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A 


MONOGRAPH 
THE RAMPHASTID &, 


FAMILY OF TOUCANS. 


BY 


JOHN GOULD, F.LS. 


LONDON: 
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 20, BROAD STREET, GOLDEN SQUARE. 


1834. 


Qh’ 

CRA 
P51GC47 
1S3% 
folio 


Co .eise 
Stuyed 


TO 


PROFESSOR TEMMINCK, 


OF LEYDEN, 


IN TESTIMONY OF THE HIGHEST ESTEEM FOR HIS VALUED AND EXTENSIVE LABOURS 


IN THE FIELD OF NATURAL SCIENCE, 


THIS MONOGRAPH 


OF 


THE RAMPHASTIDA 


IS DEDICATED, 
WITH SENTIMENTS OF THE UTMOST RESPECT, 


BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND, 


JOHN GOULD. 


ag: 
4 a 
nie a 


hu! 


Pay 
tens 


ch eon 


SUBSCRIBERS. 


HIS MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE KING. 


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Lichtenstein, Professor. Berlin. 

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Stokes, C., Esq., F.R.S., FLAS. FLLAS., &e. Verulam-buildings, Gray s- 
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Herts. 

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. Regents Park. 

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Zoological Society of London, ‘The. 


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PREFAC E, 


T AM induced to lay before the scientific world the present Monograph of a tribe of birds which 
has already claimed the attention of many of the most able ornithologists; first, because I am 
thereby afforded an opportunity of introducing to their notice several new species, which are 
here delineated for the first time; and secondly, from a desire to revise and set forth in as clear 
a light as possible the numerous species which this family contains, endeavouring at the same 
time to show their affinities to each other, by which they seem to divide themselves even into 
“more minute groups than those of genera,—groups which are characterized by peculiar and 
unvarying though subordinate points of difference. These sections should, perhaps, be 
designated by some kind of nomenclature, and indeed it has been suggested to me that a 
distinguishing title to each is required. In this attempt, however, I do not feel myself quite 
warranted at present; but adhering to the established genera of Ramphastos and Pteroglossus, 
I have thrown the members of each together, as far as my views go, according to the indications 


of nature in their mutual affinities. 


I have spared no pains in order to obtain all possible information on the subject, having for 
this purpose visited and carefully examined most of the collections on the Continent, as well as 
those of our own island; and I beg to add, that every species I have figured is at present in 
existence, and has been personally inspected. I mention this expressly, because there are two 
or three species figured in Levaillant’s “Oiseaux de Paradis,” as well as one or two others 
characterized in Professor Wagler's “Systema Avium,” of which I have never yet been able to 
meet with examples. ‘These I have omitted, being doubtful as to whether they ought to be 
regarded as the delineations of true species, or not: if they are, I hope at some future time to 


be enabled to discover them; but at present I am not sanguine as to their actual existence. 


I would here beg to express my obligations to those who have rendered me assistance in 


b 


PREFACE. 


the publication of the present Work. To Richard Owen, Esq., Assistant Curator of the Museum 
of the Royal College of Surgeons, I am indebted for the elaborate “Observations on the 
Anatomy of the Toucan” given at the close of the Work, being the result of investigations 
instituted by himself expressly for this Monograph. From E. T. Bennett, Esq., Secretary of 
the Zoological Society, N. A. Vigors, Esq., M.P., and W. Swainson, Esq., I have received 


much valuable information. 


To Lord Stanley, whose rich collection has been at all times most liberally opened to 
facilitate my inquiries, I am indebted for the use of the originals of three of the figures here 
delineated. ‘To Professor Lichtenstein I have to express my sincere obligations for permission 
to avail myself of the treasures contained in the Royal Museum of Berlin, which has been so 
much enriched by his own personal exertions, and which afforded me two species of this family 
with which I was previously unacquainted. The fine collection in the National Museum of 
Paris was made available to me by M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire and his talented son M. Isidore 
St. Hilaire, from both of which scientific gentlemen I received much politeness and attention. 
I have not yet had an opportunity of inspecting the Leyden collection, for which purpose I 
expressly visited that city, the stores which are there being, it is to be regretted, so secured as 
not to be accessible; but M. Temminck informed me that they contained no species of this 


family unknown to the British and continental museums. 


INTRODUCTION. 


OF the birds illustrated in the present Monograph, so few species had been discovered in 
the days of Linnzeus, that that great naturalist was induced to include them all in one genus, 
under the name of Ramphastos; but subsequent research in this branch of ornithological 
science having produced many additional examples, M. Illiger has with the greatest propriety 
arranged them under two distinct and well marked genera, applying the established term 
Ramphastos to the true Toucans, characterized by their large bills and square tails, and 
throwing the Aracaris, having graduated tails and less disproportionate bills, into a new 
genus, which he has denominated Pteroglossus, thus forming from the Swedish naturalist’s 
limited genus an extensive family, the members of which are strictly allied to each other in 
general form and habits, constitute a group at once natural and well defined, and are no less 
remarkable for the peculiarities of their habits and manners than for their beauty of plumage, 
and in many species, though the enormous size of their bills may seem to contradict such an 


assertion, for the elegance of their form and movements. 


In geographical distribution these birds are strictly confined to the tropical portions of 
America. According to the best information, they are a retiring and shy race, are mostly 
observed in small flocks or companies, and inhabit the dense woods and forests of that luxuriant 


country. 


In their choice of food they are perfectly omnivorous; and although their elastic bill and 
delicately feathered tongue would lead us to conclude that fruits constituted the greatest 
proportion of their diet, we have abundant testimony that they as readily devour flesh, fish, 
eggs, and small birds, to which, in all probability, are added the smaller kinds of reptiles, 


_ caterpillars, and the larva of insects in general. 


1 


INTRODUCTION. 


Most of the species, if not all, incubate in the holes of trees, laying two eggs at a time, of 


a delicate white. 


The true Toucans, unlike many of the Aracaris, offer no sexual difference in the colour 
of the plumage; but the females are rather less than the males in all their proportions. 
The young of both genera assume at a very early age the adult colouring: their large 
bills, however, as might naturally be expected, are not fully developed for a considerable 


period. 


Their flight is straight, and appears not to be effected without considerable exertion ; while, 
on the contrary, among the trees, &c., they are as quick and graceful as can well be imagined, 


leaping from branch to branch with the most elegant agility. 


Tn a state of repose, they turn their heads over their shoulders, the bill being completely 
hidden among the plumage of the upper parts and greater wing-coverts, and the tail raised 


vertically over the back, in which state the bird resembles a ball of feathers. 


The habits of these birds in confinement, as observed on two of the species, have been 
admirably delineated in two papers published a few years since in the “ Zoological Journal,’ 
by Mr. Broderip and Mr. Vigors. ‘The details given by the latter gentleman are particularly 
valuable: they were derived from the observation of an individual of the Ariel Toucan, kept 
by him for several years, and are almost universally known on account of the numerous reprints 
of them which have been induced by the graceful manner in which they are recorded, no less 


than by the interest of the facts themselves. 


With these few preliminary observations I dismiss the general subject, and proceed to offer 


some remarks on the distribution of the species which have fallen under my notice. 


I. The Toucans are distinguished among the Ramphastide by the very disproportionate 
size of their bills, and by the comparative shortness and square termination of the tail. The 
general colour of their feathering is black; but the throat and the upper and under tail-coverts 
assume, in all the species yet known, a colouring different from that of the ground. The colour 
of the under tail-coverts appears to be invariably crimson; that of the upper tail-coverts is 
either crimson, white, or yellow, according to the several species. The throat is either white or 
yellow; and is terminated behind by a crimson band, which is in some species very narrow, 


oe 


2 


INTRODUCTION. 


while in others it is so broad as to extend over the whole of the chest. The legs are of a slaty 
blue; and the naked space surrounding the eyes is usually of the same colour with the legs; 
in three species only is it crimson. The bill varies much in colour, and is subject to variation 
in this respect, even in the same species, according to the age of the individual: the general 
distribution of the colouring of the bill seems, however, to be constant. In its proportion to 
the size of the bird, the bill also varies with the age and sex of the individual, but seems to be 
constant in each species in the adult state. It also differs, according to the species, in the 
greater or less convexity of its sides; i the sharpness or roundness of its upper edge; and in 


the smoothness or jaggedness of its cutting edges. 


A. The first section of the Toucans comprehends those in which the upper tail-coverts are 
yellow. In the whole of these the throat is white, with a faint tinge only of yellow; and the 
crimson band by which it is separated behind from the black of the under surface is of small 
breadth. All of them have the upper edge of the bill yellow, and a broad band of the same 
colour surrounding its base, this band being separated by a narrow line of black from the 
adjoining parts of the head and face. This section comprehends three species: 

1. Ramph. culminatus ; with the mandibles compressed laterally and wholly black, except 

the culminal and basal bands, which are pale straw yellow. 

2. Ramph. Cuviert; with the bill more attenuated than in culmenatus ; the mandibles 
convex and blackish brown, except the greenish yellow culmen and basal belt of 
the same colour, which is bounded before by a broad, and behind by a narrow, 
band of black. 

3. Ramph. erythrorhynchus; with the entire bill red, except the yellow culmen and basal 
band, and the black borders of the basal band and cutting margins. 


B. In the second section of the Toucans but one species is comprehended. It is characterized 
either by the total absence of the scarlet pectoral band, or by having it so faint as to be scarcely 
perceptible. The upper tail-coverts are white, exceed the ordinary proportions, and equal in 
length about one half of that of the tail-feathers. The throat is white; the space surrounding 
the eyes is red, and the eyelids blue. Such are the characters of 

4, Ramph. Toco; with the bill rich orange, banded at its base and broadly blotched at its 

tip with black. 


C. The third section of the Toucans comprehends two species, distinguished by the upper 


3 


INTRODUCTION. 


tail-coverts bemg white and of the ordinary length, and by the yellowishness of the throat. In 
these the crimson pectoral band is narrow, and the naked space around the eye is of the same. | 
blue colour as the legs. 
5. Ramph. carinatus; with the bill of several colours, including blue and green. 
6. Ramph. Swamsoni; with the bill divided by a diagonal line, above which it is yellow, 
and with the crimson pectoral band separated by a white crescent from the yellow 


of the neck. 


D. The fourth and last section of the Toucans comprehends those in which the upper tail- 
coverts are crimson, and consequently correspond in colour with the under tail-coverts. In the 
birds thus distinguished the throat is orange, generally more intense in the middle, and either 
fading gradually backwards, or giving place to a defined pale yellow band, separating the 
throat from the crimson which immediately succeeds it. ‘The crimson of the breast varies in 
extent, according to the species, from a broad band to one of so great breadth as to occupy the 
entire breast. In one of the species the naked space surrounding the eye is blue; in the others 
it is red. 

7. Ramph. vitellinus ; with the bill black, its basal band blue, and the yellow of the throat 

fading into white on the sides and face. 

8. Ramph. Arvel; with the bill black, its basal band yellow, and the deep yellow of the 

throat bounded behind by a defined pale yellow band. 

9. Ramph. dicolorus; with the bill green, its basal band black, the yellow of the throat 

becoming paler round the whole of its circumference, and the crimson occupying 


the entire breast. 


II. The Aracaris, possessing as a part of the family character a bill of great proportional 
size, have that organ nevertheless comparatively less developed than the Toucans. ‘The tail 
furnishes a tangible distinctive character in its graduated form ; it is also more lengthened. ‘The 
most constant colour observable in these birds is green, which, in various shades from olive to 
grass green, occupies the upper surface of the back, wings, and tail, with the exception 
(generally) of the upper tail-coverts ; in one or two species only is the space between the 
shoulders of a different colour. Except the green of the back, the colour of every other part 
varies with the different species, although some are more generally met with than others ; 
such, for instance, is the crimson of the upper tail-coverts, which exists in all but a few species ; 


such also the chestnut or black of the head and neck, which prevails throughout the greater part 


4 


INTRODUCTION. 


of the group; such too the yellow of various intensities, and more or less interrupted, which 
spreads over a greater or less extent of the under surface in most of the species. None of 
these, however, is constant throughout the genus, which consequently presents in the different 
species comprehended in it, a greater variety of colouring than is met with in the Toucans, 
passing from the brilliancy and diversified painting of the Royal or Cayenne Aracaris, to the com- 
paratively sombre appearance of the Golden-green or the Grooved-billed. The colour of the 
naked parts is similar to that which is met with in the Toucans; the legs being either blue or 
greenish, and the naked space round the eyes being generally of the same colour. ‘There are 


only two species known in which the naked space surrounding the eyes is red. 


A. In the first section of the Aracaris may be comprehended those species in which the 
yellow of the under surface is crossed by a band at the junction of the breast with the belly. 
Tn all these birds the yellow of the under surface is more or less blotched with crimson; the 
upper tail-coverts are crimson; and the head and neck are black, the black being occasionally 
converted into chestnut on the ears. The males and females offer no difference in their 
colouring. ‘To this section belong: | 

1. Pter. Aracari; with the sides of the upper mandible dirty white, and the ventral band 
broad and crimson. 

2. Pter. Castanotis; with the sides of the upper mandible obliquely divided into black 
and yellow, the sides of the face and of the head chestnut, and the ventral band 
broad and crimson. 

3. Pter. regals; with the sides of the upper mandible dirty white with black serrations, 
the ventral band narrow, black in front and crimson behind, and the black of the 


neck bounded behind by a narrow band of rich chestnut. 


B. The second section of the Aragaris comprehends those in which the breast is crimson 
and the belly yellow. In these, as in the birds of the previous section, the upper tail-coverts 
are crimson; the head and neck are also of a dark colour, which is deep chestnut, except 
on the upper part of the head, where it is black. It comprehends two species : 

4. Pter. bitorquatus; with the outer half of the lower mandible black, a yellow collar 
(occasionally absent) at the lower part of the throat, and the back of the neck 
crimson. | 

5. Pter. Azare; with the bill yellowish throughout, a narrow black band at the lower 
part of the throat, and a broad black band crossing the breast. 


5 


INTRODUCTION. 


C. A third section consists of a single species, distinguished by the yellow, varied with 
ermson, of the whole of its under surface; by the deep crimson of the space between its 
shoulders, as well as of its upper tail-coverts ; by the white of the upper part of its throat and 
of the sides of its head ; and especially by the absence of barbs from the feathers of the last- 
named parts, and of the head generally, the shafts being so spread out, on the upper part of the 
head particularly, as to have the flattened and curled appearance of ebony shavings. It is the 

6. Péter. ulocomus ; with the bill crimson, blue, purplish red, and yellow, in longitudinal 


masses. 


D. A fourth section of the Aragaris may be distinguished by the birds composing it 
having the throat, breast, and belly of a single colour, different from that of the upper surface. 
In the first of the species comprised in it the colours of the hinder part of the trunk are 
singularly counterchanged, the upper tail-coverts being yellow, while the under are crimson ; 
whereas in all the other Aragaris in which these feathers differ in colour, it is the upper that 
are crimson, and the under that are yellow. The species are 

7. Pter. hypoglaucus ; with the under surface, except the tail-coverts and the hinder part 

of the neck, blueish grey. 

8. Pter. Baillont ; with the under surface, sides of the face, and forehead yellow. 


E. In the fifth section of the Aracaris are comprehended two species, in which the whole 
of the under surface, except the throat, is yellow or greenish yellow ; the upper tail-coverts 
are, as usual, crimson ; and the head and neck are of a much darker colour than the rest of 
the body. The colour of the head and neck in the birds of all the preceding sections is 
similar in both sexes: in those of the present section, these parts are black in the males and — 
brown in the females. 

9. Pter. viridis; with the upper mandible yellow above and chestnut below, and the 

lower mandible black throughout, except at its base. 
10. Péter. inscriptus ; with the bill yellow, black on its culmen, at its tip and base, and 
blotched with black along its cutting edges. 


F. The sixth section of the Aragaris agrees with the preceding one in having the 
anterior part of the birds comprised in it of a darker colour than the remainder of the plumage, 
and in having those parts which are black in the males differently coloured in the females, 


except the back of the head in one species. The dark colour of the under surface extends 


6 


INTRODUCTION. 


over the breast as well as the throat. The ear-coverts, and a crescent-shaped band separating 
the dark colour of the upper part of the neck from the green of the back, are yellow. In this 
section. we find, for the first time, the upper tail-coverts destitute of any peculiar colour, and 
agreeing in tint with the adjoining part of the back. 
11. Péter. maculirostris ; with the bill white, marked on the sides of the upper mandible 
with about four large black blotches. 
12. Pter. Cultk; with the bill red at the base, and black throughout the remaining two 
thirds of its length. 


G. The seventh and last section of the Aracaris comprehends two species, distinguished by 
the simplicity of their colouring from all those which have been previously noticed. ‘They are 
of a nearly uniform colour, and are entirely destitute of those striking tints which vary so 
agreeably the plumage of the remainder of the genus. In both of them the upper part of the 
throat is white; in one of them the cheeks also are white, while in the other they are blue. 

13. Pter. prasinus; with the under tail-coverts and tips of the tail-feathers brown. 

14. Pter. sulcatus; with the under tail-coverts of the same green as the belly, and the 


tips of the tail-feathers tinged with blue. 


Tn this last section, and especially in the last-named species, the bill acquires its maximum 
of deviation from the typical form of the family. Instead of being, as in the Toco Toucan, of 
greatly disproportionate length ; compressed on the sides so as to be comparatively thin in its 
horizontal diameter while it is elevated in its vertical height ; strongly arched along its upper 
edge, which is so narrow as to be almost sharp; and thin and light in its texture: it becomes 
in the Grooved-billed Aragari in every respect, as it were, condensed ; its length is diminished 
so as to approach, in some degree, to the dimensions observable in certain Barbets, such 
as the Bucco grandis from the Himalayan mountains ; its sides, though flattened and deeply 
grooved, are not approximated to each other, the horizontal or lateral diameter of the bill 
almost equalling its vertical height; the culmen is broad and flattened; and the whole sub- 
stance is comparatively solid, and conformable to the structure observable in the approxi- 
mating genera. In the form of its bill no less than in the colouring of its plumage the Péter. 
sulcatus is the most aberrant species of the family; it ought probably to be regarded as the 
type of a peculiar genus, and | should not have hesitated in so considering it, but for the 
intervention of the Pter. prasinus, which possesses most of its characteristics, though in a less 


marked degree, and which therefore connects it so immediately with the Aragaris in general as to 


7 


INTRODUCTION. 


render its separation from them difficult. The Golden-green Aracari is assuredly a Pteroglossus ; 
the Grooved-billed Aragari differs from it only in the still greater simplicity of its colouring, 


and in the ereater development of those peculiar characters of the bill which show themselves 


to a certain extent in Pter. prasinus. 


Tf, in the preceding account of the species of Ramphastide, I have rarely referred to the 
form of the bill as aiding in their discrimination, it is not to be attributed to any undervaluing 
of the important help to be thence derived, but to the difficulty of adequately conveying in 
words a correct idea of those varying shades of difference which are appreciable only by a 
practised eye and on direct comparison. My principal object has been to facilitate the 
ascertaining of the species of this interesting family, and I trust that I may have, to a certain 
extent, succeeded. In furtherance of the same view, I add the subjoined tabular attempt at 


a Synopsis Specierum. 


ADDENDA TO THE INTRODUCTION. 


In my Preface to the present Monograph I intimated that I was aware that two or three 
additional species had been described by the late Professor Wagler in his ‘Systema Avium’ 
which might perhaps prove to be distinct from those figured by myself. Not having seen 
any examples of the birds themselves, and being consequently unable to determine with 
certainty as to their complete distinctness, I could not then include them in my work. I have 
since had an opportunity of personally examining them, during a recent visit to the Museum 
of Munich, in which they are deposited ; and I now hasten to lay before the scientific public 
the results of my investigation, and to complete my account of all the species known up to 
the present time. The fine collection of Vienna afforded me examples of three new species, 
which, with one kindly forwarded by the Earl of Derby, another by N. C. Strickland, Esq., 
and a third by W. Swainson, Esq., make an interesting addition of ten species,—two Toucans 


and eight Aragaris,—of which the following is an enumeration. 


The Toucans, although possessing nearly all the essential characters of the first section, A, of 
the genus Ramphastos, differ in some respects from other species referred to it. One of them 
has the upper tail-coverts remarkably pale, their colour being lemon-yellow, the full yellow of 
these feathers in the other species approaching, particularly at its edge, to orange. ‘The other 
has a richly coloured neck and chest, and thus approaches the birds of section C. Arranging 
them as the fourth and fifth species of the first section A, they are distinguishable from all the 
other species, which have white chests, as the 

Ramph. citreopygus; with the upper tail-coverts lemon-yellow. 

Ramph. osculans ; with the chest orange yellow in the middle, becoming paler towards its 


edges. 


Of the Aragaris Pter. pluraconctus may be regarded as constituting a typical example of 
the first section, A, differing, however, in the slight variation of colour that takes place in its sexes 
and in the additional black band of its under surface; a band of which a rudiment may be 
conceived to exist in the black pectoral spot of Pter. regalis. 

Pier. pluricinctus ; with the sides of the upper mandible, including the serratures, dirty white, 


the ventral band black in front and crimson behind, a strong black pectoral band. 


1 


ADDENDA TO THE INTRODUCTION. 


~ Humboldt’s Aragari belongs to section E, where it will range between Pter. viridis and 
Pter. mscriptus ; as, 
Pter. Humboldti ; with the bill yellow, black on its culmen at its tip and base, blotched 
with black at its serratures, and with the under mandible black. 


Langsdorff’s, Natterer's, and Reinwardt's Aragaris belong to section F, with the following 

distinctive characters : 

Pter. Nattererz; with the bill red, marked at the base of each mandible with a large black 
spot, and having the culmen and five or six blotches along the edge of the upper 
mandible also black. 

Pter. Reinwardti ; with the bill reddish at the base, with several black spots near the 
cutting edge of the upper mandible, and with the culmen and terminal half blackish 
brown. . 

Pter. Langsdorffix ; with the bill throughout nearly black, becoming slightly grey towards 


its base. 


Pter. pavoninus, Derbianus, and hematopygus will range in the seventh or last section, G, 
and are thus characterized : 

Pter. pavoninus; with the under tail-coverts and tips of the tail-feathers brown, and the 
lower mandible and base and cutting edge of the upper black. 

Pter. Derbianus ; with the under surface green throughout, and the tips of the two inter- 
mediate tail-feathers chestnut. 

Pter. hematopygus; with the under surface green throughout, and the upper tail-coverts 
blood red. 


As all the species comprised in this latter section appear to possess characters sufliciently 
distinct to warrant their separation as a peculiar genus, I propose to regard them in that light, 
and to give them the generic title of Aulacorhynchus, with the following characters : 

Bill comparatively short, furrowed on the sides ; culmen broad and flattened ; base of the 
under mandible extending obliquely beyond the line of the eye. Wengs short and round, the 
fourth quill-feather the longest, the fifth, sixth, and seventh being nearly of the same length. 
Tail comparatively short and less decidedly graduated than in Pteroglossus—The whole of this 
group are characterized by a uniform green plumage, the feathers of which are loose and de- 


composed in their texture. 


SYNOPSIS SPECIERU M. 


I. Cauda breviore, quadraté: rostro maximo. igri; guttwre caudeque tegminibus discoloribus.—RAMPHASTOS. 


Caude tegminibus superioribus flavis. 


Rostro ut plurimum nigro, lateribus compressis. : ; : 1. culminatus. 
nn RC convexis . : ; : 2. Cuviert. 
rubro : : ‘ : ; 3. erythrorhynchus. 
Caudze tegminibus superioribus albis. 
Pectore albo . , : : é : , ; ; : 4. Toco. 
flavo. 
Rostro pluricolore : : : : : ; : 5. carimatus. 
——— obliqué dimidiatim flavo . : : : : 6. Swainsonit. 


Caudee tegminibus superioribus coccineis. 


Rostro nigro. 


Auribus albis : ; ‘ , : ; ; ; 7. vitellinus: 
- pectori concoloribus, (se. flavis) . : 8. Ariel. 
Rostro viridescente . hn Pe: : ; : F : ; 9. dicolorus. 


II. Cauda longiore, gradaté, rostro majore. Viridescentes ; capite, gastreo tegminibusque caude superioribus in plurimis 


discoloribus.—PTEROGLOSSUS. 


Gastreo bi- vel pluri-colore, coloribus discretis. 
Pectore ventreque flavis, fasciatis. 


Fascia ventrali coccinea, lata. 


Maxillee superioris lateribus sordidé albis . : ‘ 1. Aracart. 
—- — oblique dimidiatis nigris . ‘ , 2. Castanotis. 
Fascia ventrali antice nigra posticé coccinea. ; ; 3. regalis. 
Pectore coccineo. 
Torque pectorali vel nulla vel angusta flava... , 4. bitorquatus. 
— -latissima, nigra : ; ‘ ‘ : 5. Azare. 
Pectore ventreque flavis, haud fasciatis. 
Maxillé inferiore nigra. : ; ; : ai 9. viridis. 
— flava, nigro inscripta : : . 10. mscriptus. 
Pectore gutturi concolore, ventre discolore. 
Maxilla superiore nigro maculata. : : : - Ll. maculirostris. 
Maxillis nigris, basin versus rubris. . : ; . ~ 12. Culik. 


Gastreo unicolore, vel subunicolore. 


Gastreo stragulo discolore. 


Gastreo flavo, rubro intermixto. : ! ; ; 6. ulocomus. 
——--- ceeruleo-cano ‘ : : . 7. hypoglaucus. 
———- flavo . : ; ; : : : : 8. Bailloni. 
Gastro stragulo subconcolore. 
Rectricum apicibus brunneis . : : : . 13. prasinus. 
concoloribus 0 : : . 14. sulcatus. 


9 


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OBSERVATIONS 


ON 


THE ANATOMY OF THE TOUCAN. 


Tue organs of digestion in the Toucan present a general simplicity of structure, which accords with its 
geographical position and power of assimilating both animal and vegetable food, so abundantly provided by 
Nature in a tropical climate. The amplitude of the cesophagus and general width of the intestinal canal 
correspond to the magnitude of the beak. There is no lateral dilatation or crop, nor is the gizzard so 
encroached upon by its muscular parietes as to render such a reservoir for the alimentary substances necessary. 
The intestinal canal is equally devoid of lateral pouches, or ceca: the gastric glands are of a simple form, and 
are disposed, for the extent of an inch, around the termination of the cesophagus. The communication of the 
gizzard with the proventriculus is free, and readily permits regurgitation to take place. This act has been 
observed in two living species of Toucan (Ramphastos Exythrorhynchus and Ramph. Ariel, Vigors); and as 
the substances so regurgitated were, after undergoing a second mastication, again swallowed, it may be 
compared to the rumination of herbivorous quadrupeds. 

The intestinal canal does not exceed the length of the body, including the bill. The general structure 
of the digestive apparatus of the Hornbill agrees with that of the Toucan. 

The liver of the Toucan is composed of two lobes, of unequal size, joined by a small band, the margins of 
the lobes being more rounded than usual. There is no gall-bladder, and in this deficiency the Toucan 
manifests an affinity to the Picide and Psittacrde, among the Scansores ; while the Hornbill, on the contrary, 
resembles the Corvide in the large development of its biliary receptacle. A small hepatic duct enters the 
duodenum near its commencement ; and a second duct, about two lines in diameter, passes to a more distant 
part of the intestine, where it terminates close to the insertion of the two pancreatic ducts. 

The kidneys are composed of three lobes, of which the middle one is the smallest ; their length is 14 inch ; 
their surface is convoluted, though in a less marked degree than in reptiles. Between the anterior extremities 
of these glands, in a female specimen of Ramphastos Ariel, was situated the ovary, of a triangular shape, and 
apparently healthy in structure. The ova were like minute granules, and disposed in a convoluted manner. 
The supra-renal glands were imbedded in the posterior part of the ovary. The oviduct was as large as 
a crow-quill; it commenced by the usual fimbriated and wide aperture, was slightly tortuous at the 
commencement, and then continued straight to the cloaca. 

Among the varied forms of tongue which birds present, that of the Toucan is one of the most remarkable. 
Its length from the aperture of the gloétis, in a full-grown Ramphastos Toco, was six inches. The posterior 
ridge, or backward-projecting process, was broad and finely notched ; it was situated about 4 lines from the 
glottis. Anterior to this process the tongue is soft and minutely papillose for the extent of 4 lines, and here, 
most probably, the sense of taste resides: the rest of the organ consists of a transparent horny /amina, 


flattened horizontally and supported by the anterior process of the os hyordes, which forms a ridge along 
the middle of its inferior surface. At about four inches from the extremity of the horny /amina the margins 
become obliquely notched, and these notches, becoming deeper and closer together towards the extremity, 
occasion the bristled appearance on each side of the tongue. These bristles, Mr. Vigors observes, were 
generally applied to the morsels of food whilst held between the mandibles previously to bemg swallowed. 

The cornua of the os hyordes are 14 inch in length. The ¢rachea is narrow, and simple in its structure, the 
rings somewhat flattened and decreasing in diameter towards the inferior extremity, from which a single pair 
of muscles pass off to the sternum. ‘The length of the lower fourth of the tube, and the state of tension in the 
bronchia, are regulated by a pair of small muscles, which, arising from the sides of the tracheal cartilages, are 
inserted into the bone of divarication at the extremity of the érachea: and that this part of the tube is 
subjected to variations in length is indicated by the tortuous character of the recurrent nerves attached to the 
sides of the ¢rachea at this part. The lungs are small in proportion to the size of the bird, but of the usual 
form and structure. The abdominal air-cells are of small size. The heart is of a more oblong form than 
in general ; its apew, as it were, truncate; its length 1 inch. 

The pectoral muscles, as in the Psttacide, are but feebly developed, and the keel of the sternum is of 
moderate size, not projecting more than half an inch from the plane of the bone. The sternum has four 
notches at its posterior margin. The clavicles, or lateral halves of the furcula, are here, as in the Psittacide 
and Struthiomde, separate ; they are 1 inch in length, slender, pointed at their lower ends, and joined to each 
other and to the sternum by ligament only. 

The peculiar motions of the tail called for a particular examination of that part. It is difficult to state 
the precise number of the caudal vertebre in consequence of the terminal ones being anchylosed, requiring 
for this purpose the examination of a young specimen at a period before the anchylosis takes place. In the 
skeleton of a Black-billed Toucan which I have examined, it would appear that three vertebre are thus 
anchylosed, making the entire number of coccygeal vertebre nine. The Woodpecker has also nine caudal 
vertebre, and this seems to be the greatest number found in birds. The first six of these vertedre in the 
Toucan are articulated by ball-and-socket joints, the ball and the socket being most distinct in the last two 
joints. That between the sixth and the anchylosed vertebre is provided with a capsule and synovial fluid; the 
others have a yielding ligamentous mode of connexion. The spinous processes of these vertebre, both 
superior and inferior, are of moderate size, but smallest in the sixth, where the greatest degree of motion 
takes place. The transverse processes, on the contrary, are large and broad, so as almost wholly to prevent 
lateral motion. The first of the anchylosed ver¢ebre is broad and flat and of a rounded form, supporting the 
two coccygeal glands: the last of these processes is compressed laterally, and of the ordinary ploughshare 
form. The caudal vertebre can be inflected dorsad till their superior spines are brought into contact with the 
sacrum; in the opposite direction they can scarcely be bent beyond a straight line: and it is to this structure 
of the bones and joints that is to be attributed the capability in the Toucan of turning its tail upon its back 
(as represented in the Zoological Journal, vol. ii. pl. xv.), the muscles presenting comparatively few 
peculiarities, since the motion alluded to is remarkable rather for its extent than the vigour with which it is 
performed. 

The principal elevators of the tail are the sacro-coccygei superiores (sacro-sus-caudiens of Vicq d’Azyr). 
They arise from two longitudinal ridges on the inferior and convex part of the sacrum, and are inserted into 
the superior spines of the first six vertebre by detached tendons, terminating broadly in the anchylosed vertebre. 
The principal antagonists of these muscles, sacro-coccyge: infertores (sacro-sous-caudens of Vicq d’Azyr), pass 
over the first five vertebre and terminate in the sixth and anchylosed vertebre : their origins are wider apart 
than in the preceding pair of muscles, coming off from the margins of the sacro-sciatic notches. In the 
interval are situated small muscles passing from the transverse processes to the inferior spines of the first six 
vertebre. 

From the limited nature of the lateral motions of the tail the muscles appropriate to these movements 
are feeble, especially in comparison with those which are observed in the birds that spread their tail-feathers 


in flight, in order to regulate their course during that vigorous species of locomotion. These muscles 
are in number two on each side, arising from the posterior extremities of the ischia, and inserted into the 
expanded anchylosed vertebre. From the disposition of these muscles it is obvious that after the proper 
elevators have raised the tail to a certain height, they also become dorsad of the centre of motion, combine 
their forces with the elevators, and by this addition of power terminate the act of throwing up the tail by a 
jerk: Mr. Vigors in his observations on the living animal observes, that “‘in these movements the tail 
seemed to turn as if on a hinge that was operated on by a spring.” 

The osseous portions of the mandibles of the Toucan are disposed in a manner adapted to combine with 
the great bulk of those parts a due degree of strength and remarkable lightness, and the bony structure is 
consequently of a most beautiful and delicate kind. ‘The external parietes are extremely thin, especially in 
the upper beak: they are elastic, and yield in a slight degree to moderate pressure, but present considerable 
resistance if a force is applied for the purpose of crushing the beak. At the points of the mandibles, the 
outer walls are nearly a line in thickness ; at other parts, in the upper beak, they are much thinner, varying 
from 1-30th to 1-50th part of an inch, and in the lower beak are from 1-20th to 1-30th of an inch in 
thickness. 

On making a longitudinal section of the upper mandible, its base is seen to include a conical cavity, about 
two inches in length and one inch in diameter, with the apex directed forwards. The walls of this cone 
consist of a most beautiful osseous network, intercepting irregular angular spaces, varying in diameter from 
half a line to two lines. From the parietes of this cone, a network of bony fibres is continued to the outer 
parietes of the mandible, the fibres which immediately support the latter being almost invariably implanted 
at right angles to the part in which they are inserted. 

The whole of the mandible anterior to the cone is occupied with a similar network, the meshes of which 
are largest in the centre of the beak in consequence of the union which takes place between different small 
fibres as they pass from the circumference inwards. It is remarkable that the principle of the cylinder is 
introduced into this elaborate structure: the smallest of the supporting pillars of the mandibles are seen to be 
hollow or tubular, when examined with the microscope. The structure is the same in the lower mandible, 
but the fibres composing the network are in general stronger than those of the upper mandible. 

The medullary membrane lining these cavities appears to have but a small degree of vascularity. Processes 
of the membrane, accompanying vessels and nerves, decussate the conical cavity at the base of the beak. The 
principal nerves are two branches of the fifth pair, which enter at the lower part of the conical cavity, and 
diverge and ascend as they pass forwards to the end of the bill, giving off branches, which are distributed to 
the horny covering, and supply it with sensibility. 

The air is admitted to the interior of the upper mandible from a cavity situated anterior to the orbit, which 
communicates at its posterior part with the air-cell continued into the orbit, and at its anterior part with the 
maxillary cavity. The nasal cavity is closed at every part, except at its external and internal apertures, by the 
pituitary membrane, and has no communication with the interior of the mandible. 

The organ of smell is confined to the base of the upper jaw. The canal, which is traversed by the air and 
odorous particles in inspiration, forms a sigmoid curve in the vertical direction. The external orifice is on 
precisely the same perpendicular line as the internal one. It is situated at the posterior surface of the upper 
mandible, where it is raised above the level of the cranium ; the orifice is consequently directed backwards, 
secure from all injury that might happen to it in the act of penetrating dense or interwoven foliage. 

The olfactory canal is at first of almost a cylindrical form, and about two lines in diameter. It passes 
forwards for about half an inch, receiving from the mesial aspect the projection of the first spongy bone ; it 
then bends downwards and backwards, and is dilated to admit the projections of the two other spongy bones : 
from this point it descends vertically to the palate, at first contracted, and afterwards dilating to form the 
internal or posterior orifice. The first or outermost spongy bone is almost horizontal, and has its convexity 


directed outwards. The second is nearly vertically placed, with its convexity directed backwards: it 
terminates in a narrow point below. The third or superior spongy bone makes a small projection towards 
the mesial plane, about the size of a pea. These spongy bones are formed by inward projections of the inner 
and posterior osseous parietes of the nasal passage ; they are cellular, and air is continued into them from the 
cranial diploé ; but the parietes of the nasal passage are entire and smooth, and lined by a delicate pituitary 
membrane. The inner table of the skull is continuous with the parietes of the nasal cavity, by means of the 
bony canal which accompanies and protects the olfactory nerves, and which represents, as it were, a single 
foramen of the cribriform plate of the mammalia. The communication of the cavity of the cranium with 
that of the nose is thus similarly formed, and is only obstructed in the recent state by the pituitary membrane, 
on the posterior cul de sac of which the olfactory nerve distributes its branches in a radiated manner. These 
branches were confined, as Scarpa has observed in other birds, to the pituitary membrane covering the 
septum narium and the superior spongy bone. 

The external orifice of the meatus auditorius is situated about half an inch behind the lower boundary of the 
orbit. The membrana tympani closes it so obliquely that its plane is directed almost backwards ; its anterior 
edge is consequently about three lines from the external orifice, while its posterior margin is at least six 
lines from the same point. It is convex outwardly as in birds generally. ‘The apparatus of the internal ear 
is easily exposed, the semicircular canals bemg lodged in a delicate reticulation of the diploé of the cranium. 
These parts, with the ossiculum of communication and the cochlea, do not present any deviations from the 
ordinary structure worthy of notice.—R. O. 


DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE. 


Fig. 1. Section of the cranium and upper mandible of the oo. Cornua of the os hyoides (cerato-hyal bones of Geof- 
Ramphastos Toco. froy). 
a. The cancellated structure of the beak. p. The trachea, or windpipe. 
b. The cavity at the base. q. The gullet. 
c. Branches of the fifth pair of nerves. Fig. 3. Vertical longitudinal section of the head. 
dd. The external orifices of the nostrils. The same letters indicate the same parts as in the pre- , 
e. The osseous parietes of the nasal passages. vious figures. 
f. The osseous tubes protecting the olfactory nerves. d. Shows the internal aperture of the nostrils. 
g. The pituitary membrane exposed, and branches of the r. The beginning of the spinal chord. 
olfactory nerve radiating upon it. s. The articulating surface of the occipital bone. 
h. The superior semicircular canals of the internal ear. t. The nasal septum or partition. 
4%. Hemispheres of the cerebrum. u. The air-cell anterior to the orbit from which the air 
k. Cerebellum. ; passes into the mandible. 
Fig. 2. The upper surface of the tongue. v. The cancellated structure of the lower jaw. 
l. The fringed or feathered portion of the tongue. Fig. 4. Side view of the foot of Ramphastos Toco. 
m. The orifice of the larynx. Fig. 5. Under surface of the same. 
n. The orifice of the pharynx. 


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Genus Ramphastos, Linné. 


CHARACTERES GENERICI. 


Rostrum capite longius, maximum, crassum, inane, cultratum, margine basah incrassato; mawille angulo 
frontali subtruncato transverso: nares verticales, pone mawille basin site: toma serrata: lingua 


angusta, pennacea. Cauda brevis, equalis. 


Bill very large, longer than the head, thick, light, curved, and thickened at the basal margin; the frontal 


angle transversely subtruncated ; margins serrated. /Vos¢rils vertical, behind the base of the bill. Tongue 


slender, long, and feathered. Zaz/ short, even. 


aie angina ariiieg) 


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RAMPHASTOS CULMENATUS. 


Culmenated Toucan. 


RAMPHASTOS CULMINATUS. 


Culminated Toucan. 


Sprecrric CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro nigro, culmine fasciaque basalt stramineis : ater ; guld pectoreque albis ; fascia 
angusta pectorali tectricibusque caude inferioribus cocciners ; uropygi plumis sulphurers im 


aurantium ad apices transeuntibus. 


Beak black, with a broad line of pale straw yellow along the whole length of the culmen, from 
which a basal belt of the same colour encircles both mandibles; throat and chest white 
bounded by a narrow pectoral band of crimson, which is also the colour of the under 
tail-coverts ; feathers of the uropygium brimstone yellow, passing off into fiery orange at 
their tips; remainder of the plumage black. 

Total length, from 18 to 20 inches; bell, 4 to 5, breadth, scarcely 1; wing, 81 to 9; tail, 6+ 


to 7; tarsus, 2. 


Ramphastos culminatus. Gould, Proceedings of the Zool. Soc., Part I. p. 70. 


Ir is now several years since I first received this fine species, which I had always been led to confound with the 
Ramphastos Cuviert of Wagler. A more minute examination of its characters, however, has convinced me 
that the present bird is essentially different, particularly in the formation of its mandibles, having them 
invariably shorter and more incurved, with the upper one compressed laterally so as to present a narrow 
culmen bounded by a furrow on each side running its whole length; a character very different to that of 
_ R. Cuvieri, the wpper mandible of which is regularly swollen on its sides, of great length, and gradually drawn 
out to a point. With the exception of the bird just referred to, it is impossible to confound the present with 
any other known species. 

The Ramphastos culminatus is a rare bird in the collections of Europe: a fine example graces the museum 
of Lord Stanley ; another—in all probability a female, the stature being inferior, and the characters alluded 
to less prominent—is in the museum of the Zoological Society of London. 

The species was received from Mexico, to which country and the Spanish Main its habitat. is in all 
probability restricted. 


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(maw ia ote in, 
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RAMPHASTOS CUVIE RI, (Wagler). 


Cuvier’s Toucan. 


tive Nedaure ds om Stone by J&L. Gouda, Srinted ty C Lidimanded. 


RAMPHASTOS CUVIERI, Wagier. 


Cuvier’s Toucan. 


Sprcitric CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro brunneo-nigrescente, culmine fasciaque basali tutes, hac postice linea nigra 
antice fascia atra cinctd: niger; genis, gutture, pectoreque albis lutescenti tenctes ; torque 


pectoralt caudeque tectricebus infertoribus cocciners, supertoribus aurantiaco-flavis. 


Beak brownish black on the sides, with a large basal belt and culmenal line of greenish yellow, 
the basal belt being bounded behind by a narrow line of black, and before by a broader 
one of deep black, which is only apparent in certain lights; the top of the head and whole 
of the upper surface black, with the exception of the upper tail-coverts, which are bright 
orange yellow; cheeks, throat, and chest white, with a tinge of greenish yellow terminated 
by a band of scarlet; under surface black; under tail-coverts scarlet. 

Total length, 24 inches; bell, 7+; wings, 9; tad, Oz: tarsi, 2. 


Ramphastos Cuviert. Wagler, Syst. Avium. 


Tue only naturalist who has hitherto noticed this fine and rare species appears to be Wagler, who has given 
a detailed account of its specific characters in his “ Systema Avium.” The species most nearly allied to it in 
form and colouring is the Ramphastos erythrorhynchus, but from which it may be at once distinguished by its 
larger size, and by the black colour almost universally spread over the mandibles in place of the bright scarlet 
which is so conspicuous in that species. The upper tail-coverts are also of a more intense orange. 

In size, the Ramphastos Cuviert is equal if not superior to the R&. ¢oco, its beak being fully as large, and 
although not keel-shaped along the upper ridge, is also similarly attenuated. 

The rarity of this bird may be best understood, when I state, that my own specimen is the only one I 
have ever seen, with the exception of another which I have some recollection of in the Museum at Berlin, the 
splendid collection at Paris having no example. The one I possess, with my other rare and new species, will 
be added to the fine collection of the Zoological Society of London. 

The natural habitat of this bird is doubtless the densely wooded districts on both sides of the Amazon ; at 
least we are led so to suspect from its form, which agrees with the 2. erythrorhynchus and culminatus, birds 
both natives of the same locality, or nearly so. 


VAT HH ie Crayne ed! were Ptr): a 
Miah 4 Sey is 


tas Heraoad: 


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; eo) Pe 
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ia 5 i a FE Sters 


nj “hin eo treet « ; ae 
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“ 


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ul 42 at Ae nf? bada® i Bae Te Gace oe ai baie 
Vie vm. Joe Te a in Ht “Weil: Me whan A, alt psi al 
#4 itis i oe a Bilt: gud) 


ee 


| ley 
pee ‘ott, 


Hn {apy et He igen 


“ ‘7 
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why 


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HON 3 
ag a nt 
seo aao 
i Vt he lee" 


( Auct:). 


2 
9 


RAMPHASTOS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS 


Red-billed Toucan. 


i 


RAMPHASTOS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS. 
Red-billed Toucan. 


SprctFic CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro rubro, vitté fasciaque basali flavis, hac posticé lined anticé fascia ngris cincta ; 
toms ngris: mger ; gugulo pectoreque albis lutescents tenctis ; torque pectorah angusta 


caudceque tectricibus inferiortbus coccinets, supertortbus saturate flavis. 


Beak red at the sides, with a broad line of yellow continued throughout its entire length, and 
a basal belt of the same colour, bounded posteriorly by a narrow line of black and 
anteriorly by a broader one of the same colour; a black line runs along the edges of both 
mandibles; naked skin round the eye; the legs and the feet blueish lead colour ; general 
plumage black ; the throat and chest white, with a tinge of greenish straw yellow, bounded 
by a narrow pectoral band of scarlet, the under tail-coverts being of the same colour, while 
the upper ones are deep yellow. 

Total length, 23 inches ; b2//, 63; wings, 82; tatl, 64; tars, 2. 


Red-beaked Toucan. Edw., t. 238. 

Ramphastos erythrorhynchus. Auct. 

Le Toucan. Levaill., Ois. de Parad., vol. 2. t. 3. 

Le Toucan a collier jaune? Levaill., Ois. de Parad., vol. 2 t. 4. 

Toucan Gi gorge blanche de Cayenne, appellé Tocan. Buff., Pl. Enl., n. 262. 
Ramphastos Levaillanti’? Wagler, Syst. Avium. 


Tue present species, as its name implies, is distinguished by the brilliant colouring of its beak, which loses its 
original brightness immediately after death, so that the specimens exhibited in our museums might often be 
mistaken, upon a superficial glance, for other species. In one respect it is subject to slight variety in its 
colouring, as we do not find in all specimens the delicate straw-coloured tinge on the white breast, which is 
in all probability the index of a recent change of plumage, and which perhaps disappears after a short 
exposure to the action of light and heat. 

Richly ornamented with well contrasted hues of great brilliancy, this elegant species inhabits the deep 
forests which border the Amazon, and the wooded districts of Cayenne and Guiana, being spread in 
considerable abundance over a wide extent of country. In its general habits and manners it resembles the 
rest of its congeners, leaping lightly from branch to branch among the topmost foliage of the highest trees, 
where it passes its existence. 


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Ae ae Ay gi, SLOVO aA te BAY Thea iyvanl ays Sy a obwayk: : 4 “vaygane * avyait vile is. oe sy 2 7 Bhi D 
oa | vot Vovuitne wolbvotlioie Mono, err Ut Osy semi . sf Pn 

‘a : rn iF i A ae 


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bis igo! write 2h dtestecernlt fet atta woke te meat bh narail a divs nea. aa te: Bev Ano8 ae 


. aie r , ate ie, 
aa a ei) bie adoald 1) MUP OTB fi ad igh aint “My ly huteronl roles, aie gil ly ‘le. 1: vl linea & a a uf 
; tod ‘iy che at ndole atin dail doald Seles sete ail) eo oi ee ee wd yhegstan yee ; Rae ; 
F * ra + 
“i ‘ne 


I Cs .  petloabaal datold foot adt ban egal ‘nlf (owe aiff: fyynmvore aids boda :eoldibanes: i or 


; 3 ; Fo 
: : | wren Ee in liek ee wt te woe “dite, tit ‘yt jaiciy bir thority “lt ‘4 A ald crpnerecitay ‘ : : a 
ie liler tiHerlos, wine alt ey panied ariaveoc-fiat ‘aly alt 4abnos to ernel fir cabo wierine,.e yd . a; : | Ge) hi, 
= , | | “tat 
4 ee | | ; : onal ley ql) kon ipies Vey ait | ; : & 
Bias ath aa a So Bey; Li). Mis bt weusigr td Wak?» evdani &¢ lat md into Pe) eT re ree 
| | | 4 | , | . # ‘ p ; : 4 
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r 7 ; 1 rn | ‘ | > 7 : ac Pp Jouh eal way’ KANG / #3 venlaunTA : : 2 / 
4 : : ; a . ; es z how Logit ah ath dees j = a nner | i 
Pn r ’ . | | gh 
af . . bf doe sleteT ob aif), Hinvyak . ' ning “voile iv evi ‘eh ip ; a: 
zi | | 2 : alk | “ as n ms H [. " Te ane inagtgar: “eth ia win) aka 4h aad uD tv % nie roe 7 lie 
Pie x ; | | | ; nll 
: y : ' ; f Pies t ral rotgu’¥ cvlull wand anit ane hag 


2 - ; ; ae ae ee =e, 
die drew tt lo Sai ekes ines Nivel onlt vet be se ing qitiaidy =f adthpuit grad et ef wating tnnang avr 

iat ho “balun nine api qv ai banidides anininage, wld 30 EF oa abiedh. wits ylopaibon ni ince tefgine intiigine ‘i 

7 Se: ; al gL eons iihyite af ion in at wets me) id sega vig wll sonny Kadniteatia a Ms Vad od pieiat ; 
: = ppatae taan val waiibve Gilt cura barnoloadnde aecsilaty silt’ “av aetioeye te iti bait to off 7 an wiimolys ee 
» wa i outer, bri opnutaty ta yey Maa ay 98T & to xobat oil _ilidadon Ie’ fii: | | 
ae. Tar, ene ee ieee 2 : * iva hui tabyil We whine ort ws ite 


“gop itt. atidestat adiwara treats ail aysimaittind dem te evil bo beientog flow ihe botasinnine (ito : 
ad hier antsd javeniin) bes antics’ Yo atotrtzity Lola: aft hws avotreigh onl salad: doidye anaond vi —s 
AS alt anlage nn th Gemeandis: bing adic Tieiguwg ant ines fngtne: hive a ore sinebuvds aldsabixwoa | 
a raat. oil sesneliaidl, ail ty vy pi Veoertigos wild’ guiEaKa, doanid b4 foaavet mt didi yiqes! wiaaruneys atl te tet)’ 

| | Ph ee tS, Talia . _monatains ff ca n= 


Cl we 7” ¥ . ) S is an 


‘ 


In OF eal 


DProowi 


rom Netwre & ov Stone by J LE Goulw. 


RAMPHASTOS CITREOPYGUS. 
Lemontumped Toucan. 


Printed ty C Hallmandd. 


-RAMPHASTOS CITREOPYGUS. 


Lemon-rumped Toucan. 


Specific CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro negro, fascia basali culmineque prope basin caeruleo-canis ; niger ; pectore albo, 
lutescente parum tincto ; fascia pectus inter et ventrem lata crissoque cocciners ; caude 


tectricibus superiortbus citrenes ; orbite tarsique plumber ; hi saturatoores. 


Bill black, with a broad band of blue grey across the base, advancing for the length of an inch on 
the culmen; breast white, very faintly tinged with greenish yellow, divided from the belly 
by a band of scarlet half an inch in width; under tail-coverts scarlet, upper pale lemon 
yellow; the whole of the remaining plumage black; naked space round the eyes and the 
feet lead colour, the latter being the darkest. 

Total length, 19 inches; wing, 9+; bell, 5; tarse, 2+; tal, 6. 


For this fine and hitherto uncharacterized species of Toucan, my warmest thanks are due to W. Swainson, 
Esq., in whose valuable collection it is deposited, and who most liberally placed it at my disposal for the 
purpose of figuring, and at the same time allowed me to add a specific name on my own authority. In 
applying the term citreopygus we have been influenced by the difference this species presents from all others 
in that peculiar character. Mr. Swainson informed me that this bird was originally in the collection of 
Mr. Bullock, from whom he purchased it, and who stated that he believed it was from Peru. 

Independently of the different colour of the upper tail-coverts, it possesses other peculiar characters. In 
size it equals Ramph. Cuvieri, but differs from it in the colouring of the mandibles, and in the bill being much 
smaller in proportion to the body; the tail is proportionally shorter than is found in any other species, with 
the exception of Ramph. Toco, which in every other respect widely differs from it. 


| Neh, a if AS 


sige to uti + vscinenah | 7 


4 le 
a} i 


pat eae ee ig, 


wei whenieh:. ‘Sige fi si eeea s aayaaye aca ia ae aay x Rilharne'A 
Wer el valet iylione Gta. anny’ Maye al, a \otia as 
vey hae (= Ha ‘ ey he wi "3 Aa wear Vaee 


_ 


Fe 


et ot ‘S A iw ae dll 
basal is alle 
et ue ad 
To ee ‘a «{ Var. 
aptigh. TRO ta lo. tant 


ever ara oul rk liga WN eh 


Ai 


yey he thou, Sean binges, abet Gus, a anit aa it 


Sante. vlan lt teong, be Tianhe Oh aA 4 dada tkudat mune at j. pee 
sinsian alhapsey Iola in wri ured ‘ants Hivlele vi tes, er caNeH eae. te Eat 
seth itt vith PR yy ted «eet ett ow mili, Meat wht Mumia 
Avi ait it hap Hannah iawn’ aM: Neary “initio, find: OF 
A Hd ak fauth Sattoe otk faite J Tenens bevaney sl nial ot at , dualtl! ah 
many, els. vit it alte ta ‘tye, CRS ify as Mey, hia lnaaatatne Ar 
. | A rate St ate iv er a tn Ay io) Aatyeo ating nae sR 
i a a i eth LO | ten iar of (ch oft Lye vant Ay URL ager | ith valli te 
S wt it ean ‘i Yon ip Iyer wie i ncngh a wi Sayin | ke Se aly | 


Pari , 


Yin 
By 


Drowm fiom Naive b on Stone ty Th b: Goud, 


i pall Z 


Osculant Toucan. — 


RAMPHASTOS OSCULANS. , 
) 


Printed by C Hodlmaadd. 


RAMPHASTOS OSCULANS. 


Osculant ‘Toucan. 


Ramph. rostro aterrimo, culmine fascidque intra-basali stramineis : ater ; pectore in medio auran- 
tiaco, latera versus in flavescentem transeunte, gula regroneque parotica albis; lined pectus 


posticé cingente crissoque coccineis ; uropygio sulphureo ; orbitce pedesque caeruleo-plumber. 


Bill fine jet black with a basal margin and broad culmenal band of dull straw yellow ; the 
ridge round the base of the bill black; whole of the upper surface jet black with the 
exception of the upper tail-coverts which are sulphur yellow ; chest orange yellow in the 
middle fading off into light yellow on its edges, which latter colour is lost in the white 
which occupies the throat and ear-coverts; under tail-coverts and a narrow band which 
bounds the white of the chest scarlet ; the remainder of the under surface and tail black ; 
feet and naked skin round the eye bluish lead colour. 


Total length, 18 inches ; dz// about 42; wings, 7+; tad, 62; tarse, 1%. 


Ramphastos osculans. Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part IIT. 


WE find in this interesting species of Toucan a union of the peculiar characters of several other species, for 
which reason I have given it the specific appellative of osculans. The bill and upper tail-coverts resemble 
those parts of Ramph. culminatus and Ramph. Cuvieri; the breast is like that of Ramph. Vitellinus ; and 
in the narrow scarlet band on the chest, it bears an affinity to Ramph. Swainsoni. 

The great variety of colouring which ornaments this new species renders it one of the most pleasing and 
elegant of the genus: in size it approximates to Ramph. Vitellinus and Ramph. Ariel. 

I am indebted for this fine bird, as also for others, to the treasures of the Vienna collection, which contains 
two specimens, one fully adult, and another, although in size nearly equal to its companion, evidently a young 
bird, as was most clearly proved by the undeveloped state of the beak. 

The country whence these valuable specimens were brought is stated to be Brazil, but from what particular 
district I was unable to ascertain. 


Rie 
MAME it 
at i i 


eh my etatl 
fam 


Tat 


Re iy 


ee 


Straten genet 


nee? 


ah. 


ec 


Toeo Touc 


Printed by C Biman” 


RAMPHASTOS TOCQ, Auct. 


Toco Toucan. 


Specirric CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro aurantiaco ; fascia basali maculaque oval utrmque ad apicem mandibule superroris 
migris: ater; uurtbus, gula, pectore, caudeque tectricibus superioribus albis ; inferioribus 
coccinets. 


Variat torque angusta coccinea. 


Beak rich orange, with a basal band of black, and a broad oval spot of the same colour on each 
side of the tip of the upper mandible ; irides red; eyelids blue ; naked space around the 
eyes red; top of the head and the whole of the plumage deep black, with the exception 
of the ear-coverts, throat, chest, and upper tail-coverts, which are white, and the under 
tail-coverts, which are scarlet; tarsi dull blue. In some examples, the white of the chest is 
bordered by a narrow line of scarlet. 

Total length, 27 inches; bell, 7+; wengs, 10; taal, 7; tarsz, 2. 


Toucan de Cayenne, appellé Toco. Buff., Pl. Enl., n. 82. 
Ramphastos Toco. Auct. 
Le Toco. Levaill., Ois. de Parad., 2.p.7.t.2. Azar. n. 50. 


Turis magnificent species’is one of the largest of the genus, and is remarkable for possessing a bill perhaps 
more disproportionate in size than is found in any other, by which circumstance and the rich colouring of the 
mandibles it may be at once distinguished. I would here also observe, that it seems to differ slightly from 
the rest of the Toucans, in having an unusually short and square tail, covered at its base by large white 
feathers. A few years ago this was a species rarely found in cabinets of natural history ; latterly, however, it 
has been brought over more abundantly, and may now be met with in every museum of any extent. Though 
the Ramphastos Toco has the widest range of any species, being distributed throughout the whole of the wooded 
districts from the River Plate to Guiana, it is but thinly dispersed, and, according to the information afforded 
me by my friend Dr. Such, is extremely shy, and not procured without considerable difficulty, keeping to the’ 
tops of the highest trees, and exercising the utmost wariness and caution. 

As with the rest of the genus, fruits compose the principal part of its food, and among these, it is said to 
be extremely partial to the banana. 

The sexes offer little or no difference in colour, but the female may be always distinguished by her smaller 
size, and the comparatively inferior dimensions of the beak. The general colours of the young are also 
similar, but the beak is of course less developed, and is a considerable time before it attains its rich colouring 
and perfect size. 


re gravee 


ra 1} One at hig eas ; ia 
aay! ave Se \ vatyy 5 OV 


way Solos hts patkiian : join 
ERE 


eae wiresy fevin te: 


rs 
' 


wy thtive ne { ‘oky darth, 
dt he qi: i to while, 
i ? 


wy 


‘ae’ te ce t . Fis Wee f a 
gh a ab M raed a 4 ' d , ’ 
SEO! APA Te ies lt 1 
vant duet 

el leprae © 


Aranol nto 


wo det 


el we SAvANAchonane’ "5 


ee eee ee 


& sede yas ai sa Gi Map aia a on xsi 
vf hinow £. 


yitorenne mh oirel| wt Rr, sith’ afi spi <a 


j salts jo. Bn « vids, 0 age wy 


mae tea har 
uth peshiien faodtio 4 oa nakereni- Seog mt fe aia re % hi 
irony. ath ae CEN wee payers set. we fort sl Atew ; 


1 -* 


"Mi TAtD oD 


seu aut a posers sobs (onan dy fo 
er fh + haqtiven aent: nate os tt Fail hie 


Ley 
iy a A 
Us 
t iy ad 


ut 


RAMPHASTOS CARINATUS:(Swains) 
Sharp-billed Toucan. 


ven fsre Waiure Lon Stone by J be £, Gould: 4 Lrinted $y C iudimanae 


RAMPHASTOS CARINATUS, Swainson. 


Sharp-billed Toucan. 


Sprcrric CHaRractTER. 


Ramph. rostro elongato, compresso, fascid angusté nigra basalt circumdato, apice sanguzneo ; 
mandibula superiore viridi, culmine maculaque utrinque aurantio-flavis ; mferiore ceruled 
viridi tinct: ater, nitidus, cervice rufo partim tincto; gutture pectoreque luters ; fascrd 


pectoralt tectricabusque caudee infertoribus cocciners ; uropygio albo. 


Beak very long and compressed laterally, with a narrow marginal band of black at the base ; 
upper mandible green, with a spot of orange yellow on each side and a line of the same 
colour extending along the culmen throughout its whole length; lower mandible blue 
shaded with green; tips red; naked skin round the eye, tarsus, and toes violet; eyes 
light green; throat and breast delicate lemon yellow; pectoral band and under iail- 
coverts scarlet; uropygium white; the remainder of the plumage shining black, with a 
slight tinge of rufous on the back of the neck. 

Total length, 20 inches ; bed/, 6. 


Brazihan Pie. Edw., vol. 2. t. 64. 

Yellow-breasted Toucan, Edw., vol. 3. p. 253. t. 329, (adult). 
Ramphastos Tucanus.? Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. 8. p. 362. 
Ramphastos carinatus. Swains., Zool. Illus., vol. 1. pl. 45. 


Tuer are at present only two or three examples of this species of Toucan in the Museums of this country. 
The Royal collection at Berlin, however, afforded the opportunity of examining a series of specimens at 
one view, the minute imspection of which convinced me that, like most other species, especially those whose 
beaks are characterized by a variety of delicate tints, the colours of the mandibles of the present species, as 
well as the naked skin round the eye, undergo considerable change after death ; still it is easy to observe that 
the original colour is very different in different individuals, whence I am led to conclude that the colours of 
the beak are greatly influenced by the season of the year, and are doubtless in the finest and most brilliant 
state during the time of pairing. In some examples the orange spot on the sides of the bill is almost wanting, 
and in others divided into a succession of small ones, or dilated into a broad band, occupying nearly the whole 
length of the mandible ; but notwithstanding these variations, the present bird possesses specific characters 
which readily distinguish it ; these consist of the carinated form of the upper mandible, the culmen of which 
is invariably yellow, bordered round its base by a narrow edging of black. 

It is certain that Edwards saw this bird in a living state in the year 1759, and described it under the name 
of the Yellow-breasted Toucan. His details and figure are characterized by the accuracy which is usually 
found in the writings of that talented naturalist : he states that it was brought to this country from Jamaica, 
where it was in all probability received from the adjacent continent. Speaking of its bill, he observes, that 
the drawing from life of one bird of this genus is worth ten from dead specimens, as the bills always lose, 
after death, their natural beautiful hues. In vol. 2, pl. 64, is another drawing and description of a Toucan, 
which he has called the Brazilian Pie. This bird was also received from Jamaica, and in my opinion is 
identical with the present species, from which it is only distinguished by the colour of the throat, which is 
white or cream-colour, the result in all probability of disease or weakness. Mr. Swainson is the only author 
who has done strict justice to the present bird since the days of Edwards, by publishing a reduced figure in his 
“* Zoological Illustrations ”; but although he quotes Edwards as the first who has noticed this bird, he is silent 
as to the other figure alluded to. It is not figured by Le Vaillant. 

The specimens in the Zoological Society’s Museum and in the Berlin collection are from the southern 
provinces of Mexico, which may be considered its true and natural habitat. 

It is called Pito canoa by the inhabitants of Mexico. 


Rivage 


e A ' . . : . ie b : ¢> ws a. a7 ce “’ * oat 
WA oe ees S| " P fh : mh ah yAPTy. “ 0 anh %) bah souinpiahiy yeh Ay POY ae Ay ws * 4 
> aa hig) YER Qa aa iy sen see tieay % or 7 SORA pte eel Fae Se 
& - 7 WW it s) y rT 
T¢ ., 5 i . . : . “* \ * * 
wf yu . Sys eck Ni i 


‘ 4 : ‘ he ee . \ ye 
; ’ Pe APetrer’ 4 voters ae ate reanacrnens Tek: (ah PES¥ sreatt 
' REELS EY SS UVC aaa Hi i 
£ 7 q , p 1 


ayy bas j sunt } ii tal ne yrrtet dint er. 1% notionile y fteeislf ult 
\ y : . . f 7 ¢ ee ; : 7 : ; if Ege! is 
i _ : pos tr ee 
te . . ta nfdashicans oon ano ald Biot, coda. hod: 

i t "th ‘ . ‘ 44 ‘ 

+ : Jani ; } my i : 

, Bi vy ara 

. f % : : un | { it i re hh ? mies! Tres r “be Bo) ie 8 adit boli ery ; 

; im ‘ « - ¥ ¢ relat atid ; : Ss ap Hh ee 
is : a ails . feid-tqanarit oft enor? 4 e paras i: ud s olitiesnmt aut Abdi 
: A ; 9 ‘a ’ fois 8 ald fey “easereete 4 He on Lesteuclt 4 ‘te “tages 9 oad F iF dalingaivatls ielihiist ry 

: # joshl oe eaiele were yd a in att (sett stabriodt ee o 
7 | : : =: . 7 re. ed 
Pie ee oi ate ae haere aaah set We ane aids cciey abraannlad. 15 
Re PO Ee are nn adv ad basaenhds: oie: aire ban nett | a mts oil? Yo. 
Po aw at he sored a¢ w it ed hese od versa ie weniid deit8 ie. raaitiny ast it 
il eid epevcukes:aggh Ale ised alenditaady mn ethieewelt: etna havisoss ‘gradi dunn iis bE 28 a ANE. 
‘. iad rex Pecool EE: AO, HET: er ied Re oben » aioli 7 out nor ieaherwthi ont 


gaol ia gost 


# id ad hsruh; vat haat a Pah 


HASTOS SWAINSONTI. 


Swainsons Toucan. | 


RAMPHASTOS SWAINSONII. 


Swainson’s Toucan. 


Spectric CHARACTER. 


Ramph. mandibule superioris basi infernée infertorisque basi tota rufis; hujus apice linedque 
obliquaé a rictu ad frontem extensa nigris; superioris culmine parteque antic flavis: ater, 
vertice nuchaque rufo parum tinctis; gutture lutescenti-flaco, abdomen versus lined alba 
alterdique coccinea cincto ; tectrictbus caudcee superioribus albis, ifertortbus cocciners. 

Rostrum pro tempestate bicolor tantum ; mandibula inferiore superroreque obliqué et inferneé 


basin versus nigris ; hac ad apicem superneque flava. 


The base of the lower part of the upper mandible, as well as the entire base of the under, is of 
a rich salmon colour, bounded by a narrow line of black on the former, the point of the 
lower being entirely black ; the remainder of the upper mandible, from the forehead to the 
point, of a rich orange yellow ; throat lemon yellow bounded on the breast by a narrow 
band of white, which is succeeded by a broader one of scarlet; the head, the back of the 
neck, the whole of the upper and under surface, deep black; under tail-coverts scarlet, 
upper ones white ; legs and feet lead colour. 

In a different season the salmon colour towards the base of the mandibles is entirely wanting, 
its place being occupied by a dull black, only less intense than that of the oblique line 
which borders it. 

Total length, 18 inches; ¢az/, 65; wings, 9; tarsi, 13; length of the bell, 5+ to 6. 


Tocard? Le Vaill., Ois. de Parad., vol. 2. pl. 9. 
Ramphastos ambiguus? Swains., Zool. Ilus., pl. 168. 
Ramphastos Swainsoni. Gould, Proceedings of the Zool. Soc., part 1. p. 69. 


Tue changes which the colours of the bill undergo in this race of birds during the living state are at length 
beginning to be understood ; and the present species is well adapted to illustrate the extent of variation 
which occurs, probably at different seasons. Were it not for a knowledge of these changes, the birds in the 
Plate before us might be regarded as two species ; but their identity is fully proved by a series of specimens 
in my possession, which exhibit a gradual transition from one colour to the other. 

From the Ramphastos ambiguus of Mr. Swainson, a species which I have referred to with doubt as synony- 
- mous with the present, the distinction rests on the less extension forwards of the black of the upper 
mandible. In the figure published by that gentleman, the black of the lower margin of the bill reaches to 
the tip, and gives off near its anterior part small subtransverse bars of the same colour. In the present 
species, on the contrary, the black stops short of the tip fully one third of the length of the bill; and the 
bars are absent. Mr. Swainson’s figure also represents an oblique dash of green on the side of the bill ; but 
this is probably of no importance, and depends on incipient change after death in the brilliant yellow of 
that part: in one of my specimens there are on one side irregular blotches of green which are entirely wanting 
on the other. ' In all other respects the closest resemblance obtains between the two birds. 

I am not aware that any specimen of Mr. Swainson’s bird is in existence. His authority for it was a draw- 
ing (stated to have been taken from the bird just dead,) by an unknown artist, for whose general accuracy, 
however, he was enabled to vouch. It is barely possible that a slip of the pencil may have produced the 
difference of colouring which has just been pomted out; but this would be an assumption on which I am not 
disposed to rely. I therefore regard the present bird as distinct. In dedicating it to Mr. Swainson, I trust 
that he will receive it as a testimony of the high estimation I entertain for his scientific attainments in the 
studies of nature and his researches in this particular group. 

The Tocard of Le Vaillant represents a state of plumage I have never seen. It agrees with the present 
bird in every respect except in the colour of the throat and chest, which is represented as white. It is most 
probable that this is owing to the fading of the delicate lemon yellow of that part in an individual of the 
present species, perhaps from exposure to air or to a strong light. 

The &. Swainsonit was received by me from Mr. Christie of Popayan, in Columbia: I have also received a 
specimen from South Mexico. Its habitat appears extended along the Andes and the diverging chains inter- 
vening between those places. 


i : < My ne 
hima 


- a 


*. 
TOA 


ae ei as WHER” salt were shin awa. 


ESTE ONT MEE Y bn ‘Want w thy ido 
Aire’ Queliaatee, saeens 
oy) autres 


any mae tet eres | 


. 


ae uti | 


i gilt conte 
iftier mutant: 
 oldifnen 

fwweat epi «nti 
hs 4 eoivqe 
val vin chad 
f, él eit. 
metut ga yiri ‘ ' ni: vans sieht 
ear " he ih ol. srashie arly tra 
Ca t stewie tow. ceed! 
weal oot fegtenba) gal 
hee naw ott siestoorwacsil 
wea jyurenks sy worn let’ Tmt py. 
witha! - on of sieges aes 
wit ‘ats toe vaoarieet. AK. a wd Fie bl [hinge ab teat 
sah eee “iit wn let 1 Bunt baw’ * wate ‘te i 
mae afer paired ait tie’ at’ ‘fa dake! aT... 
tc at gutless wit i yp v0 Sosqetet ore aie 
ig hh: ix. 1G poled 23 ail vi yihien ai eat ayil sere 
iw & Od 40, ‘in of “tne WKS mit ryatleey nisin § 
eT, Rot Wa inert h avi vert ont qd beelasde any Seoul, Sot? | 


ofl? arr, Sol hen wraengifa sie heel wit thar iit pret 


; Pao y iH i 
: ne 


Ni 
hy 


maa cb 

ae 
Lion ve 
Rifai 


mw yee " 
mot i * 


sier 


inp 
rd 


Liver teh ve 


RAMPHASTOS VITELLINU S. (ikgen). 
Sulphur-and-white-breasted Toucan. 


RAMPHASTOS VITELLINUS, Miger. 


Sulphur-and-white-breasted ‘Toucan. 


SPECIFIC CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro nigro, fascia basali cceruleo-cana postice lined mgra cinctd: niger; pectore 
aurantiaco-flaco in album ad latera et anticé transeunte ; torque pectorali caudcque 


tectricibus coccineis. 


Beak black, with a basal band of greyish blue bounded posteriorly by a narrow band of black ; 
naked space round the eye blueish lead colour; general plumage black; breast orange 
yellow in the centre, becoming gradually paler towards the side, where it is quite white, 
especially on the cheeks and throat; the orange colour of the breast is bounded by a 
pectoral band of scarlet, the upper and under tail-coverts being of the same colour. 


Total length, 17 or 18 inches; bell, 5; wings, 7; tail, 62; tarsz, 1%. 


Le Pignancoin. Levaill., Ois. de Parad., vol. 2. pl. 7. 
Ramphastos vitelinus. llig.—Lichtenst—Swains., Zool. [llust., vol. 1. p. 56. 


Were it not that the blue band at the base of the beak fades immediately after death, the present species 
would be easily distinguished: independently of this, however, the white ear-coverts and sides of the chest 
. are sufficiently characteristic to distinguish it from all others. It appears to have been separated from the rest 
of its genus by Illiger, and has been figured by Mr. Swainson in his ‘‘ Zoological Illustrations.” It inhabits 
Surinam, Cayenne, Guiana, and the borders of the Amazon, in which countries its beautiful yellow chest is 
held in high esteem by the natives, by whom its skin is often prepared for ornaments. 


- a ; Hee | | ‘ “oh fe eu a a i 


‘oes : react 79 ft ee vivetased ; 
os en ise Soni T 4 ort Sitio Ss odlireay’s Meagh Bisa: sey an col era: : a 
: ; nt ¥ atkins Hs wt ive “oid ‘ a} Avent a (ay Ah wert hs matte - et oontimrogg { i Pelt 
F . : i eau i nS ao Sean many al Fein sat alle 
cee ' re, a ie i} ae 
doa Yo baad Weda ave (hort babii sill papy ry ta tin tie ‘iene devihle tek Oy babel ied 
eta: one 3 AT, 7 ae BD sawisley lyyr uve ) twoline fe al da’ elit ai ? walt beret i) mong’ ‘baititin th Pee ; 
= ; . diy oti se Si epadey” ahin ail abvieetod 1H “ey illinbisry BHaioood Ab hha Hilt! fi wollng. : i 
F i ; eva fig mien a Fae ‘ote quik #4) Mig ic olf { fetal fay ade iil elt’ La] “altos, ” teaete ae a 
: dean wT Te j 


a ty hI Ghiet abiayanie Wahid fave Be yf akin: ta’ anid Cee ae te a ra 
f ai a Mia Sardi Ai <a F abhi bebe : 


7 


we ‘ + 


‘ 1) 5 y ; ay Att 5, 


; : , Mts 
* an ay f ; : ; e 4 aa ie 4 q § al ; mis Pa | if Hak j Ahi ’ wie that 8 ne hi; ‘ x ’ . 
= ‘ 7 : ; in, mien, ie Tt : “), 4 *, Aneel td eh a pill Sibi au Vet ne ¥ raj 
+ : oe =a” ll | sia ; ay ae a ie cin | at es Dy, 4" int ‘ 
i} : . if a aS a) - oy e i 
iv, ; ; - " 7 . a ' _ : : “a ve f Guan ’ 
1 : ; beg " 
hi tas < | shooy Patieany. sel HS wali YEReiiinitiie etna dese Set Te bene ai Ah: fi ail otha "Ww he: jae ae a 
nr p ‘ We sy i 


eae LAP premiered WE cenit Mis: aunt ie Raiiye pgtly w, i xe ; ah i 
Sicilia > “alesg lenigalioe’ ail ot Qe att WW berianyit: irooch wat Bo oni os 
; ie ts yyesd] ay, fetus G, abt we mea y He nicdve. i osnip ih: rit Ww. enabritd oriy a mae 
) Meta, ete ot 


" ot haahigtetaagot Dina on sh af ni bel a 


ik: ; . VaR ban! nt ne 


ay ‘4 : ; i Teil} 93) 7 Hin -MgyGoayy atelier : it? Oat Pile to. dinthiadsin: slau thine aid iliac mi pe ed i 


te 


= 


RAMPHASTOS ARIEL;(Vig)). 
TUCANUS;(Linn:?) 
Ariel Touean. 


Drawn pom Lave & on Stone by J &£, Could. é Lronteds by C Hadimandie: 


RAMPHASTOS ARIEL, Vigors. 
TUCANUS, Linné? 


Ariel Toucan. 


Speciric CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro migro, fascia basal sulphured, culmine ad basin ceruleo: ater; guld genis 
guttureque aurantio-luters, hujus margine mfertore sulphureo, regione pertophthalmica nuda 


miniacea, fascia pectorals crisso uropygioque cocciners. 


Beak black, with a basal band of rich yellow; culmen for half its length greyish blue ; 
throat and breast rich orange yellow, becoming paler on its outer edges; below the orange 
of the breast extends a narrow belt of straw yellow, which is succeeded by a broader one 
of scarlet, which is the colour of the upper and under tail-coverts; the whole of the 
remaining plumage of both the upper and under surface of a profound black; bare skin 
round the eye scarlet; irides blue ; tarsi lead colour. 


Total length, 18 inches; wings, 7+; taal, 6; ¢arsz, 1%. 


Ramphastos Tucanus. Linn.? 

Le Toucan de Para de l Amérique méridionale. Vieill., Gal. des Ois., Suppl. 
Toucan Brasiliensis gutture luteo? Briss., Orn., vol. 4. p. 419. pl. 32. fig. 1. 
Le Toucan a gorge jaune du Bresil. Bufl., Pl. Enl. n. 307. 

Ramphastos Temminchii? Wagler, Syst. Avium. 

——— Ariel. Vigors, in Zool. Journ., vol. 2. p. 466. 


Tusre is no one species of the family of Toucans that is more common in our museums, or better known, 
than the present; yet, strange to say, none is involved in greater confusion: and this confusion appears to 
have arisen from one author having taken his characters from the description of another, without having 
instituted any examination for himself. Instead of going into a detailed history of this tissue of confusion, I 
would rather refer my readers to the elaborate paper on the subject by N. A. Vigors, Esq., M.P., in the 
“ Zoological Journal,” vol. 2. p. 466. For myself, I cannot help suspecting that, notwithstanding the yellow 
upper tail-coverts described by Linnzeus as characteristic of Ramphastos Tucanus, the present bird is in reality 
identical with that species ; and I am the more inclined to believe this, as no such bird exists in any museum, 
as far as I have been able to ascertain. However, upon referring to the works of Linneus, Brisson, and 
Wagler, the reader may satisfy himself respecting the uncertainty which hangs over the nomenclature of the 
bird in question. 

An example of this beautiful species lived in the possession of Mr. Vigors for eight years. 

It is extremely common in the Brazils, whence it is dispersed throughout the greater part of South 
America. 


Pan 


ha ot (el Wak oee a a : 


=") 


7 x 7 A ‘ p - 7 ' ‘ 4 


el Hi a. ; a em marianne oS aia and eye ena 7 sche ns om ‘ae 
ne a. Wha Aw vomherys aay \ ( ae | | 
Me ahvewera* i uy wie rw is Wee, vane, a peer | ae 


tae . i stand ats , wey BHO vets re Crus Aah oink save vrat aateadmviny, ota, oo 2, foi 
| arnioe Spohn emo iran SioseX, ddicaniwine . 


a . gall” deter diseord sth Vork wih) aoenfen Peale doi a beset Flows at ‘fi hiv bat balet ‘dyotk ar a 


ene oft wolad cbs tate art an tale pain sane cwallog grunt oie tamara bevel snout or ; 7 ; voy ie 


+e : iorpbeuid ae boleandase At dyiclue, eel lee seit ited ‘orn & abet fagvull ah Sees an). 
; td mst ui) 62 aera Jos ueshyee bir. * vscpey aly te hae Pet ailf ai doidtve Satrcn 5 = By) 
a nf 2; donk bodgiows 2 To, soaleie vebeat beta dope sdb dont te srgiiessseley iisinraie fe EE : ety 
ce ‘ : f ! : are t, 4 adler) best tery ‘ «dtd dobeeud ; { tobraan Ea ad oul hutiot | : 7 oe 4 2 
a a . eden 1 honk 72% ae a Bh dayaat tani aeiaae 
d | | | - rae ; oa \ egy 
E | . | . t: | ; $ anid mre untaasquenst . ; wi te 
, reagy fh roe, wal faye lftai. absieoiboectal ayy) laws. A shy wen" ow oon eh © 
Hi n ‘ Mu ; f 4 is are & " t } iA ri “spt i ay > TA a aadats, Losi SCHEMA, Arrant ene: @ onan J koe it a : 
a ae ee , 1 ee en reo | Was Austr, uy mene, anos, nt andl a ¥ ape 2 ei 
ive : hoe aunts inyH saline W “Lrelonetenes l * yo nega: wai 
i - - | i 4g flee, exw Lio ai oN a | ee 
M4 ; ; | ; Ny | ere = | | M | r i 
| i : : opto dantied 1) .acuetisgeren ney al WOME éyiiveur ot diet sn alii aft eoinone frig, Ont ai of dail 
ee | ! ot cage diolettas: all baw (Hoteles cates ii feyelerret ef statin yest OF. agairita a, i tog ‘at andy Ate 
y ; 4 f ia 7 lt “ st poate, | su turkey nents iy, maak ‘wratachors eid waded paivadt tilton a0 uredl nahi. aval ; Bs | 1% 
a OE sabiastion) Ta ahaads side rietell. halfitoby oink: piel To barat Meaitiiel epitaurimneee yee. botetizeri, 7%. ae 
a ; dlp E14, path ag av. a eestine oft nto Wray ssimuidtuta oe) 68 eobhion yay Blo Toiltey” hiqows eee 


‘I silt’ od ynibontudiinten ioe wri nota lat sone E citaety oP * NE tox *Jaminyl- fnatgolsos ae 
oN Wik “) , sta at eb tisiel jovarHy ott pense Y zeae Nor siteiadipirT 1 eocnanid Lyd hadivoaoh eryvos-lind Tage: ae 

| i ierpdehs yan: al cletes freed dea ont es att sryilnd oo bystifout ret ult we kha 2 astsoya doatt: daw haotisialie * 
Hite vonaldl , sor wart tw what mkt qth: nue aeronolh ut fuss ‘ot aide avn coved I. at salt an 
it Io atdulasionee gt i ig pads  aaahizegee ant Loctuihaiy + hamiit uiter eons vali aif yx nae i rs 


< va) J 


ale al ei stag iyi or tug aids raineseiy sob 
(Tpit Ta Paley hens sits tage. vain ay He a 


: i 
ee 


ars hae 
- ce 


PHASTOS DICOLORUS 
Red-breasted Toucan. | 


ae y - -  Lrinied by CEalimandd: 


t & cn Stone by BL, Coula. 


RAMPHASTOS DICOLORUS, Line. 


Red-breasted ‘Toucan. 


Speciric CHARACTER. 


Ramph. rostro luteo, marginibus serratis rubris, fascia lata basali nigra : ater chalybeo splendens ; 


pectore aurantiaco, lined sulphured cincto ; abdomine caudceque tectricibus cocciners. 


Beak greenish yellow with red serrated edges, the base of both mandibles surrounded by a broad 
band of black; naked skin round the eye red; the upper parts of the body, wings, tail, 
thighs and vent, black with steel blue reflections; centre of the breast bright orange 
encircled by a band of delicate primrose yellow; the belly, upper and under tail-coverts 
rich scarlet red ; feet and legs blueish lead colour. 

Total length, from 14 to 17 inches; length of b:// from 2% to 3%, breadth at base 13; weng, 7; 


tail, 6; tarsus, 1%. 


Ramphastos dicolorus. Gm. Linn., p. 556. Lath., Ind. Orn., p. 135.2. ‘Turton, vol. 1. p.211. 
Swains., Zool. [lus., vol. 2. pl. 108. Jard. & Selby, Illus. of Orn., vol. 1. pl. xxix. 

Yellow-throated Toucan. Lath., Syn., 1. 325., Gen. Hist. Birds, vol. 2. p. 282. ‘Turton, vol. 1. 
p-211. Brisson, Orn., tom. 4. p.411. pl. 31.f1. Buffon, Pl. Enl., 269. 

Le petit Toucan a ventre rouge. Le Vaill., Hist. Nat. des Toucans, pl. 8. 

Le Tucat. Azar., Voy., 3. p.143.n.51. Wagler, Syst. Avium. 

Ramphastos Tucat. Lichtenst., Catal., p. 7. 

Ramphastos chlororhynchus. ‘Temm., Man. dOrn. 


OrnirHotocists of the present day are induced to consider the bird here figured as referrible to the 
Ramphastos dicolorus of Linnzeus; and without venturing to question the accuracy of this opinion, it must 
nevertheless be observed that the specific term is somewhat inapplicable to a bird possessing three decided 
and conspicuous colours. This species has been illustrated by Sir W. Jardine and Mr. Selby, in their valuable 
“Illustrations of Ornithology,” as a typical example of the true Toucans; in which publication will also be 
found a somewhat lengthened description, as well as an account of the general habits and manners, of the 
species comprising this family. 

The Ramphastos dicolorus may be readily distinguished from all other species by several prominent characters. 
It is the smallest of the genus, and in the colour and development of the bill much variety exists. 

To the want of opportunity of examining a series of specimens at one time may be attributed the confusion 
in the nomenclature with respect to this bird. I am fully persuaded, however, that these changes are entirely 
attendant on age, sex, or season. The females have always the shorter bill and rather less brilliant colouring, 
offering also in stature the same disproportion, independent of which no other external differences are to be 
discovered, and these even are so trifling as scarcely to indicate the female without actual dissection. 

The young bird, which is represented in the lower figure, is barely arrived at that period at which it is 
capable of providing for its own wants; the bill at this age is extremely delicate in texture, and is so soft and 
yielding as to require food of the most pulpy and nutritious nature, in all probability fruits, larvee of insects, &c. 
Even at this youthful stage the plumage has assumed its perfect colouring, and the tints are scarcely less 
brilliant than those of the adult: in this particular the family of Ramphastide closely resemble the Fissirostral 
birds, and like them lay white eggs, and incubate in holes or dark recesses. 

The present species is extensively spread over the Brazils. It has been received from Rio de Janeiro, 
Bahia, and Paraguay. 


, san Ai : auiates is ied 
‘te nid eo i 0. 66 Redes ; 


Sins oeabinrtn aul AEH 


ma hs ¥ i =S 


Bros. vd Bobaaneiahanee deel Yooh el ite batesia af inden me et 
| ‘int agaber orbod oy to tug isqq : okt ; i box oye ad! bavior aide beaten jaosld Yo band ~ ih 0 
ove tagind tenond gilt Yo extseo renoitvelion. ould lente ditw donald tus bug sgids © 0 
rveyroordias whew bas stad i" celled i od 2 wolloy snob ateolish Yo hasd’ yd belotioaa - } 7 ct Ane 
| Preys clos bsol deiould agol baw test phot tobe dois. 
i vest : 22 seus td dibosid 65 69 48 wort Wad te ens mai Lady ilgacy ae beet AS + ae nll 
i ; "7, Se 
a ” te lor natal 2 Sem eAO. tid cdhcd-DES glad ed antieini | a 
ma | a {tov ot Sd ail olin? 6 bush OOK bey 8. lov ealll fooX aniowl : fe 4 
: . al Jew sere)’ Gam a & Jove shud Je aan) edtt.: Lae eihtial bao E Sinelanaitlig a ios mo 
ee 5.) kre» 908 lack IT a0 418g ID g 4 010) oO omit Steg Fe «ae 
5 8 In puro adeein ry Att HiT al _pSyMor Sess & sepa Stag 5. is o a f - ‘a 


AG : guna: 2 walgit AS BBL g 8 .yoV ash fo 
ieee | | | | Tq lated senorita inosflt soveailagun i Ba i 
cs on, . aa Ore ee aati ssa abso ey 


ins : pee aN om age eee F 
’ 


: J ‘ 

i bs 7 

is 
rf j : ig : % y oe “ c 
: f oi ; ett A eit eae : ma 

. 7 : 

4 \ : : . ' ; oy 

‘ = : ; : 


: 


| ; ae ee a. hong saad rr ould 1ehiaaés ot Lsatcl 91 os Saneoneg ait lo ereiacsanrginathh- es j 
te | | isk te tintielye 2D le Yaminwon oi sdideoup ob patios’ Iodtta bag, ; quinn Yo aewlouds 2d¥inlysenth py e 7 ia 
* - hublasly, sydd yuisasewarg Wruld a 99 oldgoilyqnai suchustitoe al oriay sitisage oi) tedlt bowwedo ad aesladtherren, 13 ish 
: . ovisiinx vedd at. ee aah boa suibink. W 12 w Ieatertesplli asad. vac esinoga oi ‘irons exoiaane bale ri. he 
- i ty at wel be acing ling dolibs al ;aassue'l sud alt to olniase lssigys ¢ an“ " axel bch sath ast 
f | : WL Ye emus bir ideal letsnag ait to 2an0990 04 eis Hos ws ohare baaslogaal knee i 


33 | 7 rae Wana ale godaisqanes a Be 


ie . eeiooil taint ny asthe id wibabe wits seh Rachid gods hots ot edna nel ‘ oft | 

j | sdaber Gotu * dum lid odo Ws macagotorsh baa woke al ai bees: enemy ad} to: seis jest aaah 

D | frills aulth Ingouide aie a aten Seanht aay dis eacutinage to waive « yoluiiaass to, qaleushogge to how 9 fe hy 

a t BES vieeagrrigs 80k eons ened gest eqranved cbubonartog glist wa t ee eae eee natal 

aes | ae ‘Shesdis su tinl 2d -ealaey buoy, Ged adios gat opawls sya coloaast sof onsite 10 98 938 a 

. ) wD Ob: ong ateniyedieb: incagias ail oe dois Ww inebasgsbal welt 3 coals gurite 

aig alld rae “ane ie Ioan ‘shout alt stsoifiat of Yoouwos as 

oi ae dada sa Douay sett bovinws youd a ound rowol old ak b 

bina, Tita On ef baad wruniied od stuoitab ‘hamttaa ef ope eidt in Wid okt entaow avo. ait ci 
‘cad staan’ to apr asics yididedoug Us ai ada eOTERIOA bus y 

wel dlastase Yow iukt ala pag -gattaclos toghiag ati bsmaueee « 

Ww rare ol cman} ai saetan layin A Yo vliena oi 1 

zouzooer dish 10 Lpdietes 

salt oft it wot ponies ed ond ah ae bec 


Genus Pteroglossus, Mliger. 


CHARACTERES GENERICI. 


Rostrum capite longius, crassum, inane, cultratum, margine basali incrassato ; maxille angulo frontal obtuso : 


tomia serrata: nares supere in mawille basi: lingua angusta, pennacea. Cauda elongata, cuneata. 


Bill longer than the head, thick, light, curved, thickened at the basal margin; the frontal angle obtuse ; the 
margins serrated. Vostrils nearly vertical, situated on the base of the bill. Tongue long, slender, 


feathered. Jail elongated, cuneated. 


ray Ativenk yore aot? 


12H) wea yon wa ul 


» : 


Diba olupnEi Raw i Vonwae instil Meal eta wi ne soup pet lett 


Boe Mba ee Te | wu + tase aici We Mw wee: wing wihediat 


4 


Tautd $a hycowaily domains aia leis porn sila oxi ‘eins Wii 
ult ny hotaudia fwaltienn, vege Winvedi eediinn plang 
_obeptesnuiy Suatingoaly wit wndtast - 


ie 


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PTEROGLOSSUS ARACARI. 
Cayenne Aragari. 


Tren, jron Mature & on Stone ty Jk &. Coubd. Printed by C Leudlinandel: 


PTEROGLOSSUS ARACARI, Auct. 


Cayenne Aracari. 


Specrric CHARACTER. 


Pter. mandibula superiore pallidé stramined, maculé lata culminali migra; infertore mgra ; 
fascia basalt angustd, alba: supra olivaceo-viridis, subtus flavus ; uropygio, abdomine late, 


torqueque angustd interrupta pectoral cocciners ; capite colloque nigris. 


Beak, upper mandible pale straw white, with a broad black culminal mark, the edges slightly 
serrated ; the lower mandible black; both are surrounded by a narrow basal belt of white ; 
head and throat black ; the whole of the upper surface olive green, with the exception of 
the rump, which is red; under surface fine yellow, with a broad abdominal hand of 
scarlet and indications of an interrupted line of the same colour bordering the black of the 
throat ; thighs dull olive, largely blotched with reddish brown. 

Total length, 18 to 19 inches; bell, 4 to 5; wang, 6; taal, 7+; tarsi, 1%. 


Ramphastos Aracart. Auct. 
TL’ Aracari a ceinture rouge. Levaill., Ois. de Parad., 2. p. 29. t. 20. 


I am at a loss to determine whether the present bird, which is a native of Cayenne and Guiana, be identical 
with one from the Brazils, and which, although closely resembling it im colour and size, invariably 
possesses minute characters which at once indicate its country. The variation to which I allude consists in the 
following particulars. The examples from Cayenne have the mandible more attenuated and hooked, the teeth 
more defined, and the black mark on the culmen much more expanded ; the black of the throat is bounded by 
an interrupted line of fine red, which, though it is to be traced in the other, is much more obscure ; the thighs 
also in the present species are dull olive green, with strong dashes of reddish brown, which in many specimens 
predominates so as to obscure the green entirely. In the Brazilian examples, the thighs are wholly green, 
added to which I have invariably found the present bird to be somewhat larger in size. Whether these 
distinctions amount to specific differences, or are to be considered only as variations depending on difference 
of climate and other local circumstances, is a question not easy to determine. I am inclined, however, to 
believe that their being constant and unvarying, forms a good argument for supposing them to be truly 
distinct: be this as it may, I consider this as the first described, and consequently the one to which the term 
Aracari exclusively belongs. 

On turning to the valuable work of Levaillant, we find him censuring Buffon for confounding the present 
with a totally different species, the Péeroglossus viridis, and immediately afterwards doubting whether the 
present bird and one from Peru, with an additional narrow belt of black across the chest (the Aracari a double 
ceinture), be merely varieties or actual species. This Peruvian bird is not, I believe, in existence, nor has any 
other specimen been seen or described. If, however, the drawing be correct, I have no hesitation in saying 
it is distinct, and we have yet to look for it as the reward of future exertions. Levaillant informs us that the 
P. Aracari abounds in Guiana, where it makes great havock in the plantations of bananas, guavas, and even 
of coffee. 

I am indebted to Lord Stanley for a specimen of the immature bird, which is extremely valuable, as showing 
that the young, like the genuine Toucans, acquire the mature colouring of the plumage at an early age, long 
before the beak is fully developed, or has attained its particoloured hues. 

It inhabits Cayenne and Guiana. 


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PTEROGLOSSUS CASTINO APES). 
Chestnut-eared Aragar. 


Frinked ty CFiudlmandel, 


a 


PTEROGLOSSUS CASTANOTIS. 


Chestnut-eared Aracari. 


Sprctric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro depresso ; mandibula supertore stramined, culmine laté nist ad apicem maculaique 
triangulare utringue nigris ; tomis profundeé dentatis, interstitus nigris ; mandibula inferiore 
nigra; fascia basali flava: supra olwaceo-ciridis, subtus sulphureus; capite guttureque 

O 6 4 ° A . N . e . O 5 6 
nigris; regeone parotica Semoribusque saturate castanes ; uropygio, enterscapulio, abdomi- 


nisque fascrd lata coccinets ; tectricibus caude inferioribus sordidé flavis ; remigibus brunneis. 


Beak depressed, of a deep straw yellow, with a broad triangular mark of black along its caudmen 
for two thirds of its length, and a nearly similar mark of black on each side; its edges 
are strongly dentated, the intervals between the notches being black ; the under mandible 
is black throughout; an abrupt line of yellow surrounds the base of the beak ; crown of 
the head, sides of the neck, and throat black ; ear-coverts rich dark chestnut ; whole of the 
upper surface, wings and tail dark olive green ; the whole of the under surface, with the 
exception of a rich band of scarlet which crosses the breast, of a rich lemon yellow, with a 
few slight dashes of scarlet on the breast and under tail-coverts ; upper tail-coverts scarlet ; 
thighs chestnut ; tarsi dark lead colour. 

Total length, 172 inches ; bill, 5; wings, 6+; taal, 7+; tarsz, 1%. 


Pteroglossus custanotis. Gould, Proceedings of the Zool. Soc., Part I. p. 119. 


Ir is not a little remarkable that in a group of birds so limited as the present, so many species, hitherto 
undescribed, should reward the researches which the Monograph has called me to institute. I here introduce 
another new species to the notice of the scientific, which approaches in its general form and colours to the 
Pteroglossus Aracari. It is but recently that I became possessed of this fine species, a notice of which, 
together with its specific characters, will be found in the “‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” Part I. p. 119. 
Its habitat is Brazil, and I would again remark, that if in a country like that, which has been well explored, 
new species are continually discovered to reward the researches of science, how much more may we not expect 
from a laborious scrutiny of those countries of the New World not yet visited by the scientific labourer! 
Although I have designated this bird cas¢anotzs, a title which clearly indicated the bird in my possession, yet 
on examining a specimen of the same species in the Royal Museum of Paris, I found the chestnut, which 
covers the ears only in my specimen, extending round the throat ; but whether this difference is the result of 
age, sex, or season, the limited knowledge I have of the species does not enable me to determine. The Paris 
specimen had the name of P. ditorquatus attached to the pedestal on which it was mounted ; but the true 
P. bitorquatus, for which this bird appeared to have been mistaken, was not in the collection. 


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PTEROGLOSS US REGAILIS; (Lichtenst: ). 
Royal Aragar.. 


Lrinten by C Halimanie: 


*PTEROGLOSSUS REGALIS, Lichtenstein. 


Royal Aracari. 


Sprecrric CHARACTER. 


Pter. mandibula superiore stramined, nigro serrata, culmine nigro; inferiore nigra, fascia 
angusta stramined : olwaceo-viridis ; capite colloque aterrimis ; cervice fascia lunata castanea 
posticé cinctd ; gutture postece coccineo obscure marginato ; corpore infra flavo, sanguineo 

al . A . A 2A A or AN ° . A oe 
maculata ; pectoris macula aterrima, fasciaque atrad postica coccineo marginata ; tectricibus 


caudee inferioribus obscure flavis ; uropygii fascia coccinea ; remigibus brunneis. 


Upper mandible straw yellow, the culmen and serratures black, under mandible black with a 
basal edge of straw yellow ; head, neck, and throat deep black ; asemilunar mark of chestnut 
bounds the back of the neck; the whole of the upper surface and tail olive green; the 
quill-feathers brown ; band across the rump scarlet; the black margin of the upper part 
of the chest is obscurely edged with scarlet, below which on the centre of the breast is a 
deep black mark, and below this again a black band edged with scarlet; thighs rufous; 
ground colour of the under surface of a fine gamboge yellow with numerous stains as if of 
blood; under tail-coverts dull yellow. 

Total length, from 15 to 17 inches; beak, 4 to 4s. 


Tue only example of this bird which I have had an opportunity of examining, was in the Royal Museum at 
Berlin. It is characterized, by M. Lichtenstein as differmg in many essential particulars from P. Aracari, which 
is, however, the only species it could ever be confounded with ; but from this it may at once be distinguished 
by the black bands on the chest, the lunar-shaped mark on the back of the neck, and rufous thighs, none 
of which characters are possessed by the latter. In general size and stature, the two birds agree as closely 
as possible. Although the present is the first figure of the P. regalis which has been published, it has in 
all probability been for some time known on the Continent, but confounded with P. Aracari, of which it may 
be observed that Dr. Latham, in his ‘‘ General History of Birds,” makes it the variety A. The habitat, 
however, of these two birds appears to be very different; the P. regals being an inhabitant of Mexico, while 
the P. Aracari is confined to the Brazils. Both birds are equally typical of the genus, and in all probability 
similar in general habits and manners. 


Called Pretto real by the Spanish people in Mexico. 


Mh Aen 


Lroamnyiirn Marne & i S007 


PTEROGLOSSUS PLURICI 


Many-b anded Aragari. 


AN 


IXY 4 


CTUS. 


Bunted by Calica. 


-PTEROGLOSSUS PLURICINCTUS. 
Many-banded Aracari. 


Sprcrric CHARACTER. 


Mas. Peter. rostro ad basin lined elevata flaca cincto; culmine, lined mandibule superioris intra- 
basali, mandibulaque inferiore mgris; mandibule superiorts lateribus aurantiaco-flavis, 
on flavescenti-albidum apicem versus transeuntibus: olivaceo-viridis ; capite, gula, gutture 
gastroeique fasctis duabus latis, nigris; gastro anticé flavo, coccineo maculato, posticé 
uropygioque cocciners ; crisso pallidé flavo ; orbit pedesque saturate plumbed. 


Fem. Regione parotica brunned ; gutture posticé coccineo cincto. 


Male. A broad band of black advances from the nostrils along the whole of the culmen and 
forms a narrow belt down the sides of the upper mandible at its base; the elevated basal 
margin of the bill is yellow; the sides of the upper mandible beautiful orange yellow, 
fading into yellowish white towards the tip; under mandible wholly black with a yellow 
basal ridge; head, neck, and chest black; whole of the upper surface, except the rump, 
which is scarlet, dark olive green; breast marked with two broad bands of black, the 
upper separated from the throat by an intervening space of yellow dashed with red; a 
similar but broader space separates the two bands of black, the lower of which is 
bounded by scarlet, advancing as far as the thighs, which are brownish olive; under tail- 
coverts light yellow; naked space round the eyes, tarsi, and feet dark lead colour. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the ear-coverts brown and a narrow belt of scarlet 
bordering the black of the throat. 

Total length, 20 inches; bell, 4; wings, 62; tazl, 8+. 


Pteroglossus pluricinctus, Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part III. 


Aurnoues I have not been able to see the identical bird which Le Vaillant described and figured under the 
title of L’Aracari a double ceinture, and which was considered by that naturalist as merely a variety of the 
Common Aracari (Pter. Aracari), still I am induced to believe that it is identical with the present species. 
The extreme rarity of the bird, and the consequent small number of specimens that have reached Europe, 
will in some degree account for the neglect of subsequent writers, who appear either to have entirely over- 
looked it, or to have taken Le Vaillant’s opinion as well grounded. If, however, other observers had had the 
opportunity which I have possessed of examining several specimens, they would, I doubt not, have come 
to the same conclusion as myself, and consider it to be not only a distinct species, but one of the most 
beautiful of the group to which it belongs. I can only attribute Le Vaillant’s error to the circumstance of 
his having most probably seen not more than one or two specimens, and those most likely in an inferior 
condition. Beautiful examples of both sexes form part of the Brazilian collection at Vienna: the sexes were 
ascertained by actual dissection by the celebrated naturalist M. Natterer, who obtained them in the remote 
districts of the Brazilian territory. 


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PTEROGLOSSUS BITORQUATUS, Vigors. 


Double-collared Aracari. 


Spreciric CHaRracrer. 


Pter. mandibulé superiore albescentiflava ; inferiore albidd, fascia obliqua apical mgra: capite 
nigro ; dorso, alts, caudaque olivaceo-viridibus ; guld guttureque castaneis, hoc subtus negro- 

. = A . e . A 
marginato ; torque pectoral angusta, abdomine, crissoque sulphureis; pectore, nucha, 


uropyg toque coccineis. 


Upper mandible whitish yellow, lower white with a black oblique fascia at the apex ; upper 
surface olive green ; top of the head black ; throat and sides of the neck chestnut, terminated 
by a narrow black pectoral band, below which is a similar one of yellow ; breast, back of 
the neck, and rump scarlet; abdomen and under tail-coverts sulphur yellow; thighs olive 


green. 


Total length, 14 inches ; bell, 3. 


Pteroglossus bitorquatus. Vig., in Zool. Journ., vol. 2. p. 481. 


Tue first and only notice of this bird, as far as I am aware, is the one which appeared in the second volume 
of the ‘‘ Zoological Journal,” as above quoted. It is there characterized as a species new to science, by 
Mr. Vigors, from a fine specimen in his possession, but since transferred with the whole of his collection to 
the Museum of the Zoological Society of London. From the two narrow bands, one of yellow, the other of 
black, which partially surround the chest, it received the specific name of ditorguatus, though these colours 
are but partial. 

The Pteroglossus bitorquatus is remarkable, not only for its beauty and elegance of form, but also for its 
extreme rarity. The only individuals I have ever had an opportunity of examining, were, the specimen from 
which the original description was taken; a second, similar in all its characters to the former, which was 
kindly transmitted for my inspection by Lord Stanley; and a third in the Museum at Berlin: the last differed 
in one point from the preceding ones, in wanting the yellow pectoral band, the black edging of the chestnut 
throat bemg succeeded by scarlet ; whether this slight difference is to be regarded as dependent upon sex, age, 
or season, or whether it is an accidental circumstance, the limited knowledge I possess of the species prevents 
my being able to ascertain with satisfaction. 

In point of affinity it is somewhat allied to the Preroglossus ulocomus, possessing as it does a style of 
colouring extremely similar ; and the head, although destitute of the curled appendages, is covered with black 
feathers differmg from the rest of the plumage, the shafts being glossy and bristle-like. This affinity is by no 
means surprising, as we might naturally expect that a character so remarkable as the curled crest of the 
P. ulocomus would not be given to one species without traces appearing in different degrees in others, abrupt- 
ness even in the slightest details being ever repugnant to nature ; and, relying upon these principles, we may 
reasonably anticipate the discovery of species forming a regular graduated series. 

Inhabits Guiana and the Spanish Main. 


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i ‘ oa yet beet wid a Lyvenodayf dyider san oot 2) _Sinwe ave ) eb tht a8 bud silt 16 wottoer | qui fhe 8 tert nt a 0s ee 
ae tae A 2 Z , A Lae e : ; a 4) 
are as. wid sion OF 9 signe 6 a bosristostads ove) etal. .yiiup 9 vods en ‘ laortot lssigolooX » oftvto. om 
: ving wil ‘ty seb sel tin bemnotadal 9 rite. died Mote FeR0G weil cit iors eit & mot. wig f nf: a ' 
J vig Ry - ae i =, ‘ a a . ene 
a, Yorsdto od) orolley Yo ono baad worn ot otk aot mohiwot to ysisor T woigolooN oilt Io cursendf ode 7 
ee qeloy seailt dusodt swlangwi to satan “ones sdi boriosyn fi teads oils bean ovure llotreg dotdve donk <n 
4 ! ; . | a | 5 at -. ” laipesg tad 918 ee 
hn ; ; «ot oale aud -oridt Io soamgels bas qiuesd ati iob yige ten sdastisate BT at anongedd isd polyol CS PP rr _ 
ia 7 vol neues off. sage nines Yo eunrhoqqo 1s be toro gyi I plaobrvibat ¢iao ott optines SasKe oO 


tag et  vlatlw saan? arf of sistomtads et fd wiaellmia |beosse @ ; nodet. enw noigrioeh Inaigio sit dente ~~ 


a , meg REED Aes } ; : 7 aoe 
+ ; ‘teedib tent oft vathsll 46 mu eee odt ni id «ban ; “alii? bial vd noisnanaent yar tot hottimadgtt, ae i 
a ‘al my tuagaods ade to. varchar 398 ld 9 bua nil Is10399q walle an? Tunisie ni eno unibsoay wilt mort titiory a s 1 


ae oa tirobusdqah gs bias ed of ef south tiyila etdt vod iden. dotane yd béboasrue uitisd tools 


ate isyy2 od? to saneang I oghabwoat frsrtianil oil , sotntemicris intindhiaga we ai t- eichtsntvr TO (102898 TO. * 
ea coviiadluitna dsiw nistiosen of olde yoiod em 


eS te alta a. sob ai ae Qeiezoenoy Aatotes + sanaalgos a dil od Boils sertwacnos: et th yinilts. to ttton al ae 
; : ere sgaheaqas belimo:atly Yo stotre ar! dnuodile basil sul feat = Titik ylousstzs yaingolor 
eT eal diLohaind bar quot yuiod astpile alt: aasinale act te tes oilt cort guinsitib ‘wisttnsl fee 
; J ed ; ty ; balun: odd an besiint ay ‘oF qr stitle a tues aes wliaintect: dihyinr- 9 a0 af giving ‘wisoer 5 
ad, ie. + ai di ned aly ees iy iy Sel ee aed ‘soft - enioinys gi ot nhl y toed eta Ifany ret. BAM 
- | F ' ayer oda aut “ganky bo tina's oimindt ak Mt Sr bias ati yi ati stals dorvtulgile wid tot noe Benes “3 
; : wrert het salninte “tafe 6 ynineatt wih aT To. ein dy nt ete eis wate ws - 


ah neh aia eae aad aia ‘ lle iene RA 


Drown from Wature & on Stone by T&F. Contd: 


PTEROGLOSSUS AZAR As (Le Vailly 
Banded Aragari. 


PTEROGLOSSUS AZAR, Wagier. 
Banded Aragari. 


Sprcrric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro stramineo; mandibula superiore pallidiore, nigro serrata : olivaceo-viridis ; capite 
; Sein oe shh 
Nigro ; auribus guldque saturaté castaneis, hac nigro postice cncta ; gutture coccineo ; 


torque pectorali lat, anticé nigra, postice anguste coccined ; ventre flavo ; erisso coccineo. 


Bill clear straw yellow, the upper mandible being the palest, and the serratures of its edges 
marked by dashes of black; top of the head and. occiput black; throat and ear-coverts 
deep mahogany brown, below which extends a semilunar band of black ; to this succeeds 
a broad belt of scarlet, followed by a similar band of jet black, to this again a narrow 
band of scarlet; thighs olive green; the rest of the under surface yellow; upper surface 
olive green, with the exception of the rump, which is scarlet. 


Total length, 15 inches. 


L Aracari Azara. Levaill., Ois. de Parad., Supp. p. 40. t. A. [cited by Wagler. | 
Ramphastos Azara. Vieill., Nouv. Dict. d' Hist. Nat., t. 34. p. 282. 
Pteroglossus Azare. Wagler, Syst. Avium. 


Two examples of this truly beautiful Aragari adorn the national museum of France, which, with one in the 
Munich collection, are, as far as I have been able to ascertain, the only specimens in Europe. In the year 
1825, M. Vieillot published a figure and description of this bird taken, as he himself informs us, from a single 
individual in the gallery of the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle; from which it is apparent that the second 
specimen alluded to, and which is by far the finest, as M. Vieillot’s figure proves, has been subsequently 
acquired. From the extreme rarity in England of the Supplement to Levaillant’s Work, cited by Wagler as 
containing a figure of this bird, I have never been able to see the Plate referred to. 

I visited Paris purposely to inspect and make a drawing of the specimens of this rare bird, in order to 
assure myself of their specific value, and their relative affinities in the group to which they belong. The 
alternate bands of red and black which ornament the breast, together with the uniform colour of the bill, the 
serratures of which alone are marked out with black, at once distinguish it from every other Péeroglossus. 
It may, however, be observed, that in the specimen from which M. Vieillot took his figure, a broad dusky 
dash extends from the base of the upper mandible nearly two thirds of its length, diminishing as it proceeds 
towards the point. It is not clear to me that this indistinct mark is not the indication of an immature bird, 
or it may perhaps be caused by some decomposition after death, the rest of the colouring being neither so fine 
nor so brilliant. I would also remark, that the lower band of scarlet is only slightly indicated. 

The nearest allied species at present discovered is the Preroglossus bitorquatus; but from this it may at 
once be distinguished by the alternate bands across the chest. 

Wagler informs us that the habitat of this bird is Brazil, where it is extremely rare. 


J hie yi bari. 


Mas 


Fit? 


nL a this if 
etuutes stages 


vat, Lae Ht be: 
mover, ¢ feanitltal ie teat 
bveiittix teryreamfion. el" 
J al if iviongebiaily wl amelie 


| isd ne 


iy 


TEROGLOSSUS VIRIDIS. 


[D 
Le 


I 


Green Aragari 


GL 


by 


“len 


RS 


PTEROGLOSSUS VIRIDIS, Swainson. 


Green Aracari. 


SpecrFic CHARACTER. 


Mas. Pter. rostro magno ; mandibuld superiore culmine sordide citrino, subtus lined longitudinali 
nigra a lateribus aurantiaco-flavis discreto ; mandibula infertore violaced, ad basin rosed : 
olivaceo-viridis ; subtus luteus ; capite colloque nigris ; crisso coccineo. 


Foem. Capite colloque castaneis. 


Male. Beak large, culmen regularly arched of a dull lemon yellow, beneath which runs a 
longitudinal streak of black ; the lower portion of the upper mandible orange yellow ; the 
lower mandible violet blue with a roseate base; bare space round the eye, and the legs 
grass green; the whole of the head and throat deep black; wings, back, and tail olive 
green; rump scarlet ; under surface greenish yellow. 

Female. Differs from the male only in having those parts chestnut brown which in the male 
are black. 


Total length, 14 inches; beak, 3; wing, 42; tail, 5; tarsus, 1+. 


Green Toucan. Lath., Syn., 1. 331. 

Toucan verd de Cayenne. Tucana Cayanensis viridis. Briss., Ois., 4. 423. pl. 33. fig. 1. 
Id., Orn., 2. 162. Pl. Enl. 727. mas., 728. foem. 

Pteroglossus viridis. Swains., Zool. Mlust., vol. 3. pl. 169. 


Tue male of this species has been figured by Mr. Swainson in his ‘ Zoological Illustrations,” and depending 
on the usual accuracy with which that gentleman delineates his subjects, I am able to add, from his drawing, 
the natural colouring of the bill and soft parts which ornament the living bird, but which fades almost 
immediately after death, rendering the specimens in our cabinets far less vivid and beautiful than when seen 
in a state of nature. 

The natural habitat of P. wridis appears to be Demerara and the adjacent northern countries of tropical 
America. In these parts it is numerously distributed, and is, in fact, one of the commonest species of the 
genus, there being few collections in Europe without examples of both sexes. 

It will be seen that the present species fully illustrates the character which pervades many of the Aragaris, 
viz. the circumstance of the female having those parts chestnut which in the male are of a glossy black. 

The specific term wridis, applied to this bird, which possesses so many colours, is somewhat inapplicable. 
The robust bill, and the peculiar style of colouring which pervades that organ, easily distinguish it from every 
other species. 

Inhabits Demerara, Guiana, &c. 


| w 2UELALY @UC@OTDORMPE. - > 


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Re : “ j hi rit S204 SIMSAOT thie orta talary olidibe Hit) Thiwei 4 ant 
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i + : end ? : STN | it it ioatinws wil vi Deiwee aad endl eure patil ki olnain anTy avi ies 
4 . °'¢ ; -_ 7 ; ' 1 * ; . Ae : - “ 7 ‘ r f 
; i : i iva Ga 20 SQ AORN REMNeS usaf? doule nary enwege lovdn SH wo oi 
u \ ; : } : . ; 


al = : : vi Hui OL) oH 1G oid MW ein, tie [oayti fine sill ho auriiolos lumina alt ; oh ae 


, vi bon Deva seal al sled oo a) enomiage off porphin algal tin vitnihaunine byl See 
bis OTE (O Se hk 


i + - t : . +. * ‘ A ri : 
ar.) ; wolison. Jyscoiho wb bew eemegtl sd ot eseoyqe ahi A te detided: trotan oft | ata 


ey ; ‘uy ogi ou toll ot @i lke bolodroeih yooowmia a a etig seed) al Jase 
a . a szoa dtd ‘to deli. nGdibw onauel al ‘mrartdallos wes! acted atid) mnie 
ih ? , ‘ : roe - ‘4 ; - Py rhe | 

; ] , > 1 meliny wily valamwds ull sahara yi enimacge tttwverny nal) ted? nase sd | 


Hi odd i doide turiteols etwq seeds yotead stoma od) Wo ssogtenotis edd ain). 


; ‘ : a a at. : ; ‘ Sn re ie es ih 7s 
y oitrolgeset didyomies at evndlod ying, 02 edeasaaoy dorda fru ait ae besibey i Orr srt ofimone Yt 
f : elif 161) salve doula pabuelos Ja afele taduseq alt bac Hid tandoralD —.- ane 
; i a : Se  Aovsane goulto 7 


¥ Pu A alos «A pacd searematl aitdadel. ~~ 


- *y 


F 
| 


ee 


PTEROGLOSSUS HUM BOLDTII;'Wagler). 
Humboldts Aracart. q 


7 
Drawn zroty Nature & on stone ty bt caida, Fradedtyl Zudimanie. 
y 


PTEROGLOSSUS HUMBOLDTII, Wagter. 
Humboldt’s Aracari. 


Sprciric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro majore ; mandibula superiore sordidé flavescenti-aurantiacd, culmine, lined basal 
cingente, maculaque ad singulam serraturam nigris ; mandibula mferiore nigra, ad basin 
pallidée flavescenti-aurantiaco cincta: capite, collo, guld, guttureque ngris ; dorso sordide 
olivaceo ; remigibis nigrescenti-brunneis ; gastro pallidé stramineo viridiscente tincto ; 


ee nN . A ° ° . 
uropygu macula coccined ; orbit tarsique plumber. 


Bill large in proportion to the body; a band of black occupies the culmen from the base to the 
tip; the remainder of the upper mandible of a dull yellowish orange, with the exception 
of an indefinite mark of black which springs from each serrature, and a fine line of the 
same colour surrounding it near the base; lower mandible black, with the exception of 
the base, which is surrounded with pale yellowish orange; the head, back of the neck, 
throat, and chest black; all the upper surface, except a spot of scarlet on the rump, of a 
dull olive ; primaries blackish brown; under surface pale straw yellow with a slight tinge 
of green ; thighs chestnut ; naked space round the eyes and tarsi lead colour. 

Total length, about 16 to 17 inches; b2//, 4; wing, 53; tarl, 63; tarsz, 1%. 


Pteroglossus Humboldti, Wagler, Syst. Avium. 
——_—_—__—_—__—_—+_—— Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part IIT. 


A Fine and, as far as I am aware, an unique example of this species of Pteroglossus forms part of the Cabinet 
of Natural History of Munich, so renowned from the circumstance of its containing the collections formed in 
the Brazils by those scientific travellers Drs. Spix and Martius. This fine collection, which is particularly 
rich in birds pertaining to the present family, was in the most liberal manner thrown open for my investiga- 
tion, when I hailed with pleasure the appearance of the fine species here figured, exhibiting as it does those 
peculiar markings of the bill which had heretofore been confined to one known species only, the Pteroglossus 
enscriptus. Its superiority in size and its black under mandible will at all times serve as a distinctive mark 
between the two species. No information relative to its history and manners appears to have been ascertained, 
further than that it was a male, and received from the Brazils, in all probability from near the Amazon. 


AIPABOE 


‘bi levetinnséd f 


. 


- ected Pia einede 9 


’ i m 
sarginy® WG STE A rei 


TSM | woven <M ye Ath sia all SaaVs Hi 


~TLAR EN arnt Ae ust re 


Ly ; wna 


whey , Woo) ishetsann ag AAS 


id od of Ota H rg ti cngerivt itt 
wl syinegey ott Ty dnvpiirie'e ots 


Tpit Ve J waded hey 


prey 


es j 
Aas Snaicay h ; 


Wise Ammon Re 9 an epee 


“| pent 3 t ningaiyeat ug (PUR 
wilt con fpnat ancient ok hil i vtetallt tke Ww 
Ae oH 4d _oditagtye coniiilt a disaatl oft 


eo a ade yaivtinres anid nd hy 
anh voqn ait 4: ‘ae alt vivasoles hie. hofind | ave 


“i eT ce is Lie d vwG ieepyent hawk shiehar (Hel, uit: te aol ne, ‘aileron, i 
tive shitended ratuei hale, ait bg Fonte s etimgeh or Bre 


Papaepsslom 55 chi» a stihl ii of audi | 


Hiner its 


Ls + 
wT 


vee it 


Yu 
any 


LZ Louw deer lth: 


ROGLOSSUS 


Lettered. 


INSC RI 
Aragari. 


PTUS ;(Swains:) 


ie 


Lrinteds by C Halimonded: 


PTEROGLOSSUS INSCRIPTUS, Swainson. 
Lettered Aracari. 


Specrric CHARACTER. 


Mas. Pter. rostro flavo, nigro serrato; culmine, apice, fasciaque basali nigris: olivaceo- 
viridis, subtus citrinus ; captte colloque atris ; crisso coccwneo. 


Foem. Capite colloque brunneis. 


Male. Bill yellow, with a basal band of black and a black culmen and tip; the serrations 
being also marked by irregular barbs of black; the bare space round the eye and tarsus 
greenish brown ; head and throat glossy black; wings, back, and tail olive green ; rump 
scarlet ; under surface lemon yellow. 

Female. Resembles the male with the usual difference of brown for black. 


Total length, 12 to 13 inches; beak, 1+; wing, 4; taal, 5; tarsus, 1+. 


Pteroglossus inscriptus. Swains., Zool. Ilust., vol. 2. pl. 90. Wagler, Syst. Avium. 


For fine examples of this interesting bird Iam under obligations to Lord Stanley, to whose liberality I have 
frequently been indebted for the loan of specimens from his rich and valuable Museum. Independently of the 
fine pair in this collection, I have seen a female at Edinburgh: these, with the original example in the 
possession of W. Swainson, Esq., are, as far as I have been able to learn, the only specimens in England. 
It appears to be a bird of the greatest rarity, and only to be found in the remote and untrodden parts of the 
country destined by nature for its abode; and which, according to the best information I can collect, is 
Guiana, the low and swampy districts of which, abounding in luxuriant palms, &c., afford it a retreat, from 
which there will doubtless be yet obtained many ornithological productions at present unknown. 

The Lettered Aragari takes its specific character from the peculiar markings of the mandibles, which in 
some measure resemble Hebrew characters, and these, with its diminutive size, distinguish it from every 
other species. . 

Inhabits Guiana. 


bi] 1; 
‘ bs i 
le it (SED Fraley.) ‘nll jo TP ee ey 


bad q eile 


‘ eta ha ata * 3 : ‘ 2 rear 


‘eee fqpeade aed Gerbvtecls Sie cee Fpaty 
thy ieee A ad letter ( oil 
> te seca wires $4 defen 88 Ne la oT 


war eee vm; 


E Lear deeb ethvag. 


PTEROGLOSSUS 


MACULIROS TRIS; (Cuv-et lichtenst:)) 
Spotted-bill Aragart. 


PTEROGLOSSUS MACULIROSTRIS, Lichtenstein. 


Spotted-bill Aracari. 


Sprcrric CHARACTER. 


Mas. Pvrer. rostro abbreviato, cinerascente, in olivaceum ad culmen vergente ; mandibula 
superiore ad latera maculis transversis nigris wregulariter fasciaté: supra saturate viridis ; 
corpore infra, capite, nucha, collique lateribus aterrimis, nitidis ; gens bimaculatis, macula 
supertore sulphured, inferiore aurantiacd ; fascia lunata cervicale sulphurea ; cauda olivaceo- 
viridi, rectricibus sex intermediis rufo apiculatis ; tectricabus caudce enfertoribus coccimers ; 
abdomine imo femoribusque croceo, sulphureo, viredique variegats. 

Foem. Corpore infra, capite, nucha, collique lateribus castanets ; macularum genarum superiore 


Se anes A 
sordidé sulphured, inferiore obscuré viredi-brunnea. 


Male. Beak short, pale grey or whitish inclining to olive on the culmen; the sides of the upper 
mandible irregularly barred with large transverse patches of black; the head, nape, sides 
of the neck, throat, chest, and middle of the belly, deep shining black; on the cheeks are 
situated two tufts of feathers; the lower one, which is of a primrose yellow, forms the ear- 
coverts, and the other, which proceeds from the rictus, is orange; the beak, whole of the 
upper surface, and wings, deep sap green inclining to olive, divided from the black of the 
nape by a crescent-shaped band of primrose yellow; tail olive green, the six middle feathers 
tipped with rufous ; the lower part of the abdomen has a mixture of saffron and primrose 
yellow intermingled with oil green, which prevails especially on the thighs; under tail- 
coverts scarlet; legs and feet lead colour. 

Female. Somewhat less than the male, and differing considerably in plumage, having the head, 
nape, sides of the neck, throat, and breast, chestnut instead of black; the ear-coverts of 


a less lively yellow, and the tufts of feathers proceeding from the rictus of an obscure 
greenish brown. 


Total length, 12 inches; beak, 2+; wing, 4%; taal, 5; tarsus, 1%. 


LE? Aragart Koulik du Brésil. We Vaill., Ois. de Parad., vol. 2. p. 45. t. 15. 
———_—_——__—__——-—_ Male. lbid., Suppl. p. 41. fig. A A. 
Pteroglossus maculatus. Jard. & Selby, Illus. of Ornith., vol. 1. pl. 26. 

LI? Aragari & bec tacheté ; Ramphastos maculatus. Vieill., Gal. des Ois., tom. 2. 


Tur Spotted-bill Aragari may be readily distinguished from all other known species by the abbreviated form 
of its beak, and the distinct but irregular spots of black on the upper mandible, whence is derived its specific 
name maculirostris. As the object in employing any distinguishing term should be to point out most readily 
some prominent specific character, I have been induced to adopt the name given to this species by 
M. Lichtenstein, prior to the one (maculatus) assigned to it by Vieillot. 

Unlike the true Toucans, the sexes of many species of the Pteroglossi will be observed to present consider- 
able difference in the colour of the plumage,—a fact which is forcibly illustrated in the present bird ; the female 
possessing a rich chestnut-coloured head and breast, while the same parts in the male are deep shining black : 
this, however, is not characteristic of the whole genus, nor is it to be observed in any other species in so 
remarkable a degree. 

The scarcity of information which had been obtained respecting this species, until within these few years, 
has been the cause of considerable confusion as regards the identity of the sexes. Among other instances 
we may notice Dr. Latham, who, in his laborious work, ‘“‘ The General History of Birds,” has described and 
figured the female as a distinct species under the name of “ Janeiro Toucan”: moreover, he appears to have 
a doubt whether it may not be the female of the pipertorous species,—a bird differing in many of its characters. 

The P. maculirostris is supposed to be strictly confined to the Brazils, as it is from thence alone that it 
has been received. It is to be regretted that no information can be added respecting its natural habits ; in all 
probability they differ in minor details from those of the Pterog/ossi of the same size, but which have beaks more 


enlarged in dimensions, though less powerful, than the short, thick, and strong bill of the present species. 
Inhabits the Brazils. 


i asvbyta : MEA. besa alt: ‘ donald ta oskateay sect tenses! ag ed itl Ad bess hissy Ts alelilosurece ce be} om a 


crt fhodisaeah and “ubnifk te pot Insinotd af drow asohodal iil. te 


hash shvounees i vhs tate woman Ys all an ws ii ‘oo vokdey 
‘ uy pete ree 
ere: Sia ies frac 2 < Binwwen\), vu! voenlan gy vie ee egbey Arenal HNiemaiie west i may 
ei : J 7 d.1 . 3 i, ae i, ran 
Wligrienste elaliied 4 abate, ; wshab hue avaivwln tuNrestal sugyitler Ada iggy gh ee a: 
7 ‘7 | . 


ie na 2 - = i < 


-omavsite Nha : tie cahaylers Haye wet een) Wivaaily t Bian eerrwetr arose es ‘snake higte cal eat i oe i 
- aren. ard voabuyas SEE GY Nahant cahelsatign oie sidbvonceobah ee sehen bys i bantl - 
QE a gis cavonkeduig Rona ainyere slivanety, ae cine 
Sting, RANG, iavwlsanee <4 SANs adieiad angles laws sings Rent) siege a : ey 
ue he Boventr uae aac sear eilys Savona, iron * i at f ie a a 


reyes alt to agua od ‘paeihss abt ea oivile on gaiutiboet shadtiativg we Tar ang wile Jost. “sat oe , + ae Ce t ie 


ire 
- hE, & 
oa as i 


vis edaods oft Go ; doald piieide goab oiled wilt te ‘sibbine Bae toads sewild dow odf to ; 


tou adi aovvot volley skoumiig @ to of doidee a0 ast00! aah pa risitiasl Yo athisd owed lateutie 


to slodw nad silt :sgneto a 2utsix oft aos} abs vay daidw witio olf hon arerroo is 
ott To dosti ot aucik bohivih .ovile od guiailoui asety gee coob agate hae sorta soe niet at isa on 
vacltestt albbadect aia ot covey ovilo Sid ; wollsy a3 porucariicg hee fatal ‘baqudetameny & qa gen | thy : z ol 
sore be woitles Yo oie ttie 9 onl iaciobeds adit Yo dows wonel vals ; cascitory sitive leaegegit ae es ai ong 


isi vobet jettgidlt suf ao “glaives slinvosq did uvvng fax ties bofgaiuwstni wollyy . | 
. “oles buck good bem egal ; - §gfxees etsves eos Bee, Aa 


: 


~ 


q 


road ont gaivad Joxaccmbey ai ‘igen yoresttib Lew leas oat anelt seal telwomet short 


tw abeyoo-res aff jalseld ln heoteat stents Jensse bas moth plten. iff To abies ate oe Atay | 
stusalo ma to suing: adi moat guibssoonyp aiadégat Yo afial uals bets swollyy oebvil seal & . 
4 ae re a ~ i 


stewed deinowre 
T awed © Mok 7 awe 2 P8 jak emloat £0. dtgashiateT Vd teen 


ar 
al 


| ai 
Ot 2 2b wf & dow cbase'l ab i) | finY at Nest ale Hiss evict is ; sate 
rs i - ” ' be 
A A. gi fkg olqqus . hidl slit -——+—— . ee pcll, eRe Pc - 
“uy ft eet i oe a 5 fat ; P a. ie 
AM hey 2 tow .ditiawO to Last oyello y Tnah ‘as \alirwtie waeelyertat’) UT 
i » mel a sat) dale lew) wilisi Ty aww siete ah ssibaytin’ wal ; aY ay mi. vn o Jcgnnt . 3 a ; a ; 
3 | , . 4 Fr | ae 
4 ; % rw ‘ z ; ; a : a . a 
j eaten caging heionettabiionatl eter i 1 ul ; i = a 
: ; - 4 ( i = 
avied hyatroidee ald yd aliousa wanbick wadlso ile wot Godoinasthl France ad coms ep hi hbase ; 
vaisoqe at baviesl al oaedw oldibwant wqqe-sdt' so Aakl io Boga talrgses tod quiteibs auld bas stead et ina 
ihest teow td nua ot ad BE nodauriad qytiletegaitaily que yateolqas al ssajio ated » Severino seas: r Ke ry 


vr avon? ast oF navi STE -oift pees ob eet inal ecw { tonsnsals Are meer cae i data 


vlidaynsnk old g yale pisooorrey alt wi terested Goi ei dels Sac wld ai? 
+ donld sais ay wie ico oft wi ape, amin «lt - ie iid bas ar nieagonape aos ae 


eae We silt eiilpive linen sino alt pail qe hasiipila wi fa date sino 
ssoantent todto gironh aomae silt to glitaght adi arene an aul vik age che 


sill of eesqya ad svoooar, 3) * pono otioaaG to sana ot waft 
ets maton att peer tt ainsi hai eth, ee te 


tk atl atid fetafit ati gaitooyzon iobba odes «oil “cue 
PMO & lead oad poapinke tnd vost wae oat entice pe to sand 
ee een 


Drawn from Nature & on stone 


Tk& £. Ganla. 


ROGLOSSUS 


Natterers Ar 


« 


AGA IPN 


TE IRE IRD. 


+PTEROGLOSSUS NATTERERII. 


Natterer’s Aracari. 


Sprctric CHARACTER. 


Mas. Peer. rostro rubro, ad apicem flavescenti-albido, lined culminali, macula ad latera utriusque 
mandibule, maculaque supra singulart serraturam nigris, serraturis albis: capite supra, guld, 
guttureque nigris ; fascia nuchali pallide flava ; dorso aliisque saturaté olwvaceis ; rectracum 
sex intermediarum apicibus castaneis ; latertbus flavis, in castaneum ad femora transeuntebus ; 
caudce tectrictbus inferiorabus cocciners. 

Fem. Caprte supra, guld, guttureque pallide castaneis ; regione parotica pallidé flavescenti-viridh ; 


dorso palldiore. 


Male. Bill red, with the exception of a line of black on the culmen, a spot on the side of each 
mandible, and a small irregular mark of the same colour above each of the serratures, 
which are white; the point yellowish white; top of the head, occiput, throat, and breast 
black; ear-coverts pale yellow ; a lunar-shaped band of the same colour separates the black 
of the occiput from the back, which, with the wings, is of a dark olive; tips of the six 
middle tail-feathers chestnut; flanks yellow, passing into chestnut on the thighs; under 
tail-coverts scarlet. 

Female. All those parts light chestnut which in the male are black; the green on the back less 
deep, and the ear-coverts pale yellowish green ; in other respects the colouring is the same. 


Total length, 13: inches; bz//, 2%; wings, 52; tatl, 5; tarse, 14. 


Pteroglossus Nattererit, Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part ITI. 


Aurxoueu I have at all times endeavoured to avoid the imposing of a specific title on a new species which 
did not convey some idea connected with its form or colouring, I have been induced to deviate from this rule 
in the present instance from the earnest desire I feel to pay a just tribute of respect to a most enthusiastic 
and able naturalist, through whose personal exertions in the Brazilian forests for the period of eighteen years 
so vast: a collection has been transmitted to the capital of that country by the munificence of whose Govern- 
ment he was enabled to prosecute his researches; and I would here beg to offer my acknowledgements to 
M. Schreibers, the highly talented director of the Imperial Museum of Vienna, for the liberal manner in which 
he permitted me to examine the birds of this group contained in the collection under his care, and to add 
to my monograph a representation of this rare species. 

I am not aware of the precise locality in which this fine bird was obtained, but from the circumstance of 
its having accompanied other specimens from that part of Brazil which borders the river Amazon, it may 
reasonably be believed to be a native of the woods of those districts. 

In point of affinity it is closely allied to the Péeroglossus maculatus, and with that bird and several others it 
will form a separate and well-defined group, possessing many peculiar characters. 


“ 


verutee ocr oe T! - 


: cian, A Bee iere ent, worerie we vole ubbiére ext. a 


“4 el 2" a8 re wine, 
. | 5 i Sree ry rey whe fed qyerrs Leg i ees pede ef. -* Ay 
4 ' ‘ P i )) me) ; pr 
* ‘ a VWieytlie® Vegas OTe | int} ar: at vr ee hi ap ys ery ra tats, ee . 
wie ' ‘ m Ae. qaxn whic ev) ,a nT, smh oui (tak nur ty TL. A ae rN i : é 
' | : : Wee 
} : nie A eed eeetd ndoe* efit him: —_ 
= . hte kes . ae sl ‘ vile peeve da eyrry “ayn nent : : 
7 i : cpeil x avr : : 
maa 4 een LD vii |v bi-tea sted & a ee agit " otf dh a Mey Hit . asal, 
; : los me olf to eee wehiesrv icrom | dhs Lal poh Eich 
T lt be ed atid thewallel farve aif ive om oil 
; e , : , . 
I rT Aa La I i jeogle- Weis W nulley elisy ateventiy 34 pela = pil oS 
F 7 wai Gal aire rein 7 al ult nize fujruse ‘ah : 
: j tang TTT. “a WonI¥ anil 7 owtlire liye odie tages 1 Lh 
’ alte a0 sir . 
dv al told butld ate tees oe fee ie jae. 
: ‘| il prey are ny 4 if ’ doer-ratagt ‘i q , 
Ths ray lara’ é) ne i i 5 ang, heht ica! i 2 oe hw ; fo 
i - e ; ; : 
a 4 : 
: ry ‘ ~™ iy ws - " wl is, + eriny ‘i * ‘ 7 
. ; i — 
i + 7 * o - ad “Fy 
a ——o_ —— - ! 4 A : 
j ' ! 
! jah a sora Hh Lede Oe iniisraatens aed fa bi | vir'gt ti) seid. _ A 
{ p nharendly et janie! vok-L piled ve el att lin lncamnte tH seine el Oe -_ 
a oy <b beepers’ le Steet] 60] 61 1 oa let T ibe pee cea eT Pe ovat pt ; 
be 7 : +. 
U fwitcay tices) exdbawdll ele ol idnges Teeredp ew dhyana allsevand de twas b 


“age | us. feastive bagi wow tel aan virheave 38 i: 
Pe oe ee ed od jerry 1 ahaa greroet ieutet > . 

j9(i a3 ft tll ees’) sical lopewtiel wat ston fi vote hair ung te = 
as sirocttaa’ dit trl, exEAbeee? allt Wa eink all alge ace hee onions | J 
: ‘ 7 ee eli ar PTY | Bogue a . : 
| : an a A ined basiabl> 200 oe ee bein chdlecwed my wit hy 2 ein uae saa EP 

se ole fe + vpiieeed Shdeted ipmanli, Vr vig Sa che: wg tevin Cer aaepatara ‘paieatint : 

| : sta) yal) sav obpiver wt i nis ‘revelahals baba sed a: 
ie ” bey iG Roeprat lan feet lee? ti few acu gh kara ers alt ap 
= #1 ane i al 8 are? isso seer 


a hy = 


, aT i ixnsve atl ' fie Wi I 


a 


¥ 


En i; 


eee 
ese 5 


OSSUS REINWARD TIT :(Waégler). 
. Remwardts Aracart. 


PTEROGLOSSUS REINWARDTII, Wagter. 


Reinwardt’s Aragari. 


Sprcirric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostri dimidio basali sordidé rufescenti-aurantiaco, culmine apiceque nigrescenti-brunneis : 
capite, collo, gula, guttureque nigris ; regzone parotica fascidque nucham cingente auruntiacis, 
hae pallidiore ; dorso saturate olivaceo-viridt brunneo tincto ; laterthus aurantiacis castaneo 
tinctis ; caudce tectricibus inferrortbus coccineis ; remigubus nigrescenti-brunneis ; rectricibus 


quatuor intermediis castaneo sprculatis ; orbitee pedesque vuridescenti-plumben. 


Bill dull reddish orange for the basal half of its length, the culmen and tip blackish brown; 
head, neck, throat, and chest black; ear-coverts bright orange ; a semilunar band sur- 
rounds the nape of the same colour, but somewhat lighter ; whole of the remaining parts 
of the upper surface dark olive green tinged with brown; quills blackish brown ; four 
middle tail-feathers slightly tipped with chestnut brown ; flanks deep orange, tinged with 


chestnut ; thighs light brown ; under tail-coverts crimson ; feet and naked skin round the 


eyes greenish lead colour. 


Total length, 12 to 13 inches ; bell, 23; wings, 5; taal, 5%; tarsz, 14. 


Pteroglossus Reinwardti, Wagler, Syst. Aviam. 
—_—_—__—_—_—— Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part II. 


Tue individual from which the accompanying figure was taken is in the Royal Museum at Munich, and is, I 
believe, the only specimen in the collections of Europe. 

I candidly own that before I had the opportunity of inspecting it I entertained some doubts as to its real 
specific value, the description given by Wagler having induced me to suspect it might be only a variety or 
an immature specimen of Pter. Kulik ; it will be evident, however, on comparing the present Plate with that 
of Pter. Kuhtk that my suspicions were unfounded, the bird under consideration having marks which will at 
once prove it to be a distinct species. At present nothing further can be said respecting its history than that 
it is a native of Brazil, a country constantly calling forth our admiration by the frequent receipt of new and 
beautiful productions. 

I have coloured the bill as it appeared in the specimen from which the drawing was taken, yet there is 
every reason to suppose that this organ was of a much brighter hue. 

It appears to be more nearly allied to Péter. Natterer? than to any other; yet, upon comparing the two, it 
will be found to present good distinguishing characteristics, the bill being different in its form and markings, 
and the ear-coverts being entirely orange, while in several specimens of Pter. Natterert which I had the 
opportunity of examining, the same parts were pale lemon yellow, with a slight tinge of brown at the lower 
extremity ; the semilunar mark on the back and the flanks also differ considerably. In the present species 
the four middle tail-feathers are tipped with brown, while in Péter. Natterert six have this mark. 


ANI RES (U ac inert es) se oy 
ts ley ve wise yare : Ay ‘yin amegiresy wt te 
6 ia Ub earn ila heel ae roa 


VAG ie Mai Hit iy yet Uae, | a Wryeit 


Sevag ivi an ana Cue Aietn datpyan piece “hain: 


we Ve Vice (aac si xo ini Aidkyhin flute Wet 
Se will hata yy tivags crewed? tian’; bacnd 
ac Th ati sasha “a! we mF: iy mpnit well abner: 


Ese tik yh ay “ny ily, sO 1 yasid hang (“ple alt 1? 


ie Geile chekgile scdpalliet slliaig 


res-list tater + arora bye tail ; sins 


surely: Gael daicines Rg aan 


sew EWE 2 Eat cel Tana 


cee cuenta. dips sel BL ayy! ' 


. 


cho Pe Matar Ese rvipul Iniohviye ir 
\ ‘i vivllting atl on (ey ial Mann a aint 
wintoeere tall etn me ibitins b 
Mitt Ma ed TT} wnerey eed ienhy alt suit saa 
poate nib recital ray 2a0 wit wot Wy ston rhs sputtered tm) 
yak Levee ud Jphadatoa Apa asnduliy nae feet Apt bik: on we 
tri ut ger em Dat ae ant: via soutiet) my eh Ob weston, wig 
Apvat arthhan 9 Eaigaauens (Mien he dent Ve sprite: i 
ie ie wey fda: AP, 
vi ual’, anys vel 0 hoseoiqy sf) jah ig aul feyraethys's wrk E a 
‘suet Tae pt iro ath bik nage ail poet ‘eeareene aw Hagens rE 
: ‘ot Divi ghamate 4xcvnn al’ oth orlayyae ahp 
th copetshya Trin hy came sparsity ot Newcliad beset mir 


Cae Vr ath Vanteny en erie aes silty 


EEL wil ys 


Ae at 


Sates 
ISL 


PTEROGLOSSUS CULIK;(Wagler). 
Wouhk Aracari. 


Drennan from Naknre 4 on Stone ty ThE. Gould Printed by C Ballmanded. 


PTEROGLOSSUS CULIK, Wagter. 
Koulik Aracari. 


Sprcirric CHARACTER. 


Mas. Peter. rostro nigro, basin versus in rubrum transeunte: olvvaceo-viridis, ventre castaneo 
variegato ; capite, collo, pectoreque nigris ; aurtbus lunulaque dorsali flavis ; caudee tectricabus 
inferroribus cocciners ; rectricibus ad apices castaneis. 


Fem. Lunulé dorsali nulla ; cervice sordidé castaned ; jugulo pectoreque obscuré ceeruleo-canis. 


Male. Beak black, gradually passing off into red at the base; naked space round the eye 
and the tarsus dark lead colour; top of the head, occiput, throat, and breast black; 
ear-coverts and a crescent-shaped band on the top of the back yellow; lower part of the 
belly olive green mixed with chestnut ; under tail-coverts scarlet; the whole of the upper 
surface olive green, the tail-feathers being tipped with chestnut. 

Female. Resembles the male in her general plumage, but wants the yellow semilunar band 
on the top of the back ; has the back of the neck dull chestnut ; and the throat and breast 
obscure lavender grey. 

Total length, 12 to 13 inches; be//, 23; weng, 42; tadl, 42; tarsi, 14. 


Green Toucan. Edw., vol. 3. pl. 330. 
Toucan a collier de Caj. Buff., Pl. Enl. n. 577. 
Ramphastos piperworus. Auct. 
LT’ Aragart Koulik de la Guyane. Levaill., Ois. de Parad., vol. 2. p. 41. pl. 13. 
Pteroglossus Culik. Wagler, Syst. Avium. 
—_—_—_——— Reimwardti? Ibid. 
Langsdorffiz? Ibid. 


Tue rich countries of Cayenne and Guiana are the native habitats of this interesting and elegant species of 
Aracari, where, I am informed, it has obtained the name of Koulik, from the peculiarity of its cry. It appears 
to be somewhat local in its distribution, as I have never received it either from Brazil or the Spanish Main. 
It is a species easily distinguished from every other by a slight attention to the detail of its colouring, the male 
being remarkable for his black breast and the semilunar band between the shoulders, and the female for the 
chaste colouring of her breast and under parts. 

Inhabits Cayenne and Guiana. 


aot. re seat 


0 


sy ie kab un mth ign "te dren: ida” we hn ictays waht 


\ i rT 
A 
AVE Ne 


We gad) via Wii ti anions vat beh miyetad rsd “Mun 4 shee ; SUS VEY 
aa ore wines ho nando : ay Fanti i waning) , Aged > 
Jotun Saege ae, hi he Gin. eal 


4 
: 


adit. ‘fa’ iguinaney vihiobiery daght, dest - ae 
qt alu fread’ sivicha: aoperial ol havnt 


"ek SIE 


to got 40) de fede frente a fen ase 
abinicnlint wba”: breed tie box shvrsy yo chip vlad 
ot { i . ; 


elev 


mend etratiual A Liat ht rare evil combine 


. 


ltey. tod ak oti ot deldandadt. ioe) 


ta Avie nitaadl « dope nfl Yo Hania fa 7 


Jerr Mbhevenl are smaten 


uN 


weil BE va Fi thiggenad fagssl 


d line , + et ry wetoys 

Hust, td We epithe: 6 exalt 

nwt * eer vasvanwibeggwens 

tages oun) he Wiwovi svaguvt; 

‘anit J ua valg apt th) eisaaal ana h, 
tail < vnbiniath a 

bith Nal giek eS 


“i ite ingen at ley csntidas ey iisigg i's on re) re ie) w woTTii hia ‘Nain ae 
7 ite any ail? sent dine ite sain ah Pritintde d ‘ana dio ettai (es { seiner: ae 
vo liom qari vedteg. i havidses vse quiet r vat awit Pails ai iti Lirol ‘apt peseneinyaed a 
ute Wr linings att tod tidhesdtis Hibotle: at vet soley. new, ral Meatladssrputs huib vllane eae oh ia 
iatiy at ovhinrele wit} pon vised Pinta ber ud bw: eae eat wut wit “lear manied 


lleadlbaloa 


Drown ufrony Nature de onstorw by J é B. Gowbd, 


LANGS D 


ROGLOSSLU 


Langsdorts Aragari. 


Ot 


Trinied by CF 
VOHRMEK OY 


PTEROGLOSSUS LANGSDORFEFIL, Wagter. 


Langsdorff’s Aracari. 


Sprciric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro nigrescenti-brunneo, prope basin in cinereo-olivaceum transeunte, serraturis albidis : 
vertice, collo, guli, guttureque mgris ; regione parotica fasciaque nuchali aurantiaco-flacis ; 
dorso, alis, rectricumque basi saturate olwaceo-viridibus brunneo tinctis, harum apicibus ; 
latertbus olwwaceis castaneo tinctis ; tectricibus caudce inferiortbus sordidé coccinets ; pedes 


plumber. 


Bill blackish brown for three parts of its length from the tip, fading into dark greyish olive at 
the base, more extended over the under mandible; serratures whitish ; top of the head, 
back of the neck, throat, and breast black ; ear-coverts and nuchal band rich orange yellow ; 
whole of the upper surface, wings, and upper portion of the tail-feathers dark greenish 
olive tinged with brown; flanks rich olive tinged with chestnut brown ; thighs uniform 
brown ; under tail-coverts dull crimson ; legs and feet lead colour. 


Total length, about 132 inches ; bed/, 2+; wing, 5%; tarsa, Is. 


Pteroglossus Langsdorffii, Wagler, Syst. Avium. 
—_——________———. Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc. Part II. 


Tue robust form and nearly uniform colouring of the bill are perhaps the most prominent features by which 
this species may be distinguished from several others, which possess alike the lunated collar and richly coloured 
ear-coverts. 

A single example of this bird, to all appearance fully adult, forms a part of the Munich collection, and is, I 
believe, the individual from which the late Dr. Wagler took the description in the monograph of this family, 
published in his small but useful work the “Systema Avium.” I regret to add that I found the tail of this 
specimen so much mutilated as to render it unsafe to figure more of this organ than is represented in the 
Plate. 

In size the present bird is somewhat larger than the Péter. maculirostris ; its ear-coverts, nuchal band, and 
flanks are also much brighter in colour than the corresponding parts in that species. 

The only information I could obtain respecting this rare species was that it is a native of Brazil, from which 
country it was received many years since. 


rn 
paras 
’ 


ie build ee i velit vie ae if % wats! Sut laid fifa | (watt nenrvobil tfae we 


aw wiht HE ging 


a 


Ay eo Rtohegdns 


ex 


ri tabi" new ' wher vat suites wy 
rk ee arr any Havin” ‘it hes | gg 4 at 
; Twit ti Ss “aga ¥ ee) Porn 


Aviva 4 Daal ohn avis ae inva dlvenk 


as) Par s\ ay 


any oor dik apport lanka cijit 
yoy [elvan ay rues eine eft 
dont 
aa 
ive Lywpetty eviler 


‘SU Mit | ine credl 


“i writs “y" peo Liana ufo VH lived urna intl 1 gut 
cock ie AERC igen fon italy gunnnnill sed cout waitenye aii): 
Fe a 


stab Tle apaprenaben gyal Ha; Gt civil hid Wy! akg winks abana d 


fr 


a Sout talua th ah ogell Gis hi: eat fnasbivriboert alt vant ri 
anh tes Ly be ould itive lotsa sik Bara set at Datei fiag 
Le ithaiith i -eaicert a af losisbitvar eatee s vended pean 
ee 

dd a mE waat ‘ial trash heya am mut outdo 


hewnignrpore. tee oa “wecvheye} at vatshyl bud Ms at, ceil ive, delve 


¢ 


att "ive tHat byes 


oped cage th weeny 
- ; hy art, 


Md y 1 
vars 


ei ea 


Yr 


mn Nake & on Stone ty SB. Goi 


PT! 


BIR: 


GLOSSUS ULOCOMUTS., 
Gurl-crested. Aragari. 


intel by C Lied Orel: 


aoe 


OREN 


cnr 


cig Raeagweih tic 


ne 


wanes 


PTEROGLOSSUS ULOCOMUS. 


Curl-crested Aracari. 


Sprcrric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro elongato, mandibulis albo serratis, ad basin fascid angustd castaned circumdatis ; 
supertoris culmine aurantiaco lined sordidé ceruled utringue margiato, lateribus aurantio- 
rubris ; inferiore stramined, in aurantiacum ad apicem vergente ; naribus lined alba cinctis : 
plumis capitis, genarum, nuchaque foliuferrs, illus cresprs nigris, harum spatulatis, genarum 
stramineis nigro apiculatis; cervice, dorso, pectorisque latertbus coccineis; alis, cauda, 
Semoribusque olivaceis ; remigibus brunneis ; guld, pectore, abdominis medio crissoque flaves- 


centibus, pectoris plumis coccineo marginatis. 


Beak lengthened, both mandibles edged with thickly set white serratures ; the upper has the 
culmen orange, bordered by a narrow longitudinal stripe of dull blue extending nearly 
to the tip, below which the sides of the mandible are fine orange red; a white line 
surrounds the apertures of the nostrils; the under mandible is straw-coloured, becoming 
orange at the tip; a narrow band of rich chestnut encircles both mandibles at their base ; 
crown of the head covered with a crest of curled metal-like feathers, without barbs, of an 
intense black and very glossy; as they approach the occiput these appendages gradually 
lose their curled character and become straight, narrow and spatulate. ‘The feathers of 
the cheeks have the latter form, but are more decidedly spatulate ; their colour is yellowish 
white, each having its extremity tipped with black; occiput and upper tail-coverts deep 
blood red; chest delicate yellow, with slight crescent-shaped bars of red; sides yellow 
richly stained with red ; back, tail and thighs olive green; quills brown; tarsi lead colour. 


Total length, 18 inches ; bz//, 4; wings, 5%; tail, 7+; tarst, 2. 


Pteroglossus ulocomus. Gould, Proceedings of the Zool. Soc., Part 1. p- 38. 


AxBuNDANT as are the treasures which science has received from the Brazils, the valuable addition of this 
beautiful bird to our ornithological stores, further illustrates the riches of that luxuriant portion of tropical 
America, and also confirms the opinion long entertained, that there are yet many rarities to be discovered 
in its extensive forests. Although our collections already abound with the productions of districts adjacent to 
cities and of easy access, such is not the case as it regards the almost unexplored districts of the interior, 
whence we only occasionally derive specimens, proving how much we are yet ignorant of, and how much 
remains for future discovery. 

Interested as I have always been with this smgular family, it was with no small degree of pleasure that 
I hailed the arrival of so fine a species, particularly as it offers to our observance in the covering of its 
head a feature entirely new among the Preroglossi. I regret that it is beyond the efforts of our pencil to 
do strict justice to the rich appearance of these glossy and curiously curled appendages, which in substance 
can only be compared to the metal-like feathers found in some species of the Galling,—the extreme 
ends of the neck- and wing-feathers of the Gallus Sonnerati, Temm., for instance. This structure appears to 
consist in a dilatation of the shaft of each feather, or perhaps an agglutination of the web into one mass. 

Two examples of this species formed part of a collection of rare birds brought to this country from Rio de 
Janeiro. Of these I was so fortunate as to obtain the finest, which is in all probability a male: it is now in 
the Museum of the Zoological Society of London. The other, which is considered a female, is preserved in 
the British Museum. 

The habitat of this species is probably in the almost untrodden forests which border the river Amazon, as, 


since the arrival of the pair alluded to, I have seen a third, having a label attached intimating that it was 
received from Para, 


AG — onnT 


imo eho fal 7 ee 


Lf = ° 2 Ny ees Co Gr " A ean. yt vi Yr Siren Sule vi\odiehoqeanen i’ Awana vars, OW 4 


a. 5 ; ; " ‘ « = a ; +? oe -_ . < : . . 7 
a" A Ae i ’ eh Oe. AVE a + & rea Vy Ao V7: VOVAAYAO, EVGA Crreee aCe tees SOE STEER, 
Mi % i F F J ; : . ie . . * 
; , . . F A PP ‘ ‘ ‘ A 
fee: : : ‘ ee 7 ‘ yoy ye - By Th Wb eet yi ‘ ROD V4 Ya tts a | Shy lass Rel 
“ all | ‘ , 3 ¥ c 
i 1 ol : =, Ay a I TE Laake bl value deme, te Mf ; : 
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eye 


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i 


LOSSUS HYPOGLAUCTUS. 


PT 


Grey-breasted Avacari ; 


*PTEROGLOSSUS HYPOGLAUCUS. 
Grey-breasted Aragari. 


Sprcrric CHARACTER. 


Pter. mandibulis lined flava basali circumdatis, maculaque triangulari subbasal nigra plagdque 
A ° . aA . . ° ° . \ . ° 

flava nigro marginata notates ; supervoris culmine latertbusque antrorsum saturate SANGUINEDS ; 

inferiore, nist basin versus, atra: olivaceo-brunneus, subtus ceruleo-canus ; capite caudaque 

nigris, rectricibus quatuor intermedis ad apiem brunnes; remigum pogonus externis 


viridibus, interns brunneis; uropygro lutescente ; tectricebus caudce superiortbus viridi- 


olivacets, infertortbus coccines. 


Beak; the upper mandible edged on its basal aspect with a narrow line of yellow succeeded by 
a triangular spot of black, an irregular mark of yellow next succeeds edged by a line of 
black, the culmen and the remainder of the sides deep blood red; the basal half of the 
lower mandible has the yellow and black colouring of the upper, but terminates in deep 
black instead of red; crown of the head and occiput black; back, shoulders, and thighs 
rich olive brown ; outer edges of the quills green; inner brown; rump light greenish 
yellow ; upper tail-coverts greenish olive ; tail black, the four middle feathers tipped with 
brown; under tail-coverts scarlet ; whole of the neck, chest, and under parts silvery grey. 

Total length, 18% inches; beak, 4 long, depth, 1+, breadth at base, 1; wing, 6%; tail, 7; 


tarsus, 14. 


Pteroglossus hypoglaucus. Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., part lie 70. 


In the disposition of its markings, and the general colour and texture of its plumage, this singular Aracari 
differs remarkably from all others yet discovered ; the beak being more brilliant, and the plumage of the 
body less ostentatious and gaudy. Nor does it present a less striking difference in its habitat, all the other 
species being found in the lower and warmer regions, while according to information received from an 
authentic source, the Grey-breasted Aragari inhabits the mountains, and is to be found only on the highest 
wooded portions of the Andes, for which elevated and cold situations the full and downy texture of its 
plumage, so different from the close feathering of the Aragaries in general, admirably adapts it. The specific 
name given to this bird relates to the beautiful silvery lustre which prevades the fine grey tints spread over 
the breast and under surface. 

This interesting bird, with many other valuable specimens of Ornithology, was sent to me by my esteemed 
and valued correspondent D. Christie, Esq., of Popayan, Columbia; and I here gladly avail myself of the 
opportunity of testifying my sincere acknowledgements for the many favours received, as also for much 
important information. 

As Lhave never met with this bird in the museums of this country or in those I have visited on the 
Continent, and Dr. Latham’s notice of a ‘ Blue-throated Toucan” being too vague and unsatisfactory to 
afford any tangible data, I have every reason for concluding this species to have been hitherto undescribed. 
Of the two specimens received, one is deposited in the Museum of the Zoological Society of London. 

Inbabits Columbia. 


Bes t q 


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bp 


TAREE 


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- : va LIWoMiQwe PVPS Sat ANY As ape svn Cee VHA VOR BA hard ones ay SS, a ae axe; 
y = eye } : < Viney) ater, .. lee : -_ . 


A : uw ae VR cs WAVE OETA OAS RST Sats alas ya ae is hay ws intosr 334 saith Te ot Hise Sonlh 


eIMD-OSiW eo hitler, ST -odor ale 1 iyptip. 4 


whe od Sead SMT F anaes 1, 


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’ ; 


#ti to stots? vero bee [iA ot snotimia- es fea letétale abide sot caoheA adh To git ior “bob yor 


< ares git —40 wtasbe vidi anthn Pole vs ya iri? ‘3 ty a (eral diy pia ee ott ay mits vee a 
ce . ; ayo fwatt di yore Sein aes! itive orient vrovliw depiinsd aed 4a} eatelins brid an fa pt! oe 


_ > Soria thi 


= ~~ hesrgetas yor ¥d ser oF tise ase rolbdiki®) lo eotiocgy oidinlny toile yee Wiive daid -guitiawotn adh) <0 8 


. it ‘to rot linia viboke ove i tans pant i Ve] sitetd Al $Habacege: his Sandee.’ baie on ent 
hone tet ¢ In & ‘ab SHIQST Spat its ‘al rol adersiy Ovoerie yin pitivtinnss 16 (Git ceRgepo SRE | 
Site : s i} ; ; i aia retal dinisy int Ap seas 
3 « Sedy wip Lettinte:-owial’ D, sito oF so erbimuty ald ta sr oft ee fate “eds Sty tn eee ool T PY iat ai 
oy yo sta y BaR. see ood tad. i rd L* dishes rails p-oulél “ia, ters ool Pivey a exbirettey t “fl hoa ri ey ag td sie 
A ~ Speotieron} ie fe Tporpeioay st oriisanld, ait ay Toa aqah 500 Oven wings ont ads 0 iy fo i 


Re og? aa ‘fo | adbeast 


8 a 


; PTEROGLOSSUS BAILLONI,(Wagler.) 
Saltron-coloured. Aragarl. 


£ Lear det eb ethog. Lrinked ty C Endimamndes, 


PTEROGLOSSUS BAILLONI, Waeter. 


Saffron-coloured Aracari. 


Specific CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro mediocri, arcuato; lutescenti, basin versus sub-olivaceo: fronte, genis, gula, corpore- 
que subtus preter femora croceis ; corpore supra, als, cauda, femoribusque olivaceo-viridi- 


bus aureo partum tinctis ; uropygto coccineo ; pedibus tarsisque plumbers. 


Beak moderate, arched, of a greenish yellow, approaching to olive at the base; the front of the 
head, the cheeks, the throat, and the whole of the under surface, with the exception of the 
thighs, rich saffron yellow; the upper parts of the body, wings, tail and thighs, olive green 
slightly shaded with golden yellow; rump scarlet; feet and legs lead colour. 

Total length, including the bill, from 14 to 16 inches; ell, 23 to 33. 


Pteroglossus Baillont. Wagler, Systema Avium. 

LT Aracari Baillon. Le Vaill., Ois. de Parad., tom. 2. p. 44. t. 18. 
Ramphastos Bailloni. Vieill., Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., p. 283. 
Pteroglossus croccus. Jard. & Selby, Ill. of Ornith., vol. 1. pl. 6. 


Tuts richly coloured species was so little known in our collections a few years since, that Sir W. Jardine and 
Mr. Selby were induced to figure it in their “Illustrations of Ornithology” as a bird new to science, under 
the name of Pteroglossus croceus. ‘The circumstance, however, of its having been previously described and 
figured in other works, prevents my adopting the very appropriate name given to it by those gentlemen. 

The numerous acquisitions we have derived from the Brazils during the last few years have made us more 
familiar with this bird; and although I am unable to give any particulars as to its habits and manners 
in a state of nature, I can affirm with certainty that, unlike many of the Pteroglossi, the sexes do not 
offer that difference in the colour of the plumage so characteristic of many species of this genus; in fact no 
outward difference except in size is observable, the female being a trifle less than the male in all her propor- 
tions. 

Tn point of beauty and elegance of form, the Saffron-coloured Aracari is somewhat conspicuous, particularly 
in the sweeping breadth of rich golden yellow which pervades the breast and all the under parts. 

Its habitat appears to be somewhat local, all the examples I have seen being from the Brazils. 


it ip “a ae ae 


104 a Ag eue2dposama te aie 


| dagen, ioawolon-aoriae eee ea or ee 
‘ Vet vonh mate went) yay tog r “ 
nog hun Alte cor | vanessa, awe ys pian itwinestes. ieuetd a avieot “att Ge hey 
7 i ‘Siri Ganon. qin wis TOM {Mawes ety ruin weeny {eignows Avon, eivsyun, dite mip . | 
i Df Abt oe vik spare im wunbibyaeg sane es OE AAHOS . emibomit wit yoa, me ak é 
yeht Yer terns? olf: ancl okt ty s¥ile ol ghictpsaatpyss pon Hlaieoweg, to  bvelea: otarshodti dnafk 
oll to aoikpomes onl? dtier:ettba where odd to shale abt boy droult adt adavifs- ott, sacl peed es 
woary avilo vtlyidt how feb goatee grleiel ail to eiheece, s5cpetat ale i walloy awithes ok eilgiti Pe vay paul ‘a 
wolcry figel eyel bier ili pote qt. 7 vallng ra sito gitter: fsoaficnebe. eliduile 
1G ob +2 AWWA p egelserd For &T coal fied maha yaiburboad fitgetal baal" 
eh Te | 7 aati ith snstayr cubase’ 4 antiott ee . > 
Ot 6.64 04 reine ay herr’ ale wit) fin ms _ wolawel. 4 ‘ ws A : j 
. ) | Al icwy 7 
RPS AeA Gait ove lier T “iawilledtl nueva “y.8 
4 AV Nag hte r ttdienat dei AHL (let A rel... patewaes awaiguenay lL ‘he rm - 
- i if ' “4 im il 
Lnes naihial We tel) ponies, eae wots waeitiosiiog sues sth reo olagil ca. daw mini cheiaides qilsis anit he 
wohow ,sennise of wan fiid 6 ” Ts rel alli Yo enotuenllt * vials ai oi wing ot hoot van ydist. aM: 4 
Ake i bos butiisesh ylanoneug aged gate ai Io aysnon sdistootnnis aft. wea anpalrgovasl Yo sucnis oul i 
|  imaliiow en yd ii os novi sani stage typ eer galt puiaqobn yin auarag kaye usito thi, bosuga a 4 
. cvout nt ghnor oid gee wot tent od paiva eligi add noth bovinals Syed ove amitialipgn ammouue ofl ae is 
, vinous bow atidad 2 ofan euilirsiteny qos oviz oF shiaun ous 1 atyornfale bows gly xd) aliter- ‘alttaat oe ae 
wor oy eoites lt Jandbaorat lh odd te yiruor peti tad? ytoietiso diiw sniffs ges 1 sible Io sists ee ah a 
ort ttt pi va eid Wo esisoqa yingt to. siteieternnls va opausiely oft Yo elu, only oi ssugsdtth toni wits 
onorpty 2 ri i ai stam oe) cid) aot ‘alti 9 sind latest = pirat a side ah a sempre buoy. 89 ee ae 
0 : engi | Ag ot pat i et 
P ial agit anousignnos tealwomen at inageaA fewwoleacd jfarrat to, oanuagots an ion ong, a aa ann 
cavum ‘tobgpet scl Mee Leg) dered aed eobesr vat foidye, wolloy calling dais to dtbeyed gaisaere set att tae i a. 


oben yeh alt monk apie wi: tard I akan Use. iret said Ma of ate eee Shee Be 


v 
i 


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= a 


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*PTEROGLOSSUS PRASINUS, Lichtenstein. 


Golden-green Aragari. 


Specrric CHARACTER. 


Pier. mandibuld superiore flava, culminis striga, macula ante nares, linedque ad tomium mgris ; 
inferiore nigra, fascia basalt flava : supra aureo-viridis, in ceruleum ad remiges et ad rectrices 
extrorsum transiens, harum apicibus rufo-brunnets ; genis gulaque cinerets; pectore ceru- 
lescenti-viridi, in viridem posticé transeunte ; tectricibus caudee nferiortbus rufis. 

Juvenis. Mandibula superiore ad basin rufo nebulosd versus apicem in flaoum et lutescentem 


vergente ; inferiore tota nigra: abdomine quam in adulto obscuriore. 


Upper mandible yellow with a black line along the culmen, a black spot before the nostrils, and 
a dash of the same colour along the edge; under mandible black with a basal border of 
yellow; upper surface golden green, passing into blue on the quills and lower half of the 
tail-feathers, which are tipped with rufous brown; naked skin round the eyes dull blueish 
green; cheeks and throat grey; breast blueish green, passing into green beneath ; lower 
tail-coverts rufous; tarsi lead colour. 

In the immature bird the abdomen is the same though less bright ; but the upper mandible is 
clouded at its base with reddish, passing insensibly into yellow and greenish at the point ; 
under mandible black. 

Total length, 13 inches; dzU/, 3. 


Tue naturalist has often to observe, that Nature never proceeds abruptly in the formation of her groups, but 
prepares a passage from one to another by a series of intervening gradations, embodying, though in a minor 
degree, the distinguishing characteristics of the two sections to which they form the connecting link: such is 
the case with the species before us. In my description of the Pterogdossus sulcatus, I hinted that at a future 
day it would in all probability constitute the type of a new genus; this division would be characterized by an 
attenuated and channelled bill, together with a more subdued and uniform style of colouring, and a short, 
graduated tail. To this form the Golden-green Aracari appears, at the first glance, to be related, and might 
with propriety be placed there in a strictly systematic arrangement; a more attentive examination, however, 
indicates its relationship, in an equal degree, to the more genuine Prerogloss?. The bill, for instance, though 
channelled, is only slightly so, and approaches that of the Aracaries in breadth and general dimensions ; and the 
tips of the tail-feathers and under tail-coverts, as in most of that genus, are rufous brown. 

The Preroglossus prasinus is exceedingly rare; indeed, I know but of one museum in Europe possessing 
specimens, namely, that of Berlin ; and I am indebted to the kindness and liberality of Professor Lichtenstein, 
who first made it known to science, for permission to examine and make drawings of the unique examples 
under his immediate care,—a favour for which, among many others, I beg to express my warmest thanks, and 
at the same time acknowledge my obligations. 

Of the habits and ceconomy of the Golden-green Aragari, as distinguished in the minuter details from 
those of its race, I have no information to communicate ; there is, however, one fact, as the Plate will show, 
sufficiently illustrated, namely, the change which the beak undergoes, not only in size, but also in colouring, 
during the progress of the bird from youth to maturity,—a change not peculiar to this species alone, but 
characteristic of the whole family ; and I may add, that it is from a want of sufficient attention to this circum- 
“stance, that many mistakes and much confusion have arisen. As regards the development of the beak, I may 
observe, that it is much more gradual than that of the rest of the body; for when the latter has acquired its 
complete dimensions, the former is little more than a third of the size it is afterwards to attain. 

Inhabits Mexico. 


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: ‘ Tew is yan. * nin : 
: a Pass A, _ i 
' : id ' 
\ : Po rie 
» 4 i ty ety his Asst) Ly f ; A 
; e ; f ; i F ~ “ 63 reer eee ae 
' F ‘ . vteshin of flor & 1 fa eereeertén, sald aaerteants 2 


& 


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Drom from Mekure & on stone by SRL. Coal. 


TEROGLOSSUS PAVONINUSs (Wagler). 
Peacock Groove-bill Aragari 


Printed ty 0 Hallimanied. 


<°PTEROGLOSSUS PAVONINUS. 


Peacock Groove-bill Aragari. 


Sprciric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro nigro, ad basin linea aurantiaco-flava circundato, laterihus (nist basin versus) flavis 
superné in ceruleo-viridem transeuntibus infra lined nigra a tomio sejunctis: prasinus, subtus 
pallidior tectricibus caudc inferioribus rectricumque apicibus brunneis ; remigibus nigrescenti- 


brunneis ; orbite rubra: pedes plumber. 


Bill black, with the exception of two thirds of the upper mandible (measuring from the point), . 
which has the central portion of the sides fine yellow, on the upper fading into rich blue 
green, on the lower, which is separated from the dentition line by a narrow stripe of black, 
the base of both mandibles surrounded by a line of orange yellow; the whole of the 
upper and under surface, with the exception of the under tail-coverts and the tip of the 
tail-feathers which are brown, is of a rich grass green, paler on the throat and under sur- 
face ; quills blackish brown; bare skin round the eye red; feet lead colour. 


Total length, 13 to 14 inches; Sell, nearly 3+; wing, 5+; tail, 5; tarsi, 1%. 


Pteroglossus pavoninus, Label in Royal Museum, Munich. Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., 
Part IIT. /234,42 


Tuts species is even more diminutive in each of its relative parts than Pter. Prasinus, which, as well as the 
present bird, is a native of Mexico. Independently of its less size, it may be distinguished from its near ally 
by the peculiar form and marking of the bill, the basal portion of which is entirely surrounded by black ; and 
a beautiful green and yellow colour is spread over the sides of the upper mandible. No other specimen than 
the one contained in the collection at Munich has come under my notice; a label bearing the name of Pter. 
pavoninus was attached to this example; and it would appear to have been a recent acquisition, from the 
circumstance of its not being noticed in the valuable Monograph of Dr. Wagler, who met an untimely death 
about two years since while on a shooting excursion near Munich; in passing through a hedge with a loaded 
gun, the muzzle of which was directed towards his body, it unfortunately exploded, and we regret to add 
caused a speedy termination to the worldly cares of a man whose numerous works and great abilities had 
rendered him one of the most scientific naturalists of the age. 


i 


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Akuein Jothe ee SL ah eis rine ad Wo, ae al orient agi 2, anbsonye esn’t a eee 
“i jomits tad vacvee Si RIE vwol oat ha vith yliisl sey) (be weilayie et Ao a a 1 
“ i bisdnrenevyty valine: et lone ee ceontaody (raat, Sill alliel aafd to yas iuiy Dirtae, aqind quit: i Pe: 
aut A ducts | iit ul ‘oly Lit may alt. on fusptrye al {imho wollay Tuas wert hitigend: te ae | } 
li vplusad (ode @ xe0llod (a8 Pala AND ard doiwe th ian aoneslions all iT favre set ye one ne : no 
lave tF feusay a mewal. ae ot “teesne eC hHuwer 3b fet 5 ubystnes mars of: bouil nate cd eae A a AGP yh 
‘aly aa fore ee ee wi VO Lis{vy iybA allenie sett wh hese yetind tou atl ly suber oar ey - ae 
a et ee a veukl we A, syed entle a, nu olive Sonia aint curd janie fo eae 
ie ave BIS drnielaes eri te at te. iiod idl virgo bord pays mie dsinhve, ie infsacea al PL ; ha) Slab 
Mii ida togra ban wtow. melon seadee OnE a7 as + gilabwcy oils, at angered efisonn i howiare ee fe hea eae 


ear = eet eR anita aaheins ann: ei Ww ue i bali oe eat 


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TEROGLOSSUS SULCATUS:;(Swains). 
Grooved-bill Aragar.. 


id on Stone by JkL Contd. Lrated by C Halimandel: 


PTEROGLOSSUS SULCATUS, Swainson. 


Grooved-bill Aracari. 


SPECIFIC CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro attenuato; mandibulis compressis, sulcatis, superioris sulcis utrinque duobus, 
e ° ° ° e ° A . ° \ . . . ° A 
inferioris unico ; supertore nigra, culmine apiceque saturate rufo-brunners ; wmfervore nigra, 


ad basin sanguined : viridis, subtus pallidior ; jugulo cinerascente ; genis cerulers. 


Beak attenuated, curved, and ending in a sharp point at the tip; mandibles compressed, the 
upper having two deep channels and the lower a single one on each side ; base of the lower 
mandible blood red; the culmen and tip deep rufous brown, the remaining portion black. 
Feathers covering the cheeks ceerulean blue. ‘The whole of the upper surface green, as is 
the under also, but somewhat lighter, and inclining to grey under the throat. 

Total length, from 11 to 13 inches ; bill, 3 to 3+; tarsus, 1s. 


Pteroglossus sulcatus. Swains., in Journ. of Roy. Inst., vol. 9. p. 267. and in Zool. Illus., 
vol. 1. pl. 44. Temm., Pl. Col., pl. 356. 


Tuis interesting species of Pteroglossus was first introduced to science by Mr. Swainson, who informs us it 
was received by him from the Spanish Main. Subsequently to the description which appeared in the ‘‘ Journal 
of the Royal Institution,” and the accurate figure given by Mr. Swainson in his “‘ Zoological Illustrations,” a 
second Plate of this bird has been published by M. Temminck in his “‘ Planches Coloriées.” Although 
many years have elapsed since the introduction of this bird, I am still unable to add any information to that 
already furnished by those able naturalists, its extreme rarity having hitherto precluded all possibility of 
ascertaining any particulars respecting its natural habits and manners. 

The great difference which the Péeroglossus sulcatus presents in the formation of its bill, together with some 
other characters, lead me to suspect that it will hereafter be found to constitute the type of a separate group, 
allied, in many important points, to the Barbets (Bucco): I am, however, restrained at present from 
instituting a new genus for its reception by the consideration that little information is as yet obtained respect- 
ing its habits, manners and general ceconomy. 

The two birds from which the figures were taken, and which are at present in the Museum of the Zoological 
Society of London, are considered to be male and female: should this ultimately prove to be the case, the 
sexes will offer no external difference except in size, the female being somewhat the least. 

Inhabits the Spanish Main and Guiana. 


mate Mi on 


2 CUT AK 20a Bue 120.190 HATS. 


4 


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s i es 


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‘wrath Stuy 4 syadvanyg\arn Giarterhiee “Suineiee oninalii A rN ve H LANNE : eat 4 wry anh te 
mi! ‘ 7 - * ‘ ¥ x ; i _ 
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ry Say, “ 4 M J . us iP ; e . | rt ia hi 
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mi ; - On) (bosteiqereo eadihage qu ont de Inog qiste s 66 glare Tap artim .betnuastis seat. . ie? 
. panes ’ r r { eel ' : 
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ae iswal olf lo. saad + shia ony. eto eta Gt vot wit haw eloaentds ierengmeen Toupee : ; a; 
: j «1% es _—. * co ae ' ‘ ; =) :- a rae 
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7 1g . - > r : : ’ A 
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tk rt : x: ' ) aa a idl ’ we glen (loa ie yee yi) uae ‘ad <p muppet wee L a " ‘ v4 rs le yao) carat a hos eevee pave ; 
; ; J e m! at i ll u \ - v 
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oh dusultlt. “vasbiwelo) dla al at feces” Ji yf hordetiddiny tele and ead afd To ie Bneose (0 
| i ae: pilt ext Atisorir rue hha ad aldcat Mts. gee Tid cid) Ps ania of? sonte be wks werd aig yew 
a4! ait is He festules advert owiireil viru! senders vit aterlipptnn ste swaeld wil lw ebater eet thawile 
: : ; r : J 7" il " 1 e r ‘ Pt 
ind  vaooeen lide aided devon afl paitsiqeet ealuacre ae Balser yy sets 
j r n . Jf 
soe athe ioitwuot Jin aio sanbariot at ap eiieowriy 10 wolwe gvkadhacsak oil? said, aod 1aa'hy aA 
ta hore Otemayee 2° will aduttientos.od Dawid od voting Miwa ines Pools oot dat f vil evalu sual oe tk 
a ; ; “i aa ¥ ces t : 
i tama ie honlewen Bagh: en i 1 (va) ath “edt “ot cRieritaes debian rns: ite biti oe. 
: emDaulutde tr Ae ed anoede rit dotHit walt aotevabiaces ‘ailiyd matkyiovt vi vib igoning awsiy t: netted be 
“f be _ . 1 
‘ ; Fie | ree ip fous focten serscerercert eas lod-ate. Fr 
a7 a } _ . |, 1 
leotgetiad adi Jo osesqwhe sith mr Seine wef in ren thikihw Bows svn sure eri gilt doidher anced whi: id og oa vy 
; as Ci eatin, 
” wit off at eee vinden & pd de :cinest hon stom 9f ot -bevaidennarera’ obeiost to ytaiout ‘) 
; 7 : ‘ ii 4 : a ve 
janet ah alia catia afwiant salt one ul Ap onunrettty: lewestien oer ee Eye ety 


ae -osuustiase) feb tee ate a heist ode, gttdngtgd 


a 


ullmardel 


CLL 


tagcat ‘ 


DERBIANUS. 


ebill A 


Derby's Groov 


PTEROGLOSSUS 


yy 


iy 


stove 


He oF 8 


Y from Nama 


PTEROGLOSSUS DERBIANUS. 
The Earl of Derby’s Aragari. 


Sprciric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro castaneo, anticé in brunnescenti-nigrum transeunte, ad basin fascia angusta, flavescents- 
albidé cincto: viridis, supra brunneo parum tinctus ; captte cerulescenti-viridi ; remigibus 
nigrescenti-brunners ; rectricum intermediarum duarwm apicibus castaneis; orbite rufo- 


brunnee ; tarsi ceruleo-plumber. 


Bill rich chestnut, passing into deep brownish black onthe middle of the upper and the anterior 
portion of the lower mandibles, the sides of the base of both having a narrow band of 
yellowish white ; the upper surface of the body green, with a slight tinge of brown; all 
the remaining plumage green, with the exception of the back of the head and neck, which 
are strongly tinged with blue, the primaries, which are blackish brown, and the ups of the 
two middle tail-feathers, which are chestnut ; space round the eyes reddish brown ; tarsi 


blueish lead colour. 
Total length, 143 to 15 inches ; bell, 33; wings, 5; tail, 5; tarse, 14. 


Aulacirhynchus Derbianus. Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc., Part III. p. 49. 


For the loan of the only example of this fine species which has come under my notice I am indebted to the 
kindness of the Earl of Derby, whose valuable collection has so often afforded me the opportunity of examining 
rare and new species. In naming this new bird after so distinguished and honourable an individual, I am 
influenced partly by the interest which His Lordship takes in the promulgation of science, especially orni- 
thology, and partly by the desire I feel to testify my respect and gratitude. 

As far as I have been able to ascertain, this species is an inhabitant of the Cordillerian Andes, from which 
country it came, although by an indirect channel, into the possession of Lord Derby, who kindly forwarded it 
to me for the purpose of its being figured and described. 

It differs from Pteroglossus sulcatus (the only known species with which it is likely to be confounded) in 
being more robust in size, and in having a more powerful and less attenuated bill, the basal angle of which is 
not carried near so far back as in Per. sulcatus: the brown tips of the middle tail-feathers of the present 
species, a character never seen in P. sulcatus, will also serve at all times to distinguish them. 


ce 


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iT creat evil agtuotlis cldinatnd Sie .' Pitt ty re Tat te ane buttal 
4. tir ty ad ofhe band: wee ehh gir at Nn 3g8. 250 fwin sort 
lecrerevlon aad. tee DED UREA an tsthw tev aul? qi ebro) hosnowfins 
shotliares fem featet vee idea of fect T otek o> ve qiismey brie yoy 
art d t : 4 _ i a 
; : ‘ al ie ih ao a me 
Wuder en st epinaga eit wheres 1d ahi evewh red Cau ant ad 
: ‘ ‘ i” : t 6 A ‘ 


Sig te ty atiah ilo nue Tomratlyen! a rif duwbulite est TGS. 
| tyegaliaey als iHik fonisif ovenf-e9¢ to upon eh ih Sat OF 

id dive antag wwond, Yee alt) pisth hte radeahaih aot xvottife at 

‘} lay soe saivait “i dwtae ae. at ‘bacechat yh at yea, 

waghine: SHNE ane dyed ih ein sited Hegre ‘tu 


yeh Tay tee ere Gath, liye easong A, ai a wera heskoyish i: f ‘apie 


Dros 


ni 


TEROGLOSSUS HA.MANOTUS . 


Blood-rumped. Groove-bill Aragari. 


Fronted: by C Hedimonde. 


PTEROGLOSSUS HHEMATOPYGUS. 
Blood-rumped Groove-bill Aracari. 


Speciric CHARACTER. 


Pter. rostro saturate castaneo : vertice, collo, dorsoque viridibus subolivacers ; subtius ceerulescente- 
viridis, pectore saturatiore ; uropygio coccineo; rectricebus quatuor imtermedus brunneo 


apiculatis ; orbit rubre ; pedes olwvaceo-brunnez. 


Bill of a deep dark chestnut; crown of the head and upper surface green inclining to olive ; 
rump blood-red ; the upper tail-coverts and tail green, the four middle feathers of the 
latter tipped with brown; whole of the under surface bluish green, which is more intense 
on the breast; naked skin round the eyes red; legs olive brown. 


Total length, 14 inches; bell 2+; wing, 47; taal, 54; tarsz, 14. 


Pteroglossus hematopygus, Gould, Proceedings of Zool. Soc. Part IT. p. 147. 


Turis new species will be readily distinguished from all known grooved-billed Aracaris by the white bands on 
the bill and the blood-red spot on the rump. Its nearest allies are Pter. sulcatus and Pter. Derbianus ; 
but independently of the blood-red spot on the rump already alluded to, it may always be distinguished from 
those species by its shorter bill, wider gape, and by the circumstance of the four middle tail-feathers being 
tipped with brown, while in Péter. Derdianus the two middle tail-feathers only are thus tipped. 

I cannot close this paper without offering my warmest thanks to N. C. Strickland, Ksq., for his kindness 
in lending me the present species to figure from, and who has at all times rendered me every assistance in his 
power by placing at my disposal for scientific investigation any species contained in his collection. The one 
in his possession, and another in the Royal Museum at Leyden, are, as far as I am aware, the only examples of 
this species at present known. I have to regret that Mr. Strickland could give me no information as to what 
part of South America his specimen was received from, but circumstances induce me to believe that it is from 


the Cordillerian Andes. 


OVAMRE SURAGEMIAEA 


>» - - 
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ad ae eleo trl vais ati vy Se Fy) opntnes 

sue hee Mego at i) 78 Ge CS et didw pnd eloeer lmtp 't 
| 2 ie ate as arte aj) fae ha [Cn unt 

ra pdve Ya aoe OT (erp arenty gil site gerbe id ni 
Peer er gay vf ae 

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xh 108 spencer crite Lo Aipeinedl Benaetih te eet ery wit 


Sabri) Sorilalnel ae 


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696 A monograph of the : ; i rT) 
P57G697 Ramphastidee, or family of ‘i f a 
a 1833 toucans / 4 


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* PHO DOC alee ye Zi 
: nme usc 
r eve ihe 
; et . avian fs 
: SRS Meets a 
‘ i 7 si m “ Ne Coth Rete haber 
anes ‘ “ : “ 
oe i . 
fe vals Ho ¢ Cert 

+ Geet 
A mG 9 ‘ie Ms 
its Vr < et 
CCST al het tie : 2 
race eee 


nike 


eas oe sa 
; ; Mace Soret nips : ee 
Cann 
: é ie mas auncho i aepaseies 
‘ ; ) : Henne an 
: ‘ ; Pine pe ; ; ai aos on 
; cpa : : Peat : 
wee potest De ab j Sn : ‘hy oa 
: cieraue saunsanteue : 
: ‘ 4 iciclsurea ts ae : ; " 
eat canvas : s 
ie rede cee eed a 
" yao Seite f 
oa be 
ten trees ‘ 
ne i 
“ ‘Ve : 
recat 


si 


Bh 


eat 


ee 
Rha 


Ane! 


on 


Te 


cides 
eat 


eat 
me 


BS 
omen Py ¢ 
eae 


Ot 
Rid erste reer 
seen 


ES 


ne 
i 


eG: 
tleetaesatuar 


NOT OG ttn. 
3 é Saveivlinons 


t att ni 
Pe 


te 
es 
ata men f i 
anal t Shira 
Tee “ 
isan: 


in 


retees i 
ae 
iA eine 


cia 
Ot 


to 


(epetees 


soe 
ADE OU a RT el 
Reo Ateoads iene 

Riera eht 


tein 


iy 


a 
: 


fh 
Dirt 
poe 


SAO hare 


pene 


0 Set oe 
ISS 


ie 
Bie es 
ati 
Wert ae 
Oht ie 
hs int 
een 
case 
mctice’s 


eanath 


fede 


nu 


ven 


messi 


alte 

: DPM ea 

is Jey ih daa 
sah 


De 


Wet wid gay 
9 A 


1G 4 


Baa ey 8 
Hoty 


e 


2 


4 
9h 


soa 


shsny 


Saas 


eae 9 


bee. 
eee 
ba inin ash 


Wel 


cay 


