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Of  1LLI  NOIS 


614. 09 
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KAMPMEYER  Ac  WAGNER 

BOOK  GiiiDfcRS./ 

30S  OLIVE  ST.,  ST.  LOUtS 


Annual  Report 


of  the 


Commissioner  of  Health 


MILWAUKEE. 


(TWENTY-SEVENTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT.) 


APRIL,  1904. 


■464770 


Withdrawn  1942 

» 


MILWAUKEE  : 

The  Edw.  Keogh  Press,  347-349  Broadway. 
1904. 


t L/ 


Withdrawn  1942 


I 


7 


M 


vy 


: - Mr  I 

COMHITTEE  ON  HEALTH 


OF  THE 


BOARD  OF  ALDERMEN. 


Fred.  C.  Bogk, 

F.  J.  Stiglbauer, 

John  McCoy, 

Geo.  Himmelstein, 

Chas.  J.  Fitzgerald, 

Thos.  E.  Hayes, 

Louis  Jenz, 

A.  J.  Langiiolff, 

H.  J.  Schilling. 


A 


3 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/annualreportofco1903milw 


\/ 

ncumiivdi 


Annual  Report 


of  the 


Commissioner  of  Health 


OF 


MILWAUKEE. 


(TWENTY-SEVENTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT.) 


APRIL,  1904. 


MILWAUKEE  : 

The  Edw.  Keogh  Press,  347-349  Broadway. 
1904. 


OFFICERS  AND  EHPLOYES 


OF  THE 

Health  Department  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee 

FOR  THE 

YEAR  ENDING  APRIL  14th,  1904. 


Commissioner  of  Health, 

F.  M.  SCHULZ.  Pii.  G.  M.  D. 

Medical  Assistants  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health , 

Arthur  J.  Patek,  M.  D.,  Louis  F.  J ermain,  M.  D., 

Gilbert  E.  Seaman,  M.  D., 

Charles  J.  Coffey,  M.  D.,  James  H.  Hackett,  M.  D., 

Food  Analyst,  . 

Otho  Fiedler,  M.  D. 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics, 

Frank  E.  Darling,  B.  S.,  M.  D. 

y 

Secretary, 

Frank  B.  Schutz. 

Cleric, 

Geo.  E.  Adams. 

Registration  Cleric, 

Miss  Belle  Beese, 

Confi denti  a l S ecreta  ry. 

Miss  Helen  Wilson. 

Stenographer, 

Miss  1ST.  H.  Taylor. 


5 


OFFICERS  AND  EriPLOYES-Continued. 


T.  H.  Curtis,  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 
David  Thomas,  Chief  of  Disinfecting  Corps. 
Henry  L.  Schulz,  Milk  Inspector. 

F.  J.  Carney,  Meat  Inspector. 

F.  Falbe,  Meat  Inspector. 

Phil.  Stock,  Meat  Inspector. 

Ed.  McGrath,  Meat  Inspector. 

Emil  Berciier,  Complaint  Clerk. 


H.  Kieiil, 


Sanitary  Police, 


F.  Mack,  Jr., 

J.  F.  Cunningham, 


E.  Seaman, 


Peter  McHugh, 

J.  Maiikorn, 

C.  F.  Kruckenberg, 


Jacob  H.  Schultz, 

John  J.  Houleiian, 

J.  Campbell, 

Felix  Michalak, 

J.  M.  Calligan, 

0.  Klein, 

Joe\  Derfus, 
John  Dolge. 


Matron  to  City  Isolation  Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases, 
Miss  Vera  Balegoski. 

Cook  to  City  Isolation  Hospital, 

Sarah  Haisler. 

Janitor  to  City  Isolation  Hospital. 

Mike  Haisler. 


REPORT. 


To  the  Honorable  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  City  of 
Milwaukee: 

Gentlemen — I have  the  honor  to  submit  for  your  consideration 
my  report  of  the  operations  of  the  Health  Department,  including  the 
report  of  the  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics,  the  Food  Analyst,  the 
Secretary,  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  and  the  Superintendent  of 
the  Collection  and  Disposal  of  Garbage,  for  the  year  ending  April 
12th,  1904,  being  the  27th  Annual  Report  of  this  Department. 

The  total  number  of  births  reported  during  the  year  1903  was 
7,546,  as  against  7,406  for  1902,  an  increase  of  140  births.  Of  this 
number  3,837  were  males  and  3,709  females,  giving  the  city  an  annual 
birth  rate  per  1,000  population  of  23.95. 

The  total  number  of  deaths  reported  during  the  year  1903  was 
4,091 ; 2,197  males  and  1,894  females. 

This  gives  the  City  of  Milwaukee  the  remarkably  low  death  rate 
of  12.99  per  1,000  upon  an  estimated  population  of  315,000,  the  lowest 
death  rate  of  any  city  of  its  size  in  the  United  States. 

Appended  herewith  is  a table  of  some  of  the  larger  cities  of  the 
United  States,  their  estimated  population  for  1903,  and  the  annual 
death  rate  per  1,000  population: 


Estimated  Death 

Population  Kate 

City.  1903.  1903. 

Milwaukee 315,000  12.99 

Detroit  350,000  13.45 

Buffalo 380,000  14.95 

Chicago  1,885,000  15.00 

Cleveland 420,000  16.18 

St.  Louis. 645,000  17.26 

Boston  600,929  17.70 

7 


8 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Estimated  Death 


Population  Rate 

1903.  19Q3. 

New  York 3,732,900  18. IS 

Baltimore 533,000  18.30 

San  Francisco 410,000  18.59 

Philadelphia  1,378,624  18.82 

Washing-ton 295,193  20.12 

New  Orleans 317,000  21.15 


It  is  most  gratifying  to  note  the  gradual  and  steady  decrease  in  the 
mortality  rate  of  our  city  within  the  last  thirty  years.  With  a rate  of 
25.43  in  1872,  when  Milwaukee  had  a population  of  79,500,  we  see 
this  rate  cut  down  approximately  one-half  for  the  year  1903,  notwith- 
standing the  great  increase  in  population  to  315,000.  This  is  a record 
that  Milwaukee  may  feel  justly  proud  of. 

The  deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of  age  numbered  1,403,  as 
against  1,353  for  1902,  giving  the  city  the  lowest  infant  mortality  in 
its  history,  i.  e.,  34.03  per  cent.,  to  total  deaths. 

By  referring  to  the  following  table  the  gradual  reduction  in  infant 
mortality  to  the  total  number  of  deaths,  occurring  within  the  last  ten 
years,  can  be  better  demonstrated: 


Years. 

Total 

Deaths. 

Under 
One  Year. 

One  to 
Five  Years, 

Per  Cent. 
Under  Five 
Total  Under  to  Total 
, Five  Years.  Deaths. 

1892 

4,516 

1,479 

744 

2 223 

49,2 

1893 

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

4,253 

1,441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

3.904 

1,297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897 

3,606 

1,077 

425 

1,502 

41.6 

1898 

3,338 

1,010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

3,843 

1,113 

428 

1,541 

40.1 

1900 

4,026 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

3,833 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

3,796 

963 

390 

1,353 

35.6 

1903 

4.091 

1.103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

47.553 

14,723 

5,730 

20,453 

39.1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


9 


This  decided  improvement  in  the  death  rate  of  infants  is  in  the 
main  due  to  the  improved  quality  of  the  milk  furnished  to  the  con- 
sumers.in  Milwaukee.  If  we  consider  that  an  infant  in  the  first  two 
years  of  its  existence  depends  mainly  upon  milk  for  its  sustenance, 
the  great  importance  of  a pure  and  wholesome  supply  of  milk  can  be 
better  appreciated.  Our  efforts  in  the  past  year  have  been  unremit- 
ting to  further  improve  the  quality  of  the  milk  by  a systematic  method 
■of  supervision  of  all  the  milk  shipped  into  the  city.  Not  alone  were 
.all  the  milk  depots  and  dairies  in  the  city  closely  watched,  but  at 
repeated  intervals  our  inspectors  would  make  a tour  of  inspection  of 
all  the  dairies  in  the  surrounding  country  that  furnished  milk  to  the 
city,  giving  advice  and  instructions  as  to  the  cleanliness  and  proper 
•care  of  milk. 

Not  satisfied  with  a better  milk  supply  only,  our  efforts  have  also 
been  directed  to  still  further  reduce  the  infant  mortality  by  educa- 
tional literature  distributed,  during  the  hot  summer  months,  to  every 
household  from  which  a birth  was  reported  to  this  office.  What  the 
result  of  this  work  has  been  I believe  the  above  figures  prove  con- 
clusively. Appended  herewith  is  one  of  the  circulars  of  instruction 
to  mothers  during  the  hot  summer  months  : 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HEALTH,  MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 


General  Rules  for  the  Management  of  Infants  During  the  Hot  Season. 

Most  of  the  diarrhoea!  diseases  of  children,  and  especially  those  occurring' 
during’  the  summer  mouths,  are  primarily  due  to  improper  feeding  and  lack 
of  general  sanitation.  With  the  object  in  view  of  lessening  the  prevalence 
of  these  maladies,  the  Department  of  Health  recomin nds  the  following’  rules 
for  the  general  management  of  infants,  especially  during  the  hot  season: 

Rule  1. — Rathe  the  child  once  a day  in  luke-warm  water,  as  the  health 
of  the  child  depends  much  upon  its  cleanliness.  If  the  child  be  feeble,  sponge 
it  once  or  twice  a day  with  luke-warm  water,  to  which  a very  little  alcohol 
or  vineg’ar  has  been  added. 

Rule  2. — Avoid  tight  bandaging.  Have  the  inner  garment  of  light  flannel 
and  the  remainder  of  the  clothing  light  and  cool,  all  being  sufficiently  loose 


10 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


to  allow  free  play  of  the  body  and  limbs.  Always  undress  the  child  at  night 
and  put  on  a cool,  light,  g’arment,  never  using  the  same  garments  at  nig'ht 
that  are  used  during  the  daytime,  and  vice  versa.  On  removing  the  gar- 
ments, hang'  those  that  are  not  to1  be  used  near  an  open  window  that  they 
may  be  thoroughly  aired  before  being  used  again.  Use  clean  diapers,  and 
change  them  frequently,  never  using’  one  that  has  been  “dried”  before  it  has 
been  thoroughly  washed  in  boiling  water. 

Rule  3. — The  child  should  sleep  by  itself  in  a cot  or  cradle.  It  should  be 
put  to  bed  at  a reg'ular  and  early  hour,  and  it  is  well  to  teach  children, 
when  very  young,  to  go  to  sleep  without  being  rocked  or  nursed  in  the  arms. 
Without  the  advice  of  a physician,  never  give  sleeping  drops,  cordials,  sooth- 
ing syrups,  etc.,  as  yearly  many  children  die  from  poisonous  effects  of  these 
drugs.  Whenever  a child  frets  and  does  not  sleep,  if  it  is  not  ill,  it  is  usually 
hungry,  or  perhaps  thirsty.  A small  amount  of  boiled  water,  cooled,  will 
often  satisfy  a child,  and  it  is  a good  practice  to  g'ive  them  a small  amount 
at  frequent  intervals  during  the  day.  Never  quiet  a child  by  candy,  or  by 
cake,  as  they  are  the  common  causes  of  diarrhoea  and  other  complaints. 

Rule  4. — A child  needs  plenty  of  fresh  air.  In  the  cool  of  the  morning 
and  early  evening  have  it  out  of  doors.  Whenever  it  seems  to  suffer  from  the 
heat,  let  it  drink  freely  of  water  which  has  been  previously  boiled  and  cooled. 
Never  allow  a child  to  remain  in  a room  in  which  washing  or  cooking’  is  going 
on.  The  influence  of  excessive  heat  reduces  the  vitality  of  young’  infants. 

Rule  5. — Keep  your  house  sweet  and  clean,  cool  and  well  aired.  In  very 
hot  weather  keep  the  windows  open  day  and  night,  and  never  allow  the 
room  to  smell  “close.”  Do  not  allow  slops,  soiled  diapers,  etc.,  to  remain  in 
the  room,  as  such  poison  the  air  and  are  not  conducive  to  health.  If  foul 
odors  are  noticed  arising  from  the  sink  or  closets,  place  in  them  a small 
amount  of  the  chloride  of  lime,  such  as  may  be  procured  at  any  drug’  store. 
If  this  does  not  do-away  with  the  nuisance,  report  the  same  to  the  Department 
of  Health,  and  such  will  be  investigated. 

Rule  6. — The  best  food  for  young  infants  is  the  mother’s  milk.  Never 
attempt  to  wean  a child  just  before  or  during  the  summer  months,  unless 
advised  to  do  so  by  a physician.  When  there  are  existing  circumstances, 
which  absolutely  require  weaning,  consult  a physician,  SO'  that  the  proper 
precautions  may  be  taken  to  prevent  the  child  becoming  ill.  When  the 
mother  has  not  enough  nurse,  it  is  not  advisable  to  entirely  wean  the  infant 
during  the  summer  months,  but  give,  besides  the  breast,  good  g’oat’s  or  cow’s 
milk.  Do  not  nurse  the  child  oftener  than  every  two  or  three  hours  during 
the  day,  and  as  seldom  as  possible  during  the  night,  avoiding,  as  much  as 
possible,  nursing  when  the  mother  is  over-heated  or  g’reatly  fatigued. 

Rule  7.— If  the  child  has  been  brought  up  “on  the  bottle”  the  best  diet 
for  it  is  milk,  either  from  the  goat  or  cow.  Goat’s  milk  is  nearest  to  that  of 
the  mother’s  and  cow’s  milk  is  next.  It  is  necessary  to  be  certain  that  the 
milk  used  is  not  skimmed  and  is  pure.  As  soon  as  milk  is  received  from 
the  dealer,  it  should  be  placed  in  clean,  closed  cans  or  vessels  in  a cool,, 
well-ventilated  place.  In  hot  weather  it  is  advisable  to  sterilize  all  milk 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


11 


(described  in  Rule  10)  soon  as  received,  as  this  insures  it  remaining  sweet  a 
greater  length  of  time.  If  a child  thrives  on  a milk  diet,  no  other  food 
whatsoever  shall  be  given  while  the  hot  weather  lasts.  Articles  of  diet,  such 
as  sago,  arrow  root,  potatoes,  corn  flour,  bread,  crackers  and  certain  patent 
foods,  which  contains  starch,  must  not  be  depended  on  as  food  for  young 
infants,  and  this  especially  applies  to  those  infants  who  have  not  cut  their 
front  teeth. 

Rule  8. — Evidences  of  health  in  babies: — - 

No  vomiting. 

Regular  increase  in  weight. 

One  to  three  stools  a day. 

Child  quiet. 

No  diarrhoea  during*  teething. 

One  of  the  most  common  causes  of  vomiting  is  overfeeding. 

In  hot  weather,  if  a child  becomes  feverish,  restless,  vomits  frequently 
and  has  numerous  loose  stools,  consult  a physician,  and  in  the  meantime, 
abstain  from  feeding  for  a few  hours,  give  cool  water  to  drink  and  sponge  the 
body  with  cool  water. 

Rule  9. — All  bottles  and  nipples  should  be  thoroughly  cleansed  before 
being  used  a second  time.  This  can  be  accomplished  by  washing  the  bottles 
in  boiling  water  and  soaking  the  nipples,  for  a short  length  of  time,  in  water 
in  which  a little  soda  has  been  added,  great  care  being  taken  to  thoroug'hly 
remove  all  traces  of  the  soda,  by  rinsing  them  inside  and  out  in  plain  water. 
The  only  desirable  nursing  outfit  is  a plain  bottle  with  an  ordinary  rubber 
nipple,  without  a,  tube.  It  is  a good  plan  to>  have  two  or  more  such  outfits 
that  they  may  be  used  alternately. 

Rule  10. — Method  for  the  sterilization  of  milk.  The  utensils  necessary 

are: 

(1.)  A sterilizer.  Such  can  easily  be  made  from  an  ordinary 
tin  pail  or  pot,  about  ten  inches  deep  by  nine  inches  in  diameter, 
having  a tightly-fitting  tin  cover.  Perforate  the  cover  with  eight 
holes,  each  an  inch  in  diameter.  The  holes  should  be  arranged 
in  a circle,  midway  between  the  border  of  the  cover  and  its 
center.  The  center  should  also  be  perforated  with  an  opening  of 
the  same  size. 

(2.)  A wire  basket  of  sufficient  size  to  hold  several  nursing' 
bottles.  (Such  baskets  are  sold  in  the  shops  for  this  purpose.) 

(3.)  Rubber  corks  for  the  bottles. 

(4.)  A bristle  brush  for  cleaning  bottles. 

Directions  (Ivoplik). — Place  the  milk,  pure  or  diluted  (as  doctor  may 
direct)  in  the  nursing  bottles,  and  place  the  latter  in  the  wire  basket.  Put 
only  sufficient  milk  for  one  nursing  in  each  bottle.  Do  not  cork  the  bottles 
at  first. 

Having*  previously  poured  about  two  inches  of  water  in  the  tin  pail  or  pot, 
and  brought  it  to  the  boiling*  point,  lower  the  basket  of  nursing  bottles  slowly 


12 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


into  the  pot.  Do  not  allow  the  bottles  to  touch  the  water,  or  they  will  burst. 
Put  on  the  perforated  cover,  and  let  the  steaming’  continue  for  ten  minutes; 
then  remove  the  cover  and  firmly  cork  each  bottle.  After  replacing-  the  cover, 
allow  the  steaming  to  continue  fifteen  minutes  longer  in  the  winter,  and 
twenty  minutes  longer  in  the  summer.  The  steam  must  be  allowed  to  escape 
freely,  or  the  temperature  will  rise  too  high. 

The  process  of  sterilization  is  now  completed.  Place  the  basket  of  bottles 
in  a cool,  dark. place  in  an  ice  chest.  The  bottles  must  not  be  opened  until 
just  before  the  milk  is  to  be  used,  and  then  it  may  be  warmed  by  plunging 
the  bottle  in  warm  water.  If  properly  prepared,  the  milk  will  taste  but 
little  like  boiled  milk.  There  will  not  be  a thick  ring-  around  the  inside  of 
the  bottle,  and  no  butter  will  be  seen  floating  on  the  surface. 

The  temperature  attained  under  the  conditions  stated  above  will  not 
exceed  in  extreme  cases  188  degrees  F. 

Milk  should  be  sterilized  when  it  is  fresh  as  possible,  and  only  sufficient 
milk  for  twenty -four  hours  should  be  sterilized  at  one  time.  If,  after  nursing, 
the  infant  leaves  some  milk  in  the  bottle,  this  should  be  thrown  away. 

When  ice  can  not  be  procured,  milk  in  bottles  may  be  kept  cool  by 
wrapping  them  in  a cloth  saturated  with  water,  evaporation  keeping’  them 
cool. 

F.  M.  SCHULZ,  M.  D., 

Health  Commissioner. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


1& 

The  number  of  deaths  from  contagious  diseases  has  again  been 
lower  than  previous  years.  The  only  disease  showing  a sharp  increase 
over  all  other  years  is  pneumonia ; as  this  increase,  however,  has  been 
universal  all  over  the  country,  it  can  not  be  attributed  to  any  local 
causes.  I herewith  append  a table  showing  the  number  of  deaths, 
for  the  last  ten  years  from  some  of  the  leading  diseases: 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

1894 

1895  j 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900  | 

1901 

l 

1902  | 

1 

| 1903 

Typhoid  Fever 

70 

63  | 

| 46 

31 

46 

47 

59 

63 

48 

i - 

Measles  

69 

d 

| 29 

36 

2 

26 

36 

17 

36  j 

1 1 

Scarlet  fever 

i 12 

5 

4 

3 

2 

36 

70 

16 

10 

9- 

Whooping'  cough 

69 

60 

15 

19 

53 

9 

46 

21 

49 

43- 

Diphtheria  

| 237 

179 

198 

106 

61 

109 

124 

100 

85 

64 

Pulmonary  tuberculosis 

| 354 

288 

335 

346 

316 

372 

373 

400 

320 

362. 

Cancer  

1 

| 107 

139 

158 

164 

166 

194 

196 

206 

208 

212 

Meningitis  

| 107 

82 

1 

| 96 

70 

108 

123 

72 

93 

93 

90- 

Apoplexy  

90 

90  ' 

| 108 

92 

107 

120 

139 

160 

144 

181 

Convulsions  

250 

239 

246 

191 

127 

144 

140 

124 

94 

132 

Organic  heart  disease 

143 

161 

185 

212 

190 

228 

227 

197 

254 

295- 

Bronchitis  

169 

181 

189 

193 

182 

173 

180 

176 

. 230 

184r 

Pneumonia  

245 

271 

237 

239 

227 

281 

299 

272 

280 

| 456: 

Diarrhoea!  diseases 

348 

323 

298 

244 

350 

400 

439 

322 

340 

286 

Nephritis  — 

77 

95 

106 

110 

106 

132 

121 

132 

156 

i 167' 

Congenital  debility  

415 

364 

347 

217 

194 

244 

323 

290 

234 

314'- 

Senile  debility 

| 124 

116 

1 

108 

123 

| 84 

69 

78 

115 

92 

106' 

Suicides  

| 46 

48 

| 58 

j 62 

| 62 
1 

49 

59 

59 

69 

74 

Accidents  

j 

11.9 

| 145 

1 

143 

I 125 

I 

| 116 

155 

1 

| 152 

166 

188 

I 186- 

MILK. 

During  the  year  1903,  10,870  samples  of  milk  and  cream  were 
collected  and  analyzed  by  this  Department.  The  percentage  of 
butter  fat  in  milk  averaged  3.71  per  cent,  and  in  cream  19.24  per  cent. 
The  number  of  dealers  arrested  during  the  year  was  44,  and  the 
amount  of  fines  imposed  by  the  court  was  $600.  Our  custom  of 
examining  the  milk  directly  upon  its  arrival  at  the  various  depots, 
and  of  dumping  the  contents  of  all  cans  that  were  either  found  below 


14 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


the  required  standard,  or  filthy,  seemed  still  to  have  the  beneficial 
effect  upon  the  outside  shipper  as  heretofore. 

With  the  advent  of  the  hot  season  it  is  our  intention  to  detail  an 
inspector  to  visit  all  the  dairies  that  supply  milk  to  the  city.  His 
work  will  consist  in  observing  and  taking  notes  of  the  sanitary  con- 
dition of  all  these  dairies — the  location  and  quality  of  their  water 
.supply — the  condition  of  the  barns  and  the  herds,  and  whether  neces- 
sary precautions  are  taken  by  the  owner  to  keep  his  dairy  in  a sanitary 
condition  so  as  to  enable  him  to  furnish  a clean  product.  In  the  event 
of  an  owner  whose  dairy  shall  be  found  in  a filthy  or  unsanitary  con- 
dition, refusing  to  comply  with  our  request  for  improving  the  existing 
conditions,  the  product  of  his  dairy  will  be  barred  from  this  city. 

The  dairy  owners,  when  they  find  that  the  Health  Department 
insists  upon  a pure  milk  supply  and  intends  to  compel  them  to  main- 
tain their  dairies  in  a sanitary  condition,  will  readily  fall  in  with  the 
new  idea,  as  it  will  be  to  their  financial  interests  to  do  so.  By  these 
means  it  will  be  possible  for  us  to  absolutely  control  the  entire  supply 
of  milk  to  the  city. 

DIPHTHERIA. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  353  cases  of  diphtheria  reported 
to  this  Department,  with  64  deaths,  a mortality  rate  of  18.13.  The 
following  interesting  table  shows  the  number  of  cases  of  diphtheria 
and  the  number  of  deaths  from  this  disease  since  the  year  1892: 


Mortuary. 

Year.  Population.  No.  Cases.  Deaths.  Rate. 

1892  - 223,000  1,193  400  33.5 

1893  232,000  620  209  33.7 

1894  241,000  436  165  37.8 

1895  250,000  375  112  30. 

1896  260,000  919  198  21.5 

1897  275,000  701  138  19.6 

1898  280,000  343  61  17.7 

1899  285,000  716  124  17.1 

1900  290,000  722  109  13.7 

1991 295,000  483  100  20.7 

1902  300,000  455  S3  18.2 

1903  315,000  353  64  18,1 


COMMISSION  Ell  OF  HEALTH. 


15 

The  above  figures  show  that  the  mortality  rate  of  diphtheria  in 
1892  was  1.79  per  cent,  to  1,000  population,  and  in  1903  was  0.20  per 
cent,  to  1,000  population,  or  taking  the  same  ratio  for  1903  as  1892, 
the  number  of  deaths  from  this  disease  would  have  been  563  instead 
of  64,  or  nearly  ten  times  the  actual  number. 

The  deaths  from  diphtheria  have  steadily  decreased  since  the 
advent  of  antitoxine.  Were  this  remedy  used  sufficiently  early  in  the 
disease  and  in  larger  doses  than  is  generally  the  rule,  I am  fully  con- 
vinced that  the  mortuary  rate  would  be  still  further  reduced. 

To  facilitate  the  speedy  diagnosis  of  diphtheria,  the  department 
has  established  throughout  the  city  culture  stations  in  drug  stores, 
where  culture  tubes  and  apparatus  for  obtaining  cultures  of  bacteria 
present  in  doubtful  cases  can  be  obtained.  These  cultures  are  sent 
to  the  department,  and  in  a very  short  time  (12  to  24  hours)  a positive 
diagnosis  is  possible. 

SCARLET  FEVER. 

There  were  reported  to  this  department  during  1903,  332  cases  of 
scarlet  fever  with  nine  deaths,  giving  a mortality  rate  of  only  2.75. 
This  is  a very  low  rate,  and  shows  that  the  disease  existed  during  the 
year  in  a very  mild  form.  The  decrease  in  the  number  of  cases  since 
1900 — when  we  had  1,726  cases,  with  70  deaths — can  only  be  due  to 
the  more  stringent  regulations  adopted  a few  years  ago,  when  this 
department  established  the  rule  that  thirty  days  quarantine  was  to  be 
the  minimum  for  this  disease. 

MEASLES. 

During  the  past  year,  Milwaukee,  with  a population  of  315,000, 
reports  only  one  death  due  to  measles.  This  is  remarkable  for  a city 
the  size  of  Milwaukee.  The  number  of  cases  reported  to  the  depart- 
ment was  63.  This,  however,  can  only  be  a fraction  of  the  number 
that  actually  did  exist,  as  not  all  the  cases  are  reported  by  the  attend- 
ing physician,  as  the  law  requires  they  should  be. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


16 

SMALLPOX. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  reported  to  this  department  236 
cases  of  smallpox,  with  one  death,  as  against  261  cases  and  one  death 
for  1902.  The  disease  again  manifested  itself  in  the  same  mild  form 
as  in  1902,  and  to  this  fact  mainly  is  due  the  difficulty  of  completely 
stamping  out  the  disease  in  the  city.  In  most  instances  the  cases 
were  so  mild  in  character  that  a physician  would  not  be  consulted, 
the  family  being  under  the  impression  that  they  had  to  deal  simply 
with  a case  of  chicken  pox,  and  in  not  a few  instances  physicians 
have  even  pronounced  cases  as  chicken  pox  which  later  development 
proved  to  be  true  cases  of  variola.  By  the  time  our  attention  would 
be  called  to  these  cases  we  generally  had  to  cope  with  a small-sized 
epidemic  in  the  district  where  the  first  case  originated.  These  con- 
ditions made  it  extremely  difficult  for  us  to  successfully  fight  The  dis- 
ease. Add  to  this  the  impossibility  of  compelling  general  vaccination 
and  it  can  readily  be  seen  how  the  department  was  handicapped  in 
its  work.  However,  up  to  the  present  time  smallpox  has  failed  to  get 
a firm  foothold  in  the  city,  and  at  no  time  has  the  disease  got  beyond 
our  control.  Whenever  a case  is  reported  to  this  department  imme- 
diate steps  are  taken  to  prevent  its  spread.  The  patient  suffering 
from  the  disease  is  removed  to  the  Isolation  Hospital ; the  premises 
are  thoroughly  fumigated  ; if  necessary  bedding  and  other  infected 
material  are  destroyed  by  fire,  and  all  members  of  . the  family,  rela- 
tives and  neighbors  who  may  have  been  exposed  to  the  contagion 
are  either  vaccinated  or  quarantined  for  fourteen  days.  Similar  rules 
are  carried  out  in  the  factories  and  schools  which  members  of  the 
family  attend.  In  adopting  these  stringent  measures  we  have  been 
successful  in  preventing  a further  spread  in  every  instance.  Were 
it  possible  for  this  department  to  enforce  compulsory  vaccination 

throughout  the  entire  city,  it  would  be  but  a short  time  before  the 

/ 

disease  would  die  out  completely.  Through  vaccination,  and  vaccin- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


17 


ation  only,  shall  we  ever  succeed  of  entirely  ridding  ourselves  of 
smallpox.  Vaccination,  if  properly  done  by  a competent  physician, 
with  carefully  selected  bovine  virus,  and  under  aseptic  conditions 
before  and  after  vaccination,  is  entirely  free  from  risk  or  danger. 

RABIES. 

Within  the  last  two  years  repeated  accounts  of  cases  of  hydro- 
phobia among  dogs  and  other  animals  occurring  in  different  parts  of 
the  state,  were  published  in  our  daily  papers.  On  June  2.7th  of  this  year 
the  first  case  occurring  in  this  city  was  reported  t*o  this  department. 
As  it  was  impossible  for  us  at  that  time  to  make  the  necessary  invest- 
igations to  prove  a positive  diagnosis,  we  referred  the  case  to  the 
Experimental  Station  of  the  State  University  at  Madison.  In  due 
time  we  received  positive  information  from  Dr.  Frost  as  to  the  nature 
of  the  disease.  Both  the  rabbits  which  were  inoculated  having  mani- 
fested undoubted  symptoms  of  hydrophobia,  resulting  in  their  deaths. 

From  this  time  on  repeated  cases  have  occurred  in  this  city,  mak- 
ing it  imperative  that  means  should  be  devised  and  measures  adopted 
to  stop  the  further  spread  of  this  fearful  scourge. 

The  following  letter  of  the  Bacteriologist  shows  the  true  condi- 
tions at  this  time. 

Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Dear  Sir — I have  the  honor  to  report,  in  accordance  with  your  request, 
that  during-  the  past  two  years  a number  of  cases  of  hydrophobia  in  men 
and  the  lower  animals  have  been  diagnosed  in  various  parts  of  the  State  of 
Wisconsin.  In  our  own  city  no  case  was  reported  to  your  department,  and 
hence,  probably,  no  case  occurred  until  the  last  of  June  of  the  present  year. 
On  the  28th  of  that  month  a dog-,  having-  shown  symptoms  more  or  less 
typical  of  rabies, in  the  canine,  and  having-  bitten  nine  people,  was  shot  by 
the  police,  and  the  body  brought  to  our  laboratories  for  the  purpose  of 
making-  a diag-nosis.  Because  we  had  no  animals  upon  which  to  experiment, 
and  more  especially  because  we  had  not  practiced  the  technique  of  the  opera- 
tion for  making  experimental  inoculations,  the  head  of  the  animal  was  taken 
to  the  experiment-  station  at  Madison,  where  Dr.  Frost  and  your  analyst  each 
inoculated  a rabbit  with  the  emulsion  of  the  dog’s  medulla.  The  rabbits 
developed  rabies  and  died  on  the  18th  day,  having  manifested  such  symptoms 


18 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


and  such  a course  of  the  disease,  ending’  in  death,  as  led,  in  the  absence  of 
any  pathological  finding’s  on  the  post,  mortem  to  indicate  other  cause  of 
death,  to  the  diagnosis  of  rabies. 

Since  that  time  sixty-two  cases  have  been  reported  to  us  and  sixty-two- 
animals  either  kept  under  surveillance,  and  if  suspicious  symptoms'  were 
manifested  and  death  resulted,  experimented  with  to  determine  cause  of 
death,  or  if  shot  because  deemed  rabid  the  same  experimental  work  has  been 


carried  out  in  order  to  arrive  at  a positive  diagnosis. 

The  following  table  gives  the  results  of  this  work: 

Total  number  of  dogs  reported  or  experimented G2 

(A)  Number  kept  confined  and  upon  which  observations  were 

made  to  determine  the  nature  of  the  disease 51 

1.  Number  of  these  dismissed  as  not,  hydrophobia,  from 

course  of  disease  and  symptoms 47 

2.  Number  that  died  and  from  which  inoculations  were  made  4 

(a)  Positive  of  these 1 

(b)  Negative  of  these 2 

(c)  Undetermined 1 

(B)  Number  shot  and  sent  to  department  for  examination 11 

1.  Number  of  positive 4 

2.  Number  of  negative 6 

3.  Uncertain / ’.  . 1 

Total  positive 5 

Total  undetermined 1 

Total  negative 55 

Total  negative  from  symptoms  and  course  of  disease 46 

Total  negative  from  inoculation 9 

Total  uncertain  because  of  development  of  septicaemia 1 

Number  of  people  bitten  by  suspicious  dogs 31 

Number  of  people  bitten  by  rabid  dogs 17 

Number  of  people  bitten  by  uncertain  dogs 7 

Number  of  people  bitten  by  not  rabid  dogs 7 


Besides  these  cases  we  have  investigated  one  positive  case  from  Marsh- 
field, Wis.,  a positive  case  in  a cow  in  Brown  Deer. 

Because  of  the  early  diagnosis  of  the  disease  in  the  rabid  dogs  those 
bitten  have  been  enabled  to  take  the  Pasteur  treatment,  and  thus  their  lives 
have  been  saved.  One  case  in  which  a diagnosis  w as  not  made  in  the  dog*,  since 
we  were  not  informed  of  the  facts  and  could  not  obtain  the  animal’s'  head 
for  experimental  inoculation,  developed  hydrophobia  and  died  a most  terrible 
and  agonizing  death. 

From  all  this  it  is  most  evident  that  rabies  has  and  does  and  will  continue 
to  manifest  itself  in  our  city  unless  some  radical  measures  are  instituted  to 
stamp  out  this  horrible  and  dread  messenger  of  death.  I am  cognizant  that 
' there  are  those  in  our  city  who  claim  that  there  have  been  no  cases  of  rabies 
within  our  corporate  limits;  they  go  even  further  and  rashly  state  that  there 


COMMISSIONED  OF  HEALTH. 


19 


is  no  such  disease.  Since,  howe'ver,  these  statements  come  from  people  who 
have  not  taken  the  trouble  to  experimentally  demonstrate  their  position  or 
investigate  the  cases,  many  of  them  knowing  nothing  of  the  vast  amount  and 
character  of  scientific  work  that  has  been  done  for  a quarter  of  a century  in 
this  line,  their  position  is  hardly  tenable,  and  since  the  statement  of  those 
who  claim  that  no  such  disease  exists  is  opposed  by  the  positive  knowledge 
of  every  member  of  the  medical  profession  and  by  the  knowledge  and  labora- 
tory demonstrations  of  every  worker  in  this  field,  their  opinion  is  hardly 
worthy  of  consideration.  They  are  not  qualified  either  in  the  special  knowl- 
edge of  this  subject  or  by  their  experience  to  give  an  opinion  which  can  be 
considered  of  sufficient  value  or  so  based  as  to  carry  any  weight,  much  less 
conviction. 

The  experimental  work  which  we  have  performed  in  the  study  of  these 
cases  has  been  so  conclusive  as  to  give  us  a check  upon  our  work.  To  this 
end  we  first  performed  the  operation  and  inoculated  the  rabbits  with  sterile 
water  and  bouillon  to  acquire  the  technique  essential  to  rapid  operation  with 
least  injury  to  the  rabbits.  We  have  inoculated  rabbits  with  an  emulsion  of 
the  medulla  of  a dog  known  to  be  healthy.  We  have  inoculated  so-called 
control  rabbits  under  exactly  the  same  conditions  and  with  the  same 
technique  as  in  the  animals  for  diagnosis,  the  only  difference  being  that  in 
the  control  we  used  the  medulla  from  a healthy  dog,  and  in  the  others  the 
medulla  of  a rabid  dog.  In  only  one  case,  the  one  in  which  by  faulty  opera- 
tion we  greatly  injured  the  brain  of  a rabbit,  did  animals  die,  and  in  this  case 
the  next  day,  except  after  inoculation  with  emulsion  of  medulla  of  rabid 
animals,  and  in  these  cases  death  supervened  from  eighteen  to  forty-eight 
days  later. 

Of  eighteen  inoculations  which  we  have  made,  rabbits  died  but  in  five 
cases,  if  we  exclude  one  inoculated  from  the  brain  of  a man  who  died  of  the 
rabies  according  to  the  attending  physician’s  statement  and  pathological 
findings  upon  the  post  mortem. 

Again  we  have  twice  made  reinoculations  from  rabbits  that  have  gone 
mad,  and  in  both  cases  verified  our  findings.  Moreover,  we  have  invariably 
held  post  mortems  on  the  deceased  rabbits  and  made  inoculations  from  the 
blood  to  prove  the  absence  of  death  resulting  from  operation  or  cause  other 
than  rabies,  to  prove  the  absence  of  septicaemia  or  blood  poisoning. 

These  facts  1 respectfully  submit  to  you  for  consideration.  You  are  well 
aware  that  since  rabies  has  been  diagnosed  and  exists  among  dogs  in  our 
city,  the  liability  to  its  increase,  even  to  epidemic  proportions,  is  to  be  con- 
sidered. It  is  possible,  even  probable,  that  some  rabid  dog,  roving  as  is  their 
tendency  when  afflicted,  passed  through  our  city  during'  the  early  summer 
months  and  bit  one  or  two  dogs,  thus  introducing  the  infection.  The  bitten 
dogs  became  mad  and  bit  others,  and  thus  the  number  of  possible  victims 
increases  in  geometrical  ratio.  Cases  reported  to  the  laboratory  and  found 
positive  are  more  frequent  in  December  than  in  July. 


20 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


What  grave  results  may  follow  unless  some  measures  are  taken  to  stamp 
out  the  disease,  it  is  difficult  to  predict,  but  an  epidemic  is  not  outside  the 
range  of  possibilities. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Analyst. 

An  ordinance  was  hereupon  introduced  in  the  common  council 
requiring  that  all  dogs  in  this  city  be  either  confined  upon  the  prem- 
ises, or,  if  allowed  to  roam  at  large,  to  wear  a proper  muzzle  for  a 
term  of  three  months.  This  measure,  however,  met  with  so  much 
opposition  from  dog  fanciers  and  others  interested  in  the  canine  tribe 
that  it  was  impossible  to  pass  the  ordinance  in  its  original  form.  In 
its  short  but  stormy  career  before  the  common  council  this  ordinance 
was  so  repeatedly  amended  and  modified  by  different  members  of 
the  council  that  it  failed  completely  in  accomplishing  the  results 
desired  bv  us  in  the  form  in  which  it  was  finally  passed. 

As  the  disease,  however,  continued  to  manifest  itself  in  the  city, 
another  effort  has  lately  been  made  to  pass  an  ordinance  covering  the 
same  grounds,  but  a modification  of  the  former  one,  which  at  the 
present  time  is  before  your  honorable  body.  I sincerely  hope  that 
this  ordinance  may  receive  full  consideration,  and  that  you  may  see 
your  way  clear  to  pass  it  in  its  original  form.  It  is  only  by  insti- 
tuting radical  measures  that  we  can  hope  to  stamp  out  this  dreadful 
scourge. 

For  a comprehensive  and  exhaustive  report  on  this  subject  I 
would  respectfully  refer  you  to  the  annual  report  of  Dr.  Fiedler,  the 
food  analyst. 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

It  would  be  superfluous  to-  enter  into  a discussion  of  the  causal 
factors  that  enter  into  the  dissemination  of  tuberculosis.  Nothing 
essentially  new  has  been  contributed  on  this  matter,  though  I may  be 
permitted  to  dilate  upon  one  interesting  incident. 


COM  MISSION  Eli  OF  1 1 F ALT  II . 


Several  years  ago  Robert  Ko<jh,  the  famous  German  scientist, 
threw  a challenging  gauntlet  to  the  scientific  world  by  voicing  the 
opinion,  arrived  at  after  long  experimentation,  that  bovine  and  human 
tuberculosis  were  distinct  affections,  and  that  milk  infected  with 
bovine  tuberculosis  could  not  carry  the  contagion  to  a human  being. 
Had  this  statement  proceeded  from  one  whose  words  were  less  worthy 
of  credence,  it  would  have  been  forgotten  in  the  maze  of  scientific 
work,  as  the  poorly  thought  and  worked  out  theory  of  an  unreliable 
investigator.  But  Koch’s  eminent  authority  sanctioned  this  utterance 
and  the  world  had  to  lend  ear.  Were  his  theory  unrefuted,  our 
notions  as  to  the  necessity  of  inspecting*  cattle,  less  they  yield  diseased 
milk  to  be  sold  and  consumed,  would  have  been  severely  antagonized, 
and  our  present  methods  that  deal  so  largely  with  the  prevention  of 
the  dissemination  of  tuberculosis  through  infected  cattle,  would  have 
been  revolutionized.  Small  wonder,  then,  that  scientists  the  world 
over  challenged  Koch’s  statement.  Soon  there  were  results  forth- 
coming, and  from  all  sides  came  refutations  that  seemed  to  counter- 
act the  fright  the  scientific  world  sustained  at  the  thought  that  it  had 
been  groping  in  darkest  ignorance  for  decades.  A commission  was 
appointed  in  England  to  take  up  the  question,  and  this  eminent  body 
has  at  last  reported,  upon  close  investigation  of  facts,  its  opposition 
to  the  duality  of  bovine  and  human  tuberculosis,  and  declares  it  as 
proven  that  human  tuberculosis  may  be,  and  frequently  is,  contracted 
from  the  same  disease  in  cattle. 

Thus  it  is  seen  that  the  same  degree  of  watchfulness  as  before 
must  still  be  observed  to  prevent  the  sale  and  consumption  of  milk 
known  to  come  from  diseased  cattle. 

Without  doubt  the  knowledge  that  the  sputum  of  consumption  is 
the  great  factor  in  the  dissemination  of  the  disease,  must,  as  before, 
be  kept  constantly  before  us,  and  I would  again  urge  your  hon- 
orable body  to  enact  some  satisfactory  legislation  whereby  expector- 
ating in  public  places  and  conveyances  be  prohibited. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


22 

I would  also  refer  to  the  matter  of  a state  sanitarium  for  consumpt- 
ives. While  this  subject  is  in  reality  a matter  upon  which  only  the 
state  legislature  can  take  action,  yet  I call  attention  to  it  because  of  the 
tremendous  benefit  that  would  accrue  to  our  city's  consumptive  poor 
were  there  but  an  institution  at  our  disposal.  As  it  is,  those  who 
can  not  afford  to  go  west  or  south  when  their  disease  is  in  its  incip- 
iencv,  are  now  compelled  to  remain  in  a most  unfavorable  environ- 
ment, and  the  progress  of  the  disease  is  rapid,  with  the  inevitable 
result  that  others  likewise  contract  the  contagion. 

It  would  indeed  be  a good  plan,  were  it  possible  to  do  so,  to  add 
tuberculosis  to  the  list  of  notifiable  diseases,  not  with  the  idea  of  pla- 
carding the  residence  containing  a consumptive,  nor  for  the  sake  of 
making  this  a matter  of  public  record,  but  merely  for  an  educational 
purpose — to  instruct  the  patient  and  family  how  to  check  the  disease, 
and  how  to  prevent  its  outbreak  in  others,  and  to  disinfect  the  prem- 
ises from  time  to  time. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  reported  to  this  department 
twenty-one  cases  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  while  the  deaths  from 
all  forms  of  tuberculosis  diseases  numbered  441.  The  examination 
of  sputum  now  carried  on  gratis  for  physicians,  has  doubtless  made 
it  possible  for  some  to  discover  the  presence  of  the  disease,  where  it 
would  otherwise  not  have  been  ascertained. 

During  the  past  year  323  specimens  of  sputum  were  submitted 
for  examination,  and  of  these  84  showed  the  presence  of  the  bacilli 
of  tuberculosis.  The  department  is  ever  willing  to  carry  on  this  inves- 
tigation for  all  who  may  care  to  avail  themselves  of  this  privilege. 

TYPHOID  FEVER. 

Since  our  previous  report  the  study  of  typhoid  fever  by  scientists 
in  various  parts  of  the  world  has  been  directed  to  a search  of  the 
devious  methods  by  which  the  typhoid  fever  bacterium  gains  entrance 


C OMMISSION  El  t ( ) F 1 1 10  A LTH. 


23 

to  the  body,  and  such  other  questions  as  the  early  recognition  of  the 
disease  by  means  of  bacteriological  diagnosis,  and  the  quest  for  its 
treatment  by  an  organic  serum.  With  reference  to  the  methods  of 
contracting  the  disease,  it  is  now  recognized  that  while  polluted  water 
is  the  primary  cause  of  almost  all  of  these  infections,  this  water  sec- 
ondarily contaminating  milk,  which  acts  as  the  great  transmitter  and 
disseminator  of  the  disease,  there  are  two  other  infection  carrying 
foods,  namely:  fresh  vegetables  and  oysters.  It  has  been  proven  that 
the  sewage  contamination  of  fresh  garden  vegetables — many  of  which 
-are  frequently  eaten  without  proper  boiling  or  even  an  adequate  clean- 
ing— has  been  the  cause  of  epidemics.  Such  an  epidemic  was  traced 
to  its  proper  source  last  year  in  England. 

Oyster  contamination,  is,  however,  a real  danger  that  ought  to 
Be  borne  in  mind  wherever  this  favorite  crustacean  is  eaten,  and  our 
own  city  offers  a good  market  for  its  consumption.  It  is  not  gener- 
ally known  that  some  varieties  of  oysters  undergo  a fattening  process 
before  they  are  shipped  to  distant  ports.  In  this  process  the  oysters, 
which  may  have  originally  been  small  and  shriveled,  assume,  a well- 
rounded,  fat  and  luscious  appearance,  and,  of  course,  a more  ready 
sale  is  assured.  As  this  is  a matter  of  more  than  passing  interest,  and 
of  extreme  importance,  I will  quote  the  following  from  the  Journal 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  January  23rd,  1904,  detailing 
the  method  pursued  in  marketing  this  species  of  bivalve:  “Many 

people  seem  to  regard  the  plump  white  oysters,  so  often  served  now 
in  restaurants,  as  preferable  to  the  greyish,  rather  thin  oysters  that 
the  gourmet  of  a few  years  ago  was  accustomed  to  consider  the  lus- 
cious delicacy  best  suited  to  his  taste.  Because  of  this  false  taste, 
oysters  are  bleached  and  rendered  plump  by  dealers  on  the  way  to 
local  markets.  Normally  oysters  are  accustomed  to  sea  water.  If 
they  are  removed  therefrom  and  placed  in  fresh  water  for  a time,  they 
Become  much  whiter  than  before,  and  apparently  grow  fat.  This 


24 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


plumpness,  however,  is  not  due  to  any  addition  of  substantial  material 
to  the  oysters’  tissues,  but  only  to  the  retention  of  more  water  than 
under  natural  circumstances.  In  a word,  it  is  a question  not  of  diges- 
tion of  food  and  consequent  accumulation,  but  rather  a freak  of 
osmoses.  In  order  to  secure  this  specious  appearance  of  plumpness, 
oysters  are  not  infrequently  placed  in  fresh  water  streams  for  a time 
before  being  served.  Needless  to  say,  with  the  present  increase  of 
population  in  this  country,  there  are  very  few  fresh-water  streams 
that  are  not  subject  to  contamination  by  sewage.  Owing  to  the  fact 
that  oysters  gather  their  food  from  water  that  flows  by  them,  they 
are  sure  to  retain  any  organic  particles  present,  and  typhoid  bacilli 
thus  find  not  only  lodgement,  but  a favorable  culture  medium  in  the 
oyster  tissues.  The  fresh  water  apparently  renders  digestive  processes 
in  the  oysters  so  sluggish  that  bacilli  thus  retained  are  not  digested, 
as  would  be  the  case  under  normal  conditions  of  life,  but  on  the  con- 
trary, actually  increase  in  numbers,  leaving  the  host  still  more  incap- 
able of  resisting  invasion.” 

In  the  past  years  it  has  frequently  happened  that  sporodic 
cases  of  typhoid  fever  have  developed  in  families  of  large  means  whose 
milk  supply  came  from  sources  beyond  suspicion,  because,  were  it 
otherwise,  more  than  one  case  would  doubtless  have  developed.  The 
absence  of  an  epidemic  precludes  a probability  that  the  water  supply 
may  have  been  contaminated.  It  would  be  quite  within  the  range  of 
possibility  that  these  scattered  cases,  occurring  in  families  of  means, 
may  have  been  transmitted  through  oyster  contamination.  While  it 
is  impossible  to  trace  cases  of  this  kind,  still  the  many  means  of  con- 
veying this  infection  ought  to  be  borne  in  mind.  In  this  way  only 
can  there  be  adequate  protection. 

There  were  reported  during  the  year  1903,  198  cases  of  typhoid 
fever,  with  54  deaths.  On  their  very  face  these  figures  can  not  be 
considered  an  accurate  basis  of  calculation,  because  this  would  give 


COMMISSIONER  OE  HEALTH. 


25 


tis  a mortality  of  almost  25  per  cent.  This  is  manifestly  erroneous, 
and  must  justify  the  conclusion  that  but  a fraction  of  the  catual  cases 
existing  are  reported,  while  the  fatalities  must  of  necessity  be  made 
known.  Were  we  to  argue  backwards,  employing  the  same  reasoning 
as  in  several  previous  years,  we  would  estimate  that  a'  10  per  cent, 
mortality  were  reasonably  high  for  the  average  case,  and  this  justifies 
the  conclusion  that  there  must  have  existed  about  540  cases.  Thus 
we  may  say  roughly  that  out  of  over  500  cases  of  typhoid  fever  treated 
by  Milwaukee  physicians  during  the  year  1903,  less  than  200  were 
reported  to  the  health  department.  So  long  as  our  physicians  refuse 
to  co-operate  with  this  department  and  make  an  effort  to  keep  our 
statistical  records  reasonably  accurate,  we  can  not  be  informed  of  the 
actual  morbidity  of  typhoid  or  other  infectious  diseases  when  they  are 
present  in  an  average  mild  degree.  Truth  of  the  matter  is  that  typhoid 
fever  is  a preventable  disease,  and  500  cases,  while  not  a large  num- 
ber as  compared  with  other  cities  of  this  size,  nevertheless  constitutes 
too  large  a majority  at  the  present  day. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

F.  M.  SCHULZ,  M.  D., 
Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 

OF 


CITY  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1. 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  I. 


F.  M.  Schulz,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health,  Milwaukee , Wis.: 

■ Dear  Sir — I herewith  submit  to  you  a report  of  the  number  of 
patients  treated  at  the  Isolation  Hospital  for  the  year  ending  Decem- 


ber 31st,  1903: 

Number  of  patients  admitted  to  the  Hospital 190 

Number  of  relatives  accompanying  patients 52 

Number  of  patients  never  vaccinated 124 

Number  of  patients  unsuccessfully  vaccinated 48 

Number  of  patients  successfully  vaccinated 18 

Number  of  deaths 0 

Number  of  patients  under  fifteen  years 124 

Number  of  patients  fifteen  to  twenty -five 35 

Number  of  patients  twenty-five  to  fifty 31 

Number  of  days’  treatment 2,385 


The  patients  have  been  admitted  from  all  sections  of  the  city,  nor 
were  they  confined  to  any  particular  class,  though  the  larger  per  cent, 
were  of  foreign  birth. 

The  negro  seems  to  have  escaped  the  disease  entirely,  as  there  is 
no  record  of  a member  of  the  colored  race  being  afflicted  with  variola 
during  the  year. 

During  the  months  of  May  and  June  the  admissions  to  the  hospital 
were  the  largest,  being  twenty-four  for  the  month  of  May  and  forty- 
four  for  the  month  of  June. 

All  the  cases  exhibited  a very  mild  type  of  the  disease  and  often  re- 
sembled severe  forms  of  varicella. 

It  has  been  most  common  in  children,  about  65  per  cent,  occurring 
before  the  age  of  fifteen  years. 

Of  all  the  cases  admitted  only  10  per  cent,  had  been  previously 
successfully  vaccinated,  and  they  all  had  the  disease  in  the  lightest 
form. 

Sixty-five  per  cent,  of  the  cases  have  never  been  vaccinated,  and 
25  per  cent,  had  been  vaccinated,  but  not  successfully. 

The  records  show  that  males  and  females  were  equally  afflicted. 

One  of  the  interesting  things  noted  was  that  none  of  the  cases 
came  from  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  Isolation  Hospital. 


29 


30 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


The  treatment  has  been  to  put  the  patients  in  the  best  hygienic 
surroundings  and  to  relieve  the  severer  manifestations  of  the  disease 
by  such  medication  as  seemed  indicated. 

But  it  is  evident  that  the  fact  there  has  been  no  death  from  variola 
at  the  hospital  can  not  be  entirely  the  result  of  the  good  hygienic 
surroundings  and  treatment  they  received,  but  rather  to  the  fact  that 
as  a result  of  vaccination  and  revaccination,  a disease  much  milder 
in  type  has  been  produced,  and  it  would  seem  now  that  we  have  such 
excellent  material  for  vaccination,  that  with  the  co-operation  of  the 
people,  variola  would  not  be  as  prevalent  as  it  has  been  in  this  city 
of  late  years. 

W.  C.  F.  WITTE,  M.  D., 
Assistant  Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 


CITY  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2. 


31 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2. 


F.  M . Schulz,  M.  I).,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir — I herewith  respectfully  submit  a report  of  the  work  done  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  2 for  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1903. 

Considering  the  many  inconveniences  we  have  been  subjected  to 
on  account  of, the  crowded  condition  of  the  wards  and  the  difficulty 
of  properly  isolating  the  various  contagious  cases  treated,  we  feel 
satisfied  with  the  showing  made. 

Besides  the  113  cases  treated  during  the  year  we  have  taken  care 
of  a number  of  mothers  who  remained  with  their  children  during 
quarantine.  In  many  of  these  cases  the  mothers  have  been  a source 
of  annoyance  by  reason  of  their  unwillingness  to  submit  to  the  disci- 
pline of  the  hospital,  or  by  their  failure  to  cheerfully  carry  out  the 
doctor’s  orders  concerning  diet,  etc. 

I would,  therefore,  recommend  that  none  but  those  who  are  willing 
to  abide  by  the  rules  be  permitted  to  accompany  their  children. 

The  hospital  building  itself  has  been  badly  in  need  of  repairs  for 
some  time,  but  that  condition  has  been  somewhat  remedied  of  late, 
and  the  wards,  with  their  newly  painted  walls,  etc.,  will  present  a more 
inviting  aspect  to  the  patients  and  their  attending  physicians,  and  no 
doubt  the  hospital  will  be  taken  advantage  of  by  many  more  physi- 
cians who  will  send  their  contagious  cases  there  tO'  be  treated. 

Now  that  the  people  are  becoming  more  appreciative  of  the  good 
work  done  at  our  isolation  hospitals,  and  are  losing  much  of  the 
prejudice  that  formerly  existed,  I feel  that  I can  not  urge  too  strongly 
the  growing  need  of  a modern,  up:to-date  isolation  hospital. 

The  following  table  shows  in  brief  the  summary  of  the  work 
accomplished. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  H.  HACKETT,  M.  D„ 

Attending  Physician. 


38 


34 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


The  following-  is  the  list  of  diseases,  number  of  patients  and  deaths, 
as  well  as  number  of  days  treated,  of  cases  at  the  Isolation  Hospital 
No.  2,  for  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1903: 

No.  of 

No.  of  No.  of  Days 

Diseases.  Cases.  Deaths.  Treated. 

Diphtheria 40  5 GOO 

Scarlet  Fever 50  . . 685 

Erysipelas 14  1 154 

Measles 7 . . 90 

Whooping-  cough 2 1 54 

113  7 1,583 

J.  H.  HACKETT,  M.  D., 
Assistant  Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 


ANALYST. 


! 


35 


REPORT  OF  ANALYST. 


F.  M.  Schulz , .1/.  D.y  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Dear  Sir — I have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the 
work  of  your  analyst  and  his  assistants  in  the  department  labora- 
tories, chemical  and  bacteriological,  for  the  year  ending  Jan.  1,  1904. 

You  will  observe  that  examinations  and  investigations  in  both 
laboratories  have  been  very  markedly  increased,  both  as  to  the  number 
of  specimens  examined  and  the  variety  of  investigations  undertaken 
and  incorporated  into  the  routine  of  the  laboratory  work. 

The  work  in  the  chemical  laboratory  has  been  almost  entirely  in 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Henry  Schulz,  to  whose  careful  and  excellent  work 
is  due  in  large  measure  the  improvement  and  extension  of  work  in 
this  department. 

While  we  have  always  been  ready  and  willing  to  undertake 
analysis  of  foods  and  drugs  in  general,  and  have  done  so  with  all 
specimens  submitted,  we  have  recognized  the  fact  that  this  work 
belonged  more  particularly  to  the  State  Dairy  and  Food  Commission, 
and  have  consequently,  as  in  former  years,  given  our  special  attention 
and  most  of  our  time  to  the  city  water  and  milk  supply.  As  a result 
of  this  the  report  demonstrates  that  great  improvement  has  been 
realized  in  the  quality  of  the  milk  at  present  supplied  in  our  city. 
While  the  routine  examinations  daily  and  regularly  made  do  not  look 
particularly  and  especially  to  the  production  of  a sanitary  milk,  being 
confined  to  the  determination  of  fats,  total  solids  and  water  and  the 
detection  of  preservatives,  it  must  be  noted  that  on  the  whole  the 
milk  now  supplied  in  the  city  is  a more  cleanly  and  more  wholesome 
product  than  has  ever  before  been  furnished.  This  is  clearly  proven 
bv  the  greatly  lessened  number  of  intestinal  infections  among  children 
and  the  much  lowered  infant  mortality. 

Having  accomplished  our  purpose  in  preventing  adulteration  and 
the  sale  of  a product  of  inferior  quality,  our  attention  has  been  turned 
and  our  energies  exerted  to  the  end  of  securing  a more  cleanly  and 
sanitary  product.  To  this  end  we  have,  by  the  assistance  of  In- 


37 


38 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


spectors  Harry  Kiehl  and  James  Cunningham,  instituted  and  main- 
tained a systematic  inspection  of  all  the  farms  and  dairies  from  which 
milk  is  shipped  to  the  city.  We  have  endeavored  to  educate  the  first 
handlers  of  the  milk — to  give  them  such  instructions  as  to  feeding 
and  care  of  cattle — as  to  cooling  and  aerating  the  milk — as  shall 
result  in  the  best  possible  product  for  our  market.  Every  dairy  in 
Milwaukee  county  and  many  at  considerable  distances  from  the  city 
whose  product  is  here  consumed,  have  been  visited.  The  efficient 
service  rendered  by  these  inspectors  has  led  to  more  cleanly  stables, 
improved  dairy  methods  and  a more  intelligent  and  careful  handling 
of  the  milk,  so  that  our  citizens  are  able  to  obtain  a cleaner  and  much 
more  wholesome  product  than  heretofore. 

Moreover  we  have  enforced  the  statute  providing  for  the  washing 
by  the  local  receiver  of  all  cans  before  their  return  to  the  shippers. 
This  measure  markedly  reduces  the  number  of  bacteria  in  the  milk, 
and  greatly  increases  the  period  for  which  it  may  be  kept  without 
change. 

The  city’s  water  supply  continues,  as  heretofore,  to  be  most  excel- 
lent. No  epidemics  and  only  a few  scattered  cases  of  waterborn  dis- 
eases have  occurred  in  the  city  during  the  past  year. 

There  are  still  in  use  within  the  limits  of  the  municipality  a number 
of  wells,  the  water  of  most  of  which  is  not  a potable  product,  and  hence 
liable  at  any  time  to  become  contaminated  and  the  means  of  initiating 
an  epidemic  of  typhoid  fever  among  those  using  it.  We  would  urge 
that  as  speedily  as  possible  all  these  w.ells  be  condemned  and  filled 
and  city  water  substituted. 

In  the  bacteriological  laboratory  much  improvement  has  been 
made  and  the  work  extended  both  in  its  scope  and  in  the  number  of 
specimens  examined.  We  have  long  realized  that  in  this  department 
we  were  not  as  helpful  to  the  profession  as  was  possible,  nor  doing 
the  amount  of  work  which  should  be  performed  in  a municipal  labor- 
atory of  a city  of  the  population  of  Milwaukee.  The  fault,  we  believed, 
was  not  wholly  on  the  part  of  the  laboratory,  but  at  least  partially  on 
the  part  of  the  medical  profession.  Assuming  that  the  physicians  of 
our  city  were  not  cognizant  of  the  character  and  amount  of  work 
relative  to  contagious  diseases  which  is  performed  in  the  laboratory, 
the  following  circular  of  information,  setting  forth  the  facilities  offered 
and  the  assistance  given  to  the  medical  practitioners  in  the  city  was 
sent  to  every  physician  within  its  corporate  limits: 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


39 


CIRCULAR  OF  INFORMATION 

Concerning'  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory  of  the  Milwaukee  Board  of  Health, 
Sixth  Floor  City  Hall,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin. 

Tel.  City  Hall  Ex.  37. 

The  Milwaukee  Board  of  Health  desires  to  call  to  your  attention  again 
. the  facilities  offered  in  its  laboratories,  of  assistance  in  diagnosis  of  con- 
tagious diseases,  and  for  release  of  isolation  in  cases  of  diphtheria  before  the 
expiration  of  the  30  day  period  as  provided  by  law.  Quarantine  being  lifted 
when  two  cultures  made  at  an  interval  of  three  days  have  given  negative 
findings  in  the  laboratory. 

Scope  of  the  Work. — The  department  is  ready  and  anxious  to  make 
bacteriological  examinations  in  the  following  diseases:  Diphtheria,  Typhoid, 

Tuberculosis,  Influenza,  Pneumonia,  and  Bronchitis.  Also  to  make  agglutin- 
ation test  for  differention  of  Typhoidal  diseases:  Chemical  examinations 

of  the  urine  for  diazo  reaction:  animal  inoculations  for  diagnosis  of  tubur- 
cular  diseases  of  the  kidney  or  bladder,  of  pneumonia  and  of  hydrophobia. 

Outfits. — Outfits  for  specimens  from  suspected  cases  of  Diphtheria, 
Tuberculosis,  Pneumonia  and  Typhoid  are  kept  at  the  laboratories  and  at 
certain  drug'  stores  designated  below  and  known  as  culture  stations.  They 
may  be  returned  to  the  station,  sent  to  the  department  laboratories,  or  if  the 
department  is  informed  by  telephone,  an  inspector  will  be  sent  for  the  outfit. 
If  special  examinations  as  for  Influenza  and  Malaria  are  required,  material 
should  be  sent  by  special  messenger  direct  to  the  laboratory. 

Hours  for  Receiving  Specimens. — Specimens  are  received  at  the  labora- 
tories, Sixth  floor,  City  Hall,  daily  throughout  the  year  from  8:30  A.  M.  to 
5 P.  M.,  except  Sundays  and  holidays,  when  the  hours  are  from  9 to  11  A.  M. 

Hours  for  Examinations. — Laboratories  are  open  for  examination  of  speci- 
mens from  8:30  A.  M.  to  5 P.  M.,  except  on  Sundays  and  legal  holidays,  then 
only  on  hours  designated  above. 

Swab  and  Five-Hour  Examinations  in  Cases  of  Suspected  Diphtheria. — 
When  requested,  laboratory  is  ready  at  all  times  during  examination  hours, 
to  examine  swabs  themselves  from  cases  of  diagnosis.  It  has  been  found 
that  nearly  one-half  of  cases  finally  proving  positive  after  incubation  give 
positive  finding’  by  this  method,  thus  saving  from  fifteen  to  twenty-four 
hours.  Negative  results  from  swabs  are  unreliable.  If  cultures  are  sent  to 
the  laboratory  before  12  M.  with  request  that  five-hour  incubation  will  be 
given,  the  findings  are  reported  between  five  and  six  on  such  days  as  allowr  of 
an  examination  hour  at  this  time.  Since  here  again,  negative  results  are 
unreliable,  regular  incubation  is  proceeded  with  and  reports  sent,  the 
following  morning.  Positive  results  are  always  equally  reliable. 

Reports. — -Early  reports  from  specimens  submitted  are  of  special  import- 
ance in  the  diagnosis  of  diphtheria.  Hence  all  other  examinations  are  post- 
poned until  these  results  are  obtained.  All  reports  are  sent  to.  the  physician 
by  telephone  when  possible,  the  positive,  suspicious  and  unsatisfactory  find- 


40 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


ings  of  diphthria  first,  negative  and  all  others  afterwards.  To  avoid  error 
all  reports  will  hereafter  he  sent  by  mail  whether  telephoned  or  not. 

Diphtheria  results  are  usually  available  by  10  A.  M.,  sputum  and  typhoid 
by  11  A.  M.  and  other  examinations  by  12  M. 


CULTURE  STATIONS. 

EAST  SIDE. 

Schmitt  & Traut,  Farwell  and  North  Avenues. 

Edw.  Kettler,  Farwell  Avenue  and  Brady  Street. 

Health  Department,  City  Hall. 

SOUTH  SIDE. 

L.  J.  Mack,  960  Kinnickinnic  Avenue. 

A.  J.  Jones,  Eighteenth  and  National  Avenues. 

Banner  Drug  Co.,  Mitchell  Street. 

Fr.  Kuehnmuench,  Grove  Street  and  National  Avenue. 

WEST  SIDE. 

Union  Pharmacy,  Twelfth  and  Walnut  Streets. 

L.  J.  Mueller,  Twenty-seventh  and  State  Streets. 

Herm.  Emmerich,  898  Third  Street. 

J.  H.  A.  Schulz,  Teutonia  and  Center  Streets. 

J.  A.  Martens,  North  Avenue  and  Holton  Street. 

R.  Koethe,  2405  Walnut  Street. 

It  is  earnestly  desired  by  the  department  that  these  laboratories  shall  be 
made  of  greater  usefulness  to  the  physicians  of  the  city  and  that  they  may 
extend  the  scope  of  their  work.  This  can  only  be  accomplished  by  more 
general  co-operation  of  the  profession.  We  urgently  solicit  your  assistance. 
We  desire  bacteriological  examinations  in  all  cases  of  diphtheria,  tuberculosis 
and  typhoid,  reported  to  this  department.  Though  the  clinical  signs  and 
symptoms  leave  no  doubt  as  to  the  diagnosis  we  are  none  the  less  most 
anxious  to  make  the  microscopic  examinations.  At  present  we  receive 
specimens,  except  in  a few  instances,  only  from  such  cases  as  are  doubtful 
or  probably  negative,  and  this  vitiates  the  interpretation  of  the  results  of 
laboratory  wTork. 

We  desire  too  that  physicians  shall  more  generally  report  cases  of 
tuberculosis.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  receive  at  our  office  certificates  g'iving 
pulmonary  tuberculosis  as  cause  of  death  in  a case  of  which  we  have  neither 
a laboratory  examination  of  the  sputum  nor  a report  that  the  case  has  been 
under  a physician’s  care. 

Physicians  are  urgently  requested  to  fill  out  completely  and  in  detail  the 
blanks  submitted  with  outfits,  for  return  to  this  office.  It  is  only  by  having 
such  detailed  information  of  cases  that  our  statistics  become  of  value.  A card 
catalogue  of  all  cases  will  be  kept  in  the  laboratory  and  is  at  the  command 


COMMISSIONER  OR  HEALTH. 


41 


of  physicians,  enabling-  them  to  obtain  their  own  and  an  accurate  history  of 
any  case,  the  detail  of  which  may  have  been  lost. 

The  supply  is  determined  by  the  demand  in  municipal  laboratory  work  as 
elsewhere.  It  is  only  by  using-  that  which  is  available  that  physicians  can 
hope  for  better  and  more  extensive  assistance  from  this  department.  Your 
co-operation  that  these  results  may  be  obtained  is  most  earnestly  solicited. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

F.  M.  SCHULZ, 

Commissioner  of  Health. 
OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Analyst. 

As  a result  the  work  submitted  has  been  very  materially  increased. 
We  believe  that  by  repeatedly  calling  the  attention  of  the  profession 
to  the  advantages  offered  more  general  employment  of  the  labora- 
tory will  ensue  to  the  end,  not  only  of  assisting  in  procuring  more 
positive  diagnosis  of  disease,  but  of  securing  more  general  and  con- 
scientious reporting  of  contagious  diseases,  so  that  we  shall  the  more 
readily  and  easily  control  and  eradicate  them. 

During  the  year  a new  system  of  records  of  laboratory  work  has 
been  instituted,  and  is  now  in  operation.  The  system  adopted  is  essen- 
tially that  of  the  Boston  Health  Department  and  credit  for  the  same 
is  due  to  Dr.  Hill,  Director  of  the  Municipal  Bacteriological  Labora- 
tory of  that  city.  In  order  that  the  records  may  be  complete  and  of 
value  it  is  most  essential  that  physicians  co-operate  with  us  to  the 
extent  of  furnishing  the  data  required  in  filling  out  the  cards.  We 
most  urgently  request  them  to  assist  us  in  the  matter  to  this  extent. 
With  the  material  so  obtained  at  hand  and  on  record,  we  shall  have, 
in  the  course  of  a few  years,  most  valuable  material,  from  which  it  is 
hoped  we  may  deduce  some  conclusions  which  may  result  in  the  alle- 
viation or  removal  of  factors  which  are  at  present  instrumental  in 
producing  or  fostering  contagion. 


42 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


Following  are  samples  of  the  cards  of  our  permanent  record: 


MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPT. 

(To  be  Filled  Out  by  Bacteriologist  Only.) 
Miscellaneous  Examination  for  infectious  diseases.  Rec’d 
Result  of  Examination 


(To  be  Filled  Out  by  Physician.) 

Date  of  taking  specimen 

Patient’s  Osarne Age Sex 

Patient’s  Address  

Where  is  specimen  taken  from 

Diagnosis 

Physician’s  Name 

Physician’s  Address  


! 


COMMISSIONER  OF  II  F \ LTD. 


4.‘ 


MI  LWAUEEE  HEALTH  DEPT. 
Laboratory. 

TUBERCULOSIS : D Rec’d 


Date  of  Collecting-  Sputum Hour A.  M P.  M. 

Patient’s  Name Age Sex 

Patient’s  Address  

Patient’s  Occupation Color 

Is  Patient  Working  ? If  so,  where? 

Date  of  Earliest  Symptoms. Where  Contracted 


SYMPTOMS : Coug-h  ? Fever  ? 

Expectoration  ? Night  Sweats  ? Hemorrhage  ? 

Physical  Sig-ns:  Consolidation? Cavities? 

Rales?  Loss  of  Weight? 

Pulse  Respiration..... 

Clinical  Diagnosis 

Are  other  cases  of  Tuberculosis  present  in  family? 

Are  other  cases  of  Tuberculosis  present  in  same  house?. 
Remarks  


Physician’s  Name  .. 
Physician’s  Address 


44 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


(To  be  Filled  Out  by  the  Bacteriologist  Only.) 
MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPT. 
DIPHTHERIA:  D Received.. 

(To  be  Filled  Out  by  Physician  Only.) 


Culture  from  Nose? 

Date  of  Culture ...  

For  Diagnosis 

Hour A.  M P.  M. 

Patient’s  Name 

Patient’s  Address 

Date  of  Earliest  Symptoms. 

(To  be  Filled  Out  by  Physician  Only.) 
Membrane  present  ? Nares  ? Pharynx  ? 


Exudate  present  ? 

Tonsil?  Larynx? 

Tonsil?  Larynx? 

If  no  membrane  or  exudate,  state  site  of  exudate? 

Constitutional  Symptoms? Temperature? 


Number  of  the  Culture?... 
Remarks  

. . . 1st. . . 2nd . . . 3rd  . . . 4th . . . 5th . . . 6th . . . 

Physician’s  Name 

Physician’s  Address 

Tel.  No 

(Please  fill  out  both 

sides  of  card  for  every  Culture.) 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPT. 


(To  be  Filled  Out  by  the  Bacteriologist  Only.) 
MALARIA : Result Rec’d . 


(To  be  Filled  Out  by  the  Physician  Only:  See  Other  Side  Also.) 

Date  of  Taking*  Blood Hour.  ...... .A.  M P.  M. 

Patient’s  Name Age Sex 

Patient’s  Address  ." 

Date  of  Earliest  Symptoms Where  Contracted 

Has  Patient  had  Malaria  before? 

If  so,  give  date  of  last  attack  (month  and  year) 


(To  be  Filled  Out  by  the  Physician  Only:  See  Other  Side  Also.) 

SYMPTOMS : Chills  ? 

Temperature  

Pulse  Tongue  

Headache? Spleen  Enlarged?  

The  preparations  were  made During  a chill. . . .After  a chill. . . . 

Was  quinine  administered  before  the  preparations  were  made? 

Clinical  Diagnosis  

Remarks  

Should  this  preparation  prove  negative,  do  you  wish  to  take  another? 
(If  answered  “yes”  a fresh  outfit  will  be  mailed  with  the  report.) 

Physician’s  Name  

Physician’s  Address 

(Please  Fill  Out  Both  Sides  of  Card  as  Indicated,  for  Every 
Preparation  Made.) 


46 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPT. 
Laboratory. 

(To  be  Filled  Out  bjr  the  Bacteriologist  Only.) 

TYPHOID:  D Rec’d 

Age L.  M T Dil... 


(To  be  Filled  Out  by  the  Physician  Only:  See  Other  Side  Also.) 

Date  of  Taking  Blood Hour A.  M P.  M 

Patient’s  Name Age. Sex 

Patient’s  Address  

Date  of  Earliest  Symptoms Where  Contracted 

Has  Patient  had  Typhoid  Fever  before? 

If  so,  when?  (month  and  year) 


(To  be  Filled  Out  by  the  Physician  Only:  See  Other  Side  Also.) 

SYMPTOMS : Diarrhoea  ? Constipation  ? 

Spleen  Enlarged Rose  Spots? 

Headache? Tongue 

Epistaxis? Temp Delirium 

Pulse Respirations 

Clinical  Diagnosis  

Remarks 


Do  you  wish  another  outfit  sent  you? 

(If  answered  “yes”  a fresh  outfit  will  be  mailed  with  the  report.) 

Physician’s  Name  

Physician’s  Address  / 

(Please  Fill  Out  Both  Sides  of  Card  as  Indicated,  for  Every 
Preparation  Made.) 


COMMISSIONED  OF  HEALTH. 


47 


M I LWAUKBE  H EA  LTI I DEPARTM  ENT. 


BACT'ERI'OLOG  I CAL  LABORATORY. 

Sixth  Floor,  City  Hall. 

Telephone  City  Hall  37. 

DIPHTHERIA  DIAGNOSIS. 

Directions  for  Taking'  Cultures. 

No  local  antiseptic  application  should  be  made  for  at  least  two  hours 
previous  to  taking*  the  culture.  The  patient’s  throat  should  be  cleared  of 
any  adherent  food  particles,  etc. 

1.  Have  the  patient  in  a good  light. 

2.  Remove  swab  from  glass  tube,  and  rub  it  gently  but  freely  against 
any  visible  pseudo-membrane  or  exudate. 

3.  Rub  the  swab  gently  but  freely  against  any  visible  exudate  or  pseudo- 
membrane in  the  throat  or  nose,  revolving  the  swab  between  the  fing'ers  in 
such  a manner  as  to  bring  it  thoroughly  in  contact  with  the  suspected  area. 
In  the  absence  of  exudate,  and  when  the  exudate  or  pseudo-membrane  can 
not  be  reached,  as  in  some  cases  where  it  is  confined  to  the  larynx  or  under 
any  other  conditions,  pass  the  swab  back  as  far  as  possible  and  rub  it  freely 
as  above  described  over  any  inflamed  mucous  membrame  which  may  be 
present  in  the  pharynx  or  nares. 

4.  Without  laying  the  swab  down,  remove  the  lid  from  the  culture  box, 
and  rub  that  portion  which  has  touched  the  exudate  gently  over  the  surface 
of  the  serum  mixture. 

5.  Replace  the  swab  in  the  glass  tube  and  close  the  open  end  with  the 

cap. 

6.  Do  not  use  disinfectants  in  the  mouth  and  throat  for  four  hours 
before  gathering  the  exudate. 

7.  Fill  out  the  blank  card  accompanying  this  and  return  with  outfit  to 
the  station  from  which  it  was  procured. 

8.  Telephone  to  the  department  (City  Hall  37)  that  the  outfit  has  been 
returned,  giving  location  of  station,  or  the  Outfits  may  be  sent  by  the 
physician  directly  to  the  Laboratory. 

Reports  of  results  will  be  telephoned  before  noon  of  the  next  day. 

9.  Special  Examinations:  W'hen  requested,  the  Laboratory  will  examine 

during  hours  (8:30  A.  M.  to  5 P.  M.;  Saturdays,  8:30  A.  M.  to  12  M.;  Sundays 
and  holidays,  9 A.  M.  to  10  A.  M.)  the  swabs  from  cases  for  diagnosis  directly. 
When  such  an  examination  is  desired,  first  make  the  culture  as  above 
described,  then  rub  the  swab  on  the  suspected  area  in  the  nose  or  throat 
a second  time,  then  return  it  to  the  swab  tube  without  again  rubbing  it  on 
the  serum.  It  has  been  found  that  in  about  one-half  of  the  cases  finally 
proving  positive  after  the  ordinary  incubation,  a positive  diagnosis  can  be 
made  from  the  swab  without  waiting’  for  incubation,  thus  saving'  from  fifteen 
to  twenty-four  hours.  A negative  result  from  the  swab  is  unreliable.  In 


48 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


such  cases,  if  the  culture  has  been  brought  into  the  Laboratory  before  12  M., 
a five-hour  incubation  may  be  given  and  reported  on  at  5 P.  M.  except  on 
Saturdays,  Sundays  and  holidays.  A negative  result  from  this  examination 
also  is  unreliable,  and  the  regular  over-night  incubation  must  then  be 
proceeded  with. 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 
Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Milwaukee  Health  Department. 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


P.A  CTERIOLO'GICAL  LABORATORY. 

City  Hall,  Sixth  Floor. 
Telephone  Main  599. 


TYPHOID  DIAGNOSIS:  WIDAL  REACTION. 

Directions  for  Taking  the  Blood. 

1.  Cleanse  the  skin  of  the  lobe  of  the  ear,  avoiding  the  use. of, bichloride 
of  mercury,  carbolic  acid  or  other  strong-  reagent.  Soap  and  water,  followed 
by  alcohol  and  ether,  is  recommended. 

2.  Prick  the  lobe  deeply  to  ensure  a free  escape  of  blood,  manipulating 
the  lobe  with  the  fingers,  if  necessary,  to  secure  a sufficient  amount.  A 
surgdcal  needle  or  pointed  tenotome  may  be  used  for  the  puncture. 

3.  Avoiding  the  first  two  or  three  drops  which  exude,  touch  the  freshly 
escaped  blood  with  the  loop  of  the  wire  accompanying  the  outfit  seceral 
times,  in  order  to  secure  one  full  drop.  Since  the  Widal  method  is  quan- 
titative, care  should  be  taken  to  fill  the  loop  completely,  but  no  more  than 
one  such  loopful  is  required. 

4.  Deposit  the  whole  drop  of  blood  in  the  depression  on  the  exposed 
surface  of  the  foil  accompanying  the  outfit,  and  allow  it  to  dry  complete^- ; 
do  not  use  heat  to  hasten  the  drying. 

5.  Cleanse  the  wire  loop,  fill  out  the  accompanying  card  and  repack  the 
outfit,  placing  the  filled-out  card  over  the  foil;  enclose  the  whole  in  an 
envelope  and  mail  to  the  Bacteriolog'ical  Laboratory.  (Postage  2 cents.) 

A report  will  be  mailed  on  the  day  following  the  receipt  of  the  prepara- 
tion, or  a report  by  telephone  may  be  obtained  by  calling  up  City  Hall  Ex.  37 
not  earlier  than  11  A.  M.  If  requested,  a telegraphic  report  will  be  sent  at 
the  physician’s  expense. 

Communications  should  be  addressed  to 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 
Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Health  Department. 


COMMISSION  El?  OF  HEALTH. 


49 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 

BACT'ERIOLOG  10  A L LABORATORY. 

City  Hall,  Sixth  Floor. 

Telephone  City  Hall  37. 

MALARIAL  DIAGNOSIS. 

Directions  for  Talcing*  the  Blood. 

Take  the  blood  during*  a paroxysm  if  possible  and  before  quinine  is 
administered. 

1.  Cleanse  the  skin  of  the  lobe  of  the  ear,  avoiding*  the  use  of  bichloride 
of  mercury,  carbolic  acid  or  other  strong*  reag’ent.  Soap  and  water,  followed 
by  alcohol  and  ether,  is  recommended. 

2.  Prick  the  lobe  deeply  to  ensure  a free  escape  of  blood,  manipulating 
the  lobe  with  the  fingers,  if  necessary,  to  secure  a sufficient  amount.  A 
surgical  needle  or  pointed  tenotome  may  be  used  for  the  puncture. 

3.  Wipe  off  the  first  two  or  three  drops  which  exude  with  a clean  cloth, 
and  touch  the  freshly  escaped  blood  with  the  edge  of  a perfectly  clean  square 
coverslip,  so  as  to  secure  a very  small  drop. 

4.  Draw  the  edge  of  the  coverslip  to  which  the  drop  is  attached  over  the 
surface  of  another  clean  coverslip,  at  an  angle  of  about  thirty  degrees,  thus 
spreading*  the  blood  in  a thin  film  on  the  second  coverslip.  There  should  not 
be  an  instant’s  delay  between  the  operations  described  in  paragraphs  3 and  4. 
Let  the  film  dry  thoroughly. 

5.  Make  three  or  four  such  coverslip  x>reparations  from  each  case,  place 
them  in  the  small  flat  box  and  fill  out  the  card  sux^plied  by  the  laboratory. 
Mail  both  card  and  box  to  the  laboratory. 

A report  will  be  mailed  on  the  day  following*  receipt  of  the  preparations, 
or  a report  by  telephone  may  be  obtained  by  calling  up*  telephone  City 
Hall  37,  not  earlier  than  1 P.  M.  If  requested,  a telegraphic  report  will  be 
sent  at  the  physician’s  expense. 

Communications  should  be  addressed  to 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Health  Department. 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACT'ERIOLOG IC AL  LABORATORY. 

Sixth  Floor,  City  Hall. 

Telephone  City  Hall  37. 

DIAGNOSIS  OF  TUBERCULOSIS. 

Directions  for  Collecting  Sputum. 

Outfits  for  the  collection  of  sputum,  including  bottles  containing  five  per 


50 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


cent,  carbolic  acid,  and  blanks  for  particulars  of  cases  with  copies  of  these 
directions,  will  be  found  at  the  regular  culture  stations. 

* Specimens  will  not  be  accepted  unless  submitted  in  the  bottles  provided 
for  the  purpose  by  the  Laboratory. 

Specimens  will  not  be  examined  if  leaking-  from  the  bottle  has  occurred. 

Reports  will  not  be  forwarded  unless  the  particulars  of  the  case  are  sent 
with  the  specimen. 

The  expectoration  discharged  in  the  morning-  is  to  be  preferred.  If  the 
expectoration  be  scanty,  the  entire  amount  discharg-ed  in  twenty-four  hours 
should  be  collected.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the  contents  of  the  stomach, 
articles  of  food,  etc.,  are  not  discharg-ed  during-  the  act  of  expectoration  and 
collected  instead  of  pulmonary  sputum.  Purulent,  cheesy,  and  muco- 
purulent sputum  most  frequently  contains  the  bacilli;  pure  mucus,  blood  or 
saliva  do  not  as  a rule  contain  the  bacilli.  When  hemorrhage  has  occurred, 
some  purulent,  cheesy  or  muco-purulent  sputum  should,  if  possible,  be 
collected  for  the  examination. 

If  examination  of  sputum  for  the  bacteria  of  pneumonia,  grippe,  etc., 
are  required,  use  these  outfits,  but  drain  out  the  carbolic  acid  solution 
thoroughly  before  the  sputum  is  placed  in  the  bottle. 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 
Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Milwaukee  Health  Department. 

(See  Other  Side  Also.) 

* These  rules  have  been  adopted  because  the  examination  of  Tuberculosis 
sputum  entails  some  danger  to  the  examiner  if  indiscriminate  outfits  are  used. 

(For  Directions  See  Other  Side.) 

TUBERCULOSIS. 


^Regular  Outfits,  Supplied  by  Culture  Stations,  Must  be  Used  for  Specimens. 
(To  be  Filled  Out  by  Physician.) 

Date  of  Collecting-  Sputum 

Hours A.  M P.  M. 

Patient’s  Name  

Age Sex Color 

Patient’s  Address 

Patient’s  Occupation  

Is  patient  now  working? If  so,  where? 

(Street  and  No.) 

Date  of  Earliest  Symptoms 

Where  was  disease  contracted?  (Street  and  No.) 

SYMPTOMS : Cough  ? Fevers Expectorations  ? 

Night  Sweats? Hemorrhage? 

Physical  Signs:  Consolidation? Cavities 

Rales? 

Pulse 


Loss  of  Weight  ? 
.Respiration  .... 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


51 


Clinical  Diagnosis  

Are  other  cases  of  tuberculosis  present  in  the  same  family? 

Are  other  cases  of  tuberculosis  present  in  the  same  house? 

Remarks  

Physician’s  Name  

Physician’s  Address  

(Please  Fill  Out  Blanks  in  Detail  for  Every  Specimen  Sent  In.) 

During  the  year  the  necessity  of  providing  animals  for  experi- 
mental work  in  diagnosis  became  imperative,  and  a well  supplied  and 
equipped  animal  room  has  become  a permanent  and  important  feature 
of  the  bacteriological  laboratory  for  diagnosis. 

For  two  years  past  reports  more  or  less  authorative  have  emanated 
from  various  parts  of  the  state  announcing  the  existence  of  hydro- 
phobia in  dogs  and  other  animals  in  these  parts  of  our  commonwealth. 
In  June  of  this  year  the  first  suspicious  case  occurring  in  our  city  was 
reported  to  your  department  analyst.  Since  we  were  not  equipped 
at  the  time  to  undertake  the  investigations  looking  to  a positive  diag- 
nosis of  the  cases  they  were  refer'red  to  the  laboratory  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station  at  Madison,  where  Dr.  Frost  made  the  inoc- 
ulation for  diagnosis.  The  doctor  reported  three  weeks  later  that  the 
animals  inoculated  had  developed  symptoms  and  died  of  hydrophobia. 
The  persons  bitten  by  the  rabid  dog  were  given  preventive  inocula- 
tions at  the  Chicago  Pasteur  Institute,  and  their  lives  saved.  Since 
that  time  your  department  laboratory  has  ivnestigated  many  suspic- 
ious cases  with  the  result  that  we  have  found  among  many  a few  posi- 
tive cases.  A detailed  report  is  given  elsewhere. 

A communication  calling  your  attention  to  this  lamentable  and 
serious  condition,  and  informing  you  of  the  existence  of  a small  epi- 
demic of  the  disease  in  our  city  was  submitted  to  you.  Therein  we 
recommended  that  measures  be  instituted  looking  to  the  eradication 
of  the  disease  by  the  enactment  of  an  ordinance  providing  for  the 
muzzling  or  confinement  of  all  dogs  for  such  a period  of  time  as  was 
deemed  necessary.  The  ordinance  was  not  passed,  the  disease  was 
not  stamped  out,  and  the  cases  are  still  being  reported  and  some  con- 
firmed. We  would  again  call  your  attention  to  this  grave  matter  and 
urge  the  enforcement  of  some  measures  which  shall  enable  us  to 
prevent  any  further  innoculations  of  animals,  and  especially  the  infec- 
tion of  human  beings  by  rabid  animals. 


52 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


In  addition  to  the  routine  work  heretofore  carried  on  in  the  labor- 
atory we  have  this  year  added  the  following: 

Sputum  examinations  and  animal  inoculation  for  diagnosis  of 
pneumonia. 

Sputum  and  nasal  secretion  examinations  for  diagnosis  of  influ- 
case. 

Agglutination  tests  for  diagnosis  of  paratyphoid  and  paracolon 
infections. 

Blood  examinations  for  diagnosis  of  malaria. 

Examinations  of  urinary  sediment  and  animal  inoculation  for  diag- 
nosis of  tuberculosis  of  the  kidney. 

Agglutination  tests  for  diagnosis  of  diarrhoea  of  infants  due  to 
Shiga  bacillus. 

Animal  innoculation  for  diagnosis  of  hydrophobia. 

Besides  this  the  laboratory  is  ready  to  investigate  any  case  due 
to  infection  by  pathogenic  bacteria  when  especially  requested  to  do  so, 
and  when  assured  of  the  co-operation  of  the  physician  submitting  the 
case. 

Of  research  work  but  little  has  been  done.  The  amount  of  rou- 
tine work  in  diagnosis,  since  we  have  no  trained  assistant,  takes  so 
much  time  as  to  make  such  investigations  impossible.  Some  work 
should  be  done,  however,  to  determine  the  efficiency  of  the  system  of 
house  disinfection  at  present  in  use  in  the  department.  It  is  most 
probably  that,  as  at  present  employed,  it  is  not  always  adequate.  We 
are  led  to  this  conclusion  by  the  fact  that  recurrences  of  infectious 
disease  occur  in  the  same  family,  or  the  same  house  after  the  lapse  of 
a period  of  time  exceeding  the  incubation  period.  To  properly  per- 
form this  work  and  thoroughly  investigate  the  present  method  would 
necessitate  the  addition  of  some  assistants  to  the  working  force  of  tnc 
laboratory.  We  hope  this  may  receive  your  consideration. 

The  method  and  result  of  some  investigations  and  experiments 
conducted  to  determine  the  nature  of  certain  stains  supposed  to  be 
blood,  and  especially  to  determine  whether  caused  by  human  blood, 
were  undertaken  for  the  scientific  interest  attached  to  the  work. 

At  the  instigation  of  the  local  board  of  trade  some  work  was  under- 
taken and  is  still  in  progress,  which  has  for  its  object  the  determina- 
tion of  the  number  and  kind  of  bacteria  found  upon  paper  currency, 
and  especially  to  determine  whether  or  not  pathogenic  germs  were 


COMMISSIONER  OF  JIFALTII. 


53 

present  and  viable.  The  amount  of  work  done  and  the  results 
obtained  are  not  sufficient  to  warrant  any  statement  at  this  time. 

The  report  this  year  contains,  in  addition  to  the  tables  giving  num- 
bers and  results  of  examinations  conducted,  brief  accounts  of  the 
methods  employed  in  the  laboratory  for  the  differentiation  and  identi- 
fication of  bacteria.  Moreover,  in  the  case  of  the  more  important 
species  examined  we  give  briefly  what  we  consider  the  significance  of 
the  reports  submitted,  in  other  words,  the  interpretation  of  the  find- 
ings. These  conclusions  are  reached  by  careful  study  of  the  laboratory 
records  and  the  clinical  histories  of  cases  submitted.  As  here  given 
they  are  deduced  from  the  reports  of  many  municipal  laboratories,  and 
especially  from  the  reports  of  Dr.  Herbert  Winslow  Hill,  Director 
of  the  Boston  Health  Department  Bacteriological  Laboratory.  To 
him  we  will  give  credit  and  acknowledge  indebtedness.  It  is  evident 
that  a thorough  and  comprehensive  understanding  of  the  significance 
of  the  report  submitted  to  the  physician  by  the  bacteriologist  is  essn- 
tial  and  absolutely  necessary  in  order  that  he  may  intelligently  and 
with  advantage  employ  such  report  in  reaching  his  diagnosis.  W e hope 
these  particular  portions  of  the  report  may  receive  the  physicians’ 
especial  consideration. 

LABORATORY  METHODS  AND  RESULTS. 


TUBERCULOSIS. 

Outfit  for  collection  and  transmission  of  samples. 

This  department  provides  for  this  purpose:  1st,  a heavy  glass 

homeopathic  vial  with  paraffined  cork  stopper ; 2nd,  a circular  which 
has  printed  upon  one  side  instructions  for  collecting  samples,  and' 
on  the  reverse,  blank  outline  of  data  of  the  case  to  be  filled  by  physi- 
cians ; 3rd,  these  are  enclosed  in  a pasteboard  box. 

These  outfits  may  be  obtained  either  at  the  laboratory  or  at  any 
of  the  culture  stations  above  designated.  They  are  to  be  returned  to 
the  station  or  laboratory.  If  they  are  returned  to  the  laboratory  they 
are  examined  the  same  day ; if  to  the  station,  they  are  collected  and 
examined  the  next  morning  and  reported  upon  before  noon. 

Method  of  Staining. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides,  several  loopfuls,  or,  if  present 
several  caseous  masses  being  used.  This  ensures  the  examination  of 


54 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


a considerable  amount  of  material  and  makes  the  finding  more 
probable. 

After  fixing,  smears  are  stained  in  hot  Carbol  Fuchsin  from  3 to  5 
minutes,  washed  and  decolorized  in  3 per  cent  acid  alcohol  (using  95 
per  cent,  alcohol  to  which  3 per  cent,  hydrochloric  acid  has  been 
added),  then  counterstained  with  methylene  blue.  The  bacilli  of 
tuberculosis  stains  red,  all  other  bacilli  blue,  or  not  at  all. 

If  requested,  or  if  specimens  from  same  patient  have  been  sub- 
mitted several  times,  the  sputum  is  digested  with  solution  of  KOH 
centrifugated  for  10  minutes,  and  the  sediment  examined. 

For  diagnosis  of  tuberculosis  of  the  kidney  the  whole  of  a twenty- 
four  hour  sample  of  urine  should  be  submitted.  This  is  centrifugated 
and  sediment  examined.  If  bacteria  are  not  found  the  sediment  is 
injected  into  Guinea  pigs  introperitpneally.  This  is  repeated  at  inter- 
vals of  four  or  five  days  for  a half  dozen  injections.  After  six  weeks 
the  pigs  are  killed  and  post-mortem  held  to  determine  whether  or  not 
there  is  tuberculosis  of  the  peritoneum  or  viscera. 

Interpretation  of  Results. 

As  in  other  bacteriological  examinations,  positive  results  mean 
much,  negative  results  mean  but  little.  It  is  possible  that  occasion- 
ally acid  staining  bacilli  of  the  morphology  of  tubercle  bacilli  may  be 
found  in  the  sputum,  but  this  is  an  exceeding  rare  occurrence,  and  in 
persons  suffering  from  cough  and  disease  of  lung  or  larynx,  the  find- 
ing of  germs  in  the  sputum  that  stain  as  above  described  may  be  taken 
as  positive  evidence  of  the  disease. 

A single  negative  result  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  no  bacilli 
were  present  in  the  sample  of  sputum  submitted,  but  simply  that  they 
were  not  demonstrated.  In  like  manner  several  negative  results  of 
several  specimens,  while  it  probably  demonstrates  the  absence  of  the 
bacilli  in  the  sputum,  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the  patient  is  not 
suffering  from  tuberculosis.  Failure  to  find  the  bacilli  may  be  due:  1st, 
to  collection  of  saliva  instead  of  the  pulmonary  expectoration,  or,  2nd, 
to  the  presence  of  so  few  bacteria  that  they  escape  detection,  or  3rd, 
to  the  fact  that  since  there  is  at  the  time  no  breaking  down  of  tissue 
the  bacilli  are  not  present  in  the  sputum,  or,  4th,  that  the  disease  is 
either  acute  miliary  tuberculosis  or  the  early  stage  of  a chronic  fibri- 
nous tuberculosis,  when  they  are  often  absent. 

Hence,  a positive  clinical  diagnosis  should  not  be  reversed  because 


COMMISSION i:r  of  health. 


55 


of  negative  microscopic  findings  in  the  sputum.  Animal  inoculation 
may  be  of  service  in  reaching  conclusions  in  a number  of  these  cases. 

DIPHTHERIA. 

Outfit  for  Making  Cultures. 

The  department  furnishes  for  this  purpose:  1st,  an  aluminum  box 
containing  Loefflers  blood  serunT  sterilized  and  sealed  with  a rubber 
band  to  prevent  drying  or  contamination ; 2nd,  a sterile  swab  of  cot- 
ton on  a wooden  applicator  enclosed  in  a glass  tube  and  sealed  with 
a rubber  cap  ; 3rd,  A circular  of  information  for  taking  smears  and 
making  culture ; 4th,  a card  having  blanks  to  be  filled  out  by  physi- 
cian and  bacteriologist,  giving  date  of  case  and  results  of  laboratory 
examination.  These  are  enclosed  in  a larg6  manilla  envelope. 

These  outfits  may  be  obtained  at  the  laboratory  or  at  the  culture 
stations,  or  when  desired  for  diagnosis  will  be  sent  ta  the  physician. 
They  may  be  returned  to  the  laboratory  or  to  the  culture  station,  or  if 
for  diagnosis,  will  be  called  for. 

All  cultures  reaching  the  laboratory  on  the  day  they  are  made,  are 
placed  in  the  incubator  at  37  degrees  C.  over  night,  and  examined  the 
next  morning. 

On  request  swab  or  five  hour  incubation  examinations  are  made, 
as  set  forth  in  circular  of  information  already  given. 

Method  of  Staining. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides,  fixed  and  stained  with  Loefflers 
alkaline  methylene  blue  for  two  minutes ; washed  and  examined  with 
a 1-12  oil  immersion.  The  characteristic  staining  of  the  bacilli  and 
their  morphology,  together  with  the  evidence  of  snapping  as  seen  in 
their  arrangement  are  the  differentiating  factors  in  determination. 
Interpretation  of  Results. 

Results  are  reported  either  as  positive,  suspicious,  no  growth  or 
negative. 

A report  of  a positive  result  means  that  the  Klebs-Loefffer  bacilli 
have  been  found.  It  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the  patient  has 
diphtheria.  Investigation  by  the  departments  of  health  of  a number 
of  cities  have  clearly  demonstrated  that  from  1.5  to  3 per  cent,  of 
healthy  individuals  have  these  bacilli  in  their  throats,  but  do  not  suffer 
from  the  disease.  The  fact  that  these  patients  do  not  have  diphtheria 
is  due  either  to  absence  of  toxin,  to  bacterial  inactivity  or  because 
the  toxins  are  neutralized. 


56 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


A suspicious  report  with  request  for  another  culture  is  given  when 
a positive  diagnosis  can  not  be  given,  some  bacteria  being -present 
whose  morphology  and  staining  properties  closely  simulate  true  diph- 
theria. 

In  all  cases  where  there  is  no  growth  because  of  a dried  medium 
or  failure  to  implant  the  germs,  or  where  there  is  gross  contamination, 
a request  is  made  for  another  culture.  In  these  cases  nothing  definite 
can  be  learned  from  the  report. 

A negative  report  is  given  in  all  cases  in  which  true  diphtheria 
bacilli  are  not  found.  This  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  they  are 
not  present  in  the  nose,  throat  or  larynx,  but  simply  that  they  are  not 
found  in  the  culture.  Their  absence  from  the  culture  in  such  cases 
is  to  be  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  bacteria  may  have  been  in  the 
larynx  and  culture  taken  from  tonsil  or  some  other  part  of  respiratory 
tract,  or  even  when  present  and  transplanted,  they  may  not  develop. 
A single  negative,  then,  does  not  mean  much,  and  in  suspicious  cases 
three  or  four  cultures  should  be  taken  before  a clinically  suspicious 
case  is  regarded  as  negative. 

TYPHOID  AND  PARATHYPHOID  FEVERS. 

Dried  blood  method  for  making  Widal  Reactions  is  employed. 

Outfit  for  Collecting  and  Transmitting  Blood. 

The  department  furnishes:  1st,  an  aluminum  plate  with  a depres- 

sion for  receiving  the  blood ; 2nd,  a copper  wire  loop  of  given  dimen- 
sions, for  transferring  an  approximate  quantity  of  blood  from 
the  skin  of  the  patient  to  the  plate ; 3rd,  a circular  of  information  as 
to  method  of  securing  and  transmitting  the  blood ; 4th,  a card  with 
blanks  to  be  filled  in  by  physician  and  bacteriologist,  with  data  of  the 
case  and  result  of  the  laboratory  findings.  These  are  enclosed  in  a 
heavy  manilla  addressed  envelope.  The  whole  outfit  is  designed 
and  made  of  such  weight  that  a two  cent  'stamp  will  carry  it  through 
the  mail. 

Outfits  may  be  obtained  at  the  laboratory  or  the  culture  stations. 
They  should  be  returned  to  the  laboratory  by  mail,  and  not  returned 
to  culture  stations. 

Method  of  Examination. 

The  dried  blood  on  the  plate  is  mixed  in  loco  with  about  ten 
drops  of  sterile  water.  A loop  full  of  this  diluted  blood  is  transferred 


COMMISSIONER  OF  IIKALTH. 


57 

to  a cover  glass  and  a few  bacilli  typhosus  (E, berths)  are  transferred 
from  a twenty-four  hour  old  agar  culture  to  the  drop  and  thoroughly 
disseminated.  The  drop  is  examined  at  once  to  determine  that  the 
bacteria  are  not  too  numerous  or  too  few,  and  sufficiently  motile.  The 
hanging  drop  is  then  placed  in  the  incubator  for  one  hour  and  exam- 
ined after  another  hour  outside  the  incubator  to  ascertain  lost  motility 
or  agglutination.  If  motility  is  lost  and  agglutination  is  complete  the 
report  is  sent  as  positive. 

If  there  is  either  lost  motility  or  agglutination  alone  the  report  is 
atypical. 

If  there  is  neither  loss  of  motility  nor  agglutination  the  report  is 
negative. 

Interpretation  of  Results. 

A positive  reaction  results  from  the  presence  in  the  blood  of  the 
patient  of  certain  chemical  bodies  resulting  from  the  reaction  of 
specific  body  forces  to  the  toxine  of  the  typhoid  bacillus.  These 
bodies  may  or  may  not  be  associated  with  the  presence  of  the  anatomic 
lesions  and  the  symptoms  making  up  the  symptom  complex  and  the 
signs  known  as  typhoid  fever.  When  these  bodies  have  once  been 
developed  they  may  remain  for  months  or  years.  The  same  reaction 
has  been  many  times  observed  in  other  diseases,  viz:  Paratyphoid, 

miliary  tuberculosis  and  proteus  infections. 

This  makes  it  necessary  that  complete  histories  should  accompany 
each  specimen  submitted,  so  that  the  results  may  be  judged  accord- 
ingly. Very  essential  is  the  determination  whether  the  patient  has 
previously,  and  how  long  previously,  suffered  from  any  affection  that 
may  have  been  typhoidal  in  nature. 

An  atypical  reaction  means  nothing,  subsequent  reactions  may  be 
either  positive  or  negative,  and  as  often  one  as  the  other. 

A negative  reaction  is  of  but  little  signficance.  The  time,  after  the 
onset  of  the  fever,  at  which  the  reaction  is  obtainable,  may  be  at  any 
time  from  the  first  few  days  until  late  in  the  disease,  and  sometimes 
not  until  after  the  recovery.  Moreover  the  raction  is  not  constantly 
present,  so  that  a negative  may  be  found  interposed  between  two  posi- 
tives. The  necessity  of  taking  several  specimens  and  trying  the  reac- 
tion repeatedly  in  negative  cases,  especially  when  the  clinical  picture 
is  clear,  is  evident. 

For  paratyphoid  and  paracolon  reactions  the  same  outfits  are 


5S 


ANNUAL  KEPOET  OF  THE 


employed,  the  same  methods  used  and  practically  analogous  results 
obtained  as  with  typhoid.  The  difference  rests  with  the  ^culture 
employed. 

MALARIA. 

Malaria  occurs  so  rarely  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee  that  no  special 
outfit  is  supplied  by  the  department.  Glass  slides  are  supplied  on 
application,  and  instructions  and  cards  submitted  therewith,  giving 
technique  of  taking  blood  and  making  cover  glass  preparations  and 
for  providing  the  data  required  for  our  records. 

Method  of  Examination . 

Cover  glass  preparations  are  returned  to  the  laboratory,  and  at 
once  fixed  and  stained  by  double  stain  method.  The  finding  of  the 
plasmodia  malaria  is  positive  evidence  of  the  existence  of  the  disease. 

INFLUENZA. 

No  special  outfit.  Sputum  outfit  may  be  used. 

Method. 

Secretions  from  nasal  or  bronchial  membranes  are  sent  to  the  lab- 
ratory  and  examined  by  staining  smears  on  glass  slides  by  Smith 
method.  Or  cultures  are  made  on  glycerine  agar,  on  the  surface  of 
which  human  blood  has  been  smeared,  and  then  examined. 

RABIES. 

General  I nst  ructions. 

Animals  suspected  of  rabies  should  not  be  killed,  but  confined, 
and  notification  sent  to  the  department  laboratories,  so  that  the  animal 
may  be  kept  under  surveillance,  and  thus  possibly  a probable  diagnosis 
made  at  once.  If  animals  die  or  are  killed  the  whole  body  should  at 
once  be  sent  to  the  laboratories,  so  that  it  may  immediately  be  placed 
on  ice.  If  this  can  not  be  done,  at  least  the  head  disarticulated  low 
down  between  the  shoulders  should  be  submitted. 

Method. 

An  emulsion  is  made  by  thoroughly  macerating  about  one  gram 
of  the  medulla  (carefully  exposed  and  removed)  in  about  100  c.  c.  of 
sterile  water  or  bouillon.  A few  drops  of  this  emulsion  are  injected 
beneath  the  dura  mater  of  each  of  two  rabbits.  The  dura  is  exposed 
by  trephining  at  a point  about  in  the  midline  and  just  posterior  to  the 


line  connecting  the  eyes.  The  plate  of  bone  is  not  replaced.  A col- 
lodion dressing  is  applied.  Rabbits  inoculated  from  rabid  animals 
pass  through  a state  of  excitation  and  convulsions,  followed  by  par- 
alysis and  death  in  from  sixteen  to  thirty-five  days,  some  even  later. 

Post  mortems  are  then  conducted  and  blood  cultures  made  to  ex- 
clude the  possibility  of  death  from  other  infection.  Reinoculations 
have  frequently  been  made  for  confirmation. 

PNEUMONIA. 

Outfit. 

No  special  outfit  is  provided.  The  sputum  outfit  may  be  used. 
Method. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides  of  the  sputum,  and  stained  directly 
with  methylene  blue  to  demonstrate  the  presence  of  the  diplococcus. 
Since,  however,  this  is  not  a differential  stain,  animal  inoculations  are 
employed,  when  a diplococcus  presenting  the  morphology  of  diplo- 
coccus pneumonii  is  found. 

One  or  two  c.  c.  of  the  sputum  are  injected  into  the  prominent 
posterior  vein  of  the  ear  of  a rabbit.  Death  results  in  about  eighteen 
hours  in  positive  cases,  and  cultures  are  recovered  from  the  blood. 


60 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  SHOWING  NUMBER  AND  KINDS  OF  BACTERIOLOGICAL 


EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTHS. 


MONTH. 

Diphtheria. 

Sputum. 

January  

38 

23 

February  

57 

21 

March  

28 

31 

April  

30 

42 

May  

29 

33 

June  

25 

34 

July  

28 

34 

August  

14 

26 

September  

29 

19f 

October  

32 

22 

November  

33 

20 

December  

40 

17 

323 


Blood. 

Pus. 

Miscellaneous.  I 

Animal 

Inoculation. 

Total. 

12 

1 

3 

77 

4 

3 

2 

87 

2 

4 

2 

67 

8 

2 

33 

115 

6 

3 

6 

77 

12 

7 

3 

81 

2 

1 

65 

5 

1 

7 



2 

55 

7 

1 

6 

1 

63 

15 

4 

3 

76 

11 

3 

3 

70 

13 

8 

3 

81 

97 

27 

76 

9 

915 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


01 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  DIPHTHERIA  EXAMINATIONS 
BY  MONTHS. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

tn 

3 

.2 

o 

ft 

X. 

c n 

No.  Growth. 

Negative. 

Total. 

January  1 

18  ' 

2 j 

2 ! 

1 

16 

38 

February  1 

16 

I 5 

6 

I, 

20  1 

1 

I 57 

March  j 

1 

1 

4 

22 

28 

April  

9 

3 

2 

16 

30 

May  

4 

5 

6 

14 

29 

June  

4 

2 

3 

16 

1 25 

July  

, ,19  , , 

/ ,1  ; 1 1 
D ) 5 3s 

3 

0 ) 

22 

1 28 

August  ...  . . . ; ... 

l L,  i 1 ° 

' i 

, i 2 

10 

14 

September , ;. 

J J 3 J ) ) 

> '8  ; ,> 
! -1  j i 

>,  2 

3 

16 

29 

October  

J3 

2 

i 

3 

22 

32 

November  

9 

| 4 

3 

17 

33 

December  ..../. 

>°  14 

! 5 

1 

2 

19 

1 

40 

81 

J 33 

1 

I 39 

1 

1 

1 220 
1 

I 373 

1 

1942 


62 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  PARA-TYPHOID  EXAMINATIONS 

Blr  MONTHS. 

PARA-TYPHOID.  A 


PARA -TYPHOID.:  B.  ' 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

o 

‘a 

< 

Negative. 

Total. 

August  

1 

1 

3 

5 

September  

1 

2 

3 

October  

2 

2 

4 

November  

1 

2 

7 

10 

Dpeember  

1 

2 

3 

j 

4 

5 

16 

25 

1 

COMMISSION er  of  health. 


63 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  TYPHOID  EXAMINATIONS 
BY  MONTHS. 

BLOOD.  EBERTH  BACILLI. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

Atypical 

Negative. 

Total. 

January  

3 

2 

7 

12 

February  

1 

1 

2 

4 

March  

2 

2 

April  

1 

1 

6 ! 

8 

May  

1 

1 

1 4 

6 

June  

3 

1 

2 

7 

12 

July  - 

2 

2 

August  

1 

1 

3 

5 

September  

1 

2 

4 

October  

2 

2 

11 

15 

November  

j 2 

2 

7 

11 

December  

o 

1 3 

2 

8 

i 

13 

1 18  1 

i 

16 

i 

63 

97 

64 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  SPUTUM  EXAMINATIONS 
BY  MONTHS. 

SPUTUM  FOR  TUBERCULOSIS. 


MONTH. 

positive. 

Negative. 

Total. 

January  J 

3 

20 

23 

February  1 

6 

15 

21 

1 

March  | 

6 

25 

31 

' 

April  

9 

34 

43 

May  

6 

27 

33 

June  | 

12 

22 

34 

July ] 

i 

10 

24 

34 

1 

August  

7 

19 

26 

September  

6 

13 

19 

October  

4 

18 

22 

November  

9 

11 

20 

December  

6 

11 

17 

1 

84 

1 

239 

323 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  65 

TABLE  SHOWING  NUMBER  AND  KINDS  OF  MISCELLANEOUS 
EXAMINATIONS  FOR  THE  YEAR. 

Septic  infections  3 

Streptococcus  2 

Staphlococcus  1 

Gonorrhoea  24 

Positive  22 

Negative  2 

Tubercular  abscess — trichinea  in  meat — leptothrix  urine  sediment,  etc. 
ANIMAL  INOCULATIONS. 

Guinea  pigs — 

Typhoid — Milk  5 

Tubercular  urine  , 3 

Cystic  fluid  . 1 

Ascitix  fluid 1 

Rabbits — 

Pneumonia 2 

Hydrophobia— 

For  diagnosis  » 15 

Positive 5 

Negative  8 

Undetermined  1 

Pending 1 

MILK  INVESTIGATIONS— TABLE  No.  I. 

Number  of  milk  dealers  licensed  during'  the  year 031 

Total  samples  of  milk  analyzed  in  1903 8,173 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  8,173  samples 3.74% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%  butter  fat 380 

Per  cent,  below  3% 4.53% 

Number  of  samples  from  the  street 2.111 

Average  per  cent,  of  2,111  samples  from  the  street 3.76% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%  from  the  street 168 

Per  cent,  below  3% 7.9  % 

Number  of  samples  from  the  depots 5,392 

Average  per  cent,  of  5,392  samples 3.94% 

Number  of  samples  below  3% 114 

Per  cent,  below  3% 2.1  % 

Number  of  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals 670 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  670  samxdes 3.43% 

Number  of  samples  below  3% 98 

Per  cent,  below  3% 14.6% 

Number  of  samples  of  cream  tested 2,733 

Average  per  cent,  of  2,733  samples 19.24% 

Number  of  arrests  made  in  1903 44 

Amount  of  tines  imposed $600 

Quarts  of  milk  confiscated  in  1903 2,048 


TABLE  It.- -SHOWING  NUMBER  AND  RESULTS  OE  EXAMINATION  OF  MILK  AND  CREAM  BY  MONTH. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  TIIE 


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COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  67 


68 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  IV.— SHOWING  NUMBER  AND  KINDS  OF  CHEMICAL  ANALYSIS 

FOR  THE  YEAR. 


Milk  8.173 

Cream  2,733 

Well  water 76 

City  water 13 

River  water  6 

Sewer  water t 2 

Ice  water 1 

Food  products  (from  private  individuals) 26 

Butter  4 

Lard  2 

Milk 8 

Honey  5 

Meat  2 

Flour  1 

Coffee  1 

Wine  1 

Fruit  (preserved)  2 

Miscellaneous  analyses  11 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  ANALYSIS  OF  CITY  WATER 
FOR  THE  YEAR. 

1— CITY  WATER. 


Chlorides. 

Nitrates. 

Nitrites. 

Free 

Ammonia. 

Alb. 

Ammonia. 

Oxvgrn 

Consumed. 

1 

.4 

None 

None 

2 

.22 

.006 

.0015 

3 

.32 

“ 

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.006 

.006 

.2 

4 

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“ 

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5 

6 

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.008 

.19 

6 

Trace 

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7 

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.18 

8 

1.0 

None 

“ 

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.17 

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“ 

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.14 

10 

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Traces 

None 

.004 

.03 

11 

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.005 

.008 

.1 

13 

.3 

“ 

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.01 

.11 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


69 


2— WELL  WATER. 


Water  of  wells  found  to  be  unfit  for  use 46 

Water  of  wells  found  'to  be  fit  for  use 30 


CHEMICAL  ANALYSES  FOR  FOUR  YEARS. 


1900.  1901.  1902.  1903. 

Milk  5,614  6,274  7,775  8,173 

Cream 908  1,574  1,986  2,733 

Lake  water 72  5 13  13 

•Well  water 155  136  87  76 

Miscellaneous 25  35  62  36 


6,774  8,027  9,913  11,031 

BACTERIOLOGICAL  AND  MICROSCOPICAL  EXAMINATIONS. 

1900.  1901.  1902.  1903. 


Diphtheria  417  382  384  383 

Sputum 65  117  292  323 

Blood  (Widal  test)  . 58  81  56  97 

Miscellaneous  i 34  106  39  82 

374  686  711  925 


REPORT  OF  CASE  OF  HYDROPHOBIA  AND  EXPOSITION 
OF  METHOD  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT. 

In  addition  to  giving-  a report  of  a case  of  hydrophobia,  we  here 
detail  the  methods  employed  in  the  local  health  department  labora- 
tories in  the  diagnosis  of  the  disease,  and  the  results  of  the  investi- 
gations which  have  been  carried  on  during  the  past  six  months.  These 
methods  are  not  new,  nor  are  the  results  startling.  They  are  sub- 
mitted because  they  may  be  of  some  general  interest  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  the  rabies  lias  been  diagnosed  in  various  parts  of  our  com- 
monwealth within  the  last  two  years,  and  because  by  discussing  these 
methods,  and  noting  the  errors  we  made,  others  working  in  this  field 
may  avoid  like  mistakes,  or  point  out  to  us  unrecognized  shortcomings 
in  our  work. 

The  method  employed  in  the  diagnosis  of  rabies  is  based  upon  the 
work  performed  by  Pasteur,  and  made  public  in  1881.  He  reported 
that  he  was  able  to  produce  the  disease  in  susceptible  animals  by 
inoculations  of  material  from  the  medulla  oblongata,  the  frontal  lobe 
of  the-  cerebral  hemispheres  and  the  cerebro  spinal  fluid  of  rabid 
animals.  The  practical  application  of  this  discovery  was  not  realized 


70 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


until  four  years  later,  when  he  announced  that  he  had  perfected  and 
successfully  employed  a method  of  protective  immunity  in  those  bitten 
by  rabid  animals.  Since  this  immunity  must  be  acquired  before  the 
appearance  of  the  symptoms  of  the  disease,  and  since  this  is  possible 
because  the  period  of  incubation  in  man  is  considerably  longer  than 
in  inoculated  animals,  the  advantage  of  an  early  diagnosis  in  suspected 
cases  is  quite  apparent. 

Despite  the  fact  that  the  specific  germ  has  not  been  discovered 
this  work  of  Pasteur  has  given  at  once  a positive  method  of  diagnosis 
and  a preventive  method  of  treatment  in  this  dread  disease. 

The  first  case  occurring  in  Milwaukee  was  reported  to  the  Health 
Department  laboratories  June  27th  of  this  year.  A dog,  previously 
gentle  and  obedient,  after  a few  day’s  illness,  the  symptoms  of  which 
we  were  unable  to  ascertain  owing  to  conflicting  reports,  had  strayed 
from  home  and  become  so  vicious  that  he  attacked,  without  provoca- 
tion, people  whom  he  met.  Nine  individuals  were  bitten  before  the 
animal  was  shot.  The  body  was  immediately  sent  to  the  laboratories 
to  determine  whether  or  not  the  dog  was  rabid.  Since  we  were  not 
flamiliar  with  the  technique  of  the  operation  for  the  inoculation  of  rab- 
bits, the  head  of  the  animal,  which  had  been  kept  on  ice,  was  taken  to 
the  agricultural  experiment  station  at  Madison,  where  Dr.  Frost  and 
the  department  analyst  each  inoculated  a rabbit.  The  animals  devel- 
oped symptoms  of  rabies  and  died  eighteen  days  later.  Those  bitten 
were  sent  to  the  Pasteur  Institute,  where  they  were  successfully 
treated. 

During  the  months  of  July  and  early  August  we  had  the  opportunity 
while  visiting  the  municipal  laboratories  in  a number  of  eastern  cities, 
to  observe  the  methods  there  employed  for  the  diagnosis  of  rabies. 
They  were  essentially  the  same  as  those  employed  at  the  Experiment 
Station.  That  we  might  become  familiar  with  the  technique,  and 
acquire  a readiness  in  performing  the  operation  with  as  little  injury  to, 
and  strain  upon  the  rabbits  as  possible,  we  made  during  August, 
experimental  inoculations  upon  four  rabbits.  Of  these  two  were  inoc- 
lated  with  sterile  bouillon,  two  with  sterile  water ; one  sustained  a 
severe  injury  of  the  brain  in  consequence  of  unskillful  traphining,  and 
died  the  next  morning.  The  other  three  rabbits  are  still  living. 

On  August  25th  a dog  was  shot  on  Jones  Island,  and  another  at 
the  foot  of  Clinton  street.  The  animals  were  vicious  and  had  bitten 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


71 


a number  of  people.  The  bodies  of  the  dogs  were  removed  to  the 
laboratories,  placed  on  ice  until  preparations  for  the  inoculation  of  the 
rabbits  were  completed.  The  head  of  the  dog  was  then  disarticulated 
from  the  body  by  separating  the  atlas  from  the  cranium,  the  cord 
exposed  and  severed  about  one-half  inch  below  the  medulla.  This  was 
done  as  aseptically  as  possible.  The  exposed  medulla  was  then  cut 
across  with  a hot  scapel  and  a piece  of  the  interior  of  this  part  of  the 
brain  the  size  of  a pea  scooped  out  and  transferred  to  five  c.  c.  of  sterile 
bouillon.  The  brain  tissue  was  emulsified  in  the  liquid  by  crushing 
and  stirring  thoroughly.  Two  rabbits  were  inoculated  with  the  emul- 
sion made  from  the  medulla  of  each  dog.  The  method  as  follows: 

The  rabbit  was  placed  on  the  table,  the  hair  cut  as  closely  as  could 
'be  done  with  curved  scissors,  from  an  area  one  and  one-half  inches 
long  and  three  fourths  inches  wide  on  the  front  of  the  head,  its  center 
slightly  above  an  imaginary  line  connecting  the  center  of  the  eyes. 
The  denuded  area  was  then  thoroughly  washed  with  a 10  per  cent, 
solution  of  phenol,  which  acts  as  an  antiseptic,  and  probably  as  a local 
anaesthetic.  All  instruments,  of  course,  are  sterilized.  A longitudinal 
incision  about  an  inch  in  length  is  made  along  the  median  line  of  this  * 
area,  and  the  skin  and  periosteum  retracted  so  that  a plate  of  bone 
3-16  of  an  inch  in  diameter  can  be  trephined  from  the  parietal  bones 
at  a point  about  \ inch  above  the  midway  between  the  eyes.  This 
plate  is  removed,  and  the  dura  mater  exposed ; the  membrane  is 
picked  up  carefully  with  forceps,  and  by  means  of  a hypordermic 
syringe  (the  needle  passed  through  the  dura  a little  to  one  side  of  the 
central  line  so  as  to  avoid  the  blood  vessels)  two  or  three  drops  of  the 
prepared  emulsion  is  injected  into  the  subarachnoid  space.  The  plate 
of  bone  is  not  replaced.  The  wound  edges  are  brought  into  apposi- 
tion and  a cotton  collodion  dressing  applied.  Rabbits  are  but  slightly 
affected  by  the  operation.  They  never  struggle,  and  seldom  move 
after  one  has  begun  work  until  they  are  returned  to  their  cages.  Then 
they  usually  shake  the  head,  move  about  and  partake  of  food  at  once. 
Only  twice  have  symptoms  of  shock  been  observed,  and  only  once 
were  they  of  such  severity  that  it  was  deemed  necessary  to  administer 
a stimulant. 

In  subsequent  portions  of  this  report  it  is  to  be  understood  that  * 
emulsions  are  prepared  and  inoculations  performed  in  the  manner  just 
described.  The  rabbits  inoculated  from  the  Jones  Island  dog  (number 


72 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


two  iii  our  histories)  completely  recovered,  and  are  still  living-.  The 
history  of  those  inoculated  from  dog  number  three  is  as  follows: 

Rabbits  A and  B.  Inoculation,  August  16th.  Rabbit  A recovered 
from  operation  readily,  being  as  bright  and  active,  and  eating  as 
heartily  as  before  operation,  until  September  2nd,  seventeen  days  after 
the  inoculation.  On  this  date  the  rabbit  was  nervous ; loud  sounds 
and  bright  light  disturbed  him ; he  was  generally  hypersensitive,  and 
appetite  was  impaired.  On  the  eighteenth  day  he  became  apathetic, 
and  on  the  nineteenth  passed  into  a condition  of  lethargy,  ate  very 
little,  could  not  be  aroused,  eyes  were  congested.  On  the  twentieth 
day  there  was  evidence  of  beginning  paralysis  in  the  hind  legs.  On 
the  twentieth  and  twenty-second  days  paralysis  was  more  marked,  and 
extended  forward.  On  the  morning  of  the  twenty-third  day  the  animal 
was  almost  completely  paralyzed;  head  was  retracted,  and  he  died 
during  the  afternoon. 

Post  mortem  examination  showed  no  lesions  or  pathological 
changes  of  the  organs  of  the  thorax  or  abdomen,  except  possibly  gen- 
eral slight  congestion.  The  stomach  contained  sawdust,  with  which 
the  floors  of  the  cages  are  covered.  The  brain  was  exposed,  the 
wound  produced  in  operating  was  entirely  healed,  cartilage  had  partly 
closed  opening  made  by  the  trephine.  No  pressue  upon  or  adhesion  of 
the  convulsions  was  to  be  seen,  which  would  account 'for  the  paralysis. 
The  meninges,  and  to  a lesser  extent,  the  brain  were  somewhat  con- 
gested, the  blood  being  quite  dark  in  color.  No  pathological  changes 
were  discovered  which  seemed  a sufficient  cause  for  death.  The  heart 
was  carefully  opened  aseptically,  and  from  the  blood  in  its  interior 
strokes  were  made  on  blood  serum  and  agar  tubes.  These  showed  no 
growth  in  seventy-two  hours.  The  case  was  pronounced  one  of  rabies. 

The  second  rabbit,  B,  died  on  the  twenty-seventh  day,  having  man- 
ifested analogous  symptoms  and  findings,  and  giving,  as  in  the  former, 
negative  post  mortem.  From  the  first  rabbit,  A,  we  inoculated  another 
animal,  which  developed  like  symptoms  and  died  in  nineteen  days. 
Results  of  the  post  mortem  examination  and  the  blood  cultures, 
negative. 

While,  during  the  month  of  August  and  September,  and  five  days 
of  October,  thirty-one  other  dogs  came  under  the  observation  of  the 
department,  none  of  these  developed  either  typical  or  even  atypical 
symptoms  of  rabies,  and  it  was  not  until  October  6th  that  another  dog, 


( OMM ISS I ON  HE  OF  H FA  I /T 1 1 . 


73 


No.  4,  was  experimentally  examined.  Two  rabbits,  A and  B,  were 
inoculated  with  emulsion  of  the  dogs  medulla,  and  one  control,  C, 
with  sterile  bouillon.  All  rapidly  recovered  from  operations.  A and 
B developed  symptoms  of  rabies,  became  paralyzed  and  died,  one  on 
November  6th  and  the  other  on  November  14th.  Post  mortem  find- 
ings and  blood  cultures  in  both  cases,  negative.  Diagnosis,  rabies. 
The  control  animal  developed,  twelve  days  after  operation,  a number 
of  large  abscesses;  by  opening  and  draining  these  it  entirely  recov- 
ered, but  on  December  17th,  more  than  a month  after  the  death  of 
rabbits  A and  B and  seventy-two  days  after  inoculation  the  abscesses 
recurred,  and  the  rabbit  was  killed.  Cultures  made  from  abscess  con- 
tents showed  that  the  infection  was  due  to  staphylococous  pyogenes 
aureus. 

On  October  16,  a dog  (No.  5)  was  shot,  after  having  bitten  two 
people  and  three  dogs,  and  having  killed  a number  of  geese.  Two  rab- 
bits were  inoculated  with  the  emulsion  of  the  medulla.  No  symptoms 
developed.  One  of  the  rabbits  is' still  in  the  laboratory,  the  other  was 
recently  used  for  drug  determination.  Of  the  dogs  bitten  one,  No.  6, 
became  ill  and  was  killed.  Experimental  inoculation  made  on  Novem- 
ber 6th  gave  no  results.  The  other  two  were  confined,  but  later  killed 
and  not  reported  to  the  laboratory,  so  that  we  have  no  data  of  results 
in  these  cases. 

During  October  and  November  fourteen  other  dogs  came  under 
our  observation,  most  of  them  not  rabid,  as  evidenced  by  the  symp- 
toms and  subsequent  course  of  diseas'e.  One  dog,  No.  7,  had  some 
of  the  symptoms  of  rabies  of  a furious  type.  Having  been  aroused  to 
eject  him  from  the  car  barns  on  Farwell  avenue,  he  became  most 
vicious,  and  bit  several  people  before  he  was  shot.  The  bullet  entered 
between  the  first  and  second  servical  vertebrae,  passed  forward  and 
downward  and  fractured  the  base  of  the  cranium,  causing  profuse 
hemorrhage  into  the  brain  and  cord.  Indiscreetly  the  injured  medulla 
was  used  for  the  preparation  of  the  emulsion.  It  was  thought  that 
there  would  be  but  little  likelihood  of  infection  along  the  path  of  the 
bullet.  This  conclusion  was  erroneous,  for  of  two  rabbits  inoculated, 
one  died  the  next  day,  and  one  on  the  third  day  of  septacemia.  Blood 
cultures  gave  a coccic  growth,  but  specie  was  not  positively  determ- 
ined. The  dog’s  body  having  been  disposed  of  in  the  meantime,  we 
had  no  means  of  proceeding  with  the  experiment  or  arriving  at  a 


74 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


diagnosis.  It  was  a serious  mistake,  and  taught  its  lesson.  On 
November  24th,  a dog,  said  to  have  been  bitten  by  dog  No.  4,  and 
at  home  in  the  same  locality,  became  vicious,  bit  several  people  and 
was  shot.  Inoculations  were  made  the  same  day.  Rabbits  died 
December  12th  and  15th  respectively  with  symptoms  of  rabies.  On 
December  5 we  were  notified  that  a dog  which  had  been  ill  for  a few 
days  had  bitten  a child.  The  animal  was  confined.  He  developed 
symptoms  of  rabies,  became  paralyzed  two  days  later  and  died  Decem- 
ber 8th.  A rabbit  was  inoculated,  which  developed  classical  symptoms 
of  rather  a furious  type  of  rabies,  and  died  December  24th,  sixteen 
days  after  inoculation.  Blood  cultures  and  post  mortem  findings, 
negative.  A reinoculation  was  made  and  the  case  is  pending. 

On  December  22nd,  dog  No.  10,  was  brought  to  the  laboratory 
for  observation.  He  showed  the  following  symptoms:  He  was  ex- 

ceedingly nervous,  constantly  changing  his  positions,  eyes  were  blood- 
shot and  slightly  prominent,  tongue  brownish  in  color,  secretions  of 
saliva  excessive,  so  that  there  was  constant  drooling.  He  was  espec- 
ially sensitive  to  sound  and  light,  starting  violently  when  sound  was 
suddenly  produced,  crawling  into  the  shadow  when  the  electric  lights 
were  turned  on.  On  the  first  day  he  drank  water  but  refused  food. 
On  the  23rcl  he  suffered  a number  of  convulsions,  one  initiated  by  the 
slamming  of  a door,  one  by  an  attempt  at  drinking,  and  one  other 
spontaneously,  so  far  as  we  know.  There  was  some  slight  incoordina- 
tion of  the  hind  legs.  He  would  snap  at  any  object  tossed  at  him  or 
placed  near  him,  and  once  during  a paroxysm,  he  violently  tore  a 
board  from  a box  within  his  reach,  and  furiously  shook  and  bit  into 
it.  He  ate  none  of  the  proffered  food,  but  tried  to  drink,  and  fre- 
quently licked  the  ice  boxes  to'  which  he  was  tied.  At  times  he  emitted 
a sort  of  howl,  neither  a bark  nor  a whine.  On  the  24th  and  25th  the 
symptoms  were  practically  the  same,  except  that  the  convulsions  were 
more  numerous  and  paralysis  more  marked.  He  did  not  drink,  jaw 
drop  was  notice  late  in  the  afternoon.  Animal  died  during  the  night 
of  the  25th.  The  post  mortem  examination  revealed  some  congestion 
of  internal  organs.  The  stomach  contained  a large  mass  of  excelsior 
which  we  had  supplied  for  a bed.  Intestines  were  opened  to'  see  that 
no  parasites  were  present.  Cultures  of  the  blood  were  negative.  Brain 
and  meninges  much  congested.  Blood  a very  dark  color. 

Rabbits  inoculated  December  26th  are  under  observation. 


COM  M I SSI  ON  ER  OF  1 1 E A LTH. 


75 


On  December  8th  the  department  was  notified  by  the  Major  Sur- 
geon, National  Home  Hospital,  that  a patient  under  his  care  had  died 
in  the  hospital.  History  and  symptoms  as  follows:  He  had  reported 

at  the  hospital  five  weeks  previous  to  his  decease  to  have  a wound 
produced  by  a bite  of  a dog  cauterized.  One  of  the  assistant  surgeons 
applied  phenol  to  the  wound  and  sent  the  man  back  to  his  quarters. 
On  December  5th  he  again  appeared  at  the  hospital  craving  treat- 
ment, complaining  and  showing  symptoms  as  follows/  (I  quote  the 
assistant  Surgeon): 

'‘This  patient  was  admitted  to  the  hospital  on  the  morning  of 
December  5th,  1903,  and  at  the  time  complained  of  nausea,  anorexia, 
chilliness  and  headache.  He  vomited  considerably,  and  as  he  was 
known  to  be  a heavy  drinker,  his  condition  was  attributed  to  over- 
indulgence  in  alcoholics,  and  appropriate  treatment  was  instituted. 
Later  in  the  day  of  his  admission  he  became  extremely  restless,  devel- 
oped considerable  pyrexia,  his  temperature  running  up  to  102.4,  pulse 
92.  He  remarked  to  the  nurse  that  at  some  time  previous  he  had  been 
bitten  by  a dog,  but  no>  particular  attention  was  paid  to  the  statement. 
Late  in  the  evening  the  night  nurse  observed  that  he  experienced 
some  difficulty  in  swallowing,  and  although  he  called  frequently  for 
water,  was  unable  to  drink.  The  following  day  his  restlessness  had 
increased ; his  eyes  were  bloodshot ; sensitiveness  to  light  and  sound 
was  extreme.  His  face  bore  an  anxious  expression.  His  pulse  was 
rapid  and  of  high  tension,  and  every  attempt  at  swallowing  resulted  in 
a spasm  of  the  muscles  of  deglutination  and  respiration,  accompanied 
by  great  nervous  excitement,  approaching  mania,  in  which  he  cried 
out  in  fear  and  uttered  inarticulate  expressions.  Profuse  salivation 
developed,  causing  frequent  copious  expectorations  of  viscid  mucous, 
which  drooled  over  his  face  and  clothing.  His  face  was  distorted  with 
an  expression  of  great  fear.  The  paroxysms  were  not  regular,  either 
in  frequency  of  occurrence  or  period  of  duration,  and  the  interim  was 
occupied  by  a period  of  quiet,  in  which  the  patient  lay  quietly,  breath- 
ing heavily. 

"Finally  the  paroxysms  became  more  frequent  and  violent,  the 
patient  threw  himself  upon  the  floor  and  struck  himself  violently 
against  surrounding  objects,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to  secure  his 
hands. 

“Later  a stage  of  exhaustion  was  reached,  and  the  patient  became 


76 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


cyanosed,  his  jaw  dropped,  and  death  rapidly  supervened,  occuring 
at  9 o’clock,  Sunday,  December  Gth. 

“It  developed  later  that  this  patient  called  at  the  hospital  about 
five  weeks  previous  to  the  attack,  with  a small  wound  upon  his  right 
hand,  which  he  claimed  was  inflicted  by  a dog,  and  which  was  cauter- 
ized thoroughly. 

‘‘The  autopsy  revealed  no  marked  pathological  lesions,  except  a 
congestion  of  the  meninges,  brain,  lungs,  pharynx  and  larynx,  and  a 
cystic,  sclerosed  condition  of  both  kidneys. 

“A  portion  of  the  medulla  was  removed,  and  a rabbit  was  inocu- 
lated with  an  emulsion  thereof  by  city  analyst. 

“On  December  10th  a post  mortem  examination  was  held.  The 
brain  was  removed.  The  organ  was  considerably  congested,  the  men- 
inges especially  were  markedly  hyperaemic,  the  veins  filled  with  dark 
ari4  almost  black  blood.  The  medulla  was  carefully  exposed  and  an 
emulsion  made  from  a portion  of  its  interior. 

“Dr.  John  M.  Beffel  held  the  post  mortem,  and  reported  some  con- 
gestion of  the  lungs  and  trachea,  marked  congestion  of  the  oesophagus 
and  pharynx.  Other  organs  except  the  kidneys  were  quite  normal. 
The  kidneys  were  cystic  and  moreover  gave  evidence  of  interstitial 
nephritis.  The  pathologist  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that  death  could  not 
be  accounted  for  from  the  pathological  findings,  unless  as  a result 
of  the  nephritis.  Diagnosis  lay  between  uraemia  intoxication  with 
mania  and  hydrophobia.  The  presence  of  nearly  normal  quantity  of 
urine  with  a normal  quantity  of  solids,  normal  specific  gravity,  only 
a small  quantity  of  albumen,  and  the  absence  of  any  casts  and  the 
symptoms  generally,  made  it  rather  improbable  that  death  was  due  to 
Bright’s  disease. 

“Rabbits  were  inoculated  with  an  emulsion  of  the  man’s  medulla. 
They  recovered  from  the  operation  readily,  but  on  December  20th 
became  quite  nervous.  Later  developed  typical  symptoms  of  rabies, 
became  completely  paralyzed  and  one  died  on  December  25,  the  other 
December  28th.  Post  mortem  findings  gave  negative,  except  that  in 
the  liver  was  found  thoroughly  insisted  pus  sacs,  which,  owing  to  the 
thickness  of  their  capsule  and  the  normal  condition  of  the  spleen,  were 
considered  of  long  standing.  The  brain  tissues  were  normal  in  appear- 
ance, but  meninges  were  hyperaemic.  Blood  cultures  negative.  An- 
other rabbit  was  inoculated  with  emulsion  of  medulla  of  this  one,  and 


COMMISSIONER  OE  HEALTH. 


is  at  present  under  observation.  There  is  but  little  doubt  that  this  is 
a positive  case  of  hydrophobia.” 

The  following  is  a summary  of  the  department’s  work  in  this  field 


during  the  last  six  months: 

Total  number  of  dog's  reported  and  examined 62 

Number  kept  confined  and  observed  to  determine  nature  of  disease  51 

Number  dismissed  as  not  rabid 47 

Number  that  died  and  from  which  inoculations  were  made 4 

Positive  results  from 1 

Negative  results  from 2 

Still  pending 1 

Number  killed  and  sent  to  laboratory  for  examination 11 

Number  proving-  positive 4 

Number  proving-  negative 6 

Undetermined  . 1 

Total  cases  diagnosed  as  rabies 5 

Still  pending  1 

Undetermined 1 

Number  of  cases  examined,  found  not  rabies 55 

Negative  results  from  symptoms  and  course  of  disease 47 

Negative  results  from  inoculation 8 

Average  period  of  time  from  inoculation  to  death  of  rabid  animals.  24  da. 

Maximum  period  48  da. 

Minimum  period  16  da. 


We  have  the  following  checks  upon  our  work  and  results:  1st, 

the  existence  of  rabies  in  Milwaukee,  confirmed  and  established  at  the 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  at  Madison.  2nd,  positive  results  in 
dog  No.  4,  and  later  positive  results  in  dog  No.  7,  bitten  by  dog  No.  4. 
3rd,  negative  results  in  dog  No.  5,  and  later  negative  results  in  dog 
No.  6,  bitten  by  dog  No.  5.  4th,  positive  clynical  case  in  dog  No.  8, 
confirmed  by  inoculation.  5th,  positive  results  upon  reinoculation 
from  dogs  Nos.  3 and  10.  6th,  one  positive  clynical  case  in  the  human 
confirmed  by  laboratory  inoculation.  7th,  negative  results  in  all  con- 
trols and  in  those  inoculations  made  for  technical  purposes. 

Unfortunately  no  work  in  the  study  of  the  pathological  histology 
of  the  nervous  system  of  the  rabid  animal  has  been  pursued.  To  have 
done  this  would  have  required  a long  period  of  most  careful  study  of 
the  normal  histology  of  the  nervous  system  of  the  dog  and  rabbit,  and 
extensive  and  most  careful  work  to  develop  the  technique  of  preparing 
specimens  and  much  study  to  acquire  familiarity  with  the  microscopic 
findings  which  would  make  diagnosis  possible  All  this,  the  demands 


78 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


upon  our  time  by  the  routine  work  of  the  laboratories  made  quite  im- 
possible. Moreover,  until  the  work  of  Frederick  Baily,  in  1901,  there 
was  no  known  microscopic  lesion  or  pathological  change  from  which 
a diagnosis  could  be  made.  The  round  cell  infiltration  in  the  spinal 
and  sympathetic  ganglia  not  being  constantly  found  in  rabies,  and 
often  found  in  other  diseases. 

According  to  Baily  a diagnosis  of  rabies  from  microscopic  examin- 
ation of  nerve  tissues  requires  examination  of  tissues  from  various 
parts  of  the  cord  from  the  cerebellum,  the  basal  ganglia,  optic  lobes 
and  cerebrum.  A positive  conclusion  can  be  reached  with  equal,  if 
not  greater  certainty,  and  almost  as  quickly  by  animal  inoculation. 
However,  it  is  of  course  better  to  employ  both  methods  than  either 
one.  We  have  preserved  some  material  and  hope  to  repeat  some  of 
Bail's  work. 

REPORT  OF  FINDINGS  IN  MUNICIPAL  HEALTH  DE- 
PARTMENT LABORATORIES  AND  RECOMMENDA- 
TIONS FOR  REORGANIZATION  OF  LOCAL  DE- 
PARTMENT. 

F.  21.  Schulz,  21.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Dear  Doctor — I have  the  honor  to<  submit  the  following  brief 
report  upon  the  findings  while  investigating  the  laboratories  of  the 
health  departments  of  some  of  the  eastern  cities. 

In  accordance  with  your  desire  and  in  pursuance  of  the  resolution 
of  the  Common  Council  granting  me  leave  of  absence  for  two'  weeks 
for  the  purpose,  I visited  the  health  department  laboratories  of  the 
following  named  cities:  Detroit,  Mich.,  Burlington,  Vt.,  Boston, 

Mass.,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Baltimore,  M.  D.,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  In  Boston  I visited  also  the  Massachusetts  State  Labor- 
atories, and  in  Washington  the  Army  and  Navy  and  Marine  Hospital 
Service  Laboratories. 

Not  deeming  two  weeks  sufficient  time  to  adequately  and  thor- 
oughly pursue  the  investigation,  I employed  in  addition  the  time  of 
my  allowed  annual  vacation,  and  was  thus  enabled  to  devote  about  a 
month  to  the  work. 

This  report  is  necessarily  general  in  its  subject  matter,  the  detail 
is  to  be  found  in  the  accompanying  laboratory  outfits,  cards  and 
reports. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


79 


GENERAL  ORGANIZATION  OF  LABORATORIES  VISITED. 

The  laboratory  work  in  the  departments  inspected  was,  on  the 
whole,  better  organized  and  more  thoroughly  systematized  than  in  our 
own  city.  No  where  did  I find  the  actual  work  of  both  chemical  and 
bacteriological  laboratories  performed  by  one  and  the  same  man, 
though  in  nearly  every  case  under  the  supervision  of  a single  indi- 
vidual, who  in  turn  is  responsible  for  all  the  work  to  the  commissioner 
of  health. 

The  general  scheme  of  these  departments  is  as  follows:  The  lab- 
oratories under  a director  of  laboratories  divided  into  two  depart- 
ments— a chemical  for  analysis  of  water,  food,  milk  and  milk  products 
and  drugs,  and  a bacteriological  for  examination  of  specimens  sub- 
mitted for  diagnosis  of  diseases  and  investigation  of  bacteriological 
problems.  Each  of  these  departments  is  under  the  direct  supervision 
and  control  of  a capable  and  experienced  scientific  man,  chemist  and 
bacteriologist  respectively,  who,  in  turn,  is  accountable  to  the  director 
of  the  laboratories. 

In  New  York  city  the  bacteriological  department  is  further  divided 
into  a laboratory  of  routine  work  and  one  of  research  work.  The  sub- 
division is  carried  even  further.  In  the  chemical  laboratories  there 
are  found  a water  analyst,  a milk  and  milk  product  analyst  and  drug 
analyst.  In  the  bacteriological  laboratories,  for  routine  work  there  is 
often  a man  working  on  diphtheria,  another  on  tuberculosis,  another 
on  malaria  or  typhoid,  etc.  This  subdivision  prevails  in  New  York, 
Baltimore,  Boston,  Philadelphia. 

Baltimore,  in  addition  to  chemical  and  bacteriological,  makes  path- 
ological examinations  and  investigations. 

Briefly  outlined  then,  the  organization  is  as  follows: 

1st.  Chemical  laboratories  under  department  chemist  and 
assistants 

a.  Water  department,  under  assistant. 

b.  Milk  and  milk  products,  under  assistant. 

c.  Food  department,  under  assistant. 

2nd.  Bacteriological  laboratories  under  department  bacteriol- 
ogist and  assistants. 

a.  Routine  work,  under  chief  assistant. 

Diphtheria,  under  assistant. 

Tuberculosis,  under  assistant. 

Typhoid  fever,  under  assistant. 


80 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


b.  Research  work,  under  chief  assistant  director,  etc.,  etc. 

3rd.  Pathological  department,  under  department  pathologist  (this 
only  in  Baltimore). 

4th.  Department  of  infectious  diseases,  under  director  and  book- 
keeper. 

a.  Isolation — Quarantine. 

b.  Disinfection. 

c.  Investigation. 

ROUTINE  WORK  OF  DEPARTMENTS. 

In  the  main  the  extension  of  the  work  done  in  our  laboratories  is 
about  that  of  the  cities  visited,  with  the  exception  of  such  additions 
as  difference  of  location  necessitates — for  example,  Boston  studies  the 
mosquito  transmitting  malaria  and  brown  tailed  moth  insects  not 
found  in  our  fauna,  New  York  the  plague,  etc.  In  some  instances, 
however,  the  intention  of  the  work  is  greater  than  with  us — for  ex- 
ample, Boston  adds  a microscopical  examination  to  the  chemical  and 
bacteriological  analysis  of  water,  differentiation  of  types  in  diphtheria, 
etc. 

A table  of  routine  work  follows: 

Chemical  Analysis. 

Water  — Sanitary  for  physical  properties,  chlorid,  phosphates, 
nitrates,  nitrites,  ammonias,  etc. 

Microscopical — Number  and  kinds  of  microscopic  animals  and 
plants. 

Milk — For  fats,  solids,  added  water  and  skimming,  adulterations. 

Foods — Spices,  coffees,  honey,  vinegar,  baking  powder,  etc.,  or  for 
adulterations. 

Drugs  — Adulterations  and  to  determine  if  of  pharmacopeal 
standard. 

Bacteriologist. 

Diphtheria — Diagnosis  and  release  of  quarantine. 

Tuberculosis — Pulmonary,  renal,  vesical  or  tubercular  abscess. 

Typhodial  Diseases — Typhoid,  paratyphoid  paracolon  infection, 
specific  reaction. 

Malarial — Blood  examination  for  plasmodia  and  differentiations  of 
type. 

Hydrophobia — Experiments  on  animals. 

Glanders — Especially  in  New  York  and  Boston. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


81 


Dysentery  — Cholera  infantum,  differentiation  of  Shiga  Bacilli 
infection. 

Sputum  examinations  for  other  diseases,  bronchitis,  influenza, 
asthma,  etc. 

Throat  swabs  and  cultures  for  tonsilitis,  aphthas  stomatits,  mycosis, 
etc. 

Any  infectious  disease  or  suppurative  process  is  investigated  in 
Boston  or  Baltimore  upon  request. 

The  outfits  provided  by  the  departments  for  the  collection  and 
transmission  of  specimens  to  the  laboratories  for  examination,  are  in 
the  main  analagous  to  those  which  we  employ.  Our  outfit  for  making 
cultures  from  cases  of  throat  diseases,  diphtheria,  tonsilitis,  etc.,  and 
our  sputum  outfits,  I consider  more  convenient  than  any  I saw  in  the 
east.  The  Boston  outfit  for  the  collection  and  transmission  of  blood 
from  suspected  typhoid  cases  seems  to  me  superior  to  ours  and  worthy 
of  trial.  Accompanying  this  report  are  sample  outfits  of  these  cities, 
which  are  readily  understood  when  seen,  but  difficult  of  description. 

Your  attention  is  called  to  the  accompanying*  reports  of  the  Boston 
bacteriological  laboratories.  They  detail  methods  employed  in  routine 
investigations  of  specimens  submitted  to  them.  You  will  observe  that 
in  all  essential  points  we  are  employing  the  same  methods.  The 
detailed  account  of  the  methods  employed  and  “the  circular  of  inform- 
ation to  physicians”  accompanying  this,  are  sent  to  practitioners  at 
regular  intervals.  This  recalls  to  their  notice  the  facilities  offered  and 
the  circular  enables  them  to  more  intelligently  interpret  the  report  of 
bacteriological  findings. 

Records  of  Work. 

It  is  particularly  in  this  department  that  our  laboratories  have  much 
to  learn  and  much  room  for  improvement.  Our  city  certainly  has  the 
poorest  system  I have  had  the  privilege  of  seeing.  Of  the  cities  visited 
Boston  has,  in  my  opinio'n,  the  most  complete,  convenient  and  prac- 
tical methods  of  keeping  laboratory  records.  A complete  history  of 
most  of  the  cases  submitting  specimens  for  bacteriological  examina- 
tion is  required,  recorded  and  kept.  The  statistical  and  scientific  value 
of  the  findings  is  thereby  greatly  enhanced.  To  describe  the  Boston 
system  would  require  more  time  and  space  than  I can  give  it.  I there- 
fore accompany  this  report  with  a complete  set  of  mailing  and  record- 
ing cards,  which  they  employ.  I trust  it  may  receive  your  careful  and 
favorable  consideration. 


82 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Facilities  for  Work. 

What  usually  appealed  to  us  most  when  entering  a new  laboratory 
was  the  spacious  quarters  provided  in  most  of  these  eastern  cities  for 
this  purpose,  and  the  excellent  equipment  they  contained.  For  ex- 
ample, Burlington  (a  city  of  but  20,000  inhabitants)  has  provided  five 
large,  well  lighted,  especially  furnished  and  thoroughly  equipped 
rooms  for  housing  her  laboratories.  Boston  gives  Dr.  Hill  five  rooms 
and  complete  equipment  for  them  for  bacteriological  work  alone. 
New  York  city  has,  beside  the  routine  laboratory  occupying  the  upper 
floor  of  the  health  department  building,  a $30,000  building  devoted 
entirely  to  research  work.  In  all  of  these  the  equipment  is  most  com- 
plete and  modern.  One  facility  always  afforded  is  a well  supplied 
animal  room  recognized  to  be  absolutely  indispensible  to  complete  and 
thorough  work  both  in  bacteriology  and  chemistry. 

Research  Work. 

Every  health  department  which  it  was  my  good  fortune  to  visit 
was,  without  exception,  pursuing  some  line  of  reseach  work.  The  par- 
ticular lines  followed  were  determined  by  the  problems  presented  in 
the  various  localities.  Boston  has  been  at  work  on  the  mosquito  con- 
veying malaria,  and  the  brown  tailed  moth,  which  is  the  cause  of  a 
certain  form  of  dermitites.  As  a result  of  their  work  both  these  dis- 
eases are  most  markedly  diminished,  and  they  entertain  the  hope, 
founded  on  most  tenable  premises,  that  they  may  ultimately  eradicate 
them.  At  present  they  are  investigating  the  causative  factor  of  clys- 
entry  and  infant  choloreas.  They  will  probably  discover  the  serum 
which  will  save  thousands  of  lives  annually,  or  prove  the  efficiency  of 
another’s  serum. 

New  York  is  at  work  on  cholera  and  plague,  Baltimore  on  small- 
pox, Washington  on  yellow  fever,  etc.,  etc.  Everywhere  this  work, 
while  giving  precedence  to  routine  diagnostic  work,  is  pushed  with 
enthusiasm  and  vigor  and  must  be  productive  of  results  which  will 
redound  to  the  happiness  and  well  being  of  not  only  their  respective 
municipalities,  but  of  all  mankind. 

Working  Forces. 

It  is  in  this  particularly  that  we  are  behind  all  eastern  cities,  notor- 
iously so  in  the  larger  ones,  of  course  here  with  excuse,  but  also  in  the 
smaller  ones.  The  laboratory  forces  of  the  health  departments  visited 
number  from  four  to  thirty  or  forty  in  New  York  and  Washington. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


83 


Most  cities  have  a chemist,  bacteriologist  and  at  least  one  or  two 
assistants  besides  the  inspectors  who  bring  in  samples.  You  must 
recognize  at  once  that  with  our  limited  working  force  we  can  not  hope 
to  either  improve  or  advance.  Extension  of  work  is  impossible  and 
intention  must  suffer  as  the  quantity  of  material  increases. 

Conclusions  and  Suggestions. 

That  Milwaukee  has  at  present  any  need  of  such  a thoroughly 
organized  and  comprehensive  system  as  is  found  in  the  greatest  of  the 
eastern  cities  could  hardly  be  advocated  by  any  one,  though  a most 
enthusiastic  advocate  of  progress  and  advancement  in  this  line.  That, 
however,  some  changes  are  necessary,  and  that  better  organization  of 
the  laboratories  and  more  thorough  and  far-reaching  systematization 
is  necessary,  and  that  at  once,  must  be  apparent  to  any  and  all  at  all 
familiar  with  the  work  that  is  being  done  in  other  cities.  Our  labor- 
atories certainly  need  reorganization,  and  in  some  lines  of  work,  exten- 
sion. The  demands  upon  the  laboratory  have  been  growing  from  year 
to  year,  and  have  now  reached  such  proportions  that  one  man  can  no 
longer  attend  to  even  the  routine  work  submitted,  except  at  a sacrifice 
of  the  intension  and  thoroughness  of  the  work. 

Moreover,  I am  firmly  convinced  that  a systematic  and  per- 
sistent effort  should  be  made  to  bring  the  work  of  this  department  to 
the  notice  of  physicians  of  our  city.  At  the  present  time  but  few  of 
them  are  availing  themselves  of  the  opportunities  afforded  them,  and 
hence  are  not  co-operating  in  full  measure  with  the  Health  Depart- 
ment in  securing  the  best  sanitary  conditions  in  the  city  or  assisting 
in  keeping  the  closest  and  most  perfect  knowledge  of  infectious  dis- 
eases which  occur  within  its  limits,  which  knowledge  and  the  careful 
surveillance  which  would  follow  would  certainly  tend  to  diminish  the 
number  of  cases  occurring.  Milwaukee  is  a notoriously  healthful  city. 
It  should  be  with  pleasure  and  pride  that  we  undertake  any  work  and 
institute  any  measures  that  shall  bring1  greater  renown  to  her,  or  secure 
for  her  an  even  greater  and  more  enviable  reputation  for  healthfulness. 

I would  suggest  that  a card  catalogue  system  of  records  of  the 
work  of  the  laboratories  be  instituted  and  herewith  submit  samples 
of  cards  to  be  used  in  the  work.  The  expense  connected  with  this 
movement  would  be  but  nominal,  and  the  value  of  the  record  in  years 
to  come  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  cost. 

The  departments  of  bacteriology  and  chemistry,  while  under  one 


84 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE. 


head,  should  be  distinct  though  co-operative  as  to  their  work.  At 
present  we  have  employed  as  an  inspector  an  able  chemist.  He  should 
be  recognized  and  enjoy  the  title  of  chemist  which  he  deserves,  since 
he  is  doing  the  work.  While  no  other  health  department  in  a city  of 
equal  size  attempts  to  maintain  these  laboratories  at  so  meagre  an 
appropriation  as  is  allowed  us  (most  of  them  having  from  $10,000  to 
$30,000  annually,  while  we  have  considerably  less  than  half  the  mini- 
mum figure),  yet  I would  not  ask  for  an  immediate  allowance  of  any 
considerable  amount  of  money.  But  it  does  seem  to  me  that  we  ought 
to  have,  and  at  once,  a small  sum  with  which  to  reorganize  the  work 
and  establish  a more  systematic  and  comprehensive  system  of  records 
of  cases.  I believe,  too,  that  the  inspector  now  acting  in  the  capacity 
of  chemist  should  be  made  the  city  chemist.  He  is  a man  of  technical 
training,  being  a graduate  of  our  state  university,  has  had  experience 
and  is  in  every  way  competent  to  assume  the  responsibilities  of  the 
office. 

There  are  some  deficiencies  of  equipment  which  should  be  remedied 
at  once  and  could  be  at  but  little  expense. 

In  all  the  laboratories  visited  the  chemist  or  bacteriologist  was  pro- 
vided with  van  assistant.  Such  assistant  need  not  be  a trained  work- 
man. In  most  cities  they  employ  boys  from  fifteen  to  twenty  years  of 
age  for  the  work.  They  are  soon  taught  to  do  much  of  the  general 
work  which  would  otherwise  require  the  more  valuable  time  of  the 
trained  man,  and  thus  prevents  them  from  giving  their  best  energies 
to  the  scientific  work  of  the  department. 

The  reorganization  contemplated  and  the  systematization  of  work 
I would  suggest  is  outlined  in  the  Annual  Report  for  1902  of  the  bac- 
teriologist of  the  Boston  Health  Department,  which  is  submitted  with 
the  report  for  perusal  and  consideration.  When  we  have  taken  these 
initial  steps  and  received  more  general  co-operation  of  the  citizens  in 
general  and  the  physicians  in  particular,  we  shall  have  accomplished 
much.  These  measures  involve  almost  no  additional  expense.  It 
seems  wise  to  let  the  demand  for  laboratory  service  control  the  appro- 
priation of  funds.  At  the  present  time  we  are,  however,  somewhat 
behind  the  eastern  cities  in  this  work,  as  must  be  acknowledged  at  once 
by  anyone  who  has  investigated  the  matter.  I trust  that  this  may  not 
long  continue,  but  that  the  laboratory  work,  like  the  other  work  of 
the  department,  may  soon  take  a position  in  the  forefront. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


85 


A city  of  Milwaukee’s  general  rating,  in  comparison  with  the  other 
cities  of  our  country,  can  not  afford  to  have  the  finger  of  criticism 
pointed  at  its  efforts  to  improve  the  health  and  happiness  of  its  citi- 
zens, and  I firmly  believe  that  we  shall  soon  take  precedence  in  this 
matter,  as  we  have  in  so  many  others. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Analyst. 


V 


BUREAU  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS. 


REPORT  OF  BUREAU  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS. 


F.  M.  Schulz , M.  D\,  Commissioner  of  Health  : 

Sir — I have  herewith  the  honor  of  submitting  the  twenty-seventh 


annual  report 

of  the  vital 

statistics  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee, 

for  the 

year  ending  December  31st,  1903. 

DEATHS.  . 

During  the  past  year 

there  were  4,091 

deaths  reported, 

with  an 

annual  death 

rate  of  12.99,  which  represents  the  same  death 

. rate  as 

1901,  and  slightly  higher 

than  that  of  1902, 

when  the  rate  was  12.65. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  by  years  since 
1869,  together  with  the  officially  estimated  population  and  death  rate: 

Total 

Rate 

Year. 

Population. 

Deaths. 

per  1,000. 

1870 

71,440 

1,495 

20.93 

1871 

75,000 

1,452 

19.36 

1872 

79,500 

2,022 

25.43 

1873 

83,000 

1,878 

22.62 

1874 

87,000 

1,939 

22.29 

1875 

91,500 

1,506 

2,128 

16.46 

1876 

95,000 

22.40 

1877 

100.000 

2,198 

1,584 

21.98 

1878 

105,000 

15.09 

1879 

110,000 

1,978 

2,390 

17.98 

1880.  .' 

115,587 

20.68 

1881 

122,000 

2,697 

22.10 

1882 

130,000 

2,729 

20.99 

1883 

138,000 

2,532 

18,35 

1884 

147,000 

2,768 

18.83 

1885 

156,000 

2,796 

17.92 

1886 

165,000 

2,021 

18.31 

1887 

175,000 

3,257 

18.61 

1888 

185,000 

2,426 

18:52 

1889 

195,000 

3,188 

16.35 

1890 

204,468 

3,747 

18.33 

1891 

214,000 

4,689 

21.91 

1892 

223,000 

4,516 

20.25 

1893 

232,000 

4,462 

19.23 

1894 

241,000 

4,253 

17.64 

1895 

250,000 

3,885 

15.54 

1896 

260,000 

3,904 

15.00 

1897 

275,000 

3,606 

13.11 

89 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


90 ' 


Total  Rate 

Year  Population.  Deaths.  per  1,000 

1898  280,000  3,338  11.92 

1899  285,000  3,843  13.48 

1900  290,000  4,026  13.88 

1901  295,000  3,833  12.99 

1902  300,000  3,797  12.65 

1903  315,000  4,091  12.99 


It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  table  that  although  the  death 
rate  during  the  past  year  was  slightly  in  excess  of  the  year  1901,  still 
the  death  rate  shows  a steady  decrease  in  the  rate  during  the  last 
decade. 

This  demonstrates  beyond  a shadow  of  doubt  the  great  need  of 
public  sanitation,  for  although  the  city  has  been  increasing  very 
rapidly  in  population,  and  of  necessity  becoming  more  and  more 
crowded,  and  with  this  less  liable  to  be  healthful,  still,  in  the  face  of 
this  the  death  rate  is  continually  decreasing. 

Under  the  present  system  the  contagious  diseases  remain  under 
nearly  absolute  control. 

There  were  1,403  deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of  age,  with 
a per  cent,  of  34.3  to  total  deaths,  which  is  the  lowest  per  cent,  on 
record  in  the  department,  although  the  actual  number  of  deaths  was 
slightly  higher.  This  is  a very  gratifying  condition,  because  a lowering 
of  the  per  cent,  of  deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of  age  will 
materially  lengthen  the  average  term  of  life  of  the  race. 

A reference  to  the  following  table  will  show  at  a glance  the  exact 
number  of  deaths,  together  with  the  number  of  deaths  of  children 
under  one  year,  under  five  years,  and  the  per  cent,  under  five  to  total 


deaths  since  1892: 


Years. 

Total 

Deaths. 

Under 
One  Year. 

Per  Cent. 
Under  Five 
One  to  Total  Under  to  Total 
Five  Years;  Five  Years.  Deaths. 

1892 

4,516 

1,479 

744 

2,223 

49.2 

1893 

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

4,253 

1,441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

3,885 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

3,904 

1,297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897 

3,606 

1,077 

425 

1,502 

41.6 

1898 

3,338 

1,010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

3,843 

1,113 

428 

1.541 

40.1 

1900 

4,026 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

3,933 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

3,796 

963 

390' 

1,353 

35.6 

1903 

4,091 

1,103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

47,553 

14,723 

5,730 

20,453 

39.1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


91 


The  three  ‘"captains  of  death,”  taking  away  the  greatest  number 
of  adults  are  pneumonia,  tuberculosis  and  organic  heart  disease.  These 
alone  can  explain  the  slightly  increased  death  rate.  Whether  increase 
in  the  number  of  deaths  from  organic  heart  disease  is  real  or  whether 
it  is  only  apparent,  due  to  better  diagnosis,  is  undeterminable  at 
present. 

BIRTHS. 

There  were  7,543  births,  with  a rate  of  23.94,  against  7,406  for  1902 
with  a rate  of  24.69,  and  7,415  in  1901  with  a rate  of  25.14.  Of  these 
3,837  were  males  and  3,709  females.  It  is  queer  to  note  that  only  three 
colored  babies  were  reported  during  the  year. 

The  greatest  number  of  births  was  reported  from  the  Fourteenth 
ward,  viz:  1,005,  and  the  smallest  number  from  the  Seventh,  41.  This 
is,  however,  the  usual  result. 


MARRIAGES. 

There  were  2,789  marriages  reported  against  2,616  for  1902. 

LEGISLATION. 

Y 

Some  very  important  legislation  has  been  enacted  the  past  year. 
The  following  is  a copy  of  Chapter  161,  laws  of  1903: 

Office  of 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 

[COPY.] 

No.  284,  S.]  [Published  May  5,  1903. 

CHAPTER  161. 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  homes  for  infant  children,  lying-in  hospitals  and 
maternity  homes,  and  to  provide  for  the  supervision  of  same  by  public 
health  officers. 

The  people  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  represented  in  senate  and  assembly,  do 
enact  as  follows: 

Section  1.  Any  person,  or  persons,  or  corporation,  who  own,  keep,  con- 
duct or  manage  any  institution  or  home  for  the  boarding  or  sheltering  of 
infant  children,  or  who  conduct  or  manage  a so-called  maternity  home  or 
lying-in  hospital,  or  so-called  “baby  farm,”  shall,  before  faking  into  such 
institution  any  inmate  or  inmates,  report  in  writing  to  the  local  board  of 
health,  health  officer  or  health  department,  the  name,  or  names,  and  address 
of  such  person,  corporation  or  persons,  respectively,  the  exact  location  of 
such  institution,  home  or  lying-in  hospital.  Owners,  keepers  or  managers  of 
such  lying-in  hospitals  or  matern^''  homes,  home  for  infants,  or  so-called 
“baby  farm,”  shall,  at  reasonable  hours,  admit  to  such  institutions  the  local 


92 


ANNUAL  KEPOKT  OF  THE 


health  officer  or  health  commissioner,  or  his  assistants,  for  the  purpose  of 
inspecting'  such  institution. 

Section  2.  It  shall  he  the  duty  of  any  person  who  is  the  owner  or 
keeper,  or  who  conducts  or  manages,  or  who  is  in  charge  of  any  such 
maternity  home  or  lying-in  hospital,  to  report  to  the  local  hoard  of  health  or 
health  officer,  or  health  department  the  birth  of  any  child,  including  still 
horn  or  prematurely  born  children,  whidh  takes  place  in  such  maternity 
home  or  lying-in  hospital,  within  twenty-four  hours  after  such  birth  and 
before  such  child  is  removed  therefrom. 

Section  3.  Every  owner  or  keeper  of  a home  for  infants  or  so-called 
“baby  farm”  shall  report  to  the  local  board  of  health  or  health  officer  the 
arrival  of  any  child  at  such  institution  within  twenty-four  hours  thereof, 
giving  the  name,  sex,  age  and  color,  and  from  whom  received. 

Section  4.  Whenever  any  child  is  taken  from  any  so-called  maternity 
home,  or  lying-in  hospital,  home  for  infants  or  so-called  “baby  farm,”  the 
owner,  keeper  or  manager  thereof  shall,  within  twenty-four  hours  of  such 
removal  report  in  writing  to  the  local  board  of  health,  or  health  officer  or 
health  department  of  the  disposition  of  such  child  and  its  name  and  age. 

Section  5.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  local  board  of  health,  health  officer 
or  health  department  to  keep  informed  of  the  nature  and  reputation  of  every 
such  institution  in  their  respective  jurisdiction,  and  to  visit  and  inspect  the 
same  from  time  to  time. 

Section  6.  Any  person  found  guilty  of  violating  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  be  punished  by  a fine  of  not  less  than  ten  dollars  nor  more  than 
five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  not  more  than 
one  year. 

Section  7.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its 
passage  and  publication. 

Approved  May  2,  1903. 

This  is  a most  excellent  law.  However,  it  falls  short  in  several 
particulars.  In  the  first  place  we  are  convinced  that  a great  deal  °f 
unlawful  practice  is  going  on  in  our  city,  and  we  feel  that  if  every  per- 
son carrying  on  a lying-in  hospital  be  compelled  to  report  to  the 
health  department  within  twenty-four  hours  any  woman  coming  to 
the  house  to  be  confined,  we  could  stop  a great  deal  of  this  practice. 

Furthermore  they  should  be  compelled  to  report  to  the  health 
department  twenty-four  hours  before  the  removal  of  any  child  in  order 
that  an  investigation  may  be  made  to  see  that  the  poor  innocents  do 
not  get  into  unscrupulous  hands. 

The  definition  of  a lying-in  hospital  is  not  clearly  defined,  and 
should  be  made  to  include  any  person  or  persons  who  take  into  their 
place  or  house  for  a fee  or  services  any  pregnant  woman. 


COMMISSION  Eli  OF  HEALTH. 


93 


Another  very  important  victory  for  the  department  was  the  passage 
of  a law  allowing  the  department  to  retain  the  original  death  certifi- 
cates, sending  copies  to  the  regiser  of  deeds.  This  not  only  gives  us 
the  chance  for  more  thorough,  accurate  and  valuable  statistical  tables, 
but  also  gives  less  chance  for  error,  as  this  is  the  only  office  where 
a physician  has  this  matter  in  charge. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

FRANK  E.  DARLING,  B.  S.  M.  D., 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics. 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


TABLE  A. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  for  the  Year  1903. 


96  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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TABLE  A — Continued. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  for  the  Year  1903. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


97 


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TABLE  B. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  the  Year  1903. 


98 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


< 

fH 

o 

H 

•Sinead 

• * rH  • • • • • <M  • rH  03  j 

•sasuo 

9 

14 

1 

11 

8 

19  | 
9 
8 

16 

21 

17 

9 

25 

DEC. 

•sq^aa 

•sasBO 

rH  i-H 

AON 

•sqj^aa 

: : < 

:::::: 

sasBO 

rH  ^ 

rH 

oq 

rH  oq  CO  00  CO  oq 

OCT. 

•sq^Baa 

•S3ST3Q 

03  rH 

- 

rH 

rH  ^ 

; 

fH 

Oh 

w 

tfi 

•sqjBaa 

•sas'BO 

rH  CO  rH 

rt*  rH  rH  CO 

AUG. 

•sqjBaa 

sasBO 

oq 

rH  rH  rH  rH  j 

>* 

>4 

•SllJ'BaQ 

•sas-BQ 

- 

JUNE 

•sqjBaa 

•sasBO 

- 

oq 

- 

CO 

rH 

MAY 

•sqj'eaa; 

CO 

•sasB^ 

rH  OJ 

03  rH 

CO 

- 

APR. 

sqiBaa 

rH 

'H  : 

•sasBO 

rH 

* 

rH  tH  03  LO 

03  rH 

MAR. 

•sqjBaa 

•sasBO 

tH  rH 

rH  <M 

<N 

FEB. 

•sqjBaa 

•sasBO 

oq 

/ 

rH  rH 

oq 

JAN. 

•sq;Baa 

•sasBO 

- 

N N 

CO  rH 

- 

LO 

WARDS. 

First  1 

Second  

Third  

Fourth  

Fifth  

Sixth  

Seventh  

5 

•g 

H 

Ninth  

Tenth  

Eleventh  

Twelfth  

Thirteenth  

TABLE  B — Continued. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  the  Year  1903. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


99 


►4 

<J 

f- 

O 

H 

^ ^ : : : : : ^ : 

Oi 

•S9S-BO 

18 

28 

29 

10 

12 

12 

24 

9 

10 

10 

2 

CO 

CO 

DEC. 

•sq^Baa 

<N 

sasBO 

QO  tH  ^ 

C<)  SO  CO  l-l  <M 

o 

NOV. 

- 

•sasBO 

j-i  'rt*  zr> 

CO 

CO 

- 

o 

O 

o 

sq}Baa 

•sasBO 

tH  ZD 

i— i n ea 

CO 

CO 

H 

Ph 

w 

to 

•sq^Baa 

~ : : 

- 

•sasBO 

c<i  co  ta 

- 

AUG. 

•sq^Baa 

sasBO 

iH 

rH 

- 

s 

>* 

►4 

p 
•— > 

•sq^Baa; 

•sasBO 

• rH 

rH  rH  <M 

- 

s 

JUNE 

sq^Baa 

•sasBQ 

H N H 

CO 

rH  03 

00 

> 

< 

sq^Baa 

<M 

sasBO 

-N|  CO 

rH  <M 

©3 

C<l 

APR. 

•sq^.Baa 

•sasBO 

<M 

r-l  CO  tH  t— 1 

- 

CO 

C<l 

MAR. 

•sq^Baci 

•sasBO 

^ CO  CO 

- 

LO 

<M 

CQ 

W 

P 

>— > 

•sqjBaa 

1 

•sasBO 

cq 

* 

liO 

•sq;Baa 

tH 

rH 

•sasBO 

LO  CO  !>• 

CO  ^ (M 

i 

WARDS. 

jl  ourteenth  

Fifteenth  

Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  ! 

Twentieth  ! 

Twenty-first  

Twenty-second  

Twenty-third  

Hospital,  etc 

Total  

TABLE  C. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Typhoid  for  the  Year  1J)0T 


100 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


o 

d 

w 

p 

*sesBO 

t-^(MTH|>*Ln^OOOt^LOCO(MO 

tH  rH  tH 

•sqreaa 

- : 

•sasBO 

- 

- : 

- - 

NOV. 

•sq;B9a 

t— l 

rH  • rH 

•S9SBO 

Cq 

rH  rH  cq  cq  cq 

- 

OCT. 

•sq;B9Q 

- 

• tH 

'S9SB3 

- - 

cq  rH 

• cq 

SEPT. 

•sq;B9Q 

: - 

•S9SB0 

- 

- h 

rH  Cq 

AUG. 

•sq;B9a 

•S9SBO 

CO 

- : 

P* 

P 

P 

•sq;B9a 

rH 

•S9SB3 

- 

W 

2 

p 

•sq^Baa 

•S9SB0 

- 

- 

rH 

- - : 

<M 

>< 

< 

s 

•Sq^B9(J 

: ^ 

•S9SBO 

- 

- 

• cq 

D5 

(H 

< 

•sq}B9a 

I « 

tH 

- : 

•S9SB0 

Cq  rH  t-H 

- 'H 

rH 

MAR. 

1 

•sq;B9CT 

: - 

'S9SBO 

Tt<  S'} 

ffl 

W 

•sq^B9a 

1 

- 

rH 

rH  l 

’S9SBO 

- 

- - 

rH  Cq 

cq 

JAN. 

•sqiBacr 

rH 

‘S9SB0 

rH  Cq  CO  tH 

t/i 

P 

Pi 

< 


45 

T3  E 43 

is  3 g 

EH  fc 


5 43 

£ § P 

* 55  $ 

mm  H 


45  45 


© £ 
h ^ 


£ 5 
h Eh 


TABLE  C— Continued. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Typhoid  for  the  Year  1903. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


101 


a 

< 

H 

O 

y 

•sm'Bsa 

LO  ^ 05  t— 1 CD  tH  LD  CO  05 

LO 

•ses'BO 

IT 

6 

8 

6 

19 

27 

8 

6 

7 

8 
4 

1 1 
861 1 

d 

W 

Q 

•sqreaa 

tH 

tH  • tH 

* 

•S9SBO 

05 

CO 

CD 

N N M H 

S3 

NOV. 

•sq^Baa 

: - 

•sasBO 

i>-  tH  05 

- 

05 

00 

05 

OCT. 

•sq^Baa 

05 

^ ^ 

CD 

•sasBQ 

(M 

CO 

tH  rH  05 

CD 

y 

Ch 

w 

tn 

•sq^Baa 

05 

rH 

- 

" : 

CD 

•sasBQ 

tH 

- 

- * 

05 

AUO. 

•sq^Baa 

tH 

- 

•sasBO 

- 

tH  t>- 

- 

LO 

rH 

a 

P 
*— > 

•sq^BaQ 

- 

05 

•sasBQ 

- 

05 

JUNE 

•sqjBaa 

05 

05 

•sasBO  1 

- 

t— 

no 

0 

01 

MAY 

•sq^Baa 

05 

_____ 

•sasBQ 

05 

05 

00 

APR. 

•sq^Baa  | 

rH  05 

!>• 

•sasBO 

tH  CO  tH 

T— 1 (M  tH 

05 

MAR. 

•sq^Baa 

• - 

co 

•sasBO 

* 

rH  LO 

tH  tH 

LO 

FEB. 

•sq^Baa 

05 

— 

CD 

•sasBO 

^ iH 

CO 

CO 

JAN. 

sq^Baci 

- 

- 

CO 

- 

- 

•sasBO 

- 

CO  ^ ^ ^ 

- - 

r— 

05 

WARDS. 

Pnurt.epn.th  1 

Fifteenth  

Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

i £ 

! c 

i a 

; a 

■ ■§ 
l £ 

I £ 

! t 

> a 

> £ 

! t: 

d e 

i i 

Twentieth  

■j 

, S- 

: <i= 

: > 

: c 

i a 

: * 

| E- 

»c 

c 

> c 

! C 

! <I 
! a 

? ^ 
: e 

> a 
: £ 
< E- 

i 

; i 

! X 

? ^ 

: t 

> a 

• (S 

( E- 

! C 

i a 

? £ 

i a 

: c 

< Jr 

I 

i 

! 

U 

l 

) 

Total  

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Measles  for  the  Year  1903. 


102 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TOT  AD 

•sq}Baa 

•S3SB0 

CO  rH  <m  oo 

H N N 

CO  U3 

rH 

O 

w 

p 

•sqjBaa 

— 

•sasBQ 

tH 

- 

- 

<M 

> 

o 

fa 

•sq^Baa 

•sasBQ 

- 

- 

rH 

* 

OCT. 

•sq^Baa 

•sasBO 

rH 

fit 

w 

tfl 

•sq^Baa 

•sasBO 

AUG. 

•sq^Bacr 

•sasBO 

rH 

> 

P 

<— i 

•sq^Biacr 

‘sasBO 

fa 

Z 

sq^Baa 

•sesBQ 

<N 

tH  tH 

MAY 

•sq;Baa 

•sasBO 

tH 

- 

APR. 

sxo^a 

•sasBO 

- 

- 

MAR. 

■sqjBaa; 

•sasBQ  I 

- 

rH 

C3 

W 

fa 

•sq^Bacr 

- 

sasBO 

- 

- 

z 

< 

sq^Bacx 

sasBQ 

- 

- 

WARDS. 

<3 

M o Sh 

h S-  2 

fa  co  H 


fa! 

fa 

fa 

A 

A 

A 

£ 

0) 

<1-1 

fa 

<D 

A 

-*-> 

> 

d> 

X 

> 

d) 

be 

g 

C 

0) 

0> 

£ 

m 

W. 

fa 

Z 

fa 

Eh 

fa 


TABLE  D — Continued. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Measles  for  the  Year  1903. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


103 


4 

< 

H 

O 

H 

•sq^isaa 

^ ::::::::::  : 

1 " 

•S8S-B0 

CO  Tf  t-  CO  CNJ  <M  rH 

1 

2 

63 

d 

W 

Q 

•stu-eea 

1 : 

•S9SB0 

^ Oi 

NOV. 

•sq^Baa; 

1 ■: 

•S9SB3 

1 ” 

fH 

u 

o 

•sq^Baa 

1 i 

•S9SBQ 

- 

<N 

H 

4 

w 

t/2 

•sq^Baa 

1 i 

•sasBO 

rH 

1 - 

onv 

•sq^Baa 

] : 

•sasBO 

- 

r3 

1 " 

>< 

4 

4 

1 ^ 

•sq;Baa; 

1 1 

•sasBQ 

- 

I-* 

W 

Z 

•sq^Bacj 

•sasBO 

rH  rH. 

CO 

MAY 

•sq^Baa 

•sasBO 

T— 1 

- 

Tf 

APR. 

•sq^Baa 

•sasBO 

rH 

LO 

MAR.  1 

) 

•sq;Baa 

•sas-BO 

CO  rH 

CO 

FEB. 

•sq^Bacr 

•sasB^ 

CO 

JAN. 

•sq^Baa 

i 

rH 

•sasBO 

- 

CO 

WARES. 

Fourteenth  1 

Fifteenth  1 

Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  

Twentieth  

Twenty-first  

Twenty-second  

Twenty-third  

Hospital,  etc 1 

Total  

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Smajlpox  for  the  Year  1903. 


104 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


| TOTAL, 

•sio-Baa 

•sosbq 

^ no 

O t—  C—  C3 

CO  CD  OO  ^ 

CS|  rH 

DEC. 

•sitL-eea 

•S0SBO 

rH  Lrt 

o 

NOV. 

•sq;B9a 

’SOSBQ 

rH  rH 

OCT. 

*sh}B0q 

•S9SB3 

00 

H 

0! 

W 

C/2 

•sq;B0a 

•S0SBO 

- 

<M 

AUG. 

•sinB0a 

■S0SBO 

> 

>< 

4 

•sq;B0(i 

•S0SBO 

<M 

CO  ICO 

- 

JUNE 

•sq;B0Q 

•S0SBO 

- 

rH  CO 

MAY 

•sqLB0Q 

•S0SBO 

- 

rH 

U0 

APR. 

•sqLB0a 

'S0SBO 

- 

CO 

<M 

MAR. 

■sq^a 

•S9SBO 

rH  rH 

rH 

rH 

03 

W 

fa 

•sq^B©a 

•S0SBO 

T— 1 

CO  LO 

rH 

rH 

JAN. 

•si{LB0a 

•S0SBQ 

- 

- - 

- 

WARDS. 

First  ! 

Second  

Third  

Fourth  

Fifth  

Sixth  

Seventh  

4 

bi 

H 

Ninth  

Tenth  

Eleventh  1 

Twelfth  

Thirteenth  

TABLE  E — Continued. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Smallpox  for  the  Year  1903. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


105 


4 

< 

y 

o 

y 

•sqjBoa 

H •••••••••• 

rH 

t> 

c o 
(M 

'sasBO 

70 

2 

2 

1 

17 

9 

12 

3 

3 

17 

3 

3 

DEC. 

•sqj-Boa 

— 

•S9ST3Q 

CM  rH 

CD 

CM 

NOV. 

■gqj'BOd 

•ses'Bo 

CO 

OCT. 

•sqj'Bacr 

•sas-Bo 

00  rH 

H 

00 

rH 

SEPT. 

•sqj-BaQ 

■S9S-B3 

O 

4 

< 

■sqj'Baa 

1 

•SaS'BQ 

cm 

I* 

4 

P 

•sqjBoa 

'S8S'B3 

LO 

CO 

- 

- 

CM 

JUNE 

•sq^-eiaQ 

•S9SBO 

co  1-1 

rH  rH 

o 

LQ 

MAY 

•siqj-eacr 

•S0SBO 

co  7-1  7-1 

rH 

* * 

ch 

CO 

APR. 

•siqj-Boa 

•S0SBO 

CD 

MAR. 

•sqjB9a 

•S9SBO 

- 

3 

CO 

W 

4 

•sqjBoa 

•S9SBO 

- 

- ^ - 

rH  rB 

o 

CM 

JAN. 

■SqjB0Q 

rH 

-j 

! ^ 

'S9S130 

CM 

rH  tH 

CD  tH 

3 

CM 

CO 

WARDS. 

Fourteenth  

Fifteenth  

Sixteenth  ' 

Seventeenth  1 

Eie-hteenth  I 

Nineteenth  1 

Twentieth  1 

03 

5-i 

03 

>, 

c 

03 

* 

y 

T3 

a 

o 

o 

a; 

m 

■ h 

C 

03 

l 

Twenty-third  1 

Hospital,  etc 

Total  

106 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  F. 


Showing  by  Wards  the  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Diphtheria,  Scarlet 
Fever,  Typhoid  Fever,  Measles  and  Small  Pox  for  1903. 


WARDS. 

Diph- 

theria. 

Scarlet 

Fever. 

Typhoid 

Fever. 

Measles. 

Small 

Pox. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

First  

1 6 

i 

9 

7 

5 

1 3 

4 

8 

1 

14 

4 

1 

1 

5 

Third  

- 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Fourth  

22 

2 

H 

1 

1 

8 

6 

Fifth  

12 

1 

8 

7 

2 

17 

Sixth  

1 15 

1 

19 

5 

1 

1 

7 

Seventh  

1 5 

2 

9 

6 ' 

2 

2 

2 

1 

Eighth  

1 14 
| 

3 

8 

3 

1 

2 

Ninth  

1 18 

1 

16 

17 

2 

4 

1 

j 29 

7 

21 

2 

15 

5 

3 

3 

Tenth  j 

Eleventh  

| 29 

9 

17 

3 

5 

6 

1 

Twelfth  I 

10 

5 

9 

1 

2 

28 

1 

12 

4 

25 

2 

10 

1 

1 

14 

Thirteenth  | 

Fourteenth  | 

i 

17 

5 

18 

1 

17 

5 

3 

1 

70 

1 

Fifteenth  I 

20 

28 

1 

6 

4 

4 

2 

i 

24 

1 

29 

8 

2 

17 

2 

Sixteenth  | 

Seventeenth  | 

11 

3 

10 

6 

3 

17 

1 

Eighteenth  | 

9 

12 

19 

1 

2 

9 

1 

Nineteenth  | 

19 

4 

12 

27 

6 

2 

12 

1 

Twentieth  1 

23 

5 

24 

8 

4 

1 

3 

1 

Twenty-first  

17 

9 

1 

6 

; 1 

3 

Twenty-second  .... 

10 

3 

10 

1 

j 

7 

5 

17 

Twenty-third 

M | 

1 

2 l 

| 10 

| 

8 

3 

1 

3 

Hospital,  etc 1 

3 | 

3 

i 2 

1 

4 

1 

2 1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

I 63 

1 331  | 

9 II  198 

54  | 

1 

1 1 

II  1 

II 

Total 


Showing  Deaths  From  Typhoid  Fever  for  23  Years,  1881-1093,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


107 


2061 
3061 
106 1 
0061 
668  r 
8681 
1681 
9681 
9681 
1681 
8681 
3681 
1681 
068  r 
6881 
8881 
1881 
9881 
j S8SI 
1881 
8881 
■ 3881 
1881 


<N* 


O 

o 


o 

lO 


o 


o 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No,  2. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Diphtheria  and  Croup  for  23  Years,  1881-1903,  Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


109 


CHART  No.  3. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Scarlet  Fever  for  23  Years,  1881-1903, 

Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Heaths. 


Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  4. 

Showing  Deaths  Thom  Measles  for  23  Years,  1881-1  903,  Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population 


CHART  No.  5. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Whooping  Cough  for  23  Years,  1881-1903,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


Ill 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


112 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  No.  6. 


Showing  Death  From  Bronchitis  for  23  Years,  1881-1903, 

Inclusive. 


900 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

000 


A 

j 

\ 

\ 

X 

A 

1 

> 

/ 

\ 

1 

A 

t 

\ 

-V" 

•A 

■V 

/ 

/ 

v 

J 

V 

J 

r : 

\ r 

V 

A 

/ 

zr 

\ 

V 

V 

09 

08 

07 

06 

05 

04 

03 

02 

0L 

00 


Black — Per  Cent  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population 


CHART  No.  7. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Pneumonia  for  23  Years,  1881-1903,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


113 


OO  05 
00  00 
00  00 


00  00  00  00  CO  C/5  CO  CO 


ICO  r-  ® o o h ji 
05  05  C5  05  05  O O © 


00  OO  05  05  05  Oi 


0.17 
0.16 
0.15 
0.14 
0.13 
0.12 
0.11 
0.10 
0.09 
0.08 
0.07 
0.06  1 
0.05  I 
0.04  ^ 
0. 03 


Per  Cent,  of  Total  Heaths.  Dotted  Line— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  8. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Consumption  for  23  Years,  1881-1903,  Inclusive. 


114 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


17.00 
10  00 

15.00 

14.00 

13.00 

12.00 
11.00 
10.00 

9.00 

8.00 


\ 

A. 

I 

\ 

✓ 

\ 

/ 

A 

— 

\ 

\ 

\ 

V 1 

r- 

f ■ 

/ 

\ 

V 

\ 1 
V' 

'V 

A 

Y 

f \ 

V 

/ 

A 

\ 

A, 

/ 

! 

— I 

A 

/ 

V 

7 

i 

.17 

.16 

.15  - . 

• w 


.12  5 
c 

.n  ^ 
.10  ° 
.09  S 


.06  | 
.05 


7.01 

6.00 

5.00 


The  year  1880  shows  deaths  of  last  nine  months  only. 


CHART  No.  9. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Diarrhoea  for  23  Years,  1881-1903,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


115 


— < CM  CO  LO  CD  l'*00  05  O — oi  CO  h-  OC  05 

oo  90  22  cc  <x.  o oaoi  ooio  b Si 

OC  CO  CO  06  CO  co  «5co  00  CO  00  00  CO  COQOOO  oo  oo  oo 


OC  05  o — « Cl  JZJ 
— 0>  05  o o eg 
oo  oooo  cr.  05  05  2 


26. 

25. 

24. 

23. 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18. 

17 

16 

15. 

14 

13 

12 

11 

10 

09. 

08 

07. 

06. 

i : 

0 26 
0 25 
0 24 
0 23 
0 22 
0 21 
0 20 

c /: 

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year  1880  shows  deaths  of  last-  nine  months  only. 


116 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  No.  10. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Apoplexy  for  23  Years,  1881-1903, 

Inclusive. 


!M  CO  » C O 00  <250  H ^ W "f  »o 

CO  CO  CO  GO  CO  'X>  CO  CO  O c:  O Ci  ^ 

CO  CO  CO  oo  co  9000  00  CO  CO  CO  00  CO  00 


cd  cc  C5  o ^ ci  n 

00  05  o)  o o o 

CO'OOOOOCS  05  05  g 


0 06 
0 05 
0.04 
0 03 
0.02 
0 01 
0.00 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  11. 

Showing  Deaths  From  Convulsions  for  23  Years,  1881-1903,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


117 


.25 

.24 

,23 

.22 

.21 


.20 

.19 

.18 

.17 

.16 

.15 


.14 

.13 

.12 

.11 

.10 

.09 

.08 

.07 

.06 


c 

O) 

Ui 


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04  t\ 

•°3  1 

02  f c 

01 

.00 


DETAIL 

MONTHLY  STATISTICS 

FOR  1903. 


119 


120 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  1 — Showing  the  Number  of  Deaths,  According  to  Cause, 
Annual  Death  Rate  per  1,000  for  the  Year  was  12.99, 
For  the  Year  1902  there  were  3,796  Deaths,  Repre- 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social  Condition. 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

'O 

<U 

d 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Nativity. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes  

4091  | 

1 a 

1 ^ 

1 

2080 

1326  | 

662 

23 

1874 

557  | 

1660 

General  Diseases  

1020 

496 

524 

452 

421 

140  I 

' tT 

369 

194  | 

457 

Typhoid  Fever  

54 

26 

28 

39 

14 

4 

26 

12  1 

Malaria  

1 

i 

1 

I 

AO 

1 

Small  Pox  

1 

1 

. . .^. 

1 

4 

| 

A 

Measles  

1 

1 

1 

j 

4 

Scarlet  Fever  

9 

4 

5 

9 

I 

8 

1 j 

Whooping  Cough  

43 

19 

24 

43 

39 

4 ! 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

64 

31 

33 

62 

2 

54 

10 

Grippe  

73 

32 

41 

12 

32 

29 

g 

13  i 

' 52 

Dysentery  

7 

4 

3 

5 

1 

4 1 

3 

2 

2 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

6 

3 

3 

4 

2 

3 

3 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec... 

22 

13 

9 

8 

12 

2 

7 

6 

9 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

362 

178 

184 

159 

166 

33 

4 

140 

78 

144 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

81 

41 

40 

52 

24 

5 

34 

16 

31 

Cancer  

212 

91 

121 

19 

138 

54 

i 

18 

33 

161 

Other  General  Diseases 

84 

51 

33 

38 

31 

14 

1 

27 

19 

38 

Local  Diseases  

1 

2803 

1478 

1325 

1522 

786 

483 

12 

1431 

306 

1066 

Meningitis  

90 

42 

48 

76 

11 

2 

1 

71 

10 

9 

Cerebral  Cong,  and  Hem’ rage 

181 

97 

84 

13 

94 

74 

15 

23 

143 

Paralysis  

19 

11 

8 

5 

8 

6 

7 

4 

44 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

132 

79 

53 

132 

130 

4 

4 

Other  Diseases  of  Nerv.  System. 

41 

24 

17 

15 

15 

11 

' 11 

8 

22 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

295 

142 

153 

53 

145 

94 

3 

46 

74 

202 

Other  Diseases  of  Circ.  System... 

50 

27 

23 

8 

22 

19 

1 

5 

11  | 

1 34 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

184 

98 

86 

116 

34 

34 

110 

9 ' 

65 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu 

456 

257 

199 

251 

131 

71 

3 

218 

59 

179 

Other  Diseases  of  Resp.  System.. 

60 

31 

29 

25 

26 

9 

25 

6 

1 29 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

1 

' 

under  2 years 

275 

136 

139 

275 

259 

12 

6 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

37 

23 

14 

20 

10 

6 

1 

18 

4 

15 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstr’ns.. 

30 

14 

16 

10 

13 

6 

1 

9 

3 

1 18 

Peritonitis  

40 

17 

23 

15 

21 

2 

2 

11 

13 

I 16 

Appendicitis  

40 

22 

18 

21 

17 

2 

17 

16 

1 rr 

Other  Diseases  of  Digest.  Sys 

141 

78 

63 

56 

I 

63 

22 

54 

14 : 

I ^ 

Bright’s  Disease  

167 

98 

69 

36 

95 

36 

34 

31 

1 102 

Other  Dis.  Genito-Urinary  Sys... 

37 

16 

21 

8 

22 

7 

9 

12 

! 16 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

21 

21 

4 

17 

1 

4 

10 

7 

Other  Pueroeral  Diseases 

21 

3 

18 

7 

14 

1 8 

3 

10 

Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

27 

13 

14 

1 

1 21 

3 

3 

1 22 

5 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System.... 

44  | 

3 

1 

1 2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Hydrocephalus  

5 

2 

3 

1 

1 5 

1 

1 5 

Other  Malformations 

30 

20 

10 

1 30 

| 30 

Congenital  Debility 

314 

172 

142 

1 

I 314 

i 312 

2 

Senile  Debility  

1 106  | 

53 

53 

1 4 

23 

79 

1 

1 12 

1 94 

Violence  

1 260 

1 1 
219  1 41  1 

1 

103 

117 

36 

4 

I 

1 71 

56  1 

1 133 

Suicide  

| 74 

61 

13  i 

19 

43 

12 

I 16 

16 

! 42 

Accidents  

| 186 

| 158 

1 28  | 

84 

74 

24 

4 

1 55 

40 

! 91 

Other  Causes— 111  Defined 

7 

3 

1 4! 

3 

1 

3 

! 

I 3 

1 

1 3 

Homocides  

| 1 

1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


121 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  the  Year  1903.  The 
on  an  Estimated  Population  of  315,000. 

senting  an  Annual  Death  Rate  of  12.65  per  1,000  Population. 


AGE. 


Under 
1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

o 

o 

LO 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

1 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

0 

0 

LO 

[2 

O 

O 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to  100. 

Over  100. 

1103 

164 

69 

42 

25 

104 

75  |125 

155 

1 1 II  1 

171  jl59  1 141 1 191 1 134 1 190 

183jl92|207 

224 

1 I 1 1 

|191|161|  69 1 13 

1 

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1 2 

27 

17 

16 

11 

43 

26 

61 

95 

72 

72  | 

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53 

71 

45 

55 

64 

68 

43 

45 

44 

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122 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  2 — Showing-  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social  Condition. 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes | 

| 355 

| 191 

| 164 

196 

| 107 

52  | 

1 

1 

176 

47 

132 

General  Diseases | 

| 106 

1 58 

| 48  j 

57 

1 42 

1 

7 1 

1 

| 

1 47  j 

17 

42 

Typhoid  Fever  

1 7 

1 4 

1 3 

4 

1 3 

| 

4 

| l 

2 

Malaria  1 

1 

...  . 

1 



Smallpox  

Measles  

Scarlet  Fever  

Whooping  Cough  

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

Grippe  

Dysentery  

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 


Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

Cancer  

Other  General  Diseases 


.1  32 
•I  5 
. 20 

•I  6 


Local  Diseases  

Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor. , 

Paralysis  

Convulsions  of  Infants  

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System  — 


Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 


,!  236 


Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Bronoho-Pneu. . . 
Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  Sys 


2 I 


121 

3 

11 

1 

5 

1 


Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

under  2 years 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc... 

Peritonitis  

Appendicitis  

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  Sys.. 


Bright’s  Disease  

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 


!l  i 


•115 

6 

13 

1 

3 

2 

10 

3 


135 

8 

2 

1 

8 


Puerperal  Septicaemia  — 
Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 


Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 
Diseases  of  Locomotor  System — 


3 

2 

3 

12 

9 

2 

1 

2 II 
I 

3 I 
I 


Hydrocephalus  

Other  Malformations 


2 

5 

4 I) 


Congenital  Debility 
Senile  Debility  


I 

.1 1 

• I 4 ||  3|  1 

I II  I 

,|  20  II  12  8 


42 


2 I. 

i! 


Violence  . 
Suicide  . . . 
Accidents 


I II 

.1  11  II 

• I 3 || 


10  1 

5 i 


7 | 1 


II 


Other  Causes— Ill-Defined  I 2 || 

I II 


II  1 I 
II  1 
II  1 
II  15 

'I  ”, 

ii  ; 


* 

Ii  1 


127 

7 
2 
1 

8 


d II  i 

i i 

i! II  i| 

I II  I 


4 6 

1 I 1 

3 I 5 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


123 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  January,  1903. 


AGE. 


Under 
1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

CO 

o 

C<J 

o 

CO 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  to  75. 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to' 100. 

0 

0 

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0 

105 

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11 

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5 

12 

7 

8 

1 

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. 1 

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1 

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1 

1 1 

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.... 

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s 

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9.1  91 

ll 

l| 

i i 

...... 

1 

i 

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1 

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1 

1 

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1 

1 

lk.,| 

1 1 

1 

1 

2 

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1 

11 

1 1 

1 1 1 

i 

1 

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l 

1 

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1 

1 

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1 

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2 

1 

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1 

1 

1 

1 

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j 

I 

1 

1 

I 

I | 

1 

1 1 

! 

1 

f 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 1 

I I 

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

3 

20 

i 

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1 1 

1..  j 

1 

1 

1 i 

1 

1 

j 

i 

.... 

1 

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1 

1 

1 | 

1 1 

; 1 1 

1 

l l 

1 

i 

1 

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l 

1 

1 

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1 

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1 I 

31  21 

!'  1 

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1 

...1 

1 

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i 

.... 

f 

gl 

1 1 

2 1 

1 1 

1 1 1 

7 1 1 5 

...1  ii 

il 

I 

1 1 

il 

1 

I 1 
1 

. 1 

1 

1 

.... 

j 

1 !, 

Ci 

1 

9 

| | 

1 1 ! 

| 

1 

i 

2 

i 

9 

::.r  il 

11 

....... . .. 

..  .1 

l 

J 

1 

1 

1 

. 1 

j 

1 

1 

1! 

1 

1 

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.. ! ! 

1 

1 

11 

1 

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1 1 1 1 

1 | 

I I 

1 

1 

1 

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! 

! i 

1 

i i 

1 

1 1 

III!’ 

124  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

TABLE  No.  3 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social  Condition.  ] 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

- 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes  | 409  | 

203 

206 

1 

| 211 

126 

71 

1 

191 

50 

1 

168  | 

General  Diseases  

103 

46 

57 

42 

42 

19 

32 

19 

52  1 

Typhoid  Fever  

6 | 

3 

3 

5 

1 

5 

1 I 

Malaria  

Smallpox  

I 

Measles  

1 

| 

| 

Scarlet  Fever  

1 

Whooping  Cough 

5 

3 

2 

5 

4 

i 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

4 

1 

3 

4 

i 

4 

Grippe  ~ 

12 

6 

6 

1 

5 

6 

:::::[ 

1 

1 

10 

Dysentery  

i 

I 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

| 



j 

i 

| 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec. . 

,1 

1 

1 

1 

j 

i 

1 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

31 

16 

15 

12 

is 

i 4 

10 

4 

17 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis  

11 

5 

6 

7 

3 | 

1 

3 

5 

3 

Cancer  

20 

5 

15 

1 

13 

1 6 

1 

3 

16 

Other  General  Diseases 

13 

6 

7 

6 

5 1 

2 

3 

5 

5 

Local  Diseases  

1 

290  | 

143 

147 

163 

76 

51 

153 

26 

111 

Meningitis  

9 

4 

5 

8 

1 

8 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor.. 

21 

10 

11 

2 

11 

8 

2 

is> 

Paralysis  

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

18 

9 

9 

18 

17 

1 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System.... 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

29 

13 

16 

5 

13 

11 

6 

2 

21 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

5 

4 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

4 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

32 

18 

14 

24 

5 

3 

24 

8 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu 

71 

37 

34 

49 

16 

6 

43 

9 

19 

Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 

H 

6 

5 

2 

8 

1 

2 

1 

8 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

under  2 years 

8 

3 

5 

8 

i 

8 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

1 | 

1 

1 

1 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc... 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Peritonitis 

2 

2 

2 

’2 

Appendicitis  

7 

4 

3 

5 

1 

1 

4 

3 

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 

8 

l 

2 

| 6! 

5 

1 

2 

1 

5 

3 

Bright’s  Disease... 

13 

7 

6 

| 1 

9 

3 



2 

1 

10 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

3 

2 

1 

| 1 

2 

| 

1 

1 

1 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  . . 

2 | 

2 

1 

| 

2 

1 





1 

i 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases,.. 

| 

1 



Dis  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

| 

......  | 

11 

1 

| 

1 



II 

"Diseases,  nf  T ,r>'rrvmntnr  System  .. 

1 

Hydrocephalus 



2 

1 ■ 

1 1 

1 ' 1 

2 

2 

| 

Other  Malformations 

1 2 

II  1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

Congenital  Debility 

1 

1 26 

1 

13 

13  1 

1 26 

! 

24 

1 2 

1 

r 

1 

1 

Senile  Debility  

1 11 

II  4 

1 7 

1 

2 

8 

2 

9 

Violence  

p II 
1 16  |l  14 

I 2 

II  6 

1 

8 1 1 

i 

1 i 

I 

6 

1 

1 5 

5 

Suicide 

1 2 ||  2 

| 

! 1 

1 



I 1 

1 

1 

Accidents  

1 14  ||  12 

2 

1 5 

7 

1 1 

i i 

1 5 

1 5 

4 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


125 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  February,  1903. 


AGE. 

Under 
1 Year. 

l td  2. 

2 to  3. 

O 

CO 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

26  to  30. 

30  to.  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

o 

6 

LO 

| 50  to'  55. 

| 55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

O 

O 

S 

70  to  75. 

75  to  80. 

l6 

oo 

o 

o 

QO 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to  100. 

Over  100. 

113 

16 

8 

6 

1 

12 

4 

7 

20 

9 

»i 

i 8 

1 

21  j 14 

1 15 

19 

18 

23 

33 

17 

19 

i 3 

1 

1 2 

L. 

F 

G 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

4 

2 

A 

5 

1 

9 

1 

4 

11 

6 

2 

7 

9 

4 

7 

7 

1 

1 s 

1 

1 

1 1 

.... 

.... 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

j . . 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

... 

1 

i 

1... 

1 

1 

1... 

i 

i 

.... 

2 

7 

1 

3 

1 

7 

2 

1 

3 
2 

4 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

17 

1 

1 

2 

2 

26 

1 

... 

1 

... 

1 

1 

::: 

1::: 

. 

j 

1 

5 

1 

: m 1 : 

O HH- 

i. . . 

i... 

i.. 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

16 

i... 

1... 

i • • 

107 

3 

1 

1 

15 

13 

2 

8 

2 

5 

8 

1 

3 

2 

9 

2 

11 

4 

1 

8 

1 

1 

7 

12 

10 

8 

3 

i 

i i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

5 

1 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

| 

1 

el 

2 

2 

3 

5 

1 

L1 

2 

li 

1 

1 

1 

“l 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 

3 

5 

1 

1 

2 

2 

i 

i • • • 

14 

30 

5 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 

4 

1 

2 

1 

f" 

1 

1 

4 

3 

2 

3 

i 

l 

5 

1 

2 

1 

2 

8 

1... 

i... 

|... 

1 

1 

... 

*"l 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

... 

... 

1 

.... 

....| 

....| 

2 

i 

1 

2 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

....1 

2 

2 

4 

1 1 

... 

... 

....! 

1 

1 

... 

... 
| . . . 

.. . .1 

1 

1 

... 

1... 

1 

.... 

| 

.... 

| 

1::: 

::: 

1 

....1 

1 

.... 

| 

• --I 

1 

I 

i...1 

|... 

i 

!.. 

| 

1 

j 

i 

..... 

\ 

....j 

... 

1 

... 

1 

1 

... 

... 

1 

...| 

1 

i...1 

...i 

2 

2 

25 

| 

....| 

.... 

1 

. . . . 1 

...| 

... 

1 

... 

1 

... 

i 

...]... 

1 

i.j 

... 

i 

:::: 

....j 

... 

... 

. . . 

. . . 

... 

... 

... 

I..! 

::: 

1 | 

| 



....| 

i 

... 

1 

...| 

1 

• ••! 

1 

1 

1 

... 

i 

...i 

L.-.l 

1 

! 

i 

1 

| 

1 

j 

. . . 

1 

li 

i 

61 

2! 

i 

ii 

i 

1 

1 

2 

1 

! 1 

2 

i 

2 

1 

1 

i 

J 

2 

1 

2 

...1 

i 

1 

...] 

...1 

. . . i 

| 

1 

i 

2 

l 

2 

1 

l| 

2 

H 1| 

...| 

. . .] 

1 

! 

j 

1 

. . . | 

1 

...i 

...u... 

...1 

...! 

1 

...1 

• • *1 

j 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

i 

126 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  4 — Showing  Deaths  According  ta  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Total,— All  Causes  [ 450 


General  Diseases  

Typhoid  Fever  

Malaria  

Smallpox  

Measles  

Scarlet  Fever 

Whooping  Cough  

Diphtheria  and  Croup. 

Grippe  

Dysentery  


143 

2 


Sex. 


Social  Condition.  Nativity. 


Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

Cancer  

Other  General  Diseases 


Local  Diseases  

Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor. 

Paralysis  

Convulsions  of  Infants  

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System 


Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu — 
Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

under  2 years 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc... 

Peritonitis  

Appendicitis  

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 


Bright’s  Disease  

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.| 


288 
10  ]| 
16 
1 

12 

7 

25 

4 

37 

73 


15  || 

II 

2 

2 

4 

1 

11 


Puerperal  Septicaemia  — 
Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 


Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 
Diseases  of  Locomotor  System... 


Hydrocephalus  

Other  Malformations 


1\ 

3 I 

2 I 

. 


Congenital  Debility 
Senile  Debility  


6 I 
29 
11 


Violence  .. 
Suicide  ... 
Accidents 


Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 


a) 

,d 

X 

OJ  i—l 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married 

Widowe 

Divorce 

3 

d 

£ 

1 

O Cl 
. d 

P 

Foreign 

240 

| 210  ||  215 

|j33_ 

| 97 

5 

185 

77 

188 

67 

76  I 

50 

56 

| 34 

3 

36 

32 

1 

1 75 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

| 1 

| 

j 

I...!. 

j 

j ( 

I 

f. . . 

j 

j 

j 

3 

2 

5 

3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

23 

26 

6 

23 

20 

1 

4 

10 

35 

1 

| 

1 

j 

1 

1 

1 

1 

21 

26 

24 

18 

3 

2 t 

- 19 

11 

17 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

8 

14 

2 

10 

9 

1 j 

1 

3 

18 

4 

5 

6 

2 

1 

1 

4 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

156 

132  | 

160 

65 

61 

2 f 

145 

36 

107 

7 

3 1 

8 

2 

7 

2 

1 

9 

7 1 

4 

8 

4 

f 

4 

3 

9 

1 ' 

1 

1 

9 

3 1 

12 

| 

12 

4 

3 

i 

3 

4 

I 

2 

1 

4 

9 

1 

16 

3 

12 

9 

1 1 

2 

7 

16 

1 

3 

1 

3 

4 

20 

17 

20 

5 

12 

1 

19 

t 2 

16 

40 

33 

37 

19 

1 16 

i 

31 

10 

32 

2 

3 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

6 

9 

1 

15 

13 

i 

1 2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

T 



1 

4 

4 

1 3 

1 

1 

"*i 

1 

.... 

6 

5 

8 

1 

2 

7 

1 

4 

6 

4 

3 

5 

2 



3 

1 2 

5 

1 

1 

1 

I 

! i 

I 

j | 

| 

i 

.... 

1 ! 

| 

1 | 

1 

1 

i 

2 1 

j 2 

1 



2 1 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 2 

I 

| 

1 

2 1 

I 

| 

i 

1 

| 

i 

5 

1 

j 6 

| 

6 1 

j 

19  1 
4 1 

10 
7 | 

| 29 


1 

| 

1 

29  | 

1 

1 

i 

2 

9 

1 

i 

10_ 

17 

1 1 

1 2 1 

|' 

! 5 

12 

2 

i i 
i i 

4 

i 

1 9 

6 

9 

1 2 | 

] 1 

9 

1 1 

i i 

3 

5 

3 

8 

1 4 

3 | 1 

l 1 

1 

1 4 

3 

1 1 
1 1 

! 1 

' 1 

1 



| 

1 

i i 

| | 

i 

1 



1 

ir  i i i 

1 

1 1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


1 7 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  March,  1903. 


128 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  5 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social  Condition. 

Nativity. 

d 

"cS 

§ 

d 

*c3 

B 

V 

p 

d 

bo 

m 

'd 

<u 

cj 

3 

'd 

CD 

£ 

O 

'C 

% 

0 

0 

0 

Q 

d 

<u 

X 

ci 

£ 

1 

gs 

O c 
. cd 
GG-g 

P 

d 

bp 

‘3 

0 

P 

Total — All  Causes  

350  | 

194 

1 

156  | 

176 

| 122 

52 

158 

50 

| 142 

General  Diseases  

1 

94 

41 

1 

53 

45 

37 

1 

12 

II 

1 35 

24 

2 

1 

35 

Typhoid  Fever  

2 

5 

7 

II  5 

Malaria  

| 

|| 

Smallpox  

| 

Measles  



| 

(... 

Scarlet  Fever  

2 

1 1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Whooping'  Cough  

5 

3 

2 

5 

5 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

6 

3 

3 

6 

3 

3 

2 

3 1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

4 

Dysentery  

i 

| 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

j 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec.. 

4 

3 

1 

4 

.....I 

1 

j 

2 

2 

26 

12 

14 

7 

17 

2 

6 

9 

11 

13 

4 

9 

8 

2 

3 

7 

1 

5 

17 

5 

12 

1 

11 

5 

2 

4 

11 

Other  General  Diseases 

9 

6 

3 

7 

1 

1 

1 5 

2 

2 

Local  Diseases 

236 

135 

|ioi 

121 

1 

I 77 

38 

| 

1 

118 

1 

| 22 

\ 96 

Meningitis  \ 

9 

4 

5 

8 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor. . 

16 

13 

3 

1 

5 

1 

• 3 

12 

Paralysis  

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

Convulsions  of  Infants  

12 

8 

‘ ' '4' 

i.2 

I...!. 

12 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System 

1 

1 

I i 

1 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

27  | 

12 

15 

3 

14 

10 

5 

2 

1 

I 20 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

5 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 



1 

i 1 

| 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

19 

6 

13 

10 

6 

3 

10 

2 

1 7 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu 

33 

23 

10 

15 

13 

5 

14 

3 

1 16 

Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 

7 

3 

4 

1 

2 

4 

1 

3 

| 

! 4I 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

under  2 years 

1 15 

6 

9 

15 

15 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 



1 

over  2 years 

4 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 2 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc... 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Peritonitis  

3 

3 1 

2 

1 

2 

1 1 

Appendicitis  

2 

1 

1 | 

2 

2 

1 

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 

17 

10 

7 1 

8 

8 



1 

7 

1 

9 

Bright’s  Disease  

15 

1 11 

4 I 

4 

9 1 

2 

6 

1 

1 | 

8 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

5 

2 

3 1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

I 2 | 

1 

3 

Puerneral  Septicaemia  

| 

| 

Other  Puerneral  Diseases | 

1 

| 

1 ' 

| 

1 j 

| 

1 

1 

Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. . 

1 

| 

1 

I 

1 

1 



1 

| 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System ! 

1 

| 

| 

. J 

i 

1 

1 

| 

1 

1 



1 

Hydrocephalus  1 

1 | 

1 | 

1 

| 1 

| 

1 

1 

i 

1 | 

1 

1 

Other  Malformations  

] | 

I 

I ! 

i 

1 

1 

! 

i 

Congenital  Debility 1 

| 

32  1 

1 

21  1 

11  1 

1 1 
1 32 

| 

1 

1 

1 

32 

1 

1 

| 

Senile  Debility  ! 

8 i 

1 

6 1 

2 I 

1 1 
1 2 : 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

7 

1 

Violence  1 

1 

19  1 

1 

18  | 

1 ! 

1 1 
1 9 1 

8 1 

2 

1 

1 

I‘T 

4 1 

11 

Suicide  

7 1 

6 1 

1 1 

1 2 

5 1 

1 

i 1 | 

| 

6 

Accidents  ' 

12  1 

12  | 

1 7 ! 

'••3  1 

2 

1 

1 3 | 

4 1 

5 

1 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined  . . 

I 

1 | 

1 

| 

“Til 

1! 

1 ! 

! 

1 

! ii 

1 

| 

1 

1 

I 

11 

1 

1 II 

[ 1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


129 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  April,  1903. 


130 


ANNUAL  EEPOET  OF  THE. 


TABLE  No.  G — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex. 


Social  Condition. 


Nativity. 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Death* 

Male. 

Female. 

a; 

"be 

G 

m 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes  

330 

167  | 

II 

163  || 

160 

112 

56  | 

1 

2 1 

145 

51 

134 

General  Diseases  

81 

1 36  | 

45  | 

I 32  I 

35 

I 

13 

1 

1 I 

27 

1 

16  1 

38 

4 

4 j 

| 

2 

2 

j 

1 

1 | 

2 

Malaria  

...:.| 

Smallpox  

| 

i 

Measles  

I1 

1 

j 

j 

Scarlet  Fever  

2 

2 

i 

2 

j 

2 

1 

Whooping  Cough  

5 

1 

4 

5 

| 

5 

1 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

3 

2 

1 j 

3 

:::::} 

3 

j 

1 

1 1 

1 

. . 1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 



1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

34 

10 

24 



3-2 

17 

4 

i 

10 

9 

15 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

Cancer  

19 

9 

10 

12 

H 

4 

15 

Other  General  Diseases  

7 

5 

2 

I_jj 

1 1 

1 

“3’ 

2 

2 

Local  Diseases  

230 

1 

| 113 

u,j 

1 l19  1 

69 

42 

1 

| 

no 

32 

88 

Meningitis  

7 

3 

4 

; 5 1 

•1 

1 

5 

1 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor... 

16 

6 

10 

1 

7 

9 

2 

14 

Paralysis  

1 

1 

1 1 

"T 

Convulsions  of  Infants  

5 

1 

4 

i 5 1 

5 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

| 26 

12 

1 14 

6 

9 

11 

| 

5 

6 

15 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

8 

4 

4 

6 

2 

1 

4 

4 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

1 13 

6 

7 

11 

1 

1 

10 

3 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu 

43 

23 

20 

23 

14 

6 

17 

8 

18 

Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 

5 

3 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

Diarfhoea  and  Enteritis^ 

under  2 years . . . 

! 15  I 

1 8 

7 

15 

14 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

3 

| 1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc... 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Peritonitis  

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Appendicitis 

2 

1 

1 

2 

"'2 

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 

13 

8 

5 

1 

3 

8 

2 

1 

1 

| 

11 

Bright’s  Disease  

1 1 
1 H 1 

8 

1 3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

8 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

1 7 | 

i 

2 

1 5 
1 

3 

3 

1 

4 

2 

1 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

4 1 

1 

| 

1 4 

4 

1 

O 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 

1 

1 

| . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Disease  of  T rirnnt n v Py^tpm 

II 

I 

| 

Hydrocephalus 

1 2 

... 

II.  . . . 

2 

1 2 

1 

| 

| 

2 

Other  ]Vf alf orma t ions 

4 

2 

2 

1 1 4 

| | 

4 

Congenital  Debility 

1 1 
1 

1 

1 17 

1 12 

l| 

1 29 

1 

1 1 
| 1 

29 

j 

Senile  Debility  

1 

II  3 

1 3 

II 

II 

2 

! 4 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

5 

Violence  

1 18 

II 

1 18 

1 

1 

1 

9 

1 

8 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 ! 

1 1 
8 | 3 

1 

7 

Suicide 

8 

1 8 

1 

3 

5 

1 

| 

1 3 

1 

4 

Accidents  

10 

1 10  | 

1 6 

3 

1 

1 ! 

1 -5 

1 2 

3 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined  . 

1 

I 1 

1 

1 

| 1 

11 

|| 

| 

1 • 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

I | 

I' 

I 1 

1 

1 

J 

1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


131 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  May,  1903. 


AGE. 


1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

Sj 

0 

gs 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  tO'  75. 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to  100. 

Over  100. 

78  _ 

18 

-3 

5 

| 1 

i 

12 

4 

12 

9 

17 

14 

ii 

19 

| : t 

14 

23 

1 

12 

1 

I 

I 21 

I 

7 

22!  15 

11 

10 

| 

1 4 

1 

1 

| 

6 

2 

1 

3 

.... 

5 

1 

1 

3 

6 

1 

5 

7 

5 

5 

1 

4 

1 

3 

| 

1 2 

1 

I,.3 

1 

1 

.. . . 

1... 



j..; 



.... 

.... 

.... 

|... 

2 

j... 

2 

2 

1 

1 





.... 

. . . 



j. . . 

2 

1 ••• 

| 

1 

| . . . 

. . . 
1. . . 

1... 

.. . . 

:::: 

... 

1... 

|... 

1 

” ■ 

| . . . 

.... 

1 

3 

"i 

1 

2 

1 

1... 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 

... . 

2 

1 

5 

3 

1 

6 

1 

.7..] 

4 

3 

1 

! . . . 

| 1 
1... 

.... 



1"' 

.. . . 

.... 

.... 

1 1 

2 

2 

6 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 2 

2 

.... 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

■•..J 

... 

... 

71  ' 
3 ! 

16 

2 

2 

A 

4 

3 

6 

...J 

2 

| 

11 

1 

.... 

I 

6 

4 

,12 

6 

•moo  1 

10 

13 

1 

1 19 

12 

|..8 

10 

41 

1... 

... 

1 

| 

■:::i 

5 

1 

4 

2 

1"'  1 

I;.. 

2 

1 

|... 

.... 

.... 
1 1 
....] 

...,| 

1... 

4 

1 

l 

1 

I 

|... 

I-.. 

....1 

.... 

:::: 

.. . .1 

::: 

|... 

I. . . 

....! 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

A 

2 

! 

l 

1 

2 

4 

I 4 

5 

I-... 

... 

1 

2 

1 

. 2 

... 

1 2, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I"  • " 

1 

... 

• • 1 

|... 

2 1 
1 

12! 

■v 

I 

6 

6 

3 

1 

.. . 

1 

J 

1 

• i-ibai-i  • 

1 ' '3 

■I 

1... 

1 

1 

1 

....1 

1 

2 

2 1 
....I 

1 

5 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

I... 

.. 

1 

1 

| 

... 

.. 

....i 

1 

1 

. . . . 1 

1 

1 

... 

1 

1... 

1 

1 

1 

I 

. 

1 

1 

1 



1 

|... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. .. 

1 

... 

1 

1 

1 

-... 

... 

I 

....! 

1 

1 

1 

...1 

ll 
.. . .| 

1 

.... 

... 

..  .1 

| 

1 



1 



....j 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

fl 

1 

u 

1 

1 

• • • 1 

1 

1 

1 | 

1 

| 

2 

1 

1 

1 1 

| 

. . . | 

1 1 

1 

| 

....I 

1 

1 

! 

! 

1 

....1 

1 

| 

4 

... 

. . . 1 

1 

....I 

....I 

....1 

1 

...J 

... 

... 

■ 

1 1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

. . . 1 

j 

|""i 
| 

1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

...1 

1 

... 

. .. 

...1 

...1 

1 

. . .| 

. 1 

1 

. 1 

. j 

| 

1 

• • -1 

1 

. . . | 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

• ••I 

I 

...| 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 | 
4 1 

29  | 

. | 

1 

1 

1 

1 

.....1 

1 

...J 

...., 

...1 

... 

1 

... 

1 

... 

... 

... 

1 

1 

...1 

1 

. . .1 

... 

:::: 

1 

.. . .| 

...| 

...1 

... 

... 

.••I 

...1 

1 

1 

....1 



1 

I 

1 

... 

1 

...! 

1 

:... 

1 

...| 

...1 

1 

1 

1 

J 

. 1 

...1 

| 

j 

1 

il 

j 

3 

1 

•-  2 

. . . | 

1 1 
. . . 1 

; I 

1 1 

3 

1 

si 

11 

1 

1 

.•••I 

il 
1 | 

1 

1 

2 

1 ' 
1 1 

2 

2 

1 

2| 

11 

1| 

l! 

ll 

...| 

1 

! 

...| 

...1 

1 

....I 

1 

...1 

.. 

. 

...1 

... 

... 

1 1 

....! 

.... 

,...| 

3 

i 

■ii 

...| 

.••I 

...| 

1 

1 

L.J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

| 

...1 

1 

ll 

1 

...1 

1 

! 



• 

1 :l 

-i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

132 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  7 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Sex. 


Social  Condition. 


Nativity. 


Total— All  Causes 


General  Diseases  

Typhoid  Fever  

Malaria  

Smallpox  

Measles  

Scarlet  Fever  

Whooping-  Cough  

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

Grippe  

Dysentery  

Other  Epidemic  Diseases. 


252  | 


146 


Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec... 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

Cancer  

Other  General  Diseases 


34 


jOcal  Diseases  163 

Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor. . 

Paralysis  j 1 

Convulsions  of  Infants. 


6 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System j 2 


Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu  — 
Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

under  2 years 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc. .. 

Peritonitis  

Appendicitis  

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System  — 


20 


14 


106  |!  124 


91  | 34 


108 


P 


36 


r*' 


Bright’s  Disease  I 13  1 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. ! | 


Puerperal  Septicaemia  — 
Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 


27 


14 


JL0S_ 

27 


If... 


12 


2 |l I 2||. 


2 I. 


Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 
Diseases  of  Locomotor  System... 


Hydrocephalus  

Other  Malformations 


2 II 
II 


Congehital  Debility  I 26  I 


Senile  Debility 


_ - ( ,, 

Violence  I 24  II 

Suicide  I 6 II 

Accidents  ! 18  || 


Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 


1 


II 


10  |. 

2 I. 

_8J. 

I 

....I 


.1  1 


'I I. 


2 

26  I 

I 

I 


1 I 6 


I I II. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


133 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  June,  1903. 


AGE. 


. 

JL 

z ^ 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

o 

p 

cq 

o 

o 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

in 

O 

o 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  to  75. 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

O 

O 

O 

in 

05 

Over  100. 

71 

5 

2 

1 

s 

2 

12  | 10 

16 

s! 

10 

14 

1 

1 11 

13 

! ii 

12 

13 

9 

6 

1 11 

71 

1 

... 

3 

i 

:::: 

.... 

... 

i 

3 

1 

5 

6 

9 

5 

5i 

5 

1 

4 

5 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1| 

1 

...| 

1 

|. . . 

... 

1... 

1 

I- 





1 

1 



1 

1 

.... 

1 



.... 

1 

.... 

.. . . 

.... 

i 

.... 

1 

' 2 
1 

....! 

1 

3 

1 

.... 



1 

5 

4 

1 

6 

1 

4 

"l 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

:: . 

.. . . 



:::: 

| 

2 

|... 

"2 

1 

1 

. . . 
1 i 

.... 

.... 

..  . . 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 1 

1 1 

1::: 

66  1 
2 

4 

3 

1 

1 

.... 

i 4 

i 

2 

2 

1 

4 i 
1 

4 

3 

*l 

1 

6 

1 

1 6 

6 

1 

1 

6 

9 

9 

_ 1 
7 

1 1 

5| 

\~\ 

j 10 

l_ 

7I 

|... 

F 

|... 

| 

1 

1 

1 

i 

2| 

1 

I..1 

6 

.... 

.... 

... 

.. 

1 

1 

xl 

..xl 

... 

F. 

i 

| 

1 

1 1 

.... 
1 1 

1 

3 

2| 

1 

3 

1 

4 

2 

....| 

1 1 

1 

11 

...1 

|... 

3 

] 1 
14  | 

i 

i 

1 

| 

i 

1 

....i 

1| 

... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

... 

...! 

1 

.... 

.'  .’  .'  .'  | 

1 

1 1 
....j 

1 

1 

A 

1 1 

i 

... 

11 

H 

1 

... 

... 

■ 2| 

...| 

....j 

1! 

. . . 

xl 

... 

1 

... 

. . . 1 

... 

...] 

,...| 

1 

...,| 

| | 

j 

... 

... 

1 

... 

| 

| 

... 

I 

... 

i 

1 

....| 

; 

....j 

1 

...1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

...1 

...1 

...1 

1 

....| 



! 

• . . i 

• • • 
...1 

11 

...1 

... 

i 

| 

| . . . | 

1 

2 

... 
1. . . 

|... 

••  -1 

::::l 

:.. 

4 1 

.. . .! 

L... 

i 

i 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2| 

1 

...| 

.... 

1 

1 1 
| 

I 

1 

2 

5 

... 

I 



1 

... 

... 

|... 

|... 

'.... 

t 

1 

....! 

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

... 

...' 

1 

[..1 

1.. 

.... 

....| 

... 

... 

..  . . 

1 

....! 

I 

1 

... 

1 

... 

... 

..1 

... 

1 

I 

... 

1 

... 

••  .1 

! 

1 

1... 

... 

1 

... 

... 

... 

1 

1 

d 

1 

1 

....1 

1 1 
i 

i 

... 

1 

...1 

... 

1 

1 

1 

, 1 

1 

. . . 1 

2 

26 

.... 

.... 

:::::::: 

....j 

... 

r " 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

:...! 

... 

1 

....j 

I....!.... 

l 

... 

1 

' 

1 

...1 

1 

...1 

1 

. . .1 

1 

...] 

1 

. . . | 

....| 

....! 

! ! i 

...J 

1 

...| 

j 

...j 

1 

• ••I 

... 

1 

2| 

2| 

• 1 

31 

1 

1 

...| 

,.2. 

| 

1 | 

1 i 

| 

5 
2 
3 1 

I....!  si 
!::::!  11 

1 

3 

1 

31 

2 

lj 

1 

ll 

2 

1 

1 

1 

| 

...1 

1 

...1 

...LI 

1 

...| 

1 

2 1 

.... 

i ! 

.... 

i 

,...| 

:.::i 

2 

1 

11 

2 

1 

l| 

... 

•••I 

...| 

- 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

....| 

— 

1 ! 1 

I 

,...i 

1 

...| 

! 

1| 

1 

1 

...| 

1 1 1 1 

134 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  8 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Total — All  Causes 


Sex. 


Social  Condition. 


Nativity 


308  163  145  ||  165  92  | 47  4 | 146  38  | 124 


Oik-i 

o c 

o3 

02 


General  Diseases 

Typhoid  Fever 

Malaria  

Smallpox  

Measles  

Scarlet  Fever  

Whooping  Cough  

Diphtheria  and  Croup. 


23 


Grippe 

Dysentery  

Other  Epidemic  Diseases. 


Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec... 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

Cancer  

Other  General  Diseases 


Local  Diseases  

Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem  or.. 

Paralysis  

Convulsions  of  Infants 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System 


Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 


Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu  — 
Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 


Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

under  2 years 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years  

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc.. 

Peritonitis  

Appendicitis  

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System. 


Bright’s  Disease 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys 


Puerperal  Septicaemia 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 


Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 
Diseases  of  Locomotor  System. . . 


Hydrocephalus  

Other  Malformations 


Congenital  Debility 
Senile  Debility  


Violence  . . 
Suicide  . . . 
Accidents 


2 

32 

_7 

i 40 

,1  8 
,|  32 


Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 


112 

4 

8 


17 


20  10 


115 

7 


56 


34 


22 


1 I. 


I 1 II 
I II 

I 15  II 
I II 

!_5  II 

I I' 

I 12  I' 
I 3 II 
I 9 || 
f 
i. 


i I i 
i i 


i 

14 

1 

1 

1 

112 

7 

“l 

10 

3 

1 

1 

3 

7 

1 


32 


21 


12 


2 

1 | 


2 I 
5 


|l  21  I 16  | 3 

II  2|  5 | 1 

II  19  | H | 2 

'll  I I 


I_1  I 
I I 


I 24 
I 5 
I 19 
I, 

,1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


135 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  July,  1903. 


AGE. 


Under 
1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

o 

o 

LO 

| 10'  to  15. 

o 

CM 

O 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

LO 

1.0 

O 

o 

»o 

55  to  60. 

60  tO’  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  tO’  75. 

! 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

1 

O 

0 

LO 

CO 

LO 

Oi 

O 

O 

C- 

O 

O 

CT. 

Over  100. 

86 

u 

9 

5 

12 

12 

17 

6 

10 

7 ! 

15 

10 

15 

12 

12 

15 

1 

16 1 18 1 

15 1 

1 il 

1 1 

ll 

2 

1 

3 

3 

1 

4 

12 

3 

3 1 
1 1 

i| 

7 

2 

3 

2 

4 

3 

1 

4| 

1 

3 

1 



[... 

.... 

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136 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  9 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


05 

,c 

Sex. 

Social  Condition,  i 
1 1 

Nativity. 

4 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

cS 

4 

-d 

'O 

41 

X 

P 

a5 

4 

’3 

5 

<D 

0) 

bo 

.5 

'd 

<D 

'£ 

S-, 

a 

4> 

£ 

O 

5 

o 

O 

o 

3 

td 

£ 

o C 

02  £3 

ti 

bo 

4 

(h 

o 

§ 

P 

02 

§ 

j? 

P 

P 

p 

Total— All  Causes  

c,o 

to 

| 172 

1 

155  | 

1 1 

| 202  | 

85 

35 

5 i 

| 194  | 

1 

34  | 

99 

General  Diseases  

71 

| 36 

35 

31 

33 

5j 

2 '| 

! 38 

O 

30 

Typhoid  Fever 

4 

| 

4 

3 

1 

| 

1 

1 

2 

Malaria  

| 

| 

| 

Smallpox  

1 

j 

| 

1 

Measles  

j 

j 

Scarlet  Fever  

j 

i 

j 

i... 

2 

1 

1 | 

2 

2 | 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

4 

1 i 

5 

i 

i 

5 

i 

Grippe  

j 

Dvsentery  

i 

i | 

| 1 

i 

i 



j 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

l 

i 

| 



1 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec... 
Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

3 

2 

l 

2 

1 

i j 



2 

1 

28 

15 

3 

11 

16 

i 

15 

1 

12 

7 

3 

4 

5 

2 

i 

5 

1 

1 

Cancer  

14 

7 

•1 

9 

4 1 



i 

3 

11 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 6 

4 

2_l 

1 

4 

1 1 

4 

2 

Local  Diseases  

1 1 
1 242  1 

1 

124 

118 

160- 

| 

50 

1 1 
29  j 

3 j 

1 

! 150 

1 

i 27 

65 

Meningitis  

1 11  1 

4 

7 

1 8 

2 

1 1 

8 

1 

2 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor. . 
Paralysis  

I 12  1 

7 

5 

1 1 

7 

4 j 

3 

9 

Convulsions  of  Tnfants 

10  | 

4 

6 

1 io 

1 



i io 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System 

7 | 

5 

2 

1 2 

3 

2 

2 

5 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

19  | 

15 

4 

1 4 

1 

7 

7 

: 

1 1 

3 

1 2 

14 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  Sj^stem. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu 

4 | 

3 

1 

j 1 

3 

1 

1 ..... . 

3 

1 

2 | 

1 

1 2 

2 

2 

1 

13  1 

1 4 

9 

9 

2 

2 

5 

l 5 

3 

Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System. 

1 5! 

1 4 

1 

1 

! 2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

3 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l 

1 

| 

under  2 years 

1 79  1 

1 1 

1 38 
1 

41  1 

1 

I 79 

| 

75 

1 2 

1 2 I 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

1 

1 

I 

1 

over  2 years... 

1 4 | 

1 2 

2 1 

3 

| 

1 

I 

! j 

2 

2 



Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc — 
Peritonitis  

1 1 1 

1 1 

I 

1 1 

1 

3 1 

3 

1 

2 

1::::: 

I...T.I 

2 

1 

Appendicitis  

1 6 1 

■|  4 

2 

1 4 

2 

i 

3 

1 

2 ! 

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 

1 12 ! 

1 4 
1 

8 

l 

1 ® 

4 

1 3 

i 

6 

1 1 

1 

1 5 

Bright’s  Disease  

14  1 

1 8 

1 6 1 

i 4 

7 

3 

1 

3 

I 5 

6 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

! 5! 

1 2 
1 

1 'I 

1 1 

4 

| • 



2 

1 1 
1 

2 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 3 I 

1 

1 3 1 

Li  1 

1 2 

i 

j 2 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 2 1 
i i 

1 

1 

1 2 1 
1 1 

1 

1 

1 2 
1 

i 

! 1 

1 1 



1 1 

1 

1 

j 

Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. . 

1 l 

1 5 1 

j 4 

1 h 

1 

1 4 

| 1 

| 

I 

5 

| 

| 

I 1 

ii 

| 

i 

1 1 

i 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  T,wnmntnr  System  . . 

| | 

| 

| 

1 

i 

1 i 

1 

| 

| 

Hvdrocephalus 

I | 

1 

1 

1 

| 

i 

i 

1 1 
i | 

1 

1... 

1 

I 

1 

| 

Other  Malformations 

i 1 1 

| 1 

| 

i i 

| 

i 

1 1 

| 

I 

Congenital  Debility 

i i 

I 18  1 

II 

II  9 

1 

1 9 

1 1, 

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 ! 

1 

1 

1 

1 | 
| 

Senile  Debility  

1 1 

1 6 | 

1 

II  3 

1 II 

1 3 || 

1 

1 2 

1 

I 4 

U 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 5 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 - 

Violence  

1 14  I 

I 12 

1 2 ||  11 

1 2 

1 1 

1 6 

4 

1 4 

Suicide  1 II I 1 II  1 1 1 1 1 I 

a „ I 19  II  10  I 1 II  in  I 9 1 1 ' I R I 3 


Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


137 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  August,  1003. 


AGE. 


Under 
1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

CO 

o 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

LO 

o 

o 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

o 

6 

LO 

LO 

o 

o 

65  to  70. 

Lo‘ 

O 

o 

75  to  80. 

JO 

O 

o 

o 

C5 

0 

oo 

LO 

05 

o 

S 

95  to  100. 

o 

o 

u 

0) 

6 

113 

21 

2 

4 

2 

12 

7 

13 

15 

13 

11 

9 

1 12 

1 ' 

1 14 

1 Hi  11 

11 

5 

1 13 

1 1 
I 10 | -J 

1 

I 7 

i 

. . . 

I_1  i 

1 

f 

1 

6 

1 

, 

7 

6 

3 

4 

! 4 

1 

1 6 

i a 

1 4 

4 

1 

! , 

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1 

1 2 

1 

1 1 

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106 

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2 

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1 

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i...i  ii...-i 

... 

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c, 

1 

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1 

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1 

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1 

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III!  1 

i 

138 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  10 — Showing  Deaths  According  to.  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Total— All  Causes 

General  Diseases 
Typhoid  Fever 

Malaria  

Smallpox 
Measles 
Scarlet  Fever 
Whooping  Cough 
Diphtheria  and  Croup. 
Grippe 
Dysentery 
Other  Epidemic  Diseases. 


Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

Cancer  

Other  General  Diseases. 

Local  Diseases 

Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor. 
Paralysis 

Convulsions  of  Infants 
Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System  — 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu  — 
Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System.) 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 
under  2 years. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc... 

Peritonitis  

Appendicitis  

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 

Bright’s  Disease  i 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.j 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 
Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System... 


Other  IVLcilf oriiifitioTis  1 2 1 1 1 

| 1 ||  2 | 

1 ! 1 

1 2 1 

1 

i ii 

Pnno'ci'nif  q1  1 1 tv  1 2R  II  IF) 

1 II  1 

| 13  ||  28  1 

1 1 i 

1 1 
] 28  1 

1 

1 

Senile  Debility  ! 4 ||  4_ 

1 II  1 

1 II  1 1 2 

i ! 1 

■ i ! i 

i 1 1 

1 7 I | 

| 5 ' 1 

1 2| | 

1 1 
1 1 

1 

1 4 

1 II  1 II  1 

Violence  1 34  II  28  ! fi  II  U i 12 

Suicide  •....!  12  II  10  1 2 l|  3 I 4 

Accidents  ! 21  j | 18  | 3 ||  11  | § 

1 1 1 

| 91  5 1 20 

11  2|  9 

| 7|  3 | 11 

1 II 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined  1 1 II 

I II 

1 II  1 

1 1 II  1 1 

1 • 1 1 

1 1 II  1 

i ' 1 1 1 ' 

1 1 !!  I 

1 

I | 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


139 

Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  September,  1903. 


AGE. 


Under 
1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

CO 

O 

<M 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

to 

CO 

o . 
o 

CO 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

O 

0 

»o 

zo 

O 

O 

t>- 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to  100. 

Over  100. 

105 

14 

1 

5 

5 

3 

3 

6 

9 

8 

17 

17 

13  ! 

9 i 

13 

12!  11 

1 

18| 

1€ 

•! 
23 1 

17 

9 

1 

2| 

1 

9| 

2 

i 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

5 

1 

9 

8 



7 

1 

.1 

1 

.! 

4 

1 

3 

3| 

. . . | 

9 

5 

1 

61 

2 

1 

2 

1 

...1 

1 

I 

1..  . 

.... 

...j 

. ... 

i 

... 

. . .' 

. . .1 



....1 

... . 

• •• 

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1 ! 

1 

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1 1 

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i.. . . 

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l 

1 

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1 1 

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3 

1 1 
1 2 

1 a 

1 i 

1 3 

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2 

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1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

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1 

1... 

r 

1... 

1 r 

1...1.. 

... 

1... 

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1 

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3 

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r 

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1 

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1 

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1 

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1 ■ 

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1 

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1 

1 

1 

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1 . 

1 

1 

1 

1 t 

1 ■ 

140  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

TABLE  No.  11 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social  Condition. 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes 

323 

175 

148  | 

133 

128 

62 

131 

46 

146 

General  Diseases 

81 

37 

44 

37 

34 

10 

I 

33 

13 

35 

6 

5 

1 

5 

1 

| 

1 

3 

2 

Malaria  : 

| 

1 

| 

j 

Scarlet  Fever  

| 

Whooping  Cough 

| 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

7 

7 

7 

j 

6 

1 

Grippe  

| 

Dysentery  . . 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

l 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

28 

15 

13 

is 

9 

4 

13 

3 

12 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

11 

4 

7 

6 

5 

i;;;;; 

8 

3 

Cancer  

22 

9 

13 

1 

17 

4 

2 

5 

15 

Other  General  Diseases 

7 

4 

3 

3 

2 

2 



3 

1 1 

3 

1 

Local  Diseases 

1 

214 

1 

1 115 

m1 

1 

93 

1 

| 79 

1 

42 

i 

93 

I 29 

92 

Meningitis 

4 

2 

2 

3 

| 1 

3 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem  or. .. 

17 

8 

9 

1 8 

9 



i 

1 

1 

15 

Paralysis  

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 2 

1 

2 

2 

Convulsions  of  Tnfa.n.ts  

13 

8 

5 

13 



12 

1 

ntV)or  Dis  of  "NTpryons  Systpm 

2 

2 

1 

| 1 

1 

1 

Organic  Heart  Disease. . . 

1 

25  | 

H 

14  | 

2 

1 

15 

[ 

8 

i 

i 

1 2 

9 

14 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

3 1 
1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

| 1 

1 2 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic  — 

9 1 

:l  3 

6 | 

5 

3 

1 

i I 

1 5 

1 

3 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu  — 

26  | 

1 15 

11  ! 

1 6 

14 

6 

! i 

1 6 

1 4 

16 

Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System. 

1 N 

1 2 
1 

2 1 

1 1 

3 

1 

1 

1 i 

1 2 
| 

1 

| 

2 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 i 

'1 

1 

under  2 years 

! 20 

II  16 

1 4 1 

1 20 

1 

1 

1 i 

I 18 

I 

2 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

i i 

1 

1 

over  2 years. 

1 3 

II  2 

1 1 ! 

II  1 

1 2 

i 

> 

1 1 

1 

2 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Ofostmc. 

1 1 

II  1 

| 

| 1 



i 

1 

1 

1 

Peritonitis 

3 

II  2 

1 i 

| 1 

1 2 

i i 

1 1 

3 

Appendicitis 

4 

II  1 

1 3 1 

l|  1 

1 2 

i i 

! 

II  1 

1 3 

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 

1 13 

1 

II  9 

I 4I 

II  5 
1 

1 7 
1 

i i 

! 

1 1 

II  6 
II 

1 3 
1 

4 

Bright’s  Disease  I 17  l| 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  S'ys.|  6 II 


Puerperal  Septicaemia — 
Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 


8 | 
3 I 


6 I 


1 i 

1 I. 


Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue... 
Diseases  of  Locomotor  System — 


2 II 


1 l. 

I 

4 I, 


Hydrocephalus  

Other  Malformations. 


Senile  Debility. 


Suicide 


1 1 
1 21  1 
1 1 
1 H 1 

1 I II 

1 9 | 12  ||  21 

1 1 II 

l|  5 | 6 || 

1 1 ' f 

| ...| i | 

1 1 
| 21  | 

1 1 '1  . f 

1 3 | 8 1 1 

1 1 
1 1 

11 

| | 

1 1 II 

1 1 1 1 

1 1 

! 28  | 

II  23  1 5 II  3 

1 15  1 10  ' 1 

15  14 

19 

1 8 ! 

16  12  M 

| 6 | 2 i 1 

1 1 1 

7 

,|  19  |l  16  | 3 ||  3 

|8|8  | | 

1 5 | 3 

11 

| | 

| | II 

1 1 ! II  1 

.1  1 1 

II  1 1 'I 

1 1 1 1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

1 1 II 

1 1 ! II  I 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


141 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  October,  1903. 


AGE. 


Under 
1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

o 

CO 

4 to  5. 

! 5 to  10. 

j 10  to  15. 

I 15  to  20. 

LO 

o 

Si 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

j 55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

0 

t— 

O 

kO 

<x> 

1.0 

O 

O 

O 

00 

O 

80  to  85. 

O 

O 

LO 

OO 

90  to>  95. 

95  to  100. 

Over  100. 

72 

10 

10 

4 

2 

5 

3 

12 

10 

13 

a ! 

u ! 

20 

14 1 

18?| 

18 

15 

18 1 

18 ! 

12 

18 

5 

1| 

... 

3 

3 

2 

2 

1 

4 

3 

7 

9 

3 

5 

5j 

i! 

4I 

6 

5 

5 

...1 

6 

2 

1! 

I 

. . .-] 

1 

1 

...| 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 | 

...| 

• • • 

.. .., 

... 

• • • 

.. . .1 

...., 

1 

...1 

| . . . 



'■“I 

. ..1 

....l 

i 

. . .1 

’ ' * ' I 

...! 

• • • 1 

...1 

1 



1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

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1 

5 

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j 

. . . 1 

...1 

:::: 

...1 

.... 

.... 

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"1 

| 

1 

• • -I 

1 . . . 

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1 





1 

5 



5 

2 

3 

2 1 

4I 

1 

1 

1 

2 

| 

2 

1 



1 



1 

1 

. . . . 

2 

1 

1 

. . . j 

1 

| . 



i 

1 | 

1 | 

... 

1 

2 

3 

4 

3 

::: 

4 

1 

1! 

1 

1 

j.... 

1 j 

1 

1 

...1 

1 

1 



* • * 1 

... 

69 

CO  Ol 

i 

7 

1 

1 

2 

T 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

.... 

'8 

1 1 

5 

— ! 

8 

1 

11 

1 

!~ 

6 

1 

10 

i 

11 

_ 1 
7 

1 

181 

11 

r~ 

9 

1 

16 

1 

5 

' 1 ' ! 

li...| 
. . . 1 . . . 

i' 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

2 

3 

2 

......  1 

1 

“i 

1 

1 

j 

12 

1 

.... 

J 

1 

....j 

1 

r. .. 

...... 

...... 

.. 

| 

i 

I 

...  .1 

1 

1 

1 

2 1 

1 

3 

3 

6! 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 J 

••  -I 

1 

1 

1 

!••• 

1-  • • 

1 

I...-. 

I...I... 

3 1 

2 

I 

1 

3 

1 

I 

.....; 

2 | 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i ! 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

3 

"i 

2 

1 

1 

[.. 

• • • I 

1 

j 

.... 

| 

1 

1 

1 

...]... 

20  | 

. . . 1 

n 

I 

1 

. . . . 1 

1 

1 

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i 

1 

1 

I 

1 

j.  . 

:: : 



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| 

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j 

.... 

.... 

1 

2 

1 . . . 

j . . . 

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L. 



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2 



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1.... 

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2 

1 

1 

1 

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j... 

1 

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1 

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1 2 

i 

1 

.... 

1 

1.... 

1 

1 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

3! 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 2! 

1 1 

... 

... 

.. 

1 

.... 

1.... 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 1 
I 

1... 

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i ...!.. . 

.. 

1. ... 

1 

1 

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1 

I 1 

1 

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1 

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1 

1. .. 

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1 ! 

|. ..  . . . 

. . 

1 

1 

1 

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4 

1 

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1 

l 

1 

1. . . . 

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I.  • . 

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1 . . . 

1 

1. . . 

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1 

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1 

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1 

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j. 

1... 

1 . 

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1 

1 ! 

L . . 1 

1 

1. . 

! 

.... 

1 

I.... 

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.... 

1 

j.,.. 

1 1 

1 

1 

|.... 

.... 

| 

|... 

| 

1 

1 

:::: 

i 

... 

.... 

j.'... 

|.... 

|. ... 

l 

j... 

...... 

21 

i.... 

1 

| 

1 

1.... 

1 

|.... 

| 

... 

... 

j..  I 

1 

1... 

1 1 

)...... 

i 

! 

I 

1 

1 

i 

| 

i 2 

1 

1 1 

5 

1 2 

1 ! 

! 1 1.  . . 

! , 

1 

L. 

- l 

ij 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

4 

2 

2 

1 3 

1 1 
|. .. 

1 

1 1 

1 

1... 

i 

1..5 

1 

.. 

i 

1 

| 1 

2 

1 

3 

1... 

1... 

1 2 

| 1 

.... 

( i 

1 

1 

.... 
| l 

2 

j 

’ 4 

2 

2 

j 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1. . . 

|... 

. . . 
|... 

.. 

| 

1.... 

LI ... 

1 

1 

1 

| 

! 

j.... 

I 

1 

1... 

L 

i— 

i- 

1 1 
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1 

1 1 

r" 

| 

1 

1 

1 

... 

! 

i 

1 

1 

\ 

... 

1 

1 

! 1 

142 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  12 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex.  j 

Social  Condition,  j 

| Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other  j 
than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes  

1 

325  | 

| 193 

132  | 

139  | 

132 

53 

1 

_l_l 

| 121 

1 

_33  | 

_mj 

General  Diseases  

1 

68  | 

| 40 

28  | 

30 

36 

! 

2 i 

1 

1 

22 

| 

10  1 

36  | 

Malaria  

j 

j 

| 

|‘ 

j 

| 

| 

Measles  

i 

i ' 

| 

..... 

1 | 

1 

1 

I 



i 

I 

i 

5 

2 

3 J 

5 

i 

5 



| 

i 



.» . . . 



' j 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

] 

29 

18 

H 

11 

16 

2 

10 

4 

15 

5 

4 

i 

5 

j 

1 

1 

3 

17 

9 

8 

2 

15 

s | 

1 

3 

13 

Other  General  Diseases 

5 

5 

3 

2 

1 1 

1 

1 

3 

Local  Diseases  

232 

130 

102 

103 

81 

1 

47 

i '[ 

1 

1 

94 

1 

20 

1 

118 

Meningitis 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemor... 

13 

9 

4 

8 

5 

I 

1 

3 

9 

"Pq  ra  lysis  

2 

1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

j 

2 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

H 

8 

3 

! H 

11 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System  — 

4 

3 

l 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

29 

15 

14 

10 

14 

5 

i 

i 

10 

2 

17 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

x| 

1 

1 

i 

1 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic  — 

15  | 

8 

7 

6 

3 

6 

5 

10 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneu  — 

29  1 

20 

9 

12 

14 

3 

9 

4 

16 

Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 

1 

1 

1 

| 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

1 

under  2 years 

15  1 

11 

4 

15 

14 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

1 

over  2 years 

3 1 

2 

1 | 

1 

1 

i 

3 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc. .. 

6 

3 

3 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

Peritonitis 

5 

2 

3 

1 

4 

1 

4 

A FiiTi  P'Ti  rl  i r»  1 1 1 a 

1 

1 

1 

i ■ 

1 

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System.... 

9 

I 

5 

1 

‘"4  1 

2 

7 

| 

1 

2 

6 

Bright’s  Disease 

1 21 

12 

1 9 

4 

12 

5 

1 

3 

17 

Other  Dis.  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

! 3 
1 1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Pn  cr’ncr'Q  1 SPiTltl  PP  PlTllJl 

1 1 
1 2 | 

2 

2 

2 

1 LI  t;  I jJCI  cLl  QCp  ULUClllia  

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 6 | 

1 

5 

2 

4 

i 

3 

1 

2 

Dis.  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

Tiicp.Q  cpc  rvP  TinrAiYifiinf  Rv^JtPTYi 

1 1 
1 3 ! 

! 1 

1 

| 

2 1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

i 

j 

2 

1 1 
I 

UllSoaPcb  U1  LiULUIIIULUl  ioj  olein  . . . . 

1 1 

1 

i 

1 1 
1 1 

1 

1 

Of  Vi  pr*  Mdlformptinn^ 

1 4 1 

! 2 

1 2 1 

1 4 

v 

1 4 

1 

vjtnei  ivLdiiui  iiid Liuiio 

p Ano'nm'i'Q  1 D o In  1 1 1 1 \T 

1 1 

I 25  1 

I | 

| 11 

1 1 

1 14  | 

1 

I 25 

i 

1 25 

1 

1 

Ong  eill  lal  

| | 

| 

| 

i 

1 

Senile  Debility 

i 

1 21  ! 

1 12 

1 9 | 

1 

1 3 

18 

i 

i 

1 

1 

| 20 

l 

‘V'T.r»T,'F!'Mr,'17!  

1 1 
1 25 

II  23 

1 1 
1 2 | 

1 

1 6 

1 

1 15 

4 

i 

i 

1 5 

3 

1 17 

Suicide  

1 6 

ll  5 

1 1 ' 

1 1 

1 3 

2 

! 

1 2 

1 

1 3 

Accidents  

1 18  1 

i ' | 

II  17 
1 

1 1 II  4 

1 1 1 

1 12 
1 

2 

i 

1 3 

2 

1 13 

I 

1 1 

1 

'1  1 

1 1 1 

1 II  1 

I 

1 1 

i 

1 

1 II 

! II  1 

! 1 

1 ' 1 1 

COMMISSION, UK  OF  HEALTH 


143 

Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  November,  1903. 


AGE. 


Under 
1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

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20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

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50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

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144 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  13 — Showing  Deaths  According  to 'Cause. 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Total— All  Causes 


General  Diseases  

Typhoid  Fever 

Malaria  

Smallpox  

Measles  

Scarlet  Fever  

Whooping-  Cough  

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

Grippe  

Dysentery  

Other  Epidemic  Diseases. 


Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infec. ., 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

Cancer  

Other  General  Diseases 


Local  Diseases  

Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem  or.. 

Paralysis  

Convulsions  of  Infants 

Other  Dis.  of  Nervous  System  — 


Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Dis.  of  Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic — 
Pneumonia  and  Broncbo-Pneu — 
Other  Dis.  of  Respiratory  System 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

under  2 years 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, 

over  2 years 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruc.. 

Peritonitis  

Appendicitis  

Other  Dis.  of  Digestive  System... 


Bright’s  Disease  

Other  Dis.  of  Gen ito-Ur inary  Sys. 


Puerperal  Septicaemia  — 
Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 


Diseases  of  Locomotor  System. 


Hydrocephalus  

Other  Malformations 


Congenital  Debility 
Senile  Debility  


Violence  . 
Suicide  . . . 
Accidents 


Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 


Sex. 

Social  Condition. 

Nativity. 

1 

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158 

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6 

8 

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COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


J45 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  December,  1903. 


AGE. 

Under 
1 Year. 

e4 

o 

2 to  3. 

3 to  4. 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

O 

<X> 

O 

LO 

LO 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  to  75. 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

05 

A 

Over  100. 

87 

8 

7 

5 

2 

10 

5 

10 

13 

14 

151: 

,7! 

1 15 1 

11 

1 

15 1 13 

1 

20 

1 

13| 

1 1 1 
17 | 16 | 13 

1 

1 31 

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2 

6 

1 

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1 

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1 

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1 

146 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  14 — Showing  by  Wards  the  Estimated  Population, 


of  the  More  Important 


WARDS. 

Popu’ation. 

- 

Total  deaths. 

Deaths  under  one  year 
of  age. 

Monthly  death  rate. 

Deaths  one  to  five  years 
of  age. 

1 

First  i 

9,600 

94 

9.79 

12 

1 

4 

Second  | 

1 10,000 

| 114 

11.40 

26 

10 

Third  

5,500  | 

j 76 

13.82 

18 

7 

Fourth  

10,900  | 

| 123 

11.28 

19 

10 

Fifth  

10,200  1 

169 

16.57 

38 

H 

Sixth  

13,900 

172 

12.39 

36 

6 

Seventh  | 

7,300  j 

89 

12.19 

10 

4 

Eighth  

11,000 

117 

10.64 

25 

7 

Ninth  j 

18,400 

! 217 

11.84 

58 

22 

T'entn  

j 17,900 

195 

10.89 

40 

12 

Eleventh  , 

24,700  1 

293 

11.86 

102 

25 

Twelfth  . . 

14,200 

I 

| 190 

13.38 

56 

10 

Thirteenth  

19,000 

1 

| 209 

11.00 

62 

18 

TT'mi  r"t  ppn  t V| 

23,200 

365 

15.73 

198 

39 

Fifteenth  

13,600 

| 136 

10.00 

36 

8 

Sixteenth  

10,600 

| 104 

9.81  | 

22 

2 

Seventeenth  

11,500  | 

j 129 

11.21 

45 

14 

Eighteenth  

15,600 

i 158 

10.01 

26 

12 

Nineteenth  

12,000 

! m 

9.25 

30 

13 

Twentieth  

19,700 

| 195 

9.81 

| 

51 

19 

Twenty-first  ! 

14,300 

I 163 

I 

11.39  | 

j 

57 

16 

Twenty-second  1 

12,300 

118 

9.59  | 

| 

33 

8 

Twenty-third  1 

9,600 

1 99 

10.31  | 
| 

26 

8 

H o sp  i 1 8.1  s 1 

1 459 

1 

77 

15 

1 

1 

1 

Total 

1 

315,000  1 
1 

1 4,091  ! 

L I 

1 1 

| 1,103  | 

1 

200 

COM  MISSION  EE  OF  HEALTH. 


147 


Total  Deaths,  Annual  Death  Rate  and  Number  of  Deaths  from  some 
Causes,  for  the  Year  1903. 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Typhoid  fever. 

Measles. 

Starlet  lever. 

Whooping  cough . 

Diphtheria. 

Small-pox. 

Tubeicular  dis- 
ease. 

Cancer. 

Nervous  system. 

Circulatory  Svs-  . 
tern. 

Bronchitis. 

cS 

o 

S 

3 

£ 

Nephritis. 

Diarrhoeal  under  1 
five  years. 

Violence. 

WARDS. 

1 

| 

i 

1 

12 

^ 10 

16 

| 

12 

1 S 

5 

3 

First 

1 



(.... 

i 

2 

10  1 

4 

17 

11 

4 

12 

1 3 

8 

8 

Second 

1 

M 

3 

8 

11 

11 

1 5 

3 

j 7 

| Third 

2 

1 

1 



1 

14  j 

8 

18 

2 

20 

l 

l ^ 

5 1 

1 Fourth 

i 

( 1 i 

3 

\ 1 

.... 

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7 ! 

I 20  | 

i i 

19  | 

9 

23  | 

1 7 | 

101 

17 

| 

| Fifth 

2 | 

L..j 

2 

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1 

19  i 

13  | 

19  | 

30 

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9 

j Sixth 

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1 

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8 1 

1 10  I 

13  | 

1 1 
1 1 10  1 

1 

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1 

1 21 

1 

11 

| Seventh 

1 1 

.... 

1 

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3 

1 

19 1 

5 1 

13  1 
| | 

10  j 

6 j 

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3 1 

1 

30  f 

15  | 

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20  | 
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21  | 

12 1 

19 1 

8 ' 

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3 

| 

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7 1 

1 

25  | 

1 

14  | 

1 1 

20  ! 

21  | 

9 

18  | 

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1 

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1 ! 

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5 

10 

1 

33  | 

12 

1 

23  | 

22  1 

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52  j 

1 si 

27  i 

10  1 

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5 

25  | 

8 1 

1 

15  1 

9 1 

^ 12  | 

^ 8 | 

17  | 

13  1 

Twelfth 

2 

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2 

1 

4 

28  i 

9 1 

29  | 

14  | 

101 

23  j 
19 

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1 

4 

5 

1 

30  i 

8 

36  | 

1 

18 

22  1 

42  | 

6 ! 

64 

1 

hi 

Fourteenth 

2 | 

1 

1 I 

3 

i 

13  j 

5 

1 

17  | 

20  | 

3 | 

19  f 

5 | 

3 1 

4 | 

Fifteenth 

> 

.... 

1 

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3 

1 

1 

7 1 

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13  j 

18  ! 

1 

3! 

10  1 

1 

9 1 

1 1 

6 

Sixteenth 

j 

! 

3 ) 

3 

1 

13  1 

1 | 

20  1 

H | 

1 

9 1 

1 

13  1 

1 

15  | 

7 1 

Seventeenth 

1 

4 | 

.... 

1 

3 1 

1 

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1 

19  | 

1 

15  | 

13  1 

1 

22  | 

1 

6 1 

1 

18  | 

I 

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I 

8 | 

13  l' 

Eighteenth 

1 

3 | 

f 

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1 

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2 

4 

j 

1 

13  1 

9 | 

. 

14  1 
14| 

1 

8 1 

1 

5 1 

1 

21  1 

5 [ 

4 | 

4 1 

Nineteenth 

1 

6 I 
1 

..v 

f 

...,| 

I 

1 

1 1 

5 

....| 

1 

26  | 

1 

25  1 

° 1 
21  | 

ii  i 

1 

21  l 

8 1 
1 

14  j 

1 

10  1 

| 

Twentieth 

- 4 

....1 

1 | 

...1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

21  1 

1 

6 1 

23  j 

17  1 

i 

6 | 

12  | 

6 | 

11  1 

10  1 

Twenty-first 

3 

] 

j 

1 

....1 

1 

1 

3 1 

1 

3 1 

.... 

1 

15  1 

1 

5 1 

17 

17  | 
8| 

1 

7 1 

1 

11  1 

4I 

1 

. 1 

7 

| 

Twenty-second 

i 

...J 

1 

1 

m 

2 1 

1 

2 1 

1 

! 

1 

14  1 

1 

5 1 

8 1 

7 | 

1 

5 1 

9\ 

i 

3 1 

i 

10 ! 

1 

3 1 

Twenty-third 

10  ! 

1 

1 

....1 

! 

[ 

i 

1 

....I 

. 1 

1 

3 1 
1 

1 

....1 

1 

26  1 33  | 

25  ! 
1 

23  1 

1 

14  1 33  1 
1 1 

1 

24  1 

1 

33  1 
| 

| 

64  1 
1 

Hospitals 

5,! 

! 

i 

1 1 

. i 

i 

9 | 
1 

1 

43  ! 

1 

63  1 
1 

1 1 1 I I 1 " 1 

1 |443  1212  1422  1378  1184  1456  li 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

I I 1 

167  1297  1260  1 

Total 

148 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  15. 


Showing  by  Months  the  Number  of  Deaths  Occurring  in  the  Various 
Public  and  Private  Institutions,  Hospitals,  Reformatories, 

Etc.,  for  the  Year  1903. 


HOSPITALS. 

January. 

February.  - 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

C 

o 

s 

a > 
o 
£ 

December. 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

il 

5 

3 

4 

4 

2 

11 

1 

3 

5 

9 

2 

i 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

4 

4 

4 

5 j 

| 

2 

3 

4 

6 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

.... 

1 

2 

8 

4 

9 

6 

4 

6 

7 

6 

6 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

|.... 

2 

4 

2 

1 

1 

Others 

| 

I 2 

1 

1.... 

Protestant  Home 

1 

1 

3 

2 

2 

pt  Jaseph’s  



1 

6 

I 5 

J 

.... 

1 

1 7 

3 

2 

1 

1 

4 

9 

2 

St  Mary’s  

3 

4 

3 

4 

3 

4 

4 

6 

2 

1 6 

4 

St  Vincents  

8 

4 

4 

1 

| 1 

3 

8 

10 

4 

1 

5 

! 

I 2 

6 

Lakeside  

.... 

r 

1 

1 2 

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

2 

[ 

| 1 

J i 

Trinity  

' 2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

j 

1 

4 

2 

6 

1 

5 

7 

1 6 

l 

I 4 
l 

WfiQPAnciin  1 

1 

1 

| 1 

1 

1 2 

I.... 

1 

Sim  o llnoY 

I 

1 

1.... 

1 

I'"' 
i . . . . 

1 

| 

P acjpua  IVTi 

1 

L.\. 

.... 

i...: 

TTrviiQA  rvF  IVTpt’pv 

1 

l 

I 

L.L; 

Qt  1\/T q q Priva  Ip 

1 

| 

| 1 

1 

L..i  ■■ 

L. 

L. 

1 

.... 

| 1 

!.... 

1 

1 

|.... 

1.... 

I i 

2 

x ! 

Qt  T n,h  vi  ’ ci  T-T  nm  p 

1 

l. ... 

1 

l... 

l 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1:... 

1 

1.... 

P itrpreidp  S*£l  VI 1 1 £1  V1 11  TYl 

i 1 1 

| 1 .... 

l 

1 l 

j i 

1 

1.... 

1 

1.... 

1 

! 1 

I i 

TT  mien  Aif  Porrpptinn 

1 

I ......  .... 

i .i 

1: 

1 

1.... 

1 

1 1 

1 

1.... 

1 

1.... 

1 

1 

1 

1.... 

1 

i.... 

L . . 

1 

1 1 

1 

J 

1.... 

1. 

'I 

i 

.... 

1 

! 2 

1 ’ 

1 1 

1.... 

1 1 
1 2 | 1 

2 

1 1 1 1 
1 ...... 

i . . . . 

1 

i.... 

1 

].... 

! i 

1 

1.... 

1 

i 1 

! 

| 

ncdllll  i^cpai  uiicnu  j.  | | - j 

I 

1 

1 1 

L. 

1 

1 2 

1 

1.... 

| 

1 

1 

!_ 

l_ 

1 

!_ 

1 

I_ 

1 

Total  

i 

I 25 

1 

i 43 

! 40 

1 40 

1 42 

1 35 

i i 

1 49  1 36 

1 36 

1 

1 47 

1 29 

1 36 

1 

1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


149 


TABLE  No.  16. 

Showing  the  Nativity  of  Those  Dying  in  the  City  During  1903. 


UNITED  STATES. 


FOREIGN. 


Milwaukee  

Wisconsin  other  than  Milwaukee. 

New  York  

Illinois  

Pennsylvania  

Massachusetts  

Michigan  

Ohio  

Vermont  

New  Jersey  

Iowa  

Maine  


1,872 

262 

278 

40 

16 

12 

25 

24 

13 

2 

11 

5 


Missouri  2 

Minnesota  8 


Virginia  3 

Louisiana  1 

Indiana  6 

West  Virginia  2 

Kansas  1 

Connecticut  2 

Maryland  5 

New  Hampshire  2 

Rhode  Island 2 

Kentucky  2 

South  Dakota  1 

Tennessee  1 

Nebraska  1 

Washington  1 

Montana  1 

South  Carolina  1 

Alabama  1 

U.  S.,  unknown,  not  stated 26 

Total  2,429 


Germany  1,077 

Poland  167 

Ireland  129 

England 48 

Bohemia  42 

Norway  23 

Austria  31 

Canada 25 

Holland  22 

Russia  22 

Switzerland  11 

Scotland  9 

Prussia  4 

France  7 

Denmark  8 

Greece  1 

Wales  8 

Bavaria  3 

Belgium  2 

Sweden  6 

Italy  11 

Iceland  1 

Brazil  1 

India  1 

New  Brunswick 1 

Europe,  not  stated 2 

Total  1,662 

Grand  total  4,091 


150 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  17. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Disposition  in  the  Various  Cemeteries,  and 
Otherwise,  of  the  Bodies  of  Those  for  Whom  Burial  or 
Removal  Permits  were  Issued  During  the 
Year  1903. 


CEMETERIES, 

ETC. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June.  1 

l“5 

August. 

September.  | 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Permits  for 
Still  Births 

Permits  forbodies 
brought  to  city. 

Union  

79 

108 

115 

77 

.74 

57 

80 

65 

80 

74 

85 

77 

1 

971  | 

94  1 

143  |l207 

Forest  Home  

38 

50 

59 

54 

41 

34 

38 

41 

34 

45 

41 

32 

507  | 

17 ! 

147  ! 

671 

Calvary  

101 

103 

108 

73 

78 

47 

74 

72 

90 

75 

60 

79 

i 960  j 

86 

20  | 

1066 

Polish  Union  

37 

50 

51 

44 

35 

41 

42 

63 

55 

47 

44 

37  j 

546  | 

45 

2 

593 

Pilgrims  Rest  

31 

25 

26 

27 

31 

20 

20 

27 

17 

22 

30 

24  ] 

l 300  1 

28 

2 ! 

330 

Wanderers  Rest  1 

16 

16 

16 

8 

16 

12 

10 

14 

15 

14 

15 

13 

| 165  | 

1 

16  j 

I 9 | 

, 190 

Trinity  

9 

8 

15 

l 17 

10 

6 

9 

10 

11 

6 

7 

8 1 

! 116  j 

7 

[...•I 

123 

Greenwood  | 

1 1 

1 3 

3 

l 2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

16  i 

3 1 

19 

Spring-  Hill  1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

3 

l 

1 

2 

3 

19  1 

1 

! 

i 1 

21 

Second  Home  ! 

.... 

2 

1 

1 1 1 

1 3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

6 

21  j 

2 

3 1 

26 

i 

St.  Francis  

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 j 

| 

1 3 

County  Farm  

1 



1 2 

1 

3 



3 

1 1 



4 

6 

4 

1 

4 

3 

1 

5 

37  j 

19 

1 

56 

For  Shipment  

35 

39 

44 

i 44 

i 

34 

19 

26 

29 

26 

29 

26 

29 

380  1 

8 

! 1 

10 

| 398 

For  Anatomical 

1 

1 

Purposes  

3 

2 

4 

1 

2 

2 

j 14  | 

14 

Cremation  

! 1 

i 

| 1 

| 

3 

1 

3 

J 2 

2 

4 

1 

6 

i 

6 

4 

1 1 
' 34  ] 

i i 

5 

i 

39 

National  Home  

.... 

.... 

| 1 

1 1 1 

1 

1 

Beth.  Israel  

1 

1.... 

1 

1 

|.... 

l 

1 

1 

| 1 

1 1 
|,  1 | 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

M: 

1 

1 

! 1 

1 

.... 

I 1 



1 1 

Total 

1 

1355 

1 

409 

450 

1 

1350 

! 

330 

1252 

: 

308 

1327 

! 

341 

1 

1323 

1 

1 

1325 

1 

I 

,321 

1 1 

'4091  | 
1 1 

323 

1 

1 1 

!344  : 

i 1 

4758 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


151 


TABLE  No.  18. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Occupation  of  Those  Dying  in  the  City 

During  1903. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

i 

I 

1 

1 

! 

i 

1 

1 j 

3 

2 

1 

3 

...J 

1 

Artist  



1 1 

J 



Baker  i 

1 

2 

2 

1 

.... 

1 

Banker  

i 

...J 

Barber  | 

.... 

1 1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

Bartender  | 

1 

i 

Blacksmith  

2 

3 

4 

1 1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

.... 

i 

Boilermaker  . . 

.... 

1 

1 

1... 

* 

1 

1 

i 

Bookbinder  

I l 

| 

i 

| 1 



] 

1 

.... 

1 

.... 
1 

Book  dealer  

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

| 

j.... 

!.... 

I 

Bookkeeper  

! 2 

2 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

2 

3 

1 2 

Boxmaker 



|... 

1 

1. . . 

1 

1 1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

] 1 

| 

Brakeman  . . 

| l 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

| 

| 1 

.... 

: i 

!....] 

1 

Brewer  

1 1 

1 

1 1 

[ 

i i 

1 

i 

.... 

j i 

i 

i 

| 1 

1 

! 1 

1 1 
1 1 1 

Brick  Layer  

1 

|.  . . . 

1.... 

1 

|.... 

!.... 

1 

| 

l 

I... 

| 1 

! 1 

L... 

Bridge  Builder 

. . . . 

1 

1... 

1 

| 

1 

| 1 

L... 

1 

1 i 

1 

1 

! j 

Bridge  Tender 

1 

1 

i 

i 

1 

| 

2 

j 

i 

i 

i.... 

1 

| 1 

1 1 

I....I 

Broom  Maker  

1 

1 

i 

i 

i.... 

1.... 

1 

1.... 

1 

i 

!.... 

I 

i.... 

1 

| i 

Brush  Maker  

1 1 
1.... 

i . . . . 

i 

1 

|.... 

1 

I.... 

! 

i 

i 

i.... 

i 

I 1 

1 

...  .j 

Butcher  

1 

1 2 

i 

1 2 

, ... 
i i 

1 

1.... 

1 

I.... 

i 

i i 

i 

I 

i 3 

1 

1 

' 1 

i I 

Buyer  

1 

!••• 

1 

|.... 

i 

1 

| 1 

1 

I.... 

1 

i 

j . . . . 

1 

l 

Cabinet  Maker  . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 

i 

i i 

i 

i 

j.... 

1 ! 

Calker  

1 

1 

1 

| 

L _ _ _ 

j.... 

2 

i 

!.... 

i.... 

1 

|.... 

! ! 
I j 

Candy  Maker  

I 

1. . . . 

I 

|.... 

i 

1 

1.... 

f 

i 2 

1 

i 1 

1 ! 

Capitalist  

I 

1 l 

1 

1 .....  1 

1 

1 1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

!.... 

I 1 

t 

1 

1 

f , 

1 1 1 

2 

12 

1 

1 

5 

1 

11 

1 

18 

2 

| 2 

I 1 

| 15 

I 2 

[ 

I 2 

| 

1 8 

I 1 


Total 


152  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September.  | 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

2! 

1 

| 

2 

Carpenter  

4 

«| 

3 

2 

5 

3 

2 

3 

8 

5 

1 

2 1 

41 

...J 

l 

...J 

1 

1 

i| 

1 

J 

1 

1 

.... 



3 

1 

1 

1 

1 | 

2 

Cattle  Dealer  

I 

.... 

1 

.... 

| l 

1 

| 

1 

Chief  M.  F.  D 

1 

.... 



L... 

1 

.... 

1 

Cheese  Maker  

I 

1 | 

I 1 

1 

1 

1 ■ ■ ■ 

I 

....I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

...J 

10 

Clerk  

5 

1 

5 

2 

5 

6 

3 

6 

2 

2 

2 

o 1 

42 

1 

2 

1 

4 

Coal  Dealer  . . 

1 

1 

.... 

1 2 

Collector  . . 

1 

.... 

1 

2 I 

1 

1 3 

Commercial  Traveler 

1 

1 

I 

.... 

I 

1 1 

1 

1 | 

1 

1 4 

Commission  Merchant  . . 

1 

1 

1.... 

I 

1 

j 1 

Conductor 

| l 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

....1 

1 3 

1 

Contra  ntor  

'.... 

1 

1 

!.... 

1 

i 1 
!.... 

1 

....| 

1 

1 4 

1 

Cook  

1.... 

1 

1 

1.... 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

ll 

1 5 

Cooper  

|.... 

2 

1 

3 

1 

! 1 

1.... 

1 

! 1 

4 

1 

I 

1 1 

! 

1 1 
1 2 I 

1 

16 

Currier 

! 

2 

1 

1 

1.... 

1 1 

....1 

1 

1 2 

Decorator 

| l 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

1.... 

!.... 

I 

.... 

I 

1 2 

Dentist 

j.... 

| 

1 

.... 

1 

1 1 

.... 

1 

1.... 

I 1 

1 

1 

1 

....1 

1 

3 

1 

Designer 

| 

| 

L... 

.... 

1... 

| 

1 

1 

1.... 

I 

....j 

I 

| 1 

Draughtsman 

1 

| 

1 

1 1 

1 

1.... 

[ 

| 

I 1 

1 .1 

1 

!.... 

1 

1 

!.... 

1 

1 2 

1 

....! 

1 

1 4 

Dress  Maker  . . 

| 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 2 

1 

t 

1 1 

l 

2 

1 \ 

1.... 

1 

= 1 

! 10 

Driver 

| 

1 

I... 

1 

1... 

| 

1 

1 

1.... 

1 

........ 

1 

....! 

i 

1 1 

Druggist 

1.... 

1 

| 1 

1 

| 1 

1 | 

| 

! 2 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 2 

...J 

! s 

1 

1 

1 

| 

1 

I 

| 

1 

1 

Dyer 

1 . . . . 

1.... 

1 

1.... 

2 

|.  1 

1 . 

1 

1.... 

....! 

I 3 

Electrician 

1 

|... 

1 

| 

1 

!.... 

! . . 

! 

!.... 

1 

| 1 

I 

l . 

1 

1 l 

1 

1 2 

Electro  typer 

1 

|..J. 

1 

I 

1 

| 1 

( I 
1 ....  1 

1 

!.... 

1 

1 

1 

....1.... 

1 

....1 

1 

1 1 

Elevator  IVfan 

1 

1... 

1 

| 

I 

| 

1 

I.... 

1 

| 

j.... 

1 

!.... 

1 

1 

....1 

1 

1 1 

Engineer  

1 

1 2 

1 

1 

! 1 
1 

I 

1 2 
I 

4 

1 

1 1 
| 

! 2 
! 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

I 1 

| 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

I 16 
| 

Express  Driver 

| 

l 

1 1 
l 

| 1 

1.... 

1 

!.... 

1 

3 

| 

I 

I 

j 

1 

| 

| 

I 

Farmer  

1 2 

1 

1 7 

! 5 
1 

6 

1 2 
1 

1 

1 3 
1 

6 

j 1 

4 

1 8 

| 

4 1 

1 

I 40 

I 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


1 53 


TABLE  No.  1.8 — Continued. 


>> 

Sh 

C 

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.a 

U 

o 

& 

u 

(V 

OCCUPATION. 

c3 

d 

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Sh 

a> 

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o 

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d 

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s 

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h 

1 

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1 

l_ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

6 

1 

1 

2 

3 

...j 

1 

1 

1 

1 

.... 

2 

1 

4 

1 

— 

|.... 

1 

1 

2 

j 

.... 

.... 

.... 

[.... 

|.i 

| 1 

... 

1 

1 

4 

Gate  Tender  

1 

j.... 

[.... 

.... 

1 

Gilder  

1 

....| 

1 

|.... 

1 

1 

Glove  Maker  

1 

1 

i 

1.... 

2 

1 1 

1 

Hatter  1 

1 

... 

1 

1 

1.... 

1 

1 

Harness  Maker  

1 

2 

i 

4 

Hotel  Keeper  

1 

| 1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

7 

House  Keeper  

.... 

48  1 

73 

80 

55 

63 

44 

54 

45 

59 

67 

55 

65 

708 

House  Mover  

1 

1 

Insurance  Agent  

1 

... 

1 1 

| 

1 

1 1 

3 

f 

Inspector  | 



. . . . 

|.... 

i 1 

1 

1 2 

3 

1 

Iron  Worker  

...! 

.... 



1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

Janitor  

i 

1 3 

| 

| l 

| l 

.... 

1 

! i 



i 

7 

1 

Junk  Dealer  

1 

I 

i.... 

1.... 

1 

1 

I.... 

.... 

1 

i 

1 

1 

Jeweler  1 



I 

1 

|.... 

i 

1 

.... 

...J 

1 

i 

.... 

1 

1 

Journalist  | 



1 

1 

| 

i 

I . . . . 

1 

[.... 

1 

I 

2 

Laborer  | 

.... 

1 

28  | 

.... 

1 

1 27  - 

| 37 

35 

28 

1 

I19 

.... 

I24| 

.... 
1 18 

29 

r 

1 33 

..... 

18  1 
1 

323 

1 

Lake  Captain  

1 

| l 

1 

L... 

1 

1 

L...I 

1 

1 

Lather  

. . . 

1 

1 

1 2 

1 

1.... 

|.... 

|.... 

i 

i 

1 

1 

....i 

1 

1 2 

1 

Laundress  I 

. . . . 

1 

....| 

1 2 

. . . . 

1 

; 

i 

.... 

1 

.... 

i 

1 2 

Lawyer  1 

1 

1 

1 

....! 

1 1 

! 

1 

1 

.... 

.... 

.... 

...J 

1 

I.....I 

1 

1 3 

1 

Lineman  

.... 

1 

1 

1 

i 

.... 

1 

.... 

...i 

....I 

1 2 

Lister  | 

1 

1 

l 

i 

[.... 

1 ! 

1 

...  J 

I 

| 1 

i 

Lithographer  | 

.... 

1 1 

1 

i 

1 l 

' 

.... 

1 1 

....I....I 

| 

I-  1 
1 ! 

1 

1 2 

Lumberman  

.... 

i 

I. . . . 

.... 

1 

1 

.... 
1. . . . 

1 1 
. i 

1 

y l 

1 1 
.1 

1 

1 1 

Machinist  1 

l 

2 ^ 

1 6 

1 

1 3 

1 

i 3 

j 9 

1 

■ 1 

.... 

1 

1 7 1 

1 

2 

4 

4 ' 

4i 

! 95 

1 

Mail  Carrier  1 

l 2 

1.... 

i 

1.... 

1 

! 

1.... 

| 

1 

....  i 

1 

■ 2 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 1 

1 

154 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 


Manager  

‘ I I I 

Manufacturer  | 1 | — | 

I I I 

Marquetier  | — | — | 

I I I 

Mason  | 1 I 1 | 


I I 


I I 


1 • 


Merchant  I 2 


Medium  

Messenger  Boy 

Mid-wife  

Miller  

Milliner  

Millwright  

Minister  

Missionary  


3 | 3 

I 


...|  2 | 1 
4 4 


Moulder  | 2 J 3 

None  

Nurse  

Office  Boy  

Oiler  


18  10 
1 1 ... 


Packer 


Painter  

Paper  Hanger 
Paster  


■I  1 


Pattern  Maker  

Peddler  

Photo  Engraver  

Pipeman,  M.  F.  D 1 

I 

Physician  I 

I 

Piano  Dealer  | — 

Planer  I — 

I 

Plumber  I 1 

I 

Policeman  I . . . 


3 

xj  * 

••I  1 

I 

1 .... 


1 I. 

I 


lj  3 
18  20 
....... 


1 I. 


I I 


1 I. 


1 |... 


1 . 


16 


' 3 i| 

A 


I l 


111. 
I I 
■I  l ■ 


1 — I. 


l I. 


Porter  I — I 1 


I I 


I I 


Presser  ! — I — ’ — ! 

I I ! ! 

Printer  1 1 1 2 I 

I I ' ! 

Prospector  I 1 I I I 

I'll 


I I 


1 I. 


I I 


.1  — I. 


I....I. 


2 

4 

1 

14 

32 

1 

2 

1 

2 

4 

1 

4 

1 

23 

198 

1 

1 

1 

1 . 
19 
1 
1 
2 
4 
1 
1 
4 
1 
1 
7 
1 
1 
1 
7 
1 


Total, 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


155 


TABLE  No.  18- — Continued. 


156 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18. — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 


Tobacco  Cutter 
Trunk  Maker  . . 


- I 

Upholsterer  | 1 | — | 1 


Yarnisher  

Wagonmaker  , 

Waiter  

Watchmaker  . 
Ward-man  — 
Well  Digger... 
Watchman  ... 
Wood  Buyer  . . 
Wood  Carver 
Wood  Turner 

W eaver  

Yeast  Peddler 


I I 


1 I. 

I 


II 


Total 12175 


I 


November. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


157 


BIRTHS,  1903. 


TABLE  No.  19. 

Table  Showing-  Reported  Births,  as  to  Color,  Sex  and  by  Whom 
Reported,  by  Months. 


Color  Sex  Reported. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

White  

569 

584 

1 

649 

563 

557 

600 

666 

723 

668 

746 

543 

675  jj  7,543 

Colored  

1 

2 

! 

1 3 

Male  

285 

271 

320 

267 

281 

326 

344 

371 

345 

387 

292 

348  : 

j 

3,837 

Female  

285 

313 

329 

296 

276 

274 

322 

354 

323 

359 

251 

327  | 

3,709 

Physician  

232 

255 

265 

236 

230 

244 

264 

338 

266 

312 

255 

295  1 
1 

3,192 

Midwife  

338 

329 

384 

327 

327 

356 

• 

402 

387 

402 

434 

| 288 
1 

380  1 

t 1 

4,354 

Total 

570 

584 

649 

563 

557 

600 

666 

725 

668 

746 

! 543 
1 

675  1 
1 

1 

I 7.546 
1 

158 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  20. 

Births  Reported  by  Wards  for  the  Year  1903. 


(4 

<v 

Sh 

a; 

>> 

Sh 

Sh 

pG 

£2 

WARDS. 

c$ 

■C 

da 

£ 

0> 

£ 

s 

G 

a 

►"5 

Sh 

O 

ft 

o 

S-I 

d 

§ 

April 

May. 

June. 

July. 

G 

be 

G 

(V 

a 

<£> 

m 

O 

O 

O j 

<v 

o 

z 

a) 

o 

CD 

1 Q 

Total 

First  

8 

13 

4 

1 

1 4 

I 

1 9 

] 14 

74 

10 

u 

5 

5 i 

1 

104 

Second  

11 

13 

6 

12 

1 io 

! 6 

1 15 

16 

17 

11 

12 

21 

150 

Third  

4 

11 

6 

11 

1 

1 7 

1 io 

1 9 

15 

17 

11 

2 

8' 

111 

Fourth  

7 

12 

16 

8 

12 

1 25 

f 

1 14 

16 

10 

19 

12 

20 

171 

Fifth  

6 

7 

10 

10 

15 

I 17 

j 13 

8 

10 

15 

10 

10  ' 

1 

33  | 
1 

131 

Sixth  

20 

26 

I 25 

1 

27 

16 

1 24 

1 24 

30 

21 

j 25 

26 

| 297 

1 

Seventh  ! 

2 

3 

1 2 

1 3 

6 

j 3 

1 

1 3 

4 

! 8 

i 3 

3 

i! 

I 

41 

Eighth  | 

4 

14 

1 21 

1 H 

15 

1 8 

1 16 

17 

| 23 

[ 15 

17 

18 

179 

Ninth  | 

30 

36 

| 31 

55 

42 

| 40 

j 38 

42 

36 

47 

27 

| 

33  | 

457 

Tenth  | 

26 

23 

t 

| 29 

| 28 

17 

| 30 

i 45 

1 

29 

31 

32 

22 

43 

355 

Eleventh  | 

60 

53 

1 

| 68 

44 

I 53 

1 61 

I 56 

49 

71 

86 

64 

| 

I 46  | 

711 

Twelfth  | 

22 

1 

24 

| 26  | 

t 24 

35 

| 

| 33 

39 

i 

! 30 

| 42 

55 

33 

! 1 

1 30  | 

I j 

393 

Thirteenth  1 

26 

1 

45 

1 48 

1 31 

1 25 

| 32  1 

! 45 

i 

52 

| 38 

52 

30 

55  I 

479 

Fourteenth  j 

1 

76 

73 

93 

74 

75 

I 60 

1 

81 

i 

1 98 

81 

106 

85 

103  | 

1,005 

Fifteenth  | 

26 

18 

22 

1 

1 11 

| 22 

12 

18 

30  | 

19 

14 

20 

18  I 

230 

Sixteenth  I 

15 

11 

1 

4 1 

13  | 

5 

10 

8 1 

16 

7 

6 

7 

14  | 

1 

116 

1 

Seventeenth  | 

21 

16 

26  1 

14  i 

32 

19 

24  ! 

29  | 

18 

27 

9 

21  | 
| 

256 

Eighteenth  | 

17 

29  1 
1 

27 

30  I 

25 

29 

20  1 

38 

44 

29 

25 

25  ii 
1 

338 

1 

Nineteenth  | 

39 

33  | 

23  | 

19  | 

28  ' 
1 

| 36 

17  ! 

i 

14  I 

20  j 

34  | 
1 

27 

1 ! 

31  II 
1 1 

321 

| 

Twentieth  1 

39 

41  1 

43  | 
| 

43  1 

29  | 

35 

50  | 

53  | 

24 

35 

i 

27 

1 1 

35  || 

1 I 

454 

| 

Twenty-first  | 

1 

30 

29  1 

26  | 

| 

32  | 

1 

| 

20  | 

33  J 

35  ' 

35 

31 

41  1 

I 

18 

30  || 
II 

20  || 
'I 

19  II 
II 

36  l| 

II 

360 

1 

Twenty-second  1 

29 

1 

16  | 

| 

28  | 
1 

23  | 

23  1 

21 

33  j 

22 

37 

12  I 
| 

20 

284 

Twenty-third  | 

8 

' 8j 

17  | 

1 

10  | 

| 

18  1 

13 

10  1 
I 

12 

| 

20 

1 

25  | 

5 

165 

1 

Not  stated  ...| 

1 

44 

30  1 
1 

48  | 
1 

23  1 
1 

| 

23  1 
1 

34 

1 

39  ! 
1 

56  | 
1 

33  J 
1 

35  | 
1 

37 

1 

438 

1 

Total ! 

1 

570 

584  1 
1 

649 

1 

563  1 
1 

557  1 
1 

1 

600  1 
I 

666  1 
1 

725  1 

I 

668  I 

I 

746  1 
1 

543  1 
1 

675  | ! 

II 

7,546 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


159 


TABLE  No.  21. 
Nativity  of  Father. 


BIRTHPLACE). 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

1 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milwaukee  

Wisconsin,  outside  of 

95 

1 95 

| 112 

j 

1 

114  j 

1 

I 

| 120 

116 

136 

118 

1 

110 

146 

99 

1 

129 

1 1,390 

Milwaukee  

85 

I 

[ 89 

| 76 

| 57 

| 84 

85 

90 

99 

95 

100 

53 

81 

j 994 

Others  of  United 

1 

: i 

I 

States  

48 

1 49  1 

| 69 

| 56 

| 64 

78 

86 

| 87 

78 

66 

63 

65  | 

809 

•Germany  

to 

o 

CD 

209 

244 

| 

197 

200 

199 

179 

256 

226 

270 

187 

259  | 

2,635 

Other  European 

i 

1 

1 

1 

Countries  

130  i 

i 

136 

139 

i 131 

89 

117 

163 

158 

154 

157 

137 

135 

! 1,646 

Unknown  or  not 

1 

1 

Stated  

3 

1 

1 6 ! 

1 

1 9 

I 8 

5 

12 

7 

5 

7 

4 

6 

72 

i 

Total 

1 

! 

570  | 

1 

! a 

I 10 

649 

563 

1 

557 

600 

666 

'725 

1 

668 

1 

1 

746  | 

1 

543 

675 

| 

I 

| 7,546 
1 

Nativity  of  Mother. 


BIRTHPLACE. 

January. 

February.  ! 

March. 

April. 

May. 

Juue. 

>> 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milwaukee  

121 

114 

| 147 

137 

103 

143 

162 

154 

144 

161 

107 

155  || 

1,648 

Wisconsin,  outside  of 

1 

I 

I 

Milwaukee  

75 

| 115 

j 86 

73 

58 

80 

121 

100 

103 

131 

81 

118 

1,141 

Others  of  United 

1 

Ij 

States  

53 

I 57 

i 77 

60 

| 74 

88 

86 

110 

94 

67 

73 

58  | 

j I 

897 

Germany  

190 

| 188 

l 1 

i 222 

167 

215 

176 

139 

244 

200 

250  ] 

167 

241  |l 

1 i 

2,399 

•Other  European 

I"  * 

1 

II 

Countries  

130 

| 110 

| 117 

126 

| 105 

1 

113 

l 

146 

117 

127 

132  1 

i 

115  | 
1 

103  [| 

1 1 

1,441 

Unknown  or  not 

1 

! 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

■ ii 

Stated  

1 

| 

1 

1 2 

| 

12  j 

1 

5 

ij 

20 

_ 

_l 

| 



Total 


160 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


MARRIAGES. 


TABLE  No.  22. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Total  Number  of  Marriages  Reported,  With 
Birthplace  of  Contracting  Parties. 


B RTHPLACE  OF  HUSBAND  AND  WIFE. 


MONTHS. 

Total  Mar- 
riages reptd. 

Milwaukee. 

Wis. .outside 
Milwaukee. 

Others 
of  U.  S. 

Foreigh. 

Not  Given. 

H. 

W. 

H. 

W. 

H. 

W. 

H. 

W. 

H. 

w. 

January  

| 161  i 

J 48 

1 52 

33 

42 

35 

28 

45 

39 

! 

February  

1 199  i 

49 

67 

30 

29 

34 

31 

86 

72 

March  

154  j 

37 

57 

25 

29 

24 

17 

67 

49 

1 

2 

April  

135  ] 

31  ' 

53 

20 

1 H 

32 

32 

52 

37 

1 2 

May 

1 

1 233 

69 

! 84 

41 

| 42 

28 

27 

100 

78 

! 2 

June  

j 

1 286  j 

] 80 

112 

47 

| 47 

49 

40 

110 

86 

j i 

July  

i 

| 302 

94 

| 128 

50 

| 60 

57 

44 

101 

68 

1 2 

August  

I 226  j 

1 

67 

( 

1 96 

29 

24 

1 40 

31 

89 

73 

1 

1 2 
i 

September  . . 

292  i 

! 90 

| 115 

36 

41 

I 

I 53 

59 

113 

77 

1 

1 

October  

! 332  i 

83 

140 

47 

43 

51 

47 

151 

102 

1 

November  

j 249  j 

63 

1 96 

41 

42 

| 40 

34 

105 

| 77 



1 

1 

December  

| 220  ] 
1 1 

1 69 

1 

| 101 

1 

33 

26 

| 38 

I 

28 

1 

80 

1 

65 

1 : 

1 

1 

1 

Total 

OO  I 

L- 

* 

780 

1 

I 1,101 

432 

436 

1 

| ‘476 

418 

1,099 

823 

1 

1 

1 u 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


161 


TABLE  No.  23. 


Showing  by  Months  the  Total  Number  of  Marriages  Reported,  the 
Color  of  the  Contracting  Parties,  and  the  Ceremony  by 
Which  the  Marriage  was  Performed. 


MONTHS. 

Total  Mar- 
riage reptd. 

COLOR. 

CEREMONY. 

Religious. 

Civil. 

H. 

W. 

Plot. 

Cath. 

Jew. 

J-  P- 

Judge 

Court 

Com. 

Offic’l 

Spkr. 

1 

1! 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

II 

January  

1 161  | 

| 1 

95 

28 

5 1 

1 27 

5 

1 

II 

February  

1 ! 

1 199  | 

1 2' 

1 1 

71 

78 

i 

1 

| 42 

5 

1 2 

March  

1 I 

| 154  | 

| .. 

66 

32 

4 | 

48 

3 

1 

i ii 

I 1 

l 

1 

April  

| 135 

1 2 

83 

12 

4 

26 

8 

li  2 

May  . . 

1 

233 

i 

111 

79 

4 

35 

4 

II 

June  

286 

1 

1 1 

154 

71 

7 

41 

11 

1 1 

ii  tag 

July  ' 

302 

1 

141 

113 

1 6 

33 

9 

1 

1 

August  

226 



105 

60 

1 7 

44 

10 

mm 

September 

292 

95 

103 

1 

1 2 1 

82 

9 

i 

II 

1 

October  

332  1 

145 

102 

1 1 

83 

1 

!l 

November 

1 i 

| 249  | 

i 

| 139 

56 

1 1 

| | 

49 

1 4 

i 

i 

ii  

December 

220  | 

1 

| 

93 

70 

3 

51 

3 



I 

i 

1 

| 

!i 

I 1 

| | 

1 

1 

1 

n 

Total 

| 2,789  | 

4 

LAI 

298 

| 804 

| 45 

| 561 

71 

5 

II  5 

ll 

REPORT 


SANITARY  INSPECTOR. 


163 


REPORT  OF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR. 


F.  M.  Schulz,  M.  T).,  Commissioner  of  Health  : 

Dear  Sir — I respectfully  submit  the  following  detailed  report  of 
the  work  of  the  sanitary  inspectors  for  the  year  ending  April  12,  1904: 

Including  reinspections  the  inspectors  have  made  22,581  written 
reports,  of  which  2,807  were  citizens’  complaints. 

The  department  has  issued  2,143  orders  to  clean  vaults,  3,423  gen- 
eral orders ; 303  to  make  sewer  connections  and  44  cease  orders. 

The  house  to  house  inspections  by  sub-districts  has  extended  over 
the  entire  city. 

The  practice  of  having  an  inspector  attend  all  funerals  of  victims 
of  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever,  has  been  continued. 

The  ordinance  regulating  cow  stables  within  the  city  limits  has 
been  enforced  by  compelling  owners  to  make  them  conform  to  the 
ordinance  before  license  to  sell  milk  was  granted.  All  dairy  stables  in 
Milwaukee  County,  the  milk  from  which  was  sold  in  the  city,  have 
been  inspected,  and  in  most  cases  the  suggestions  of  the  inspector 
were  complied  with. 

The  department  has  tested  7,503  samples  of  milk  and  cream  col- 
lected by  the  inspectors;  also  13  samples  of  lake  water  and  76  samples 
of  well  water,  2 samples  of  meat  and  26  samples  of  other  foods. 

The  meat  and  food  inspectors  have  confiscated  136  calves,  8,464 
pounds  of  meat  and  4,219  pounds  of  fish,  also  4,395  pounds  of  nuts, 
fruits  and  vegetables. 

Under  the  privy  vault  ordinance  the  department  has  caused  the 
removal  of  1,015  privy  vaults,  and  many  vaults  have  been  removed  by 
the  owners  voluntarily. 

The  city  has  been  infected  almost  continuously  during  the  year  by 
smallpox,  the  infection  spreading  from  many  concealed  cases.  The 
wisdom  of  our  plan  of  removing  the  patients  to  the  Isolation  Hospital, 
vaccinating  all  persons  known  to  have  been  exposed,  fumig'ating  the 
premises  and  then  allowing  the  inmates  to  pursue  their  usual  avoca- 
tions, has  been  fully  demonstrated. 


166 


ANNUAL  'REPORT  OF  THE 


The  department  has  fumigated  the  premises  after  237  cases  of 
known  smallpox.  The  peculiar  type  and  mildness  of  the  disease  not 
requiring  a physician’s  services  greatly  facilitated  the  concealment  of 
the  cases. 

The  accompanying  tables  give  the  classification  of  the  various 
orders  issued  during  the  year. 

SANITARY  INSPECTION  DISTRICTS. 

Inspector  No.  103 — Harry  Kiehl,  county  dairies  and  milk  inspection. 

Inspector  No.  104 — F.  Mack,  Jr.,  Sixth  ward  and  Thirteenth  ward  east  of 
Thirteenth  street  and  south  of  Wright  street,  and  Twenty-first  ward  east 
of  Third  street. 

Inspector  No.  105 — J.  F.  Cunningham,  Fifth  ward  and  milk  collection. 
Inspector  No.  106 — E.  Seaman,  First,  Seventh  and  Eighteenth  wards! 

Inspector  No.  108 — Peter  McHugh,  Tenth  and  Fifteenth  wards. 

Inspector  No.  100 — J.  Mahkorn,  Eighth,  Twenty-third  and  Eleventh  wards 
west  of  Sixth  avenut  and  north  of  Mitchell  street. 

Inspector  No.  110 — C.  F.  Kruckenberg,  Twentieth,  Thirteenth  and  Twenty- 
first  wards  north  of  Wright  and  west  of  Third  street. 

Inspector  No.  Ill — Jacob  H.  Schultz,  Eleventh  ward  east  of  Sixth  avenue, 
Twelfth  and  Fourteenth  wards  north  of  Lincoln  avenue  and  east  of  Sixth 
avenue,  and  Seventeenth  ward  north  of  Lincoln  avenue. 

Inspector  No.  112 — John  J.  Houlehan,  detailed  in  office  nights. 

Inspector  No.  113 — J.  Campbell,  Fourteenth  ward  south  of  Lincoln  avenue  and 
east  of  Sixth  avenue,  and  Seventeenth  ward  south  of  Lincoln  avenue. 
Inspector  No.  114 — J.  Michalak,  Eleventh  and  Fourteenth  wards  south  of 
Mitchell  street  and  west  of  Sixth  avenue. 

Inspector,  No.  115 — J.  M.  Calligan,  Second,  Third  and  Fourth  wards. 

Inspector  No.  116— O.  Klein,  Ninth,  Nineteenth  and  Twenty-second  wards. 
Inspector  No.  117 — Joe  Derfus,  Sixteenth  ward  and  defective  plumbing. 


FOUR  DISTRICTS  FOR  THE  INSPECTION  OF  MEAT,  FOODS,  FRUIT 

AND  VEGETABLES. 

Inspector  No.  121 — F.  J.  Carney,  slaughter  houses  and  Fourth.  Fifth,  Eighth, 
Fifteenth,  Sixteenth  and  Twenty-third  wards. 

Inspector  No.  122 — John  Falbe,  commission  houses,  Third,  Seventh.  Nine- 
Inspector  No.  123— Ph.  Stock,  First,  Second,  Sixth,  Tenth,  Thirteenth,  Eight- 
eenth and  Twenty-first  wards, 
teenth  and  Twenty-second  wards. 

Inspector  No.  124 — Edw.  McGrath,  Eleventh,  Twelfth,  Fourteenth  and 
Seventeenth  wards. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


167 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  BAKERIES. 

Clean  garments i 

Clean  bake  shop 17 

Clean  floor 2 

Clean  utensils . 3 

Provide  cement  or  hardwood  floor 24 

Provide  screens  1 

Provide  garments  3 

Whitewash  bake  shop 26 

Repair  floor  ..  ... 6 

Fill  or  drain  elevator  shaft 1 

BUTCHER  SHOPS. 

Clean  slaughter  house 2 

Provide  tight  floor 1 

Repair  slaughter  house 1 

Whitewash  killing  room.  1 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  BARNS. 

Clean  barns  i 1 

Clean  cows  3 

Clean  house 1 

Connect  barn  to  sewer. ‘ 2 

Connect  barn  to  tank 1 

Provide  light  for  barn 1 

Repair  barn  1 

Ventilate  cow  and  livery  barn 5 

Whitewash  barn 34 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  PLUMBING. 

A. 

Clean  sewer  73 

Connect  bar  sink 2 

Connect  cistern 1 

Connect  ice  box 12 

Connect  roof  conductors 55 

Connect  rear  house 2 

Connect  sink  12 

Provide  sewer  11 

Repair  and  relay  sewer 21 

Seal  sewer  2 


168 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


B. 

Clean  sink  and  waste  pipe 4 

Provide  sink  4 

Renew  woodwork  of  sink 2 

Repair  sink  4 

Trap  sink  ^ . 21 

C. 

Provide  water  3 

Provide  check  and  waste 1 

Renew  plumbing-  4 

Repair  check  and  waste 1 

Repair  plumbing-  , , 122 

Repair  waste  pipe 6 

Repair  faucet 1 

Repair  water  pipe 11 

Repair  hydrant  1 

Thaw  pipes 3 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  VAULTS  AND  URINALS. 

■A. 

Bank  vault 1 

Disinfect  vault  7 

Fill  vault  1,015 

Provide  watertight  vault 2 

Repair  vault 2 

B. 

Clean  urinal 10 

Connect  urinal  4 

Provide  flush  for  urinal 6 

Provide  urinal  10 

Remove  urinal  2 

Renew  urinal  1 

Repair  urinal  3 

c. 

Clean  slop  hopper 4 

Provide  slop  hopper 4 

Repair  slop  hopper  1 

Replace  slop  hopper  1 

Thaw  slop  hopper  2 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


109 


D. 


Clean  water  closet 88 

Clean  water  closet  floor 1 

Discontinue  water  closet 3 

Provide  water  closet 862 

Provide  water  for  water  closet 21 

Remove  pan  closet 30 

Repair  water  closet 55 

Thaw  water  closet 1 

Unlock  water  closet 3 


E. 


■Clean  catch  basin 5 

Provide  catch  basin 14 

Provide  cover  for  catch  basin 2 

Remove  catch  basin 1 

Repair  catch  basin 1 


ORDERS  TO  CEASE  COMMITTING  NUISANCE. 


Cease  burning’  manure 2 

Cease  cleaning-  fish  on  sidewalk 1 

Cease  covering-  nig-ht  soil 1 

Cease  making-  dense  noise 1 

Cease  receiving-  nig-ht  soil  or  selling-  milk 1 

Cease  rendering-  offal 1 

Cease  shaking-  carpets  from  window 1 

Cease  throwing-  offal  in  manure  box 1 

Cease  throwing-  slops  and  waste  water  in  alley 6 

Cease  throwing-  offal  in  alley 1 

Cease  throwing-  slops  in  yard 20 

Cease  throwing-  slops  on  sidewalk 1 

Cease  washing-  milk  wagon  in  alley 1 

Cease  violating-  ordance  64 12 

Cease  using-  dark  school  room 1 


ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  GARBAGE  AND  MANURE  NUISANCES. 

GARBAGE, 


Clean  g-arbag-e  box 1 

Clean  garbage  chute 1 

Disinfect  g-arbage  box 1 

Provide  ash  box 149 

Provide  cover  for  garbage  box 7 

Provide  garbage  box 328 

Remove  garbage  box 8 


170 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MANURE. 

Provide  manure  box 198 

Provide  cover  for  manure  box.  33 

Remove  manure  box 255 

Remove  manure  box 1 

Repair  manure  box 39 

MISCELLANEOUS  ORDERS. 

Bank  house  4 

Boil  water  before  using- v 16 

Calcimine  room 1 

Call  , 1 

Clean  alley  40 

Clean  and  fill  cesspool 1 

Clean  carpet 1 

Clean  and  fill  cistern 88 

Clean  furnace  1 

Clean  floor  4 

Clean  and  repair  eave  gutters 5 

Clean  and  whitewash  house 6 

Clean  cellar,  basement  and  premises 47 

Clean  privy  house 2 

Clean  chimney  1 

Clean  cistern  7 

Clean  dry  well 3 

Clean  pen  for  poultry 6 

Clean  shed  5 

Clean  yard  97 

Clean  well  1 

Close  openings  1 

Close  hot  air  box 1 

Close  hall  door 1 

Confine  pigeons  3 

Confine  poultry  .....' 6 

Confine  dog 24 

Connect  exhaust  1 

Connect  wash  rack 1 

Cover  cistern 5 

Destroy  ivy 1 

Destroy  dogs  8 

Destroy  school  books 1 

Disinfect  basement 8 

Disinfect  yard  1 

Disinfect  poultry  coop 1 

Drain  basement  and  cellar 37 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


171 


Enclose  lot  1 

Extend  chimney  6 

Extend  exhaust  pipe 1 

Fill  dry  well 1 

Fill  cistern 12 

Fill  ditch 2 

Fill  holes  1 

Fill  or  drain  lot 10 

Fill  pond  1 

Fill  well 98 

Pave  railroad  track 3 

Pave  and  drain  track ...  1 

Provide  eave  gutters  for  house  or  barn 34 

Provide  floor  2 

Provide  muffle  exhaust 1 

Provide  retaining  wall 2 

Provide  tile  drain 1 

Raise  bill  board 1 

Remove  ice  box 1 

Remove  dogs  3 

Remove  filth  32 

Remove  furniture 2 

Remove  spite  fence ..........  13 

Remove  hogs 5 

Remove  goat  2 

Remove  horse  from  under  house 3 

Remove  house 1 

Remove  offal  every  two  days 1 

Remove  old  malt 2 

Remove  pigeons  * 5 

Remove  poultry  39 

Remove  poultry  coop 2 

Remove  iron  1 

Remove  rabbits  2 

Remove  rags  1 

Remove  rubbish  and  ashes 41 

Remove  wooden  drain 10 

Remove  chute 1 

Remove  conductors  1 

Remove  willows 1 

Replace  earth  1 

Replace  floor  1 

Repair  besement  railing .• 1 

Repair  basement 26 

Repair  alley 1 


172 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Repair  ash  chute  1 

Repair  chimney  3 

Repair  ceiling*  1 

Repair  eave  gutters 93 

Repair  floor  1 

Repair  fence  1 

Repair  ice  box  1 

Repair  privy  8 

Repair  gas  stove . 1 

Repair  g*as  pipe  1 

Repair  gas  fixtures 1 

Repair  retaining*  wall . 1 

Repair  roof  14 

Repair  stairs  1 

Repair  supply  pipe 1 

Ventilate  cellar  3 

Ventilate  toilet  room 1 

Trim  trees  1 

CONFISCATIONS  BY  MEAT  AND  FOOD  INSPECTORS. 

Calves  136 

Meats,  fresh,  smoked  and  pickled,  pounds 5,571 

Sausage  and  sausage  meat,  pounds 2,071 

Poultry,  pounds  ^ 335 

Game,  pounds  646 

Frogs  legs,  pounds 82 

Fish,  fresh  and  smoked,  pounds 1.775 

Oysters  and  clams,  pounds. 1,720 

Lobsters  and  crabs,  pounds 642 

Fruit,  pounds 4,395 

Respectfully  submitted, 

T.  H.  CURTIS, 

Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 

/ 


REPORT 

OF 

SECRETARY. 


173 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY. 


F.  M.  Fcliulz,  M.  D.}  Commissioner  of  Health: 


Sir — I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  financial  report  of 
the  Health  Department  for  the  year  ending-  December  31,  1903: 

HEALTH  DEPARTMENT  FUND. 


Jan.  26.  Printing’  

Flour,  etc 

Pipe  

Hardware  

Groceries  

Rope 

Rope,  etc 

Wheels  

Butter  and  milk 

Coal 

Meats 

Bread  

Lighting’  gas  

Meats  

Cups,  etc 

Groceries 

Coal  

Coal  

Coal 

Coal 

Wood  

Repairs 

Lumber  

Ice  

Blank  books 

Blank  books  

Feb.  1.  Et  ah,  January  pay  roll... 

October  pay  roll,  nurse.  . . . 
January  pay  roll,  hospital 
January  pay  roll,  hospital 

Vaccination  

Collection  of  animals 


$39  75 
2 95 

19  80 
5 95 

47  36 
30  38 

26  14 
7 00 

16  06 
25  32 
14  73 
32  62 
30  32 
38  56 
7 95 

20  08 
21  75 

27  60 
30  20 
32  59 
21  50 
74  00 
13  92 

5 50 
60  25 
108  25 
2,486  55 
32  25 
144  00 
352  71 
240  00 
67  50 


175 


176 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Feb.  1.  Garbage  7..  5,061  25 

Disposal  of  garbage 616  33 

2.  Rent  of  scow,  Oct.  15  to  Nov.  16,  1902 50  00 

Rent  of  scow,  Oct.  1 to  31,  1902 54  00 

Rent  of  scow,  Nov.  15  to  Dec.  16,  1902 50  00 

Rent  of  scow,  March  17  to  May  31,  1902 132  00 

Rent  of  scow,  Feb.  15  to  May  31,  1902 182  '00 

Towing',  Feb.  15  to  May  31,  1902 106  00 

Vaccination,  etc 649  20 

Rent  102  Seventh  street,  Aug'.  15  to  Nov.  16,  1902 375  00 

1.  January  pajr  roll,  g-uards,  etc 348  75 

January  pay  roll,  disposal  of  garbage 1,245  45 

9.  Groceries  33  65 

Service  21  00 

Books 6 08 

Livery 153  50 

Livery 67  00 

Subscription  2 00 

Water  2 68 

Medicine  5 35 

Medicine 8 40 

Medicine  14  73 

Medicine  69  02 

Hardware  38  39 

Tools 9 11 

Repairs  178  12 

Repairs 184  31 

Boiler  compound  37  50 

Butter  and  egg's 17  73 

Brick  20  90 

Meat  26  31 

Brushes  . 15  75 

Coal  1,182  02 

13.  Rent  of  scow,  Dec.  15  to  Jan.  16,  1903 50  00 

Mob.  2.  February  pay  roll 2,486  55 

February  pay  roll,  hospital 143  00 

February  pay  roll,  hospital 336  00 

February  pay  roll,  vaccinations 220  00 

February  pay  roll,  collecting'  garbage 4,487  25 

February  pay  roll,  disposal  of  garbage 725  50 

February  pay  roll,  collecting'  animals 60  00 

February  pay  roll,  disposal  of  g'arbag'e 331  55 

February  pay  roll,  g'arbag’e  hoist 87  00 

February  pay  roll,  g'uards 75  00 

January  pay  roll,  g'uards 6 75 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  177 

Mch.  2.  Printing- 71  50 

Stationery  18  25 

Blank  books  34  75 

4.  Bedding  7 06 

Groceries  27  01 

Flour,  etc 3 50 

Bedding 20  60 

Bedding 21  00 

Bedding  24  65 

Repairs  7 50 

Globes,  etc 1 05 

Groceries  36  88 

Rent  of  land,  January 150  00 

Cable,  etc 18  08 

Oil 7 58 

Brick 150  00 

Meat 27  83 

Repairs  12  70 

Groceries 9 75 

Groceries IS  66 

Milk 15  05 

Coal  39  52 

Coal 28  00 

Coal 29  03 

Soap 4 05 

Sewing  machine 35  00 

Sheet 71  00 

Ice 3 30 

Steps  63 

Rent  of  land,  January . . 150  00 

9.  Cloth  8 30 

Bedding  11  25 

Bedding 2 50 

Wedge,  etc 4 86 

Lamp,  etc 54  25 

Oil 8 10 

Fittings,  etc 2 97 

Repairs  128  89 

Repairs 22  09 

Dies 16  00 

Coal  27  75 

Coal  33  75 

Coal  52  80 

Coal  55  50 

Supplies  22  17 


178  ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 

Mch.  9.  Vaccine  ^ 18  75 

Medicine  : 4 83 

Medicine  4 93 

Anti-toxine  152  55 

Brushes,  etc 12  20 

Coal : . 129  10 

Coal  131  08 

Ice  3 57 

Wood  41  75 

Wood  158  50 

Groceries 25  67 

Butter  and  eggs  28  04 

Meats 20  53 

Milk  3 31 

Postage  stamps 29  80 

11.  February  pay  roll,  garbage  disposal 10  50 

14.  Vaccine  points  153  85 

Vaccine  points  116  70 

Rent  of  scow,  Nov.  1 to  30th,  Jan.  1 to  31 122  00 

Rent  of  scow,  Dec.  1 to  31st,  Feb.  1 to  13 88  00 

23.  Advertisement  3 57 

Repairs  „ 2 00 

Bedding-  9 98 

Bedding-  21  00 

Bedding- 25  10 

Groceries  8 75 

Wedges,  etc 3 52 

Repairs  *138  42 

Rent  of  land,  February 150  00 

Groceries  30  24 

Coal  3 00 

Clay  124  50 

Brick 110  50 

Bread  5 89 

Meat  30  60 

Repairs  17  30 

Groceries  31  18 

Milk 15  35 

Coal  40  16 

Coal  34  23 

Coal  125  83 

Repairs 16  10 

Repairs 38  28 

Repairs 16  75 

Repairs  30  50 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


179 


Mch.  23.  Paint  

Expenses  

Service,  July  1 to  Oct.  1,  1901 

Rent  of  land,  February 

Stationery  

Postage  stamps 

April  1.  March  pay  roll 

March  pay  roll,  hospital 

March  pay  roll,  hospital 

March  pay  roll,  vaccination 

March  pay  roll,  guards 

March  pay  roll,  collection  animals 

March  pay  roll,  disposal  g'arbage 

March  pay  roll,  collection  garbage 

March  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage^ 

6.  Printing  

Stationery 

Bread  

Expense  investigating  bacteriology . ... 

Bronze,  etc 

Paint  

Milk  ‘ 

Sundries 

Coal 

Coal  

Coal i 

Service  

Service  

Service  

Service  

Rent  102  Seventh  street,  Dec.  15  to  March  16 

Drugs  

Groceries  

20.  Blank  books 

Groceries  

Books  

Flour 

Bedding 

Bedding’  

Bedding 

Rivets,  etc 

Stove  pipe 

Repairs  

Groceries  

Milk,  etc 


12  85 
11  00 
18  00 
150  00 
2 00 
6 60 
2,486  55 
145  00 
352  71 
205  00 
76  50 
65  00 
4S8  91 
5,025  25 
1,789  52 
41  00 
30  00 
9 76 
19  50 
1 08 
67  50 
15  20 
6 28 
4 85 
150  43 
150  43 
38  50 
44  70 
18  00 
18  00 
375  00 
46  50 

1 33 
38  25 
33  63 

6 00 

2 40 
35  75 
41  25 
28  00 

4 25 
1 20 

5 25 
143  59 

23  73 


180 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


April  20.  Coal  - 10 

Coal  3 

Grate  block 116 

Water 3 

Meats 21 

Groceries 14. 

Milk 31 

Coal 20 

Expenses  10 

Repairs 15 

Repairs 7 

Medicine 48 

Ice  4 

Toll  service * . . 8 

Postage  stamps  „ 11 

27.  Coal  for  garbage  plant 304 

May  1.  April  pay  roll 2,4S6 

April  pay  roll,  hospital  ./ 136 

April  pay  roll,  hospital 270 

April  pay  roll,  vaccinations 20 

April  pay  roll,  guards 70 

April  pay  roll,  collection  animals 65 

April  pay  roll,  collection  garbage 4,744 

April  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage 2,770 

Overalls,  etc 12 

Coal  183 

Paint,  etc 5 

Rent  of  land,  March 150 

Oil 7 

S.  blocks Ill 

Lighting  31 

Repairs  2 

Coal  21 

Medicine  15 

Medicine  29 

Medicine  12 

Medicine  1 

Medicine 1 

Vaccine,  etc 8 

Supplies  . 7 

Expenses  on  health  and  sanitary 8 

Expenses  on  health  and  sanitary 9 

Services  7 

Services  10 

Vaccine 75 


50 

00 

60 

49 

99 

52 

25 

75 

00 

00 

35 

74 

00 

98 

00 

98 

55 

58 

47 

00 

25 

00 

00 

60 

00 

70 

53 

00 

80 

20 

68 

60 

75 

00 

36 

47 

85 

60 

20 

80 

75 

75 

00 

00 

00 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  181 

May  4.  Vaccine  46  50 

Formaldehyde  60  35 

Coal  85  33 

Ice 6 00 

Rent  of  land,  March 150  00 

18.  Advertisement  3 75 

Repairs  75 

Bedding 9 98 

Bedding’  7 50 

Bedding  3 30 

Bedding 5 25 

Groceries  . . . . 31  60 

Bread,  etc 7 16 

Bread,  etc 2 63 

Bedding 15  50 

Bedding  6 50 

Repairs  79  17 

Groceries  18  41 

Brushes  6 00 

Tape,  etc 1 25 

Springs,  etc . . 12  50 

Oil  13  15 

Oil  8 03 

Coal  ..* ' 122  62 

Coal  118  58 

Groceries 2 62 

Towing  20  00 

Meats 14  46 

Meats 17  71 

Meats 24  06 

Cans 1 25 

Collector  arm 9 00 

Groceries  6 09 

Lights 5 00 

Milk  7 45 

Coal  17  05 

Coal  25  85 

Coal  44  10 

Sundries  20  82 

Tools 34  00 

Repairs 60  00 

Expenses 15  50 

Ice  % 4 00 

Ice  4 00 

Toll  service  50  00 


182 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


May  18.  Rent,  of  scow . . - 150 

Rent  of  scow,  March  17  to  31 75 

25.  Purchase  of  scow,  used  and  sunk 350 

June  1.  Flour 2 

Burying-  horse  3 

Bedding-  6 

Bedding-  G 

Groceries  28 

Butter,  etc 19 

Oil  filler  1 

Oil  21 

Sundries  5 

Formaldehyde  41 

Shields 13 

Fall  service 2 

May  pay  roll 2,486 

May  pay  roll,  hospital 146 

May  pay  roll,  hospital 352 

Vaccination  * 72 

Guards  247 

Collection  animals 62 

Collection  g-arhag-e  ! 4,997 

Guards  29 

15.  Printing-  45 

Bedding- 4 

Hardware  11 

Tools,  etc 10 

Strainers  37 

Milk,  etc 14 

Meat  27 

Groceries  19 

Milk  8 

Vaccine  46 

Medicine  13 

Repairs  16 

Expenses  11 

Ice 4 

Formaldehyde 21 

Vaccine  38 

Service  42 

Service  38 

Service  IS 

Service  > 18 

Postage  stamps 17 

Groceries 33 


00 

00 

00 

40 

00 

50 

CO 

43 

52 

00 

00 

25 

10 

50 

20 

53 

25 

71 

50 

24 

50 

75 

25 

75„ 

00 

60 

75 

50 

51 

60 

27 

85 

20 

99 

95 

50 

55 

55 

10 

00 

50 

00 

00 

20 

07 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  183 

June  15.  Supplies 37  65 

Coal  4,322  71 

29.  Printing-  29  75 

Towels,  etc 9 98 

Groceries 35  68 

Pipe  10  96 

Wicks,  etc 1 60 

Brooms  4 25 

Repairs  5 00 

Mower 5 00 

Hardware  . . . 6 35 

Rivets,  etc 8 38 

Brooms 9 00 

Hardware  17  03 

Hardware  31  77 

Brushes 7 88 

Rope  4 55 

Cable  15  51 

Rope  17  68 

Bars,  etc 2 70 

Repairs  22  50 

Coal  and  wood 2 85 

Oil  8 10 

Asphaltum 17  85 

Meats  . . . ./ 18  13 

Milk,  etc 2 88 

Milk,  etc 8 80 

Mantles  . 1 60 

Coal 22  50 

Coal  . 44  10 

Wood  10  00 

Medicine  16  25 

Medicine 9 00 

Anti-toxine  8 60 

July  1.  June  pay  roll 2,486  54 

June  pay  roll,  hospital 175  83 

June  pay  roll,  hospital 347  14 

June  pay  roll,  guards 582  61 

June  pay  roll,  collection  animals.... 72  50 

June  pay  roll,  vaccinations 343  75 

June  pay  roll,  garbage  disposal 3,403  65 

June  pay  roll,  g-arbage  collection 5,594  00 

7.  Services  attending-  Chas.  Mueller,  injured 42  00 

13.  Bedding 11  96 

Star 5 00 


184 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


July  13.  Chairs  - 38  50 

Bedding 12  50 

Repairs 138  G5 

Oil * 60  00 

Rope,  etc ! 5 96 

Cleats  3 38 

Groceries  35  11 

Brushes  6 25 

Water  4 39 

Meat  43  26 

Valves  2 95 

Wheels  8 05 

Oil  6 89 

Wheels 24  00 

Groceries  8 56 

Rent  of  scow,  June 150  00 

Medicine  8 50 

Medicine  6 TO 

Supplies '.  135  93 

Repairs 27  95 

Repairs  24  05 

Advertisement  for  labor *6  00 

Sundries : . 5/93 

Vaccine 37  50 

Vaccine ' 75  00 

Vaccine 37  50 

Vaccine 4 05 

Acid  11  35 

Ice  5 85 

Ice 11  95 

Ice  10  00 

27.  Printing  108  50 

Lever  8 80 

Groceries 43  27 

Groceries  40  37 

Thermometer  . 4 50 

Supplies  2 18 

Milk 12  04 

Lighting,  gas,  hospital 20  64 

Lighting,  gas,  Cit\r  Hall 3 92 

Meat 21  01 

Towing '<0  00 

Repairs 0 00 

Wood 10  00 

Coal  21  00 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  R5 

July  27.  Wheels 4 00 

Clipboard  85  00 

Subscription  3 90 

Vaccine 104  10 

Shields  72  00 

Removing  sash  12  00 

Paint 21  74 

3 directories 18  00 

Aug.  1.  July  pay  roll 2,440  58 

July  pay  roll,  hospital 155  00 

July  pay  roll,  hospital 275  29 

July  pay  roll,  guards .20  80 

July  pay  roll,  vaccinations 203  25 

July  pay  roll,  disinfecting 6 50 

July  pay  roll,  collection  of  animals 77  50 

July  pay  roll  guards 334  94 

July  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage . 5,786  75 

10.  Postage  1 38  32 

Repairs  5 70 

Groceries 3 84 

Milk 6 25 

Books  12  00 

15.  Meat  for  quarantine 16  04 

Groceries  for  quarantine 95 

Groceries  for  quarantine 12  58 

Groceries  for  quarantine 15  62 

24.  Groceries  30  11 

Groceries  7 36 

Fire  extinguishers 15  00 

Asphaltum  19  25 

Meats ...  16  75 

Meats  4 20 

Butter  and  eggs ..  14  74 

Butter  and  eggs 13  04 

Rent  of  scows 150  00 

Coal  123  01 

Coal  117  15 

Rent,  March  16  to  June  16 375  00 

Livery  hire,  January 55  00 

Livery  hire,  February 87  00 

Livery  hire,  March 70  00 

Livery  hire,  April 56  00 

Livery  hire.  May 78  00 

Livery  hire,  June 121  00 

Livery  hire,  July 65  00 


186 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Aug.  24.  Supplies 17  53 

Medicines  13  o? 

Sept.  1.  August  pay  roll ( 2,544  60 

August  pay  roll,  hospital 166  74 

August  pay  roll,  hospital 336  61 

August  pay  roll,  vaccinations 112  50 

August  pay  roll,  guards 361  60 

August  pay  roll,  collection  animals 77  50 

August  pay  roll,  collection  garbage 5,784  00 

August  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage 3,484  13 

7.  Lumber 41  95 

Oil  13  00 

Coal  150  87 

Coal  156  20 

Coal  193  29 

Bread,  etc 2 63 

Bread,  etc 3 57 

Bread,  etc 1 67 

Bread,  etc 4 01 

Bread,  etc 4 68 

Bread,  etc 7 88 

Bread,  etc 19  68 

Bread,  etc 4 36 

Groceries  68 

Milk 13  98 

Milk  11  88 

Meat  t 65 

Meat  1 88 

Meat  18  44 

Expenses  10  00 

Ice 6 00 

Stationery  35  DO 

•21.  Printing 99  50 

Cloth,  etc A 11  16 

Groceries ...  32  52 

Boxes  3 50 

Mattresses 11  50 

Lumber 15  63 

Test  for  rabies 10  00 

Hardware 21  08 

Hardware  29  37 

Fittings  3 44 

Groceries  20  41 

Groceries  22  S3 

Rope 37  05 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  187 

Sept.  21.  Cord,  etc 7 10 

Supplies 18  45 

Cement 6 50 

Meats  10  38 

Milk  19  84 

Wheels,  etc 56  50 

Groceries  9 86 

Repairs  4 00 

Milk  12  30 

Milk  7 40 

Coal 22  65 

Drugs  9 77 

Drugs 51  90 

Expenses  13  25 

Sundries  2 84 

Lumber 10  08 

Soaps . 4 00 

Coal  117  68 

Services 10  00 

Grate  bars 40  80 

Service,  office  3 42  00 

Service,  hospital  38  50 

Service,  crematory 18  00 

Service,  hoist 18  00 

Towing' 20  00 

Towing  15  00 

Rent  of  scows,  August 150  00 

Purchase  price  of  schooner  City  of  Grand  Rapids 600  00 

Oct.  1.  September  pay  roll 2,524  31 

September  pay  roll,  hospital 156  25 

September  pay  roll,  hospital 247  14 

September  pay  roll,  vaccinations 74  50 

September  pay  roll,  guards 1 12 

September  pay  roll,  collection  animals 75  00 

September  pay  roll,  collection  garbage 5,894  00 

September  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage 3,613  73 

September  pay  roll,  disinfector 50  00 

5.  Strainers  4 50 

Services,  etc 9 00 

Acid 4 31 

Repairs 2 95 

Repairs  5 25 

Brushes 1 25 

Instruments  9 75 

Oakum 4 90 


188 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Oct.  5.  Rope  1 64 

Repairs  139  77 

Plumbing- 20  00 

Coal . 142  45 

Coal  95  20 

Repairs  9 51 

Repairs  . 2 03 

Asphaltum  17  85 

Cases  12  00 

Cleaning-  vaults 40  00 

Coal  18  38 

Wood 6 50 

Repairs  74  25 

Tools  11  70 

Ice 0 50 

Cartage 10  50 

Stationery  4 50 

10.  Rent  of  scow,  May 150  00 

19.  Repairs  116  00 

Groceries 33  17 

Rabbits,  etc 8 35 

Hardware 4 95 

Hose,  etc 100  50 

Groceries  28  64 

Asphaltum 18  55 

Milk 14  22 

Meat  13  56 

Coal  124  88 

Water  , 2 86 

Meat 16  59 

Meat 11  49 

Milk  11  27 

Groceries  10  75 

Milk 5 95 

Stamps  1 75 

Repairs 150  70 

Services 21  00 

Expenses  13  40 

Nursing  12  00 

Formaldehyde  43  05 

Vaccine  76  50 

Rent  102  Seventh  street,  June  15  to  Sept.  16 375  00 

Ice 6 50 

Ice  , 16  80 

Rent  of  land  and  labor 27  00 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  189 

Oct.  19,  Stationery  15  00 

Nov.  3.  Advertisement 2 17 

Bread  5 54 

Globes,  etc 2 00 

Brooms  9 00 

Shovels,  etc 18  89 

Repairs 2 75 

Groceries .* 13  99 

Sockets 2 10 

Lighting’,  gas,  .3 20  80 

Towing 70  00 

Repairs  6 00 

Wheels,  etc 21  00 

Coal 19  20 

Wood 11  00 

Drugs  1 00 

Drugs  - 3 48 

Paint  55  00 

Repairs  21  60 

Coal  100  56 

Coal  141  07 

Coal  174  65 

Coal 178  30 

Coal  132  40 

Coal 103  20 

Corks,  etc.  2 55 

Toll  service 1 00 

Toll  service  11  00 

Scavenger  5 65 

Printing 103  00 

Record  cards  12  00 

2.  October  i>ay  roll . ...  2,652  11 

October  pay  roll,  hospital 126  25 

October  pay  roll,  hospital 252  71 

October  pay  roll,  vaccinations 125  00 

October  pay  roll,  collection  animals 77  50 

October  pay  roll,  collection  garbage 6,129  25 

October  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage 3,660  91 

9.  Treating  hydrophobia  cases 50  00 

Treating  hydrophobia  cases 180  00 

Treating  hydrophobia  cases 48  93 

Treating'  hydrophobia  cases 36  00 

16.  Repairs  69  00 

Bread  3 49 

Bread  1 96 


190 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Nov.  16.  Bread . . . 2 95 

Bolts,  etc 2 45 

Hardware  13  13 

Groceries  25  89 

Rope,  etc 26  67 

Asphaltum  18  90 

Repairs S3  80 

Supplies r. 5 60 

Services  50  00 

Coal  77  51 

Coal  75  00 

Clay,  etc 6 55 

Meats  17  42 

Towing' 30  00 

Coal 151  49 

Repairs  23  50 

Oil  13  00 

Oil  7 28 

Milk 9 80 

Removing  horses  58  00 

Coppers  7 05 

Drugs  17  15 

Lumber  6 72 

Oil 12  25 

Coal 125  41 

Coal 137  24 

Coal 143  63 

Coal  158  99 

Coal 163  93 

Coal  166  69 

Ice  6 75 

Schooner  Jessie 525  00 

Postage 60  66 

30.  Expense  at  convention 120  00 

Dec.  1.  November  pay  roll 2,684  31 

November  pay  roll,  hospital 126  25 

November  pay  roll,  hospital 208  80 

November  pay  roll,  collection  animals 62  50 

November  pay  roll,  collection  garbage 4,646  25 

November  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage 2,929  50 

November  pay  roll,  guards 182  24 

November  pay  roll,  special  nurse 15  00 

14.  Scavenger  work 8 00 

Groceries . 33  33 

Supplies ...  3 40 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  191 

Dec.  14.  Mattress  5 00 

Services  . 22  50 

Hardware  55  60 

Repairs 2 50 

Polishing* 64 

Milk 17  04 

Board  22  00 

Key 1 25 

Milk 13  57 

Fuel  85 

Fuel  85 

Fuel  85 

Drugs  8 55 

Drugs 179  50 

Ice 6 00 

Service,  telephone 38  50 

Service,  telephone,  G 18  00 

Service,  telephone  18  00 

Rent  of  land,  September,  G 55  00 

Bedding  18  75 

Comforters  9 00 

Groceries  17  81 

Supplies  7 60 

28.  Supplies 3 21 

Supplies  8 88 

Supplies 3 72 

Rabbits 6 50 

Bedding- . 4 50 

Bedding  4 75 

Bedding 4 25 

Repairs  3 50 

Repairs,  etc 5 90 

Hardware,  etc.,  G 12  07 

Hardware,  etc.,  G 30  65 

Box  cover,  G 113  10 

Cement,  etc.,  G 2 60 

Mantles  2 10 

Coal,  G 19  58 

Coal  23  25 

Coal  48  00 

Labor 25  00 

Boxes 25  00 

Coal  22  50 

Collection  animals 29  00 

Services,  nurses  19  33 


7 


192 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Dec.  28.  Formaldehyde  51  40 

Coal,  G 1,960  40 

Jan.  2.  December  pay  roll 2,622  02 

December  pay  roll,  hospital • 151  24 

December  pay  roll,  hospital 248  71 

December  pay  roll,  collection  of  animals 67  50 

December  pay  roll,  guarding-  smallpox 122  06 

December  pay  roll,  vaccination 105  00 

December  pay  roll,  collection  garbage 5,076  75 

December  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage,  crematory 913  69 

December  pay  roll,  disposal  garbage,  burying 765  81 

Dry  goods 33  34 

Groceries 46  70 

Groceries 37  87 

Lumber,  G 15  18 

Repairs  3 75 

Hardware,  G 10  12 

Files,  etc..  G..  . 10  95 

Wedges,  etc.,  G 7 77 

Groceries 11  08 

Groceries  IS  62 

Asphaltum,  G 18  88 

Scavenger  work  8 00 

Cement,  etc.,  G 5 35 

Iveys  50 

Meats  13  16 

Meats  22  04 

Coal,  G 2 75 

Meats  9 95 

Meats  22  94 

11.  Meats 23  48 

Packing,  etc 21  37 

Eggs,  butter,  etc IS  46 

Cream,  butter,  etc 13  28 

Oil,  G 1 64 

Wheels,  G 12  00 

Groceries 20  78 

Groceries  14  87 

Milk 4 80 

Milk 7 45 

Coal  45  00 

Pile,  G 15  00 

Collecting  animals 6 00 

Collecting  animals 18  00 

Medicines  9 65 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


193 


Jan.  11.  Drugs 11  98 

Drugs  17  67 

Drugs  20  70 

Drugs  29  85 

Drug's 34  25 

Coal 28  13 

Coal  25  13 

Expenses  33  10 

Lumber,  G 5 91 

Milk 8 28 

* Ice 6 50 

Ice  10  00 

Subscription  2 00 

Printing 15  50 


RECAPITULATION. 

OFFICE. 

Pay  rolls  

Postage 

Printing  

Books  and  stationery 

Expense,  supplies,  etc : 


$30,387  20 
214  57 
554  25 
376  25 
600  24 


$171,267  16 


$32,132  51 


COLLECTION  AND  DISPOSAL  OF  GARBAGE. 


Pay  rolls,  collection $61,907  23 

Pay  rolls,  disposal ...  35,579  28 

97,48-6  51 

Supplies,  coal,  etc $12,113  43 

Equipment  and  repairs 8,971  40 

21,084  83 


$118,570  34 

ISOLATION  HOSPITALS. 


Pay  rolls $9,657  08 

Supplies  4,249  88 

Repairs,  etc 3,708  48 

—  $17,615  44 

Supplies  for  laboratory $1,000  32 

Vaccine  and  anti-toxine 1,947  55 

—  2,947  87 

Grand  total  $171,267  16 


Respectfully  submitted, 

FRANK  B.  SCHUTZ, 

Secretary. 


194 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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Respectfully  submitted, 

JAS.  GRAHAM, 

Supt.  Collection  and  Disposal  of  Garbage. 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 

Commissioner  of  Health 

OF 


MILWAUKEE. 

(TWENTY-EIGHTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT. ) 


APRIL,  1905. 


Milwaukee: 

The  Cannon  Printing  Co. 
1905. 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 

Commissioner  of  Health 

OF 

MILWAUKEE. 


(TWENTY-EIGHTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT.); 


APRIL,  1905. 


v Milwaukee: 

The  Cannon  Printing  Co. 
1905. 


COMMITTEE  ON  HEALTH 

OF  THE 

BOARD  OF  ALDERMEN. 


Fred  C.  Book, 

J.  R.  Kuschbert, 

F.  C.  Schumacher. 

Jos.  Rittleat, 

John  Rlaesner, 

Gustav  Raetz, 

H.  Stoetzer. 


3 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYEES 


OF  THE 

Health  Department  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee 

FOB  THE 

YEAR  ENDING  APRIL  10TH,  1905. 


Commissioner  of  Health, 

F.  M.  SCHULZ,  Ph  G.  M.  D. 

Medical  Assistants  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health, 

Arthur  J.  Patek,  M.  D.,  Louis  F.  Jermain,  M.  D., 

W.  C.  F.  Witte,  M.  D., 

Charles  J.  Coffey,  M.  D.,  James  H.  Hackett,  M.  D. 

Bacteriologist, 

Otho  Fiedler,  M.  D. 

Chemist, 

Henry  L.  Schulz. 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics, 

Frank  E.  Darling,  B.  S.,  M.  D. 

Secretary , 

Frank  B.  Schutz. 

Clerk, 

Geo.  E.  Adams. 

Registration  Clerk, 

Miss  Bell  Reese. 

Confidential  Secretary, 

Miss  Helen  Wilson. 

t Stenographer, 

Miss  N.  H.  Taylor. 


5 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYEES-CONTINUED. 


T.  H.  Curtis,  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 

David  Thomas,  Chief  of  Disinfecting  Corps. 

F.  J.  Carney,  Meat  Inspector. 

F.  Falbe,  Meat  Inspector. 

Phil.  Stock,  Meat  Inspector. 

Ed.  McGrath,  Meat  Inspector. 

Jas.  Skiba,  Complaint  Clerk. 

Sanitary  Police, 

H.  Kiehl,  Milk  Inspector, 

F.  Mack,  Jr., 

J.  F.  Cunningham, 

E.  Seaman, 

Peter  McHugh, 

J.  Mahkorn, 

C.  F.  Kruckenberg, 

Jacob  H.  Schultz, 

John  J.  Houlehan, 

J.  Campbell, 

Felix  Machalak, 

J.  M.  Calligan, 

0.  Klein, 

Joe  Derfus, 

John  Dolge. 

Matron  to  City  Isolation  Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases, 

Miss  Vera  Balegoski. 


Cook  to  City  Isolation  Hospital. 

Sarah  Haisler. 

Janitor  to  City  Isolation  Hospital, 

Mike  Haisler. 

* 


6 


REPORT. 


To  the  Honorable  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Mil- 
waukee : 

Gentlemen — I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  Annual  Report 
of  the  Health  Department  for  the  year  ending  April  10th,  1905,  being 
the  twenty-eighth  annual  report  of  this  department. 

The  financial  and  statistical  part  of  this  report  is  made  for  the  year 
ending  December  31st,  1904. 

During  the  year  1904  there  were  recorded  in  this  department  8,190 
births,  as  against  7,456  for  1903,  an  increase  of  644  births,  giving  an  an- 
nual birth  rate  of  25.20  per  1,000  population.  Of  this  number  4,143 
were  males  and  4,047  females. 

The  total  number  of  deaths  reported  during  the  year  1904  was  4,182, 
representing  an  annual  death  rate  of  12.87  per  1,000  population  upon  an 
estimated  population  of  325,000;  of  this  number  2,278  were  males  and 
1,904  were  females. 

The  deaths  of  children  under  one  year  of  age  numbered  1,106,  and 
of  children  from  one  to  five  years  of  age  385,  giving  a total  number  of 
deaths  of  children  under  five  of  1,491,  a ratio  of  infant  mortality  to  the 
total  mortality  of  35.60. 

It  is  very  gratifying  to  note  the  steady  decrease  in  the  mortality  rate 
of  children  under  five  years  of  age.  In  the  year  1895,  Milwaukee,  with 
a population  of  232,000,  had  2,317  deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of 
age,  giving  a ratio  to  the  total  mortality,  of  51.90,  and  in  1904,  with  a 
population  of  325,000,  the  number  of  deaths  was  only  1,491,  or  a ratio 
of  35.60.  This  gradual  reduction  in  infant  mortality  during  the  past 
decade  can  be  attributed  to  a number  of  causes,  the  most  important  of 
which,  however,  is  the  great  improvement  shown  in  the  quality  of  the 
milk  furnished  to  the  consumers  in  this  city.  The  rules  and  regulations 
governing  the  control  and  sale  of  milk  and  cream  have  gradually  become 
so  stringent,  and  they  are  so  rigidly  enforced,  that  it  is  practically  im- 
possible for  an  inferior  article  to  find  a market. 

Educational  literature,  on  the  proper  food  and  care  of  infants,  dis- 
tributed by  this  department  during  the  summer  months,  has  also  had  its 
share  in  reducing  infant  mortality. 

As  in  the  past  year,  so  in  this,  pneumonia  again  leads  as  the  captain 


7 


8 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


of  death,  with  493  as  against  456  for  1903.  Tuberculosis  is  a close 
second  with  428,  and  organic  heart  disease  third,  with  360  deaths. 

The  table  herewith  appended  shows  the  number  of  deaths  for  the 
last  eleven  years  of  some  of  the  leading  diseases. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

Typhoid  Fever 

70 

63 

46 

31 

46 

47 

59 

63 

48 

54 

43 

Measles 

69 

1 

29 

36 

.2 

26 

36 

17 

36 

1 

16 

Scarlet  fever 

12 

5 

4 

3 

2 

36 

70 

16 

10 

9 

41 

Whooping:  cough 

69 

60 

15 

19 

53 

9 

46 

21 

49 

43 

6 

Diphtheria 

237 

179 

198 

106 

61 

109 

124 

100 

85 

64 

58 

Pulmonary  tuberculosis  .. 

354 

288 

335 

316 

316 

372 

373 

400 

320 

362 

428 

Cancer 

107 

139 

158 

164 

166 

194 

196 

206 

208 

212 

224 

Meningitis 

107 

82 

96 

70 

108 

123 

72 

93 

93 

90 

71 

Apoplexy  

90 

90 

108 

92 

107 

120 

139 

160 

144 

181 

171 

Convulsions 

250 

239 

246 

191 

127 

144 

140 

124 

94 

132 

162 

Organic  heart  disease 

143 

161 

185 

212 

190 

228 

227 

197 

254 

295 

360 

Bronchitis 

169 

181 

189 

193 

182 

173 

180 

176 

230 

184 

157 

Pneumonia 

245 

271 

237 

239 

227 

281 

299 

272 

280 

456 

493 

Diarrhoeal  diseases 

348 

323 

298 

244 

350 

400 

439 

322 

340 

286 

303 

Nephritis 

77 

95 

106 

110 

106 

132 

121 

132 

156 

167 

179 

Congenital  debility 

415 

364 

347 

217 

194 

244 

323 

290 

234 

314 

357 

Senile  debility 

124 

116 

108 

123 

84 

69 

78 

115 

92 

106 

160 

Suicides  

46 

48 

58 

62 

62 

49 

59 

59 

69 

74 

6-< 

Accidents  

119 

145 

143 

125 

116 

155 

152 

166 

188 

186 

175 

DIPHTHERIA. 

There  were  reported  to  this  department  during  the  year  1904,  304 
cases  of  diphtheria,  with  53  deaths,  as  against  354  cases  with  64  deaths 
for  the  year  1903.  This  gives  a mortality  rate  of  17.4.  In  reviewing 
the  records  of  this  disease  it  is  interesting  to  note  the  gradual  decrease 
in  the  number  of  cases  occurring  in  this  city  and  the  decrease  in  the 
mortality  rate.  In  1892,  when  Milwaukee  had  100,000  less  population 
than  today,  the  number  of  cases  of  diphtheria  reported  was  1,193,  and  the 
deaths  numbered  400,  giving  a mortality  rate  of  33.5.  This  was  fol- 
lowed in  1894  by  the  exceedingly  high  rate  of  37.8.  So  that  within  the 
last  ten  years,  the  mortality  rate  of  this  dreaded  disease  has  been  lowered 
to  less  than  one-half.  These  results'  prove  conclusively  what  diphtheria 
anti-toxine  can  accomplish  in  the  treatment  of  this  disease. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


9 


SCARLET  FEVER. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  reported  to  this  department  671  cases 
of  scarlet  fever,  with  41  deaths,  as  against  332  cases  with  9 deaths  for 
1903.  The  increase  in  the  number  of  cases  can  be  attributed  to  the 
greater  virulency  which  the  disease  manifested  during  the  past  year.  The 
mortality  rate  has  more  than  doubled  over  the  previous  year;  further- 
more, it  occurred  repeatedly  that  unrecognized  cases  were  attending 
school  before  the  time  had  expired  in  which  this  disease  is  considered 
transmissable,  and  in  this  way  infected  other  children. 

The  systematic  inspection  of  all  of  our  schools  by  medical  inspectors, 
as  has  been  repeatedly  advocated  and  urged  by  this  department,  would 
eliminate  the  latter  factor  as  a distributing  agent,  not  only  of  this  but 
of  all  the  other  communicable  diseases  that  children  are  subject  to. 

SMALLPOX. 

The  number  of  cases  of  smallpox  reported  to  this  department  during 
the  past  year  was  448  with  1 death.  The  disease  still  assumes  the  mild 
form  that  has  characterized  it  the  preceding  two  years,  and  which  makes 
it  so  exceedingly  difficult  to  eradicate  it  completely.  Of  these  448  cases, 
about  one-fourth  were  reported  by  physicians,  the  other  three-fourths 
were  located  by  our  sanitary  inspectors  in  house  to  house  inspection.  The 
cases  were  generally  so  mild  that  a physician  would  not  be  called  to 
attend  them,  and  it  was  only  through  the  efforts  of  our  inspectors  in 
ferreting  out  suspicious  cases  that  this  department  became  aware  of  their 
existence  and  could  take  the  necessary  precautions  in  preventing  its 
spread. 

TUBERCULOSIS  . 

Legislation  is  a notoriously  slow  process,  and  when  actual  progress 
has  been  achieved,  it  is  indeed  gratifying  to  be  able  to  give  credit  where 
such  is  due. 

In  our  last  report  to  your  honorable  body,  certain  recommendations 
for  the  improvement  of  the  tuberculosis  situation  were  made  and  their 
importance  dilated  upon.  We  can  now  record  that  several  of  these  sug- 
gestions have  been  carried  to  a successful  issue.  In  the  first  place,  after 
several  unsuccessful  efforts,  the  law  making  expectoration  in  public  places 
and  conveyances  a punative  offense,  was  passed  and  is  now  in  force.  The 
good  effect  of  this  law  was  instantly  manifest.  The  sidewalks  of  our  city 
are  now  very  clean,  pools  of  sputum  are  no  longer  found  in  street  cars, 
and  doubtless  the  city’s  health  has  improved  through  the  enforcing  of 
this  measure.  Fortunately,  it  did  not  require  convictions  for  violations 


10 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


of  the  law  to  bring  about  this  result,  for,  attention  having  been  called 
to  this  filthy  habit,  a sense  of  decency  on  the  part  of  onr  citizens  suf- 
ficed to  secure  a ready  compliance  with  the  law.  While  there  are  still 
frequent  violations  that  have  gone  unpunished,  all  indications  point  to 
a sentiment  in  favor  of  supporting  the  law,  and  this  is  a healthy  sign. 

The  health  department  is  now  wrestling  with  the  isolation  hospital 
problem,  and  it  would  be  idle  to  suggest,  at  the  present  time,  the  erec- 
tion of  a municipal  hospital  for  the  treatment  of  the  tuberculous  poor. 
New  York  city  has  taken  steps  to  provide  for  these  unfortunates,  and 
other  cities  will  surely  follow  suit.  We  are  greatly  gratified  at  the  present 
time  with  the  prospect  that  the  legislature  will  give  favorable  considera- 
tion to  the  project  for  a state  sanitorium,  and  allow  a generous  appropri- 
ation to  be  made  for  this  purpose.  Should  this  be  successful,  and  should 
the  tent  colony  plan,  that  is  being  agitated  in  this  city  by  private  citizens, 
be  carried  out,  it  will  be  a means  of  caring  for  some  of  our  tuberculous 
poor. 

The  state  legislature  is  expected  to  pass  a measure  adding  tuberculosis 
to  the  list  of  notifiable  diseases.  It  proposes  that  physicians  notify  the 
health  officer  of  the  existence  of  every  case  of  tuberculosis  that  comes 
under  their  notice.  The  health  department  then  assumes  the  respon- 
sibility of  determining  whether  or  not  the  conditions  under  which  the 
patient  is  living  grant  a reasonable  degree  of  safety  to  others  in  the 
same  house.  When  a death  from  consumption  has  taken  place,  disinfec- 
tion is  to  be  thoroughly  done.  If  a landlord  in  whose  house  a tenant  has 
died  of  the  disease,  refuses  to  disinfect,  his  house  is  to  be  placarded,  and 
may  not  be  retenanted  until  the  law  is  complied  with. 

The  above  measures  are  in  line  with  suggestions  made  by  eminent 
sanitarians  of  the  present  day  for  the  eradication  of  tuberculosis,  and, 
while  there  are  other  means,  not  yet  adopted,  to  this  end,  we  have  every 
reason  to  be  thoroughly  gratified  at  our  progress,  and  will  undoubtedly 
reap  much  benefit  from  the  enforcement  of  present  and  prospective  laws. 

During  the  year  1904,  there  were  recorded  428  deaths  from  con- 
sumption. Though  this  is  a somewhat  larger  number  than  has  been 
reported  during  any  previous  year,  it  does  not  indicate  that  the  disease 
is  spreading  in  this  community.  The  influx  of  foreigners  is  constantly 
on  the  increase,  and  the  unsanitary  condition  of  their  houses  is  an  easily 
explainable  cause  of  outbreaks  of  the  diseases  among  them.  Then  again, 
tuberculous  invalids  are  a migratory  class,  many  seeking  health  away 
from  home;  of  these  a certain  number  will  return  home  to  die,  others 
will  succumb  elsewhere,  and  their  bodies  be  brought  home  for  burial. 
Thus  there  is  a variable  factor  that  must  be  taken  into  account,  and  the 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


11 


small  increase  in  recorded  deaths  during  the  past  year  may  thus  be  easily 
accounted  for. 

It  will  be  several  years  before  statistics  will  prove  us  to  have  been 
justified  in  enforcing  measures  that  are  now  being  taken  to  curb  the 
progress  of  tuberculosis,  but  verification  of  predictions  will  ultimately 
come,  in  our  own  time,  and  this  will  be  our  vindication. 

TYPHOID  FEVER. 

There  is  little  to  say  upon  this  subject  that  would  not  merely  be  a 
repetition  of  matters  touched  upon  in  previous  reports.  We  have  on 
several  occasions  dwelt  upon  the  causation  of  typhoid  fever,  and  have 
drawn  attention  to  the  fact  that,  as  the  infecting  organism  is  well  known, 
and  also  that  the  means  by  which  the  infection  is  communicated  is  quite 
well  understood,  there  ought  to  be  a gradual  reduction  in  the  number 
of  cases — in  fact,  an  outbreak  of  any  size  ought  to  be  an  extremely  rare 
occurrence. 

A water  supply  that  is  free  from  sewage  contamination  should  carry 
no  typhoid  infection.  While  the  supply  of  our  city  is,  under  ordinary 
circumstances,  very  satisfactory,  heavy  southerly  and  southeasterly  winds 
do  seem  to  carry  a certain  amount  of  contamination  from  the  harbor  dan- 
gerously near  the  intake,  and  this  may  some  day  seriously  threaten  the 
purity  of  the  supply. 

There  are  so  few  wells  now  remaining  in  the  city  that  the  conta- 
gion from  this  source  is  hardly  to  be  reckoned  with.  A greater  evil  is 
the  infected  milk  that  is  brought  into  the  city,  and,  as  there  is  no  very 
satisfactory  way  of  determining  that  a given  milk  is  infected  until  at- 
tention is  drawn  to  it  by  reason  of  an  outbreak  of  typhoid  in  the  route 
of  the  distributor,  one  can  readily  appreciate  some  of  the  difficulties 
our  department  must  contend  with  in  the  effort  to  guard  the  health  of 
the  city’s  citizens. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  reported  43  deaths  from  typhoid 
fever.  But  once  in  the  past  ten  (10)  years  has  there  been  so  low  a 
mortality.  Remembering  that  the  city’s  population  has  increased  very 
greatly  since  1894,  this  mortality  incidence  indicates  a material  reduc- 
tion in  the  total  typhoid  fever  morbidity.  This  in  itself  is  reassuring, 
and  gives  promise  that  our  hopes  that  ultimately  the  disease  will  be  well 
nigh  extinct,  will  some  day  be  realized. 

LEGISLATION". 

During  the  past  year  a number  of  ordinances  were  passed  by  your 
honorable  body  bearing  directly  upon  matters  pertaining  to  public 


12 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


health  and  which  have  materially  increased  the  duties  and  work  devolving 
upon  this  department. 

In  my  opinion  one  of  the  most  important  of  these  is  the  ordinance 
prohibiting  expectorating  upon  sidewalks  and  in  public  places  and  con- 
veyances. 

This  ordinance,  when  properly  enforced  and  observed,  will  be  far 
reaching  in  its  effect  upon  public  health.  It  is  today  conceded  by  all 
sanitary  authorities  that  in  pulmonary  tuberculosis  (consumption)  the 
sputum  of  the  consumptive  is  the  onty  carrier  of  the  contagion.  This 
ordinance  was  passed  February  20th,  1905,  and  reads  as  follows: 

Section  1.  No  person  shall  spit,  expectorate  or  deposit  any  sputum,  spittle, 
saliva,  phelgm,  mucus,  tobacco  juice  or  wads  of  tobacco  upon  the  floor  or  stair- 
ways of  any  part  of  any  theater,  public  hall  or  building  or  upon  the  floor  or  any 
part  of  any  railroad  car  or  street  car  or  any  other  public  conveyance  in  the  city 
of  Milwaukee  or  upon  any  sidewalk  abutting  on  any  public  street,  alley  or  lane 
of  said  city;  and  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  owner  or  agent  of  every 
theater,  public  hall  or  building  in  said  city  to  provide  every  such  theater,  public 
hall  or  building  with  a sufficient  number  of  spittoons  or  cuspidors. 

Section  2.  Any  person  violating  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance  shall  upon 
conviction  be  fined  in  a sum  not  less  than  one  nor  more  than  five  dollarsi,  together 
with  the  costs  of  the  prosecution,  and  in  default  of  payment,  by  imprisonment  in 
the  house  of  correction  of  Milwaukee  county  for  not  more  than  five  days. 

Another  measure  that  has  been  passed,  and  which  will  undoubtedly 
reduce  the  number  of  accidents  in  the  city  during  the  coming  year,  is  the 
order  regulating  the  size  and  the  sale  of  fireworks.  This  ordinance,  if 
properly  enforced,  will  cause  a sane  Fourth  of  July  celebration  and  be 
the  means  of  saving  many  lives  in  the  future. 

The  ordinance  reads  as  follows : 

Section  1.  No  person,  firm  or  corporation  shall  sell  or  cause  to  be  sold  for 
use  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee  any  dynamite  crackers  over  five 
inches  in  length,  blank  cartridge  and  cap  pistols,  blang  cartridges,  iron  and1  brass 
cannons,  repeating  canes  for  shooting  potash  and  sulphur  ammunition,  Chinese 
and  American  bombs  or  car  track  torpedoes.  Nor  shall  any  person  discharge  within 
the  corporate  limits  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee  any  dynamite  crackers  over  five  inches 
in  length,  blank  cartridge  or  cap  pistols,  blank  cartridges,  iron  and  brass  cannons, 
repeating  canes  for  shooting  potash  and  sulphur  ammunition,  Chinese  and  Ameri- 
can bombs,  nor  car  track  torpedoes. 

Section  2.  Any  person,  firm  or  corporation  who  shall  violate  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance  shall  be  punished  upon  conviction  by  a fine  of  not 
less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  twenty-five  dollars. 

An  ordinance  requiring  all  dogs  running  at  large  to  be  muzzled, 
has  finally,  after  a stormy  and  varied  career,  become  a law.  During  its 
passage  the  measure  met  with  so  much  opposition  from  dog  fanciers  and 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


13 


others  interested  in  the  canine  tribe  that  it  had  to  be  repeatedly  modified 
and  amended  to  secure  its  passage.  Although  the  ordinance  is  not  as 
stringent  as  we  desire  it,  still  it  is  better  than  none  at  all;  it  reads  as 
follows : 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  dogs  to  run  at  large  on  the  public 
streets,  alleys,  public  grounds  or  parks  within  the  city  of  Milwaukee.  A dog 
shall  not  be  deemed  to  be  at  large  if  accompanied  by,  br  under  the  control  of  a 
person. 

Section  2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  police  officer  or  sanitary  inspector 
of  the  health  department  to  apprehend  every  dog  running  at  large  on  the  streets, 
alley,  public  grounds  and  parks  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  and  to  confine  such 
dogs,  when  apprehended,  in  such  place  as  may  be  provided  by  the  commissioner 
of  health. 

Section  3.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Health  Commissioner  to  give  notice 
once  a day  for  a period  of  six  consecutive  days  by  publishing  in  the  official 
papers  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  to  the  effect  that  he  has  confined  and  under  his 
control  a dog,  giving  a description  of  the  same  as  to  size,  color,  breed,  if  known, 
and  sex;  and  that  unless  the  owner  reclaims  such  dog  within  two  days  after  the 
last  day  of  publication  of  the  notice,  and  pays  all  costs  and  charges  for  imprison- 
ing and  keeping  said  dog  at  the  rate  of  $1  per  day,  said  dog  shall  be  disposed  of. 

Section  4.  There  is  hereby  created  the  office  of  pound  keeper,  at  a salary  of 
$50.00  per  month,  to  be  appointed  by  the  commissioner  rf  health,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  care  for  all  dogs  impounded  and  to  assist  him  in  carrying  out  the  provision  of 
section  3 of  this  ordinance. 

Section  5.  The  provisions  of  this  ordinance  shall  not  apply  to  any  dog  wearing 
a proper  muzzle,  which  will  prevent  it  from  biting  or  inflicting  any  injury  upon  any 
person  or  animal . 

Another  very  important  measure  passed  during  the  last  year  was  the 
ordinance  creating  a Bureau  of  Milk  and  Food  Inspection  in  this  depart- 
ment. This  ordinance  provides  regulation,  not  only  for  the  sale  of  milk, 
but  also  of  cream.  It  further  provides  for  cleanly  condition  of  the 
dairies  and  milk  depots,  the  proper  condition  and  care  of  the  cows  and 
stables,  as  well  as  the  health  and  cleanliness  of  all  persons  concerned  in 
the  handling  of  milk  and  cream.  It  also  regulates  the  sale  of  ice  and 
impure  drugs.  The  ordinance  reads  as  follows : 

Section  1.  There  is  hereby  established  a division  of  the  department  of  health 
of  the  city  of  Milwaukee  to  be  known  and  designated  as  the  Bureau  of  Milk  and 
Food)  Inspection,  which  shall  embrace  the  commissioner  of  health,  the  bacteriolo- 
gist of  the  municipal  laboratory,  the  city  chemist  and  the  milk  and  meat  in- 
spectors. 

Section  2.  (Appointments.)  There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  commissioner 
of  health,  from  an  eligible  list  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  civil  service  act 
and  the  rules  of  the  city  service  commission,  a bacteriologist  and  a chemist.  They 
shall  be  persons  skilled  in  the  science  of  analytical  chemistry  and  bacteriology. 

Section  3.  The  bacteriologist  and  the  city  chemist  shall  be  subject  at  all 
times  to  the  control  and  supervision  of  said  commissioner  of  health.  The  bacteri- 


14 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ologist  shall  have  charge  of  the  milk  and  food  division  of  the  department  of 
health,  and  control,  direct,  regulate,  supervise  and  manage  its  operations.  It 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  bacteriologist  and  the  city  chemist  to  make  analyses  and 
examinations  of  milk  and  cream,  meat,  water,  foods,  drugs  and  such  medical 
diagnoses  and  other  examinations  as  may  be  directed  by  the  commissioner  of 
health.  A record  shall  be  kept  of  every  analysis  or  examination  that  may  be 
made,  and  the  bacteriologist  shall  make  an  annual  report  of  the  transactions 
of  his  division  to  the  commissioner  of  health,  with  all  such  data  as  may  be  of 
public  interest. 

Section  4.  (Officer’s  defaults.)  Any  officer  or  employe  of  the  milk  and 
food  division  who  willfully  connives  at  or  assists  in  the  violation  of  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance  shall,  on  conviction  thereof,  be  fined  not  less  than 
one  hundred  dollars  and  at  once  forfeit  his  office. 

Section  5.  (Insignia  of  office — powers.)  The  bacteriologist  of  the  labor- 

atory, the  city  chemist  and  the  inspectors  shall  each,  when  on  duty  outside  of  the 
laboratory,  wear  a metallic  star  inscribed  with  suitable  words,  which  shall  be 
supplied  by  and  be  the  property  of  the  city.  They  shall  each  have  the  power,  on 
demand  therefor,  to  require  the  aid,  assistance  or  presence  of  any  police  officer  or 
sanitary  police  officer  in  the  performance  of  any  duty  enjoined  by  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance,  to  arrest  all  persons  found  violating  any  of  the  terms  or 
provisions  of  this  ordinance,  and  shall  have  full  power  and  perform  all  the  duties 
and  have  all  the  powers  of  policemen,  as  are  now  provided  by  the  laws  and 
ordinances  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee. 

Section  0.  (Milk  vender’s  license — license  fee.)  No  person  or  persons,  firm 
or  corporation,  or  driver  of  any  milk  wagon,  nor  any  servant  or  agent  of  any 
vender  of  milk,  shall  sell  or  offer  for  sale,  dispose  of,  exchange  or  deliver,  or  with 
intent  so  to  do  as  aforesaid,  have  in  his  or  their  possession,  care,  custody  or 
control,  milk  or  cream  for  human  food,  without  first  having  been  licensed  so  to  do. 
Every  milk  or  cream  vender  selling,  offering  for  sale,  exposing  for  sale,  exchange 
or  delivery,  or  disposing  of  same  in  and  from  any  store,  stand,  booth  market  place, 
milk  depot,  warehouse,  dairy,  cow  stable  or  any  building  or  establishment  of  any 
kind  or  in  or  from  any  wagon,  carriage,  or  other  vehicle,  shall  pay  annually  on 
the  first  dlay  of  July  a license  fee  of  one  dollar,  provided,  however,  that  this 
section  shall  not  apply  to  private  persons  who  own  not  more  than  two  cows,  and 
who  shall  sell  milk  therefrom  to  their  neighbors  or  customers  by  peddling  the 
same  by  hand.  When  more  than  one  wagon,  carriage  or  vehicle  is  used,  from 
which  milk  or  cream  is  sold  or  offered  for  sale,  there  shall  be  paid  at  the  same 
time  and  in  like  manner,  as  hereinbefore  provided,  for  each  such  additional  wagon, 
carriage  or  other  vehicle,  the  sum  of  one  dollar.  If  any  person  or  persons,  firm 
or  corporation  shall  commence  to  engage  in  the  traffic  of  handling  milk  or  cream, 
at  periods  other  than  those  hereinbefore  mentioned1,  he  or  they  shall  before  doing 
so  procure  the  license  in  their  case  required,  which  license,  so  issued,  as  well 
as  other  licenses  and  certificates  herein  required,  which  license,  so  issued,  as  end- 
ing the  30th  day  of  June  following  the  issuance  and  delivery  thereof.  Every  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  violating  this  section  or  any  of  its  provisions  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof  be  fined  not  less  than 
five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense.  All  licenses 
granted  pursuant  to  this  ordinance  may  at  any  time  be  revoked  by  the  commis- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


15 


sioner  of  health  for  violation  of  the  provisions  hereof,  or  for  any  good  and  suf- 
ficient cause. 

Section  7.  (License  application  and  issue  of.)  Licenses  shall  be  issued  in 
the  name  of  the  applicants  therefor.  Before  the  issuance  of  the  license  every 
vender  of  milk  and  cream  shall  make  written  application  therefor,  on  a printed 
form  provided  for  that  purpose  by  the  commissioner  of  health,  on  which  shall  be 
stated:  First,  the  name  or  names  in  full,  and  residence  and  location  of  the  place 

or  places  of  business  of  the  applicant.  If  a corporation,  the  names  of  the  officers 
and  managers  shall  be  given  in  full.  Second,  the  number  of  cows,  if  any,  owned 
or  controlled  by  the  applicant.  Third,  the  number  of  wagons  or  vehicles  used 
by  the  applicant  in  the  milk  and  cream  business.  Fourth  if,  after  t)he  issuance 
and  delivery  of  the  license,  any  change  be  made  in  the  location  of  the  place  of 
business  of  such  licensee,  notice  thereof  must  forthwith  be  given  to  the  commis- 
sioner of  health.  And  all  persons  licensed  under  this  ordinance  shall  immediately 
post  his  or  their  license  or  licenses'  upon  some  conspicuous  part  of  the  room  or 
office  in  which  the  business  is  carried  on,  and  same  shall  remain  posted  under  a 
penalty  of  not  less  than  ten  dollars  for  each  day  said  license  remains  unposted, 
as  provided  in  this  section. 

Section  8.  (Vehicle  sign.)  Each  vender  of  milk,  shall,  before  engaging  in 
the  sale  of  milk  or  cream,  cause  his,  or  her  or  their  name  or  names  and  place  of 
business  to  be  legally  placed  and  to  remain  in  letters  not  less  than  six  inches  in 
height  on  each  outer  side  of  all  wagons,  carriages  or  other  vehicles  used  by  said 
vender  in  the  conveyance  of  milk  or  cream.  Violations  of  this  section  shall  be 
deemed  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof  said  licensee,  or  any  driver  of 
such  milk  wagon,  or  any  servant  or  agent  of  said  licensee,  shall  be  fined  not  less 
than  five  dollars,  nor  more  than  fiftydollarsfor  each  and  every  offense. 

Section  9.  (Vehicle  license  plates.)  No  milk  or  cream  shall  be  sold,  offered 
for  sale,  exposed  for  sale,  exchanged,  delivered,  transported,  conveyed  or  carried 
on  any  wagon,  carriage  or  other  vehicle  unless  the  owner  or  owners  thereof 
shall  first  obtain  from  the  commissioner  of  health  two  painted  metal  plates  eight 
inches  long  and  four  inches  wide,  on  which  shall  be  stamped  the  number  corres- 
ponding to  the  license  number  and  also  the  words  “Milwaukee”  and  “Milk,”  to- 
gether with  the  year  for  which  the  licensp  is  issued,  which  plates  said  licensed 
owner  or  owners  shall  cause  to  be  securely  fastened  on  the  outside  of  each  side 
of  the  box  of  his  vehicle  so  licensed.  Any  person  or  persons,  firm  or  corporation, 
or  any  driver  of  any  milk  wagon,  or  any  person,  servant  or  agent  of  any  person 
found  violating  this  section  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and  on  con- 
viction thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a fine  of  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more 
than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Section  10.  (Vehicle,  vessels,  premises,  etc. — cleanliness.)  All  cans,  vessels 
and  receptacles  used  in  the  handling  of  milk  and  cream,  as  well  as  all  packages, 
refrigerators  or  compartments  or  stores,  or  other  places  where  milk  or  cream  is 
kept,  stored  or  handled,  shall  be  kept  and  maintained  scrupulously  neat  and  clean, 
and  shall  be  kept  free  from  the  presence  or  vicinity  of  any  article  of  any  kind 
likely  to  contaminate  or  injuriously  affect  the  quality  or  sweetness  of  the  milk 
and  cream.  All  cans,  vessels  and  receptacles  in  which  milk  or  cream  is  kept  shall 
be  sterilized  with  boiling  water,  or  live  steam,  each  time  they  are  used,  and  all 
pouring  cans,  dippers  or  other  vessels  used  in  peddling  milk  or  cream  shall  be 


16 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


scalded  or  sterilized  daily,  and  all  bottles  in  which  milk  is  distributed  shall  be 
washed  clean  and  sterilized  each  time  they  are  used.  Shippers’  cans  shall  not 
be  used  for  the  storage  of  milk  by  the  consumer,  but  must  be  returned  to  the 
shipper  or  owner  clean  and  dry,  within  thirty-six  hours  after  the  dealer  shall 
have  received  the  same.  Any  person  violating  any  provisions  of  this  section 
shall  be  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished 
by  a fine  of  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and 
every  offense. 

Section  11.  (Inspection — resistance.)  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  bacteriol- 
ogist (either  in  person  or  by  one  or  more  of  the  said  inspectors)  to  visit,  view 
and  inspect  all  places  and  vehicles  in  which  milk  and  cream  may  be  sold,  offered 
for  sale,  exposed  for  sale,  stored,  kept,  exchanged,  delivered  or  disposed  of,  as 
well  as  to  inspect,  view  and  examine  all  vessels,  cans,  receptacles,  packages,  re- 
frigerators or  compartments  of  any  store  or  building,  platforms,  establishments 
or  places  of  any  kind  containing  milk  or  cream  and  ascertain  or  examine  the 
condition  thereof  with  reference  to  cleanliness  and  sanitation,  and  they  are  auth- 
orized, directed  and1  empowered  to  cause  the  removal  and  abatement  of  any  unfit, 
unclean  or  injurious  condition  attending  the  keeping,  storing  or  possession,  care, 
custody  or  control  of  milk  or  cream  at  and  in  all  such  places.  Any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  who  fails,  neglects,  delays,  or  refuses  to  obey  or  conform  to  any 
reasonable  order  or  direction  under  this  section, madebytheproperoffieer,owhiETA 
reasonable  order  or  direction  under  this  section,  made  by  the  proper  officer,  or 
who  in  any  way  hinders  said  officer  or  inspectors,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars. 

Section  12.  (Power  of  entry.)  The  commissioner  of  health,  bacteriologist, 
inspector  and  sanitary  police  officer  delegated,  directed  or  instructed  to  act  therein, 
shall  have  the  right  and  it  shall  be  their  duty,  to  enter  and  have  full  access, 
ingress  and  egress  to  any  warehouse,  place  of  business,  factory  building,  farm 
stable,  railroad  depot,  platform,  establishment  and  place  of  any  kind  where 
milk  is  stored  or  kept  for  sale,  and  have  the  right  of  access  to  all  wagons,  car- 
riages or  other  vehicles,  railroad  cars  or  other  conveyances  of  any  kind  used 
for  the  conveyance,  transportation  or  dlelivery  of  milk,  and  to  any  place  where 
they  believe  milk  or  cream  is  stored  or  kept  for  sale,  and  to  take  samples  of 
milk  therefrom,  such  samples  not  to  exceed  one  quart  each,  for  the  purpose 
of  inspecting,  testing,  or  analyzing  the  same.  Any  person,  firm  or  corporation 
failing,  neglecting,  delaying  or  refusing  to  obey  or  conform  to  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor  and  fined  not  less  than 
five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  offense. 

Sec.  13.  (Samples — test. ) All  samples  of  milk  or  cream  or  other  foods, 
liquids  and  drugs  herein  described,  taken  or  brought  to  the  office  of  the  depart- 
ment of  health  by  the  officers  thereof,  or  by  any  other  person,  shall  be  analyzed 
or  otherwise  satisfactorily  tested,  and  wherever  and  whenever  said  milk  or  cream, 
or  other  food,  liquid  or  drugs,  so  tested  or  analyzed  shall  be  found  violative  of  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance,  the  necessary  steps  shall  be  taken  for  a prosecu- 
tion for  a violation  thereof.  The  analysis  or  test  herein,  required  may  be  made 
with  such  instruments,  apparatus,  chemicals  or  other  articles  used  in  the  art 
for  that  purpose  to  such  extent  as  may  be,  by  the  commissioner  of  health  dr 
bacteriologist,  deemed  necessary. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


17 


Sec.  14.  (Chemical  and  bacteriological  laboratory.)  It  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  department  of  health  to  establish  and  construct  a chemical  and  bac- 
teriological laboratory  for  the  analysis  and  examination  and  testing  of  water, 
ice,  drugs  and  all  food  products  and  for  the  detection  of  all  adulterations  of 
any  of  the  articles  herein  mentioned  kept  to  be  sold,  vended,  disposed  of  or  of- 
fered for  sale  within  the  city  of  Milwaukee.  The  inspection  of  food  products, 
ice,  water  and  drugs  shall  as  far  as  possible  be  conducted  in  the  same  manner 
as  provided  in  this  ordinance  for  the  inspection  and  examination  of  milk,  and  all 
the  provisions  hereof,  so  far  as  applicable,  shall  be  held  to  apply  to  the  inspec- 
tion and  examination  of  food  products,  water,  ice  and  drugs,  and  the  commis- 
sioner of  health  shall  make  such  other  and  further  provisions  for  the  regulation 
of  said  business  as  shall  be  necessary  and  desirable  for  the  conduct  of  the  same. 

Sec.  15.  (Impure  or  adulterated  ice,  water,  drugs  or  food.)  Any  person, 
firm,  company  or  corporation,  or  any  agent  or  employe  thereof,  who  shall  keep 
for  sale,  offer  for  sale,  or  exchange,  or,  shall  sell  or  deliver  or  expose  for  sale 
any  drugs  not  conforming  to  the  rules  and  standards  of  the  United  States 
pharmaeopoea,  or  any  water,  liquids,  ice,  or  human  food  which  shall  be  impure, 
unwholesome,  adulterated,  or  to  which  any  harmful  or  injurious  foreign  sub- 
stance has  been  addled  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and,  on  con- 
viction thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hun- 
dred dollars,  and  for  a subsequent  offense  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  nor  more 
than  two  hundred  dollars. 

Sec.  16.  (Mixtures  prohibited  and  vessels  marked.)  Mixture  of  any  two 
or  jnore  of  the  following  articles  of  human  food,  whole  milk,  skimmed  milk, 
cream,  condensed  milk  and  buttermilk,  is  hereby  prohibited,  and  each  can  or 
vessel  containing  any  one  of  the  above  named  articles  shall  have  painted  on  two 
sides  thereof,  in  plain,  black  letters,  not  less  than  three  inches  in  height,  and 
not  less  than  six  inches  from  the  top  of  the  can  or  vessel  containing  such  articles, 
the  name  of  the  article  therein  contained,  provided,  however,  that  that  part  of 
the  section  which  applies  to  having  the  name  of  the  article  painted  on  the 
vessel  containing  the  same,  shall  not  apply  to  such  articles  sold  in  bottles.  In 
such  cases,  the  name  of  any  of  said  articles  when  sold  in  bottles  shall  be  clearly 
and  legibly  marked  on  the  cap  closing  such  bottles.  Any  person  or  persons,  firm 
or  corporation  in  whose  possession  any  of  the  above  enumerated  articles  are 
found  in  cans  or  vessels  not  properly  marked,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  five 
dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  17.  (Milk  test.)  No  milk  shall  be  kept,  sold  or  offered  for  sale, 
stored,  exchanged,  transported,  conveyed,  carried  or  delivered,  or  with  such 
intent  as  aforesaid,  be  in  the  care,  custody,  control  or  possession  of  anyone,  if 
it  contains  more  than  88  per  cent,  of  water  fluids,  or  less  than  12  per  cent, 
of  total  solids,  of  which  total  solids  3 per  cent,  shall  be  butter  fat,  or  if  it 
contains  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  bacteria  to  the  cubic 
centimeter.  Offenders  under  this  section  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misde- 
meanor, and,  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor 
more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  18.  (Cream  test.)  No  cream  shall  be  sold,  offered  for  sale,  ex- 
changed, delivered  or  transported  or  carried  for  the  purpose  of  sale,  offering 
for  sale,  exchange  or  delivery,  that  contains  less  than  eighteen  per  centum  of 


18 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


butter  fat.  Offenders  under  this  section  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misde- 
meanor, and,  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor 
more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  19.  (Skimmed  milk — penalty.)  Any  vender  of  milk  or  cream,  or  any 
d'river,  servant,  or  agent  of  such  vender,  who  shall  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee 
offer  for  sale  any  milk  from  which  the  cream  or  any  part  thereof  shall  have 
been  taken,  shall  offer  for  sale  and  sell  the  same  as  skimmed  milk  and  not  other- 
wise, and  no  vender  of  milk,  and  no  driver,  servant  or  agent  of  such  vender, 
shall  offer  for  sale,  or  sell  or  have  in  his  custody,  possession  or  control,  with  in- 
tent to  sell  or  deliver,  any  such  milk  from  which  the  cream  or  any  part  thereof 
shall  have  been  taken,  unless  the  can,  vessel,  package  or  receptacle  of  any  kind 
containing  such  milk  shall  be  kept  painted  bright  red  and  shall  have  painted 
on  two  sides  thereof  in  plain,  black  letters,  not  less  than  three  inches  in 
height,  and)  not  less  than  six  inches  from  the  top  of  said1  can  or.  other  vessel 
the  words  “Skimmed  Milk,”  and  no  skimmed  milk  shall  be  sold  containing  less 
than  8.5  per  cent,  total  solids  other  than  butter  fat.  Any  person  violating 
this  section  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  there- 
of shall  be  punished  by  a fine  of  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty 
dollars. 

Sec.  20.  (Impure,  diluted  or  adulterated!  milk.)  Whoever,  by  himself, 
or  by  his  servant  or  agent,  employe  or  milk  wagon  driver,  or  as  servant,  agent 
or  employe  or  milk  wagon  driver  of  any  other  person,  firm  or  corporation,  sells, 
offers  for  sale  or  exchange  or  who  delivers,  transports  or  carries  for  the  purpose, 
of  sale,  exchange  or  delivery,  or  has  in  his  custody,  possession,  care  or  control, 
with  intent  to  sell  or  offer  for  sale,  exchange  or  delivery,  or  exposes  or  offers  for 
sale,  exchange,  transportation  or  delivery,  any  milk  or  cream  or  skimmed  milk  for 
human  food  which  is  unclean,  diluted,  impure,  unhealthy,  diseased,  unwhole- 
some, adulterated]  or  not  of  the  standard  of  good  quality  provided  for  by  this 
ordinance  or  milk  or  cream  or  skimmed  milk  to  which  water  or  any  other 
foreign  substance  has  been  added,  or  any  skimmed  milk  in  violation  of  this 
ordinance,  or  milk  or  cream  produced  from  sick  or  diseased  cows,  or  milk  or 
cream  produced  from  cows  kept  in  an  unclean,  filthy  or  unhealthy  condition,  or 
milk  or  cream  from  cows  fed  on  the  refuse  or  slops  from  distilleries  or  vinegar 
factories,  unless  such  refuse  or  slops  be  mixed  with  other  dry,  sanitary  grain 
or  food  to  a consistency  of  thick  mush,  or  any  other  than  good  and  wholesome 
food  or  milk  or  cream  that  has  been  exposed  or  contaminated — or  affected  by 
food,  o milk  or  cream  that  has  been  exposed  or  contaminated1 — or  affected  by 
the  emanations,  discharges  or  exhalations  from  any  human  beings  or  animals 
sick  with  any  contagious  or  infectious  diseases  by  which  the  health  or  life  of 
any  person  may  be  endangered,  compromised  or  in  any  way  affected,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  for  the  first 
offense  be  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars; 
and  for  each  subsequent  offense  be  fined  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  nor  more  than 
two  hundred  dollars. 

Sec.  21.  (Adulteration  or  dilution.)  Any  person  who  shall  adulterate 
milk  or  cream  or  reduce  or  change  it  in  any  respect  by  the  addition  of  water, 
or  any  foreign  substance,  or  by  the  removal  of  cream  therefrom,  with  a view 
of  selling,  or  offering  the  same  for  sale,  or  exchange,  shall  be  deemed  guilty 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


19 


of  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof  be  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars 
nor  more  than  two  hundred  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  22.  (Foreign  substances  contained.)  Any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion who  shall  sell,  offer  for  sale,  expose  for  sale,  exchange,  deliver,  dispose  of 
or  transport,  convey  or  carry  with  any  such  intent  as  aforesaid  or  have  in 
his  or  tlieir  care,  custody,  control  or  possession,  any  milk  or  cream  having 
therein  or  containing  any  foreign  substance  of  any  kind  whatever,  or  coloring 
matter,  or  any  adulterations  or  preservatives,  whether  for  the  purpose  of  arti- 
ficially increasing  the  quantity  of  milk  or  cream  or  for  preserving  the  sweetness 
thereof,  or  for  any  purpose  whatever,  or  any  person,  firm,  company  or  corpora- 
tion, or  any  servant  or  agent  of  such  person,  firm  or  corporation  who  shall 
sell  or  offer  for  sale  for  use  in  milk  or  cream,  or  have  in  their  possession,  care, 
custody  or  control,  for  the  purpose  of  doing  as  aforesaid,  any  preservative,  col- 
oring matter  or  other  adulterations,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor, 
and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  nor  more 
than  two  hundred  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  23.  (Condensed  or  evaporated  milk.)  No  person  shall  manufacture, 
sell  or  offer  for  sale  any  condensed  or  evaporated  milk  for  domestic  use,  unless 
the  same  shall  be  put  up  in  packages  or  cans  upon  which  shall  be  distinctly 
labeled  or  stamped  the  name  or  brand,  by  whom  or  under  which  the  same  is 
made.  No  condensed  or  evaporated  milk  shall  be  made,  sold  or  offered  for 
sale,  exchanged  or  delivered  for  domestic  use,  unless  the  same  is  manufactured 
from  pure,  clean,  healthy,  fresh,  unadulterated,  wholesome  milk,  from  which 
the  cream  has  not  been  removed,  or  unless  the  proportion  of  milk  solids  and 
butter  fat  contained  in  the  condensed  or  evaporated  milk  shall  in  amount  be 
the  equivalent  of  milk  solids  and  butter  fat  as  provided  by  this  ordinance. 

For  any  violation  of  this  section  the  offender  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars  for 
each  and  every  offense. 

Nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  to  prevent  the  addition  of  can  sugar  in 
the  manufacture  of  condensed  or  evaporated  milk. 

Sec.  24.  (Confiscation  of  impure  milk.)  All  milk  and  cream  from  sick 
and  diseased  cows,  or  cows  fed  on  refuse  or  slops  from  distilleries,  or  vinegar 
factories,  unless  such  refuse  or  slops  be  mixed  with  other  dry  sanitary  grain 
or  food  to  a consistency  of  a thick  mush,  or  other  than  good,  wholesome  food; 
or  milk  that  is  dangerous  or  that  may  affect  or  be  detrimental  to  life  or 
health,  or  that  has  been  adulterated  or  is  below  the  standard  fixed  by  section 
17  of  this  ordinance,  shall  upon  discovery  thereof  be  confiscated,  forfeited  and 
immediately  destroyed  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the  commissioner  of  health, 
bacteriologist,  or  officer  detailed,  who  shall,  if  done  in  good  faith,  be  held  harm- 
less in  damage  therefor,  in  any  suit  or  demand  made. 

Sec.  25.  (Buttermilk.)  Nothing  in  this  ordinance  shall  be  so  construed 
as  to  prohibit  the  use  or  sale  of  what  is  known  as  buttermilk,  provided  the 
same  is  produced  from  pure  and  wholesome  milk.  Should  any  such  buttermilk, 
however,  be  sold,  kept,  offered,  or  exposed  for  sale,  exchanged  or  transported, 
conveyed  or  carried,  or  be  in  the  care,  custody,  control  or  possession  of  any- 
one, with  the  intent  as  aforesaid,  which  is  not  the  product  of  pure  and  whole- 
some milk,  or  which  is  unclean,  impure  or  adulterated,  the  offender  shall  be 


20 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


deemed  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not 
less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  26.  (Hotel  keeper,  restaurant,  etc.)  Every  hotel  keeper,  restaurant 
keeper  or  boarding  house  keeper  who  furnishes  milk  or  cream  to  his  or  their 
guests  or  boarders,  shall  be  in  all  respects  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance,  saving  and  excepting  the  obtaining  of  a license. 

Sec.  27.  All  cow  stables  shall  be  thoroughly  cleaned  daily  and  shall  at 
all  times  be  kept  in  a sanitary  condition,  and  no  manure  shall  be  allowed  to 
remain  in  or  near  the  stable  or  where  the  milking  is  done.  And  it  is  hereby 
made  the  duty  of  the  commissioner  of  health  to  cause  all  cow  stables  in  the 
city  of  Milwaukee  to  be  inspected  from  time  to  time,  and  he  may,  in  his  discre- 
tion, inspect  or  cause  to  be  inspected  all  the  cow  stables  connected  with  dairies 
located  outside  the  city  of  Milwaukee  that  are  shipping  milk  into  the  city  of 
Milwaukee,  as  to  their  sanitary  condition,  and  if  it  is  found  that  said  stables 
and  dairies  are  not  kept  in  condition  conforming  with  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance  he  may  refuse  to  allow  the  milk  and  cream  from  such  dairies  to  be 
shipped  or  sold  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee;  and  upon  notice  no  dealer  shall 
accept  or  receive  milk  or  cream  from  suck  dairy.  Any  violation  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  shall  be  deemed  a misdemeanor,  and  any  person  found 
guilty,  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  five  nor  more  than 
one  hundred  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  28.  (Sick  or  diseased  cowsi — slaughter.)  If  any  cow  be  sick  or  dis- 

eased, the  owner,  or  person  in  charge  thereof  shall  not  sell,  offer  for  sale,  ex- 
change, deliver  or  keep,  or  expose  for  sale,  exchange  or  delivery,  the  milk  or 
cream  therefrom,  but  shall  at  once  destroy  the  same.  If,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
commissioner  of  health,  bacteriologist,  or  any  inspector,  any  cow  is  afflicted 
with  a contagious  or  infectious  disease,  he  shall  direct  the  owner  or  person  in 
charge  thereof  to  forthwith  remove  said  cow  from  the  premises  to  a place  where 
it  may  not  spread  or  cause  contagion  or  infection.  A violation  of  this  section 
shall  be  deemed  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof,  the  offender  shall  be 
fined  not  less  than  twenty-five  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars.  If 
said  cow  is  by  the  commissioner  of  health  or  bacteriologist  deemed  incurable, 
anjd  the  owner  or  person  in  charge  tfhereof  does  not  consent  to  its  being 
killed!,  said  commissioner  of  health  or  bacteriologist  shall  forthwith  notify  the 
State  Veterinarian. 

Sec.  29.  (Parturition  of  cow.)  No  milk  or  cream  shall  be  sold,  kept, 
offered  or  exposed  for  sale,  stored,  transported,  exchanged,  carried,  delivered, 
or  in  any  manner  disposed  of  drawn  from  cows  within  fifteen  days  before  and 
twelve  days  after  parturition  nor  shall  the  same  be  mixed  with  any  other  milk 
or  cream  for  such  purposes.  Anyone  so  offending  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  five  dollars 
nor  more  than  fifty  dollars  for  each  and  every  offense. 

Sec.  30.  (Dairy,  refuse  matter,  offal.)  All  persons,  firms  or  corpora- 
tions who  own  or  keep  a dairy  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee  shall  maintain  the 
premises  thereof  free  from  any  accumulation  of  refuse  matter  or  offal,  which 
shall  be  removed  frequently,  so  as  not  to  endanger  the  public  health.  Any  per- 
son or  persons,  firm  or  corporation  failing  to  comply  with  this  section  shall 
be  subject  to  a fine  of  not  less  than  five  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


21 


Sec.  31.  (License  fees  and  moneys  collected.)  All  fees  provided  for  in  this 
ordinance  and  all  moneys  collected  under  the  provisions  thereof,  shall  be  duly 
paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee. 

Sec.  32.  All  ordinances  or  parts  of  ordinances  contravening  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  33.  This  ordinance  shall  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage  and 
publication. 

Amended  by  an  ordinance  passed  June  26,  1905,  entitled: 

AN  ORDINANCE  to  amend  an  ordinance  entitled  “An  ordinance  to  amend 
chapter  15  of  ‘An  ordinance  to  revise,  consolidate  and  amend  the  general  ordi- 
nances of  the  City  of  Milwaukee,’  passed  June  8th,  1896,  and  to  create  the  Bureau 
of  Milk  and  Food  Inspection  of  the  Health  Department,”  passed  October  31, 
1904,  as  amended  by  an  ordinance  passed  February  6th,  1905,  entitled  “An 
ordinance  to  amend  section  6 of  an  ordinance  passed'  October  31st,  1904,  amend- 
ing chapter  15  of  ‘An  ordinance  to  revise,  consolidate  and  amend  the  general 
ordinances  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee,’  passed  June  8th,  1896,  and  to  create  the 
Bureau  of  Milk  and  Food!  Inspection  of  the  Health  Department,”  by  providing 
for  a term  of  imprisonment  in  the  event  of  a failure  of  the  person  arrested  to 
pay  the  fine  provided  by  the  several  sections  of  said  ordinance,  so  amended. 

The  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee  do  ordain  as  follows: 

Section  1.  In  all  cases  of  conviction  for  the  violation  of  any  of  the  several 
sections  of  the  ordinance  recited  in  the  title  hereto1,  the  imprisonment  of  the 
person  or  persons  so  convicted,  in  case  of  non-payment  of  any  penalty,  shall  be 
in  the  County  Jail  or  House  of  Correction  of  Milwaukee  County  for  the  term  of 
not  less  than  one  week  nor  more  than  ninety  days,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Kespectfully  submitted, 

F.  M.  SCHULZ,  M.  D., 

Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 


OF 

CITY  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1. 


2 a 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1. 


F.  M.  Schulz , M.  D .,  Commissioner  of  Health  : 

Dear  Sir — I herewith  submit  a report  of  the  patients  treated  for 
variola  at  the  Isolation  Hospital  No.  1,  during  the  year  ending  December 


31,  1904. 

Number  of  patients  admitted  to  the  hospital 386 

Number  of  relatives  accompanying  patients 66 

Number  of  patients  never  vaccinated 240 

Number  of  patients  unsuccessfully  vaccinated 127 

Number  of  patients  successfully  vaccinated 19 

Number  of  deaths 0 

Number  of  patients  under  fifteen  years  of  age 216 

Number  of  patients  from  fifteen  to  twenty- five 99 

Number  of  patients  from  twenty-five  to  fifty 39 

Number  of  patients  over  fifty 32 

Number  of  female  patients 206 

Number  of  male  patients...: 180 

Number  of  days  of  treatment 5,527 

Average  number  of  days  of  treatment  per  patient 14  1-3 


The  number  of  patients  treated  was  more  than  double  that  of  last 
year,  but  the  disease  continued  in  a mild  form  and  there  were  no  deaths. 

The  disease  reached  its  height  in  point  of  numbers  during  the  fall 
and  winter — November,  December  and  January  contributing  over  55$ 
of  the  total  number  of  cases  for  the  year,  and  its  lowest  point  in  August, 
when  only  four  patients  were  admitted. 

In  the  matter  of  distribution  the  disease  was  quite  general  throughout 
the  city,  no  section  escaping  entirely;  but,  as  noted  last  year,  no  cases 
developed  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  isolation  hospital. 

The  disease  was  most  prevalent  among  children,  55 $ of  the  patients 
being  under  fifteen  years  of  age. 

The  record  of  the  past  year  emphasizes  more  forcibly  than  ever  the 
value  of  vaccination  in  protecting  against  small-pox. 

Only  nineteen  patients,  or  less  than  5 $ of  the  total  number  admitted 
to  the  hospital  during  the  year  had  ever  been  successfully  vaccinated,  and 
among  these  the  disease  was  so  mild  as  to  be  scarcely  an  inconvenience. 

The  great  increase  in  the  number  of  cases  of  small-pox  over  last  year, 
over  100$,  in  spite  of  the  most  energetic  and  painstaking  effort  of  the 
department  officials,  evidences  the  difficulty  of  effectually  controlling  the 
disease  under  existing  conditions.  So  long  as  there  remains  in  our  midst 
a large  class  of  unvaccinated  persons  for  the  disease  to  feed  upon,  and 

25 


26 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


citizens  fail  to  cooperate  with  the  department  by  promptly  calling  upon 
plrysicians  in  all  suspicions  cases,  or  reporting  such  cases  to  the  proper 
officials,  so  long  will  there  be  small-pox  and  so  long  will  this  city  be  at 
the  mercy  of  every  infected  district  in  this  and  adjoining  states. 

I cannot  allow  this  opportunity  to  pass  without  again  urging  the 
necessity  of  haste  in  remodeling  the  hospital,  so  that  we  may  be  able  to 
properly  care  for  the  increase  in  patients  which  the  advent  of  cold  weather 
must  certainly  bring. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

CHAS.  J.  COFFEY,  M.  D., 

Attending  Physician. 


REPORT 

OF 

CITY  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2. 


27 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2. 


F.  M.  Schulz,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir — I herewith  submit  a report  of  the  cases  treated  at  Isolation  Hos- 
pital No.  2 for  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1904.  The  large  increase  over 
the  previous  year  in  the  number  of  patients  treated,  shows,  I think,  that 
the  medical  profession  appreciate  the  good  work  the  department  is  doing 
in  endeavoring  to  check  the  spread  of  contagious  diseases;  more  physi- 
cians are  taking  advantage  of  the  hospital  facilities  in  this  class  of 
diseases,  and  I feel  that,  with  a modern,  well-equiped  hospital  building, 
which  the  city  badly  needs,  the  number  of  contagious  cases  as  well  as  the 
death  rate  from  same  would  be  materially  lessened. 

Very  respectfully  yours , 

JAMES  H.  HACKETT,  M.  D., 

Attending  Physician. 

Following  is  a list  of  cases,  diseases  and  deaths  of  patients  treated  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  2,  for  the  year  ending  Jan.  1,  1905 : 


MONTH. 

Scarlatina 

Diphtheria 

Measles 

Erysipelas 

No. 

Cases 

Deaths 

No. 

Cases 

Deaths 

No- 

Cases 

Deaths 

No. 

Oases 

Deaths 

January 

6 

0 

3 

0 

3 

0 

2 

1 

February  

15 

2 

5 

1 

*3 

0 

2 

1 

March 

6 

0 

6 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

April 

14 

1 

4 

1 

2 

0 

2 

0 

May 

10 

3 

3 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

June 

3 

0 

1 

0 

3 

0 

2 

0 

July 

3 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

August . 

3 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

September 

6 

0 

2 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

October 

8 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

November 

9 

14 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

December 

15 

0 

9 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

Total  cases 

97 

6 

55 

5 

19 

0 

14 

1 

Total  No.  Patients 185 

Total  No.  Deaths 12 

Total  No.  Days  Treatment 2946 


29 


REPORT 

OF 

CITY  BACTERIOLOGIST  AND 
CHEMIST, 


31 


REPORT  OF  CITY  BACTERIOLOGIST 
AND  CHEMIST. 


F.  M.  Schulz , M.  D.}  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Dear  Sir — I submit  herewith  the  report  of  your  analyst  and  his 
assistants,  of  the  work  performed  in  the  department  chemical  and  bacter- 
iological laboratories,  during  the  past  year,  ending  Jan.  1,  1905. 

During  the  year  there  has  been  a very  decided  increase  in  the  number 
of  specimens  examined  and  the  variety  of  investigations  undertaken  and 
incorporated  into  the  routine  of  the  laboratory  work. 

The  chemical  laboratory  has  been  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Henry  Schulz,  to  whose  careful  and  excellent  work  is  due  the  im- 
provement and  extension  of  the  work  in  this  department. 

As  heretofore  the  major  portion  of  our  time  has  been  devoted  to  the 
water  and  milk,  and  general  food  analyses  have  been,  because  of  want  of 
help  and  press  of  other  things,  left  for  the  State  Dairy  and  Food  Com- 
mission. As  a result  of  the  close  surveillance  of  the  milk  supply  of  the 
city  the  report  shows  the  improvement  that  has  been  made.  While  our 
routine  examinations  do  not  look  especially  and  particularly  to  the  pro- 
duction of  a sanitary  product  since  they  are  confined  to  a determination 
of  fats,  total  solids  and  the  detection  of  preservatives,  it  must  be  noted 
that  on  the  whole  the  milk  now  consumed  in  the  city  is  a more  cleanly 
and  more  wholesome  product  than  has  ever  before  been  furnished. 

The  work  of  the  sanitary  and  milk  inspectors  in  visiting  and  examing 
conditions  at  the  dairies  has  been  proceeded  with,  and  the  product  of  the 
first  handlers  is  much  improved  in  consequence.  Inspectors  Harry  Kiehl 
and  James  Cunningham  have  endeavored  to  educate  the  dairymen  as  to 
feeding  and  care  of  cattle  and  handling  of  the  milk,  and  have  succeeded 
in  establishing  a more  intelligent  and  careful  management  of  the  milk, 
in  that  we  obtain  a better  and  more  sanitary  product. 

The  city’s  water  supply  continues  as  heretofore,  quite  excellent.  No 
epidemics  and  only  a few  scattered  cases  of  water-born  diseases  have 
occured  in  our  city  during  the  past  year. 

There  are  still  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  city  a number  of 
wells,  most  of  which  wield  a water  more  or  less  polluted.  We  would  urge 
that  these  be  condemned  and  filled,  and  the  city  water  substituted. 

In  the  bacteriological  laboratory  the  increase  in  the  number  of  exam- 


33 


34 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


illations  made  is  very  marked,  there  being  an  increase  of  nearly  75$  over 
the  examinations  of  1903.  However,  we  are  not  content,  and  would  urge 
the  profession  to  make  more  general  nse  of  the  department  laboratory. 

The  small  epidemic  of  hydrophobia  which  prevailed  in  onr  city  during 
the  last  months  of  1903  and  the  early  part  of  1904  was,  in  consequence 
of  an  ordinance  requiring  the  muzzling  of  dogs,  stamped  out,  and  during 
the  last  half  of  the  year  no  cases  were  reported. 

During  the  year  several  cases  of  trichinosis  were  reported  in  your 
department  and  in  the  laboratories  the  diagnosis  were  confirmed,  both  by 
finding  the  trichinae  in  the  muscles  of  a human  being,  post  mortem,  and 
upon  examination  of  pork.  It  seems  that  a more  thorough  and  extensive 
examination  of  pork  should  be  instituted,  and  inspected  meats  be  labeled 
so  as  to  avoid  a repitition  of  this  calamity. 

At  your  suggestion  the  ice  supply  of  the  city  was  brought  under  ex- 
amination to  determine  whether  it  was  capable  of  exciting  typhoid  or 
typhoidal  diseases.  While  the  investigation  was  not  exhaustive,  it  demon- 
strated the  fact  that  our  ice  supply  is  potable  and  free  from  any  gross, 
pollution  which  might  cause  disease.  The  tabulated  reports  follow : 


ICE  ANALYSES. 


Sample 

No. 

Nitrates. 

Nitrites. 

Chloride. 

Free 

Ammonia. 

Alb. 

Ammonia. 

Oxygen. 

Consumed. 

Bacteria. 
Per  cc._ 

1 

0.3 

.27 

432 

2 

CO 

O 

.17 

877 

3 

0.2 

.09 

414 

4 

0.2 

.13 

121 

5 

0.2 

.22 

168 

6 

0.05 

.04 

67 

7 

0.2 

.14 

100 

8 

0.2 

.06 

0.15 

.25 

711 

9 

0.2 

.048 

.025 

O 

OO 

118 

9 

0.2 

.048 

.025 

.08 

18 

10 

0.4 

.012 

.01 

.12 

136 

11 

0.2 

.016 

.008 

.08 

150 

12 

0.3 

.013 

.02 

.10 

910 

13 

Trace. 

0.7 

.032 

.018 

OO 

o 

760 

BACTERIOLOGICAL  AND  MICROSCOPICAL  EXAMINATIONS. 

1901.  1902.  1903.  1904. 


Diphtheria  382  384  383  329- 

Sputum  117  292  323  414 

Blood  (Widal  test)  81  56  07  291 

Miscellaneous  106  39  82  327 


686 


711 


925 


1561 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


35 


CHEMICAL  ANALYSES  FOR  YEAR.  BY  MONTHS. 


January. 

February. 

March. 

[ 

May. 

June. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Totals. 

Milk  

1 

i 60S 

i 

1 ! 

1 586  i 
1 1 

1 1 

626  i 

I 1 

569  I 

1 

579  1 

i 

494 

397  i 

1 456  | 

i 

521 

515 

393  | 

378  | 

6182: 

Cream  

1 

1 266 

1 1 
1 125  | 

262 

| 

249  1 

1 

216  1 
i 

253 

224 

221 

249 

213 

266 

244 

2788: 

City  Water — 

1 

1 

1 

2 1 

1 1 
1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

13: 

Well  Water... 

I 

9 

1 i 

4 

1 

2 

9 ! 

1 

6 1 
l 

6 

15 

6 

5 

5 

7 

74* 

Ice  Water 

I 1 

1 





1 

1 

| 

11 

1 

2 

15 

Miscellaneous 

5 

14  1 
1 

2 

*1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

31 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


30 

TABLE  SHOWING  NUMBER  AND  KINDS  OF  MISCELLANEOUS 
EXAMINATIONS  FOR  THE  YEAR. 

Septic  infections  114 

Streptococcus  27 

Staphlocoecus  87 

Gonorrhoea  42 

Positive  24 

Negative  18 

Trichinea  in  meat  30 

Miscellaneous  15 

ANIMAL  INOCULATIONS. 

Guinea  pigs — 

Typhoid — Milk  5 

Tubercular  urine  12 

Cystic  fluid  3 

Ascetic  fluid  2 

Water  4 

•Rabbits — 

Pneumonia  6 

Hydrophobia — 

For  diagnosis  12 

Positive  3 

Negative  8 

Undetermined  1 

MILK  INVESTIGATIONS— TABLE  No.  I. 

Number  of  milk  dealers  licensed  during  the  year 1,000 

Total  samples  of  milk  analyzed  in  1903 G.182 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  6,182  samples 3.97% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%  butter  fat 187 

Per  cent,  below  3% .* 3.2  7o 

Number  of  samples  from  the  street 1,425 

Average  per  cent,  of  1.425  samples  from  the  street 3.61% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%  from  the  street 78 

Per  cent,  below  3% 5.4  % 

Number  of  samples  from  the  depots 4,280 

Average  per  cent,  of  4,280  samples 4.0  % 

Number  of  samples  below  3% 74 

Per  cent,  below  3% 1.8  % 

Number  of  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals 477 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  477  samples 3.76% 

Number  of  samples  below  3% 30 

Per  cent,  below  3% 6.2  % 

Number  of  samples  of  cream  tested 2,706 

Average  per  cent,  of  2,706  samples 24.02% 

Number  of  arrests  made  in  1903 9 

Amount  of  fines  imposed $200 

Quarts  of  milk  confiscated  in  1903 1.312 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

• 8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


37 


LAKE  WATER  ANALYSES. 


Free 

Alb. 

Oxygen- 

Chloride. 

Nitrates. 

Nitrites. 

Ammonia. 

Ammonia. 

Consumed. 

2 

None 

None 

.0015 

.006 

.15 

.3 

None 

None 

.002 

.008 

.16 

.4 

Trace 

None 

.001 

.002 

.12 

.6 

None 

None 

Trace 

.002 

.11 

.3 

None 

None 

.002 

.010 

.24 

.4  . 

None 

None 

.001 

.004 

.14 

.4 

None 

None 

Trace 

.002 

.16 

.4 

None 

None 

.001 

.010 

.13 

.3 

None 

None 

.002 

.010 

.14 

. 2 

None 

None 

.001 

.008 

.14 

.3 

None 

None 

.005 

.008 

.16 

. 2 

None 

None 

.002 

.010 

.12 

.4 

None 

None 

.002 

.007 

.16 

38 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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39 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 

We  incorporate  again  the  notes  on  laboratory  methods  and  results, 
which  we  believe  may  be  of  assistance  to  physicians. 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 

BACTERIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

Sixth  Floor,  City  Hall. 

Telephone  City  Hall  37. 

DIPHTHERIA  DIAGNOSIS. 

Directions  for  Taking  Cultures. 

No  local  antiseptic  application  should  be  made  for  at  least  two  hours 
previous  to  taking  the  culture.  The  patient’s  throat  should  be  cleared  of  any 
adherent  food  particles,  etc. 

1.  Have  the  patient  in  a good  light. 

2.  Remove  swab  from  glass  tube,  and  rub  it  gently  but  freely  against 
any  visible  pseudo-membrane  or  exudate. 

3.  Rub  the  swab  gently  but  freely  against  any  visible  exudate  or  pseudo- 
membrane in  the  throat  or  nose,  revolving  the  swab  between  the  fingers  in 
such  a manner  as  to  bring  it  thoroughly  in  contact  with  the  suspected  area. 
In  the  absence  of  exudate,  and  when  the  exudate  or  pseudo-membrance  can 
not  be  reached,  as  in  some  cases  where  it  is  confined  to  the  larynx  or  under 
any  other  conditions,  pass  the  swab  back  as  far  as  possible  and  rub  it  freely 
as  above  described  over  any  inflamed  mucous  membrane  which  may  be  present 
in  the  pharnyx  or  nares. 

4.  Without  laying  the  swab  down,  remove  the  lid  from  the  culture  box, 
and  rub  that  portion  which  lias  touched  the  exudate  gently  over  the  surface 
of  the  serum  mixture. 

5.  Replace  the  swab  in  the  glass  tube  and  close  the  open  end  with  the 

cap. 

6.  Do  not  use  disinfectants  in  the  mouth  and  throat  for  four  hours  before 
gathering  the  exudate. 

7.  Fill  out  the  blank  card  accompanying  this  and  return  with  outfit  to 
the  station  from  which  it  was  procured. 

8.  Telephone  to  the  department  (City  Hall  37)  that  the  outfit  has  been, 
returned,  giving  location  of  station,  or  the  Outfits  may  be  sent  by  the  physician 
directly  to  the  Laboratory. 

Reports  of  results  will  be  telephoned  before  noon  of  the  next  day. 

9.  Special  Examinations:  When  requested,  the  Laboratory  will  examine 

during  hours  (8:30  A.  M.  to  5 P.  M.;  Saturdays,  8:30  A.  M.  to  12  M.;  Sundays 
and  holidays,  9 A.  M.  to  10  A.  M.)  the  swabs  from  cases  for  diagnosis  directly. 
When  such  an  examination  is  desired,  first  make  the  culture  as  above  described, 
then  rub  the  swab  on  the  suspected  area  in  the  nose  or  throat  a second  time, 
then  return  it  to  the  swab  tube  without  again  rubbing  it  on  the  serum.  It  has 
been  found  that  in  about  one-half  of  the  cases  finally  proving  positive  after 
the  ordinary  incubation,  a positive  diagnosis  can  be  made  from  the  swab  with- 
out waiting  for  incubation,  thus  saving  from  fifteen  to  twenty-four  hours. 
A negative  result  from  the  swab  is  unreliable.  In  such  cases,  if  the  culture 


40 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


has  been  brought  into  the  Laboratory  before  12  M.,  a five-hour  incubation 
may  be  given  and  reported  on  at  5 P.  M.  except  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  and 
holidays.  A negative  result  from  this  examination  also  is  unreliable,  and  the 
regular  over-night  incubation  must  then  be  proceeded  with. 

OTHO  FIELDER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Milwaukee  Health  Department. 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

Sixth  Floor,  City  Hall. 


Telephone  Main  599. 


TYPHOID  DIAGNOSIS.  WIDAL  REACTION. 

Directions  for  Taking  the  Blood. 

1.  Cleanse  the  skin  of  the  lobe  of  the  ear,  avoiding  the  use  of  bichloride 
of  mercury,  carbolic  acid  or  other  strong  reagent.  Soap  and  water,  followed 
by  alcohol  and  ether,  is  recommended. 

24.  Prick  the  lobe  deeply  to  ensure  a free  escape  of  blood,  manipulating  the 
lobe  with  the  fingers,  if  necessary,  to  secure  a sufficient  amount.  A surgical 
needle  or  pointed  tenotome  may  be  used  for  the  puncture. 

3.  Avoiding  the  first  two  or  three  drops  which  exude,  touch  the  freshly 
escaped  blood  with  the  loop  of  the  wire  accompanying  the  outfit  several  times,, 
in  order  to  secure  one  full  drop.  Since  the  Widal  method  is  quantitative,  care 
should  be  taken  to  fill  the  loop  completely,  but  no  more  than  one  such  loopful 
is  required. 

4.  Deposit  the  whole  drop  of  blood  in  the  depression  on  the  exposed  surface 
of  the  foil  accompanying  the  outfit,  and  allow  it  to  dry  completely;  do  not  use 
heat  to  hasten  the  drying. 

5.  Cleanse  the  wire  loop,  fill  out  the  accompanying  card  and  repack  the 
outfit,  placing  the  filled-out  card1  over  the  foil;  enclose  the  whole  in  an  envelope 
and  mail  to  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory.  (Postage  2 cents.) 

A report  will  be  mailed  on  the  day  following  the  receipt  of  the  preparation, 
or  a report  by  telephone  may  be  obtained  by  calling  up  City  Hall  Ex.  37  not 
earlier  than  11  A.  M.  If  requested,  a telegraphic  report  will  be  sent  at  the 
physician’s  expense. 

Communications  should  be  addressed  to 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Health  Department. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


41 


MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

City  Hall,  Sixth  Floor. 

Telephone  City  Hall  37. 

MALARIAL  DIAGNOSIS. 

Directions  for  Taking  the  Blood. 

Take  the  blood  during  a paroxysm  if  possible  and  before  quinine  is  ad- 
ministered. 

1.  Cleanse  the  skin  of  the  lobe  of  the  ear,  avoiding  the  use  of  bichloride  of 
mercury,  carbolic  acid  or  other  strong  reagent.  Soap  and  water,  followed  by 
alcohol  and  ether,  is  recommended. 

2.  Prick  the  lobe  deeply  to  ensure  a free  escape  of  blood,  manipulating  the 
lobe  with  the  fingers,  if  necessary,  to  secure  a sufficient  amount.  A surgical 
needle  or  pointed  tenotome  may  be  used  for  the  puncture. 

3.  Wipe  off  the  first  two  or  three  drops  which  exude  with  a clean  cloth,  and 
touch  the  freshly  escaped  blood  with  the  edge  of  a perfectly  clean  square  cover- 
slip,  so  as  to  secure  a very  small  drop. 

4.  Draw  the  edge  of  the  coverslip  to  which  the  drop  is  attached  over  the 
surface  of  another  clean  coverslip,  at  an  angle  of  about  thirty  degrees,  thus 
spreading  the  blood  in  a thin  film  on  the  second  coverslip.  There  should  not  be 
an  instant’s  delay  between  the  operations  described  in  paragraphs  3 and  4.  Let 
the  film  dry  thoroughly. 

5.  Make  three  or  four  such  coverslip  preparations  from  each  ease,  place 
them  in  the  small  flat  box  and  fill  out  the  card  supplied  by  the  laboratory.  Mail 
both  card  and  box  to  the  laboratory. 

A report  will  be  mailed  on  the  day  following  receipt  of  the  preparations, 
or  a report  by  telephone  may  be  obtained  by  calling  up  telephone  City  Hall  37, 
not  earlier  than  1 P.  M.  If  requested,  a telegraphic  report  will  be  sent  at  the 
physician’s  expense. 

Communications  should  be  addressed  to 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Health  Department. 


MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  laboratory. 

City  Hall,  Sixth  Floor. 

Telephone  City  Hall  37. 

DIAGNOSIS  OF  TUBERCULOSIS. 

Directions  for  Collecting  Sputum. 

Outfits  for  the  collection  of  sputum,  including  bottles  containing  five  per 


42 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


cent,  carbolic  acid,  and  blanks  for  particulars  of  cases  with  copies  -of  these 
directions,  will  be  found  at  the  regular  culture  stations. 

^'Specimens  will  not  be  accepted  unless  submitted  in  the  bottles  provided  for 
the  purpose  by  the  Laboratory. 

Specimens  will  not  be  examined  if  leaking  from  the  bottle  has  occurred. 

Reports  will  not  be  forwarded  unless  the  particulars  of  the  case  are  sent 
with  the  specimen. 

The  expectoration  discharged  in  the  morning  is  to  be  preferred.  If  the 
expectoration  be  scanty,  the  entire  amount  discharged  in  twenty-four  hours 
should  be  collected.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the  contents  of  the  stomach, 
articles  of  food,  etc.,  are  not  discharged  during  the  act  of  expectoration  and 
collected  instead  of  pulmonary  sputum.  Purulent,  cheesy,  and  muco-purulent 
sputum  most  frequently  contains  the  bacilli;  pure  mucus,  blood  or  saliva  do  not 
as  a rule  contain  the  bacilli.  When  hemorrhage  lias  occurred,  some  purulent, 
cheesy  or  muco-purulent  sputmum  should,  if  possible,  be  collected  for  the  exam- 
ination. 

If  examination  of  sputum  for  the  bacteria  of  pneumonia,  grippe,  etc.,  are 
required,  use  these  outfits,  but  drain  out  the  carbolic  acid  solution  thoroughly 
before  the  sputum  is  placed  in  the  .bottle. 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Milwaukee  Health  Department. 

(See  Other  Side  Also.) 

*These  rules  have  been  adopted  because  the  examination  of  Tuberculosis 
sputum  entails  some  danger  to  the  examiner  if  indiscriminate  outfits  are  used. 

(For  Directions  See  Other  Side.) 


TUBERCULOSIS. 


Regular  Outfits,  Supplied  by  Culture  Stations,  Must  be  Used  for  Specimens. 
(To  be  Filled  Out  by  Physician.) 

Date  of  Collecting  Sputum 

Hours A.  M . P.  M.  . 

Patient’s  Name  

Age Sex Color 

Patient’s  Address  

Patient’s  Occupation  

Is  patient  now  working? If  so,  where? 

(Street  and  No.) 

Date  of  Earliest  Symptoms 

Where  was  disease  contracted  ? ( Street  and  No. ) 

SYMPTOMS : Cough  ? Fevers Expectorations  ? 

Night  Sweats  ? Hemorrhage  ? 

Physical  Signs : Consolidation  ? Cavities 

Rales? Loss  of  Weight? 

Pulse  Respiration  


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


43 


Clinical  Diagnosis  

Are  other  cases  of  tuberculosis  present  in  the  same  family? 

Are  other  cases  of  tuberculosis  present  in  the  same  house? 

Remarks  

Physician’s  Name  

Physician’s  Address  

(Please  Fill  Out  Blanks  in  Detail  for  Every  Specimen  Sent  In.) 

During  the  year  the  necessity  of  providing  animals  for  experimen- 
tal work  in  diagnosis  became  imperative,  and  a well  supplied  and 
equipped  animal  room  has  become  a permanent  and  important  feature 
of  the  bracteriological  laboratory  for  diagnosis. 

For  two  years  past  reports  more  or  less  author ative  have  emanated 
from  various  parts  of  the  state  announcing  the  existance  of  hydrophobia 
in  dogs  and  other  animals  in  these  part  of  our  commonwealth.  In  June 
of  this  year  the  first  suspicious  case  oceuring  in  our  city  was  reported 
to  your  department  analyst.  Since  we  were  not  equipped  at  the  time 
to  undertake  the  investigations  looking  to  a positive  diagnosis  of  the 
cases  they  were  referred  to  the  laboratory  of  the  ^Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  at  Madison,  where  Dr.  Frost  made  the  inoculation  for  diagnosis. 
The  doctor  reported  three  weeks  later  that  the  animals  inoculated  had 
developed  symptoms  and  died  of  hydrophobia.  The  persons  bitten  by 
the  rabid  dog  were  given  preventive  inoculations  at  the  Chicago  Pasteur 
Institute,  and  their  lives  saved.  Since  that  time  your  department  labora- 
tory has  investigated  many  suspicious  cases  with  the  result  that  we  have 
found  among  many  a few  positive  cases.  A detailed  report  is  given  else- 
where. 

A communication  calling  your  attention  to  this  lamentable  and 
serious  condition,  and  informing  you.  of  the.  existence  of  a small  epidemic 
of  the  disease  in  our  city  was  submitted  to  you.  Therein  we  recom- 
mended that  measures  be  instituted  looking  to  the  eradication  of  the  dis- 
ease by  the  enactment  of  an  ordinance  providing  for  the  muzzling  or 
■confinement  of  all  dogs  for  such  a period  of  time  as  was  deemed  nec- 
essary. The  ordinance  was  not  passed,  the  disease  was. not  stamped  out, 
and  the  cases  are  still  being  reported  and  some  confirmed.  We  would 
again  call  your  attention  to  this  grave  matter  and  urge  the  enforcement 
of  some  measures  which  shall  enable  us  to  prevent  any  further  innocu- 
lation  of  animals,  and  especially  the  infection  of  human  beings  by  rabid 
animals. 

In  addition  to  the  routine  work  heretofore  carried  on  in  the  labor- 
atory we  have  this  year  added  the  following: 


44 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Suptum  examinations  and  animal  inoculation  for  diagnosis  of  pneu- 
monia. 

Sputum  and  nasal  secretion  examinations  for  diagnosis  of  influ- 
enza. 

Agglutination  tests  for  diagnosis  of  paratyphoid  and  paracolon  infec- 
tions. 

Blood  examinations  for  diagnosis  of  malaria. 

Examinations  of  urinary  sediment  and  animal  inoculation  for  diag- 
nosis of  tuberculosis  of  the  kidneys. 

Agglutination  tests  for  diagnosis  of  diarrhoea  of  infants  due  to 
Shiga  bacillus. 

Animal  innoculation  for  diagnosis  of  hydrophobia. 

Besides  this  the  laboratory  is  ready  to  investigate  any  case  due  to 
infection  by  pathogenic  bacteria  when  especially  requested  to  do  so,  and 
when  assured  of  the  co-operation  of  the  physician  submitting  the  case. 

Of  research  work  but  little  has  been  done.  The  amount  of  routine 
work  in  diagnosis,  since  we  have  no  trained  assistant,  takes  so  much 
time  as  to  make  such  investigations  impossible.  Since  work  should  be 
done, ' however,  to  determine  the  efficiency  of  the  system  of  house  disin- 
fection at  present  in  use  in  the  department.  It  is  most  probably  that, 
as  at  present  employed,  it  is  not  always  adequate.  We  are  led  to  this 
conclusion  by  the  fact  that  recurrences  of  infectious  disease  occur  in  the 
same  family,  or  the  same  house  after  the  lapse  of  a period  of  time  exceed- 
ing the  incubation  period.  To  properly  perform  this  work  and  thorough- 
ly investigate  the  present  method  would  necessitate  the  addition  of  some 
assistants  to  the  working  force  of  the  laboratory.  We  hope  this  maw 
receive  your  consideration. 

The  method  and  result  of  some  investigations  and  experiments  con- 
ducted to  determine  the  nature  of  certain  stains  supposed  to  be  blood,, 
and  especially  to  determine  whether  caused  by  human  blood,  were  under- 
taken for  the  Scientific  interest  attached  to  the  work. 

At  the  instignation  of  the  ‘local  board  of  trade  some  work  was  under- 
taken and  is  still  in  progress,  which  has  for  its  object  the  determination 
of  the  number  and  kind  of  bacteria  found  upon  paper  currency,  and 
especially  to  determine  whether  or  not  pathogenic  germs  were  present, 
and  visible.  The  amount  of  work  done  and  the  results  obtained  are  not 
sufficient  to  warrant  any  statement  at  this  time. 

The  report  this  year  contains,  in  addition  to  the  tables  giving  num- 
bers and  results  of  examinations  conducted,  brief  accounts  of  the  methods 
employed  in  the  laboratory  for  the  differentiation  and  identification  of 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


45 


bacteria.  Moreover  in  the  case  of  the  more  important  species  examined 
we  give  briefly  what  we  consider  the  significance  of  the  reports  submitted, 
in  other  words,  the  interpretation  of  the  findings.  These  conclusions 
are  reached  by  careful  study  of  the  laboratory  records  and  the  clinical 
histories  of  cases  submitted.  As  here  given  they  are  deducted  from  the 
reports  of  many  municipal  laboratories,  and  especially  from  the  reports 
of  Dr.  Herbert  Winslow  Hill,  Director  of  the  Boston  Health  Depart- 
ment Bacteriological  Laboratory.  To  him  we  will  give  credit  and 
acknowledge  indebtedness.  It  is  evident  that  a thorough  and  compre- 
hensive understanding  of  the  significance  of  the  report  submitted  to  the 
physician  by  the  bacteriologist  is  essential  and  absolutely  necessary  in 
order  that  he  may  intelligently  and  with  advantage  employ  such  report 
in  reaching  his  diagnosis.  We  hope  these  particular  portions  of  the 
report  may  receive  the  ptrysician’s  especial  consideration. 


LABORATORY  METHODS  AND  RESULTS. 


TUBERCULOSIS. 

Outfit  for  collection  and  transmission  of  samples. 

This  department  provides  for  this  purpose:  1st,  a heavy  glass 

homeopathic  vial  with  paraffined  cork  stopper  : 2nd,  a circular  which 
has  printed  upon  one  side  instructions  for  collecting  samples,  and  on 
the  reverse,  blank  outline  of  data  of  the  case  to  be  filled  b}r  physicians; 
3rd,  these  are  enclosed  in  a pasteboard  box. 

These  outfits  may  be  obtained  either  at  the  laboratory  or  at  any  of 
the  culture  stations  above  designated.  They  are  to  be  returned  to  the 
station  or  laboratory.  If  they  are  returned  to  the  laboratory  they  are 
examined  the  same  day ; if  to  the  station,  they  are  collected  and  examined 
the  next  morning  and  reported  upon  before  noon. 

Method  of  Staining. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides,  several  loopfuls,  or,  if  present 
several  caseous  masses  being  used.  This  ensures  the  examination  of 
a considerable  amount  of  material  and  makes  the  finding  more  probable. 

After  fixing,  smears  are  stained  in  hot  Carbol  Euchsin  from  3 to  5 
minutes,  washed  and  decolorized  in  3 per  cent  acid  alcohol  (using  95 
per  cent,  alcohol  to  which  3 per  cent,  hydrochloric  acid  has  been  added), 
then  counterstained  with  methylene  blue.  The  bacilli  of  tuberculosis 
stains  red,  all  other  bacilli  blue,  or  not  at  all. 


46 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


If  requested,  or  if  specimens  from  same  patient  have  been  sub- 
mitted several  times,  the  sputum  is  digested  with  solution  of  KOH  cen- 
trifugated for  10  minutes,  and  the  sediment  examined. 

For  diagnosis  of  tuberculosis  of  the  kidney  the  whole  of  a twenty- 
four  hour  sample  of  urine  should  be  submitted.  This  is  centrifugated 
and  sediment  examined.  If  bacteria  are  not  found  the  sediment  is  in- 
jected into  Guinea  pigs  introperitoneally.  This  is  repeated  at  intervals 
of  four  or  five  days  for  a half  dozen  injections.  After  six  weeks  the  pigs 
are  killed  and  post-mortem  held  to  determine  whether  or  not  there  is 
tuberculosis  of  the  peritoneum  or  viscera. 

Interpretation  of  Results. 

As  in  other  bacteriological  examinations,  positive  results  mean  much, 
negative  results  mean  but  little.  It  is  possible  that  occasionally  acid 
staining  bacilli  of  the  morphology  of  tubercle  bacilli  may  be  found  in  the 
sputum,  but  this  is  an  exceeding  rare  occurrence,  and  in  persons  suffer- 
ing  from  cough  and  disease  of  lung  or  larynx,  the  finding  of  germs  in  the 
sputum  that  stain  as  above  described  may  be  taken  as  positive  evidence 
of  the  disease. 

A single  negative  result  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  no  bacilli 
were  present  in  the  sample  of  sputum  submitted,  but  simply  that  they 
were  not  demonstrated.  In  like  manner  several  negative  results  of 
several  specimens,  while  it  probably  demonstrates  the  absence  of  the 
bacilli  in  the  sputum,  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the  patient  is  not 
suffering  from  tuberculosis.  Failure  to  find  the  bacilli  may  be  due : 1st, 
to  collection  of  saliva  instead  of  the  pulmonary  expectoration,  or,  2nd, 
to  the  presence  of  so  few  bactera  that  they  escape  detention,  or,  3rd, 
to  the  fact  that  since  there  is  at  the  time  no  breaking  down  of  tissue  the 
bacilli  are  not  present  in  the  sputum,  or,  4th,  that  the  disease  is  either 
acute  miliary  tuberculosis  or  the  early  stage  of  a chronic  fibrinous  tuber- 
culosis, when  they  are  often  absent. 

Hence,  a positive  clinical  diagnosis  should  not  be  reversed  because 
of  negative  microscopic  findings  in  the  sputum.  Animal  inoculation 
may  be  of  service  in  reaching  conclusions  in  a number  of  these  cases. 

DIPHTHERIA. 

Outfit  for  Making  Cultures. 

The  department  furnishes  for  this  purpose:  1st,  an  aluminum  box 

containing  Loeffler’s  blood  serum  sterilized  and  sealed  with  a rubber  band 
to  prevent  drying  or  contamination  ; 2nd,  a sterile  swab  of  cotton  on  a 
wooden  applicator  enclosed  in  a glass  tube  and  sealed  with  a rubber  cap ; 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


47 


3rd,  A circular  of  information  for  taking  smears  and  making  culture; 
4th,  a card  having  blanks  to  be  filled  out  by  physician  and  bacteriologist, 
giving  date  of  case  and  results  of  laboratory  examination.  These  are 
enclosed  in  a large  manilla  envelope. 

These  outfits  may  be  obtained  at  the  laboratory  or  at  the  culture 
stations,  or  when  desired  for  diagnosis  will  be  sent  to  the  physician. 
Thejr  may  be  returned  to  the  laboratory  or  to  the  culture  station,  or  if 
for  diagnosis,  will  be  called  for. 

All  cultures  reaching  the  laboratory  on  the  day  they  are  made,  are 
placed  in  the  incubator  at  37  degrees  C.  over  night,  and  examined  the 
next  morning. 

On  request  swab  or  five  hours  incubation  examinations  are  made, 
as  set  forth  in  circular  of  information  already  given. 

Method  of  Staining. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides,  fixed  and  stained  with  Loeffler’s 
alkaline  methylene  blue  for  two  minutes;  washed  and  examined  with 
a 1-12  oil  immersion.  The  characteristic  staining  of  the  bacilli  and 
their  morphology,  together  with  the  evidence  of  snapping  as  seen  in  their 
arrangement  are  the  differentiating  factors  in  determination. 

Interpretation  of  Results . 

Results  are  reported  either  as  positive,  suspicious,  no  growth  or 
negative. 

A report  of  a positive  result  means  that  the  Klebs-Loeffler  bacilli 
have  been  found.  It  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the  patient  has 
diphtheria.  Investigation  by  the  departments  of  health  of  a number 
of  cities  have  clearly  demonstrated  that  from  1.5  to  3 per  cent,  of  healthy 
individuals  have  these  bacilli  in  their  throats,  but  do  not  suffer  from  the 
disease.  The  fact  that  these  patients  do  not  have  diphtheria  is  due 
either  to  absence  of  toxin,  to  bacterial  inactivity  or  because  the  toxins  are 
neutralized. 

A suspicious  report  with  request  for  another  culture  is  given  when 
a positive  diagnosis  can  not  be  given,  some  bacteria  being  present  whose 
morphology  and  staining  properties  closely  simulate  true  diphtheria. 

In  all  cases  where  there  is  no  growth  because  of  a dried  medium 
of  failure  to  implant  the  germs,  or  where  there  is  gross  contamination, 
a request  is  made  for  another  culture.  In  these  cases  nothing  definite 
can  be  learned  from  the  report. 

A negative  report  is  given  in  all  cases  in  which  true  diphtheria 
bacilli  are  not  found.  This  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  they  are  not 
present  in  the  nose,  throat  or  larynx,  but  simply  that  they  are  not  found 


48 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


in  the  culture.  Their  absence  from  the  culture  in  such  cases  is  to  be 
explained  by  the  fact  that  the  bacteria  may  have  been  in  the  larynx  and 
culture  taken  from  tonsil  or  some  other  part  of  respiratory  tract,  or 
even  when  present  and  transplanted,  they  may  not  develop.  A single 
negative,  then,  does  not  mean  much,  and  in  suspicious  cases  three  or  four 
cultures  should  be  taken  before  a clinically  suspicious  case  is  regarded 
as  negative. 

TYPHOID  AND  PARATHYPHOID  FEVERS. 

Dried  blood  method  for  making  Widal  Reactions  is  employed. 

Outfit  for  Collecting  and  Transmitting  Blood . 

The  department  furnishes:  1st,  an  aluminum  plate  with  a depres- 
sion for  receiving  the  blood  ; 2nd,  a copper  wire  loop  of  given  dimensions, 
for  transferring  an  approximate  quantity  of  blood  from  the  skin  of  the 
patient  to  the  plate;  3rd,  a circular  of  information  as  to  method  of  secur- 
ing and  transmitting  the  blood ; 4th,  a card  with  blanks  to  be  filled  in  by 
physician  and  bacteriologist,  with  data  of  the  ease  and  result  of  the 
laboratory  findings.  These  are  enclosed  in  a heavy  manilla  addressed 
envelope.  The  whole  outfit  is  designed  and  made  of  such  weight  that  a 
two  cent  stamp  will  cany  it  through  the  mail. 

Outfits  may  be  obtained  at  the  laboratory  or  the  culture  stations. 
They  should  be  returned  to  the  laboratory  by  mail,  and  not  returned  to 
culture  stations. 

Method  of  Examination . 

The  dried  blood  on  the  plate  is  mixed  in  loco  with  about  ten  drops 
of  sterile  water.  A loop  full  of  this  diluted  blood  is  transferred  to  a 
cover  glass  and  a few  bacilli  typhosus  (Eberths)  are  transferred  from  a 
twenty-four  hour  old  agar  culture  to  the  drop  and  thoroughly  disseminat- 
ed. The  drop  is  examined  at  once  to  determine  that  the  bacteria  are  not 
too  numerous  or  too  few,  and  sufficiently  motile.  The  hanging  drop  is 
then  placed  in  the  incubator  for  one  hour  and  examined  after  another 
hour  outside  the  incubator  to  ascertain  lost  motility  or  agglutination.  If 
motility  is  lost  and  agglutination  is  complete  the  report  is  sent  as  posi- 
tive. 

If  there  is  either  lost  motility  or  agglutination  alone  the  report  is 
atypical. 

If  there  is  neither  loss  of  motility  nor  agglutination  the  report  is 
negative. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


49 


Interpretation  of  Results. 

A positive  reaction  results  from  the  presence  in  the  blood  of  the 
patient  of  certain  chemical  bodies  resulting  from  the  reaction  of  specific 
body  forces  to  the  toxine  of  the  typhoid  bacillus.  These  bodies  may  or 
may  not  be  associated  with  the  presence  of  the  anatomic  lesions  and  the 
symptoms  making  np  the  symptom  complex  and  the  signs  known  as 
typhoid  fever.  When  these  bodies  have  once  been  developed  they  may 
remain  for  months  or  years.  The  same  reaction  has  been  many  times 
observed  in  other  diseases,  viz. : Paratyphoid,  miliary  tuberculosis  and 

proteus  infections. 

This  makes  it  necessary  that  complete  histories  should  accompany 
each  specimen  submitted,  so  that  the  results  may  be  judged  accordingly. 
Very  essential  is  the  determination  whether  the  patient  has  previously, 
and  how  long  previously,  suffered  from  any  affection  that  may  have  been 
typical  in  nature. 

An  atypical  reaction  means  nothing,  subsequent  reactions  may  be 
either  positive  or  negative,  and  as  often  one  as  the  other. 

A negative  reaction  is  of  but  little  significance.  The  time,  after  the 
onset  of  the  fever,  at  which  the  reaction  is  obtainable,  may  be  at  any  time 
from  the  first  few  days  until  late  in  the  disease,  and  sometimes  not  until 
after  the  recovery.  Moreover  the  reaction  is  not  constantly  present,  so 
that  a negative  may  he  found  interposed  between  two  positives.  The 
necessity  of  taking  several  specimens  and  trying  the  reaction  repeatedly 
in  negative  cases,  especially  when  the  clinical  picture  is  clear,  is  evident. 

For  paratyphoid  and  paracolon  reactions  the  same  outfits  are  em- 
ployed, the  same  methods  used  and  practically  analogous  results  obtained 
as  with  typhoid.  The  difference  rests  with  the  culture  employed. 

MALARIA. 

Malaria  occurs  so  rarely  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee  that  no  special  out- 
fit is  supplied  by  the  department.  Glass  slides  are  supplied  on  applica- 
tion, and  instructions  and  cards  submitted  therewith,  giving  technique 
of  taking  blood  and  making  cover  glass  preparations  and  for  providing 
tlie  data  required  for  our  records. 

Method  of  Examination. 

Cover  glass  preparations  are  returned  to  the  laboratory,  and  at  once 
fixed  and  stained  by  double  stain  method.  The  finding  of  the  plasmodia 
malaria  is  positive  evidence  of  the  existence  of  the  disease. 


50 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


INFLUENZA. 

No  special  outfit.  Sputum  oufit  may  be  used. 

Methods. 

Secretions  from  nasal  or  bronchial  membranes  are  sent  to  the  lab- 
ratory  and  examined  by  straining  smears  on  glass  slides  by  Smith  method. 
Or  cultures  are  made  on  glycerine  agar,  on  the  surface  of  which  human 
blood  has  been  smeared,  and  then  examined. 

RABIES. 

General  Instructions. 

Animals  suspected  of  rabies  should  not  be  killed,  but  confined,  and 
notification  sent  to  the  department  laboratories,  so  that  the  animal  may 
be  kept  under  surveillance,  and  thus  possibly  a probable  diagnosis  made 
at  once.  If  animals  die  or  are  killed  the  whole  body  should  at  once  be 
sent  to  the  laboratories,  so  that  it  may  immediately  be  placed  on  ice.  If 
this  can  not  be  done,  at  least  the  head  disarticulated  low  down  between 
the  shoulders  should  be  submitted. 

Method. 

An  emulsion  is  made  by  thoroughly  macerating  about  one  gram  of 
the  medulla  (carefully  exposed  and  removed)  in  about  100  c.  c.  of  sterile 
water  or  bouillon.  A few  drops  of  this  emulsion  are  injected  beneath 
the  dura  mater  of  each  of  two  rabbits.  The  dura  is  exposed  by  trephin- 
ing at  a point  about  in  the  midline  and  just  posterior  to  the  line  connect- 
ing the  eyes.  The  plate  of  bone  is  not  replaced.  A collodion  dressing  is 
applied.  Rabbits  inoculated  from  rabid  animals  pass  through  a state  of 
excitation  and  convulsions,  followed  by  paralysis  and  death  in  from  six- 
teen to  thirty-five  days,  some  even  later. 

Post  mortems  are  then  conducted  and  blood  cultures  made  to  exclude 
the  possibility  of  death  from  other  infection.  Reinoculations  have  fre- 
quently been  made  for  confirmation. 


PNEUMONIA. 

Outfit. 

No  special  outfit  is  provided.  The  sputum  outfit  may  be  used. 
Method. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides  of  the  sputum,  and  stained  directly 
with  methylene  blue  to  demonstrate  the  presence  of  the  diplococcus.  Since, 
however,  this  is  not  a differential  stain,  animal  inoculations  are  em- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


51 


ployed,  when  a diplococcns  presenting  the  morphology  of  diplococcus 
pneumonii  is  found. 

One  or  two  c.  c.  of  the  sputum  are  injected  into  the  prominent  pos- 
terior vein  of  the  ear  of  a rabbit.  Death  results  in  about  eighteen  hours 
in  positive  cases,  and  cultures  are  recovered  from  the  blood. 


52 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MONTH. 

Diphtheria. 

1 

Sputum. 

•o 

o 

o 

m 

Pus. 

1 

Miscellaneous. 

Animal 

Inoculation. 

Total. 

January  

34 

24 

10 

2 

7 

2 

79 

February  

25 

21 

20 

3 

8 

4 

81 

March  

45  | 

42 

26 

9 

1 

5 

128 

April  

36 

28 

26 

2 

15 

6 

113 

May  

35 

34 

32  1 

i 

8 

i i 

18 

1 

6 

133 

June  

17  1 

42 

12  I 

6 1 
l 

24  ‘ | 

4 

1 

105 

July  

22 

48 

12  1 
1 

12  1 

l 

18  | 

1 

4 

116 

August  

22 

31 

30  1 

j 

3 1 

t | 

13  1 

1 

2 

1 

101 

September  

45 

33 

26  1 
1 

10  1 

17  1 

1 

2 

133 

October  

53 

38 

24  1 

8 

1 1 

26 

l 

2 

151 

November  

97 

31 

| 

36  | 

i 

7 ! 

31  | 

i 

2 

204 

December  

98 

42 

37  | 

1 

12  1 
1 

23  1 

1 

5 

217 

1 

1 529 

1 1 

414 

291  1 

1 

82  I 
1 1 

1 

201  | 

44  I 

1 

1561 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


53 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  PARA  TYPHOID  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTHS. 

MONTH. 


54 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  TYPHOID  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTHS. 
Blood.  Eberth  Bacilli. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

Atypical. 

Negative. 

Total. 

January  

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

February  

1 

4 

2 

4 

10 

March  . 

2*  1 

9 

i 

13 

April  I 

1 

■5 

2 

1 

6 

13 

May  ! 

! 

4 

2 

10 

16 

. 

June  

1 

1 

1 

4 

6 

July  

1 

2 

4 

6 

August  ! 

1 5 

1 

i 

9 

15 

September  ! 

i 

4 

1 1 

9 1 

14 

i 

October  

i 

4 

2 1 
I 

8 

14 

1 

November  1 

6 

2 1 
l 

11 

1 

19 

December  ! 

i 

3 

4 1 

1 

17 

24 

I 43 

1 1 

20 

1 

1 92 

1 

155 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


TABLE  SHOWING  RESULTS  OF  SPUTUM  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTHS. 


Sputum  for  Tuberculosis. 


In  conclusion  I wish  to  call  to  your  attention  the  fact  that  our 
present  facilities  for  doing  the  bacteriological  work  are  quite  inadequate, 
and  would  urge  that  as  soon  as  possible  a larger  and  more  thoroughly 
equipped  bacteriological  laboratory  be  provided.  The  increase  of  the 
work  and  the  importance  of  it  necessitate  this. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Bacteriologist. 


REPORT 


OF 

THE  BUREAU  OF  VITAL 
STATISTICS. 


REPORT  OF  BUREAU  OF  VITAL 
STATISTICS. 


F.  M.  Schulz , M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health  : 

Sir — I have  herewith  the  honor  of  submitting  the  twenty-eighth 
annual  report  of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  for  the  year 
ending  December  31,  1904. 

DEATHS. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  4,182  deaths  reported,  representing 
an  annual  death  rate  of  12.87;  this  is  lower  than  that  of  1903,  when  the 
annual  death  rate  was  12.99. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  by  years  since 
1869,  together  with  the  officially  estimated  population  and  death  rate : 


Total  Rate 

Year.  Population.  Deaths.  per  1,000 

1870  71,440  1.495  20.93 

1871  75,000  1,452  19.36 

1872  79,500  2,022  25.43 

L873 83,000  1,878  22.62 

1874 87,000  1,939  22.29 

L875  91,500  1,506  16.46 

1876  95,00a  2,128  22.40 

1877  100,000  2,198  21.98 

1878. 105,000  1,584  15.09 

1879  110.000  1,978  17.98 

1880  115,587  2,390  20.68 

1881  122,000  2,697  22.10 

1882  130.000  2,729  20.99 

1883  138,000  2,532  18.35 

1884  147,000  2,768  18.83 

1885  156,000  2,796  17.92 

1886  165.000  2,021  18.31 

L 8 8 7 175,000  3,257  18.61 

1888  185,000  2,426  18.52 

1889  195,000  3,188  16.35 

1890  204,468  3,747  18.33 

1891  214,000  4,689  21.91 

1892  223,000  4,516  20.25 

1893  232.000  4,462  19.23 

1894  241,000  4,253  17.64 

L895 250,000  3,885  15.54 

1896  260,000  3,904  15.00 

L 8 9 7 : 275,000  3,606  13.11 

1898  280,000  3,338  11.92 

1899  285.000  3,843  13.48 

1900  290.000  4,026  13.88 

1901  295,000  3,833  12.99 

1902  300,000  3,797  12.65 

1903  315,000  4,091  12.99 

1904  325.000  4,182  12.87 


f8 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


59 


It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  table  that  the  death  rate  shows  a 
steady  decrease  during  the  last  decade. 

This  shows  that,  although  the  city’s  population  is  steadily  increasing, 
becoming  more  and  more  crowded  and  hygienic  conditions  becoming  less 
and  less  favorable  to  a low  death  rate,  the  city’s  mortuary  shows  a great 
decrease  in  its  death  rate.  This  is  in  a large  measure  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  regulations  regarding  public  health  are  becoming  more  and  more 
stringent,  and  the  public  is  being  educated  to  more  thoroughly  observe 
the  laws  of  hygiene  and  contagion. 

There  wTere  1,491  deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of  age,  with  a 
per  cent,  of  35.6  to  the  total  deaths.  This  is  slightly  higher  than  that  of 
1903,  when  the  per  cent,  was  34.3,  but  is  the  same  as  that  of  1902.  Never- 
theless the  per  cent,  shows  a steady  decrease  since  1892  and  is  .very  grati- 
fying indeed,  for  we  can  see  here  the  effect  of  raising  the  standard  of  the 
milk  supply  in  the  city  and  in  this  way  minimizing  the  deaths  from 
diarrhoeal  diseases  among  children. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  deaths,  deaths  of  children  under 
one  year  of  age,  deaths  of  children  from  one  to  five  years  of  age,  total 
deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of  age  and  the  per  cent,  of  deaths 
among  children  under  five  years  of  age  to  the  total  deaths : 


Per  Cent. 
Under  Five 


Total 

Under 

One  to 

Total  Under 

to  Total 

Years. 

Deaths. 

One  Year. 

Five'  Years. 

Five  Years. 

Deaths. 

1892  

1,479 

744 

2,223 

49.2 

1893  

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

1,441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

1,297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897  

1,077 

425 

1.502 

41.6 

1898 

1.010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

1,113 

428 

1,541 

40.1 

1900 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

963 

390 

1,353 

35.6 

1903 

1,103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

1904 

1,106 

385 

1,491 

35.6 



51,735 

15,829 

6,115 

21,944 

42.2 

The  three  diseases,  which,  as  usual,  carried  away  the  greatest  number 
of  adults,  were  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  428;  organic  heart  disease,  360  ; 
and  pneumonia,  493.  The  public  is  becoming  more  and  more  educated  to 
the  necessity  of  more  strict  regulations  in  regard  to  tuberculosis,  and  we 
feel  confident  that  the  legislature  this  year  will  enact  a law  which  will 
bring  the  dread  disease  under  more  strict  control. 


60 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BIRTHS. 

During  the  year  1904  there  were  8,190  births  reported,  representing- 
a birth  rate  of  25.2,  against  7,543  for  1903  with  a rate  of  23.94  and  7,406- 
for  1902  with  a rate  of  24.69.  Of  the  total,  4,143  were  males  and  4,047 
females.  During  the  entire  year  only  two  colored  babies  were  reported. 


MARRIAGES. 


During  the  past  year  2,810  marriages  were  reported  against  2,789s 
for  1903. 


Respectfully  submitted, 

FRANK  E.  DARLING,  B.  S.,  M.  D., 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics. 


TABLE  A. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Total  Number  of  Oases  of  and  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  During  Year  1904. 


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TABLE  B. 


62 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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TABLE  0. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Total  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Typhoid  During  the  Year  1004. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


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Twenty-third 

Total 1 

TABLE  D. 

Showing  by  Months  and^Wards  the  Total  Number  of  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from  Measles  During  the  Year  1904. 


64 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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Thirteenth  

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Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  

Twentieth 

Twenty-first 

Twenty-Second 

Twenty-third 

Total 

TABLE  E. 

Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  the  Total  Number  of  Oases  of  and  Deaths  from  Small  Pox  During  the  Year  1904. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


65 


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66 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  F. 

Showing:  by  wards  the  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Diphtheria,  Scarlet  Fever,  Typhoid, 
Measles  and  Small  Pox  for  1904, 


WARDS. 

Scarlet 

Fever. 

Diph- 

theria. 

Typhoid 

Fever. 

Measles. 

Small 

Pox. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

Cases- 

Deaths. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

Cases. 

Deaths. 

First  

n 

1 

5 

1 7 

j 

16 

1 

7 I 

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34  1 

1 

1 II 

1 13  I' 

1 

1 1 1 

1 

2 1 

4 I1 

1 

7 

1 

1 II 

4 i 

1 3 

Third  . '} 

10 

1 

1 5 

1 1 1 

1 

2 1 

1 

5 

I! 

5 II 

| 

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12 

. 

3 

i u 

17 

3 

5 1 

5 

8 

u 1 ; 

1 

1 

9 

Fifth  

11 

8 

1 

6 

1 

4 

Sixth  

34 

3 

12 

6 

2 

6 

20 

Seventh  

15 

3 

1 4 

i 

10 

2 

Eighth  

29 

3 

8 



1 

i ^ 
1 

1 7 

1 

1 | 

1 3 

5 

1 5 1 

1 

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60 

4 

19 

6 

2 

x 1 

1 1 
2 1 

i ° 

1 

I 15  1 

u i 

1 

i i 

25 

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45 

! | 

1 1^  j 

1 

8 

I 

| 

i i 

• 

1 11  1 

1 

24 

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41 

2 ! 

19 

4 

7 

1 

J-J-  i 
12 

1 

30 

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38 

1 1 

17 

4 

i * 

1 10 

3 

8 

1 

,6 

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| 28 

14 

18 

! | 

1 16 

2 

1 5 

66 

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1 17 

1 1 
2 | 

1 

j 21 

1 X 1 
1 5 ! 

13 

u i 

3 1 

i ° 

1 

1 11 

2 

45 

Fifteenth  

| 24 

1 J 

21 

! I 

3 j 

3 

| 

1 

j 20 

9 

Sixteenth  

1 41 

14 

1 2 | 

6 

3 

1 24 

‘12 

Seventeenth  

! 

| 20 

•1 
3 | 

1 

1 18 

1 2 | 

6 

1 2 1 

| 5 

1 1 
1 1 1 

1 

1 5 

| .. 

Eighteenth  

59 

1 

1 6 | 

1 

| 27 

5 1 

1 11 

| 7 | 

I 8 

1 x 1 
1 1 

1 | 

i 

96 

1 

Nineteenth  

44 

11 

1 

2 j 

1 

13 

| 2 

42 

24 

Twentieth  

49 

| 3 

24 

4 

18 

i 

j 2 

9 

1 

23 

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12 

| ' 

1 

II 

II  17 

3 

10 

4 

4 

25 

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27 

1 1 l 

II  x 1 
1 4 

3 | 

11 

i ! 

20 

1 

7 

| 

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5 

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1 2 

1 

1 2 

1 | 

1 2 

x i 

i 

2 | 

4 

1 

j 

1 

1 1 

II 

1 

1 , 1 

!l 

1 

Total 

| 672 

I 1 

1 41  | 

321 

1 53 

186 

1 43  | 

| 254 

19 

448 

1 1 

1 

1 

II 

1 

r 

1 

II 

1 

CHART  No.  1. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


67 


© 


© 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  2. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  and  Cronp  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


68 


• ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line— I’er  Cent,  of  Population. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


69 


CHART  Ho.  3. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  24  Years,  1881-1904, 

Inclusive. 


Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  Ho.  4. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Measles  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


70 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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CHART  No.  5. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Whooping  Congh  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,'  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


71 


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Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Linen— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


72 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  i\To.  6. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Bronchitis  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


Black— Per  Cent  of  Total  Dealhs. 

Dotted  Line— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  Ho.  7. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Pneumonia  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


73 


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7.00 

6.00 

5.00 

4.00 

3.00 

2.00 
1.00 
0.00 
,0.00 

5.00 

7.00 

6.00 


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0.13 

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0.11 

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0.07 

0.06 

0.05 

0.04 

0.03) 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  8. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Consumption  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


74 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


17  00 
10  00 

15.00 

14.00 

13.00 

12.00 
1 1.00 
10.00 

9.00 

3.00 
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Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  Shows  Deaths  for  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Diarrhoea  for  24  years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  Shows  Deaths  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


76 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  No.  10. 


0 06 
0 05 
0.04 
0 03 
0.02 
0 01 
0.00 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  Ho.  11. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Convulsions  for  24  Years,  1881-1904,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  77 


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.19 
.18 
.17 
.16 
.15 
.14 
.13 
.12 
.11 
• 10 
.09 
.08 
.07 
.06 
.05 
04 
.03 
02 
01 
.00 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


78 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  1. — Showing  the  Number  of  Deaths,  According  to  Cause, 

Annual  Death  Rate  per  1000  for  the  Year  was 
For  the  Year  1903  there  were  4,091  Deaths,  Representing 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  MU. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

4182 

2278 

1904 

2195 

1336 

629 

22 

1987 

558 

1637 

General  Diseases 

1013 

542 

471 

454 

442 

111 

6 

400 

197 

416 

Typhoid  Fever 

43 

31 

12 

18 

24 

1 

14 

7 

22 

1 

1 

1 

1 

18 

*9 

7 

15 

1 

13 

1 

2 

41 

25 

16 

41 

34 

3 

4 

6 

3 

3 

6 

5 

1 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

53 

25 

28 

50 

1 

1 

1 

45 

8 

Grippe 

36 

18 

18 

10 

16 

10 

8 

5 

'23 

1 

J 

1 

1 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

58 

26 

32 

25 

30 

2 

1 

22 

12 

24 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

428 

247 

181 

202 

204 

19 

3 

183 

99 

146 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

62 

30 

32 

44 

16 

2 

36 

10 

16 

Cancer — 

224 

103 

121 

20 

131 

72 

”‘l 

21 

44 

159 

Other  General  Diseases.  

44 

24 

20 

21 

19 

4 

17 

7 

20 

Local  Diseases 

2911 

1530 

1381 

1632 

779 

486 

14 

1518 

328 

1065 

Meningitis 

71 

43 

28 

59 

9 

3 

56 

7 

8 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

171 

89 

82 

13 

93 

63 

"'2 

12 

14 

145 

Paralysis 

23 

15 

8 

2 

15 

6 

2 

7 

14 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

162 

94 

68 

162 

158 

4 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

43 

22 

21 

10 

21 

10 

2 

8 

11 

"24 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

360 

183 

177 

80 

179 

99 

2 

62 

61 

237 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

14 

8 

6 

6 

7 

1 

3 

3 

8 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

157 

77 

80 

109 

11 

37 

101 

9 

47 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

493 

281 

212 

312 

114 

66 

‘l 

286 

55 

152 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

24 

18 

6 

13 

9 

2 

10 

4 

10 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

303 

154 

149 

303 

295 

7 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

30 

14 

16 

9 

6 

15 

8 

4 

18 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

39 

14 

25 

13 

17 

9 

12 

6 

21 

Peritonitis 

36 

11 

25 

14 

17 

4 

’i 

14 

14 

8 

Appendicitis 

35 

20 

15 

26 

7 

2 

16 

12 

7 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

158 

85 

73 

50 

80 

25 

■“3 

42 

29 

87 

Bright’s  Disease 

179 

89 

90 

48 

101 

28 

2 

38 

41 

100 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

31 

17 

14 

8 

15 

8 

3 

10 

18 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

12 

12 

12 

1 

5 

6 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

18 

i 

17 

2 

16 

6 

6 

4 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

8 

4 

4 

s 

6 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

5 

3 

2 

3 

5 

Hydrocephalus 

5 

2 

3 

5 

5 

Other  Malformations 

17 

10 

7 

17 

17 

Congenital  Debility 

357 

205 

152 

357 

357 

Senile  Debility 

160 

71 

89 

7 

48 

105 

18 

142 

Violence 

247 

199 

48 

103 

112 

30 

2 

64 

31 

152 

Suicide — 

68 

57 

11 

21 

39 

6 

2 

11 

9 

48 

Accidents 

175 

140 

35 

81 

70 

24 

53 

22 

100 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 

11 

7 

4 

6 

3 

2 

5 

2! 

4 

Homicide 

4 

2 

2 

3 . 

4 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


79 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  the  Year  1903. 
12.87  on  an  Estimated  Population  of  325,000. 
an  Annual  Death  Rate  of  12.99  per  1000  Population. 


The 


AGE 


. ® 
■c  ^ 


1106 

57 


222 


87 


47 


29 


103 


62 


148 


170 


173 


137  165  1 80  181 


184  179  186 


196 


206  135  69  15 


3 1 


29 


25 


16 


11 


48 


67 


66 


64 


65 


36 


32 


26  10  6 2 


15 


21  17 

3 4 


1043 

20 

191 

8 

55 

3 

25 

3 

15 

5 

48 

9 

39 

2 

62 

7 

49 

2 

65 

3 

52 

2 

73 

92 

2 

95 

97 

103 

1 

126 

2 

152 

159 

173 

1 

119 

1 

1 61 

. 13 

3 1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

5 

5 

6 

9 

11 

13 

18 

25 

18 

1 

3' 

14 

3 

7 

1 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

5 

2 

126 

25 

4 

3 

3 

' 1 

3 

4 

1 

2 

6 

5 

2 

3 

5 

4 

3 

4 

1 

11 

3 

11 

16 

7 

9 

11 

13 

14 

14 

24 

30 

22 

32 

46 

34 

21 

6 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

72 

23 

10 

2 

1 

1 

4 

1 

3 

2 

7 

8 

10 

8 

9 

4 

134 

5 

76 

1 

30 

6 

4 

14 

1 

'5 

1 

16 

1 

"'8 

1 

5 

1 

"is 

11 

2 

"20 

2 

19 

1 

10 

2 

14 

2 

16 

24 

24 

25 

j 

9 

1 

1 

258 

42 

1 

1 

1 

O 

"3 

”’i 

1 

4 

2 

2 

1 

6 

1 

1 

3 

5 

3 

1 

4 

1 

5 

1 

2 

1 

"3 

5 

2 

1 

4 

1 

•* 

1 

1 

”1 

”5 

4 

*4 

4 

I 

2 

4 

1 

3 

4 

] 

3 

6 

6 

8 

5 

] 

1 

1 

11 

1 

2 

1 

18 

4 

1 

5 

1 

1 

4 

4 

9 

2 

7 

15 

15 

18 

17 

“9 

10 

’4 

"2 

1 

i 

5 

3 

2 

1 

1 

6 

7 

1 

3 

1 

7 

4 

5 

1 

11 

1 

3 

10 

1 

16 

2 

16 

1 

14 

2 

16 

2 

20 

2 

13 

6 

15 

4 

4 

1 

1 

.. 

4 

2 

3 

1 

l 

1 

5 

5 

2 

3 

1 

6 

i 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

i 

1 

17 

355 

2 

1 

5 

30 

34 

49 

29 

9 

2 

1 

5 

1 

6 

6 

1 

3 

7 

6 

1 

18 

2 

23 

6 

9 

14 

6 

7 

28 

11 

17 

22 

5 

17 

22 

11 

11 

22 

10 

12 

14 

13 

4 

9 

10 

5 

5 

5 

6 

1 

5 

5 

2 

3| 

2 

5 

1 

6 

5 

"3 

‘“7 

5 

16 

16 

'”7 

11 

”5 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 1 
14  12 
3 
27 

1 


80 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  2. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

1 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

36S 

205 

163 

190 

109 

68 

1 

j 165 

42 

161 

Geneeal  Diseases 

97 

53 

44 

47 

38 

11 

1 

41 

16 

40 

Typhoid  Fever 

5 

3 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

6 

3 

3 

6 

5 

1 

11 

6 

5 

11 

11 

Grippe 

5 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

9 

5 

4 

6 

3 

4 

2 

3 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

33 

22 

11 

18 

13 

"*1 

*”i 

15 

7 

11 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

Cancer 

16 

5 

11 

9 

7 

3 

13 

Other  General  Diseases.  . 

5 

3 

2 

5 

1 

4 

Local  Diseases 

256 

140 

116 

137 

66 

53 

122 

26 

108 

Meningitis. 

4 

3 

1 

4 

2 

1 

1 

Pippebra ] Cpfijrestion  RtiH  TTemnrrhag'e 

18 

7 

11 

11 

7 

18 

Paralysis 

4 

2 

2 

”’i 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

Cnnwi  lslons  of  Tnffl.nts 

20 

12 

8 

20 

18 

2 

Other  Diseases  of  Nprvons  System  

2 

2 

1 

1 

*2 

Organic  Heart  Disease — 

35 

24 

11 

5 

21 

9 

5 

4 

26 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

13 

5 

8 

9 

1 

3 

8 

2 

3 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

49 

30 

9 

29 

9 

11 

29 

5 

15 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System' 

5 

4 

1 

4 

1 

1 

4 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 yoars 

7 

3 

4 

7 

7 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  over  ^ years 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Hernias  flrjfl  TntPStinal  Obstructions . .. 

2 

”’i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Peritonitis 

5 

i 

4 

4 

1 

3 

1 

” i 

Appendicitis  

1 

i 

1 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

15 

10 

”*5 

4 

8 

3 

.... 

4 

li 

Bright’s  Disease 

9 

6 

3 

2 

5 

2 

1 

3 

5 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

3 

3 

3 

1 

2 

Pnerpera.l  Septica.emia 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Mai  formations 

3 

1 

2 

3 

3 

Congenital  Debility 

36 

24 

12 

36 

36 

Senile  Debility 

18 

4 

14 

4 

14 

3 

15 

Violence  — 

15 

12 

3 

6 

5 

4 

2 

13 

Suicide 

5 

5 

2 

2 

1 

5 

Accidents 

10 

7 

”*31 

4 

3 

3 

*2 

8 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


81 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  January,  1904. 


AGE 


Under 
1 Year 

IN 

o 

+3 

IC 

o 

N 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

5 to  10 

m 

o 

+3 

o 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

o 

o 

m 

3 

o 

+3 

o 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

\n 

O 

0 

[ 75  to  80 

m 

ao 

0 

s 

85  to  90 

m 

O 

0 

00T  % 

| Over  100  [ 

92 

17 

9 

5 

3 

12 

11 

13 

13 

14 

o 

20 

16 

13 

17 

18 

15 

17 

21 

12!  11 

3 

4 

7 

4 

3 

1 

f> 

i 

6 

8 

7 

1 

7 

1 

3 

7 

1 

6 

1 

7 

1 

4 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 

- 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

"l 

*3 

1 

1 

1 

4 

"2 

1 

i 

5 

1 

1 

o 

j 

1 

1 

2 

i 

1 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

88 

1 

10 

5 

1 

1 

2 

7 

4 

1 

5 

1 

5 

6 

5 

4 

12 

7 

6 

9 

12 

12 

14 

19 

loj  10 

3 

1 

1 

1 

4 

3 

1 

3 

4 

1 

”ii“i 

1 

16 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

6 

2 

1 

1 

2 

5 

4 

1 

. 8 

10 

1 

6 

1 

1 

"2 

1 

1 

1 

"2 

1 

5 

1 

4 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

’ 3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

"i 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

36 

6 

4 

1 

4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

"i 

2 

1 

1 

1 

”*i 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

i 

1 

"1 

82 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  3. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

389 

214 

175 

174 

146 

65 

4 

1 166 

54 

169 

General  Diseases 

94 

47 

47 

33 

50 

9 

2 

32 

21 

41 

1 

1 

j 

] 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

i 

3 

3 

Grippe 

9 

5 

4 

3 

'"4 

‘”2 

3 

1 

5 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

11 

4 

7 

4 

6 

1 

4 

2 

5 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

39 

20 

19 

12 

25 

”'l 

1 

14 

13 

12 

1) 

3 

3 

4 

2 

3 

3 

Cancer 

17 

10 

7 

2 

10 

5 

3 

14 

Ot^er  General  Diseases.  

5 

5 

1 

3 

1 

” 1 

2 

2 

Local  Diseases 

276 

152 

124 

133 

88 

53 

2 

128 

31 

117 

Meningitis 

5 

3 

2 

5 

5 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

16 

10 

6 

* *8 

'"8 

2 

14 

Paralireic  

Convulsions  of  Infants 

17 

12 

5 

17 

17 

Other  Diseases  r'f  lServmis  System  

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

"*2 

i 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

36 

17 

19 

14 

16 

6 

10 

9 

17 

Otlipr  Diseases  of  flircnl a torv  Svstem 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

18 

8 

10 

13 

5 

13 

5 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

69 

45 

24 

36 

"21 

11 

1 

34 

“7 

28 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

4 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

D i q rr»Vi Ana  and  Enfpri tic  nnrlfir  2 TPflTS 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l/lal  i LIUuc*  a Liu  ijliiciiliot  uiiuci  j cun  

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  over  2 years 

1 

i 

1 

1 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions . .. 

4 

" i 

3 

1 

2 

1 

"2 

2 

Append  icitis •••••••••• 

4 

1 

3 

3 

1 

2 

2 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

16 

12 

4 

3 

10 

2 

1 

3 

5 

"'8 

Bright’s  Disease 

17 

7 

10 

2 

13 

2 

3 

1 

13 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Congenital  Debility 

30 

16 

14 

30 

30 

Senile  Debility 

26 

10 

16 

2 

8 

16 

2 

24 

Violence 

16 

13 

3 

6 

8 

2 

1 

4 

2 

10 

Suicide — 

7 

7 

.... 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

5 

Accidents 

9 

6 

31 1 

1 5 

3 

1 

3 

1 

5 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 

3 

2 

l| 

2 

1 

2 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


83 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  February,  1904. 


AGE 


Under 
1 Year 

1 to  2 

2 to  3 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

5 to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

85  to  90 

90  to  95 

95  to  100 

Over  100 

92 

12 

7 

4 

2 s|  10 

10 

12 

17 

16 

14 

17 

20 

21 

16 

14 

2 s 

! 21 

2c 

1 2C 

1 6 

4 

1 

6 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

4 

6 

1L 

7 

7 

4 

6 

6 

6 

7 

3 

6 

2 

. 

-• 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 

1 

*6 

2 

7 

1 

1 

3 

4 

'*'6 

"2 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

*2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

"3 

2 

•• 

1 

2 

2 

1 

4 

1 

i 

85 

3 

11 

2 

4 

2 

4 

7 

5 

5 

6 

8 

6 

11 

9 

14 

10 

7 

19 

14 

20 

19 

5 

4 

1 

.. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

.... 

3 

2 

2 

2 

15 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

5 

1 

1 

2 

6 

1 

6 

3 

2 

2 

1 

13 

18 

1 

1 

"'7 

"3 

1 

4 

1 

4 

2 

6 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

3 

4 

.... 

1 

• • 

1 

1 

*"i 

1 

...1 

1 

1 

”‘i 

”’i 

”'i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

30 

2 

4 

3 

11 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

i 

i 

i 

1 

1 

1 

84 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  4. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Causer 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

a> 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee  1 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

439 

244 

195 

226 

115 

67 

1 

1 205 

41 

193 

(ieneeal  Diseases 

106 

53 

53 

48 

1 42 

: 16 

43 

; 12 

51 

5 

2 

3 

j 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

"‘l 

8 

5 

3 

8 

6 

2 

4 

2 

2 

4 

4 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

7 

4 

3 

7 

6 

1 

Grippe 

9 

2 

7 

3 

■"3 

"■3 

2 

'"7 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

41 

23 

18 

17 

21 

3 

15 

5 

21 

4 

3 

1 

4 

3 

1 

Cancer 

21 

8 

13 

1 

11 

9 

1 

3 

"ii 

Other  General  Diseases 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases 

310 

172 

138 

168 

91 

50 

1 

157 

25 

128 

Meningitis 

8 

4 

4 

6 

2 

6 

1 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

23 

15 

8 

3 

17 

3 

2 

2 

19 

Pa  rn  1 TTcic  

4 

3 

1 

4 

1 

3 

Con vu  1 sions  of  Infants  * , » » . - t T , t f . T 

26 

12 

14 

”26 

26 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

6 

4 

2 

5 

1 

2 

4 

Oreanic  Heart  Disease 

27 

15 

12 

6 

11 

9 

1 

6 

1 

20 

other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

O 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

18 

7 

11 

10 

1 

7 

10 

8 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

74 

43 

31 

50 

17 

7 

44 

’5 

25 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 y pars 

11 

8 

3 

11 

11 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years: 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions  - - 

1 

1 

i 

1 

Peritonitis 

2 

"'2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Appendicitis 

2 

‘”2 

2 

1 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

15 

10 

“5 

2 

11 

2 

2 

2 

’ii 

Bright’s  Disease 

20 

10 

10 

6 

11 

3 

5 

2 

13 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Pnerpern.l  Septicaemia 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

3 

i 

2 

1 

2 

1 

l 

1 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Malformations 

1 

l 

1 

C!r»ngpnita.l  Rphility 

35 

21 

14 

35 

35 

Senile  Debility 

20 

9 

11 

5 

15 

2 

18 

Violence 

22 

19 

3 

10 

11 

1 

5 

4 

13 

Suicide.  

11 

10 

1 

6 

5 

4 

7 

Accidents 

111 

9| 

2 

4 

6 

1 

1 

*4 

6 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 

1 

1 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


85 


-‘Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  March,  1904. 


AGE 

Under 
1 Year 

1 to  2 

2 to  3 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

0 

0 

+3 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

O 

O 

O 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

if: 

GC 

■ c 

+3 

S 

! § 
> c 

1 +. 

1C 

1 OC 

: s 
> ~ 

; i 

;S 

) C 

■ 43 

in 
1 05 

1 Over  100  j 

105 

30 

10 

9 

0 

9 

5 

14 

16 

14 

19 

l 16 

16 

21 

17 

2C 

)|  2] 

L 2r 

1 r 

1 3< 

3 15 

2 f 

3 1 

10 

4 

5 

2 

1 

3 

2 

3 

9 

1 

13 

2 

8 

2 

! 5 

7 

' 7 

4 

1 2 

! 4 

\ 1 

t 5 

1 

' 4 

1 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

' 1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7 

10 

5 

5 

4 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

1 3 

3 

1 

1 

1 1 

95 

26 

5 

5 

1 

6 

3 

8 

6 

1 

8 

7 

7 

12 

11 

16 

17 

18 

14 

25 

12 

7 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

5 

3 

3 

8 

1 

1 

i 

1 

17 

7 

2 

1 

1 

• 2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

5 

1 

1 

' 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

21 

1 

11 

1 

"2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

4 

1 

3 

2 

3 

3 

2 

"3 

1 

4 

2 

2 

“2 

• • 

11 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 

4 

2 

i 

1 

1 

1 

j 

1 

1 

1 

"i 

35 

1 

5 

4 

7 

3 

2 

3 

2 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

| 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

I 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

S 

1 

1 

l 

1 

86 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  5 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male  1 

Female 

® 

1 

03 

Married 

Widowed 

iDivorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

373 

202 

171 

189 

125 

57 

2 

165 

55 

153 

General  Diseases 

92 

45 

47 

38 

i 38 

15 

1 

30 

20 

42 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Small  Pox 

Measles 

6 

4 

2 

6 

5 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Grippe 

6 

4 

*2 

1 

4 

l 

1 

1 

4 

6 

3 

3 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

2 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

44 

23 

2: 

20 

20 

3 

1 

12 

15 

17 

4 

4 

4 

4 

Cancer .... 

21 

’”7 

14 

11 

10 

2 

2 

17 

Other  General  Diseases.  . . 

2| 

1 

1 

”*2 

2 

Local  Diseases 

260 

139 

121 

145 

77 

37 

1 

131 

31 

98 

Meningitis 

8 

5 

3 

6 

2 

7 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

17 

11 

6 

1 

10 

'”6 

1 

”ib 

Paral  

3 

2 

1 

3 

• 

3 

Oopvnlslons  of  Infants 

12 

9 

3 

"i‘2 

12 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

5 

3 

2 

3 

1 

1 

3 

2 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

35 

19 

16 

8 

21 

6 

5 

6 

24 

other  Diseases  of  ^ironl fttiOTy  System- 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

22 

13 

9 

15 

2 

5 

11 

2 

9 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

46 

21 

25 

33 

7 

6 

31 

3 

12 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Entp.ritis,  nndftr  2 years 

19 

7 

12 

19 

18 

1 

Diarrhoea,  a nd  "Enteritis,  over  2 years 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

TTernias  and  Intestinal  Ohstrne.tinns.  ..  . 

3 

"*2 

1 

"i 

2 

1 

”'2 

Peritonitis 

5 

2 

3 

1 

4 

2 

”2 

1 

Appendicitis 

5 

5 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

14 

5 

9 

7 

4 

2 

1 

6 

4 

4 

Bright’s  Disease 

17 

7 

10 

4 

7 

6 

2 

5 

10 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

3 

3 

1 

2 

. i 

2 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations 

Congenital  Debility 

28 

18 

10 

28 

28 

Senile  Debility 

11 

7 

4 

1 

5 

5 

1 

10 

Violence 

19 

17 

2 

5 

9 

5 

3 

4 

12 

Suicide 

5 

5 

1 

2 

2 

1 

4 

Accidents 

141 

12 

"*2 

4 

7 

3 

‘"3 

3 

8 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 

,1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


87 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  April,  1904. 


AGE 

Under 
1 Year 

1 to  2 

2 to  3 

; o 

o 

4 to  5 

o 

o 

•rr 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

o 

o: 

O 

4-3 

tr- 

oo 

iT 

i 

95  to  100 

% 

#■» 

© 

> 

O 

94 

21 

5 

3 

4 

8 

7 

22 

12 

16 

8 

1? 

1 17 

15 

21 

| 22 

21 

ie 

i l£ 

! 12 

! 11 

7 

8 

1 

2 

1 

5 

7 

7 

7 

5 

5 

7 

0 

6 

10 

4 

3 

3 

: 2 

2 

j 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

JJ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

6 

7 

4 

*5 

4 

4 

3 

2 

1 

8 

2 

2 

2 

6 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

86 

20 

3 

2 

3 

3 

7 

13 

4 

7 

3 

4 

6 

9 

12 

ii 

16 

13 

14 

10 

9 

5 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

3 

2 

1 

3 

10 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

] 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

5 

5 

3 

4 

1 

3 

1 

1 

8 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

•> 

2 

16 

10 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

] 

2 

1 

15 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

‘"k 

”i 

1 

1 

3 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

l 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

2 

1 

28 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 

4 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

i 

1 

88 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  (5. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

© 

la 

S 

® 

la 

a 

® 

© 

U 

G 

tE 

T3 

© 

"E 

03 

s 

® 

£ 

O 

'O 

% 

T3 

© 

s 

0 

> 

5 

© 

© 

G 

et 

js 

i 

li 

CC  JS 

a 

bb 

"© 

h 

0 

E& 

Total— All  Causes..... 

365 

210 

155 

188 

123 

54 

1 177 

51 

137 

General  Diseases 

107 

66 

41 

48 

; 46 

13 

! ..  . . 

51 

17 

39 

6 

6 

3 

! 3 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

4 

2 

6 

5 

1 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

4 

2 

2 

4 

4 

2 

1 

1 

’"2 

**i 

1 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

50 

30 

20 

22 

25 

3 

29 

"‘8 

13 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

8 

4 

4 

5 

3 

5 

3 

Cancer 

21 

11 

10 

2 

11 

'”8 

1 

2 

‘is 

Other  General  Diseases 

5 

5 

. . . 

3 

2 

3 

1 

1 

Local  Diseases 

243 

130 

113 

131 

72 

40 

122 

31 

90 

Meningitis 

16 

10 

6 

11 

4 

1 

10 

3 

3 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

14 

9 

5 

4 

5 

5 

2 

1 

11 

I'q  rfl.1  yni<s 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

13 

9 

“4 

i3 

13 

Ofh#»r  r»f  Nftrvnns  Syst.flm  

3 

3 

2 

1 

3 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

32 

17 

15 

6 

17 

9 

5 

5 

22 

other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

1 

1 

1 

Bronchitis.  Acute  and  Chronic 

18 

7 

11 

14 

2 

2 

13 

1 

4 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

51 

27 

24 

32 

13 

6 

31 

8 

12 

Other  Disease**  nf  Hespiratory  System 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

12 

4 

8 

12 

12 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

' 2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions  

2 

1 

' 1 

1 

"i 

.... 

2 

Peritonitis  . . . : . 

5 

3 

2 

1 

3 

1 

”i 

"i 

3 

Appendicitis 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

9 

4 

5 

1 

“'6 

2 

1 

1 

7 

Bright’s  Disease 

15 

9 

6 

3 

8 

4 

4 

4 

7 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 

1 

1 

1 

$ 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations 

3 

2 

3 

3 

Congenital  Debility 

25 

15 

10 

25 

25 

Senile  Debility 

1 

12  1 

6 

6 

6l 

6 

2 

10 

Violence 

15 

14 

1 

9 

5 

1 

4 

3 

8 

Suicide 

5 

4 

1 

3 

2 

3 

3 

Accidents 

iol 

iol 

6 

1 

4 

1 

5 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 

1 

..LI 

1 

1 1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


89 


;Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  May,  1904. 


AGE 

1 Under  1 

1 Year 

1 to  2 

W 

O 

+3 

CVJ 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

o 

o 

+-> 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

B 

o 

S> 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

3 

o 

o 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

09  99 

to 

0 

1 

o 

1— 

O 

to 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

85  to  90 

> irt 

, 

> O 

’ 3 

95  to  100 

Over  100 

75 

27 

15 

4 

4 

10 

5 

13 

16 

i 19 

in 

15 

1 17 

17 

18 

i 18 

; li 

r K 

j 2( 

) i: 

1 11 

4 

1 1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

5 

11 

14 

9 

4 

8 

4 

8 

7 

’ 4 

g 

! 4 

. 2 

! a 

1 

J 

2 

1 

J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

l 

J 

2 

1 

1 

2 

10 

10 

4 

4 

5 

2 

6 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

o 

] 

I 

1 

3 

j 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

! 

1 

72 

24 

11 

1 

2 

5 

4 

2 

2 

9 

4 

7 

10 

8 

10 

8 

11 

13 

16 

11 

8 

4 

j 

3 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

] 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

j 

2 

1 

9 

3 

J 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

4 

3 

•6 

3 

1 

i 

5 

5 

4 

1 

1 

j 

] 

13 

13 

3 

2 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

8 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

j 

2 

] 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

3 

25 

4 

2 

4 

2 

1 

] 

1 

2 

3 

1 

] 

3 

2 

2 

] 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

*”i 

3 

) 

1 

90 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  7. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

275 1 

140 

135 

140 

85 

49 

1 

130 

43 

102 

General  Diseases 

65 

34 

31 

32 

28 

5 

24 

19 

22 

Typhoid  Fever 

4 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

4 

4 

4 

3 

1 

] 

1 

1 

1 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

30 

14 

"i6 

"u 

15 

1 

"i2 

8 

”i6 

6 

3 

3 

5 

1 

3 

1 

2 

Cancer — 

13 

6 

7 

3 

6 

4 

1 

6 

6 

Other  General  Diseases.  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Local  Diseases 

195 

95 

100 

101 

52 

42 

101 

22 

72 

Meningitis 

2 

2 

1 

2 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

16 

'”6 

10 

2 

"'4 

10 

1 

1 

14 

Paralysis 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

7 

5 

"2 

7 

7 

Othej*  Diseases  of  Nervous  System  

1 

1 

1 

] 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

28 

13 

15 

2 

16 

10 

2 

7 

19 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

14 

8 

6 

13 

1 

13 

1 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

31 

17 

14 

23 

“'*3 

5 

23 

“’i 

7 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

.... 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

13 

5 

8 

13 

12 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

i 

Appendicitis 

2 

”i 

1 

2 

1 

”i 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

11 

4 

7 

4 

6 

1 

4 

2 

& 

Bright’s  Disease 

11 

5 

6 

2 

9 

] 

2 

8- 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

3 

2 

1 

“ 2 

1 

2 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

* 

1 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Other  Malformations .. 

Congenital  Debility 

27 

16 

11 

27 

27 

. . . _ 

Senile  Debility 

13 

9 

4 

4 

9 

3 

10 

Violence 

15| 

11 

4 

7 

5 

2 

1 

5 

2 

8 

Suicide 

3 

3 

1 

4 

J 

Accidents 

111 

8 

'“.3 

6 

3 

* 2 

5 

2 

0 

4 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 

Homicide 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


91 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  June,  1904. 


AGE 

Under 
1 Year 

1 to  2 

2 to  3 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

o 

o 

•o 

in 

O 

+3 

o 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

CO 

O 

s 

5 

o 

5 

o 

o 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

85  to  90 

£ 

o 

s 

95  to  100 

Over  100 

63 

18 

10 

13 

5 

10 

11 

14 

10 

15 

8 

11 

16 

4 

8 

16 

In 

21 

8 

2 

1 

1 

3 

O 

7 

3 

5 

6 

7 

5 

6 

6 

1 

5 

2 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

] 

i 

3 

1 

1 

] 

1 

4 

4 

5 

4 

4 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

4 

1 

1 

61 

15 

8 

5 

2 

2 

4 

6 

3 

7 

2 

9 

10 

4 

6 

11 

9 

21 

7 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

J 

7 

1 

1 

l 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

6 

4 

1 

3 

4 

2 

2 

1 

i 

6 

5 

2 

1 

7 

5 

6 

3 

1 

] 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

11 

2 

1 

1 

l 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

26 

1 

1 

3 

6 

2 

1 

1 

1 

g 

l i 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

; i 

2 

1 

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1 

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1 





..... 



.... 

... 

... 

... 

92 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  8. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

300 

160 

140 

| 169 

86 

42 

3 

143 

43 

114 

General  Diseases 

80 

44 

36 

39 

33 

8 

33 

17 

30 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

9 

4 

5 

2 

6 

1 

1 

3 

5 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

36 

23 

13 

20 

15 

1 

21 

6 

9 

6 

2 

4 

5 

1 

2 

1 

3 

Cancer 

20 

10 

10 

3 

11 

6 

2 

5 

13 

Other  General  Diseases 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Local  Diseases 

196 

100 

96 

118 

45 

30 

3 

100 

24 

72 

Meningitis. . ...#••  

4 

3 

1 

4 

3 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

10 

5 

5 

7 

2 

1 

1 

*2 

7 

Paralysis 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Convulsion®  <"»f  Tnfant.s. 

13 

6 

7 

13 

12 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Nflrvnns  Syst.ftTn  

1 

1 

i 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

39 

19 

20 

9 

13 

17 

6 

5 

28 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

O 

1 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

19 

8 

11 

15 

2 

2 

12 

3 

"*4 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

32 

16 

16 

32 

30 

2 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

2 

2 

2 

1 

..’i 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Pftritnnit.is 

* 3 

3 

1 

2 

Appendicitis 

1 

"i 

'i 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

13 

7 

6 

7 

3 

3 

2 

2 

'9 

Bright’s  Disease 

12 

6 

6 

5 

5 

2 

4 

2 

6 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

! 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

# * 1 

i 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Malformations 

3 

2 

*"  i 

3 

3 

Congenital  Debility 

23 

14 

9 

23 

23 

Senile  Debility 

7 

4 

3 

4 

3 

8 

7 

Violence 

23 

15 

8 

12 

8 

3 

J 

10 

2 

11 

Suicide 

6 

4 

2 

5 

1 

. . .. 

2 

2 

2 

Accidents 

17 

11 

6 

1"  12 

3| 

...  J 

1 8 

9 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 

j 

1 

-I 

1 

II  1 

J 

Homicide 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


93 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  July,  1904. 


AGE 


fa 

,o, 

a 

& 


16 


18 


10 


15 


10 


16 


111  13 


1 1 


JO 9 4 

3 1 


71 


28 


P4 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  9. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

® 

> 

s 

Milwaukee  1 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

a 

by 

"© 

u 

0 

fa 

Total— All  Causes 

sm 

164 

166 

189 

99 

42 

184 

45 

101 

General  Diseases 

67 

40 

27 

25 

33 

9 

24 

18 

25 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

J 

6 

3 

3 

5 

1 

3 

3 

3 

., 

2 

3 

0 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

30 

17 

12 

‘ii 

15 

1 

13 

' id 

7 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Cancer 

18 

10 

*8 

11 

7 

2 

4 

”l2 

Other  General  Diseases 

4 

4 

"2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Local  Diseases 

238 

106 

132 

153 

55 

30 

156 

21 

61 

Meningitis. 

9 

6 

3 

9 

' 

9 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

12 

4 

8 

6 

6 

1 

1 

10 

Paralysis 

1 

1 

1 

... 

1 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

7 

*6 

1 

’7 

7 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

4 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

29 

13 

16 

4 

18 

7 

4 

7 

18 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

R-rrmchitls,  Acute  and  Chronic 

2 

2 

2 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

16 

”ii 

5 

8 

7 

1 

7 

4 

5 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System  

1 

l 

1 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

75 

32 

43 

75 

75 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Peritonitis 

Appendicitis 

4 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

9 

5 

4 

1 

7 

”'l 

1 

2 

6 

Bright’s  Disease 

9 

1 

8 

2 

4 

3 

1 

2 

6 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

* i 

i 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations 

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

Congenital  Debility 

38 

14 

24 

38 

38 

Senile  Debility..... 

8 

2 

6 

2 

6 

! 

7 

Violence 

24 

17 

7 

11 

10 

3 

... 

4 

5 

15 

Suicide — 

6 

4 

2 

2 

4 

...... 

2 

4 

Accidents 

17 

12 

5 

8 

6| 

'”3 

1 

3 

10 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 

1 

1 , 

l| 

1 

1 

Homicide 

1 

‘i 

...  1 

.... 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


95 


.Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  August,  1904. 


AGE 


1 Under  1 

1 Year 

1 to  2 

00 

o 

4-> 

o 

10 

4 to  5 

0 

0 

43 

10  to  15 

8 

0 

*2 

8 

0 

0 

o< 

25  to  30 

•o 

0 

4-5 

8 

O 

O 

£ 

40  to  4.3 

3 

0 

5 

50  to  55 

O 

CO 

O 

if* 
1 « 

CO 

0 

4-5 

s 

65  tb  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

85  to  90 

£ 

os 

0 

1 

95  to  100 

Over  100 

125 

13 

2 

2|  2 7 

el  12 

18 

8 

10 

6 

15 

15 

12 

17l  11 

. £ 

1 1C 

) 16 

i 1C 

) 4 

2 

1 

i 

2 

2 

1 

5 

1 

10 

4 

1 

6 

1 

2 

3 

6 

4 

6 

5 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

8 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

• 

1 

2 

1 

5 

... 

a 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 ... 

128 

2 

12 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

2 

2 

5 

3 

1 

3 

3 

4 

10 

6 

6 

9 

6 

5 

9 

12 

9 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 

1 

6 

l 

2 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

7 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

.... 

1 

69 

6 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

’.i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

”'2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 



.... 

1 

1 

1 

8 

38 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

5 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

O 

1 

1 







.... 



.... 

... 

... 

... 

90 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  10. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

1 

Divorced 

Milwaukee  1 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Causes 

316 

188 

158 

201 

107 

33 

2 

186 

49 

111 

General  Diseases 

81 

41 

1 

40 

39 

37 

4 

1 

39 

14 

28 

3 

1 

2 

3 

3 

Diphtheria  and  Croup. 

4 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

9 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

1 

1 

1 

! 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

37 

"2  2 

15 

"i9 

17 

”'i 

17 

”7 

13 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

10 

4 

6 

7 

3 

7 

3 

Cancer 

21 

10 

11 

4 

14 

”’2 

”‘l 

• 6 

“4 

11 

Other  General  Diseases.  ....  

5 

1 

4 

3 

2 

4 

1 

Local  Diseases 

241 

129 

112 

156 

57 

27 

1 

140 

33 

68 

Meningitis 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

12 

5 

7 

2 

7 

3 

1 

1 

10 

Paralysis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

C!r»n vii l«inn«s  nf  Infants 

9 

5 

4 

9 

9 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

18 

7 

ji 

7 

7 

4 

5 

2 

11 

Other  Disea.ses  of  Cirenla.tory  System 

1 

i 

1 

1 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

6 

9 

4 

1 

4 

1 

1 

4 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

22 

16 

6 

14 

6 

2 

10 

3 

9 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

65 

36 

29 

65 

62 

2 

j 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

5 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

3 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

7 

3 

4 

3 

'4 

2 

”*3 

2 

Peritonitis 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

3 

Appendicitis 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

i 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

15 

8 

7 

6 

"'6 

”'3 

6 

”*4 

5 

Bright’s  Disease 

19 

10 

9 

2 

15 

1 

1 

3 

7 

9 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

4 

2 

2 

1 

9 

1 

1 

3 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations 

Congenital  Debility 

34 

19 

15 

34 

33 

1 

Senile  Debility 

10 

5 

5 

1 

4 

5 

1 

9 

Violence 

23 

18 

5 

8 

13 

2 

6 

2 

15 

Suicide — 

4 ' 

3 

1 

3 

1 

4 

Accidents 

17 

14 

3 1 

"’8 

8| 

‘*"6 

'"2 

9 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 

1 

ill 

-| 

I 

I 

1 . 

Homicide 

2 

.... 

.11 

*>|  ^ 

.... 

2 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


97 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  September,  1904. 


AGE 


Under 
1 Year 

CO 

o 

-(J 

2 to  3 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

5 to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

& 

o 

S 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

1/5 

o 

3 

o 

o 

■+-> 

1C 

50 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  S5 

c 

i 

> 

. 3 
> : 

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1 i 
! £ 

j§ 

> £ 
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115 

26  3 

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10 

10 

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19 

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9 

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6 

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1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

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1 

O 

6 

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6 

7 

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1 

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1 

1 

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1 

1 

1 

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1 

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107 

2 

24 

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5 

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£ 

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7 

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1 

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7 

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2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

"l 

1 

1 

1 

49 

16 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

2 

.1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

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1 

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2 

2 

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2 

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5 

2 

1 

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1 

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J 

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33 

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.1 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


98 


TABLE  No.  11. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

iDivorced 

Milwaukee  1 

i U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

Foreign 

Total— All  Onuses 

822 

193 

129 

187 

87 

46 

2 

168 

3S 

115 

General  Diseases 

61 

31 

30 

33 

25 

3 

27 

1C 

24 

Typhoid  Fever 

3 

2 

O 

2 

1 

Measles 

3 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 

g 

1 

1 

1 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

30 

17 

13 

17 

12 

1 

16 

5 

9 

3 

3 

3 

J 

2 

Cancer — 

13 

" 7 

6 

2 

9 

2 

2 

2 

”9 

Other  General  Diseases 

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

.... 

4 

Local  Diseases 

232 

139 

93 

142 

49 

39 

2 

134 

25 

73 

Meningitis 

9 

5 

4 

5 

8i 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

6 

4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

"i 

4 

Paralysis 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l 

1 

Cfinv^lslnns  r»f  Tnfanf.s 

111 

9 

2 

ii 

io 

l 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

3 

i 

2 

2 

1 

”3 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

24 

li 

13 

6 

9 

9 

5 

4 

15 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

9 

7 

2 

7 

1 

1 

6 

1 

2 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

24 

16 

8 

13 

7 

4 

11 

6 

7 

Oth«r  Diseases  nf  Respiratory  System 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

38 

25 

18 

38 

38 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years. 

7 

3 

4 

4 

3 

4 

"'3 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

7 

1 

6 

3 

*2 

2 

3 

4 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Appendicitis  

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

13 

8 

5 

3 

6 

3 

i 

3 

3 

’”7 

Bright’s  Disease... 

20 

10 

10 

8 

9 

3 

7 

4 

9 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

5 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

3 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 

1 

1 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations 

Congenital  Debility 

34 

22 

12 

31 

34 

Senile  Debility... 

12 

7 

5 

2 

2 

8 

12 

Violence 

28 

22 

6 

11 

13 

4 

1 

1 

3 

18 

Suicide 

9 

7 

2 

4 

* 

• • • • 

2 

1 

Accidents 

19 

15 

4 

7 

tii 

8 

4 

5 

1 

2 

6 

12 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 

lj 

1 . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


99 


Sex.  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  October,  1904. 


AGE 


Under 
1 Year 

<M 

O 

vH 

eo 

O 

IN 

o 

43 

CO 

4 to  5 

5 to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

85  t,r>  90 

' £ 
) z 

' i 

> s 

> c 

; i 

Over  100  j 

105 

11 

5 

5 

4 

8 

4 

9 

16 

12 

7 

9 

i 13 

! 14 

10 

l 13 

1 If 

j 11 

3 r 

r 11 

i 1( 

) l 

> 1 

1 i 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

4 

6 

7 

6 

1 

8 

1 

i 6 

; i 

5 

i 3 

i 1 

1 

i 

[ 2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

6 

5 

1 

5 

1 

4 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

i 

2 

1 

1 

1 

103 

4 

10 

2 

2 

5 

2 

5 

1 

2 

4 

5 

4 

1 

6 

3 

6 

7 

7 

9 

7 

15 

13 

9 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

8 

2 

1 

1 

3 

4 

2 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

5 

8 

1 

36 

2 

1 

i 

1 

"3 

”i 

1 

2 

*1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

.. 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

4 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 , 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

34 

3 

5 

2 

.... 

1 

• 1 

.... 

1 

1 

5 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

’ 1 

3 

1 

o 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 . 

— 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 

1 

1 

IOC 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  12. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

' ‘ T > . 5 * J r ( ! ■ • * ■■  i*  ’ ■ \ 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity  | 

© 

ei 

§ 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee  1 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

! 5 J 

! £ 

0 

Ca 

Total— All  Causes 

104 

157 

147 

156 

97 

48 

i 3 

137 

’ 4f 

» 122 

General  Diseases 

68 

37 

31 

29 

28 

: 10 

1 1 

22 

: 17 

'29  j 

3 

1 

2 

J 

1 

l 

1 

Small  Pox 

1 

i 

1 

2 

3 

2 

i 

3 

2 

i 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection -. . 

7 

3 

4 

5 

2 

4 

1 

2 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

26 

16 

10 

14 

11 

1 

9 

7 

10 

Cancer 

21 

10 

11 

1 

13 

7 

7 

14 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 a 

2 

1 

2 

1 

*"2 

1 

Local  Diseases 

207 

95 

112 

115 

53 

38 

1 

105 

26 

76 

Meningitis 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

16 

7 

"9 

9 

7 

2 

1 

”i3 

Paralysis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

14 

5 

9 

14 

14 

Othnr  Disna.sns  of  Nervous  System 

4 

4 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

22 

10 

12 

9 

9 

4 

6 

4 

12 

Other  Diseases  of  Cirenlatory  System. 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

15 

8 

7 

11 

1 

3 

10 

1 

4 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

29 

11 

18 

20 

5 

4 

21 

1 

7 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

14 

9 

5 

14 

14 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Peritonitis 

8 

”'i 

7 

4 

3 

1 

*4 

"3 

1 

Appendicitis 

5 

i 

4 

4 

2 

2 

2 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

12 

5 

7 

5 

6 

1 

4 

2 

6 

Bright’s  Disease 

15 

10 

5 

6 

7 

1 

1 

3 

5 

7: 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  System.. 

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3, 

Puerperal  Septicaemia — 

, 

1 

1 

1 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

1 

1 

1 

....  j 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 

1 

J 

1 

Hydrocephalus 

\ 

Other  Malformations 

• • tt.  1 

Congenital  Debility 

22 

11 

11 

22 

22 

i 

Senile  Debility 

14 

3 

11 

1 

.... 

12 

1 

13 

Violence 

29 

25 

4 

12 

16 

1 

10 

2 

— 1 
17 

Suicide 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

Accidents 

26l 

22 

"'4 

* *i*2 

14 

9 

"*2 

15  ! 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


101 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  November,  1904. 


AGE 


1 Under  | 

1 Yftar 

e<i 

O 

-tJ 

CO 

o 

+9 

03 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

O 

O 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

0 

L— 

O 

If? 

«o 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

1 O if 
1 Oi  O 

! 3 5 

06  s 

95  to  100 

Over  100 

76 

11 

9 

. 3|  4 

a 

1 

11 

14 

12 

1C 

> 16|  11 

> 11 

1 12 

5 12 

1 1 

7 1! 

5 l! 

6 1 

1 11 

3 8 

1 .'.  1 

6 

2 

2 

1 

1 

5 

1 

e 

4 

1 

6 

; 5 

> i 

[ 2 

-] 

* 2 
L .. .. 

2 5 

i 2 

1 l 

* 2 

} 2 

) ... 

2 .. 

1 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

5 

"'2 

1 

3 

’3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

2 

1 

1 

2 

”*i 

1 

2 

5 

2 

2 

3 

2 ... 

1 .. 

..  I 1 

..." 

1 

70 

9 

5 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

4 

9 

4 

8 

6 

6 

7 

6 

13 

9 

12 

11 

10 

6 1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

... 

1 

1 

5 

i .. 

14 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

”i 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7 

11 

2 

5 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

i . 

12 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

• T * * 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

22 

3 

5 

2 

3 .. 

..  1 

2 

. 

1 

1 

2 

4 

"4 

3 

5 

1 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

102 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  13. — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Causer 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condit’n 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

® 

1 

CO 

Married 

Widowed 

i Divorced 

Milwaukee  1 

U.  S.  other 
than  Mil. 

s 

e* 

"® 

h 

fe 

Total— All  Causes, 

371 

201 

170 

183 

127 

58 

3 

161 

51 

159 

General  Diseases 

95 

51 

44 

43 

44 

8 

34 

16 

45 

Typhoid  Fever — 

11 

8 

3 

5 

6 

1 

3 

7 

Small  Pox 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

*3 

1 

4 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7 

7 

7 

7 

Grippe 

3 

”2 

1 

1 

2 

.... 

1 

2 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

O 

1 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

32 

20 

12 

15 

15 

’2 

• • ;. 

10 

'**8 

14 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

7 

6 

1 

3 

3 

1 

4 

3 

Cancer 

22 

9 

. 13 

2 

15 

5 

4 

"3 

15 

Other  General  Diseases 

4 

O 

2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

Local  Diseases 

257 

133 

124 

133 

74 

47 

3 

122 

33 

102 

Meningitis 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

11 

6 

5 

1 

"6 

4 

'■*2 

9 

Paralysis 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

13 

4 

9 

i3 

L 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

8 

5 

3 

4 

3 

1 

2 

6 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

35 

18 

17 

4 

21 

9 

1 

3 

7, 

25 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

19 

10 

9 

12 

1 

6 

12 

7: 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

63 

36 

27 

39 

17 

7 

3d 

’**9 

21 

Othfir  Dispiasps  of  Re.splratory  System 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

16 

8 

8 

15 

1 

15 

1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

2 

1 

1 

2 

”2 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

Peritonitis  . 

3 

1 

2 

' i 

1 

“i 

”’2 

1 

Appendicitis 

4 

3 

1 

3 

*”i 

3 

1 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

16 

7 

9 

7 

‘7 

2 

6 

”2 

8 

Bright’s  Disease 

15 

8 

7 

6 

8 

1 

4 

4 

7 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito- Urinary  System.. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2: 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

Other  Malformations 

2 

”*2 

2 

2 

Congenital  Debility 

25 

15 

10 

25 

25 

Senile  Debility 

9 

5 

4 

3 

6 

2 

7 

Violence 

18 

16 

2 

6 

9 

3 

4 

2 

12 

Suicide 

4 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

Accidents 

14 

141 

5 

6 

”3 

3 

*2 

9 

Other  Causes— Ill-Defined 

1 

,1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

” 1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


103 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  December,  1904. 


AGE 

Under 
1 Year 

1 to  2 

w 

o 

(M 

3 to  4 

4 to  5 

5 to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

!3 

0 

0 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

0 

3 

0 

0 

■u 

£ 

‘2 

0 

0 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

S 

S 

00 

1 £ 
1 z 

i 

) c 

• 

! £ 

, Over  100  j 

88 

20 

9 

3 

3!  8 

7 

10 

14 

17 

11 

15 

17 

' If 

i 17 

14 

: 2( 

) 2; 

> 1< 

) 1! 

!»  11 

1 7 

' 1 

1 : 

5 

4 

f, 

2 

4 

1 

6 

1( 

2 

11 

4 

8 

4 

t 

I 17 

1 6 

i 6 

I 2 

i a 

i 1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

2 

2 

] 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

4 

5 

3 

3 

2 

1 

5 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

5 

4 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

82 

16 

1 

6 

3 

1 

4 

5 

2 

4 

5 

6 

5 

12 

12 

3 

6 

12 

23 

16 

16 

1 

10 

6 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

] 

3 

l 

1 

i 

10 

2 

j 

j 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

4 

1 

1 

2 

10 

1 

4 

3 

1 

12 

1 

1 

2 

1 

. 2 

18 

8 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

H 

1 

3 

2 

2 

4 

“5 

4 

1 

1 

2 

12 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

”l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

'l 

] 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

25 

* 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

- 

2 

] 

1 

2 

] 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

i 

1 

1 

1 

104 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  14. — Showing  by  Wards  the  Estimated  Population, 

. . . Some  of  the  More  Important 


!v;"TT:r"t  1 M ; j : ! ; • ; 

WARDS. 

Population. 

Total  Deaths. 

Monthly  Death 
Rate. 

Deaths  Under  One 
Year  of  Age. 

Deaths  One  to  Five  i 
Years  of  Age.  ( 

First  

9,600 

105 

11.67 

20 

6 

Second  

j 10,000 

108 

10.80 

21 

12 

Third  

| 5,500 

1 « 

15.29 

28 

12 

Fourth  

1 

| 10,000 

| 141 

14.10 

26 

16 

Fifth  | 

1 

| 10,300 

1 

| 143 

13.88 

32  ■ 

‘ 11 

Sixth  

14,000 

| 144 

10.29 

33 

5 

Seventh  

7,300 

1 69  1 

I 9.45  1 

16 

3 

Eighth  ... | 

| 11,200 

1 144  | 

[ 12.86  | 

1 

26 

1 6 

Ninth  

| 

| 18,700 

1 193 

| 10.32  | 

| 

| 50 

1 

20 

Tenth  | 

18,200 

1 162 

| 8.90 

37 

7 

Eleventh  

25,800 

| 311 

12.05 

110 

37 

Twelfth  

14.700 

212 

14.43 

64 

23 

Thirteenth  

20,000 

| 188 

9,40 

54 

13 

Fourteenth  | 

24,200 

1 

417  | 

| 17.23 

207 

i 

64 

Fifteenth  I 

1 13,900 

128  | 

| 9.21  | 

1 

24 

11 

Sixteenth  

10,800 

130 

12.04 

16 

4 

Seventeenth  

12,000 

143 

11.50 

45 

13 

Eighteenth  

16,300 

175 

10.72 

i 

56 

i 

17 

Nineteenth  

12,600 

1 H9 

1 

9.44  | 

1 

23 

i 

14 

Twentieth  

20,800 

221  | 

10.62  | 

49 

36 

Twenty-first  1 

1 

| 15,000 

145 

9.66  | 

1 

37 

12 

Twenty-second  | 

j 

13,200 

127 

9.62 

45 

14 

Twenty-third  1 

' 1 

| 10,000 

94 

9.40 

15 

5 

Hosptals  1 

1 

1 

465  | 

I 1 

61 

30 

1 

Total | 

1 

1 

325.000  | 

‘ 

1 1 

1 4,182  | 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1,106 

385 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


105 


Total  Deaths,  Annual  Death  Kate  and  Number  of  Deaths  from 
'Causes,  for  the  Year  1904. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


2^ 

O a 
.43  > 

Measles. 

Scarlet  Fever. 

b# 

.5  4= 

a aj 

2 3 
o C 

1° 

Diphtheria. 

Small  Pox. 

Sh  . 

CO  </! 
- V 
p C/3 
V CD 

- a 

0)  V 

P- 

Cancer. 

C/3  8 

If 

fH  t>. 

a.  a. 
4 

Oil  oulatory 
System. 

Bronchitis. 

Pneumonia. 

Nephritis. 

Diarrhoea! 
TTnder5  Years. 

Violence. 

WARDS. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

ii 

8 

7 

13 

1 

1 1 13 

1 

9 1 

1 

4 

30 

1 

' 1 

1 

.... 

1 

5 

3 

15 

17 

4 

12 

1 

4 1 
1 

14 

8 

E 

1 

3 

10 

10 

13 

.... 

1 

1 11 

1 

5 1 

1 2 

4 

1 

3 |.... 

1 

.... 

1 

20 

6 

18 

15 

I 

1 20  | 

1 J \ 

i.  i 

1 7 | 

l " 

7 

11 

1 

1 

17 

6 

20 

1 

14  1 4 

! 

16  | 

5 | 

14 

10 

Fifth 

i 

1 1 

1 

. . . . | 

1 

| 

2 

I 

I 

\ 

1 

1 

19  i 

V 1 
1 

10  1 

16 

20 

1 

5 

13 

1 

4 1 

. i 

7 1 

13 

Sixth 

1 

. . 1 

" 1 

1 

1 

1 | 

J-.7  | 
(| 

-LU  1 
5 | 

4 

7 

4 

10 

1 

4 

9 

1 

1 

1 1 1 

1 .1 

....| 

1 

! 

24  j 

i 

7 | 

18 

13 

5 

16 

11 

5 

6 

Eignth 

1 

1 

!•••■ 

i 41 

1 

|.... 

1 61 

1 

| 29  | 10 

| 24  ' 

| 20  | 10 

| 24 

1 

1 7 

i 12 

1 7 

| Ninth 

1 

i 

! 

i 

1 

1 

I 1 

' 

23 

1 

12 

22 

1 

1 17 

1 • 1 
1 4 113 

1 5 

12 

3 

Tenth 

i 1 
1 1 1 

1 A 1 

. 1 
1 i 

. . . . | 

, ij 

, 4 ' 

.... 

|.... 

38 

1 -Li 
u; 

| 38 

l ■L< 

| 24 

1 

I 16 

1 

| 50 

In 

| 27 

1 io  I1 

3 

1 2 

! il 

4 i 

.... 

| 24 

9' 

18 

16 

' | 7 29 

9 

20 

12 

| 

| Twelfth 

2 i.... 

I 4 

!|....! 

• i 

1 1 

1 i 

1 35 

1 9 

1 28 

1 1 
| 19  | 4 

! 20 

1 11 

1 14 

1 9' 

| . 

| Thirteenth 

I 

1 

2 | 2 

1 

1 1 

1 2 

1 

1 5 

|. 

1 . 

40  | 7 

1 

1 34 

1 

1 19 

l 

! 31 

1 71 

1 

1 io 

[ 61  | 11 

1 

1 Fourteenth 

( 

i . . 

1 

| 1 

| 

1 

3 

1. 

1 

13 

1 

1 4 

1 

1 16 

1 

i 91 

i E 

1 

1 5 

1 

1 11 

1 1 
17  19 

1 ■ 

1 Fifteenth 

1 

I 

1 X 
1 

1 . . 

1 * * * * 

1 

I . 

2 

f 

i 

12 

1 1 
1 

1 9 

1 

1 

15 

1 1 
1 14  1 6 

1 

1 14 

1 

j 6 

III  ' ' — 

1 3 1 10  1 Sixteenth 

1 

j 1 | 3 

2 

i . . . . 
1 

8 

1 6 

18 

13 

6 

| 

i ^ 

1 12 

| 10 

1 17 
1 

8 

I- 

1 

1 ' 
i 

1 

1 4 

| 1 

1 

1 1 

1 ■ • ■ • 

13 

j10 

| 24 
| 

18 

1 

1 4 

i i 

| 20  | 7 

i i 

14 

i 

6 

1 

I 

I 

’ 2 

l 

1 

1 

| 

1 

1 2 

'i 

1 

1 19 

1 4 

j 21 

i i 

l 11  l... . 

1 1 

1 16  1 5 

1 • 

1 8 

1 

1 4 

1 

I Nineteenth 

i i 

:2  | 1 | 3 

1 ' 

|.... 

1 4 | 

1 1 
| 36  | 9 

1 

| 23 

I..I  I I 

| 25  | 4 | 31  | 5 

III! 

1 1 1 

| 17  | 10  | Twentieth 

1 

4 |.... 

1 

|.... 

1 

|.... 

I 

1 

1 3 

i. 

I.-I 

i. 

! 24 

1 i 

| 13  | 13 

1 10 
I 

i 

1 2 
i 

i i 

1 14  | 7 

i i 

1 1 • 

16  14 

1 

1 

l i 

1 1 1 1 

1 . 

1 1 
1 

1 ■ 

1 3 
1 

i . . 

]•  J 
1 

| IS  | 5 | 17 

1 

1 4 

1 

1 4 
1 

1 1 
1 13  1 1 

I 8 

1 13 

I 

1 

1 

3 I-... 

i 

1 

1 4 
1 

1 

| 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

] 

1 13 
1 

i . . 

! 7 

i 14  11 

1 1 

1 

1 4 

j 6 | 7 | 4 
1 1 1 

1 6 
1 

| 

1 

1 

13  |.... 
1 

1 

1 5 
1 

1 

|.... 

1 

1 ! 

| 6 | ... . 
1 1 

| 26 
1 

| 48  | 37' 

1 -I 

| 23  i 14 
1 1 

| 39 
■1 

| 21  | 25  | 55  | Hospitals 

!•  I ! ! 

|-  I I I ;l  1 I 'I  11  ■]  :!  I . ! ■ .1^  ' . J . 

I I I !'  i I I I ' I I ' i l-l  I I 
43  | 16  | 41  | 6 | 53  | 1 |490  |224]  470 1 374 1 157 1 4931  179|  312|  247  | Total 

I I 1 I 1 I-  I I I I I I I I I 


C6 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  15. 


Showing  by  Months  the  Number  of  Deaths  Occurring  in  the  Various^ 
Public  and  Private  Institutions,  Hospitals,  Reformatories, 
etc.,  for  the  Year  1904. 


HOSPITALS. 

JAN. 

FEB. 

MAR. 

APR. 

MAY. 

June. 

JULY. 

AUG. 

SEPT. 

OCT. 

NOV. 

O 

H 

ft 

St.  Joseph’s  

4 

5 

5 

6 

4 

6 

2 

2 

6 

2 

4 

5 

Children’s  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

St.  Vincent’s  

4 

I 

2 

2 

5 

11 

■ 4 

4 

11 

1 

Emergency  

5 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

6 

5 

1 

4 

4 1 

6 

St.  Mary's  

1 5 

6 

7 

5 1 

1 

4 

5. 

7 

3 

2 

2 

4 

4 

Milwaukee  

8 

5 

6 

9 

5 

7 

8 

4 

6 

7 

9 

9 

Trinity  

5 

0 

5 

1 

4 

3 

5 

6 

5 

4 

4 

4 

Lakeside  

1 2 

1 3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Malone’s  

i ! 

” 1 

I 

Wisconsin  Iudstrial  School  for  Girls 

| 

!.J 

| . . J] 

,.Ji 

Riverside  Sanitarium  

1 1 
| i 

l 

1 | 





1 



1 | 

.... 

1 

1 | 

Knowlton  

1 

1 1 1 

| 2 

2 

2 

7 

3 | 

1 3 

1 

1 

....| 

f... 

1 

Sacred  Heart  

1 1 

1 

3 

j ] 

1 

1 

Prist  Graduate  

1 

I 

1 

!.... 

|.... 

| 

1 1 
1 

| 

i i ^ 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

| 

Others |.... 

1 5 

1 

l 1 

1 1 

i 

I.J 

1 * 

|.J 

1 * * * * 
1 

I....1 

| ! 

1 

j 

Notre  Dame  |.... 

1 2 

1 2 

1 1 

1111 

i 

2 

1 

Portestant  Home  for  the  Aged |.... 

| 1 

1 2 

1 , 

1 

2 

Isolation  Hospital  | 

1 

1 3 

1 

i i 
1 2 

| 

i 

2 

Home  for  Aged,  2000  Wells  St j 

..... 

f? 

1 

1 

i a 

3 

3 

1 

5 

3 

Milwaukee  Infants’  Home L... 

1 

1 I 

1 1 1 1 

1 

1 

1 

St.  Mary’s  Sanitarium  

1 

| 1 

1 

| 

1 

i 

West  Side  Police  Station |.... 

I.... 

1 

1 

1 

| 1 

|.... 

1 

i 

House  of  Mercy ‘ |.... 

| . . . 

.... 

1 

.1... 

I 

| 1 

1 

1 

1 

| 

Mount  Sinai  j.... 

1 

]..., 

1 

1 2 

1 

j.... 

2 

1 

1 

J 

1 3 

1 

St.  .Totm’s  TTnme 1.... 

1 

1... 

1 

. ... 

1 

. .... 

1 

.1 

1 

| 

1 

| 

1 

| 

t 

Hanover 1 

1(11 
....  ....  ...J.... 

!.... 

! 

1 

J.... 

1 

1 

1 1 I I 

House  of  Correction  j....|....|....|..., 

1 i 

!_ 

| 1 

1 1 1 1 

I 

J_ 

Total 

! I 1 

•|  40  1 36  | 45 

1 1 1 

1 

! 37 
1 

32 

I 35 

i 

1 46 
! 

35 

| 37 
1 

1 41 
! 

41 

1 

40 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


107 


TABLE  No.  16. 

Showing  the  Nativity  of  Those  Lying  in  the  City  During  1904. 


UNITED  STATES. 

FOREIGN. 

Milwaukee  1,971 

Wisconsin  other  than  Milwaukee 254 

New  York  82 

Illinois  45 

Pennsylvania  21 

Massachusetts  10 

Michigan  25 

Ohio  18 

Vermont  20 

Germany  1,036 

Poland  172 

Ireland  115 

England  43 

Bohemia  35 

Norway  22 

Austria  33 

Canada  36 

Holland  18 

Indiana  6 

New  Jersey  5 

Kentucky  4 

Iowa  7 

Mflinp  4 

Russia  15 

Scotland  22 

Italy  12 

Switzerland  7 

Sweden  T 

Missouri  9 

Minnesota  11 

Virginia  3 

Maryland  2 

Florida  1 

Louisiana  1 

Kansas  1 

Texas  1 

Hungary  1 

Mexico  1 

Demerara  1 

Nova  Scotia  1 

Belgium  2 

Wales  6 

Netherlands  1 

ppnma^k  6' 

North  Carolina  1 

Long  Island  1 

California  1 

New  Hampshire  5 

Connecticut  6 

Mississippi  1 

North  Dflkntn  1 

Atlantic  Ocean  1 

Greece  1 

Bavaria  1 

New  Brunswick  2 

Sicily  1 

Prussia  1 

France  f ,,,,,,  T T T T . T . . T 2 

Rhode  Island  4 

U.  S.,  unknown,  not  stated 57 

Saxony  , 1 

Roumania  1 

"Flnrnpp  1 

Total 2 K78 

Total  L604 

Grand  Total  4,182 

108 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  17. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Disposition  in  the  Various  Cemeteries,  and 
Otherwise,  of  the  Bodies  of  Those  for  Whom  Burial  or  Removal 
Permits  were  Issued,  During  the  Year  1904. 


CEMETERIES, 

ETC. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

| April. 

>> 

cS 

s 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

'November. 

December. 

Total. 

Permits  for 
Still  Births. 

Permits  for  Bodies 
Brought  to  City. 

Grand  Total.  . 

Union  

70 

84 

99 

71 

72 

72 

64 

66 

66 

66 

47 

83 

860 

91 

1 

130 

1081 

Forest  Home 1 

I 48 

44 

53 

1 57 

45 

34 

28 

40 

37 

38 

43 

54 

521 

30 

189 

740 

•Calvary  

90 

90 

114 

92 

88 

66 

82 

84 

79 

83 

82 

87  1 

1037 

91 

20 

1148 

Polish  Union  

46 

44 

63 

61 

47 

27 

1 

39  t 

51 

58 

41 

47 

40 

564 

63 

4 

631 

Pilgrims  Rest  

24 

37 

25 

20 

32 

24 

1 

25 

23 

37 

26 

21 

31 

325 

39 

7 

371 

Wanderers  Rest  

21 

18 

i 

18 

10 

14 

9 1 

11 

16 

17 

17 

15 

22 

188 

23 

9 

220 

Trinity  

15 

1 

11 

i 

1 H 

1 10 

1 

1 16 

9 

3 

10 

11 

9 

8 

14 

127 

8 

2 

137 

Greenwood  , t , , t tt  t T 

1 

1 

j 1 

2 ! 

1 3 

4 

4 

1 

1 

17 

2 

5 

24 

Spring  Hill  

2 

....| 

1 

. i 

1 2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

3 

2 

20 

1 

21 

Second  Home  . ..- 

2 

3 

1 

1 2 

3 

1 

1 4 

1 

2 

2 

21 

2 

1 4 

27 

I 

Cf  Fronci  o 

1 

1 

2 

2 

6 

1 6 

| 

■County  Farm  

5 

2 

5 

1 

3 

5 

3 

1 

| 

4 

3 

3 

3 

1 

| 

38 

16 

....1 

I 

1 54 
| 

For  Shipment  

33 

48 

| 

1 41 
| 

37 

1 38 

27 

1 35 
| 

1 24 
1 

33 

28 

27  1 

33  1 
| 

1 404 

5 

11  1 
I 

1 420 
1 

For  Anatomical 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

Pn  rnncpc 

j 7 

| 1 

j 1 

1 

.... 

2 

1 

....1 

1 13 

2 

1 

] 15 

Jl  UI  pooco  

1 

.... 

| 

| | 

I 

I 

Cremation  

1 4 

5 

1 4 
| 

1 6 

1 

9 

5 

1 1 

1 

1 3 
| 

1 3 
| 

1 5 
| 

1 1 1 
| | 

1 40 

8 1 

1 

1 48 
I 

UAAT1  f?  A 1 fl 

| 

1 

1 

L... 

1.... 

I....I 

1 1 

...J 

1 1 

! 

I 

! 

1 1 l l 

1 I 

1 _ I 

1 

Total 

Ls 

1 

389 

1 

Il39 

1 

1 

1373 

I 

1 

365  1275 

1 I 

1 

1300 

1 

1 

1330 

1 

1 

1346 

1 

1 

1322 

!. 

1 

1304 

1 

1 1 

1371  1 
I 1 

Ll82 

1 

I373 1 

1 

1 1 

1389  l 

1 1 

1 

14944 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


109' 


TABLE  No.  18. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

>» 

3 

a> 

fe 

| March. 

| April. 

May. 

| June. 

1 ! 

July.  1 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

1 

1 1 

| 

....1 

1 

.... 

. 

.. 

1 1 

...1 

...J 

! 

| 

1 

....| 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 

.. 

....| 

. 1 

....| 

.... 

.... 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 | 

1 

1 2 | 

1 

2 

1 

l 

1 | 

...J 

1 

1 

1 

i 

. 1 

....1 

1 

....| 

R O (TO’Q  o*p  m H n 

1 

....1 

1 

. 1 

1 

....| 

.... 



B&kcr 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

2 

i 

! 

1 

1 

Rq  rjl/Ai* 

1 

l 

1 

Barber  , , , , , 

1 

1 

...| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 | 

1 

Rci  TTpurlpi'  

1 

[.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

■RpII  "Rov 

1 

...1 

....| 

Rill  Tli  ofrihn  tores 

I . 

1 

1 

....1 

.1 

....! 

1 

1 

Rio  plrcrn  ith 

! i 
i... 

1 

! 2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

.... 

| 

....1 

.... 

Rai  1 pvrrt  q1?p»» 

1 

1.... 

| 1 

1... 

1 1 

....I 

• i 

1 | 

1 

1 

.... 

RooVhi  ti  Hpi» 

i.... 

1 

1 . 
1.... 

1 

1 

...1 

1 

.... 

1 

.. 

1 | 

Bookkeeper  

Boxmaker 

1 X 

1 

1.... 

l"" 

1.... 

I 2 
1 

| 1 

1 

|.... 

1 2 
1.... 

1 

1 3 

2 

|.... 

2 

1 

1 

... 

1 j 

1 • 

1.... 

1 

.... 

RoathmiQP  TTpprpi’ 

1... 

1 

|.... 

1 

.... 

I 

[ .. 

I....I 

1 

Brakeman  r 

1.... 

1 

1 

| 1 

1 

|.... 

1 

j.... 

.... 

1 

.... 

.... 

! 

i i 

.... 

.... 

Rracjcj  TTi  T1 1 dll  PI* 

I 

j.... 

1 

1 

1 . . . . 

1 

|.... 

1 

I.... 

|.... 

1 

I.... 

1 . 

.... 

1 

I 1 



1 

1 2 

2 

I 1 

1 

1 1 
I 

i.... 

1 

1.... 

1 

1 1 

I 

1.... 

1 

|.... 

l 

i.... 

2 

2 

1 

1 1 

Bricklayer  . r 

1 

| 1 

1 

!.... 

1 

1.... 

1 

1 

].... 

1 

I.... 

1 

!.... 

l 

1 2 

1 

1 

1.... 

Bridgetender  ’ 

Broker 

1 

1 1 
1 

I 

! i 
! 

1.... 

I 

|.... 

1 

1.... 

I 

I I 

1 

I 2 

1 

I 

1.... 

i 

1.... 

1 

I — 
1 

l.... 

! 

! — 
1 

!.... 

I 1 
I 

!.... 

! 

1 — 
1 

1.... 

Broom  Maker 

1 

|... 

1 

!.... 

1 ,1... 

1 

1 

1. ... 

L.L. 

!.... 

1.... 

1 

....1.... 

Rottlp  qVi  pi* 

I 

1 . 

I 

|... 

1 

|. 

1 

1... 

i i 

i i i.... 

1 1 

1 

I.... 

1.... 

1 

...  J.... 

"RntpViPr 

I 

1 

I 

1.... 

1 

| 1 

1 

1.... 

i i 

12  12 

1 

1 1 
1 

1 

1.... 

1 

!.... 

! 2 

1.... 

1 

I 2 

1 

1 

I 

1 

! 

1 

1 

I 

.1 

I 

2 

1 

15 

2' 

1 

T 

3 
8 
5 
1 
1 
11 

4 
3 

15 

1 

1 

3 


12 

4 

4 

2' 

1 

1 

10 


Total. 


110 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18. — Continued. 


U 

1 

OCCUPATION. 

>> 

3 

a 

bruary 

o 

• a 

a> 

a 

in 

§ 

jO 

a 

0> 

o. 

0) 

X> 

O 

s 

•O 

a 

0) 

> 

3 

X! 

a 

© 

j 

”5  * 

as 

1-5 

«< 

>-5 

1-5 

< 

w 

V 

O 

o 

>5 

0) 

Q 

O ij 

l 



1 ....  1 1 1 2 II  4 

1 

.... 

........  .... 

| | | | 1 

.... 

.................... 

II 

| | | 1 ||  1 

1.... 

.................... 

.................... 

1 1 II 

....|....|  1 | II  1 

Carpenter  

2 

1 

1 10 

J 

1 2 1 5 1 5 1 2 | 5 
1 1 1 1 

1 1 | | 

1 1 1 II 

1 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 ||  48 

1 1 1 1 II 

| | | | ||  1 

1 

III 
........ 1 1 

1 1 1 1 II 

| | f | ||  1 

1 I I 1 
| | | 1 

1 1 1 1 II 

| | | | | 1 

1 

1 1 1 1 1 
|....|  1 

1 II 

| .1 ...  .||  1 



1 1 1 1 1 
f | | l | | 

I I I II 

|....f .| 11  1 

3 

3 

.... 

1 1 1 1 1 
I....I  2 |....|  1 |... 

1 1 1 II 

...|....|  2 |. ...||  8 

Clerk  

Coachman  1 

2 

i 

.... 

1 1 

L, 

1 1 1 1 1 

1 5 1 5 1 3 1 2 1 1 
1 1 1 1 1 

| | ....  ... 

1 1 1 II 

11  11  3|-4||  31 

1 1 1 II 

...|  1 I....I  1 ||  2 

Coal  Ppaipr  ^ 

.... 

1 

....1 

1 

I....I 

1 1 1 1 1 
I 1 | | | . . . 

1 1 1 II 

...I....I..-..I  1 II  2 

Cnfil  TTpavat  _ 

1 

1.... 

....I....L.L.L 

j 1 1 II 

...  i L..I....H  i 

1ar»f*nr  1 

1 

...J 

....1 

A..L..I  i ... 

1 1 1 ll 

...| | | ||  3 

Pnmmprpipl  TpavpIpt* 

ll 

1 

1 

1 1 
■ ll 

1 1 I I 1 

1 |....|  2 

1 1 1 II 

6 

Ponrlnctor  1 

1 .1  1 1 1 
1 | | 1 1 |... 

1 1 1 II 

...| | | 1 ||  4 

Contractor  1 

....! 

I..I 

...J 

Ill]  1 
1 1 1 I....I  2 | 2 

'....I....I  il  il... 

1 1 1 II 

1 1 1 1 2 | 1 II  13 

iL.L.fill  4 

Cook  liftllf»t 

I 

■rAfippi"  

1 

i! 

....! 

1 1 1 1 

1 | j | 1 |... 

3|....|....l  3 II  10 

Cutter  ..ttttTTt 

.L. 

JiLl.J  1 

Decorator 

1 

...J 

1 

-1l 

1 

il  i I....I  J... 

...I....I....I....II  4 

TTon  ■M  cf-  

1 1 1 1 1 
1 ............... 

1 I.  1 11 

... 1 | 11  2 

Dprmtv  Ssbpriff 

1 

|. ...|....|  1 |... 

1 1 1 II 

...1....  ....I....II  1 

T)ioti|  ipr 

.... 

I 

....1 

1 1 1 1 
I | | |... 

1 1 1 II 

...I....I....I  1 II  1 

Dress  IVIaker  • « 

1 

| 

1 

3 ! 
| 

till 
...  .| | 112  11 

1 1 1 II 

1 1 2 I....I....I!  10 

Driver  

1 

1 

1 1 1 II 

...I....I  1 I....II  1 

"DriiP’S'ist  

1 

...J 

.J....I....I  ill) 

i 1 1 11 

1 1 1 1 11  4 

•L'i  u&b101,  

Pypf  

.... 

.... 

1 

....1 

1 1 1 1 I 

1 ....  1 1 1 ( 

1I....1....1..J1  1 

Elevator  IVIan 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 
1 

1 1 
1 

...J 

1 1 1 1 1 

.J....L.I..J  1 

'Rnjinppr  

1 

2 1 1 
1 

1 

1 1 1 1 1 

1 I 2 | 1 1 I....I 

1 1 1 1 1 

...  .1.  1 ! 

1 1 1 II 

2 1 1 | 2 1 3 II  16 

1 1 1 II 

1 1 1 1 1 

TlT'jrR'V<'r  

T^mrocio  Tlvirnn 

1 

...1... 

! 

1 1 
! 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 

....I....I....I  1 | | 1 | | II  2 

I 1 ! 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


Ill 


TABLE  No.  18. — Continued. 


occupation. 


Factory  Girl 


OJ 

9 

CL> 

m 

0/ 

<v 

SI 

js 

9 

Si 

s 

>• 

Ei 

o 

a> 

o 

<D 

a 

o 

<U 

< 

Tfl 

Q 

£ 

I I I 

■ I 1 

I I I I I I I I 

Farmer  I 6 6|3|1|4|2|1|1|3|1|3|5| 

I I I I I I I I I I I I 

Finisher  I — I — I — I — I 1 1 I — I — I — I — I 1 — I 

I I I I I I I I I I I I I 

Fireman  I 1 I — J l [ 3 II  1[  1 

Fish  Dealer  I — |. 

I I 

Fitter  I 1 |. 


Flagman  I 1 I 

Foreman  or  Woman [ 1 [ 


I I I I 


■ |. ...I  1 II 
I I II 

.1  II  211 
I I II 

.1  1 I II- 

I I II 

• I....I....II 

I J .11 


I I I I I 


I I I I I I I I I 

I I I I I I I 

| I ....  | ....  | 1 1 1 

I I I I I I I 

11112  | 1 1 1 1 | 

I I I I I I I 

Gardener  I 1 — 1 1 I 1 I ...  4 — I — I ....  I 1 

I I I I I I 

Gasfitter  I — I — I 1 I — I 1 I 

I I I I I I I 

Glove  Maker  I — I — I — I II  — I — I 

I I I I I I I 

Grocer  I 2 1 — I 1 I — I — I 1| 

I.  I I I I I I 1 J I I I II 

Harness  Maker  I....|....|....I...J....I....I  1 I 2 I....I  1 I 1 I ...  i II 

I I I I I I I I I I I II 

Hide  Dealer  I....I — 1.---I  1 I — I — I — I — I — I — I — I — II 

I I I I I I I I I I I I II 

HotelKecper r-i-t-r-ri-r-i  TTi"Tii 

H01'Se  Sh°er  j j j | l|  II 

House  Keeper  I 58  I 82  I 76  I 63  | 70  I 60  I 47  I 49  I 44  | 48  | 60  I 57  ||  714 

| I I I I I I I I I I I II 

Hydrant  Inspector  I — I — I — I — I — I — I 1 I — I — I — I — I — II 

I | I I • I I I I I I I I 

Insurance  Agent  I 1 I I II  — I — I II  II  II  — I 2 1 II  2 II 

Iron  Worker  I 11  — I — I II  2 1 — I — I — I — I — I II  111 

I | I I I I I I I I I I II 

Janitor  I I I 1 1 1 i — I — I •••.■I  — I 1 I — I — I — II 

I I I I I I I I I I I I I 

Junk  Dealer  I — I — I II  — I — I — I — I — I — I — I — I •.•••II 

I • I I I I I I I I, I I 

Jeweler  I I 1 I ....  I — I — I — I — I — I — I — I — I 211 

I I I I I I I I I I I I II 

Laborer  I 26  I 26  I 45  1 25  I 27  I 15  I 17  I 19  I 19  I 28  I 25  I 29  II  301 

I ' I I I I I I I I I ,1  I II 

Lake  Captain  I — I — I — 1 — I — I — I 1 I — 1 — I — I 1 I — I 

I I I III  I 

Lake  Pilot  1 I — ' — L,. .1  — I — — I — 

| L I I I I I I I I I I 

Laundryman  .. I I I 1 — 1 — I — I — I — I — I — I — I 111 

I | I I I I I I I I I ,1 

Laundress  I I I 1 — 1 — I — 1 II  2 1 — I — I ....  I I I 

I I I I I I I I I I I I II 

Lawyer  I — I — I — 1 — 1 1 I — 1 — I — I 1 [ — I — I 1 I 

| | I I I I I I I I I I 

Lineman  I I — I — I — I II  — 1 — I — I — I — I — I — 

I I I I I I I I I I I I I 

Lithographer  I....I....I....I  1 1 I....I....I....I....  .••• 

| | | I I I I I I I I 

Liveryman  I I I — 1 — I — I 1 1 — I — I — I — I, — — 

I | | I I I I I I I I, I If 

Live  Stock  Broker.’...*. I — I — l — 1 1 — 1”'"|  — j — j — j — | — || 


Locksmith  I I 1 I 1 — 1 — 1 — I — I — I — I 


I I I 


I I 


I I I 


Total. 


112 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18. — Continued. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


TABLE  No.  18— Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

1 

February.  i 

March. 

April. 

May.  - 

June. 

»-s 

w 

Et 

< 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

....! 

1 1 

....1 

1 1 1 1 

1 

....1 

1 

....| 

I 

....| 

1 || 

.... 

.... 

l | 

1 

.... 

1 1 1 1 1 
....I...  J... 

... 

.J 

•1 



2 



1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 

L.L.LLJ 

...'.1 

1 1 

f”| 

1 | 

....1 

1 I ! i! 

.... 

1 

\ i 

1 

'l 

1 

1 I 

1 | 

! 

1 

....| 

i 

....I 

....1 

1 

| 1 

1 

l | 

....1 

1 

.... 

1 

1 1 

1 

....I 

II 

• ...II 

Sailor  

2 

2 | 

1 

2 1 

1 

I 

2 

... 

....! 

i 

i 

1 

if 

l 

jj 

1 

....j 

l 

1 

j 

....i 

2 1 

i 

3 1 

....|| 

....| 

1 1 

....! 

1 | 

i 

....i 

i| 

II 

....II 

4 

3 

5 

2 

1 1 

3 

1 

3 1 

2 

...j 

.... 

...J 

il 

1 II 

| 

i 

| 

| 

|| 

1 

.... 

.... 

....I 

....1 

....II 



I 

| 

| 

|| 

School  Boy  or  Girl 

1 

3 

3 

1 

2 ! 

1 

1 | 

2 

i 

1 

2 1 
| 

i 

1 1 
| 

....II 

Sculpturer  * ,tt#T 1 

1 

....i 

1 

....1 



| 

i 

| 

| 

Seamstress 

1 

2 

...J 

....i 

....| 

1 1 

1 

....| 

1 II 

i 

1 

3 

2 

2 

....  1 

1 

3 1 

i 

2 1 

1 

2 1 

1 

....1 

3 II 

Spyton 

1 1 

1 

....1 

1 

....1 

1 

Shoemaker  1 

1 

1 

i 

.... 

1 1 

1 

... 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

| 

1 

1 1 

| 

1 

1 1 

| 

2 || 

i 

Stevedore  1 

1 

...  .1 

1 1 

1 II 

1 

SsfpnnoTfi  nil  pi* 

1 

2 

1 I 1 

1 1 1 

1 

1 | 

1 

....1 

1 

....1 

| 

| 

Stone  Cutter 

....I, 

....! 

1 | 

i 

Sfork"  DpaIpt 

i 

i 

1 1 

I 

....! 

1 

....| 

1 

....| 

i 

Stndpnt  1 

1 

2 

i 

i 

1 

2 1 

9 

1 

....1 

1 

1 ] 

1 

1 I 

il 

....ii 

Superintendent  , 1 

i 

1 

1 

....1 

1 

1 I 

n 

i ii 

1 

I 

I 

H 

Switch  man  I 

i 

1 

...j 

2 

....1 

2 1 

1 1. 

! 

T’nilnt*  1 

4 

2 

i 

i 

2 

1 

l l 

1 

...J 

1 

....! 

ii 

2 II 

! 

Tanner  1 

i 

i 

3 1, 

2 

1 

2 ! , 

1 

....! 

1 

2 1 

II 

1 II 

1 

Teacher  1 

i 

4 

2 

i 

2 

2 1 

1 

1 

3 i 
| 

1 

1 1 
| 

1 

1 1 
| 

2 1 1 
|| 

1 

Teamster  1 

| 

2 

4 

3 

1 ' 

2 

1 1 

2 

1 

9 ! 

| 

2 1 

| 

1 1 

| 

1 H 

1 

Tima  TiT  onrmv 

1 

1 1 

...  J, 

....1 

....1 

....II 

1 

Tinnpr  1 . . . 

1 

1 l 

1 

1 1 

1 

i 

1 

2 1 

■ 1 
I 

II 

1 

Trol  1 Pi»m  q 

1 1 

"”i 

...j 

1 

...J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

i 

i 

. ...  i . 

1 

. 1 

1 

....1 

II 

! 

Tunpcottar 

1 1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

l 

TTn  p fvlr  p i» 

i 

i i 

1 

1 I 

1 

I 

I 

! 

i 

1 

1 

II 

113 

C3 

O 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 

4 

11 

8 

2 

25 

1 

18 

.1 

5 

17 

1 

9 

2 

4 

1 

1 

10 

3 

7 

14 

12 

21 

21 

2 

1 

4 


1 


114  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BIRTHPLACE  OF  BOTH  PARTIES.  ||  ||  CEREMONY. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


115 


I 


175 

180 

ICO 

194 

•I.ncuaias 

rH 

Civil. 

raoQ 

3anoy 

eSpnf 

<X>  ^ ^ Tt< 

d T 

19 

23 

26 

72 

iH  CO 


O 05 
CO  ^ 


CO  «>  M h O 

rH  ^ CO  *£> 

CO  <M  <M  <M  CO 


05 

<M 


L- 


116 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BIRTHS,  1904. 


Table  Showing  Reported  Births,  as  to  Color,  Sex  and  by  Whom 
Reported,  by  Months. 


COLOR  SEX 
REPORTED. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

>> 

<-> 

August. 

0> 

-3 

a 

CD 

a. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

White  

648 

616  1 
1 

1 

760  1 
1 

1 1 

694  | 668 

i i 

ess! 

1 

630  i 

1 

1 

756  1 
1 

i 

696  1 
1 

1 

751  1 

631 

1 

II 

700  II 

II 

S188 

Colored  

l 

| 

| 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

| 

1 

1 | 

1 

1 

1 1 

II 

2 

Male  1 

338 

318  | 
1 

| 

359  1 

325  | 360  1 

335  1 

334  1 

1 

365  1 

357  1 

375  I 

329  | 348  1! 

4143 

1 

Female  1 

i 

310 

| 

1 298  1 

'401 

369  1 

308-  • 

l 

| 

"303  ' 

| 

297  ' 
1 

391  1 340  | 

376  1 

1 1 1 

302  | 352  || 

i 1 1 

4047 

1 

Physician  1 

1 

245 

1 j 

1 240  1 

i i 

342  I 

328  1 

1 

1 327  i 

l 

| 

280  1 

304  1 

320  1 

310  1 

337  1 

i 

278  | 

319  |l 

tl 

3630 

- 

Midwife  1 

1 

| 

403 

1 1 

1 376  1 
1 1 

| 

418  1 
1 

366  1 

1 

341  1 
1 

| 

358  1 
1 

327  1 
1 

| 

436  1 
1 

387  1 414  1 
1 1 

| 

353  1 

1 

! 1 

381  II 

II 

4560 

Total 1 

1 

648  ' 

| 

1 616  1 
1 1 

1 

760  1 

_l 

1 1 
694  1 668  1 
1 1 

1 

638  1 
1 

1 

631  1 
1 1 

756  I 

697  1 
1 

751  1 

1 

631  1 

I 1 

II 

700  II 

II 

8190 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


117 


Births,  Reported  by  Wards,  for  the  Year  1904. 


WARDS. 

January. 

j February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

>> 

►"3 

August. 

l 

September. 

October. 

November. 

1 

December. 

Total. 

First  1 

4 

13 

15 

5 

10 

121 

1 

5 

9 

9 

9 

11 

10  1 

! 112: 

Second  1 

5 

10 

12 

15 

8 

12 ! 

14 

13 

3 

12 

21 

1 

10  1 

1 135' 

Third  1 

64 

21 

7 

9 | 
1 

23 

6 

11 

34 

14 

15 

1 

21  1 
1 

25  | 
1 

! 250 

Fourth  1 

9 

14 

14 

14  1 
1 

14 

16 

19 

18 

9 

17 

' 8 ! 
1 

1 

13  1 

| 

165 

Fifth  1 

4 

9 

24 

ii ! 

i 

14 

18 

161 

21 

19 

20 

11  1 

13  1 

180' 

Sixth  1 

15 

23 

34 

1 

21  1 

1 30 

31 

34  | 

1 

24 

1 

20 

36 

| 

20  | 
I 

| 

35  1 

1 1 

353 

Seventh  1 

1 1 

5 1 

7 1 

7 

4 

4 

2 

' 5 

l 

5 

4 

1 

4 1 

1 

2 1 

! 1 

50 

Eighth  1 

10  1 

11  1 

1 

19  1 

15 

21 

13 

15  1 

21 

20 

12 

10  1 
I 

24  1 

1 | 

191 

Ninth  I 

34  ! 

47 

38  | 

42 

31 

48 

32 

49 

33 

36 

32  | 

1 

33  ! 

1 I 

455 

Tenth  1 

21  1 
l 

25 

j 

23  | 

41 

30 

36 

24 

24 

36 

34 

31  j 

36 

i i 

361 

Eleventh  1 

51  1 

57 

66  1 
| 

73 

51 

62 

61 

57 

. 78 

75 

56  j 

l 1 

52  I 

739 

Twelfth  1 

42  ! 

35 

44  | 

1 

37 

37 

26 

32 

43 

43 

50 

28  I 

1 1 

40  1 

i i 

457 

Thirteenth  1 

42  1 

46 

43  1 
| 

31 

44 

31 

39 

45 

47 

55 

| 

40  I 

! 1 
49  1 

i 

512 

Fourteenth  1 

84  I 
1 

82 

1 

98  I 
j 

89 

87 

60 

87 

100 

110 

101 

| 

96  | 

1 1 

77  1 

i 

771 

Fifteenth  1 

15  1 

l 

1 

9 1 
1 

24  I 

16 

22 

18 

13 

24 

22 

9 

| 

20  | 

1 

1 

21  1 

i 

213 

Sixteenth  1 

10  1 
1 

.8  I 
1 

16  1 
j 

12 

15 

9 

10 

15 

9 

14 

1 

11  1 
t 

! 1 
5-  t 

I 

134 

Seventeenth  1 

13  ! 
1 

13  1 

22  1 
j 

23 

15 

24 

27 

22 

25 

16 

1 

12  1 

14  ! 

i 

226 

Eighteenth  1 

35  1 

| 

33  1 
j 

29  1 

32 

19 

26 

21 

31 

21 

29 

| 

36  I 

l 

1 

32  | 

l 

344 

Nineteenth  1 

31  I 

22  | 

28  | 
j 

32 

25 

31 

26 

36 

27 

31 

21  1 

1 

28  1 

I 

330 

Twentieth  1 

33  1 

l 

33  1 
1 

40  1 
j 

34 

30 

40 

36 

42 

33 

54 

| 

30  I 

1 

1 

48  1 

i 

* 453 

Twenty-first  I 

43  1 

17  I 

| 

39  I 
j 

33 

40 

32 

36 

36 

21 

41 

23  l 

l 

I 

i 31  1 

l 

392 

Twenty-second  1 

35  ' 

i 

27  1 

l 

34  I 
| 

29 

25 

28 

15 

24 

35 

30 

1 

21  1 

1 

37  I 

I 

340 

Twenty-third  1 

13  1 

l 

1 

12  1 
| 

25  I 
| 

16 

16 

18 

17 

12 

14 

15 

| 

22  I 
1 

1 

16  I 
| 

196 

Not  stated  1 

34  1 
1 

44  1 
1 

60  1 
1 

57 

49 

37 

39 

51 

34 

36 

41  1 

1 

49  I 

1 

531 

Total I 

1 

648  1 

1 

1 

616  1 
1 

! 

760  1 
1 

694 

1 

668 

! 

636 

1 

631  1 

1 1 

756 
1 1 

697  I 

1 

751 

1 1 

1 

631  1 
1 

1! 

700  II  8190 
II 

118 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Nativity  of  Father. 


BIRTHPLACE. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

>> 

l“5 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

Milwaukee  1 

114 

95 

154 

! 

144 

l 

123 

128 

123 

147 

115 

136 

113 

125 

1517 

Wisconsin,  outside  of 

1 

1 

Milwaukee  

82 

72 

149 

i 100 

l 

84 

85 

98 

82 

79 

82 

80 

97 

990 

‘Others  of  United 

1 

States  

49 

57 

79 

76  1 

73 

69 

57  1 

65 

67 

100  1 

67  | 

81 

i 

1 840 

Germany  

231 

225 

277 

| 

196  1 
1 

229 

l 

214 

209 

l 

252 

l 

| 

1 246 

253  | 

| 

194 
1 1 

1 

221 

1 

| 

1 2747 
1 

Other  European 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Countries  1 

168 

159 

190 

169  | 

l 

149  1 

l 

136  1 

121  1 
l 

205 

l 

1 181 
I 

1 172  j 

176  | 

1 

172  ||  1998 

Unknown  or  Not 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i i 

1 | 

i 

| 

Stated  1 

1 

4 

1 

8 

11 

9 1 
1 

10  1 

6 1 

1 

I 23  | 

1 

5 

1 

1 9 
1 

1 8 | 

1 

1 1 

1 

4 1 

1 1 

| 98 

Total 1 

648  1 

616 

760 

1 

694  | 

66S  1 

638  1 

1 

631  1 

1 

756 

1 697 

| 

1 751  | 

1 1 
1 631  | 

1 700  1 

1 8190 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

Nativity  of  Mother. 


BIRTHPLACE. 

January. 

February. 

1 

| March. 

April. 

ai 

June. 

July. 

CG 

bJD 

<3 

£ 

.0 

0) 

rJ2 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milwaukee  

1 

136 

155 

170 

1 

170  1 
1 

1 162 

1 

156 

148 

177 

161  | 

191 

136 

159 

i 

1 

1 1921 
1 

Wisconsin,  outside  of  1 
Milwaukee  1 

• 

97 

1 83  1 

I i 

106  1 
l 

1 

111  1 
| 

100  1 

102  1 
1 

108 

l 

121 

l I 

89  l 

I 

110 

91 

102  | 
1 1 

! 85  1 
1 1 

i 1220 
1 

1 

'Others  of  United 

States  1 

| 

51 

1 

1 47  | 

l 

1 

1 88  | 

1 

1 186  1 

65  ! 

1 

78  I 
1 

55 

i i 

62  1 

| 

1 - 1 

71  1 
1 

79 

63 

! 940 

■Germany  1 

213 

1 197  1 
1 | 

| 

[ 250  1 

1 

86  1 
1 

203  1 

181  1 
1 

184 

1 230  1 

1 

1 

240  1 
[ | 

226  . 

| 

1 169 
1 

1 193  | 
1 1 
1 1 
1 161  1 
1 | 

| 

1 2372 
| 

■Other  European  . 1 

Countries  1 

149 

1 1 

1 134  | 
1 1 

1 

1 

145  1 
1 

1 

1 

139  1 

l 

135  1 
1 

i 

116  1 
1 

120  1 

i i 

163  1 

1 1 

1 1 
132  1 
1 

144 

1 172  1 
1 

1 

1 1710 
1 

Unknown  or  Not 

Stated  1 

1 

2 1 

i 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 

2 1 
1 

1 

3 1 
1 

1 

5 1 

1 

16 ! 

1 

3 1 

1 1 

1 

4 1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 1 
1 1 

, 1 

1 

I 27 
1 

1 

Total 1 

1 

1 

648 

1 

1 ’1 
1 616  1 

1 1 

1 

760  1 
1 

1 

694  | 
1 

1 

668  1 
1 

1 

638  1 
1 

631  1 
1 

756  1 
! 1 

1 1 

697  1 
! 1 

751  1 

1 631  1 
1 1 

1 1 

1 700  1 
1 1 

1 

1 8190 
1 

REPORT 

OF 

CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR. 


119 


REPORT  OF  CHIEF  SANITARY 
INSPECTOR. 


F.  M.  Schulz , M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir I have  the  honor  to  submit  a report  of  the  work  of  the  inspector 

for  the  year  ending  April  10,  1905. 

The  accompanying  tables  give  in  detail  the  work  done  by  the  depart- 
ment for  improving  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  city. 

Much  of  the  inspectors’  time  has  been  consumed  in  combatting  com- 
municable diseases,  principally  small-pox,  the  mildness  of  the  prevailing 
type  making  it  very  difficult  to  control.  During  the  year  1904  there  were 
448  known  cases  with  only  one  death  (a  hidden  case).  Of  these  cases 
about  one-fourth  were  reported  by  physicians,  the  remainder  being  found 
by  inspectors  in  a house  to  house  search  in  districts  of  suspected  con- 
tagion. Nearly  all  of  the  cases  were  removed  to  the  Isolation  hospital,  all 
persons  known  to  have  been  exposed  were  vaccinated,  the  houses  carefully 
disinfected,  after  which  the  “bread  winners”  were  permitted  to  pursue 
their  usual  vocations.  The  only  restrictions  placed  upon  these  families 
being  the  use  of  schools  and  library  for  fourteen  full  days,  during  which 
time  the  inspectors  called  every  second  day.  The  few  cases  remaining  at 
home  were  placed  under  absolute  quarantine^  a guard  being  maintained 
day  and  night  until  fourteen  days  after  complete  recovery. 

All  places  from  which  typhoid  fever  cases  were  reported  were  care- 
fully inspected  to  discover,  if  possible,  the  source  of  infection. 

All  funerals  of  persons  dead  of  diptheria  or  scarlet  fever  were  at- 
tended by  an  inspector  to  see  thatdhey  were  strictly  private. 

The  rigid  enforcement  of  the  ordinance  regulating  cow  stables  within 
the  city  has  resulted  in  greatly  improving  the  condition  of  the  stables, 
besides  inducing  many  to  remove  their  dairies  into  the  country,  as  licenses 
were  withheld  until  all  orders  had  been  complied  with. 

There  have  been  but  two  horses  afflicted  with  glanders  reported  and 
disposed  of,  and  the  barns  cleaned  and  disinfected  under  the  supervision 
of  the  department. 

The  meat  and  food  inspectors  have  confiscated  10,070  pounds  of  meat 
which,  if  in  good  condition,  would  have  been  worth  $619.79;  and  3,438 
pounds  of  fish  valued  at  $183.68;  dressed  poultry,,  1,477  pounds,  valued 
at  $143.39;  fruit,  1,594  pounds  valued  at  $39.46;  vegetables,  24,008 


121 


122 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


pounds,  valued  at  $95. ; flour,  1,500  pounds  valued  at  $250  : ; and  candy, 
23  pounds  valued  at  $1.,60. 

During  the  year  the  department  has  examined  5,705  samples  of  milk, 
2,706  samples  of  cream;  477  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals, 
also  30  samples  of  meat  for  trichinae,  and  13  samples  of  lake  water  as 
well  as  74  samples  of  well  water. 

The  ice  for  domestic  purposes  is  brought  from  country  lakes,  as  all 
of  the  ice  harvested  from  the  waters,  in  Milwaukee  county  is  supposed  to 
be  used  exclusively  for  cooling  purposes. 

The  inspectors  have  made  26,690  written  reports,  including  re-inspec- 
tions, of  which  2,642  were  citizens’  complaints.  From  these  reports  the 
department  has  issued  2,456  orders  to  clean  vaults,  3,555  general  orders 
to  provide  sewers  and  446  cease  orders. 

The  following  tables  show  the  various  kinds  of  orders  issued : 


ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  BAKERIES. 

Clean  bake  shop 17 

Clean  floor  5 

Clean  rising  boards  or  tables 2 

Clean  towels 1 

Close  bake  shop 1 

Extend  chimney  1 

Provide  floor  2 

Provide  cement  or  hardwood  floor 17 

Repair  bake  shop 1 

Whitewash  bake  shop 18 

BUTCHER  SHOPS. 

Clean  butcher’s  offal  from  yard 1 

Connect  butcher  shop 1 

Provide  cement  floor 3 

Reline  ice  box 1 

Repair  slaughter  house 3 


ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  BARNS 

Cease  drying  bedding 

Cease  hauling  garbage  in  wagon 

Clean  barns  

Clean  and  whiten  milk  room 

Clean  cow  yard 

Clean  tank  

•Cover  tank  

Connect  barn  to  sewer 

Repair  barn  

Whitewash  barn  . 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  123 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  PLUMBING. 

A. 

Clean  sewer  88 

Connect  rear  house 5 

Connect  ice  box 9 

Connect  roof  conductors 17 

Connect  sink  15 

Cover  catch  basin 1 

Provide  sewer  2 

Repair  and  relay  sewer 22 

Seal  sewer  1 

B. 

■ Clean  sink  and  water  pipe 4 

Provide  sink  2 

Remove  sink  1 

• Repair  sink  7 

Repair  sink  waste  pipe 13 

Repair  sink  trap 1 

Tile  drain  in  basement 1 

Trap  sink  13 

Test  plumbing  1 

C. 

Clean  slop  hopper 8 

Provide  slop  hopper 8 

Provide  catch  basin 1 

Remove  slop  hopper 1 

Repair  slop  hopper 1 

D. 

Clean  water  closet 60 

Connect  water  closet 1 

Provide  light  and  ventilation  for  water  closet 1 

Provide  water  closets 1276 

.Provide  water  for  water  closet 44 

Remove  pan  closet 7 

Remove  waste  pipe 1 

Repair  water  closets 33 

E. 

Clean  catch  basin 3 

Provide  catch  basin 1 

Repair  catch  basin 3 

. F- 

Renew  plumbing  11 

Repair  plumbing  87 

Repair  water  pipe 2 


121 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  VAULTS  AND  URINALS. 

A. 

Disinfect  vault  3. 

Fill  vault 1473 

Provide  water-tight  vault 4 

B. 

Clean  urinal  2 

Provide  urinal  12. 

Provide  dry  earth  closet 11 

Provide  custodian  1 

Repair  urinal  G 

ORDERS  TO  CEASE  COMMITTING  NUISANCE. 

Cease  cleaning  cuspidors  on  street 4 

Cease  burying  rubbish I 

Cease  draining  on  street ' 2. 

Cease  locking  water  closet I 

Cease  turning  off  water I 

Cease  burning  hides  and  scrapings 1 

Cease  burning  manure 2. 

Cease  contaminating  river  by  tar  and  oil 3- 

Cease  draining  fish  barrel  on  sidewalk 2. 

Cease  drying  grain 1 

Cease  loading  grain 1 

Cease  keeping  diogs 1 

Cease  mixing  garbage 6. 

Cease  throwing  slops  and  waste  water  in  alley 14 

Cease  throwing  slops  in  yard 5 

Cease  throwing  manure 1 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  GARBAGE  AND  MANURE  NUISANCES. 

A. 

Clean  garbage  box I 

Clean  garbage  chute 3- 

Provide  garbage  chute 3> 

Provide  ash  chute 1 

Provide  ash  box 117 

Provide  cover  for  garbage  box lb 

Provide  garbage  box 411 

Remove  garbage  chute 1 

Remove  garbage  box 17" 

Remove  mixed  garbage * 25 

Repair  garbage  box 2. 

B. 

Provide  manure  box 173 

Provide  cover  for  manure  box 42 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  125 

Remove  manure  280 

Repair  manure  box 45 

MISCELLANEOUS  ORDERS. 

Bank  house  1 

Bank  lot  1 

Boil  water  before  using 20 

•Clean  alley  .* 42 

•Clean  man  hole 1 

Clean  and  repair  furnace 1 

Clean  and  disinfect  wooden  drain 1 

Clean  and  fill  cistern 5 

Clean  basement  cellar  and  premises 36 

•Clean  cistern  69 

Clean  room  1 

Clean  pen  for  poultry.... 21 

•Clean  shed;  4 

Clean  stairs  1 

Clean  stable  1 

■Clean  well  1 

•Clean  yard  161 

Close  barber  shop 1 

Confine  dog  57 

Confine  poultry  '. 1 

Cover  cistern  9 

Cover  well  11 

Destroy  sputum  • 1 

Destroy  dog  2 

Destroy  ivy  2 

Disinfect  basement  1 

Disinfect  under  sidewalk 1 

Drain  basement  and  cellar 22 

Drain  meter  box 1 

Enclose  barn  1 

Extend  chimney  *. 6 

Fill  basement  and  cellar . 3 

Fill  cess  pool : 4 

Fill  cistern  . . .’ '. 83 

Fill  ditch  2 

Fill  or  drain  lot 16 

Fill  or  drain  basement 2 

Fill  well  91 

Provide  retaining  wall 3 

Provide  eave  gutters  for  house  or  barn 30 

Provide  floor  4 

Provide  vegetable  platform 1 

Provide  tight  pavement 2 

Provide  water  3 


126 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Remove  bones  1 

Remove  dead  horse 1 

Whitewash  barber  shop 2 

Whitewash  pen  for  poultry 2 

Respectfully  submitted, 

T.  H.  CURTIS, 

Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 


REPORT 

OF 

SECRETARY. 


127 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY. 


F . M.  Schulz , M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir — I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  financial  report  of  the 
Health  Department  for  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1904. 

HEALTH  DEPARTMENT  FUND. 

Jan.  25.  Printing,  blank  books  and  stationery $452  70 

Postage  145  92 

Board  and  treatment  of  patients,  Pasteur  Institute 342  00 

Butter,  milk,  and  eggs 14  18 

Services  of  nurses 22  00 

•Ice  ! 10  80 

Telephone  service,  Oct.  1 to  Dec.  12,  1903 32  96 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 212  07 

Feb.  1.  January  pay  roll 3,979  19 

8.  Livery  hire  328  00 

Coal  1 00 

Milk  and  Bread 16  35 

Supplies,  etc 181  50 

23.  Groceries,  meat,  milk,  bread,  etc 214  04 

Coal  218  15 

Services  of  nurses 23  33 

Ice  5 50 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 487  16 

Mch.  1.  February  pay  roll 3,702  86 

7.  Advertising  1 73 

Groceries 53  91 

Coal  and  wood 64  40 

Lighting,  gas,  fourth  quarter,  1903 39  20 

Telephone  service,  first  quarter,  1904 , 38  50 

Printing  and  stationery 84  00 

Rent  of  Wis.  Gen.  Hospital,  Sept.  15  to  Dec.  16,  1903 375  00 

Telephone  toll  service 1025 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 27  80 

21.  Groceries,  meat,  milk,  bread,  etc 153  04 

Services  of  nurses 54  68 

Ice  6 25 

Printing  105  50 

Postage  13  36 

Coal  531  00 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc.. 229  45 

April  1.  March  pay  roll 3,445  37 


129 


130  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

4.  Expenses  of  investigation  of  eastern  cities 87  65 

Advertising  1 73 

Stationery  16  00 

April  18.  Groceries  and  milk 71  33 

Livery  hire,  January 135  00 

Lighting,  gas,  first  quarter 41  60 

Services  of  nurse 17  50 

Ice  . ' 6 75 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 74  93 

25.  Services  11  25 

May  2.  Groceries,  meat,  milk,  butter,  etc 117  93 

2 fire  alarm  boxes 250  00 

Livery  hire,  February 113  00 

Coal  27  60 

Service  of  nurses 26  00 

Telephone  toll  service 3 25 

Stationery  * 59  00 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 222  86 

Ice  7 80 

2.  April  pay  roll 3,267  93 

16.  Printing  117  50 

Groceries,  meat  and  milk 166  57 

Services  of  nurses 42  67 

Rent  of  Wis.  Gen.  Hospital,  Dec.  15  to  March  16,  1904.  . . 375  00 

lee  6 50 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc ♦ 189  88 

Postage  46  72 

31.  Groceries,  butter,  eggs,  etc 59  61 

Professional  services  100  00 

Coal  64  88 

Supplies,  etc 105  88 

June  1.  May  pay  roll 3,399  62 

13.  Books  and  stationery.*. 9 20 

Groceries,  meat,  milk,  etc 171  35 

Coal  4 50 

Ice  0 50 

Telephone  service,  second  quarter 38  50 

Postage 10  36 

Supplies,  etc.  • 93  95 

27.  Advertising  4 30 

Printing  114  80 

Groceries,  meat  and  bread 88  35 

Livery  hire,  March,  April  and  May 340  00 

Services  of  nurses 34  00 

Telephone  toll  service 3 40 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 389  84 

July  1.  June  pay  rolls 3,348  8d 

25.  Groceries,  meat,  milk,  etc 293  37 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  131 

July  .25.  Professional  services  10  00 

Postage  18  30 

Lighting,  gas,  second  quarter 31  20 

Services  of  nurses 18  68 

Ice  0 50 

Printing  57  25 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 165  86 

Aug.  1.  July  pay  rolls 3,540  65 

8.  Postage  14  36 

Coal  and  wood 34  25 

Groceries  and  meat 40  51 

Ice  10  00 

Telephone  service,  third  quarter 38  50 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 38  85 

22.  Printing  90  30 

Groceries,  meat,  milk,  etc 153  25 

Ice  25  20 

Stationery  9 50 

Postage  636 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 156  83 

Sept.  1.  August  pay  roll 3,227  79 

6.  Postage  10  36 

19.  Groceries,  meat,  milk,  etc 91  34 

Coal  51  98 

Livery  hire,  June,  July 216  00 

Ice  6 75 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc ' 379  69 

Oct.  3.  Printing 5 25 

Coal  25  90 

Supplies,  etc 127  00 

4.  September  pay  roll 3,221  53 

Rent  of  Wis.  Gen.  Hospital,  March  15  to  Aug.  16 625  00 

24.  Groceries,  meat,  milk,  etc 250  01 

Services  of  nurses 22  01 

Ice  6 50 

Stationery  31  25 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 176  02 

31.  Advertising  1 70 

Coal  37  25 

Postage  10  36 

Printing  80  90 

Supplies  and  repairs 24  84 

Nov.  1.  October  pay  roll 3,300  16 

14.  Printing  182  00 

Groceries  and  milk 60  92 

Nov.  14.  Lighting,  gas,  third  quarter 22  32 

Services  of  nurses z.4  OO 

Telephone  toll  service , 475 


132  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 86  47 

28.  Advertising  19  55 

Postage  27  00 

Dec.  1.  November  pay  roll 3,946  12 

12.  Groceries,  meat,  butter,  etc 250  10 

Livery  hire,  August,  September  and  October 267  00 

Services  of  nurses 20  00 

Ice  19  65 

Telephone  service,  fourth  quarter 38  50 

Supplies,  repairs,  etc 357  76 

27.  Advertising  25  16 

Services  of  nurses  72  67 

Groceries  and  meat 26  38 

Coal  115  19 

Ice  6 50 

Printing  91  69 

Lumber  and  mason  work  on  dog  pound 270  00 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 753  61 

1905. 

Jan.  3.  December  pay  roll 4,037  03 

Professional  services  10  00 

9.  Labor  on  dog  pound 125  00 

Stationery  28  50 

23.  Printing  74  38 

Water  * 70  00 

Work  done  by  Board  of  Public  Works 103  23 


$57,339  89 

RECAPITULATION. 

Pay  rolls  $42,417  10 

Groceries,  meat,  milk,  butter,  etc 2,292  59 

Coal  and  wood 1,176  10 

Rent  of  Wisconsin  General  Hospital 1,375  00 

Tee  131  20 

Lighting,  gas  134  32 

Telephone  service  186  96 

Telephone  service  toll 21  65 

Advertising,  printing,  books  and  stationery 1,663  89 

Professional  services  and  treatments 462  00 

Services  of  nurses 377  54 

Postage  303  16 

Livery  hire  for  ambulance,  etc 1,399  00 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 4,934  38 

Work  on  dog  pound 395  00 

Water  : 70  00 


$57,339  89 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


133 

GARBAGE  DISPOSAL  FUND. 

Jan.  25.  Coal  $1,802  8G 

Supplies  and  material 331  50 

Feb.  1.  Rent  of  land  for  burying  garbage,  December 300  00 

January  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,314  00 

January  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,173  72 

23.  Coal  40  20 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 137  56 

Mch.  1.  February  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 4,938  75 

February  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 1,778  84 

February  pay  roll,  loading  garbage  for  shipment 212  94 

7.  Garbage  boxes  129  75 

Coal  232  35 

Telephone  service,  first  quarter 36  00 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 181  75 

21.  Supplies,  material  and  repairs 4 95 

Garbage  box  43  25 

April  1.  March  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,786  00 

March  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,092  41 

March  pay  roll,  loading  garbage  for  shipment 42  00 

4.  Coal  671  11 

18.  Supplies  and  material 48  05 

May  2.  Coal  695  47 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 196  71 

April  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,375  00 

April  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 2,157  35 

April  pay  roll,  loading  garbage  for  shipment 193  34 

16.  Coal  382  53 

Supplies  and  material  20  35 

31.  Coal  1,288  32 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 389  80 

June  1.  May  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,219  00 

May  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,224  1 1 

13.  Coal  131  67 

Telephone  service,  second  quarter 36  00 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 37  76 

27.  Garbage  boxes  and  covers 238  50 

Coal  734  72 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 144  63 

July  1.  June  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 6,146  50 

July  1.  June  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,569  60 

25.  Garbage  boxes  173  00 

Coal  . 64  68 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 100  60 

Aug.  1.  July  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,999  00 

July  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,570  58 

8.  Coal  889  13 

Garbage  box  bottoms 175  00 


134 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Telephone  service,  third  quarter ' 36  00 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 112  72 

22.  Coal  677  04 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs . 209  53 

Sept.  1.  August  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 6,023  00 

August  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,690  29 

19.  Coal  1,826  41 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 277  45 

Oct.  3.  Coal  344  12 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 120  36 

4.  September  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage 5,737  75 

September  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,780  57 

24.  Coal  156  19 

Supplies,  material,  etc 25  07 

31.  Coal  473  93 

Supplies  and  material 90  75 

Nov.  1.  October  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,599  75 

October  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 3,768  43 

14.  Supplies  and  material 22  87 

28.  Supplies  19  65 

Coal  724  43 

Dec.  1.  November  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,369  00 

November  pay  roll,  disposing,  garbage 3,452  77 

12.  Material,  etc.  103  00 

Telephone  service,  fourth  quarter 36  00 

27.  Coal  743  84 

Supplies,  material  and  repairs 269  47 

C.  Turner,  disposing  garbage,  Dec.  1 to  24,  less  15  per 

cent,  retained  1,122  00 

1905. 

Jan.  2.  December  pay  roll,  collecting  garbage  and  animals 5,574  75 

December  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage 595  39 

December  pay  roll,  loading  garbage  for  shipment 531  50 

12.  December  pay  roll,  disposing  garbage  (hoist) 75  00 


$121,041  27 


RECAPITULATION. 


Pay  rolls,  collecting  garbage  and  animals $67,082  50  j 

Pay  rolls,  disposing  garbage 35,929  06  | 

Pay  rolls,  loading  garbage  for  shipment 979  78  j 

C.  Turner,  disposing  garbage 1,122  00  ! 

Coal  11,879  90 

Garbage  boxes,  covers  and  bottoms 759  50  : 

I 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  135 

Telephone  service  144  00 

Supplies,  material  and  repair?- 2,844  53 

Rent  of  land  for  burying  garbage 300  0o 

$121,041  27 

Respectfully  submitted, 

FRANK  B.  SCHITTZ, 

Secretary. 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Committee  on  Health 3 

Officers  and  Employees 5 

Report  of  Health  Commissioner 7 

Report  of  City  Isolation  Hospital  No.  1 23 

Report  of  City  Isolation  Hospital  No.  2 27 

Report  of  City  Bacteriologist  and  Chemist 31 

Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Vital  Statistics 57 

Report  of  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector 119 

Report  of  Secretary 127 


13fl 


c . : 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


imi ssioner  of  Hull 


OF 


MILWAUKEE. 

(TWENTY-NINTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT.) 


APRIL,  1906. 


MILWAUKEE: 

CANNON  PRINTING  COMPANY. 
1906. 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


(ommissioner  of  Italtli 


OF 


MILWAUKEE. 


(TWENTY-NINTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT.) 


APRIL  1906. 


MILWAUKEE: 

CANNON  PRINTING  COMPANY. 
1906. 


COMMITTEE  ON  HEALTH 

OF  THE 

BOARD  OF  ALDERMEN. 

Fred.  C.  Bogk, 

J.  R.  Kuschbert, 

F.  C.  Schumacher, 

Jos.  Ritti.eat, 

John  Klaesner, 

Gustav  Raetz, 

H.  Stoetzer, 


3 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES 


OF  THE 

Health  Department  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee 

FOR  THE 

YEAR  ENDING  APRIL  16,  1906, 


Commissioner  of  Health, 

F.  M.  SCHULTZ,  Ph.  G.  M.  D. 

Medical  Assistants  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health, 

Arthur  J.  Patek,  M.  D.  Louis  F.  Jermain,  M.  D. 

W.  C.  Witte,  M.  D., 

Charles  J.  Coffey,  M.  D.,  James  J.  Hackett,  M.  D. 

Bacteriologist, 

Otiio  Fiedler,  M.  D. 

Chemist, 

Chas.  M.  Schoen,  M.  L). 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics, 

Frank  E.  Darlling,  B.  S.,  M.  D. 

Secretary, 

Frank  B.  Schultz, 

Clerk, 

Geo.  E.  Adams. 

Registration  Clerk, 

Miss  Henrietta  Windfelder. 

Stenographer  and  Clerk, 

Miss  Helen  Wilson. 

Stenographer, 

Miss  N.  H.  Taylor. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES-Continued. 

* 


T.  H.  Curtis,  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector, 

Ferd.  Mack,  Jr.,  Chief  of  Disinfecting  Corps. 
F.  J.  Carney,  Meat  Inspector. 

E.  F.  Allee,  Meat  Inspector. 

Phil.  Stock,  Meat  Inspector. 

Ed.  McGrath,  Meat  Inspector. 

Jas.  Skiba,  Complaint  Clerk. 


Sanitary  Police. 


H.  Kiehl,  Milk  Inspector, 

J.  F.  Cunningham, 

E.  Seaman, 

Peter  McHugh, 

J.  Mahkorn, 


C.  F.  Kruckenberg, 

Jacob  H.  Schultz, 

John  H.  Houleiian, 


Sidney  Hartwell, 

J.  Campbell, 

Felix  Machalak, 

J.  M.  Cai.ligan, 
0.  Klein, 


Joe  Debfus, 

John  Dodge. 


Matron  to  City  Isolation  Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases. 
Miss  Vera  Balegoski. 

Cook  to  City  Isolation  Hospital, 

Sarah  Haisler. 

Janitor  to  City  Isolation  Hospital. 

Mike  Haisler, 


6 


REPORT. 


To  the  Honorable,  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Mil- 
waukee : 

Gentlemen  :: — I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  for  vour  con- 
sideration the  annual  report  of  this  department,  consisting  of  the  follo- 
wing; the  report  of  the  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics,  the  Bureau  of  Milk 
and  Food  Inspection,  the  Secretary,  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  and  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Collection  and  Disposal  of  Garbage,  for  the  year 
ending  April  17th,  1906,  being  the  twenty-ninth  annual  report  of  the 
department. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

F.  M.  SCHULTZ.  M.  D. 

Commissioner  of  Health. 


7 


REPORT 

OF 

CITY  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1. 


9 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1. 


F.  M.  Schhulz , M.  1J.,  'Commissioner  of  Health. 

Dear  Sir: — I herewith  submit  a report  of  the  patients  treated  for 
variola  at  the  Isolation  Hospital  Ho.  1 during  the  ^ear  ending  De- 


cember 31st,  1905. 

No.  of  patients  admitted  to  hospital 193 

No.  of  relatives  accompanying  patients, 42 

No.  of  patients  never  vaccinated,  103 

No.  of  patients  unsuccessfully  vaccinated,  , 78 

No.  of  patients  successfully  vaccinated,  12 

No.  of  deaths,  2 

No.  of  patients  under  fifteen  years  of  age, , 89 

' No.  of  patients  under  twenty-five  years  of  age, 58 

No.  of  patients  from  twenty- five  to  fifty,  42 

No.  of  patients  over  fifty,  • 4 

No.  of  male  patients, 136 

No.  of  female  patients,  57 

No.  of  days  of  treatment,  4747 

Average  number  of  days  of  treatment  per  patient, 24% 


The  number  of  patients  treated  was  just  half  that  of  last  year. 

Throughout  the  past  year,  except  during  the  month  of  March,  there 
was  a steady  decrease  in  the  number  of  patients  admitted  to  the  hospital. 
This  condition  was  especially  marked  during  the  last  six  months  of  the 
year,  when  only  twenty  seven  patients  were  received. 

As  during  previous  years,  the  disease  prevailed  chieflly  among 
children;  over  46$  of  the  victims  being  under  fifteen  years  of  age. 

Only  six  per  cent  of  the  patients  admitted  had  ever  been  successfully 
vaccinated. 

The  record  of  the  past  six  months  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the 
campaign  of  quarantine  and  vaccination  which  has  been  so  persistently 
carried  on  for  the  past  few  years,  had  at  last  borne  fruit,  and  that  the 
city  is  about  to  enjoy  a period  of  comparative  freedom  from  the  disease. 

Respectfully  submitted,, 

CHAS.  J.  COFFEY,  M.  D., 

Attending  Physician. 


11 


REPORT 


OF 

CITY  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2. 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 


Fallowing  is  a list  of  patients,  diseases,  and  deaths  at  Milwaukee 
Health  Department  Hospital  No.  2,  for  year  ending  Deeember  31st, 
1905: 


MONTH. 

Diphtheria 

Scarletina 

Measles 

Erysipelas 

No. 

Cases 

Deaths 

No. 

Cases 

Deaths 

No. 

Cases 

Deaths 

No. 

Cases 

Deaths 

January  

3 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 7 

| 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

February  

0 

o 

| . 1 

1 io 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

March  

7 

1 1 

9 1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

April  

o 

i o 

9 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

May  

2 

1 

1 0 

1 

4 

| 

0 

0 

0 

o 

0 

June  

3 

1 o 

1 

1 

1 o 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

July  

3 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 

1 3 

' | 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 1 

1 

0 

August  

4 

I o 

1 

! 1 i 

o 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

September  

1 

1 0 

1 i 

1 o | 

i i 

0 

1 0 

1 

0 

1 

1 1 

1 

0 

October  

7 

1 1 

1 2 | 
I 

o 

1 0 

0 

0 

0 

November  

11 

1 1 

1 , 1 

4 

| 1 

o 

I 0 

1 

0 

1 1 

1 

0 

December  

5 

I o 

1 

1 3 

1 

0 

1 5 
1 

1 

1 1 

1 

0 

Total  for  year I 

1 

48 

1 

6 ' 

52 

1 

0 

1 

1 8 
1 1 

1 

1 ! 
1 8 

1 ! 

0 

15 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 


Following  is  a list  of  diseases  and  number  of  days  treatment  of  each 
at  Milwaukee  Health  Department  Hospital  No.  2 for  the  year  ending 
December  31st,  1905 : 


MONTH. 

Diph- 

theria 

Scar- 

letina 

Meas- 

les 

Ery- 

sipelas 

dS 

z5 

Days 

Treated 

No. 

Oases 

| Days 
Treated  1 

No. 

Cases 

Days 

Treated 

No. 

Cases 

Days 

Treated 

January  

i 

3 

1 

18 

i 

7 

170 

1 

O' 

i 

1 

0 

1 

11 

1 

5 

1 

February  I 

0 

I 

o 

l 

10 

228 

1 

01 

1 

01 

1 

01 

1 

0 

March  1 

1 

71 

1 

74 

i 

i 9 

236 

1 

11 

1 

1 

4 1 

1 

ll 

1 

5 

April  1 

2| 

131 

l 

1 9| 

I 

i 211 

1 

ll 

1 

10, 

1 

2 1 

1 

20 

May  1 

' 

2 

1 

20 

4 

I 

l 86 

0 

0 

ol 

l 

0 

June  I 

31 

i 

29 

1 

1 0! 

I 

0 

0 1 

1 

0| 

1 

Ol 

l 

01 

1 

Parotitis,  2-12  days 

| 

July  1 

1 

31 

l 

43! 

1 

Q 

o| 

1 

37 

1 

11 

1 

1 

101 

1 

ll 

1 

31 

1 

August  i 

1 

41 

i 

25| 

1 

11 

1 

| 30 

ol 

1 

o| 

ol 

0 

September  1 

1 

I 

14| 

1 

0! 

1 

0 

01 

1 

1 

01 

1 

ll 

1 

441 

Whooping  Cough,  52  days 

October  1 

1 

711101 

1 

2 1 

52 

1 

01 

1 

01 

1 

1 

01 

1 

01 

Whooping  Cough,  2-64  days 

1 

Xo'vember  ! 

1 

1111191 

41 

l 

119 

0 

0 

11 

20 

1 

December  1 

1 

51 

1 

531 

1 

31 

1 

. 820 

?l 

841 

1 

11 

1 

13 

Total  each  disease.  . . 1 

1 

1 1 
4815381 
1 1 

1 

521 

1 

1251 

1 

SI 
_ 1 

1 

■’  08 1 
_l 

1 

81110 

1 

Total  days  treatment. 

2,135 

Total  number  ■ 

cases.  . . 

121 

Total  number 

deaths . 

7 

16 


REPORT 

OF 

CITY  BACTERIOLOGIST  AND  CHEMIST. 


17 


REPORT  OF  CITY  BACTERIOLOGIST  AND  CHEMIST. 


Honorable  F.  M.  Scliulz , M.  1).,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Dear  Sir; — We  submit  herewith  report  of  your  Bacteriologist  and 
Chemist  of  the  work  performed  in  department  chemical  and  bacteriologi- 
cal laboratories  during  the  past  year,  ending  December  3 1st,  1905. 

An  examination  of  tables  will  again  show  marked  increase  during 
the  year  in  the  number  of  specimens  examined  and  in  the  variety  of  in- 
vestigations undertaken  and  incorporated  under  the  routine  of  labora- 
tory work.  As  heretofore,  our  time  has  been  devoted  almost  entirely,  on 
the  chemical  side,  to  the  examination  of  water  and  milk.  With  but  few 
exceptions  examinations  of  other  foods  have  been  of  such  specimens  as 
were  submitted  to  the  laboratory  by  private  individuals,  or  taken  by  the 
inspectors  subsequent  to  complaints  of  citizens. 

Food  analyses,  concerned  more  particularly  with  commercial  fraud- 
ulence  than  with  injury  to  health,  have  been  left  to  the  State  Dairy  and 
Food  Commission,  which  carries  on  this  work. 

The  work  of  the  sanitary  and  milk  inspectors  continues,  as  here- 
tofore, most  excellent,  and  the  improvement  in  cleanliness  and  in  the 
sanitary  condition  of  our  city  supply  is  due,  in  large  measure,  to  in- 
spectors Harry  Kiehl  and  James  Cunningham,  who  by  their  labors  in 
the  field  have  done  so  much  to  instruct  the  dairymen  in  the  production 
and  handling  of  milk;  and  have  succeeded  in  securing  a more  intelligent 
and  careful  management  of  this  product. 

During  the  year  the  city’s  water  supply  was  brought  under  suspi- 
cion of  contamination.  A large  number  of  cases  of  intestinal  infections 
and  a considerable  number  of  cases  of  typhoid  fever,  occurring  during  the 
month  of  May,  lead  to  exhaustive  chemical  and  bacteriological  examina- 
tions of  the  water.  Samples  were  taken  from  various  points  and 
depths  of  the  lake,  from  the  harbor  outlet  to  the  intake,  and  from  city 
mains  in  different  localities. 

The  results  of  these  analyses  appear  in  the  appended  tables.  The 
findings  of  your  laboratories  have  been  corroborated  in  the  State  Hy- 
gienic Laboratory  and  by  a number  of  other  impartial  experts  in  this  and 
other  cities. 

It  is  supposed  that  the  heavy  rains  which  occurred  during  April 
carried  out  large  quantities  of  sewage  into  the  lake,  and  this  quantity, 
greater  than  at  previous  time  because  the  river  had  not  been  flushed  for 


19 


20 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


some  time.  In  conjunction  with  this  large  amount  of  sewage,  emptying 
into  the  lake  from  the  river,  we  had  for  some  weeks,  almost  constantly, 
southwesterly  winds  which  facilitated  the  transfer  of  this  sewage  to  the 
intake.  The  harbor  itself,  was,  during  this  period,  practically  filled 
with  sewage  water;  and  under  the  influence  of  the  winds,  this  was  car- 
ried out  through  the  fair  weather  opening  in  the  government  pier,  to,  and 
beyond  the  intake.  Whether  the  condition  is  to  be  permanent  or  only  tem- 
porary remains  to  be  seen.  The  advent  of  cold  weather  prevented  our 
getting  samples  from  the  lake.  Samples  taken  from  the  laboratory 
tap  continue  to  show  contamination.  It  will  be  interesting  to  continue 
the  work  until  Spring,  to  elucidate  this  point.  Even  if  conditions  im- 
prove, we  must  recognize  that  they  can  be  but  temporary.  Our  water 
has  been  polluted  and  with  a return  of  the  conditions  then  operative,  it 
will  become  so  again. 

In  the  bacteriological  laboratories  the  work  has  increased  during 
the  past  year  in  every  variety  of  specimens  examined.  While  we  are  im- 
proving we  still  have  much  more  to  accomplish.  We  ought  to  receive 
more  work  from  the  profession  in  the  city,  and  if  the  facilities  offered 
were  brought  to  their  attention  we  would  no  doubt  be  more  useful. 

During  December  cases  of  trichinosis  were  again  reported  to  the 
Laboratories,  and  we  are  again  inspecting  nork  for  the  parasite.  The 
major  part  of  this  work  will  probably  appear  in  the  next  report. 

The  year  has  seen  great  improvements  in  the  laboratory  equipment 
and  in  its  facilities  for  work.  The  moving  of  the  bacteriological  labora- 
tories to  the  seventh  floor,  and  bv  a stairway  connecting  the  chemical 
laboratory  with  them,  has  much  facilitated  the  work.  We  still  need  a 
few  pieces  of  apparatus  very  badly.  When  we  shall  have  secured  these 
we  shall  deem  ourselves  very  excel] ently  equipped  for  the  work  of  the 
department. 

The  following  circular  of  information  concerning  the  infectious 
diseases — typhoid  fever,  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever,  were  gotten  out 
under  your  direction,  and  are  here  incorporated. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


21 


LAKE  WATER  ANALYSES. 


Free  Alb.  Oxygen 


Chloride. 

Nitrates. 

Nitrites. 

Ammonia- 

Ammonia. 

Consumed. 

1 . . . . 

0.50 

None 

None 

.004 

.006 

.14 

9 

0.40 

None 

None 

.030 

.012 

.16 

3 

0.50 

None 

None 

.006 

.012 

.16 

4 

0.60 

None 

None 

.008 

.015 

.20 

5 

0.40 

None 

None 

.040 

.020 

.16 

6 

. . 0.60 

Present 

None 

.020 

.010 

.19 

7 

0.50 

Trace 

None 

.052 

.024 

.19 

8 

0.35 

Trace 

None 

.012 

.020 

.15 

9 

0.35 

None 

None 

.002 

.008 

.11 

10 

. . 0.45 

Trace 

None 

.013 

.018 

.15 

11 

0.35 

Small  amt. 

Trace 

.021 

.012 

.15 

12 

. . 0.52 

Present 

Present 

.016 

.018 

.145 

13 

Present 

None 

.014 

.022 

.12 

14 

0.35 

None 

None 

.012 

.009 

.16 

15 

0.35 

None 

None 

.012 

.008 

.16 

1G 

0.35 

Present 

None 

.016 

.009 

.19 

17 

0.36 

Trace 

None 

.012 

.008 

.13 

18 

0.30 

Trace 

None 

.016 

.007 

.20 

19 

0.35 

Trace 

None 

.016 

.008 

.15 

20 

0.40 

Present 

None 

.007 

.018 

.18 

21 

0.35 

Trace 

Present 

.017 

.009 

.16 

22 

0.40 

Trace 

None 

.020 

.020 

.18 

23 

0.38 

Trace 

None 

.016 

.010 

.16 

24 

Trace 

None 

.013 

.008 

.14 

25 

0.42 

None 

Trace 

.012 

.010 

.16 

26 

0.40 

Trace 

Trace 

.002 

.008 

.12 

27 

0.30 

None 

None 

.008 

.010 

.14 

28 

0.35 

Trace 

None 

.010 

.008 

.16 

22 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MILK  INVESTIGATIONS  — TABLE  NO.  1. 

Number  of  milk  dealers  licensed  during-  the  year 2007 

Total  number  of  milk  analyzed  in  1905 5322 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  5322  samples 3.86$ 

Number  of  samples  below  3 $ butter  fat 138 

Per  cent,  below  3$ 2.6$ 

Number  of  samples  from  the  street 1403 

Average  per  cent,  of  1403  samples  from  the  street 3.74$ 

Number  of  samples  below  3 $ from  the  street 63 

Per  cent,  below  3$ 4.5$ 

Number  of  samples  from  the  depots 3446 

Average  per  cent,  of  3446  samples 3.9$ 

Number  of  samples  below  3$ 52 

Per  cent,  below  3$.  . . .. 1.5$ 

Number  of  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals 473 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  473  samples 3.7$ 

Number  of  samples  below  3$ 23 

Per  cent,  below  3$ 4.9$ 

Number  of  samples  of  cream  tested 3081 

Average  per  cent,  of  3081  samples 20.46$ 

Number  of  arrests  made  in  1905 • 10 

Amount  of  fines  imposed  $250 

Quarts  of  milk  confiscated  in  1905 1216 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


23 


Chemical  Analysis  for  Year  by  Months. 


Milk  Investigations — Table  No. 


24 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


25 


MEMORANDA  ON  DIPHTHERIA. 


Issued  by  the  Mihvaukee  Health  Department. 

NATURE  OF  DISEASE. 

Diphtheria  is  an  acute,  infectious  disease,  due  to  the  presence, 
growth  and  activity  of  a certain  bacterium  or  germ  (Bacillus  Diphterai) 
in  the  nose,  throat  or  other  portions  of  the  respiratory  tract,  resulting  in 
the  formation  of  poisons  or  toxins  which  are  absorbed  into  the  system. 

MODE  OF  INFECTION. 

Most  commonly  the  germ  enters  the  system  with  the  air  breathed. 
However,  since  it  grows  readily  in  milk  or  some  other  foods,  it  may,  in 
times  of  epidemic  especially,  be  introduced  by  the  ingestion  of  such  con- 
taminated food.  Or  it  is  transferred  from  clothing  which  has  been  in 
contact  with  a patient  and  has  been  soiled  by  him,  to.  the  person  of 
another  handling  those  articles. 

Every  case  of  diphtheria  may  be  traced  directly  or  indirectly  to  some 
other  previous  case.  If  therefore  proper  measures  be  instituted  and 
executed  to  prevent  the  dissemination  of  the  germs,  secondary  or  succeed- 
ing cases  should  not  arise.  Epidemics  are  always  due  to  carelessness  in 
the  management  of  patients  first  afflicted. 

NATURE  OF  INFECTION. 

The  germs,  which  cause  diphtheria,  are  rather  tenacious  of  life,  are 
difficult  to  kill,  endure  drying  and  freezing,  but  sunshine  and  heat  and 
many  of  the  common  disinfectants  readily  destroy  them. 

ISOLATION. 

Children  are  more  susceptible  than  adults,  hence  are  more  likely  to 
become  infected  than  older  people.  But  no  age  is  exempt,  anyone  may 
contract  the  disease.  For  this  reason  whenever  a case  of  diphtheria  is 
diagnosed  in  a family  all  members  of  the  household  except  the  one  who 
is  to  assume  the  care  of  the  patient,  or  the  nurse,  should  be  excluded 
from  the  room  in  which  the  patient  is  confined.  It  is  always  best  to  re- 
move patients  suffering  from  diphtheria  to  a hospital.  The  Health  De- 
partment maintains  a most  excellent  one,  thoroughly  equipped  with  a 
corps  of  nurses  and  a physician  in  attendance,  to  which  any  person 
suffering  from  the  disease  will,  upon  application,  be  removed  and  treated 
at  the  expense  of  the  city. 

When  patients  are  not  removed  to  the  hospital  they  should  be  con- 
fined to  some  one  room  in  the  house,  preferably  an  upper  room,  and  if 
possible,  rather  isolated,  and  especially  not  connected  with  the  living 


26 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


rooms  of  the  house.  The  room  selected  should  be  light,  large,  easily  ven- 
tilated, and  should  receive  the  direct  sunlight.  All  the  furniture,  espe- 
cially all  rugs  and  hangings,  lace  curtains,  pictures,  etc.,  should  be  re- 
moved, and  only  plain  furniture,  and  not  more  of  this  than  is  abso- 
lutely necessary,  should  be  allowed  to  remain. 

If  possible  one  member  of  the  family  or  a nurse  should  assume 
complete  care  of  the  patient,  and  should,  while  discharging  this  duty 
during  the  whole  period  of  the  illness,  have  no  association  with  any  mem- 
bers of  the  family  or  others,  but  remain  always,  day  and  night,  in  the 
room  with  the  patient.  On  the  other  hand  no  one  must  be  allowed  (this 
means  members  of  the  family)  to  enter  the  sick  room  until  patient  has 
completely  recovered,  and  having  used  the  precautionary  measures  set 
forth  below,  is  allowed  to  leave  his  room. 

The  air  in  the  sick  room,  should,  if  possible,  be  moist,  and  when 
this  can  be  done  a basin  of  water  should  be  kept  constantly  boiling  in 
the  room  to  accomplish  this  end. 

DISINFECTION  OF  SECRETIONS,  ETC. 

Remembering  that  the  germs  of  the  disease  are  found  on  the 
mucous  membranes  of  the  nose,  throat,  pharynx  and  other  parts  of  the 
respiratory  tract  it  is  most  important  that  all  secretions  from  these  mem- 
branes should  be  carefully  collected,  handled,  and  as  quickly  as  possible 
so  treated  and  disposed  of  as  to  ensure  no  liability  of  disseminaton  and 
the  absolute  and  certain  destruction  of  any  infective  agent.  The  secre- 
tions may  be  received  in  receptacles  which  should  be  so  constructed  as  to 
be  easily  cleaned,  and  if  necessary,  boiled.  Such  receptacles  should  con- 
tain one  of  the  antiseptics  given  in  the  addenda  and  secretions  should 
be  kept  in  contact  with  such  solution  for  at  least  half  an  hour  before 
being  otherwise  disposed  of.  If  secretions  are  received  on  pieces  of  cloth 
they  must  be  either  burned  after  use,  or  soaked  in  the  carbolic  acid  so- 
lution 1-20,  of  bichloride  1-500  or  in  the  cresol  solution  for  half  an  hour, 
and  then  boiled  before  washing. 

If  the  patient,  during  application  of  medicine  to  the  throat,  should 
cough  into  the  face  of  the  attendant  or  nurse,  the  latter  should  imme- 
diately and  thoroughly  wash  the  face  and  hands  in  the  1-2000  bichloride. 
The  clothing  of  the  attendant  or  nurse  should  be  easily  washable,  and  in 
the  event  of  becoming  soiled  by  discharges  likely  to  contain  the  germs, 
should  be  changed,  and  the  soiled  garments  must  be  treated  as  is  below 
directed  for  bed  linen,  etc. 

All  dishes  (especially  .all  spoons,  knives,  forks,  cups,  etc.,  which  come 
in  contact  with  the  lips  and  are  most  liable  to  carry  germs  and  all  others 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


27 


as  well)  should  be  used  by  the  patient  alone,  and  must  not  be  removed 
from  the  room  until  they  have  been  submerged  in  one  of  the  antiseptic 
solutions  for  half  an  hour,  or  boiled  for  the  same  period  of  time  in  water 
to  which  soda  has  been  added.  It  is  best  if  they  be  reserved  for  the  especial 
and  sole  use  of  the  patient  and  are  not  removed  from  the  room. 

Bed  linen,  clothing  of  patient  and  nurse  or  attendant,  napkins,  hand- 
kerchiefs, etc.,  should  be  soaked  in  one  of  the  antiseptic  solutions  for  an 
hour  before  being  removed  from  the  room,  and  then  boiled  for  at  least 
half  an  hour  more  before  they  are  sent  to  the  laundry  or  added  to  the 
family  washing. 

DISINFECTION  OF  PERSON. 

After  the  recovery  of  the  patient  isolation  should  not  be  abandoned 
too  early.  Before  he  associates  with  members  of  the  family  or  others,  the 
patient  and  his  attendant  or  nurse  should  thoroughly  bathe  in  hot  water 
using  soap  freely,  and  then  take  a sponge  bath  in  a solution  of  bichloride 
1-2000,  or  alcohol  25-50C  The  hair  must  be  thoroughly  shampooed. 
Such  a bath  and  shampoo  must  be  repeated  on  alternate  or  every  day 
until  three  baths  have  been  taken.  After  the  third  bath  clean  clothing 
from  outside  the  room  should  be  put  on,  the  mouth,  pharynx  and  nostrils 
should  be  rinsed  several  times  with  salt  water  or  DobelFs  Solution,  and 
then  the  patient  may  mingle  with  other. members  of  the  household. 

HOUSE  DISINFECTION. 

The  room  occupied  by  the  patient  must,  before  any  one  enters  it,  be 
thoroughly  disinfected  by  means  of  formaldehyde  gas,  or  by  burning 
sulphur.  All  bedding  must  be  left  and  spread  out,  all  clothes  of 
patient  and  nurse  must  be  treated  likewise,  so  as  to  completely  as  possible 
expose  all  surfaces  to  the  direct  actions  of  the  disinfecting  gas.  The 
room  is  closed,  and  if  possible,  all  cracks  and  crevices  stuffed  to  keep  as 
much  of  the  gas  as  is  possible  in  the  room  and  allow  it  to  act  for  at  least 
twelve  hours,  better  twenty-four  hours. 

The  woodwork  and  floors,  and  when  it  can  be  done,  the  walls  should 
be  wiped  with  cloths  saturated  with  a 1-500  solution  of  bichloride  or  the 
cresol  solution,  and  the  room  thoroughly  aired  and  sunned  for  several 
days. 

OTHER  MEMBERS  OF  THE  HOUSEHOLD. 

During  the  progress  of  a case  of  diphtheria  in  any  household  all 
other  members,  and  especially  children,  must  be  under  constant  and  care- 
ful observation.  At  the  first  appearance  of  any  inflammatory  condition 
of  the  throat,  nose  or  larynx  the  attention  of  the  physician  should  be  at 
once  called  to  the  fact. 


28 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


As  a matter  of  routine  the  department  recommends  the  administra- 
tion of  immunizing  doses  of  anti-toxine  to  all  members  of  the  family, 
especially  the  children,  and  at  the  first  appearance  of  a sore  throat  or 
false  membrane,  a full  dose  of  the  same. 

If  these  rules  are  carefully  carried  out,  the  physician’s  orders 
obeyed,  and  proper  precautions  exercised,  we  believe  that  the  appearance 
of  a second  case  in  the  same  family  or  house  will  be  of  a rare  occurrence, 
and  that  the  spread  of  the  contagion  to  others  will  be  quite  impossible. 

F.  M.  SCHULZ,  M.  D. 

Commissioner  of  Health. 

ADDENDA. 

DILUTE  SOLUTION  OF  CRESOL. 

Crude  cresol  1 part. 

Soft  soap,  1 part. 

Water,  38  parts. 

Use  for  all  evacuations  of  bowels,  urine,  vomit,  sputum,  etc.,  by 
mixing  thoroughly  with  an  equal  part  of  the  solution  and  allowing  to 
stand  one  hour. 

CHLORIDE  OF  LIME. 

Must  be  freshly  prepared  and  have  a strong  chlorine  odor.  Use  two 
heaping  teaspoonfulls  of  the  powder  to  every  pint  of  the  excrement  and 
Mir  well  with  a stick.  Leave  for  half  an  hour. 

BICHLORIDE  OF  MERCURY. 

Use  tablets  7^  grains.  One  tablet  to  a pint  of  water  gives  1-1000  so- 
lution. One  tablet  to  five  quarts  of  water  gives  1-10000  solution. 

CARBOLIC  ACID  SOLUTION. 

Three  teaspohfuls  to  the  quart  give  approximately  1 % solution. 


MEMORANDA  ON  SCARLET  FEVER. 


Issued  by  the  Milwaukee  Health  Department. 


NATURE  OF  THE  DISEASE. 

Scarlet  fever  is  an  acute  infectious  disease,  produced,  in  all  proba- 
bility by  the  presence,  growth  and  activity  of  some  particular  specific 
organism  on  the  mucous  membranes,  and  possibly  elsewhere,  and  the 
production  and  absorption  of  the  poison  or  toxine  resulting  therefrom, 
into  the  system. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


*29 


MODE  OE  INFECTION. 

While  the  infective  agent  or  germ  has  not  been  discovered,  we  are 
able  to  state  quite  positively  that  it  enters  the  body  through  the  air  pass- 
ages, though  it  is  probable  that  it  may  be  taken  into  the  system  with 
foods,  both  liquid  and  solid.  It  finds  lodgement  and  grows  upon  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  throat,  and  possibly  enters  the  circulation 
through  the  tissues.  The  germ  is  probably  present  in  the  discharges,  or 
secretions,  from  the  nose  or  throat  of  those  suffering  from  the  disease, 
and  undoubtedly  occurs  in  the  urine  of  patients  and  in  the  dry  scales  of 
the  skin  which  are  thrown  off  from  the  bodies  of  those  convalescent.  ‘ 

The  disease  is  most  contagious,  hence  most  likely  to  be  transmitted 
and  contracted  by  others,  during  the  early  stages,  when  the  specific  orga- 
nism or  germ  is  thrown  off  in  the  secretions  from  the  nose  and  throat. 
Every  case  of  scarlet  fever  is  derived  either  directly  or  indiretely  from 
some  other  previous  case,  and  if  proper  measures  are  instituted  and  care- 
fully employed  it  is  probable  that  most,  if  not  all,  secondary  or  resulting 
cases  could  be  averted. 

NATURE  OF  INFECTIVE  AGENT. 

The  infective  agent  or  germ,  whatever  it  may  be,  is  most  tenacious 
of  life,  so  that  unless  the  greatest  care  is  exercised,  and  most  thorough 
and  radical  measures  employed  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  contagion 
and  destroying  the  infective  agent,  a recovered  case  or  a house  in  which 
a case  has  occurred  may  be  a source  of  danger  even  for  a number  of  years 
thereafter,  and  a focus  for  the  infection  of  others. 

ISOLATION. 

Children  are  more  susceptible  than  adults,  and  are  more  likely  to 
fall  victims  to  the  dread  disease.  But  no  age  is  exempt,  and  in  adults 
(older  people)  the  disease  is  likely  to  be  more  severe  than  in  the  young. 
While  only  a certain  per  cent  of  individuals  are  susceptible,  and  there- 
fore only  a certain  number  of  those  exposed  contract  the  disease,  it  is 
impossible  to  determine  beforehand  who  are  immune,  and  who  suscep- 
tible to  the  contagion.  It  is  therefore  most  essential  to  the  safety  of 
other  members  of  a household,  and  to  society  at  large,  that  on  the  first 
positive  recognition  of  the  presence  of  this  disease  the  patient  suffering 
therefrom  should  be  at  once  effectually  isolated,  and  such  isolation  main- 
tained with  vigor  until  all  danger  of  communicating  the  disease  to  others 
haa  passed. 

It  is  best  for  all  concerned  if  these  cases  are  removed  and  treated  at 
a hospital.  The  health  Department  maintains  an  excellent  hospital, 
thoroughly  equipped  and  provided  with  trained  nurses  and  an  attendant 


30 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


physician,  who  unless  the  patient  desires  the  services  of  his  own  physician, 
assumes  care  of  the  patients  who  enter  there. 

The  hospital  is  maintained  by  the  city  at  the  city’s  expense,  and  any 
one  suffering  from  any  contagious  disease,  will,  upon  request  and  recom- 
mendation of  a physician,  he  removed  from  his  home  to  the  institution, 
received  and  treated  there  during  the  whole  period  of  illness  and  con- 
valescence and  returned  with  absolutely  no  expense  whatever  to  himself 
or  friends. 

When  patients  are  not  removed  to  a hospital  it  is  most  imperative 
that  they  should  be  as  thoroughly  and  completely  isolated  in  their  homes. 
To  this  end  a room  is  to  be  selected,  preferably  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
house,  and  as  isolated  as  possible,  airy  and  easily  ventilated.  T'o  prepare 
it  for  the  reception  of  the  patient  and  his  stay  there  until  completely  re- 
covered, all  unnecessary  furniture,  rugs,  carpets,  curtains,  upholstered 
goods,  dressers,  bureaus,  etc.,  should  be  removed,  and  only  such  articles 
kept  as  are  absolutely  necessary  to  its  occupancy  by  the  patient  and  his 
attendant  or  nurse. 

When  a nurse  cannot  be  provided  some  one  member  of  the  family 
should  assume  complete  care  of  the  patient,  No  others  of  the  family, 
or  friend,  or  neighbor  should  be  allowed  to  enter  the  sick  room,  and  the 
nurse  must  not  leave  it.  There  should  be  absolutely  no  association  or 
personal  contact  between  the  patient  and  the  nurse  on  the  one  hand  and 
any  others,  either  of  the  family  or  out  of  it,  on  the  other. 

DISINFECTION  OF  SECRETIONS. 

From  recent  reports  it  is  very  probable  that  scarlet  fever  is  most 
contagious  during  the  early  stages  of  the  disease  when  the  soreness  of  the 
throat  is  most  pronounced.  The  infective  agent,  whatever  its  nature,  is 
probably  to  be  found  in  the  mucous  secretions  thrown  off  from  the  in- 
flamed membranes.  For  this  reason  it  is.  very  important  that  these  se- 
cretions, and  any  article  with  which  they  come  in  contact  shall  be  sub- 
jected to  such  treatment  as  shall  destroy  or  kill  any  micro-organism  or 
germ  they  may  contain.  Therefore  all  secretions  from  the  mouth  or 
throat,  or  nose  of  the  patient  must  be  received  in  pieces  of  cloth  or  old 
linen,  and  burned  at  once.  If  they  are  received  in  handkerchiefs  or 
towels,  these  must  be  soaked  in  10*  carbolic  acid  or  in  the  cresol  solution, 
or  1-1000  bichloride  for  half  an  hour,  and  then  boiled  for  an  equal  period 
of  time  before  being  sent  to  the  laundry  or  added  to  the  family  washing. 
If  the  expectoration  is  received  in  a vessel  this  should  be  of  such  con- 
struction as  to  be  easily  boiled.  It  should  contain  a quantity  of  one  of  the 
antiseptic  solutions,  and  before  being  emptied  after  reception  of  material 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


31 

must  have  stood  for  half  an  hour  after  thorough  stirring  with  the  antisep- 
tic acting  on  the  spittle. 

The  infective  agent  is  also  contained  in  the  urine,  and  for  this 
reason  the  urine  must  be  received  in  a vessel  containing  about  a pint  of 
one  of  the  antiseptic  solutions,  thoroughly  mixed  with  this  and  then  al- 
lowed to  stand  an  hour  before  being  thrown  into  the  closet. 

Dishes  used  for  the  patient  are  to  be  reserved  for  his  individual 
use  and  should  be  left  in  the  sick  room,  at  any  rate  should  not  be  removed 
from  this  room  or  brought  in  contact  with  the  other  dishes  of  the  house- 
hold until  after  thorough  disinfection  by  placing  them  in  one  of  the 
antiseptic  solutions  for  half  an  hour,  then  boiling  for  half  an  hour. 

Bed  linen  of  both  patient  and  attendant  or  nurse  must  he  soaked  in 
the  antiseptic  solution  for  half  an  hour  and  then  boiled  for  half  an  hour 
before  being  sent  to  the  laundry  or  being  brought  in  contact  with  other 
articles  of  the  family  washing. 

Since  the  (desquemated  epithelium)  scales  of  skin  which  fall  off 
during  the  period  of  convalescence  (recovery)  may,  and  probably  do 
contain  the  infective  agent  or  germ,  care  must  be  taken  in  handling  the 
bed  linen  and  clothing  during  this  period,  so  as  not  to  scatter  these  scales. 
If  such  articles  are  carefully  rolled  up  and  individually  placed  in  the 
antiseptic  solution  this  danger  is  avoided. 

Isolation  must  be  maintained  at  least  until  the  patient  has  entirely 
ceased  scaling  (this  usually  occurs  last  on  the  feet)  but  had  best  be  ob- 
served in  a few  days  longer,  and  most  certainly  until  any  undue  dis- 
charges from  nose  or  ears  have  ceased. 

DISINFECTION'  OF  PERSON. 

Before  the  patient  or  his  nurse  or  attendant  again  associate  with  the 
members  of  the  household  or  others  the  following  measures  should  be 
employed : 

They  must  bathe  in  hot  soap  water  followed  b}^  a sponge  bath  of 
either  1$  carbolic  acid,  1-2000  bichloride  or  25-50^  alcohol.  The  hair 
should  be  shampooed.  This  hath  is  to  be  repeated  twice  on  alternate 
(every  other)  days.  After  the  third  bath  the  patient  is  to  put  on  clean 
clothes  which  have  not  been  kept  in  the  sick  room,  and  having  rinsed 
the  mouth,  pharynx  and  nose  with  salt  solution  or  DobelPs  Solution,  may 
mingle  with  others. 

DISINFECTION  OF  HOME. 

The  sick  room  and  all  rooms  opening  into  it  should  then  be  disin- 
fected. All  bedding,  clothing  and  other  articles  which  have  been  in  the 
room  during  its  occupancy  by  the  patient  must  be  left,  and  should  be  so 


32 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


placed  and  arranged  as  to  allow  the  disinfectant  to  come  directly  in  con- 
tact with  all  surfaces.  Formaldehyde  is  used  by  the  Health  Department. 
The  rooms  are  to  be  left  closed  for  at  least  twelve  hours,  better  two  days, 
after  fumigation.  After  this  the  walls,  woodwork  and  floor  should  be 
wiped  off  with  cloths  saturated  with  one  of  the  antiseptic  solutions.  The 
room,  after  being  thoroughly  aired  and  sunned,  may  be  again  occupied. 

If  these  rules  are  carefully  followed — the  doctor’s  orders  obeyed,  and 
disinfection  thoroughly  done,  secondary  cases  should  not  arise,  and  the 
disease  should  gradually  be  eradicated. 

lution.  One  tablet  to  five  quarts  of  water  gives  1-10000  solution. 

F.  M.  SCHULZ,  M.  D. 

Commissioner  of  Health. 

ADDENDA. 

DILUTE  SOLUTION  OF  CRESOL. 

Crude  cresol  1 part. 

Soft  soap,  1 part. 

Water,  38  parts. 

Use  for  all  evacuations  of  bowels,  urine,  vomit,  sputum,  etc.,  by 
mixing  thoroughly  with  an  equal  part  of  the  solution  and  allowing  to 
stand  one  hour. 

CHLORIDE  OF  LIME. 

Must  be  freshly  prepared  and  have  a strong  chlorine  odor.  Use  twc 
heaping  teaspoonfulls  of  the  nowder  to  every  pint  of  the  excrement  and 
stir  well  with  a stick.  Leave  for  half  an  hour. 

BICHLORIDE  OF  MERCURY. 

Use  tablets  grains.  One  tablet  to  a pint  of  water  gives  1-1000  so- 
CARBOLIC  ACID  SOLUTION. 

Three  teasponfuls  to  the  quart  give  approximately  1$  solution. 


MEMORANDA  ON  TYPHOID  FEVER. 


Issued  by  the  Milwaukee  Health  Department. 


Typhoid  fever  is  an  acute  infectious  disease  caused  by  the  presence, 
multiplication  and  activity  of  the  typhoid  bacillus  (a  certain  germ  or 
bacterium)  in  the  intestinal  tract.  The  germ  gains  entrance  to  the  body 
by  the  ingestion  of  contaminated  food,  most  commonly  water  or  milk, 
sometimes  in  oysters,  occasionally  in  fresh  uncooked  vegetables  which 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


33 


have  been  washed  in  contaminated  water.  At  times,  especially  during  an 
epidemic  if  sanitary  measures  are  not  enforced,  it  may  be  found  in  almost 
any  article  of  diet,  having  been  deposited  thereon  by  flies  which  have 
previously  been  in  contact  with  the  discharges  of  typhoid  fever  patients. 
This  last  mode  of  infection  and  spread  of  the  disease  was  probably  the 
most  common  method  of  infection  in  the  army  during  the  Spanish- 
American  war. 

The  germ  causing  typhoid  fever  is  quite  tenacious  of  life  and  hard 
to  kill.  It  will  survive  after  long  drying — it  remains  alive  for  a long 
time  even  in  water  which  has  been  frozen,  and  it  has  been  found  alive 
on  the  clothing  of  patients  months  after  their  recovery. 

During  the  last  few  years  there  have  been  but  few,  and  these  scat- 
tered eases  of  typhoid  in  our  city.  This  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  we 
have  an  excellent  water  supply,  so  that  no  cases  arise  from  this  source, 
and  that  we  maintain  such  a constant  and  watchful  care  of  the  milk 
supply,  that  not  more  than  one  or  two  cases  can  thus  originate  before 
the  fact  is  known  and  the  source  of  infection  controlled  and  eliminated. 

The  cases  which  occur  in  the  city  probably  originate  in  infected 
oysters  or  vegetables,  or  are  such  as  have  originated  outside  of  the  city, 
commonly  from  an  impure  water,  and  onty  developed  in  the  city. 

Every  case  of  typhoid  fever  has  its  origin  in  and  may  be  traced 
directly  or  indirectly  to  some  previous  case.  Hence,  if  proper  pre- 
cautions are  taken  and  the  proper  measures  instituted  in  the  care  of  any 
ease,  secondary  cases  should  not  arise. 

MODES  OF  INFECTION. 

The  germs  are  chiefly  excreted,  thrown  off  from  the  body  of  the 
patient  in  the  evacuations  of  the  bowels  and  in  the  urine,  though  they 
may  be  found  in  the  sputum  and  in  the  nasal  discharges.  The  least  par- 
ticle or  any  such  material  may  be  the  means  of  infection  of  another  per- 
son, so  that  if  any  such  excretion,  accidentally  or  otherwise  gets  upon 
bedding  or  furniture,  or  dishes  or  food,  such  articles  may  be  the  means  of 
conveying  the  disease  to  others.  Water  used  to  cleanse  such  articles,  or 
flies  coming  in  contact  with  them  may  carry  the  germs  of  the  disease. 
These  facts  make  the  following  rules  imperative: 

ISOLATION  OF  PATIENT. 

If  possible,  patients  suffering  from  typhoid  fever  should  be  re- 
moved to  a hospital,  where  they  not  only  receive  better  treatment,  but 
where  such  measures  are  employed  and  care  exercised  that  the  disease  is 
not  spread  to  others.  When  this  is  not  possible,  the  patient  should  be 
removed  and  kept  in  some  room  of  the  house  as  far  removed  from  the 


34 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


the  other  living  rooms  as  possible,  and  not  directly  communicating  with 
them,  preferably  on  the  upper  floor.  The  room  should  be  large,  light, 
and  well  ventilated.  It  must  not  be  kept  too  warm.  All  unnecessary 
furniture  and  furnishings  should  be  removed.  There  should  be  no  carpet, 
no  lace  curtains.  A nurse  or  some  one  member  of  the  family  should 
assume  complete  care  of  the  patient,  and  other  members  of  the  household 
should  not  enter  the  sick  room. 

The  person  entrusted  with  the  care  of  the  patient  should  wear  such 
clothing  as  is  readily  and  easily  washable,  and  must  be  most  cleanly. 
After  being  in  attendance  on  the  patient,  handling  bed  linen,  feeding 
him,  etc.,  the  hands  must  be  thoroughly  washed,  with  aid  of  brush,  in 
soap  and  hot  water,  and  then  disinfected  in  dilute  cresol  solution.  (See 
Addenda) . This  precaution  must  be  especially  observed  before  eating  or 
drinking  . 

TREATMENT  OF  EVACUATIONS. 

Patients  suffering  from  typhoid  should  never  use  water  closets.  All 
evacuations  of  bowel  or  bladder,  or  secretions  from  mouth  or  nose,  should 
bb  received  in  easily  cleaned  vessels  and  never  thrown  out  or  into  closets 
until  after  disinfection.  The  vessels  used  for  the  reception  of  the  ex- 
creta should  contain  about  a pint  of  the  dilute  cresol  solution,  and  after 
receiving  the  stool  or  urine  a pint  more  should  be  added.  After 
thoroughly  stirring  to  break  up  any  pieces  of  faeces  it  should  be  left 
standing  an  hour  before  it  is  thrown  into  the  closet. 

If  urine,  or  faeces,  or  sputum,  should  accidentally  fall  upon  the 
floor  or  furniture,  the  mass  should  be  covered  with  cresol  solution  and 
left  for  an  hour  before  washing. 

For  catching  sputum  or  wiping  mouth  or  nose  it  is  best  to  use  old 
pieces  of  linen  or  cotton,  or  gauze,  which  should  be  burned  after  use. 
Water  used  for  bathing  patients  should  be  disinfected  by  the  addition  of 
chloride  of  lime  before  being  thrown  into  the  sewer. 

TREATMENT  OF  BEDDING,  CLOTHES  AND  OTHER  ARTICLES 

Dishes  used  by  the  patient  should  be  used  by  him  alone,  and  had 
best  not  be  removed  from  the  room.  They  should  be  submerged  for  an 
hour  in  the  cresol  solution,  or  boiled  for  half  an  hour  in  soda  solution 
before  being  washed. 

Bed  linen  and  clothes  of  both  patient  and  nurse  should  always  be 
disinfected  before  removal  from  the  room.  They  should  be  soaked  iri  the 
eresol  solution  or  a 1-1000  solution  of  bichloride  of  mercury  for  two 
hours  before  being  washed  or  brought  in  contact  with  the  other  articles 
of  the  laundry. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


35 


DISINFECTION  OF  PEESON. 

When1  the  patient  is  reported  recovered,  and  before  he  and  the  at- 
tendant mingle  with  others,  they  should  receive  an  antiseptic  bath,  bichlo- 
ride of  mercury  1-10000,  or  after  a hot  water  bath  in  which  soap  has  been 
freely  used,  25-50$  alcohol.  The  hair  should  be  washed,  and  clothing 
not  previously  in  the  room  should  be  put  on.  All  that  has  been  worn  in 
the  room  must  be  disinfected  before  removal  from  it. 

DISINFECTION  OF  DWELLINGS. 

After  removal  of  a patient  to  the  hospital,  or  after  his  recovery  or 
after  death,  the  sick  room  and  other  rooms  of  the  house  used  by  him  or 
his  attendant  must  be  thoroughly  disinfected.  All  bedding,  clothing, 
furniture,  etc.,  which  was  in  the  room  during  the  patient’s  occupancy  of 
it  is  to  be  left.  Clothing  and  linen  to  be  spread  out  as  much  as  possible, 
drawers  of  dressers,  etc.,  are  to  be  opened.  The  health  Department  is 
to  do  the  disinfection,  and  is  to  be  notified  when  everything  is  ready. 
After  disinfection  the  room  is  to  be  left  closed  for  twenty-four  hours 
and  then  thoroughly  aired  for  several  days.  The  walls,  if  possible,  and 
all  woodwork,  floors,  casings,  etc.,  are  to  be  washed  with  cresol  solution, 
or  1-1000  bichloride  solution.  The  washable  clothing  and  linen  are  to  be 
soaked  in  the  cresol  solution  for  one  hour,  and  then  washed. 

If  these  regulations  are  carefully  and  strictly  maintained  and  the 
doctor’s  orders  obeyed,  second  cases  should  not  arise,  and  the  disease 
should  be  stamped  out. 

F.  M.  SCHULZ,  M.  D. 

Commissioner  of  Health. 

ADDENDA. 

DILUTE  SOLUTION  OF  CEESOL. 

Crude  cresol  1 part. 

Soft  soap,  1 part. 

Water,  38  parts. 

Use  for  all  evacuations  of  bowels,  urine,  vomit,  sputum,  etc.,  by 
mixing  thoroughly  with  an  equal  part  of  the  solution  and  allowing  to 
stand  one  hour. 

CHLOEIDE  OF  LIME. 

Must  be  freshly  prepared  and  have  a strong  chlorine  odor.  Use  two 
heaping  teaspoonfulls  of  the  powder  t'o  every  pint  of  the  excrement  and 
stir  well  with  a stick.  Leave  for  half  an  hour. 


36 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BICHLORIDE  OF  MERCURY. 

Use  tablets  grains.  One  tablet  to  a pint  of  water  gives  1-1000  so- 
lution. One  tablet  to  five  quarts  of  water  gives  1-10000  solution. 

CARBOLIC  ACID  SOLUTION. 

Three  teasponfuls  to  the  quart  give  approximately  1$  solution. 

We  incorporate  again  the  notes  on  laboratory  methods  and  results, 
which  we  believe  may  be  of  assistance  to  physicians. 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

Sixth  Floor,  City  Hall. 
Telephone  City  Hall  41. 


DIPHTHERIA  DIAGNOSIS. 

Directions  for  Taking  Cultures. 

No  local  antiseptic  application  should  be  made  for  at  least  two  hours 
previous  to  taking  the  culture.  The  patient’s  throat  should  be  cleared  of  any 
adherent  food  particles,  etc. 

1.  Have  the  patient  in  a good  light. 

2.  Remove  swab  from  glass  tube,  and  rub  it  gently  but  freely  against 
any  visible  pseudo-membrane  or  exudate. 

3.  Rub  the  swab  gently  but  freely  against  any  visible  exudate  or  pseudo- 
membrane in  the  throat  or  nose,  revolving  the  swab  between  the  fingers  in 
such  a manner  as  to  bring  it  thoroughly  in  contact  with  the  suspected  area. 
In  the  absence  of  exudate,  and  when  the  exudate  or  pseudo-membrane  can 
not  be  reached,  as  in  some  cases  where  it  is  confined  to  the  larynx  or  ; under 
any  other  conditions,  pass  the  swab  back  as  far  as  possible  and  rub  it  freely 
as  above  described  over  any  inflamed  mucous  membrane  which  may  be  present 
in  the  pharynx  or  nares. 

Without  laying  the  swab  down,  remove  the  lid  from  the  culture  box, 
and  rub  that  portion  which  has  touched  the  exudate  gently  over  the  surface 
of  the  serum  mixture. 

5.  Replace  the  swab  in  the  glass  tube  and  close  the  open  end  with  the 

cap. 

6.  Do  not  use  disinfectants  in  the  mouth  and  throat  for  four  hours  before 
gathering  the  exudate. 

7.  Fill  out  the  blank  card  accompanying  this  and  return  with  outfit  to 
the  station  from  which  it  was  procured. 

8.  Telephone  to  the  Department  (City  Hall  41)  that  the  outfit  has  been 
returned,  giving  location  of  station,  or  the  Outfits  may  be  sent  by  the  physician 
directly  to  the  Laboratory. 

Reports  of  results  will  be  telephoned  before  noon  of  the  next  day. 

9.  Special  Examinations : When  requested,  the  Laboratory  will  examine 
during  hours  (8:30  A.  M.  to  5 P.  M. ; Saturdays,  8:30  A.  M.  to  12  M. ; Sunciays 
and  holidays,  9 A.  M.  to  10  A.  M.)  the  swabs  from  cases  for  diagnosis  directly. 
When  such  an  examination  is  desired,  first  make  the  culture  as  above  described, 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


37 


then  rub  the  swab  on  the  suspected  area  in  the  nose  or  throat  a second  time, 
then  return  it  to  the  swab  tube  without  again  rubbing  it  on  the  serum.  It  has 
been  found  that  in  about  one-half  of  the  cases  finally  proving  positive  after 
the  ordinary  incubation,  a positive  diagnosis  can  be  made  from  the  swab  with- 
out waiting  for  incubation,  thus  saving  from  fifteen  to  twenty-four  hours. 
A negative  result  from  the  swab  is  unreliable.  In  such  cases,  if  the  culture 
has  been  brought  into  the  Laboratory  before  12  M.,  a five-hour  incubation 
may  be  given  and  reported  on  at  5 P.  M.  except  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  and 
holidays.  A negative  result  from  this  examination  also  is  unreliable,  and  the 
regular  over-niglit  incubation  must  then  be  proceeded  with. 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D. 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

, Milwaukee  Health  Department. 

MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

Sixth  Floor,  City  Hall. 

Telephone  41. 

TYPHOID  DIAGNOSIS.  WIDAL  REACTION. 

Directions  for  Taking  the  Blood. 

1.  Cleanse  the  skin  iof  the  lobe  of  the  ear,  avoiding  the  use  of  bichloride 
of  mercury,  carbolic  acid  or  other  strong  reagent.  Soap  and  water,  followed 
by  alcohol  and  ether,  is  recommended. 

2.  Prick  the  lobe  deeply  to  ensure  a free  escape  of  blood,  manipulating  the 
lobe  with  the  fingers,  if  necessary,  to  secure  a sufficient  amount.  A surgical 
needle  or  pointed  tenotome  may  be  used  for  the  puncture. 

3.  Avoiding  the  first  two  or  three  drops  which  exude,  touch  the  freshly* 
escaped  blood  with  the  loop  of  wire  accompanying  the  outfit  several  times, 
in  order  to  secure  one  full  drop.  Since  the  Widal  method  is  quantitative,  care 
should  be  taken  to  fill  the  loop  completely,  but  no  more  than  one  such  loopful 
is  required. 

4.  Deposit  the  whole  drop  of  blood  in  the  depression  on  the  exposed  surface 
of  the  foil  accompanying  the  outfit,  and  allow  it  to  dry  completely;  do  not  use 
heat  to  hasten  the  drying. 

5.  Cleanse  the  wire  loop,  fill  out  the  accompanying  card  and  repack  the 
outfit,  placing  the  filled-out  card  over  the  foil;  enclose  the  whole  in  an  envelope 
and  mail  to  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory.  (Postage  2 cents.) 

A report  will  be  mailed  on  the  day  following  the  receipt  of  the  preparation, 
or  a report  by  telephone  may  be  obtained  by  calling  up  City  Hall  Ex.  41  not 
earlier  than  11  A.  M.  If  requested,  a telegraphic  report  will  be  sent  at  the 
physician’s  expense. 

Communications  should  be  addressed  to 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Milwaukee  Health  Department. 


38 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

City  Hall,  Sixth  Floor. 
Telephone  City  Hall  41. 


MALARIAL  DIAGNOSIS. 

Directions  for  Taking  the  Blood. 

Take  the  blood  during  a paroxysm  if  possible  and  before  quinine  is  ad- 
ministered. 

1.  Cleanse  the  skin  of  the  lobe  of  the  ear,  avoiding  the  use  of  bichloride  of 
mercury,  carbolic  acid  or  other  strong  reagent.  Soap  and  water,  followed  by 
alcohol  and  ether,  is  recommended. 

2.  Prick  the  lobe  deeply  to  ensure  a free  escape  of  blood  manipulating  the 
lobe  with  the  lingers,  if  necessary,  to  secure  a sufficient  amount.  A surgical 
needle  or  pointed  tenotome  may  be  used  for  the  puncture. 

3.  Wipe  off  the  first  two  or  three  drops  which  exude  with  a clean  cloth,  and 
touch  the  freshly  escaped  blood  with  the  edge  of  a perfectly  clean  square  cover- 
slip,  so  as  to  secure  a very  small  drop. 

4.  Draw  the  edge  .of  the  coverslip  to  which  the  drop  is  attached  over  the 
surface  of  another  clean  coverslip,  at  an  angle  of  about  thirty  degrees,  thus 
spreading  the  blood  in  a thin  film  on  the  second  coverslip.  There  should  not  be 
an  instant’s  delay  between  the  operations  described  in  paragraphs  3 and  4.  Let 
the  film  dry  thoroughly. 

5.  Make  three  or  four  such  coverslip  preparations  from  each  case,  place 
them  in  the  small  flat  box  and  fill  out  the  card  supplied  by  the  laboratory.  Mail 
both  card  and  box  to  the  laboratory. 

A report  will  be  mailed  on  the  day  following  receipt  of  the  preparations, 
or  a report  by  telephone  may  be  obtained  by  calling  up  telephone  City  Hall  41, 
not  earlier  than  1 P.  M.  If  requested,  a telegraphic  report  will  be  sent  at  the 
physician’s  expense. 

Communications  should  be'  addressed  to 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory, 

Milwaukee  Health  Department. 


MILWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

City  Hall,  Sixth  Floor. 

Telephone  City  Hall  41. 

DIAGNOSIS  OF  TUBERCULOSIS. 

Directions  for  Collecting  Sputum. 

Outfits  for  the  collection  of  sputum,  including  bottles  containing  five  per 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


39 

cent,  carbolic  acid,  and  blanks  for  particulars  of  cases  with  copies  of  these 
directions,  will  be  found  at  the  regular  culture  stations. 

* Specimens  will  not  be  accepted  unless  submitted  in  the  bottles  provided  for 
the'  purpose  by  the  laboratory. 

Specimens  will  not  be  examined  if  leaking  from  the  bottle  has  occurred. 

Reports  will  not  be  forwarded  unless  the  particulars  of  the  case  are  sent 
with  the  specimen. 

The  expectoration  discharged  in  the  morning  is  to  be  preferred.  If  the 
expectoration  be  scanty,  the  entire  amount  discharged  in  twenty-four  hours 
should  be  collected.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the  contents  of  the  stomach, 
articles  of  food,  etc.,  are  not  discharged  during  the  act  of  expectoration  and 
collected  instead  of  pulmonary  sputum.  Purulent,  cheesy,  and  muco-purulent 
sputum  most  frequently  contains  the  bacilli ; pure  mucus,  blood  or  saliva  do  not 
as  a rule  contain  the  bacilli.  When  hemorrhage  has  occurred,  some  purulent, 
cheesy  or  muoo-purulent  sputum  should,  if  possible,  be  collected  for  the  exam- 
ination. 

If  examination  of  sputum  for  the  bacteria  of  pneumonia,  grippe,  etc.,  are 
required,  use  these  outfits,  but  drain  out  the  carbolic  acid  solution  thoroughly 
before  the  sputum  is  placed  in  the  bottle. 

OTHO  FIEDLER,  M.  D., 

Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory. 

Milwaukee  Health  Department. 


"'These  rules  have  been  adopted  because  the  examination  of  Tuberculosis 
sputum  entails  some  danger  to  the  examiner  if  indiscriminate  outfits  are  used. 


TUBERCULOSIS. 


Regular  Outfits,  Supplied  by  Culture  Stations,  Must  be  Used  for  Specimens. 
(To  be  Filled  Out  by  Physician.) 

Date  of  Collecting  Sputum 

Hours A.  M P.  M. 

Patient’s  Name 

Age Sex Color 

Patient’s  Address  

Patient’s  Occupation  

Is  the  patient  now  working  ? If  so,  where  ? 

(Street  and  No.) 

Date  of  Earliest  Symptoms  

Where  was  disease  contracted?  (Street  and  No.)  . . 

SYMPTOMS:  Cough? Fevers Expectorations 

Night  Sweats?  Hemorrhage?.  

Physical  Signs:  Consolidation? Cavities 

Rales?  Loss  of  Weight?  

Pulse  Respiration  


40 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Clinical  Diagnosis  

Are  other  cases  of  tuberculosis  present  in  the  same  family? 

Are  other  cases  of  tuberculosis  present  in  the  same  house  ? 

Remarks  

Physician’s  Name  

Physician’s  Address  

(Please  Fill  Out  Blanks  in  Detail  for  Every  Specimen  Sent  in.) 

LABORATORY  METHODS  A YD  RESULTS. 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

Outfit  for  collection  and  transmission  of  samples. 

This  department  provides  for  this  purpose : 1st,  a heavy  glass  home- 
opathic vial  with  paraffined  cork  stopper;  2nd,  a circular  which  has 
printed  upon  one  side  instructions  for  collecting  samples,  and  on  the  re- 
verse, blank  outline  of  data  of  the  case  to  be  filled  by  physicians;  3rd, 
these  are  enclosed  in  a paste  board  box. 

These  outfits  hiay  be  obtained  either  at  the  laboratory  or  at  any  of 
the  culture  stations  above  designated.  They  are  to  be  returned  to  the 
station  or  laboratory.  If  they  are  returned  to  the  laboratory  they  are 
examined  the  same  day;  if  to  the  station,  they  are  collected  and  examined 
the  next  morning  and  reported  upon  before  noon. 

Method  of  Staining. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides,  several  loopfuls,  or,  if  present 
several  caseous  masses  being  used.  This  ensures  the  examination  of  a 
considerable  amount  of  material  and  makes  the  finding  more  probable. 

After  fixing,  smears  are  stained  in  hot  Carbol  Ftichsin  from  3 to  5 
minutes,  washed  and  decolorized  in  3 per  cent  acid  alcohol  (using  95  per 
cent,  alcohol  to  which  3 per  cent,  hydrochloric  acid  lias  been  added), 
then  counterstained  with  methylene  blue.  . The  bacilli  of  tuberculosis 
stains  red,  all  other  bacilli  blue,  or  not  at  all. 

If  requested,  or  if  specimens  from  same  patient  have  been  submitted 
several  times,  the  sputum  is  digested  with  solution  of  KOH  centrifugated 
for  10  minutes,  and’the  sediment  examined. 

For  diagnosis  of  tuberculosis  of  the  kidney  the  whole  of  a twenty- 
four  hour  sample  of  urine  should  be  submitted.  This  is  centrifugated  and 
sediment  examined.  If  bacteria  are  not  found  the  sediment  is  injected 
into  Guinea  pigs  introperitoneally.  This  is  repeated  at  intervals  of  four 
or  five  days  for  a half  dozen  injections.  After  six  weeks  the  pigs  are 
killed  and  post-mortem  held  to  determine  whether  or  not  there  is  tuber- 
culosis of  the  peritoneum  or  viscera. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


41 


Interpretation  of  Results. 

As  in  other  bacteriological  examinations,  positive  results  mean  much, 
negative  results  mean  but  little.  It  is  possible  that  occasionally  acid 
staining  bacilli  of  the  morphology  of  tubercle  bacilli  may  be  found  in  the 
sputum,  but  this  is  an  exceeding  rare  occurrence,  and  in  the  persons 
suffering  from  cough  and  disease  of  lung  or  larynx,  the  finding  of  germs 
in  the  sputum  that  stain  as  above  described  may  be  taken  as  a positive 
evidence  of  the  disease. 

A single  negative  result  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  no  bacilli 
were  present  in  the  sample  of  sputum  submitted,  but  simply  that  they 
were  not  demonstrated.  In  like  manner  several  negative  results  of  several 
specimens,  while  it  probably  demonstrates  the  absence  of  the  bacilli  in 
the  sputum,  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the  patient  is  not  suffering 
from  tuberculosis.  Failure  to  find  the  bacilli  may  be  due : 1st,  to  col- 
lection of  saliva  instead  of  the  pulmonary  expectoration,  or  2nd,  to  the 
presence  of  so  few  bacteria  that  they  escape  detection,  or  3rd,  to  the  fact 
that  since  there  is  at  the  time  no  breaking  down  of  tissue  the  bacilli  are 
not  present  in  the  sputum,  or  4th,  that  the  disease  is  either  acute  miliary 
tuberculosis  or  the  early  stage  of  a chronic  fibrinous  tuberculosis,  when 
they  are  often  absent. 

Hence,  a positive  clinical  diagnosis  should  not  be  reversed  because 
of  negative  microscopic  findings  in  the  sputum.  Animal  inoculation  may 
be  of  service  in  reaching  conclusions  in  a number  of  these  cases. 

DIPHTHERIA. 

Outfit  for  Making  Cultures. 

The  department  furnishes  for  this  purpose:  1st,  an  aluminum  box 
containing  LoeffieFs  blood  serum  sterilized  and  sealed  with  a rubber  band 
to  prevent  drying  or  contamination;  2nd,  a sterile  swab  of  cotton  on  a 
wooden  applicator  enclosed  in  a glass  tube  and  sealed  with  a rubber  cap ; 
3rd,  A circular  of  information  for  taking  smears  and  making  culture; 
4th,  a card  having  blanks  to  be  filled  out  bv  physician  and  bacteriologist, 
giving  date  of  case  and  results  of  laboratory  examination.  These  are  en- 
closed ip  a large  manilla  envelope. 

These  outfits  may  be  obtained  at  the  laboratory  or  at  the  culture 
stations,  or  when  desired  for  diagnosis  will  be  sent  to  the  physician.  They 
may  be  returned  to  the  laboratory  or  to  the  culture  station,  or  if  for 
diagnosis,  will  be  called  for. 

All  cultures  reaching  the  laboratory  on  the  day  they  are  made,  are 
placed  in  the  incubator  at  37  degrees  C.  over  night,  and  examined  the 
next  morning. 


42 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


On  request  swab  or  five  hours  incubation  examinations  are  made,  as 
set  forth  in  circular  of  information  already  given. 

Method  of  Staining. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides,  fixed  and  stained  with  Loeffler’s 
alkaline  methylene  blue  for  two  minutes;  washed  and  examined  with  a 
1-12  oil  immersion.  The  characteristic  staining  of  the  bacilli  and  their 
morphology,  together  with  the  evidence  of  snapping  as  seen  in  their 
arrangement  are  the  differentiating  factors  in  determination. 

Interpretation  of  Results. 

Results  are  reported  either  as  positive,  suspicious,  no  growth  or  nega- 
tive. 

A report  of  a positive  result  means  that  the  Klebs-Loeffier  bacilli 
have  been  found.  It  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the  patient  has  diph- 
theria. Investigation  by  the  departments  of  health  of  a number  of  cities 
have  clearly  demonstrated  that  from  1.5  to  3 per  cent,  of  healthy  indi- 
viduals have  these  bacilli  in  their  throats,  but  do  not  suffer  from  the 
disease.  The  fact  that  these  patients  do  not  have  diphtheria  is  due  either 
to  absence  of  toxin,  to  bacterial  inactivity  or  because  the  toxins  are 
neutralized. 

A suspicious  report  with  request  for  another  culture  is  given  when 
a positive  diagnosis  can  not  be  given,  some  bacteria  being  present  whose 
morphology  and  staining  properties  closely  simulate  true  diphtheria. 

In  all  cases  where  there  is  no  growth  because  of  a dried  medium  of 
failure  to  implant  the  germs,  or  where  there  is  gross  contamination,  a 
request  is  made  for  another  culture.  In  these  cases  nothing  definite  can 
be,  learned  from  the  report. 

A negative  report  is  given  in  all  cases  in  which  true  diphtheria 
bacilli  are  not  found.  This  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  they  are  not 
present  in  the  nose,  throat  or  larynx,  but  simply  that  they  are  not  found 
in  the  culture.  Their  absence  from  the  culture  in  such  cases  is  to  be 
explained  by  the  fact  that  the  bacteria  may  have  been  in  the  larvnx  and 
culture  taken  from  tonsil  or  some  other  part  of  respiratory  tract,  or  even 
when  present  and  transplanted,  they  may  not  develop.  A single  negative, 
then,  does  not  mean  much,  and  in  suspicious  cases  three  or  four  cultures 
should  be  taken  before  a clinically  suspicious  ease  is  regarded  as  negative. 

TYPHOID  AND  PARATHYPHOID  FEVERS. 

Dried  blood  method  for  making  Widal  Reactions  is  employed. 

- Outfit  for  Collecting  and  Transmitting  Blood. 

The  department  furnishes:  1st,  an  aluminum  plate  with  a depresr 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


43 

sion  for  receiving  the  blood;  2nd,  a copper  wire  loop  of  given  dimensions, 
for  transferring  an  approximate  quantity  of  blood  from  the  skin  of  the 
patient  to  the  plate ; 3rd,  a circular  of  information  as  to  the  method  of  se- 
curing and  transmitting  the  blood;  4th,  a card  with  blanks  to  be  filled  in 
by  physician  and  bacteriologist,  with  data  of  the  case  and  result  of  the 
laboratory  findings.  These  are  enclosed  in  a heavy  manilla  addressed 
envelope.  The  whole  outfit  is  designed  and  made  of  such  weight  that  a 
two  cent  stamp  will  carry  it  through  the  mail. 

Outfits  may  be  obtained  at  the  laboratory  or  the  culture  stations. 
They  should  be  returned  to  the  laboratory  by  mail,  and  not  returned  to 
culture  stations. 

Method  of  Examination. 

The  dried  blood  on  the  plate  is  mixed  in  loco  with  about  ten  drops 
of  sterile  water.  A loop  full  of  this  diluted  blood  is  transferred  to  a 
cover  glass  and  a iiw  bacilli  typhosus  (Eberths)  are  transferred  from  a 
twenty-four  hour  old  agar  culture  to  the  drop  and  thoroughly  disseminat- 
ed. The  drop  is  examined  at  once  to  determine  that  the  bacteria  are  not 
too  numerous  or  too  few,  and  sufficiently  motile.  The  hanging  drop  is 
then  placed  in  the  incubator  for  one  hour  and  examined  after  another 
hour  outside  the  incubator  to  ascertain  lost  motility  or  agglutination.  If 
motility  is  lost  and  agglutination  is  complete  the  report  is  sent  as  possi- 
tive. 

If  there  is  either  lost  motility  or  agglutination  alone  the  report  is 
atypical. 

If  there  is  neither  loss  of  motility  nor  agglutination  the  report  is 
negative. 

Interpretation  of  Results. 

A positive  reaction  results  from  the  presence  in  the  blood  of  the 
patient  of  certain  chemical  bodies  resulting  from  the  reaction  of  specific 
body  forces  to  the  toxine  of  the  typhoid  bacillus.  These  bodies  may  or 
may  not  be  associated  with  the  presence  of  the  anatomic  lesions  and  the 
symptoms  making  up  the  symptom  complex  and  the  signs  known  as 
typhoid  fever.  When  these  bodies  have  once  been  developed  they  may 
remain  for  months  or  years.  The  same  reaction  has  been  many  times 
observed  in  other  diseases,  viz.:  Paratyphoid,  miliary  tuberculosis  and 
proteus  infections. 

This  makes  it  necessary  that  complete  histories  should  accompany 
each  specimen  submitted,  so  that  the  results  may  be  judged  accordingly. 
Very  essential  is  the  determination  whether  the  patient  has  previously, 


44 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


and  how  long  previously,  suffered  from  any  affection  that  they  may  have 
been  typical  in  nature. 

An  atypical  reaction  means  nothing,  subsequent  reactions  may  be 
either  positive  or  negative,  and  as  often  one  as  the  other. 

A negative  reaction  is  of  but  little  significance.  The  time,  after  the 
onset  of  the  fever,  at  which  the  reaction  is  obtainable,  may  be  at  any  time 
from  the  first  few  days  until  late  in  the  disease,  and  sometimes  not  until 
after  recovery.  Moreover  the  reaction  is  not  constantly  present,  so  that 
a negative  may  be  found  interposed  between  two  positives.  The  necessity 
of  taking  several  specimens  and  trying  the  reaction  repeatedly  in  negative 
cases,  especially  when  the  clinical  picture  is  clear,  is  evident. 

For  paratyphoid  and  paracolon  reactions  the  same  outfits  are  em- 
ployed, the  same  methods  used  and  practically  analogous  results  obtained 
as  with  typhoid.  The  difference  rests  with  the  culture  employed. 

MALARIA.  ^ 

Malaria  occurs  so  rarely  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee  that  no  special 
outfit  is  supplied  by  the  department.  Glass  slides  are  supplied  on  appli- 
cation, and  instructions  and  cards  submitted  therewith,  giving  technique 
of  taking  blood  and  making  cover  glass  preparations  and  for  providing 
the  data  required  for  our  records. 

Method  of  Examination. 

Cover  glass  preparations  are  returned  to  the  laboratory  and  at  once 
fixed  and  stained  by  double  stain  method.  The  finding  of  the  plasmodia 
malaria  is  positive  evidence  of  the  existence  of  the  disease. 

INFLUENZA. 

No  special  outfit.  Sputum  outfit  may  be  used. 

Methods. 

Secretions  from  nasal  or  bronchial  membranes  are  sent  to  the  labo- 
ratory and  examined  by  staining  smears  on  glass  slides  by  Smith 
method.  Or  cultures  are  made  on  glycerine  agar,  on  the  surface  of  which 
human  blood  has  been  smeared,  and  then  examined. 

RABIES. 

General  Instructions. 

Animals  suspected  of  rabies  should  not  be  killed,  but  confined,  and 
notification  sent  to  the  department  laboratories,  so  that  the  animal  may 
be  kept  under  surveillance,  and  thus  possibly  a probable  diagnosis  made 
at  once.  If  animals  die  or  are  killed  the  whole  body  should  at  once  be 
sent  to  the  laboratories,  so  that  it  may  immediately  be  placed  on  ice.  If 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


45 


this  can  not  be  done,  at  least  the  head  disarticulated  low  down  between 
the  shoulders  should  be  submitted. 

Method. 

An  emulsion  is  made  by  thoroughly  macerating  about  one  gram  of 
the  medulla  (carefully  exposed  and  removed)  in  about  100  c.  c.  of  sterile 
water  or  bouillon.  A few  drops  of  this  emulsion  are  injected  beneath 
the  dura  mater  of  each  of  two  rabbits.  The  dura  is  exposed  by  trephining 
at  a point  about  in  the  midline  and  just  posterior  to  the  line  connecting 
the  eyes.  The  plate  of  bone  is  not  replaced.  A collodion  dressing  is 
applied.  Rabbits  inoculated  from  rabid  animals  pass  through  a state  of 
excitation  and  convulsions,  followed  by  paralysis  and  death  in  from  six- 
teen to  thirty-five  days,  some  even  later. 

Post  mortems  are  then  conducted  and  blood  cultures  made  to  ex- 
clude the  possibility  of  death  from  other  infection.  Reinoculations  have 
frequently  been  made  for  confirmation. 

pneumonia. 

Outfit. 

No  special  outfit  is  provided.  The  sputum  outfit  may  be  used. 
Method. 

Smears  are  made  on  glass  slides  of  the  sputum,  and  stained  directly 
with  methylene  blue  to  demonstrate  the  presence  of  the  diplococcus. 
Since,  however,  this  is  not  a differential  stain,  animal  inoculations  are  em- 
ployed, when  a diplococcus  presenting  the  morphology  of  diplococcus 
pneumonii  is  found. 

One  or  two  c.  c.  of  the  sputum  are  injected  into  the  prominent  pos- 
terior vein  of  the  ear  of  a rabbit.  Death  results  in  about  eighteen  hours 
in  positive  cases,  and  cultures  are  recovered  from  the  blood. 


46 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BACTERIOLICAL  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTHS. 


MONTH 

Diphtheria 

Sputum 

Typhoid 

1 _ 

Para- 

Typhoid  1 
1 

Animal 

fnoculations 

Pus 

Water 
and  Ice 

Mis- 

cellan  ous 

Total 

January  

100 

35 

15 

4 

l U 

7 

1 

16 

189 

February  

40 

30 

10 

5 

3 

12 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 20 

121 

March  

81 

43 

3 

3 

2 | 

14 

2 

I 22 

141 

April  

41 

44 

34 

13 

9 

14 

6 

1 

1 12 

1 

166 

May  

56 

28 

49 

37 

9 1 

21 

38 

1 21 

252 

June  . 

22 

28 

14 

4 

40 

19 

120 

July  

31 

39 

19 

3 

3 | 

8 

1 

1 

1 4 

132 

August  

19 

38  | 

l 

21 

8 

9 

6 

38  | 
1 

6 

118 

September  

22 

42  1 
| 

12 

4 

2 

3 

12  | 

6 

102 

October  

112 

36  1 

I 

11 

3 

3 I 

2 

| 

30  | 

I 

12 

209 

November  

132  1 

1 

28  1 
i 

16 

4 

2 1 

12 

8 ! 

11 

214 

December  

126  | 
1 

48  | 
1 

17  1 

6 

2 1 

18 

4 1 
1 

22 

243 

' Total 

1 

-'9 

1 

1 

439  1 

1 

221 

1 

90 

1 

33  1 

121 

185  ! 

1 

164 

2007 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


47 


DIPHTHERIA. 


MONTH 

Positive 

Suspicious 

No  Growth 

Negative 

Total 

January  1 

1 

35 

1 

5 

0 | 

54 

100 

February  

10  | 
1 

9 | 

2 1 

26 

40 

March  i 

1 

23 

2 I 

2 I 

24 

51 

April  [ 

15  | 
1 

9 

4 

20 

41 

May  ; 

20 

i 

2 I 

3 

31 

56 

June  

1 

1 

1 

19 

22 

July  

9 | 

9 | 

20 

31 

August  

1 

14 

19 

September  1 

^ 1 
i 

1 I 

1 

13 

22 

Orto'ber  | 

58  | 

6 | 

48 

112 

November  

1 

52 

i 

7 

2 | 

71 

132 

December  1 

1 

48  1 
1 

8 | 

2 1 

68 

126 

Total | 

1 

283  | 

38  1 

23  | 

408 

752 

48 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SPUTUM. 


! 

| Positive 
1 

1 

I Negative  | 

1 Total 
1 

January  

1 

j 17 

I 18 

1 35 

FV>hrn  a ry  

| 18 

I 12 

1 30 

Mar^li  

| 20 

1 23 

1 43 

April  

1 

I 24 

1 20 

1 44 

May  

| 14 

I 14 

1 28  . 

Jump  

i 16 

! 12 

i 28 

July  

| 15 

! 24  1 

39 

August  

I 15 

1 1 
1 23 

38 

September  

1 

1 14 

1 1 
| 28 

j 42 

Ortohpr  

1 

1 11 

1 1 
1 25 

1 36 

Nnvemhpr  

7 

I 21  ! 

28 

December 

! 19 

I 29  1 

49 

1 

1 1 

190  ! 249  1 439 


Total 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


49 


January  . 
February 
March  . . . 
April 

May  

June  

July  

August  . . . 
September 
October  . . 
November 
December  . 

Total. 


PARA-TYPHOID  AND  COLON. 


Positive  | Atpyical 

i 

i i i 

i 

i i 

i 

i 

1 I 2 

1 


Negative  I 


4 

3 

10 

36 


Total 


4 


3 


13 

37 


I 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TYPHOID. 


1 

[ 

1 

Positive  | 

Atypical 

1 

1 

Negative  j 

Total 

.7  a n mi  rv  

1 

| 

1 | 

2 

1 

| 

12 

7 

15 

February  

1 

1 | 

2 

1 

| 

10 

March  

1 

1 | 

1 

| 

2 

3 

April  

1 

, ..1 

IS  | 

3 

3 

1 

| 

13 

34 

May  

1 

. ..1 

19  1 

1 

| 

27 

49 

June  

1 

• ..1 

2 | 

1 

I 

| 

11 

14 

July  

1 

. ..! 

5 1 

1 

1 

1 

13 

1 19 

August  

1 

. ..| 

5 | 

3 

1 

I 

13 

! 21 

September  

1 

. ..1 

2 | 

2 

1 

1 

8 

I 12 

October  

1 

. ..1 

2 | 

2 

1 

| 

2 

1 

1 11 

November  

1 

. ..| 

4 | 

2 

1 

I 

10 

1 16 

December  

1 

. ..1 

4 1 

3 

1 

| 

10 

I 17 

1 

1 

Total 

I 

. ..I 

64  ! 

1 

23 

1 

1 

134 

I 221 

1 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


51 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  AND  MICROSCOPIC  EXAMINATIONS 
BY  YEARS. 


1 1901  ! 
1 1 

1902  | 

1 

1 

1903 

1 

1904  | 
1 

1905 

Diphtheria  

1 

1 

384 

j 383 

1 

329  1 

752 

Sputum  

I 

292  ' 

1 323 

414  1 
j 

439 

Blood  

81 

56 

97 

291  1 

I 

301 

Miscellaneous  

j 

! 1 06 

I 

37 

82 

1 

327  1 
I 

505 

Total 

I 

1 686 

1 

711 

925 

1 

1 

1561  1 
1 

2007 

52 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


MONTH. 

Animal 

Inoculation. 

1 

Bacteriological 
examination  of 
ice  water. 

Pus. 

Miscellaneous. 

Total. 

January  

11 

1 

1 1 

7 

16 

35 

| 

February  

3 

1 1 

12 

20 

36 

March  | 

2 

1 

1 2 

14 

23 

41 

April  | 

2 

1 6 

14 

12 

34 

| 

May  | 

2 

38 

21 

21 

82 

June  1 

j 

40 

4 

12 

56 

July  i 

3 

| 25 
1 

8 

4 

40 

j 

August  ] 

2 

1 18 

6 

6 

32 

September  I 

j 

. 1 

1 12 
1 

3 

6 

22 

October  1 

i 

3 

I 30 

i 

2 

12 

47 

i 

November  1 

2 

1 8 
i 

12 

12 

34 

December  1 

[ 

2 

1 4 

1 

18 

90 

1 

46 

Total ! 

1 

33 

1 

| 185 
1 

121 

1 166 
1 

505 

REPORT 

OF 

THE  BUREAU  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS. 


i 


53 


REPORT  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS 


F.  M.  Schulz,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health. 

Sir: — I have  herewith  the  honor  of  submitting  the  twenty-ninth 
annual  report  of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  for  the 
year  ending  DeDcember  31st,  1905  : 

DEATHS. 

During  the  yar  just  past  there  were  4,084  deaths  recorded,  re- 
presenting an  annual  death  rate  of  12.19;  as  against  4,182  deaths  for 
the  year  1904,  when  the  annual  death  rate  was  12.87. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  by  years  since 
1869,  together  with  the  officially  estimated  population  and  death  rate. 


Year. 

Population. 

Total 

Deaths. 

Rate 

per  1,000 

1870 

71,440 

1,495 

20.96 

1871 

75.000 

1,452 

19.36 

1872 

79,500 

2,022 

25.43 

1873 

83,000 

1,878 

22.62 

1874 

87,000 

1,939 

22.29 

1875 

1,506 

16.46 

1876 

95,000 

2,128 

22.40 

1877 

100,000 

2,198 

21.98 

1878 

105,000 

1,584 

15.09 

1879 

110,000 

1,978 

17.98 

1880 

1 15,587 

2,390 

20.68 

1881 

122,000 

2,697 

22.10 

1882 

130,000 

2,729 

20.99 

1883 

138,000 

147,000 

2,532 

18.35 

1884 

2,768 

18.83 

1885 

156,000 

2,796 

17.92 

1886 

165,000 

2.021 

18.31 

1887 

175,000 

3,257 

18.61 

1888 

185,000 

2,426 

18.52 

1889 

195,000 

3,188 

16.35 

1890 

204,468 

3,747 

18.33 

1891 

214,000 

4,689 

21.91 

1892 

223.000 

4,516 

20.25 

1893 

232,000 

4,462 

19.23 

1894 

241,000 

4,253 

17.64 

1895 

250,000 

3,885 

15.54 

1896 

260,000 

3,904 

15.00 

1897 

275,000 

3,606 

13.11 

280,000 

3,338 

11.92 

1899 

285,000 

3,843 

13.48 

1900 \. 

290,000 

4,026 

13.88 

1901 

295,000 

3,833 

12.99 

1902 

300,000 

3,797 

12.65 

315,000 

4,091 

12.99 

1904 

325.000 

4,182 

12.87 

1905 

335,000 

4.084 

12.19 

54 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


55 


This  shows  that  as  usual,  although  the  city’s  population  is  increas- 
ing steadily,  the  annual  death  rate  is  steadily  decreasing,  which  of 
course  is  due  to  the  more  strict  enforcement  of  the  rules  of  hygiene  and 
the  rapid  progress  in  the  practice  of  medicine. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  from  the  more 
important  causes  for  the  past  twelve  years. 


Cause  of  Death. 

1 1894 
1 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1 1 
11898 
1 

1 1 1 

1899 |1900 |1901 
1 1 

1 

11902 

1 

1903 

1 1904 
1 

I 

1905 

Typhoid  Fever 

1 

. | 70 

63 

46 

31 

46 

47 

1 I 

1 59 

63 

48 

54 

43 

68 

Measles  

.|  69 

1 

29 

36 

2 

26 

1 36| 

1 I 

17 

| 36 

I 

1 

16 

4 

Scarlet  Fever 

. 1 12 

5 

4 

3 

2 

j 

36 

1 7 0 1 

16 

10 

9 

41 

24 

Whooping  Cough 

. 1 69 

1 

1 60 

15 

19 

53 

1 

9|  46 1 

21 1 49 

43 

6 

24 

Diphtheria  

.1  237 

l 

| 

I 179 

198 

106 

611 

109 

1 124] 
1 1 

100 

1 85 

64 

58 

43 

Pulm.  Tuberculosis . . . 

.1  354 

i 

1 288 
I i 

335 

346 

316| 

1 

372 

| 3731 

400 1 320 

362 

428 

403 

Cancer  

.1  107 
1 

I 139 

l i 

1 158 

1 164 

166| 

1 

194 

| | 

1 196| 

206 

208 

212 

224 

206 

Meningitis  

.1  107 
1 

1 82! 

I I 

| 

| 96' 

70 

108| 

1 

1 1 

1231  72| 

1 1 

93 

93 

90 

71 

1 

82 

Apoplexy  

. | 90 

l 

1 9o| 

1 1 

| 

108 

1 

I 92 

107| 

1 

120 

I 1391 

I 

160 

144 

1 

| 

1 181 

1 171 

166 

1 

Convulsions  

.!  250 
1 1 

239| 

1 

246 

| 

191 

1271 

1 

144 

1 1401 

124 

1 94 

| 

1 132 

| 

1 162 

! 158 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

.1  1431 
1 1 

16l| 

1851 

212 

190| 

228 

227 1 
I 

197' 

1 

1 254 

I 295 

1 360 

1 

1 362 

Bronchitis  

.1  169 
| 1 

1811 

I89I 

193 

| 

1 1 82 1 

173 

1 

1 1801 
; 1 

1 

176 

1 

1 230 

1 184 

157 

146 

Pneumonia  

.1  2451 
1 1 

| 

I 2711 
1 

237 

2391 

1 

| 227| 

281 

299 1 

272 

i 280 

1 456 

1 | 

1 493 

| 

351 

Diarrhoeal  Diseases . . 

.1  3481 

l i 

1 3231 

1 

298 

244 

| 

I 3501 

1 

| 

400 

1 

| 

1 4391 

| 

3221 

- 1 

340 

1 

286! 

303 

, 

287 

Nephritis  

.1  77| 

1 

95| 

1 

106 

1101 

1 

1061 

1321 

| 

1 1211 

132| 

1 

156 

1 

| 

167 

I 

| 

1791 

1 

190 

Congenital  Debility . . . 

. 415 

| 

3641 

1 

347 

217| 

| 

| 

194| 

1 

| 

2441 

1 

| 

3231 

1 

2901 

2341 

| 

3141 

| 

3571 

332 

Senile  Debility 

.1  124 
1 

116! 

1 

108 

123| 

84 1 

69| 

1 

78 1 

1 

| 

1151 

92| 

1 

1061 

1 

I60! 

| 

158 

Suicides  

. | 46 

48 

• 

58 

| 

62| 

1 

| 

62 1 

491 

1 

59l 

1 

59 

69 1 

| 

741 

681 

Accidents  

.1  119 
i i 

1451 

1 

143 

1251 

| 

1161 

1 

1551 
• 1 

152! 

1 

166 

I 

1881 

1 

186 1 

1 

1751 

1 

163 

56 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  following  table  will  show  the  total  deaths,  deaths  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age,  deaths  of  children  from  one  to  five  years  of  age, 
total  deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of  age  and  the  per  cent,  of 
deaths  among  children  under  five  years  of  age  to  the  total  deaths. 


Per  cent. 
Under  Five 


Total 

Under 

One  to 

Total  Under 

to  Total 

Deaths. 

One  Year. 

Five  Years. 

Five  Years. 

Deaths. 

1892 

1,479 

744 

2,223 

49.2 

1893 

4,462 

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

4,253 

1.441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

3,885 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

3,904 

1.297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897 

3,606 

1,077 

425 

1,502 

41.6 

1898 

3,338 

1,010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

3,843 

1,113 

428 

1,541 

40.1 

1900 

4,026 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

3,933 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

3,796 

963 

390 

1.353 

35.6 

1903 

4,091 

1,103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

1904 

4,182 

1,106 

385 

1,491 

35.6 

1905 

4,084 

1.088 

323 

1,411 

34.5 

55,819 

16,917 

6,438 

23,355 

BIRTHS. 

During  the  year  1905  there  were  7,852  births  reported,  representing 
a birth  rate  of  23.4,  against  8,190  hirtlis  reported  for  1904  with  a rate 
of  25.2.  This  shows  a great  decrease  in  the  number  of  births  reported, 
for  no  particular  'reason.  . 


MARRIAGES. 

During  the  year  just  past  there  were  3,360  marriages  reported. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

FRANK  A.  DARLING,  B.  S.,  M.  D. 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics. 


TABLE  A. 

Showing'  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Diphtheria  during  the  year  1905. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


57 


13 

sq^Baa 

o 

H 

saseo 

DEC. 

sqtBaa 

sasBO 

> 

sq}B0Q 

O 

S5 

SBSB3 

H 

sq;Bea  I 

O 

o 

S0SBO 

B 

sq^Baa 

Ed 

GO 

S0SB3 

d 

La 

sqtBaa 

M 

<3 

1 

S9SB3 

1 

pH 

|J 

sqiBaa 

t3 

S0SB3 

JUNE. 

sqtBea 

S8SB3 

k* 

sq;B0a 

<■* 

s 

S0SB3  ‘ 

P3 

Cu 

sq;B0Q 

<3 

S0SBO 

MCH. 

sqtB0a 

S0SB3 

FEB. 

sq;B0Q 

S0SBJ 

JAN. 

sq;B0Q 

S0SBO 

WARD. 

l-'M-rOCQOOOCOCOt-QOO^CM© 
tH  CO  C4  <M  iH  tH  (M  CO  r-t  tH 


<i  <N  <N  rH  <M  i 


o 

£3  o' 


_ „ _ . 01  S3  fl  m . 

§£*  SA  bS  SSS  m & £ £ 

fe  fc  CO  co  K/.hK^ri- X X Ki'.rHSl 


H C 
O a 
& C. 


Total  ...  . . 1 29]  4|  17|  3|  34 1 4|  13 1 3|  18]  2]  llj  . . . | 14 1 4|  7|  1|  21 1 3|  50|  8)  55 1 7]  411  5||310|  43 


Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deathsfrom  Scarlet  Fever  during  the  year 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ID 

o 

C\ 


sqiBOQ 


sasBO 


stuuaa 


S0SB3 


StO  133(1 


•Cl^-t  * 1—1 T— i • CO  rH  rH  rH  t-I  'dHrlrlrtHn 


S8SB0  | 


sqjUvia 


sq;n?aa 


sesB.) 


sq;B3(i 


S9SB. ) 


sq}B9Q 


S0SBJ 


sq;B3Q 


S9SB0 


sq;B3Q 


S8SB0 


sq;B0Q 


S0SBO 


sq;B0Q 


S3SB0 


sq}B9(i 


S0SBO 


sq;B0Q 


S9SB0 


S0SB3 


<M  •NOC'l  • Cl  rH  -rH  -CO 


<<d  • -rH  -ddr 


LUili 


IMOOKi-M  ■ C 


oct-i-tooicdd^ 


(N  tH  • rH  Cl  -(MTj<OiMT}HfCCOCO<N  • rc  © th  • • ec 

• rH  rH  • rH  • ■ 

"rnrH  • • • • Cl  ~ • •_ 


rc  Cl 


lOOOt^lOC^N^^rHCC^jNrHOlC  • C 


i ^ r*  rH  H rH  CO  <N  <M  HP  -<t  CO  HjH  CD  -Id 


• "75  r;^  ^ W J 


Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Typhoid  during  the  year  1905. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


59 


3 

-u 

sq}B9(i 

0 

H 

S9SB0 

DEC. 

sq;^aa 

S9SB0 

> 

Sq}B9(3 

O 

S5 

S9SBQ 

H 

sqt^ea 

O 

O 

S9SB0 

H 

Qj 

sq;B9a 

H 

CO 

S9SB0 

AUG. 

sq;B9'a 

S9SB0 

fa! 

sq;B9a 

P 

S9SB3 

fa 

£ 

sqreaa 

P 

*“5 

S9SB0 

MAY. 

sqtB0a 

S9SB3 

P$ 

fa 

sq^Baa 

C 

S0SB3 

MCH. 

sq;B9a 

S9SB0 

FEB. 

sq^B9a 

S9SB0 

£ 

sq}B9(3 

< 

S9SB0 

WARD. 

CO  rH  CO  rH  CO 


10  Ol  LO  CO  ej  01 


1— I • CO  rH  1 


■CONON-^CDiCSSlN  -rH51M  -C1X 


■KOClrHrH  •HIONCOHOIIN 


(NrH  CO  Tt^r-I 


rHl£5rHC<lrHC0C^rHrH''th 


rH  Ki  rH  rH  rfl  rH  r-t 


iNi-H  • rH  -rH  -<MrH 


COTjiCOeOCOTj<(M(Nt-OTj<»OHi 


CO  K5  CO  r-i  (M  05 


'C 
+J  c 
CO  o 

u o 


3 %33 


• 'Ah-  jO.S-S 

s ® gS/S  g g g § g 


fa  ce  H fa  fa  so 


coSZPfaHHfafaceMfa^p^HHK 


Total 


TABLE  D. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Measles  during  the  year  1905. 


60 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


•u 

squsaa 

O 

H 

sasBj 

d 

sqjBea 

w 

p 

S9SB3 

> 

siUB^a 

i 0 
! z 

sasBj 

H 

sq^Baa 

O 

O 

sasBO 

H 

n . 

sqjuaa 

1 Cd 
* 

S3SBQ 

d 

sq^Bea 

<j 

sasB3 

j 

sqjBaa 

P 

sasBQ 

JUNE. 

sqjBaa 

sasBO 

>< 

sqjBaa 

3 

sasBO 

03 

Pu 

sq;Baa 

C 

S3SB3 

O 

s 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

FEB. 

squjaa 

■sasBj 

JAN. 

sq^Baa 

sasBj 

•t-  ><5  CO  • OC  T 


•O  • 


'O 


• • • ‘ rt  £ ~ — CC  o — 

• • n — -f3. 


~ „ a & ? c- 
5 r-_a  o-’.S  § 8-e  9.  <V- 


“ «-S  S-  m > mo  S 5 g£t<  >*a  % %%% 

rtiMK  Kb'b-b-.b' 


_ — >4  >*  bf  C ? 0>  > ^ ^ r- 

cd  rQ .2  <d  ^ ra>  ^ ~ o .2  a> : 


TABLE  E. 

t 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Small  Pox  during  the  year 

1905. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


61 


sqiBaa 


sasBQ 


sq;B3<3 


sese;) 


sqw^a 


sesi*3 


sq;BO(i 


sq^Baa 


S3SB3 


sq^Baa 


sase.) 


sq^Baa 


sasBO 


sqiBaa 


S8SB3 


sqjBaa 


sasBO 


sq;Baa 


sasBO 


sq^Baa 


sasBO 


sq^Baa 


S8SB3 


sqiBaa 


S3SB3 


S3SB3 


•CCiM  • • -Ci 


COrH  -TlrH®  tHiH  X>OiHlOCO  • • rH  kO  b-  CO  1 


T3 

•S’g 

i o — 
: a/js 


; „ ; a< 

i2  i-ijG  J ^ 


^ <U  Q1  r*  G ^ ^ ^ r*. 

S 

<D  9 rt  o a 


•=  | g 0 £ « I £.9  g o g 1 


112161 


62 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  F. 


Showing  by  wards  the  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Diphtheria,  Scarlet 
Fever,  Typhoid  Fever,  Measles  and  Small  Pox  for  1905. 


Diph- 

Scarlet 

Typnoid 

Measles. 

Small 

theria. 

Fever. 

Fever. 

Pox. 

WARD. 


First  . . 
Second 
Third  . 
Fourth 
Fifth  . . 

Sixth  . . 
Seventh 
Eighth 
Ninth  . 

Tenth 
Eleventh 
Twelfth 
Thirteenth 
Fourteenth 
Fifteenth 
Sixteenth  . 
Seventeenth 
Eighteenth 
Nineteenth 
Twentieth  . 
Twenty-first 
Twenty-second 
Twenty-third 
Hospitals  . . . 

Total  


Cases 

Deaths 

Cases 

Deaths 

Cases 

Deaths 

Cases 

Deaths 

Cases 

Deaths 

5 

• • . . t 8 

U 

3 | 

1 1 
! 2 I’**’ 

1 

8 | 

1 

10 

....  1 10 

O 

1 

1 1 

....  1 ... . 

2 | 

...  l 1 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 . . . . 

12 

....|  12 

13 

1 

1 1 

1 

10  ] 

l 

5 

• • • . | 37 

4 

15 

3 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

2 | 

1 

11 

....|  18 

.... 

1 8 

13  | 

1 

9 

5 

9 

Q 

1 

. ...  1 

4 

6 

1 

.... 
1 9 

i i 

i 1 . . . . 

2 

17 

| 

'| 

I....I  30 

1 

1 

22 

3 

7 

20 

32 

1 | 

1 ....  j 56 

1 

1 

20 

1 2 

1 

25 

16 

24 

I 

....  34 

Q 

O 

25 

6 

I 

3 

8 

1 

8 

I 

1 

••••!  19 

2 

15 

| 

I 2 

1 

I 

10 

8 

I 

1 | 19 

2 

1 

10 

t 

18  1.... 

16  1 

1 

9 

1 

I....I  13 

2 

45 

! 6 

1 | 

I 

10  1 

1 

29 

1 

i 1 

I....I  45 

24  ! 

I 

1 5 

I 

1 

4 j.... 

16 

I 

i 1 

|....|  31 

1 

| ..  .. 

1 

16 

t 

1 

1 2 

I 

1 

2 |.... 
I 

8 1 ..  .. 
I 

3 

* I 

....}  21 

3 

14 

1 2 

I 

1 

f 

4 | . . . . 

17 

1 

I....I  27 

|.... 

| 

28 

1 

1 

13  | 

1 

28 

1 

|....|  51 

1 1 

13 

1 1 

I 

5 j . . . . 

34  | 

1 

30 

1 

1 31 

1 

10 

1 

1 2 

I 

46  | 

I 

23  | 

1 

1 

14 

i ' 1 

|....|  11 

.... 

9" 

t 

1 2 

I 

11  | .. .. 

1 

3 | 

1 

12 

1 

1 1 

1 ....|  21 

1 

12 

1 

1 

| ..  .. 

1 | 

l 

6 | 

1 

1 

6 

1 

I 1 14 

2 

10 

1 2 

14  | . . . . 

1 

4 | 

1 

1 

1 ....I.... 

j 18 

1 

..  ..|.... 

1 

1 

1 

310 

1 

1 1527 

24 

351 

! 68 

1 

150  1 

216 

1 

CHART  No.  1. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


63 


iMP! 

1 

JH  _ 

Mi 

S § 3 8 


« ei  © 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  2. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  and  Croup  for  25  years,  1881-1905  Inclusive. 


64 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


.21 

.20 

.19 

.18 

.17 

.16 

.15 

.14 

.13 

.12 

.11 

.10 

.9 

.8 

.7 

.6 

.5 

.4 

.3 

.2 

.1 

.0 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


65 


CHAKT  No.  3. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  25  Years,  1881-1905, 

Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  4. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Measles  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHAKT  No.  5. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


67 


5061 
*061 
COST 
74)81 
1061 
0061  * 
6681 
868i 
468! 
968! 
9681 
Hi8! 
8681 
3681  • 
1681 
0681 


488! 
9881 
S881 
W81 
688  i 
3881 


mm 

ffi 

re 

Eli 

CB 

(MM 

S3 

& 

! 

o 

o 

iO 

h- 

o 

lO 

o 

C^a 

o 

Cv»  -* 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  D aths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


68 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  No.  6. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Bronchitis  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 

260 
225 
200 

175 
150 
125 
100 
75 
50 
25 
0 


900 

800 

700 

COO 

500 

400 

300 

200 

SCO 

©00 


1 

i 

\ 

' 

■x 

A 

' 

r 

'V 

% 

/ 

\ 

X- 

h 

t 

r 

S 

r 

/I 

\ 

A 

V 

J 

V 

V 

v 

V 

/ 

T 

t 

A 

/ 

V 

A 

/ 

pr 

\ 

V 

V 

09 

05 
07 

06 
05 
04 
03 
02 
01 
00 


Black — Per  Cent  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  7. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Pneumonia  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH . 


09 


s a § a>3»  S 5 S ® 1 1 i g 2 

3s  3s  vs  3s  3s  Co  cn  on  oo  OO  CO  r</)  r/)  OO  00  QO  w C5  3^ 


35S 

cn  5>  (71 


0.17 

0.16 

0 15 
0 14 
0.13 
0 12 
0.11 
0.10 
0.09 
0.0$ 
0.07 
0.06 
0.05 
0.04 
0 03 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  8. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Consumption  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


70 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


17  00 
1C  00 
15.  uO 

14.00 

13.00 

12.00 
11.00 
10.00 

9.00 

5.00 
7 00 

6.00 
6.00 


\ 

- 1 

■ *\ 

A 

i\ 

A 

~F 

\ 

rf- 

-J f 

\ 

A 

V 

V 

V 

/ 

A 

V 

r 

l 

'-N 

s 

A 

/ 

V 

V 

/ 

V 

| 

7 

\ 

j 

—J 

.17 

.16 

.16 

.14 

.13 

.12 

n 

.10 

.09 

.08 

.07 

.06 

.05 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  Shows  Deaths  for  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


71 


The  Y^ear  1880  Shows  Deaths  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


72 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  No.  10. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Apoplexy  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


200 


175 

150 

125 

100 

75 

50 

25 

0 


0 06 
0 05) 
0.01! 
0 03 
0.02 
0 01 
0.00 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


•’Showing  Deaths  from  Convulsions  for  25  Years,  1881-1905,  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


73 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


74 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  1 — Showing  the  Number  of  Deaths,  According  to  Cause, 
Annual  Death  Rate  per  1,000  for  the  Year  was  12.19, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

a 

a> 

C3 

Be 

U.  s.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

1 

II 

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

Total — All  Causes I 

4084| | 2192| 1892| 

| 2134| 1314| 

613| 

23M1957 

1 562|1565 

General  Diseases | 

983| 

| 493| 

4- 

CD 

o 

| 469| 

407) 

101| 

61 

| 421 

1 185] 

377 

II 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

1.  Typhoid  Fever 1 

68 

35| 

33 

1 41 

25 

1 

11 

| 32 

17| 

19 

2.  Malaria  1 

1 

1 

| . . . . 

1 

11 

3 Small  Pox 

1 

*"i 

I 1 

1 H 

1 ! * ! ! 

4.  Measlp<a  | 

4 

i 

’”3 

4 

4 

24 

li 

13 

| 23 

1 

19  4 

1 i 

6 Whooping  Cough 

24 

13 

11 

24 

1 

23 

.... 

1 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

43 

20 

23 1 

431 

37 

4 

2 

8.  Grippe  

17 

10 

71 

5 

5 

7 

3'  2 

12 

9 Dvsenterv 

2 

2 

0 

10  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

1 

"i 

1 

.... 

1 

11.  Purulent  and  Septieaemic  Infection.. 

51| 

| 26 

.... 

1 

1 25| 

1 21 1 

25 1 

5| 

1 

...I 

1 1 1 
| 20 | 17 

1 14 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

403| 

| 203 

| 200| 

1 179 

194| 

28| 

2| 

I 176 

1 81 

1 146 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

91 1 

1 51 

1 40 1 

1 691 

201 

21 

...! 

1 62 

15 

1 14 

14.  Cancer  

2061 

| 95 

I 1111 

1 27| 

1221 

55| 

2| 

1 22 

1 33 

| 151 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

47 1 

| 26 

1 21| 

1 301 

1 13' 

1 3 

1 H 

1 211  10 

1 16 

Local  Diseases 

10.  Meningitis  

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage. 

Paralysis  

Convulsions  of  Infants 


18. 

10. 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 


23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Rroncho-Pneumonia . . 
2o.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 


Disrrhcpa  and  Enteritis,  under  2 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years. 
Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.. 

20.  Peritonitis  

30.  Appendicitis  

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 


20. 

27 

28‘. 


31. 


32.  Bright’s  Disease 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito-TTrinary  Sys. 


34. 

35. 


Puerperal  Septicaemia 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases . 


36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 


38.  I^vdrocpphalus  

.30.  Other  Malformations. 


40. 

41. 


Congenital  Debility. 
Senile  Debility 


Violence  ... 

42.  Suicide  .. 

43.  Accidents 


, .1  ; 1 i 1 ■ rt 

44.  Other  Causes— 111  Defined. . 

45.  Homocidp  


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COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


75 


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ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


76 


TABLE  No.  2 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Se* 


Social  Condition. 


Nativity. 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Death 

| Male.  | 

1 

c 

Cl 

C 

(75 

| Married 

Widowed. 

*2 

I 

5 

□ 

1 

is 

U.  S.  other 
| than  Mit. 

| Foreign  j 

Total— All  Causes I 

392 

216 

177 

165 

159 

64 

4 

157 

56 

179 

General  Diseases 

105  | 

58 

47 

46 

46 

12 

1 

44 

14 

47 

1. 

10 

3 

7 

5 

5 

7 

3 

2. 

3 

4. 

5 

5 

1 

4 

5 

! 5 

6. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

I 2 

7 

4 

4 

4 

3 

1 

8 

10 

6 

4 

5 

2 

3 

1 2 

i 

7 

9 

10. 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

5 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

35 

18 

17 

12 

19 

3 

1 

14  ] 

7 

14 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

8 

6 

2 

7 

1 

1 6 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer  

19 

12 

7 

14 

“5 

1 1 

1 

17 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

7 

4 

3 

"4 

3 

! 3 j 

1 

3 

Local  Diseases 

267 

143 

124 

111 

106 

47 

3 

106 

38 

123 

16. 

Meningitis 

12 

6 

6 

11 

1 

10 

1 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage  . . 

■10 

3 

7 

5 

5 

2 

8 

18. 

Paralysis 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants  . . 

10 

6 

4 

10 

10 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

43 

23 

20 

3 

26 

13 

1 

4 

9 1 

30 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

' 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

22 

9 

13 

14 

3 

5 

14 

1 

7 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho  Pneumonia 

57 

33 

24 

28 

26 

3 

25 

9 

23 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

5 

4 

1 

! 5 

5 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

1 

1 

1 

1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

4 

"2' 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

i 

29. 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis 

6 

4 

2 

1 

5 

1 

3 

2 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

16 

8 

8 

7 

8 

1 

9 

1 

6 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

21 

14 

7 

3 

16 

2 

3 

2 

16 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Geuito  Urinary  System  .... 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

4 

4 

4 

1 

3 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Sit  in  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

1 

1 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

1 

1 

1 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

... 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

21 

14 

7 

21 

21 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

17 

11 

6 

1 

4 

12 

I 

17 

Violence 

17 

I 14 

3 

7 

7 

3 L . 

1 6 

4 

7 

42. 

Suicide 

10 

1 8 

2 

4 

4 

2 

!|  3 

3 

4 

43. 

Accidents 

6 

I 5 

1 

0 

3 

1 1.  . . . 

1'  3 

1 

2 

44. 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined 

3 

3 

1 

2 

! 1 

I 2 

45. 

Homicide 

1 

1 1 

1 

i. . 

1 * 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


1 1 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  January,  11)05. 


aoe: 


78 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  3 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


— 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

O 

la 

o 

H 

Male 

Female 

”5d 

a 

<55 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee  1 

U.S. other 
than  Mil., 

1 

£ 

Total— All  Causes  

310 

180 

| 130 

172 

88 

49 

] 

153 

39 

113 

General  Diseases 

70 

41 

1- 

j no 

24 

7 

35 

12 

23 

1. 

6 

4 

2 

4 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2. 

3. 

4. 

7 

3 

l 4 

i 7 

£ 

2 

6. 

3 

1 

3 

— 

7. 

2l 

1 

1 2 

2 

2 

8. 

1 

| l 

1 

1 

9. 

1 

10. 

11. 

2 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tub-  rculosis 

29 

18 

11 

13 

13 

3 

13 

1 ' 6 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

8 

7 

1 

6 

1 

1 

7 

1 

14. 

8 

4 

4 

2 

4 

2 

I"2 

6 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

4 

1 2 

1 2 

1 1 

i 3 

”l 

1 1 

2 

Local  Diseases 

220 

123 

97 

| 124 

57 

39 

118 

22 

80 

16. 

Meningitis 

7 

4 

3 

7 

7 

... 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

15 

11 

4 

- 3 

j ' *4 

8 

1 

4 

10 

18. 

Paralysis 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

14 

6 

8 

14 

|.... 

13 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

4 

2 

2 

2 

| 1 

1 

”i 

3 

21. 

Oreanic  Heart  Disease  

29 

14 

15 

5 

1 15 

9 

4 

5 

20 

22. 

Other  Di-ease9  of  (Jirculatory  System.. . . 

3 

2 

! | 

1 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

18 

10 

8 

12 

1 2 

4 

11 

1 

6 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

47 

30 

17 

30 

, 12 

5 

30 

3 

14 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System.  . 

3 

3 

1 

2 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

9 

5 

. 4 

9 

9 

[... 

27. 

Diarrhoea  *nd  Enteritis,  over  2 y^ars 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

2 

. . . 
2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis  . 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

30 

Appendicitis 

1 

1 

1 

i 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

14 

8 

6 

"7 

6 

1 

7 

3 

4 

32. 

Bright's  Disease 

lol 

8 

2 

3 

4 

3 

5 

5 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

3 

2 

1 

3 

’2 

j 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

2 

2 

2 

2 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

5| 

j 3 

2 

5 

1 

4 

1 

40. 

Congenital  Debility...., 

22 

1 9 

13 

22! 

22 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

8! 

5) 

1 

1 

7 

8 

Violence 

f 

'I 

1 

1 15 

1 

8 

6 

1 

lj 

1 

4 

5 

7 

42. 

Suicide 

5 

1 5 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

43. 

Accidents I 

1 10| 

1 9 

"v 

6 

3I 

f "i 

1 

3 

6 

44. 

Other  Causes— Ill-defined 1 

4] 

1 

3 

1 

lj 

2 

I 1 

3 

45. 

Upuiocide 1 

l| 

1 

l| 

1 1 

COMMISSIONER  OE  HEALTH 


79 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  February,  1905. 


A.  OR. 


80 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  4 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex  | 

Social  Condition 

) Nativity 

1 

*5 

a 

£ 

1 

CO 

185 

'O 

0) 

a 

2 

114 

9 

* 

O 

'O 

£ 

37 

1 

I 

s 

1 

1 

* 

| 168 

u • \ 

£ — 
■~S 
0 a 

D 

49 

1 

1 0 
; ■c* 

120 

Total— All  Causes 

337 

| 175 

162 

{Jeneral  Diseases 

87 

46 

41 

45 

37 

5 

39 

18 

30 

1. 

5 

1 

4 

1 5 

1 

4 

2. 

3. 

r" 

1.... 

4. 

1 

1 

1.... 

1 

4 

3 

1 1 

4 

3 

| 1 

6. 

2 

1 2 

2 

2 

1 

7. 

4 

l 4 

4 

3 

1 

8. 

Grippe 

3 

"3 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

"2 

9. 

10. 

11. 

5 

2 

3 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

12. 

34 

22 

12 

16 

18 

18 

4 

12 

13. 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

17 

8 

9 

5 

9 

3 

2 

4 

11 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

! 81 

5 

3 

4 

3 

1 

4 

2 

2 

Local  Diseases 

1 231 

112 

119 

133 

68 

29 

1 

124 

|> 

82 

16. 

Meningitis 

8 

3 

5 

8 

6 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage  

12 

3 

9 

1 

io 

1 

2 

"s 

18. 

Paralysis 

2 

1 

1 

2 

• t 

2 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

19 

11 

8 

19 

19 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System  

1 

I 

1 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

33 

16 

17 

10 

! 18 

5 

"6 

6 

21 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 j 

1 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

13 

6 

9 

1 

i 2 

2 

9 

1 

j 3 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

34 

15 

19 

24 

8 

2 

24 

1 

9 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

2 

2 

1 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years  . 

16 

11 

5 

16 

1 

16 

J 

1 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  over  2 years. . . 

I;!’ 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

8 

3I 

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

2i 

1 

29 

Peritonitis  . 

3 

1 

2 

3 

! 1 

! 0 

30. 

Appendicitis . 

6 

3 

3 

6 

2 I 

4 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

19 

11 

8 

7 

8 

4 

1— 

4 

12 

32. 

Bright's  Disease 

10 

6 

4 

2 

6 

2 

5 1 

2 

3 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

| l 

1 

::::j 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

::::! 

2 

2 

' i 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

i 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System . . 

...J 

1: 

i 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

J 1 

i 

| 1 

. j 

i 1 1 

! 

39. 

Other  Malformations  

1 

. . . . j 

1 

, I 

40. 

Congenital  Debility . . 

• 

26 

1 13 

J 

26 

26 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

13! 

1 5 

9 

4 1 

9 

1 

13 

Violence ,i 

isj 

ie| 

2 

6 

3 

1 

4| 

3 

42. 

Suicide J 

4! 

2 

..2 

1 

3! 

1 

1 

3 

43. 

Accidents j 

14l 

14 

5 

3 

3 

i 

5 

44. 

Other  Causes— HI  defined  1 

i| 

ij 

1 

l 

1 1 

.... 

45. 

Homocide \ 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


81 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Agej>for  March,  5.190 


A os. 


2 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  5 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

1 

Female  | 

C 

j Married 

Widowed 

| Divorced  | 

EC 

a 

0 J a 

“Js  I 
43132 

Total— All  Causes  

372 

206 

166 

208 

112 

50 

2 j 

197 

Oenera!  Diseases  

98 

53 

45 

51 

40 

7 

46 

15 

37 

1. 

8 

5 

3 

1 

1 

5 

3 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever 

1 

1 

i 

1 

6. 

1 

i 

i 

1 

7. 

3 

i 

2 

3 

3| 

8. 

1 

| 1 

..'l 

1 

9. 

10. 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

4 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

51 

28 

23 

24 

25 

2 

25 

8 

18 

13. 

13 

7 

6 

11 

2 

8 

1 

4 

14. 

Cancer 

13 

5 

8 

9 

3 

1 

2 

10 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases 

261 

140 

121 

152 

65 

4*2 

2 

150 

25 

36 

16. 

Meningitis 

11 

7 

4 

9 

I 

1 

9 

2 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

11 

4 

7 

2 

6 

3 

2 

8 

18. 

Paralysis 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

21 

15 

6 

20 

21 

1 . . 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

2 

2 

'l 

3 

! 1 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

36 

17 

19 

6 

19 

10 

1 

5 

8 

23 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

2 

1 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

8 

f> 

3 

6 

1 

1 

6 

2 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

36 

20 

16 

25 

6 

5 

24 

”l 

11 

25 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years 

28 

19 

9 

28 

28 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

6 

4 

3 

' 1 

’ ’ '2 

3 

... 

3 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions  

2 

2 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

"l 

30. 

Appendicitis  . . 

3 

' ’ 2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

31 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

6 

7 

5 

6 

1 

1 

6 

"7 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

20 

10 

10 

8 

8 

4 

5 

5 

10 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

1 

"l 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

| 2 

| 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

1 

1 

1 

" 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

|j 

1 

1 

1 

;;; 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

31 

.... 

! 16 

; 15 

31 

31 

1 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

15 

!i  7 

8 

2 

.... 

1 13 

1 3 

1 12 

Violence 

13 

C 

i 

5 

7 

1 

1 

3 

j 9 

42. 

Suicide 

6 

1 6 

2 

; 3 

1 

1 

4 

43. 

Accidents 

7 

3 

4 

1 2 

1 5 

44 

Other  Causes  — Ill-defined 

...  II  ... 

45. 

Homocide  

--  II 

[ 

COMMISSIONER 


OF  HEALTH 


83 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  April,  1905. 


A OK. 


84 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  6 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

| Nativity 

© 

75 

a 

£ 

© 

u 

a 

35 

j Married 

| Widowed 

| Divorced 

S 

CO 

- 

i 

© — 
gs 

Ofl 

«J 

. J3 

D ** 
55 

a 

to 

- 

o 

134 

Total— All  Causes 

3591 

196 

163 

194 

117 

45 

3 

1 170 

General  Diseases  . 

111 

51 

60 

57 

46 

7 

1 

48 

25 

38 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

15 

5 

10 

7 

6 

1 

1 

5 

3 

2. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3. 

1 

i 

i 

1 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

5. 

3 

3 

3 

2 

1 

6. 

8 

' -4 

4 

8 

8 

7. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

4 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

38 

18 

20 

18 

19 

1 

20 

8 

10 

13. 

14 

7 

7 

10 

4 

7 

5 

2 

14. 

Cancer 

21 

10 

11 

3 

13 

5 

1 

3 

17 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

2 

2 

?, 

2 

Local  Diseases -. 

226 

126 

100 

131 

58 

36 

1 

119 

28 

79 

16. 

Meniogitie  

7 

5 

2 

6 

1 

5 

1 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

17 

12 

6 

1 

9 

7 

2 

3 

12 

18. 

Paralvsis  

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

12 

9 

- 3 

12 

12 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

3 

1 

2 

” 3 

1 

2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

19 

11 

8 

5 

8 

6 

2 

5 

12 

22. 

Oth^r  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

23. 

Bronchitis.  Acute  and  Chronic  

11 

9 

2 

8 

3 

8 

3 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

35 

22 

13 

21 

10 

4 

17 

3 

15 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 years 

20 

8 

12 

20 

20 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

29. 

Peritonitis 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

30. 

Appendicitis 

3 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

21 

12 

0 

10 

9 

2 

"8 

4 

9 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

16 

10 

6 

8 

7 

1 

5 

3 

8 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

4 

4 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

40 

Congenital  Debility 

35 

17 

18 

35 

35 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

12 

3 

9 

12| . . . 

1 

11 

Violence 

21 

19 

2 

6 

o 

,1 

1 

3 

2 

16 

42. 

Suicide 

9 

7 

2 

4 

4 

j 

1 

1 

| t 

43. 

Accidents 

12 

12 

9 

1 

2 

1 

9 

44. 

Other  Causes— Ill-defined 

1 

1 

1 

! i 

45. 

Homocide 

■ 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


85 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  May,  1905. 


86 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  7 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Social  Condition 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH 

a 

S 

«• 

£ 

S 

149 

« 

*3 

e 

u. 

135 

* 

C 

5) 

147 

*D 

E 

s 

96 

"2 

a 

0 

•0 

* 

39 

■8 

g 

0 

a 

2 

© 

9 

*«• 

a 

5 

134 

Is  = 

a a - 
D*'l  i 

38412 

Total— All  Causes  

284 

General  Diseases 

69 

32 

37 

36 

27 

6 

36 

10 

23 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

4. 

5. 

6. 

3 

3 

3 

3 

7. 

8. 

Grippe 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

9. 

10 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

31 

14 

17 

15 

15 

1 

16 

5 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

4 

1 

3 

4 

3 

1 

14. 

Cancer — 

16 

8 

8 

4 

9 

’ 3 

4 

2 

10 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

5 

2 

3 

5 

4 

1 

Local  Diseases 

190 

97 

93 

98 

59 

31 

2 

91 

20 

79 

16. 

Meningitis  

6 

5 

1 

6 

6 

|- 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

11 

6 

5 

1 

' 6 

3 

1 

1 

• • 

1 10 

18. 

Paralysis  

1 •• 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

11 

3 

8 

11 

11 

... 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

4 

4 

1 

2 

i 

... 

3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease  

28 

12 

16 

2 

18 

8 

4 

4 

20 

22. 

Other  piseases  of  Circulatory  System 

6 

2 

4 

3 

2 

1 

1 

5 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic  

7 

4 

3 

5 

1 

1 

5 

2 

24 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

15 

9 

6 

8 

4 

3 

8 

7 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

6 

2 

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  i years 

17 

12 

5 

17 

16 

1 

n. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 jears 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions  

3 

2 

1 

1 

i 

1 

3 

29. 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30 

Appendicitis 

5 

4 

1 

' '4 

1 

2 

i 

2 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

12 

8 

4 

4 

5 

2 

1 

2 

3 

7 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

14 

5 

0 

3 

9 

2 

3 

2 

1 9 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System  

2 

1 

1 

2 

. . . 

I 

2 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

33. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

1 

"i 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

37. 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations  . , 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

26 

15 

11 

26 

26 

41. 

SeDile  Debility 

9 

2 

7 

1 

4 

4 

1 

a 

Violence  

25 

20 

5 

13 

10 

2 

7 

8 

10 

42 

Su icide  , , , , 

8 

i 6 

2 

3 

4 

1 

2 

2 

I 4 

43. 

Accidents 

17 

14 

3 

10 

6 

1 

6 

6 

8 

44 

45 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


87 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  June,  1905. 


aQE. 


88 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  8 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


ja 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

<4 

a 

a 

£ 

© 

s 

© 

a 

£ 

© 

s 

a 

53 

T3 

© 

■i 

53 

t 

J 

O 

£ 

T3 

© 

£ 

C 

5 

<D 

J* 

i 

i 

OS. other 
than  Mil- j 

d 

to 

© 

& 1 

Total— All  Causes 

292 

156 

136 

159 

75 

58 

146 

42 

104 

62 

26 

36 

27 

22 

13 

25 

16 

21 

1 

2. 

3. 

4. 

1 

1 

1 

i 

6. 

7. 

4 

1 

3 

4 

4 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

4 

1 

12. 

30 

15 

1 

15 

17 

8 

5 

12 

12 

0 

13. 

5 

4 

2 

3 

4 

1 

14. 

13 

3 

10 

1 

7 

6 

2 

11 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

4 

3 

” i 

1 

2 

”‘i 

1 

2 

1 nrnl  Diseases  

202 

109 

1 

93 

117 

42 

43 

108 

21 

73 

16. 

Meningitis 

7 

6 

7 

6 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

14 

8 

6 

“5 

"9 

1 

13 

18. 

Paralysis 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

10 

3 

7 

10 

9 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

7 

4 

4 

" 2 

' 1 

1 

2 

4 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

20 

14 

6 

6 

9 

5 

7 

2 

11 

22. 

Other  Disea969  of  Circulatory  System.  . 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

4 

23. 

BroDcbitis  Acute  aud  Chrooic 

9 

7 

2 

9 

9 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho- Pneumonia 

8 

2 

6 

3 

1 

4 

2 

2 

4 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years  

23 

16 

1 

7 

23 

3 

23 

2 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

6 

1 

2 

1 

3 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions  

3 

1 1 

1 

2 

3 

29. 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis 

5 

''.3 

0 

5 

4 

I 1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

17 

8 

9 

"8 

2 

9 

”8 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

19 

11 

8 

9 

1 

5 

5 

6 

8 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

i 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

1 

1 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

j ... 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

1 

1 

i 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

24 

16 

8 

24 

24 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

171 

7 

10 

1 

2 

i 14 

6 

11 

Violence  

07! 

1 21 
3 

! 

! 14 

11 

2 

h 

12 

I 5 

10 

42. 

Suicide 

, | 

4 

in  2 

1 

1 1 

3 

43. 

Accidents 

22 

18 

41 

12 

8 

i 2 

12 

1 3 

44. 

45. 

Other  Causes  — Ill-defined 

Homocide 

1 

1! 

1 1! 

1 

i 'l 

I...:]::. 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


89 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  July,  1905. 


AQEC. 


90 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  9 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


1 

% II  Sex  | 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH 

J 

a 

© 

H 

Male  j 

© ' 

i 

& 

D 

53 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced  j 

Mllwa’keej 

0.4).  other 
than  Mil. 

= 

v» 

1 

Total— A 11  Causes j 

.340 

181  j 

159 

197 

97 

45 

1. 

170 

45 

125 

68 

.35 

as 

37 

28 

3 

‘20 

11 

31 

1 

3 

2 

l 

2 

] 

1 

1 

2 

‘2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

9.  Dysentery 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

l 

.32 

16 

16 

20 

10 

2 

u 

It 

3 

4 

2 

2 

17 

8 

9 

>1 

1 

4 

2 

11 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Local  Diseases  

*251 

132 

119 

146 

65 

39 

1 

139 

29 

1 6.  Meningitis 

2 

J8 

2 

1 

1 

1 

JO 

2 

10 

(J 

1 

;( 

14 

IK.  Paralysis 

11*.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

8 

4 

4 

8 

8 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

1 

3 

1 

.7 

2 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

28 

14 

14 

14 

7 

r 

5 

18 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

JO 

6 

4 

1 

6 

.3 

4 

6 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

2 

2 

l 

1 

1 

1 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

8 

' ’ ‘i 

6 

2 

1 

5 

2o  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

1 

1 

1 

l‘‘i 

26  DiaVrbcea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 vears  . . . 

70 

38 

32 

70 

70 

<>7  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 vears 

9 

4 

5 

2 

2 

6 

1 

2 

28  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

1 

1 

1 

4 

20  Peritonitis 

8 

2 

6 

2 

6 

3 

2 

W appendicitis 

4 

2 

1 

1 

2 

| 1 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System : 

18 

9 

i* 

10 

5 

3 

8 

2 

A 

32  Bright’s  Disease 

14 

.3 

10 

4 

3 

6 

2 

4 

s 

33  Other  Diseases  of  Gonito  Urinarv  System 

3 

L... 

1 

2 

.1 

.31  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

2 

! l 

2 

2 

l 

2 

3)  Other  Puerporal  Diseases 1 

1 

1 

1 

3C  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

1 

1 

37  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

38  Hydrocephalus , 

Other  Malformations  

1 

1 

1 

40.  Congenital  Debility 

23 

15 

8 

23 

23 

41.  Sen  ilo  Debility 

12 

4 

8 

r, 

7 

1 

11 

21 

14 

7 

14 

4 

.3 

r 

n 

42  Suicide . . 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

43  Accidents . 

15 

10 

5 

10 

'"4 

1 1 

5 

6 

44.  Other  Cateses  — Ill-defined . 

45.  Homocide 

2 

' 2 

1 

h 

' 2 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


91 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  August,  1905. 


AGE 


92 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  10 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


-2 

8ex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

i 

a 

I 

i j 

J2J 

Female 

fl 

55 

Married  j 

Widowed 

Divorced 

s 

*«a 

* 

a 

a 

U.S.  other 
than  Mil. 

5 

1 

Tot  At/— All  Causes 

331 1 

180 

151 

180 

99 

49 

3 

166 

42 

123 

General  Diseases 

73 

33 

40 

28 

30 

12 

3 

27 

13 

33 

1, 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2. 

3. 

4. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5. 

6. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

7. 

Diphtheria  antTCroup 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

29 

11 

18 

"io 

15 

4 

'"9 

7 

13 

13. 

10 

6 

4 

8 

2 

8 

2 

14. 

Cancer 

18 

6 

12 

1 

8 

7 

2 

3 

2 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

Local  Diseases 

231 

125 

106 

140 

59 

32 

131 

25 

75 

16. 

Meningitis 

7 

7 

6 

1 

4 

2 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

8 

"7 

1 

4 

4 

.... 

1 

7 

18. 

Pahalysis . . 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

12 

"i‘2 

'l2 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

5 

5 

1 

4 

lj 

2 

2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

22 

13 

9 

4 

.0 

8 

1 7 

11 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

7 

4 

3 

2 

3 

2 

1 

i 2 

4 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

8 

4 

4 

4 

3 

1 

4 

4 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

1’G 

9 

7 

10 

5 

1 

10 

6 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

1 

1 

] 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 years  

44 

23 

21 

... 

J 

44 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

8l 

3 

5 

6 

2 

5 

2 

1 

28. 

Hernias  aDd  Intestinal  Obstructions 

4 

4 

2 

"2 

2 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis 

6i 

5 

1 

3 

'"2 

J 

1 

"l 

4 

30. 

Appendicitis 

3 

2 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System ■ • | 

38 

10 

8 

1 #1 

3 

6 

2 

10 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease | 

111 

! 

5j 

6 

1 

! 5 

4l 

2 

i 

. 

0 

2 

4 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System | 

71 

7; 

! *1 

4; 

2 

1 

1 

5 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia j 

1 

1 

! ! 

ll 

....! 

! .. 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 

3; 

| 

3 

3i 

"2 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue j 

!'"1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System i 

lj 

1 ll 

r;i 

i 

• 

1 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

| 

1 1 

|.... 

J 

i 

1 

39. 

Other  Malforu^ations j 

]j 

' l! 

i | 

_;;;j 

1 

40. 

Congenital  Debility . 

2Gi 

1 1 4 i 

t>: 

I 26* 

I 

26 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

ioji  7! 

si 

! 2! 

1 

3i 

5i 

i 

! 1 

9 

Violence 1 

2ci 

21 

5j 

M 

H 

4|  . . j 

i 81 

* 

!’< 

42. 

Suicide j 

1 

T\ 

c 

1! 

1 • 3 

A 

..  L 1 

! J 

3 

43. 

Accidents | 

!8j 

14 

4 

! q 
1 

1 

4|  . . | 

i 8| 

1 

9 

44. 

Other  Causes— 111  defined  

ill  11 

ll 

1 

45^ 

Homocide 

ill  1: 

::..r 

L,.. i 

i| 

‘-....■■I 

...J 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


93 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  September,  1905. 


A.  Q EC. 


a * 
x> 
c 
p' 

© 

c 

S 

© 

0 

© 

© 

O 

0 

S 

8 

o 

2 

8 

© 

8 

i 

S 

2 

j SO  to  55. 

s 

© 

12 

0 

1 

o* 

O 

£ 

IS 

© 

© 

8 

© 

•ft 

1 

o 

S 

si 

2 

a 

2 

S 

| 

0 

1 

93 

18 

8 

6 

6 

8 

5 

10 

12 

13 

8 

6 

22 

1 12 

10 

19 

li 

16 

17 

12 

12 

7 

C 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

i 

3 

5 

7 

5 

4 

_ 

5 

2 

6 

3 

3 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

6 

3 

3 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

3 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

86 

16 

5 

4 

3 

1 

3 

6 

6 

5 

2 

1 

12 

i 

5 

5 

10 

5 

11 

12 

11 

11 

_ 

1 

3 

1 

1 

i 

i 

1 

2 

2 

1 

i 

i 

! 

i 

7 

4 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

2 

2 

i 

1 

2 

3 

2 

2 

i 

1 

.... 

l 

2 

1 

1 

* 

3 

1 

1 

3 

7 

i 

1 

1 

1 

i 

l 

1 

1 

l 

36 

8 

""I 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l 

1 

2 

! 

l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

4 

1 

4 

1 

1 

i 

1 

• 1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

2 

2 

1 

l 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

i 

1 

26 

2 

1 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

2 

3 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Y 

1 

2 

2 

1 

.... 

1 

94 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  11— Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

1 

a 

© 

ba 

a 

C fj 

1 

TJ 

V 

£ 

£ 

1 

O 

5 

© 

l 

s 

si 

oc 

(/>* 

D" 

54 

d 

ba 

O 

u* 

127 

Total— All  Causes 

366 

186 

180 

198 

no 

54 

4 

185 

General  Diseases 

81 

45 

36 

43 

29 

8 

1 

36 

18 

27 

1. 

7 

4 

3 

5 

2 

4 

2 

1 

2. 

3. 

4. 

1 

1 

i 

1 

6. 

1 

1 

i 

1 

7. 

8 

f) 

8 

7 

1 

8. 

9. 

2 

2 

2 

2 

10. 

11. 

5 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

31 

15 

16 

17 

11 

2 

1 

15 

7 

9 

13. 

6 

5 

1 

r, 

1 

3 

2 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

19 

12 

7 

1 

12 

6 

1 

3 

15 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

l .. 

1 

Local  Diseases 

255 

119 

136 

142 

69 

42 

2 

145 

29 

81 

16. 

Meningitis  

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

13 

5 

8 

8 

• 5 

1 

12 

18. 

Paralysis 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

15 

9 

6 

15 

15 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

5 

1 

4 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

34 

16 

18 

8 

18 

8 

10 

7 

17 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

8 

6 

2 

2 

5 

1 

2 

4 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

10 

3 

7 

5 

2 

3 

4 

2 

4 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

29 

14 

15 

15 

7 

7 

14 

2 

13 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

5 

1 

4 

3 

2 

1 

2 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 years 

32 

19 

13 

32 

32 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

1 

1 

1 

1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions  

6 

3 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis 

4 

1 

3 

2 

”'i 

1 

2 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis 

4 

4 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System * 

13 

3 

”io 

5 

8 

6 

2 

5 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

19 

8 

u 

3 

10 

5 

1 

7 

3 

9 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

J 

i 

1 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

4 

1 

3 

4 

4 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Mai  formations T , . % . 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

37 

16 

21 

37 

37 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

11 

6 

5 

2 

1 

8 

It 

Violence 

27 

22 

5 

12 

11 

3 

1 

3 

6 

18 

42. 

Suicide 

9 

6 

3 

4l 

! 3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

6 

43. 

Accidents 

18 

16 

2 

81 

8 

2 

1 

5 

12 

44. 

Other  Causes— Ill-defined 

3 

3 

i !| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

45. 

Homocide 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


95 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  October,  1905. 


AGE 


96 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  12 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

© 

*«5 

S 

Q 

£ 

1 
C » 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced  j 

2 ! 
- r*  1 

| ! 
154 

ill  i 
^ 1 

421130 

Total — All  Causes 

326 

176 

150 

158 

109 

57 

1 

21 

General  Diseases 

72 

32 

40 

30 

:xi 

12 

30 

H 

29 

1.  Typhoid  Fever 

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

.... 

3.  Small  Pox 

j 

...... 

2 

2 

2 

"'2| 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

7 

3 

4 

7 

' " *6 

1 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1. 

1 

1 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

29 

14 

15 

"'s 

18 

3 

JO 

6 

13 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

4 

2 

1 2 

4 

4 

14.  Cancer 

20 

6 

i 14 

4 

"'8 

"8 

2 

’3 

'is 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

3 

1 

1 2 

3 

2 

1 

Local  Diseases 

238 

131 

107 

122 

74 

41 

1 

117 

25 

90 

16.  Meningitis 

4 

3 

l 

41... 

3 

l 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

13 

7 

6 

9 

4 

:i 

10 

18.  Paralysis.  

1 

1 

1 

1 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

11 

6 

5 

"ii 

1 

U 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

8 

3 

2 

“ 4 

1 

1 

4 

1 

3 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

30 

17 

13 

4 

17 

9 

6 

4 

20 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

6 

2 

4 

2 

4 

6 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

20 

8 

12 

14 

3 

3 

12 

1 

7 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

27 

17 

10 

15 

7 

5 

11 

4 

12 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

4 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

20.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 years  . . . 

15 

9 

6 

15 

15 

*>7.  DiArrhnftA  upd  Enteritis  over  2 years 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

1 

1 

1 

l 

29.  Peritonitifl  . . T 

2 

*1 

1 

2 

2 

30.  A ppendiritia  . . . r 

31.  Other  DiseAnes  nf  Digestive  System  

21 

15 

6 

13 

8 

10 

2 

9 

32.  Bright’s  Disease 

22 

12 

10 

7 

10 

7 

4 

11 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

l 

1 

3ft.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue-  , ,.t. f 

J 

1 

1 

l 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38.  Hydrocephalus 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

40-  Congenital  Debility  - , , , , T r 

29 

14 

15 

29 

29 

41.  Senile  Debility 

17 

12 

5 

8 

9 

4 

13 

Violence  

13 

11 

2 

6 

4 

2 

1 

6 

3 

4 

42.  Suicide 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

43.  Accidents 

9 

7 

”2 

4 

3 

2 

3 

”3 

3 

44.  Other  Causes— Ill-deflned 

3 

2 

1 

1. 

1 

2 

l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

l 

a 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


97 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  November,  1905. 


AGE. 


98 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  13 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

1 | 

o 

H 

375| 

Sex 

Social  Condition  | 

j Nativity 

© 

192 

a 

ta 

183 

© 

□ 

C/> 

171 

'O 

u 

137 

-jj  | Widowed 

| Divorced  | 

© 

© 

| ' l 

152 

4>  — 

•gs 

O S3 

«5* 

b^ 

57 

a 

*©  " 

u 

z 

ii66 

Total— All  Causes  

General  Diseases 

87 

41 

46 

30 

48 

9 

29 

20 

.38 

1. 

6 

6 

! 

2 

1 4 

] 

2 

3 

2. 

3. 

Small  Pox 

.... 

4. 

6. 

7. 

Diphtheria  ancfCroup 

5 

2 

3 

5 

4 

i 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

34 

14 

20 

9 

23 

2 

13 

4 

17 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

H 

4 

| 4 

ft 

2 

1 

4 

3 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

25 

10 

15 

3 

1(3 

6 

3 

7 

15 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

.3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

f oral  . 

268 

135 

133 

132 

80 

. )l  > 

120 

32 

116 

16. 

Meningitis  

8 

5 

.3 

8 

8 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

24 

11 

13 

1 

14 

9 

.... 

.3 

21 

18. 

Paralysis. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

15 

”9 

6 

15 

14 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

6 

4 

2 

1 

2 

3 

2 

4 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

40 

17 

2.3 

8 

20 

12 

1 7 

7 

26 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System.  . . 

5 

3 

2 

2 

.3 

5 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

18 

10 

8 

10 

.3 

10 

2 

6 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia... 

.39 

17 

. 22 

27 

7 

5 

22 

8 

9 

25. 

Other  Diseases  o*  Respiratory  System 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

. 1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 years  . . 

8 

4 

4 

8 

8 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  over  2 years 

is! 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis  . 

1 

j 1 

" i 

"i 

.30. 

Appendicitis  

3 

2 

i 1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System 

21 

13 

8 

8 

9 

1 4 

j. . . . 

6 

15 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

141 

5 

1 9 

.3 

9 

2 

2 

6 

6 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  System 

3 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

1 

1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

.3 

1 

2 

3 

3 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

1 

1 

"'l! 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  , , r f r r . T * 

32 

23 

9 

32 

J 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

17 

6 

1 U 

6 

u 

17 

Violence 

18 

15 

3 

9 

7 

2 

3 

5 

10 

42. 

Suicide  — 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

43. 

Accidents 

15 

12 

3 

8 

5 

"2 

2 

5 

8 

44. 

Other  Causes — Ill-defined 

2| 

1 

1 

2 

2 

45. 

Homocide 

.... 

.. . 1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


99 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  December,  1905. 


a.  ore 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


100 


TABLE  No.  14. — Showing  by  Wards  the  Estimated  Population, 

of  the  More  Important 


Wards 

Population 

Total  Deaths 

Annual  Death  rate 

Deaths  under  1 year,  of 
age 

Deaths  1 to  5 years  of 
age 

1 

07001  103 

10.62 

15 

1 

1 

1 10100 

1 

1 107 

1 1 o 59 

i 

I 22 

1 

1 6 

Third  

5600 

1 

T o 

13.39 

! 21 

1 y 

7 

Fourth  

1 

1 11000 

1 1 

1 125 

11.36 

! 26 

1 

7 

Fifth  

1 1 

! 10300 

i 

124 

12.04 

1 

| 29 

12 

Sixth  

1 1 

1 14100 

I 128 

9.07 

| 25 

8 

1 

Seventh  

i 

1 1 
1 74001 

i 

82 

11 . 08 

1 12 
I 

3 

1 

Eighth  

1 11200 

1 106 

I 9 46 

1 

I 20 

! 4 

Ninth  1 

1 

1 1 
119000 

1 

177 

I 

1 

1 9.32 

44 

1 

1 9 

Tenth  

i 

18500 

171 

9.24 

44 

14 

1 

Eleventh  i 

264001 

278| 

10.53 

98 

26 

1 

Twelfth  1 

1 

1 

148001 

1 

170 

11.49 

85 

14 

1 

Thirteenth  1 

1 

208001 

| 

| 

182! 

| 

8.75 

50 

8 

1 

Fourteenth  1 

247001 

3921 

15.87 

194 

72 

Fifteenth  ' 

| 

144001 

| 

1381 

9.65 

17 

13 

1 

Sixteenth  1 

1 

1 

113001 

| 

1271 

11.24 

r 

is! 

6 

1 

Seventeenth  1 

1 23001 
j 

j 

1591 

j 

12.921 

j 

| 

561 

I 

8 

| 

Eighteenth  1 

17300! 

■ | 

1861 

| 

10.75! 

| 

491 

| 

14 

Nineteenth  I 

13300! 

1091 

8.191 

261 

I 

10 

| 

Twentieth  1 

1 

22000! 

224110.181 

49! 

1 

24 

Twenty-first  1160001 

1 I 

| | 

170110.661 

i i 

561 

1 

16 

Twenty-second  1143001 

1 1 

i 

r 7i 

8.181 

24| 

1 

I 

17 

Twenty-third  i 

i 

105001 

i 

| 

1041 

| 

9.901 

i 

22 1 

6 

1 

Hosnitflifi  

. . 1 

| 

•730 ! 

1 

1 

j 

861 

18 

III! 

1 

! 

Total 1 

! I 

1 40‘84 1 

1 1 

110881 

323, 

i 1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


101 


Total  Deaths,  Annual  Death  Rate  and  Number  of  Deaths  from  some 
Causes,  for  the  Year  1905. 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Typhoid  Fever 

Measles 

Scarlet  Fever 

Whooping  Cough 

Diphtheria 

Small  Pox 

Tubercular  Diseases 

Cancer 

Nervous  System 

Circulatory  System 

Bronchitis 

Pneumonia 

Nephritis 

Diarrhoea!  under  5 
years 

Violence 

WARDS. 

12 

10 

11 

18 

si 

7| 

1 

HI 

5! 

7 1 . . . 

First- 

1 

1 

12 

6 

8 

18 

6| 

1 1 

8| 

2! 

9| 

1 

Second 

3 

... 

1 

1 

4 

1 

9 

10 

9 

1 

7| 

1 4,' 

5| 

a!... 

Third 

1 

9 

22 

6 

9 

14 

sj 

10| 

lo! 

8| 

18 I... 

Fourth 

3 

1 

... 

1 

4 

1 

1 

13 

3 

21 

12 

el 

1 

1 1 
i 13 

1 

61 
1 I 

9li 

1 

11! 

Fifth 

1 

!...' 

1 

1 • • • 

23 

9 

18 

151 

I..1 

9| 

3| 

31 

6| 

Sixth 

1 

1 

1 

1 • • • 

... 

6 

6 

6 

1 

8| 

2,' 

1 

101 

O.I 

24 1 

Spvpti  th 

’ " ’ 1 

1 

• • • ! 

1 

1 1 

2 

1 

...1 

1 

1 

181 

5 

i 

1 21l 

1-31 

a! 

I 

1 

9| 

! 1 

! 

71 

1 

31 

| 

1 

21 

31 

1 

i...i 

1 

1 

1... 

1 

..  . 

1 26| 
| 

11 

i 20 ! 

1 

! 23 

1 

4| 

1 

161 

1 

J 

5! 

1 

101 

1 

9|  ... 

21 

..  -i 

i 

2 

1 

1 ••  • 

1 

’ ’ ‘ i 

371 

| 

12 

23 1 

16 

7,i 

13| 

1 

f 

111 

1 

101 

1 

4- 

01 

. . . i 

1 

4 

8 

• • .1 
1 

371 

j 

12 

34 1 
| 

20 

in 

1 

301 

1 

1 

131 

J 

1 

23! 

j 

4| 

Eleventh 

2 j 

| 

• . • i 

i 

1 

11 

| 

1 3 

2 

1 

..  .1 

20| 

4 

23! 

| 

6 

91 

l 

H 

4| 

1 

21 1 

1 

12|. .. 

1 

i 

4! 

. . . i 

3 

I . . . 

• . . 1 

25| 

15 

22| 

21 

41 

12| 

10! 

131 

1 

41 

Thi  rfppn  tin 

i i 
6 1 ...  j 

i i 

il 

1 

3 

1 

..  .1 
| 

1 

381 

| 

13 

I 

501 

1 

1 

22 1 

1 

‘'SI 

l 

1 

421 

I 

5 1 

1 

62! 

I 

81  . . . 
| 

1 

..  .1 
i 

l 

H 

| 

• • .1 
| 

4 

..  .1 
1 

22 1 

8 

13 1 

26 1 

31 

l 

18! 

j 

1 

81 

1 

5( 

! 

21 . . . 

1 

21 

i 

. . . i 

...1 

...1 

1 

..  .1 

16! 

8 

13 

231 

3| 

15! 

1 

3! 

5| 

11|  . 

1 

21 

| 

i 

' ' ' i 

si 

1 

il 

| 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

91 

| 

81 

| 

261 

j 

! 

131 

| 

1 

91 

1 

i 

141 

| 

1 

101 

1 

H 

1 

5|  ..  . 

I 

1 

. . . 1 

21 

1 

. . . 1 
1 

211 

| 

51 

| 

23! 

| 

241 

1 

41 

1 

161 

1 

8! 

1 

6! 

j 

1 

111... 

I 

11 

| 

. . . ! 

l] 

1 

* ' ’ | 

2 

i 

• • . 1 

| 

20! 

| 

21 

| 

131 

| 

l 

91 

| 

1 

1 

1 

111 

i 

41 

1 

31 

1 

1 

5|  ..  . 

| 

11 

| 

ii 

i 

. . . 1 
1 

21 

3 

..  .1 

33| 

| 

10 

22 1 
i 

231 

l 

121 

1 

! 

171 

i 

I 

8! 

1 

1 

171 

1 

1 

91  . . . 

I 

“| 

. . . i 

i 

..  .1 
1 

1 

i 

..  .1 
| 

26| 

| 

61 

i 

18! 

211 

1 

21 

1 

I 

141 

I 

71 

1 

11 1 

1 

! 

6!  .... 

I 

..  .i 

11 

1 

... 

5 

• • .1 
| 

18! 

i 

81 

1 

101 

| 

111 

1 

3! 

i 

I 

141 

i 

101 

1 

61 

1 

1 

6!  ..  . 

21 

1 

1 1 
i 

1 1 

1 

2 

. . . 1 

l 

8! 
- | 

41 

1 

20| 

| 

7! 

1 

I 

6! 

i 

81 

i 

1 

41 

1 

41 

1 

71.  .. 

19! 

. 1 

..  .i 

i 

11 

1 

4 

11 

1 

281 

1 

341 

1 

39! 

! 

41! 

! 

141 

1 

1 

31 1 

1 

27! 

I 

32! 

| 

66!  . . . 

1 

681 

! 

41 

1 

1 

241 

1 

24 

43 

1 1 ! 

11 494 1 2061 

1 1 1 

472141411461351 1190 '287 12501 . . . 

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


:g2 


TABLE  No.  15. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Number  of  Deaths  Occurring  in  the  Tarious 
Public  and  Private  Institutions,  Hospitals,  Keformatories, 

Etc.,  for  the  Year  1905. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


103 


TABLE  No.  16. 

Showing  the  Nativity  of  Those  Dying  in  the  City  During  1905. 


UNITED  STATES. 


Milwaukee  1,908 

Wisconsin  other  than  Milwaukee ....  266 

New  York  96 

Illinois  41 

Pennsylvania  23 

Massachusetts  15 

Michigan  36 

Ohio  17 

Vermont  7 

Indiana  8 

New  Jersey  3 

Kentucky  5 

Iowa  11 

Maine  4 

Missouri  4 

Minnesota  13 

Virginia  2 

Maryland  2 

Florida  

Louisiana  1 

Kansas  3 

California  1 

New  Hampshire  7 

Connecticut  3 

South  Dakota  1 

Rhode  Island  2 

U.  S.,  unknown  and  not  stated 40 

Montana  1 

Arkansas  1 

Colorado  1 

Nebraska  ' 3 

West  Virginia  1 

District  of  Columbia 2 

Tennessee  1 

Utah  1 

Georgia  1 


Total 2,531 


FOREIGN. 


Germany  978 

Poland  169 

Ireland  94 

England  45 

Bohemia  35 

Norway  27 

Austria  39 

Canada  32 

Holland  9 

Russia  31 

Scotland  13 

Italy  13 

Switzerland  11 

Sweden  * 8 

Belgium  1 

Mexico  1 

Belgium  

Wales  12 

Netherlands  1 

Denmark  3 

Greece  3 

Bavaria  5 

Sicily  2 

Prussia  1 

France  3 

Roumania  3 

Finland  2 

Unknown  3 

Prague  1 

India  1 


Total  1,553 


Grand  Total  4,084 


104 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  17. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Disposition  in  the  Various  Cemeteries,  and 
Otherwise,  of  the  Bodies  of  Those  for  Whom  Burial  or 
Removal  Permits  were  Issued  During  the 
Year  1905. 


Cemeteries, 
; Etc. 

>> 

H 

2 

1 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Permits  for 
still  Births. 

Permits  for  bodies 
bronght  to  city. 

Grand  Total. 

Union  

i i 
! 84 | 60 

1 7 6 1 

1 75 

62 

62 

1 

57! 

1 

1 

571 

73 

1 

81 1 

79| 

70 

| 836 

I 

75 

1 

1331 

1054 

Forest  Home . . 

i i i i 

1 63|  39|  43 

! 47 

58 

35 

1 

30 

43 

36 

37 1 

| 

50 1 

42 

I 523- 

19 

188 

730 

For.  Home  Cr. . 

| 1 

2 

I 7 

4 

8 

3 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2! 

2 

36 

1 

17 

54 

Calvary  

1 87 
1 

1 75 

! 

1 73 

102 

94 

74 

781 

I 

77 

851 

90| 

711 

109 

1015 

93 

14 

1 

1122 

Polish  Union . . 

1 41 

| 42|  45 

1 1 t 

I 39' 

I 

36 

31 

1 

44 1 

68 

60 

58 1 

45 

38 

i 547 

431 

6|| 

1 

596 

Pilg.  Rest 

ii 

I 42|  331  28' 

ill 

1 33 

25 

25 

1 

22| 

i 

22 

13 

i 

1 26| 

14 

25 

308 

30 

j 

7|| 

1 

345 

Wand.  Rest.... 

III! 
1 15|  9|  18 

iiii 

1 19 

19 

14 

1 

12| 

18 

14 

22 

! 

19 

19 

| 

1 198 

29 

18  Ii 

! 245 

Trinity 

III! 
I 12|  81  8 

1 9 

1 i 

1 12 

1 l 

6 

l | 

1 

81 

l 

11 

1 

I 12 

l 

1 5 
1 

10 

8 

| 109 

11 

3 I 
1 

I 123 

Greenwood 

2 

1 2 

1 1 

1 | 

1 

1 . . . 

i 

1 i1 

1 1 

1 

1 . . . 

i 

3 

1, 

| 1 

| ..  . 

4 

15 

1 

1 

1 

31 

1 

19 

Spring  Hill.... 

i i 

i 1|... 

i i 

1 3 

l i 

1 3 

l i 

1 i1 

l i 

1 1 

1 

1 

3 

1 i1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

6 

22 

| 

l 

..  -1 

1 

22 

Second  Home . . 

3|  2 

1 

I i 

1 6 

l 

1 3 

1 t 

1... 

1 

2 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 21 

1 

3 

| 29 

6 

21 

1 

37 

St.  Francis.  . . . 

1 

1 

| . . . 

1 . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

1 • • • 

| . . . 

| . . . 

| . . . 

l 

| 

| . . . 

. . . 1 

County  Farm . . 

1 

! 1 

1 • 

1 4 

1 1 
1 2 

1 1 
i 2 

1 5 

I 

1 

1 5 

1 

1 

! 21 

1 5 

1 

1 2 

2 

I 

1 31 

11 

1 

" 1 

42 

For  Shipment. . 

1 391  331  32 

i i i 

1 33 

35 

1 28 

33 

1 

1 32 

! 28' 

! 40 

1 

30 

47 

! 410 

16 

j 

81 

j 

434 

For  Anatomical! 

1 

1 

|*  ; 

! 

| 

1 

1 

Purposes  . . • 

1 ii  ii 

1 . . 

i . . . 

| . . . 

1 

2 

1 5 

1 2 

. . . 1 

7 

Rroonfi  plrl 

.i 

i 

! 

1 

1 

1 

. . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

| 

| . . . 

1 

. . . | 

1 1 1 

1 

1 

1 ' 

i 

I 1 1 

1 

1 

1 

Total 

i i i i i i 
1392 1310 1337 1372 1359 1284 

292 

1 340 

! 1 1 
1331 13661328 

375 

1 

4084 

1 

1337 

1 

399 1 

4830 

! 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


105 


TABLE  No.  18. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Occupation  of  Those  Dying  in  the  City 
During  1905. 


OCCUPATION. 


Accountant  1 ...  1 

11.1. 

...  |. 

1 . 1 1 ' ! . ! 1 i 

1 1 

Aennt  1 1 

1 

. | 

it 

1 

. . 1. 

1 il 
1...1. 

il 

1 

. . 1 

1 

H 

1 

11  . 

1 

1! 

I 

11  ■ 

1 

. . . | , 

1 

" 1 

1 

f 1 

Apiarist  I . . . 1 . . 

1 

. 1. 

f 

Auditor  1 1 

1 . . . | . 

. . 1 . 

1 

• • 1 

1 

H 

1 

. i 

1 

. . . I . 

| 

1 1 1 ' I 

Baggagemen  I ...  I . . . | | . 

1 1 

1 . . . | . 

. . 1 , 

1 

. . . | . 

1 

T 
. . . 1 . 

1 

1 1 1 1 1 

Ba°-  Maker • 1 1 l . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

1 1 
1 11 

1 

. . | , 

1 

1 

. . 1 

! 

1 1 1 

Baker  1 1 

1 

1| 

1 

1| 

2 

1 1 

1 H. 
1 1 

l-.-l 

..1 

-il 

H • 
1 

• -1  • 

1 

• • 1 

1 

il  • 

1 

i 

Barber  | 1 j 

1 

1 

1| 

1 

2|. 

2|  . 

1 

. -1 

4 

' ' 1; 
1 1 

Bartender  1 1 . 

. J 

L . . 1 

1 

. . 1. 

1 

(•••I- 

1 

. | 

1 

H ■ 
1 

• • 1 

. . i . 

1 

• • 1 

1 1 II!! 

Bathhouse  Keener 1 ...  1 ...  1 1 1 . . . 

1 

1 .. . 1 . 

i 

. . i . 

1 

• . 1 • 

ii. 

1 

Blacksmith  | 2| 

1 1 

1 

11 

1 

4 

1 

31 

i 

i 

.. 

! 

|... 

i 

21  . 
i 

1 

• •I 

i 

1 

H 

i 

j 

i 

1 

21 

i 

1 

Boiler  Make  1 ...  1 

• • 1 

i. 

i 

...  i 

• I- 

i 

i i| 

1 

| 

1 

| . 

1 

. . | . 

i 

• • i . 

1 

. • i 

Bookbinder  1 ...  1 

1 

1 

1|. 

i 

. 

i 

...  i 

1 

1| 

1 

. . | . 

1 

. . | . 

i 

. . i . 

1 

• • 1 

Bookkeeper  I 1 1 . 

1 I 

l 

. .1 

i 

21 

1 

H 

i 

3 

i 

n 

i 

1 

11 

i 

i 

8! 

.1 

| 

i 

21 

i 

1 

21 

i 

Brakeman  1 ...  1 . 

. | 

. . . |. 

• . 1- 

2 . 

• • 1 • 

1 

• • 1 

1 • 

1 

• - 1 

1| 

f 

Brewer  | 1 1 

1 

11 

1 

1 

1 

2| 

1 

1 

. 

1 

1 

11  • 

1 

. . . 1 . 

1 

| 

1 

I 

1 

1! . 
1 

. . i . 

1 

| . 

1 

. . 1 

1 

Bricklayer  I I 

1 

. 1. 

1 

1 

. . 1 

1 

1 1 . 

1 

. . 1 . 

1 

. . 1 

1 

Bridge  Tender j | j . | | . 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
...  1 ...  1 1 1 ...  1 1 ..  . 

I 1 | I 1 

Broker  | | | . | . . . | . . 

1 

1|  • 

1 

. . | . 

1 

• • 1 • 

1 

. . | . 

1 

• • 1 

1 

1| 

1 

Ill1 

Brush  Maker 1 1 1 . 1 . . . 1 . . 

■ J 

1 

. . | . 

1 

• -1 . 

1 

. . 1 

1 

11  . 

1 

. 

1 

Butcher  | 1 1 

1 

11 

1 

21 

1 

2|. 

1 

H 

! 

11  ■ 

1 

1 

• -1 
1 

1 

21 

i 

1 

3! 

i 

' 1 

31 

i 

Cabinet  Maker | | 

1 

| 

IN 

• • 1- 

11  • 

1 

...  1 

1 

• ■ 1 

1 

H • 

1 

1 

1 

. . I . 

• • 1 

11 

Capitalist  | | 

1 

1 

1|. 

1 

11 

1 

| 

1 

| 

1 

| 

1 

| 

Carpenter  | 4| 

I | 

. 1 
31 

i 

l 

31 

1 

6| 

8 

! 

3| 

1 

il 

1 

..1 

1 

6| 

1 

51 

1 

3 1 

1 

8! 

Car  Inspector 1 | 

I 

1 

i 

1 

1 

il 

1 

| 

1 

Carriage  Trimmer | | 

1 

• • 1 

1 

. • |. 

1 

• • |. 

1 

1 1 • 

i 

. . i . 

1 

1 

. . 1 

A-  1 • 

1 

| 

‘ *1 

| 

| 

Ca  sh  Boy | | 

1 

1 

1 

1 

! 

H • 

1 

..1  . 

1 

. . 1 . 

1 

. .1  . 

1 

. .1 

1 

.1 

l 

7 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

1 

1 

14 


19 

4 

8 

1 

x 

9 

1 

16 

4 

2 

50 

1 

1 


1 


106  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

TABLE  JSTo.  18 — Continued. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 
TABLE  No  18— Continued. 


107 


OCCUPATION. 


►I 

01 

£ 

c3 

d 

1 

.ft 

3 

s 

& 

& 

a 

Jo 

g 

1-5 

£ 

<D 

April 

May. 

June 

July. 

p 

< 

p. 

a; 

m 

O 

O 

o 

!z 

01 

& 

Q 

Flagman 
Florist  . 


I I.  [ 


I I 


I I I 


I I I 


I I 


Foreman  or  Woman ...  I ...  I 1 1 1 ! 

Ill 


I I I I 


Gardner 


I I I 


I 2| 


I I I I I I 

Glove  Maker i ...  I ...  I ...  | ...  | 1 1 

l | 


I I 


Grocer  

Hatter  

Hotel  Keeper . . . 
Horse  Dealer... 
House  Keeper . . 
House  Mover . . . 

Ice  Dealer 

Insurance  Agent . 

Iron  Worker 

Janitor  

Jeweler  


I 31 

I I 1 

I II... I 


I 1I-..I  1|  II  II 


I I 


I I 


I... I... I 


I I 
I II.. 
1 1 
I. ..I.. 
I 

I II  •• 

I I 
I II  •• 


I II 


I... I II 


I I 


• I II 
I I 

I-.. I 


I... I 


I I 


I 

I I 


I T7|  391  6|  5 S|  631 
I I I I ! I 


451  51|  451  711  581  8211  700 


I...I...I 


I I I I 


H 


I I I 

I..-I  1,1. 


|...|...|...| 


I I 


I... I 


II  . . - 1- - - 


I II..  -I 

1 I I 

m-\m\ 


i i 


ii ..  .i 


i i i 


i ii 
i 


i ii...i 


i ii... 

i • 

ii. . . 


hi 

n 

hi 

ii 

hi 

ii 

.ii 


i i 


Laborer  I 33 1 23 1 20|  33 1 26 1 24 1 18 1 28 1 27|  251  281  251!  310 


Lake'  Captain, 
Laundryman 
Laundress  . . 


I 

I H. ..I 


I I I I I 

I...I...I  1|... I 1| 


I...I 


I I I 


I I 


I I 


I I I I 
|...|...|...| 


2|  1 1 . . . | . . 
I I 
I . . . I . . 


Lawyer  I ...  I ...  I ...  I 1'  1|...| 


Lighthouse  Keeper 
Lithographer  .... 


II  . . 
I 


l'L 

I 


| 2|  II... I 


l>  I 


I H 


I I 


.11. 


I I 


Lumberman 

Machinist 


I I 


„ III' 

Manufacturer  I i|  | i qi 

„ '’I  Li  i 

Mason  | 21 ...  1 1|. . . |. 

i i i ii 

Merchant  | 5 1 5 3|  4| 


Messenger  Roy ...  Ill 

' i | | 

Midwife-  I ...  I ...  1 ...  | 

Milkman  I ...  I 1|  1 1 

I ' ' ' l i | 

Miller  I . . . | | i 

! " ' " I " " ' ! * " " i 

Milliner  | -|  i ] i 


1|. 

| 

| 

• .1  • 
1 

. .1. 
I 

. . 1 
1 

1!  . 
( 

. .11 
1 I 

2 

1 

1 

11 . 

I 

1 

• -1 

21  . 

..1. 

1 1 

. . II 

3 

l 

"i‘ 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 1 

31 

31.. 

. . 1 

41  . 

. .1 

311 

27 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 1 . 

. .1  . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

.-.1 

HI 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

11 

11  . 

. . 1 . 

..1  . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

. . II 

6 

1 

! 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

21 

1 1 

1! 

11 

11  . 

. .1 

111 

10 

1 

’ 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

3! 

21 

3! 

11 

51 

41 

411 

41 

1 

1 

1- 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 1 . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

. 1 1 

1 

: 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

11 

H . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

. . T . 

. . 1 . 

. .11 

4 

! 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

11  . 

. . 1 . 

. . ! . 

. .1 

1 1 

21  . 

. .11 

5 

10S 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


o 

H 

2 

2 

1 

16 

159 

1 

1 

25 

1 

1 

7 

3 

2 

2 

1 

o 

2 

1 

9 

7 

3 

1 

11 

2 

20 

28 

26 

1 

10 

1 

17 

I 4 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  109 

TABLE  No.  18— Continued. 


MARRIAGES,  1905. 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


I.OWO 


•oioo 

^■inoo 


•aSpnj* 


d T 


003,1 


MOOBOO'fWOOT)l 


<N  TfH  to  o 


I| 


I “ 


r* 


<M  rH  <N  <M 

r-l  l™  t~*  OO" 


. u t, 

>.  *3— 1 


op  i 00  o 


•pojjoaaH 
S03'BIJJBI\[  pe^ox 


3 © 

©5  g ^ a £ £ 3 

a g 5 ft  ~ - © 5 ^ © 

-r- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


Ill 


BIRTHS,  1905. 


Table  Showing  Reported  Births,  as  to  Color,  Sex  and  by  Whom 
Reported,  by  Months. 


COLOR.  SEX. 

s 

REPORTED. 

OS 

2 

cj 

W 

S 

J"}. 

•2 

■9 

P 

cS 

rS 

o 

ft 

1 

1 

April 

May. 

June 

July. 

Sp 

◄ 

a 

o 

02 

o 

O 

s 

o 

5? 

<u 

S 

Q 

Total 

White  .... 
Colored  . . 

Male  

Female  . . . 
Physician 
Midwife  . . 

Total 


I 

36313111370 


I I I I I 

551 1 587 1 656 1 637 1 689 1 62 

I 1 I [ I 

...|..  .I...I.  • 

I I I 

300 1 313 1 338 1 31 

I I I I 

251 1274 1 318 1 320 1 328 

I I I I 

2151289  310  2971382 

I I I I 

336 1 298 1 346 1 340 1309 

I I -1  1 

I 


I I I I 

3616531751  7571581  621 

I I I 

...  I ...  I I ...  . 

I I I I 

344 1 3601 394 1 28S 1 308 

I I I I I I 

316 ! 368 1 309 1 391 1 363 1 293 1 315 

I I I I I I 1 

301 1 385 1345 1 388 1 363 1 305 1 293 1 1 3873 

I I I I I I I! 

326 1 353 1 308 1 363 1 394 1 276 1 330 1 1 3979 

I I I I I I II 


7846 

6 

4006 

3846 


551 1 587 1 656 1 63 

I I I 


'1 691 1 627 1 738 1 653 1' 

I I I I I 


I II 

15811-6231  7852 


II 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


112 


Births  Reported  by  Wards  for  the  Year  1905. 


WARDS. 

I 

>» 

£ 

O 

March 

April 

>» 

ce 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

z 

a 

Total 

First  

7 

6 

1 

10 

1 

6 

1 

1 9 1 11 

13 

8 

1 

1 12 
I 

! 

1 6 

1 

J 

100 

Second  

11 

10 

1 

171 

1 

! 7 

1 

22 

1 12 
1 

13 

4 

1 

1 12 

1 

1 13 

11 

t 

! 1 

1 17 

1 1 

149 

Third  

3 

15 

1 

51 

1 

13 

1 

1 7 

1 

36 

7 

1 12 

6 

8! 

I 14H 

1 1 

131 

Fourth  

12 

14 

81 

1 

1_ 

1 

I 18 

I 16 

17 

18 

1 8 

13 

81 

1 

1 151! 

1 1 

164 

Fifth  

12 

12 

101 

l 

13 

1 14 

1 

1 14 

18 

9 

1 15 

I 

10' 

1 

1 101 

1 

14H 

1 1 

151 

Sixth  

201  15 
1 

1 

221 

1 

271 

■ 1 

21 

1 25 

1 21 
1 

28 

1 

1 37 

1 

I 

24 

1 

10! 

23 1 ! 

I I 

273 

Seventh  1 

3 

1 3 

7j 

1 

t 4 

1 7 

1 9 

2 

1 8 

5 

! 4 

l 61! 

59 

Eighth  1 

15 

I 

1 15 

1 is! 

1 1 

14' 

1 

16 

1 

1 21 

1 17 

15 

1 

1 15 
j 

29 

181 

| 

19  j 

212 

1 

39 

1 33 

I 41 1 

32' 

37 

48 

1 34 

1 37 

1 28 

42 

271 

341 1 

432 

Tenth  j 

1 

26 

1 

i 35 

1 1 
1 251 

1 1 

1 

191 

1 

1 

1 

1 29 

1 

1 

1 38 

1 

37 

1 1 

1 261 
1 1 

I 

311 

1 

1 

261 

1 

II 

281 

1 1 

353 

1 

Eleventh  1 

1 

58 

l 

1 47 

I 1 
1 701 
1 1 

GO1 

1 

1 

51 

1 

61 

! 

1 

1 50 

1 

1 60 

1 711 
1 | 

65 1 

1 

46 ! 

Soil 

703 

Twelfth  

34 

1 

1 34 

1 43| 

1 

:'() 

1 

1 

40 

30 

1 

1 ] 

1 

27 

1 

1 37i 

1 

1 

54i 

1 

30 1 
1 

1 1 

3H  1 

1 1 

422 

Thirteenth  j 

21 

1 

1 58 

1 

1 

1 601 
1 

441 

1 

| 

601 

1 

36 

1 

37 

1 

38 

1 

401 

1 

351 

251 

j 

39!  1 

493 

1 

Fourteenth  

1 

89 

l 

79 

1 

l 

i 791 

911 

1 

911 

1 

911101 

9011001112! 

891 

1 

931 1 

1105 

1 

Fifteenth  J 

1 

261 

i 

1 

l 

1 151 

1 

20| 

231 

1 

201 

I 

231 

I 

1 

221 

281 

1 

141 

I 

151 

1 

22  ll 

1 1 

235 

! 

Sixteenth  j 

7! 

I 

1 

1 

5| 

1 

13| 

1 

18| 

1 

131 

1 

ll! 

151 

101 

ll! 

j 

81 

j 

1 1 

10!  1 
1 

128 

Seventeenth  J 

1 

24  i 
| 

25' 

| 

1 101 
I 

231 

| 

1 el 

l 

171 

| 

38 1 
I 

24 

381 

I 

331 

I 

321 

| 

15 II 
1 1 

295 

Eighteenth  

281 

1 

141 

1 

221 

1 

271 

291 

25! 

1 

351 

1 

42| 

431 

511 

231 

341! 

1 

373 

I 

Nineteenth  

1 

17 

1 

1 

34 

| 

1 

| 

31  ' 
! 

361 

I 

251 

I 

3ll 

I 

261 

I 

301 

I 

291 

26 ! 
I 

24 1 1 
1 1 

333 

Twentieth  1 

1 

301 

| 

27 ! 
| 

l 

451 

| 

1 

76 

1 

1 

32 1 

' ~| 

331 

I 

34' 

I 

31 1 
| 

421 

| 

281 

| 

331 

| 

3211 

|| 

393 

Twenty-first  j 

23! 

1 

25-1 

I 

421 

| 

401 

381 

| 

301 

I 

461 

301 

| 

481 

I 

451 

| 

341 

I 

23 1 1 
|| 

424 

Twenty-second  j 

24' 

1 

251 

| 

301 

221 

| 

261 

I 

141 

I 

3o! 

I 

291 

I 

31 ' 
I 

201 

I 

29! 

I 

191  1 

II 

299 

Twenty-third  j 

81 

1 

171 

| 

141 

j 

121 

| 

241 

1 

151 

| 

101 

I 

191 

191 

I 

251 

I 

191 

I 

21 1 1 

|| 

203 

Not  Stated j 

14! 

1 

■30 ! 

1 

341 

1 

401 

1 

26' 

I 

29! 

1 

441 

1 

351 

1 

411 

1 

561 

I 

431 

1 

301  l 
1! 

422 

Total  |55l|  587 1 6561 6371 6911 

627! 

1 

73816531 

1 I 

1 

751  1 

I 

„ J 

7 5 i 

1 

581 1 
1 

II 

623 ' 1 
II 

7852 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


Nativity  of  Father. 


BIRTHPLACE. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

1 

June. 

>> 

3 

1-3 

< 

September.  j 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milwaukee  

1 1 
1011112 

1 1 

11141125 

1124 

I 

152 

1 

118 

119 

1 1 

15511401111 

1 

741 

1 

1 1445 

Wis.  outside  of  Milwaukee... 

68 

1 73 

1021 

j 

79 

101 

I 

| 64 

1136 

96 

112 

t 

1103 

i 79 

1191 

I 1132 

| 

Others  of  United  States 

i 

53 

1 63 

67| 

84 

75 

70 

72 

87 

76 

84 

66 

73 

1 870 

1 

Germany  

1188 

1 201 

2441201 

242 

186 

223 

206 

. | 

231 

235 

! • i 

186 

179 

1 2522 

Other  European  Countries. 

11351134 

i 

122  j 

13811411148 

t i 

179 

l 

137 

1691184 

130 

1671 

1 

1 1784 

Unknown  or  not  stated ! 

1 

1 6 

1 

i 

1 4 

1 1 

71 

1 

10 

1 

1 8 

1 7 

1 

10 

1 

I 8 

8 

I 

i n 

9 

1 ill 

i i 

99 

1 

Total 

1 

1 1 1 

1 1 1 

! l 

16561637 
1 1 

1 1 
16911627 

1 I 

1 1 
17381653 
1 1 

1 

1751 

1 

1 757 

1 

581 

623 ! 7852 

1 II 

Nativity  of  Mother. 


BIRTHPLACE. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

1 

June. 

July. 

GQ 

i 

< 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milwaukee  

1 1 

11431163 

1 1 

1431162 

1 

1891159 

171 

183 

182 

1 

139 1 105 

II 

! : 1892 

i 

Wis.  outside  of  Milwaukee... 

65 

85 

1 

121 

102 

nil 

| 

| 811140 

100 

117 

114 

103 

1141 

1 1 

i 1 1280 

i 

Others  of  United  States 

54 

65 

72 

81 

1 

| 70 

i 74| 

79 

82 

85 

82 

75 

68 

II  887 

1 1 

Germany  

159 

1691194 

193122311501195 

i i i 

178 

j 

219 

210 

107 

162 

1 i 2159 

l 

Other  European  Countries.  . . 

120 

123 

1 i 

105 

116 

1123 1133 1163 

121 

I 

147 

163 

154 

147 

1615 

1 1 

Unknown  or  not  stated 

i 

i'  \ 

!■  ■ 

1 

L 2 
1 

i i 

1 2, 

1 

I-..I 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1... 

6 

3 

1 

i I 19 

II 

Total 

551 

Ut' 
1 1 

1656 

1 

! 637 

loo,1 

1 

1 

1627! 

1 

1 1 
7381653 
1 

751 

757 

1 1 

1 

581 

less1 

I 7852 

II 

: 


. 


REPORT 


OF 

CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR. 


REPORT  OF  CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR. 


Honorable  F.  M.  Schulz , M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir  : — I hereby  respectfully  submit  my  eighth  annual  report  to  you, 
giving  in  detail  a tabulated  statement  of  the  work  reported  by  the  Sani- 
tary, and  Meat  Inspectors  for  the  year  ending  April  9th,  1906. 

During  the  past  year  there  have  been  two  horses  afflicted  with 
glanders,  killed  and  disposed  of,  and  the  stables  cleaned  and  disinfected 
under  the  supervision  of  the  department. 

The  meat  and  food  inspectors  have  confiscated  and  destroyed  16,415 
pounds  of  fruit  and  vegetables  and  153,460  pounds  of  meat,  valued  at 
$2870.53,  also  a carload  of  peanuts  which  the  commission  merchant  was 
permitted  to  return  upon  a promise  not  to  handle  any  more  of  that  kind. 

The  inspectors  have  made  26,949  written  reports,  including  in- 
spections, of  which  2,647  were  citizens’  complaints. 

The  following  tables  show  the  various  kinds  of  orders  issued: 


ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  BAKERIES. 

Clean  bake  shop,  10 

Clean  baker’s  wagon 1 

Clean  floor, 8 

Clean  rising  boards  or  taoles 1 

Clean  stairs 1 

Paint  or  whitewash  bake  shop  12 

Provide  floor,  6 

Renew  ceiling,  1 

MEAT  MARKET  AND  FISH  MARKETS. 

Clean  ice  box 1 

Cease  keeping  fish  on  sidewalk 7 

Provide  killing  place  or  cease  killing 1 

Reline  ice  box 1 

Remove  cabbage,  . 1 

Remove  fish 1 

Remove  old  ice  box  and  provide  new  one 1 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  BARNS  AND  DAIRIES. 

Cease  drying  bedding 1 

Clean  barn 4 

Clean  cows 2 

Connect  tank 1 

Connect  barn  to  sewer  or  tank 1 


118 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Connect  barn  to  sewer 11 

Connect  wash  rack 4 

Quarantine  cow, . 1 

Remove  cow 2 

Repair  barn 1 

Wash  milk  cans 5 

Whitewash  barn ......  5 

ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  PLUMBING. 

A. 

Clean  sewer 87 

Connect  bar 4 

Connect  ice  box 12 

Connect  rear  house 5 

Connect  roof  conductors 32 

Connect  sink 19 

Disconnect  sewer  from  wooden  drain 8 

Extend  sewer 1 

Provide  sewer 482 

Repair  and  relay  sewer 26 

Seal  clean- out 2 

Seal  sewer 3 

Tile-drain  basement 5 

B. 

Clean  basin 1 

Clean  sink  waste  pipe 6 

Provide  sink  8 

Renew  wood  work 6 

Repair  faucet 1 

Repair  sink  4 

Repair  sink  trap  3 

Trap  sink  20 

C. 

Clean  slop  hopper 1 

Provide  slop  hopper  4 

Remove  slop  hopper  1 

Repair  slop  hopper  2 

D. 

Clean  water  closet 76 

Disconnect  water  closet  2 

Provide  water  closet  1070 

Provide  water  for  water  closet  13 

Remove  hopper  closet 1 

Remove  pan  closet 7 

Renew  water  closet 2 

Repair  water  closet 24 

Repair  water  closet  floor 2 

Reset  water  closet 5 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


119 


E. 

Clean  catch  basin  8 

Cover  catch  basin 1 

Provide  catch  basin 11 

Remove  catch  basin  . 1 

Trap  catch  basin 1 

F. 

Repair  plumbing 102 

Repair  waste  pipe 11 


ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  VAULTS  AND  URINALS. 


A. 

Clean  Vault... 1777 

Clean  covered  vault 1 

Disinfect  vault  1 

Fill  vault  1215 

Lime  vault  5 

Provide  water  tight  vault 2 

Repair  privy  3 

B. 

Clean  urinal  4 

Enclose  urinal  1 

Connect  urinal  1 

Provide  urinal  12 

Provide  water  for  urinal 3 

Remove  urinal  1 

Repair  urinal  3 

Trap  urinal  1 

ORDERS  TO  CEASE  COMMITTING  NUISANCE. 

Cease  blowing  off  boiler  into  alley 1 

Cease  burning  garbage 1 

Cease  burning  manure 3 

Cease  cleaning  cuspidors  on  street 2 

. Cease  draining  into  basement 1 

Cease  loading  glue  stock 7 

Cease  locking  water  closet 1 

Cease  loading  grain 1 

Cease  melting  asphalt  and  burning  crude  oil 1 

Cease  throwing  garbage 10 

Cease  throwing  manure  in  alley 1 

Cease  throwing  manure  in  creek 2 

Cease  throw  ing  slops  and  waste  water  in  alley  6 

Cease  throwing  slops  from  window 1 

Cease  throwing  slops  in  catch  basin  1 

Cease  throwing  slops  in  street 9 

Cease  throwing  slops  in  yard  or  lot : 20 

Cease  throwing  rubbish  on  roof 1 

Cease  unloading  rags  on  sidewalk 1 

Cease  keeping  loaded  manure  wagons  on  street 1 


120 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OI?  THE 


ORDERS  PERTAINING  TO  GARBAGE  AND  MANURE  NUISANCES.  . 

A. 

Clean  ash  pit 1 

Clean  garbage  box 2 

Clean  garbage  chuts 4 

Provide  ash  box  88 

Provide  cover  for  garbage  box 7 14 

Provide  garbage  box 841 

Provide  garbage  chute 3 

Remove  garbage  box  2 

Remove  ash  box , 2 

Remove  mixed  garbage 42 

Repair  garbage  box 3 

B. 

Close  manure  box 1 

Provide  cover  for  manure  box 33 

Provide  manure  box 224 

Remove  manure  255 

Remove  manure  box 1 

Repair  manure  box 36 

MISCELLANEOUS  ORDERS. 

Boil  water  before  using 2 

Clean  air  shaft 1 

Clean  alley 52 

Clean  and  whiten  tannery 1 

Clean  basement  cellar  and  premises  43 

Clean  chimney  1 

Clean  cesspool 1 

Clean  cistern  59 

Clean  drain  1 

Clean  passage  way  4 

Clean  poultry  pen  45 

Clean  radiators  1 

Clean  roof  2 

Clean  roof  gutters  3 

Clean  room  2 

Clean  shed  3 

Clean  sidewalk  1 

Clean  store  1 

Clean  street  1 

Clean  track  1 

Clean  under  house  2 

Clean  under  sidewalk  1 

Clean  well  1 

Clean  yard  165 

Close  barber  shop  

Close  doors  1 

Close  factory  1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


121 


<Jiose  or  repair  factory  . . . 

Collect  and  destroy  dust  

“Confine  or  muzzle  dog-  

Confine  Pigeons  

Confine  poultry  

Connect  or  remove  cistern  

Cover  cistern  

Destroy  dogs  

Destroy  tuberculosis  sweepings  

Drain  basement  and  cellar  

Drain  to  catch  basin  

Extend  chimney  

Extend  partition  

Extend  roof  gutters  

Extend  smoke  stack  

Extend  ventilation  

Eill  cistern  . 

Fill  basement  and  cellar  or  drain  

Fill  ditch  

Fill  duck  pond  

Fill  or  cover  cistern  

Fill  or  drain  lot  

Fill  or  cover  well  

Fill  well  

Muffle  exhaust  

Provide  box  for  bones  

Provide  door  

Provide  dust  collector  

Provide  eave  gutters  or  roof  conductors 

Provide  floor  

Provide  larger  tank,  (for  barber  shop) 

Provide  locks  for  elevator  

Provide  roof  . 

Provide  screen  

Provide  wagon  covers  ( Express  Co. ) . . 

Provide  water  

Provide  window  

Remove  hones  

Remove  burned  fish  

Remove  cans  

Remove  cistern 

Remove  contaminated  earth  

Remove  damaged  silks  

Remove  dead  horse  wagon  

Remove  decayed  eggs  

Remove  decayed  fruit  

Remove  dogs  . 

Remove  tire  debris  

Remove  gasoline  stove  


1 

1 

24 

5 

1 

t> 

1 

1 

1 

9 

1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

82 

I 

2 

1 

5 

13 

1 

65 

I 

1 

2 

1 

60 

9 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

11 

1 

1 

1 

1 

15 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 


122  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Remove  grating  1 

Remove  obstruction  1 

Remove  offal  1 

Remove  potatoes  1 

Remove  poultry  62 

Remove  poultry  coop  4 

Remove  rabbits  v. 1 

Remove  rags  2 

Remove  rubbish  or  ashes  20 

Remove  spite  fence  1 

Remove  wooden  drain  5 

Remove  wooden  floor  1 

Remove  wood  work  1 

Renovate  house  12S 

Repair  alley  1 

Repair  basement  . . . ; 14 

Repair  cistern  1 

Repair  gas  fixtures  . . . „ 1 

Repair  hose  1 

Repair  roof  8 

Repair  roof  gutters  59 

Repair  stove  1 

Repair  wood  work  1 

Spade  poultry  yard  1 

Ventilate  room  1 

Whitewash  poultry  pen  * 33 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


123 

SANITARY  INSPECTORS’  DISTRICTS. 

102  A.  J.  Fuchs,  Defective  plumbing  on  South  Side  and  substitute  inspecting. 

103  Harry  Kielil,  County  dairy  and  milk  inspection. 

104  F.  Mack,  6th  ward  and  13th  ward  east  of  Third  street  and  south  of  Wright 
street,  and  the  21st  ward  east  of  Third  street. 

105  J.  F.  Cunningham,  5th  ward  and  milk  collections. 

106  Edw.  Seaman,  1st,  7tli  and  18th  wards. 

108  Peter  McHugh,  10th  and  15th  wards. 

109  J.  Malikorn,  8th  and  23rd  wards,  and  1 1th  ward  west  of  Sixth  and  north 
of  Mitchell  streets. 

110  C.  F.  Kruckenberg,  20th  ward  and  the  13th  ward  west  of  Third  and  north 
of  Wright  streets,  and  the  21$t  ward  west  of  Third  street. 

111  Jacob  H.  Schultz,  11th  ward  east  of  Sixth  avenue  and  the  12th  ward,  also 
the  17th  ward  north  of  Lincoln  avenue  and  the  14th  ward  east  of  First 
avenue  and  north  of  Lincoln  avenue. 

112  John  J.  Houlehan,  detailed  for  work  in  office  nights. 

113  J.  Campbell,  11th  ward  west  of  Sixth  avenue  and  south  of  Mitchell  street, 
and  the  14th  ward  west  of  Sixth  avenue. 

114  Felix  Michalak,  17th  ward  south  of  Lincoln  avenue  and  the  14th  ward 
east  of  Sixth  avenue  and  south  of  Lincoln  avenue. 

115  Oscar  E.  Klein,  9th,  19th  and  22nd  wards. 

117  Jos.  Derfus,  2nd  and  16th  wards  and  defective  plumbing  of  east  and 
west  sides. 

THE  FOUR  DISTRICTS  FOR  THE  INSPECTION  OF  MEAT,  FISH,  FOODS, 
FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

121  F.  J.  Carney,  the  slaughter  houses  and  4th,  5th,  8th,  15th,  16th  and 
23rd  wards. 

122  Edw.  F.  Allee,  2nd,  6th,  9th,  10th,  13th,  19th,  20th,  21st  and  22nd  wards. 

123  The  commission  houses  and  the  1st,  3rd,  7th  and  18th  wards. 

124  Edw.  McGrath,  11th,  12th,  14th  and  17th  wards. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

TRUMAN  H.  CURTIS. 

Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 


REPORT 


OF 


SECRETARY. 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY. 


F.  M.  Schulz , M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health. 

Sir: — I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  financial  report  of: 
the  Health  Department  for  the  year  ending  December  31st,  1905 : 
HEALTH  DEPARTMENT  FUND. 

Feb.  1.  January  pay  roll,  $2,746.83 

January  pay  roll,  Hospital,  506.51 

January  pay  roll,  Hospital,  132.50 

January  pay  roll,  Vaccinations. 240.00 

January  pay  roll,  Pound  Keeper,  50.00 

January  pay  roll,  Guards,  574.59 

Feb.  6 Advertising,  5.10 

Stationary,  3.00 

Stationary,  15.00 

Blank  Books,  92.50 

Blank  Books,  • 96.00 

Blankets,  etc., 152.86 

Groceries,  57.39 

Postage  stamps,  44.40 

Removing  dead  horse,  3.00 

Coffee  and  tea,  . 20.50 

Coffee  and  tea,  15.00 

Groceries,  72.59 

Groceries,  60.06 

Turkey,  12.26 

Groceries,  36.39 

Groceries,  56.39 

Oranges,  3.00 

Coal,  81.39 

Livery  hire,  Nov.,  209.00 

Livery  hire,  Dec 265.00 

Signal,  12.25 

Lightning,  fourth  quarter 40.88 

Meats,  . 18.10 

Water,  4.48 

Meats,  95.09 

Meats,  103.13 

Groceries,  • 37.92 

Groceries,  69.48 

Milk,  24.60 

Milk,  33.45 

Rubber  stamp.  1.05 

Jackets,  etc.,  12.50 


128 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Drugs,  8,75 

Drugs,  1.4.55- 

Drugs,  26.00 

Drugs,  26.00 

Drugs,  107.00 

Candy,  Hospital,  (for  Christmas), . 7.50 

Services  of  nurses,  20.00' 

Services  of  nurses,  2S.67 

Milk,  12.80 

Drugs,  39.24 

Drugs,  52.50 

Drugs,  66.24 

Changing  Phones, 2.95 

Rent  of  Hospital,  Aug.  16  to  Dec.  loth, 500.00 

Feb.  20.  Advertising,  .95 

Advertising,  .57 

Advertising,  2.55 

Advertising,  3.40 

Oil  cloth,  1.98 

Groceries,  44.22 

Bread,  etc.,  9.40 

Bread,  etc.,  10.03 

Bread,  etc.,  14.71 

Stars,  10.00 

Rabbits,  7.80 

Coffee  and  tea,  18.75 

Coffee  and  tea,  7.75 

Groceries,  .* 30.47 

Tubes,  etc.,  1.40 

Tubes,  etc.,  4.75 

Tubes,  etc.,  3.50 

Nurse  service,  5.00 

Coal,  53.40 

Coal,  quarantine,  3.20 

Shells,  2.40 

Lightning,  Dec.  14th  to  Jan.  24th 6.00 

Meat,  SI. 03 

Subscription,  2.00 

Coal,  45.00 

Coal,  52.50 

Coal,  105.00 

Coal,  157.50 

Oil, 7.35 

Paper,  2.59 

Groceries,  41.17 

Milk,  28.80 

Guard  houses,  105.00 

Subscription,  3.00 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  129 

Drugs,  21.88 

Coal,  54.25 

Electric  clusters,  187.43 

Motor,  115.00 

Carpenter  work,  2.50 

Expenses  advanced,  12.45 

Service  of  nurses,  44.00 

Ice,  6.50 

Ice, 10.00 

Telephone  service,  first  quarter,  42.80 

Postage  stamps,  12.00 

Mar.  1.  February  pay  roll,  2,766.17 

February  pay  roll,  Hospital,  330.64 

February  pay  roll,  Hospital, 130.62 

February  pay  roll,  Vaccinations,  200.00 

February  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 

February  pay  roll,  Guards,  205.59 

Mar.  6.  Printing,  125.26 

Toweling,  7.08 

Repairing,  8.00 

Groceries,  13.00 

Groceries,  . . . 38.27 

Meat,  18.25 

Wood, 11.00 

Milk,  18.60 

Drugs,  60.00 

Mar.  20.  Dry  goods,  11.67 

Dry  goods,  11.60 

Groceries,  30.38 

Envelopes,  12.00 

Axle  Grease,  3.09 

Shaker,  .75 

Meat,  2.16 

Wire,  etc.,  3.45 

Groceries,  3.00 

Groceries,  25.49 

Lighting,  Feb.,  . ...... 8.85 

Meat,  17.48 

Coal,  47.95 

Supplies,  ....  2.00 

Meat,  . * 75.00 

Wood, 11.00 

Coal,  52.50 

Groceries,  29.98 

Groceries,  26.00 

Groceries,  72.93 

Pump,  158.50 

Electric  motor, 162.50 


130 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Solder,  etc.,  6.50 

Sink  Trap,  13.50 

Basin  bowl,  1G.35 

Services  of  nurses,  34.00 

Coal,  48.75 

Coal, 48.75 

Ice, . 11.45 

Ice, 6.00 

Rent  of  Hospital,  Dec.  15th  to  March  15th 375.00 

Expenses  advanced 15.05 

uiaries,  7.20 

Index  cards,  24.50 

Stationary,  9.50 

Apr.  3.  Advertisingj  .51 

Advertising,  .51 

Advertising,  .68 

Advertising,  * .68 

Advertising,  .68 

Advertising,  1.19 

Advertising,  3.40 

Burying  horses,  etc.,  6.00 

Cartage,  horses,  etc.,  27.55 

Rental  and  services,  2.25 

Hardware,  . 5.99 

Groceries,  60.35 

Cleaning  vaults,  28.00 

Coal,  52.50 

Groceries,  3.49 

Medicines,  etc.,  13.27 

Medicines,  etc.,  13.91 

Medicines,  etc.,  28.50 

Oiler  and  files,  1.09 

Connecting  washing  machine,  74.50 

Expenses,  12.19 

Bottles,  etc.,  4.95 

Vaccine  points,  etc.,  32.35 

Salts,  etc.,  . . 33.65 

Vaccine  points,  60.00 

Mattresses,  90.00 

Apr.  4.  March  pay  roll,  2,757.49 

March  pay  roll,  467.00 

March  pay  roll,  127.50 

Pound  keeper,  50.00 

Vaccinations,  325.00 

Guards,  383.33 

Apr.  17.  Printing,  2250 

Stationary,  1-50 

Boxes,  . . . 46.08 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  131 

Blankets,  etc.,  07. SI 

Crockery,  5.52 

Towels,  etc.,  50.20 

Grate  caps,  . . . . 0.00 

Cots,  etc.,  18.00 

Range,  24.00 

Paint,  etc.,  11.91 

Groceries,  18.50 

Groceries,  . . . 52.27 

Brushes,  4.50 

Groceries,  49.50 

Livery,  184.00 

Livery,  169.00 

Lighting, 50.15 

Lighting,  51.00 

Meat,  18.78 

Water,  4.75 

Meat,  130.68 

Board  while  quarantined,  3.00 

Coal,  52.50 

Groceries,  40.08 

Milk,  35.10 

Book,  6.00 

Circuit  board,  etc.,  26.00 

Coal,  23.48 

Medicine,  etc.,  15.35 

Shields,  40.00 

Formaldehyde,  48.00 

Ether,  etc.,  , 52.32 

Medicine,  etc.,  55.23 

Medicine  and  supplies,  61.25 

Vaccine  points,  105.00 

Anti-toxine,  etc.,  . 105.00 

Packing,  13.80 

Plunger,  etc.,  13.95 

Services  of  nurses,  32.00 

Medicines,  etc.* 5.55 

Acid,  10.50 

Formaldehyde,  26.00 

Coal,  49.66 

Ice,  2.90 

Ice,  6.75 

Postage  stamps,  ] .00 

Apr.  22.  Expenses  incurred  at  convention,.. 228.00 

May  1.  Printing,  13.50 

New  door,  5.00 

Stoves  and  pipe,  23.00 

Expenses  to  Madison,  7.88 


132  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

Beds,  etc.,  ...... 72.00 

Beds,  etc.,  30.00 

Mattresses,  46.00 

Chairs,  6.00 

Pails,  1.50 

Groceries,  . . . , ^ 3.25 

Tubes,  1.50 

Instruments,  1.00 

Scalpel,  etc.,  4.25 

Coal,  1.45 

Lighting,  first  quarter,  47.28 

Groceries,  17.66 

Dater,  1.20 

Cotton,  etc.,  22.35 

Medicine,  etc.,  11.43 

Medicine,  etc.,  . . . 25.18 

Medicine,  etc.,  31.36 

Formaldehyde,  24.00 

Anti-toxine,  33.00 

1 Vaccine,  etc.,  22.70 

Oil,  etc.,  3.89 

Lights,  etc.,  , 41.61 

Medicine,  etc.,  10.63 

\ Vaccine,  etc.,  85.50 

Rent  of  Hospital,  March  15  to  Apr.  15th, 125.00 

Services,  Telephone  Co.,  second  quarter,  41.50 

LoLactometers,  etc.,  15.17 

Blank  book,  9.75 

May  2.  April  pay  roll,  2,731.53 

April  pay  roll,  Hospital,  465.00 

April  pay  noil.  Hospital,  14S.75 

April  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 

April  pay  roll,  vaccinations,  145.00 

April  pay  roll,  vaccinations,  etc.,  15.00 

April  pay  roll,  Guards,  319.50 

May  15.  Printing,  31.07 

Towels,  etc.,  14.40 

Linen,  etc.,  10.78 

Funeral  expenses  (E.  Brussler),  52.00 

Bread,  etc.,  39.96 

Beds,  etc.,  72.00 

Meat,  4.82 

Disposing  of  horse,  . 27.00 

Tea  and  Coffee,  , 5.50 

Tea  and  Coffee 3.50 

C'oal,  . . . 11.95 

Wood,  21.00 

Vo«od,  .'...  31.50 


r 

i ■ 
I 


May  22. 
May  29. 


June  1. 

i 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  133 

Lighting,  April,  36.00 

Meat,  17,37 

Goal,  52.12 

Mea+,  74.45 

Groceries,  40.34 

Groceries,  37.91 

Milk,  26.tf0 

Labor,  15.00 

Fixtures,  . 107.25 

Racking,  etc.,  14.50 

Sundries,  9.591 

Groceries,  11.54 

Vaccine  points,  60.00 

Medicine,  etc.,  34.54 

Ice,  4.00 

Ice,  ; 6.25 

Building  at  Isolation  Hospital,  250.04 

Vegetables,  etc.,  36.00 

Printing,  22.38 

Dry  goods,  6.12 

Shades,  etc.,  9.71 

Bread,  89.92 

Groceries,  . 18.75 

Hardware,  2.15 

Groceries,  44.76 

Tubes,  etc.,  .85 

Coal,  1.45 

Shells,  2.40 

Coal,  48.52 

Coal,  72.86 

Paint,  22.50 

Paint,  etc.,  19.40 

Medicines,  etc.,  ; 13.85 

Medicines,  etc.,  18.58 

Wire,  etc.,  19.31 

Services  of  nurses,  35.30 

Formal dyhede,  15.84 

Formaldehyde,  56.00 

Rent  of  Hospital,  Apr.,  15  to  May  15th 125.00 

Toll  services,  1.35 

Printing,  61.50 

Postage  stamps,  81.60 

Cabinet,  9.50 

May  pay  roll,  2,761.53 

May  pay  roll,  Hospital,  442.00 

May  pay  roll,  137.50 

May  pay  noli,  Pound-keeper 50.00 

May  pay  roll,  Vaccination,  65.00 


134  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

May  pay  roll,  Disinfection,  54.00 

May  pay  roll.  Guards 317.25 

May  pay  roll.  Dog  catcher 30.00 

June  12.  Pole,  etc.,  6.00 

Cleaning  eye  piece,  2.50 

# Book,  3.00 

Disposing  of  horses,  6.00 

Bandage  roller,  etc.,  6.20 

Tube  and  bulb,  1 .00 

Groceries,  40.11 

Shells,  4.80 

Frames 17.50 

Lighting,  May,  . . . 19.00 

Coal,  . .) 52.65 

Services,  10.00 

Brushes,  etc.,  1.42 

Wire,  etc.,  16.41 

Supplies!,  32.55 

Cards,  14.25 

June  26.  Groceries,  47.75 

Groceries,  27.79 

Tea  and  Coffee 9.50 

Tea  and  Coffee,  3.00 

Groceries,  , 54.54 

Livery,  March 181.00 

Livery,  April 136.00 

Meat,  13.88 

Meat,  44.69 

Coal,  24.85 

Milk,  16.50 

Sheeting,  etc.,  31.10 

Sheeting,  etc.,  18.41 

Medicine,  etc.,  16.10 

Services  of  nurses,  24.67 

Shields 22.50 

Medicine,  etc.,  61.00 

Serum,  75.00 

Rent  of  Hospital,  June,  125.00 

Ice,  , 6.25 

Ice,  6.50 

Ice,  , 5.00 

Groceries,  35.11 

Card  index  section,  8.00 

Blank  books,  12.00 

July  1.  June  pay  roll,  2.694.87 

June  pay  roll,  Hospital,  , 340.00 

June  pay  roll,  Hospital,  126.25 

June  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  135 

June  pay  roll,  Guards,  180.00 

June  pay  roll,  Disinfector,  60.00 

June  pay  roll,  Vaccination,  105.00 

July  10.  Lighting,  June,  21.66 

Lighting,  second  quarter,  25.68 

Water,  4.39 

Formaldehyde,  20.00 

Medicine,  etc.,  33.14 

July  24.  Milk  signs,  198.00 

Groceries,  , 52.72 

Groceries,  . . * 26.25 

Rental,  quarter  ending  May  31st,  , 2.25 

Groceries,  1.75 

Groceries,  8.50 

Rendering  horse,  3.00 

Groceries,  , 59.23 

Scalpels,  etc.,  5.12 

Cleaning  vault,  9.00 

Coal,  49.70 

Sawdust,  etc.,  1.38 

Wood,  10.50 

Coal,  1.88 

Padlocks,  3.60 

Meat,  13.36 

Milk,  36.76 

Milk,  etc.,  14.78 

Milk,  etc.,  30.81 

Milk,  etc.,  14.60 

Vartnish,  etc.,  / 16.70 

Electrical  work,  91.00 

Medicine,  etc.,  6.50 

Formaldehyde,  37.30 

Ice,  4.00 

Ice,  . 6.50 

Telephone  service, — third  quarter,  41.50 

Postage  stamps,  4.00 

Printing,  . ., 111.50 

Aug.  1.  July  pay  roll,  2.899.97 

July  pay  roll,  Hospital,  , 452.00 

July  pay  roll,  Hospital,  133.75 

July  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  , 50.00 

July  pay  roll,  Vaccination,  * .• 127.00 

July  pay  noli,  Guards,  , 13.50 

Aug.  7.  Three  directories,  18.00 

Rabbits,  etc.,  15.50 

Rent  of  Hospital,  June  15  to  July  15,  125.00 

Meat,  36.60 

Milk,  28.70 


136 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Lighting,  July,  22.42 

Postage  stamps,  14.00 

Aug.  21.  Printing,  146.75 

Napkins,  etc.,  29.22 

Groceries,  . . ^ 26.56 

Groceries  31.13 

Oil  can,  etc.,  ; . 2.25 

Disposing  of  horses,  6.00 

Tea  and  Coffee,  3.00 

Groceries,  5 7.  SO 

Livery  hire,  May,  70.00 

Livery  hire,  June,  55.00 

Livery  hire,  July,  73.00 

Meat,  . 14.42 

Milk,  etc.,  16.08 

Services  of  nurses,  19.34 

Services  of  nurses,  IS. 00 

Ice,  5.75 

Ice,  6.75 

Printing,  115.21 

Sept.  5.  Screens,  3.00 

Burettes,  5.56 

Saxhletts  App 11.25 

Grate,  4.00 

Hardware,  15.52 

Coffee  and  Tea,  . . 7.50 

Tubes,  2.50 

Wood,  10.00 

Coal 29.20 

Meat 70.18 

Supplies,  16.80 

Repairs,  7.90 

Expenses  of  advertising,  9.06 

Expenses  of  advertising,  8.75 

Sept.  6.  August  pay  roll,  2,985.72 

August  pay  roll,  Hospital,  341.99 

August  pay  roll,  Hospital,  136.00 

August  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 

August  pay  roll,  Vaccinations,  . 32.50 

August  pay  roll,  Hospital,  3.75 

Aug  18.  Repairs,  44.35 

Caulking  windows,  165.00 

Groceries,  44.98 

Book,  6.00 

Bread,  etc.,  23.24 

Bread,  etc.,  15.76 

Bread,  etc • 8-16 

Bread,  etc.,  14.04 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


137 


Bread,  etc.,  4.14 

Bread,  etc.,  5.09 

Bread,  etc.,  21.72 

Settees,  etc.,  20.25 

Rental  and  service,  2.25 

Coffee,  . . 1.25 

Coffee,  2.50 

Groceries,  24.03 

Cleaning  vault,  8.00 

Groceries,  34.39 

Wood,  * 21.00 

Lighting,  August,  17.10 

Meats,  13.52 

Coal,  52.77 

Meats,  25.45 

Milk,  10.45 

Cleaning  vault,  10.00 

Removing  night  soil  4.00 

Supplies,  etc.,  25.60 

Repairs,  15.85 

Medicine,  etc.,  15.45 

Services  of  nurses,  20.00 

Formaldehyde,  47.52 

Rent  iof  Hospital,  June  15  to  July  15  125.00 

Ice,  6.30 

Ice,  17.37 

Printing,  58.25 

Oct.  2.  Blank  books,  14.75 

Printing,  3.00 

Bread,  etc.,  7.28 

Bread,  etc.,  12.92 

Bread,  etc.,  33.52 

Bread,  38.04 

Postage  stamps,  29.20 

Disposing  of  horses,  9.00 

Cleaning  vault,  8.00 

Map,  etc.,  17.50 

Books,  5.00 

Books,  7.50 

Livery,  17.00 

Stamps,  1.05 

Medicines,  etc.,  34.80 

Oct.  3.  September  pay  roll,  3,071.63 

September  pay  roll,  Hospital,  220.00 

September  pay  roll,  Hospital,  160.00 

September  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 

September  pay  roll,  Vaccinations,  20.00 

Oct.  16.  Groceries,  34.97 


138 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Weather  strip,  10.00 

Bread .96 

Bread,  6.52 

Burying  horses,  . 15.00 

Hardware,  etc.,  2.50 

Disposing  of  horses,  3.00 

Coffee,  2.50 

Coffee  and  Tea,  2.75 

Groceries,  37.11 

One  sealer,  2.50 

Coal,  * 27.13 

Padlock,  etc.,  1.60 

Lighting,  September 13.30 

Lighting,  third  quarter,  22.88 

Meat,  '. 13.67 

Coal 25.25 

Water,  3.27 

Milk,  6.30 

Desk  bracket,  3.50 

Medicine,  etc.,  8.00 

Medicine,  etc.,  19.05 

Sundries,  4.40 

Services  of  nurses,  20.00 

Screens,  etc.,  57.78 

Medicine,  etc.,  28.95 

Bottles,  10.20 

Ice,  4.50 

Ice,  11.75 

Mounting  maps,  5.75 

Oct.  30.  Chairs,  etc.,  40.50 

Disposing  of  horse 3.00 

Milk  and  eggs,  16.83 

Milk  and  eggs,  17.93 

Plumbing,  etc.,  14.45 

Rent  of  Hospital,  Aug.  to  Oct 250.00 

Telephone  services,  fourth  quarter, 41.50 

Nov.  1.  October  pay  roll,  3,071.63 

October  pay  roll,  Hospital,  180.00 

October  pay  roll,  Hospital,  . 163.00 

October  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 

October  pay  roll,  Vaccinations,  40.00 

Coal,  52.87 

Gas  fittings,  26.53 

Setting  tubs,  

Books,  4-00 

. qi  OO 

Groceries,  * o±.o- 

Bread,  etc.,  4 

Bread,  etc.,  


COMMISSIONER  OE  HEALTH. 


139 


Cash  advanced  for  books  destroyed. 

Groceries,  

Water  keg,  etc.,  

Disposing  of  Worses,  

Coffee,  

Coffee  and  Tea,  

Groceries,  . 

Mill  board,  

Meat,  etc.,  

Meat,  etc.,  

Lighting,  October,  

Meat,  

Shells,  * 

Milk,  etc.,  

Tacking  up  cards,  etc.,  

Milk,  etc., 

Number  machine,  etc.,  

Drugs,  etc.,  . . . 

Service  of  nurses,  

Alcohol,  etc.,  

Medicines,  etc.,  

Toll  service,  . 

Expenses  advanced,  

Printing,  

Nov.  27.  Advertising,  

Caulking,  

Knife,  

Nozzle,  

Pans,  etc.,  

Hardware,  

Cleaning,  etc.,  

Disposing  of  horses,  

Wood,  

Coal,  

Coal,  

Milk,  etc.  , 

Glass,  

Glass,  

Putty,  etc.,  

Fuses,  

Supplies,  

Fuller  balls,  etc.,  

Medicines,  etc.,  

Ice,  

Ice,  

Supplies,  

Dec.  1.  November  pay  roll,  

November  pay  roll,  Hospital 


6.15 

1.92 

2.80 

6.00 

2.50 

4.25 

21,61 

1.11 

17.20 
12.82 

12.35 
15.48 

4.80 

14.52 

37.50 
2.45 

14.35 
65.10 

24.00 
7.44 

22.55 

2.75 
6.40 

144.75 

2.39 
23.05 

1.00 

1.40 
1.88 
7.60 

7.75 

3.00 

10.00 
28.29 

22.50 
23  37 

8.67 

3.53 

1.20 
7.05 
4.20 
1.30 

14.15 

8.00 
10.00 

1 1 .35 
3,053.30 

180.00 


140 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


November  pay  roll,  Hospital,  151.00 

November  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 

Dec.  11.  Groceries,  37.88 

Bread,  etc.,  • 7.77 

Bread,  etc.,  1.48 

Hauling,  7.50 

Tea,  . ..  3.00 

Meats,  . : 19.42 

Medicine,  etc.,  22.50 

Postage  stamps 4.00 

Sealer,  2.50 

Coal,  390.10 

Dec.  26.  Advertising,  etc.,  5.00 

Disposing  of  horse,  3.00 

Groceries,  27.36 

Coffee,  2.50 

Cleaning  sewer,  5.00 

Cleaning  vault,  3.00 

Meats,  18.57 

Lighting,  17.10 

Milk,  2.45 

Convention  expenses,  129.00 

Membership  fee,  5.00 

Ice,  6.25 

Ice,  3.50 

Tacks,  .35 

Door  spring,  4.25 

Syringe  repair,  .85 

Coal,  24.34 

Dry  cells,  .2.25 

Guards,  8.50 

Rent,  of  Hospital,  Oct.  15  to  Dec.  15th 250.00 

Books,  6.50 

Jan.  1.  December  pay  noil,  3,011.63 

December  pay  roll,  Hospital,  180.00 

December  pay  roll,  Hospital,  136.00 

December  pay  roll,  Pound  keeper,  50.00 

December  pay  roll,  Vaccination,  75.00 


$62,721.21 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


141 


RECAPITULATION. 


Office  pay  rolls, . $34,552.30 

Office  expense,  1,040.82 

Office  postage,  190.20 

Office  printing,  855.67 

Rooks  and  stationary  322.55 


$36,961.54 

4,584.64 

3,031.51 

7,313.80 


$14,929.95 

2,007.85 

4*28.62 


Hospital  No.  2,  pay  rolls,  . 
Supplies  and  maintenance, 


H ospital  No.  1 pay  rolls,  . . 
Guards  and  Vaccination,  . 
Supplies  and  maintenance 


6.236.47 

Supplies  for  laboratory,  1,408.16 

Caceine  and  anti-toxine,  887.05 

Sundry  hospital  expenses,  1.628.73 

Maintenance  of  dog  pound, 669.31 


GARBAGE  DISPOSAL  FUND. 


4,593.25 


$62,721.21 


Feb.  1.  January  pay  noli,  collecting,  ....... 

January  pay  roll,  shipping,  

January  pay  roll,  crematory,  

Feb.  6.  Rent  of  scow,  

Soap,  

Towing,  

Coal,  

Repairs,  

Pipe,  

Paint,  

Segments,  

Disposing  of  garbage  ( Turner  Co. ) , 

Coal,  

Disposing  iof  garbage  (Turner  Co. ), 

Feb.  20.  Glass,  etc.,  

Bottles,  etc.,  

Studs,  

Pipe,  

Garbage  box,  

Oil,  

Lubricant,  


5,371.50 
561 .25 
533.91 
105.00 
3.75 
20.00 
16.16 
3.10 
2.48 
15.00 
5.58 
1,113.24 
940.12 
673.56 
2.24 
2.80 
4.35 
4.94 
43.25 
64.98 
37.80 


142 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Feb.  27. 
Mar.  1. 

Mar.  6. 
Mar.  20. 

Apr.  3. 
Apr.  4. 

Apr.  17. 

Apr.  22. 
May  1 . 


May  2. 
May  15. 


Coal,  

Carpenter  work,  

Carpenter  work,  

Supplies,  

Telephone  service,  First  quarter 

Telephone  service,  First  quarter • • 

Coal,  

Coal,  

February  pay  roll,  collecting,  

February  pay  roll,  shipping,  

February  pay  roll,  Crematory.  

Disposing  of  garbage  (Turner  Co.) 

Sheaves,  etc.,  

Oil,  

Cement,  etc.,  

Clay,  etc.,  

Lumber,  

Hardware,  

Arch  blocks,  

Disposing  of  garbage  (Turner  Co.) 

February  pay  roll,  

March  pay  roll,  collecting 

March  pay  roll,  shipping,  

March  pay  roll,  crematory,  

Boiler  repairs,  

Tile,  

Fire  clay,  etc.,  

Amounts  retained  on  contract,  (Turner  Co.) 

Rope,  

Pipe,  etc.,  

Hardware,  

Coal,  

Coal,  

Braces,  etc.,  

Armatures,  

Gears,  etc.,  * ' "*'*'* 

Tile  clay,  etc.,  

Brushes,  etc.,  

Wire,  

Telephone  services,  second  quarter 

Telephone  service,  second  quarter.  

April  pay  roll,  collecting 

April  pay  roll.  Crematory,  

April  pay  roll,  shipping 

Coal,  

Oiler,  etc.,  

Valves,  etc.,  

Towing,  


71.00 
21.75 

4.75 

1.40 

18.00 
18.00 

1.005.82 

564.14 

4.895.50 

552.50 
481.16 

1.035.87 

8.70 

6.56 
55.90 
17.50 
10.14 
13.30 

142.00 

1.794.15 

20.00 

5,401.75 

594.50 
791.91 

26.00 

7.38 

42.12 

696.11 

17.21 

24.37 

1.99 

5.40 
40.05 

3.60 

2.40 

24.75 
13.25 

8.05 

.80 

18.00 

18.00 

5,145.00 

2.318.13 

261.25 

6.00 

5.57 

1.71 
10.00 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  143 

Towing,  10.00 

Towing,  20.00 

Paint,  etc.,  52.60 

Rope,  34.29 

Rivets,  1.75 

Repairs,  96.00 

Blocks,  73.25 

Grates,  52.50 

Moving  telephone,  3.50 

May  22.  Disposal  of  Garbage,  (Turner  Co.)  , 902.75 

Towing,  150.00 

May  29.  Hardware,  4.92 

Towing,  35.00 

Plumbing,  etc.  , 13.32 

Plumbing,  etc.,  53.20 

June  1.  May  pay  roll,  collecting,  5,575.50 

May  pay  roll,  disposing,  3,465.56 

J une  12.  Paint, 3 1 .20 

Coal,  174.08 

Coal,  198.94 

Coal,  150.00 

Lime,  .70 

Coal,  16.25 

Rope,  etc.,  35,83 

Lumber,  20.78 

Lumber.  4.43 

Floor  plates,  200.00 

Coal 168.0(1 

Coal,  154.17 

Coal 159.34 

Coal,  182.26 

June  26.  Pipe 40.88 

Towing,  10.00 

Benzine,  etc 15.41 

July  1.  June  pay  roll,  collecting 6,316.50 

June  pay  roll,  disposing,  3,794.25 

July  10.  Advertising,  1.37 

Advertising,  5.00 

July  24.  Ells,  etc.,  13.92 

Nippers,  1.74 

Soap,  3.75 

Oakum,  etc.,  13.75 

Oil,  etc.,  7.38 

Coal,  168.00 

Coal 141.12 

Coal 142.80 

Coal 158.29 

Coal,  168.88 


144 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


July  29. 
Aug.  1. 


Aug.  7. 
Aug.  21. 


Sept.  6. 
Sept.  18. 


Coal,  .......... 

Pipe  and  fitting,  ........ 

Repairs,  

Paint,  

Wheels,  etc.,  . . 

Labor  etc.,  . v . . 

Lumber,  Hospital  No.  1, 

Coal 

Coal,  

Goal,  

Services,  Engineer,  Feb.  and  March 

July  pay  roll,  collecting,  

July  pay  roll,  disposing,  

June  pay  roll,  Animals,  

Directory,  

Rivets,  etc.,  

Compound,  

Coal,  

Shells,  

Paint,  

Coal,  $17.50  and  wood,  $6.50 

Inspirator,  

Carbon,  

Arch  block,  

Telephone  service,  3rd  quarter,  

Telephone  service,  3rd  quarter,  

Garbage  boxes,  

Coal,  

Advertising,  

Cleaning  sewer,  

Hardware,  

Hardware,  

Brushes,  

Waste,  

Cable,  

Supplies,  

Coal,  

Repairs,  

Gearing  , • 

Cord,  etc.,  

Repairs,  

August  pay  roll,  collecting,  

August  pay  roll,  disinfecting,  

Repairs,  

Grate  bars,  etc.,  

Cable,  

Towing,  

Coal 


108.15 

11.13 

5.20 

58.50 

50.90 

75.30 

309.82 

304.88 

197.84 

60.75 

150.00 

6.191.50 
3,669.75 

65.00 
6.00 

69.99 

35.00 
147.35 

4.80 

31.20 

24.00 
9.25 

.50 

85.99 

18.00 
18.00 

945.00 

925.00 

5.00 

6.50 

22.67 
19.45 

5.50 
11.38 

22.68 
6.17 

15.58 

8.50 

17.00 
8.95 

24.62 

6.645.50 
3.890.45 

3.30 

97.88 

10.93 

20.00 

4.00 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  145 

« 

Repairing,  5.10 

Bushings,  14.00 

Carbons,  5.00 

Sockets,  2.10 

Coal,  947.04 

Oct.  2.  Coal,  17.00 

Oct.  3.  September  pay  roll,  collecting,  6,154.00 

September  pay  noil,  disposing,  3,679.14 

Advertising,  1.20 

Repairs,  21.20 

Slabs,  6.50 

Coal,  33.40 

Towing,  etc.,  187.24 

Lumber,  11.41 

Oct.  30.  Coal,  108.22 

Coal,  117.35 

Coal,  120.27 

Telephone  service,  fourth  quarter,  18.00 

Telephone  service,  fourth  quarter,  18.00 

Coal,  169.68 

Coal,  823.20 

Nov.  1.  October  pay  roll,  collecting,  5,427.75 

October  pay  roll,  disposing,  3,305.72 

Nov.  13.  Coal,  134.23 

Coal,  176.20 

Coal,  133.45 

Coal,  136.10 

Coal,  140.59 

Coal,  147.66 

Coal,  182.57 

Staples,  etc.,  1.95 

Car  bolts,  etc.,  3.50 

Hardware, 10.17 

Wheel  barrow  trays,  13.50 

Hardware,  18.81 

Fire  clay,  5.25 

Coal,  117.07 

Pinions,  etc.,  103.00 

Cables  and  pulleys,  3.75 

Rope,  3.65 

“Pore”  center  for  arc, 1.50 

Nov.  27.  Fire  pot,  etc.,  ' 2.35 

Pipe,  etc.,  3.15 

Coal,  wood,  etc.,  8.15 

Hardware,  13.40 

Iron  plates,  etc., 18.00 

Rope,  17.50 

Coal,  26.91 


146 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Coal,  130.76 

Coal,  188.59 

Coal,  18.59 

Coal,  6.00 

Grate,  etc.,  4.15 

Collector  palms,  4.80 

Hope,  15.80 

Dec.  1.  November  pay  roll,  collecting,  5,232.75 

November  pay  roll,  repairing, 569.78 

November  pay  roll,  disposing,  1,005.25 

Dec.  11.  Rent,  Hildebrand,  150.00 

Rent,  Zillmer,  150.00 

Dec.  26.  Towing,  20.00 

Towing,  10.00 

Oil  and  paint,  7.40 

Oil  and  paint,  5.45 

1906. 

Jan.  2.  December  pay  roll,  collecting, 5,445.25 

December  pay  roll,  crematory, 535.91 

December  pay  roll,  disposing, 947.68 

Jan.  8.  Rent,  Hildebrand,  150.00 

Rent,  Zillmer,  150.00 


Pay  rolls, 
Pay  rolls, 


Repairs  , 
Supplies, 
Fuel,  . . . 
Expenses, 


Repairs, 
Supplies, 
Fuel,  ... 
Expense, 


RECAPITULATION. 


$120,269.74 


Collection  of  Garbage. 


Disposal  of  Garbage. 


Maintenance  of  Crematory. 

2,830.94 

331.06 

10,035.98 

75.75 


$67,802.50 

$36,838.09 


Maintenance  of  Hoist. 

292.94 

35.00 

254.37 

75.50 


$13,273.73 


Dog  pound,  

Garbage  boxes  and  repairs,  . . . 
Repairs  on  scows  and  towing, 
Sundry  expenses,  


79.30 

1,058.24 

534.55 

25.52 


657.81 


1,697.61 


$120,269.74 


INDEX 


PAGE 


Committee  on  Health 3 

Officers  and  Employees 5 

Report  of  Health  Commissioner 7 

Report  of  City  Isolation  Hospital  No.  1 9 

Report  of  City  Isolation  Hospital  No.  2 13 

Report  of  City  Bacteriologist  and  Chemist 17 

Report  of  The  Bureau  of  Vital  Statistics 53 

Report  iof  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector 115 

Report  of  Secretary 125 


THIRTIETH  ANNUAL  REPORT 

OF  THE 

(oimissioner  if 

OF 

MILWAUKEE 


December  31st,  1906 


MILWAUKEE 

CANNON  PRINTING  COMPANY 
1907 


THIRTIETH  ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


• • 


OF 


MILWAUKEE 


December  31st,  1906 


MILWAUKEE 

CANNON  PRINTING  COMPANY 
1907 


MAYOR 

SHERBURN  M.  BECKER, 


COMMITTEE  ON  HEALTH 

OF  THE 

COMMON  COUNCIL 

1906 


IRVING  H.  TARRANT, 

ALBERT  P.  YUNKER, 

SEBASTIAN  WALTER, 

WILLIAM  F.  KANE 

HENRY  STOETZER, 

GEORGE  SCHMITT, 


EDWARD  SCHRANZ. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES 


OF  THE 

Health  Department  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee 

FOR  THE 

YEAR  ENDING  DECEMBER  31,  1906 


Commissioner  of  Health  

.GERHARD  A.  BYDING,  M.D. 

Secretary  

ALFRED  B.  CARGILL 

OFFICE 

Medical  Assistants  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health, 

ARTHUR  J.  PATEK,  M.D., 

CHARLES  J.  COFFEY,  M.D., 

LOUIS  F.  JERMAIN,  M.D., 

JAMES  H.  HACKETT,  M.D. 
Other  physicians  are  specially  employed  from  time  to  time  as  vaccinators. 


Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics  

...FRANK  E.  DARLING,  M.D. 

Chief  Clerk  

GEORGE  E.  ADAMS. 

License  and  Complaint  Clerk 

JAMES  S.  SKIBA. 

Registration  Clerk  MISS 

HENRIETTA  WINDFELDER. 

Stenographer  and  Clerk 

MISS  DAISIE  E.  ALLEN. 

Stenographer  

..MISS  NELLIE  H.  TAYLOR. 

SANITARY  FORCE. 

T.  H.  CURTIS,  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 
FERD.  MACK,  Jr.,  Disinfector. 

JOHN  DOLGE,  Messenger. 

Food  Inspectors: 

FRANK  CARNEY, 

EDWARD  F.  ALLEE, 

PHILIP  STOCK, 

GEORGE  F.  ELSNER. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES-Continued 


Sanitary  Inspectors. 

SIDNEY  G.  HARTWELL, 

EDWARD  SEAMAN, 

PETER  McHUGH, 

JOHN  MAHKORN, 

FRED  C.  KRUCKENBERG, 

JACOB  H.  SCHULTZ, 

JOHN  J.  HOULEHEN, 

JOHN  CAMPBELL, 

FELIX  MICHALAK, 


JAMES  M.  CALLIGAN, 

OSCAR  KLEIN, 

JOSEPH  DERFUS, 

ALBERT  FUCHS. 

LABORATORY 

Bacteriologist  GEORGE  C.  RUHLAND,  M.D. 

Chemist  CHARLES  M.  SCHOEN,  M.D. 

Milk  Inspectors  HARRY  KIEHL,  JAMES  F.  CUNNINGHAM. 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1 

18th  Av.  and  Mitchell  St. 

Matron  MISS  ELLEN  HUME. 

janitor  EDWARD  SCHEIDERER 

Cook  SARAH  HAEUSLER. 


Nurses,  servants  and  assistant  janitor  also  are  specially  employed  when 
needed  on  account  of  an  increased  number  of  patients. 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 

102-104  Seventh  St. 

Matron  MISS  ADA  E.  STRAUB. 

Janitor  and  Ambulance  Driver  JOHN  HEIDENREICH. 

Cook  IRENE  STRAUB. 

Nurses  and  servants  also  are  specially  employed  when  needed  on  account 
of  an  increased  number  of  patients. 

GARBAGE  CREMATORY 

Jones  Island 


Chief  Foreman  JOSEPH  RODDY. 

Foremen  JAMES  O’DONOVAN,  T.  J.  HANNAN. 

Electrician  MILTON  ZAHN. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES-Continued 


Blacksmith  JOSEPH  STIGLBAUER. 

Blacksmith  Helper  LOUIS  SCHIEFER. 

There  are  also  employed  5 cranemen,  6 firemen,  18  stokers,  13  floormen,  4 
scowmen,  1 painter,  1 utility  man. 

Bricklayers,  laborers  and  others  are  employed  from  time  to  time  as  needed. 


GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION 

Foot  of  Erie  St. 


Superintendent  

Time-Keeper  

Engineer  

Chief  Scowman 

Hoistmen  and  Scowmen.... 
Collector  of  Small  Animals 


WILLIAM  O’CONNOR. 

FRED  J.  NISSEN. 

DAVID  GOGGINS, 

PATRICK  POWERS. 

L.  LOMANZO,  DAN  CALVANO. 
GUSTAV  MUELLER. 


There  are  also  employed  89  collectors  of  garbage.  This  number  varies  as 
the  season  necessitates. 


HISTORICAL 


April,  1877:  Dr.  I.  H.  Stearns  appointed  Health  Officer  for  term  of  one 
year.  Gen.  H.  C.  Hobart,  President  of  Board. 

Office  of  Health  Commissioner  created.  Term,  two  years. 

April,  1878:  Dr.  O.  W.  Wight  appointed  Health  Commissioner  for  term 
of  two  years. 

April,  1880:  Dr.  O.  W.  Wight  reappointed  for  term  of  two  years.  Re- 
signed October,  1881. 

October,  1881:  Dr  .Robert  Martin  appointed  Health  Commissioner,  the 
term  of  office  having  been  extended  to  four  years.  This  appointment  was  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Dr.  Wight. 

April,  1882:  Dr.  Robert  Martin  reappointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1886:  Dr.  Robert  Martin  reappointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1890:  Dr.  U.  O.  B.  Wingate  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1894:  Dr.  Walter  Kempster  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April  1898:  Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1902:  Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz  reappointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1906.  Dr.  G.  A.  Bading  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 


REPORT 


OF 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


COMMISSIONER’S  REPORT 


To  the  Honorable,  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Mil- 
waukee. 

Gentlemen  : — I have  the  honor  herewith  to  submit  for  your  con- 
sideration the  Annual  Report  of  this  Department,  consisting  of  the  fol- 
lowing: the  Report  and  Financial  Statement  of  the  Secretary  : the 
Report  of  the  Bacteriological  and  Chemical  Laboratories,  and  Bureau 
of  Milk  and  Food  inspection;  the  report-  of  the  Registrar  of  Vital 
Statistics;  the  report  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  and  Chief  Clerk; 
the  reports  of  the  Hospitals  Ho.  1 and  Ho.  2,  and  the  reports  of  the 
Garbage  Department  and  Complaint  Clerk,  for  the  year  ending  De- 
cember 31st,  1906,  being  the  thirtieth  Annual  Report  of  the  Depart- 
ment. 

I call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  report  following  covers 
the  work  performed  during  the  calendar  year  beginning  January  1st, 
1906,  instead  of  the  fiscal  year  beginning  April  18th,  except  that  por- 
tion of  it  pertaining  to  the  report  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector, 
which  covers  the  period  from  April  18th  to  December  31st,  the  first 
portion  of  the  year’s  work  having  been  included  in  the  Annual  Report 
of  1905. 

Prior  to  assuming  the  duties  of  office,  it  was  commonly  reported 
that  extravagance  and  lack  of  business  methods  prevailed  in  the  Health 
Department.  Our  investigations  have  proven  this  to  be  correct.  We 
have  been  enabled  to  reduce  greatly  the  running  expenses,  without 
practicing  such  economy  as  might  cripple  the  efficiency  of  the  Depart- 
ment. On  the  other  hand,  we  have  striven  to  enlarge  the  scope  and  to 
increase  the  usefulness  of  the  Department  for  the  public  good. 

We  found  the  same  conditions  with  respect  to  the  executive  ad- 
ministration of  the  office.  A lack  of  proper  discipline,  an  utter  disregard 
of  all  proper  system  in  many  of  the  sub-departments,  no  intelligible 
method  of  keeping  the  accounts  of  the  office,  and  extravagance  of  various 
kinds,  existing  at  the  opening  of  our  incumbency,  have  made  it  difficult 
to  attain  all  the  results  desired.  We  have  succeeded,  however,  in  greatly 
reducing  the  expenses  of  all  branches  of  the  Department,  and,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  Department  has  been  made  more  effective  for  good  in 
every  particular. 


12 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


A complete  system  of  keeping  accounts  has  been  installed,  whereby 
the  cost  of  any  of  the  sub -departments,  or  the  cost  of  any  class  of  ex- 
penses in  any  one  of  these  sub-departments,  can  be  shown  at  a moment’s 
notice  to  anyone  who  may  be  interested,  as  will  be  shown  by  the  financial 
statement  compiled  by  the  Secretary. 

The  Department,  by  conducting  the  office  on  a strictly  business 
basis  and  by  the  practice  of  much-needed  economy,  has  made  a big 
saving  and  been  enabled  to  close  the  year  with  a balance  on  hand. 

We  respectfully  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  there  has  been  a 
saving  of  almost  $4,000.00  in  the  cost  of  garbage  disposal  for  the  year 
1906,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  amount  of  garbage  this  year  has 
been  in  excess  of  the  previous  years  by  almost  30  per  cent.  The  report 
on  garbage  disposal  and  collection  clearly  shows  the  expense  per  ton  for 
collection,  as  well  as  for  disposal,  these  figures  never  having  been 
worked  out  in  detail  in  previous  reports. 

The  financial  statement  appended  shows  a saving  of  approximately 
$21,000.00  by  this  Department.  This  has  been  accomplished  in  various 
ways.  We  have  found,  among  other  things,  that  the  city  was  paying 
out  large  amounts  of  money  to  individuals  for  disposing  of  dead  horses 
and!  other  large  animals.  This  has  been  stopped,  and  this  work  is  now 
being  done  for  the  revenue  received  from  rendering  these  animals. 

Although  many  thousands  of  dollars  are  spent  by  the  Department 
each  year  for  coal,  we  found  that  the  coal  companies  furnishing  this  were 
not  even  required  to  produce  weight  bills  to  prove  that  the  amount  of 
coal  charged  for  was  actually  delivered  to  the  plant.  This  condition 
has  been  corrected. 

A valuable  economy  has  been  accomplished  by  cutting  off  use- 
less positions  in  the  Department,  held  by  men  whos6  chief  qualification 
was  political  influence. 

Little  or  no  competition  was  secured  in  the  purchase  of  supplies. 
As  a result,  the  Department  was  paying  excessive  prices  for  everything. 
By  encouraging  competition,  the  price  of  nearly  every  kind  of  supply 
used  by  this  Department  has  been  reduced.  For  instance,  the  prices  of 
certain  drugs  have  been  reduced  33  J per  cent.  Other  substantial  re- 
ductions have  been  made  in  the  prices  of  groceries,  milk,  livery  service, 
tug  service,  hardware,  coal  and  repairs. 

The  farm  at  Wauwatosa  purchased  by  the  city  for  hospital  purposes 
was  going  to  ruin  for  lack  of  care.  At  our  request,  the  Common  Council 
has  given  the  Department  supervision  over  the  premises  until  such  time 
as  the  city  may  make  use  of  this  property.  We  have  rented  the  houses 


COMMISSIONER  OP  HEALTH. 


13 


and  a portion  of  the  land,,  sold  various  farm  products,  and  in  this  way 
derived  a small  revenue  for  the  city,  while  at  the  same  time  keeping 
vandals  from  ruining  the  property  for  which  the  city  has  paid  a large 
amount  of  money. 

While  formerly  the  Health  Department  offices  were  closed  to  the 
public  until  nine  o’clock  each  morning,  they  are  now  opened  at  eight 
o'clock. 

The  Department  is  doing  everything  possible  to  give  prompt  and 
efficient  service  to  the  public,  and  to  conduct  the  office  as  any  business 
institution  should  be  conducted. 

The  collection  and  disposal  of  garbage,  which  is  under  the  Health 
Department,  for  many  years  has  been  a source  of  complaint  on  the  part 
of  the  people,  not  only  for  alleged  inefficiency,  but  because  of  the  re- 
ported extravagance  in  management.  As  has  frequently  been  pointed 
out  by  the  officials  of  the  Health  Department,  the  present  garbage  plant 
on  Jones  Island  is  vastly  inadequate  for  the  increasing  amount  of  work 
which  it  is  required  to  do.  Hot  only  this,  but  its  location  makes  the 
cost  of  garbage  disposal  almost  twice  as  expensive  as  it  should  be.  The 
present  plant,  however,  has  served  to  show  the  people  that-  there  is  a 
great  advantage,  under  the  proper  management  and  the  employment  of 
business  methods,  in  the  disposal  of  garbage  under  municipal  control. 
It  also  has  served  to  show  that  the  incineration  of  garbage  is  sanitary 
and  inoffensive. 

In  my  judgement,  your  Honorable  Body  should  lose  no  time  in 
supplying  the  city  with  a new  and  up-to-date  incinerator,  to  be  run 
under  municipal  management  and  situated  in  a more  accessible  position. 

The  present  plant  is  inadequate.  It  is  running  far  beyond  its 
capacity,  and  the  forcing  of  the  furnaces  requires  the  employment  of 
many  men  who  ordinarily  would  be  unnecessary.  The  city  must  build 
a new  plant,  not  on  Jones  Island,  that  will  adequately  consume  the 
increasing  amount  of  garbage  of  the  city.  Every  year  the  Jones  Island 
plant  is  continued,  the  city  is  paying  out  money  unnecessarily  which 
might  be  used  toward  paying  for  new  and  more  modern  and  larger 
plant.  If  a larger  plant  were  constructed,  with  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments and  in  a place  readily  accessible,  or  a number  of  small  plants  in 
different  sections  of  the  city,  the  cost  would  be  greatly  decreased. 

The  history  of  garbage  disposal  in  Europe  and  in  America  has 
demonstrated  that  reduction  plants,  as  a rule,  have  not  been  successful 
when  operated  for  or  by  municipalities.  Therefore,  the  introduction  of 


14 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


a reduction  system  ought  not  to  be  considered,  but,  on  the  contrary,  a 
so-called  refuse  destructor  should  be  constructed,  which  means  a.  plant 
that  not  only  disposes,  by  incineration,  of  the  city’s  garbage  supply,  but 
also  of  all  other  inflammable  refuse,  and  enables  the  city  to  utilize  for 
power  the  heat  produced  by  the  process. 

Until  a new  and  modem  plant  is  erected,  it  will  not  be  possible  for 
us  adequately  to  dispose  of  the  city’s  garbage  supply.  At  the  present 
time  we  are  compelled  during  the  winter  months  to  bury  a great  portion 
of  the  supply,  while  the  furnaces  are  being  overhauled,  and  the  in- 
clemency of  the  weather  makes  the  plant  practically  inaccessible. 

Burial  of  course  is  a primitive  method  of  disposal. 

It  gives  me  particular  pleasure  to  call  your  attention  to  the  excellent 
work  which  has  been  accomplished  in  our  laboratories.  The  appended 
report  shows  not  only  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  work  performed, 
but  also  a decided  change  for  the  better  as  regards  quality.  One  of  the 
more  important  innovations  is  the  bacteriological  work  performed  in 
connection  with  the  city’s  milk  supply.  Heretofore  that  portion  of  our 
ordinance  fixing  the  bacteriological  standard  of  milk  at  250,000  bacteria 
per  c.  c.  was  entirely  ignored  by  the  Department,  only  the  chemical 
tests  being  applied.  The  adoption  of  the  routine  bacterioligical  exam- 
ination of  milk,  in  connection  with  more  stringent  methods  of  inspection 
of  the  source  of  supply,  is  bringing  about  a decided  change  for  the  better 
in  the  wholesomeness  of  the  product,  and  will  no  doubt  have  its  effect 
in  reducing  the  mortality  rate  amongst  infants  to  a marked  extent. 

Particular  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  city’s  water  supply,  by 
conducting  more  frequent  examinations,  both  chemical  as  well  as  bacter- 
iological. While  the  water  analysis  at  no  time  during  the  course  of  thb 
year  has  demonstrated  contamination  sufficiently  severe  to  necessitate  the 
issuance  of  stringent  orders  to  the  people  to  boil  the  water,  it  neverthe- 
less has  demonstrated  from  time  to  time  the  unquestionable  contamina- 
* tion  with  colon  bacilli,  a condition  of  affairs  which  will  certainly  not  be 
improved  with  the  opening  and  operating  of  the  new  Kinnickinnic  flush- 
ing tunnei.  I deem  it  advisable  for  your  Honorable  Body  to  take  under 
immediate  advisement  the  establishment  of  safeguards  in  the  form  of  in- 
tercepting sewers  and  clarification  tanks,  thereby  abolishing  the  repre- 
hensibU  system  of  polluting  the  city’s  source  and  supply  of  drinking 
water. 

There  has  been  a decided  increase  in  the  number  of  examinations 
of  sputum  for  tuberculosis,  this  being  due  to  the  fact  that  the  people 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


15 


are  awakening  to  the  danger  from  that  dread  scourge,  and  also  to  the 
fact  that  physicians  are  more  generally  reporting  cases,  as  the  law  de- 
mands. 

In  this  connection,  I wish  to  call  your  attention  to  the  necessity  of 
establishing  a municipal  sanitorium  for  tuberculosis.  The  disease  being 
classed  among  the  contagious  diseases  makes  it  incumbent  upon  the  city 
to  lake  care  of  the  indigents  suffering  from  it. 

The  Department  has  established  the  system  of  demanding  release 
cultures  in  cases  of  diphtheria.  This  naturally  has  increased  largely  the 
work  of  the  bacteriologist,  but  enables  us  to  better  control  the  disease. 

The  old  and  obsolete  method  of  disinfection  of  houses,  following 
contagious  diseases,  by  the  formalin  sheet  method  has  been  abolished, 
and  a more  efficient  system  installed. 

The  appended  report  of  the  bacteriological  and  chemical  laboratories 
shows  an  increased  amount  of  work  performed  throughout,  the  volume 
of  which  is  increasing  so  rapidly  that  more  and  better  laboratory  facil- 
ities, as  regards  space  apparatus  and  assistants,  has  become  imperative. 

The  report  of  the  registrar  of  vital  statistics  embodies  a large  num- 
ber of  valuable  and  interesting  statistical  tables,  particularly  the  one 
describing  typhoid  conditions  prevailing  in  this  city  for  a period  of 
twenty-five  years  past.  This  shows  that  at  no  time  has  the  disease  ex- 
isted in  epidemic  form. 

It  is  gratifying  to  note  the  material  increase  in  the  birth  rate,  this 
being  sufficient  to  fully  make  up  for  the  deficiency  in  1905,  as  well  as  to 
establish  a natural  increase. 

The  form  of  death  certificate  used  by  the  United  States  Census 
Bureau  has  been  adopted  by  this  Department,  and  we  earnestly  hope  that 
before  long  it  will  be  used  by  the  various  cities  in  Wisconsin,  soi  that 
there  will  be  a uniform  system  throughout  the  state. 

The  report  of  the  Chief  Inspector  shows  that  an  unusually  large 
number  of  orders  were  issued  by  this  Department.  All  places  where 
food  stuffs  are  being  handled  receive  rigid  inspection,  particular  attention 
being  given  to  dairy  farms  supplying  milk  to  the  city,  and  slaughter 
houses  in  the  city.  The  latter  are  at  the  present  time  in  far  better 
sanitary  condition  than  ever  before.  However,  slaughter  houses,  butcher 
shops,  and,  in  short,  all  places  where  food  stuffs  are  being  handled, 
should  be  placed  under  a license  law,  which  will  enable  the  Department 
to  better  control  them.  This  would  give  us  an  opportunity  vigorously  to 
prosecute  offenders,  as  has  been  done  successfully  with  milk  dealers 
throughout  the  year. 


16 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Perhaps  the  most  important  work  accomplished,  as  far  as  progress 
along  sanitary  lines  is  concerned,  was  the  passage  of  the  tenement  ordi- 
nance, regulating  housing  conditions  and  enabling  us  to  condemn  and 
placard  those  places  which  did  not  conform  with  the  provisions  of  this 
law.  There  has  been  a marked  improvement  along  these  lines  as  a re- 
sult. 

Never  since  the  anti-spitting  ordinance  was  passed  has  any  serious 
attempt  been  made  to  enforce  it  until  this  year.  Numerous  arrests  have 
brought  about  decided  change.  Floors  of  street  cars  and  sidewalks  no 
longer  present  their  former  filthy  appearance. 

Records  of  the  police  court  show  that  more  “quack”  doctors  have 
been  prosecuted  during  the  past  year  than  in  years  before. 

During  the  months  of  November  and  December,  there  occurred  a 
mild  epidemic  of  small-pox,  which  was  readily  checked.  During  the  fall 
months,  the  Department  visited  every  school  in  the  city  and  vaccinated 
all  the  children  who  obtained  a permit  from  their  parents,  the  number 
vaccinated  being  nearly  ten  thousand.  The  Department  has  not  suffi- 
cient power  to  carry  fully  into  effect  this,  the  only  prophylactic  measure 
against  small-pox,  and  until  such  powers  are  conferred  upon  the  Depart- 
ment, the  disease  will  never  be  completely  eradicated. 

The  recent  small-pox  epidemic  has  again  illustrated  the  absence  of 
danger  to  the  surrounding  community  of  the  small-pox  hospital  located 
in  the  Eleventh  Ward.  It  has  also  again  demonstrated  the  absolute 
necessity  of  having  the  hospital  located  so  as  to  be  readily  accessible 
from  all  parts  of  the  city. 

The  farm  purchased  by  the  city  for  a hospital  site  is  utterly  useless 
for  that  purpose,  its  location  being  such  a distance  from  the.  city  limits 
that  it  would  be  impossible  to  subject  patients,  especially  children,  suffer- 
ing from  acute  infectious  and  contagious  diseases,  to  the  hardship  of 
transporting  them  in  an  ambulance,  during  the  winter  months  parti- 
cularly; another  reason  why  the  proposed  site  is  an  impossible  one  being 
that  the  law  prevents  us  from  transporting  cases  of  communicable  dis- 
ease through  different  townships,  which  would  be  necessary  were  the 
hospital  constructed  on  that  site.  The  present  location  is,  from  a point 
of  common  sense,  the  proper  one,  and  new  buildings  being  provided, 
would  make  an  ideal  one  for  such  purpose. 

I believe  the  opposition  to  the  hospital  at  its  present  location  is,  to  a 
large  extent,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  ground  has  never  been  properly 
graded  and  beautified,  and  in  its  present  condition  is  an  eyesore  and  a 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


17 


disgrace  to  thei  city,  as  is  also  the  building,  which  is  a dilapidated  one. 
T call  the  attention  of  your  Honorable  Body  to  the  immediate  necessity 
e * providing  new  buildings  and  furnishing  the  Department  all  the 
facilities  to  properly  care  for  those  unfortunates  for  whom  such  hospitals 
must  be  provided.  The  property  upon  which  the  hospital  is  located  is 
sufficiently  large  for  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for  years  to  come. 

Hospital  No.  2,  located  in  the  Fourth  Ward,  should  be  abolished, 
as  it  consists  of  an  old  building  condemned  bv  the  Building  Inspector’s 
department,  and  being  in  other  respects  inadequate  for  the  care  of  the 
constantly  increasing  number  of  patients.  It  is  deplorable  that  the 
Milwaukee  Health  Department  should  be  compelled  to  lease  from  pri- 
vate parties  a building  of  such  a character  and  devote  it  to  hospital  pur- 
poses, when  the  city  owns  property  of  sufficient  size  and  in  every 
respect  ideally  located  for  hospital  purposes,  and  delays  the  erection 
of  such  buildings  year  after  year  on  account  of  political  agitation  and 
influence.  It  is  a disgrace  that  the  location  of  a hospital  should  be 
made  a political  issue,  when  funds  are  available  to  construct  a properly 
equipped  place  of  refuge  for  such  cases  as  the  city  is  compelled  to  look 
after  to  safeguard  the  health  of  the  community  at  large. 

In  calling  the  attention  of  your  Honorable  Body  to  this  blot  on  the 
good  name  of  our  city,  I would  urge  that  funds  which  are  available  be 
used  immediately  to  remedy  this  condition  of  affairs.  Two  represent- 
ative medical  societies,  to-wit:  the  Medical  Society  of  Milwaukee 
County  and  the  Milwaukee  Medical  Society,  have  formally  adopted 
resolutions  protesting  against  the  erection  of  an  isolation  hospital  in 
a location  outside  of  the  city ‘limits. 

The  farm  which  the  city  purchased  for  the  above  purpose  being 
unsuitable,  will,  on  the  other  hand,  be  an  ideal  site  for  the  establishment 
of  a municipal  sanitorium  for  tuberculosis,  and  the  city  should  lose  no 
time  in  taking  the  necessary  steps  to  establish  such  an  institution. 

The  general  contagious  disease  record  throughout  the  year  was 
exceedingly  low,  with  the  exception  that  there  was  a considerable  epi- 
demic of  measles,  there  having  been  1,226  cases,  however  of  the  mildest 
type,  this  being  in  all  probability  but  a small  percentage  of  cases  really 
in  existance,  as  the  disease  was  so  mild  that  physicians  were  not  called  in 
attendance.  The  greater  number  of  reported  cases  was  discovered 
through  the  schools. 

Small-pox  cases  reported  amounted  to  182,  as  against  216  during  the 
preceding  year,  113  of  the  total  number  of  occurring  during  the  month 
of  December,  with  33  in  the  month  of  November. 


18 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  issuance  of  this  report,  is  somewhat  delayed.  This  is  due  to 
the  fact  that  we  have  this  year  changed  the  period  which  the  report 
covers,  as  pointed  out  heretofore.  To  make  it  conform  to  the  new 
department  year,  a great  amount  of  extra  figuring  was  necessary.  It 
also  necessitated  an  additional  task  to  procure  accurate  figures  of  the 
total  amount  of  garbage  handled,  proper  records  of  this  not  having  been 
kept  during  the  first  period  of  1906. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

G.  A.  BADING,  M.  D., 
Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 

OF 

SECRETARY 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY 


G.  A.  Bading j M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sju  : — It  is  my  pleasure  at  this  time  to  submit  to  you  the  financial 
statement  covering  the  expenditures  of  the  Health  Department  for  the 
period  of.  one  year,  from  January  1st,  to  December  31st,  1906,  inclusive. 

For  the  first  time  in  many  years,  the  Department  kept  within  its 
budget  appropriation,  and  a balance  of  over  $2,000.00  has  been) left  to 
be  expended  for  other  purposes  by  the  Common  Council. 

To  the  end  that  it  might  be  determined  exactly  what  the  expendi- 
tures have  been  during  your  incumbency,  and  the  actual  expenditures 
during  1906  of  your  predecessor,  Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz,  I have  divided  the 
calendar  year  into  two  periods.  The  first  extends  from  January  1st  to 
April  17th,  inclusive,  and  represents  the  incumbency  of  Dr.  Schulz. 
The  second  includes  the  time  from  April  18th  to  December  31st,  in- 
clusive, during  which  time  the  Department  was  under  its  new  man- 
agement. 

As  will  be  shown  by  ihe  following  financial  statement  the  cost  of 
maintaining  the  Department  has  been  much  less  comparatively  during 
the  second  period  than  during  the  first  period,  and  also  much  less  than 
during  1905,  the  figures  for  which  year  we  have  used  in  making  our 
comparison.  In  the  summary  showing  garbage  disposed  of,  which  is 
found  in  another  part  of  tins  annual  report,  I have  also  divided  the  year 
1906  into  two  periods,  so  that  the  actual  amount  handled  during  our 
incumbency  ean  be  readily  shown,  and  the  cost  per  ton  compared  with 
cost  per  ton  during  the  first  period  and  during  other  years. 

In  addition  to  the  financial  statement  and  the  garbage  summary  sub- 
mitted by  me,  I wish  to  call  retention  to  one  or  two  facts  which  have 
come  within  mv  observation  in  pursuing  my  duties  as  Secretary,  and 
which  have  a direct  bearing  upon  the  finances  of  the  Department. 

Upon  assuming  the  duties  of  Secretary  April  18th,  I found  that 
there  was  no  proper  method  of  keeping  a record  of  the  expenditures  and 
no  accurate  way  by  which  the  actual  cost  of  each  of  the  sub-departments 
could  be  determined.  Neither  was  there  any  way  of  classifying  the 
expenses  so  that  the  cost  for  a whole  year,  or  for  any  stated  period,  of 


22 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


anv  particular  item  could  be  determined.  The  whole  responsibility 
was  thrown  upon  the  Comptroller’s  office,  and  only  such  records  kept 
here  as  were  copied  from  his  books.  At  the  present  time,  we  have  a 
complete  record  of  expenditures,  with  accurate  classifications.  It  is  no 
longer  necessary  to  revert  continually  to  the  Comptroller  to  find  the  cost 
of  various  supplies,  as  complete  records  of  all  bills  forwarded  are  kept  in 
the  books  cf  the  Department. 

It  is  evident  that  during  the  previous  administration,  there  was  no 
serious  attempt  made  at  economy,  as  we  have  been  able  to  decrease  the 
cost  of  certain  kinds  of  supplies  to  a considerable  degree.  This  is  ob- 
\ious  from  .the  results  attained  and  which  are  shown  in  the  financial 
report. 

Substantial  saving  has  been  been  accomplished,  especially  in  the 
purchase  of  drugs  and  coal.  Previous  to  our  incumbency,  no  certificates 
of  weight  were  required  for  the  immense  amount  of  coal  used  at  the 
garbage  plant  and  elsewhere.  The  word  of  the  coal  dealer  was  taken  as 
evidence  ihat  the  coal  paid  for  was  all  actually  delivered. 

There  has  been  a saving  by  discontinuing  the  practice  of  paying 
private  individuals  for  hauling  away  dead  horses  and  other  large 
animals.  This  is  now  done  free  of  cost  to  the  city. 

The  balance  on  hand  December  31st,  1906,  would  have  been  con- 
siderably larger  had  it  not  been  for  the  epidemic  of  small-pox  which 
broke  out  towards  the  close  of  the  year.  Although  there  were  more'  than 
one  hundred  cases  at  one  time,  we  were  able  to  meet  the  greatly  in- 
creased expense  without  asking  the  Common  Council  for  an'  extra  appro- 
priation. During  previous  epidemics  such  extra  appropriation  has  been 
necessary. 

I found  that  no  accurate  system  for  keeping  track  of  the  total 
amount  of  garbage  handled  and  disposed  of  had  been  in  vogue.  To 
find  out  approximately  how  much  garbage  had  been  taken  care  of,  it 
was  necessary  to  make  estimates  for  the  first  period  of  1906,  as  is  shown 
in  the  garbage  summary  in  another  part  of  this  report.  After  careful 
investigation,  however,  I have  found  that  38,600  tons  of  garbage  and 
refuse  were  handled  by  this  Department  during  the  year.  During  the 
previous  year,  the  amount  was  29,015  tons,  showing  an  increase  in  1906, 
of  29.588  per  cent.  This  increase  of  almost  30  per  cent,  did  not  pre- 
vent a reduction  ,in  the  cost  of  handling  garbage  and  refuse  of  almost 
$4,000.00. 

The  cost  of  handling  the  garbage  never  can  be  economical  as  long  as 
the  garbage  crematory  is  situated  on  Jones  Island.  A conservative  esti- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


23 


mate  shows  that  the  cost  of  garbage  disposal  could  be  decreased  between 
40  and  45  per  cent,  were  the  same  plant  situated  on  the  mainland. 
Although  many  employes  have  been  cut  oft*  the  garbage  disposal  pay 
roll  during  your  incumbency,  there  probably  can  be  no  further  reduction 
in  this  line.  Were  the  plant  situated  on  the  mainland,  however,  one- 
third  the  present  number  of  employes  could  do  the  work. 

There  is  no  question  but  that  the  cost  of  garbage  disposal  might  be 
somewhat  decreased  if  certain  improvements  were  made  at  the  plant. 
These  might  include  the  installation  of  a coal  carrier  and  the  raising  of 
the  runways.  These  improvements,  however,  would  be  so  costly  that 
they  probably  would  not  be  advisable,  in  view  of  the  present  agitation 
for  a new  garbage  plant. 

The  following  financial  statement  is  self-explanatory.  I wish  mere- 
ly, however,  to  call  attention  to  the  latter  part  of  the  statement,  in  which 
comparison  is  made  between  the  years  1905  and  1906.  It  will  be  noticed 
that  mention  is  made  of  the  expenditures  which  were  made  in  1906 
which  were  properly  chargeable  to  1905.  I am  informed  that  bills  for 
the  total  amount  were  held  over  until  1906  because  of  lack  of  funds 
during  1905.  The  actual  entries  on  the  books,  therefore,  which  show 
only  a decrease. of  $10,371.84,  would1  not  equitably  represent  the  total 
saving.  I have  therefore  taken  into  consideration  the  “Expenditures  in 
1906  properly  chargeable  to  1905”,  that  the  real  saving  of  the  Health 
Department  during  our  incumbency  might  be  shown. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


24 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SECRETARY’S  FINANCIAL  STATEMENT. 

(NOTE. — For  the  purposes  of  classification,  the  year  1906  has  been 
divided  into  two  periods.  The  first  period,  from  January  1st  to  April  17th, 
inclusive,  represents  the  incumbency  of  Health  Commissioner  F.  M.  Schulz. 
The  second  period,  from  April  18th  to  December  31st,  inclusive,  represents 
the  incumbency  of  Dr.  Gerhard  A.  Bading.  While  this  statement  shows  the 
total  expense  for  the  whole  year,  yet  it  is  impossible  to  show  the  detailed 
cost  of  the  sub-departments  during  the  first  period,  as  no  separate  account 
was  kept  of  each  of  such  sub-departments.  That  portion  of  the  table  im- 
mediately following  shows  the  detailed  expenses  of  the  second  period). 

EXPENSES  OFFICE— Second  Period. 


Drugs  and  Medicines  $1,087.15 

Telephone  service  .45 

Supplies  78.69 

Miscellaneous  482.54 

Payrolls  23,359.40 

Printing  903.59 

Postage  19.75 

Livery  399.00 

Stationery  156.77 


Total  $26,487.34 

By  cash  credits  $156.05 


$26,331.29 

Credits  from  Hospital  No.  1,  Hospital  No.  2,  and  Labora- 
tory for  miscellaneous  supplies  $101.45 


Net  expense  office  second  period  $26,229.84 

EXPENSES  LABORATORY— Second  Period. 

Postage  $ 1.00 

Payrolls  3,246.85 

Drugs  and  Chemicals  38.06 

Apparatus  218.12 

Feed  for  animals  23.05 

Ice  20.00 

Gas  24.08 

Miscellaneous  11.15 

Printing  2.00 


Total  $3,584.31 

By  cash  credits  $1.82 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  25 

$3,582.49 

Paid  office  for  postage  1.00 


Net  expense  laboratory  second  period  $3,583.49 

EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  NO.  1— Second  Period. 

Ice  $ 55.80 

Groceries  729.94 

Telephone  service  70. 50 

Payrolls  1,988.49 

Lighting  160.36 

Meat  334.42 

Milk  92.95 

Drugs  and  medicines  40.37 

Bakery  supplies  85.06 

Supplies  and  furnishings  587.89 

Fuel  509.09 

Repairs  77.80 

Miscellaneous  96.97 


Total  $4,829.64 

By  cash  credits  $101.41 


$4,728.23 

Paid  office  for  antitoxin,  postage,  etc 2.80 


Net  expense  Hospital  No.  1,  second  period $ 4,731.03 


EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  NO.  2— Second  Period. 


Services  of  nurses $ 293.30 

Rent  1,500.00 

Telephone  service  54.00 

Pay  rolls  1,302.75 

Groceries  282.95 

Meat  129.61 

Milk  132.23 

Drugs  and  medicines 77.03 

Bakery  supplies  65.95 

Supplies  and  furnishings  94.59 

Surgical  supplies  4.78 

Ice  39.65 

Miscellaneous  61.66 

Lighting  . 81.07 

Fuel  409.94 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies 11.80 


Total  $ 4,541.31 


26 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


By  cash  credits 


$35.00 


Paid  office  for  antitoxin,  postage,  etc 


$ 4,506.31 

97.65 


Net  expense  Hospital  No.  2,  second  period $ 4,603.96 

EXPENSES  GARBAGE  PLANT— Second  Period. 

Oils,  grease  and  waste  $ 71.57 

Coal  10,905.15 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies  500.48 

Telephone  service  55.00 

Pay  rolls  26,616.37 

Miscellaneous  supplies  329.32 

Advertising  17.84 


Total  $ 38,495.73 

By  cash  credits  $7.50 


Net  expense  garbage  plant,  second  period $38,488.23 


EXPENSES  GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION— Second  Period. 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies  $ 38.95 

Telephone  service  54.00 

Coal  and  wood  211.95 

Pay  rolls  49,704.08 

Miscellaneous  supplies  218.74 

Tug  service  239.00 

Miscellaneous  7.68 


Total  and  net  expense  garbage  hoist  and  collection 

second  period  $ 50,474.40 

Net  expense  Health  Department  whole  year  1906,  exclusive  of  garbage: 

Office  $ 26,331.z9 

Laboratory  3,582.49 

Hospital  No.  1 4,728.23 

Hospital  No.  2 4,506.31 


Total  second  period  $ 39,148.32 

Cost  first  period  16.922.41 


Total  cost  1906 $ 56.070.73 

Net  cost  garbage  whole  year  1906: 

Plant,  second  period  $ 38.488.23 

Hoist  and  collection,  second  period  50.474.40 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


27 


Cost  second  period  $ 88,962.68 

Cost  first  period,  plant,  hoist  and  collection 27,965.57 

Total  cost  1906 $116,928.20 

RECAPITULATION  1906. 

Health  $ 56,070.73 

Garbage  116,928.20 

Total  $172,998.93 


FINANCIAL  SHOWING  DECEMBER  31.  1906. 


1906  Appropriation  $175,000.00 

1906  Cost  172,998.93 

Balance  in  fund  December  31,  1906 $ 2,001.07 


COMPARATIVE. 


Health. 

Garbage. 

Total. 

1905  

. . .$  62,791.21 

$120,579.56 

$183,370.77 

1906  

. . . 56,070.73 

116,928.20 

172,998.93 

Decrease  in  1906 

..$  6,720.48 

$ 3,651.36 

$ 10,371.84 

COMPARATIVE— ACTUAL  SHOWING. 

Health. 

Garbage. 

Total. 

1905  

$120,579.56 

$183,370.77 

Expenditures  in  1906  properly  charge- 

able  to  1905 

2,132.22 

472.05 

2,604.27 

Actual  cost  1905 

$121,051.61 

$185,975.04 

Health. 

Garbage. 

Total. 

1906  

$116,928.20 

$172,998.93 

Expenditures  in  1906  properly 

be- 

longing  to  1905 

2,132.22 

472.05 

2,604.27 

Actual  cost  1906 

$116,456.15 

$170,394.66 

28 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


FINAL  COMPARISON. 

Actual  cost  1905 * $;L85,975.04 

Actual  cost  1906 170,394.66 

Actual  saving  1906 $ 15,580.38 

Estimated  natural  increase  for  year  based  on  three  per  cent,  in- 
crease in  population 5,579.25 

Estimated  saving  1906 $ 21,159.63 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


REPORT 


OF  THE 

HEALTH  DEPARTMENT  LABORATORIES 


REPORT  OF  THE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 
LABORATORIES 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  I).,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir  : — The  past  year  has  been  a remarkable  one  in  the  history  of  the 
laboratories  of  this  Department — remarkable  .not  only  for  the  increase 
in  the  volume  of  usual  work,  but  more  especially  for  the  decisive  widen- 
ing in  the  scope  of  investigations  which  have  been  incorporated  into  the 
routine  of  laboratory  examinations,  as  well  as  for  the  introduction  of 
newer,  improved  laboratory  methods,  which  unquestionably  have  added 
to  the  efficiency  of  the  work  performed,  and  more  nearly  will  make  these 
laboratories  what  they  should  be. 

MILK. 

Foremost  among  !the  innovations  in  the  laboratory  work  must  be 
mentioned  the  routine  bacteriological  examination  of  milk.  A bacter- 
iological standard  for  milk — a standard  of  cleanliness — is  unquestion- 
ably one  of  the  most  commendable  measures  adopted  by  the  Heaim 
Department  in  its  effort  to  control  the  sanitary  conditions  of  food  pro- 
ducts: Relatively,  this  measure  is  of  much  greater  importance  than 

those  requiring  a definite  percentage  of  butter  fat  or  forbidding  the 
skimming  and  watering  of  milk. 

While  it  is  well  understood  that  this  routine  method  of  determining 
the  bacteriological  quality  of  milk  /(numerically)  is  by  no  means  an 
absolute  safeguard  against  the  transmission  of  the  more  important  path- 
ogenic bacteria,  eg.,  Diphtheria,  Scarletina,  Typhoid  and  Tuberculosis, 
yet  the  enforcement  of  this  ordinance  undeniably  also  lessens  the  danger 
from  these  diseases,  teaching,  fas  it  does,  dairymen  to  give  the  greatest 
attention  to  cleanliness  in  the  handling  of  this  food  product  which  so 
largely  enters  into  the  dietary  of  * every  home  and  furnishes  the  chief 
foodstuff  in  childhood. 

The  relevant  health  ordinance  has  fixed  the  bacteriological  standard 
as  250,000  bacteria  per  cubic  centimeter  in  milk.  While  this  limit  is 
more  stringent  than  that  fixed  by  most  health  ‘laboratories  where  a 
bacteriological  standard  for  milk  has  been  adopted,  we  find  that  it  is  by 


32 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


no 'means  unreasonable,  and  that  most  of  the  samples  of  milk  tested  so 
far  are  within  this  limit. 

The  tests  so  far  have  been  made  by  plate  culture.  This  method 
has  now  been  supplemented  by  that  of  centrifugalization  (cf.,  Hill  & 
Slack,  American  Journal  of  Public  Hygiene,  November,  1904,  page 
236),  which  greatly  facilitates  the  work. 

WATER. 

The  methods  employed  in  determining  the  potability  of  the  munici- 
pal water  supply  are  both  by  chemical  and  bacterioligical  analysis. 
Since  your  bacteriologist  has  overtaken  the  charge  of  the  laboratories,  he 
has  found  it  advisable  to  modify  the  method  of  bacteriological  analysis 
then  in  use,  and  he  has  adopted  for  himself  the  so-called  “Michigan 
Method”  of  animal  inoculation  (cf.  “Some  Toxicogenic  Germs  Found  in 
Drinking  Water,”  V.  O.  Vaughn,  M.  D.,  A.  M.  A.  Journal,  1904,  Vol. 
XLII,  No-.  15).  This  method,  more  or  less  modified,  notably  m an  in- 
crease in  the  incubation  temperature  and  a greater  concentration  of  the 
bouillon  media,  unquestionably  assures  greater  certainty  and  accuracy. 
Several  of  these  complete  analyses  are  made  each  month,  supplemented 
by  the  Neutral-Bed  Glucose-Bouillon  Fermentation  test  (Savage)  on 
alternating  days. 

While  the  city  water  supply  has  been  repeatedly  brought  under 
suspicion,  yet  there  has  never  been  an  epidemic  of  typhoid  or  other  in- 
testinal diseases  attributable  to  this  source.  Such  cases  as  have  been 
found  from  time  to  time,  were,  in  almost  all  instances,  traceable  to  im- 
portations or  to  private  wells,  all  of  which  are  now  ordered  closed  by  an 
ordinance  of  the  Department. 

Notwithstanding  the  general  good  quality  of  the  city  drinking  water 
at  the  present  writing,  it  seems  timely  to  consider  plans  which  will  for- 
ever remove  the  possibility  of  contamination.  It  should  be  emphasized 
here  that  unquestioned  colon  contamination  has  been  observed  with  the 
increased  rain  fall  and  southeast  winds  in  the  spring  and  fall  of  the 
year,  which  clearly  shows  the  possibility  of  sewage  contamination.  The 
building  of  intercepting  sewers  which  would  carry  off  all  sewage  to  some 
clarification  reservoir  seems  very  timely.  At  all  events,  the  purity  of  the 
city  water  supply  should  no  longer  be  jeopardized  by  turning  into  it  an 
ever  increasing  current  of  fecal  and  sewage  matter. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


as 


SPUTUM. 

There  were  679  specimens  of  sputum  examined  for  tuberculosis,  240 
more  than  the  year  before.  While  the  greater  number  of  these  were  sub- 
mitted by  physicians,  not  a few  were  brought  by  the  people  directly. 
This  remarkable  increase  in  the  number  of  sputa  undoubtedly  is  due  to 
the  general  interest  aroused  in  the  public  by  the  tuberculosis  exhibit 
which  was  brought  to  this  city  early  in  the  spring  of  the  year. 

While  these  voluntary  reports  on  the  part  of  the  general  public  are 
clearly  showing  the  wholesome  educational  value  of  the  anti-tuberculosis 
crusade,  they  also  show  that  there  are  in  this  city  a great  many  more 
cases  of  tuberculosis  than  have  heretofore  been  brought  to  the  notice  of 
the  Department. 

The  great  prevalence  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  which  still  annual- 
ly carries  off  more  victims  than  all  other  contagious  and  communicable 
diseases,  certainly  emphatically  demonstrates  the  necessity  of  the  strict- 
est enforcement  of  the  anti-spitting  ordinance. 

DIPHTHERIA. 

The  number  of  examinations  for  the  diphtheria  bacillus  have  also 
been  decidedly  increased.  This  has  been  not  so  much  from  an  unusual 
increase  in  the  number  of  cases,  as  from  the  new  ruling  of  the  Depart- 
ment, which  requires  two  negative  cultures  to  be  made  by  the  City  Bacter- 
iologist for  each  and  every  case  of  diphtheria,  before  it  will  disinfect  and 
release  the  case  from  quarantine. 

The  establishment  and  strict  enforcement  of  this  ruling  will  un- 
doubtedly greatly  add  to  the  efficiency  in  the  control  and  prevention  of 
contagious  diseases. 


DISINFECTION. 

The  absolute  unreliability  of  the  formalin  sheet  method  of  disin- 
fection as  usually  performed  (cf.  Kosenau,  “Disinfection  and  Disinfec- 
tants”) has  induced  the  Department  to  relinquish  this  old-time  method 
and  look  about  for  a new  one. 

Experiments  with  various  disinfectants  have  induced  the  Depart- 
ment to  at  least  temporarily  adopt  the  use  of  an  isomeric  form  of  for- 
maldehyde with  potassium  permangate. 

While  this  method  probably  is  objectionable  because  of  its  increased 
expense  and  the  variability  of  the  strength  of  the  solidified  formaldehyde, 
yet  the  Department  felt  justified  in  adopting  this  method,  not  only  for 


34 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


the  greater  reliability  and  efficiency  of  the  disinfectant,  but  also  for  the 
reason  of  greater  convenience  and  safety  in  applying  it.  Further  ex- 
periments will,  however,  be  conducted  in  the  course  of  this  year,  with  a 
view  of  finding  a less  expensive  and  equally  reliable  and  safe  method  of 
disinfection. 


ADDENDA. 

A total  of  10,604  specimens  were  examined  in  the  course  of  the 
past  year,  8,047  of  which  were  in  the  chemical,  and  2,557  in  the  bacterio- 
logical department.  A tabulation  of  these  examinations  appears  ap- 
pended elsewhere. 

While  the  number  of  specimens  examined  in  the  chemical  depart- 
ment is  less  than  in  the  year  before,  this  is  readily  accounted  for  from 
the  fact  that  for  nearly  one  month  our  inspectors  were  employed  in  the 
county  and  city,  inspecting  dairies  and  milk  depots  and  instructing  dairy- 
men in  the  more  intelligent  and  careful  management  of  their  products. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  work  under  Dr.  Schoen,  city  chemist,  was 
pushed  with  greater  thoroughness,  and*  more  warnings  were  issued,  more 
arrests  made,  and  higher  fines  obtained  than  in  the  year  before.  For 
the  first  time,  also,  in  the  history  of  the  Department,  were  licenses  re- 
voked for  the  adulteration  of  milk. 

In  the  bacteriological  department,  the  work  shows  a decided  in- 
crease, 550  more  specimens  having  been  examined  than  in  the  year  be- 
fore. Besides  this,  there  has  been  considerable  research  work  done  at 
such  times  as  the  routine  of  the  laboratory  permitted. 

Yet  with  all  the  progress,  the  wants  and  needs  of  the  Department 
laboratories  are  by  no  means  satisfied.  The  present  location  of  the 
lab  oratory  is  all  but  satisfactory,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  within  the 
near  future  they  may  find  quarters  both  roomier  and  better  suited 
for  the  nature  of  the  work.  We  also  still  need  a few  pieces  of  apparatus 
very  badly.  When  these  will  have  been  secured,  we  may  hope  for  equally 
good  development  of  the  laboratory  in  the  future. 

Especial  mention  finally  must  be  made  of  the  excellent  work 
done  by  our  inspectors  Harry  Kiehl  and  James  Cunningham  to  whose 
untiring  labors  in  instructing  dairymen  in  the  proper  handling  of  milk 
so  much  of  the  improvement  in  the  cleanliness  and  sanitary  condition  of 
our  city  milk  supply  is  due. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

DR.  GEORGE  C.  RTTHLAND, 

Bacteriologist. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


35 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTH. 


MONTH. 

Diphtheria 

a 

3 

a 

m 

Typhoid 

Para- 

Typhoid. 

Animal 

Inoculation 

Milk. 

Water 
and  Ice. 

Mis- 

cellaneous. 

Total. 

January  

71 

50 

11 

3 

1 

3 

4 

349 

1 

491 

February  

58 

57 

21 

6 

2 

4 

99 

247 

Ma  rrb  

25 

47 

17 

22 

111 

April  

51 

71 

12 

134 

May  

64 

89 

12 

3 

2 

4 

174 

June  

28 

62 

11 

4 

2 

2 

5 

114 

July  

33 

58 

10 

1 

13 

2 

14 

131 

August  

40 

50 

23 

24 

2 

15 

2 

7 

163 

September  

37 

53 

12 

22 

2 

20 

2 

8 

156 

October  

109 

56 

17 

29 

2 

15 

2 

18 

248 

November  

114 

44 

19 

19 

2 

20 

2 

5 

225 

December  

179 

42 

19 

39 

2 

14 

2 

66 

363 

Total 

809  | 

679 

1 

184 

147 

1 

20  | 

97 

i 

24 

[ 

597 

2557 

36 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


DIPHTHERIA. 


MONTH. 

Positive.  | 

1 1 
Negative. 

Total. 

January  

1 

27 

I 

44 

71 

February  

20 

38 

58 

March  

3 

22 

25 

April  

24 

27 

51 

Mav  

24 

40 

64 

J it  n 0 , , , 

11 

17 

28 

July  

9 

24 

33 

August  

5 

32 

37 

September  

8 

32 

40 

October  

39 

70 

109 

November  

31 

83 

1 114 

December  

47 

132 

179 

1 

I 1 

248  | 561  I 809 


Total 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


37 


SPUTUM. 


January 
February 
March  . . 
April  . . . 

May  

June 

July 

August'  . . 
September 
October  . 
November 
December 


MONTH. 


Positive. 

16 

25 

15 

4’9 

43 


Negative. 


34 

32 

32 

22 

46 


Total. 

50 

57 

47 

71 

89 


19  1 

43 

62 

19  1 

39 

58 

27 

26 

53 

26  1 

24 

50 

24  1 

32 

56 

11 

33 

44 

17 

25 

| 42 

291  1 

388 

1 

679 

Total 


38 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MILK. 

Limit  250,000  per  c.c. 


MONTH. 

Above. 

Within. 

1 

Total. 

1 

July  

1 

8 

5 

13 

August  

8 

7 

15 

September  

11 

9 

20 

October  

8 

7 

15 

November  

7 

13 

20 

December  

3 

11 

14 

Total | 

1 1 

45  j 

52 

97 

(NOTE. — The  bacteriological  examination  of  milk  ’vas  not  inaugu- 
rated until  July;  hence  no  records  for  preceding  months). 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


39 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


MONTH. 

Animal 

Inoculation. 

Bacteriolog- 
ic  il  Exami- 
nation of 
water  and 
Ice. 

Miscellaneous. 

Total. 

January  

1 

3 

1 

4 

349 

1 

356 

February  .' 

2 

4 

99 

105 

March  

22 

22 

1 

Anril  1 

May  

3 

2 

4 

9 

June  

2 

2 

5 

9 

July  

2 

2 

13 

17 

August  

2 

2 

8 

12 

September  

2 

2 

8 

12 

October  

2 

2 

18 

22 

November  

2 

2 

5 

9 

December  

2 

2 

66 

70 

1 

Total | 

22 

i i 

1 24  I 

1 

597  | 

1 

643 

40 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August  . . 

September 

October 

November 

December 


PARA-TYPHOID  AND  COLON, 


MONTH. 


I I I 

Positive.  I Atypical.  I Negative.  I Total. 


.3  | 

3 

5 1 
1 . 

6 

i 

1 

1 

1 

4 1 

4 

1 

1 

24  | 

24 

22  j 

22 

26  j 

29 

18  1 

19 

33 

39 

1 

136  ! 


147 


Total 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


41 


TYPHOID. 


MONTH. 

i 

1 

Positive.  | 

1 

Atypical. 

1 

Negative. 

1 

Total. 

January  

-| 

3 

1 

2 

6 

11 

February  

"•I 

10 

1 

10 

21 

March 

. . . 1 

3 

14 

17 

April  

1 

1 

1 

10 

12 

May  

4 

4 

4 

12 

June  

...| 

2 

2 

7 

11 

July 

. . . 1 

3 

7 

10 

August  

1 

M 

2 

I 

2 

8 

12 

September  

3 

2 

18 

23 

October  

•••! 

5 

1 

11 

17 

November  

. . . 1 

2 

17 

19 

December  

1 

...| 

1 

3 

15 

19 

Total 

I 

"i 

37 

i 

| 20 

127 

184 

42 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  AND  MICROSCOPIC  EXAMINATIONS 
By  Years. 


1 

I 1901 

1902 

1903 

1 

1904 

1905 

1906 

Diphtheria  

1 

| 382 

384 

383 

329 

752 

809 

Sputum  

| 117 

292 

323 

414 

439 

679 

Blood  

1 81 

56 

97 

291 

301 

331 

Milk 

| 

97 

Miscellaneous  

1 

106 

37 

82 

327 

505 

641 

Total 

| 686 

711 

1 

| 925 

1561  1 

1 

2007 

2557 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


43 


CHEMICAL  LABORATORY. 

G.  A.  Bading,  M.  I).,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir: — I herewith  submit  report  of  the  work  done  in  the  chemical 
laboratory  during  the  year  1906. 

Respectfully  somitted, 

CHARLES  M.SCHOOBUSr,  M.  D., 

Chemist. 


44 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MILK  INVESTIGATIONS. 

Number  of  milk  dealers  licensed  during  the  year 1,330 

Total  samples  of  milk  analyzed  in  1900 ....4,897 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  4,897  samples 3.90<£ 

Number  of  samples  below  3ft  butter  fat 128 

Per  cent,  below  3ft 2.62^ 

Number  of  samples  from  the  street  1,730 

Average  per  cent,  of  1,730  samples  from  the  street 3.72^ 

Number  of  samples  below  3ft  from  the  street 71 

Per  cent,  below  3ft 4.10^ 

Number  of  samples  from  the  depots 2,G26 

Average  per  cent.  o£  2,626  samples  4.03^ 

Numoer  of  samples  below  3ft..- 32 

Per  cent,  below  3ft 1.22^ 

Number  of  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals 541 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  541  samples 3.84^ 

Number  of  samples  below  3ft... 25 

Per  cent,  below  3ft 4.62^ 

Number  of  samples  of  cream  tested 3,044 

Average  per  cent,  of  3,044  samples 20.78^ 

Number  of  arrests  made  in  1906 ...  12 

Amount  of  fines  imposed ...  $ 275. 00 

Quarts  of  milk  confiscated  in  1906 672 

Quarts  of  cream  confiscated  in  1906 160 

Quarts  of  cream  returned  in  1906 ..1,632 

Dealers  warned  in  1906 76 

Number  of  licenses  revoked 5 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


45 


CHEMICAL  ANALYSES  FOR  YEAR  BY  MONTHS. 


January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May 

June. 

July. 

August 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

Milk  1 

1 

137 

1 

289 

1 

399 

498 

528 

577 

1 

415 

1 

333 

511 

I 

428 

1 

460 1 

322 

1 

4897 

Cream  1 

2751 

3541 

371 

307 

188 

200 

222 

155 

241 

219 

.237] 

275 

| 3044 

City  water  . ... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 1 14 

Well  Water  . . . | 

!| 

1 

4 

8 

2 

8 

3 

3 

4 

8 

2 44 

Miscellaneous  . | 

1 

••••! 

2 

4 

3 

1 

6 

2 

3 

12 

10 

2 

3 i 48 

46  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


LAKE  WATER  ANALYSES. 


Chlorides. 

Nitrates. 

Nitrates. 

Free 

Ammonia. 

Alb. 

Amonia. 

Oxygen 

Consumed. 

1 

.4 

None 

None 

.012 

.010 

.16 

2.  ..  . 

.4 

None 

None 

.010 

.018 

.18 

3.... 

.4 

None 

None 

.012 

.016 

.20 

4 

.6 

None 

None 

.004 

.016 

.24 

5 

.5 

Trace 

None 

.002 

.012 

.18 

6. . . . 

.4 

None 

None 

.002 

.010 

.14 

7.  ... 

.5 

None 

None 

Not 

computed 

Not 

computed 

Not 

computed 

8.  . . . 

.5 

None 

None 

Not 

computed 

Not 

computed 

Not 

computed 

9.  . . . 

.5 

None 

None 

.003 

.016  - 

.175 

10.... 

.5 

None 

None 

.0005 

.0245 

.175 

11.  . . . 

.7 

None 

None 

Trace 

.012 

.17 

12.  . . . 

.7 

None 

None 

Trace 

.010 

.17 

13. . . . 

.7 

None 

None 

Trace 

.012 

.175 

14.  . . . 

.65 

None 

None 

Trace 

.010 

.17 

REPORT 

OF 

REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS 


REPORT  OF  REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir: — I have  herewith  the  honor  of  submitting  the  thirtieth  annual 
report  of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  for  the  year  end- 
ing December  31st,  1906. 


DEATHS. 


During  the  year  just  past,  there  were  4,632  deaths  recorded,  repre- 
senting an  annual  death  rate  of  13.42,  as  against  4,084  deaths  for  the 
year  1905,  when  the  death  rate  was  12.19. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  by  years  since 
1869,  together  with  the  officially  estimated  population  and  death  rate. 


Year. 

Population. 

Total 

Deaths. 

Rate 

per  1,000. 

1870 

71,440 

1,495 

20,93 

1871 

75,000 

1,452 

19.36 

1872 

79,500 

2,022 

25.43 

1873 

83,000 

1,878 

22.62 

1874 

87,000 

1,939 

22.29 

1875 

91,500 

1,506 

16.46 

187G 

95,000 

2,128 

22.40 

1877 

100,000 

2,198 

21.98 

1878 

105,000 

1,584 

15.09 

1879 

110,000 

1,978 

17.98 

1880 . , 

115,587 

2,390 

20.68 

1881 

122,000 

2,697 

22.10 

1882 

130,000 

2,729 

20.99 

1883 

138,000 

2,532 

18.35 

1884 

147,000 

2,768 

18.83 

1885 

156,000 

2,796 

17.92 

1886 

2,021 

18.31 

1887 

3.257 

18.61 

1888 

2,426 

18.52 

1889 

3,188 

16.35 

1890 

3,747 

18.33 

1891 

4,689 

21.91 

1892 

4,516 

20.25 

1893 

4,462 

19.23 

1894 

4,253 

17.64 

1895 

3,8S5 

15.54 

1896 

3.904 

15.00 

50 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


1897 

'. 275,000 

3,606 

13.11 

1898 

280,000 

3,338 

11.92 

1899 

285,000 

3,843 

13.48 

1900 

290,000 

4,026 

13.88 

1901 

295,000 

3,833 

12.99 

1902 

300,000 

3,797 

12.65 

1903 

315,000 

4,091 

12.99 

1904 

325,000 

4,182 

12.87 

1905 

335,000 

4,084 

12.19 

1906 

345,000 

4,632 

13.42 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  from  the  more 
inportant  causes  for  the  past  thirteen  years  : 


Cause  of  Death. 

1894 

1895 

1896 

,897 

1898  1899 

1900 

1S01 

1902 

1903 

| 

1904 

1905 

1906 

Typhoid  Fever  

70  j 

1 

631 

46 

1 

31 1 

1 

46 

47 

1 

59 

1 

| 63 

1 

48 

1 

541 

43 

68 

98 

Measles  

691 

!| 

29 

36 

2 

26 

36 

17 

36 

16 

4 

34 

Scarlet  Fever  

12  1 

5 

4 

3 

2| 

36 

70 

1 16 

10 

9 

41 1 

24j 

11 

Whooping  Cough  

69 

60 1 

15 

19 

53  | 

9 

46 

21 

49 

43  | 

6 

[ 24 

30 

Diphtheria  

237  | 

179 1 

198 

106  | 

61 

109 

124 

100 

85 

64 

58 

43 

65 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

354 

288 

335 

346 

316 

372 

373 

400 

320 

362 

428 

403 

416 

Cancer  

107 

139 

158 

164 

|!66| 

194 

196 

1 206 

208 

212 

224 

206 

234 

Meningitis  

I107 

82 

96 

70 

!108 

123 

72 

| 93 

93 

90 1 

71 

| 82 

95 

Apoplexy  | 

90 1 

90 

108 

92 

107 1 

120 

139 

1 160 

144 

181 1 

171 

166 

189 

Convulsions  1 

250 

239 

246 

191 

1 127 1 

144 

140 

124 

94 

132 

162 

1 1 58 

j 185 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

|!43| 

161 

185 

212 

190 

228 

227 

1 197 

254 

295) 

360 

1362 

1367 

Bronchitis  

169 

181 

1 18? 

193 

182 

173 

180 

1 176 

230 

184 

157 

1 146 

1 183 

Pneumonia  

1 245 

271 

1 237 

239 

1 227 

1 281 

299 

1 272 

280 

456' 

493 

| 351 

1 530 

Diarrhoeal  Diseases  

1348 

323 

1 298 

244 

1 350 

400 

439- 

j 322 

340 

286 

303 

] 287 

1 377 

Nephritis  

| 77 

95 

1 106 

110 

1 106 

1 132 

121 

1 132 

156 

167 

1 179 

1190 

i 

1200 

Congenital  Debility  

1 415 

1 364 

j 347 

217 

1 194 

244 

323 

1 290 

234 

314 

357 

1 332 1360 

Senile  Debility  

1 124 

1116 

108 

123 

| 84 

| 69 

78 

1 115 

92 

106 

1 160 

1 158 

1 159 

Suicides  

| 46 

| 48 

| 58 

j 62 

| 62 

| 49 

59 

| 59 

69 

74 

j 68 

j 721  67 

Accidents  

1 119 

1 145 

143 

1 125 

1 116 

1 155 

152 

1 166 

j 188 

186 

175 

1 163 

] 209 

The  following  table  will  show  the  total  deaths,  deaths  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age,  deaths  of  children  from  one  to  five  years  of  age, 
total  deaths  of  children  under  five  years  of  age,  and  the  per  cent,  of 
deaths  amony  children  under  five  years  of  age  to  the  total  deaths. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  51 


Total 

Under 

One  to 

Total  under 

Per  cent, 
under  Five 
to  Total 

Year. 

Deaths. 

One  Year. 

Five  Years. 

Five  Years. 

Deaths. 

1892 

4,516 

1,479 

744 

2,223 

49.2 

1893 

4,462 

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

4,253 

1,441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

3,885 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

3,904 

1,297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897 

3,606 

1,077 

425 

1,502 

41.6 

1898 

3,338 

1,010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

3,843 

1,113 

428 

1,541 

40.1 

1900 

4,026 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

3,933 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

3,796 

963 

390 

1,353 

35.6 

1903 

4,091 

1,103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

1904 

4,182 

1,106 

385 

1,491 

35.6 

1905 

4,084 

1,088 

323 

1,411 

34.5 

1906 

4,632 

1,261 

421 

1,682 

36.3 

60,451 

18,178 

6,859 

25,037 

Considerable  has  been  said  about  the  typhoid  condition  in  Milwau- 
kee, also  about  the  general  prevalence  of  typhoid  fever  in  lake  cities. 
The  following  table  of  typhoid  deaths,  by  months,  for  twenty-five  years 
past  shows  that  there  is  not,  and  has  never  been,  a typhoid  epidemic  in 
Milwaukee. 


52 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


DEATH  BY  MONTHS  FROM  TYPHOID  FEVER  SINCE  1875. 


Year. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Grand 

Total. 

1875  

4 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

5 

2 

2 

! 

25 

1876  

1 

5 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

4 

10 

5 

j 36 

1877  

4 

9 

3 

3 

1 

4 

4 

6 

6 

! ^ 

1878  

2 

2 

1 

2 

4 

2 

6 

51 

1 

i 

| 36 
| 25 

1879  

3 

1 

2 

3 

61 

4 

41 

! 

4 

1 32 

1880  

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

2 

3 

6 

7 

81 

5 

1 

| 43 

1881  

1 

3 

3 

4 

1 

6 

2 

2 

3 

12 

5 

17 

59 

1882  

7 

5 

5 

6 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 4 

| 42 

1883  

3 

6 

3 

2 

2 

3 

6 

3 

7 

1 

[ 35 

1884  

3 

4 

1 

2 

3 

1 

4 

5 

7 

6 

3 

8 

47 

1885  

2 

2 

3 

7 

2 

4 

2 

6 

4 

4 

1 8 

44 

1886  

6 

7 

3 

7 

5 

3 

3 

1 

5 

4 

3 

| 4 

! 51 

1887  

1 

3 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2! 

I 11 

11 

2 

j 10 

| 55 

1888  

8 

6 

18 

9 

8 

6 

5 

5i 

i 1 

7' 

3 

1 2 

I 78 

1889  

4 

4 

3 

8 

2 

3 

3 

9 

i 3 

7 

6 

1 4 

| 

| 55 

1890  *. 

8 

6 

4 

3 

8 

6 

1 4' 

8 

20 

3 

8 

1 5 

| 83 

1891  

7 

4 

6 

6 

4 

3j 

5 

71 

3 

11 

4 

! n 

1 71 

1892  

17 

6 

4 

4 

8 

1 5 

3 

1 10 

i 6 

6 

j 31  66 

1893  

7 

2 

1 

5 

6 

6 

1 ®' 

7 

10 

13 

11 

1 7 

1 80 

1894  

7 

7 

4 

6 

4 

1 3 

3 

1 5 

1 9 

5 

1 7 

| 60 

1895  

9 

2 

5 

6 

3 

4 

1 2 

4 

1 7 

1 7 

7 

i 7 

1 63 

1896  

6 

7 

3 

5 

1 

2 

1 3 

4 

1 2 

1 5' 

4 

! 4 

] 46 

1897  

6 

1 

3 

6 

2 

1 3 

2 

1 2 

1 2 

2 

i 2 

1 31 

1898  

6 

1 

1 

2 

6 

3 

1 7 

2 

1 7 

4 

4 

1 3!  40 

1899  

2 

2 

2 

1 

4 

6 

8 

4 

1 5 

1 10 

4|  4 | 47 

1900  

5 

2 

2 

3 

6 

1 3 

6 

1 11 

1 11 

7 

i 8 

| 59 

1901  

3 

3 

1 4 

5 

8 

5 

1 10 

6 

1 5 

1 6 

5]  3 

] 63 

1902  

3 

3 

1 4 

1 

1 

00 

CO 

1 5 

1 8 

7 

1 5 

1 48 

1903  

7 

a 

00 

7 

4 

2 

1 2 

1 4 

6 

| 6|  4]  4 

] 54 

1904  

5 

1 

1 5 

1 

1 6 

4 

1 1 

1 3 

].... 

| 3]  3]  11]  43 

1905  

1 10 

6 

1 5 

1 8I  15 

1 3 

!•••• 

1 8 

1 8 

1 7 

| 4]  6]  68 

1906  

1 10 

5 

1 14 

1 12 

1 4 

1 6 

1 4 

1 8 

1 7 

1 8 

| 8j  12]  98 

Total 


167 | 110 | 131 | 132 | 110|  96]  95]  125]  174]  208]  164]  177|1689 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


53 


BIRTHS. 

There  were  8,487  births  reported  during  the  year  1906  past,  repre- 
senting a birth  rate  of  24.3  per  1,000  population,  against  7,852  births 
for  1905,  with  a rate  of  23.4.  This  increase  is  very  gratifying. 

MARRIAGES. 

During  the  year  1906  there  were  3,732  marriages  repoTted. 

F.  E.  DARLING,  M.  D., 

Registrar  Vital  Statistics. 


Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Diphtheria  during  the  year  1906. 


54 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


*nvxox 


sq 


S0SBO 


sq}B9Q 


S0SBO 


S0SBO 


sq;B9Q 


S9SBO 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB3 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB3 


■tf5i-liH(NNiNNlOkf5''H 


QOeOOOlO^kfir-ICC^DeO 


NCODON-tf  NCDt-OOCDCDr-ICDN 


Nr-UOiHCDt-CiOTt^^COr-lr-l- 


IMCOHrIM 


oz 


sq;B9a 


S9SB3 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB3 


sq;B9Q 


S0SBO 


Sq}B9Q 


S9SB3 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB3 


Sq^B9Q 


S9SB3 


NrH  -COION 


lOCO^lOHN 


*o 

d'q 
m o 

y jd 


+■>  O -L 

5^555s§*ni!!!i!ii 

oSS  1---2  si  S5  oSS 


»ut  of  city, 
fo  case  . . . 


Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  during  the  year  1906. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


1 1 

vxox 

• 

incaeOaOCOOOb-rHOOCOOOOOaOt-eOt-CarHt-eOrHt-t- 

i— 1 r- 1 t— 1 i— I rH 1 

J 162 

DEC. 

stnuaa 

:::::::::::::::::  :H 

S9SIJ0 

• rH  00 

• CJ  • rH  • • • rH  CO  • • • • *rH  *d  • 

«o 

NOV. 

sq}Be>a 

::::::::  r 

CO 

S9SB3 

lO  . 

CO  • • • -Mrl rHOl  • 

rH 

OCT. 

sq;Bea 

■j 

S9SB3 

r— 1 rH 

•00 

•N  - "H  • • 

• rH  • rH  • • • rH  rH 

O 

rH 

SEPT. 

sq;B9a 

S0SB3 

• • rH  • • rH  • • rH  rH  • rH  • rH rH 

t- 

AUG. 

sq}B9a 

S0SB3 

rH  rH  rH  • • • rH  • rH  • CO  • CO  rH  • • • • rH 

kO 

JULY. 

sq;B9a 

S9SB0 

Cl  • rH  • rH  • rH rH 

1 00 

JUNE. 

sq}B9<3 

:::::::  :::::::  : 

rH 

rH 

rH 

S9SB3 

• • • "rHfNrH  *rH  .-tHCO 

MAY. 

sq;B9a 

1-1 

rH 

S9SB3 

•r- IrHr-i  • • • 

rH 

APR. 

sq^Baa 

H ::::::::::::::::  :*■* 

<N 

S9SB3 

CO  • 

• t— i • • • rH  • rH  rH  • • • rH  • • •rHOJ 

CO 

rH 

MCH. 

sq;B9a 

rH  • • 

rH 

S9SB3 

rH  • 

rH <N  • 

rH  • • • rH 

05 

FEB. 

sq;B9a 

H : : : : : 

W 

S9SB0 

tH  rH  rH  • • rH  • 

■rln  -Hb-  • • • rH 

G> 

rH 

JAN. 

sq^Baa 

S9SB3 

• rH  rtlfl  Cq  IM  rH 

rHiNiMrH  • -<N  *rH  • 

eo 

0 

<! 

£ 

t 

1 

First  

Second  

Th  i rH 

X 

JV 

5 E 

^ — 

1 

> * 

<fa  a 

Seventh  

Eighth  

Ninth  

Tenth  

Eleventh  

Twelfth  

Fourteenth  

Fifteenth  

Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  

Twentieth  

Twenty-first  

Twenty-second  

Twenty-third  

Total 1 

1 

TABLE  C. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Typhoid  during  the  year  1906. 


56 


ANNUAL  report  of  the 


tvj.ox 


sq;i3aa 


S0SB3 


Sq;B9<3 


S0SB3 


squ?ea 


saseo 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB3 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB0 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB0 


■ <M 


"rH  ■ • -C?  • -rHrH  ■ 


1C* 


COrHrH(M'^eOiM<NCOeO'<}HlOI>COi 


<M  Ol  CO  lO  01  rH  Ol  rH  01  iO  00  hJH  O iM 


LO  01 01  • CO 


,0IOlrHt'*rHriC0rH  -CO 


lOlOlOlOlCDOlrHCPOCOrHOl 


sqjBaa 


S9SB3 


sq;B9Q 


S9SB3 


sq;B3Q 


S9SB3 


HW  -tCHfONi 


(MrH(MtHiHC0C0'^<NC0r-lWiH  -CO  • rH  rH  rH  Ol 


OlrH  -OlOli 


, « 
H 


sq;B9Q 


S8SBO 


sq;B9Q 


S0SB3 


sq;B3Q 


S9sb;) 


OlrHOl  • rH  t- Ol  l£i 


Ol  rH  Ol  CO  rH  CO  1 


01  -rH  -OUTS 


<C0C0HrH  -IN 


CO  rH  ® rji  lO  iH  01  i 


CO  t-I  r-l  CO  TH  Ol  CO  i 


+j  fl’O 

8 8-g 

^32  EH 


5 +j  - ^ 

- S.ag8'S'S®-gg.S 

oS«  %*£  giJ  £2  §SJ*  &.SJ.9  £ 


«S  cp 
>.  >> 


Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Measles  during  the  year  1906. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


TVXCXL 


squ*aa 


sq}Baa 


sasBQ 


stUBaa 


sasBO 


struma 


sasBO 


sqiBea 


sasBO 


sq^Baa 


sq;Baa 


sq^Baa 


sasBO 


sq^Baa 


S3SB3 


sq^Baa 


sasBO 


sqiBaa 


sq^Baa 


sasBO 


sasBO 


. . . .(M  . . 

iH  • <N  H • <M  <M  • • 

•(MiHCO 

CO 

l_^ 

:::::::::::  :H  :::::::::  : 

; rH 

Nri  • 

• • -COtHCOCO  -rH 

•r-t-tfCO 

•Tfl  • 

35| 

• -lH  -<M  • • 

: .,rH  : 

10 

3 

“i 

10 

11 

1 

2 

• rH  • rH  CO  <N  <M  NW 
tH 

•COOC1 
• tH 

•CO  • 

10 

t- 

co  • t- 


■T-i  -HN 


-a  .a 


T3 

a rO 

£3  5 £3  £3  » 

"3 ^5  § 3 ^ 


« ^ C a)  H HT.T  , v 

£ S3  os.*  &££  §3  £3  * ££3  £ 


TABLE  E. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Small  Pox  during  the  year  1906. 


58 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TVXOX 


• •rHCOCO  • -COrH^-tft-NrHCOrH©N 
■H  • • rH  CO  00 


•rHLO  NNrH 
• 00 


ion 

oo 


DEC. 

sq^aa 

sasBO 

CO 

rHrHrHt~© 

N 

©CO  rH  IN 
lO 

N 

CO 

rH 

rH 

- 

NOV. 

sq^naa 

sasBO 

N 

in  oo 

rH 

T— 1 

CO 

co 

OCT. 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

rHN 

t- 

N 

i 5 

17 

SEPT. 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

AUG. 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

tH 

rH 

JULY. 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

rH 

rH 

N 

JUNE. 

sq;naa 

sasBO 

N"* 

©rH 

J MAY. 

sqinaa 

sasBO 

T— 1 

APR. 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

iHrH 

CO 

m 

MCH. 

sq;naa 

sasBO 

1-1 

rH 

N rH 

FEB. 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

JAN. 

sq^Baa 

sasBO 

N 

0* 

WARD. 

. : 
. - 
i <3 
tV. 

3^ 

5 - 

; *r 

. — 
1b 

- & 

It 

i * 
\u. 

3 a 

IS 

in. 

; Z 
- b 
. 

if 

Vz 

u 

i 2 
i > 

U 

H ft 

1 

• 1 
5 ^ 

H c 
- : 

' 0 

j z 

3^ 

If 

3 C 

- "r 

i a 

h a 

it 

5 a 
> a 

H ^ 

h5 

5 2 
: : 

il 
* * 
3 fl 

:n 

3 ^ 
• : 
it 

J z 

z 

2& 

3 0 

- : 
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3 a 
Jt  £ 

32 

5.2 
; ^ 

' ? 

a 

j'O 

j 

3 C 
J 0 
£ S 

■ r 

£ 

Pc 

53 

►.  K 

; 3 

► 5 

3 

ll 

I'i 

►.  f 

3 3 

£ 5 

^ E- 

; c 

3 h 

3 -3-H 

J eS  £ 

:•  3C 

! 1 
H & 

3 

5 

5& 

c 

H 

Ht 

3 

> 

i 

3 

Chicken  Pox . 


TABLE  P. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  during  the  year 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  59 


1 

7X0X 

MICHHHt-  •O3©rHCOCOCOO0COO3  03  e3K0©COi-lTtt 
• HH  rH  rlrlNNHHH 

189 

DEC. 

sqitjaa 

• • • • rH  • 

rH 

S9SB3 

03rHCO  • 

rH  • 

•HCl'l-  • 

• rH  CO 

c? 

CO 

NOV. 

sqyeoa 

rH  • • • 

rH  rH  i—l  • 

S9SB0 

rH  • 

rH  • • 

rH03 

03  • "-h 

•CO  • 

Th 

OCT. 

sq}B9(3  1 

• tH  rH  • tH 

iR 

co 

S9SB3 

• rH  CO 

rH  -CO  -1 

H • • 

tH 

SEPT. 

squ^d 

•rHr-i 

:r_l  : : : : 

S9St?0 

1-1 

COCO 

i-Hrfl03COC0COi-IO3C0rHrHi-( 

03 

CO 

AUC. 

sq^9a 

1-1  ! 

• rH  • • 

03 

S9SB3 

•03 

rH  • • | 

: : 

© 

JULY. 

sq;B9Q 

i1-1  : 

• • 

03 

S9SC3 

CO 

rH03rH 

03 

• 10  03  • 

01  • ■ 

§ 

.JUNE. 

sq;^9a 

1-1 

1-1 

S9SB3 

' 

03 

COlO  •NtJHtH 

•03  • 

! s 

MAY. 

sqiB9a 

rH 

rH  • • 

1 

S9SEO 

Of 

rH 

• -rH 

03  rr  • 

APR. 

sqyeoa 

rH 

rH  tH 

rH  rH  • 

■ -rH 

t ® 

i I 

S9SB3 

1-1 

rH  • 

rH 

•N^ 

1 s 

Men. 

sq;E9a 

T_i 

rH  • • 

S9SB3 

rH 

• rH 

1 • CO  -1-101 

tJ3C0  • 

S | 

FEB. 

sq^B9a 

1-1 

; : : 

S9SB3 

— 

rH 

• • • N 

H : : , 10  | 

JAN. 

sq;B9a 

1-1  .'  ; 

S9SB3 

T“l 

1-1 

rH  ; • CO  | 

WARD. 

g 

£ 

X 

J ; 

0 C 

h ; 

" c 

ho 

3 X 
3 - 
. 

br 

3 + 

3 < 
H & 

is 

=4  & 

3 7 

- : 

3 C 

20 

3 + 
D ,C 
> t 

3 

- £ 
si  f 
3? 

Tenth  1 

TT'l  ATTATtfh 

U + 
l>  i 

n 

Thirteenth  

TTrmrtppntVi  

Fifteenth  

CIAICCUIU  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  

TWprvHpth  

Twenty-first  

Twenty-second  

Twenty-third  

Total J 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Tuberculosis  during  the  year  1906. 


60 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


VXOJi 

^HOO«0OHOTfOCOOOl!:O(NCOt'Clt-H^CO 
eo  eodd  co  co  i-h  d co  id  id  d co  id  co  d d co  co  eo  d t-h 

Cl 

-t* 

DEC. 

sqiBea 

r-l  -i-l  Cl  rHrH  • 'HHrHClHCO  • . rH  • • Cl  rH  T-l  d 

Cl 

d 

d d ^ 10  Cl  •rHrHd''tdrHCOc0^rHd  • CO  rH  • • 

^ I 

NOV. 

sqnsea 

• •1_t  • d Cl  • -CO  ’Tt<rH»D  ’i-i-l  • rtf  CO  rH  CO  d • 

CO 

CO 

SaSBl  | <Nf°rH  CO  d rH  d tH  • 

t- 

00 

OCT. 

sqU38Q 

rH  • iH  • -1  .rHCOrHdrtfCOdlO>rHrHrfi  ‘iHiHlMiHiH 

fr- 

CO 

sas^o 

rH  .drHrtf  •dCOdXrHCOrHOld  -i-ndddCOi-id 

62 

SEPT. 

sqjBaa 

• • * t— ! .^iHiH  -drritCONHddH  'ddHif  j 

rtf 

CO 

sasej 

rH  CO  M d CO  rH  d d ID  CO  rtf  • ITS  00  CO  rtf  rH  CO  CO  rtf  rH  rH  • 

fr- 

ies 

AUG. 

sq;Baa 

•CO’-td  • rHrHrtf  rHrHddCOCOrHrH  -ndd  • d rH 

rtf  1 
CO 

sasx?3 

drtfi-HXrHdrHdrtfCOrHlDrtfXrtfdrtfrtfrHXCOdrH 

ID 

JULY. 

sq;Baa 

Hd^HrHd  •drHlDrtfCO  -C0rH  • d rtf  d rH  rH  rH  CO 

rtf 

sasB3 

d rtf  ^ d •OHdd^^dMMrfd^dH^dr-H 
•• 

5 

JUNE. 

sq;Baa 

•d^rH  -rtf  COrHrtf  ddrHrHCOrHrHCOrHrHCOrHdrtf 

42 

sasBO 

CD  d oi  CO  00  d TP  TfH  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  rH  • d CO  CO  LD  ID  Cl  rtf  rH 

ID 

fr- 

MAY. 

squjaa 

ddNHd’t  • .'1  rH  CO  00  • rtf  rH  r-.  • rH  CO  rH  rtf  rtf  rtf  . 

l 

Jos 

sasBO 

lDCOCOrHt-CDlDeOrtfXt-rtft-rHdCOdrtfXeOlDrtfd 

1 

1031 

1 

APR. 

sq^Baa 

CO  d rH  rH  Cl  t-  rH  • LD  rH  rH  rH  • d d rH  • d CO  CO  d CO  d 

ID 

rtf 

sasBO 

HlMdddd  •rHrtfOOCO  -rHrtfrtfd  ‘iH^lOddCI 

58 

MCH. 

sq;Baa 

rH  • rH  d • rH  -hHCOCO  • rtf  rtf  d • rH  d rtf  05  Cl  ICO  00 

rtf 

ID 

sasBO 

^rHr-MN  • tH  -rHCOC^^  • tH  CO  CD  CO  rfl  CO  r-l 

• • • tH 

59 

FEB. 

sq^Baa 

•d  -rH  -Cl  • rH  d CD  rtf  • •COdrHrHrHCOddd’^ 

o 

CO 

sasBO 

dCI  ’rtfrHrtf  • -rtf  CClDrHdXCOddrHCDlDdrtf  CO 

69 

JAN. 

sq^Baa 

• • -drHd  ’ ’COCOrHrHdlOCO  • 'CCrid'J  • Cl 

ID 

CO 

sasBO 

CO  rH  •1-HrHCOrHHCOdCOOICOddrH  • CO  rH  rH  rtf  rH  • 

d 

rtf 

WARD. 

! 

First  

Second  

Third  

Fourth  

Fifth  

Sixth  

Seventh  

Eighth  

Ninth  

Tenth  

Eleventh  

Twelfth  

Thirteenth  . . 

Fourteenth  

Fifteenth  

Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  

Twentieth  

Twenty-first  

Twenty-second  

Twenty-third  

Total 

CHART  HO.  1. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever  for  2,6  Years,  1881-1906  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


61 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  HO.  2. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  and  Croup  for  26  Years,  1881-1906  Inclusive. 


62 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


63 


CHART  NO.  3. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  26  Years,  1881-1906 

Inclusive. 


r-  oo  os  o 
00  00  00  os 
00  00  00  00 


in  \o  r- 

Os  Q\  O 
CO  00  00 


t 

I 

I 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Measles  for  20  Years,  1881-1 90(1  Inclusive. 


64 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


9061 

S06I 

mi 

eo6i 

2061 

1061 

0061 

6681 

8681 

£681 

9681 

£681 

*681 

£681 

2681 

1681 

0681 

6881 

888T 

£881 

9881 

S88I 

*881 

£881 

2881 

T88I 


8 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  for  26  Years,  1881.-1906  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


65 


' • 


CM  © 

OOP 
O © ° 


Black — Per  Cent  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


66 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  HO.  6. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Bronchitis  for  26  Years,  1881 — 1906. 


Inclusive. 


.09 


•08  : 


.07 

. 

-.06 


.05- 


.04, 


.03 

.02 

.01 

.00 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population 


CHART  NO.  7. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Pneumonia  for  26  Years,  1881-1906  Inclusive. 


r»iacK — xer  Cent,  oi  xouu  jjeaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  8. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Consumption  for  26  Years,  1881-1906  Inclusive. 


68 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


•”) 

.16 

.15 

.14 

13 

.12 

•11 

.10 

.09 

.08 

.07 

.06 


.05 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  shows  Deaths  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


CHART  NO.  9. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diarrhoea  for  26  Years,  1881-1906  Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  Shows  Deaths  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


70 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  NO.  10. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Apoplexy  for  2,6  A^ears,  1881-1906 

Inclusive. 


0.06 
0 05 
0.Q1 
0.03 
0.02 
0.01 
0.00 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 

Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Convulsions  for  26  Years,  1881-1906  Inclusive. 


L 

.A 

IT- 

f> 


COMMISSIONER  OP’’  HEALTH. 


71 


t 

1 

L 

* 

\ 

' \ 

i 

i 

ft 

\ 

\ 

* 

4 

\ 

A 

A 

f 

V 

r 

A- 

\ 

X 

\ 

\ 

A 

1 

\ 

V 

V 

\ 

r 

■» 

,7 

7 

/ 

r 

v 

“V 

V 

,/ 

V 

-.25 

.24 

.23 

.22 

.21 

.20 

.19 

.18 

.17 
.16  ' 
.15 
.14 
.13 
.12 
.11 
.10 
.09 
.08 
.07 
.06 
.05 
.04 
.03. 
.02 
PI 
.00 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


72 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  1-Showing  the  Number  of  Deaths,  According  to  Cause, 
Annual  Death  Rate  per  1,000  for  the  Year  was  13.42, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

• 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

'Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — All  Causes  1 

46321 

2512 

2120 

2451 

1500 

6511 

301 

12225 

637 

1770 

General  Diseases  I 

1062 1 

557 

5<jd 

494 

459 

97 

12 

435 

189 

438 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  I 

98 

' 54 

44 

47 

8 

2 

47 

21 

30 

2.  Malaria  | 

1 

l 

....| 

3.  Small  Pox  j 

. ... 

.... 

i 

34 1 

1 14 

20 

34 

33 

1 

111 

4 

10 

1 

10 

1 

30 

| 15 

15 

30 

29 

1 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup I 

65 

1 33| 

32 

63 

1 

1 

55 

6 

"'4 

8.  Grippe  I 

9| 

1 5| 

4 

2 

5 

‘"2 

1 

2 

6 

9.  Dysentery  | 

2 

j 21 

1 

1 

2 

10  other  Epidemic  Diseases | 

1| 

1 l| 

i 

1 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection | 

43 

! 231 

”26 

23 

17 

3 

19 

7 

17 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  ! 

416 

I 230| 

186 

189 

201 

24 

"i 

166 

82 

168 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 1 

56 

25| 

31 

42 

12 

1 

1 

39 

9 

8 

14.  Cancer  I 

| 234 

106 

128 

26 

150 

56 

2 

18 

47 

169 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

63 

42 

21 

29 

30 

42 

2 

17 

12 

34 

Local  Diseases  

3281 

1713 

1568 

1813 

HH 

F525 

14 

Tmi? 

390 

mS 

16.  Meningitis  

95 

55 

40 

89 

4 

2 

| 80 

7 

8 

17.  Cerebial  Congestion  and  Hem’rage 

189 

85 

104 

14 

92 

80 

“3 

13 

30 

146 

18.  Paralysis  

12 

7 

5 

3 

5 

4 

2 

5 

5 

19.  Conynlfsinns  nf  Infants 

185 

100 

85 

185 

183 

1 2 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System | 

50 

28 

22 1 

17 

27 

6 

11 

12 

"27 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 1 

387 

203 

1641 

70 

207 

88 

”2 

60 

68 

239 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System..  | 

59 

| “35 

24| 

14 

31 

14 

11 

11 

37 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

183 

84 

991 

110 

24 

47 

”2 

101 

15 

67 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-rneumonia  — 

530 

284 

246 1 

340 

131 

'57 

2 

299 

68 

163 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat'y  1*  stem...| 

39 

23 

I 16' 

1 14 

18 

6 

1 

13 

5 

21 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  unrer  2 yrs... 

377 

208 

! 1691 

377 

372 

5 

27.  Diarrhoeo  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs | 

44 

24 

1 20 

17 

17 

10 

18 

2 

"24 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions... 

! 27 

13 

14 

8 

16 

3 

8 

3 

16 

29.  Peritonitis  

1 25| 

10 

151 

9 

15 

1 

10 

6 

9 

30.  Appendicitis  

1 46 

28 

181 

25 

18 

3 

V.'-\ 

16 

15 

15 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System  — 

1 199 

106 

93 

66 

94 

39 

...} 

63 

[ 36 

100 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

200 

107 

93 

44 

115 

39 

2 

35 

1 47 

118 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Gen ito-Uri nary  Sys.. 

36 

11 

25 

3 

28 

5 

... 

7 

1 14 

! 15 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

17 

17 

1 

15 

1 

... 

5 

3 

9 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

| 30 

'i 

29 

1 

29 

11 

b 

9 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Gel’ular  Ti  sue  — 

1 18 

6 

12 

11 

5 

*'2 

13 

1 

4 

37.  iDseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 10 

5 

5 

4 

3 

3 

2 

1 

7 

38  Hydrnpppba  Ins  

1 5 

2 

3 

1 5 

4 

1 1 

.... 

39  Other  \Ialf0rmati0n3 

19 

13 

6 

1 19 

19 

1.... 

I.... 

40  Congenital  Debility 

360 

22 

138 

360 

360 

1 

41.  Senile  Debility  

159 

53 

106 

7 

ni!5 

A 

I 23 

J 136 

Violence  

282| 

I 240 

42 

141 

110 

2h 

4 

73 

I ^7 

152 

42.  Suicide  

671 

51 

16 

28 

30 

8 

1 

10 

1 18 

39 

43.  Accidents  

209 

1 185 

24 

ltf 

75 

19 

3 

62 

| 39 

108 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

V! 

2 

51 

3 

£ 

2 

1 1 

5 

45.  Homocides  

6| 

4 

1 2| 

1 1 

5 

|.... 

[*” 

_ 11 

5 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


73 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  the  Year  1906.  The 
on  an  Estimated  Population  of  345,000. 


AGE 


74 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  2 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Sex 


Social  Condition 


Nativity 


Total— All  Causes  1 380 

1 193 1 

187 

1182 

133 

63 

2 

157 

74 

149 

General  Diseases  1 

92 

43 

49 

48 

38 

5 

1 

38 

22 

32 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  I 

10 

1 4| 

6 

8 

1 

1 

7 

2 

1 

2.  Malaria  1 

. . . 

..  . 

! 

. . 1 

. . . 1 

3.  Small  Pox  | 

. . II.  i 

j 

. . . 1 

i-. . . 

4.  Measles  1 

5| 

| 2 1 

3 

| 

5 

5 

5.  Scarlet  Fever  



1 . . . 

... 
[ . . . 

6.  Whooping  Cough  

1 

1 

i 

1 

I . . . 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup... 

8 

n 

3 

8 

1 6 

2 

1... 

8.  Grippe  

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

9.  Dysentery 

1 . . . 

10  Other  Epidemic  Diseases.. 

1 . . . 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection..! 

4 

2 

2 

2 

i 

1 

2 

a. 

1 il 

12.  Pulmon  try  Tuberculosis  

35 

16 

19 

16 

18 

1 

12 

8 

1 15 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

5 

1 

4 

3 

2 

2 

'2 

1 1 

14.  Cancer  

14 

4 

10 

1 

11 

2 

2 

3 

9 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

8 

6 

211 

3 

4 

1 

1 . . . 

4 

4 

Local 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 


Diseases  

Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage. 

Paralysis  

Convulsions  of  Infants 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System... 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chron'c 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 
Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  Svstem 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 
Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.. 

Peritonitis  

Appendicitis  

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

Bright’s  Disease  

Other  Diseases  of  Genito  Urinary  Sys 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

Other  Puerperal  Diseases . 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hvdroceohalus  

Other  Malformations  , . . . . 

Congenital  Debility  

Senile  Debility  


2691 |134|135  1 
2||. ..I  2 

1611  6 10 
II  1 ...  1 

125| 

21 

...1 

87 

56| 

1 

1151 

ll  • 

...1 
...  I 

451109 
. . I 1 
4]  12 
. . I . . . 

8 

. . . 

8 

13 1 

1 7 1 

61 

13 

131 

. . . 1 

1 

1 11 

1 

1 . . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

31 

1 16| 

15 

“3 

21 

7 

1 31 

71 

21 

8 

1 51 

31 

4 

4 

I...I 

...] 

8 

15 

1 8 

7 

”8 

2 

5 

I 81 

ll 

6 

67 

1 351 

32 1 

44 

13 

9 

i 

1 371 

121 

18 

5 

1 11 

4 

1 2 

1 

! 2 

3| 

• • • 1 

2 

11 

1 8 1 

31 

1 11 

1 . . . 

1 10! 

1! 

2 

1 11 

11 

1 1 

1 1 

1... 

1 il 

..  .1 

"i 

4 

1 31 

11 

1 

1 2 

1 1 

I 1 

11 

2 

2 

1 ..  .1 

21 

1 2 

1 .. . 

1 il 

. . .1 

1 

5 

1 21 

31 

"4 

I 1 

1 .. . 

1 2| 

21 

1 

9 

1 71 

21 

1 3 

! 5 

1 1 

1 31 

21 

4 

2111  81 

131 

1 5 

1 13 

1 3 

1 31 

71 

11 

3|  | ...  1 

31 

1 ..  . 

1 3 

1... 

1 ..  A 

. ll 

2 

111  ..  .1 

11 

1 ..  . 

1 1 

1 .. . 

1 il 

411  ..  .1 

41 

1 ..  . 

1 4 

1... 

1 !! 

1 l! 

21 

1 

I : : : 

1 .. 

1 .. .1 ..  .1 .. . 

1 . . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

311  2| 

1! 

1 3 

1 21... 

l.. 

1 31 

..  .1 

24  i 1 15 1 

9 1 1 24 

l . • 

1 24| 

22U  91 

1311  1 

1 51  16 

1.. 

I...I 

51 

17 

Violence  . . 

42.  Suicide 

43. 


^■cidei^^ 


19|l  161  3||  9 1 

4||  2!  211  II 

”411  131  111  81 


41 

..I 

41 


7!  8 

11  3 

61  4 


44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

45.  Homocide  


. i i ...!...  i 1 
ill  ll.. -II 


I . . .1 


1 


BOARD  OF  PUBLIC  WORKS. 


75 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  January,  1906. 


AGE 


Under  1 Yr. 

|l  to  2. 

2 to  3 

3 to  4 

4 to  6 

5 to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

*5 

O 

o 

lO 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

85  to’  90 

90  to  95 

o 

o 

r- 1 

O 

LO 

o 

761  28 

11 

4 

6 

6 

61  15 

18 

8 

19 

11  1 

13) 

22 

14 

12 

17| 

16 

19| 

261 

19 

101 

4 

51 

4 

4 

1 

3 

3 

3 

11 

10 

4 

10 

3 1 

4 

1 6 

4 

2 

4 

5 

2 

4 

L.Ssh 

..  . 

.. . 

] 

3 

2 

9 

2 

1... 

I... 

..  . 

|... 

...... 

...... 

...... 

].. . 

1 2| 

3 

...  j...  j... 

(.. . 

' 1. 

..  . 

...... 

...  ...  |... 

1. . . 

...  1... 

. . . 
|... 

i i i. . . 

...... 

. . . 

. | . . . 1 . . . 

1. . . 

...  1... 

|.. . 

I....I 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1... 

1. . . 

...  j... 

|. . . 

1. . . 

i.  . . i.  . . 

1. . . 

. ! 

i...  i. 

1 

... 

.......  1 . . 

...1... 

1. . . 

1...  i . . 

1. . . 

1. . . 

1 

1. . . 

. . . 

. . . 

I...  ... 

...l...i... 

j..  . 

. . . | . . . 

1... 

j...  |... 

|. . . 

i. . . i 

..  . 

. . . 1 

1 ...  1 . 

|...  (... 

.. . i..  . j. . . 

|. . . 

...j... 

1... 

[.. . (..  . 

|.. . 

1. . . 

• . . 1 

. . . 1 . . 

1 2|... 

L .I.Sj 

...  ...1... 

1.  . . 

...1... 

l 

1 

1. . . 

i ...  1 ...  I 

. . . 1 

. . . j . . 

1...  |... 

...... 

.. . 1 

71 

71 

1 3 

5 

3 1 

2 

4 

[. . . 

1 11 

1 il.. .1 

i 

... 

1 

i . . 

...... 

1 

1 

• • • 1 

11 

|. . . 

2 

1.. . 

1 . • 

. i . . 

1...  1... 

..  . 1 

1 1 

!.. . 

..  . 1 

11 

..  1 

21 

2 

11 

. . . 
31 

. . I 

il 

3 

1.. . 1.. . 1 

i. . . i. . . 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

l 

1 1 

...  1 

2 

21 

"il 

1 701  241 

71 

..  . 

■31 

3 

2 

2 1. 

31 

71 

3 

6 

6] 

61 

14 1 

131  101  17| 

22 

19 

10 

4 

....  1..  . 

1 

u 

. . . 1 

1 

1... 

1 . . . . 

■ . 1. 

. . . 1 

...... 

.. . 1 

. . . 1 

!.. . 

...... 

| 

..  . 1 

• • . 1 

2 

21 

2| 

2| 

. 21 

4 

1 

1 

...  1... 

...I...I...I...I... 

|... 

1... 

1... 

L . . 1 

131. . . 

. . Ifflt.A' . i. . . i.A 

|.. . 

.. . i.. . 

i...i... 

. . i . . 

,..  |... 

.. i. i . . 

1 

. . . 
|. . . 

L.  . 1..  . 

. . . i . . 

... i . 

1 

. . . 1 

l 

i 

1 

81 
. 1 

i 

2| 

51 

2) 

31 

. . . 1 

9 

2 

1 

....... 

1 1 

. • • 1 

. . . 1 

11 

2 

2 

i 

U 

.. . 1 

6 

11 

1 

!..  Ihhl.  . 1 

1 

...... 

..  . 1 

..  . 1 

1| 

2 1 

1 

2 

i 

12|  : 

10| 

51 

. . . 1 

2 1 

l 

1 

.. . 1 

21 

...1 

3 

1 

21 

21 

2 

1| 

31 

1| 

31 

4 

2 

l 

. . . 1 

2 

.. . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

... 
1. . . 

. . 1 

. . . 1 

. . 1 

1 1 

1| 

. . . i 

fioi 

1 

. ..1 

. . . 1 

1... 

. . . |. . . 

[.. . |... 

|. . . 

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..  . 1 

. . . i.  . . 1 . . 

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... 

1| 

. . . i. . . i . . i. . . i.. . 

i 

I. 

. . 1 

1 ! 

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. . . 1. . . 1 . . 

lj. . . 

i i i . . i. 

.. . 

i 

. 

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11 

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11 

.. . 

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. . 1 

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. . . 1 

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ii... 

.. . | 

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1. . . 

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1. . . 

1 

11 

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41... 

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1| 

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. . . 1 

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| 

..  . 1 

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11 

.-.  J 

1 

2 ' 

2 1 

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2 

3 1 

2| 

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2 

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2 

. . . 1 

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.. . 1 

. . . 1 

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l 

1| 

11 

..  . 1 

. 1 

. . . 1 

i 

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..  . 1 

..  . 1 

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l 

. . 1 

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..  . | 

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. . . 1 

1 

1 

l 

i 

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. . . i. . . i 

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..  . 1 

.. . 1 

. . . 1 

...  i... 

. . 1..  ;| 

..i. ..i.;.i.. 

...|...i 

..  . 1 

. . . I 

; . i.  i.  i 

.. . 1.. . 

...  i... 

.. . | 

.. . ).. . I 

...1...1...1.. 

...1...1 

..  . 1 

...  1 

...I...I...I. ..!... 

. . . i. . . 

...  i... 

...I...I 

...1...1...1.. 

1 31...  1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1. . . 1. . . |..  . 1.. . 

..  ;|...  j 

j. . . j.. . j . . 

1 241.. ,| 

.. . | 

.. . 1 

..,i. ..i... .j...]... 

.. .)...i 

I...I...I 

..  , 1 

...I 

. . j. . . ].. . L . j. . . 

... 

...i... 

i\ 

...1  31 

5 

8 

3 

2 

11.. .1 

.. . | 

ri 

1 

11 

...  1 

11 

1 

l 

3 

2 

3 

21 

i 21 

1 1 

1 

|...|...| 

...1 

1| 

1 

1 

| 1 

1... 

f.  . 

1 1 1 

| 

|.  f 

I 11... | 

... 

...1 

1 

11 

... 

lj 

11 

l 

2| 

1 1 

2| 

11 

'21 

...I 

...1 

...1 

...1 

. . . i 

. . . i 

. . . i. . . i. . . 

. . . 1. 

. . 1 . 1 

!...!... 

. 1 

...i 

...I...I... 

...1 

...  1 1| 

...I...1 

...I...I...1...1 

...I...I...I.  Ml. 

76 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  3 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Total — All  Causes. 


1379 


Sex 


Social  Condition 


214 


165 


216 


112 


MJ 3 


Nativity 


_ 

193  41 


a 

to 

"3 

o 

fa 

145 

44 

1 


General  Diseases 

1.  Typhoid  Fever 

2.  Malaria  

3.  Small  Pox 

4.  Measles  

5.  Scarlet  Fever 

6.  Whooping  Cough 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

8.  Grippe  

9.  Dysentery  

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

14.  Cancer  

15.  Other  General  Diseases 


1101 

5 


47 


2 1 

3?| 

261 

10| 


17| 

all 

31 


I 2 
I 15 

1 

2 
3 


8 1 
2 1 . - 1 
lj 

5 


17 


21 

4 


16.  Meningitis  

9| 

8 

H 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage. . 

17|| 

121 

1 5 1 

18.  Paralysis  

HI 

1 11 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

1 2711 

15 

1 121 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

1 2|| 

... 

1 2 1 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

1 2711 

15 

1 121 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System  . 

1 HI 

1... 

1 H 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic | 

8|| 

6| 

2| 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho1- Pneumonia  . . . 

1 5011 

28 

1 221 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System  . 

4|| 

3 

11 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs.  . 

I nil 

1 5' 

1 61 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.  . . 1 

1 3|| 

H 

1 21 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions..! 

311 

21 

11 

29.  Peritonitis  1 

4|| 

21 

1 2| 

30.  Appendicitis  i 

HI 

..  .1 

1 H 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . . 1 

18l| 

121 

1 61 

32.  Bright’s  Disease 1 

1 1611 

10| 

6| 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urin.  Sys. 

1 211 

1 

1 H 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 2|| 

... 

1 2| 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 3|| 

..  . 

1 3| 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue..  . | 

1 HI 

..  .1 

1 H 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 211 

..  .! 

1 21 

38.  Hydrocephalus  

1 1 

| 

| | 

39.  Other  Malformations | 

1 2|| 

21 

| ..  . 

40.  Congenital  Debility 

1 3011 

1 20 

1 101 

41.  Senile  Debilitv 1 

1 Till 

21 

1 91 

157 
9 
1 
II 
271 
II 
6| 
...I 
7 1 
361 
21 
111 
3| 
21 
2| 
II 
1 01 
21 

..  .1 
..  .1 
II 
11 

..  .1 


60 


37 


145 

9 


24 


86 


7 8 


16 


27 


1|.. 
141  7 
1|.. 
1|.. 
101  4 
II  1 
..  .1  .. 


II  .. 
2| . . 
• I 


51  3| 
101  4| 
21.. | 
21.. | 
21  ..| 


II  1 

..I.. 


2| 

301 

21 


6|  4|  17 
1 
1 
15 
3 


7|  .. 
311  4 
1].. 
III.. 
31.. 
II  .. 


2 

301 


Violence  . . . 
42.  Suicide 


221 

51 


1181 

I 4| 


414 
II  1 

“sTs 

1|.. 


513 

...!.. 


14 

5 


43.  Accidents  

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined. 


I 171 

I It 


I 141  3 

|...|  1 


HI 


5|  3 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


77 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  February,  1906. 


AGE 


78 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  4 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Sex 


Social  Condition 


Nativity 


• 0 
m a 
. & 


-ALL.  CAUSES. 


4601 


251 


209|  |2511148|  58 


3|  1 2 65 

- 4 1 

II  4 


General  Diseases  

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

2.  Malaria  

3.  Small  Pox  

4.  Measles  

5.  Scarlet  Fever  

6.  Whooping  Cough  

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

8.  Grippe  

9.  Dysentery  

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

13.  Other  Forms  of  Tuberculosis 

14.  Cancer  

15.  Other  General  Diseases 


100 1 
141 


52 1 
9] 


48 1 1 43|  46 1 
5||  5|  9| 


I ...  1 1 
4 I 
1| 

2 1 
3| 
21 

1 


3 1 

46 1 

8 1 

\2I 


2 1 4 1 

111  1| 
111  2 1 

2||  2 

21  ... 

..||... 

I 


2 1 
20 1 
5 


19 1 40 
5|  5 


II  4 1 
|l  II 

I <21 


([...! 


3! 

16| 

51 

2| 

31 


101  20 

U 2 

3 1 7 

..  .1  1 


Local  Diseases  

16.  Meningitis  

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

18.  Paralysis  

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

23.  Bronchitis.  Acute  and  Chronic 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

29.  Peritonitis  

30.  Appendicitis  

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

32.  Bright's  Disease  

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38.  Hydrocephalus  


340!  1182 

nil 

17|| 

Hi 
2011 
511 
33|| 

6|| 

22|| 

86|| 

311 


25||  13| 
2(1  1| 
. . . 1 1 . . . I 
211 ..  .1 
3|  | 

21|| 

14|| 

311 
211 
21 1 
311 
111 
211 


1581  200  93 
3||  10|  ...  | 
S||  1|  11 

...II...I  1 

8||  20 1 . . . 
311  II  3 
14|  | 7|  20 

2||  2|  2 

13||  16|  2 

3711  571  25| 
21!  i|  21 
12||  251 .. .| 

HI. ..I  U 
II  — I ...  I 


II 
9| 
10| 
• •I 
. .1 
. .1 
II 
. .1 
U 


21 1 
21 1 
1211 
4|| 
3!  | 
211 
211 
2M 
111 
111 


I...I 


40.  Congenital  Debility  

| 401  i 

25| 

loll 

9|| 

401  1 

. 1 

39| 

...1 

1 

I . . . 

41.  Senile  Debility  

1 1611 

71 

11 

1 3| 

32| 

1 

15 

Violence  

1 201] 

i.71 

“3TT 

“31 

rsr 

2 

"iT 

7| 

4 

9 

42.  Suicide  

4| 

311, 

5! 

1 

11 

21 

3 

2 

187 

9 

1 

‘20 

1| 

71 

iil 

50| 

II 

231 

... 


431110 


1| 
2| 
II 
. .1 

*9 

1 

2| 


4 
17 

4 

5 

8|  28 

-4. 2 

• •I  2 

. .1 . . 


I...| 


2 

II  1 
6|  7 

II  7 
3 1 . . . 
II  ..  . 
1!  1 
1|... 
11... 


43.  Accidents  . . . 

44.  Other  Causes- 


'll 1 Defined 


I 1311  13! 


§r 

1 1 1 


5|  1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


79 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  March,  1906. 


AGE 


80 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  5 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — all  Causes  

|4<  | 

1 ^b  i 

|ZU4| 

I 24d 1 149 1 <6|  4 1 

1213 

1 89 

169 

General  Diseases  

liol 

62 

| 48 

53 

45 

1 11 

1 H 

481  27 

35 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

12  j 

8 

1 4 

5 

6 

I... 

1 l| 

5 

1 4 

3 

2.  Malaria  

3.  Small  Pox  

71 

3 

4 

7 

7 

1 • • • 

5.  Scarlet  Fever  

2! 

2 

2 

2 

... 

6.  Whooping  Cough  

6| 

1 2 

"4 

6 

6 

|... 

2 1 

| 1 

l i| 

2 

1 2 

1 • • • 

8.  Grippe  *. 

4 | 

1 2 

1 2| 

1 

2 

1 

1 ••  • 

2 

2 

9.  Dysentery  . 

11 

1 1 

I...I 

I... 

1 

1 ••  • 

1... 

1 1 

10  Ofhpr  Dpirlemie  Diseases 

...  1 

| . . . 

1 ! ! 1 

. . . 

... 

1 . . . 

li.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

6| 

1 3 

. . . 

1 3| 

... 

1 2 

3 

1 

]..| 

1 1|... 

5 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

37| 

| 24 

1 13| 

16 

20 

1 

..j 

13 

10 

14 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

81 

1 3 

1 5| 

7 

1 

7 

1 

. . • 

14.  Cancer  

20 

1 9 

1 HI 

2 

11 

“7 

• • ) 

2 

8 

10 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

5 

J 4 

11 

31 

21 

3 

2 

Local  Diseases  

337 

186 

151 

179 

97 

59 

2 

160 

57 

1 

1 fi  Meningitis  

10 

8 

2 

10 

8 

1 

1 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage. 

13 

6 

7 

2 

5 

6 

1 

2 

10 

is  Pqi’alys^s  

1 

1 

1 

1 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

17 

11 

‘*6 

17 

16 

”i 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System..  . | 

8 

3 

5| 

4 

’ *4 

3 

3 

’2 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

1 39| 

23 

16| 

15 

15 

"9 

9 

7 

23 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System! 

71 

3 

4I 

3 

4 

21 

1 2| 

3 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic.  ......  | 

35| 

18 

17| 

21 

6 

* * 7 

‘i 

20 

1 51 

10 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia..  | 

73| 

37 

36| 

40 

22 

11 

••1 

1 35 

1 131 

25 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

U 

1 1| 

. . . | 

1 

..  1 

1 H 
. . . 1 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs.  | 

17| 

1 15 

2| 

17 

.j 

17 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.  1 

3| 

1 2 

H 

1 2 

1 

..1 

2 

"i 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  1 

11 

1 1 

| . . . 

1 

. . 1 

• • . 1 

1 

29.  Peritonitis  I 

3! 

1 2 

| 1 

2 

2 

• • -1 

1 

30.  Appendicitis  1 

6 

1 4 

2 

3 

2 

"i 

2 

2| 

2 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

22  | 

1 13 

9 | 

1 5 

12 

5 

| 

6 

51 

11 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  1 

27  | 

15 

12  | 

I 7 

13 

7| 

..  I 

4I 

81 

15 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.  | 

- 2 1 

1 ..  . 

2|l 

... 

2 

..  .| 

..  I 

11 

1] 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  | 

l1 ! 

11 1 

1 

. . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

i 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases | 

.311 

; ’. ! 

3]  ] 

*.  *.  *.  | 

3 

. . . 
..  .| 

..1 

11 

11 

i- 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.  . 

111 

1 1 

. . . 1 

. . . j 

. . . | 

1| 

• • 1 

• • • 1 

. . . | 

1 

37.  Diseases  of  Cocomotor  System 

i 

i 

1 

| 

1 

38.  Hydrocephalus  1 

39.  Other  Malformations  I 

1 1 1 

ii 

..II 

11 

| 

| 

1 

1 H 

| 

40.  Cengenital  Debility  j 

29|  | 

13 1 

i.61 1 

29| 
..  .1 

. . 1 

1 29| 
• • • 1 

41.  Senile  Debility  1 

1711 

8! 

9 1 1 

. . . 
41 

. . . 
12| 

Hi 

"5| 

‘i2 

Violence  | 

19 1 

4 1 1 

HI 

71 

4I 

ill 

5! 

51 

13 

42.  Suicide  

d ! 

SI  1 

Q 1 

31 

1 1 

. .11..  .1 

11 

6 

43.  Accidents  i 

161  . 

151 

111 

Hi 

""li 

31 

Tm 

1 5! 

4 1 

7 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined | 

HI 

...| 

HI 

...1 

•••I 

H 

• •II 

...1 

...1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


81 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  April,  1906. 


82 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  6 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — Causes | 

418| 

22111971 

23-5|  125 1 

56 

2| 

213 

51| 

154 

General  Diseases  | 

89 1 
4| 

M 00 

411 

3| 

47| 

2 

34 

8 

461 

3 

12 

31 

1 

2.  Malaria  

3.  Small  Pox  

5 

4 

1 

5 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

' i 

9 Tlyspnfpry  

10  other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  . . . 

13  Other  Forms  of  Tuberculosis 

5 

41 

9 

17 

3 

22 

6 

7 

2 

19 

3 

3 

19 

9 

1 

21 

1 

1 

3 

18 

9 

1 

1 

16 

14.  r’nnppr  

10 

2 

10 

5 

2 

"4 

ii 

15.  Oth^r  General  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Local  Diseases  

301 

151 

150 

175 

80 

44 

2 

165 

31 

105 

Ifi  TVTprnnjHfis  

13 

5 

8 

12 

1 

11 

2 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

18.  Paralysis  

13 

3 

10 

7 

5 

1 

‘*2 

11 

19  Convulsions  of  Infants 

20 

15 

5 

18 

2 

19 

1 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

4 

36 

2 

18 

2 

18 

2 

5 

2 

18 

‘i.3 

2 

5 

"3 

“2 

28 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 
23  Bronchitis  Acute  and  Chronic 

6 

21 

3 

11 

3 

10 

1 

15 

2 

2 

3 

4 

1 

15 

"i 

5 

5 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 
OQ  Ppritrm  iti^ 

51 

4 

23 

1 

28 

3 

12 

1 

23 

1 

11 

39 

3 

23 

8 

1 

4 

30 

3 

22 

9 

1 

1 

12 

1 

* i 

1 

* * i 

1 

1 

2 

* * 2 

"i 

‘ ‘i 

2 

SO  Apppndieitis  

4 

2 

"2 

3 

l 

2 

"i 

"i 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

32.  Briarht’s  Disease  

14 

20 

5 

9 

9 

11 

5 

4 

7 

15 

"2 

’i 

4 

5 

2 

4 

8 

11 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

5 

2 

1 

41 

2I 

4 

1 

*’i 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

S5.  OtTipr  Piipvnprn  1 Diseases 

4 

4 

| ’ '3 

4 

'3 

2 

2 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

3 

2 

it 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Qfi  TTvdrncPDhjilnc 

i| 

i i 

1 1 

1 

QQ  Dflim*  n 1 forTYiotioriG 

31 

1 21  1! 

1 ..  . 

I ... 

3 

4-0  Poti  <y  1 1 q 1 lAphilifv 

| 36||  25 
1 1411  2 

I hi 

1 361 ..  . 

1 .. . 

36 

41  fion*  1 n rtohil-Tv 

i 121 

1 

3 

1 10 

'2 

12 

1 281 
81 

I 22 

6 

13 

11 

4 

2 

8 

18 

42.  Sniridp  

7 

1 1 

4 

3 

1 

3 

5 

43  * PflO  r>„ 

1 19 

j 15 

4 

9 

7 

3 

2 

5 

12 

45.  Homocide  

1 1! 

II..  . 

1 11 

| 1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


83 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  May,  1906. 


AGE 


84 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  7 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total 

1 17611591 

1175 

1118 

40 

2 

150 

1 42 

143 

General  Diseases  

86 

44 

42 

38 

41 

7 

27 

1 11 

48 

1. 

6 

3 

3 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2. 

1 . . 

3. 

Small  Pox  

4. 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 . . . 

1| 

1 

1 

1 

6. 

1 I 

1 

1 

1 

2 

j 

i 

1 

2 

2 

1 . . . 

8. 

Grippe  

1 

1 .. . 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

9. 

Dysentery  

i 

1 . . . 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

1 

1 . . . 1 

1 . . . 

11. 

Pn/ulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

21 

1 

1 il 

2 

1 . . . 

2 

12. 

Pu.monary  Tuberculosis  

37 

1 

19 

I 181 

‘i6 

17 

1 

15 

1 6 

16 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

5 

4 

1 11 

3 

2 

31 

... 

2 

14. 

Cancer  

251 

11 

14 

4 

15 

"6 

1 

2 

22 

1 5. 

Other  General  Diseases 

6 

5 

1 

3 

3 

1 

5 

Local 

, Diseases  

228 

115 

113 

1125 

69 

32 

2 

118 

25 

85 

16. 

Meningitis  

7 

1 

4 

3 

1 6 

1 

5 

1 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage. 

14 

4 

10 

1 

5 

8 

3 

11 

18. 

Paralysis  

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

"'onvnlsifi /is  nf  Infants 

12 

1 

* 2 

10 

12 

*i2 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

31 

T 

1 2 

1 

"i 

"i 

1 

1 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

201 

16 

1 4 

3 

11 

6 

3 

3 

14 

22 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

2 

1 

21  ...  | 

1 

1 

2 

23! 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

13! 

7 1 

61 

‘ioj 

l 3 

‘*9 

“i 

3 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

46 

1 

251 

211 

361 

8 

"2 

35 

2 

9 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

3! 

2 

1 11 

1 11 

1 

‘i 

1 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

10 

8 

1 21 

10 

1 . . . 1 

1 0 1 

IIIi 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . 

2 

I 

2 

2 

1 . . . 

11 

i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

7 

I 

11 

61 

11 

6 

2 

1 

4 

29. 

Peritonitis  

2 

1 21 

1 

1 

2 

30. 

Appendicitis  

3 

3 

2 

1 

"3 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

15 

I 

41 

..  . 
Ill 

6 

7 

2 

5 

4 

6 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

21 

121 

91 

6 

13 

1 

'i 

5 

2 

14 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

31 

1! 

21 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

1| 

| l 

I "il 

1 . . . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

41 

11 

1 3 

41 

21 

1 

"i 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

31 

1 3 

1... 

2 1 

"i 

11 

..  .1 

2 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 

1 ..  . 

I .. . 

. . . 1 

..  .1 

38. 

Hydrocephalus  

| 

| 

1 . 

1 

. . . 1 

39. 

Other  Malformations  

3 

1 

1! 

1 21 

I 3 

. . . 1 

3| 

. . . 1 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

99  I 

161 

1 61 

l 22 

::: 

221 

. . . 1 

41. 

Senile  DpHilifv 

111 

31 

81 

1 1 

31 

7 

..  .! 

2! 

' '9 

VIOLENCE  

20 

161 

41 

1 11 

8 

“71 

5I 

6I 

9 

42. 

Snieido  

61 

41 

21 

1 31 

21 

il 

l! 

31 

2 

43. 

Accidents  

14 

191 

91 

81 

61 

41 

31 

7 

44. 

‘'‘Dip"  Pauses — Til  DetVed  ..... 

1! 

11  ..  .1 

1 1 1 

n 

...I.. 

. . .1 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


85 


Sex,- Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  June,  1906. 


AGE 


Under  1 Yr. 

ei 

o 

2 to  3 

3 to  4 

4 to  6 

5 to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

85  to  90 

90  to  95 

95  to  100  1 

87 

11 

.6 

31 

21  111 

31 

12| 

14 

16 

12 

13 

151  121 

151 

211 

101  231  161 

151 

131 

5| 

• / | 

3! 

11 

3 1 

1| 

8 1 

3 

5| 

.. . | 

6 1 

Si 

8| 

. . . | 

3l 

...  | 

41 

4 

i 4 
|. . . 

1 1 1 

"T 

| 

1 

1 

2 

1 

H 

. . . 1 

■ • . 1 

| 

1.  . . 

1 

' 1 

. . 1 

.. . 1 

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86 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  8 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total 

— All  Causes  

[2951 

153 

142 

11471105 

43 

. . 1 

1144 

1 371114 

General  Diseases  

711 

33 

I 38 

1 36| 

26 

9 

61 

11 

23 

1. 

4 

2 

1 2 

3 

I . . . 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2. 

| . . . 

3. 

4 

5 

| . . . 

(L 

2 

2 

2 

| . . . 

2 

7 

1 21 

131 

3 

| . . . 

3 

8*. 

Grippe'  

| . . . 

j 

| . . . 

| . . . | 

| . . . 

| . . . 

. . 1 

9. 

Dvspnterv 

j . . . | 

| . . . 

. . 1 

1 . . . 

10 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

1 . . . 

I 

| . . . | 

| . . . 

. . 1 

1 . . . 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection . . 

1 4 

1 

2 

1 21 

1 3 

1 

1 3 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  1 

36 

1 

17 

19 

16 

17 

”3 

1 21 

‘ ’5 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

! 5 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

3 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer  

1 11 

5 

6 

2 

4 

’ *5 

2 

1 

8 

15. 

Other  Genera]  Diseases 

l 6 

3 

3 

3 

3 

1 

3 

2 

Local 

, Diseases  

To? 

100 

loll 

TO 

68 

30 

101 

24 

77 

16 

Meningitis 

6 

* 

3 

6 

6 

17’. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’ rage.  . . 

18 

7 

111 

2 

11 

5 

3 

” 2 

’ii 

18. 

Paralysis  

1 

11 

1 

1 

19 

Pnn  vnlsirmc:  r>f  Infants  

8 

”5 

31 

”8 

’ *8 

• • • 

2 O'. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

3 

31 

1 21 

1 

“3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

261 

‘i.3 

131 

... 

19 

"7 

1 "i 

5 

’26 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

81 

5 

31 

1 1 

7 

2 

2 

4 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 1 

8 

51 

1 31 

4 

* *4 

3 

1 

4 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

1 18 

1 

10 

81 

13 

"w 

14 

4 

25. 

CYtTiPi*  Di^PAQAQi  T? porni va t*’ v Svst’Pm 

| 

26 

wllltTl  JlJ  I oCuoCo  VJJL  a L .y  UJ  OLCllJ  . 

TAi  n rvVi non  0 ri rl  TTnCpri nndpr  9 vt’9 

1 9(\ 

1 

1 14 

1 121 

26 

::l 

1 26 

27! 

I'ifU  1 uoca  (Uiu  jjiiiciiuo?  uLiuci  u .yio* 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs. . 

1 311 

11 

21 

1 

11 

1 

1 1 

"i 

"i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

1 2 

M 

1 1 

1 11 

1 

1 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis  

1 3 

II 

1 

1 21 

2 

”i 

13 

30 

\ ppprtfl  icifis  

1 511 

11 

41 

21 

3 

1 1 

”i 

' ’ 3 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 1 

1311 

71 

61 

51 

6 

2 

! 5 

8 

32. 

Bright's  Disease  1 

161 

II 

81 

81 

5 1 

71 

4 

1 21 

1 6 

8 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  GenitO’-Urin.  Sys.. 

1 3 

II 

1 

1 21 

..  .1 

3| 

... 

1 . . . 

1 1 

2 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

1 1 

1 1 

1 ..  . 

1 11 

..  .1 

1 11 

1..  . 

1 11 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

36 

TMsgrsg  of  Skin  unci  Cellul&r  Tissue. . 

| ..  .! 

37.' 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 1 

It 

11  ..  .1 

..  .1 

..  .1 

1 1 

1 . . . i 

1 

38. 

F^droc^nhalus 

1 1 

1 

1 11 

11 

1 ii 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 HI 

1 

1 . . . 1 

11 

1 i’ 

..  . 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

1 2211 

131 

I 101 

231 

..  .1 

I ..  .1.  .1 

1 231 

... 

4l! 

Senilp  Debility  . 1 

811 

31 

51 

11 

21 

51..! 

I ..  .1 

1 

”7 

Violence  1 

1 2211 

201 

21 

Jl 

111 

4 1 

..  1 

61 

2 

14 

42. 

Suicide  1 

7 

! 

6| 

11 

. . . 1 

6 1 

11 

. . 1 

1 1 1 

11 

b 

43. 

Accidents  1 

1 Rl  1 

141 

ii 

Jl 

§ 1 

31 

. . 1 

51 

11 

9 

44. 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


87 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  July,  1906. 


AGE 


88 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  9 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OP  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  s.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — All  Causes 

14591 

268 

191 

.1286 

117 

1 53 

3 

1 2o3 

1 511155 

GENERAL  DISEASES  

831 

53 

30 

37 

35 

9 

2 

27 

14 

42 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

1 8 

4 

4 

4 

1 

3 

4 

4 

2.  Malaria  

1 . . . 1 

3.  Small  Pox  

::: 

4.  Measles  

3 1 

3 

3 

3 

5.  Scarlet  Fever  

..  1 

1 ! ! ! 

6.  Whooping  Cough  

2 1 

1 2 

2 

2 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

lj 

1 . . . 

”i 

1 

1 

8.  Grippe  

. . . 1 

I . . . 

9.  Dysentery  

. . . 1 

... 

TO.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases.  . . 

1| 

| 1 

1 

1 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

21 

1 2 

1 

i 

1 

“i 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

301 1 

21 

"9 

1 19 

11 

10 

“8 

12 

13.  Other  Forms  of  Tuberculosis 

411 

1 2 

2 

! 2 

“i 

’i 

2 

3 

1 

3 4.  Cancer  

261 

1 18 

8 

1 2 

’is 

5 

1 

5 

21 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

61 1 

1 3 

3 

1 2 

4 

“3 

3 

Local  Diseases  

3381 1 

182 

156 

12W 

72 

43 

1 

212 

29 

97 

16.  Meningitis  

81 

4 

4 

1 8 

7 

1 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage 

151 

4 

11 

1 2 

4 

9 

1 

3 

’ii 

18.  Paralysis  

1| 

1 

I 

1 

1 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

91 

6 

3 

1 9 

*. .'  1 

9 

20.  Other  Disease^  of  Nervous  System . . . 

51 

4 

1 

1 1 

2 

2 

. .1 

..  .1 

" ; 

”5 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

391 

17 

221 

1 5 

25 

81 

i| 

31 

8 

28 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

2! 

2 

..  . 1 

1 ..  .1 

2 

..  .1 

..  .1 

1 

1 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

51 

1 

41 

1 4| 

1 

4| 

1 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

181 

101 

81 

1 101 

“4 

4 

111 

**7 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System 

5! 

41 

11 

I...I 

4| 

1 

11 

4 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

1 221 

721 

501 

1 122  j 

. . . 1 

1221 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 years 

61 

41 

21 

1 4| 

11 

1 

31 

”i 

"2 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

11 

. . . 1 

1| 

1 . . . 1 

1| 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

29.  Peritonitis  

3! 

11 

21 

1 11 

2| 

..  .1 

11 

2 

30.  Appendicitis  

31 

21 

11 

1 11 

21 

..  .1 

21 

1 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

201 

121 

81 

1 61 

111 

"3 

11 

71 

12 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

111 

51 

61 

! 21 

51 

4 

11 

21 

8 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinar.v  Sys. 

21 

11 

11 

1 ..  .1 

21 

..  .1 

21 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

...  1 

. . . | 

. . . 1 

1 . . . 1 

. . . | 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2' 

...1 

21 

1 ..  .1 

21 

...1 

..  1 

21 

..  .1 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

...  1 

..  .1 

..  .1 

1 ..  .1 

..  .1 

..  .1 

. .1 

..  .1 

. . . 1 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System . . 

...  1 

. . . 1 

...  1 

1 . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 

. 1 

1 

1 

38.  Hydrocephalus  

...  1 

. . . 1 

...  1 

1 .. . j ..  .1 ..  .1 

..ll i 1 

39.  Other  Malformations  

1! 

1 1 

...II 

1| 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

. . 1 

1| 

..  .1 

40.  Cone'pn  itnl  Dphility  

461 

271 

191 

461 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

461 

. . . 1 

41.  Senile  Debilitv  

141 

51 

911 

...j 

51 

91 

r-4 

... 

U 

Violence  

351 

321 

311 

251 

91 

1 

..1 

ih 

7 

15 

42.  Suicide  

41 

41 

..  .11 

4| 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

3 

43.  Accidents  

291 

271 

2ll 

211 

71 

ll 

| 

13 

6 

10 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

31 

1! 

211 

21 

11 

..  .1 

::i 

11 

1 

1 

45.  ITomocide  

2| 

11 

HI 

. ..1 

21 

...1 

..1 

. ..1 

• • .1 

2 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


89 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  August,  1906. 


AGE 


90 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  10 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

"etf 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — All  Causes  

386 

221 

1651 

225 

117 

41 

3 

204 

46 

136 

General  Diseases  

89 

49 

40| 

39 

43 

4 

3 

30 

1 16 

43 

1.  Typhoid  Fewer  

7 

3 

4 

3 

4 

3 

... 

4 

i . . . 

. . . 

L.  . 1 

.. . 
1 . . . 

i • . . 

i . . . i. . . i 

1 . . • 

j 

| 

4 

4 

4 

4 

8 

“6 

2 

8 

8 

9 Dysentery  

10  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

1 3 

| 1| 

2| 

1 3 

3 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

31 

1 201 

ni 

‘i6 

12 

1 

2 

13 

8 

10 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

3 

21 

i| 

1 

2 

1 

2 

14.  Cancer  

25 

10| 

151 

3 

19 

’*3 

1 

6 

‘is 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

8 

71 

11 

1 4 

3 

‘i 

8 

Local  Diseases  

274 

1531 

121| 

11741 

64 

36 

169 

27 

78 

10  Mpninjntis  

7 

5 1 

2 

1 7 

6 

1 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.. 

151 

111 

4| 

1 2| 

7 

6| 

... 

2 

4 

”9 

18  Paralysis  

1 . . . 1 

! . . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

. . 1 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 1 

1 12| 

1 7| 

5| 

1 12| 

... 

1... 

I..I 

1 12! 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System... 

5 

4 

1 

1 

3 

1 1 

2 

*3 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

21 

15 

6 

7 

11 

3 

6 

“3 

12 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

7 

3 

4 

4 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

23.  Bronchitis.  Acute  and  Chronic 

8 

4 

4 

3 

1 

4 

2| 

1 

5 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 

12 

5 

7 

7 

4 

1 

71 

5 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  Sys... 

31 

2 

11 

3 

"2 

1 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

771 

39 

38  77 

77 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs..l 

14!  | 

71 

7 

1 2 

6 

6 

3 

"i 

‘io 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

11 

1 11 

. . . i 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

29.  Peritonitis  1 

211 

1| 

ii 

... 

2 

"i 

"i 

30.  Appendicitis  1 

811 

2| 

ill 

1 

21 

V.l\ 

2 

1 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 1 

1711 

111 

6|| 

81 

6 

3| 

io 

7 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  1 

121 1 

71 

511 

4| 

6 

2| 

2 

’ ‘4 

6 

33.  Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Ur inary  Sys. 

511 

21 

31 

2 

3 

• ! 

1 

3 

1 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

311 

..  .1 

31 

3 

1 

2 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

211 

...1 

21 

2 

1 

1 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 1 1 

. . . 1 

111 

i 

] 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System ! 

211 

..  .1 

2|| 

l 

1| 

“2 

38.  Hydrocephalus  1 

...II 

. . . 1 

...II 

. . . 1 

39.  Other  Malformations  1 

111 

11 

i| 

. . . i . . 

1| 

40.  Con  e’en  ital  Debility  1 

341 1 

211 

'is\ ! 

34| 

. . . i . . 

321 
..  .1 

2 

41.  Senile  Debility  1 

10|  1 

51 

511 

..  .1 

3 

71  . . 1 i 

1 

“9 

Violence  . . . . | 

29  1 1 

191 

311 

121 

10 

. . . 1 

. . i 

51 

3| 

i4 

42.  Suicide  1 

511 

41 

1 1 1 

31 

2 

. . . 1. 

..ii 

. . . 1 

21 

3 

43.  Accidents  1 

161  1 

141 

21! 

8 

8 

..ii 

5i 

11 

10 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 1 

111 

...1 

Ill 

"i 

..ll 

• • .1 

1 

45.  Homocide  1 

HI 

11 

...II 

"i 

..n 

..  .1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


91 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  September,  190,6. 


AGE 


92 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  11 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — All  Causes  

350 

171 

179 

152 

129 

67 

2 

149 

36 

165 

General  Diseases  

81 

42 

39 

32 

39 

10 

33 

8 

40 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

8 

6 

2 

3 

4 

1 

5 

1 

2 

2. 

3. 

4. 

6. 

3 

1 

2 

3 

..  1 

2 

1 

9 

1 5 

4 

9 

9 

8. 

..  .1 

9. 

Dysentery  

. . . j 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

. . . | 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection . . 

1 3! 

2 

1 

1 2 

1 ... 

1 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

351 

19 

16 

1 11 

21! 

1 3 

12 

2 

21 

13. 

Other  Forms  of  Tuberculosis 

21 

1 

1 

1 2 

2 

14. 

Cancer  

19| 

8 

11 

1 2 

12 

5 

2 

”3 

’i.4 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

21 

2 

I... 

1 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases  

2461 

109 

1371 

1110 

78 

56 

2 

106 

27 

113 

16. 

Meningitis  

71 

4 

31 

1 6 

1 

6 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

181 

6 

12 

1 

8 

’ *8 

'i 

1 

”4 

13 

18. 

Paralysis  

1| 

1| 

1 

1 

19 

Convulsions  of  Infants . . 

141 

7 

7] 

141 

14 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

61 

51 

11 

1 31 

31 

21 

"i 

*3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease  

251 

14! 

111 

1 7| 

121 

”6 

51 

6 

14 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

31 

2! 

11 

1 11 

11 

1 

11 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

161 

4! 

121 

1 81 

11 

7 

61 

10 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

29| 

13| 

161 

1 131 

HI 

51 

91 

“7 

13 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

41 

21 

21 

1 31 

...1 

11 

21 

2 

26 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 vrs. 

181 

81 

101 

I 181 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

181 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

41 

21 

21 

1 11 

21 

11 

21 

"2 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

11 
. . 1 

. . . 1 

1| 

1 . . . 1 

11 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

09 

Peritonitis 

. . 1 

. . . 1 

1 . . . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

...  1 ...  1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

61 

41 

21 

! 11 

41 

11 

31 

21 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

231 

121 

ill 

1 71 

121 

41 

81 

l! 

14 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

191 

111 

81 

41 

121 

31 

31 

31 

13 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

71 

31 

41 

I...I 

41 

31 

31 

..  .1 

4 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  . 

1 1 

. . . 1 

11 

1 . . . 1 

1| 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

1 

35 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

11 

| 

1 1 

1 . . . 1 

1| 

. . . 1 

...  1 ...  1 

1 

36’. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

..  .1 

37 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  Svstem 

. . 1 

. . . 1 

...  1 1 ...  1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

. . . 1 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

I 

I 

. . 1 1 . . . 1 

...  1 ...  1 

...  1 ...  1 

39. 

Malformations  

1 

. . 1 

...  II  ...  1 

...  1 ...  1 

1 . . 1 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

231 

81 

loll  231 

. . . 1 . . . 1 

231 

1 

41 

Senile  Debilitv  

201 

4! 

1611  ..  .1 

41 

151 

11 

. . .1 

31 

17 

Violence  

23| 

- 201 

31 

1 101 

121 

ll 

10I 

11 

12 

42. 

Suicide  , 

31 

31 

.. .11  21 

11 

31 

43. 

Accidents  

19I 

16 1 

3| 

1 8 1 

10! 

1| 

61 

11 

"l2 

44. 

45! 

Homocide  

11 

11 

...1 

I...I 

11.. .1 

. . 1 

11  ..  .1  ..  . 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


93 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  October,  1906. 


AGE 


94 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  12 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  s.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — all  Causes  

1 371 1 

1209 

162 

1180 

129 

58 

4 

163 

63 

145 

General  Diseases  

1 90| 

46 

44 

44 

38 

8 

37 

20 

33 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

1 8| 

6 

2 

1 

6 

1 

3 

1 

4 

2. 

| . . . | 

3. 

Small  Pox  

1 • . . 

4. 

1 . . . 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever 

3 

2 

1 1 

2 

1 

. . 1 

2 

1 

6. 

4 

2 

2 

4 

4 

12 

6 

61 

12 

8 

3 

i 

8. 

Grippe  

9. 

Dysentery  

10. 

Other  Fipidemie  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection . . 

6 

2 

4 

4 

2 

3 

2 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

29 

14 

15 

16 

12 

"i 

13 

6 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  <rf  Tuberculosis 

4 

1 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer  

21 

11 

10 

16 

5 

6 

15 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 

2 

1 

’*2 

1 

"2 

1 

Local 

. Diseases  

256 

142 

114 

126 

80 

48 

2 

123 

36 

97 

16. 

Meningitis  

7 

2 

5 

6 

1 

6 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage. 

19 

10 

9 

1 

8 

10 

1 

3 

'is 

18. 

Paralysis  

3 

3 

2 

1 

2| 

1 1 

19. 

Convulsions  nf  Infants 

16 

4 

12 

16 

i.6 

1 . . . 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System... 

5 

3 

2 

1 

3 

1 

. . . 
2 

3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

27 

15 

12 

5 

16 

6 

“3 

6 

18 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

5 

4 

1 

1 

4 

1 1 

2 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

17 

6 

11 

6 

4 

"6 

’i 

5 

2 

10 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia . . 

401 

22 

18 

1 21 

12 

6 

i 

21 

6 

13 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  System. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

18 

11 

7 

is 

18 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

2 

2 

1 1 

1 

1 

‘ 'i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. . 

4 

4 

21 

2 

2 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis  

2 

1 

”i 

1] 

”i 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

6 

6 

5| 

1 

3 

"2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

15 

7 

' *8 

2! 

7 

"g 

31 

3 

9 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

14 

71 

1 7 

11 

91 

4 

hv 

! ...i 

4 

10 

33. 

Other  Diseases  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

. . . 1 

1 . . . 

1 ..  . 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  . 

1 

| 

1 1 

1 

1 . . . 1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

3 

... 

3 

31 

1 

2 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

3 

1 ' '31 

2 

11 

3 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

2 

| 2' 

L ! 

..  .1 

11 

”i 

"2 

38. 

Hydrocephalus  

| . 

. . . 1 

1 ! ! ! 1 

39. 

Other  Malformations  

4 

! 31 

| l 

1 4| 

4| 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  ...  

33 

! 24 

1 9 

1 331 

• • . 

L 

1 331 

41. 

Senile  Debilitv  1 

! 8 

1 2I 

1 6 

2 

6 

l...l 

"i| 

' '7 

Violence  1 

25 

1 211 

4! 

! 10! 

11 

2 

2 

1 31 

7j 

15 

42. 

Suicide  

1 6 

I 61 

I...I 

1 21 

4 

1! 

ll 

4 

43. 

Accidents  I 

19 

1 151 

4 1 

1 8| 

7 

2 

2 

2l 

6 

11 

44. 

Other  Causes — Ill-Defined  

1..  .1 

I...I 

I. ..1 

• • 1 

1 11 

..  .1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


95 


Sex,  Social  Conditions,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  November,  1906. 


AGE 


96 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  13 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total 

— all  Causes 1 

! 168 

.601 

11591 

1181 

49 

2 

1151 

41 

136 

General  Diseases  

70|  | 

331 

1 371 

1 32 

27 

10 

1 

| 28 

1 15 

27 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

12 

1 

1 6 

1 6 

1 4 

7 

1 

1 6 

1 3 

3 

2. 

1 

| . . . 

| . . . 

1 . . . 

3. 

...  1 

i . . • 

......... 

4. 

...  1 

| . . . 

1 . . . l . . . 1 . . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i ii . . . 1 

6. 

1 1 

1 

| 1 

1 11 ...  1 

7. 

9 

| 

5 

' ’i 

1 8 

1 

1 8 

1 11 

8. 

Grippe  

1 

. . . 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

t . . . 

9. 

Dvspnterv 

...  1 

. . . 1 

1 . . . 

I .. . 1 . . .1  ..  . 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

_ 1 

. . . 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

n! 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection... 

3 

1 

1 2 

11 

1 21 

1 

..1 

... 

1 21 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

20 

II 

10 

101 

1 9| 

7| 

"3 

11 

1 71 

1 61 

7 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

1 21 

21 

1 1 

1 11 

... 

. . 1 

1 21  ...  1 

14. 

Cancer  1 

18 

6 

121 

4 

8] 

6 

3 

1 2 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 1 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

Local  Diseases 

235 

115 

120 

116 

81 1 

37 

1 

115 

1 221 

98 

16. 

Meningitis  

8 

4 

1 4 1 

7 

1 

6 

11 

I 1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hemorrhage. 

14 

7 

1 71 

1 

111 

2 

31  ...  1 

11 

18. 

Paralysis  

2 

1 

2 

1 ..  .1 

1 

1 11 

1 

I . . . 

1 1 

19 

Convulsions  of  Infnnts  , 

171 

9 

1 81 
I...I 

| 17 

... 

17 

[...-■I 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

1 31 

3 

3 

... 

..1 

1 ..  . 

1 11 

2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 1 

43 

1 

22 

1 211 

1 ’ ’7 

251 

10 

11 

1 9 

71 

27 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

41 

2 

1 2| 

1 1 

21 

1 

..  1 

1 1 

1 11 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

15 

1 

51 

1 101 

1 8 

21 

5 

i 7 

1 . . . 1 

8 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-rneumonia  . . 

401 

22 

1 181 

1 24 

91 

7 

! 19 

1 71 

14 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’.v  System. 

5 

1 

3 

1 2| 

1 1 

31 

1 1 

1 . . . 

1 11 

1 4 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

19 

3 

1 161 

1 18 

11 

1 18 

1 . . . 

1 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

2 

i 

1 21 

1 1 

1 11 

1 1 

1 . . . ' 

1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. . 

21 

1 21 

1 1 

1 1 

1 ..  . 

1 

1 1 

1 . . . 

1 1 

29. 

30 

Appendicitis 

11 

1 

1 ..  .1 

| 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . - 

..  1 

1 11  . . . 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

121 

7 

1 5| 

1 31 

1 71 

1 2 

..1 

1 3 

1 31 

6 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

9 

1 

5 

1 41 

1 21 

6 

1 

. . 1 

1 31  ...  1 

1 6 

33. 

Other  Dis'ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

1 

1 

1 

1 . . . 1 

1 

1 . . . 

. . 1 

1 . . . 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

2 

1 

..  . 

1 21 

2 

1 . . . 

. . 1 

11  . . . 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

1 

1 21 

2 

1 . . . 

. . 1 

1 . . . 

! I 

1 1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue... 

3 

1 

1 31 

\ ' 3 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

. . 1 

1 3 

1 . . . 

... 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

2 

1 

' ‘i 

1 11 

1 1 

1 1 

. . 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 1 

1 2 

38. 

qq 

Hydroceohalus  

1 

1 

l 

..  .1 

1 1 

1::: 

::! 

1 1 

1 ••  -1 

1 . . • 

on. 

40. 

(tpui  i "fn  1 Pphilitv 

201 

14 

1 61 

1 20 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

. . 1 

! 201  . . . 

1 . . . 

4l! 

Senile  Debilitv  

8! 

3 

51 

1 1 

7 

1 ..  . 

1 ..  .1 

8 

Violence  

231 

20 

! 3! 

1 11 

1 10 

1 2 

.. 

d 81  4 

11 

42. 

Suicide  

5 

1 

3 

1 2] 

1 3 

1 2 

1 . . . 

. . : 

1 21  21 

! 1 

43. 

44. 

Accidents  

181 

17 

1 TT 

) 8 

1 8 

2 

.. 

1 6 

1 2 

1 10 
1 . 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


97 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  December,  1900. 


AGE 


98 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  14. — Showing  by  Wards  the  Estimated  Population, 

of  the  More  Important 


Wards 


9700 

1 

1 79 

8.04 

9 

1 

10100 

1 

1 122 

1 

112.08 

28 

Third  • 

5600 

1 

1 112 

20.00 

31 

18 

11200 

1 105 

9.39 

19 

6 

Fifth  

10500 

1 167 

14 . 90 

36 

9 

Sixth  

14500 

1 

1 177 

12.20 

34 

12 

Seventh  

7400 

82 

11.08 

7 

3 

Eighth  

11400 

146 

12.80 

28 

15 

Ninth  

19800 

195 

9.85 

36 

18 

Tenth  

18700 

1 198 

10.58 

40 

1 16 ! 

Eleventh  

27900 

1 309 

111.08 

os! 

40 

Twelfth  1 

15000 

! 191 

12.73 

1 • 

1 66 

23 

Thirteenth  1 

• j 

22000 

1 

2391 

10.861 

1 

85 

20 

Fourteenth  ! 

25700 

478 

18.60 

238 

73 

I 

Fifteenth  1 

14600 

134 

9.31 

25 

9 

Sixteenth  I 

11500 

124 

1 

10.77 

20 

1 | 

9 

Seventeenth  j 

12800 

176 

13.75 

1 59 

1 

15 

1 

Eighteenth  1 

i 

178001 

181110.171 

571 

1 

8I 

Nineteenth  j 

188001 

1351 

i 

9.78! 

31| 

,7I 

Twentieth  

225001 

999  1 

9.871 

631 

29! 

Twenty-first  ! 

165001 

196111.901 

73! 

21! 

1 

Twenty-second  1 

i 

1 

1 

1491 

1 

9.731 

I 

42 1 

I 

Ill 

1 

Twenty-third  .. ! 

i 

| 

107001 

1071 

j 

| 

10.001 

311 

1 

Hospitals  1 

1 

1 

608! 

1 

1 

1 

1 °S  j 

341 

1 

1 

Total 

1 

I | 

1 345000146321 
! 1 

! 1261 i 

1 1 

1 

4211 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


99 


Total  Deaths,  Annual  Death  Rate  and  Number  of  Deaths  from  some 
Causes,  for  the  Year  1905. 


CAUSE  OE  DEATH. 

WARDS. 

Typhoid  Fever 

Measles 

Scarlet  Fever 

Whooping  Cough 

Diphtheria 

Small  Pox 

Tubercular  Diseases 

Cancer 

Nervous  System 

Circulatory  System 

1 Bronchitis 

Pneumonia 

Nephritis 

Diarrhoea!  under  5 
years 

Violence 

1 1 
11 

1 

2 

2 

... 

2 1 ■ * * 

91 

5|' 

1 

71 

13| 

4 1 

81 

2 1 

1 

4| 

I 

l! 

i 

.. 

... 

1 

2lr. 

131 

4, 

161 

181 

H 

11 

81 

1 

9| 

1 

91. 

21 

| 

1 

1 

...I... 

101 

6| 

121 

61 

15 

16l 

9 

1 

8 

7|  . 

1 

Third 

...  | 

1 

| 

15 

10 

3_2 1 

19 

5 

10 1 

6 

6 

6 

Fourth 

1 

4 1 

g 

1 

111 

9, 

18 1 

14 

6 

1 

20 1 

10 

1 

15 1 

1 

17 1 

Fifth 

1 

2| 

. . 1 

. . . 1 

...... 

al... 

301 

42, 

I 

28| 

1 

14 1 

7 

1 

16 1 

15 

1 

8| 

1 

9 

1 

21 

■ 1 
. . 1 

1 

...  I 

... 

. . . 1 

J...! 

1 

71 

1 

31 

el 

91 

i 

9) 

3 

4!1 

201 

Seventh 

1 

4|  . 

1 

. .1 

1 

1 

1 

1 ! 

..  .1 ..  .1 

1 

151 

1 

111 

1 

ail 

1 

16 ! 
1 

61 

19! 

1 

6 

tI 

1 

1 

41  . 

I 

Eighth 

7 1 
1 

11 

1 

el . . . 

1 

23 

131 

33! 

I 

22 

1 

6 

20 

7 

7 

1 

8 

2I  . 

1 

1 

2 

91... 

26 

1 

14! 

1 

22 

| 

261 

1 

7 

181 

1 

13 

1 

10 

31  . 

1 

Tenth 

51 

1 

4 

I 

’ I 

1 

7 1 . . . 
1 

371 

10! 

38 1 

23 1 

18 

42 1 

6 

31 

81 

1 

1 

61 

9 

1 

1 

1 

| 6... 

161 

1 

61 

1 

21 

101 

l 

11 

271 

1 

8 

231 

81 

1 

Twelfth 

1 

5 1 
1 

2 

O 

9 

. . . 1 . . . 

I 

1 

251 

1 

121 

1 

251 

1 

9"  1 

| 

111 

331 

1 

51 

| 

301 

41  . 
1 

Thirteenth 

10I 

1 

4 

... 

3 

61  ..  . 
1 

34| 

l 

101 

1 

49| 

301 

1 

211 

65| 

1 

71 

| 

99 1 

1 

10! . 

1 

Fourteenth 

1 

“ 1 ' 

... 

1 

1!  ..  . 

1 

16 1 

1 

91 

1 

17| 

1 

191 

1 

41 

91 

1 

7 

91 

1 

1 

41  . 

I 

Fifteenth 

21  . 
1 

... 

... 

1 

1|... 

1 

81 

1 

71 

15 

l 

211 

1 

11 

17 

11 

31 

1 

1 

51  . 

I 

Sixteenth 

l 

21 

1 

1 

... 

2 

21  ..  . 

1 

1 

151 

1 

41 

l 

1 

251 

1 

131 

41 

211 

41 

21! 

1 

1 

171  . 
1 

61 

1 

1 

4 

11  . . . 
1 

22 1 

*"*"  l 

101 

1 

19 ! 

| 

23! 

1 

4 

| 

201 

1 

6 

101 

1 

101  . 
1 

Eighteenth 

31 

1 

1 

2 

31 

241 

1 

101 

1 

141 

HI 

1 

..  .1 

251 

1 

81 

31 

| 

41  . 
1 

2| 

41  . . . 

321 

10| 

| 

301 

19| 

11 

25! 

8! 

201 

91  . 

Twentieth 

1 

21 

1 

2 

... 

4 

1 

21  . . . 
I 

1 

231 

1 

1 

81 

l 

' 1 
291 

l 

1 

121 

l 

7 

1 

191 

l 

8 

1 

131 

l 

i 

81  . 
l 

Twenty-first 

1 

5l 

5 

31  . . . 

1 

231 

41 

171 

181 

61 

211 

5 

1 

6! 

31  . 

Twentv-second 

5! 

1 

... 

1 

A. 

1 

1 

41 

1 

3|' 

1 

1 

171 

1 

I 

91 

1 

51 

I 

121 

1 

31 

1 

91 

1 

1 

31  . 
1 

Twenty-third 

181 

1 

5 

3 

9 

1 

51 . . 
'1 

341 

1 

401 

1 

42! 

! 

421 

1 

15 

511 

1 

27 

3811081 
1 1 

Hospitals 

1 

981 

I 

34 

11 

30 

! 

1 

651 .. . 
1 1 

1 1 1 1 1 1 
472 1 234 1 531 1 426 1 183 1 530 1 200 

'll!!!.! 

I 1 

491 1282! 

1 1 

Total 

100 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  15. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Number  of  Deaths  Occurring  in  the  Various 
Public  and  Private  Institutions,  Hospitals,  Reformatories, 

Etc.,  for  the  Year  1906. 


HOSPITALS. 

January. 

1 February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

i 

p 

September. 

October. 

November. 

t* 

O) 

.a 

a 

a> 

8 

P 

St.  Josephs  

6 

5 

1 

5 

3 

3 

2 

5 

4 

8 

4 

1 

Home  for  Aged,  2000  Wells 

3 

2 

4 

2 

1 

1 

8 

4 

3 

2 

3 

1 

2 

Milwaukee  

9 

6 

14 

4 

7 

6 

7 

7 

10 

41 

10 

St.  Marys  

Pt 

3 

2 

4 

7 

2 

3 

4 

3 

3 

4 

Mt.  Sinai  

3 

i 

... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

2 

5 

1 

1 

1 

Emergency  

8 

1 

1 

1 7I 

1 8 

1 3 

1 5 

1 6 

1 8 

1 7 

t 

14 

4 

1 7 

1 

I 

St.  Vincents  

1 

' 15 ' 

1 5 

5 

6 

3 

1 6 

1 

1 ! 

1 6 

I 

1 5 

2 

11 

1 

Lake  Side  

1 3 

1 31 

1 2 

2 

1 

| . . . 

1 

1 

1 2 

1 

Trinity  

si 

1 

1 6 

6 

10 

5 

4 

6 

8 

5 

7 

8 

Tost  Graduate  

1 1 

1 

1 . . . 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

Knowlton  

1 

1 21 
l 

l 

1 31 

l 

I 

ll 

1 

1 5 

2 

21 

1 

1 2 

2 

2 

5 

2 

3 

| 

Others  

| 1 

1 2 

I-  . . 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

41 

1 

. . . 1 

3 

i 

House  of  Correction 

1 

1 11 

1 

1) 

1 

11  . . . 

1 

1 

21 

1 

1 

1 

Children's  

1 

1 2 

1 

1 21 

1 

21 

1 

1 ..  . 

2 

1 

21 

1 2 

10 

6 

4 

1 

1! 

Notre  Dame  

1 1 

1 1 

1 

1 2 

... 

...1 

1 

. . . i 

2 

1 

Infants'  Home  

,.J 

, 2! 

1 

1 6 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

4] 

2 

2 

l 

11 

1 

H.  D.  Hospital 

1 . . . 

1 1! 

' 

1 

1 . . .! 

I 1 

1 

1 

1 

21 

1 

Wis.  Industrial  School  for  Girls.  ..  . 

1..  1 

1 

1 

I 1 

1 . . . 

l 

Hanover  

I.J 

sl 

4I 

3 

3 

2 

1 

21 

a 

. . . 

1 

21 

1 

1 

Children's  

1 

! . . . 

I...1 

1 

1 . . . 

| . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

| 

1 

1 

Riverside  

I.J 

( | 

1 

1 

1 

| l 

1 . . . 

| 1 

1 

I 1 

1 . . . 

■" 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

House  of  Mercy 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

I 1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

! 

1 

| l 

1 

1 

Sacred  Heart  . 

I.J 

1 

. . . 

,.J 

I.J 

1 . .». 

| 

I l 

*"i 
. . J 

1 

1 

1 1 1 

1 

1 

1 ' 

l 

Total 

1 

1 631 

1 

1 

1 461 
1 

1 

551 

1 

1 

441 

1 

42 

1 

451 

1 

41 

1 

651 

1 

651 

1 

' 

51 

1 

431 

1 

46 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


101 


TABLE  No.  16. 

Showing  the  Nativity  of  those  Dying  in  the  City  During  1906. 


UNITED 


STATES. 


FOREIGN. 


Milwaukee  

Wisconsin  other  than  Milwaukee.  .. 

New  York  

Illinois  

Pennsylvania  

Massachusetts  

Michigan  

Ohio  

Vermont  

Indiana  

New  Jersey  

Kentucky  

Iowa  

Maine  

Missouri  

Minnesota  

Virginia  

Maryland  

Louisiana  

Kansas  

California  

New  Hampshire  

Connecticut  

South  Dakota  

Rhode  Island  

Alabama  

Nebraska  

West  Virginia  

Montana  

Mississippi  

Long  Island  

Texas  

Arkansas  

District  Columbia  

South  Carolina  

Colorado  

U.  S.,  unknown  and  not  stated 


2.199 

303 

105 

43 

21 

20 

31 

17 


3 

11 

8 

8 

8 

6 

4 
1 
1 
1 
1 

10 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

28 


Total 


2,860 


Germany  

Poland  

Ireland  

England  

Bohemia  

Norway  

Austria  

Canada  

Holland  

Russia  

Scotland  

Italy  

Switzerland  . . . 

Sweden  

Wales  

New  Brunswick 

Syria  

Roumania  .... 

Denmark  

France  

Spain  

Nova  Scotia  . . 

Bavaria  

Greece  

Atlantic  Ocean 
Unknown  

Total  

Grand  total 


1,077 

200 

124 

50 

34 

34 
57 

35 
16 
25 
16 

7 

11 

12 

9 

3 

3 

1 

8 
3 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 

40 


1,772 


4,632 


102 


ANNUAL  REiPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No,  17. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Disposition  in  the  Various  Cemeteries  and 
Otherwise,  of  the  Bodies  of  Those  for  Whom  Burial  or 
Removal  Permits  were  Issued  During  the 
Year  1906. 


Cemeteries 

Etc. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Permits  for 
Still  Births. 

Permits  for  bodies 
brought  to  city. 

Grand  Total. 

1 

Union  

1 

1 8ol 

itV 

1 83' 

1 

1 96 

1 

1 891 
1 

i 

671 

| 

1 

531 

1 

99 

1 

74 

1 

1 79 

I 73 

1 

54 

1 

9211 

91 

145 

1157 

1 

Forest  Home  . . 

1 63 

53 

54 

67 

51 

1 

401 

33 

! 

| 

37 

54 

| 

50 

63 

51 

616 

27 

171 

814 

, 

For.  Home  Cr. . 

1 2 

3 

5 

4 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

6 

33 

3 

10 

46 

Calvary  

1 91 

86 

129 

134 

108 

871 

731114 

i 

91 

74 

84 

821 

1153 

83 

29 

1265 

Polish  Union..  ^ 

1 47| 

1 60 

71 

l 

1 50 

1 53 

r 

391 

I 

49 

97 

65 

60 

1 

1 53 

521 
| | 

| 

1 696 

| 

53 

1 

2 1 

, 751 

Pilg.  Rest 

1 28 

1 35 

37 

I 

1 34 

1 281 

291 

l 

21 

30 

1 

28 

1 23 

1 

] 22 

1 201 
| 

t 335 

l | 

31 

11 

377 

Wand.  Rest.... 

1 

1 13 

l 

1 15 

I 

20' 

I 

1 11 

1 27 

1 

1 

171 

16 

21 

1 16 

1 

1 15 

1 25 

1 

1 201 
1 | 

1 216 

| | 

1 20 

10 

246 

1 

Trinity  

8 

1 

1 10 

13 

l 

1 7 

101 

l 

81 

7 

1 

8 

10 

8 

7 

1 

1 71 
1 | 

1 1031 
1 | 

4 

3 

110 

Greenwood  .... 

1 j1 

1 

1 l1 

2 

1 

i 1 

31 

4 

: 

I 

2 

j 

2 

1 

1 i 

i 

I...I 

i i 

1 18 
1 | 

! 2 

5 

25 

Spring:  Hill. . . . 

1 4 

| 9 

1 

1 . . . 

| 1 

1 

1 

2 

] 

2 

1 

2 

1 1121 

1 18 

1 .. . 

2 

20 

Second  Home . . 

| 1 

1 , 

| 

2 

5 

1 4 

11 

1 

! 

6 

2 

' 

1 

1 

1 2 

1 1 

1.  ..1 

i i 

1 26 

1 

1 6 
i 

1 

33 

County  Farm . . 

! 2 

1 2 

1 1 

l i 

1 4 

i 

1 4| 

| 

'1 

i 

51 

15 

I 6 

1 61  l! 

1 511  15 

i 

11 

67 

Outside  Milw.. 

1 39 

38 

1 

1 43 

i 

1 57 
1 

1 35 
1 

i 

1 

33 1 
1 

j 

301 

29 

35 

1 

1 34 

I 27 

1 32 

i 

4321 

1 10 

i 

18 

460 

| 

Anat.  Purp .... 

1 1 

1 2 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 ..  . 

1 

1 1 

i 

i 

21 

1 

i 

1 

1... 

1 

1 ..  . 

1 

1 ( 1 

141  2 

1 

... 

1 

i 16 

I 

Total 

I 

1380 

1 

^0 

CD 

4*.  1 

Si 

! ' 1 

1471 14181335 

1 1 I 

1 

. 1 295 
1 

1 

J 

1 

4591386 

J 

I ! ! 

1350 1371 1328 

1 I 1 1 

4632 

1 

1 

1347 

1 1 

408 

! 

1 5387 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


103? 


TABLE!  No.  18. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Occupation  of  Those  Dying  in  the  City 
During  1906. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

1 

1 | 

1 

1 | 

1 

l] 

1 

• • • 1 

1 

| . . . 

1 

1 . . • 

1 1 

1 • • • 

1 

3 

1 

Agent  I 

1 

...1 

1 

11 

| 

1 

2 1 

~ | 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 2 

! 

2 

1 

15 

Architect  | 

. . . |. 

1| 

1 

. . . 1 

1 • • • 

1 

i 

Artist  | 

1 

..  . | 

• • • 1 

( 

1 

1 

1 

Baker  1 

lj 

xl 

1 

■ • . 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

..  .1 

I 10 

Bandigast  1 

1 

. . . 1 

. . . i 

1 

Barber  1 

. . . 

1 

.. . 1 

i 

ii 

2\ 

1 

1 

...' 

I 

| l' 

1 

1 • • • 

i . . . 

1 

1 • • . 

i . . . 

1 

I 

| ..J 

6 

1 

Bartender  1 

. 

1 

...1 

1 

i 

i 

,1 

1 

I 11 

••• 

i 

i i 

i 

| 

I-..I 

1 

• i 

i i 

i 

L.l 

I • . . 

5 

Bell  Boy  I 

1| 

. . . 1 

. . . i 

... 

1 

..  . 

[...] 

1 

i... 

|..J 

... 

2 

1 

Blacksmith  1 

1 

lj 

3 1 

i 

2| 

1 

1 

2| 

1 

lj 

1 

1| 

1 

1| 

i 

2 

1 

31 

i 

1 

l 

2 

19 

1 

Boiler  Maker 1 

. . • 1 

. . • 1 

. . . |. 

...  l 

1 H 

2 

I...I 

3 

! 

Bookbinder  1 

• 1 

11 

. . . 1 

1 

11 

. . . 1 

1 

. • • 1 

I...1 

:...' 

1 

. . . 1 

3 

Bottle  Washer  1 

. . . | . 

..  . 

... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. . . 

1 

1 

Bookkeeper  1 

...1 

J. 

1 

. . . |. 

...  i 

1 | 

4 

2 

1 

1 9 

1 

Box  Maker  

..  . 

1 

. . . 1 

• I 

• • • 1 

H 

• • • 1 

...1 

1 

• • • 1 

1 

. . . 1 

'"I 

. . . i 

1 

1 

Brakeman  1 

1 

1| 

1 

. . . 1 

...1 

I...I 

i...| 

1 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

. . . i 

1 

1 

Brewer  1 

... 

1 

2| 

1 

1 

21 

ii 

>1 

1 

...1 

11 

1 

1 

2| 

9 

1 

2 

1 

2) 

1 15 

Bricklayer  . . . 
Bridge  Builder 
Bridge  Tender 
Broom  Maker  . 
Brush  Maker  . 

Butcher  

Cabinet  Maker 

Call  Boy  

Candy  Maker  . 
Can  Maker  . . . 
Carpenter 
Car  Builder  . . 
Case  Maker  . . 
Caulker  


1 


...I  2j 


I ...  I 


I I I I 


I I 


I 1! 

.... 


I I 


H H 2| 


1 2 


I I I 
I... I... I 


II. ..I. 


I I 


I I 

81  51  1 


I 

1| 

...  j ...  I 


...|. 


I I 


■I-' 

I ...  I 


I I I 


I l.l 

1 I 4 1 5|  5|  3 


II.. .1... 

..L.l  ! 

I I 


2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

15 

2 

1 

1 

2 

50 

1 

1 


1 


104 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

1 

. . . | 

.'J, 

1 

1 

• . . 1 

1 1 

...  1 ...  1 

1 

. . . | 

1 

1 

1 

Cigar  Maker  1 

2 

11 

s| 

1 

2 

1 

3| 

1 

...1 

1 

3| 

1 

1 

21 

I 

1 

11 

I 

1| 

19 

Clerk  1 

7 

9 

41 

1 

4| 

5 

1 

11 

1 

1 

c| 

51 

1 

4| 

I 

4 

4 

3 

56 

... 

...1 

.. . 

... 

.. . 

l 11 

. . . 

| 1 

\ 

1 

1| 

1 

. . . | 

... 

1 1 1 
. . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

! 

1 

1 

l] 

1 

• • • 1 

1 

1 

. . . | 

i 

1 1 

....] 

1...! 

...... 

! 

3 

Commercial  Traveler  ! 

o 

1 

l 

2 1 

1 

■ 1 
21 
1 

1 

21 

1 

1] 

2| 

I 

...! 

1 

1 

1 

11 

1 

I 

15 

1 

1 

. . . | 

..  . | 

. . . | 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

| . . . I 

1 

2J 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

x! 

.. 1 

1 

1 

1 

| 

I ..... . 

1 2| 

6 

1 

...1 

iL. 

i 

J 

1 . . . 

1 

1 . . . 1 . . . 

| . . .1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 1 • 1 

. . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

I . . . 

1 

1 

| . . . j 

1 

1 1'  1 1 1 

Onnlr  1 ...  1 ...  I ..  . 

1 

. . . 1 

...! 

2! 

1 2 

j 4 

1 

Cooper  1 

■ 

1 

11 

1 

1 

11 

1 

11 

1 

21 

| 

il 

xj 

1... 

I 2 

1 

! 11 
[ 

1 11 

1 

Council  “German”  . 

1 

1 

. . . | 

1 

1 

. . . | 

1 

Tlpntist  1 

i 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1. . . 

1 

. 1 . . 1 . . . 

| .....  . 

2 

Detective 

...! 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I . . . 

1 1 

1 

| .-.  . | . . . 

. . . 

1 

1 11 

2 

Draughtsman 

i 

. . . i 

1 

2 

. 

1 

1.. . 

1 1 

1 1 ' 1 1 . . . 

I i 

1 . . . | . . . 

1 I 

1 . . . 1 

4 

Deliverv  Bov  1 

i 

"l 

1 

1. . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 1 

1 1 
1 . . . 1 . . . 

! 1 

I . . . | 

1 1 

Dress  Maker  1 

1 

...i 

i 

1 

2 

l 

1 

... 

1 

1 

2 

1... 

[ 

! 

1 1 

1 

1 1 

1 . . . ! 
I 1 

1 

6 

1 

Decorator  1 

..  . 

1 

l 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

1 2 

I...I 

2 

Druggist  1 

i 

i 

i 

. 

1 

1..  . 

I...L.L, 

!... 

1 

1 1 
| ..  J 

1 2 

Editor  I 

i 

i. . . 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

i . . . i . . . i . . . 

... 

1 1 
| . . . | 

| 1 

Electrician  

2i 

i 

21  1 

1 

1 ii . . . 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

. . . l . . . 

1 1 
| ..  .| 

8 

Elevator  Man  

i 

1 1 

i.:.1 

1 1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

. . . I . . . 

| | 

i ..  .1 

1 

1 3 

Engineer  

o 

o 

i 

i 1 

i 

1 

i 

i i 

i 

1 2 
1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

3 

1 1 
1 2! 
1 1 

1 19 

Express  Driver  1 

i 

i 1 ... 

... 

I . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 1 
1 . . . | 

t 2 

Farmer  1 

o 

2 

i 

i 1 

i 

i 

'1  2 
| 

1 1 1 

; 1 1 1 1 1 8 

1 1 1 

2 

2 

3 

1 I 
1 11 

1 28 

Finisher  1 

i 

1 

I . . . 

1 

1 .. . 

2 

2 

1 1 

I . . . | 

1 4 

Fireman  ' 

... 

1 

l 

1 

1 21 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 . . . 
1 

2 

1 

I | 

1 21 
1 | 

1 9 

Fisherman  ' 

i 

i 

i 

l.  . . 

... 

| . . . | 

I 1 

Flagman  1 

1 9 

! 

1..  . 

1 

1.  . . 

1 1 1 

1 . . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

1 1 

. . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

I I 
1 1 1 

1 

! 3 

Florist  1 

" 

1 

I 1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 t 

1 11... 

1 1 

. . . 1 . . . 1 . . . 

1 1 
| . . . 1 

1 

1 3 

Foreman  or  Woman 1 

1 

1 

1 1 

_! 

1 

' J 

1 

O 

J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I . . . 
1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

l | 

1 ..  .1 
1 1 

! 

1 6 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


105 


TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

F-i 

crj 

s 

March. 

April. 

Ma„ 

June. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

! i| 

1 

. . . i 

1 

. . . | 

1 

1| 

1 

i 

j . . . | . . . 

i 

1 . . • 

1 1 ! 

1 . ..!...  1 ..  . 

1 1 
| 3 

1 

j 3 

1 

1 . . . 1 

l 

. . i 

I 

. . 1 

I 

• • 1 

1 

I ; 

i . . . i . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 1 

1 11 
1 1 

1 . . . 1 

1 

| . . . 

j 1 

1 

1 . . . 1 

1 

i 

1 

3! 

1 

1 

• • 1 

i 

i . . . i . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

| 1 

1 

I 1 1 

1 

. . . i 

I 

. . . 1 

1 

I- 

i . . . i . . . 

1 

1 • • • 

1 

I . . . | . . . 

| 1 

1 

1 . . . 1 

1 

. . . i 

1 

. . . | 

1 

. . . | 

1 

i . . . i . . . 

1 . 

1 1 

I . . . | . . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 . . . 1 

l 

. . . i 

1 

1| 

1 

• . . 1 

! 

1 1 

1 . . .1  . . . 

1 

1 

2| 

l 

. . . i 

1 

1 | 

! 

1 

1 1 
1 2 

1 

1 

I 

7 

Hod  Carrier  

1 

1 . . . 1 

I 

. . . i 

1 

. . . | 

. . . | 

! 

!...!• 

1 . . . 

1 ! 

1 H 

1 

...1 

1 

• • • 1 

... 

1 

Hotel  Keeper  

l 

...i 

1 

...1 

1 

11 

1 

... 

! 

..  .1 

1 

1 ..  . 

1 

..  .1 

In 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

! 

i 

. . . | 

. . . t 

. . . 1 

... 

...  | 

. . . 1 

1 • • • 

1 . . . 1 

. . . 1 

l 

...  i i 

House  Keeper  

1 

671 

i 

671 

1 

1 1 
72|  80| 

i i 

1 

711 

1 

■ 1 

65 1 

45 

| 

1 57 

1 

1 1 
! 51| 
1 

1 

711 

1 

58 

i 

64| 

1 

! 768 

31 

1 

. . . 1 

. . | 

. . . | 

1 

..  . | 

... 

. . . | 

1 . . . 

1 ..  .1 

. . . 1 

. . . | 

1 

Inspector  

1 

1 

. . . | 

1 

. . . |. 

1 

. . . | 

1 

l| 

1 

H 

1 

1 

i.J 

i i ! 

l 

21 

4 

1 

Insurance  Agent  

1 

| . . . | 

1 

. . . | 

1 

. . . |. 

1 

■ • I 

1 

l 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

. . . 1 

1] 

1 

. . . | 

2 

1 

Iron  Worker  

1 

...  | 

1 

2| 

1 

. . . | 

1 

2| 

1 1 
J:::i 

1 • • 

1 

2 j 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

. . . 1 

7 

Janitor  

1 

1| 

1 

. . . | 

1 

3|. 

1 

. . . 1. 

1 

. . . | 

I . . 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1| 

3 

Jeweler  

1 

1| 

■ 

11 

1 

. . . 1 

f 

. . . 1 . . 1 

il 

3 

Journalist  

1 

ME  i 

1 

. . . 1 

... 

1 

. . . 1 

1 . 

. . . I . . 

.,!.  .1 

21 

2 

Knitter  

! 1 f 1 

. . !...!..  1 1 

1 

. . . 1 . . 

. . 1 

I 

| 

1 

! 

. . . 1 

1 

Laborer  I 

1 

29! 

1 

1 

261 

1 

1 1 

32!  43  1 24 

1 

27 1 

1 

23 

33 

1 

321 

i 

1 

381 

29 

24! 

358 

Lake  Captain  

1 

1 

. 1 . 

i 

. . . 1. 

1 

. . 1. 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

. . . 1 

...1 

1 

Lather  

1 1 1 1 

......  1 ...  1...  1 . 

1 

1 

I 

1 

| 

1 

1 

j 

1 

Laundryman  

1 1 1 1 

.........  1 1 

1 

| 

1 

| 

1 

| 

“ 'l 

1 

1 

Laundress  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

...  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

' * ' 1 

! 

1 

Lawyer  

i'j 
...  | 

1 

1! 

1 

11. 

1 

. . 1. 

1 

. . 1 

1 

| 

1 

1 1 

l l 

] 

ii 

1 

1 

4 

Letter  Carrier  

1 

. . . 1 . 

1 

, . . 1 . 

1 

. . 1. 

i 

1 

1 

I 

I 

1 

j 

2 

3 

Lineman  

I 

...  1 

1 

. . . 1 . 

1 

. . 1 

1 

. . 1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

2 

‘ ' ' 1 

1 

2 

Lumberman  

. . . 1 . 

1 

, . . I 

1 

] | 

. . 1 

1 

1 

1| 

1 

1| 

'"1 

1 

3 

Machinist  1 

j 

1 

21 

1 

1 

11 

1 

1 

41 

1 

31 

I 

O 

i 

. 1 

3 

1 

31 

1 

41 

K 

H 

30 

Maltster  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. . . ! 

2 

1 

I 

1 

| 

1 

1 

3 

Manager  1 

1 

. • 1 

1 

. . 1 . 

1 

. . ! 

1 

O 1 

i 

l 

1 1 

1 

9| 

I 

l 

1 

I 

1 

l 

K 

Manufacturer  i 

1 

. . 1 

1 

1 

i It 

T 

1 

9| 

1 

' ' ‘l 

“l 

| 

! 

21 

1 

1 

31 

i 

| 

1 

1 

» 9 

HI 

Marsh  HI  United  States.  i 

1 

l 

1 

. J 

! 

i 

i 

1 

1 

“ ' 1 
1 

] 

Mason  i 

[L: &A  1 

1 

1 

1 

11 

1 

1 

11 

i 

3'. 

1 

"l 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

' I 

I 

. . . 1 

1 

31 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 1 

1 

30 

106 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 

TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


107 


OCCUPATION. 


Restaurant  Keeper  

. . | 

1 

1. 

1 

1 

• • 1. 

| . . . 

j 1 
1 . . . 

1 1 

1 

1 . - . 

Revenue  Inspector  

|..li  J 

..1. 

1 

| . . . 

1 . . . 

... 

1 

Railroad  Man  

L. 

i 

. . i , 

1 

|. 

1 

• • I- 

1 X 

1 

1 . . . 

L. 

1 

1 . . . 

.. . 

1 

Sailor  

1 1 

1 H 

i 

v 

2 

| 

1 

i 

1 

21 

I 

il  i 

! 

1 

1 3 

1 

2 

... 

2 

1 

1 

... 

Saddler  

... 

... 

1 

I 

. . 1. 

1 

1 • • • 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

Sail  Maker  

I...1, 

i 

H. 

i 

..  . 

1 

| 

1 

• • |. 

... 

1... 

| . . . 

... 

1 

1 . . . 

Salesman  

1 l| 

I 

11 

| 

l 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Saloon  Keeper  

1 3| 

4| 

3|. 

51  . 
| 

5 

2 

1 

[ 

2 

3 

3 

1 

Sausage  Maker  

| ...  | 

. . | . 

i 

I 

1 • • 

1 

1 • • 

School  Bov  or  Girl 

I i| 

t 

2I 

1 

..  . 

1 

3 

1 

! 

4 

| 1 

1 1 

2 

1 

4 

Seamstress  

1 1 

I...I 

1 1 

-.1. 

1 

1 

21. 

* * 1 

1 1 

I... 

... 

1 

| 

1 1 

1 

Secretary  

| ...  | 

. . . | 

I 

1 L 

. . |. 

1 

1 • . . 

1 • • . 

| 

1 

I 

Sexton  

1 1 

| ...  | 

1 

. . . | . 

1 

i. 

J,. 

! 

, X1 

1 . . 

.. 

1 

f 

| 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

...1 

Servant  

| l . 

1 

• • 1 

s 

1 

21 

l 

I X1 
1 

1 . . . 

X1 

1 . . 

1 

| 

j 

11 

1 

Ship  Builder  

1 1 . 

1 

. . 1 . 

1 

1. 

1 

. . 1 

1 

l 

I 

1 

Shipping  Clerk  

1 1 

J 

L 

i 

1 

..  1 
i 

1 

i 

1 

,.J 

1 .. . 

1 

1 2 

1 

I 

Shingler  

1 ...  11 

...  . 

1 

I...1 

I...1 

1 

| ^ 

Shoemaker  

| 2| 

1 

1| 

ll 

1 

H 

1 

. . |. 

1 

21 

5! 

X1 

1 1 
| 

3 

1 

3|| 

11 

Sister  of  Charitv 

1 1 

| ...  | . 

1 

. .1. 

1 

1 

• • 1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

Steam  Fitter  

1 1 

| ...  | . 

1 

• • 1 

1 

11. 

1 

. . 1 

1 

1| 

1 

1 2' 

! 

1 1 

I 

HI 

Statue  Maker  

J,. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 ! 

1 1 

Stenographer  

1 

• - 1 

1 

11 

1 

. . | 

1 

l! 

1 

• • 1 

1 

11 

1 

. 1 

| 

1 

1 

Stone  Cutter  



1 

1| 

1 

31. 

1 

• • |. 

1 

| 

1 

I 

II 

1 

1 

Stevedore  

L.l. 

I 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 . . . 1 
■”! 

Student  * 

...1 

1 1 

1 

1| 

1 

11 

1 

11. 

‘•I 

1 

1 

3 

2 

hi 

Steam  Fitter  



i 

1 

1 

11 

1 

Steward  

Ji. 

1 

1 

1 

1|. 

1 

• • 1 

1 

1 

Survevor  

"1 

1 

11 

..  1 

1 

. I 

[.  1 

...[ 

1 

Superintendent  

u. 

1 ‘ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

f 

2 

1 

Switchman  . 

! x! 

1 

1! 

1 

..U 

I 

1 

..  .j 

1 1 

Tailor  

1 I 

I | 

11  • 

a! 

1 

2! 

1 

1 

5 

2 

. . . 

i 1 

1 

hi 

Tanner  .... 

21  . 

I 

1 

11 

1 

1 

21 

1 

11 

1 

I 

| 

21 

11 

1 

... 

1 

M 

1 1 

Taxidermist  .... 

1 I 

I 

il 

1 

..  1 

“I 

1 

j 

.. .! 

11 

3 

1 

1 

15 

1 

1 

11 

32 

1 

20 

6 

1 

2 

9 

3 

4 
1 

20 

2 

5 

1 

6 
6 
1 

11 

1 

1 

1 


10 


2 


108 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


109 


BIRTHS,  1906 


Table  Showing  Reported  Births,  as  to  Color,  Sex  and  by  Whom 
Reported,  by  Months. 


COLOR.  SEX. 
REPORTED. 

January. 

February.  j 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

White  

1 

1748 

1 

|545 

1 

1 

i 

|748 

1 1 
634|661 

711 

1 

763|631 

843 

678 

816 

8480 

N egro  

1 

| . . . 

| 1 

I . . . 

1 1 1 

2 

1 . . . 

1 

6 

Mongolian  

1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

. . . 

1 

... 

...' 

1 • 

| . . . 

1 

1 

Male  

1 1 

1 I I 1 

1336 1380 |334 1362 

1 

1367 

374! 

1 

1 303 

! 

|420 

I 

1380 

410 

4311 

Female  

1 

| 

1287136613691301 

i i i i i 

1 299 1 346 

389 

1328 

423 

|300' 

406 

4176 

Physician  

| 

|296 

1 

13281413  346' 

359 

1 409 

393 

354 

| 

442 

1360 

374 

4456 

Midwife  

1 

1 

1250 

i 

1374 

i 

1 336 1 289 1 301 1 303 

370 

1 

1277 

400 

3191 

441 

4026 

Father  

1 

I-  . 

l 

1 • • 

1 

| . . . 

| 1 

1 

| 

1 

| 

| 1 

1 

4 

Mother  1 1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 • • 

1 • • 

i l' 

, 1 

| 

1 

1 1 

1 

... 

1 

1 ! 

1 1 

! 

1 

1 

1 

Total 

1 ' 1 
17481546 

1 

1702 

! | i 

17491635 

1661 

1 1 

1713 

1 1 I I 

7631 6311 84316801 816 

8487 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I | 

1 1 

1 

] 

1 

1 

II 

110 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Nativity  of  Father. 


BIRTHPLACE. 


U 

(V 

& 

U 

QJ 

& 

u 

a i 

JD 

Januar 

C3 

g 

.q 

£ 

March. 

April. 

1 May. 
1 

June. 

July. 

August 

s 

<u 

ft 
a > 
C/2 

Octobe 

Q 

o 

► 

O 

s 

CJ 

Q 

Milwaukee  

Wis.  outside  of  Milwaukee 
Others  of  United  States . . 

Germany  

Other  European  Countries 
Not  Stated  

Total 


107 1104 1130 1 147 

1 1 

1331189 

i 

1141  11571 

1031  68|  861118 

106 

02 

1 98|  961 

61 | 54 | 481  91 

69 

79 

1 94 1 97 

227 | 183 |260 1236 

183 

■ i 

1205 

|214|247 

1 1 1 

236 '127 |163  145 

135 

134 

154 | 155 

| | | 

14 | 10 | 6|  12 

1 1 1 

l 

91 

12 

1 121  11 

III  1 1 

748 1546 1702 1740 16351 

~l 

661 

— 1 — i 

71317631 

I I 


SI  108 1 80  90  11141 


73)1041  62 

I 


84H  916 

II 


i I I 


216 1 274 1 209 1 276 1 12730 

I I I II 

128 1 163 1 188 1 227  M 1955 

I I I II 

S|  111  01  111!  125 

I [ 1 IL_ 

i i i ii 

631I843I68DI816.  18487 

I I I II 


Nativity  of  Mother. 


BIRTHPLACE. 


Milwaukee  

! 1 i 

. . ‘111! 132 1165 

1 II  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

1 SR  1701179  1 R7  1 SO  1111  1 Oil  11(17  117*11  t 00*30 

Wis.  outside  of 
Others  of  United 

Milwaukee . . 
! States 

1 1 1 

.11261  611106 

. . 1 71 1 831  63 

1 1 1 1 1 

1471106  071  9611171  98 

' 

82 | 68!  85 | 101  92!  92 
1 1 1 ! 1 • 

190 1 162 1 187 1 2101220 1 190 
1 1 1 1 1 

133 1118 1117 1134 1141!  97 
1 1 | 1 1 

21  21  31  51  41  3 

I 1 1 1 1 

1 I 1 

135 1 101 1 123 ! 1 1313 
1 II 

107!  601  9311  097 
1 1 II 

251 '18112271  12422 
1 1 II 

1371 1691 1991 11679 

1 1 II 

21  21  2i|  44 

1 1 II 

Germany  

Other  European 
Not  Stated  . . . . 

Countries . . . 

1 1 1 

. . 1202 1169 1224 
1 1 1 

.12071  931134 

1 1 1 1 

.1  ii  si  ml 

1 1 1 1 

Total 

1 1 1 1 
1 7481546' 70° 1 

1 I 1 I | 1 1 1 II 

7 -to  I Ran  RR1  1 71  a 1 7R0  1 R-31  I Cl*>  ' RCA!  Cl  R 1 I CJ.C7 

1 1 1 1 

1 1 1 1 1 1 

1 1 II 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


Ill 


Births  Reported  by  Wards,  for  the  Year  1906. 


WARDS. 


First  

1 

| 11 

7 

1 

1 14 

11 

1 

5 

13 

1 

5 

11 

8 

| 

10 

11 

Second  

| 16 

14 

1 17 

18 

22 

19 

19 

28 

10 

oo 

99 

Third  

1 

1 43 

2 

10 

8 

1 4 

6 

22 

17 

12 

11 

1 

13 

Fourth  

1 21 

1 

16 

21 

14 

10 

14 

19 

15 

10 

13 

21 

Fifth  

12 

12 

18 

l 17 

1 

17 

12 

18 

8 

11 

17 

35 

i 

Sixth  

1 251 

| 1 

1 

15| 

1 

30 

i 

271 

19 

34 

14 

27 

26 

28 

1 

251 

Seventh  

j 8| 

H 

10| 

l| 

4 

4 

4 

2 

2 

1 

8 

4 

Eighth  

1 22| 

| 1 

9| 

20  S 

26 

16 

21 

28 

17 

13 

17 

20 

Ninth  

1 25! 

1 1 

26 

39 1 

43| 

331 

21 

28 

| 49 

30 

46 

36 

Tenth  

1 32| 

1 1 

27| 

29| 

l 

38| 

1 

27| 

27 

13 

25 

| 

23 

41 

1 

32 

Eleventh  

1 601 

| | 

60 1 
1 

58 1 

l 

72 1 

58| 

63 

1 961 

102 

1 71| 

79 

1 61 

Twelfth  

1 38| 

31 1 
1 

40 

I 

2e| 

28 

1 

28 

i 

51 

52 

37| 

33 

34 

Thirteenth  

1 38| 

1 | 

35| 

34| 

49 

411 

41l 

I 

36 

40 

231 

52 

1 

43! 

Fourteenth  

1 1 

11201 

| | 

4- 

h-1 

O 

_Ot 

o 

801 

1 

82| 

75 

| 

73 

8111291 

911 

Fifteenth  

1 | 

19| 

| 

24 1 

i 

22 1 
i 

28| 

1 

23 

24| 

1 

24 

27 

26| 

12 

Sixteenth  

1 17l 

91 

1 

12| 

27| 

I 

14| 

1 

14 

17| 

1 

161 

15 

18| 

1 

311 

Seventeenth  

i 28| 

1 1 

24| 

181 

211 

I 

29| 

181 

22 1 

261 

39 1 

281 

| 

321 

Eighteenth  

1 321 

1 | 

1 

1 

46| 

1 

35| 

33| 

421 

1 

411 

1 

501 

20 1 

421 

30 1 

Nineteenth  

1 

..  .:...i  26i 

20 1 

1 

22 1 
I 

271 

1 

40| 

30 1 

i 

34| 

i 

1 

24| 

i 

27 1 

1 

35 1 

1 

211 

Twentieth  

1 35 1 

1 1 

401 

461 

1 

521 

I 

521 

721 

i 

55 1 

451 

1 

34 1. 

451 

381 

Twentv-first  

1 35| 

l i 

35| 

1 

40| 

1 

42| 

i 

| 

331 

1 

I 

321 

1 

341 

52| 

43| 

1 

561 

29  i 

Twenty-second  

25,' 

1 

| 

30| 

I 

» 

25| 

1 

1 

181 

29| 

I 

1 

53| 

1 

371 

Twenty-third  

1 161 

I 1 

151 

1 

101 

181 

241 

171 

I 

301 

1 

281 

1 1 
141 

271 

261 

Not  Stated  

1 311 

31 

121 

. | 

211 

1 

41 

1 

31 

101 

sj 

1 

181 

1 

71 

16 1 

11 


24 

20 

20 

26 

5II 

131 ! 

I 

41] 

39! 

J 

29 


191 


117 

232 

172 

194 
177 
296 

56 

222 

417 

353 

839 

427 

490 

1118 

274 

195 
320 


551 


Total 


.17481 546 1 702 1 749 1 635 1 661  ! 7 

I II  ' II  I 


_J_J_  I I _ I II 

I I I I'  I II 

1317631 63 1 1 843 1 6801 8" 61  1 8487 

I I I I I II 


MARRIAGES,  1906 


312 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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REPORT 

OF 

CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR. 


REPORT  OF  CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR 


G.  A.  Boding j M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir  : — I have  the  honor  to  submit  for  your  Anunal  Keport  the  fol- 
lowing detailed  statement  of  the  work  performed  by  the  sanitary  in- 
spectors from  April  10th  to  December  31st,  1906. 

The  inspectors  have  made  27,245  reports,  including  citizens’  com- 
plaints and  reinspections. 

Based  on  the  inspectors’  reports,  the  Department  has  issued  6,991 
written  orders.  Some  of  these  containing  more  than  one  provision, 
brings  the  total  of  actual  orders  issued  up  to  8,362. 

The  rigid  enforcement  of  the  ordinance  relating  to  cow  stables  has 
caused  most  of  them  to  be  removed  beyond  the  city  limits.  All  stables 
in  the  County  of  Milwaukee  from  which  milk  is  shipped  to  the  city  have 
been  inspected  by  a milk  and  food  inspector,  to  see  that  all  of  the  cows 
were  healthy  and  that  the  sanitary  condition  was  such  as  to  insure  a clean 
and  wholesome  product.  Also  many  dairies  beyond  the  county  have  been 
inspected  at  the  mutual  request  of  the  owner  and  dealer,  who  wished 
to  receive  the  suggestions  of  the  Department.  We  also  gave  them  copies 
of  the  Dairy  Buies  issued  by  the  United  States  Agricultural  Department. 

The  meat  and  food  inspectors  have  confiscated  287  calves  weighing 
9,838  pounds,  and  valued  at  $854.46 ; 25,605  pounds  of  meat  and  fish, 
and  12,919  pounds  of  nuts,  fruits  and  vegetables. 

There  were  four  glandered  horses  killed,  and  their  carcasses  dis- 
posed of,  under  the  supervision  of  this  Department;  also  one  tubercular 
cow  was  killed,  the  hide  disinfected,  and  the  remainder  of  the  carcass 
tanked. 

The  inspectors  carefully  watch  where  all  ice  cut  within  and  near  the 
city  is  being  stored,  as  some  of  the  waters  from  which  ice  is  harvested 
are  dangerously  contaminated.  The  ordinance  permits  the  cutting  of 
this  ice,  to  be  used  for  cooling  purposes  only,  but  requires  that  it  be 
stored  in  separate  houses  from  ice  used  for  domestic  purposes. 

The  house  to  house  inspection  by  sub-districts  has  been  continued. 

All  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever  funerals  have  been  attended  bv  an 
inspector,  who  saw  that  they  were  strictly  private. 

The  ordinance  prohibiting  the  building  of  new,  and  providing  for 


116 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


the  removing  of  old,  privy  vaults  is  being  enforced  as  rapidly  as  practi- 
cable. 

In  the  later  part  of  October,  while  searching  the  homes  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  University  Settlement,  a literary'  and  athletic  society  of  the 
12th  Ward,  two  of  whose  members  had  small-pox,  the  inspectors  found 
several  recovered  cases  among  the  pupils  of  St.  Stanislaus  school.  As 
a result  of  these  exposures,  up  to  December  31st  we  found  161  active 
cases,  mostly  from  this  school,  only  six  or  seven  of  which  were  reported 
by  physicians.  The  entire  school  was  vaccinated  (over  1*3-00  pupils), 
and  the  school  closed  for  one  week.  Upon  reopening,  all  upon  whom 
the  vaccination  had  not  “taken”  were  re- vaccinated.  Several  house  to 
house  canvasses  of  all  school  patrons  were  made.  All  houses  where  we 
found  recovered  cases  were  thoroughly  fumigated,  and  the  epidemic  sup- 
pressed. 

During  the  year,  9,618  persons  were  vaccinated  by  the  physicians  of 
the  Health  Department,  Most  of  these  were  made  before  the  epidemic  of 
small-pox  broke  out,  being  a systematic  canvass  of  all  the  schools  of  the 
city.  At  each  school,  every  child  was  vaccinated  whose  parents  would 
permit  such  vaccination,  except  such  children  as  had  been  successfully 
vaccinated  previously,  within  seven  years.  This  was  the  most  complete 
vaccination  of  the  school  children  of  the  city  ever  made  in  Milwaukee, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  this  contributed  materially  to  preventing 
a serious  epidemic. 

SANITARY  INSPECTION  DISTRICTS. 

101  Sidney  G.  Hartwell,  6th  ward,  13th  ward  south  of  Wright  street  and 
east  of  3d  street,  and  21st  ward  east  of  3d  street. 

102  Albert  Fuchs,  5th  ward  and  south  side  plumbing. 

103  Harry  Kiehl,  laboratory  and  milk  inspections. 

104  Ferdinand  Mack,  Jr.,  disinfections. 

105  J.  F.  Cunningham,  laboratory  and  milk  inspections. 

106  Edward  Seaman,  1st,  7th  and  18th  wards. 

108  P.  H.  McHugh,  10th  and  15th  wards. 

109  John  Mahkorn,  8th  and  23d  wards,  and  11th  ward  west  ol  6th  avenue 
and  north  of  Mitchell  street. 

110  C.  F.  Kruckenberg,  20th  ward,  13th  and  21st  wards,  north  of  Wright 
street  and  north  of  3d  street. 

111  Jacob  H.  Schultz,  special  detective  work  and  hospitals. 

112  John  J,  Houlehen,  12th  ward  and  14th  and  11th  wards  south  of  Lincoln 
and  east  of  6th  avenue. 

113  John  Campbell,  11th  and  14th  wards,  south  of  Mitchell  street  and  west 
of  6th  avenue. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


117 


114  F.  Michalak,  14th  and  17th  wards,  east  of  6th  avenue  and  south  of 
Lincoln  avenue. 

115  J.  M.  Calligan,  3d  and  4th  wards. 

116  Oscar  Klein,  9th,  19th  and  22d  wards. 

117  Jos.  Derfus,  2d  and  16th  wards,  and  east  and  west  side  plumbing. 

DISTRICTS  FOR  THE  INSPECTION  OF  MEAT,  FOODS, 
FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

121  F.  J.  Carney,  slaughter  houses,  4th,  5th,  8th,  15th,  16th  and  23d  wards. 

122  Edward  F.  Allee,  2d,  6th,  9th,  10th,  13th,  19th,  20th  and  21st  wards. 

123  Phil.  Stock,  commission  houses  and  1st,  3d,  7th  and  18th  wards. 

124  George  F.  Eisner,  11th,  12th,  14th  and  17th  wards. 


ORDERS. 

Orders  were  issued  by  this  Department  as  follows : 

Orders  pertaining  to  bakeries,  cleaning,  repairing,  etc 28 

Orders  pertaining  to  meat  markets  and  fish  markets,  cleaning,  repair- 
ing, etc 18 

Orders  pertaining  to  barns  and  dairies,  cleaning,  repairing,  etc 47 

Orders  pertaining  to  plumbing 1,816 

Orders  pertaining  to  vaults  and  urinals 2,520 

Orders  to  cease  committing  nuisance 108 

Orders  pertaining  to  garbage  and  manure  nuisances 2,549 

Miscellaneous  orders  1,276 


Total  orders  issued  8,362 


Respectfully  submitted. 

T.  H.  CURTIS, 
Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 


118 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CLERICAL  WORK  OF  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT. 

Years  1902  to  1906. 


ORDERS. 

1 

1 

1902 

1 

1903 

1 1904 

1905 

1906 

Complaints  

5322 

6647 

6316 

6410 

7800 

General  Orders  

27301 

I 3420 

1 3665 

4050 

5076 

Vault  Orders  1 

1999 

2582 

1 

2140 

1813 

1578 

Sewer  Orders  . 

204 

561 

1 446 

497 

337 

Calls  

955 

168 1 

1753 

1802 

1447 

Letters  

530 

740 

643 

Total 

1 

11210 

1 1 

14891 

14850 

1 

15312 

17081 

Signed, 

GEO.  E.  ADAMS, 


Chief  Clerk . 


REPORT 


OF 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  I).,  Commissioner'  of  Health: 

Sir: — I beg  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated  for 
smali-pox  at  Isolation  Hospital  No.  1,  18th  Avenue  and  Mitchell  Street, 
for  the  year  1906. 

Respectfully  sumitted, 

ELLEN  HUME, 

Matron. 


122 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL 
NO.  1 FOR  THE  YEAR  1906. 

Number  of  patients  admitted  to  hospital 187 

Number  of  relatives  admitted  to  hospital 2G 

Number  of  patients  never  vaccinated 159 

Number  of  patients  not  successfully  vaccinated 15 

Number  of  patients  successfully  vaccinated 13 

Number  of  Deaths 

Number  of  patients  under  15  years. 128 

Number  of  patients  between  15  and  25  years 2o 

Number  of  patients  between  25  and  50  years 32 

Number  of  patients  over  50  years 2 

Number  of  female  patients 78 

Number  of  Male  patients 109 

Number  of  days  of  treatment 2,224 

Number  of  patients  during  each  month. 

January  3 

February  0 

March  3 

April  7 

May  . 1 

June  4 

July  2 

August  1 

September  0 

October  17 

November  29 

December  120 

Respectfully, 

ELLEN  HUME. 

Matron. 


REPORT 


OF 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 


G.  A.  Fading M.  1).,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir: — I beg  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  2,  102-104  Seventh  Street,  for  the  year  190(5. 

Respectfully  sumitted, 

ADA  E.  STRAUB, 

Matron. 


126 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL 
NO.  2 FOR  THE  YEAR  1906. 


Diphtheria.  Scarlatina.  Measles.  Erysipelas. 


• 

zA 

G 

6 £ 
£ w 

No. 

Deaths. 

No.  Days 
Treated. 

A 

.$ 
O S3 

A 

• cS 
G G 
££ 

No.  Days 
Treated. 

zA 

G 

13 

No. 

Deaths. 

No.  Days 
Treated. 

No. 

Cases. 

No. 

Deaths. 

No.  Days 
Treated. 

January  

1 

1 3 

J 

1 49 

1 

. | 

1 

i 

1 

! 3| 

45 

4 

| 

70 

February  

1 

1 10 

x1 

1 

1 165 

x! 

1 

! 

.. . i 

28 

1 1 
1 

... 

10 

. ..| 

| 

March  

1 7 

1 

...' 

1 74 

l 

i 

i...1 

i 

1 271 

1 3i 

j.  J 

40 

1 

11 

i 

...j 

8 

April  

I 7 

1 118 

1 

l 

! 

i .. . 

i 

1 191 

. 1 

1 3i 

... 

i . 

38 

1 

1 6I 

•v 

95 

Mav  

1 5 

1 1 

1 45 

l 

i . . . 

1 281 

1 2 

i . . . 

1 321 

June  

s 

1 . . . 

40 

1 2 

i 

i . . . 

eon  3 

1 

1 47 

( 'I 

July  . 

s 

L. 

\ 3 

iL. 

J 9 

... 

.. 

1 

1 . . . . 

1 . . . 

August 

\ 8'l... 

3 

2 

I 28 

II  1 
| | . . . | . . . 

1 

| 

1 

September 

1 1, 

1 . 

... 

L. 

1 . . . . 

u . . . | . . . 

',.... 

1 . . . 

Opt  Aib  A w 

1 1 1 

1 91  11  8 

J... 

84 

II...... 

1 

1 

NnvATn  Lot* 

1 1 1 

1 1 9. 1 11  14 

| 5 

1 1 

! 1 11  33 

II 

1 



December  

1 J < 

>|  16 

« 

1 

; ] 

1 102 

II  1 

II ..  .1 .. . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II  1 

Total 

■j  84 

: | el  1033 

19 

,|  2 
i 

I 418 

ilx5l... 
1 1 1 

212 

| 

10 

1 ' ‘ ' 

190 

j 

J 

J 



1 __ 

• 

' 1 

i 

Total  number  of  patients  cared  for  during  year,  128. 

Total  number  of  days  treatment  during  year.  1853. 

Total  number  of  relatives  accompanying  patients,  lo. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ADA  E.  STRAUB, 

Matron. 


REPORTS 


OF 

GARBBAGE  COLLECTION  AND  DISPOSAL. 


GARBAGE  COLLECTION 


REPOET  OF  GARBAGE  COLLECTION  (FIRST  PERIOD). 

Jan.  1 to  Apr.  17,  1906,  Inclusive. 

Collected  as  follows: 

Loads. 


Loads  garbage  collected 13,439 

Loads  garbage  delivered  by  private  parties  at  hoist 180* 

Loads  small  animals  collected 34* 


Total  13,653 

Above  garbage  was  delivered  as  follows: 

Estimated 

Loads,  wgt.  by  tons. 


Loads  garbage  delivered  to  plant 8,906  5,527 

Loads  garbage  delivered  to  farmers 26*  18 

Loads  garbage  buried  on  farm 4,687  3,281 

Loads  small  animals  delivered  to  plant 34  17 


Total  13,653  8,843 

*Estimated. 

Compiled  by 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 

REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  COLLECTION  (SECOND  PERIOD). 

Apr.  18  to  Dec.  21,  1906,  Inclusive. 

Collected  as  follows: 

Loads. 


Loads  garbage  collected 34,469 

Loads  garbage  delivered  by  private  parties  at  hoist 159 

Loads  small  animals  collected 116 


Total  34,744 

Delivered  as  follows: 

Estimated 

Loads,  wgt.  by  tons. 

Loads  garbage  delivered  to  garbage  plant 34,554  29,593 

Loads  garbage  delivered  to  farmers 74*  56 

Loads  small  animals  delivered  to  plant 116  58 


Total  34,744  29,707 

♦Estimated.  (Signed) 

WM.  O’CONNOR, 


Supt.  Garbage  Collection. 


130 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


GARBAGE  DISPOSAL. 

REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  CREMATOR  (FIRST  PERIOD). 

Jan.  1 to  Apr.  17,  190G,  Inclusive. 

Loads,  wgt.  by  tons. 


Garbage  received  from  collection  department 8,906  5,527 

Garbage  delivered  by  private  parties  at  plant 

Loads  small  animals  delivered  by  collection  department  34  17 


Totals  8,940  5,544 


(Signed) 

JOSEPH  RODDY, 

Chief  Foreman  Garbage  Plant. 


REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  CREMATION  (SECOND  PERIOD). 

Apr.  18  to  Dec.  31,  1906,  Inclusive. 


Estimated 

Loads,  wgt.  by  tons. 

Garbage  received  from  collection  department 34,554  29,593 

Garbage  delivered  by  private  parties  at  plant 50*  50 

Loads  small  animals  delivered  by  collection  department  116  58 


Totals  34,720  29.701 

^Estimated.  (Signed) 


JOSEPH  RODDY, 
Chief  Foreman  Garbage  Plant. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  131 

DEAD  ANIMALS  REPORTED. 

First  period,  January  1st  to  April  17th,  inclusive. 

*Large  28 

Small  84G 

Total  874 

Second  period,  April  18th  to  December  31,  inclusive. 

*Large  63 

Small  2,899 

Total  2,962 

Whole  year,  January  1st  to  December  31st,  inclusive. 

*Large  91 

Small  3,745 

Total  3,836 

*Removed  by  private  parties. 

(Signed) 

J.  A.  SKIBA, 

Complaint  Clerk. 


132 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


GARBAGE  SUMMARY. 

Compiled  by  A.  B.  Cargill,  Sec'y. 

FIRST  PERIOD,  JANUARY  1 TO  APRIL  17,  INCLUSIVE. 

COLLECTION. 

Loads.  Tons. 

Refuse  collected  and  delivered  for  disposal 13.653  8,843 

DISPOSAL. 

Loads.  Tons. 

Refuse  burned  at  crematory 8,940  5,544 

Refuse  buried  on  farm  .* 4,687  3,281 

Refuse  delivered  to  farmers 26  18 


Total  refuse  handled 13,653  8,843 

Dead  animals  reported 874 

COST. 

Collection  garbage  and  small  animals $16,244.12 

Cremation  garbage  and  small  animals 10,170.15 

*Burial  garbage  on  farm 1,551.30 


Total  cost  collection  and  disposal $27,965.57 

Average  cost  collection  and  disposal  per  ton $3.16 

*Average  cost  collection  and  hoist  per  ton 1.84 

*Average  cost  cremation  at  plant  per  ton 1.83 

*Average  cost  burial  at  farm  per  ton 47 

*Average  cost  collection  and  disposal  exclusive  of  garbage  buried 

at  farm  3.66 

estimated — the  actual  figures  not  known  because  no  proper  record  was  kept 
during  first  period. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  133 

SECOND  PERIOD,  APRIL  18  TO  DECEMBER  31,  INCLUSIVE. 

COLLECTION. 

Loads.  Tons. 

Refuse  collected  and  delivered  for  disposal 34,744  29,707 

DISPOSAL. 

Loads.  Tons. 

Refuse  burned  at  crematory  34,720  29,701 

Refuse  delivered  to  farmers  74  56 

Total  refuse  handled  34,794  29,757 

Dead  animals  reported  2962 

COST. 

Collection  garbage  and  small  animals  $50,474.40 

Cremation  garbage  and  small  animals  38,488.23 

Total  cost  collection  and  disposal  $88,962.63 

Average  cost  collection  and  disposal  per  ton  $2.99 

Average  cost  collection  and  hoist  per  ion  ...  1.70 

Average  cost  cremation  at  plant  1.30 

WHOLE  YEAR— JAN.  1 TO  DEC.  31,  INCLUSIVE. 

Dead  animals  reported  ...3,836 

Total  refuse  handled  48,447  loads,  38,600  tons. 

Total  expense  collection  and  disposal  $116,928.20 

Average  cost  collection  and  disposal  per  ton  $3.03 


INDEX 


(PAGE.) 

Health  Committee  3 

Officers  and  Employes  5 

Historical  8 

Commissioner’s  Report  10 

Secretary’s  Report  19 

Financial  Statement  24 

Bacteriological  Laboratory  Report  31 

Chemical  Laboratory  Report  43 

Report  of  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics  47 

Report  of  Chief  Inspector  113 

Comparative  Table  of  Office  Work 118 

Report  of  Hospital  No.  1 119 

Report  of  Hospital  No.  2 123 

Garbage  Collection  Report  129 

Garbage  Plant  Report  130 

Report  on  Dead  Animals  131 

Secretary’s  Garbage  Summary 


132 


f 

B . 

THIRTY-FIRST  ANNUAL  REPORT 

OF  THE 

Commissioner  of  Health 

OF 

MILWAUKEE 


December  31st,  1907 


MILWAUKEE 
THE  EDW.  KEOGH  PRESS 

1908 


THIRTY-FIRST  ANNUAL  REPORT 

OF  THE 

Commissioner  of  Health 


MILWAUKEE 


December  31st,  1907 


MILWAUKEE 
THE  EDW.  KEOGH  PRESS 

1908 


I N DEX 


* 


Page 

Health  Committee 4 

Officers  and  Employes 5 

Historical  . 8 

Commissioner’s  Report 0 

Report  of  Secretary 21 

Financial  statement 26 

Vaccination  Report 30 

Report  of  laboratories 31 

Bacteriological  38 

Chemical  46 

Report  of  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics 51 

Report  of  Chief  Inspector 115 

Report  of  Chief  Clerk 120 

Report  of  Hospital  No.  1 123 

Report  of  Hospital  No.  2 127 

Report  of  Garbage  Collection 131 

Report  of  Garbage  Cremation 133 

Report  of  Dead  Animals 134 

Secretary’s  Garbage  Summary 135 

Report  of  Dr.  Rudolph  Hering  on  Refuse  Collection  and  Disposal 130 

Garbage  Analysis  of  Prof.  R.  E.  W.  Sommer 189 


MAYOR 

SHERBURN  M.  BECKER. 


COMMITTEE  ON  HEALTH 

OF  THE 

COMHON  COUNCIL 

1907 


TRYING  H.  TARRANT, 

ALBERT  P.  YUNKER, 

SEBASTIAN  WALTER, 

WILLIAM  F.  KANE, 

HENRY  STOETZER, 

GEORGE  SCHMITT, 


EDWARD  SCHRANZ. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES 


OF  THE 

Health  Department  of  the  City  of  Hilwaukee 

FOR  THE 

YEAR  ENDING  DECEMBER  31,  1907 

Commissioner  of  Health.  GERHARD  A.  BADING.  M.D. 


Secretary 

OFFICE 

ALFRED  B.  CARGILL 

Medical  Assistants  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health, 

ARTHUR  J.  PATEK,  M.D., 

CHARLES  J.  COFFEY,  M.D., 

LOUIS  F.  JERMAIN,  M.D., 

JAMES  H.  HACKETT,  M.D. 
Other  physicians  are  specially  employed  from  time  to  time  as  vaccinators. 


Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics 

.FRANK  E.  DARLING,  M.D. 

Chief  Clerk 

GEORGE  E.  ADAMS. 

License  and  Complaint  Clerk 

JAMES  A.  SKIBA. 

Registration  Clerk MISS  HENRIETTA  WINDFELDER. 


Stenographer  and  Clerk 

. . .MISS  D AISIE  E.  ALLEN. 

Stenographer 

.MISS  NELLIE  H.  TAYLOR. 

SANITARY  FORCE 

T.  H.  CURTIS,  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 
FERD.  MACK,  Jr.,  Disinfector. 

JOHN  DOLGE,  Messenger. 

Food  Inspectors : 

FRANK  CARNEY, 

EDWARD  F.  ALLEE, 


PHILIP  STOCK, 


GEORGE  F.  ELSNER. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES— Continued. 


Sanitary  Inspectors. 


SIDNEY  G.  HARTWELL, 

EDWARD  SEAMAN, 

PETER  McHUGH, 

JOHN  MAHKORN, 

FRED.  C.  KRUCKENBERG, 
EMIL  OLSEN. 


JOHN  J.  HOULEHEN, 

EDWIN  SCHUBERT, 

FELIX  MICHALAK, 

JAMES  M.  CALLIGAN, 

OSCAR  KLEIN, 

JOSEPH  DERFUS, 

ALBERT  FUCHS. 


LABORATORY 


Bacteriologist GEORGE  p.  RUHLAND,  M.D. 

Chemist CHARLES  M.  SCHOEN,  M.D. 

Milk  Inspectors HARRY  KIEHL,  JAMES  F.  CUNNINGHAM. 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1 

18th  Ave.  and  Mitchell  St. 

Matron MISS  ELLEN  HUAfE. 

Janitor EDWARD  SCHEIDERER. 

Cook SARAH  HAEUSLER. 


Nurses,  servants  and  assistant  janitor  also  are  specially  employed  when 
needed  on  account  of  an  increased  number  of  patients. 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 
102-104  Seventh  St. 

Matron MISS  ADA  E.  STRAUB. 

Janitor  and  Ambulance  Driver JOHN  HEIDENREICH. 

Cook MARY  SCHRAEDEL. 

Nurses  and  servants  also  are  specially  employed  when  needed  on  account  of 
an  increased  number  of  patients. 

GARBAGE  CREMATORY 

Jones  Island 


Chief  Foreman JOSEPH  RODDY. 

Foremen JAMES  O’DONOVAN,  T.  J.  HANNAN. 

Electrician MILTON  ZAHN. 


OFFICERS  AND  EflPLOYES— Continued 


Blacksmith JOSEPH  STIGLBAUER. 

Blacksmith  Helper LOUIS  SCHIEFEB. 

There  are  also  employed  5 cranemen,  6 firemen,  18  stokers,  13  doormen,  4 
scowmen,  1 painter,  1 utility  man. 

Bricklayers,  laborers  and  others  are  employed  from  time  to  time  as  needed. 

GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION 


Foot  ol  Erie  St. 

Superintendent 

WILLIAM  O’CONNOR. 

Time-Keeper 

GEO.  W.  JANSEN. 

Engineer 

DAVID  GOGGINS. 

Chief  Scowman 

PATRICK  POWERS. 

Hoistmen  and  Scowmen 

EDWARD  PULLMAN,  GEO.  KRAUSE, 

Collector  of  small  animals GUSTAV  MUELLER. 

There  are  also  employed  94  collectors  of  garbage.  This  number  varies  as 
the  season  necessitates. 


HISTORICAL 


April,  1877  : Dr.  I.  H.  Stearns  appointed  Health  Officer  for  term  of  one 
year.  Gen.  H.  C.  Hobart,  President  of  Board. 

Office  of  Health  Commissioner  created.  Term,  two  years. 

April,  1878  : Dr.  O.  W.  Wig’ht  appointed  Health  Commissioner  for  term 
of  two  years. 

April,  1880  : Dr.  O.  W.  Wight  reappointed  for  term  of  two  years.  Re- 
signed  October,  1881. 

October,  1881 : Dr.  Robert  Martin  appointed  Health  Commissioner,  the 
term  of  office  having  been  extended  to  four  years.  This  appointment  was  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Dr.  Wight. 

April,  1882  : Dr.  Robert  Martin  reappointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1886  : Dr.  Robert  Martin  reappointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1890  : Dr.  U.  O.  B.  Wingate  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1894  : Dr.  Walter  Kempster  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1898  : Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1902 : Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz  reappointed  Health  Commissioner. 

April,  1906  : Dr.  G.  A.  Bading  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 


REPORT 


OP 


COflMISSlONER  OF  HEALTH 


COMMISSIONER’S  REPORT 


To  the  Honorable,  the  Mayor  and  the  Common  Council  of  the  City  of 

Milwaukee : 

Gentlemen  : — I have  the  honor  herewith  to  submit  for  your  con- 
sideration the  Annual  Report  of  the  Health  Department,  consisting  of 
the  following: 

The  Report  and  Financial  Statement  of  the  Secretary;  the  Report 
of  the  Bacteriological  and  Chemical  Laboratories  and  Bureau  of  Milk 
and  Food  Inspection ; the  Report  of  the  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics ; 
the  Reports  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  and  Chief  Clerk;  the  Re- 
ports of  Hospitals  No.  i and  No.  2,  and  the  Reports  of  the  Garbage 
Department  and  Complaint  Clerk,  for  the  year  ending  December  31st, 
1907,  being  the  Thirty-first  Annual  Report  of  the  Department. 

I take  pleasure  in  calling  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  again  we 
are  able  to  turn  back  into  the  City  Treasury  a substantial  cash  balance, 
amounting  this  year  to  the  sum  of  $18,418.55.  This  has  been  accom- 
plished by  strictly  adhering  to  business  principles  in  the  administration 
of  the  finances  of  the  Department.  The  securing  of  competition  enables 
us  to  purchase  all  of  our  supplies  at  the  lowest  possible  figures.  This 
holds  true  particularly  with  drugs,  such  as  anti-toxins  and  vaccines,  of 
which  naturally  large  quantities  are  used  annually  by  the  Department. 

The  farm  at  Wauwatosa  has  again  been  made  a source  of  income. 
While  the  actual  cash  revenue  is  small,  the  utilization  of  the  land  has 
resulted  also  in  maintaining  it  in  proper  condition,  as  well  as  in  keeping 
the  buildings  and  fences  in  a state  of  repair. 

There  has  been  a slight  decrease  in  the  cost  per  ton  of  disposal  of 
garbage,  the  figures  now  being  reduced  to  the  lowest  possible  rate.  In 
short,  by  continuing  methods  of  economy  throughout,  these  results  haxe 
been  accomplished.  On  the  other  hand,  we  have  revised  various  wage 
and  salary  lists,  increasing  salaries  where  the  amount  paid  was  not  com- 
mensurate with  the  work  performed.  Thus  there  has  been  an  increase 
in  the  wages  paid  the  garbage  collectors,  and  a change  in  the  system  of 
paying  per  load  to  a day  basis,  which  has  enabled  us  to  give  a better 


12 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


collection  service.  The  statement  of  the  Secretary  will  show  in  detail 
^he  financial  condition  of  the  Department. 

While  we  have  been  from  time  to  time  subjected  to  criticism  in 
connection  with  the  garbage  situation,  we  must  insist  that  such  criti- 
cism was  not  justified.  Last  year  I called  your  attention  to  the  inade- 
quacy of  our  present  garbage  disposal  plant,  which  has  a capacity  of 
only  120  tons  per  day,  while  during  certain  periods  the  amount  of 
garbage  to  be  disposed  of  reaches  the  200  ton  mark.  This  means  that 
we  have  been  compelled  to  force  the  furnaces  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
endanger  their  usefulness.  Notwithstanding  this  fact,  however,  we 
have  successfully  collected  and  disposed  of  38,600  tons  during  the  year 
1906  as  against  29,015  for  1905,  and  increased  the  amount  to  40,140 
tons  for  the  year  1907,  which  shows  an  actual  increase  of  38  per  cent, 
in  the  amount  handled  for  the  two  years  past. 

During  the  course  of  the  year;  action  has  been  taken  by  your  hon- 
orable body  which  has  brought  the  question  of  the  erection  of  a new 
garbage  plant  to  the  forefront.  It  has  been  particularly  gratifying  to 
me  that  the  suggestion  made  by  me  for  the  employment  of  an  unbiased 
expert  to  study  the  local  situation  and  report  in  detail,  with  recom- 
mendations as  to  our  needs,  has  been  followed.  A committee  appointed 
by  your  body,  consisting  of  the  City  Engineer,  the  Commissioner  of 
Health,  and  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Health,  after  cor- 
respondence with  editors  of  engineering  journals  and  others,  selected 
Dr.  Rudolph  Hering,  of  New  York,  a sanitary  engineer  with  a national 
reputation,  considered  an  expert  on  the  subject  of  garbage  and  refuse 
disposal,  who  was  thereupon  appointed  by  your  Honorable  body  for 
the  above  purpose.  His  report,  which  is  a masterpiece  on  the  subject, 
was  adopted  by  your  honorbale  body  by  a vbte  of  43  to  1.  (See  Ap- 
pendix). 

In  this  report,  Dr.  Hering  recommends  the  erection  of  an  inciner- 
ator which  will  not  only  dispose  of  the  city’s  garbage,  but  also  of  rub- 
bish and  other  waste  material. 

A resolution  farther  employing  Dr.  Hering  for  the  purpose  of 
drawing  plans  and  specifications  was  likewise  adopted,  and  Dr.  Hering 
is  now  employed  as  the  city’s  expert  in  this  matter.  I cannot  at  this 
time  too  urgently  suggest  that  the  city  follow  up  its  progressive  step  in 
the  matter  by  adopting  the  specifications  and  plans  when  submitted  by 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


13 


the  expert,  as  thereby  only  can  the  city  be  safeguarded  against  all  kinds 
of  patented  schemes. 

The  subject  of  proper  disposal  of  municipal  waste  other  than 
garbage  is  rapidly  coming  to  the  forefront,  particularly  the  disposal  of 
rubbish,  which,  from  a standpoint  of  public  health,  is  of  even  greater 
importance  than  the  disposal  of  garbage,  consisting,  as  it  does,  of 
material  which  has  been  in  more  or  less  intimate  contact  with  human 
beings,  healthy  and  sick  alike. 

The  disposal  of  this  material  by  dumping  for  filling  purposes  can- 
not be  too  strongly  condemned.  Experience  teaches  us  that  dumping 
grounds  are  visited  regularly,  and  material  which  should  be  destroyed 
is  being  carted  back  into  the  city,  there  to  litter  up  the  basements  and 
backyards,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  rubbish  is  not  a material  suitable 
for  filling  purposes  but  constitutes  a nuisance,  complaints  about  which 
reach  the  Department  frequently. 

The  city  has  been  highly  complimented  on  its  progressiveness  in 
submitting  the  waste  disposal  problem  to  an  expert  engineer.  “Engin- 
eering News,”  Vol.  59,  No.  3,  January  16,  1908:  , 

“The  infrequency  with  which  American  cities  consider  garbage  and 
refuse  disposal  as  an  engineering  problem  has  often  been  commented 
upon  in  these  columns.  It  is  therefore  a pleasure  to  note  that  the  City 
of  Milwaukee,  after  chance  trials  of  various  methods  of  disposal, 
recently  referred  the  broad  question  of  the  best  means  of  handling  the 
garbage  and  refuse  of  the  city  to  Mr.  Rudolph  Hering,  M.  Am.  Soc.  C. 
E.,  of  New  York  City.” 

By  the  adoption  of  the  plans  and  specifications  of  the  city’s  expert, 
we  will  at  once  place  Milwaukee  in  the  rank  of  the  very  few  cities  in 
this  country  where  the  waste  disposal  problem  has  been  solved  suc- 
cessfully. 

Excellent  work  has  been  accomplished  in  our  laboratories,  the 
volume  of  which  has  increased  to  such  an  extent,  particularly  in  the 
bacteriological  line,  that  another  assistant  will  have  to  be  provided  in 
the  very  near  future.  The  bacteriological  examination  of  milk,  which 
was  begun  last  year,  has  been  productive  of  a great  deal  of  good,  our 
records  showing  that  in  all  cases  where  the  attention  of  the  individual 
milk  shipper  has  been  called  to  a high  bacterial  count  in  the  specimens 
examined,  an  immediate  improvement  was  brought  about.  This  would 
conclusively  demonstrate  the  practicability  and  efficiency  of  this  mode 


14 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


of  testing.  However,  the  work  at  present  can  be  carried  on  only  to  a 
limited  extent,  on  account  of  the  large  and  ever-increasing  volume  of 
work,  which  almost  overburdens  the  bacteriologist. 

A decided  decrease  in  the  infant  mortality  was  achieved  during  the 
course  of  the  year,  particularly  during  the  hot  summer  months.  This 
was  brought  about  by  a crusade  directed  against  filthy  milk  cans,  which 
resulted  in  the  confiscation  and  destruction  of  over  800  gallons  of  milk 
in  one  week.  An  immediate  reduction  in  the  number  of  deaths  due  to 
diarrhoeal  diseases  was  noticeable.  The  following  tables  will  show  the 
excellent  results  accomplished : 

Table  showing  total  Births,  Population,  Birth  Rate,  Deaths  from  Diar- 
rhoeal Diseases  under  2 years,  and  per  cent,  of  total  Births  for 
five  years  to  deaths  from  Diarrhoeal  Diseases  under 
2 years,  1903  to  1907  inclusive. 


Year. 

Total  ^ 
Births. 

Population. 

Birth 

Rate. 

Deaths  from 
Diarrhoeal 
Diseases 
under 
2 years. 

Per  cent,  of 
Total  Births  to 
Deaths  from 
Diarrhoeal 
Diseases 
under  2 years. 

1903 

7,543 

315,000 

23.94 

275 

.0364 

1904 

8,190 

325,000 

25.2 

300 

.0366 

1905 

7,852 

335,000 

23.4 

286 

.0364 

1906 

8,487 

345,000 

24.3 

377 

.0444 

1907 

9,367 

350,000 

26.7 

306 

.0326 

Table  showing  total  Deaths,  Population,  Death  Rate,  Deaths  from  Diar- 
hoeal  Diseases  under  2 years,  and  per  cent,  of  total  Deaths  to 
Deaths  from  Diarrhoeal  Diseases  under  2 years  for 
five  years,  1903  to  1907  inclusive. 


Year. 

Total 

Deaths. 

Population. 

Death 

Rate. 

Deaths  from 
Diarrhoeal 
Diseases 
under 
2 years. 

Per  cent,  of 
Tot’l  Deaths  to 
Deaths  from 
Diarrhoeal 
Diseases 
under  2 years. 

1903 

4,091 

315,000 

12.99 

275 

.0672 

1904 

4,182 

325,000 

i2.87 

300 

.0717 

1905 

4,084 

335,000 

12.19 

286 

.0700 

1906 

4,632 

345,000 

13.42 

377 

.0814 

1907 

4,637 

350,000 

13.25 

306 

.0659 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


15 


The  policy  of  revocation  of  licenses  of  dealers  after  two  convic- 
tions for  violation  of  the  milk  ordinance  has  been  continued.  At  the 
present  time,  the  addition  of  preservatives  has  entirely  ceased,  and  con- 
victions secured  during  the  course  of  this  year  were  for  other  causes. 
The  passage  of  the  amendment  to  the  milk  ordinance  providing  for  the 
yearly  testing  for  tuberculosis  of  all  dairy  animals  from  which  milk  is 
shipped  to  Milwaukee,  and  providing  that  milk  shall  be  maintained  at 
a temperature  of  not  to  exceed  50  degrees  Fahrenheit,  will  place  our 
city  in  the  front  rank  and  secure  to  our  citizens  a milk  supply,  the  sani- 
tary condition  of  which  cannot  be  overestimated. 

In  order,  however,  to  better  enable  shippers  and  dealers  alike  to 
maintain  milk  at  the  proper  temperature  until  it  reaches  the  consumer, 
there  should  be  a change  in  the  method  of  transportation.  The  milk 
shipping  business  has  reached  such  a volume  that  railroad  companies 
can  well  afford  to  install  a refrigerating  car  service,  and  the  necessary 
steps  should  be  taken  to  bring  this  about.  Our  suburban  car  service 
has  also  become  an  extensive  one,  the  lines  traversing  the  districts  from 
which  most  of  our  milk  supply  is  derived.  It  would  be  of  great  value 
to  the  citizens  of  Milwaukee  were  the  suburban  lines  empowered  to 
transport  milk  and  other  farm  products,  not  merely  to  the  city  limits, 
but  down  to  the  heart  of  the  city.  This  could  then  also  be  accomplished 
by  means  of  refrigerating  cars,  and  would  certainly  result  in  giving  to 
our  citizens  a milk  supply,  the  purity  and  wholesomeness  of  which  could 
not  be  surpassed.  I would  urgently  suggest  that  this  matter  be  taken 
up  by  your  honorable  body,  so  as  to  secure  the  needed  legislation. 

Chemical  and  bacteriological  examinations  of  our  drinking  water 
have  been  carried  on  systematically,  and  while  there  is  an  entire  absence 
of  water-borne  diseases  in  the  city,  traceable  to  the  water  supply,  there 
can  be  demonstrated  an  almost  constant  contamination  of  the  water, 
although  not  sufficient  to  condemn  it  for  drinking  purposes. 

I would  again  call  the  attention  of  your  honorable  body  to  the 
necessity  of  taking  steps  to  abolish  the  system  of  discharging  the  raw 
sewage  into  the  lake  before  a serious  condition  has  been  brought  about. 

There  has  been  a slight  increase  in  the  number  of  cases  of  diph- 
theria and  scarlet  fever  reported  during  the  course  of  the  year,  the 
diseases,  however,  at  no  time  appearing  in  epidemic  form.  On  the 
other  hand,  there  has  been  a marked  decrease  both  in  number  of  cases 
reported  and  in  the  mortality  rate  of  measles,  whooping  cough,  small- 


J 6 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


pox,  typhoid  fever  and  tuberculosis.  The  decrease  in  the  number  of 
cases  of  tuberculosis  is  particularly  gratifying  because  of  the  strenuous 
efforts  that  are  being  made  throughout  the  country  to  get  this  great 
plague  under  control. 

There  can  be  no  question  but  that  the  stringent  enforcement  of  the 
tenement  ordinance,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  better  hous- 
ing conditions,  has  had  its  influence.  Under  the  provisions  of  the  ordi- 
nance, 38  houses,  located  in  various  sections  of  the  city,  were  condemned 
and  placarded  after  the  Department  had  compelled  vacation  of  the 
premises.  The  placarding  of  a house,  by  which  attention  is  called  to  its 
unsanitary  condition,  invariably  brings  about  speedy  compliance  with 
the  orders  of  the  Department,  found  impossible  under  the  old  system, 
where  we  had  to  depend  on  successful  prosecution  of  property  owners 
before  results  could  be  attained.  The  continued  enforcement  of  the 
spitting  ordinance  has  also  brought  about  beneficial  changes. 

The  city  should,  however,  lose  no  further  time  in  providing  the 
means  of  taking  proper  care  of  those  unfortunates  in  whom  this  dread 
disease  has  advanced  beyond  the  stage  of  cure,  as  these  cases  are  a 
constant  menace  to  others.  The  erection  of  suitable  buildings  on  the 
Wauwatosa  property  for  that  purpose  would  at  once  solve  the  problem, 
the  property,  as  I pointed  out  in  my  last  year’s  report,  being  entirely 
unsuitable  for  purposes  of  isolating  acute  contagious  diseases  on  account 
of  the  insurmountable  difficulties  of  transportation. 

An  evil  which  the  Department  has  to  contend  with  is  the  over- 
crowding of  lodging  and  boarding  houses  by  the  large  foreign  element 
which  has  located  in  our  city.  It  is  true  that  our  tenement  laws  em- 
power the  Department  to  insist  on  adequate  ventilation  and  a sufficient 
amount  of  air  space  for  each  individual,  but  we  find  that  our  efforts 
seem  to  result  merely  in  driving  them  from  one  place  to  another,  so 
that  benefits  derived  are  temporary  only.  In  order  to  secure  absolute 
control  of  the  situation,  it  will  be  necessary  to  license  lodging  and 
boarding  houses  and  make  it  a punishable  offense  for  the  owners  or 
keepers  of  such  places  to  allow  more  than  a certain  number  of  persons 
to  inhabit  the  premises.  The  law  should  be  amended  to  that  effect. 

The  small-pox  situation  in  Milwaukee  is  steadily  improving,  partic- 
ularly since  the  legislature  passed  a law  giving  us  increased  jurisdiction 
over  such  cases,  thereby  enabling  us  to  carry  on  more  extensive  vacci- 
nation. During  the  year  1906  there  were  vaccinated  by  the  Department, 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


17 


free  of  all  charge,  the  unprecedented  number  of  9,618  persons,  mostly 
children.  This  number  was  exceeded  in  1907,  when  the  total  reached 
the  number  of  11,428. 

The  great  difficulty  encountered  lies  in  the  fact  that  surrounding 
townships  do  not  carry  into  effect  stringent  quarantine  regulations,  and 
frequently  take  no  particular  action  until  their  attention  has  been  called 
to  that  necessity  by  the  inspectors  of  the  Milwaukee  Health  Department. 
This  condition  of  affairs  will  not  be  completely  remedied  until  physi- 
cians receive  the  appointments  of  health  officers,  instead  of  saloon- 
keepers, as  is  so  frequently  the  case  now. 

Statistical  records  show  that  there  were  1,410  cases  of  small-pox 
in  the  state  at  large,  whereas  the  City  of  Milwaukee  had  155  cases,  the 
greater  number  of  which  were  directly  traceable  to  surrounding  town- 
ships. 

A subject  to  which  I wish  to  call  the  attention  of  your  honorable 
body  at  this  time  is  the  dust  evil,  from  which  our  citizens  suffer  every 
spring  and  fall.  In  order  to  do  away  with  this  evil,  which  is  the  cause 
of  a great  deal  of  sickness  and  discomfort,  the  mode  of  street  cleaning 
now  followed  must  be  changed.  A thorough  flushing  of  all  paved 
streets  at  night,  which  is  the  system  being  adopted  by  all  progressive 
cities,  and  thorough  sprinkling  of  the  unpaved  streets  at  frequent  inter- 
vals during  the  day,  will  remedy  it.  Besides  this,  there  should  be  fre- 
quent collection  of  droppings  during  the  daytime  by  means  of  hand- 
carts, instead  of  sweeping  the  accumulation  into  the  gutter,  where  it  is 
allowed  to  dry  and  be  swept  about  by  the  wind  before  any  attempt  at 
collection  is  made,  the  method  now  followed. 

A factor  in  the  production  of  a great  deal  of  throat  and  bronchial 
diseases,  which  are  so  prevalent  in  our  city,  is  the  smoke  and  soot  evil. 
Notwithstanding  the  strenuous  efforts  of  our  efficient  Smoke  Inspector, 
the  nuisance  still  continues  unabated.  Under  the  existing  ordinance, 
the  officer  in  charge  has  not  sufficient  authority.  I would  recommend 
that  the  measure  be  amended  so  as  to  enable  him  to  achieve  better 
results,  and  I solicit  the  support  and  co-operation  of  the  prosecuting  and 
judicial  authorities  for  the  suppression  of  an  evil  which  is  being  uni- 
versally recognized  as  a menace  to  public  health. 

The  School  Board  sent  a communication  to  your  honorable  body, 
requesting  that  provision  be  made  for  a systematic  examination  of 
school  children  by  physicians  under  the  control  of  the  Health  Depart- 


IS 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Tnent.  Unfortunately,  there  were  not  sufficient  funds  available  to  carry 
out  a measure  of  this  kind  at  this  time.  Such  medical  inspection  of 
school  children  is  to  be  instituted  primarily  for  the  purpose  of  prevent- 
ing the  spread  of  communicable  diseases,  and  secondarily  for  the  pur- 
pose of  discovery  and  remedy  of  such  ailments  and  defects,  which  inter- 
fere with  a normal  physical  and  mental  growth  and  development.  There 
can  be  no  question  but  that  a great  deal  of  good  can  be  accomplished  by 
such  a systematic  supervision  of  children  attending  the  schools  of  our 
city,  and  by  adopting  such  a measure  Milwaukee  will  follow  the 
example  set  by  the  large  cities  of  this  and  other  countries. 

However,  in  order  to  enable  us  to  achieve  practical  results,  the 
work  should  not  be  limited  to  the  public  schools,  but  should  be  carried 
on  in  all  of  the  parochial  schools  as  well.  Experience  teaches  us  that 
contagious  diseases  are  of  more  frequent  occurrence  in  private  schools 
than  they  are  in  our  public  schools,  and  it  would  be  manifestly  unjust 
discrimination  if  we  were  to  deprive  a large  number  of  children  of  the 
benefits  resulting  from  physical  examination. 

Under  existing  laws,  the  Health  Department  has  no  authority  to 
search  for  other  than  contagious  diseases,  and  while  your  honorable 
body  might  pass  an  ordinance  instructing  the  Commissioner  of  Health 
to  direct  such  examination  to  be  carried  on  in  the  schools,  it  would  seem 
that  such  a measure  could  not  be  enforced. 

There  are  at  present  56  public  and  64  parochial  schools  in  the  city, 
. a total  of  120.  If  the  work  is  to  be  thorough,  it  will  be  necessary  to  em- 
ploy a fairly  large  number  of  examining  physicians.  There  should  also 
be  a chief  medical  examiner  and  probably  one  clerk.  The  compensation 
should  be  adequate  to  insure  thorough  work. 

The  report  of  the  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics  shows  a slightly 
lowered  death  rate,  the  actual  number  of  deaths  being  only  five  in  excess 
of  the  total  number  of  deaths  for  1906.  Particularly  noticeable  is  the 
fact  that  there  has  been  a steady  decrease  of  deaths  of  children  and 
adults  up  to  the  age  of  twenty  years,  which  would  indicate  a lowered 
death  rate  from  the  so-called  “controllable”  diseases.  On  the  other 
hand,  statistical  records  throughout  the  country  show  a gradual  increase 
in  the  number  of  deaths  due  to  heart  disease  and  nephritis.  Various 
possible  causative  factors  might  be  mentioned  as  underlying  this  con- 
dition. There  has  been  a gradual  increase  in  the  number  and  severity 
of  cases  of  influenza  and  pneumonia.  The  toxaemic  condition  accom- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


19 


panying  both  of  these  diseases  would  bring  about  inflammatory  and 
degenerative  changes  in  the  heart  and  kidney.  Better  methods  of  diag- 
nosis might  also  be  mentioned  as  accounting  for  the  increased  number 
of  cases  reported. 

Substantial  progress  has  been  made  in  our  effort  to  secure  more 
complete  reports  of  births  from  physicians  and  midwives.  The  passage  of 
the  so-called  “vital  statistics”  law  will  aid  us  greatly  in  these  efforts, 
and  will  place  the  State  of  Wisconsin  among  the  registration  states 
recognized  as  such  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Census. 

It  is  exceedingly  gratifying  to  report  a substantial  increase  in  our 
city’s  birth  rate,  which  for  the  year  1907  is  26.7  per  cent,  per  thousand, 
the  highest  rate  ever  reached  in  the  history  of  the  city. 

An  efficient  inspection  service  has  been  carried  on  under  the  charge 
of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector,  whose  detailed  report  shows  a large 
number  of  orders  of  various  kinds  issued  during  the  course  of  the  year. 

The  amount  of  foodstuffs  confiscated  by  the  food  inspectors  also 
indicates  an  efficient  service  in  this  line,  which  will  be  increased  by  the 
passage  of  an  ordinance  giving  the  Department  the.  power  to  license 
meat  markets,  and  also  providing  for  the  employment  of  additional  in- 
spectors, some  of  whom  should  be  veterinary  surgeons.  Such  an  ordi- 
nance is  now  under  preparation. 

The  isolation  hospital  situation  remains  the  same.  In  spite  of  the 
fact  that  in  my  report  for  the  year  1906  I called  the  attention  of  your 
honorable  body  to  the  necessity  of  immediate  action  in  this  matter, 
nothing  has  been  done.  The  Health  Department  still  continues  to  pay 
rent  for  the  use  of  a building  which,  by  authority  of  the  city’s  Building 
Inspector,  was  condemned  years  ago.  We  have  been  hampered  in  all 
our  efforts  to  improve  the  situation. 

I shall  certainly  depend  on  your  undivided  support  to  remedy  a 
condition  which  is  now,  and  has  been  for  years  past,  a disgrace  to 
the  city. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

G.  A.  BADING  M.  D., 
Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 

OF 


SECRETARY 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY 


G.  A.  Bading , M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir  : — For  compilation  in  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Department,  I 
respectfully  submit  to  you  herewith  the  financial  statement  covering 
expenditures  in  the  Health  Department  for  the  year  January  1st  to 
December  31st,  1907,  inclusive ; also  a statement  regarding  vaccination 
and  its  cost  during  the  year  1907,  and  a summary  regarding  the  collec- 
tion and  disposal  of  garbage.  The  garbage  summary  will  be  found 
under  the  heading  “Reports  of  Garbage  Collection  and  Disposal.” 

The  same  business  methods  which  were  inaugurated  April  18th, 
1906,  and  which  resulted  in  such  an  excellent  financial  showing  for  that 
year,  have  been  continued  during  1907,  with  the  result  that  the  expendi- 
tures have  been  kept  well  within  the  appropriation  granted  by  the  Com- 
mon Council. 

Notwithstanding  an  increase  in  the  demands  upon  the  Department 
all  along  the  line,  and  an  increase  in  the  population  of  the  city  during 
the  year,  the  Department  had  a balance  to  its  credit  at  the  close  of  1907 
amounting  to  $18,418.55.  This  amount  has  been  transferred  to  the 
general  city  fund  by  the  City  Comptroller  and  will  be  used  for  other 
city  purposes. 

The  cost  of  running  the  Health  Department,  exclusive  of  garbage, 
for  the  year  1907  was  $55,672.11,  or  a decrease  from  1906  of  $398.62. 
This  was  accomplished  notwithstanding  increases  in  salaries  granted  by 
the  Common  Council  during  the  year,  and  notwithstanding  the  increase 
in  population  referred  to  above. 

The  cost  of  garbage  collection  and  disposal  during  the  year  was 
$127,910.41,  or  an  increase  over  1906  of  $10,982.21.  This  increase  is 
entirely  due  to  the  fact  that  beginning  January  1st,  1907,  a raise  of 
20  per  cent,  in  the  wages  of  garbage  collectors  went  into  effect.  The 
total  increase  for  the  year  in  garbage  collection  payrolls  amounted  to 
$12,508.28.  It  is  plain,  therefore,  when  we  eliminate  the  increase  in  the 
garbage  collection  payrolls,  that  the  cost  of  collection  and  disposal  has 
really  been  less  than  the  year  previous,  despite  the  fact  that  there  was  an 


24 


ANNJJAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


increase  in  the  total  amount  of  garbage  in  1907  over  the  year  previous 
of  about  4 per  cent. 

Altogether  the  financial  showing  is  most  satisfactory.  The  total 
cost  for  both  health  and  garbage,  amounting  to  $183,582.52,  for  the 
year,  is  only  $200  in  excess  of  the  year  1905,  under  the  old  management, 
even  although  there  has  been  an  increase  since  that  time  of  over  38  per 
cent,  in  the  amount  of  garbage  handled,  an  increase  of  20  per  cent,  in 
the  wages  of  garbage  collectors,  an  increase  in  various  other  salaries  in 
the  Department,  an  increase  of  15,000  in  population  and  a much  greater 
demand  throughout  by  the  public  for  the  services  of  this  Department. 

During  1907,  as  will  be  seen  in  my  report  submitted  herewith,  the 
Department  vaccinated  a larger  number  of  persons  than  ever  were  vac- 
cinated by  the  Health  Department  before,  so  far  as  can  be  learned.  A 
total  of  11,428  persons  were  vaccinated  at  the  expense  of  the  Depart- 
ment, of  which  number  10,746  were  school  children.  The  whole  work 
was  done  systematically  and  carefully,  and  with  little  opposition  on  the 
part  of  the  public.  The  statement  of  expense  accompanying  the  state- 
ment of  vaccination  shows  a remarkably  low  cost  per  vaccination. 

In  the  garbage  summary,  which  follows  immediately  after  the 
reports  of  collection  and  disposal,  I have  attempted  to  show  accurately 
where  every  pound  of  refuse  collected  by  this  Department  was  disposed 
of.  and  at  the  same  time  to  show  the  cost  per  ton  for  each  method  of 
disposal  and  for  each  step  taken  in  the  handling  of  garbage.  As  stated 
above,  the  total  amount  of  refuse  handled  during  the  year  by  the  De- 
partment shows  a substantial  increase  over  the  preceding  year.  At  the 
garbage  plant,  however,  there  was  a little  less  garbage  handled  than 
during  1906,  which  was  due  to  the  fact  that  more  refuse  was  buried 
during  the  winter  season.  The  slight  increase  in  the  cost  of  collection 
per  ton,  as  well  as  for  the  total  cost  of  handling,  is  due,  as  stated  above, 
to  the  increase  in  the  wages  of  the  collectors.  The  average  cost  for 
disposal,  however,  is  slightly  less  than  the  year  before,  being  $1.22  per 
ton  as  against  $1.30  for  the  whole  year  1906.  The  cost  of  burial  was 
41  cents  per  ton  as  against  47  cents  per  ton  during  1906. 

Our  report  for  1907  shows  that  6,205  small  dead  animals  were 
collected  and  disposed  of  by  this  Department,  which  is  an  increase  of 
2,460  over  the  preceding  year. 

As  stated  a year  ago,  the  cost  of  cremation  of  garbage  at  the  plant 
will  always  be  excessive  so  long  as  the  plant  is  located  in  its  present 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


25 


position.  The  extra  cost  of  frequent  handling,  and  the  extraordinary 
wear  and  tear  due  to  location,  cannot  be  obviated.  We  found  also  in 
1907  that  it  was  necessary  to  expend  a large  amount  of  money  in  repair- 
ing the  furnaces  thoroughly,  so  that  there  might  be  no  possibility  of  a 
break-down  during  the  summer  months.  Materials  partially  worn  out, 
which,  under  ordinary  conditions,  might  have  worn  for  years,  had  to  be 
replaced  by  new  materials  so  that  every  precaution  would  be  taken  to 
avoid  the  compulsory  closing  of  the  plant  in  the  summer  season. 

The  cost,  of  collection  is  as  economical  as  it  possibly  can  be,  and  the 
cost  of  collection  will  increase  each  year  with  the  increase  in  the  popula- 
tion and  the  amount  of  garbage  required  to  be  handled. 

During  1907,  as  in  1906,  we  have  maintained  an  independent  system 
of  bookkeeping  in  this  Department,  which  has  enabled  us  at  all  times  to 
be  in  close  touch  with  the  expenses  of  the  Department  and  has  made  it 
unnecessary  to  revert  continually  to  the  books  of  the  Comptroller  as  was 
done  previously. 

While  the  prices  of  some  of  the  supplies  have  increased  during  the 
year,  due  to  the  condition  of  the  markets,  yet,  in  some  instances,  notably 
in  the  case  of  antitoxin,  we  have  procured  further  reductions  in  price. 

The  reports  herewith  submitted  are  self-explanatory. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


26 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SECRETARY’S  FINANCIAL  STATEMENT. 

EXPENSES  OFFICE. 


Drugs  and  Medicines $1,827.55 

Telephone  service 3.35 

Supplies 350.97 

Miscellaneous 526.31 

Payrolls  33,886.14 

Printing 1,004.68 

Postage 30.50 

Livery 693.00 

Stationery 144.12 


Total  . . 
By  cash  credits. 


$38,466^62 


Net  expense  1907 $38,131.37 

Credits  from  Hospital  No.  1,  Hospital  No.  2,  and  Labora- 
tory for  miscellaneous  supplies 

Actual  cost  office  1907 $37,774.76 


$335.25 


356.61 


EXPENSES  LABORATORY. 

Payrolls  $4,911.62 

Drugs  and  chemicals 48.03 

Apparatus  257.19 

Feed  for  animals 19.50 

Ice 20.00 

Gas 32.96 

Miscellaneous 19.72 

Printing 157.39 


Net  expense  laboratory  1907, 
Paid  office  for  postage 


$5,466.41 


Actual  cost  laboratory  1907 $5,468.41 


$2.00 


EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  NO.  1. 


Ice 

Groceries 

Telephone  service 

Payrolls 

Lighting 

Meats  

Milk 

Drugs  and  medicines.... 

Bakery  supplies 

Supplies  and  furnishings. 
Fuel 


$52.50 

986.21 

94.00 

3,179.03 

312.30 

488.42 

175.00 
113.65 

124.00 
218.23 

880.01 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


27 


Repairs 100.16 

Miscellaneous 70.00 


Total  . 
By  cash  credits 


$6,793.51 

$125.00 


Net  expense  1907 $6,668.51 

Paid  office  for  postage,  etc 3.50 

Actual  cost  1907 $6,672.01 


EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  NO.  2. 


Services  of  nurses $339.15 

Rent 1,500.00 

Telephone  service 72.90 

Payrolls 1,915.50 

Groceries  454.66 

Meat  170.24 

Milk 186.81 

Drugs  and  medicines 82.58 

Bakery  supplies 58.65 

Supplies  and  furnishings 83.72 

Surgical  supplies 16.35 

Ice 22.50 

Miscellaneous 89.36 

Lighting 117.00 

Fuel 524.31 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies 1.53 


Total $5,635.26 

By  cash  credits $229.44 


Net  cost  1907 $5,405.82 

Paid  office  for  postage,  antitoxin,  etc 351.11 


Actual  cost  Hospital  No.  2,  1907 $5,756.93 


EXPENSES  GARBAGE  CREMATION  AND  BURIAL. 


Oils,  grease  and  waste $49.12 

Coal 11,918.80 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies 2,421.69 

Telephone  service 71.40 

Payrolls 32,450.47 

Miscellaneous  supplies  1,387.45 

Advertising 22.80 

Rent  of  land 425.00 

Miscellaneous 48.61 


Net  expense  1907 $48,795.34 

By  cash  credits $5.00 


Actual  cost  garbage  disposal  1907 $48,790.34 


28 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


EXPENSES  GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION. 


Repairs  and  repair  supplies $226 . 24 

Telephone  service 59.80 

Coal  and  wood 234.56 

Payrolls 78,134.36 

Miscellaneous  supplies 269.59 

Tug-  service 90.00 

Miscellaneous  120.52 


Net  cost  1907 $79,135.07 

By  cash  credits $15.00 


Actual  cost  garbage  hoist  and  collection  1907.  . . $79,120.07 


HEALTH  EXPENSE 

Actual  cost  health  1907,  not  including  garbage : 

Office 

Laboratory  

Hospital  No.  1. 

Hospital  No.  2. 

Total  


GARBAGE  EXPENSE. 

Actual  cost  garbage  1907 : 

Crematory  and  Burial 

Hoist  and  collection — 


$37,774.76 

5,468.41 

6,672.01 

5,756.93 


$55,672.11 


$48,790.34 

79,120.07 


Total  $127,910.41 

(NOTE— For  the  sake  of  convenience  in  the  books  of  the  Department, 
the  entire  disposal  expenditure,  including  the  cost  of  operating  the  plant  and 
the  cost  of  burial,  is  included  in  one  item.  The  same  is  true  of  the  cost  of 
collection  and  the  cost  of  operating  the  hoist.  For  the  sake  of  showing 
exactly,  jLowever,  how  much  each  one  of  these  items  cost,  the  expenditures 
have  been  subdivided  and  the  result  shows  the  following:) 


Cost  of  crematory 
Cost  of  burial . . . . 

Cost  of  hoist 

Cost  of  collection. 


$46,674.59 

2,115.75 

3,079.58 

76,040.49 


Total  cost  of  garbage 


$127,910.41 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


29 


RECAPITULATION— 1907. 

Health $55,672.11 

Garbage  127,910.41 

Total $183,582.52 


FINANCIAL  SHOWING  DECEMBER  31,  1907. 


Balance  in  fund  from  1906 $2,001.07 

Appropriation  for  1907 200,000.00 

Total  available  funds  for  1907 $202,001.07 

Expenditures  1907 183,582.52 

Balance  in  fund  December  31,  1907 $18,418.55 


This  amount  transferred  to  general  city  fund  by  City  Comptroller. 
COMPARATIVE. 


Health.  Garbage.  Total. 

1907 $55,672.11  $127,910.41  $183,582.52 

1906 56,070.73  116,928.20  172,998.93 


*$  398.62  **$  10,982.21  **$  10,583.59 

*Decrease  in  1907. 

**Increase  in  1907 — due  to  20%  increase  in  wages  of  garbage  collectors. 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


30 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


VACCINATION,  1907 


Month. 

By  H.  D. 
Vaccinators 
at  Schools. 

By  H.  D. 
Vaccinators 
at  Homes, 
Factories, 
Etc. 

At  H.  D. 
Office. 

At  Hosp. 
No.  1. 

Total. 

Jan 

1 

1 

74 

! 

2 

3 

79 

Feb 

94 

100 

2 

3 

199 

March 

101 

109 

2 

4 

216 

April 

396 

77 

8 

4 

485 

May 

51 

2 

53 

June 

775 

44 

8 

2 

829 

July 

28 

1 

1 

30 

Aug- 

32 

1 

2 

35 

Sept 

34 

1 

1 

36 

Oct 

3686 

6 

44 

2 

3738 

Nov 

3810 

12 

4 

1 

3827 

Dec 

1884 

15 

2 

1901 

Totals 

1 

j 10,746 

582 

77 

I 

i 

j 23 

1 

| 11,428 

1 

COST  OF  VACCINATION— 1907. 


Vaccine  and  shields $864.20 

Alcohol 34.48 

Absorbent  cotton 11.30 

Scarifiers .67 

Alcohol  lamps 2.40 

Payrolls  1,144.75 

Total  cost $2,357.80 

Total  number  vaccinations 11,428 

Cost  per  vaccination .20+ 

Total  vaccinations  1907 11.428 

Total  vaccinations  1906 9,618 

Increase  in  1907 1,810 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


REPORT 


OF  THE 

HEALTH  DEPARTMENT  LABORATORIES 


REPORT  OF  THE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 
LABORATORIES 


G.  A.  B acting,'  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir  : — I have  the  honor  to  submit  to  you  the  following  report  on 
the  work  performed  at  the  laboratories  of  the  Department  during  the 
year  1907.  As  in  the  year  before,  the  volume  of  the  work  increased 
considerably,  a total  of  11,956  examinations  having  been  made.  Of 
these,  8,104  were  performed  in  the  chemical,  the  remaining  3,852  in  the 
bacteriological  laboratory.  The  bulk  of  the  increase  in  these  examina- 
tions for  the  year  was  in  the  bacteriological  department,  an  increase  of 
1,259  examinations  over  the  last  year’s  work  having  been  recorded  for 
that  laboratory. 

In  the  following  pages  we  append  a few  notes  on  the  general  char- 
acter of  the  year’s  work,  together  with  tabulations  showing  the  exact 
number  and  the  nature  of  the  examinations  for  each  month. 

milk. 

The  number  of  the  examinations  of  milk  and  cream,  both  as  regards 
the  percentage  of  butter  fat,  as  well  as  the  bacterial  contents,  easily 
place  this  subject  at  the  head  of  the  list  of  the  examinations  performed 
at  the  laboratories.  The  work  of  the  chemist  and  his  assistants  was 
almost  exclusively  devoted  to  this  subject,  and  a total  of  8,002  .samples 
were  examined  by  them  during  the  past  year.  The  sharp  lookout  main- 
tained by  the  inspectors  is  sufficiently  indicated  by  the  fact  that  nearly 
5,000  quarts  of  milk  and  cream  were  confiscated  which  had  been  shipped 
in  filthy  cans  or  were  found  below  the  standard. 

The  bacteriological  examination  of  milk  has  also  been  carried  on 
energetically,  and  in  several  instances  shippers  whose  milk  was  found 
to  contain  continuously  an  excessive  number  of  bacteria  were  suspended 
from  the  market. 

In  a series  of  161  bacteriological  examinations,  covering  the  entire 
year,  an  average  count  of  700,000  bacteria  per  c.c.  was  obtained  for 


34 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


the  milk  shipped  to  the  city.  Individually,  the  counts  ranged  all  the 
way  from  15,000,000  for  the  highest  to  10,000  for  the  lowest  number 
recorded.  While  the  excessive  number  of  bacteria  found jn  some  mdk 
has  given  a general  average  of  almost  three  times  the  number  fixed  as 
a limit  by  the  department,  yet.  as  a matter  of  fact,  46  per  cent,  of  the 
samples,  or  nearly  one-half,  really  were  well  within  this  limit. 

In  making  bacterial  counts,  the  method  of  centrifugalization.  as 
devised  by  Doctors  Hill  and  Slack,  was  tried  for  a time,  but  has  since 
been  abandoned.  The  technique  was  found  to  be  too  uncertain  ; the 
difference  in  the  control  plate  cultures  as  compared  with  the  centrifug- 
alized  specimens  was  too  variable  to  recommend  the  method  for  per- 
manent and  exclusive  adoption.  The  fat  on  the  slides  prepared  in  the 
centrifugalization  method  also  proved  an  annoying  feature,  which 
greatly  offset  its  one  great  merit,  i.  e.,  economy  of  time  and  labor. 
While  with  an  improved  technique  centrifugalization  may  ultimately 
supplant  the  plate  culture  method  as  used  in  the  department  laboratories.  . 
yet  for  the  present  the  latter  method  is  being  used  exclusively. 

Bacteriological  examinations  of  milk  as  a check  on  tiie  sanitary 
conditions— i.  e„  cleanliness— of  dairy  farms,  no  doubt  has  come  to  , 
stay,  and  its  importance  cannot  be  overestimated.  If  this  work  is  to  , 
be  efficient  however,  in  the  future,  assistance  in  the  laboratory  is  abso- 
lutely necessary,  and  we  most  urgently  recommend  the  appointment  of 

additional  help  in  this  department. 

The  number  of  examinations  for  diphtheria,  tuberculosis  and 

typhoid  likewise  has  experienced  a marked  increase. 

DIPHTHERIA.  ! 

In  the  number  of  examinations  for  pathogenic  bacteria  diphtheria 
easily  stands  in  the  lead,  with  2.031  for  the  past  year,  a fact  easily 
accounted  for  under  the  two-negative-culture-for  release  ruling  of  t e 
department.  That  this  rule  is  a good  one  cannot  be  questioned,  since 
it  not  only  usually  shortens  the  period  of  quarantine,  but,  more  im- 
portant than  that,  furnishes  a positive  means  (if  conscientiously  carnec 
out) , in  determining  the  presence  or  absence  of  infectious  material. 

VINCENTS  ANGINA. 

Alone-  with  the  examinations  of  throat  swabs  interesting  observa- 
tions were  made.  In  the  comparatively  short  period  of  time  of  only  a 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


35 


few  months,  eleven  cases  of  Vincent’s  Angina,  or  ulcerative  stomititis, 
came  under  observation  of  the  department.  This  condition,  which  is 
due  to  the  bacillus  fusiformis  and  spirillum  of  Vincent,  and  which  is 
said  to  be  infrequent  in  this  country,  was,  in  most  instances  where  it 
was  found  for  the  first  time,  mistaken  for  diphtheria.  In  only  one  out 
of  eleven  cases  reported  did  we  find  it  associated  with  the  diphtheria 
bacillus.  All  of  these  cases  occurred  in  young  adults,  one  of  these  (a 
bank  clerk),  having  two  separate  and  distinct  attacks.  The  organisms 
stained  readily  with  most  of  the  ordinary  dyes,  but  proved  Gram-nega- 
tive. Attempts  at  cultivation  were  unsuccessful  in  our  hands. 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

The  number  of  sputum  examinations  also  shows  an  increase  over 
last  year,  779  specimens  having  been  submitted.  Of  these  38.7  per  cent, 
were  positive,  which  makes  it  a rate  slightly  lower  than  last  year.  Judg- 
ing from  the  appearance  of  the  sputa,  as  well  as  from  the  accompanying 
history  (which  unfortunately  is  wanting  in  many  cases),  quite  a number 
of  the  cases  are  apparently  in  an  early  stage,  if  at  all  positive,  and  this 
no  doubt  accounts  for  the  lowering  of  the  percentage  of  positive  cases. 
Altogether,  this  must  be  looked  upon  as  a favorable  sign,  not  that  it 
would  justify  the  conclusion  of  an  actual  decrease  in  the  number  of 
cases,  but  inasmuch  as  it  shows  an  active  interest  on  the  part  of  the 
profession,  as  well  as  the  laity,  which  realizes  the  danger  from  tuber- 
cular sputum  and  the  corresponding  importance  of  an  early  examina- 
tion to  determine  the  absence  or  presence  of  the  bacillus  in  the  dejecta 
of  the  patient. 

WATER. 

The  bacteriological,  as  well  as  the  chemical,  analyses  of  the  water 
during  the  past  year  show  a slight,  yet  definite  and  more  or  less  con- 
stant, contamination.  The  presence  of  colon  has  been  found  to  be  quite 
constant  in  certain  districts  of  the  city  in  comparatively  small  quantities 
of  water,  yet  in  spite  of  this  there  has  been  a notable  absence  of  water- 
horn  diseases  in  the  city  and  in  the  respective  districts  particularly.  This 
must  be  explained  from  the  fact  that  the  bacillus  coli  is  a normal  inhabi- 
tant of  the  intestinal  tract,  and  that  here,  too,  as  elsewhere,  familiarity 
breeds  contempt.  The  findings,  however,  are  significant.  The  increased 
discharge  of  sewage  into  the  lake  through  the  Kinnickinnic  flushing  tun- 


36 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


nel,  no  doubt  is  responsible  for  these  findings.  There  can  be  no  ques- 
tion that  the  practice  is  a dangerous  one  and  that  it  should  be  met  by 
proper  and  efficient  measures  which  would  permanently  remove  this 
source  of  danger.  Experiments,  both  chemical  as  well  as  bacteriolo- 
gical, are  being  conducted  at  present  to  determine,  if  possible,  the  vary- 
ing degrees  and  zones  of  contamination. 

DISINFECTION. 

The  problem  of  disinfection  has  always  been  one  of  cardinal  im- 
portance with  the  department,  which  naturally  feels  the  importance  of 
sterilizing  the  foci  of  infection  and  thus  prevent  the  dissemination  of 
the  materiae  morbi.  Unfortunately,  however,  efficiency  of  a disin- 
fectant is  not  always  associated  with  safety  in  its  application,  and  the 
ideal  disinfectant  is  perhaps  still  to  be  found.  Even  the  use  of  formal- 
dehyde, most  commonly  used  today  for  purposes  of  disinfection,  is  not 
free  from  objections.  After  experimentation  with  the  various  methods 
of  formaldehyde  disinfection,  e.  g.,  formalin  sheet,  formalin  and  potas- 
sium permanganate,  etc.,  the  laboratory  has  finally  adopted  the  DePree’s 
formaldehyde  fumigator  and  believes  to  have  found  in  it  a method  of 
tested  efficiency  and  one  which,  by  reason  of  its  comparatively  moderate 
price  and  the  convenience  with  which  it  may  be  handled,  pre-eminently 
recommends  itself  for  use.  After  having  used  the  present  method  for 
several  months,  careful  investigation  shows  that  the  rate  of  re-infection 
is  practically  nil. 


STREET  car  sanitation. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  year  the  department  undertook  a number 
of  experiments  with  a view  of  ascertaining  the  sanitary  condition  of 
street  cars.  These  investigations  were  made  by  taking  plate  cultures  in  , 
cars  crowded,  and  in  such  as  were  not,  as  well  as  by  cultures  taken  in  I 
the  open  street  for  comparison.  Special  examinations  were  also  made 
of  the  dust  in  the  cars  and  of  the  sputa  which  were  collected  from  the 
floors  of  cars. 

The  results  of  these  experiments  show  that,  other  things  being 
equal,  the  atmospheric  contamination  in  street  cars  was  proportionate  j: 
to  the  number  of  passengers.  More  colonies  likewise  developed  usually  | 
on  plate  cultures  exposed  in  the  confined  space  of  a street  car  than  when 

I 

I 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


37 


taken  in  the  open.  That  the  dust  from  the  floors  of  street  cars  should 
be  particularly  rich  in  bacteria  is  hardly  surprising,  considering  that 
the  piggish  practice  of  promiscuous  expectoration  was,  and  still  is,  prac- 
ticed on  some  lines  with  a disregard  for  decency  and  public  health  that 
seems  nothing  short  of  criminal. 

Among  the  pathogenic  bacteria  found  by  special  examination  were 
the  various  forms  staphylococci  and  streptococci.  Besides  that,  the 
pneumoccus  was  isolated  several  times,  as  well  as  the  bacillus  of  influ- 
enza. While  the  tubercle  bacillus  was  not  found  among  the  specimens 
examined  at  that  time,  yet  it  is  practically  certain  that  a more  continued 
investgation  would  also  find  this  germ. 

The  work  of  the  laboratory  included  also  quite  a number  of  clinical 
examinations  for  scabies  and  impetigo  contagiosa,  which  were  sent  in 
from  various  public  schools.  The  unfortunate  publicity  given  to  a case 
of  hydrophobia  also  for  a time  -swamped  the  laboratory  with  a lot  of 
dead  animals  brought  in  by  a frightened  public.  Up  to  the  present  time, 
however,  the  animal  inoculations  have  proved  negative,  and  no  new 
cases  have  since  come  to  the  notice  of  the  department. 

In  concluding,  I desire  to  call  attention  also  to  the  excellent  work 
done  by  our  inspectors,  Harry  Kiehl  and  James  Cunningham,  to  whose 
untiring  labors  in  instructing  dairy  men  in  the  proper  handling  of  milk, 
■so  much  of  the  improvement  in  the  cleanliness  and  sanitary  condition 
of  our  city  milk  is  due.  I also  desire  to  express  my  appreciation  for  the 
valuable  assistance  rendered  by  Dr.  Schoen,  City  Chemist,  in  the  work 
of  the  laboratories. 

Respectfully  submitted,  • 

DR.  GEORGE  C.  RUHLAND, 

Bacteriologist. 


38 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTHS. 


MONTH. 


January  . . 
February 
March  — 

April  

May  

June  

July  

August  ... 
September 
October  . . 
November 
December 


Total. 


Diphtheria. 

Sputum. 

Typhoid. 

Para-Typhoid. 

Animal 

Inoculations 

Milk. 

Water  and  Ic 

Miscellaneous. 

Totals. 

j 227  1 

67 

36 

33 

3 

1 

15  1 

2 1 

48  | 

430 

216  1 

58 

22 

22  1 

2 

15 

7 | 

63  1 

i 405 

I 1 

! 153  | 

83 

22 

17 

3 

18  I 

1 

8 ! 

43 

| 347 

1 1 
.1  158  | 

84 

18 

18 

1 

18 

1 11 

25 

| 356 

f 

•i  186 

86 

1 17 

1 17 

| 4 

1 18 

1 8 

i 28 

| 374 

1 / 
.i  129  | 

62 

1 U 

i 

1 17 

1 4 

IS 

4 

1 

1 

| 253 

I 1 

.'  83  1 

67 

1 8 

l 8 

1 4 

10 

! io 

j 12 

I 202 

.1  105  1 

47 

1 13 

1 11 

1 3 

6 

7 

1 5 
l 

| 197 

1 

.:  107  i 

49 

| 22 

\ 22 

1 2 
( 

12 

5 

1 17 

| 236 

1 1 

.1  181  1 

62 

1 

I 29 

| 26 

l 2 

19 

4 

1 15 

336 

I I 

.|  256  | 

69 

1 13 

1 13 

1 3 

6 

5 

1 I9 

| 383 

1 1 

,.|  280 

i 44 

| 

' 1 17 

I 

5 

1 2 

6 

6 

1 53 

1 

j 363 

,.|  2031 

779  | 232 

1 

210 

j 35 

161 

1 77 

1 

I 

j 327 

| 3852 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


39 


DIPHTHERIA. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

j Negative. 

Total. 

January  

1 

I 

,1  47 

1 

| ISO 

1 

227 

February  

50 

166 

216 

March  

1 

| 33 

120 

153 

April  

50 

108 

158 

May  

66 

120 

186 

June  

40 

89 

1 

129 

July  

21 

62 

1 

| 83 

August  

27 

78 

i 

i 105 

September  

40 

67 

107 

October  

| 53 

128 

1 

| 181 

November  

| 

103 

[ 

153 

1 256 

December  

68 

j 162 

230 

' 

Total 

1 

598 

f 

1433 

1 

j 2031 

40 


AN XU A L KFPOKT  OF  THE 


TUBEECULOSIS. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

Negative. 

Total. 

January  ' : . . . | 

24 

67 

February  J 

18 

40 

58 

March  j 

27 

56 

83  " 

April  | 

... 

27 

5T* 

84 

May  1 

; 

25 

61 

86 

June  . 

30 

32 

62 

July : 

35 

32 

67 

August  

18 

29 

47 

September  

19 

30 

49 

October  

28 

35 

62 

November  

34 

35 

69 

December  

. 

18 

26 

44 

Total 

303 

476 

■779 

COM  M I SS I ON  ER  OF  HEALTH. 


41 


TYPHOID. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

I 

Negative. 

Atypical. 

Total. 

January  ' 

1 2 

29 

5 

36 

February  

. o 

21 

1 

22. 

March  

1 

16 

5 

22  . 

April  

4 

10 

4 

18.  v 

May  

2 

' 11 

4 

17.  . 

June  

o 

1 15 

2 

17 

July  1 

1 o 

8 

0 

8 

August  

2 

9 

| 

2 

13  , 

September  

' 

1 

17 

4 

22 

October  

* 4 

19 

4 

27 

November  

3 

7 

3 

1 3_ 

December  

6 

1 

7 

4 

17  . • 

Total 

1 

1 26 

J 169 

38 

232 

1 

42 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


PARA-TYPHOID  AND  COLON. 


MONTH. 

J Positive. 

Negative. 

Atypical. 

Total. 

January  j 

| 3 1 

| 26 

I 

5 

34 

February  

i 4 • 

17 

1 

22 

March  

3 

13 

1 

17 

April  

i 2 

1 14 

2 

18 

May  

1 1 

i 15 

1 

17 

,-June  | 

2 

I IQ. 

5 

17 

July  

i 2 

1 5 

1 

8 

August  1 

1 o 

1 11 

0 

11 

September  

! 3 

1 15 

1 4 

22 

| 

October  

! 5 

18 

3 

26 

November  

0 

12 

1 

13 

December  

I 

0 

1 

1 4 

j 

1 5 

1 

Total | 

1 

1 

25 

1 

! 

1 160 

! 

25 

210 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


4H 


MILK. 

Limit  250,000  per  c.c. 


MONTH. 

Above. 

Below. 

Total. 

January  j 

6 

9 

15 

February  

8 

7 

15 

March  

6 

12 

OO 

rH 

April  

5 

1 

13 

18 

May  

7 

11 

18 

June  

14 

4 

18 

July  

| 

7 

3 

10 

August  

4 

2 

6 

September  

5 

7 

12 

October  

9 

10 

19 

November  

6 

0 

6 

December  

1 

5 

6 

Total 

78 

83 

161 

44 


ANNUAL  REPOUT  OF  THE 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


MONTH. 

1 Animal 
Inoculation 

Water  and 
Ice. 

Miscel- 

laneous. 

Total. 

January  

I ' 

3 

2 

46 

51 

February  

L 

2 

7 

63 

72 

March  

3 

8 

43 

54 

April  

! 3 

11 

| 

25 

39 

May  

: 

4 

8 

28’ 

40 

• 

June  

r 

1 4 

4 

1 

9 

. 

July  

4 

10 

12 

26  ‘ 

August  

3 

1 7 

5 

15 

September  

2 

1 5 

17 

24 

October  

2 

4 

15 

21 

1 

November  

3 

5 

1 

19 

27 

December  

6 

1 • 

53 

, 61 

Total 

35 

77 

327 

439 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


45 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  AND  MICROSCOPIC  EXAMINATIONS. 

By  Years. 


1 

1901 

| 1902 

I J 

1903 

1 

1904 

1 

1905 

1906 

1907 

Diphtheria  

382 

1 384 

383 

329 

752 

809 

2031 

Sputum  

117 

I 292 

323 

414 

439 

679 

779 

Blood  

1 81 

1 56 

97 

291 

301 

331 

442 

Milk  

| 

97 

161 

Miscellaneous  

106 

37 

r 

82 

327 

505 

641 

439 

Total 

1 

! 

| 686  ^ 

| 711 

__  1 

925  1 
_ 1 

! 

| 1561  | 

1 

2007 

| 

| 2557 

1 

3852 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


4(5 


CHEMICAL  LABORATORY. 


George  C.  Ruhla?id,  M.  D.,  Bacteriologist: 

Sir  : — I herewith  submit  report  of  the  work  done  in  the  Chemical 
Laboratory  during  the  year  1907. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

CHARLES  M.  SCHOEN,  M.  D., 

Chemist. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  47 


MILK  INVESTIGATIONS. 

Number  of  milk  dealers  licensed  during  the  year 1,437 

Total  samples  of  milk  analyzed  in  1907 5,067 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  5,067  samples 3.78% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%  butter  fat 255 

Per  cent,  below  3% 5.*  04% 

Number  of  samples  from  the  street 2,176 

Average  per  cent,  of  2,176  samples  from  the  street 3.66% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%  from  street 124 

Per  cent,  below  3% 5.24% 

Number  of  samples  from  the  depots 2 214 

Average  per  cent,  of  2,214  samples 3.95% 

Number  of  samples  below  3 % 84 

Per  cent,  below  3% 2.12% 

Number  of  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals 677 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  677  samples 3.59% 

Number  of  samples  below  3 % 47 

Per  cent,  below  3% 12.41% 

Number  of  samples  of  cream  tested 2 935 

Average  per  cent,  of  2,935  samples 21.11% 

Number  of  arrests  made  in  1907 17 

Amount  of  lines  imposed $250.00 

Quarts  of  milk  confiscated  in  1907 4,420 

Quarts  of  cream  confiscated  in  1907 448 

Quarts  of  cream  returned  in  1907 616 

Dealers  warned  in  1907 119 

Number  of  licenses  revoked 4 


48 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHEMICAL  ANALYSES  FOR  YEAR  BY  MONTHS. 


January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

3 

July. 

K 

be 

<5 

1 5 

ft 

U2 

% 

o 

o 

O 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milk  

1 1 

382 

1 

422 

611 

434 

530 

352 

134 

307 

413 

583 

484 

415 

5067 

Cream  

213 

237 

290 

269 

256 

269 

85 

199 

289 

274 

289 

265 

i 2935 

City  Water 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

| 12 

Well  Water 

7 

6 

3 

4 

8 

7 

2 

2 | 

1 

4 

| 

1 44 

Miscellaneous  

10 

5 

1 

2 

5 

2 

2 

1 

4 

3 

1 

3 

' 9! 

j 46 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  49 


LAKE  WATER  ANALYSES. 
Parts  per  100,000. 


Chlorides. 

Nitrates. 

Nitrites. 

Free 

Ammonia. 

Alb. 

Ammonia. 

Oxygen 

Consumed. 

1 

.6 

None 

None 

Trace 

.010 

.175 

2 

.65 

None 

None 

.0005 

.020 

.175 

3 

.6 

None 

None 

Trace 

.015 

.17 

4 

.6 

None 

None 

Trace 

.015 

.175 

5 

.6 

None 

None 

Trace 

.012 

.17 

6 

.6 

None 

None 

Trace 

.010 

.175 

7 

.6 

None 

None 

.0012 

.004 

.19 

8 

.6 

None 

None 

.0010 

.0045 

.19 

9 

.65 

None 

None 

.0010 

.004 

.18 

10 

.65 

None 

None 

.0010 

.004 

.18 

11 

.65 

None 

None 

.0010 

.004 

.185 

12'. 

.7  . 

None 

None 

.0010 

.0035 

.18 

REPORT 

OF 

REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS 


REPORT  OF  REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS 


G.  A.  Boding,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir: — I have  herewith  the  honor  of  submitting  the  thirty-first  an- 
nual report  of  the  Vital  Statistics  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee  for  the 
year  ending  December  31st,  1907. 

DEATHS. 

During  the  year  just  passed  there  were  4,637  deaths  recorded, 
representing  an  annual  death  rate  of  13.25  as  against  4,632  deaths  for 
the  year  1906,  when  the  death  rate  was  13.42. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  by  years  since 
1869,  together  with  the  officially  estimated  population  and  death  rate. 


Total 

Rate 

Population. 

. Deaths. 

per  1,000. 

1870 : 

71,440 

1,495 

20.93 

1871 

1,452 

19.36 

1872 . 

79,500 

2,022 

25.43 

1873 

83,000 

1,878 

22.62 

1874 

87,000 

1,939 

22.29 

1875 

91,500 

1,506 

16.46 

1876 

95,000 

2,128 

22.40 

1877 

100,000 

2,198 

21.98 

1878 

105,000 

1,584 

15.09 

1879 

110,000 

1,978 

17.98 

1880 

115,587 

2,390 

20.68 

1881 

122,000 

2,697 

22.10 

1882 

130,000 

2,729 

20.99 

1883 

138,000 

2,532 

18.35 

1884 

147,000 

2,768 

18.83 

1885 

156,000 

2,796 

17.92 

1886 

165,000 

2,021 

18.31 

1887 

175,000 

3,257 

18.61 

1888. 

2,426 

18.52 

1889 

195,000 

3,188 

16.35 

1890 

3,747 

18.33 

1891 

214.000 

4,689 

21.91 

53 


54 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


1892 

4,516 

20.25 

1893 

232,000 

4,462 

19.23 

1894 

241,000 

4,253 

17.64 

1895 

250,000 

3,885 

15.54 

1896 

260,000 

3,904 

15.00 

1897 

275,000 

3,606 

13.11 

1898 

280,000 

3,338 

11.92 

1899 

285,000 

3,843 

13.48 

1900 

290,000 

4,026 

13.88 

1901 

295,000 

3,833 

12.99 

1902 

300,000 

3,797 

12.65 

1903 

315,000 

4,091 

12.99 

1904 

325,000 

4,182 

12.87 

1905 

335,000 

4,084 

12.19 

1903 

345,000 

4,632 

13.42 

1907 

4,637 

13.25 

The  following  table  will  show  the  deaths  from  the  more  important 
causes  for  the  past  fourteen  years : 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

1 1 1 1 
1894 |1895 |1896j 1897 

III 

1898 

1 i i ; i i i i 

1899  1900 1 1901 ! 1902 ,19331 1904] 1905 i 1906 , 1907 

1 I 1 ! i-  I l 

Typhoid  Fever 

1 1 

; 70 

i i 

63 

| 46 1' 

1 

31 

1 

1 

| 46 

1 47 

1 1 

| 59 | 63 

l 

1 

1 48 

! 

1 

54 1 

1 

43] 

68  j 

1 

98  j 

84 

Measles  

i i 

1 691 

i i 

11  29 ! 

1 

36 

1 

] 2]  26 

| 36  17 

1 36; 

1 

ii 

l 

H 

I 

4; 

1 

34' 

5 

Scarlet  Fever 

1 1 

1 12 

i 

. 

i 

1 4| 

3 

i 

2 

i 

| 36 

| 70 

1 16 

10) 

9! 

41 J 

24| 

n i 

20 

Whooping'  Cough 

1 

1 69 1 

i i 

601  15| 

19 

| 53 

i 

1 9 

| 46  21 

49' 

43| 

1 

6| 

1 

24 

1 

30 

16 

Diphtheria  

I 1 

| 237| 

179 

l l 

I 198|  106 

611 

109 

124 

100 

85 1 

64  j 

58; 

43 

65  j 

85 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

! 354| 
| 1 

288 

j j 

335  346 

1 216 

| 372 

373 

1 4001 

320) 

362| 

4281 

403 

416; 

376 

Cancer  

1 

1 107| 
| | 

139 

i 

| 

| 158 j 164 | 

I 166! 

| 194 

196  206 

208; 

212| 

1 

224 

| 

206; 

234, 

230 

Meningitis  

I 1 

1 107| 
1 

82 

l 

j 96| 

i 

70 

1 

108 

| 123 

72 

1 93 

1 

! 93; 

90) 

7ij 

821 

| 

95  j 

93 

Apoplexy  

1 90 1 

90 

! 10SI 

92 

i 

' 107 

| 120 

| 139 

| 1601 
I 

1 144] 

181| 

171 1 

166! 

| 

189 

210 

Convulsions  

1 1 
| 2501 

239 

j 246|  191 

| 127' 

! 144 

| 140 

| 124 

| 

1 94 

132! 

1 

162! 

158! 

185} 

ISO 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

143| 

161 

1851 

212 

190 

228 ' 

227 ' 

197 

l 

254  j 

295 

j 

360] 

362! 

j 

367 

4*05 

Bronchitis  

1 169| 
| 1 

181 

i 

| 189|  193 

1 182 

| 173 

j 180 

I 176 

| 230' 

184 ) 

157] 

146| 

l 

183 

170 

Pneumonia  

1 2451 

i 

1 

271 

| 2371 

239 

227! 

281 

| 299 

1 2721 

280| 

456] 

493] 

351! 

1 

530 

469 

Diarrhoeal  Diseases 

1 348 1 

i 

323 

1 

| 

1 298  j 

| 

244! 

1 

| 

3501 

400 

439 

1 322 

1 340' 

1 

286! 

1 

303 

287 

377 

306 

Nephritis  

95 

! 106 1 

no 

i 

106| 

132 

121 

132 

156| 

167] 

1 

179 1 

I 

1901 

| 

200' 

212 

Congenital  Debility 

I 4151 

i 

j 

364 

i 

1 347 J 

2171 

| 1941 
1 

1 244 

323 

290! 

1 234’ 

314! 

1 

357 1 

3321 

360 

445 

Senile  Debilitv 

1 

1 124| 

i 

1 

116 

1 

! 108] 

| 

123 

1 841 

| 69 

| 78 

115 

1 92) 

106] 

160} 

1581 

159; 

144 

Suicides  

i 46 

1 

48 

1 58  J 

| 

62 

l 

i 621 

49 

| 

1 59 

1 591 

1 

1 69' 

741 

1 

68' 

721 

| 

67 

' 89 

Accidents  

119| 

1 1 

| 

145 

1 

1 1431 

1 

125 

1 

> | 

1161 

1 

155 

| 152 

1 166 1 

1 

188! 

186! 

| 

175] 

1631 

209' 

260 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


55 


The  following  table  will  show  the  total  deaths,  deaths  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age,  deaths  of  children  from  one  to  five  years  of  age, 
total  deaths  among  children  under  five  years  of  age  to  the  total  deaths. 

Per  cent. 


Total 

Under 

One  to 

Total  under 

to  Total 

Deaths. 

One  Year. 

Five  Years. 

Five  Years. 

Deaths. 

1892 

4,516 

1,479 

744 

2,223 

49.2 

1893 

4,462 

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

4,253 

1,441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

3,885 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

3,904 

1,297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897 

3,606 

1,077 

425 

1,502 

41.6 

1898 

3,338 

1,010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

* 3,843 

1,113 

428 

1,541 

40.1 

1900 

4,026 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

3,933 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

3,796 

963 

390 

1,353 

35.6 

1903 

1,103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

1904 

4,182 

1,106 

385 

1,491 

35.6' 

1905 

4,084 

1,088 

323 

1,411 

34.5 

1906 

4,632 

1,261 

421 

1,682 

36.3 

1907 

4,637 

1,207 

338 

1,545 

33.3 

65,088 

19,385 

7,197 

25,037 

BIRTHS. 

There  were  9,369  births  reported  during  the  year  1907  past,  repre- 
senting  an  annual  birth  rate  6f  26.7  per  1,000  population,  against  8,487' 
births  reported  during  the  year  1906,  with  a birth  rate  of  24.3.  This 
is  the  greatest  increase,  not  only  in  the  absolute  number  of  births  but 
also  in  the  birth  rate,  that  we  have  ever  experienced. 


MARRIAGES. 

There  were  4,257  marriages  reported  during  the  year  1907. 

FRANK  E.  DARLING,  M.  D., 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics. 


TABLE  A. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Diphtheria  during  the  year  1907. 


56 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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table  b. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Scarlet  Eever  during  the  year  1907 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


57 


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ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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TABLE  D. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Measles  during  the  year  1907. 


COMM  I SSI  ONE!  I O F H E ALT  1 1 . 


59 


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'TABLE  E. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Small  Pox  during  the  year  1907. 


60 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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1 

Cases  admitted  to  Hospital  not  Small  Pox 


TABLE  F. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Whooping  Cough 

during  the  year  1907. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


61 


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Hospital, 


TABLE  G. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Tuberculosis  during  the  year.  1907. 


62 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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Hospital. 


CHART  No.  i. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever  for  27  Years,  1881-1907  inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


63 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Tine — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  2. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  and  Croup  for  27  Years,  1881-1907  inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


65 


CHART  No.  3 

Showing  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  27  Years,  1881-1907 

Inclusive. 


1 


1 

1 ! 

i 

\ 

A 

\ 

V 

l~A 

V 

\ 

f 

/ 

A 

k 

-A 

/ 

\ 

Y 

V 

S- 

V 

/ 

J 

Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  4. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Measles  for  27  Years,  1881-1907  Inclusive. 


66 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Dine — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  for  27  Years,  1881-1907  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


67 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


CHART  No.  6. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Bronchitis  for  27  Years,  1881-1907 

Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  7. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Pneumonia  for  27  Years,  18S1-TQ07  Inclusive. 


CO  M M I SS I ON : : R of  h ealth. 


69 


■1 11 11  imi  11 11 11 11  mmmimimiiiiiiii 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  8. 

Consumption  for  27  Years,  1881-1907  Inclusive. 


70 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  shows  Deaths  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


CHART  No.  9. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diarrhoea  for  27  Years,  1881-1907  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


71 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Dine — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  i88q  shows  Deaths  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


72 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  No.  io. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Apoplexy  for  27  Years,  1881-1907 
Inclusive. 


CO  co  oo 


00  30  O'  O'O'O'CT'O'O'  O'O'S'SoS  O OO  o 

OOCOOO  ooooooooooopcoooooo'O'O'  o.  O'  O' 


1 

A 

1 

: ■ 

■ 

1 

l* 

I 

1 

nr 

11  mm  11  in 

■ 

,*11111 

HI 

II 

nn 

imp 

111 11 
111 11 

hi 

ini 

11  ir 
11 11 

n 

in 

111 

in 

■nnnni  o 11 1 1 11 

Ml 

III 

III 

II 

1 

II 

■ 

H 

II 

1 

n 

11 

■n 

nil 

Mil 

ni  11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 

Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  No.  n. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Convulsions  for  27  Years,  1881-1907  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 

88M88H88S>88i&8ilSlS8||88B 


73 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


74 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  i — Showing  the  Number  of  Deaths,  According  to  Cause, 
Annual  Death  Rate  per  1,000  for  the  Year  was 


J 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced.  j 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  Other  than  Milw. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes 

46  37 1|2447 12190||2345|1539|727| 

<M 

co 

O 

CO 

CM 

666|1909 

General  Diseases 

993 

517 

476 

451 

416 

122 

4 

393 

199 

401 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

S4 

56 

28 

57 

24 

3 

34 

27 

23 

2_ 

Malaria 

3. 

Small  Pox 

1 

1 

1 

i 

4. 

Measles  

2 

3 

5 

2 

5. 

20 

7 

13 

19 

. i 

15 

4 

1 

6. 

Whooping'  Cough 

16 

4 

12 

16 

15 

1 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

85 

49 

36 

82 

2 

1 

70 

9 

" ’<5 

8. 

Grippe 

■■  181 

7 

11 

3 

9 

"6 

3 

4 

11 

9. 

Dysentery  

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases  . . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection . 

37 

' 'i3 

24 

20 

14 

3 

19 

7 

11 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

376 

208 

168 

163 

183 

29 

'i 

150 

77 

139 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

.57 

37 

20 

46 

9 

2 

1. . 

35 

10 

12 

14. 

Cancer 

230 

93 

137 

18 

138 

73 

1 1 

18 

51 

161 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases. 

63 1 

40 

23 

20 

36 

6 

1 1 

20 

9 

34 

Local 

Diseases 

3290 

1733 

1557 

1172  9 

964 

OO 

■LO 

16 

1591 

393 

1306 

16. 

Meningitis  

93 

49 

44 

83 

7 

3 

67 

13 

13 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’ rage. 

210 

106 

104 

23 

111 

76 

19 

35 

156 

18. 

Paralysis  

17 

8 

9 

3 

9 

5 

1 

6 

10 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

180 

114 

66 

180 

174 

4 

2 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System. 

55 

24 

31 

14 

34 

5 

2 

15 

11 

29 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

405 

190 

215 

73 

199 

128 

5 

66 

75 

264 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  Sys. 

58 

29 

29 

11 

27 

20 

7 

14 

37 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic  . . . . 

170 

. 78 

92 

95 

31 

43 

'i 

92 

7 

71 

24. 

Pneumonia  & Broncho-Pneumonia. 

469 

276 

193 

255 

150 

6-1 

3 

219 

50 

200 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  Sys. 

47 

28 

19 

24 

15 

7 

1 

19 

, 2 

26 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis, under  2 yrs 

306 

161 

145 

306 

295 

10 

1 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs. 

2'7 

12 

15 

11 

13 

3 

7 

4 

16 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruct’ ns. 

.42 

. .17 

25 

13 

21 

8 

8 

10 

24 

29. 

Peritonitis  

29 1 

13 

16 

12 

15 

2 

9 

8 

12 

30. 

Appendicitis 

44 

25 

19 

25 

16 

3 

20 

16 

8 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  Sys.  . 

220 

116 

104 

62 

103 

54 

'i 

56 

41 

123 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

212 

114 

98 

46 

104 

61 

1 

34 

37 

141 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys 

39 

20 

19 

7 

25 

. 7 

5 

8 

26 

34 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

15 

15 

15 

1 

4 

10 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases  . , 

33 

33 

.3 

30 

. ».  . 

14 

9 

10 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  & Cellular  Tissue. 

8 

' ' 4 

4 

7 

1 

6 

2 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

7- 

. 5 

. 2 

.2 

4 

1 

1 

3 

' "3 

38. 

H yd  roc  eph  a 1 us 

4 

2 

2 

4 

4 

39. 

Other  M al  f 0 r ma  tio  n s 

1 1 

- ■'  7 

4 

11 

10 

1 

40' 

nring^nital  Debility  , 

445 

263 

182 

445 

445 

41.' 

Senile  Debility ...  .7 

144| 

72 

72 

14 

' ‘34 

'94 

'2 

120 

124 

Violence  

| 3 53 

296 

57| 

164 

159 

24 

6 

87 

74 

202 

42. 

Suicide  

| 89 

71 

1 8 1 

34 

39 

10 

6 

18 

15 

56 

43. 

Accidents 

2601 

223 

37 

128 

118 

14 

68 

59 

133 

44 

Other  Causes 111  Defined 

11 

1 

1 

1 

45! 

Homicides  

4 

2 

’ "2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


75 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  the  Year  1907  The 
13.25,  on  an  Estimated  Population  of  350,000. 


AGEi. 


Under  1 year. 

C9 

O 

j 

00 
Q 
0 1 

o 

00 

o 

o 

o 

LO 

LO 

O 

o 

15  to  20. 

o 

O 

<N. 

25  to  30. 

iO 

oo 

o 

o 

CO 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

O 
l O 

0 

LO 

50  to  55. 

1 

O 

O 

LO. 

LO 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

io’ 

p 

u- 

75  to  80. 

LO* 

CO 

0 

. 0 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to  100. 

Over  100. 

! 1207|  181 1 73  !48|36|90|73|130|217|206|184|176j  180 1228|210|22  6|249|218|212  [227 1 1 4 9 1 7 6 1 3 0 1 1 0 1 

1 1 

41 

33 

23 

17 

17 

38 

22 

67 

97 

94 

72 

65 

61 

| 78 

I 58 

| 56 

| 50 

I 35 

| 25 

28 

13 

3 

1 

1 

2 

3 

6 

14 

15 

15 

6 

7 

71 

21 

1| 

2| 

1 

. . . 

| . . . 

1 

2 

1 

2, 

6 

2 

2 

5 

2 

1 

8 

5 

1 

T 

4 

17 

11 

8 

13120 

4 

4 

2J 

1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1| 

21 

31 

' 1| 

...| 

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i 

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1 

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1 

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64 

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5 

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11 

12 

31 

36 

32 

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13 

18 

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1 7 

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1165 

139| 

42| 

271 

14  44  42 

45 

! 82 

741 

75 

81 

98|110|119 

1151 

1851175 

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198 

131 

71 

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440 

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34 

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26 

18 

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9 

17 

38 

38 

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30 

21 

1 40 

33 

19 

14 

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6 

1 

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9 

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1 , , 

lv 

3 

15 

111 

6 

8 

6 

I 9 

14 

6 

5 

j 3 

2 

... 

1 1 

1 9 

1 8 

4 

| 5 

1 8 

8 

14 

1 

22 

27 

31 

21 

14 

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1 

1 

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| . . . 

1 . . . 

1 11... 

| ' 

| 

| 1 

1 

| 

76 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  2,  Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex. 

Social 

Condition  1 

Nativity. 

1 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

to 

xs 

<p 

C 

c3 

.£3 

tri 

0) 

Q 

<D 

-d 

d 

<u 

T3 

CD 

1 

0) 

d 

d 

Total 

Male. 

1 

$ 

Single. 

3) 

c3 

1 ^ 

£ 

c 

* 

O 

L 

6 

c3 

£ 

1 

6 

a5 

* 

.bp 

L 

o 

* 

Total- 

-All  Causes I439||238|201(|235I128| 

74| 

2i 

12031 

541182 

General  Diseases 

104 

47 

57 

61 

29 

14 

46 

23 

35 

1 

16 

9 

7 

14 

2 

5 

6 

5 

3. 

Small  Pox 

4. 

5. 

11 

1 

1 

1 

6. 

21 

i 

1 

2 

2 

12 

6 

6 

12 

10 

2 

8. 

Grippe  *. 

6 

3 

3 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

’ ’2 

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemiic  Infection.  . 

4 

4 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

32 

’ii 

18 

18 

12 

2 

16 

6 

10 

13. 

Other  form®  of  Tuberculosis 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

IS 

5 

13 

1 

7 

10 

2 

3 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

9! 

8 

1 

7 

2 

5 

1 

3 

Local 

Diseases 

309 

169 

140 

1 1 63 

86 

58 1 

2 

153 

23 

133 

16. 

Meningitis 

8 

3 

5 

5 

1 

2 

4 

2 

2 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

19 

9 

10 

2 

9 

8 

2 

17 

18. 

Paralysis 

4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

19! 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

13 

8 

5 

13 

i.3 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . 

3 

3 

1 

2 

3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

35 

20 

15 

’ *5 

14 

15 

1 

6 

6 

23 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

23 

8 

15 

10 

6 

7 

8 

15 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho- Pneumonia,. 

60 

32 

28 

34 

•22 

4 

33 

’ ’4 

23 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . . 

23 

14 

9 

23 

23 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.  . 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis 

2 

' *2 

' ’2 

2 

30. 

Appendicitis 

3 

’ 3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

16 

9 

”7 

3 

'io 

“3 

2 

2 

12 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

23 

19 

4 

6 

13 

4 

6 

3 

14 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys  . . 

5 

1 

4 

3 

2 

1 

4 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

1 

1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Mai  formations 

2 

2 

2 

2 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

46 

25 

21 

46 

46 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

12 

7 

5| 

1 

1 

9 

1 

1 

11 

Violence  

26 

22 

4i 

11 

13 

2 

4 

8 

14 

42. 

Suicide 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

43. 

Accidents 

22 

20 

2| 

9 

11 

2 

3 

* *8 

11 

44. 

Other  Causes1 — 111  Defined 

45. 

Homicide 

1 

i 

|.  . . 

i 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


77 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  January,  1907. 


AGE. 


o> 

>> 

o’ 

LO 

© 

LO 

© 

LO 

© 

LO 

© 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

LO* 

o 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

© 

T— i 

<M 

<M 

CO 

CO 

LO 

LO 

CO 

CO 

t- 

c— 

00 

00 

CTi 

OJ 

Li 

d 

CO 

d 

O 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

p 

p 

o 

o 

'O 

o 

O 

Q 

5 

O 

-4-> 

-H 

-H 

4-> 

d 

o 

LO 

O 

LO 

© 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

lO 

o 

Irt 

rH 

ec 

LO 

i? 

1-1 

OJ 

CO 

CO 

LO 

lO 

CO 

CO 

00 

00 

CO 

o> 

I * 

1 1 1 7 1 191  5|  3|  6 1 7 1 10|  17 1 14|  21|  11\  17|  12|  19|  19|  14 1 22 1 23|  23|  28|  21|  8|  2|  1 


5 

1 

4 

1 

4 

1 

4 

6 

2 

12 

6 

81 

2 

11 

2 

5 

8 

41 

2f 

6|  7 

1 

2(  4: 

2 

4| 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

’ ’i 

'i 

3 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7 

"3 

1 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

4 

4 

1 

1 

' 'i 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

112 

2 

17 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

! 3 

3 

3 

8 

5 

7|  7|  10 

9| 

9 

16 

21 

1 

1 

18 

1 

3 

25 

1 

4 

1 

19 1 

7| 

21 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

. . . j . . . 

12 

1 

. . . i . . . 

2 

‘ ‘i 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

6 

8 

5 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

8 

17 

1 

22 

2 

2 

2 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i3 

"i 

'i 

'i 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

4 

•• 

1 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

i 

i 

i 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

O 

2 

"2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

3 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

46 

1 . . . 

1 

4 

6 

2 

1 

1 

1.. 
1 . . 

1 

i 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

I..1 

1 3 

3 

1 

2 

3 

“3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 • • 

1 . . 

1 

L, 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 3 

| i 

1 

78 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  3 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other  than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes | 

440||134|206||199|156| 

8 1 1 

4||183| 

53 1204 

General  Diseases 

104 

57 

47 

46 

44 

13 

1 

44 

14 

46 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

13 

6 

7 

9 

4 

4 

4 

5 

2 

3. 

Small  Fox 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4. 

5. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6. 

1 

i 

1 

1 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

12 

’ 8 

4 

11 

i 

11 

1 

8. 

Grippe  

5 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

* *3 

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

i 

1 

1 

1 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection . . 

2 

i 

1 

2 

1 

’ *i 

12. 

Pul monary  Tub  ercul osi s 

37 

24 

13 

14 

19 

4 

19 

"2 

16 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

25 

12 

*ii 

2 

i5 

7 

1 

1 

6 

18 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

5 

1 

4 

2 

3 

2 

3 

Local 

Diseases 

312 

|157 

155 

|145 

97 

68 

2 

134 

33 

145 

16. 

Meningitis 

12 

7 

5 

12 

10 

1 

1 

. 17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

21 

11 

10 

2 

12 

7 

1 

5 

15 

18. 

Pa.ra.l  y sis 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants . . 

22 

13 

9 

*22 

22 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.  . 

. 4 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

37 

14 

23 

6 

17 

14 

7 

4 

26 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

6 

6 

1 

3 

2 

6 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

24 

8 

'i6 

13 

4 

7 

14 

1 

9 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

58 

36 

22 

26 

21 

10 

* *i 

19 

6 

33 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

6 

6 

4 

2 

3 

3 

26. 

DiarrhoGa  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

17 

10 

7 

17 

17 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

8 

‘ 'i 

4 

2 

5 

1 

2 

3 

3 

29. 

Peritonitis  

1 

1 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis 

6 

* 2 

4 

’ *3 

3 

4 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

19 

8 

11 

6 

8 

5 

7 

2 

10 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

19 

7 

12 

5 

6 

8 

5 

3 

11 

33. 

O'tViPT’  nf  fT pu tv  Svcj 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34! 

^ ivio  Ui  VJCIIUU  U X 1 llCX-X  J ►Jj  . • 

Pu  erperal  S eptii  cae  m ia 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

5 

5 

1 

4 

2 

3 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

40. 

Cion  genital  Debility 

21 

11 

10 

21 

21 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

19 

10 

9 

2 

4 

12 

1 

3 

16 

Violence  

24 

20 

4| 

1 8 

15 

1 

5 

6 

13 

42. 

Suicide 

6 

6 

...1 

1 3 

•2 

| 1 

1 

1 

4 

43. 

Accidents 

1811  14 

4 

5 

13 

4 

5 

9 

44. 

Other  Causes— 111  Defined 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


79 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  February,  1907. 


| 971  161  6|  3|  2|  9|  5|  12 1 17|  23|  17|  22|  16|  9|  12 1 32|  35|  19|  28|  28|  21|  6|  4|  1 


5 

2 

2 

2 

1 

4 

1 

2 

7 

2 

8 

2 

11 

4 

9 

2 

10 

1 

7 

1 

2 

3 

7 

6 

8 

5 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

2 

i 

1 

1 

' 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

4 

7 

7 

2 

3 

1 

1 

3 

i 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

5 

4 

1 

2 

2 

1 

. . 1 

92 

5 

1 

14 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

3 

1 

5 

7 

9 

7 

9 

7 

5 

5 

24 

1 

4 

| 27 

101 

23 

28 

16 

5 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

7 

1 

is 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

4 

1 

6 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

7 

3 

4 

1 

4 

"5 

3 

|4 

1 

2 

2 

10 

13 

’i6 

3 

4 
1 
1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

\i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

4 

2 

8 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

| 

1 3; 

| . . . 

i . . . 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

’ 'i 

1 

2 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

’ ' i 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

T 

1 

2 

2 

1 

l 

21 

4 

4 

5 

2 

4 

2 

1 

3 

l 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1[  2|  1 
. . . j . . . 1 . . . 

2 

3 

11  2 

. . . | . 

1 

1 

. . . i . . . 

80 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  4 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Couse, 


Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

1 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

d 

d 

X 

ri 

<£> 

Q 

a3 

T3 

73 

03 

T3 

03 

S' 

X 

p 

u 

03 

A 

C 

• , 

c3 

6 

a> 

gJ 

s 

a> 

03 

13) 

C 

L 

£ 

6 

S 

03 

L 

O 

> 

a 

% 

0 

02 

.5? 

*03 

L 

O 

Eh 

S 

fa 

m 

1 § 

5 

1 

* 

Total— All  Causes |413j|215|198||209|128|  73|  3||166|  64|183 


General  Diseases 

85 

44 

41 

38 

32 

14 

1 

25 

19 

41 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

7 

3 

4 

6 

1 

3 

3 

1 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Measles  

2 

2 

2 

2 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever 

2 

2 

2 

2 

6. 

Whooping  Cough 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

8. 

Grippe  

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.  . 

4 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

3S 

24 

14 

14 

21 

2 

' 'i 

10 

11 

17 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

4 

2 

6 

4 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

181 

3 

15 

3 

7 

8 

3 

15 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases i 

2| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

’ i 

1 

Local 

Diseases 

309 1 

1 155 

154 

162 

89 

56 

2 

136 

40 

133 

16. 

Meningitis 

111 

1 5 

6 

11 

9 

2 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’ rage.  . 

1 17 

1 4: 

13 

5 

5 

7 

4 

3 

‘io 

18. 

Paralysis i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

131 

8 

5 

i3| 

12 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System  . . | 

7| 

3 

1 4 

1 

5 

1 

2 

1 

' ‘4 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

[ 40 

19 

21 

8 

21 

ii 

4 

7 

29 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. ! 

4 

4 

1 

3 

1 

3 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

| 20 

*io 

10 

10 

' ‘4 

6 

9 

11 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia . | 

45 

24 

21 

26 

16 

3 

21 

' 7 

17 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

7 

4 

3 

4 

2 

* i 

2 

1 

4 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs.  . 

30 

20 

10 

30 

28 

2 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . j 

1 

1 

. . . | 

1 

* i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions  . . 1 

1 5 

! 31 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

29. 

Peritonitis 

i 2 

1 ■ 1 

| 1 

1 

i 

* *2 

30. 

Appendicitis  

1 2 

1 

1 2 

2 

2 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System.  . 

19 

1 8 

11 

2 

i2 

5 

1 

3 

15 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

17 

! 12 

5 

5 

8 

4 

2 

3 

12 

33. 

Other  D'is’ses  of  Genito-U rinary  Sys.  . 

p 

2 

1 

3 

3 

34. 

Puerperal  S epticsemia 

4 

4 

4 

1 

3 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

4 i 

4 

4 

3 

1 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue . 

1 

l| 

i 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System . . . 

2 

| ' 2 

. . . 1 

1 2 

2 

38. 

Hydrocephalus  . . . 

I 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

11 

1 1 

1 

40. 

Congenital  Debility.  . . 

331 

20 

13 1 

33 

33 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

2 0 1 

10 

10| 

3 

' ‘4 

'i3 

3 

17 

Violence  . f 191 1 161 

42.  Suicide | 5||  4| 

3| 

1 1| 

9 

2 

7|  3 

1|  2 

5 

2 

5 

1 

9 

2 

43.  Accidents | 14] 

44.  Other  Causes— 111  Defined 1 • • • 1 

1 1|i 

; 2! 

i 7 

6 

1 

-| 

3 

4 

7 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


81 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  March,  1907. 


AGE. 


|103 
1 4 

6 

1 

7 

2 

2 

2 

1 

4 

1 

3 

5 

14 

4 

11 

1 

7 

9 

12 

13 

20 

211 

13 

18 

17 

91 

5 

5 

! l 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

12 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

i 

4 

4 

8 

3 

7 

4 

1 

. . . 

1 

1 

2 

7l 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

13 

3 

3 

1 

2 

4 

1 

2 

6 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

28 

9 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

’ "i 

1 

1 

7 

2 

5 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

’ 2 

1 

3 

4 

1 

1 

i 

i 

4 

1 • ■ • 

2 

2 

1 1 

1 

— 1 

. 

1 

l • • • 

33 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

5 

3 

4 

1 

i • • • 

i 

. . 1. . 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

21  2 

' 1| 

1 2: 

. . . 1 

l 11 

L1! 

1 1 L \ . 

1 . . 

| 

. . I . . 

1 

11 

11 

11 

' i 

... 

1 • • 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 1 

2 

1 

1 

\ 


82 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  5 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other  than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total- 

-All  Causes 

|413||240|173||197|157 

1 57| 

2||164 

| 75(184 

General  Diseases 

iO 

00 

39 

35 

40 

10 

27 

24 

34 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

6 

4 

O 

4 

2 

1 

3 

2 

2. 

Malaria 

3. 

Small  Pox 

4. 

Measles  

5. 

Scarlet  Fever 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6. 

Whooping'  Cough 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

7 

3 

4 

7 

7 

8. 

Grippe  

1 

1 

1 

1 

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

5 

3 

2 

2 

3 

4 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

38 

24 

14 

16 

21 

1 

10 

i3 

15 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

4 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

14. 

Cancer 

18 

7 

11 

12 

6 

2 

4 

12 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 

2 

1 

' ’i 

2 

2 

1 

Local 

Diseases 

297 

165 

132 

144 

105 

46 

2 

1130 

43 

124 

16. 

Meningitis 

8 

5 

3 

6 

2 

5 

1 

2 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

19 

11 

8 

2 

13 

4 

1 

4 

14 

18. 

Paralysis 

2 

2 

2 

2 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

22 

i.6 

6 

22 

21 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . 

4 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

34 

14 

20 

2 

23 

9 

1 

' '8 

25 

22 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

7 

3 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

4 

23.' 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

18 

8 

10 

10 

3 

4 

’ 'i 

11 

2 

5 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

53 

37 

16 

30 

17 

6 

26 

3 

24 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . . 

17 

10 

7 

17 

17 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

8 

4 

4 

1 

7 

1 

2 

5 

29. 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

7 

“5 

2 

' 'i 

2 

1 

2 

4 

' i 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System.  . 

21 

*12 

9 

6 

12 

. 3 

6 

7 

8 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

24 

10 

14 

5 

13 

5 

‘ "i 

3 

2 

19 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

i 

1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

1 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

1 

1 

1 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

31 

1.8 

13 

31 

31 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

12 

6 

6 

1 

2 

9 

3 

9 

Violence  

31 

29 

1 2 

18 

12 

1 

7 

8 

26 

42. 

Suicide 

9 

7 

1 2 

6 

3 

5 

4 

43. 

Accidents 

2211  22 

\...\ 

1 12 

9j 

1 1 

7 

3 

22 

44. 

Other  Causes— 111  Defined.  

I--. 

|... 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


83 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  April,  1907. 


AGE. 


JH* 

i 

>> 

o' 

LD 

o 

in 

© 

in 

© 

in 

© 

in 

© 

in 

O 

in 

© 

in 

o 

in 

o 

O 

rH 

<M 

03 

CO 

CO 

in 

in 

CD 

© 

tr- 

oo 

00 

05 

05 

u 

oi 

CO 

SO 

4) 

O 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

O 

o 

O 

C 

O 

O 

O 

0 

0 

O 

0 

'd 

o 

0 

Q 

o 

o 

■4-> 

+-> 

+-> 

O 

lO 

o 

in 

o 

LO 

o 

in 

o 

in 

o 

in 

o 

in 

o 

Ui 

o 

U5 

_ ^ 

tH 

03 

CO 

in 

T-f 

03 

03 

CO 

CO 

in 

in 

CD 

CD 

00 

<50 

05 

05 

I 9 8 1 1 4 1 8|  7|  4|  5|  6|  11|  16|  13|  20|  17|  16|  27|  20|  24|  21|  26|  15|  25|  11|  3|  5|  1 


1 

3 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

5 

7 

1 

8 

1 

10 

1 

41  4 

10 

7 

5 

4 

2 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

"7 

1 

8 

i 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

: : : 

6 

"3 

1 

' i 

5 

4 

1 

1 

1 

• 1 

2 

2 

3 i 

1 

97 

3 

9 

1 

4 

6 

! . . 

3 

5 

1 

3 

4 

4 

6 

1 

9 

12  13 

12 

18 

1 

16 

1 

2 

1 

22 

15 

20 

10 

3 

5 

1 

1 

1 1 

2 

4 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 21 
1 

1 

1 

6 

1 

4 

’ ‘7 
1 
2 
2 

1 

3 

1 

' 3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

1 

2 
1 
1 

1 

1 

14 
2 

15 

1 

4 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

. „ 

1 

‘i 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

5 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

’ ’i 
2 

1 

1 

4 

' ' 2 
2 

1 

' ’3 

1 

4 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

“i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

. . . 
1 . . . 

1 

1;:; 

1 

i • ■ 

i . . 

1 

i. . . 

i i 
31 

k . . 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

I:::!..2!.1 

1 

l 

3 

1 

5 

3 

1 

4 

1 

4 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

]•■'•)  2|  1 

| l 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1. 3 

3 

1 

2 

i. . 

... 

L. 

84 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  6 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other  than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total- 

-All  Causes 1 

4 3 8 1 j 2 5 1 1 

187|223|148| 

6 6 1 

1 1 1 2 0 7 1 

6 1 1 1 7 0 

General  Diseases 

84 

52 

32 

48 

30 

6 

43 

14 

27 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

4 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2. 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox 

4. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5. 

4 

' 2 

2 

4 

4 

6. 

Whooping-  Cough 

5 

2 

3 

5 

5 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

8 

5 

3 

8 

6 

2 

8. 

Grippe  

] 

1 

1 

i 

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.  . 

12. 

Pulmonary  T u b er  c u 1 osi  s 

38 

26 

12 

22 

15 

1 

18 

8 

12 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

7 

6 

1 

5 

1 

1 

6 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

10 

3 

7 

1 

7 

2 

1 

”3 

6 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 6 

6 

6 

1 

5 

Local 

Diseases 

324 

172 

152 

158 

111 

54 

1 

152 

43 

129 

' 16. 

Meningitis 

6 

5 

1 

6 

5 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

19 

11 

8 

2 

12 

5 

2 

3 

ii 

18. 

Paralysis 

5 

3 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 9. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

22 

14 

8 

22 

21 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

’ 2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

42 

18 

24 

7 

23 

12 

6 

'*5 

31 

22 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

6 

4 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

3 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

17 

8 

9 

12 

4 

1 

12 

1 

4 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

70 

42 

28 

40 

21 

8 

’ i 

40 

8 

22 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

5 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

4 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs.  . 

12 

5 

7 

12 

12 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.  . 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis ...... 

2 

2 

1 

1 

i 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

5 

’ ' 2 

3 

3 

1 

i 

4 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

28 

12 

16 

5 

13 

10 

6 

"7 

15 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

20 

6 

14 

5 

12 

3 

3 

8 

9 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.  . 

4 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

' ' i 

1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

l 

1 

1 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

40. 

Congenital  Debility.  . . 

35 

23 

I 12 

35 

35 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

16 

9|  7 

7 

9 

1 

15 

Violence  

| 3 0J | 27 

1 3I 

1 17 

7 1 6 

12 

41 

1 14 

42. 

Suicide 

1 8||  8 

I...I 

1 3 

2 1 3 

1 

v 2 

1 5 

43. 

Accidents 

22 1 

19 

3i 

1 14 

5 

3 

1... 

11 

2 

9' 

44. 

Other  Causes— 111  Defined 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


85 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  May,  1907. 


1 61  5 

1 

2 

2 

5 

1 

2 

13 

10 

4 

7 

4 

6 

3 

2 

7 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

i 

i 

1 

1 

' ‘3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l . . . 

1 

1 

11 

8 

4 

6 

9 

2 

2 

1 

1 1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

5 

I . . . 

2 

1 

2 

1 

.. .. 

1100 
1 1 

18 

3 

3 

1 

7 

2 

4 

1 

11 

2 

8 

5 

4 

8 

HI 

■13i 

2 4 1 

-18 1 

. . . 1 

16 1 

1 9 1 
. . . 1 

2 2 1 
• . . 1 

.i3,i 

9| 

. . 1 

3| 

3I 

3| 

1 

1 

4 

... 

2 

1 3 

4 

2 

. . . . 

1 

i 

1 

1 

2| 

. . . | 

. . . 1 

. . 1 

1 1 

• • 1 

26 

1 

2 

. . . 1 

. . . | 

. . . . 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

4 

0 

3 

2 

5 

5 

7 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

8 

3 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

'i 

; ■ 

23 

9 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

3 

6 

3 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

3 

1 . *. 

1 

1 

1:: : 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

5 

3 

5 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

35 

. . . 

|. 

".I 

1 ...  I , 

1 

21 

3 

4 

3 

2| 

. . 1 

1 

1 

• • 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

6 

3 

1 

1 

1 

. . I . . 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

.... 

|.  . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

11... 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 3 

1 

j • 

86 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  7 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


General  Diseases | 

1.  Typhoid  Fever | 

2.  Malaria  

951 
1 3 

49 

3 

46 

33 

1 

50 

1 

11 

1 

1 

29 

1 

17 

1 

49 

1 

3 Small  Pox 

4 Measles  

1 

3 

1 

1 

9 

1 

6 Sra.rlet  Fever 

1 

1 

2 

6.  Whooping'  Cough 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup.  . .. 

5 

4 

1 

5 

4 

1 

S.  Grippe  

9 Dysentery 

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection.  . 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

12.  Oth er  forms  of  T'l i he roi 1 1 ms i s 

3 

36 

6 

22 

16 

‘ii 

4 

10 

HI 

3 

19 

2 

i 

1 

14 

5 

2 

2 

2 

20 

1 

13 

12 

2 

13 

5 

1 

2 

’ * 9 
1 
1 
3 

1 

14 

*20 

11 

2 

14.  Cancer 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

7 

1 

" i 

Local 

Diseases 

1 2 5 0 1 

13311171 

134 

66 

49 

1 

129 

30 

91 

16 

Meningitis  

1 10 1 

4 

61 

10 

9 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

1 12 

7 

2 1 
5| 

1 

6 

5 

1 

‘ii 

18. 

Paralysis 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants . . 

} 24 

12 

12 

24 

22 

2 

20 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.  . 

6 

4 

2 

2 

4 

3 

i 

2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

30 

12 

18 

5 

12 

12 

1 

7 

5 

18 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

5 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

19 

11 

8 

’l2 

1 

6 

li 

1 

7 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia . 

35 

24 

11 

20 

11 

4 

16 

9 

10 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  ftespirat’y  System. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . 

18 

6 

12 

is 

17 

1 

27* 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

1 

1 

1 

’ ’ i 

2s: 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

4 

1 

‘ 3 

’ i 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

29 

Peritonitis  . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30 

Appendicitis  

4 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

16 

9 

7 

5 

5 

6 

5 

2 

9 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

14 

7 

7 1 

1 

6 

7 

1 

2 

11 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.  . 

4 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

34. 

'Puerperal  Sept i nmm i 0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

35! 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

37! 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

38. 

Hydrocephalus I 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

1 

1 

1 

40 

Congenital  Debility 

30 

21 

9 

30“ 

30 

4ll 

Senile  Debility i 

9 1 

4 

5 

1 

2 

6 

1 

8 

Violence  i 

4411  37| 

7 

1 21 

19 

3 

1 

13 

71 

24 

42. 

Suicide 1 

15; 

1 HI 

4 

1 6 

6 

2 

1 

4 

4| 

7 

43. 

Accidents I 

27 

25 

2 1 1 14 

12 

1 

8 

16 

44 

3| 

45! 

Homicides 1 

2 

1 

ill  1 

1 

i 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


87 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  June,  1907. 


AGE. 


fc-' 

j 

i 

1 

1 

1 

! 1 

■ 

! 

>> 

d 

d 

d 

O 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

ID 

o 

T“’ 

O 

t-H 

<M 

(M 

CO 

CO 

id 

ID 

CD 

CD 

b- 

00 

00 

05 

05 

rH 

Fh 

CO 

P 

O 

O 

0 

o 

0 

O 

o 

O 

c 

o 

C 

0 

O 

O 

o 

O 

P 

o 

c 

o 

0 

o 

C 

4-> 

o 

ID 

o 

ID 

o 

ID 

o 

ID 

o 

ID 

o 

UO 

o 

LD 

ID 

o 

ID 

P 

1 ^ 

id 

CQ 

<M 

CO 

CO 

ID 

LD 

CD 

CD  , 

b- 

00 

00 

05 

05 

! 9 6 1 1 5 1 8|  6|  5|  7|  3|  8|  25|  26|  13 j 15|  21 1 22]  14|  13 1 17|  18|  22|  16|  12|  3|  4|.. 


4 i 4 

1 

3 

3 

2 

1 

5 

7 

10 

4 

1 

6 

s 

12 

01  7 

4 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

. 

::: 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

| . . . 

1 • • • 

1 

: : : 

1 

' ’ i 

1 

1 1 
l 2 

1 

1 

4 

6 

9 

1 

2 

5 

,.2i 

1 5 

1 i 

i 

2 

1 

1 

il 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

-1 

. . . 1 

. .1 



. . . 

1.  . .1.  .1,  . 

L8 

10 

5 

1 

3 

2 

4 

2 

3 

1 

1 

11 

91 

1| 

2 

1 7 

5 

8 

8 

4 

5 

11 

15 

19 

13 

10 

3 

4 

i 

2 

4 

2 

1 

... 

21 

! 2 
i . . . 

1 

1 

... 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

2 
1 
1 
2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

1 

5 

2 

l 

3 

1 

1 

... 

1 9 
| 9 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

3 

' 'i 

2 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

l 

2 

. . . 
1 

1 15 
| . . . 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

l 

• • 1 • 

• 1 • 

• 1 • 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

i 

' i 

i 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30 

1 • • 

1 • • 

1 • • 

1 

2 

3 

3 

1 

I-  • • 
j.  . . 

1 

2| . . 

1 

1 

1 

2 

7 

5 

7|  2 
3|... 

4 

2 

51.  | 4|  1|  2 

l|...|  3 j . . . | 1 

1 

1 . . . 1 . . . 

1 

| 1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

I 2 

1 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2 

l 

1 

| 1 

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

88 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  8 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

1 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

iA 

c 

d 

xi 

1 

Q 

oJ 

TS 

'a 

'C5 

<X> 

0) 

a) 

M 

3 

u 

O) 

xi 

c 

d 

o 

aJ . 

§ 

g 

a) 

0) 

bio 

I5 

0) 

’E 

d 

Is 

£ 

o 

ro 

5 

O 

Si 

o 

> 

I ® 

a 

js 

1 

0 

Tfl 

P 

be 

1 

o 

p 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

8! 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 


al  Diseases 

Typhoid  Fever 

7ij 

|365 

3611 
• ■ .1 
. . . || 

3 0 1 
3 

37 
1 2 

5 

• --I 

j 

2i|.15 
. . . | . . . 

35 

2 

Malaria  

Small  Pox 

. . . i 

| . . . 

. . . | 

. . . 

. . . i 

...... 

Me.' |^ile»  

. . . i . . . 

1 1 . 

Scarlet  Fever 

3 j 

i 

. . . 

2; 

.31 

... 

. . . i 

2 j 1 

Whooping  Cough 

2 

2 1 

. . . | 

1|  1 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

2 1 

i 

1 

2 

21  ...  ! 

Grippe  

j 

. . . 1 

Dvsenterv 

...  1 

. . . ii  . . . i . . . 

i . . . 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

. .□ 

. . . i 

i . . i . . . 

i . . . ii . . . | . . . 

j . . . 

Purulent  and  Septic  comic  Infection.. 

5| 

2 

3 

1 4 

1 

. . .-ft  2 i 2 

i i 

Pu lmonary  Tu b ercul osi  s 

i 31 

16 

1 5 i 

i 12 

18 

i 

. • .1 

101  8 

l 13 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

I 4 

2 

1 2| 

1 3 

1 

1 . . . 

1 1 . . . 

1 3 

Cancer 

I 161 

7 

1 91 

1.  . . 

14 

2 

. . . 

■ • .1 

1 2 

13 

Other  General  Diseases 

41 

- 

1 2| 

1 1 

1 

1 2' 

...| 

...|  1 

1 3 

LOCAL 

16. 

1' 

18 
1 9 
20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

26 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 


P^P^ASES 

Meningitis 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  HemTrage.  . 

Paralysis 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis.  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia,  and  Broncho-Pneumonia, 
other  Diseases  of  Respirat’v  System. 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . . 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.  . 
Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

Peritonitis 

Anpendicitis  

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System.  . 

Bright’s  Disease 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys . . 
Puerperal  Septicaemia 
Other  Puerperal  Diseases 
Diseases  Qf  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hvdrocephalus 
Other  Malformations. 

Congenital  Debility 
Senile  Debility 


971 1120|  54 
5||  7| . . . 

I 42 

. . . 111081 
...  II  41 

211 

11 

21 

87 

2 

it 

10||  2 1 11 

. . ||  . . . | . . . 

5 

2 

2||  81 . . . 

. . . | j 8 

...1 

H|  3|... 

1 

...II  3 

...| 

1 

13||  61  11 

81 

...II  3 

71 

15 

Violence  

J 26!  24 

2||  10 

141  1 

Ill 

71 

2 

17 

42.  Suicide 

! Up  9 

2||  1 

8 1 1 

LI 

4|  • 

7 

43.  Accidents 

! 1 5 1 1 15 

1.  . .I|  9 

' 61 . . . 

31 

2 

10 

44.  Other  Causes— 111. Defined 


C0MM1SS10NEK  OF  HEALTH 


80 


Sex,  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  July,  1907. 


AGE. 


Under  1 year. 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

3 to  4. 

4 to  6. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  to  75. 

75  to  80. 

00 

0 

0 

OO 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to  100.  ' 

78j  10]  5|  2 1 3|  7|  4|  10|  17|j  18|  15|  9, 

14!  24|  13 1 10|  1 6 1 121  HI  7|  13|  11|  2|  1 

11  31.1-1 

1 

4 

4 

10 

10 

6 

3 

4 

10 

3 

2 

3 

5 

2 

1 

1 • • 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

l 

1 

1 

3 

1 

4 

7 

1 

3 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 . . . 

3 

4 

2 

1 

•1 

5 

1 

1 

( . . . 

1 

1 

| 77 
1 1 
1 

7 

1 

5 

1 

2 

5 

2 

2 

2 

5 

1 

6 

6 

5 

2 

8 

9 

9 

5 

12 

7 

9 

7 

13 

11 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

6 

1 

6 

! 1 
... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

"2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

5 

1 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

... 

! 3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

0 

2 

1 

1 

1 

21 

3 

1 

1 

i 

1 

::: 

i 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

' '2 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

. . 1. 

2 

1 . 

1 

. . | . 

. |.  . 

1 

. . 1 . 

. . | . 

. . 1 . 

. . 1 . 

N 

'l 

1 

1 

38 

i 

1 

4 

5 

2 

1 

1.  . . 

1 2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 4 
| 1 

4 

3 

2 

5 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

I... 

:: :: 

| 

1 2 

1 

I..1 

1 3 

I..1 

I..2 

1 3 

1 

I..1 

1 - 

|. . . 

90 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  9 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

Male. 

si 

1 

h t 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Widowed. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other  than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total- 

-All  Causes |377'|199|178||199|122| 

5 5 1 

1 1 1 1 9 2 1 

4 8 1 1 3 7 

General  Diseases 

74 

29 

45 

30 

29 

15 

• • .1 

26 

14 

34 

1. 

7 

4 

3 

5 

2 

2 

2 

3 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox 

4. 

Measles  

| . . . 

5. 

2 

1 

l 

2 

1 

1 

6. 

1 

l 

1 

1 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

3 

3 

3 

3 

8. 

Grippe  

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

I . . . 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection.. 

1 

l 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

33 

‘ii 

22 

141 

1 ii 

5 

15 

6 

12 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

3 

3 

4 

l 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 4. 

Cancer 

18 1 

5 

13 

10 

8 

1 

3 

14 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 

1 2 

1 

* ‘ i 

2 

2 

1 

Local 

Diseases 

271 1 

|143 

128 

153 

79 

38 

11 

156 

27 

88 

16. 

Meningitis 

4’ 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

21 

13 

8 

1 

11 

9 

1 

8 

12 

18. 

Paralysis 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

15 

9 

6 

15 

15 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

6 

2 

4 

5 

1 

3 

3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

33 

19 

14 

' 3 

24 

’ ’6 

’ ‘6 

3 

24 

22 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

fj 

1 2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

23! 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

11 

! 5 

6 

7 

2 

-2 

7 

4 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . . 

62 

30 

32 

62 

61 

1 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

’ 2 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

17 

13 

’ ’4 

6 

8 

3 

5 

3 

9 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

18 

12 

6 

4 

9 

5 

2 

3 

13 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  GenitO'-Urinary  Sys. 

7 

3 

4 

1 

6 

2 

1 

4 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

6 

6 

6 

4 

2 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System . 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

1 

1 

1 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

40. 

Oongeni tal  D eb  i lity 

45 

25 

20 

45 

45 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

9 

2 

7 

1 9 

1 2 

7 

Violence  

32 

\ 27 

5 

II  16 

1 14 

2 

10 

7 

15 

42. 

Suicide 

4 

1 2 

2 

II  1 

| 3 

1 

3 

43. 

Accidents 

| 28 

25 

3 

15 

11 

2 

10 

6 

12 

44. 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


91 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  August,  1907. 


AGE. 


j 

>» 

© 

in 

© 

lO 

©' 

W* 

© 

in 

©" 

in" 

© 

lO 

o 

lO 

© 

© 

in 

o 

© 

Cl 

CO 

CO 

in 

m 

CO 

CO 

t- 

t- 

00 

oo 

© 

© 

rH 

CO 

P 

CO 

<1) 

o 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

O 

o 

c 

o 

o 

o 

0 

c 

© 

c 

'S 

0 

O 

0 

0 

o 

4-> 

-*-* 

■*"* 

-M 

ri 

1 

o 

in 

o 

in 

© 

lO 

© 

in 

© 

LO 

o 

lO 

o 

lO 

o 

in 

© 

1/5 

P 

rH 

Cl 

CO 

1-1 

Cl 

Cvl 

CO 

CO 

in 

LO 

CD 

CO 

00 

oo 

© 

05 

I ___  I I 

! 1 2 5 1 1 3 1 5|  2|  3|  7j  5|  10|  18|~  17|  12|  11]  14)  19|  19|  16]  23|  17|  9|  12]  9]  11|.  . . 


2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

2 

6 

2 

11 

3 

8 

1 

5 

4 

4 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

8 

6 

3 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 1 2 3 

1 1 

9 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

5 

1 

5 

6 

9 

11 

1 

1 

12 

1 

3 

13 

18 

13 

5 

9 

8 

10 

3 

1 

3 

2 

3 

3 

2 

13 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

5 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

8 

3 

1 

1 

’ 'i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

l 

1 

55 

| 7 

2 

1 

1 

1 

l 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

3 

4 
2 

2 

4 

1 

l 

l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

i 

1 

44 

1 

l 

2 

6 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

5 

1 

4 

2 

2|  1 

:::!  5 

4 

1 

1 

!••• 

i , 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

4 

1 2 

2 

1 

4 1 4 

1 

1 

. . . 1 . . . 

1 

92 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 


TABLE  No.  io — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


General  Diseases.  

74 

39 

35 

40 

29 

5 

41 

11 

22 

1. 

8 

6 

O 

4 

4 

6 

2 

2. 

3 

4. 

5. 

6. 

4 

1 

3 

4 

4 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

5 

5 

5 

4 

1 

8. 

Grippe  

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases'.  . . . 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection . . 

6 

2 

4 

4 

2 

5 

1 

12. 

Pi 1 1 mona ry  Ti i hern 1 1 os.i  s 

23 

13 

10 

13 

10 

16 

2 

5 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis.  . 

4 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

14. 

Cancer 

22 

8 

14 

5 

12 

5 

4 

5 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

2 J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Local 

Diseases 

246 

138 

108 

156 

60 

28 

2 

1151 

33 

62 

16. 

Meningitis 

4 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.  . 

14 

6 

“8 

1 

8 

5 

3 

*3 

8 

18. 

Paralysis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

9 

5 

4 

9 

9 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.  . 

4 

l 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

23 

12 

11 

8 

9 

5 

1 

6 

7 

10 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

23. 

Bronchitis  Acute  and  Chronic 

8 

n 

1 

6 

2 

5 

2 

1 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

16 

10 

6 

7 

8 

1 

7 

3 

6 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

4 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . . 

56 

28 

28 

56 

53 

3 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.  . 

7 

4 

3 

4 

3 

3 

3 

i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

29 

Peritonitis 

5 

3 

' *2 

’ 2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

30. 

Appendicitis 

4 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

12 

6 

6 

5 

3 

3 

’ ‘i 

6 

1 

5 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

15 

10 

5 

2 

8 

5 

3 

2 

10 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.  . 

4 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

34. 

Pu  erperal  S epticaemia 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

2 

i 

1 

' *2 

2 

37. 

Diseases  of  Doioomoitor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

2 

2 

2 

2 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

1 

1 

1 

40. 

Congenital  Debilitv 

44 

29 

15 

44 

43 

1 

41. 

Senile  Debility . , 

1 7 

3 

4 

1 

6 

’ ’ 7 

Violence  

36 

| 27 

9 

18 

15! 

1 

2 

9 

7 

20 

42. 

Suicide 

11 

1 9 

2 

4 

5| 

2 

1 

10 

43. 

Accidents 

25 

18 

71 

14 

10 

1 

8 

7 

10 

44. 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


93 


/ 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  September,  1907. 


AGE. 


5 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

5 

1 

9 

2 

9 

1 

6 

1 

2 

2 

4 

4 

4 

5 

4 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

8 

4 

] 

1 

’ ‘i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

g 

3 

2 

1 

3 

1 

118 

14 

1 

4 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

6 

3 

6 

6 

5 

8 

10 

10 

1 

2 

13 

1 

2 

7 

10 

9 

5 

i! 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

8 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

g 

3 

1 

2 

4 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

50 

6 

1 

2 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

d- 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

l.j 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

42 

2 

I-  • • 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i|. . . 

3 

1 

3 

1 

4 

2 

7 

2 

4 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 1 1 
2|  1 

1 1|  H... 

1.  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

5 

4 

1 3 

1 

1 

Over  100. 


94 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  1 1 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

1 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other  than  Mil. 

Foreign. 

Total- 

-All  Causes | 

384' 

|227| 

157||193|135| 

54 

1 2 1 1 1 6 0 1 

631161 

General  Diseases 

72 

48 

24 

29 

33 

9 

1 

33 

13 

26 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

8 

7 

1 

4 

4 

3 

3 

2 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox 

4. 

Measles  

5. 

Scarlet  Fever 

6. 

Whooping  Cough 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

9 

6 

3 

7 

1 

1 

6 

3 

1 

s’ 

Grippe  

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection . . 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

17 

12 

“5 

6 

7 

4 

9 

’ ‘3 

5 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

4 

2 

6 

6 

14. 

Cancer 

I 21 

13 

8 

1 

15 

5 

3 

5 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 8 

3 

5 

3 

5 

5 

3 

Local 

Diseases 

1 2 6 5 1 

140 

125 

143 

79 

42 

1 

119 

41 

105 

16. 

Meningitis 

7 

4 

3 

7 

7 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem ’rage.  . 

17 

9 

8 

3 

7 

7 

2 

3 

12 

18. 

Paralysis 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

14  1 

11 

3 

14 

14 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . 

7 

3 

4 

1 

6 

2 

2 

3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

36 

14 

8 

16 

11 

1 

3 

10 

23 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

7 

6 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

6 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

10 

4 

6 

7 

1 

2 

“7 

3 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia . 

31 

15 

16 

19 

9 

3 

14 

’ ’2 

15 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

7 

5 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

5 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . . 

22 

13 

9 

12 1 

. . .2 

19 

3 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis',  over  2 yrs.. 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

2 

2- 

2 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis 

4 

’ ’2 

2 

4 

1 

1 

2 

30. 

Appendicitis  

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

24 

12 

12 

9 

12 

3 

7 

6 

’ii 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

151 

8 

7 

3 

8 

4 

2 

4 

9 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genit o^ Urinary  Sys.  . 

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

2 

3 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases.  . 

3 

3 

3 

1 

2 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

o 1 

2 

’ * 2 

2 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System . . 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

39. 

Other  Malformations. . . 

4 

3 

1 

4 

4 

40. 

Congenital  Debility.  . 

33 

17 

16 

33 

31 

2 

41. 

Senile  Debility. . 

.11 

I 7 

4 

2 

3 

6 

3 

”8 

Violence  

1 47 

' 39 

8 

21 

| 23 

3 

8I 

1 9 

30 

42. 

Suicide 

[ 5 

1 5 

1 

1 3 

1 

5 

43. 

Accidents 

42 

1 34 

81 

20 

20 

2 

8 

9 

25 

44. 

Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


95 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  October,  1907. 


AGE. 


! 5 

1 

1 

I 

4 

1 

2 

1 

6 

4 

3 

1 

5 

5 

1 5 

1 

7 

1 

5 

5'! 

5 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1:: 

::: 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

i . . . 

1 

i 11 

• • • 1 

. . . | 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

...1 

... 

1 

1 

1 

4 

4 

4 

3 

2 

i 

1 

1 

1 

3| 

1 

2 

• OO 

. f-i  m 

I 12 
1 

1 3 

! 2 

3 

7 

1 

3 

1 

16 

1 

1 

5 

11 

2 

3 

4 

7 

9 

5 

12 

14 

19 

18 

16| 

8 

5 

,.1.. 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

4 

2 

• • ■ 1 

12 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

‘ '<3 

1 

3 

2 

2 

2 

4 

1 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

1 

’ 2 
1 

2 

’ 'i 
1 

2 

1 

7| 

7 

5 

i 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

19 
I . . . 

3 

i 

1 

1 

1 

I . . . I 

1 

. . . 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

‘ 2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

' i 

1 • • 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

5 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

1 

i-  • 

1 2 

|..  . 

1 

1 3 
33 

1 

2 

2 

4 

2 

i 

1... 
I - • • 

1!  1 

1 

1 

1 2 

1 

3 

6 

1 

7 

1 5 

3|  5 

6 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

| 1 

1 

1..1 

2 

1 

3 

5 

7 

I,.5 

3 

4 

5 

1 

1 

1 

. . 1 . . 

96 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  12 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

s 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Cfc 

§ 

43 

s 

$ 

p 

<V 

*3 

*d 

'd 

<u 

I 

<D 

43 

ri 

o 

a> 

1 

c3 

hi 

a 

<u 

£ 

£ 

o 

2 

o 

s-l 

o 

> 

d 

j* 

6 

02 

_bn 

S 

Sh 

O 

A 

33 

5 

s 

P’ 

P 

Total— All  Causes |321[|159|1G2||151|106|  62 1 2||138;  46 1137 


General  Diseases 

681 

341 

34 

30 

28 

10 

28 

17 

23 

1 

51 

5 

4 

1 

3 

1 

1 

| 

3. 

Small  Pox 

. . . I 

1 

4. 

1 

1 

. . . | 

21 

2 

2 

2 

G 

1 1 ; I 

Diphtheria,  and  Croup 

10J 

2; 

8 

10 

8 

1 

1 

8. 

Grippe  

1 

9. 

Dysentery 

| 

i . . . 1 . . . 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsexnic  Infection 

| 1 

12. 

Piilmnnn  rv  TPherriilnisis  . . 

i 11 

1 12 

7 

13 

8 

8 

5 

10 

] 3. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

5! 

1 

4 

2 

5 

I 1 

14. 

Cancer 

2tj 

10 

\ 11 

2 

12 

7 

' 9 

ii 

1 5. 

Other  General  Diseases 

1| 

1 1 

1 

. . . | . . . 

1 

LO  "!AL 

Diseases 

[ 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 

122| 

1 1 1 5 

66 

5 1 

rl 

107 

22' 

104 

16. 

IVrprpngitis j 

1 6 1 2 

4 

1 6 

6 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem ’rage.. 

! 12 

1 5 

7 

5 

7 

2 

' 10 

1 8. 

Para.lv  sis 

| . . . 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants.  . 

1 8 

... 

6 

2 

8 

8 

... 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.  . 

I 2 

I 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

I 37 

1 20 

17 

‘ ‘6 

17 

13 

‘ *i 

’ ’8 

6 

23 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

1 51 

I 1 

4 

1 

2 

2 

1 

' 2 

! 2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

1 ill 

1 4 

7 

4 

2 

5 

4 

1 7 

24’. 

Pneumonia,  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 

| 17 

15 

14 

10 

8 

9 

i 

1 22 

2 g 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System . 

O 1 

1 1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

I 1 

26! 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

! 17! 

12 

17 

16 

! 1 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  over  2 yrs 

1 5 

1 . . . 

28! 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  . 

41 

... 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

20. 

Peritonitis 

41 

1 2 

2 1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

l! 

1 

1 

1 

21. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

13! 

f 6 

7 

4 

8 

1 

4 

2 

’ *7 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

221 

1 12 

10 

5 

10 

7 

3 

1 

18 

3 3. 

Other  Dis'ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.  . 

I 3 

1 3 

1 

2 

3 

3 4. 

Pu  er  p era  1 Septicoem  i a 

1 . . . I 

other  Puerperal  Diseases 

... 

1.  . . 

2 

1 

1 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue . 

1 ^ ! 

i"i 

| i 

1 

1 

i 

1 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

2 .s! 

H vdro'cep  h a 1 u s 

A.  ...!... 

29. 

Other  Malformations 

L i..  1.. 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

1 42 1 

•>  0 

1 20 

42 

| . . . 

42 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

! 7| 

! “3 

1 4 

3 

4 1 • • • 

1 

6 

I 19| 

13 

1 6!t  5 

12 

1 

11 

2 

7 

10 

42. 

Suicide ; 

1 5| 

I 3 1 2 1 

I-  • * 

4 

i| 

1 

4 

43. 

Accidents 

! HI 

' 10 

41 

.5 

. 8 

1; 

. 1 

|.  7 

6 

44. 

Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

1 1 1 

| , 1 

...| 

1 

1 

, • • • 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


97 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  November,  1907. 


AGE. 


c 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

3 

cu 

>> 

d 

m 

o’ 

in 

O* 

in 

o’ 

in 

o' 

in 

o 

in 

o* 

in 

o 

in' 

o’ 

in 

® 

o’ 

CM 

CM 

CO 

CO 

•*»< 

in 

1C 

o 

o 

00 

oo 

o 

05 

CO 

O 

tH 

cu 

o 

O 

o 

o 

O 

0 

o 

O 

o 

0 

O 

o 

O 

O 

O 

o 

o 

0 

rO 

o 

o 

O 

O 

O 

o 

m 

o 

m 

o 

in 

o 

in 

o 

in 

o 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

m 

o 

in 

l ^ 

01 

CO 

in 

rH 

CM 

CM 

CO 

CO 

^ 1 

I ^ 

HO 

LO 

o 

o 

oo 

cn 

05 

05 

| 80 1 1 9 1 5J  1 1 2 1 4|  7 1 9|  14|  12 1 13 1 16 1 10|  10|  15|  17|  15|  13|  11|  22|  12|  10|  3[  1 


1 

6 

2 

2 

3 

i 

i 

5 

1 

7 

2 

3 

3 

6 

1 

4 

4 

3 

6 

4 

2 

4 

1 

1 

i . . . 

... 

1 

1 

• : 

4 

2 

2 

. 2 

...  i 

...1 

. i 

. i 

. . 1 

...i 

2 

2 

4 

1 

2 

1 

3 

4 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

:::! 

1 

. . . 

V 

1 

1 

9 

6 

3 

2 

3 

1 

1 

ii 

. . . 1 

| 79 
4| 

I 131 

21 

1 

a 

i 

6 

3 

5 

5 

8 

& 

6j  5 

10 

9 

9 

11 

10 

18 

11 

9I 

i 

1 

i 

2 

3 

2 

3 

..1l 

" 

. . . i . . . 

. . . i . . . 

5 

3 

. . . i . . . 

1 

2 

1 

5 

. . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

' 'i 

1 

4 

4 

1 

3 

3 

J 1 

6 

1 

’i 

j i 

4 

4 

'is 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

3 

| 1 
1 2 

3 

4 

1 

4 

1 

2 

2 

. . u. 

1 

! b 

1 

... 

3 

2 

1 

2 

ii 

1 . . 

| 

1 

1 

H 

i 

::: 

1| 
. . J 

. . 1 . 

l 

|. . . 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

... 

i 

i . . . 

... 
| . . . 

I 

... 

i . . 

1 - - - | 

. | 

. | 

1 3! 
2 

3 

1 

i 

i 

i 

2 

1 1 i 

i 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

i 

1 

1 

1 

. . 

. • . 

i 

42 

1 

j 1 

1 3 

i i 

! 9 

1 1 

| XI  XI 

i . . i . . 

1 

1 

i 

11  2 
1|... 

4 

1 

2 

i 

i 

i 

2 

1 

2 

11. ..|  11 
1 i 

1 

i 

1... 

i 

. . . 

. . . 

n1 

i . . 

2 

3 

2 

i i 

! 2 1 1 

1 

1 

1 

98 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  13 — Showng  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex. 

Social 

Condition 

Nativity. 

i 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

m 

c 

cC 

si 

rt 

<D 

Q 

d 

'C 

<v 

V 

q3 

<L> 

X 

D 

U 

<v 

si 

C* 

a; 

O) 

£ 

£ 

cd  ' 

0 

.be 

Total 

Male. 

QS 

e 

(V 

C 

m 

'E 

U 

a3 

s 

0 

* 

6 

§ 

72 

£ 

"S 

u 

0 

fc 

Total — All  Causes 1 353 1 1 182 1 171 1 1 177 1 115 1 60|  1||150|  59|144 


General  Diseases 

76 

36 

40 

31 

35 

10 

29 

18 

29 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2. 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox 

4. 

Measles  

1 

1 

1 

1 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6. 

Whooping  Cough 

7. 

Diptheria  and  Croup 

9 

4 

5 

9 

7 

1 

1 

S. 

Grippe  

1 

1 

1 

1 

9. 

Dysentery  

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases . . 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection . 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

30 

16 

14 

13 

13 

4 

16 

4 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis.  . 

3 

1 

2 

3 

3 

14. 

Cancer 

21 

9 

12 

1 

14 

6 

1 

7 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

4 

3 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

Local 

Diseases  

258 

131 

127 

136 

72 

49 

1 

116 

37 

105 

16. 

Meningitis  

10 

7 

3 

10 

5 

3 

2 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage. 

2-1 

12 

9 

2 

12 

7 

2 

19 

18. 

Paralysis 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

10 

6 

4 

' io 

9 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System. 

5 

1 

4 

2 

2 

i 

1 

1 

* *3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

33 

16 

17 

9 

12 

12 

9 

7 

17 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  Sys. 

8 

3 

5 

1 

5 

2 

1 

1 

6 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic.  . . . 

9 

5 

4 

4 

2 

3 

4 

5 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneum’nia 

37 

18 

19 

17 

10 

9 

’ *i 

15 

' *6 

16 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  Sys.  . 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  und’r  2 yrs 

8 

6 

2 

8 

8 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs. 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstruct’ns. 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis 

3 

’ * i 

2 

1 

2 

* *2 

1 

30 

A pppnOipitis  

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  Syst’m 

21 

11 

10 

9 

7 

5 

6 

2 

13 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  . . 

17 

8 

9 

3 

8 

6 

2 

5 

10 

33 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urin’y  Sys. 

34! 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

. . . 

35. 

Oth^r  Pnprnorn.1  Diseases 

1 3 j 

| . . . 

i 3 

1 1 2 

| 1 

| . . . 

. . . 

i'l  2 

1 

1 . . . 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue 

1 

| . . . 

1 

1 

“ 1 

.... 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System . . . 

. . . I 

... 

... 

38! 

Hydrocephalus  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

::: 

39! 

Other  Malformations  

1 

1 

! ! ! ! 

1 

1 

1 

40* 

Congenital  Debility  

47 

26 

21 

47 

47 

4l! 

Senile  Debility 

8 

5 

3| 

2 

2 

4 

2 

1 6 

Violence  

19||  15 
7|j  6 

411  101  81  11... 

Hi  5|  1|  1|... 

1 tool  I 

41  10 
11  3 

42.  Suicide 

43  Accidents  , T 

11 

1 9 

1 2||  4|  7| | | 

2 

• . . 1 

1 31  6 

4 4 Other  Causes  111  Defined 

...  || ...........  .1 

I . . . 1 . . . 

45.  Homicide ...  y . . : . v 

1 

| . . . 

1 111  l|...|...|...| 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


99 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  December,  1907. 


AGE. 


Under  1 year. 

o 

2 to  3. 

ip 

00 

cr> 

O 

© 

o 

Ip  j 

UO 

O 

o 

o’ 

o 

LO 

1 

1 

LO 

o 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

35  to  40. 

to 

Tf« 

o 

o 

o’ 

o 

LO> 

*** 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

o 

o 

o 

<o 

65  to  70. 

70  to  75. 

7'5  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

| 95  to  100.  1 

92 1 11 1 5 1 4 1 2 1 10|  6 1 7 1 12 1 16 1 13 1 15|  14|  21 1 17|  18|  18|  16|  18|  23 1 9|  5|  1| . . 

4 

1 

2 

2 

1 

4 

i 

3 

5 

7 

7 

5 

4 

1 

7 

8 

7 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

4 

1 

6 

5 

3 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

' '3 

7 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

87 


10 

3 

2 

1 

5 

5 

4 

4 

8 

3 

9 

8 

10 

8 

11 

14 

12 

17 

22 

9 

5 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

4 

3 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

i 

5 

2 

1 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

' i 

2 

3 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

‘3 

4 

2 

i 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

4 

2 

1 

i 

i 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

4 

1 

i 

i 

|.  . . 

2I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

i 

1 

3 

1 

... 

100 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  14 — Showing  by  Wards  the  Estimated  Population, 

of  the  More  Important 


WARDS. 

Population. 

Total  Deaths. 

Annual  Death  Rate. 

Deaths  Under  1 Year. 

Deaths  1 to  5 Years. 

First  

9700 

83 

8.55 

10 

! 

3 | 

Second  

10100 

136 

13.46 

32 

10 

Third  

5600 

91 

16.60 

25 

11 

Fourth  

11200 

144 

12.85 

29 

8 

Fifth  

10600 

142 

13.39 

41 

11 

Sixth  

14800 

165 

11.14 

33 

9 1 

Seventh  

7400 

78 

10.54 

17 

I 

3 1 

Eighth  

11700 

133 

11.38 

20 

.1 

Ninth  

20000 

203 

10.15 

50 

17 

Tenth  

19000 

196 

10.35 

58 

10  |' 

Eleventh  

28400 

304 

10.09 

101 

26  ] 

Twelfth  

15500 

188 

12.13 

59 

J 

Thirteenth  

22500 

236 

10.49 

56 

14  j 

Fourteenth  

26300 

434 

16.50 

214 

1 

59  | 

Fiftpnnth  

14800 

169 

11.42 

31 

7| 

Sixteenth  

11600 

118 

10.17 

21 

4 | 

Seventeenth  

13200 

149 

11.29 

40 

13  i 

Eighteenth  

18000 

184 

10.22 

37 

14  | 

Ninpitnpnth  

14200 

143 

10.07 

36 

1 

9 < 

Twentieth  

22600 

201 

8.84 

52 

21  i 

Twenty-first  

16600 

192 

11.32 

50 

i 

21  f 

1 

Twenty-second  

15400 

170 

11.04 

52 

19  1 

Twenty-third  

10300 

107 

10.39 

27 

6i 

TTnarntol  

671 

318 

25 ; 

1 

Total  

I 

| 350000 

j 4637 

1207 

338  I 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


101 


Total  Deaths,  Annual  Death  Rate  and  Number  of  Deaths  from  some 
Causes,  for  the  Year  1907. 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Typhoid  Fever. 

Measles. 

Scarlet  Fever. 

Whooping  Cough. 

Diphtheria. 

Small  Pox. 

Tubucular  Diseases. 

Cancer. 

Nervous  System. 

Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis. 

Pneumonia. 

Nephritis. 

Diarrhoeal 

Violence. 

WARDS. 

1 

1 

1 

10 

3 

11 

13 

10 

7 

6 | 

First 

3 

1 

1 

.... 

9 

8 

22 

IS 

'V 

14 

2 1 

7 

12 

i 

1 

1 

1 

2 

10 

10 

5 

12 

16 

7 

7 

1 

10 

1 

13 

7 

10 

24 

8 

16 

10 

6 | 

24 

Fourth 



1 

1 

1 

.... 

12 

4 

24 

9 

5 

17 

6 

14 

14 

Fifth 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

.... 

20 

5 

30 

20 

4 

10 

71 

11 

1 | 

1 

j 2 

8 

11 

13 

6 

6 | 

7 

2 1 

9 | 

Seventh 

6 

2 

2 1 

1 

13 

8 

16 

23 

5 

14  1 

4 

7 1 

1 

si 

1 1 

Eighth 

1 4 

1 

1 | 

3 

26 

5 

40 

24 

8 

16 

11  1 

9 

! 'I 

Ninth 

2 

.... 

1 

4 

24 

7 

26 

24  1 

9 

20  1 

12 

15  | 

5 1 

Tenth 

2 

4 

7 

45 

15 

29 

18 

16 

27 

15 

26 

11 

Eleventh 

4 I 

3 

28 

3 

25 

14  1 

7 

20 

12 

20  | 

16  | 

Twelfth 

1 

1 1 

1 3 

38 

1 

17  1 

34 

1 

25  j 

5 

24  1 

1 

i10! 

'*1 

4 

1 

1 8 | 

4 

....| 

H 

33 

12  1 

I 

33 

* 

1 

21  1 

49  | 

13  ! 

i 

81 

13 

Fourteenth 

| 4 | 

1 

2 1 

H 

10  1 

20 

23  | 

8 1 

21  1 

H 1 

1 t 

7 

6 1 

Fifteenth 

1 

I 

1 j 

C" 

12 

8 

14 

1 

16  | 

7 ! 

10 ! 

1 ! 

6 | 

1 

7 | 

1 1 

13  1 

Sixteenth 

1 3 

I 

1 

3 

.... 

a 

13 

7 

15 

19 

5 

16  I 

9 

H 

i14! 

Seventeenth 

[ 4 

3 

5 

19 

13 

21 

21  1 

4 

15  | 

13 

5 | 

16  | 

Eighteenth 

1 2 

5 1 

....| 

1 18 

10  1 

19 

18 

5 

14  I 

4 

4| ' 

7 j 

Nineteenth 

2 

j 

1 

4| 

1 18  j 

'» 

30 

1 

28  | 

8 

1 

21  | 

1 

7 1 

n 

J 

Twentieth 

1 

1 | 

1 

«i 

.... 

....1 

'J 

[12| 

24 

I 

22  I 

5 

1 

20  | 

7'l 

7| 

a; 

4 

2 

5 1 

1 14  | 

5 

19 

5 | 

11 

33  I 

4 | 

14  | 

9 | 

. Twenty-second 

1 2 

1 

j 

4j 

...j 

1 1 

8 1 

1 

9 

17 

131 

'I 

1 

12  1 

1 

4| 

•1 

.7,' 

29 

2 

10 1 

I 

1 I 

1 

1 i 1 

20  ! 
1 

44 

1 

55 

47  | 
1 

5 I 
1 

| 

39  I 

1 

21  1 
■ 1 

29  | 

116  j 

Hospitals 

84  j 

! H 

20 

16 1 

85  1 
1 

1! 

1 

1 

433  j 

1 

230  | 
1 

555 

I I 
463  1170  1 
1 

i 1 1 

467  |212  |315  1 
1 1 1 

353  j 

Total 

102 


ANNUAL  BEPOET  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  15. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Number  of  Deaths  Occurring  in  the  Various 
Public  and  Private  Institutions,  Hospitals,  Reformatories, 

Etc.,  for  the  Year  1907. 


HOSPITALS. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

>? 

3 

•-5 

August, 

September.  1 

October. 

November. 

1 

1 Pecember.  I| 

St.  Joseph’s ...j 

1 

6 1 
I 

1 

5 1 

I 

5,1 

1 

2 1 

1 

1 

6 1 
| 

5 

1 

5 1 

1 

1 

4 1 

8 ! 

1 

4 1 

4 

Home  for  Aged | 

5 1 

I 

5 I 

I* 

1 

6 1 
1 

2 j 

2 

5I 

4 

1 

4'  | 

2 j 

6j 

4 j 

6 

Milwaukee  | 

I 

5 1 

I 

^ 1 
I 

6 1 

6 1 

17 

9! 

I 

4 

5 1 

5 1 

7 1 

I 

6 i 

5 

1 

St.  Mary’s | 

i 

2 1 
I 

4 1 

[ 

1 

I 

6 1 
I 

3 

g 1 
I 

5 

2 1 
I 

5 

6 1 

1 

5 | 

3 

Mt.  Sinai [ 

I 

1 

1 1 

2 1 

I 

3 1 

1 1 

1 

2 1 

3 i 

I 

1 

2 1 

3 

1 

3. 

1 

Emergency  | 

1 

9 1 

5 1 

1 

2 J 

6,1 

I 

1 

6 i 

10  1 
1 

5 

4 1 
1 

1 

7| 

9 

1 

6 

4 

l 

St.  Vincent’s | 

1 

1 

2 1 

l 

..... 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

2 1 
| 

2 1 

1 

1 

6 | 

2 

1 

5 1 

3 | 

I 

3 

I 

6 

3 

1 

Lake  Side | 

1 

2 I 

2 1 

1 

1 j 

1 | 

3 j 

1 

i..J 

3 

...J 

4 I 

1 

Trinity  

1 

1 

1 10  [ 

I 

1 

11 J 

14 

1 

11  j 

1 

6 1 
1 



1 

1 8 | 

I 

1 

9 

1 

2 1 

1 

1 

10  1 

1 

' 5 1 

5 

1 

Post  Graduate ! 

1 

,...| 

1 1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 1 

I 

1 

1 

i l! 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 ' 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

2: 

1 

Knowlton  | 

6 1 
I 

3! 

1 

2 

1 

1 6 | 

I 

1 

5 

1 

4 

1 

! 2 

1 

1 

2 1 
1 

4 1 

4 

2' 

'■  | 

Others  

1 

1 2I 

4! 

1 

1 4 | 

1 

1 

1 2 

1 5 

1 

3 

1 1 

! 1 

1 

House  of  Correction 

| 

1 

2 I 

1 

2 

1 

Children’s  

l 4 j 

- 1 

I 

4 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 2| 

1 

4 

1 3 



! 5 

n 

1 

2 

1 



1 

1 1 

1 'I 

1 

1 

Notre  Dame 

1 2 | 

1 

1 

! 

...,| 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

! 

Infants’  Nome  

1 

1 1 1 

.... 

2 

1 

1 I 

|.... 

1 

4 

H D.  Hospital 

1 

1 I 

.... 
1 1 

1 

I 

1 | 

2 

1 3 

1 

I 4 

2 

2 

Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Girls. 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1.... 

Hanover  

1 1 

1 2 
1 1 

1 4 

1 

.... 

;i 

1 

1 

I ■ 

1 2 

! 1 

1 

1 

1 2 
I 

2 

1 

i 

1 3 

"Riverside  

1 1 1 

1 

1 

2 

|.... 

Maternity  Hospital... 

1 1 
| 

1 

2 

j 

1 

1 3. 

Sacred  Heart 

1 1 



1 

.... 

1 1 
....1 

! 1 

1.... 

Total 


COMMISSIONS  OF  II FALTH. 


103 


TABLE  No.  1 6. 

# 

Showing  the  Nativity  of  those  Dying  in  the  City  During  1907. 


UNITED  STATES.  FOREIGN. 


Milwaukee  1,986 

Wisconsin  other  than  Milwaukee..  31? 

New  York 102 

Illinois  51 

Pennsylvania  28 

Massachusetts  I1 

Michigan  35 

Ohio  20 

Vermont  9 

Indiana  14 

New  Jersey 4 

Kentucky  4 

Iowa 10 

Maine  6 

Missouri  7 

Minnesota  ....  11 

Virgiriia  2 

Maryland  4 

Louisiana 2 

Tennessee  1 

California 2 

New  Hampshire  3 

Connecticut  13 

South  Dakota 2 

Rhode  Island 1 

Alabama  1 

Nebraska 1 

West  Virginia 1 

Florida \ 

Mississippi  1 

North  Dakota 3 

Texas  2 

Georgia  3 

District  of  Columbia ] 

South  Carolina 1 

U.  S.— Unknown,  not  stated 7.: 

Total 2,73< 


Germany  1,165 

Poland  205 

Ireland  109- 

England  50 

Bohemia  51 

Norway 32 

Austria  104 

Canada  38 

Holland  22 

Russia  30 

Scotland  15 

Italy  17 

Switzerland  13 

Sweden  11 

Wales  3 

New.  Brunswick 2 

Syria 1 

Roumania 2 

Denmark  7 

France o 

Finland  1 

Nova  Scotia 1 

Bavaria  2 

Greece  11 

Belgium  2 

Unknown  2 

Total 1,901 

Grand  total 4,637 


104 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  17. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Disposition  in  the  Various  Cemeteries  and 
Otherwise,  of  the  Bodies  of  Those  for  Whom  Burial  or 
Removal  Permits  were  Issued  During  the 
Year  1907. 


CEMETERIES, 

Etc. 

T 1 
January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

— 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October.  * 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Permits  for 

Still  Births. 

Permits  for  Bodies 
Brought  to  City. 

Grand  Total. 

1 

Union  | 

10O 

101 

88 

I 

1 

88 1 

87 

90 

69 

63 

72 

63 

67 

77 

965 

98 

112 

1175 

Forest  Home | 

| 53 

! 74 

53 

531 

55 

46 

| 33 

45 

47 

36 

45 

37 

577 

52 

149 

778 

| 

Forest  Home  Crem’y.| 

1 

1 7 

1 10 

1 4 

6| 

4 

2 

2 

2 

3 

6 

2 

2 

50 

10 

60 

| 

Calvary  | 

105 

1 

1 85 

98 

) 98 1 

102 

95 

78 

84 

82 

97 

92 

90 

1106 

110 

• 36 

1252 

Polish  Union 

1 

59 

| 60 

I 55 

1 

1 42 1 

83 

46 

45 

73 

61 

56 

44 

46 

670 

52 

4 

726 

Pilgrim’s  Rest 

19 

i 27 

23 

1 

35 1 
| 

29 1 

25 

17 

27 

21 

29 

10 

22 

284 

33 

8 

325 

1 

Wanderer’s  Rest | 

23] 

| 24 

I 

24 

1 

19| 

I 

22 

21 

24 

21 

24 

24 

- 10 

26 

262 

18 

13 

293 

Trinity  I 

1 

14 

1 

6, 

1 

1 9 

. 1 
7j 

9 1 

1 13 

1 5 

11 

8 

10 

1 8 

5 

104 

6 

4 

114 

1 

Greenwood  

1 3 

2 

1 4 

1 21 

3 

1| 

1 

5 

21 

1 

22 

Spring  Hill 

4 

11 

1 31 

1 

! H 

21 

1 3 

|:  2 

3 

2 

21 

4 

1 

26 

Second  Home 

1 4 

.... 

'1 

I 3, 

1 

1 2| 
1 

1 

2 

1 

... 

1 3 

3 

1 

2 

5 

26 

4 

1 

31 

1 

County  Farm | 

I 

I 3 

3 

I 

1 2 

I 

1 4| 

| 

6 

4| 

I 

3 

7 

5 

2 

7 

51 

31 

82 

Outside  Milwaukee. . | 

44 

I 

48 

1 

I 46 

1 55| 

36 1 
( 

38 

34| 

41 

27 

53 

38 

31 

491 

13 

9 

513 

1 

Anat.  Purposes 

1 

1 1 

....' 

i 

! l 

1 

1 11 
1 

1 

I 1 

1 

1 • 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 1 

....| 

1 9 

1 

6 

15 

Total | 

439 

440 

1 

413| 

' 1 
413 1 

438| 

CTi 

OO 

1 

3141 

377 

356 1 

384 1 

321 

II  - 1 
3531 146371 

1 

4281 

347 

5412 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

L 

COM  M I SS I ON  Eli  OF  1 1 EALTH . 


10b 


TABLE  No.  18. 


Showing  by  Months  the  Occupations  of  Those  Dying  in  the  City 

During  1907. 


Total. 


lot; 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  18— Continued. 


COM  MlSSJONE.il  OF  HEALTH. 


10? 


TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

June. 

August. 

September.  | 

October. 

November,  j 

December. 

Total. 

1 

I 1 

1 

I 

1 ■ • • 

1 i 

1 

....] 

1 

1 

1 

1 i 

Grocer  

|.... 

1 

1 

| 1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 



i 5 

|.... 

1 

1 

1 1 



1 



1 



1 

1 



1 

j 4 

| 

' 1 

1 

| l 

1 



1 

2- 

Housekeeper  

75 



1 

78 

| 93 

1 

76 

I 

1 71 

71 

| 56 

66 

44 

60  | 

1 

53 

68 

811 

Tee  Man 



1 

1. 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

.... 

,...| 



1 

f 

1 



|.... 



1 

1 2 

1 1 1 

1 

.... 

1 

2 1 

| 1 

1 

j 9- 

1 

Janitor  .... 

|.... 

: 1 

| 1 

|.... 

1 

I 

.... 

] 

1 1 

1 

Jeweler  1 

1 

| 

1 

|.... 

|.... 

1 

1 



1 

| 1 

Laborer  

38 

33 

1 

1 40 

| 

1 

| 28 

i 

| 42 

| 

28 

1 

35 

| 20 

28 

.... 

1 

1 40 

.... 

23 

23 

378 

Lake  Captain 

1 



1 

|.... 

|.... 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Laundryman  

f 

! 11.... 

.... 

i 

2’ 

Lawver  

1 

I...-. 

1 

.... 

1 

l 

■.... 

1 

1 

1 

4 

] 

Letter  Carrier | . 

1 

1 

|.... 

1 

3~ 

: II 

Lithographer  ........ 

| 

|.... 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 1 

Livervma.n  ....  1 ... . 

1 

.... 

|.... 

2 

2‘ 

Lumberman  

1 

|.... 

1 

1 2 

1 

|.... 

1 

|.... 

1 

3 

Machinist  

1 

| 4 

i 

1 5 

i 

2 

1 

! 6 

1 

1 3 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

2 

35 

Mailman  

1 

1.... 

1 

L... 

1 

1 

i.... 

1 

1 

II 

Malster  ........ 

i 

1 

1 • I I 

Manager  I ....  1 

i 

1 

Manufacturer  

1 

1 

1 

| 1 

i.... 

2 

1 

1 

6- 

Mason  

1 

1 1 

1 

! 2 

1 2 

i 

1 2 

..... 

1 

| 1 

2 

| 1 

[ 1 

1 

2 

15 

Merchant  

1 2 
i 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 2 
I 

1 

1 3 

1 

I 1 

| 

4 

5 

7 

.... 

1 

2 

' 

1 

1 5 

5 

5 

43 

Messensrer  Rnv 

1 

1. 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

! 1 

Midwife  i | 

1 

.... 

1 

|.... 

I 

| . . . . 

.... 

1 

|.... 

1 

1.... 

1 

I 1 

Milkman  I | 

1 

|.... 

i i 

!.... 

1 

|.... 

1 

1.. 

I 

| 1 

I 1 

Miller  | 

1 

!.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1... 

1 

1 l 

1 

1 2* 

" ' ' II 

Milliner  i 1 

1 

1.... 

1 

I.... 

.... 

i 

1 

.... 

1 

| l 

1 

...; 

1 

I.... 

1 

1 2 

Millwright  

| 

|.... 

1 

| 1 

1 

i.... 

1 

1.... 

i.... 

1 

[.... 

1 

1 

| 

| 

1 

1 

1 1 

Minister  

1 

[ 

1 

...,. 

I.... 

1 

!.... 

i 

i.... 

1 

1 

1 

| 1 

l 

| 

1 

1 

1 | 

1 

||  4' 

Miner  

1 

|.... 

| 1 

1... 

1 

|.... 

i 

i.... 

| l 

1 

[ 

1 

| 

! 

* 

Motorma.n  

1 

1.... 

1 

| 1 

1 

1.... 

1 

1.... 

i 

1 

| 

1 

| 

•"  1 

| 

1 2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

.... 

i 

1 

1 1 

I 

1 

1 

! 

108 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  1 8 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

• i • 1 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Molder  

1 

3 

2 

4 

2 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

23 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

10 

None  



24 

22 

19 

16 

29 

16 

9 

8 

6 

16 

17 

10 

192 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 



1 

1 

1 

3 

Painter  



3 

5 

1 

4 

2 

1 

4 

2 

1 

23 

1 

1 

2 

4 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

8 

.... 

1 

1 



1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

V 

8 

1 

1 

Plumber 

1 

2 

3 

Policeman 

1 

1 

2 

4 

"Pnlishpr  

| 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

Porter 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

Potter 

| 

1 

1 

Printpr  

; i 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

Property  man 

1 

1 

Publisher 

1 

1 

i 

Real  Estate 

i 

1 

2 

1 

5 

Reporter  

1 

1 

1 

Restaurant  Keeper 

l 

i . . . . 

L. 

1 

1 

2 

Railroad  IVTan. 

1 

l i 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Roofer  

1 

1 

1 

Ropemaker  

L. 

1 

1 

Saddler 

i 

1 

].... 

|.... 

1 

Salesman  

.... 
1 3 

I 

2 

1 

1 2 

3 

.... 

4 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

25 

Saloonkeeper  

I 2 
1 

3 

1 

6 

1 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

2 

28 

School  Boy  or  Girl 

1 

1 1 

5 

4 

1 

2 

5 

4 

5 

2 

2 

1 

4 

36 

Coo  mQtT’AQQ 

| 1 

I . . . . 

!.... 

1 

Servant  

1 

I 1 

1 

3 

I 1 

.... 

1 

2 

2 

2 

13 

QL  i nni  n p*  Plprk 

1 

1 1 

! 

I.... 

! 

!.... 

1 

1 

1 

| 

| 

QVj  i t»  o*l  or*  . 

1.... 

1 

1 ... 

1.... 

1 

1 

I I ( 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


109 


TABLE  No.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Shoemaker  

i 

3 

3 

1 

.3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

17 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

7 

1 

1 

L 

| 

1 

2 

3 

1 

■ 

| 

2 

1 

3 



5 

1 

| l 

1 

1 

1 

9 

1 

1 

1 

1 



|.  . . 

1 

1 

Superintendent 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

5 

Switchman  . . 

1 

|.  . . 

1 1 
2 



' 1 

| l 

| l 

1 

2 

7 

Tailor  

1 1 
1 

4 

3 

2 

1 

3 

5 

6 

2 

3 

3 

1 

33 

Tanner  

2 

5 

i 

1:1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

19 

Teacher  

1 3 

| 

i1 

i 

4 

1 

1 

1 

2 

13 

Teamster  

1 

) 2 

2; 

2 

1 4 

.... 

2 

1 

5 

1 

2 

1 

22 

Telegraph  Operator 

| 1 

2 

1 

4 

Timekeeper  

1 

1 

Tinner  .... 

) 

i 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

9 

Trunk  Maker 

1 

| 1 

2 

3 

Upholsterer  

1 

| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Wagon  Maker.. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Watchman  .. 

I.... 

2 

1 

1 

1 

5 

Weaver  

1 

| 

1 

1 

Well  Digger 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Window  Cleaner 

f 

|.... 

1 

1 

Wood  Finisher 

1 

|.... 

1 

1 

2 

Wire  Worker 

1 

1 

1 

| | 

2 

Grand  Total 

t,:.. 

!....! 

1 

(2369 

1 

i 

1 

I I 

no 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


BIRTHS,  1907 


Table  Showing  Reported  Births,  as  to  Color,  Sex  and  by  Whom 
Reported,  by  Months. 


COLOR.  SEX. 

BY  WHOM  REPORTED. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

White  

696 ! 684 

756 

782 

783 

618 

806 

757 

1382 

454 

784 

862 

9364 

Negro  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

Male  

363 

1 

i 350 

390 

423 

397 

307| 

441 

397 

716 

232 

413 

474 

4903 

Female  

333 | 336 

366 

359 

386 

311 

365 

360 

667 

223 

371 

389 

1 

4466 

Physician  

367 

1 395 

386 

424 

430 

365 

476 

416 

780 

229 

425 

478| 

5171 

Midwife  

329|  291 

370 

357 

350 

252 

327 

341 

600 

225 

358 

384 

4185 

Other  Persons 

i 

..... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

13 

Total 

696 

l_ 

| 686 
1 

| 756 
1 

1 

782 

1 

783 

618 

806 

757 

1383 

455 

784 

i 

863| 

9369 

COMMISSIONER,  OF  HEALTH. 


Ill 


Nativity  of  Father. 


BIRTH  PLACE. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

1 November. 

December. 

Total. 

Wisconsin  

1 1 
216|  234| 

240 

257 

254 

230 

268 

225 

448 

131 

266 

302| 

.3071 

Others  of  United 

States 

l 

76| 

l 

84 1 

76 

1 

75| 

92 

56 

78 

100 

169 

48 

75 

89 

1018 

Germany  

230 

174 

214 

237 

222 

160 

233 

210 

362 

128 

223 

216| 

2609 

Other  European 

Countries 

162 

182 

217 

200 

189 

167 

200 

202 

385 

146 

210 

239 

2499 

Unknown  or  not 

stated 

12 

1 

. 12 

9 

13 

1 

| 26 

5 

27 

20 

19 

2 

10 

17 

172 

1 

Total 

1 

696  | 686 
1 1 

756 

1 

782| 

1 

783 1 

618 

806 

757 

13831  455 
1 

784 

1 

863J 

9369 

Nativity  of  Mother. 


BIRTH  PLACE. 

January. 

February.  j 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

AUgUSt. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

03 

S’ 

Wisconsin  

265 

278 

288 

297 

310 

257 

343 

1 

290 

571 

186 

316 

378 

3779 

Others  of  United  States 

82 

87 

94 

89 

98 

64 

72 

105 

166 

45 

101 

71 

1074 

Germany  

204 

162 

180 

225 

1 200 

149 

199 

193 

314 

97 

185 

190 

2298 

Others  of  European  Countries.. 

143 

158 

i 

193 

171 

1 165 
| 

144 

184 

164 

330 

127 

180 

219 

2178 

Unknown  or  not  stated 

•1 

1 2 

1 

| 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 10 

4 

8 

1 

5 

1 

2 

2 

5 

40 

! 

Total 

696 

1 

686 

1 

1 

| 756 

1 

782 

1 

| 783 

I 

618 

806 

1 

75711383 

"I 

455 

[ 

784 

863 

9369 

112 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Births  Reported  by  Wards,  for  the  Year  1907. 


WARDS. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

<D 

-a 

a 

& 

0> 

m 

October. 

N ovember. 

December. 

Total. 

First  

9 

4 

7 

9 

9 

5j 

7 

10 

15 

6 

9 

16 

^ 106 

Sedond  

13 

27 

15 

18 

21 

20 

26 

12 

23 

5 

26 

29 

235 

Third  

10 

27 

4 

T9 

11 

23  j 

17 

9 

52 

3 

19 

9 

203 

Fourth  

8 

18 

15 

21 

15 

20 

20 

17 

34 

11 

20 

0)6 

215 

Fifth  

14 

12 

23 

23 

17 

15 

16 

18 

143 

14 

25 

27 

247 

Sixth  

26 

23 

33 

42 

42 

21 

49 

33 

75 

18 

30 

48 

440 

Seventh  

5 

5 

4 

11 

6 

12 

6 

10 

14 

5 

11 

7 

96 

Eighth  

13 

27 

16 

17 

20 

14 

17 

21 

29 

5 

21 

19 

219 

Ninth  

37 

28 

44 

32 

42 

36 

47 

25 

65 

29 

43 

47 

475 

Tenth  

31 

23 

36 

34 

39 

26 

30 

34 

51 

22 

43 

42 

411 

Eleventh  

73 

66 

63 

68 

65 

61 

j 67 

89 

117 

27 

86 

76 

858 

Twelfth  

23 

29 

37 

33 

44 

29 

« 

24 

50 

17 

36 

44 

413 

Thirteenth  

48 

38 

31 

47 

34 

37 

54 

52 

63 

28 

53 

52 

537 

Fourteenth  

113 

93 

122 

126 

107 

80 

j 103 

116 

182 

80 

104 

124 

1350 

Fifteenth  

25 

28 

27 

22 

19 

25 

32 

25 

54 

22 

23 

29 

! 331 

Sixteenth  

20 

12 

16 

16 

25 

8 

16 

18 

37 

1 1 

9 

18 

17 

1 

1 212 

1 

Seventeenth 

23 

40 

26 

22 

| 

43 

21 

23 

26 

60 

17 

25 

1 

41 

367 

Eighteenth  

31 

34 

37 

I 46 

47 

31 

j 53 

47 

66 

31 

30 

48 

501 

Nineteenth  

26 

24 

33 

1 25 

30 

27 

| 30 

22 

41 

28 

36 

36 

358 

| 

Twentieth  

38 

47 

1 

1 71 

j 

49 

57 

33 

j 40 

56 

87 

23 

43 

40 

| 583 

Twenty-first  

40 

| 30 

| 40 

46 

34 

39 

j 

45 

39 

64 

24 

35 

| 33 

! 469 
1 

Twenty-second  

40 

24 

| 32 

30 

32 

19 

34 

23 

72 

22 

37 

32 

1 397 

Twenty-third  

24 

1 

14 

1 18 
1 

20 

20 

11 

22 

22 

53 

9 

11 

28 

252 

rri  "VP  TV 

1 6 

13 

6 

4 

5 

5 

10 

36 

3 

94 

1 

| 6 

1 

1 

Total 

| 690 
1 

686 

1 

| 756 

1 

j 782 

783 

j 618 

1 

| 806 

757 

1 1383 
I 

455 

784 

1 

| 863 

9369 

1 

COM  M I SS I ON ER  OF  H EA LTH. 


113 


HARR1AGES,  1907. 


MONTHS. 


January  . 
February 
March  . . . 

April  

May  


BOTH  PARTIES. 


BIRTH  PLACE. 


R.  W 


179  | 62 

I 

262 1 105 


June  I 361 


July  

August  . . . 
September 


499 1 
403 
949 


October  | 273 


November 

December 


Total. 


H. 


132 | 161 | 47 

I 

167 1 217 1 54 

I 

95  1221  39 


W. 


H.  W 


. <D 

25 

s a 

H 3 
u o 
So 


H. 


W. 


34 

46 

30 

40 

45 
43 
78 
62 

159 

30| 

I 

46 
28 


lfc!  50 

isj  59 
26j  52 
231  41 
29’  79 
40  73 

57 1 97 
34 1 107 


COLOR. 


H.  W. 


4256  1896  23371  782 

II  I I 


641 


94 | 87!  257 

i ; 

45 1 44 1 49 1 36 1 

I.  ! 


63|  431  95 

39  27  49 


563 


44011008 


834 


14|  22 


Mongolian. 


/ 


Y 


- 


/ 


REPORT 

OF 


CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR 


; v -v-;  - • v,- 


- . r-±*  fi  i • r ; 


REPORT  OF  CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR. 


G.  A.  Boding,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir:— I herewith  submit  for  your  Annual  Report  the  following 
statement  of  the  work  done  by  the  Sanitary  Inspectors  for  the  year  end- 
ing December  31st,  1907. 

The  Inspectors  have  made  39,616  written  reports,  including  rein- 
spections. Based  on  the  inspectors’  reports,  the  department  has  issued 
7,918  written  orders  in  duplicate. 

The  house-to-house  and  block-to-block  inspections  by  subdistricts 
has  been  continued. 

The  ordinance  prohibiting  the  use  of  water  from  wells  (except  arte- 
sian) where  water  and  sewers  have  been  provided  in  the  streets,  and 
the  one  abolishing  privy  vaults,  are  being  vigorously  enforced. 

All  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever  funerals  have  been  attended  by 
Inspectors  in  uniform. 

Four  horses  afflicted  with  glanders  have  been  killed,  the  carcasses 
disposed  of,  and  the  stables  cleaned  and  disinfected  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  department. 

The  stringent  enforcement  of  the  milk  ordinance  has  practically 
done  away  with  the  filthy  city  dairies,  and  all  dairies  in  the  county  have 
been  inspected  and  the  needed  improvements  installed  before  licenses 
to  sell  milk  in  the  city  were  granted 

The  meat  and  food  Inspecors  have  confiscated  652  calves,  weighing 
25,485  pounds  and  valued  at  $1861.25  ; 8,364  pounds  of  meat,  val- 

ued at  $611.48;  4,350  pounds  of  fish,  valued  at  $164;  4,166  pounds  of 
poultry,  valued  at  $634.75 ; 10,444  pounds  of  fruit,  valued  at 

$402.80  ; 1,300  pounds  of  sausage,  valued  at  $90;  520  pounds  of  game, 
valued  at  $23  ; 207  dozen  eggs,  valued  at  $51.50;  135  pounds  of  vege- 
tables, valued  at  $2.28;  200  pounds  of  candy,  valued  at  $25,  and  10 
gallons  of  ice  cream,  valued  at  $10. 

The  inspectors  have  made  a careful  inspection  of  all  lakes  and 
ponds  within  Milwaukee  County  where  ice  might  be  harvested,  and  a 


117 


118 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


circular  letter  was  sent  to  all  ice  dealers,  stating  that  the  ice  cut  from 
certain  waters  would  be  condemned,  and  that  wagons  delivering  this 
ice  must  be  labeled  “Impure  Ice.” 

There  were  163  commitments  to  the  small-pox  hospital  during  the 
year,  not  a single  known  case  remaining  at  home.  The  inspectors  also 
found  a large  number  of  cases  outside  the  limits,  which  were  reported 
to  the  proper  town  authorities. 

All  public  and  parochial  schools  have  been  visited  ,by  physicians 
employed  by  the  department,  and  all  teachers  and  pupils  who  wished 
were  vaccinated 


CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

INSPECTORS. 


c 

C s 

O' 

s 

a 

03 

0< 

3 

bi> 

aj 

£ 

> 

O 

6 

s 

l"S 

U. 

3 

•< 

3 

“5 

■-5 

< 

05 

O 

A 

z. 

Small-pox  

...  19 

25 

16 

26 

14 

24 

8 

14 

9 

4 

2 

2 

163 

Diphtheria  

...  78 

60 

41 

43 

41 

40 

22 

31 

42 

74 

94 

55 

621 

Scarlet  Fever 

...  16 

29 

20 

-25 

19 

20 

12 

12 

5 

11 

25 

21 

215 

Typhoid  Fever 

81 

18 

18 

25 

16 

25 

24 

42- 

39 

29 

27 

403 

SANITARY  INSPECTION  DISTRICTS. 

Ins.  No. 

2 James  M.  Calligan,  4th  Ward  and  in  office  during  noon  hour. 

3 Ferd.  Mack,  Jr.,  Chief  Disinfector. 

4 Edwin  Schubert,  11th  and  14th  Wards,  south  of  Mitchell  street  and  west 

of  6th  avenue. 

5 Fred  C.  Kruckenberg,  20th  Ward,  21st  Ward  west  of  7th  street  and  22nd 

ward  north  of  Wright  street. 

6 Edward  Seaman,  1st,  7tli  and  18th  Wards.' 

7 Oscar  E,  Klein,  9th,  19th  and  22nd  Wards  south  of  Wright  street.. 

8 Joseph  Derfus,  2nd  and  16th  Wards  and  east  and  west  side  plumbing. 

9 Peter  H.  McHugh,  10th  and  15th  Wards. 

10  Felix  J.  Michalak,  17th  Ward  and  14th  Ward  south  of  Lincoln  and  east 

of  6th  avenue. 

11  John  Mahkorn,  8th  and  23rd  Wards,  11th  Ward  north  of  Mitchel  and 

west  of  6th  avenue. 

12  John  J.  Houlehen,  3rd  and  6th  Wards. 

13  Albert  Fuchs,  5th  and  12th  Wards,  and  11th  and  14th  Wards  east  of  6th 

avenue  and  north  of  Lincoln  avenue. 

14  Sidney  G.  Hartwell.  13th  and  21st  Wards  east  of  7th  street,  and  Assistant 

Disinfector. 

15.  Emil  Olsen,  Substitute  inspector  and  house-to-house  work. 

16  John  Dolge,  Messenger  and  placarding*. 

21  Harry  Keihl,  Laboratory  and  milk  inspection. 

22  Jas.  F.  Cunningham,  Laboratorjr  and  milk  inspection. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


119 


DISTRICTS  FOR  INSPECTION  OF  MEATS,  FOODS, 
FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

17  Francis  J.  Carney,  Slaughter  houses  4th,  5th.  8th,  15th,  16th  and  23rd 

Wards. 

18  "Philip  Stock,  Commission  houses  1st,  3rd,  7th  and  18th  Wards. 

19  Edward  F.  Allee,  2nd,  6th,  9th,  10th,  13tli,  19th,  20th,  21st  and  22nd 

Wards. 

20  George  F.  Eisner,  11th,  12th.  14th  and  17th  Wards. 

ORDERS. 

Orders  were  issued  by  this  Department  as  follows: 

Orders  pertaining-  to  bakeries,  cleaning-,  repairing-,  etc 19 

Orders  pertaining-  to  meat  markets  and  fish  markets,  cleaning,  repair- 
ing-, etc 20 

Orders  pertaining  to  barns  and  dairies,  cleaning,  repairing-  etc 31 

Orders  pertaining  to  plumbing* 1,278 

Orders  pertaining  to  vaults  and  urinals 1,046 

Orders  to  cease  committing  nuisance 146 

Orders  pertaining  to  garbage  and  manure  nuisance 2,397 

Orders  to  fill  well 116 

Orders  to  comply  with  ordinance 87 

Miscellaneous  orders 1,302 

Orders  referred  to  Board  of  Public  Works 126 

Orders  referred  to  School  Board 7 

Orders  referred  to  Building-  Inspector 35 

Orders  referred  to  Factory  Inspector 3 

*Total  orders  issued 6,613 

f 

* This  number  is  greater  than  the  number  of  orders  shown  in  the  report 
of  the  Chief  Clerk,  which  follows.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  where  a 
single  order  is  divided  into  two  or  more  distinct  parts,  I have  included  the 
parts  as  separate  orders. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

TRUMAN  H.  CURTIS, 

Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 


120 


AX  XU  A I.  REPORT  OF  THE 


CLERICAL  WORK  OF  THE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 


Years  1902  to  1907  (inclusive). 


1 

1907.  1 

1906. 

1905. 

1904. 

1903. 

1902. 

♦Complaints  received 

7,432 

1,860 

1 

7,800 
1.447  1 

6,410 

6,316 

6,647 

5,322 

Call  orders  issued 

1.802 

1,753  I 

1,681 

955 

Letters  of  warning-  issued 

585 

643 

| 

I o 
) o- 

530 

Reinspection  of  premises 

5,036  | 

Or d e rs  i s s ued 

5,807  | 

6,991 

6,360 

6,251 

1 

6;563  | 

| 4,9o3 

Quarantine  notices  issued... 

525 

l • ■ 

Commitments  to  hospitals 

274 



u- 

i 

Infectious  diease  cards  filed 

2,597  j 

• ' 1 V. 

1 . . 

1 

' 1 

Total 

24,116 

16,881 

| 

15,312 

1 

14,850 

14,891 

1 

1 . 

| 11,210 

1 

* Of  these  complaints  2,689  were  made  by  citizens  to  this  department.  The 
remainder  were  made  by  inspectors. 


GEORGE  E.  ADAMS, 

Chief  Clerk. 


REPORTS 


OF 


ISOLATION  HOSPITALS 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  i 


G.  A.  Lading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir:— I beg'  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated  at 


Isolation  Hospital 

No.  1,  1 8th  Avenue  and  Mitchell  Street,  for  the 

year  1907. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ELLEN  HUME, 

Matron. 


123 


124 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  FOR  1907. 

PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1. 

ALL  DISEASES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining’  January  1,  1907 26 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1907 186 

Total  number  of  patients  treated 212 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 2,861 

Total  number  of  male  patients 109 

Total  number  of  female  patients 77 

Total  number  of  deaths 4 

Number  of  relatives  admitted 24 

Number  of  days  relatives  boarded.  221 

SMALL-POX. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1907 26 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1907 159 

^Number  of  suspected  cases  admitted  during  1907 4 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1907 189 

Number  of  days’  treatment 2,597 

Number  of  deaths 1 

Number  of  patients  never  vaccinated 112 

Number  of  patients  not  successfully  vaccinated 36 

Number  of  patients  showing  vaccination  scars 15 

Number  of  patients  under  15  years  of  age 75 

Number  of  patients  between  15  and  25  years  of  age 39 

Number  of  patients  between  25  and  50  years  of  age 44 

Number  of  patients  above  50  years  of  age 5 

Number  of  male  patients 87 

Number  of  female  patients 76 

ERYSIPELAS. 

Number  of  patients  remaining' January  1,  1907. None 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1907 23 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1907 ! 23 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 264 

Number  of  deaths . " 3 

Number  of  male  patients 22 

Number  of  female  patients 1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  1 2r> 


PATIENTS  ADMITTED  BY  MONTHS. 


MONTH. 

Small-pox. 

Erysipelas. 

Miscellaneous 

(Suspected 

Small-pox.) 

Total. 

January 

17 

0 

0 

17 

February 

23 

0 

1 

24 

March 

16 

0 

1 

17 

April 

25 

8 

1 

34 

3 

0 

17 

June 

21  . 

9 

0 

30 

July 

13 

0 

0 

13 

August 

13 

1 

0 

14 

September 

9 

1 

0 

10 

October 

3 

0 

1 

4 

November 

2 

1 

0 

3 

December 

3 

0 

0 

3 

— 

— 

— . — 

— 

Total 

159 

23 

4 

186 

* Suspected 

as  small-pox  cases.  Found  to 

be  chicken-pox  in  one 

case, 

syphilis  in  two 

cases.  No  diagnosis  in  other 

case.  In 

each  instance 

dis- 

charged  within  a few  days. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ELLEN  HUME, 


Matron. 


\ 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir: — I beg  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  2,  102- 104  Seventh  Street,  for  the  year  1907. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ADA  E.  STRAUB, 

Matron. 


v 


127 


128 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  FOR  1907. 

PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2. 

ALL  DISEASES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1907 12 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1907 177 

Total  number  of  patients  treated 189 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 2.135 

Total  number  of  deaths 12 

Total  number  of  male  patients  treated 93 

Total  number  of  female  patients  treated 96 

Number  of  relatives  admitted 14 

Number  of  days  relatives  boarded 235 

:oci  • ■ 

DIPHTHERIA. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1907 8 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1907  . 120 

Number  of  patients  treated  during  19Q7 128 

Number  of  days’  treatment 1,074 

Number  of  deaths.. 11 

Amount  of . anti-toxin  used  during  1907 394,000  cc. 

Number  of  male  patients 50 

Number  of  female  patients; 78 

SCARLET  FEVER. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1907 4 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1907 27 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1907 31 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 769 

Total  number  of  deaths 1 

Number  of  male  patients 22 

Number  of  female  patients 9 

MEASLES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1907 None 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1907 25 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during-  1907 25 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 254 

Number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  male  patients 17 

Number  of  female  patients 8 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


129 


MISCELLANEOUS  DISEASES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining-  January  1,  1907 None 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during-  1907 5 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1907 5 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 38 

Number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  male  patients 4 

Number  of  female  patients 1 

Number  of  erysipelas  patients 2 

Number  of  chicken-pox  patients 1 

Number  of  syphilis  patients 1 

Number  of  typhoid  patients 1 

PATIENTS  ADMITTED  BY  MONTHS. 

Scarlet  Miscel- 


MONTH 

Diphtheria. 

Fever. 

Meailes. 

laneous. 

Total. 

January 

8 

3 

4 

1 

16 

February 

3 

10 

0 

23 

March 

10 

5 

0 

1 

16 

April 

2 

0 

1 

21 

May 

9 

2 

3 

0 

14 

June 

14 

6 

2 

0 

22 

July 

2 

3 

0 

0 

5 

August 

8 

0 

0 

0 

8 

September 

0 

3 

0 

10 

October 

9 

1 

2 

0 

12 

November 

18 

2 

1 

0 

21 

December 

0 

0 

2 

9 

Total 

120 

27 

25 

5 

177 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ADA  E.  STRAUB, 

Matron. 


f . 


REPORTS 


OF 

GARBAGE  COLLECTION  AND  DISPOSAL 


132 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  COLLECTION— 1907 

Loads.  Tons. 

January 3,685  2,572 

February 3,328  . 2,371 

March 3,960  2,865 

April 3,633  2,535 

May t. 3,721  2,596 

June 4,144  3,004 

July 4,605  3,470 

August 4,903  4,394 

September 4,654  4,172 

October 4,985  4,480 

November 4,131  3,700 

December 4,324  3,881 


Total 50,073  40,040 

Total  number  small  animals  collected  during  year  (included  in 
table  above),  6250. 

(Signed) 

WM.  O’CONNOR, 

Supt.  Garbage  Collection. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


133 


REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  CREMATION— 1907 

Loads.  Tons. 

January 1.701  1,185 

February 923  690 

March 989  787 

April 3,615  2,522 

May 3,700  2,583 

June 4,134  2,994 

July 4,585  3,453 

August 4,886  4,380 

September 4,650  4,170 

October 4,951  4,451 

November 4,109  3,686 

December 4,153  3,729 


Total 42,396  34,630 

(Signed) 

JOSEPH  RODDY, 

Chief  Foreman,  Garbage  Crematory. 


134  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


DEAD  ANIMALS  REPORTED— 1907. 

Large  animals.  Small  animals. 

January 2 247 

February 4 314 

March 10  316 

April 5 285 

May . ...v.. 6 444 

June 9 453 

July 3 466 

August 7 505 

September 7 388 

October 8 466 

November 16  320 

December 6 305 

Total *83  **4,509 


* Collected  and  disposed  of  by  private  rendering  companies. 

**  This  number  reported  to  department.  Complete  record  of  small  ani- 
mals collected  shown  in  report  of  Superintendent  of  Garbage  Collection. 

(Signed) 

JAMES  A.  SKIBA, 

Complaint  Clerk. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


135 


GARBAGE  SUMMARY— 1907 

Compiled  by  A.  B.  Cargill,  Sec'y. 


COLLECTION. 


MONTH. 

Loads  garbage  collected 
by  city  wagons. 

1 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  delivered  by  pri- 
vate parties  at  hoist. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  small  animals  col- 
lec’ed. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Total  refuse  collected  in 
loads. 

Total  tcnnage  of  same. 

Jan 

3,665 

2,559 

10 

7 

10 

6 

3,685 

2,572 

Feb 

3,316 

2,365 

12 

6 

3,328 

2,371 

Mar 

3,945 

2,856 

2 

2 

13 

7 

3,960 

2,865 

Apr 

3.608 

2,519 

13 

10 

12 

6 

3,633 

2,535 

May  

3,698 

2,584 

4 

3 

19 

9 

3,721 

2,596 

June 

4,097 

2,975 

22 

16 

25 

13 

4,144 

3,004 

July 

4,545 

3,427 

35 

30 

25 

13 

4,605 

3,470 

Aug* 

4,859 

4,365 

19 

17 

25 

12 

4,903 

4,394 

Sept 

4,603 

4,137 

24 

22 

27 

13 

4,654 

4,172 

Oct 

4,925 

4,438 

29 

26 

31 

16 

4,985 

4,480 

Nov 

4,085 

3,673 

15 

11 

31 

16 

4,131 

3,700 

Dec 

4,275 

3,846 

27 

24 

22 

11 

4,324 

3,881 

Total  .... 

49,621 

39,744 

200 

168 

252 

128 

50,073 

40,040' 

Number  of  dead  animals  collected  (included  in  above  table),  6,250.. 


DISPOSAL  BY  CREMATION. 


MONTH. 

Tons  received 
j from  collection 
I department. 

Tons  small 
animals 
received. 

Tons 
garbage 
delivered  at 
plant  direct. 

Total. 

Jan 

j 1,181 

4 

1 iQf; 

Feb 

690 

JL,loO 

Aon 

Mar 

I 787 

I 

707 

Apr 

2,516 

6 

/ 0 ( 
O K99 

May 

2,568 

9 

6 

2,583 

June  

2,966 

13 

15 

2,994 

July  

3,426 

13 

14 

3,453 

Aug’ 

4,351 

12 

17 

4,380 

Sept 

4,140 

13 

17 

4,170 

Oct 

4,424 

16 

11 

4,451 

Nov 

3,665 

16 

5 

3,686 

Dec 

3,703 

11 

15 

3,729 

Total 

34,417 

113 

100 

34,630 

136 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


DISPOSAL  OTHER  THAN  BY  CREMATION. 


MONTH. 


E 


E g 
•3  & 

• E 

o 


Jg 


in 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 


18 

27 

25 

34 

34 

21 

45 

27 

186 


13 

19 

25 

31 

31 

19 

40 

.19 

167 


Total  . . . 


417 


364 


1,979 

2,393 

2,958 


7,330 


1,385 

1,675 

2,071 


5 

12 

13 


5,131 


30 


15 


1,984 

2,405 

2,971 

18 

27 

25 

34 

34 

21 

45 

27 

186 


7,777 


1,387 

1,681 

2,078 

13 

19 

25 

31 

31 

19 

40 

19 

167 


5,510 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  137 

TOTAL  REFUSE  HANDLED. 

Loads.  Tons. 

By  collection  department 50,073  40,040 

Delivered  to  plant  direct  by  private 

parties  100  100 

Grand  Total 50,17?  40,140 

COST. 

Collection  and  hoist $ 79,120.07 

Cremation  and  burial 48,790.34 

Total  $127,910.41 

Collection  alone $ 76,040.49 

Hoist  alone 3,079.58 

Cremation  alone 46,674.59 

Burial  alone 2,115.75 

Total  $127,910.41 

Average  cost  collection  and  disposal  per  ton $3.19 

Average  cost  collection  and  hoist  per  ton 1.98 

Average  cost  collection  per  ton 1.90 

Average  cost  hoist  per  ton 09 

Average  cost  disposal  per  ton 1.22 

Average  cost  cremation  per  ton 1.35 

Average  cost  burial  per  ton 41 

COMPARATIVE. 

Increase  in  garbage  handled  over  1906 — 

In  loads 3.562  per  cent. 

In  tonnage 3.989  per  cent. 

Total  increase  in  garbage  over  1905 38.342  per  cent. 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary . 


APPENDIX 


INCLUDING 

Report  of  Dr.  Rudolph  Hering  on  Refuse  Collection  and  Disposal. 
Report  on  Analysis  of  Garbage  by  Prof.  R.  E.  W.  Sommer. 


J 40 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  ON  GARBAGE  DISPOSAL  BY  RUDOLPH  HERING  TO 
THE  MAYOR  AND  COMMON  COUNCIL  OF  THE 
CITY  OF  MILWAUKEE. 


December,  23,  1907. 

To  the  Honorable  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee , 

Wisconsin: 

Gentlemen : On  August  5 the  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee 
passed  a resolution  to  the  effect  that  the  undersigned  be  employed  by  the  City 
of  Milwaukee  to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  Common  Council  in  determining 
the  best  method  for  disposing  of  the  garbage  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  and 
that  it  should  be  his  duty  at  the  close  of  the  investigation  to  make  a detailed 
report  to  the  Common  Council  of  the  conditions  in  Milwaukee,  and  to  submit 
recommendations  indicating  the  process  of.  disposal  of  garbage  which,  in 
his  judgment,  would  be  appropriate  for  the  city. 

The  requested  detailed  report  and  recommendations  which  followed  a 
thorough  investigation  are  herewith  presented. 

Soon  after  the  passage  of  this  resolution,  I visited  your  city  and  in- 
spected the  existing*  works  and  methods  of  collecting  and  disposing  of  the 
garbage. 

It  soon  became  apparent,  although  the  resolution  provided  only  for  an 
investigation  of  the  best  methods  of  garbage  disposal,  that  to  attain  the 
most  economical  and  best  results  for  the  municipality,  it  was  essential  to 
consider  also  other  waste  materials  of  the  city  with  which  the  authorities 
have  to  deal. 

My  reasons  for  thus  broadening  the  scope  of  the  investigation  were  as 
follows : 

First — Because  the  expense  of  disposing  of  the  garbage  may  be  mater- 
ially affected  by  the  manner  in  which  other  refuse  is  finally  disposed  of. 

Secondly — Because,  from  a sanitary  point  of  view,  the  proper  disposal  of 
rubbish  is  of  even  greater  importance  than  the  disposal  of  garbage. 

In  order  to  discuss  the  question  properly  and  broadly,  it  was,  therefore, 
necessary  to  include  in  the  present  investigation  also  the  collection  and  dis- 
posal of  other  refuse,  which  consists  chiefly  of  rubbish,  street  sweepings, 
manure  and  ashes. 

For  the  compilation  of  most  of  the  data  herein  contained,  acknowledg- 
ments are  due  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health  and  secretary,  as  well  as  the 
members  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  and  assistants.  A large  amount  of 
local  information  is  thus  presented,  both  from  the  official  records  and  from 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


141 


special  inquiries  made,  for  the  purpose  of  comparing-  experiences  in  Milwau- 
kee with  experiences  elsewhere,  under  both  similar  and  dissimilar  conditions, 
and  of  representing-  the  fundamental  data  upon  which  safe  conclusions  could 
be  based. 

Some  of  the  records  were  examined  by  me  personally,  and  I acquainted 
myself  during-  repeated  visits  with  the  local  conditions  and  the  past  exper- 
iences with  refuse  disposal  in  Milwaukee. 

The  problem  to  be  solved,  therefore,  briefly  stated,  was  the  collection  and 
disposal  </:  the  city’s  refuse  in  a sanitary  way  and  at  the  least  total  expense. 

The  word  “sanitary”  means,  in  this  connection,  the  prevention  of  all 
nuisances  and  of  such  evils  as  may  result  from  the  tendency  of  some  articles 
of  refuse  to  be  a medium  for  disseminating-  disease.  For  instance,  the  house 
rubbish  is  the  most  likely  of  all  refuse  to  contain  germs  of  disease,  because 
of  discarded  clothing-,  rag-s,  bedding-,  sweepings  and  other  rejected  matter 
which  may  have  come  from  sick  rooms.  Garbage  originating  in  kitchens, 
although  it  soon  becomes  very  offensive,  is  not  usually  a carrier  of  disease 
germs.  Garbage  and  rubbish,  therefore,  are  the  most  important  classes  of 
city  refuse  from  a sanitary  standpoint. 

HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REFUSE  DISPOSAL  IN  MILWAUKEE 
AND  PRESENT  OBJECTIONS. 

In  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  as  in  other  large  cities,  the  refuse  which  is  the 
subject  of  city  legislation,  consists  of  garbage,  ashes,  rubbish,  street  sweep- 
ings, manure  and  night  soil. 

GARBAGE. 

Milwaukee  has  had  perhaps  the  most  varied  experiences  in  the  disposal 
of  its  garbage  of  any  city  in  this  country.  It  has  at  various  times  employed 
almost  every  known  method  of  disposal,  and  such  disposal  has  been  the  sub- 
ject even  of  political  campaign  agitation  at  several  times  during  the  last 
twenty  years,  and  more  attention  has  been  given  to  it  than  perhaps  to  any 
other  subject  connected  with  Milwaukee’s  municipal  administration.  For 
this  reason,  it  was  thought  that  a brief  history  of  the  subject  would  be 
interesting  and  instructive. 

It  appears  that  the  garbage  collection  was  originally  handled  independ- 
ently by  each  one  of  the  separate  wards.  In  April,  1877,  when  Dr.  I.  H. 
Stearns  was  appointed  health  officer  for  a term  of  one  year,  there  existed  an 
incomplete  system  of  ward  collection  and  disposal.  Private  citizens  were 
required  to  get  rid  of  this  material  as  best  they  could.  Some  wards  buried 
it,  others  fed  it  to  poultry,  pigs  and  cattle,  others  scattered  it  on  their  land 
for  fertilizer,  and  still  others  dumped  it  on  vacant  property. 

In  those  wards  where  an  attempt  had  been  made  to  deal  with  the  ques- 
tion properly,  contracts  for  collection  and  disposal  were  made  with  certain 
individuals.  These  private  contractors  disposed  of  the  garbage  in  any  way 
they  pleased ; some  hauled  it  to  farmers  for  feeding  and  for  fertilizing,  and 


1 42 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


others  to  dumps,  or  plowed  it  into  the  soil.  Persons  connected  with  the  city 
administration  at  that  time  remember  an  epidemic  of  hog’  cholera  which  ex- 
isted on  some  of  the  farms  outside  of  the  city  It  was  then  claimed  that  the 
disease  was  caused  by  garbage  having*  been  fed  in  a decomposed  condition. 

During  this  time,  the  dead  animals  of  the  city  were  removed  by  Joseph 
Herman,  who  had  a reduction  plant  south  of  the  city  and  manufactured 
grease  in  large  quantities.  He  also  collected  and  disposed  of  meat  scraps 
from  the  markets  and  packing  houses. 

From  April,  1878,  until  October,  1881,  Dr.  0.  W.  Wight  was  Health  Com- 
missioner. During*  his  term,  William  Forrestal  was  given  the  contract  to  col- 
lect and  dispose  of  the  garbage  of  the  whole  city.  The  plan  of  ward  disposal 
had  become  unsatisfactory,  and  it  was  thought  that  a uniform  system  for 
all  parts  of  the  citjr  wduld  be  better.  He  disposed  of  the  garbage  principally 
by  burial  and  by  giving  it  to  farmers  for  feeding  purposes. 

During  the  time  of  Mr.  Forrestal’s  contract,  dead  horses  were  collected 
by  Rudolph  Gumz,  who  ran  a reduction  plant  south  of  the  city,  and  there 
utilized  the  carcasses.  Later,  Mr.  Gumz  was  given  the  contract  for  the  col- 
lection and  disposal  of  garbage  as  well  as  dead  animals.  He  continued  to 
treat  the  animals  at  the  reduction  plant,  but  found  it  more  profitable  to  dis- 
pose of  the  garbage  in  various  ways  on  farms.  He  got  into  trouble  with  the 
authorities  of  the  Town  of  Lake  on  account  of  the  rendering  of  dead  animals, 
and  then  discontinued  his  contract  with  the  city  for  the  disposal  of  both 
garbage  and  dead  animals. 

A Mr.  Wagner  also  had  a contract  for  the  disposal  of  dead  animals  at  a 
rendering  plant.  But  the  city  objected  to  the  nuisance  caused  by  his  business 
and  the  contract  was  given  up. 

Later,  dead  animals  were  buried  on  the  farm  of  Ferdinand  Zautke,  north 
of  the  city,  and  afterwards  were  taken  by  Mr.  A.  L.  Schneidt,  in  the  Town  of 
Wauwatosa,  who  conducted  a rendering  and  curled  hair  establishment  for 
several  years,  but  was  finally  put  out  of  business  through  an  injunction 
secured  by  the  town  authorities. 

Meanwhile,  in  October,  1881,  Dr.  Robert  Martin  had  been  appointed  health 
commissioner,  and  remained  in  office  until  1890.  He  installed  the  first  muni- 
cipal garbage  collection.  Mr.  William  Forrestal,  during  Dr.  Martin’s  incum- 
bency, secured  a contract  for  disposing  of  the  garbage  for  $12,000  a year. 
About  the  same  time,  Mr.  Engle,  the  inventor  of  the  Engle  Garbage  Crema- 
tory, came  to  the  city  with  the  intention  of  getting  a contract  for  the  dis- 
posal of  garbage.  He  erected  a small  model  crematory,  supposed  to  have  a 
capacity  of  two  to  three  loads  a day,  and  operated  it  primarily  for  advertis- 
ing purposes.  From  the  testimony  of  city  employes  at  that  time,  it  is  learned 
that  this  crematory  was  not  a success.  When  sufficient  fuel  was  added,  it 
seemed  to  burn  small  dead  animals  properly,  but  could  not  handle  wet 
garbage  economically.  Mr.  Engle  did  not  succeed  in  getting*  a contract,  but 
his  small  model  furnace  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  garbage  inci- 
nerating* plant  in  the  city,  and  one  of  the  first  in  the  country. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


148 


* 

Meanwhile,  Mr.  Forrestal  became  associated  with  Dr.  A.  F.  Marden,  and 
a garbage  reduction  plant  of  the  Merz  system  was  built  in  the  Menomonee 
Valley  for  the  purpose  of  extracting-  grease  and  fertilizer.  It  was  one  of  the 
first  reduction  works  ever  built.  It  was  run  only  for  a short  time,  and  as  it 
proved  to  be  a nuisance  the  contract  was  canceled.  A few  days  afterwards 
Dr.  Marden  committed  suicide,  it  being-  generally  believed  that  the  failure  of 
his  plant  was  responsible  for  the  act.  In  the  report  of  Health  Commissioner 
Martin  it  is  stated  that  the  plant  should  never  have  been  located  within  the 
city  limits. 

For  a few  weeks  following,  the  garbage  was  dumped  in  two  adjoining 
towns,  but  this  was  soon  objected  to. 

The  garbage  was  then  dumped  into  Lake  Michigan  upon  the  orders  of 
Health  Commissioner  Martin,  pending  the  time  when  Mr.  Forrestal,  who  still 
had  a contract  with  the  city,  should  be  in  readiness  to  dispose  of  the  garbage. 

In  the  meantime,  Dr.  S.  S.  Kilvington  of  Minneapolis  came  to  Milwaukee 
to  build  an  incinerating  plant  which  was  a modification  of  the  Engle  system. 
It  cost  about  $3,000,  and  was  supposed  to  burn  animals  and  garbage.  It  was 
purchased  by  Forrestal,  but  the  authorities  discovered  that  a great  deal  of 
garbage,  instead  of  being  burned,  was  dumped  into  the  adjoining  marsh. 
The  furnace  did  not  prove  a success,  and  Mr.  Forrestal  went  back  to  his  old 
crematory,  unsuccessfully  tried  crude  oil  for  burning,  and  with  the  addition 
of  coal  managed  to  consume  the  garbage  to  the  end  of  his  contract. 

In  October,  1888,  the  Milwaukee  Sanitary  Company  was  formed  and  a 
plant  was  built  for  the  extraction  of  grease  according  to  the  Merz  reduction 
system,  in  the  Menomonee  Valley,  on  the  same  location  as  the  old  plant.  Mr. 
Forrestal  was  a member  of  this  new  firm.  The  plant  disposed  of  garbage 
and  small  dead  animals,  and  sold  grease  and  fertilizer.  Many  complaints 
were  made  against  the  plant  because  of  the  odors  arising  from  it.  Neverthe- 
less, it  was  continued  through  the  administration  of  Dr.  Robert  Martin. 

When  Dr  U.  O.  B.  Wingate  was  appointed  Health  Commissioner  in  April, 
1890,  he  ordered  the  Merz  plant  closed  in  response  to  a request  of  citizens, 
and  the  garbage  was  dumped  into  Lake  Michigan,  being  taken  there  on  large 
scows.  But  this  disposal  also  caused  a public  protest,  because  it  was  found 
that  particles  of  the  garbage  were  discovered  in  the  drinking  water.  It  was 
the  subject  of  much  discussion  during  the  political  campaign  which  followed, 
^nd  the  Merz  plant  was  again  opened  for  a short  time  and  ^he  Milwaukee 
Sanitary  Company  was  permitted  to  conclude  its  contract  with  the  city. 

Following-  the  termination  of  this  contract  the  g’arbage  was  once  more 
buried  on  neighboring*  farms. 

In  1892  a contract  was  given  to  the  Wisconsin  Rendering  Company  to 
collect  and  dispose  of  the  garbage  for  five  years.  Accordingly,  for  the  first 
year  the  contractor  was  to  receive  $67,000,  of  which  $32,000  was  for  collec- 
tion, $10,000  for  transportation  and  $25,000  for  disposal.  These  figures  were 
increased  each  year  until  the  last  year,  1897,  when  the  contractor  received 
$72,000.  The  Wisconsin  Rendering  Company  built  a plant  at  Mequon,  some 


144 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


thirteen  miles  north  of  the  city,  where  the  garbage  and  dead  animals  were 
reduced  to  grease  and  fertilizer.  The  delivery  to  the  plant  was  by  means  of 
a large  steam  barge.  The  cost  of  water  transportation  was  about  $1,000 
per  month  at  first,  and  later  about  $8,000  per  annum,  when  the  company 
owned  its  barge.  During  stormy  weather,  and  perhaps  ten  times  a year, 
the  garbage  remained  for  days  at  the  loading  place.  Many  of  the  dead  ani- 
mals were  shipped  by  rail,  but  none  of  the  garbage  was  taken  overland. 
During  this  time  and  in  1894  Dr.  U.  O.  B.  Wingate  was  succeeded  as  Health 
Commissioner  by  Dr.  Walter  Kempster. 

Meanwhile  there  was  considerable  agitation  in  the  city  for  municipal 
ownership  of  a garbage  disposal  plant  and  for  the  erection  of  a garbage  inci- 
nerator. The  reduction  plant  had  caused  complaints  from  the  surrounding 
farmers  and  a complaint  was  made  that  at  various  times  garbage  was 
dumped  into  the  lake  instead  of  being  taken  to  Mequon.  Fault  was  also 
found  with  the  contract  system  of  collection.  Nevertheless,  at  the  expira- 
tion of  the  contract  with  the  Wisconsin  Rendering  Company  in  1897,  an  effort 
was  made  to  renew  it  for  another  term  of  years,  the  Company  offering  to 
dispose  of  the  garbage  and  dead  animals  for  $68,000  a year ; but  the  contract 
was  turned  down. 

In  July,  1897,  the  Council  awarded  a five-year  contract  for  collection  and 
disposal  by  the  Holthaus  system  of  reduction  to  Crilley  & O’Donnell  for  the 
lump  sum  of  $274,500.  But  the  contractors  were  unable  to  raise  the  neces- 
sary funds  to  build  the  works,  and  withdrew. 

In  the  fall  of  1897  Dr.  Walter  Kempster  installed  a system  of  municipal 
collection  and  again  buried  the  garbage  upon  farms.  Objections  were  made 
by  the  authorities  of  the  Town  of  Wauwatosa  and  the  Town  of  Lake,  who 
claimed  that  the  garbage  was  not  properly  buried  and  that  it  caused  a 
nuisance.  During  the  same  year  the  Legislature  authorized  a bond  issue 
for  a disposal  plant,  and  in  September  the  Council  voted  $120,000  for  a muni- 
cipal garbage  incinerator,  but  later  the  State  Supreme  Court  declared  the 
bonds  illegal.  Meanwhile,  the  burial  of  garbage  was  continued  until  1902, 
during  the  incumbency  of  Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz,  Health  Commissioner,  appointed 
in  1898. 

In  1898  other  futile  attempts  to  close  a contract  were  made.  First,  the  City 
Council  voted  for  a five-year  contract  for  collection  and  disposal  for  a lum]3 
sum  of  $300,000  to  Cooper  & Burke.  In  February  the  Mayor  vetoed  the  con- 
tract. Later  the  Council  provided  for  an  issue  of  $80,000  bonds  for  a garbage 
incinerator,  and  awarded  a contract  to  the  Engle  Sanitary  & Cremation  Com- 
pany. The  Supreme  Court  declared  also  this  contract  to  be  illegal  because 
the  debt  limit  of  the  city  was  exceeded. 

In  1899  the  debt  limit  margin  had  been  broadened.  Advertisement  for 
bids  again  followed,  the  Supreme  Court  was  again  appealed  to,  and  all  bids 
were  rejected. 

On  May  18,  1900,  bids  were  again  received,  but  after  considerable  delay, 
in  order  to  release  the  city  from  all  obligations  under  patent  rights,  a con- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


145 


tract  was  awarded  in  March,  1901,  to  the  Engle  Sanitary  & Cremation  Com- 
pany to  build  a furnace  on  Jones  Island,  the  one  now  in  use,  at  a cost  of 
$91,500.  This  cost  included  all  equipment,  together  with  the  purchase  of  the 
right  to  use  the  process. 

Since  then  the  city  garbage  has  been  disposed  of  at  this  place  and  by 
these  works,  with  the  exception  of  certain  portions  of  the  winter  season, 
when  the  plant  has  been  closed  for  repairs  or  when  it  has  been  impracticable 
to  carry  the  garbage  across  the  river  on  scows,  on  account  of  rough  weather 
due  to  winds.  For  a short  time  also  in  the  winter  of  1904-’05,  The  C.  Turner 
Co.,  of  Chicago,  took  a portion  of  the  garbage  by  rail  to  that  city  for  the 
extraction  of  grease  and  fertilizer,  and  paid  for  its  transportation  fifty  cents 
per  ton. 

In  1900  there  were  collected  28,884  tons  of  garbage  and  1,104  tons  of  dead 
animals  from  a population  of  285,000,  or  203  pounds  of  garbage  per  capita  per 
annum,  as  against  220  pounds  last  year.  The  garbage  was  buried.  The  cost 
of  collection  and  disposal  of  the  garbage  was  $64,998,  or  $2.25  per  ton;  of 
dead  animals,  $2,543,  or  $2.33  per  ton. 

In  April,  1906,  Dr.  G.  A.  Bading  was  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
During  his  term  the  garbage  has  all  been  disposed  of  either  at  the  Jones 
Island  incinerator  or  by  burial  in  the  winter  season  northwest  of  the  city. 

There  are  two  principal  reasons  why  the  Health  Department  and  other 
city  officials  of  Milwaukee  are  now  agitating  for  a new  garbage  disposal 
system. 

The  first  of  these  is  that  the  present  incinerator  has  insufficient  capacity 
to  handle  the  garbage  adequately  and  economically  during  the  summer 
months,  which  is  the  portion  of  the  year  when  the  greatest  amount  of 
garbage  is  produced  and  when  its  improper  disposal  causes  the  greatest 
nuisance. 

The  second  reason  is  that  the  present  incinerator  is  improperly  located. 
It  is  on  an  island,  and  the  extra  expense  resulting  therefrom  is  estimated  to 
amount  to  about  45  per  cent,  of  the  whole  cost  of  disposal. 

There  is  no  question  but  that  the  present  incinerator  is  not  only  of  insuffi- 
cient size  for  the  present  amount  of  garbag’e,  but  there  is  no  reserve  furnace 
available,  so  that  a part  of  the  plant  must  be  shut  down  when  repairs  are 
required.  It  is  doubtful  whether  more  than  125  tons  per  day  could  be  safely 
burned  upon  the  whole  furnace,  while  sometimes  it  is  called  upon  during  the 
summer  months  to  dispose  of  more  than  200  tons  per  day.  The  extra  amount 
of  garbage  causes  great  wear  and  tear  on  the  furnace,  and  other  disad- 
vantages result.  Without  a reserve  furnace  there  is  further  the  constant 
danger  of  the  plant  breaking  down  at  a time  when  it  is  most  needed  and  the 
resulting  nuisance  during  a hot  spell  would  be  serious.  No  temporary  relief 
would  be  possible  except  through  dumping  far  out  into  the  lake  or  hauling 
to  a great  distance  outside  of  the  city. 

Regarding  the  location  of  the  present  incinerator,  objections  have  been 
made  both  on  the  grounds  of  expense  and  inconvenience. 


140 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


From  its  inconvenient  location  and  inaccessibility  many  emergencies 
arise  which  increase  the  cost  and  the  troubles  of  proper  management. 

In  the  year  1906  an  estimate  was  made  of  the  annual  additional  cost  due 
to  the  location  of  the  works  upon  the  island  as  against  having  it  on  the  main 
land,  and  it  was  found  that  this  additional  cost  might  be  as  much  as  $20,000 
per  annum.  It  includes  the  present  expense  at  the  hoist,  which  would  become 
unnecessary  and  which  amounts  to  about  $3,700  per  annum.  At  the' main 
plant  there  could  be  saved  a considerable  quantity  of  coal,  and  the  coal  could 
be  more  cheaply  delivered.  There  would  be  a saving  of  the  cost  of  the  two 
scows  used  to  transfer  the  garbage  to  the  island  and  the  necessary  labor  for 
this  and  for  other  purposes. 

Incidentally,  there  is  considerable  time  lost  by  the  collectors  waiting  at 
the  hoist  to  get  rid  of  their  loads  and  take  back  the  empty  boxes. 

The  location  on  the  island  interferes  seriously  in  stormy  weather  with 
the  transfer  of  the  garbage.  There  is  constant  danger  at  such  times  not 
only  of  losing  the  scows,  but  also  the  garbage  boxes.  In  winter  the  garbage 
is  taken  to  farms  for  burial,  thus  giving  an  opportunity  to  repair  the 
furnaces. 

An  important  objection  to  the  present  system  is  that  the  collectors  do 
not  have  time  to  properly  wash  the  boxes  in  which  the  garbage  is  collected. 
The  collector  must  wait  not  only  long  enough  to  have  his  box  unloaded,  but 
also  for  his  turn  to  get  it  washed. 

It  has  been  suggested  to  facilitate  the  transfer  of  garbage  by  means  of 
a cable  or  chain  across  the  river.  But  the  United  States  army  engineers 
decline  to  approve  of  such  a plan,  as  it  would  be  a serious  and  unreasonable 
obstruction  to  navigation. 

Notwithstanding  the  objections  to  the  present  garbage  plant,  it  has  in 
a measure  been  successful.  It  has  demonstrated  that  the  garbage  can  be 
burned  in  a sanitary  manner  without  nuisance  or  offense,  and  that  it  can  be 
completely  burned.  The  only  objectionable  features  have  been  the  insufficient 
capacity  and  large  expense,  partly  because  of  its  location  and  partly  because 
of  improper  design  and  the  necessary  costly  operation  of  the  furnaces.  It 
requires  a large  amount  of  coal  for  combustion,  and  makes  no  use  of  the 
large  amount  of  heat  generated.  No  effort  has  been  made  to  utilize  the  sur- 
plus heat,  or  to  make  other  extensive  changes,  chiefly  because  the  department 
believes  that  the  location  of  the  present  works  is  objectionable  and  their 
operation  not  economical. 


ASHES. 

For  over  thirty  years  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  with  its  ward  teams,  has 
been  collecting  and  disposing  of  the  ashes  for  filling  purposes.  This  system 
is  in  vogue  at  the  present  time.  It  is  under  the  supervision  and  control  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Works. 

During  a part  of  the  year  1907  a new  plan  of  assessment  for-  ash  col- 
lection was  tried,  each  property  owner  being  charged  with  the  amount  of 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


147 


work  required  to  remove  the  ashes  from  his  premises.  They  would  be  removed 
only  at  the  request  of  the  property  owners.  This  plan  has  been  abandoned 
because  it  did  not  work  successfully.  Now  the  expense  for  ash  collection  is 
again  being  taken  out  of  the  general  fund. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  at  any  time  by  the  city  to  utilize  the  unburned 
coal  in  the  ashes  for  fuel. 


RUBBISH. 

Not  until  lately  has  the  city  authorized  its  ward  teams  to  dispose  of  the 
rubbish.  Before,  the  citizens  were  required  to  dispose  of  it  themselves.  As 
a matter  of  practice,  however,  the  ward  teams  have  taken  it,  or  much  of  it, 
for  a number  of  years,  as  it  seemed  impracticable  to  compel  householders 
to  separate  it  from  the  ashes.  An  ordinance  in  1907  authorized  the  Board  of 
Public  Works,  through  its  ward  teams,  to  collect  ashes  and  rubbish,  and  this 
material  is  now  used  for  filling  purposes.  Many  rag  pickers  and  poor  people 
have  made  a practice  of  visiting  the  dumps  and  picking  out  portions  of  the 
rubbish.  Junk  dealers  have  taken  iron,  tin,  leather  and  old  bottles  and  other 
discarded  objects  and  have  sold  them. 

This  practice  has,  so  far,  not  been  interferred  with  by  the  health  author- 
ities, although  the  opinion  of  the  present  Health  Commissioner  is  that  the 
practice  is  dangerous  to  health  and  that  the  dumping  of  rubbish  in  places 
where  it  can  be  picked  over  is  by  no  means  sanitary. 

The  practice  of  picking  over  was  tried  in  a few  English  cities  because 
there  was  quite  an  income  secured  therefrom.  But  the  sanitary  authorities 
have  found  it  desirable  to  stop  the  practice  except  in  a few  places.  Also  in 
our  country,  as  in  New  York,  Boston,  Buffalo,  and  perhaps  elsewhere,  the 
rubbish  has  been  picked  over,  yielding  quite  a revenue  to  the  city.  But  the 
tendency  to  continue  this  practice  is  decreasing,  and  it  is  probable  that  it 
will  be  suppressed  in  the  near  future.  Of  all  the  refuse  discarded  by  a city 
none  is  more  dangerous,  from  a sanitary  point  of  view,  than  the  rubbish,  as 
already  intimated,  because  it  is  this  material  which  is  liable  to  contain  what- 
ever disease  germs  are  harbored  in  furniture,  bedding,  dust,  sweepings, 
utensils  and  articles  used  in  the  houses  of  the  sick. 


STREET  SWEEPINGS. 

The  street  sweepings  from  paved  streets,  as  well  as  from  macadam  and 
earth  streets,  have  always  been  collected  by  the  ward  teams  and  used  for 
filling  purposes.  Sometimes  complaint  has  been  made  at  certain  dumps  that 
this  filling  material  created  a nuisance.  In  such  instances  it  was  found  that 
the  sweepings  contained  a large  amount  of  decomposing  organic  matter. 

But  the  disposal  of  street  sweepings  has  thus  far  not  become  a serious 
question,  although  it  will  become  so  in  the  future,  as  it  has  already  become 
elsewhere. 


148 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MANURE  AND  NIGHT  SOIL. 

The  city  has  required  owners  of  stables  to  remove  the  manure  and  has 
only  assisted  in  the  disposal  of  it  during  recent  summers  by  making  an 
arrangement  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railroad  Co.,  whereby 
cars  were  stationed  in  the  heart  of  the  city  in  the  Reed  street  yard,  where 
owners  could  discharge  this  refuse.  It  is  then  hauled  by  the  railway  com- 
pany to  neighboring  county  institutions  and  used  as  a fertilizer. 

There  appears  to  be  no  permanency  in  this  arrangement,  however,  and 
the  Health  Department  believes  that  the  manure  question  is  becoming  a 
serious  one  in  hot  weather,  because  stable  owners  cannot  always  properly 
dispose  of  this  material.  The  officials  are  convinced  that  the  time  is  approach- 
ing when  the  city  should  make  arrangements  whereby  stable  refuse  can  be 
disposed  of  by  the  municipality.  In  winter  time  farmers  sometimes  come 
into  town  and  cart  it  out  upon  their  farms,  but  in  summer  it  is  not  wanted. 

It  should  be  stated  that  stable  manure  can  readily  be  burned  and  that 
one  of  the  largest  stables  in  New  York,  namely,  that  of  the  American  Express 
Co.,  is  erecting  a furnace  to  burn  the  manure  from  its  horses  as  the  cheapest 
way  to  get  rid  of  it. 

The  disposal  of  night  soil  is  effected  by  private  scavengers  licensed  by 
the  city  under  the  supervision  of  the  Health  Department. 

^ Night  soil  has  always  been  dumped  upon  land  outside  of  the  city.  At 
various  times  injunctions  have  been  brought  restraining  such  dumping,  and 
as  a result  thereof  dumping  on  land  is  forbidden  in  several  of  the  adjoining 
towns  and  villages. 

Owing*  to  the  abolition  of  the  old  vaults,  and  the  extension  of  the  sew- 
erage system,  the  disposal  of  night  soil  is  becoming  less  serious.  An  ordinance 
prohibits  the  establishment  of  privy  vaults  on  property  where  the  street 
has  a sewer. 

A method  which  is  being  more  and  more  used  to  dispose  of  the  com- 
paratively small  amount  of  night  soil  in  a sewered  city,  is  to  dump  the 
same  at  night  into  a large  sewer  having  a good  flow  of  water.  Our  American 
sewage  is  hardly  one-half  as  concentrated  as  European  sewage,  and  we  can 
easily  double  the  amount  of  excreta  in  the  same  before  it  would  equal  the 
latter  in  strength.  If  the  work  is  properly  done,  this  disposal  cannot  be 
objectionable. 


SUMMARY. 

The  chief  cause  of  the  present  investigation,  and  which  is  most  trouble- 
some, is  the  garbage,  for  which  unquestionably  a much  better  disposal  can  be 
introduced.  The  history  of  the  g'arbage  disposal  in  this  city  indicates  that 
practically  all  available  methods  have  been  tried,  and  all  been  found  wanting 
in  one  way  or  another,  not  due  to  the  method  intrinsically,  but  to  the  fact 
that  the  works  were  either  improperly  designed,  or  the  operation  of  disposal 
was  inefficient  or  conducted  first  for  profit  and  secondly  for  sanitation. 

There  appears  to  be  little  agitation  as  yet  to  change  the  method  of  dis- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


149 


posing  of  rubbish  by  dumping,  although  from  a strictly  health  point  of  view 
it  is  the  more  serious  nuisance.  There  is  little  objection  to  the  present 
methods  of  dumping  ashes  and  street  sweepings.  Any  change  likely  to  be 
advocated  would  be  wholly  in  the  direction  of  economy  in  the  disposal.  But 
there  is  some  indication  that  the  disposal  of  stable  manure  is  likely  to 
demand  serious  consideration  at  an  early  day. 

The  object  of  this  report  will,  therefore,  be  to  indicate,  chiefly  the  best 
and  most  economical  method  of  disposing  of  garbage  and  rubbish,  and,  to 
a certain  degree  also,  of  stable  manure.  If  the  addition  of  ashes  and  street 
sweepings  will  assist  in  economizing  this  disposal,  they  should  be  considered 
in  connection  therewith. 

EXPERIENCES  ELSEWHERE. 

Until  the  middle  of  the  last  century  cities  disposed  of  their  general 
refuse  simply  by  dumping  and  filling  up  low  land.  Garbage,  when  fresh,  was 
used  chiefly  for  feeding,  and  when  stale,  it  was  mixed  with  other  refuse  and 
dumped. 

About  fifty  years  ago  England  began  to  improve  on  this  method  by  intro- 
ducing incinerators.  It  had  been  found  that  all  domestic  refuse,  when  mixed 
a rapid  growth  of  refuse  destruction  by  fire.  Today  it  is  the  only  method 
to  burn  without  the  addition  of  fuel. 

The  Fryer  furnace  at  Nottingham,  built  in  1875,  was  the  first  successful 
refuse  destructor.  It  consisted  of  a series  of  cells,  each  being  about  five  feet 
square,  having  a grate  sloping  toward  the  front  and  fed  through  a hopper 
at  the  rear.  The  success  of  this  furnace  was  sufficient  to  cause  in  England 
a rapid  growth  of  refuse  destruction  by  fire.  Today  it  is  the  only  method 
for  this  purpose  practiced  in  that  country. 

Many  improvements  in  the  details  of  construction  and  operation  have 
since  been  made.  About  ten  years  ago  the  burning  of  refuse  was  introduced 
into  Germany  and  Belgium;  recently  it  has  been  introduced  in  Paris,  and  is 
now  favored  quite  generally  in  Europe  and  wherever  city  refuse  is  to  be 
destroyed. 

In  the  United  States  the  best  early  methods  pursued  were  feeding  gar- 
bage to  swine  and  dumping  the  other  refuse.  Due  to  the  better  conditions 
of  our  soil,  city  refuse  has  not  been  much  used  for  fertilizing  purposes. 

When  it  became  apparent  that  only  fresh  garbage  could  be  safely  fed  to 
animals,  and  that  in  large  cities  it  was  difficult  to  collect  and  dispose  of 
garbage  so  rapidly  that  it  could  be  fed  in  a fresh  state,  other  methods  of 
disposal  were  sought.  On  account  of  the  nuisance  caused  by  the  early  putri- 
faction  of  garbage,  efforts  were  made,  chiefly  in  the  large  cities,  to  find  some 
way  of  disposing  of  it  properly,  and  no  attention  was  given  to  other  parts  of 
the  city’s  refuse,  which  were  usually  dumped  anywhere  at  the  least  pos- 
sible cost. 


150 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  first  of  these  methods  of  garbage  disposal  was  incineration,  and 
the  Engle  Furnace,  as  already  mentioned,  was  the  first  one  to  be  introduced 
in  this  country. 

Due  to  the  large  amount  of  moisture  contained  in  garbage,  if  not  mixed 
with  rubbish  and  ashes,  which  permits  much  of  the  moisture  to  evaporate,  it 
was  found  necessary  to  add  fuel,  such  as  coal  and  the  Engle  Furnace,  as  well 
as  almost  all  of  the  subsequent  variations  of  it?  used  coal  in  greater  or  less 
quantities  to  assist  combustion. 

It  will  be  evident  that  the  addition  of  coal  represents  in  some  cases,  as 
in  Milwaukee,  a large  expense.  It  is,  therefore,  strange  that  for  many  years 
no  furnace  was  designed  on  well  considered  principles  to  burn  the  garbage 
in  a way  so  that  the  amount  of  coal  would  be  reduced  to  a minimum  or 
made  entirely  superfluous.  It  is  not  necessary  here  to  mention  the  many 
patterns  of  furnaces  that  have  been  suggested  and  erected  in  our  country 
and  which  have  been  more  or  less  successful  for  a while,  but  almost  none  of 
which  have  stood  the  test  of  time  and  intelligent  investigation,  and  none 
until  recently  demonstrated  their  capacity  to  permanently  maintain  a satis- 
factory disposal  at  low  cost. 

The  Dixon  Garbage  Crematory  is  used  more  extensively  than  any  other. 
It  also  had  a successful  exhibit  at  the  St.  Louis  World’s  Fair  in  1904.  The 
cost  of  burning  garbag-e  is,  in  round  numbers,  about  50  cents  per  ton  for 
coal  and  labor  under  average  conditions,  but  excluding  fixed  charges.  No 
effort  is  made  with  the  furnace  to  do  more  than  cremate  the  garbage,  and 
none  to  utilize  heat  for  any  other  purpose. 

The  Decairie  Incinerating  Furnace  has  also  been  recently  used  in  several 
cities.  Its  chief  difference  from  other  furnaces  is  that  it  contains  a drying- 
rack,  acting  as  an  upper  grate  upon  which  the  wet  garbage  is  first  dumped. 
Less  coal  is  generally  used  than  in  the  Dixon  Crematory.  The  cosU of  burn- 
ing garbage  is  therefore  correspondingly  less.  The  furnace  temperatures 
are  generally  not  higher  than  required  to  burn  the  refuse  and  no  effort  is 
made  to  utilize  all  its  available  calorific  value  for  steam  raising  purposes. 

The  cost  ranges  from  fifteen  to  fifty  cents  per  ton,  depending  chiefly  on 
the  character  of  the  refuse. 

The  first  furnace  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  ocean  which  has  not  only 
given  complete  satisfaction,  both  from  a sanitary  and  economical  point  of 
view,  but  has  utilized  the  heat  created  by  the  burning,  is  one  which  was 
erected  a few  years  ago  and  has  since  been  operated  at  Westmount,  a suburb 
of  Montreal,  Canada.  It  is  situated  not  very  far  from  residences,  has  a 
capacity  of  50  tons  per  day,  burns  all  kinds  of  refuse,  and  supplies  heat  for 
generating  the  electricity  which  assists  in  lighting-  the  town.  The  cost  of 
incineration,  including  fixed  charges,  is  43  cents  per  ton. 

Since  then  a number  of  projects  have  been  discussed  in  the  United  States. 
A furnace  is  now  being*  erected  in  New  York,  in  the  Borough  of  Richmond, 
designed  on  principles  determined  by  the  Borough  Department,  and  calcu- 
lated to  consume  general  refuse  and  utilize  the  heat  for  power.  It  promises 


COMM  I SSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


1.51 


to  give  satisfactory  results  at  small  cost.  With  a careful  analysis  of  the 
materials  of  the  refuse  and  of  all  the  physical  conditions,  it  is  not  a difficult 
engineering  problem  to  foretell  the  results  that  must  follow.  There  are  pre- 
cedents almost  innumerable  under  conditions  precisely  like  those  at  West- 
mount  and  Richmond  which  allow  such  a forecast  to  be  made  with  no  ques- 
tion as  to  the  final  result. 

Wliile  in  Europe  the  destruction  of  city  refuse  by  fire  has  been  practic- 
ally the  only  method  which  has  proven  successful  and  economical,  there  has 
developed  in  the  United  States  another  method  which  has  advantages  that 
cannot  be  secured  elsewhere. 

The  character  of  the  garbage  in  the  United  States,  due  to  the  wastefulness 
of  food  matter,  particularly  of  animal  food,  is  such  that  there  is  a large  per- 
centage of  grease  in  the  garbage,  which  varies  from  2 to  3.5  per  cent,  of  the 
whole  mass.  This  grease  may  be  advantageously  used  for  the  manufacture 
of  candles,  soaps  and  other  products,  and  therefore  holds  a good  price.  Pri- 
vate companies  have  organized  for  thus  utilizing  the  garbage.  They  have 
sought  their  profit  chiefly  in  the  extraction  of  the  grease,  although  another 
product  obtained  is  the  tankage,  a material  which  can  be  used  as  a filler  for 
rich  fertilizers  and  has  also  a market  value. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  we  have  had  for  about  twenty  years  a large  num- 
ber of  what  are  called  garbage  reduction  works  in  the  United  States,  and  they 
have  been  built  in  almost  all  of  our  large  cities,  where  it  has  been  found 
most  economical  to  build  them  and  where  the  garbage  has  been  richest  in 
grease,  which  is  the  most  profitable  product.  This  method  of  garbage  dis- 
posal has  been  advocated  strongly  by  parties  having  a commercial  interest  in 
the  products,  and  even  by  others  on  the  ground  of  economy. 

The  City  of  Cleveland  has  installed  a plant  owned  by  the  city  for  the 
extraction  of  grease  and  fertilizer  from  its  garbage,  and  the  plant  is  operated 
by  salaried  employes  of  the  city.  Cost  items  are  thus  readily  available  and! 
can  be  used  to  fairly  well  ascertain  the  cost  of  this  method,  which  was. 
formerly  held  closely  guarded  by  private  interests. 

When  considering  the  question  of  refuse  disposal  of  a city  we  must  at 
once  perceive  that  the  most  economical  method  will  be  that  which,  as  a whole 
or  in  the  summation  of  its  parts,  gives  the  least  expensive  method  of  dispos- 
ing of  the  entire  quantity  of  refuse. 

Where  the  disposal  of  garbage  alone  by  incineration  is  practiced,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  ascertain  the  cost  of  disposing  also  of  the  other  classes  of 
refuse.  It  is  practicable  to  destroy  by  fire,  not  only  garbage  and  rubbish,  but 
also  manure  and  certain  classes  of  street  sweepings.  It  is  also  practicable 
to  utilize  a large  percentage  of  unburnt  coal  and  cinders  in  discarded  ashes. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  grease  and  fertilizer  are  obtained  from  garbage, 
it  is  necessary  to  ascertain  the  additional  expense  of  disposing  of  the  rubbish, 
street  sweepings,  manure  and  ashes  in  the  most  economical  way. 

Only  by  considering  the  entire  cost  of  each  of  the  present  efficient  methods 


152 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


of  garbage  disposal,  together  with  the  cost  of  disposing  of  the  other  refuse, 
can  a proper  solution  for  a city  be  obtained. 

In  conclusion,  it  may  be  well  to  state  what  methods  of  disposal  have 
been  found  good,  their  preferences  being  based  on  sanitation,  cost  and  simpli- 
city of  operation. 

GARBAGE. 

Hotel  and  restaurant  garbage,  if  collected  daily,  is  most  profitably, 
economically  and  satisfactorily  fed  to  swine.  This  is  done  in  most  New  Eng- 
land cities. 

The  City  of  Berlin,  in  Germany,  gives  the  garbage  a shallow  burial  for 
fertilizing  purposes,  with  a fair  degree  of  satisfaction. 

The  only  other  satisfactory  methods  are  either  a well-operated  system  of 
reduction  or  of  incineration. 

RUBBISH. 

Rubbish  from  large  cities  is  still,  to  some  extent,  picked  over.  The 
custom,  while  profitable,  is  not  a sanitary  one  and  may  some  day  cause  dis- 
astrous results.  It  should  therefore  be  abandoned. 

Many  cities  still  dispose  of  rubbish  by  dumping.  Though  perhaps  econo- 
mical under  certain  conditions,  this  system  is  likewise  not  a sanitary  one, 
as  objectionable  results,  due  to  dissemination  of  disease  germs,  may  result. 
It  is  also  gradually  being  abandoned. 

The  most  sanitary  method  and  under  certain  conditions  also  the  most 
economical  one,  is  a destruction  by  incineration. 

ASHES. 

There  can  be  no  objection  to  dumping  ashes  for  filling  where  it  is 
economical  to  do  so  and  the  dust  nuisance  is  prevented.  If  we  consider  that 
in  most  of  our  cities  there  is  contained  from  20  to  30  per  cent,  of  unburnt 
coal  in  the  ashes,  it  may  be  more  economical  to  use  it  for  the  assistance  of 
burning  garbage  than  to  dump  it  without  thus  utilizing  the  calorific  value  of 
the  coal.  This  is  profitably  done  in  many  cities. 

STREET  SWEEPINGS  AND  MANURE. 

Where  street  sweepings  contain  a great  deal  of  mud  and  inorganic  mat- 
ter, it  is  best  to  dispose  of  them  for  filling.  When  they  can  be  collected  from 
well-paved  streets  of  the  center  of  the  town,  they  contain  sufficient  calorific 
value  to  be  burned.  Incineration  has  the  advantage  that  it  destroys  the 
dust,  lodging  in  the  streets,  which  frequently  contains  the  disease  germs 
resulting  from  city  life,  and  incineration  is  therefore  preferable  on  sanitary 
grounds.  ^ 

Stable  manure  likewise  has  a sufficient  calorific  value  for  burning,  and 
burning  is  preferable,  when  it  is  economical;  otherwise,  dumping  or  burial 
Will  be  satisfactory. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


153 


MILWAUKEE  DATA. 

Under  the  present  heading-  it  is  endeavored  to  state  the  conditions  which 
affect  the  refuse  disposal  in  Milwaukee,  giving  the  fundamental  data  upon 
which  all  recommendations  must  be  based. 


TOPOGRAPHY. 

The  City  of  Milwaukee  is  situated  on  the  western  shore  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan, and  has  a total  area  of  about  22.5  square  miles.  Its  average  length, 
north  and  south,  is  6.5  miles,  and  its  average  width,  east  and  west,  4 miles. 

At  about  the  center  of  the  city,  between  north  and  south,  the  Milwaukee 
river  discharges  into  the  lake,  and  flows  from  the  north  almost  parallel  with 
the  lake  shore,  being  one-half  to  about  three  miles  west  of  it.  The  Menomo- 
nee river  flows  through  the  city  from  west  to  east,  and  discharges  into  the 
Milwaukee  river  near  its  mouth.  A third  river,  the  Kinnickinnic,  is  much 
smaller  and  originates  within  the  southern  part  of  the  county.  It  flows 
northerly  and  joins  the  Milwaukee  river  at  its  mouth. 

At  former  times  all  three  rivers  entered  the  lake  about  half  a mile  south 
of  the  present  mouth  or  harbor,  inlet,  but  the  old  mouth  has  been  filled  up  and 
they  now  discharge  through  the  new  harbor  inlet.  Owing  to  the  old  outlet, 
although  filled  up  at  present,  the  land  between  the  old  and  new  outlets  is 
called  Jones  Island,  and  upon  it  are  located  the  present  garbage  crematory 
and  the  sewage  pumping  station. 

Near  the  lake  shore  and  between  the  Milwaukee  river  and  the  lake,  the 
ground  is  fairly  high.  There  is  generally  a fairly  good  slope  from  the  north, 
west  and  south  to  the  center  of  the  city  or  mouth  of  the  river.  This  fact  is 
important,  because  it  indicates  a general  descent  from  most  parts  of  the 
city  to  the  mouth  of  the  river  where  the  present  garbage  disposal  plant  is 
located  and  to  which  the  garbage  is  therefore  most  economically  brought. 

There  is  a broad  flat  and  low  valley  along  the  Menomonee  river  near  the 
center  of  the  city  extending  westward  for  several  miles,  which  is  chiefly  used 
for  manufacturing  establishments,  and  in  it  the  old  garbage  plants  were 
located. 


POPULATION. 

The  population  of  Milwaukee  is  estimated  at  about  350,000.  In  1900  it 
was  about  290,000.  Its  growth  is  steady  and  fairly  rapid.  The  accompanying 
table  indicates  the  population  by  precints,  as  recorded  in  the  state  census 
of  1905. 


154 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  I. 

POPULATION  OF  THE  CITY  OF  MILWAUKEE  BY  PRECINCTS. 
STATE  CENSUS  1905. 


Ward.  Pr. 


. Ward.  Pr. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


6 


7 


8 


9 


1 


3 

4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 


1 


4 


1 

2 


4 

5 


1 

2 

3 

4 


6 


1 

2 

3 

4 

1 


3 

4 


6 


1,292 

2,918 

1,924 

3,133 

9,267 

1,836 

1,751 

1,851 

2,088 

1,711 

9,237 

1,040 

2,077 

2,236 


1,510 

2,358 

1,519 

2,043 

2,196 

9,626 

888 

2,150 

2,464 

2,266 

2,165 

9.933 

1,984 

2,383 

2,672 

2,195 

1,980 

1,746 

12,960 

1,746 

2,830 

1,950 

6,526 

2,239 

2,317 

2,574 

3,301 

10,431 

3,128 

2,647 

2,695 

2,541 

3,330 

3,283 


10 


11 


12 


14 


15 


16 


17 


1 2,201 

2  2,225 

3  3,002 

4  2,873 

5  3,346 

6  3,384 


1  3,120 

2  2,502 

3  4,039 

4  4,274 

5  3,400 

6  3,248 

7  2,971 


1  2,464 

2  2,205 

3  2,158 

4  2,878 

5  3,311 


1  2,477 

2  2,402 

3  2,577 

4  2,851 

5  4,058 

6  3,938 


1  3,464 

2  4,717 

3  2,741 

4  4,265 

5  4,763 

6  5,350 


1  3,317 

2  2,557 

3  2,829 

4  3,416 

5  2,504 


1  1,927 

2  2,465 

3  2,700 

4  1,128 


1  2,597 

2  3,783 

3  2,499 

4  2,952 


17,031 


23,554 


13,016 


18,303 


25,300 


14,623 


11,220 


17,624 


11,831 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


155 


Ward.  Pr.  Ward.  Pr. 

18  1 2,269 

2  3,568 

3  2,470 

4  3,906 

5  1,894 

(> 1,368 

15,475 

19  1 2,525 

2  2,997 

3  3,044 

4  3,397 

11,963 

20  1 3,601 

2  4,077 

3  3,454 

4  3,251 

5  2,713 

6  3,313 

20,409 

Total  population  312,954  in  1905. 

Estimate  of  A.  G.  Wright,  directory  publisher,  for  1907 — 350,000. 


TABLE  NO.  2. 


TABLE  SHOWING  CHARACTER  OF  POPULATION. 

In  order  to  have  a better  judgment  of  the  relative  character  and  amount 
of  refuse  in  each  of  the  different  wards  of  the  city,  there  is  attached  a table 
showing  the  character  of  population  in  them. 

First  Ward — Part  well-to-do  residents ; part  factories,  tanneries ; inter- 
mixed with  Greeks  and  other  foreigners,  laboring  class. 

Second  Ward — Large  Ghetto  district ; middle-class  flat  buildings  in  upper 
part ; a few  manufacturing  institutions,  including  breweries,  and  stores. 

Third  Ward — Italian  settlement ; wholesale  district ; boarding-houses, 
apartment  houses ; a few  manufacturing  establishments. 

Fourth  Ward — Business  district;  hotels,  restaurants,  large  flat  buildings, 
apartment  houses,  factories  and  homes  of  day  laborers. 

Fifth  Ward — Day  laborers,  mechanics,  some  well-to-do  residents ; hotels, 
saloons,  boarding-houses,  lodging-houses  and  manufacturing  plants. 

Sixth  Ward— Middle-class  residents ; some  stores. 

Seventh  Ward — One-third  well-to-do  resident  district ; lower  part  hotels, 
saloons,  rooming-houses ; practically  no  factories. 

Eighth  Ward — Middle-class  laborers ; a few  factories,  lumber  yards,  tan- 
neries, etc. 

Ninth  Ward — Chiefly  middle-class  laborers,  small  business  men  and  shop 
men. 

Tenth  Ward — Same  as  Ninth. 

Eleventh  Ward — Polish  population ; day  laborers ; small  tradesmen. 


21  1 3,104 

2  5,005 

3  3,128 

4  4,557 

22  1 3,610 

2  1,852 

3  3,451 

4  1,932 

5  2,618 

23  1 2,205 

2  2,637 

3  2,365 

4  2,808 


15,794 


13,463 


10,015 


156 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Twelfth  Ward — Middle-class  laborers,  small  tradesmen  and  mechanics; 
large  manufacturing  district. 

Thirteenth  Ward — Day  laborers  and  middle-class. 

Fourteenth  Ward — Polish  population;  day  laborers,  mechanics  and  small 
tradesmen. 

Fifteenth  Ward — Well-to-do  residents  ; mechanics  and  small  business  men. 

Sixteenth  Ward — Well-to-do  residents ; small  business  men  and  a small 
portion  manufacturing,  with  residences  of  day  laborers. 

Seventeenth  Ward — Day  laborers,  mill  men,  small  business  men  and  fac- 
tories. 

Eighteenth  Ward — Chiefly  well-to-do  near  lake ; lower  portion  day 
laborers  near  river. 

Nineteenth  Ward — Day  laborers,  mechanics  and  small  business  men. 

Twentieth  Ward — Same  as  Nineteenth. 

Twenty-first  Ward — Small  business  men,  mechanics  and  day  laborers. 

Twenty-second  Ward — Small  business  men,  day  laborers,  mechanics  and 
small  tradesmen  ; some  factories. 

Twenty-third  Ward — Railroad  employes ; small  tradesmen,  and  some  well- 
to-do  residents. 


The  quantity  of  garbage,  rubbish  and  waste  coal  is  usually  much  greater 
in  the  well-to-do  districts  than  in  those  occupied  chiefly  by  a laboring  popula- 
tion. 

GARBAGE. 

The  data  concerning  garbage  are  more  complete  in  Milwaukee  than  in 
the  average  American  city.  They  are  given  below. 

QUANTITY. 

Appended  are  three  tables  which  have  been  compiled  to  show  the  amount 
of  garbage  collected  and  disposed  of  by  cremation,  and  in  other  ways,  during 
the  year  1906. 

TABLE  NO.  3. 


GARBAGE  COLLECTION. 

Small 

Public  Wagons.  Private  Wagons.  Dead  Animals.  Total. 


Ton- 

Ton- 

Ton- 

Ton- 

Month. 

Loads. 

nage. 

Loads. 

nage. 

Loads. 

nage, 

, Loads. 

nage. 

January  . . . . 

. 4,032 

2,419 

45 

31 

10 

5 

4,087 

2,455 

February  . . . 

. 3,432 

2.332 

45 

32 

8 

4 

3,485 

2,368 

March 

. 4,036 

2,825 

45 

31 

10 

5 

4,091 

2,861 

April 

. 3,533 

2,381 

45 

34 

13 

6 

3,591 

2,421 

May 

. 3,939 

2,999 

17 

8 

3,956 

3,007 

June 

. 4,475 

4,173 

8 

7 

20 

10 

4,503 

4,190 

July 

. 4,453 

4,035 

12 

11 

13 

7 

4,478 

4,053 

August  

. 4,864 

4.373 

50 

45 

17 

9 

4,931 

4,427 

September  . . 

. 4,366 

3,951 

13 

12 

13 

6 

4,392 

3,969 

October 

. 3,890 

3,430 

29 

23 

10 

5 

3,929 

3,458 

November  ..  . 

. 3,740 

2,932 

29 

23 

9 

5 

3,778 

2,960 

December  . . . 

, . 3,148 

2,362 

18 

14 

10 

5 

3,176 

2,381 

Total  . . . 

, . 47,908 

38,212 

339 

263 

150 

75 

48,397 

38,550 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


157 


TABLE  NO.  4. 


DISPOSAL  BY  CREMATION,  1906. 


Month. 

Tons  Garbage 
received  from 
Collection 
Department. 

January  

438 

February  

1,116. 

March  

2,497 

April 

2,415 

May 

2,999 

June  

4,180 

July 

4,046 

August 

4,418 

September  

3,963 

October 

3.453 

November  

2,962 

December 

2,633 

Total 

35,120 

TABLE 

DISPOSAL  OTHEE  THAN 
Delivered  to 


Month. 

Farms  at 
City’s 
Expense. 

J anuary  

Loads. 

8 

Ton: 

4 

February  

8 

4 

March  

10 

8 

April  

5 

4 

May 

8 

6 

June  

8 

6 

July 

10 

8 

August 

9 

7 

September  

10 

8 

October  

10 

8 

November  

8 

6 

December  

6 

5 

Total 

. . . 100 

74 

Tons  Small 
Animals 
received. 

Tons  Garbage 
delivered  at 
the  plant  by 
private  parties. 

Total 

5 

443 

4 

1,120 

5 

2,502 

6 

2,421 

8 

5 

3,012 

10 

10 

4,200 

7 

10 

4,063 

9 

5 

4,432 

6 

5 

3,974 

5 

5 

3,463 

5 

5 

2,972 

5 

5 

2,643 

75 

50 

35,245 

NO.  5. 

BY  CREMATION,  1906. 


Buried  on 
Zillmer 
Farm  at 


City’s  Expense. 

Total. 

Loads. 

Tons. 

Loads. 

Tons. 

3,152 

2,206 

3,160 

2,210 

1,535 

1,075 

1,543 

1,079 

10 

8 

5 

4 

8 

6 

8 

6 

10 

8 

9 

7 

10 

8 

10 

8 

8 

6 

6 

6 

4,687 

3,281 

4,787 

3,355 

One  can  observe  from  tKese  tables  that  a much  larger  amount  of  garbage 
is  collectible  in  summer  than  in  winter.  The  total  annual  tonnage  is  38,600 
tons,  and  if  we  assume  310  working  days  in  the  year  this  gives  an  average 
amount  of  124  tons  per  day. 

During  January  nearly  all  of  the  garbage  was  buried.  During  February 
about  one-half  was  buried,  and  during  the  remaining  months  it  was  nearly 
all  cremated,  with  a few  loads  going  to  farmers. 


WEIGHT  AND  COMPOSITION. 

On  August  20th  and  21st  and  on  November  11th  and  12th,  1907,  represen- 
tative loads  of  garbage  were  taken  and  weighed.  The  results  are  given  in 
the  appended  Table  No.  6.  The  August  weights  represent  the  warm  weather 
and  the  fruit  season  conditions,  and  the  November  weights  cooler  weather 
and  after  the  height  of  the  fruit  season  had  passed.  The  decrease  in  the 
weight  of  the  average  load  between  the  two  periods  was  114  pounds. 


158 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  6. 


WEIGHTS  OF  REPRESENTATIVE  LOADS  OF  GARBAGE  IN  POUNDS. 


Aug.  20, 
Aug.  21, 


Nov.  11, 


Nov.  12. 


Ward. 

Gross  Weight. 

Tare. 

Net. 

Fifth 

3550 

1475 

2075 

Second  

3030 

1575 

1455 

Eighth  

3604 

1690 

1914 

Seventh  

3640 

1300 

2160 

Ninth  

3250 

1600 

1650 

Eighteenth  . . . 

3950 

1700 

2250 

Eleventh  

3300 

1350 

1950 

Seventh  

3620 

1500 

2120 

Twenty-first  . . 

3350 

1680 

1670 

Fourth  

3320 

1575 

1745 

Twenty-second 

3100 

1550 

1550 

Seventeenth  . . 

3400 

1450 

1950 

Eleventh 

3150 

1600 

1550 

Seventh  

3900 

1575 

2325 

Nineteenth  . . . 

3260 

1600 

1660 

Fourth  

3820 

1500 

2320 

Fifth  

3350 

1400 

1950 

Eighteenth  . . . 

3050 

1575 

1475 

Twelfth  

3100 

1500 

1600 

Sixth 

3500 

1650 

1850 

Fifteenth 

2940 

1550 

1390 

Second  

3200 

1720 

1480 

Average. 


1874 


1760 


In  order  to  ascertain  the  composition  of  Milwaukee  garbage  for  the 
purpose  of  knowing  its  ingredients,  with  reference  to  the  extraction  of  grease, 
and  to  its  calorific  value  for  burning,  Prof.  R.  E.  W.  Sommer,  of  Milwaukee, 
kindly  collected  an  average  sample  and  made  the  necessary  analyses.  His 
report  is  embodied  as  Appendix  I. 

A careful  selection  was  made  to  get  a fairly  average  sample,  which  was 
piled  up,  quartered  and  comminuted  prior  to  analysis. 

The  analyses  are  as  follows : 


I.  DRY  GARBAGE. 

In  100  pounds  of  dry  garbage  there  were  contained: 


Ashes  61.88  lbs. 

Combustible  matter 38.12  lbs. 

Grease  8.775  lbs. 

Nitrogen  1.61  lbs. 

Glucose  12.50  lbs. 

Phosphoric  acid 2.31  lbs. 


One  pound  of  dry  garbage  on  combustion  gave  4,522  British  Thermal 
Units  of  heat. 


II.  WET  GARBAGE. 

100  pounds  contains  22  pounds  of  dry  garbage  and  78  pounds  of  water. 
In  100  pounds  of  wet  garbage  there  were  contained : 


Ashes  13.61  lbs. 

Combustibles  8.39  lbs. 

Grease  1.93  lbs. 

Nitrogen  r-  0.35  lbs. 

Glucose  2.75  lbs. 

Phosphoric  acid 0.51  lbs. 


COMMISSI  ONEE  OF  HEALTH. 


159 


In  order  to  determine  the  free  moisture,  certain  tests  were  made  showing 
how  much  water  would  exude  from  the  garbage  under  its  own  pressure. 

It  was  found  that  if  piled  at  a height  of  8 inches  % per  cent,  of  the 
water  drained  off ; at  a height  of  16  inches,  7.5  per  cent,  drained  off ; and  at 
a height  of  24  inches,  9 % per  cent,  drained  off. 

The  calorific  value  of  the  garbage  was  carefully  ascertained  on  the  basis 
that  91/3  pounds  of  water  will  be  removed  from  the  garbage  by  its  own 
weight  before  it  reaches  the  furnace.  As  the  total  amount  of  water  was 
78  pounds,  it  was  therefore  necessary  to  evaporate  68%  pounds  of  water. 
To  do  this  requires  66,371  B.  T.  U.  Adding  the  heat  required  to  raise  the 
temperature  of  the  garbage  to  the  boiling  point,  it  was  found  that  the  total 
amount  of  heat  required  was  82,173  B.  T.  U. 

As  one  pound  of  dry  garbage  gives  4,522  B.  T.  U.,  the  22  pounds  of  dry 
garbage  would  generate  99,484  B.  T.  IT.,  and  Prof.  Sommer  therefore  con- 
cludes that  theoretically  the  wet  garbage,  after  the  free  moisture  has  been 
removed  by  its  own  pressure,  should  burn  itself  without  the  addition  of  coal. 

In  practice,  of  course,  there  would  be  some  other  losses,  but  this 
analysis  verifies  conclusions  elsewhere  reached,  that  under  proper  manage- 
ment and  in  proper  furnaces  there  should  be  no  difficulty  in  burning  the 
garbage  alone  without  fuel  for  much  of  the  year. 

We  also  conclude  from  the  analysis  that  there  is  barely  enough  grease 
in  the  garbage  to  make  a reduction  system  profitable. 

COLLECTION  AND  HAULING. 

Summer  collection  in  the  downtown  hotels  and  restaurant  district  aver- 
ages about  twice  a week.  In  some  places  in  the  downtown  district,  collec- 
tions are  made  every  day  except  Sunday,  and  in  other  places  three  or  four 
times  a week.  In  the  strictly  residence  district  of  the  well-to-do  classes, 
where  the  garbage  is  greater  in  quantity,  the  average  collection  is  once  every 
five  or  six  days.  In  the  residence  district  of  the  “working”  and  poorer 
classes,  where  the  garbage  is  much  less  in  quantity,  the  collection  is  made 
once  a week.  Occasionally  it  has  been  found  necessary,  when  the  garbage 
was  lig’ht,  to  shut  down  the  collection  for  a day  so  that  repairs  to  the  furn- 
aces could  be  made. 

Winter  collection  in  the  downtown  hotel  and  restaurant  district  aver- 
ages twice  a week.  In  the  residence  districts  of  the  well-to-do  class,  it  is 
made  once  a week,  and  in  the  residence  districts  of  the  “working”  and  poorer 
classes,  is  made  on  an  average  of  from  eight  to  ten  days. 

Garbage  is  not  collected  on  Sundays  or  legal  holidays,  and  when  it  is 
not  vei'3r  heavy,  it  has  been  the  custom  in  winter  to  discontinue  collection 
for  an  additional  day.  This  practice  was  adopted  as  a substitute  for  the 
laying  off  of  men.  Instead  of  suspending  a certain  percentage  of  men  in 
the  winter  time,  it  has  been  the  practice  to  keep  them  all  employed  and  to 
work  only  five  days.  For  a short  period  in  the  winter  of  1906  they  worked 
exceptionally  only  four  days  in  the  week.  On  the  other  hand,  when  neces- 


160 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


sity  has  demanded,  collectors  have  been  required  to  work  on  holidays.  The 
records  show  that  from  June  1,  1906,  to  June  1,  1907,  garbage  was  collected 
on  275  days.  On  other  days,  a small  portion  of  the  men  have  been  employed, 
and  the  superintendent  estimates  that  this  would  amount  in  the  year  to 
about  five  days,  therefore  making  the  estimated  number  of  days  of  collec- 
tion 280. 

The  collectors  start  between  three  and  four  o’clock  in  the  morning, 
directly  from  their  homes,  and  take  first  load  to  the  hoist  at  the  foot  of 
Erie  street.  As  soon  as  this  load  is  delivered,  they  return  for  their  second 
load.  An  endeavor  is  made  to  have  all  the  men  with  loaded  wagons  off  the 
street  at  nine  o’clock.  But  this  rule  is  difficult  of  enforcement,  and  generally 
it  is  9 :45  before  the  last  wagon  arrives  at  the  hoist. 

Under  the  existing  law  the  men  are  paid  $3.00  for  a day  of  nine  hours. 
The  Health  Commissioner,  however,  is  given  authority,  if  he  chooses,  to  pay 
them  by  the  load,  provided  that  for  a day  of  nine  hours  they  would  receive  at 
least  $3.00.  They  are,  however,  at  present  working  under  the  first  arrange- 
ment. 

The  g'arbage  is  collected  in  wagons  which  have  a removable  box  that 
can  be  lifted  and  dumped  at  the  furnace.  On  Sept.  20,  1907,  there  were  270  of 
such  boxes  in  commission.  They  weigh  about  575  pounds,  cost  about  $50 
apiece,  and  are  disinfected  by  a coal  tar  product  called  “Sanitary  Fluid.” 
They  are  supposed  to  be  washed  out  by  hose  occasionally,  about  three  times 
a week,  but  it  is  admitted  that  they  should  be  washed  after  every  load  is 
dumped  if  the  conveniences  were  available. 

The  boxes  are  made  of  iron,  36  inches  wide,  21  inches  high,  6 feet  6 
inches  long  at  the  bottom,  and  9 feet  long  at  the  top.  They  are  furnished 
and  kept  in  repair  by  the  city,  but  the  horses  and  wagons  are  furnished  by 
the  collectors.  Besides  the  garbage  collecting  wagons  there  is  a special 
wagon  which  collects  small  animals,  and  brings  them  to  the  furnace.  Large 
animals  are  collected  by  the  rendering  establishments. 

DISPOSAL. 

As  already  stated  nearty  all  of  the  garbage  is  disposed  of  at  the  inciner- 
ating plant.  During  the  Avinter  it  is  inconvenient  on  account  of  the  ice 
and  roughness  of  the  river  to  transfer  it,  and  it  is  therefore  carted  out  to 
Avhat  is  known  as  the  Zillmer  farm,  at  Forty-third  and  Burleigh  streets, 
just  outside  of  the  northwestern  limits  of  the  city,  where  it  is  given  a shallow 
burial. 

The  city  has  agreed  with  August  Zillmer  to  permit  the  placing  of  gar- 
bage upon  his  farm,  and  pays  $150  a month  for  this  privilege,  provided  not 
over  100  loads  a day  are  dumped.  The  soil  is  plowed  or  dug  10  to  12  inches 
deep,  leaving  a ridge  on  the  side.  The  furrow  is  filled  with  garbage  and  the 
dirt  thrown  back  to  cover  it.  From  personal  inspection  I found  the  fol- 
lowing : 

After  six  months  very  little  decomposition  had  taken  place.  After  a year 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


161 


and  a half  much  of  the  garbage  had  disappeared.  Paper  and  all  easily 
decomposed  material  had  completely  rotted,  while  feathers,  orange  and  lemon 
peel  and  cheesecloth  had  hardly  undergone  any  change.  After  four  years 
the  garbage  had  entirely  disappeared.  There  was  evidence  of  rusty  iron, 
boxes,  crockery  and  indestructible  material,  but  there  remained  nothing  of 
a decomposible  nature. 

A few  loads  of  garbage,  amounting  to  100  in  the  year  1906,  were  de- 
livered to  farmers  at  the  cityVi  expense  and  used  chiefly  for  hog  feeding. 

According  to  Table  No.  4,  the  total  number  of  tons  disposed  of  by  crema- 
tion during  1906  was  35,245,  and  the  number  of  tons  buried  on  the  Zillmer 
farm  was  3,281.  The  expense  of  this  burial  was  about  47  cents  per  ton,  in- 
cluding rental  of  land,  labor  and  tools. 

The  incinerator  or  crematory,  as  it  is  usually  called  here,  is  located  on 
Jones  Island,  and  consists  of  a two-story  building  of  brick  and  steel,  and  of 
a brick  chimney  150  feet  high  and  with  an  inside  diameter  of  8 feet  above 
the  flue  entrances  to  6 feet  1 inch  at  the  top. 

The  furnaces  were  built  by  the  Engle  Sanitary  & Cremation  Co.,  of  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Robert  Robinson,  and  according  to 
modified  plans  of  the  Engle  type. 

The  unloading  of  the  boxes  containing  the  garbage,  after  being'  taken 
across  the  river,  is  accomplished  from  an  unloading  tower,  in  which  are 
horizontal  12-inch  “I”  beams  supported  by  trestle  bents.  From  these  beams, 
which  extend  as  runways  into  the  building  and  over  the  furnaces,  are  sus- 
pended the  trolley  carriages  carrying  a 3-ton  hoist  and  a cage  for  the  opera- 
tor, with  electric  motors  for  hoisting  and  traveling.  There  are  four  such 
runways  with  curves  and  switches,  so  that  one  carriage  can  take  a box  from 
any  part  of  the  scow  to  any  part  of  the  floor  near  to  or  over  the  furnaces. 

The  boxes  are  dumped  into  drying  pans,  each  of  the  size  of  a box  though 
a little  wider  and  shallower.  These  are  made  of  sheet  iron  and  perforated, 
to  allow  water  to  drain  out  into  an  iron  receptacle  and  then  through  a pipe 
into  a sewer.  This  receptacle  is  heated  by  the  hot  air  of  the  furnace  room 
beneath,  into  which  it  hangs  between  the  floor  beams. 

After  from  one  to  five  hours  the  garbage  is  generally  sufficiently  dry, 
the  pans  are  lifted  up  and  the  contents  dumped  into  whichever  furnace  is 
ready  to  receive  them.  In  the  mornings,  there  is  little  time  for  drying  with- 
out holding  back  the  work.  Garbage  is  therefore  held  in  the  pans  sometimes 
not  over  twenty  minutes. 

There  are  three  furnaces,  and  each  has  a burning  chamber  grate  with 
area  of  about  5 feet  6 inches  by  18  feet.  The  grates  are  made  of  blocks  of 
fire  bricks,  6%  inches  wide  and  8 inches  deep,  with  open  spaces  between  them, 
and  4 inches  in  width.  These  blocks  last  from  one  month  to  1 y2  years. 

In  addition  to  the  burning  chamber,  each  f urnace  has  a drying  chamber 
placed  a little  higher  and  with  solid  floor,  of  about  the  same  area.  Wet 
garbage  is  dumped  directly  upon  it,  while  dry  garbage  is  dumped  directly 
upon  the  grates.  Each  furnace  has  9 dump  holes,  four  of  which  are  over  the 


162 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


drying  chamber.  From  the  drying  chamber  the  garbage  was  intended  always 
to  be  pushed  upon  the  grate  for  burning,  but  generally  much  of  it  burns 
already  in  this  chamber. 

At  both  ends  of  the  furnace  are  fire  grates,  an  upper  and  a lower,  upon 
which  coal  is  burned  to  assist  in  the  combustion.  These  grates,  I was  in- 
formed, are  5 feet  4 inches  wide  and  5 feet  3 inches  deep.  The  lower  fire 
passes  under  the  garbage  grates ; thence  under  and  around  the  second  or 
upper  fire,  thence  over  the  garbage ; thence  down  a flue  into  a gas  burning 
fire,  and  finally  under  the  drying  chamber  to  the  chimney. 

The  clinker  and  ashes  from  the  garbage  and  coal  used  in  burning,  and 
which  are  thrown  out,  amount  to  about  90  barrel  loads  a day.  One  barrel 
of  ashes  weighs  about  180  pounds.  From  150  tons  of  garbage  the  ashes  are 
therefore  estimated  to  be  about  8 tons,  including  coal  ashes. 

Table  No.  7 contains  the  amount  chiefly  of  Hocking  Valley  lump  coal 
used  for  cremation  each  month  in  1906.  As  there  were  35,245  tons  of  garbage 
burned  at  the  crematory  in  1906,  and  as  the  total  coal  consumption  was 
5,628,825  pounds,  one  ton  of  garbage  required  160  pounds  of  coal  to  burn  it. 
The  average  cost  of  coal  per  ton  during  1906  was  $3.78.  It  varied  during  the 
year  from  $3.25  to  $4.75.  Therefore,  to  burn  one  ton  of  garbage  required 
an  expense  of  $0.19  for  coal  as  delivered  at  the  dock. 


TABLE  NO.  7. 

COAL  USED  FOR  EACH  MONTH  AT  THE  GARBAGE  CREMATORY  IN  1906. 


Month. 

Pounds. 

January  

144,450 

February  

329,700 

March  . . . . 

547,400 

April  

532,250 

May  

498,300 

June  

611,300 

July  

519,550 

August 

553,800 

September  

539,800 

October 

497,475 

November 

463,250 

December 

391,550 

Grand  total 


Quarterly 

Quarterly 

Total 

Tons. 

Total. 

1,021,550 

72.23 

164.85 

273.70 

510.78 

1,641,850 

266.13 

249.15 

305.65 

820.93 

1,613,150 

259.78 

276.90 

269.90 

806.58 

1,352,275 

248.73 

231.63 

195.78 

676.14 

5,628,825 

2,814.43 

An  electric  motor,  driven  by  electricity  obtained  from  the  sewage  pump- 
ing plant,  operates  a blower,  which  blows  air  into  the  space  above  the  fire. 
The  electric  light  is  also  obtained  from  the  neighboring  plant. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  to  utilize  the  large  amount  of  heat  generated 
by  the  furnaces. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


163 


No  complaints  seem  to  have  been  made  of  odors  emitted  from  the  stack, 
and  from  the  appearance  of  the  ashes  the  combustion  seems  to  be  complete, 
notwithstanding'  the  overworked  condition  of  the  furnaces.  No  stack  tem- 
peratures are  taken. 

Among'  the  satisfactory  features  of  the  present  crematory  are  the  hand- 
ling’ of  the  garbage  from  the  unloading  of  the  scow  to  the  delivery  into  the 
furnace,  and  the  drying  boxes  by  which  not  only  coal  is  saved,  but  the  gar- 
bage can  be  fed  at  will,  the  complete  destruction  of  the  offensive  mass  by 
thorough  burning,  and  the  absence  of  a nuisance. 

Among  the  faulty  features  are  chiefly  the  design  of  the  furnace,  which 
makes  economical  burning  impossible,  the  manner  of  introducing  the  air 
blast,  and  the  absence  of  a full  control  of  the  draft  at  all  times.  Besides, 
the  furnace  is  too  small  to  burn  the  garbage  during  the  height  of  the  season, 
and  there  exists  no  reserve  furnace  for  use  when  repairs  are  necessary  or 
other  relief  is  required. 

It  remains  to  be  said  that  the  principal  hotels  and  restaurants  dispose 
of  their  garbage  to  farmers,  and  it  is  said  they  receive  no  revenue  except 
two,  which  are  paid  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  month  from  the  farmers,  who,  how- 
ever, remove  free  of  cost,  besides  the  garbage,  also  the  rubbish  from  the 
hotels. 

Several  hotels  jointly  conducted  a piggery  outside  of  the  city,  but  the 
plan  was  abandoned  as  unprofitable.  A local  rendering  concern  now  collects 
grease  and  bones  from  the  principal  hotels  and  pays  a small  amount  for 
them. 

In  case  land  should  be  required  in  the  Menomonee  Valley  near  the  rail- 
road for  handling  garbage  or  other  refuse,  it  is  estimated  that  the  price 
would  be  from  $12,000  to  $15,000  per  acre. 

COST. 

Table  No.  8 contains  a statement  of  the  cost  of  handling  the  garbage  for 
every  month  in  the  year  1906  with  several  subdivisions,  namely,  collection, 
hoist,  plant  and  burial. 


TABLE  NO.  8. 


COST  OF  GARBAGE 

COLLECTION 

AND  DISPOSAL,  1906 

Month. 

Collection. 

"Hoist. 

Plant. 

Burial. 

Total. 

January  . . . 

$5,635.50 

$194.70 

$1,271.47 

$872.50 

$7,974.17 

February  . . . 

4,891.00 

194.90 

2,628.81 

553.80 

8,268.51 

March  

.5,404.50 

518.26 

5,514.69 

125.00 

11,562.45 

April  

5,097.75 

324.61 

4,432.01 

9,854.37 

May  

5,163.40 

296.80 

3,304.25 

8,764.45 

June  

5,804.49 

311.16 

4,467.94 

10,583.59 

July  

5,796.37 

312.01 

4,256.32 

10,364.70 

August 

6,273.37 

343.78 

4,182.09 

10,799.24 

September  . 

5,680.07 

355.25 

4,665.17 

10,700.49 

October  . . . . 

5,071.51 

243.95 

3,740.30 

9,055.76 

November  . . 

4,878.14 

308.83 

5,310.20 

10,497.17 

December  . . 

4,140.65 

327.09 

4,043.06 



8,510.80 

Total . 

...  $63,836.75 

$3,731.34 

$47,816.31 

$1,551.30 

$116,935.70 

Note — In  the  annual  statement,  a cash  credit  of  $7.50  is  shown,  reducing 
the  total  expense  to  $116,928.20. 


164 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  cost  of  collection  includes  the  salaries  of  the  superintendent,  time- 
keeper, collector  of  small  animals,  garbage  collectors,  telephone  service  and 
a very  few  small  incidental  expenses,  amounting  in  the  year  to  but  a few 
dollars. 

The  cost  of  the  hoist  includes  the  salaries  of  the  engineer,  scowmen  and 
hoistmen  that  are  employed  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street.  It  includes  also  the 
repair  of  scows,  tug  service,  repairs  and  supplies  for  the  hoist  engine,  and 
everything  pertaining  to  the  hoisting  of  the  garbage  to  the  scows  and  the 
transportation  across  the  river.  It  does  not  include  the  service  rendered  by 
the  city  fire  tugs  in  towing  the  scows  across  the  river,  as  no  charge  is  made 
therefor.  When  the  city  tugs  cannot  be  had,  private  tugs  are  employed,  and 
whatever  charge  is  made  is  included  in  the  expense  at  the  hoist. 

The  cost  of  the  plant  includes  the  operation  of  the  crematory  on  Jones 
Island,  and  includes  also  the  cost  of  the  garbage  boxes  and  their  repair.  No 
charge  is  made  for  the  electric  power  and  light  carried  to  the  garbage  plant 
from  the  sewage  pumping  station. 

The  cost  of  burial  for  1906  was  as  follows : 


Rent  of  land $300.00 

Pay  rolls 1,117.93 

Services  to  owner  of  land  removing  cans,  etc 125.00 

Hardware,  crowbars,  wedges,  etc 8.37 


$1,551.30 

To  ascertain  the  cost  of  hauling  per  ton  mile,  seventeen  collectors  were 
selected  on  Sept.  1,  out  of  the  ninety-five  employed,  representing  districts 
from  all  parts  of  the  city.  The  distance  each  one  traveled  was  carefully 
measured  on  the  map.  It  does  not  include  the  distance  from  the  collector’s 
home  to  the  point  where  he  started  to  collect,  nor  his  return  home  after  the 
garbage  was  delivered.  Nor  does  it  include  the  tour  made  while  he  is  filling 
his  wagon.  It  includes  merely  the  distance  from  the  center  of  his  collecting 
district  to  the  hoist,  his  return  for  his  second  collection,  and  the  delivery  of 
his  second  load. 

It  was  found  that  the  average  distance  traveled  by  each  collector  in 
one  day  as  above  outlined  was  7.2  miles.  One  load  equals  0.796  ton.  As  the 
average  day’s  work  for  each  collector  is  two  loads,  therefore  he  collects  in 
one  day  twice  0.796,  or  1.592  tons.  ^ 

In  1906  the  men  were  paid  $1.25  per  load,  and  it  cost  $2.50  for  each  col- 
lector to  travel  7.2  miles  and  collect  1.592  tons.  The  collection,  therefore,  cost 
$0.22  per  ton-mile. 

In  1907  the  pay  of  the  men  was  raised  from  $2.50  to  $3.00  for  one  day  or 
for  two  loads.  On  this  basis  the  cost  of  collecting*  per  ton-mile  is  $0.26. 

RUBBISH  AND  ASHES. 

Tables  Nos.  9,  10,  11,  12  and  13  give  sundry  data  concerning  the  quantity, 
collection  and  cost  of  rubbish  and  ashes  for  the  year  1906. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


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COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


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TONNAGE  OF  ASHES  COLLECTED.  1906/ 


168 


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TONNAGE  OF  RUBBISH  COLLECTED.  1906.* 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


169 


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NG  ASHES  AND  RUBBISH.  1906, 


170 


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1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


171 


The  data  upon  which  these  tables  have  been  prepared  were  based  on  240 
working-  days.  November,  December,  January,  February,  .March  and  April 
are  the  winter  months,  and  the  rest  of  the  year  comprises  the  summer 
months. 

The  wagons  for  hauling  ashes  and  rubbish  are  all  double  teams.  The 
city  hires  the  men  with  wagons  at  $4.00  a day  for  eight  hours’  work.  The 
city  owns  about  twenty  wagons. 

In  th  1 tables  the  quantities  are  reduced  to  loads  of  2.5  cubic  yards. 
Mixed  loads  of  ashes  and  rubbish  weigh  on  an  average  2,600  pounds  per  2.5 
cubic  yards.  Dry  manure  weighs  2,425  pounds  per  2.5  cubic  yards.  Clear 
ashes  weigh  3,025  pounds  per  2.5  cubic  yards.  Rubbish  weighs  1.625  pounds 
per  2.5  cubic  yards.  Mixed  ashes  and  rubbish  weigh  2,600  pounds  per  2.5 
cubic  yards. 

The  average  hauls  recorded  are  from  the  center  of  the  ward  where  col- 
lected to  the  dumping  place. 

The  collection  of  ashes  and  rubbish  is  quite  irregular,  depending  upon 
the  character  of  the  district.  In  the  business  and  good  residence  wards  col- 
lections are  made  every  two  or  three  weeks  in  winter  and  from  four  to  six 
weeks  in  summer.  In  labor  residence  districts  the  collections  are  every 
three  to  four  weeks  in  winter,  and  every  five  or  six  weeks  in  summer.  In 
summer  and  autumn  the  rubbish  includes  grass  from  lawn  mowing  and  fallen 
leaves. 

No  separation  is  usually  made  of  ashes  and  rubbish.  In  order  to  get  as 
fair  an  approximation  as  pracitable  of  the  separate  quantities  of  ashes  and 
rubbish,  the  drivers  were  carefully  questioned  as  to  the  general  proportion 
during  the  different  months  of  their  collections,  and  their  estimates  are  em- 
bodied in  Table  No.  9.  From  these  estimates  a separation  was  made,  and 
Tables  Nos.  11  and  12  were  prepared  therefrom.  While  the  totals  are  cor- 
rect, their  division  can  of  course  be  but  roughly  approximate. 

STREET  SWEEPINGS,  MANURE  AND  TRADE  REFUSE. 

There  are  approximately  forty  miles  of  streets  paved  with  asphalt, 
stone,  block,  brick  and  bitulithic  material,  which  are  daily  cleaned.  The 
average  sweepings  from  one  mile  of  street  on  each  day  are  estimated  to  be 
one  load  of  2.5  cubic  yards  weighing  1,100  pounds. 

The  cost  of  this  collection  from  the  center  of  the  ward  to  the  dumping 
place  is  about  $1.75  per  load. 

The  contents  of  the  catch  basins  are  also  taken  to  the  same  dump.  As 
these  contents  are  almost  wholly  mineral  matter,  there  should  be  no  serious 
objection  to  dumping  them  for  filling  purposes. 

From  the  east  sewerage  district  ten  loads  a day  are  removed  with  two 
teams ; from  the  south  sewerage  district  nine  loads  a day  are  removed  with 
three  teams  ; from  the  west  sewerage  district  eleven  loads  are  removed  a day 
with  four  teams.  A load  contains  about  2 cubic  yeards.  A team  with  three 
extra  men  costs  $10  a day. 


172 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Regarding  the  collection  of  manure,  the  following  data  may  he  given. 

Dry  manure  weighs  2,425  pounds  per  load  of  2.5  cubic  yards ; or  weighs 
970  pounds  per  cubic  yard,  which  includes  the  bedding.  No  manure  is 
shipped  from  the  hoist  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street.  Some  is  taken  to  the 
county  institutions  in  Wauwatosa  township.  The  rest  is  either  collected  by 
farmers  or  scattered  on  dumps  in  the  city. 

To  estimate  the  approximate  amount  of  stable  manure  in  Milwaukee  the 
following  data  are  recorded. 

The  total  number  of  horses  in  the  city,  as  estimated  from  the  tax  roll 
and  other  department  records,  is  12,446.  The  average  amount  of  manure  of 
six  horses  was  found  to  be  21.5  pounds  per  day.  The  above  number  of  horses, 
therefore,  should  deposit  a total  of  267,000  pounds  in  each  twenty-four  hours. 

It  is  estimated  that  about  one-third  of  the  manure  on  an  average  is  on 
the  streets  and  is  included  in  the  street  sweepings.  The  other  two-thirds  is 
deposited  in  stables  and  must  be  removed  together  with  the  bedding.  This 
is  equivalent  to  about  180  tons  a day,  which  must  be  taken  care  of  by  the 
stable  owners. 

During  the  summers  of  1906  and  1907,  the  Health  Department  arranged 
with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railroad  Co.  to  take  the  stable 
refuse  to  the  county  institutions  in  Wauwatosa  for  use  as  fertilizer.  The 
institutions  paid  the  freight  charges  of  $6  per  car  hauled  about  four  miles. 

During  the  summer  of  1907,  six  cars  per  month  were  shipped.  The  total 
amount  of  stable  refuse  delivered  by  these  cars  was  620  tons. 

Trade  refuse,  including  stable  manure,  should  not  be  collected  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  city.  It  is  quite  proper,  however,  that  the  city  should  control  the 
collection  and  destruction  of  all  unsanitary  trade  refuse.  No  special  esti- 
mate has  been  made  of  its  total  quantity. 


OUTLINE  OF  PROJECTS. 

The  data  which  have  been  given  above  must  form  the  foundation  upon 
which  any  system  of  a sanitary  and  economical  refuse  disposal  is  based. 

The  most  important  parts  of  the  refuse  which  requireesious  consideration 
are  : First,  the  garbage,  because  if  left  to  itself  it  soon  becomes  putrid  and 
offensive;  secondly,  the  rubbish,  because,  owing  to  its  origin,  it  is  the  most 
likely  part  of  the  refuse  to  harbor  the  worst  dangers  to  health,  such  as  the 
bedding,  soiled  clothing,  dust  and  old  furniture  discarded  from  sickrooms; 
and,  thirdly,  the  stable  manure. 

On  account  of  the  rubbish  and  stable  manure  not  generally  becoming 
offensive  to  the  nostrils,  their  disposal  by  dumping  on  low  grounds  is  still 
practiced  quite  largely.  The  opinion  is  rapidly  growing,  however,  that  this 
dumping  should  be  abandoned  for  a better  disposal. 

Garbage  being  the  most  offensive  material,  its  proper  disposition  started 
the  present  methods  of  final  refuse  disposal  in  our  country.  From  England 
we  learned  that  it  could  be  burned.  Furnaces  were  therefore  introduced  into 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


173 


America,  but  were  generally  confined  to  the  destruction  of  garbage  alone, 
while  in  England  garbage  was  combined  with  other  refuse.  When  it  was 
later  realized  that  garbage  contained  a large  percentage  of  grease,  plants 
for  extracting  it  were  introduced  as  a private  business  venture,  and  the 
process  was  and  is  still  quite  successfully  used. 

Today  we  are  confronted  with  these  two  methods  of  garbage  disposal, 
each  of  which  has  merits.  We  are  also  confronted  with  a growing  necessity 
for  disposing  of  the  more  objectionable  of  the  other  classes  of  city  refuse. 

It  is,  therefore,  desirable  now  to  reconsider  the  entire  question  of  the  dis- 
posal of  all  refuse,  first,  from  a sanitary  viewpoint,  and,  secondly,  from  a 
financial  one. 

If  garbage  is  disposed  of  by  reduction,  the  works  must  be  so  located 
that  no  nuisances  are  caused.  It  has  been  found  that  the  most  satisfactory 
way  to  secure  this  condition  is  to  place  the  works  outside  of  the  cities.  The 
best  final  disposal  of  the  remaining  objectionable  refuse  is  accomplished  by 
burning.  As  incineration  can  be  so  operated  that  no  offense  is  created, 
works  may  therefore  be  located  within  the  cities,  as  your  present 
works  and  numerous  works  in  European  cities  have  demonstrated.  There- 
fore, we  have  a first  project,  of  reducing  garbage  and  incinerating  the 
other  refuse. 

If  garbage  as  well  as  the  other  refuse  is  disposed  of  by  incineration, 
then  a joint  plant  for  both  purposes  becomes  feasible.  It  can  be  located 
within  the  city  limits,  as,  with  careful  managment,  there  is  no  reason  to 
expect  a nuisance.  This  is  proven  in  many  cities  and  in  your  own,  where 
garbage,  the  most  odorous  of  refuse,  is  now  burned  without  a nuisance. 
This  arrangement  outlines  a second  project,  and  both  will  be  considered  in 
detail  below. 

There  appears  to  be  no  better  location  outside  of  the  city  at  which  to 
operate  a reduction  plant  than  at  Mequon,  where  such  a plant  has  already 
existed.  It  is  distant  from  closely  inhabited  places  and  near  both  a rail- 
road and  the  lake.  It  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  the  habor,  and  presum- 
ably there  would  be  less  objection  to  this  location  than  to  others,  although 
others  are  available.  I shall  assume  a site  equally  distant  and  equally  con- 
venient of  access,  but  in  the  following  discussion  refer  to  the  Mequon  site. 

For  burning  the  other  refuse  that  requires  destruction,  there  would  be 
available  the  present  crematory  or  a site  for  a new  one  to  be  built  at  the 
foot  of  Erie  street.  The  objections  to  the  present  site,  as  stated  by  the 
Health  Department,  would  apply  equally  to  the  case  should  other  refuse 
than  garbage  be  there  destroyed.  As  the  present  furnaces  are  not  economi- 
cal, it  is  preferable  to  erect  new  ones.  The  property  owned  by  the  city  at 
the  foot  of  Erie  street  is  the  best  available  site  for  a new  plant. 

If  garbage  is  to  be  incinerated,  together  with  other  refuse,  this  same 
location  is  the  best  available  one  and  will  be  considered  so  below. 

In  the  following  pages  there  will  therefore  be  discussed : Reduction 
works  at  Mequon  and  Incineration  works  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street. 


174 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


It  has  been  said  above  that  the  collection  of  the  refuse  formed  an  in- 
tregal  part  of  the  projects  in  order  to  ascertain  their  relative  economies. 
It  is  consequently  necessary  to  consider  first  the  question  of  collection,  for 
both  Mequon  and  foot  of  Erie  street  as  the  terminal  points,  then,  the  two 
methods  of  disposal,  and  finally  the  conclusions  will  be  drawn  regarding 
the  relative  merits  of  both  projects. 

COLLECTION  OF  REFUSE. 

A delivery  of  the  garbage  to  Mequon  means  that  there  must  be  first  a 
collection  by  wagon  and  then  a delivery  to  points  where  it  can  be  trans- 
ferred to  cars  or  boats  for  shipment  by  rail  or  water  to  Mequon. 

There  appears  to  be  no  nearer  or  better  place  for  transfer  than  near 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  or,  in  other  words,  near  the  point  where  an  incinera- 
tor would  be  located  to  dispose  of  the  remaining  refuse.  It  is  therefore 
within  reason  to  assume  that  all  of  the  city’s  refuse  requiring  treatment 
would  have  to  be  delivered  to  a point  near  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  that 
the  kind  of  treament  would  not  affect  the  cost  of  collection  to  this  point. 

But  if  the  garbage  alone  must  be  taken  to  Mequon,  it  is  necessary  to  add 
to  the  cost  of  this  method  of  disposal  the  further  expense  of  carrying  it 
there,  as  it  would  be  necessary  to  reload  it  and  transport  it  by  rail  or  water. 

Water  transportation  will  be  cheaper,  and  this  was  the  way  in  which  the 
garbage  was  formerly  delivered  to  those  works.  But  it  will  be  remembered 
that  in  stormy  weather  and  when  ice  interfered,  there  were  serious  delays, 
sometimes  for  days,  and  sometimes  the  garbage  did  not  reach  the  works. 

A proper  sj^stem  of  collection  should  not  be  subject  to  such  inevitable 
failures  in  a large  modern  city,  and  it  is  my  opinion  that  water  transporta- 
tion should  not  be  seriously  considered  as  the  only  method  of  delivery. 

The  officers  of  the  Chicago  & Northwestern  Railroad  and  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railroad,  on  being  asked  for  rates  to  deliver  garbage 
by  rail,  refused  to  give  such  rates,  believing  that  it  would  not  be  to  the 
interest  of  the  roads  to  eng’age  in  this  business.  It  would  require  a sufficient 
space  for  siding  in  the  city,  and  special  cars  devoted  to  the  service.  As  the 
garbage  would  have  to  be  promptly  collected,  delivered  and  the  cars  returned, 
it  was  clear  that  a special  train  service  for  this  work  would  be  required. 

Garbage  is  taken  by  rail  to  reduction  works  in  other  cities,  and  taking 
into  consideration  the  greater  difficulties  in  Milwaukee,  due  to  limited  space 
for  sidings  and  reloading  and  uphill  gradients  to  plant,  I have  used  the 
available  information  in  estimating  the  cost  of  the  service  at  60  cents  per  ton 
of  garbage,  including  the  return  of  the  empty  boxes.  In  addition  hereto 
there  should  be  a charge  of  10  cents  per  ton  for  reloading  and  care  of  station. 
In  short,  there  is  a charge  to  be  placed  against  the  delivery  to  a reduction 
plant  of  70  cents  per  ton,  above  the  cost  of  delivery  to  an  incineration  plant. 

A few  other  matters  may  be  discussed  under  the  present  heading. 

As  already  stated,  domestic  ashes  usually  contain  a large  percentage  of 
unburnt  coal  and  cinders.  In  England  it  was  found  economical  to  mix  ashes 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


176 


with  garbage  and  thereby  make  use  of  the  fuel  value,  when  burned  under  the 
high  temperature  required  for  the  destruction  of  offensive  organic  matter. 

If  coal  is  worth  $3.75  per  ton,  then,  as  the  amount  of  coal  in  domestic 
ashes  can  be  safely  taken  as  20  per  cent,  of  the  whole,  the  fuel  value  of  a 
ton  of  ashes  in  an  incinerator  which  is  kept  at  a temperature  of  at  least  1,200 
degrees  F.,  when  all  coal  would  be  consumed,  is  worth  $0.75.  If  we  reckon 
the  expense  of  hauling  at  25  cents  per  ton-mile,  it  would  pay  to  haul  such 
ashes  three  miles.  If  we  further  consider  that  they  would  in  any  event  be 
hauled  on  the  average  about  two  miles  to  a suitable  dump,  and  that  the 
average  haul  from  the  built  up  part  of  the  city  to  the  foot  of  Erie  street  is 
not  over  two  miles,  we  can  conclude  that  the  fuel  value  of  ashes  would  justify 
a two  mile  haul.  On  the  other  hand,  there  is  a fill  value  to  ashes,  but  this  is 
maintained  after  complete  incineration.  And  there  is  the  expense  of  a larger 
g'rate  area  for  adding  ashes  to  the  incinerator,  which  must  also  be  considered 
in  the  cost  estimate. 

If  rubbish  is  burned,  then,  as  it  has  a calorific  value  in  American  cities 
of  about  one-fifth  that  of  coal,  and  if  coal  is  worth  $3.75  a ton,  we  can  value 
a ton  of  rubbish  also  at  $0.75,  and  it  will  pay  to  haul  it  as  far  as  the  ashes, 
if  it  were  not  a sanitary  requirement  to  destroy  it  by  fire  even  at  a greater 
cost. 

As  to  a separate  collection  of  the  different  classes  of  rubbish,  the  follow- 
ing can  be  said : 

If  reduction  of  garbage  is  practised,  naturally  the  garbage  must  be  kept 
separated,  as  is  now  done,  from  the  other  refuse.  If  incineration  is  practiced 
and  garbage  is  burned  with  other  refuse,  separation  is  not  customary,  and, 
at  first  glance,  seems  to  have  no  advantage.  In  my  opinion,  garbage  should 
nevertheless  continue  to  be  separately  collected  and  delivered.  In  the  first 
place,  your  present  collection  department,  the  wagons  and  boxes,  are 
arranged  for  the  seperation ; secondly,  as  garbage  should  at  some  seasons 
be  daily  collected,  while  the  other  refuse  can  be  collected  at  longer  intervals, 
there  is  an  advantage  in  limiting  the  more  frequent  service  to  the  single 
material  which  requires  rapid  delivery ; and,  thirdly,  there  is  the  advantage 
of  expelling  some  of  the  free  water  of  the  garbage,  according  to  Prof.  Som- 
mer about  9 per  cent.,  by  the  pressure  of  its  own  weight,  and  the  fourth 
advantage  of  evaporating  an  additional  amount  of  water  at  the  works,  as 
done  at  your  furnace  at  present,  in  a more  economical  manner,  than  if  gar- 
bage, rubbish  and  ashes  were  at  once  mixed.  In  the  latter  case,  the  water 
is  at  once  absorbed  and  only  slowly  evaporated,  perhaps  not  until  this  is 
done  by  the  fuel  contained  in  the  refuse,  which  should  be  utilized  rather 
for  maintaining  the  highest  practicable  degree  of  heat  in  the  furnace. 

If  stable  manure  is  to  be  burned,  there  is  no  reason,  other  than  local  con- 
venience, why  it  should  be  separately  delivered  or  mixed  with  garbage  or 
with  rubbish.  * 

Whether  rubbish  and  ashes  should  be  mixed  as  at  present,  or  separately 
collected,  depends  on  certain  conditions.  If  the  grate  areas  at  the  inci- 


176 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


nerator  are  sufficient  to  receive,  in  addition  to  garbage  and  rubbish,  also  the 
ashes,  it  will  unquestionably  pay  to  utilize  the  heat  value  of  the  ashes,  and 
a separation  of  rubbish  and  ashes  would  not  be  necessary.  But  if  the  furn- 
aces at  the  present  time  cannot  be  built  large  enough  to  receive  also  the 
ashes,  and  as  clean  ashes  can  be  dumped  on  lots  without  sanitary  disadvan- 
tages, if  the  dust  nuisance  is  prevented,  then  it  would  be  necessary  to  have 
separate  ash  carts  and  rubbish  carts,  one  going  to  the  dump  and  another  to 
the  fire.  There  should  be  no  difficulty  in  making  such  a change. 

Whether  the  collection  is  of  garbage  or  of  other  refuse,  if  the  roads  are 
good  and  if  the  collection  is  mainly  down-hill,  as  in  Milwaukee,  it  will  be 
cheaper  to  have  double  teams  with  two  men  than  single  teams  with  one 
man.  The  tare  weight  of  a double  team  wagon  is  not  nearly  twice  that  of 
a single  team  wagon,  and  the  saving  of  weight  can  be  utilized  for  an  addi- 
tional amount  of  refuse  to  be  hauled  by  the  same  team.  There  is  further 
economy  in  the  fact  that  two  men  together  can  collect  more  rapidly  than 
two  men  singly. 

In  Chicago  the  garbage  boxes  are  of  a size  for  a double  team.  They  are 
12  feet  long,  4 feet  wide,  average  27  inches  high,  and  hold  over  4 cubic  yards, 
while  the  Milwaukee  boxes  hold  only  iy2  cubic  yards. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  in  this  city  that  the  collection  of  all 
classes  of  refuse  is  better  done  by  city  employes  than  by  contract.  There 
may  be  exceptional  conditions  where  this  is  not  so,  but  the  exclusive  custom 
in  Europe  and  the  experience  of  most  of  the  best  managed  public  works  in 
our  own  country  have  amply  indicated,  that  ordinarily,  where  a question  of 
nuisance  is  concerned  and  where  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  the  people 
is  first  considered,  the  contract  system  has  as  a rule  not  given  the  same 
degree  of  satisfaction  as  municipal  operation. 

In  1906  there  were  brought  to  the  foot  of  Erie  street  from  April  1 to 
Dec.  31,  31,069  tons  of  garbage  and  dead  animals,  at  a cost  of  $47,905.75. 
This  represents  a cost  per  ton  of  $1.54. 

In  1906  there  were  taken  to  various  dumps  in  the  city  117,404  tons  of 
ashes  and  rubbish,  at  a cost  of  $153,806.88.  This  represents  a cost  per  ton 
of  $1.31. 


DISPOSAL  OF  GARBAGE  BY  REDUCTION. 

On  November  28th,  1904,  the  Committee  on  Health  reported  to  your 
honorable  body  a resolution  authorizing  the  Commissioner  of  Health  to  de- 
liver to  the  C.  Turner  Co.  all  garbage  collected  in  the  city  free  on  board  cars 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railroad  Co.  for  five  months,  beginning 
December  1st. 

The  city  was  to  pay  the  C.  Turner  Co.  $1.00  per  ton  for  the  disposition 
of  the  garbage.  This  contract  went  into  effect  and  continued  for  five  months, 
but  the  company,  for  reasons  not  given,  failed  to  dispose  of  the  whole  of  the 
city’s  garbage,  taking  merely  a portion  from  the  downtown  districts. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


17? 


During-  a personal  interview  with  Mr.  F.  C.  Gross,  of  Muskeg-o  avenue, 
Milwaukee,  who  was  connected  with  the  Wisconsin  Rendering-  Co.,  which 
disposed  of  the  Milwaukee  garbage  from  1892  to  1897,  information  was 
secured  reg-arding  the  reduction  plant  at  Mequon  and  its  operation.  Mr. 
Gross  confirmed  information  obtained  elsewhere,  that  at  a garbage  reduc- 
tion plant  the  sale  of  grease  and  tankage  just  about  pays  for  the  running  oi 
the  plant,  including  fixed  charges,  and  that  whatever  profit  is  made  is  con- 
tained in  the  bonus  which  a city  usually  pays  a company  for  the  disposal. 

Mr.  H.  L.  Kreider  of  the  Plankinton  Packing  Co.,  has  stated  that  his 
company  would  consider  the  disposal  of  garbage  by  reduction  only  if  a suffi- 
cient bonus  were  paid  by  the  city. 

On  June  25th,  1906,  a resolution  was  passed  by  your  honorable  body  and 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Health,  regarding  a test  to  be  made  of  a 
method  of  turning  garbage  into  articles  of  commercial  value,  perfected  by- 
Mr.  H.  W.  Judell.  The  test  was  not  made,  and  a personal  interview  with 
Mr.  Judell  elicited  no  facts  which  proved  his  method  to  be  economical. 

On  February  18th,  1907,  a letter  was  sent  to  your  honorable  body  by 
Mr.  W.  A.  Boyd,  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Health,  proposing  to  enter 
into  a contract  for  ten  years  with  the  city  to  dispose  of  the  entire  garbage 
in  a sanitary  manner  for  $0.70  per  ton,  the  city  to  deliver  the  garbage  to  the 
plant,  which  it  was  proposed  to  erect  at  foot  of  Erie  street. 

On  March  4th,  1907,  a contract  was  offered  to  the  city  by  Mr.  William 
Linx,  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Health,  to  receive  and  remove  the 
garbage  of  the  city  for  ten  or  fifteen  years,  as  follows : At  four  points  in 
the  city  railroad  sidetracks  and  stations  were  to  be  furnished  by  the  city 
for  the  loading  and  unloading  of  garbag-e  boxes  to  be  delivered  by  the  city. 
The  specifications  proposed  to  locate  a reduction  plant  at  least  five  miles 
from  the  city,  to  operate  it  without  a nuisance,  and  to  charge  the  city  ah 
annual  sum  of  $35,000  for  ten  years  for  the  transportation  by  rail  and  sub- 
sequent reduction  of  the  garbage. 

If  the  average  daily  amount  of  garbage  collected  is  150  tons,  then  the 
price  paid  by  the  city  would  be  about  $0.75  per  ton,  including  railroad 
transportation  to  the  works,  and  the  total  cost  would  be  $112.50  per  day. 

While  the  establishment  of  four  collecting  stations  in  the  city  would 
undoubtedly  decrease  the  cost  of  collection,  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  addi- 
tional cost  for  stations,  sidings  and  supervision  would  not  almost  neutralize 
the  gain. 

If  the  cost  of  transportation  is  correctly  estimated  under  the  previous 
heading  at  $0.70  a don,  the  net  contribution  from  the  city  towards  the  profit 
at  the  reduction  works  would  be  $0.05  per  ton. 

It  is  proposed  to  turn  over  the  works  to  the  city  without  charge  after 
ten  years’  operation.  This  has  been  a customary  offer.  But  experience  has 
shown  that  the  machinery  of  reduction  works  is  not  worth  anything  after 
that  length  of  time  and  therefore  no  value  should  be  given  to  it  in  the  cost 
estimate. 


178 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  City  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  has  recently  decided  to  own  and  operate  a 
.reduction  plant  for  the  disposal  of  its  garbage  and  is  receiving  bids  for  the 
same.  The  buildings  are  to  be  erected  for  the  installation  of  machinery  to 
reduce  150  tons  in  twenty-four  hours,  but  the  present  equipment  within  the 
building  is  to  be  made  for  only  100  tons  in  twenty-four  hours.  The  cost  of 
these  works  is  estimated  at  $150,000,  excluding  land. 

The  City  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  is  the  only  city  where  a garbage  reduction 
plant  is  now  owned  and  operated  by  a municipality  and  where  a complete 
financial  account  of  the  operation  is  available. 

The  official  reports  of  the  city  give  the  following  information : The 

Edison  Reduction  Company,  which  was  operating  the  plant  until  December, 
1894,  gave  up  its  contract  with  the  city  because  the  expense  exceeded  the 
revenue  and  the  works  were  improperly  conducted. 

On  Jan.  1,  1905,  and  after  the  city  had  acquired  the  works,  the  Board  of 
Public  Service  assumed  their  operation  and  management.  The  plant  is 
located  at  Willow,  about  seven  miles  south  of  the  city.  About  100  tons  per 
day  are  reduced. 

The  financial  statement  of  June  30,  1907,  for  the  preceding  six  months, 
gives  the  following  data  : 

The  cost  of  the  plant  at  Willow  is  given  as  $146,855.  It  was  bought  at 
a low  price  and  could  not  be  rebuilt  for  this  sum  at  present  prices  of  labor 
and  material.  A low  cost  would  be  $150,000  for  100  tons  capacity. 

Income  and  Expense  for  Six  Months,  from  Jan.  1 to  June  30,  1907. 


Gross  income  from  sales,  inventory,  etc $66,988 

Expenses  for  labor,  materials,  taxes,  insurance,  etc $43,508 

Extraordinary  expenses,  including  10%  per  annum  for 

depreciation  of  machinery  and  equipment 4,147 

Interest  on  bond  issue  of  $146,855 3,671 

51,326 


The  net  semi-annual  profit  is -therefore $15,662 


No  allowance  is  made  for  the  cost  of  administration  at  the  Cleveland 
office,  nor  for  contingencies  or  profit. 

The  chief  products  sold  and  on  hand  for  six  months  were : 

1.225.290  pounds  grease,  at  $4.25  per  cwt. 

2,756.281  pounds  dry  tankage,  at  $7.85  per  ton. 

2,439,010  pounds  pressed  tankage  at  $2.47  per  ton. 

220  hides,  at  $4.65  each. 

The  price  of  grease  obtained  from  garbage  has  for  years  fluctuated 
around  3 cents  per  pound,  and  has  occasionally  dropped  to  nearly  2 cents 
per  pound.  Recently  it  has  risen  to  higher  fig’ures.  In  the  summer  of  1906 
the  quotations  were  3%  cents,  and  in  the  autumn  4%  cents.  In  the  winter, 
spring  and  summer  the  price  fluctuated  from  4%  to  5%  cents  per  pound.  As 
a ton  of  garbage  on  an  average  contains  3 per  cent  of  grease,  or  60  pounds, 
a ton  jnay  yield  at  present  prices  $3.00,  not  considering'  the  tankage  which 
might  yield  an  additional  dollar.  The  analysis  made  by  Prof.  Sommer  (see 
Appendix)  with  a water  percentage  of  78  per  cent,  shows  1.93  per  cent. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


179 


of  grease.  It  is  quite  possible  that  owing*  to  the  frugality  of  the  population 
of  the  city,  the  averag-e  percentag-e  of  grease  may  be  less  than  that  in  other 
larg'e  cities,  and  that  therefore  the  profit  derived  from  its  extraction  may 
not  be  as  great. 

Due  to  present  high  prices,  it  is  not  surprising*  that  a new  impetus  has 
been  g*iven  to  reduction  works  because  of  the  expected  profits.  With  a 
guarantee  that  such  prices  would  be  permanent,  it  would  be  proper  to  base 
recommendations  upon  the  same.  It  is  not  wise,  however,  for  a community 
to  base  so  large  an  investment  as  would  be  required  in  Milwaukee  upon  any 
but  conservative  figures.  It  does  not  appear  safe  from  the  evidence  to 
assume  a permanent  sale  of  grease  at  a higher  figure  than  4 cents,  nor  for 
the  dry  fertilizer  filler  at  a figure  above  $5.00  a ton.  and  other  receipts 
in  proportion.  Even  at  these  figures  there  is  no  guarantee  that  they  will  be 
permanent. 

Applied  to  the  Cleveland  figures,  and  considering  the  greater  cost  of 
the  plant  if  built  today,  and  allowing  for  administration  expenses,  we 
might  expect  a permanent  profit  of  perhaps  $6,000  for  six  months,  or  $12,000 
per  annum  from  116  tons  of  garbage  per  working  day.  For  150  tons  daily, 
the  profit  would  therefore  be  $15,517  per  annum,  or  $50.00  per  day,  or  33 
cents  per  ton.  As  the  daily  quantity  of  garbage  sometimes  has  reached  200 
tons  per  day,  there  would  be  required  at  the  outset  an  investment  of  at  least 
$225,000. 

It  should  be  realized  that  the  operation  of  a reduction  plant  means  the 
conduct  of  a fairly  intricate  mercantile  business,  not  only  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  several  articles  of  trade,  but  for  selling  them  in  the  best  markets  at 
the  highest  rates.  How  far  it  is  wise  for  a city  to  enter  permanently  into  a 
business  of  this  nature,  with  its  risks  and  uncertainties,  I shall  not  attempt 
to  answer. 

Regarding  the  location  of  a reduction  plant,  I am  strongly  of  the  opinion 
that  it  should  be  placed  outside  of  the  city.  There  is  no  city,  I believe,  where 
this  precaution  has  not  been  taken.  In  Boston  the  works  are  on  Spectacle 
Island  in  the  bay  ; in  New  York  they  are  on  Barren  Island  in  lower  New  York 
bay.  In  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Washington,  they  are  from  five  to 
fifteen  miles,  and  in  Buffalo  444  miles,  below  the  center  of  the  cities.  As  it 
is,  in  several  of  these  cities  complaints  are  made  of  an  occasional  nuisance. 

If  garbage  is  disposed  of  by  reduction,  only  a part  of  the  problem  of 
municipal  waste  disposal  is  solved.  Our  large  cities,  and  some  of  those  where 
reduction  plants  exist,  are  now  carefully  considering  this  broader  problem. 
In  some  there  is  a scarcity  of  dumping  ground,  in  others  a realization  of  the 
danger  to  public  health  of  promiscuously  dumping  chiefly  rubbish  and 
manure  within  the  limits,  irrespective  of  the  fact  that  the  latter  materials 
shrink  and  settle  50  per  cent,  and  offer  no  secure  foundation  for  building  or 
other  improvements. 

It  is  therefore  necessary  to  consider  in  connection  with  garbage  also  the 
proper  disposal  of  such  materials. 


180 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


A.  RUBBISH. 

There  is  no  better  way  of  disposing*  of  city  rubbish  than  by  fire.  It  is 
the  best  destroyer  of  disease  germs  and  filth  and  creates  a product  in  the 
form  of  heat  which  can  be  utilized  to  yield  a money  return  commensurate 
with  its  calorific  value. 

The  burning  of  rubbish  makes  a hot  fire  and  it  is  wholly  practicable, 
as  evidenced  at  a number  of  cities,  to  utilize  the  heat  for  the  production  of 
steam  and  electricity. 

It  is  also  possible,  as  done  in  New  York,  Buffalo  and  Boston,  to  pick 
over  the  rubbish  for  profit.  While  quite  a profit  is  made  therefrom,  it  is 
questionable  whether  it  is  worth  the  sanitary  risk.  I shall  make  no  estimate 
for  it. 

The  amount  of  rubbish  collected  in  1906  has  been  estimated  at  33,917 
tons.  It  is  quite  possible  that  this  estimate  is  too  high.  It  is  probable  that 
for  some  years  not  over  100  tons  per  day  would  be  delivered,  and  this  would 
be  at  a season  when  the  garbage  delivery  is  not  at  its  highest  mark. 

B.  MANURE. 

It  has  been  found  in  large  Eastern  cities,  where  the  distance  at  which 
manure  can  be  utilized  makes  delivery  expensive,  that  burning  is  not  only 
sanitary  but  also  economical.  While  it  is  desirable  in  Milwaukee  to  take 
the  manure  out  of  the  city  as  long  as  practicable,  it  will  be  well  to  provide 
means  for  burning  at  least  a small  amount  economically  delivered,  but  also 
to  demonstrate  the  exact  relative  cost  of  this  as  compared  with  other 
methods  of  disposal. 

It  is  also  well  to  provide  some  capacity  in  the  furnaces  for  burning  some 
of  the  most  combustible  street  sweepings  which  it  is  most  economical  to 
deliver  at  the  furnace. 


c.  ASHES. 

When  no  use  is  made  of  the  unburned  coal  contained  in  ashes  for  the 
destruction  of  garbage,  there  is  no  object  in  re-burning  the  same. 

A furnace  to  dispose  of  the  rubbish  and  some  manure  should  have  a 
capacity  at  the  present  time  of  at  least  100  tons  a day.  It  could  be  built  at 
the  foot  of  Erie  street,  where  the  material  is  best  delivered. 

An  incinerator  for  100  tons  daily  capacity  I have  estimated  to  cost 
$75,000.  I further  estimate  that  100  tons  of  rubbish  would  produce,  when 
converted  into  electricity,  200  k.  w.  hours.  A power  plant  to  produce  this 
power  would  cost  about  $14,000. 

A revenue  can  be  secured  from  electricity,  the  value  of  which  at  a low 
figure  may  be  estimated  at  1 cent  per  k.  w.  hour. 

The  clean  ashes  resulting  from  the  combustion  have  also  a value  as 
filling  material,  or  when  sifted  as  sand  or  for  other  purpose.  I shall 
estimate  their  value  at  25  cents  a ton. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


181 


Therefore  we  require  for  an  installation : 


Incinerator  $75,000 

Power  plant 14,000 


Total  cost $89,000 

Daily  cost — 

Interest  and  depreciation,  10  per  cent $28.71 

Incinerating  100  tons  at  45  cents 45.00 

Operating  power  plant 14.52 

$88.23 

Daily  revenue — 

200  k.  w.  h.  at  1 cent $48.00 

10  tons  ashes  at  $0.25 2.50 

$50.50 


Net  cost  per  day $37.73 

Net  cost  per  ton 0.38 


The  whole  cost  of  refuse  disposal,  if  the  reduction  system  of  garbage  is 
employed,  on  the  basis  of  a daily  amount  of  150  tons  of  garbage  and  100 
tons  of  rubbish,  etc.,  is  as  follows : 

Daily  delivery  of  garbage  to  Mequon.  150  tons  at  $0.70  per  ton $105.00 


Daily  incineration  of  rubbish,  etc.,  100  tons  at  $0.3773 37.73 

Total  cost.. $142.73 

Total  revenue 50.00 

Net  cost  per  day $92.73 

Net  cost  per  ton $0.37 


The  proposition  made  by  Mr.  W.  A.  Boyd  was  to  reduce  the  garbage  at 
the  foot  of  Erie  street  for  $0.70  per  ton,  the  city  to  deliver  the  garbage  and 
to  furnish  rent  free  the  location.  At  the  end  of  ten  years  the  works  were 
to  belong  to  the  city.  As  I am  satisfied  that  reduction  works  should  not  be 
located  within  the  city,  I should  add  to  this  price  the  cost  of  delivery  to  out- 
side of  the  city,  which  would  raise  the  cost  to  $1.40  per  ton,  or  to  a much 
higher  price  than  the  cost  based  on  the  Cleveland  experience,  which  is  $0.37. 

The  proposition  of  Mr.  William  Linx  was  $0.75  per  ton,  including  rail- 
road transportation  to  the  works.  Based  on  the  Cleveland  experience  the 
cost  is  still  about  double  the  figures  given  you  as  the  cost  for  such  a method 
of  treatment.  The  value  of  such  works  after  ten  years,  according  to  past 
experience,  would  be  almost  nothing. 

DISPOSAL  OF  GARBAGE  BY  INCINERATION. 

It  is  practicable  to  burn  the  garbage  as  well  as  the  remaining  refuse, 
and  as  all  the  refuse  can  be  incinerated  by  the  same  furnace  it  is  now  nec- 
essary to  outline  a plant  which  will  accomplish  this  result. 

The  best  location  is  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street.  It  is  the  most  central, 
most  easily  accessible  and  is  sufficiently  distant  from  residential  districts 
to  obviate  sentimental  objections.  Incinerators,  if  properly  designed  and 
operated,  should  give  no  reason  for  offense.  The  buildings  and  surrounding 
spaces  can  be  made  attractive  and  remove  suggestion  of  the  unpleasant 
materials. 


182 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  burning'  of  refuse  did  not  begin  to  meet  with  entire  satisfaction 
until  it  was  possible  to  maintain  steadily  a high  temperature  fire,  averaging 
1,500  degrees  F.,  by  which  two  important  objects  were  gained.  First,  the 
great  heat  destroyed  all  organic  matter  of  the  garbage  and  all  causes  for 
odors,  as  no  partially  burned  solids  or  gases  left  the  furnace.  Secondly,  the 
gTeat  heat  being  continuously  maintained,  there  was  a power  created  which 
could  be  utilized. 

From  the  examinations  that  have  been  made,  it  is  safe  to  guarantee  a 
pound  of  steam  per  pound  of  refuse  during  the  fruit  season,  when  the  degree 
of  moisture  in  the  refuse  is  greatest,  and  1%  pound  of  steam  per  pound  of 
refuse  in  the  winter,  when  the  discarded  coal  in  ashes  is  greatest. 

On  this  basis,  we  can  be  assured  of  a complete  combustion  and  a high 
temperature. 

The  practicability  of  utilizing  the  resulting  heat  has  been  amply  demon- 
strated by  experience  in  many  cities.  It  has  been  used  to  operate  the  plant, 
to  furnish  power  for  pumping,  for  repair  shops,  for  breaking  and  grinding 
clinkers,  and  chiefly  for  driving  dynamos  for  electric  lighting. 

At  the  present  time  a plant  capable  of  disposing  of  all  the  garbage,  most 
of  the  rubbish  and  ashes,  and  some  of  the  manure,  should  have  a capacity 
of  450  tons  per  day  and  be  operated  twenty-four  hours.  It  should  be  so 
arranged  that  the  heat  production  is  most  economically  achieved,  that  the 
garbage  may  be  relieved  of  its  surplus  moisture  before  it  is  thrown  upon  the 
fire  and  that  the  minimum  temperature  does  not  drop  below  1,200  degree  F. 
The  furnaces  should  have  forced  draft  and  the  air  should  be  taken  from 
within  the  building,  to  prevent  the  escape  of  dust  or  smoke  to  the  outside. 
There  should  be  storage  room  to  enable  the  refuse  to  be  fed,  of  such  kinds 
or  quantities  as  majr  be  required  at  any  time. 

An  estimate  of  cost  for  an  incinerator  capable  of  disposing  of  450  tons 


per  day  is  a$  follows : 

Furnaces  and  appurtances,  chimney,  flues,  electric  crane,  etc $197,000 

Buildings  and  grounds  60,000 

Power  plant  for  utilizing  steam 50,000 


$307,000 

Cost  per  day — ■' 

Operation,  450  tons  at  35c $157.50 

Cleaning  and  repairs  at  5c 22.50 

Engineer,  assistant  and  electrician... 20.00 

Interest  and  depreciation,  10%  for  310  days 99.03 


Total $299.03 

Revenue  per  day — 

1,000  electric  K.  W.  hours  at  lc $240.00 

50  tons  of  clinker  at  25c 12.50 

252.50 


Net  cost  per  day $46.53 

Net  cost  per  ton .10 


It  may  be  added,  that  the  cost  of  construction  is  believed  to  be  liberal. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


183 


The  estimate  for  operating  expenses  is  also  fair  and  based  on  experience 
elsewhere.  It  is  belie'ved  that  a rate  of  10  per  cent,  will  cover  both  interest 
and  depreciation  of  all  perishable  parts,  if  converted  annually  into  a renewal 
fund. 

The  estimate  of  1,000  K.  W.  per  hour  is  conservative,  if  the  electricity 
can  be  disposed  of  continuously  for  power  or  lighting,  to  do  which  should 
not  offer  great  difficulties  in  this  city. 

When  it  is  realized  that  refuse  such  as  Milwaukee  rejects  has  a calorific 
value  in  its  garbage,  rubbish  and  ashes  sufficient  to  maintain  in  a furnace 
an  average  temperature  exceeding  1,200  degrees,  without  the  continuous 
addition  of  coal,  it  cannot  be  questioned  that  the  value  of  such  heat  should 
be  utilized  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  the  cost  of  such  refuse  disposal. 

Prof.  Sommer  has  found  that  the  September  g*arbage,  after  the  free 
water  has  drained  away,  will  practically  burn  itself.  Tests  made  with  rub- 
bish burning  in  New  York  show  that  one  pound  will  evaporate  from  1.5  to 
3.5  pounds  of  water.  Average  ashes  in  eastern  cities  will  do  about  the  same. 

Tests  made  with  combined  garbage,  rubbish  and  ashes  in  similar  pro- 
portions to  those  obtaining  in  Milwaukee,  have  demonstrated  that  one  pound 
of  such  refuse  will  safely  evaporate  from  1 to  1%  pounds  of  water  on  the 
average. 

For  these  reasons,  it  is  now  endeavored  to  convert  the  heat  from  refuse 
incineration  to  useful  purposes. 

I have  added  an  estimate  for  the  sale  of  clinker  at  a fair  value.  As  it 
has  been  practicable  to  sell  products  of  a reduction  plant  in  our  country,  it 
has  been  practicable  in  England  to  find  good  markets  for  the  sale  of  furnace 
clinker.  I see  no  reason  why  it  should  not  be  the  case  here.  It  is  worth  at 
least  the  cost  of  material  for  filling,  which  is  25  cents  a ton. 

The  estimate  of  cost  provides  for  a plant  which  has  all  necessary  con- 
veniences for  handling  the  refuse,  from  the  unloading  of  the  carts  to  the 
loading  of  the  furnaces  and  the  ashes  between  the  furnaces  and  a storage 
place.  There  are  all  necessary  arrangements  for  cleaning  the  boxes,  lighting 
the  plant  and  furnishing  power  for  operating  the  various  devices  about  the 
works. 

If  it  should  not  be  deemed  financially  practicable  at  present  to  build  an 
incinerating  plant  for  disposing  of  450  tons  of  refuse  daily,  which  includes 
a large  proportion  of  ashes,  it  is  practicable  to  build  a plant  for  incinerat- 
ing chiefly  the  most  objectionable  refuse,  namely,  the  garbage,  rubbish  and 
some  manure,  which  plant  could  be  given  a capacity  of  300  tons  daily, 
although,  of  course,  there  would  be  no  objection  to  receiving  ashes  up  to 
the  limit  of  capacity  of  the  plant.  An  estimate  of  cost  for  such  a plant  is 
as  follows : 

Furnaces  and  appurtenances,  chimney,  flues,  electric 


crane,  etc : . . $124,000 

Buildings  and  grounds . 43,000 

Power  plant  33,000 


$200,000 


184 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Cost  per  day — 

Operation,  300  tons  at  45  cents  per  ton $135.00 

Cleaning-  and  repairs  at  5 cents 15.00 

Eng*ineer  and  electrician 15.00 

Interest  and  depreciation,  10%  for  310  days 64.51 

— $229.51 

Revenue — 

600  electric  k.  w.  hours  at  1 cent $144.00 

26  tons  ashes  at  25  cents 6.50 

$150.50 


Net  cost  per  day $79.01 

Net  cost  per  ton 0.26 


It  is  seen  that  the  net  cost  per  day  is  greater  with  the  smaller  plant, 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  operating  cost  is  higher,  because  is  may  be  neces- 
sary, in  the  absence  of  domestic  ashes,  to  add  some  coal  at  times  to  maintain 
the  required  high  temperature. 

By  gradually  increasing  the  number  of  furnaces  and  adding  domestic 
■ ashes,  the  net  cost  per  day  will  be  correspondingly  reduced  as  the  sale  of 
power  increases. 

It  should  be  added  that  any  patent  rights  which  may  attach  to  the  use 
of  any  of  the  better  incinerators,  generally  refer  only  to  some  details.  The 
above  estimates  of  cost  are  expected  to  include  their  value.  Any  fair  com- 
petitive bids  should  include  the  expense  of  any  royalties. 

It  may  be  added,  in  conclusion,  for  purposes  of  comparison,  that  the  cost 
.of  incinerating  garbage  alone  at  Jones  Island,  between  April  1 and  Dec.  31, 
.1906,  was  $1.30  per  ton,  indicating  a much  larger  cost  than  that  which  is 
required  according  to  the  above  estimates.  The  excessive  figure  at  Jones 
Island  is  due  chiefly  to  the  design  of  the  furnace,  to  the  use  of  a large 
quantity  of  coal  unnecessary  in  modern  incinerators,  and  to  the  escape  of  a 
large  amount  of  heat  without  utilization. 

RESUME  AND  RECOMMENDATIONS. 

A brief  recapitulation  of  the  foregoing  is  now  presented  and  followed  by 
my  recommendations  in  the  premises. 

You  have  asked  me  by  resolution  of  August  5th  to  recommend  a process 
of  garbage  disposal  that  would  be  appropriate  for  the  city. 

The  present  unsatisfactory  conditions  calling  for  a report  were  chiefly 
the  lack  of  sufficient  capacity  of  the  disposal  plant  and  the  present  large 
expense  of  operating  the  same  due  to  various  causes. 

For  reasons  of  public  economy  and  sanitation,  it  was  found  necessary  to 
include  in  the  inquiry  also  the  disposal  of  other  refuse,  particularly  the  rub- 
bish, which  from  a sanitary  point  of  view  is  often  of  greater  importance  than 
the  garbage. 

As  the  cost  of  disposal  systems  may  depend  largely  upon  the  cost  of  col- 
lection, it  was  necessary  to  include  also  the  subject  of  collection  and  its  cost. 

A careful  survey  was  made  of  the  conditions,  and  data  were  collected 
regarding  the  quantities  of  the  various  kinds  of  refuse  and  of  their  compo- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


185 


sitions.  It  was  found,  generally  speaking,  that  no  unusual  conditions  exist 
here  and  that  a proper  solution  of  your  problem  was  not  beset  with  any 
special  difficulties. 

An  account  of  experience  gained  elsewhere  was  given,  and  the  first  con- 
clusion reached  was  that  there  were  but  two  means  for  properly  disposing 
of  the  garbage  of  your  city,  one  b}^  means  of  reduction  and  the  other  by 
means  of  incineration. 

The  reduction  of  garbage  means  the  extraction  of  its  grease  and  the 
conversion  of  the  remaining  material  into  a filler  for  rich  fertilizers,  both  of 
which  products  command  a sale. 

The  incineration  of  garbage  means  its  burning  at  a high  temperature, 
by  which  all  offensiveness  is  removed,  and  clinker  with  thoroughly  burned 
ashes  result  from  the  combustion.  The  heat  evolved  is  utilized  for  the  pro- 
duction of  steam. 

It  was  concluded  from  the  fact  that  reduction  works  invariably  have 
been  offensive,  that  they  should  be  located  outside  of  the  city.  For  purposes 
of  cost  estimate,  the  location  was  assumed  to  be  where  such  works  had  prev- 
iously existed,  namely,  at  Mequon,  about  thirteen  miles  north  of  the  city. 

The  present  incinerator  or  crematory  is  located  on  Jones  Island,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  river.  So  far  as  offensiveness  is  concerned,  there  has  been 
no  complaint,  and  similar  furnaces  have  been  located  within  a number  of 
cities  without  giving  offense. 

Therefore,  it  was  deemed  proper  to  locate  a future  incinerating  plant  in 
the  city,  and  for  economical  reasons  it  was  located  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street 
on  property  now  owned  by  the  city,  at  a point  opposite  to  the  present  plant 
and  where  the  so-called  “hoist”  is  now  situated. 

The  locations  for  final  disposal  being  thus  fixed,  the  collection  question 
was  studied.  It  was  found  that  all  waste  material  or  refuse  was  most  econo- 
mically delivered  to  not  far  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  where  the  proposed 
incinerator  would  be  and  where  the  garbage  would  have  to  be  transferred 
and  shipped  to  Mequon.  It  was  first  concluded  that  shipment  by  water  would 
be  unsatisfactory  for  a large  number  of  days  in  the  year,  due  to  ice  and 
storms,  and  such  method  of  shipment  should  therefore  not  again  be  under- 
taken by  the  city  in  the  future.  Shipment  be  rail,  on  the  other  hand,  would 
be  quite  satisfactory  at  all  seasons,  and  it  was  estimated  that  on  account 
of  the  necessity  of  a special  service,  the  expense  thereof  would  be  about 
$0.70  per  ton,  including  the  transfer  at  a special  station.  This  expense  should 
be  charged  against  the  reduction  process. 

The  importance  of  a proper  disposition  of  rubbish,  and  of  a part  of  the 
street  sweepings  and  stable  manure,  particularly  during  summer  months, 
is  growing  in  our  cities.  In  a large  number  of  them  it  has  already  called  for 
solutions,  and  it  should  be  considered  also  here.  There  is  no  better,  safer 
and  more  economical  disposal  of  such  refuse,  in  case  it  cannot  be  delivered 
to  farms  or  safely  dumped,  than  by  destroying  it  by  fire  in  an  incinerator. 


186 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


If  the  garbage  is  reduced  at  Mequon,  the  remaining  refuse  is  therefore 
best  incinerated  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street  and  would  require  a plant  to  be 
built  for  this  purpose. 

If  the  garbage  is  burned  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street,  then  a plant  is 
required  to  incinerate  all  of  the  city’s  refuse  by  the  same  furnaces. 

From  the  above,  it  is  therefore  seen  that  two  projects  are  available : 
First,  the  reduction  of  garbage  at  Mequon  and  the  incineration  of  other 
refuse  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street.  Secondly,  incineration  of  all  refuse  at  the 
foot  of  Erie  street.  Both  projects  should  give  satisfaction,  and  both  would 
be  in  line  with  future  necessities  and  provide  a sanitary  solution  of  the 
refuse  disposal  problem  of  your  city.  It  remains,  therefore,  that  their  rela- 
tive preference  should  be  determined  by  their  cost. 

For  the  purpose  of  such  cost  estimates,  I have  assumed  an  average  daily 
.quantity  of  garbage  of  150  tons.  I have  further  assumed,  in  the  case  of  a 
reduction  plant,  that  an  incinerator  would  be  required  for  the  disposal  of 
100  tons  of  rubbish,  manure,  etc.  For  the  incineration  of  garbage  at  Erie 
street,  I have  estimated  the  cost  of  two  plants,  one  to  burn  450  tons,  con- 
sisting of  150  tons  of  garbage,  the  remainder  being  chiefly  rubbish,  manure 
and  domestic  ashes,  and  the  other  to  burn  300  tons,  of  which  150  are  garbage 
and  150  rubbish,  etc.  A comparison  of  these  several  outlays  will  indicate 
their  relative  economy. 


A.  REDUCTION  OF  GARBAGE. 


1.  Plant  at  Mequon  for  garbage  : 

Average  150  tons  daily— 

Cost  of  works $225,000.00 

Daily  cost  (310)  : 

Delivery  from  city  to  Mequon $105.00 

Net  revenue  from  sales 50.00 

Net  cost  per  day 55.00 

Net  cost  per  ton 37 


2.  Plant  at  foot  of  Erie  street  for  rubbish  etc. : 
Average  100  tons  daily — 

Cost  of  works 

Daily  cost  (310)  : 

Incinerator,  power  plant,  interest  and  de- 


preciation   $88.23 

Net  revenue  from  sales 50. 5Q 


89,000.00 


Net  cost  per  day 37.73 

Net  cost  per  ton *38 


3.  Both  plants  for  250  tons  of  refuse : 

Cost  of  works $314,000.00 

Net  cost  per  day  of  reducing  150  tons $55.00 

Net  cost  per  day  of  incinerating  100  tons. . 37.73 


Total  net  cost  per  day 
Net  cost  per  ton 


92.73 

.37 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


187 


B.  INCINERATION  OF  GARBAGE. 

1.  Plant  at  foot  of  Erie  street: 

Average  450  tons  daily — 

Cost  of  works $307,000.00 

Paily  cost  (310)  : 

Incinerating’,  power  plant,  interest  and  de- 
preciation   $299.03 

Net  revenue  from  sales . . 272.50 


Net  cost  per  day $46.53 

Net  cost  per  ton .10 


2.  Average  300  tons  daily : 

Cos-t  of  works $200,000.00 

Paily  cost  (310)  : 

Incineration,  power  plant,  interest  and  de- 
preciation   $229.51 

Net  revenue  from  sales 150.50 


Net  cost  per  day 79.01 

Net  cost  per  ton ,26 


I have  estimated  revenues  in  all  cases.  At  reduction  works  there  are 
sales  chiefly  of  grease  and  fertilizer.  At  incinerating-  works  there  are  sales 
of  electricity  and  clinker,  the  latter  being’  small.  The  investment  costs  are 


as  follows : 

1.  Reduction  of  150  tons  of  garbage $225,000 

Incineration  of  100  tons  of  rubbish 89,000 

Total  for  250  tons  refuse $314,000 

2.  Incineration  of  all  refuse,  450  tons 307,000 

3.  Incineration  of  300  tons 200,000 

The  operation  costs,  including  interest  and  depreciation,  are  as  follows : 

Per  day.  Per  ton. 

1.  Reduction  of  150  tons  of  garbage $55.00  $0.37 

Incineration  of  100  tons  of  rubbish 37.73  .38 

Total  cost  for  250  tons  rubbish $92.73  $0.37 

2.  Incineration  of  all  refuse,  450  tons 47.53  .11 

3.  Incineration  of  300  tons  of  refuse 79.01  .26 


Prom  this  summary,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  reduction  project  is  the 
more  expensive  one.  It  costs  more  to  install  and  to  operate  than  incinera- 
tion works.  The  larg-er  of  the  two  incineration  works  is  cheaper  per  ton  of 
material  burned  than  the  smaller  one,  due  to  the  fact  that  practically  no 
ashes  would  be  hauled  to  the  latter  and  therefore  no  value  is  derived  from 
the  heating  power  of  the  unburned  coal  contained  therein,  which  is  found 
to  be  considerable,  but  which  could  be  utilized  as  the  area  of  grate  surface 
available  at  the  plant  would  be  increased. 

Certain  price  assumptions  that  I have  made  could  vary  within  reason- 
able bounds  without  changing  the  general  conclusion ; for  instance,  should 
the  freight  charge  to  Mequon  or  the  value  of  clinkers  have  been  slightly 
overestimated. 


188 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


In  view  of  the  facts  and  conclusions  set  forth  above,  it  is  my  opinion 
that  a plant  built  at  the  foot  of  Erie  street  for  the  incineration  of  garbage, 
together  with  all  other  objectionable  refuse,  will  not  only  be  a satisfactory 
solution  of  your  problem,  but  will  be  the  most  economical  one,  the  more  so 
as  the  works  are  increased  in  capacity  and  receive  besides  the  garbage  and 
rubbish  also  the  domestic  ashes. 

I recommend  as  a first  installment,  a plant  capable  of  incinerating  300 
tons  daily,  costing  $200,000,  and  that  suitable  provisions  be  made  for  adding 
extensions  from  time  to  time  as  they  may  be  needed  to  keep  pace  with  the 
city’s  growth. 

Respectfully  presented, 


RUDOLPH  HERING. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


189 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  GARBAGE  OF  THE  CITY  OF 
niLWAUKEE,  WIS  , U.  S.  A. 

By  Prof.  R.  E.  W.  Sommfr. 

Milwaukee,  Sept.  23,  1907. 

MODE  OF  COLLECTION. 

In  order  to  obtain  an  average  sample,  the  city  was  divided  into  five  dis- 
tricts, according  to  the  wealth  of  the  population.  It  was  ascertained  how 
many  team  loads  are  collected  during  the  same  length  of  time  (one  month) 
in  each  of  these  five  districts.  When  the  teams  arrived  Sept.  9,  1907,  there 
were  taken  as  many  unit  measnres  (garbage  cans)  of  the  garbage  of  each 
of  the  five  districts  as  the  district  had  teams  within  the  same  time.  The 
garbage  was  poured  upon  a sloping  hard  floor  and  well  mixed  with  a spade. 

In  order  to  determine  the  amount  of  liquid  which  is  pressed  out  by  the 
own  weight  of  the  garbage,  a weighted  quantity  of  the  mixed  garbage  was 
filled  into  a barrel  having  a double  perforated  bottom,  and  allowed  to  stand 
for  twenty-four  hours,  and  the  liquid  which  drained  off  was  weighed. 

The  larger  quantity  of  the  mixed  garbage  was  piled  up  and  quartered 
down,  just  as  miners  do  in  order  to  obtain  an  average  sample  of  ore. 

After  each  quartering,  the  garbage  was  comminuted  with  knives,  and  the 
quartering  and  comminution  continued  until  25  pounds  of  garbage  were 
obtained.  The  liquid  pressed  out  by  these  processes  ran  down  the  sloping 
floor  and  was  collected,  measured  and  each  time  calculated  in  the  right  pro- 
portion. 

The  remaining  25  pounds  of  mixed  comminuted  wet  garbage  were 
brought  to  the  chemical  laboratory.  Here  the  quartering  was  continued 
until  about  2 pounds  were  obtained. 

The  approximate  2 pounds  were  accurately  weighed  and  heated  on  a 
water  bath  for  some  days,  until  they  appeared  dry,  and  the  drying  process 
continued  in  a drying  oven  at  105  degrees  C.  until  constant  weight.  The 
loss  of  weig’ht  plus  the  weight  of  the  liquid  (proportionately  calculated  for 
2 pounds)  which  was  squeezed  out  by  the  process  of  comminution,  gave  the 
total  amount  of  water. 

The  dry  garbage  was  poured  in  an  iron  mortar  and  gave  a coarse,  brown- 
ish-black powder,  somewhat  resembling  ground  coffee.  The  chemical  an- 
alysis was  made  with  this  powder. 

The  analysis  of  the  wet  garbage  was  computed  from  the  analysis  of  the 
dry  garbage  and  the  total  water. 


190 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ANALYSIS  OF  DRY  GARBAGE. 


61.88  lbs. 
38.12  lbs. 


100.00  lbs. 


Grease  8.775  lbs.. 

Of  a brownish-black  color,  having’  a saponification  value  of  190. 

Nitrog-en  1.61  lbs. 

Glucose,  obtained  by  inversion  of  starch 12.50  lbs. 

Phosphoric  acid  (P205) 2.31  lbs. 


One  pound  of  dry  g-arbage  on  combustion  gives  4,522  British  thermal 
units  of  heat. 

ANALYSIS  OF  WET  GARBAGE. 

Total  water 

Dry  garbage 


Ash  

Combustibles  

Grease  

Nitrogen  

Glucose,  obtained  by  inversion  of  starch 
Phosphoric  acid  (P205)  

DETERMINATION  OF  FREE  MOISTURE. 

Time  for  determination,  24  hours. 

Height  of  pile  was  determined  by  placing  the  stated  weight  of  garbage 
in  a salt  barrel. 

The  following  are  the  results  of  the  tests  of  garbage  for  the  free  mois- 
ture, drawn  off  without  pressure,  except  its  own  weight : 

Sept.  17.  50  lbs.  garbage % pint  = %%,  height  8 inches. 

Sept.  18.  100  lbs.  garbage 7 % pints  = 7 %%,  height  16  inches. 

Sept.  19.  150  lbs.  garbage 14  pints  = 9 %%,  height  24  inches. 

Sept.  20.  200  lbs.  garbage 15  pints  ==  7%%,  height  32  inches. 

Hence,  the  maximum  quantity  of  water  which  the  garbage  can  press  out 
by  its  own  weight  is  9%  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  the  wet  garbage,  and  this 
pressure  is  reached  by  the  height  which  150  pounds  of  wet  garbage  occupies 
in  a barrel,  which  is  24  inches. 

A greater  height  of  the  garbage  presses  the  lower  portions  of  the 
garbage  too  much ; the  lower  portions  becoming  too  dense,  do  not  permit  the 
liquid  to  pass  through. 

As  the  total  quantity  of  water  in  100  pounds  of  garbage  is  78  pounds, 
68%  pounds  of  water  need  heat  for  evaporation. 

CALCULATION  OF  BRITISH  THERMAL  UNITS  TO  BE  ADDED  AS  COAL, 
IN  ORDER  TO  BURN  100  POUNDS  OF  WET  GARBAGE. 

Each  kilogram  of  water  requires  536.4  calories  for  evaporation. 

As  one  calory  equals  3.9694  British  Thermal  Units,  1 kilogram  of  water 
requires  for  evaporation  536.4X3.9694  B.  T.  U.,  or  2129.2  B.  T.  U. 


78  lbs. 

22  lbs. 


100  lbs. 

13.614  lbs. 
8.386  lbs. 
1.93  lbs. 
0.354  lbs. 
2.75  lbs 
0.508  lbs. 


Pounds  in  100  pounds  of  garbage  : 

Ash  

Combustibles  


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


191 


One  gram  of  water  therefore  requires  2.1292  B.  T.  U.  for  evaporation. 

As  1 pound  equals  454  grams,  1 pound  of  water  requires  454X2.1292  B.  T. 


U..  or  966.66  B.  T.  U.  for  evaporation. 

100  pounds  of  wet  garbage  contain,  according  to  analysis : 

Dry  garbage 22  lbs. 

Water  which  is  pressed  out  when  the  garbage  is  piled  up  24 

inches  high 9%  lbs. 


Water  which  the  garbage  cannot  press  out  by  its  own  weight.  . . . 68%  lbs. 

100  lbs. 

Hence,  68%  pounds  of  water  must  be  evaporated  by  heat.  As  1 jDound  of 
water  requires  966.66  B.  T.  U.  for  evaporation,  68%  pounds  require  for  evapo- 
ration 68%  X 966.66,  or  66,371  B.  T.  U. 

We  must  also  add  the  heat  required  for  heating  the  pressed  garbage 
from  the  average  temperature  (45  degrees  F.)  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee  to 
the  boiling  point  of  water  (212  degrees  F.),  and  this  was  made  as  follows: 

68%  pounds  of  water  when  heated  from  45  degrees  to  212  degrees  F. 
equal  167  degrees,  require  68%  X 167,  or  11,456  B.  T.  U. 

22  pounds  of  dry  garbage  when  heated  from  45  degrees  to  212  degrees  F. 
equal  167  degrees,  require  22X167X1.21,  or  4346  B.  T.  U. 

The  number  1.21  was  experimentally  determined  by  me.  It  represents 
the  B.  T.  U.  necessary  to  heat  a pound  of  dry  garbage  1 degree  Fahrenheit. 

Therefore,  the  total  amount  of  heat  required  for  heating  the  wet  gar- 
bage from  45  to  212  degrees  F.,  and  the  subsequent  evaporation  of  water  is 
66,371  plus  11,456  plus  4.346,  or  82,173  B.  T.  U. 

As  1 pound  of  dry  garbage  on  combustion  gives  4,522  B.  T.  U.,  the  22 
pounds  of  dry  garbage  contained  in  100  pounds  of  wet  garbage  would  gen- 
erate 22X4,522,  or  99,484  B.  T.  U. ; that  is,  the  heat  produced  by  the  combus- 
tion of  the  dry  garbage  contained  in  100  pounds  of  wet  garbage  is  far 
greater  than  the  heat  required  for  evaporation  of  the  water  and  the  pre- 
ceding heating  of  the  wet  garbage  from  45  degrees  to  212  degrees  F.,  or  in 
other  words : 

The  wet  garbage,  after  the  free  moisture  has  been  removed  by  its  own 
pressure,  should  burn  itself  without  the  addition  of  coal. 

Practically,  this  calculation  should  be  somewhat  modified  by  adding  also 
the  heat  required  for  heating  the  formed  ashes  and  the  heat  required  for 
heating  the  formed  combustion  gases  to  the  temperature  of  1,500  degrees  F. 
which  they  possess  when  they  pass  into  the  chimney,  but  this  calculation 
cannot  be  made  without  a chemical  analysis  of  the  chimney  gases. 

(Signed) 

R.  E.  W.  SOMMER. 


THIRTY-SECOND  ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


OMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


OF 


MILWAUKEE 


December  31st,  1908. 


MILWAUKEE 
CANNON  PRINTING  CO. 


THIRTY-SECOND  ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


OF 


MILWAUKEE 


December  31st,  1908. 


MILWAUKEE 
CANNON  PRINTING  CO. 
1909 


I INDEX. 


Page 

Health  Committee  . 3 

Officers  and  Employes 5 

Historical  8 

Commissioner’s  Report  9 

Report  of  Secretary 23 

Financial  Statement 31 

Vaccination  Report 35 

Report  of  Laboratories 37 

Bacteriological  44 

Chemical  52 

Report  of  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics 57 

Report  of  Chief  Inspector 121 

Report  of  Chief  Clerk 126 

Report  of  Hospital  No.  1 129 

R&port  of  Hospital  No.  2 133 

Report  of  Garbage  Cellection 137 

Report  of  Garbage  Cremation 140 

Report  of  Dead  Animals 141 

Secretary’s  Garbage  Summary 


143 


MAYOR 

DAVID  S.  ROSE. 


COMMITTEE  ON  HEALTH 

OF  THE 

connoN  council 

1908 


WILLIAM  F.  KANE, 

HENRY  S.  KLEIN, 

LEANDER  J.  PIERSON, 

AUGUST  E.  BRAUN, 


JACOB  RUMMEL. 


. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES 


OF  THE 

Health  Department  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee 

FOR  THE 

YEAR  ENDING  DECEflBER  31,  1908 


Commissioner  of  Health GERHARD  A.  BADING,  M.D. 

Secretary ALFRED  B.  CARGILL. 


OFFF1CE 

Medical  Assistants  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health. 

ARTHUR  J.  PATEK,  M.D., 

CHARLES  J.  COFFEY,  M.D., 

LOUIS  F.  JERMAIN,  M.D., 

JAMES  H.  HACKETT,  M.D. 


Other  physicians  are  specially  employed  from  time  to  time  as  vaccinators. 

Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics FRANK  E.  DARLING,  M.D. 

Chief  Clerk GEORGE  E.  ADAMS. 

License  and  Complaint  Clerk JAMES  A.  SKIBA. 

Registration  Clerk MISS  HENRIETTA  WINDFELDER. 

Stenographer  and  Clerk MISS  DAISIE  E.  ALLEN. 

Stenographer MISS  NELLIE  H.  TAYLOR. 


SANITARY  FORCE 

T.  H.  CURTIS.  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 
FERD.  MACK.  Jr.,  Disinfector. 

JOHN  DOLGE,  Messenger. 

MEAT  INSPECTORS 

DR.  H.  P.  CLUTE,  Chief. 

EDWARD  F.  ALLEE, 

PHILIP  STOCK, 

GEORGE  F.  ELSNER, 

EDWARD  ORTMANN. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES— Continued 


SANITARY  INSPECTORS 


JAMES  M.  CALLIGAN. 

EDWARD  SEAMAN, 

PETER  McHUGH, 

JOHN  MAHKORN, 

C.  FRED  KRUCKENBERG, 

EMIL  OLSEN, 

JOHN  J.  HOULEHEN, 

EDWIN  SCHUBERT, 

FELIX  MICHALAK, 


SIDNEY  G.  HARTWELL, 

OSCAR  KLEIN, 

JOSEPH  DERFUS, 

ALBERT  FUCHS, 

AUGUST  H.  BENGS. 


LABORATORY 


Bacteriologist GEORGE  C.  RUHLAND,  M.D. 

Chemist CHARLES  M.  SCHOEN,  M.D. 

Milk  Inspectors HARRY  KIEHL,  JAMES  F.  CUNNINGHAM, 


CHARLES  J.  STEFFEN,  JACOB  A.  SEIBERT. 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1 

18th  Ave.  and  Mitchell  St. 


Matron MISS  ELLEN  HUME. 

Janitor EDWARD  SCHEIDERER. 

Cook SARAH  HAEUSLER. 


Nurses,  servants  and  assistant  janitor  also  are  specially  employed  when 
needed  on  account  of  an  increased  number  of  patients. 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 

102=104  Seventh  St. 


Matron MISS  ADA  E.  STRAUB. 

Janitor  and  Ambulance  Driver JOHN  HEIDENREICH. 

Cook BURNADETTE  BROW  SKY. 

Nurses  and  servants  also  are  specially  employed  when  needed  on  account  of 
an  increased  number  of  patients. 

GARBAGE  CREMATORY 

Jones  Island 


Chief  Foreman JOSEPH  RODDY. 

Foremen.. JAMES  O’DONOVAN,  T.  J.  HANNAN. 

Electrician MILTON  ZAHN. 


OFFICERS  AND  EflPLOYES— Continued 


Blacksmith HENRY  DUELL. 

Blacksmith  Helper LOUIS  SCHIEFER. 

There  are  also  employed  5 cranemen,  6 firemen,  18  stokers,  13  floormen,  4 
scowmen,  1 painter,  1 utility  man.  Bricklayers,  laborers  and  others  are  em- 
ployed from  time  to  time  as  needed.  • 

GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION 


Foot  of  Erie  St. 

Superintendent 

WILLIAM  O’CONNOR. 

Time  Keeper 

EDWARD  PULLMAN. 

Engineer 

DAVID  GOGGINS. 

Chief  Scowman 

Hoistmen  and  Scowmen . . . 

DANIEL  CALVANO,  GEO.  KRAUSE. 

Collector  of  small  animals GUSTAV  MUELLER. 

There  are  also  employed  96  collectors  of  garbage.  This  number  varies  as 
the  season  necessitates. 


HISTORICAL 


April,  1877 : Dr.  I.  H.  Stearns  appointed  Health  Officer  for  term  of  one 

year.  Gen.  H.  C.  Hobart,  President  of  Board. 

Office  of  Health  Commissioner  created.  Term,  two  years. 

April,  1878:  Dr.  0.  W.  Wight  appointed  Health  Commissioner  for  term 

of  two  years. 

April,  1880:  Dr.  0.  W.  Wight  re-appointed  for  term  of  two  years.  Re- 

signed October,  1881. 

October,  1881 : Dr.  Robert  Martin  appointed  Health  Commissioner,  the 

term  of  office  having  been  extended  to  four  years.  This  appointment  was  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Dr.  Wight. 


April,  1882 
April,  1886 
April,  1890 
April,  1894 
April,  1898 
April,  1902 
April,  1906 


Dr.  Robert  Martin  re-appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  Robert  Martin  re-appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  U.  0.  B.  Wingate  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  Walter  Kempster  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz  re-appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  G.  A.  Bading,  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 


REPORT 


OF 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


I 


COMMISSIONER’S  REPORT 


To  the  Honorable , the  Mayor  and  the  Common  Council  of  the  City  of 

Milwaukee : 

Gentlemen — I have  the  honor  herewith  to  submit  for  your  con- 
sideration the  Annual  Report  of  the  Health  Department,  consisting  of 
the  following:  the  Report  and  Financial  Statement  of  the  Secretary; 
the  Report  of  the  Bacteriological  and  Chemical  Laboratories  and  Bureau 
of  Milk  and  Food  Inspection  ; the  Report  of  the  Registrar  of  Vital  Sta- 
tistics; the  Report  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  and  Chief  Clerk; 
the  Reports  of  Isolation  Hospitals  No.  1 and  No.  2,  and  the  Reports 
of  the  Garbage  Department  and  Complaint  Clerk  for  the  year  ending 
December  31,  1908,  being  the  Thirty-second  Annual  Report  of  the  De- 
partment. 

The  detailed  financial  statement  of  the  Secretary  again  shows  the 
result  of  an  economical  administration  of  the  funds  appropriated  for  the 
use  of  the  Department,  and  how,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the 
scope  of  our  work  has  been  widened  in  every  direction,  which  necessi- 
tated an  increase  in  the  force  of  the  Department  and  therefore  also  in- 
creased expenditures,  we  are  once  more  enabled  to  turn  back  into  the 
City  Treasury  a substantial  cash  balance,  amounting  this  year  to  the 
sum  of  $12,057.46.  Of  this  balance,  the  sum  of  $4,000.00  was  during 
the  month  cl  October  transferred  to  the  Street  and  Alley  fund  by  your 
Honorable  Body.  Altogether  the  financial  showing  is  an  excellent  one. 

By  analyzing  the  records  of  each  sub-department,  as  outlined  in  the 
statement,  it  will  be  seen  that  a greater  amount  of  work  has  been  accom- 
plished, while  expenditures  have  been  kept  down  to  a minimum  com- 
patible with  the  class  and  amount  of  work  performed.  In  short,  we  are 
receiving  a dollar’s  worth  for  every  dollar  expended.  By  pursuing  this 
policy,  which  is  merely  one  founded  on  strict  business  principles  and 
methods,  we  are  enabled  to  accomplish  the  results  as  shown  in  our 
report. 

Our  policy  has  always  been  to  keep  well  within  the  appropriation 
and  to  maintain  at  all  times  a leeway  of  from  3 to  5 per  cent,  with 
which  to  meet  emergencies,  such  as  are  liable  at  any  time  to  occur  in  the 
protection  of  public  health,  as,  for  instance,  an  epidemic  of  contagious 
disease,  as  occurred  in  1906,  when  the  maintenance  of  this  financial 


12 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


leeway  enabled  ns  to  meet  the  emergency  without  reverting  to  the  Com- 
mon Council  for  an  extra  appropriation. 

The  garbage  collection  service  during  the  course  of  the  year  was  as 
adequate  as  can  be  maintained  under  the  still  existing  condition  of 
inadequate  means  of  disposal  by  which  we  are  handicapped  Altogether 
there  were  collected  and  disposed  of  42,569  tons  of  garbage,  which  is  an 
increase  of  2,429  tons  over  the  amount  collected  and  disposed  of  during 
the  year  1907. 

A problem  which  reaches  greater  dimensions  every  year  is  that  of 
disposal  of  stable  refuse.  The  regulations  provide  that  each  individual 
stable  owner  must  make  arrangements  by  which  the  manure  is  properly 
collected  and  disposed  of.  The  practice  has  been  heretofore  for  stable 
owners  to  make  a contract  with  farmers  for  the  removal  of  the  refuse 
at  regular  intervals.  We  find,  however,  that  it  is  almost  impossible!  to 
persuade  farmers  to  remove  the  manure  during  the  summer  months, 
when  the  nuisance  arising  from  an  accumulation  is  greatest.  The  De- 
partment therefore  made  arrangements  with  the  county  authorities  and 
the  Chicago',  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  R,  R.  Co.  by  which  the  company 
maintains  freight  cars  at  a given  point  where  manure  may  be  delivered, 
and  carries  it  to  the  count}"  farms,  the  expense  being  borne  by  the 
county.  In  this  manner  a great  deal  of  assistance  has  been  rendered 
to  stable  owners  in  disposing  of  this  waste  material.  However,  the 
time  will  unquestionably  come  when  municipalities  will  be  obliged  to 
collect  and  dispose  of  this  material  also,  for  the  protection  of  public 
health,  as  it  is  the  manure  pile  which  constitutes  one  of  the  most 
prolific  sources  of  that  most  dangerous  of  all  insects,  the  house  fly,  or, 
more  properly  designated,  typhoid  fly.  The  city  being  equipped  with  a 
sufficient  number  of  refuse  destructors,  built  in  accordance  with  the 
Hering  plans,  will  enable  us  to  do  this. 

Great  progress  has  been  made  in  the  solution  of  our  waste  disposal 
problem,  and  while  the  progress  has  been  an  exceedingly  slow  one,  so 
slow  as  to  be  exasperating  at  times,  the  matter  has  advanced  beyond  the 
controversy  stage  and  the  city,  in  due  course  of  time,  will  be  benefitted 
bv  the  labors  of  Rudolph  Hering,  the  expert  engineer,  whose  plans  have 
been  finally  adopted.  By  adopting  these  plans  and  specifications,  the 
city  has  solved  the  entire  waste  disposal  problem  in  a manner  which 
places  us  in  the  front  rank  and  enables  us  to  take  the  lead  in  this  im- 
portant municipal  work,  which  at  the  present  time  is  engaging  the 
attention  of  the  authorities  of  nearly  every  large  city  in  this  country. 
The  engaging  of  the  firm  of  Hering  & Fuller  as  consulting  and  super- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


13 


vising  engineers  in  the  construction  of  the  new  plant  further  safeguards 
the  city’s  interests. 

Altogether,  the  entire  manner  in  which  this  subject  was  treated 
reflects  great  credit  on  our  city.  The  great  number  of  requests  for 
copies  of  the  report  of  investigation  of  the  subject,  and  also  for  copies  of 
the  specifications  for  the  plant,  coming  from  nearly  all  of  the  larger 
cities,  shows  clearly  that  Milwaukee  adopted  the  correct  method  of  solv- 
ing this  problem,  which  is  further  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  several 
cities  have  since  followed  in  onr  foot-steps,  notably  Boston  and  San 
Francisco. 

By  sanitarians  the  incineration  method  is  today  generally  recognized 
as  the  most  advanced  method  of  refuse  disposal.  There  can  be  no  ques- 
tion as  to  the  sanitary  features  of  a method  which  at  once  completely 
destroys  the  offensive,  and,  from  a point  of  health,  often  dangerous 
material  consisting  of  a city’s  waste,  particularly  that  portion  of  it 
consisting  of  ordinary  household  rubbish  and  street  sweepings,  which 
in  so  many  cities,  is  carted  to  a public  dumping  ground,  there  to  remain 
as  a distinct  nuisance  and  menace  to1  public  health.  Municipalities  are 
beginning  to  realize  that  a separate  system  of  disposal  of  the  various 
waste  materials  is  not  only  expensive  but  in  no  sense  satisfactory,  and 
no1  doubt  future  years  will  clearly  demonstrate  the  wisdom  of  complete 
destruction  of  all  municipal  refuse,  including  garbage,  rubbish,  street 
sweepings  and  manure. 

In  pursuance  of  our  policy  to  advocate  systematic  vaccination  of 
school  children,  we  again,  at  the  opening  of  the  school  season,  distributed 
slips  asking  consent  of  parents  to  have  their  children  vaccinated  bv 
physicians  representing  the  Health  Department,  throughout  all  of  the 
schools,  public  as  well  as  parochial.  In  this  manner  we  succeeded  in 
vaccinating  children  to  the  number  of  7,694.  This  number  is  com- 
paratively small,  which  is  due,  however,  to  the  fact  that  during  the  year 
1907  the  unprecedented  figure  of  11,428  was  enrolled  in  our  records, 
while  in  1906,  9618  were  vaccinated,  which  gives  us  a total  figure  of 
28,740  vaccinations  in  three  years  and  therefore  represents  a fairly  large 
percentage  of  our  school  children. 

While  there  still  exists  a considerable  amount  of  prejudice,  founded 
on  ignorance,  against  vaccination,  we  are  still  able  to  better  cope  with 
small-pox  situations  as  they  arise,  on  account  of  the  passage  of  the  new 
law  which  gives  us  the  power  to  exclude  from  school  any  and  all  non- 
vaccinated  persons  on  the  occurrence  of  a small-pox  case  in  a given 
school  district,  for  a period  of  25  days.  This  law  is  unquestionably  of 
great  assistance  to  us,  but  small-pox  will  never  be  entirely  eradicated 


li 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


unless  compulsory  vaccination  and  re- vaccination  is  established  by  law. 
Unfortunately,  our  legislative  bodies  seem  incapable  of  being  guided 
in  this  matter  by  the  experience  of  European  countries.  In  my  opinion, 
the  State  Board  of  Health  of  the  State  of  Minnesota  has  acted  entirely 
properly  in  removing  small-pox  from  the  list  of  quarantinable  diseases. 
There  is  no  valid  reason  why  a state  or  municipality  should  be  forced 
to  expend  thousands  of  dollars  every  year  in  maintaining  isolation 
hospitals  and  for  the  purpose  of  instituting  quarantine,  which  is,  after 
all.  merely  for  the  protection  of  that  class  of  people  who  refuse  to  sub- 
mit themselves  to  a measure  which  affords  them  absolute  protection 
against  the  disease,  namely,  vaccination. 

It  is  a source  of  pleasure  to  me  to  comment  on  the  work  performed 
in  the  Bureau  of  Milk  and  Food  Inspection.  During  the  course  of  the 
year  two  additional  milk  inspectors  were  appointed,  and  in  consequence 
we  have  been  enabled  to  institute  more  extended  inspection,  particularly 
of  dairy  farms  from  which  our  milk  supply  is  derived.  We  were  thus 
enabled  to  not  only  closely  observe  and  correct  conditions  existing  in 
the  city  amongst  retail  dealers,  but  had  the  inspectors  make  extended 
tours  throughout  the  country  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  farms 
from  which  our  milk  supply  is  derived.  While  in  instances  deplorable 
conditions  were  discovered,  on  the  whole  the  dairymen  seem  to  begin  to 
realize  the  importance  of  cleanliness  in  the  production  of  milk,  and 
were,  in  almost  all  instances,  ready  and  willing  to  cot-operate  with  the 
Department,  in  our  effort  to  improve  the  city’s  milk  supply.  In  a 
number  of  instances,  it  was  found  necessary  to  prohibit  the  shipping  of 
milk  into  the  city  because  of  the  unsanitary  condition  of  the  premises 
and  diseased  condition  of  the  cows. 

In  general,  farm  inspections  conclusively  demonstrate  the  necessity 
of  at  least  a yearly  examination  of  premises,  and  particularly  animals, 
by  competent  veterinarians,  and  the  application  of  the  tuberculin  test 
as  provided  for  by  our  new  milk  ordinance,  which  was  finally  passed 
after  a prolonged  struggle,  brought  about  by  the  opposition  of  local 
dealers  and  shippers,  who  fail  to  realize  the  importance  of  the  measure, 
not  only  from  a standpoint  of  public  health  but  as  an  economic  measure. 

Scientific  investigation  by  such  bodies  as  the  Royal  English  Com- 
mission of  England,  the  Imperial  Herman  Commission,  and  the  indi- 
vidual investigation  of  world-renowned  men,  such  as  Ravenel,  v.  Behring, 
Smith.  Spengler,  Park  and  others,  of  the  subject  of  the  transmissibility 
of  bovine  tuberculosis  to  human  beings,  demonstrate  the  danger,  partic- 
ularly to  children,  from  ingestion  of  milk  from  tubercular  cows,  the 
percentage  of  cases  being  found  to  be  considerably  higher  than  20  per 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


15 


cent.,  and  more  recent  investigation  points  ont  the  fact  that  that  figure 
underestimates  the  actual  condition.  It  is  my  firm  belief,  based  on  care- 
ful study  of  the  literature  on  the  subject,  that  the  greater  number  of 
cases  of  tuberculosis  amongst  children  is  due  to  ingestion  of  milk  from 
tubercular  cows;  that,  therefore,  regulations  providing  for  the  testing 
at  stated  intervals  of  all  dairy  animals  by  the  tuberculin  test  and  the 
elimination  of  reactors  from  a herd,  are  measures  of  such  importance 
that  sanitarians  and  health  authorities  are  remiss  in  their  duties  if  they 
do  not  insist  on  carrying  them  into  effect.  Fortunately,  our  Wisconsin 
Live  Stock  Sanitary  Board  has  for  years  carried  on  a campaign  for  the 
eradication  of  the  disease  in  the  herds  of  our  state,  so  that  the  estimated 
percentage  of  tubercular  animals  has  been  lowered  considerably  during 
the  last  ten  years  and  compares  very  favorably  with  that  of  other  states, 
the  last  figures  furnished  placing  it  at  about  9 per  cent. 

We  shall  carry  on  a vigorous  campaign  to  exclude  milk  from  non- 
tested  cattle  as  soon  as  the  ordinance  goes  into  effect,  which  will  be 
April  1,  1909.  a year’s  time  having  been  provided  in  which  dairymen 
may  arrange  to  comply  with  the  provision. 

Chemical  analyses  of  some  12,728  samples  of  milk  and  cream  show 
an  average  of  3.77  per  cent,  of  butter  fat  for  milk  and  21.09  per  cent, 
for  cream,  the  law  providing  a percentage  of  3 per  cent,  and  18  per 
cent,  respectively.  The  usual  number  of  prosecutions  were  carried  on 
during  the  course  of  the  year  for  violation  of  the  ordinance,  the  cause 
in  almost  every  instance  being  either  the  addition  of  water  to  the  milk 
or  the  sale  of  milk  below  the  legal  standard. 

In  accordance  with  my  custom  of  previous  years,  a certain  number 
of  licenses  were  revoked,  but  in  one  instance  the  milk  dealer  secured  a 
writ  of  certiorari  to  bring  up  for  review  all  proceedings  in  the  matter 
and  a stay  of  proceedings  pending  a hearing.  The  judge  who  issued 
this  writ  held  that  the  Commissioner  of  Health  had  no  power  to  revoke 
licenses  and  the  case  was  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court. 

In  another  instance  mandamus  proceedings  were  brought  by  a 
dealer  to  whom  a license  had  been  refused,  to  compel  the  Commissioner 
of  Health  to  issue  such  license.  In  this  instance  the  court  held  that 
the  Commissioner  of  Health  had  the  power  under  the  law  to  refuse  to 
issue  a license.  Both  cases  have  been  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court. 
A decision  by  that  body  will  no  doubt  settle  all  similar  controversies  that 
may  arise  in  the  future. 

In  all  of  my  annual  reports  I have  called  attention  to  the  condition 
of  our  water  supply  and  our  reprehensible  custom  of  polluting  its 
source  (Lake  Michigan)  by  discharging  into  it  the  entire  sewage  of  the 


16 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


city,  either  directly  or  indirectly.  The  opening  of  our  new  Kiimickinnic 
flushing  tunnel  has  certainly  not  improved  the  water  for  drinking  pur- 
poses, adding  as  it  does  by  a number  of  million  gallons  to  the  already 
large  amount  of  sewage  which  is  thrown  into  the  lake  every  24  hours. 
The  time  has  approached  when  we,  with  all  other  lake  cities,  must  look 
for  means  of  purification  of  our  drinking  water.  With  that  end  in  view, 
during  the  early  part  of  the  year  an  organization  was  perfected  known 
as  the  Lake  Michigan  Water  Commission  and  composed  of  thirteen  mem- 
bers, as  follows:  One  from  the  Marine  Hospital  and  Public  Health 
Service  of  the  National  Government;  one  from  the  War  Department; 
three  from  Chicago;  one  from  Illinois  outside  of  Chicago;  two  from 
Milwaukee;  one  from  Wisconsin  outside  of  Milwaukee;  one  from  India- 
na; one  from  Michigan;  one  from  Grand  Rapids,  and  one  from  Indiana 
representing  the  cities  of  Hammond,  Whiting  and  East  Chicago. 

This  commission  has  since  been  active  in  gathering  data  and  mak- 
ing scientific  investigation  of  the  entire  subject  matter. 

As  regards  our  own  situation.  I sent  to  your  Honorable  Body  a 
special  communication  in  connection  with  an  investigation  made  by  us 
of  the  nuisance  arising  with  the  present  condition  of  the  Menomonee 
River,  which  in  part  reads  as  follows: 

“I  will,  however,  at  this  time  again  call  the  attention  of  your  Honor- 
able Body  to  the  pollution  of  the  source  of  our  drinking  supply  by  the 
ever-increasing  volume  of  raw  sewage  being  discharged  directly  into 
Lake  Michigan  by  this  and  other  cities.  This  sewage  from  the  City  of 
Milwaukee  at  the  present  time  amounts  to  from  fifty  to  sixty  million 
gallons  per  24  hours,  and  is  discharged  at  a point  south  of  the  mouth 
of  our  intake  tunnel.  While  at  the  present  time  our  drinking  water  is 
still  comparatively  pure,  and  at  no  time  has  shown  pollution  to  an 
extent  which  would  constitute  a menace  or  necessitate  the  issuance  of 
orders  from  the  Department  to  boil  the  water,  nevertheless  analysis, 
both  chemical  and  bacteriological,  made  at  regular  intervals,  unquestion- 
ably demonstrates  the  presence  of  contamination,  and  therefore  points 
out  to  us  the  necessity  of  taking  steps  to  install  a system  which  will 
guarantee  to  us  now,  and  our  children  in  the  future,  a water  supply 
whose  purity  and  wholesomeness  will  be  permanently  established. 

“If,  then,  our  drinking  water  shows  contamination  at  the  present 
time,  are  we  justified  in  increasing  by  thousands  of  gallons  per  24  hours 
the  amount  of  sewage  discharged  into  the  lake,  which  we  wii'l  do  should 
another  flushing  tunnel  be  built  in  order  to  remedy  the  condition  of  the 
Menomonee  River.  With  the  ever-increasing  population  and  increasing 


COMMISSIONER  OP  HEALTH. 


17 


number  of  sewers,  what  will  be  the  volume  of  sewage  discharged  ten 
years  from  now,  and  what  the  degree  of  contamination?  Shall  the 
City  of  Milwaukee  wait  until  these  ten  years  have  elapsed  before  we 
begin  to  undertake  an  engineering  problem  which  will  take  that  long  to 
solve?  Or  shall  we  begin  at  once,  so  that  when  the  work  has  been  com- 
pleted we  can  for  all  time  to  come  depend  upon  drinking  water  whose 
purity  and  wholesomeness  cannot  be  surpassed,  instead  of  being  suddenly 
confronted  with  an  epidemic  of  typhoid  fever  which  will  cost  the  lives 
of  thousands  of  our  citizens  and  bring  with  it  a commercial  paralysis 
the  harmful  influences  of  which  cannot  be  overestimated. 

“We  must  practice  prevention  and  not  wait  to  apply  a cure  when 
it  is  too  late.  Let  us  gain  by  the  experience  that  other  cities  have  had  in 
the  past  and  are  having  at  the  present  time. 

“I  earnestlv  appeal  to  your  Honorable  Body  to  carefully  consider 
this  matter  at  this  time,  and  would  suggest  that  a commission  be  ap- 
pointed, consisting  of  three  expert  sanitary  engineers  who  have  made 
a special  study  of  the  problem  of  sewage  disposal. 

“Let  this  commission  take  up  the  needs  of  the  Menomonee  Valley, 
recommend  the  installation  of  a system  of  sewage  disposal  for  that 
district,  and  devise  plans  for  the  extension  of  such  a system  to  cover 
the  needs  of  the  entire  city.” 

In  accordance  with  the  recommendation  made,  a resolution  was 
introduced  calling  for  the  appointment  of  such  a commission,  to  con- 
sist of  the  following  sanitary  engineers:  John  W.  Alvord,  Chicago; 

George  C.  Whipple,  New  York,  and  H.  P.  Eddy,  Boston.  This  resolu- 
tion was  unanimously  recommended  for  passage  by  your  Committee. 
This  will  unquestionably  insure  its  passage  by  the  Honorable  Common 
Council  and  we  may  look  forward  to  the  abolishing  of  the  evil  result- 
ing from  the  present  condition  of  the  Menomonee  River  and  the  in- 
stalling in  the  years  to  come  of  a system  of  sewage  disposal  which  will 
establish  for  our  city  for  all  time  to  come  a pure  source  of  water  supply. 

The  contagious  disease  situation  has  been  satisfactory  throughout 
the  course  of  the  year,  there  having  been  no  epidemics  of  any  kind. 
The  mortality  rates  from  these  diseases  compare  favorably  with  those 
of  other  cities,  as  shown  by  the  following  comparative  statement. 


MORTALITY  OP  15  LARGEST  AMERICAN  CITIES— YEAR  1908. 
Cities  having  population  300,000  and  over. 


18 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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COMMISSIONER  OF  'HEALTH. 


19 


These  rates,  however,  might  be  materially  lowered  were  it  not  for 
the  fact  that  the  people  themselves  do  not  realize  the  importance  of 
calling  physicians  as  soon  as  symptoms  of  disease  appear,  which  holds 
true  particularly  in  scarlet  fever  and  diphtheria.  The  physician  fre- 
quently does  not  see  the  case  until  serious  complications  have  arisen, 
when  often  the  patient  is  beyond  the  stage  when  recovery  is  possible. 

By  such  negligence,  parents  not  only  endanger  the  lives  of  their 
own  children,  but  also  furnish  a source  of  contagion  to  others.  We 
have  called  attention  to  this  state  of  affairs  by  means  of  the  public 
press  at  frequent  intervals,  but  there  will  always  be  those  who  do  not 
heed  advice. 

There  were  51  deaths  from  typhoid  fever  during  the  course  of  the 
year,  which  is  a comparatively  small  number.  Of  these,  nine  had  con- 
tracted the  disease  elsewhere. 

The  tuberculosis  situation  remains  about  the  same,  with  probably 
a slight  tendency  to  a decrease  in  the  number  of  cases.  Public  lectures 
and  exhibits,  and  distribution  of  literature,  no  doubt  accomplish  a great 
deal  toward  educating  the  masses,  and  the  establishment  of  tuberculosis 
dispensaries  is  to  be  highly  recommended.  However,  the  city  should  no 
longer  delay  the  building  of  a hospital  where  advanced  cases  may  be 
segregated.  A resolution  calling  for  plans,  specifications  and  estimate 
of  cost  for  such  a hospital  is  now  pending  before  your  Honorable  Body, 
and  I sincerely  hope  that  when  the  Board  of  Public  Works  presents  these 
plans  they  will  be  forthwith  adopted  and  instructions  given  to  proceed 
with  the  erection  of  such  a hospital,  the  necessity  for  which  is  so  urgent, 
as  I have  repeatedly  pointed  out  in  my  former  reports  and  communica- 
tions. 

It  is  all  well  and  good  to  establish  numerous  sanitaria  for  the  treat- 
ment of  incipient  cases.  It  will,  however,  be  impossible  to  eradicate 
the  disease  or  to  even  subject  it  to  control,  unless  places  of  refuge  are 
provided  for  the  cases  that  are  the  real  sources  of  danger  to  others  by 
direct  infection  or  on  account  of  infection  of  the  premises  they  inhabit 
and  to  which  frequently  patients  who  have  spent  months  at  a sanitarium 
and  who  have  been  discharged  as  cured  or  improved  must  of  necessity 
return,  only  to  become  reinfected  again  by  relatives,  who,  on  account  of 
their  advanced  condition,  cannot  be  removed.  The  ravages  from  this 
disease  are  so  enormous  that  it  is  high  time  to  put  sentiment  aside  and 
establish  a system  of  isolation  for  at  least  the'  incurables.  The  greatest 
sources  of  dissemination  of  the  tubercle  bacillus  today  are,  in  my  opinion, 
the  incurable  cases  and  an  infected  milk  supply.  Isolate  the  incurables 


20 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


and  eliminate  the  infected  cows  from  dairy  herds  and  you  control  the 
two  most  fruitful  of  disease  carriers. 

When  this  hospital  has  been  built,  we  will  still  have  sufficient 
available  ground  left  to  also  establish  tent  colonies  for  incipient  cases, 
and  Milwaukee  will  then  stand  in  the  front  rank  of  cities  which  are 
actively  engaged  in  eradicating  the  disease. 

The  Bacteriologist  again  calls  attention  to  the  absolute  necessity  of 
providing  a laboratory  assistant.  The  amount  of  work  in  the  laborato- 
ries has  increased  to  such  an  extent  and  is  of  such  character  as  to 
seriously  interfere  with  the  efficiency  of  the  Department  unless  your 
Honorable  Body  will  speedily  provide  the  assistance  asked  for  in  an 
ordinance  introduced  for  that  purpose. 

In  this  connection,  it  seems  well  also  to  call  to  mind  the  highly 
unsatisfactory  and  objectionable  location  of  the  bacteriological  laboratory 
at  present.  With  a southwest  exposure  (the  poorest  possible),  and  a con- 
sequent ever-changing  daylight,  satisfactory  microscopy  becomes  very 
uncertain  and  in  fact  impossible  when  the  direct  sunlight  of  the  -after- 
noon necessitates  the  lowering  of  the  shades  and  so  shuts  out  all  light. 

In  a like  manner  the  temperature  conditions  of  the  laboratory  in 
its  present  location  are  woefully  wanting  and  seriously  interfere  with 
the  maintenance  of  the  necessary  constant  thermometric  norm  of  the 
incubator.  During  the  winter  months  the  cold  of  the  room  frequently 
subtracts  several  degrees  of  heat  from  the  standard,  while  during  the 
hot  months  of  the  summer  the  temperature  is  raised  oft  times  con- 
siderably above  this  point — in  either  instance  vitiating  seriously  cultural 
development  of  bacteria  dependent  upon  an  accurate  incubation  tem- 
perature. 

Without  adding  to  this  an  account  of  the  personal  discomfort  that 
is  entailed  upon  these  conditions,  the  fact  alone  that  the  laboratory  at 
present  is  located  in  rooms  entirely  unfit  in  every  fundamental  laboratory 
requirement  of  light  and  temperature  should  suffice  to  bring  at  last  the 
long  needed  and  long  asked  for  relief. 

The  report  of  the  Begistrar  of  Vital  Statistics  shows  on  the  whole 
a very  satisfactory  condition.  The  death  rate  is  somewhat  lower  than 
for  the  preceding  year,  while  the  birth  rate  remains  substantially  the 
same.  The  statistical  table  to  which  attention  has  been  called  shows 
comparative  figures  with  other  cities  having  a population  of  300,000 
and  over,  and  gives  our  city  the  lowest  mortality  rate,  the  rates  being 
computed  on  figures  of  population  supplied  by  the  IJ.  S.  Census  Bureau, 
which  manifestly  is  the  only  correct  and  just  wav  of  comparison.  The 
result  is  certainly  exceedingly  gratifying. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


21 


A considerable  number  of  patients  were  cared  for  at  our  two  isola- 
tion hospitals  with  good  results,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  both  institutions 
are  unfit  as  far  as  the  general  structural  condition  of  the  buildings  and 
inner  arrangements  are  concerned.  This  holds  true  particularly  of  our 
hospital  for  the  care  of  children  ill  with  Diphtheria,  Scarlet  fever  and 
Measles.  The  arrangement  of  this  building  is  such  as  to  make  it  exced- 
ingly  difficult  to  properly  separate  and  isolate  the  various  cases.  If,  in 
spite  of  these  conditions,  we  have  achieved  good  results,  it  is  in  a large 
measure  due  to  the  efficiency  of  the  matrons  in  charge. 

There  must  not  be  any  further  delay  in  issuing  the  necessary  bonds 
to  provide  funds,  for  the  erection  of  modem  hospital  buildings. 

The  report  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  shows  a large  amount  of 
work  performed  by  the  inspectors  under  his  charge.  These  inspectors 
have  orders  to  carry  on  an  educational  campaign  in  their  respective 
districts  and  not  merely  to  investigate  complaints.  Each  inspector  is 
held  responsible  for  the  sanitary  condition  of  his  district.. 

At  regular  intervals  inspections  are  held,  at  which  time  subjects  of 
importance  are  discussed  and  instructions  issued.  The  city,  however, 
covers  at  the  present  time  so  large  an  area  that  districts  are  becoming 
too  large  and  an  increase  in  the  force  of  inspectors  is  to  be  recommended. 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  an  investigation  carried  on  by  the  Depart- 
ment disclosed  the  fact  that  there  are  still  in  existence  in  his  city  a 
surprisingly  large  number  of  private  wells.  Chemical  analysis  of  a large 
number  of  samples  of  water  taken  from  these  wells  showed  more  or  less 
marked  contamination  in  64  per  cent,  of  them.  In  spite  of  this  fact, 
we  aroused  a storm  of  protest  from  the  owners  of  such  wells  by  orders 
issued  under  authority  of  an  ordinance  prohibiting  the  use  of  well  water 
in  districts  where  city  water  is  available.  So  strong  was  this  protest 
that  it  was  made  use  of  in  the  campaign  preceding  the  spring  election. 

However,  the  report  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  shows  that  we 
succeeded  in  abolishing  1,544,  and  by  continuing  our  crusade  we  hope 
to  abolish  all  of  them1  in  the  near  future.  In  several  instances  typhoid 
cases  were  distinctly  traceable  to  the  use  of  contaminated  well  water. 

During  the  course  of  the  year,  the  Department  suffered  a loss  by 
the  death  of  Meat  Inspector  F.  J.  Carney,  who  had  been  in  the  employ 
of  the  Department  for  twenty-six  years.  He  was  an  efficient  officer, 
prompt  and  faithful  in  the  performance  of  his  duties. 

Toward  the  end  of  the  year  the  new  ordinance  governing  the  meat 
business  was  passed  by  your  Honorable  Body.  The  main  feature  of  this 
new  law  is  the  provision  for  licensing  dealers  engaged  in  that  line  of 
business.  In  my  opinion,  all  dealers  in  food  stuffs  should  be  governed 


22 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


by  license  laws,  as  complete  control  can  only  be.  exercised  under  such 
conditions.  Let  the  fitness  or  unfitness  of  the  individual  and  his  place  of 
business  determine  the  issuance  of  a license.  The  excellent  results  that 
can  be  achieved  by  such  procedure  have  been  amply  demonstrated . in 
connection  with  the  milk  business  in  this  city.  No  license  is  issued  until 
premises  have  been  thoroughly  inspected.  Licenses  are  revoked  after 
repeated  conviction  for  violation  of  the  governing  ordinance. 

A recommendation  I would  make  at  this  time  is  that  a system  of 
service  pension  for  the  inspectors  of  the  Health  Department  be  estab- 
lished, similar  to  that  in  force  with  the  Police  Department.  The  services 
rendered  by  sanitary  inspectors  are,  to  say  the  least,  of  as  much  im- 
portance to  the  citizen  as  are  those  of  police  officers,  and  are  of  a nature 
not  devoid  of  personal  danger,  as  they  come  in  personal  contact  with  all 
contagious  disease  cases.  They  must  undergo  a physical  as  well  as  mental 
examination  prior  to  appointment,  to  determine  their  qualifications  for 
office.  Their  retention  in  office  should  depend  solely  on  efficiency  and  not 
on  political  influence,  as  has  been  so  frequently  the  case  in  the  past. 
A system  of  pensions  would  unquestionably  increase  their  efficiency,  as 
it  would  act  as  a stimulus  for  prompt  and  faithful  attention  to  dut}c 
A general  fund  might  be  established  for  such  a purpose.  Al]  witness 
fees  due  inspectors  should  be  turned  over  to  such  a fund,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  that,  monthly  dues  exacted  from  each  inspector. 

Besides  this,  all  license  fees  collected  by  the  city  from  milk  and  meat 
dealers  should  revert  to  this  fund  instead  of  into  the  general  city  treasury, 
as  is  now  the  case.  In  addition  to  this,  numerous  smaller  amounts, 
such  as  moneys  paid  by  the  U.  S.  Government  for  the  care  of  seamen 
suffering  with  contagious  diseases,  which  are  taken  care  of  in  o-ur  isola- 
tion hospital  under  contract,  might  be  added.  In  this  manner,  a system 
might  be  established  which  would  unquestionably  be  of  benefit  to  the  city, 
without  creating  an  extra  burden  to  the  tax  payer. 

There  should  be  also  a graded  system  of  salary,  depending  on  length 
of  service.  An  ordinance  to  bring  about  this  latter  system  has  been  in- 
troduced. and  I hope  will  receive  favorable  consideration  from  your 
Honorable  Body. 

Bespectfully  submitted, 

G.  A.  BADING,  M.  D., 
Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 

OF 

SECRETARY 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir — Following  the  annual  custom,  I respectfully  submit  herewith 
the  financial  statement  of  the  Department,  covering  the  year  January  1 
to  December  31,  1908,  inclusive.  I also  submit  a statement  of  vaccina- 
tion and  its  cost  during  the  year  1908,  the  reports  of  the  Superintendent, 
of  Garbage  Collection  and  Cremation,  reports  of  dead  animals  collected, 
and  a garbage  summary  which  shows  in  greater  detail  the  facts  con- 
cerning garbage  collection  and  disposal  and  their  cost,  as  well  as  a state- 
ment showing  the  method  by  which  the  Department  has  assisted  in  hand- 
ling the  stable  refuse  of  the  city,  and  another  statement  concerning  the 
cost  of  coal  at  the  garbage  plant. 

It  is  a pleasure  to  report  that  the  Department  has  maintained  its 
high  standard,  established  during  the  two  previous  years,  of  conducting 
its  business  affairs  in  a thoroughly  systematic  and  economical  manner. 
Because  of  many  increasing  demands  upon  the  Department,  and  because 
the  Department  has  reached  out  in  new  directions,  expenditures  have  in- 
creased, but  they  have  only  increased  where  the  Department  has  made 
such  extensions  in  its  work,  and  in  the  main  there  has  been  even  greater 
economy  and  successful  financial  administration  than  in  the  years 
previous. 

Nothwistanding  a substantial  increase  in  the  Department  force, 
the  raising  of  salaries,  and  a great  burden  of  new  duties,  the  expendi- 
tures for  the  year  were  only  $14,360.02  greater  than  in  1907,  and  there 
was  left  unused  at  the  end  of  the  year  $12,057.46  of  moneys  that  had 
been  appropriated  for  the  Department. 

As  in  the  past  two  years,  the  Secretary’s  Financial  Statement  is 
so  itemized  that  it  shows  exactly  the  cost  of  each  of  the  six  sub-depart- 
ments, and  likewise  the  cost  of  each  item  of  expense.  In  examining  the 
statement  for  the  Office,  you  will  notice  an  increase  of  $1,555.62  over 
the  previous  year.  This  is  directly  accounted  for  bv  increases  in  the  pay- 
roll account  and  by  the  rent  charge,  which  for  the  first  time  was  made 
against  the  Department  during  this  year.  Of  the  total  charge  of  $1,736,- 
60  for  rent,  I have  charged  $1,123.40  against  the  Office  expense  and  the 
balance  against  the  Laboratory.  The  increase  in  the  payroll  account 
is  due  principally  to  the  appointment  of  the  Chief  Meat  Inspector,  who 
served  for  the  last  two  months  of  the  year.  If  the  increase  in  the  pay- 


26 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


roll  account  and  the  rent  are  deducted  from  the  total  expenditures  for 
the  Office,  it  will  be  seen  that,  the  Office  was  conducted  for  less  than  in 
1907. 

Practically  the  same  conditions  are  true  of  the  Laboratory  expense. 
When  the  salary  increase,  due  to  the  appointment  of  two  additional  milk 
inspectors,  and  the  rent  charge  are  deducted  from  the  1908  expenditures, 
it  shows  a saving  of  $46.08  as  compared  with  the  previous  year. 

The  actual  decrease  in  the  expenditures  at  Isolation  Hospital  No.  1 
was  almost  $1,000.  This  saving,  of  course,  is  due  in  part  to  the  fact 
that  fewer  cases  of  contagious  disease,  were  treated  at  that  hospital 
during  the  year.  Careful  management,  however,  had  a great  deal  to  do 
with  decreasing  the  expense. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  number  of  patients  treated  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  2 was  much  larger  than  in  the  year  previous,  the 
increase  in  expense  was  only  $175.11.  The  showing  made  is  an  excellent 
one,  and  is  due  in  the  main  to  economical  and  efficient  administration  of 
the  hospital. 

The  total  increase  for  Office,  Laboratory  and  the  hospitals  was 
$2,921.19.  Eliminating  charges  for  rent  and  increase  in  payrolls,  the 
administration  of  these  sub  departments  was  much  more  economical  than 
in  previous  years.  Although  it  was  higher  than  in  the  years  1906  and 
1907,  it  is  still  $4,000  less  than  the  expenditures  for  these  same  sub-de- 
partments during  the  last  year  of  the  incumbency  of  our  predecessors. 

An  increase  of  a little  over  $3,000  in  the  expenses  of  garbage  crema- 
tion and  burial  is  shown.  Of  this  increase  $2,791.27  is  accounted  for  in 
payrolls,  a raise  of  25c  a day  having  gone  into  effect  January  1,  1908. 
This  affected  all  the  laborers  engaged  in  burying  garbage  and  all  the  men 
at  the  plant  except  the  foremen  and  the  two  men  in  the  blacksmith  shop. 
In  addition  to  this  increase  in  salaries,  there  was  expended  during  the 
year  $3,788.00  for  95  new  garbage  boxes  and  40  garbage  box  bottoms, 
which  were  bought  under  contract.  Although  these'  increases  in  expendi- 
tures caused  a slight  increase  in  the  cost  per  ton  (a  raise  from  $1.35  to 
$1.43  per  ton),  yet  by  decreasing  the  cost  per  ton  for  burial,  the  average 
cost  of  disposal  per  ton,  including  burial  and  cremation,  of  $1.22,  is  the 
same  as  in  the  year  previous.  A saving  in  the  cost  of  coal,  referred  to 
later  in  this  report,  assisted  materially  in  the  excellent  financial  showing 
made  in  the  cost  of  garbage  disposal. 

The  greatest  increase  in  cost  in  1908  was  for  operating  the  hoist 
and  maintaining  the  garbage  collection  system.  The  payroll  item  shows 
the  greatest  increase,  the  expenditures  for  this  purpose  during  the  year 
having  amounted  to1  $7,496.88  more  than  in  the  year  previous.  The  total 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


27 


increase  was  $800  higher  than  this  figure,  being  $8,281.28.  This  $800 
is  entirely  accounted  for  by  the  great  expense  of  maintaining  scows  for 
transporting  the  garbage.  It  includes  one  item  of  $350  for  the  purchase 
of  a new  scow  and  includes  charges  for  repairing  docks  and  for  excavat- 
ing to  release  scows  which  were  beached  by  storms.  As  a matter  of  fact, 
the  total  extraordinary  expense  on  account  of  scows  was  more  than  the 
$800  mentioned.  As  the  cost  of  maintaining  the  scows  is  chargeable  to 
hoist  and  collection,  an  increase  in  the  hoist  charge  from  9c  in  1907  to 
11c  in  1908  is  shown. 

The  large  increase  above  mentioned  in  payrolls  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  a larger  number  of  collectors  was  maintained  during  the  year.  In 
no  year  in  the  city’s  history  has  the  garbage  collection  been  so  complete 
and  satisfactory  as  in  1908.  Although  there  was  a large  increase  in  the 
payroll  for  collection,  the  cost  per  ton  was  increased  only  6c,  or  from 
$1.90  to  $1.96.  Because  of  the  inconveniences  which  must  be  met  in 
unloading  garbage  after  it  is  collected,  it  is  inevitable,  under  the  present 
arrangement,  that  the  cost  per  ton  should  increase  slightly  with  the  total 
cost  of  collection.  The  more  thoroughly,  too,  that  garbage  is  collected, 
the  more  difficult  it  is  for  the  men  to  complete  their  loads  and  the 
greater  the  likelihood  for  so-called  small  loads.  That  this  is  true  is 
shown  by  the  fact  that  in  1908,  while  the  number  of  loads  increased 
8^  per  cent.,  the  number  of  tons  increased  only  6-J  per  cent.  Were  the 
city  to  continue  the  present  arrangement  of  unloading  garbage,  it  is 
difficult  to  predict,  as  the  tonnage  increased  each  year,  how  high  the  cost 
per  ton  for  collection  would  reach.  No  one  familiar  with  the  present 
conditions  can  fail  to  foresee  that  the  cost  of  collection  will  decrease 
greatly  when  the  new  garbage  plant  is  built  and  when  better  facilities 
are  established  for  unloading  the  garbage  after  it  is  collected. 

Taking  the  whole  subject  of  garbage  collection  and  disposal  into  con- 
sideration, we  find  that  the  total  increase  is  $14,360.02  for  the  year  1908, 
making  a total  cost  per  ton  of  $3.27.  While  this  is  somewhat  higher 
than  the  year  previous,  it  is  89c  cheaper  per  ton  than  in  the  year  1905. 

The  report  of  vaccinations  in  the  year  1908  shows  a much  smaller 
number  than  in  the  year  previous.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  work 
was  done  so  thoroughly  in  1907  that  comparatively  few  children  were 
found  who  were  willing  to  be  vaccinated  and  who  had  not  been  included 
in  the  vaccination  lists  of  the  year  previous.  Besides,  this,  the  number 
of  small-pox  cases  was  so  small  that  very  few  vaccinations  were  found 
necessary  for  the  immediate  prevention  of  the  spread  of  the  disease. 
While  there  were  fewer  vaccinations  than  in  the  year  previous,  it  is 
gratifying  to  note  by  the  statement  of  expense  that  the  total  cost  was 


28 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


only  about  one-half  of  the  year  previous,  and  that  the  cost  per  vaccina- 
tion was  15c  as  against  20c  during  1907.  A summary  of  vaccinations 
for  the  years  1906,  1907  and  1908  shows  the  remarkable  figure  of 
28,740. 

Under  that  section  of  the  Annual  Report  designated  “Reports  of 
Refuse  Collection  and  Disposal”  will  be  found  all  facts  concerning  this 
subject  itemized  in  detail.  The  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Garbage 
Collection  is  shown  by  months,  with  a total  collection  of  42,569  tons. 
The  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Garbage  Cremation  shows  that 
33,824  tons  were  disposed  of  at  the  plant  on  Jones  Island. 

In  the  statement  of  Mr.  Skiba,  the  Complaint  Clerk,  it  is  seen  that 
the  Department  caused  to  be  removed  103  large  animals  as  against  83 
for  the  year  previous.  While  his  report  of  small  animals  shows  only 
those  which  were  reported  to  the  office,  the  statement  on  the  next  page  of 
Gustave  Mueller,  Collector  of  Small  Animals,  shows  the  actual  number, 
with  the  corresponding  loads  and  tons,  which  were  taken  care  of  by  the 
Department.  The  increase  over  the  year  previous  is  almost  600.  This 
report  of  the  Collector  of  Small  Animals  has  been  added  to  the  Annual 
Report  this  year  because  this -.department  of  the  work  is  becoming  more 
and  more  important. 

In  the  garbage  summary  compiled  by  me  from  the  reports  of  col- 
lection and  disposal,  there  is  shown,  under  the  headings  of  “Collection” 
and  “Disposal  by  Cremation,”  exactly  how  the  figures  have  been  ob- 
tained. Under  the  heading  of  “Disposal  other  than  by  Cremation,”  is 
shown  the  number  of  loads  and  tons  of  garbage  and  small  animals 
which  were  buried,  delivered  to  farmers  and  to  rendering  companies.  A 
resume  on  the  following  page  shows  that  altogether  54,353  loads  or 
42,677  tons  were  handled  by  the  Department  during  the  year.  The  cost 
of  garbage  disposal  also  is  itemized  in  greater  detail,  so  that  the  cost 
of  burial  and  the  hoist  can  be  seen,  as  well  as  that  of  collection  and 
cremation.  The  average  cost  per  ton  for  each  step  taken  in  the  handling 
of  the  city’s  garbage  is  also  shown,  so  that  comparisons  can  be  made  with 
previous  years. 

Some  idea  can  be  gained  of  the  economy  which  has  been  practiced 
in  the  handling  of  garbage  during  the  last  three  years  by  the  comparison 
with  previous  years.  It  is  shown  that  in  the  year  1908,  47  per  cent, 
more  garbage  was  handled  than  in  the  year  1905.  The  increase  in  cost, 
however,  during  this  time  has  been  only  15 y2  Per  cent. 

It  might  be  well  to  call  attention  at  this  point  to  the  fact  that  the 
greatest  care  is  used  in  obtaining  correct  estimates  of  the  wreight  of  gar- 
bage. While  it  is  impossible  at  the  plant  to  weigh  each  load  of  garbage, 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


29 


because  of  the  absence  of  a wagon  scale,  yet  a system  has  been  established 
of  weighing  three  typical  loads  each  day,  and  the  average  weight  for  each 
week  of  all  loads  weighed  is  used  in  our  estimates  as  the  average  for  all 
loads  delivered.  In  the  winter,  when  the  garbage  is  buried,  a consider- 
able number  of  loads  are  weighed  at  different  times  of  the  month,  so 
that  an  average  weight  can  be  reached  with  which  to  figure  the  entire 
amount  buried.  I find  that;  this  system  is  much  more  complete  and  care- 
ful than  that  used  in  most  of  the  large  cities  of  the  country. 

In  my  report  this  year,  I have  devoted  a page  to  the  disposal  of 
stable  refuse.  While  this  work  has  not  been  done  by  the  Department,  it 
has  been  done  under  our  supervision,  and  by  reason  of  arrangements 
made  for  shipping  this  refuse  by  cars  it  has  been  much  easier  for  stable 
owners  to  dispose  of  this  refuse.  A man  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
yards  this  year,  and  this  has  enabled  us  to  show  more  complete  figures 
than  was  possible  heretofore.  The  report  shows  that  1,170  tons  were  dis- 
posed of  by  this  arrangement. 

There  has  also  been  added  to  the  report  a statement  regarding  coal 
used  at  the  crematory.  Next  to  the  payroll  item,  the  expenditure  for 
coal  is  the  largest  made  by  the  Department  each  year.  It  therefore  must 
be  of  interest  to  examine  the  details  concerning  this  expenditure.  The 
report  shows  that  it  requires  160  pounds  of  coal  to  burn  one  ton  of  gar- 
bage, and  that  in  1908  the  cost  of  coal  required  to  burn  one  ton  of  gar- 
bage was  31c.  To  permit  of  a comparison  of  this  cost  with  that  of  pre- 
vious years,  an  additional  table  has  been  prepared  showing  the  cost 
per  ton  for  each  whole  year  since  the  present  plant  was  put  into  opera- 
tion. This  table  shows  that  during  the  last  three  years,  because  of  great 
care  in  the  purchase  and  handling  of  coal,  the  cost  has  fallen  off  con- 
siderably. Contrasted  with  the  cost  in  1908  of  31c  is  the  cost  during 
the  years  1903  and  1905,  in  which  the  figure  reached  52c.  The  full 
significance  of  this  saving,  however,  can  only  be  appreciated  when  the 
total  cost  of  these  years  is  taken  into  consideration.  During  the  year  1905, 
for  instance,  had  the  cost  been  31c  instead  of  52c,  the  city  would  have 
paid  only  $5,950.76  for  coal  required  in  the  burning  of  garbage,  instead 
of  the  figure  actually  expended,  $10,035.98.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the 
year  1908.  had  we  expended  52c  for  coal  sufficient  to  burn  one  ton  of  gar- 
bage, the  total  cost  would  have  been  $17,588.48  instead  of$10,556.52. 

The  independent  method  of  bookkeeping  established  in  the  Depart- 
ment in  1906  proves  each  year  to  be  of  more  value.  It  enables  us  at  all 
times  to  be  accurately  informed  regarding  all  expenditures,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  is  a ready  reference  in  keeping  the  Department  informed  re- 
garding past  prices  and  expenses.  During  the  year,  the  prices  of  grocer- 


30 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ies,  meats  and  many  other  supplies  have  increased  slightly.  On  the 
other  hand,  there  has  been  a reduction  in  the  price  of  many  of  the 
supplies  used  by  the  Department. 

Eespectf ullv  sub  m i tte  d , 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  31 

SECRETARY’S  FINANCIAL  STATEMENT. 

EXPENSES  OFFICE. 


Drugs  and  medicines $ 523.05 

Supplies  1,272.95 

Miscellaneous  531.14 

Payrolls  34,346.33 

Printing  1,271.30 

Postage  99.72 

Livery  450.50 

Stationery  164.41 

Rent  1,123.40 


Total  $39,782.83 

By  cash  credits $ 338.00 


Net  expense,  1908 $39,444.83 

Credits  from  Hospital  No.  1 and  Hospital  No.  2 for  mis- 
cellaneous supplies  114.45 


Actual  cost,  Office,  1908 $39,330.38 


EXPENSES  LABORATORY. 


Payrolls  $ 6,519.92 

Drugs  and  Chemicals 67.90 

Apparatus  189.26 

Feed  for  animals 20.37 

Ice  10.00 

Gas  34.16 

Miscellaneous  110.45 

Printing  81.57 

Rent  613.20 


Total  ... 
By  cash  credits 


$ 7,646.83 


$ 3.00 


Actual  cost,  1908 


$ 7,643.83 


EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  NO.  l'. 


Ice  $ 52.50 

Groceries  785.46 

Telephone  service  86.40 

Payrolls  2,716.06 

Lighting  247.15 

Meats  441.23 

Milk  128.14 

Drugs  and  medicines 28.33 


32 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Bakery  Supplies  74.29 

Supplies  and  furnishings 257.06 

Fuel  748.73 

Repairs  35.15 

Miscellaneous  83.35 


Net  expense,  1908 $ 5,683.85 

Paid  office  for  postage $ 


Actual  cost,  1908 $ 5,687.05 


3.20 


EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  NO.  2. 


Services  of  nurses $ 353.24 

Rent  1,500.00 

Telephone  service  66.00 

Payrolls  2,051.99 

Groceries  460.92 

Meats  184.50 

Milk  130.00 

Drugs  and  medicines 78.11 

Bakery  supplies  45.16 

Supplies  and  furnishings 166.94 

Surgical  supplies  5.35 

Ice  46.50 

Miscellaneous  61.91 

Lighting  110.13 

Fuel  596.98 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies 3.87 


Total  $ 5,861.69 

By  cash  credits $ 40.90 

Net  cost,  1908 $ 5,820.79 

Paid  office  for  postage,  antitoxin,  etc $ 111.25 

Actual  cost,  1908 $ 5,932.04 


EXPENSES  GARBAGE  CREMATION  AND  BURIAL. 


Oils,  grease  and  waste $ 80.28 

Coal  10,582.57 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies 1,255.30 

Telephone  service  72.00 

Payrolls  35,241.74 

Miscellaneous  supplies  4,094.98 

Advertising  64.04 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


33 


Rent  of  land. 
Miscellaneous 


550.00 

47.50 


Net  expense,  1908 $51,988.41 

By  cash  credits $ 


40.52 


Actual  cost,  1908 


$51,917.89 


EXPENSES  GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION. 


Repairs  and  repair  supplies $ 697.92 

Telephone  service  55.40 

Coal  and  wood 259.26 

Payrolls  85,631.24 

Miscellaneous  supplies  179.24 

Tug  service  198.00 

Miscellaneous  470.14 

Printing  3.90 


Net  cost,  1908 
By  cash  credits 


$87,495.10 

$ 93.75 


Actual  cost,  1908 


$87,401.35 


HEALTH  EXPENSE. 


Actual  cost  Health  1908,  not  including  garbage. 

Office  

Laboratory  

Hospital  No.  1 

Hospital  No.  2 


$39,330.38 
7,643.83  ' 
5,687.05 
5,932.04 


Total 


$58,593.30 


GARBAGE  EXPENSE, 
Actual  cost  Garbage,  1908: 


Crematory  and  burial $ 51,947.89 

Hoist  and  collection 87,401.35 

Total  $139,349.24 


Note — For  the  sake  of  convenience  in  the  books  of  the  Department,  the  entire 
disposal  expenditure,  including  the  cost  of  operating  the  plant  and  the  cost  of 
burial,  is  included  in  one  item.  The  same  is  true  of  the  cost  of  collection  and 
the  cost  of  operating  the  hoist.  For  the  sake,  however,  of  showing  exactly  how 


34 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


much  each  one  of  these  items  cost,  the  expenditures  have  been  subdivided  and 
the  result  shows  the  following: 


Cost  of  Crematory $ 48,500.90 

Cost  of  burial 3,446.99 

Cost  of  hoist 3,847.96 

Cost  of  collection 83,553.39 


Total  cost  of  garbage $139,349,24 


RECAPITULATION,  1908. 


Health  $ 58,593.30' 

Garbage  139,349.24 


Total 


$197,942.54 


FINANCIAL  SHOWING  DECEMBER  31,  1908. 


Total  appropriation  for  1908 $210,000.00 

Total  expenditures  in  1908 197,942.54 

$ 12,057.46 

Transferred  to  street  and  alley  fund,  October,  1908 4,000.00 

Balance  in  fund,  Dec.  31,  1908 $ 8,057.46 


This  amount  transferred  Jan.  25,  1909,  by  the  City  Comptroller  to  the  gen- 
eral city  fund. 


COMPARATIVE. 

Health.  Garbage.  Total. 

1908 $58,593.30  $139,349.24  $197,942.54 

1907 55,672.11  127,910.41  183,582.52 

Increase $ 2,921.19  $ 11,438.83  $ 14,360.02 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


35 


VACCINATION  1908. 


MONTH. 

By  H.  D. 
Vaccinators 
at  Schools. 

By  H.  D. 
Vaccinators 
at  Homes, 
Factories, 
etc. 

At  H.  D. 
Office. 

At 

Hospital 
No.  1. 

Total. 

J anuary  

79 

1 

1 

81 

February 

19 

19 

March 

11 

1 

12 

April  

58 

84 

2 

144 

May  

272 

46 

27 

345 

June  

32 

33 

3 

68 

-7  li  1 v 

6 

3 

9 

August  

34 

4 

1 

39 

September 

7 

7 

Octrvhpr  

2347 

1 

9 

2350 

Novemhpv  

3650 

49 

104 

3803 

December  | 

578 

73 

165 

1 

817 

1 

Totals  

6905  j 

440 

339 

10 

7694 

COST  OF  VACCINATION,  1908. 


Vaccine  and  shields $ 302.90 

Alcohol  33.60 

Absorbent  cotton  5.60 

Scarifiers  1.00 

Payrolls  866.25 


Total  cost  $1,209.35 

Total  number  vaccinations 7,694 

Cost  per  vaccination $.15+ 


TOTAL  VACCINATIONS  THREE  YEARS. 


Vaccinations,  1906  9,618 

Vaccinations,  1907  11,428 

Vaccinations,  1908  7,694 


Total  three  years 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 


28,740 


Secretary. 


REPORT 

OF  THE 

HEALTH  DEPARTMENT  LABORATORIES 


REPORT  OF  THE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 
LABORATORIES. 


G.  A.  Barling,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir — I have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  report  of  the  work 
done  at  the  laboratories  of  the  Department  during  the  past  year,  as 
well  as  to  call  your  attention  to  some  of  the  needs  of  the  laboratories, 
a correction  of  which  seems  absolutely  necessary  for  their  further 
efficiency  and  development  in  the  future.  A summary  of  the  analyses 
done  at  the  laboratories,  tabulated  reports  of  which  are  included  in  the 
following  pages,  shows  a general  increase  in  the  amount  of  work  by 
approximately  one-third  over  last  year’s  total,  or,  in  exact  numbers, 
16,400  examinations  for  the  year  1908  as  against  11,  956  for  the  preced- 
ing year.. 

Of  this  total,  the  larger  share  falls  to  the  chemical  or  milk  inspect- 
ing department,  where  two  new  men  have  been  added  to  the  force,  mak- 
ing a total  of  five  in  this  branch  of  the  laboratories.  The  addition  of 
this  extra  help  to  the  milk  inspecting  force  was  certainly  a very  timely 
move,  and  in  its  splendid  results  surely  more  than  justifies  the  in- 
creased expenses  for  salaries  on  the  laboratory  payroll. 

MILK. 

A total  of  12,728  samples  of  milk  and  cream  have  been,  examined 
and  analyzed  during  the  past  year  in  the  Department  laboratories.  Of 
these  examinations,  by  far  the  greater  number  were  performed  in  the 
chemical  department.  Here  the  additional  help  of  the  new  inspectors 
already  mentioned  has  greatly  strengthened  the  working  efficiency  of  the 
laboratory. 

The  quality  of  the  milk  and  cream  sold  in  this  city  must,  on  the 
whole,  be  called  good,  at  least  according  to  chemical  standards.  For  a 
total  of  8,640  samples  of  milk,  an  average  of  3.77  per  cent,  of  butter  fat 
was  obtained,  while  cream  has  even  given  an  ever  age  of  21.09  per  cent, 
butter  fat  for  an  analysis  of  over  4,000  samples. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  constant  and  careful  supervision  of 
the  milk  depots  and  dairy  farms  by  the  milk  inspectors  is  doing  much 
in  securing  an  honest  and  sanitary  product  for  this  city’s  public. 


40 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Over  a thousand  milk  depots  in  this  city  have  been  inspected  during 
the  past  year;  besides  this,  202  dairies  outside  of  the  city  and  179 
farms,  were  inspected,  and  in  37  cases  owners  were  ordered  to  sell  their 
cows.  Great  care  and  attention  is  given  in  these  inspections  to  the 
sanitary  condition  of  the  barns  and  premises,  as  well  as  to  the  condition 
of  health  of  the  milch  cows  and  their  attendants. 

With  all  this  careful  supervision  concerning  the  chemical  purity  of 
the  milk  and  the  cleanliness  in  handling  it,  the  city  certainly  may  hope 
to  get  an  almost  ideal  milk  supply,  particularly  after  the  new  rules  con- 
cerning the  tuberculin  test  and  the  50  degrees  Fahrenheit  of  the  amended 
milk  ordinance  have  gone  into  effect. 


WATER. 

The  purity  of  the  municipal  water  supply  has  been,  as  heretofore,  a 
matter  of  greatest  concern  in  the  routine  of  the  laboratory  analyses. 
While  the  chemical  and  bacteriological  examinations  show  practically  no 
variation  in  their  findings  from  those  of  the  foregoing  year,  and  on  the 
whole  show  a potable  water,  yet  we  feel  the  necessity  for  pointing  out 
again  the  importance  of  urging  the  ounce  of  prevention  against  the  oft- 
times  very  costly  pound  of  cure. 

Now  that  the  city  has  successfully  rid  itself  of  the  very  dangerous 
water  supply  from  private  wells,  it  should  surely  be  no  less  alert  in 
safeguarding  its  municipal  water  supply.  We  feel  that  with  the  increas- 
ing density  of  population,  which  means  a corresponding  greater  output 
of  sewage  into  the  lake  and  consequent  inevitable  lake-water  pollution, 
the  question  of  safeguarding  the  public  health  from  this  source  of  con- 
tamination should  no  longer  be  left  until  chemical  and  bacteriological 
analyses  find  irrefutable  proof  in  the  city  water  mains  and  tap  water. 

We  heartily  endorse  the  movement  undertaken  by  the  Lake  Michi- 
gan Water  Commission,  which  has  for  its  purpose  the  prevention  of  lake 
and  river  water  pollution,  and  recommend  most  urgently  that  the  city 
take  up  this  matter  of  its  sewage  disposal  without  delay. 

In  the  analysis,  both  chemical  and  bacteriological,  of  water  the  labo- 
ratories are  now  following  the  technique  as  outlined  in  the  “Standard 
Methods  of  Water  Analysis,”  which  has  been  adopted  by  the  above  men- 
tioned Commission  in  order  to  gather  more  uniform  data  on  the  quality 
of  the  drinking  water  supply. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


41 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATION  OF  INFECTIOUS 

DISEASES. 

DIPHTHERIA. 

There  have  been  slightly  fewer  examinations  for  diphtheria  during 
the  year  1908  than  in  the  year  preceding.  This  must  undoubtedly  be 
accounted  for  by  the  remarkably  long-continued  dry  and  warm  weather 
of  the  summer  and -fall,  which  did  not  favor  the  development  of  diphthe- 
ria. The  number  of  examinations  was  greater  during  the  months  of 
January  and  December,  dropping  to  a minimum  during  the  months  of 
July,  August  and  September.  A total  of  1,812  cultures  were  examined 
for  the  bacillus  of  diphtheria  during  the  past  year. 

In  connection  with  this  subject,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  mention 
some  experiments  conducted  with  regard  to  the  local  after-treatment  of 
diphtheria. 

In  the  minds  of  both  a great  portion  of  the  profession,  as  well  as 
the  laity  in  general,  the  thought  seems  absolutely  fixed  that  the  injection 
of  anti-toxin  is  in  every  way  sufficient  in  the  treatment  of  diphtheria. 
Now,  while  this  is  undoubtedly  true  so  far  as  the  life  of  the  patient  is 
concerned,  yet  it  is  equally  true  that  the  disappearance  of  the  clinical 
symptoms  by  no  means  always  coincides  with  the  absolute  disappearance 
of  the  Klebs-Loeffier  bacilli  from  the  throat,  and  patients  apparently 
entirely  well  may  for  a long  time  remain  carriers  of  virulent  bacilli,  and 
so  become  sources  of  infection  for  others. 

While  the  rule  of  the  Department  insisting  upon  two  consecutive 
negative  cultures  from  all  patients  safeguards,  to  a large  extent,  against 
this  source  of  danger,  nevertheless  the  oft  times  long  period  of  quaran- 
tine— always  a hardship — even  where  antiseptics  have  been  used  locally, 
made  it  desirable  to  find,  if  possible,  some  method  of  treatment  which 
would  definitely,  quickly  and  safely  terminate  further  development  of 
of  the  diphtheria  bacillus  in  the  throats  of  patients.  The  conditions 
which  seemingly  tend  to  prolong  diphtherial  vegetation  are,  first,  anato- 
mical conditions,  e.  g.,  tonsilar  crypts,  etc.,  and  secondly,  constitutional 
non-resistive  conditions,  individualy  or  combined  with  the  former.  In 
cases  of  the  first  type,  careful  and  thorough  application  of  antiseptics, 
especially  12  per  cent,  silver  nitrate,  seems  to  give  the  best  and  quickest 
results.  In  the  latter  type  of  cases,  the  local  use  of  anti-toxin  (1,000 
units)’  has  given  such  encouraging  results  in  the  experimental  cases, 
that  an  urgent  plea  for  a wider  and  more  general  application  of  this 
method  seems  well  justified. 


42 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SPUTUM. 

In  the  number  of  specimens  of  sputum  submitted  for  examination 
for  the  bacillus  of  tuberculosis,  a decided  increase  has  been  noted.  Out 
of  nearly  1,000  specimens  examined,  slightly  more  than  40  per  cent, 
were  found  positive.  This  increase  in  the  number  of  sputum  analyses  is 
no  doubt  due  to  a considerable  extent  to  the  continued  agitation  this 
subject  received  also  in  the  lay  press.,  and  the  increasing  interest  the 
public  in  general  takes  in  grappling  with  this  problem.  A considerable 
number  of  the  specimens  were  submitted  by  the  patients  themselves, 
without  the  suggestion  of  an  attending  physician. 

The  scope  of  sputum  examinations  ha.s  also  been  widened,  and  in 
the  report  of  1909  we  hope  to  include  the  results  of  investigations  con- 
cerning so-called  non-acid-fast  tubercle  bacilli,  as  well  as  data,  on  the 
types  of  tubercular  infection  and  the  prognostic  value  of  tubercle  bacilli 
forms  and  staining  peculiarities. 

RABIES. 

Out  of  the  total  of  17  suspected  animals  examined  for  rabies,  only 
one  positive  case  was  found.  In  the  direct  examination,  which  was 
always  made  immediately  in  all  these  cases,  smears,  as  well  as  paraffin 
sections,  were  prepared  from  the  cortex  (along  the  Rolandic  fissure),  the 
Hippocampus  major  and  the  cerebellum.  In  these  examinations,  the 
technique  as  outlined  by  Frothingham  (cf.  American  Journal  of  Public 
Hygiene,  February,  1908)  was  followed. 

MISCELLANEOUS  EXAMINATIONS. 

The  greater  part  of  the  summer  and  fall  months  of  the  past  year 
was  taken  up  by  special  work  in  the  bacteriological  analysis  of  dust. 
A large  number  of  samples  were  examined,  both  quantitatively  and  quali- 
tatively, which  had  been  collected  under  various  conditions  and  from 
various  sources.  As  of  particular  interest  may  be  mentioned  the  exami- 
nation of  dust  collected  from  school  rooms  and  offices  by  means  of  a. 
vacuum  cleaner,  a,  detailed  report  of  which  was  published  elsewhere  (cf. 
Wis.  Medical  Journal,  October,  1908.) 

The  analyses  showed  in  general  the  ofttimes  enormous  bacterial 
contents  of  dust,  and  emphasize  the  importance  of  more  thorough  means 
of  removing  dust  from  the  rooms  of  public  buildings  in  particular.  The 
vacuum  system  of  cleaning  has  proved  itself  to  be  of  such  unquestioned 
superiority  that  the  old-fashioned,  inefficient  and  highly  dangerous 
broom  and  duster  method  should  no  longer  be  tolerated. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


43 


ADDENDA. 

It  seems  necessary  at  this  time  to  again  call  attention  to  some  very 
pressing  needs  of  the  Department  laboratories.  There  can  be  no  question 
that  within  the  last  few  years  the  laboratories  of  the  Health  Department 
have  been  developed  more  nearly  to  what  they  should  be  for  a city  the 
size  of  Milwaukee.  The  force  in  the  milk  inspecting  department  has  now 
been  increased  to  five  men,  which,  while  it  does  not  satisfy  the  absolute 
needs  of  the  city,  yet  certainly  has  greatly  strengthened  the  working  effi- 
ciency of  the  Department,  and  I wish  to  take  this  occasion  to  call  especial 
attention  to  the  excellent  work  done  by  Dr.  Schoen,  City  Chemist,  and 
the  milk  inspectors,  James  Cunningham,  Harry  Keihl,  Charles  Steffen 
and  Jacob  Seibert,  who  are  associated  with  him  in  this  particular  work. 

In  the  Bacteriological  Department,  on  the  other  hand,  although  the 
amount  of  work  has  been  more  than  doubled  and  increasing  demands 
are  constantly  made,  no  corresponding  assistance  has  been  furnished 
While  it  should  seem  unnecessary  to  go  into  details  concerning  this  mat- 
ter, yet  it  appears  advisable  to  point  out  some  of  the  conditions  which 
may  serve  to  prove  that  help  here  is  absolutely  needed. 

At  the  present,  time,  the  Bacteriologist  is  employed  not  only  in  the 
capacity  of  a bacteriologist,  for  which  he  is  engaged,  but  is  forced  to 
act  also  as  his  own  assistant,  preparing  culture  media,  and  stains,  clean- 
ing glassware,  etc.,  as  well  as  to  play  the  part  of  a clerk,  attending  to 
daily  a considerable  amount  of  clerical  work,  which  takes  up  not  a little 
of  the  time  needed  for  actual  and  very  necessary  laboratory  work.  The 
plethora  of  routine  work  ofttimes  makes  necessary  a,  hurry,  which  not 
only  increases  the  risk  of  a naturally  dangerous  work,  but  also  is  likely 
to  make  for  hazardous  inaccuracy  in  the  examinations.  It  is  absolutely 
impossible  at  the  present  time  to  take  up  any  special  work  without 
neglecting  some  other  equally  as  important  routine  laboratory  work. 

Without  dilating  further  on  the  minutia,  of 'this  matter,  we  hope  that 
the  necessity  for  help  in  the  Bacteriological  Department  may  be  sufficient- 
ly clear,  and  that  the  needed  relief  may  be  shortly  supplied. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

GEORGE  C.  RUHLAND,  M.  D., 

Bacteriologist. 


44 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTH. 


MONTH. 


o 

CJ  "2 
fci  a 
a 


Sg 

a 2 


a ■o 


January  

238 

61 

20 

13 

1 

6 

1 

59 

399 

F'phrnary  

154 

57 

14 

6 

1 

1 

19 

252 

March 

163 

92 

27 

10 

2 

17 

311 

April  

105 

100 

5 

4 

3 

11 

3 

18 

249 

May  

185 

77 

20 

6 

3 

6 

4 

12 

313 

June  • • 

122 

83 

20 

6 

2 

6 

4 

23 

266 

July  . . 

93 

66 

11 

6 

6 

5 

33 

220 

August  

56 

68 

16 

8 

1 

5 

5 

43 

202 

Spptpmhpr  

49 

72 

14 

6 

2 

2 

18 

163 

October  

129 

80 

11 

6 

4 

15 

2 

23 

270 

November 

199 

76 

17 

10 

4 

3 

114 

543 

December  

319 

73 

10 

4 

4 

3 

37 

330 

Total  

1812 

905 

185 

85 

25 

55 

35 

416 

3518 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


45 


DIPHTHERIA. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

Negative. 

Total. 

January  

101 

137 

238 

February  

48 

106 

154 

March  

60 

103 

163 

April  

44 

61 

105 

May  

75 

110 

185 

J une  

54 

68 

122 

.Tilly  

16 

77 

93 

August  

15 

41 

56 

September  

9 

40 

49 

October  

34 

95 

129 

N ovember  

59 

140 

199 

December  

101 

218 

319 

Total  

616 

1196 

1812 

46 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MONTH. 


January  . 

February 

March  . . 

April  . . . 

May 

June 

July 

August  . . 
September 
October  . 
November 
December 


Total 


SPUTUM. 


Positive. 

1 

Negative. 

Total. 

25 

36 

61 

22 

35 

57 

40 

52 

92 

41 

59 

100 

36 

41 

77 

28 

55 

83 

29 

37 

66 

34 

34 

68 

22 

50 

72 

37 

43 

80 

25 

48 

73 

29 

47 

76 

368 

537 

905 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


47 


TYPHOID. 


1 

MONTH. 

Positive. 

1 

Negative. 

j Atypical. 

Total. 

January  

4 

13 

3 

20 

February  

3 

9 

2 

14 

March  

4 

16 

7 

27 

April  

2 

2 

1 

5 

May  

3 

14 

3 

20 

June  

3 

13 

4 

20 

July  

1 

9 

1 

11 

August  

5 

4 

7 

16 

September  

2 

8 

4 

14 

October  

1 

8 

2 

11 

November  

5 

2 

3 

10 

December  

5 

8 

4 

17 

Total  

38 

106 

41 

185 

48 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


PARA  TYPHOID  AND  COLON. 


MONTH. 

Positive. 

Negative. 

Atypical. 

Total. 

January  

9 

4 

13 

February  

4 

2 

6 

March  

2 

5 

3 

10 

April  

4 

4 

Mav  

4 

2 

6 

June  

4 

2 

6 

July  

5 

1 

6 

A ngnst  ....  

6 

2 

8 

SpptpmhfM*  

4 

2 

6 

Drtnhpi*  

4 

2 

6 

November  

3 

1 

4 

December  

8 

2 

10 

Total  

2 

60 

23 

85 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


49 


January  . 
February 
March  . . 
April  . . . 

May  

June 

July  .... 
August  . . 
September 
October  . 
November 
December 


Total 


MILK. 

Limit  250,000  per  c.c. 


MONTH. 


Above. 


Within. 


Total. 


2 4 0 


8 

5 

3 

2 

3 


5 


28 


3 

1 

3 

4 
2 


10 


27 


11 

6 

6 

6 


15 


55 


50 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


MONTH. 

Animal 

Inoculation. 

Bacteriolog- 
ical Exami- 
nation of 
Water  and 
Ice. 

Miscellaneous. 

Total. 

January  

2 

6 

53 

61 

February  

1 

1 

59 

61 

March  

1 

1 

19 

21 

April  

2 

17 

19 

May  

3 

3 

18 

24 

J une  

3 

4 

12 

19 

July  

2 

4 

23 

29 

August  

5 

33 

38 

September  

1 

5 

43 

49 

October  

2 

2 

18 

22 

November  

4 

2 

23 

29 

December  

4 

3 

37 

44 

Total  

23 

38 

355 

I 

416 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


51 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  AND  MICROSCOPIC  EXAMINATIONS. 
' ' By  Years. 


1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908  ' 

Diphtheria  

382 

384 

383 

329 

752 

809 

s 2031 

1812 

Sputum  

117 

292 

323 

414 

439 

679 

779 

905 

Blood  

81 

56 

97 

291 

301 

331 

442 

270 

Milk  

97 

161 

55 

Miscellaneous  

106 

37 

82 

327 

505 

641 

439 

476 

Total  

686 

711 

925 

1561 

1 

2007 

2557 

3852 

3518 

52 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHEMICAL  LABORATORY 

George  C.  RuMand,  M.  D.,  Bacteriologist : 

Sir — I herewith  submit  report  of  the  work  done  in  the  Chemical 
Laboratory  during  the  year  1908. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

CHARLES  M.  SCHOEH,  M.  D., 

Chemist. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


53 


MILK  INVESTIGATIONS. 

Number  of  milk  dealers  licensed  during  the  year 1,530 

Total  samples  of  milk  analyzed  in  1908 8,640 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  8,640  samples 3.77^ 

Number  of  samples  below  3^  butter  fat 343 

Per  cent,  below  3e£ 3.97^ 

Number  of  samples  from  the  street 4,024 

Average  per  cent,  of  4,024  samples  from  the  street 3.67^ 

Number  of  samples  below  3^  from  street 256 

Per  cent,  below  3^, 6.36^ 

Number  of  samples  from  the  depots 3,808 

Average  per  cent,  of  3,808»  samples 3.87 ^ 

Number  of  samples  below  3<g 62 

Per  cent,  below  3 ^ 1.63^ 

Number  of  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals 818 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  818  samples 3.75^ 

Number  of  samples  below  3^ 25 

Per  cent,  below  3fe 3.06^ 

Number  of  samples  of  cream  tested 4,033 

Average  per  cent,  of  4,033  samples 21.09^ 

Number  of  arrests  made  in  1908 27 

Amount  of  fines  imposed $371.00 

Quarts  of  milk  confiscated  in  1908 1,216 

Quarts  of  cream  confiscated  in  1908 426 

Quarts  of  cream  returned  in  1908 800 

Quarts  of  milk  returned  in  1908 320 

Dealers  warned  in  1908 189 

Number  of  licenses  revoked 4 

Number  of  licenses  refused 2 

Milk  depots  in  city  inspected 1,050 

Dairies  outside  of  city  inspected 202 

Farms  inspected  179 

Cow  barns  visited  and  owners  ordered  to  sell  cows 37 

Farms  visited  for  suspected  cases  of  contagious  disease 8 


54 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHEMICAL  ANALYSES  FOR  YEAR  BY  MONTHS. 


January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

— 

June. 

July. 

■ 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milk  

1 

456 

478 

490 

1 

514 

445 

1000 

1113 

842 

860 

1018 

785 

639 

8640 

Cream  

241 

237 

257 

317 

381 

365 

419 

363 

303 

380 

350 

420 

4033 

City  water  .... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

9 

'Well  water  . . . 

4 

2 

11 

59 

28 

15 

10 

12 

15 

7 

4 

167 

Miscellaneous  . 

61 

3 

2 

5 

2 

1 

3 

4 

4 

3 

33 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


55 


LAKE  WATER  ANALYSES. 
Parts  per  100,000. 


1 1 
1 • 1 
| Chlorides  | 

1 

Nitrates  | 

1 

Nitrites 

1 

| Free 
Ammonia 

I Alb.  1 
Ammonia 

1 Oxygen 
Consumed 

1 

1 

.65  ' 

None  | 

None 

.001 

.003 

.18 

<•> 

.55 

None 

None 

.0015 

.003 

.185 

3 

.55 

None 

None 

.0015 

.003 

.18 

4 

. 65 

Trace 

None 

.001 

.0025 

.18 

B 

.60 

Trace 

None 

.001 

.002 

.185 

0 

. 65 

Trace 

None 

.001 

.0025 

.185 

rr 

. 65 

Trace 

None 

s 

. 65 

Trace 

None 

.001 

.002 

.19 

!'  

.60 

Trace 

None 

.001 

.00.5 

.19 

REPORT 

OF 

REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS. 


; l \ 


REPORT  OF  REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL 
STATISTICS 


G.  A.  Fading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health: 

Sir — I have  herewith  the  honor  of  submitting  the  thirty-second 
annual  report  of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  for  the 
year  ending  December  31,  1908. 


DEATHS. 


During  the  past  year  there  were  4,454  deaths  recorded  representing 
an  annual  death  rate  of  12.37  per  thousand  population  as  against  4,637 
deaths  for  the  year  1907,  when  the  death  rate  was  13.25. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  by  years  since 


1869  together  with  the.  officially 

estimated  population  and  death  rate. 

Population.  Total  Deaths.  Rate  per  1,000. 

1870 . . . . . : 

71,440 

1,495 

20.93 

1871 

75,000 

1,452 

19.36 

1872 

79,500 

2,022 

25.43 

1873 

83,000 

1,878 

22.62 

1874 

87,000 

1,939 

22.29 

1877) 

91,500 

1,506 

16.46 

1876 

95,000 

2,128 

22.40 

1877. 

100,000 

2,198 

21.98 

1878 

105,000 

1,584 

15.09 

110,000 

1,978 

17 . 98 

1880 

115,587 

2,390 

20.68 

1881 

122,000 

2,697 

22.10 

1882 

130,000 

2,729 

20.99 

1883 

138,000 

2,532 

18.35 

1884 

147,000 

2,768 

18 . 83 

1885 

156,000 

2,796 

17.92 

1886 

165,000 

2,021 

18.31 

1887 . 

175,000 

3,257 

18.61 

1888.  . 

185,000 

2,426 

18.52 

195,000 

3,188 

16.35 

1890 

204,468 

3,747 

18.33 

1891 

214,000 

4,689 

21.91 

1892 

223.000 

4,516 

20 . 25 

60 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


1893 

232,000 

4,462 

19.23 

1894 

241,000 

4,253 

17.64 

1895 

250,000 

3,885 

15.54 

1890 

260,000 

3,904 

15.00 

1897 

275,000 

3,606 

13.11 

1898 

280,000 

3,338 

11.92 

1899 

285,000 

3,843 

13.48 

1900 

290,000 

4,026 

13.88 

1901 

295,000 

3,833 

12 . 99 

1902 

300,000 

3,797 

12.65 

1903 

4,091 

12.99 

1904 

325,000 

4,182 

12.87 

1905 

335,000 

4,084 

12.19 

1906 

345,000 

4,632 

13.42 

1907 

350,000 

4,637 

13.25 

1908 

360,000 

4,454 

12.37 

The  following  table  will  show  the  deaths  from  the  more  important 
causes  for  the  past  fifteen  years.: 


Cause  of  Death. 

1894 

1895 1 
1 

1896| 

1 

1897 

1898 

1899  1900 
1 

1901 

1902 

1 1903 
1 

1 1904 
1 

1 1905 
1 

1 1906 
1 

1 1907 
1 

1908 

Typhoid  Fever 

70 

63 

46 

31 

46 

47 

59 

63 

48 

54 

43 

68 

98 

84 

i 

55 

Measles  

69 

1 

29' 

36 

2 

26 

36 

17 

36 

1 

16 

4 

34 

5 

18 

Scarlet  Fever  

12 

5 

4 

3 

2 

36 

70 

16 

10 

9 

41 

24 

11 

20 

17 

Whooping  Cough  . . . 

69 

60 

15 

19 

53 

9 

46 

21 

49 

43 

6 

24 

30 

16 

35 

Diphtheria  

237 

179 

198 

106 

61 

109 

124 

100 

85 

64 

58 

43 

65 

85 

70 

Pulm'y  Tuberculosis. 

354 

288 

335 

346 

316 

372 

373 

400 

320 

362 

428 

403 

416 

376 

377 

Cancer  

107 

139 

158 

164 

166 

194 

196 

206 

208 

212 

224 

206 

234 

230 

218 

Meningitis  

107 

82 

96 

70 

108 

123 

72 

93 

93 

90 

71 

82 

95 

93 

97 

Apoplexy  

90 

90 

108 

92 

107 

120 

139 

160 

144 

181 

171 

166 

189 

210 

194 

Convulsions  

250 

239 

246 

191 

127 

144 

140 

124 

94 

132 

162 

158 

185 

180 

152 

Organic  Heart  Dis. . . 

143 

161 

185 

212 

190 

228 

227 

197 

254 

295 

360 

362 

367 

405 

391 

Bronchitis  

169 

181 

189 

193 

182 

173 

180 

176 

230 

184 

157 

146 

183 

170 

147 

Pneumonia  

245 

271 

237 

239 

227 

281 

299 

272 

280 

456 

493 

351 

530 

469 

434 

Diarrhoeal  Diseases . . 

348 

323 

298 

244 

350 

400 

439 

322 

340 

286 

303 

287 

377 

306 

379 

Nephritis  

| 77 

95 

106 

110 

106 

132 

121 

132 

156 

167 

179 

190 

200 

212 

203 

Congenital  Debility . . 1 

415 

364 

347 

217 

194 

244 

323 

290 

234 

314 

357 

332 

360 

445 

395 

1 

Senile  Debility 

1124 

116 

108 

123 

1 84 

69 

78 

115 

92 

106 

160 

158 

159 

144 

162 

Suicides  . 

46 

48 

58 

62 

62 

49 

59 

59 

69 

74 

68 

72 

67 

89 

86 

Accidents  

1 119 

145 

143 

125 

116 

155 

152 

166 

188 

186 

175 

163 

209 

260 

182 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


61 


The  following  table  will  show  the  total  deaths,  deaths  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age,  deaths  of  children  from  one  to  five  years  of  age, 
total  deaths  among  children  under  five  years  of  age  to  the  total  deaths. 

Per  cent 
under  Five 


Deaths. 

Under 

One  to 

Total  under 

to  Total 

Total 

One  Yetr. 

Five  Years. 

Five  Years. 

Deaths. 

1892 

4,516 

1,479 

744 

2,223 

49.2 

1893 

4,462 

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

4,253 

1,441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

3,885 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

1,297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897 

3,606 

1,077 

425 

1,502 

41.6 

1898 

3,338 

1,010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

1,113 

428 

1,541 

40.1 

1900 

4,026 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

3,933 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

963 

390 

1,353 

35.6 

1903 

1,103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

1904 

4,182 

1,106 

385 

1,491 

35.6 

1905 

4,084 

1,088 

323 

1,411 

34.5 

1906 

4,632 

1,261 

421 

1,682 

36.3 

1907 

1,207 

338 

1,545 

33.3 

1908 

1,252 

378 

1,630 

36.6 

69,542 

20,637 

7,575 

28,212 

BIRTHS. 

There  were  9,499  births  reported  during  the  year  1908  past,  repre- 
senting an  annual  birth  rate  of  26.4  per  thousand  population,  against 
9,369  births  reported  during  the  year  1907,  with  a birth  rate  of  26.7. 

MARRIAGES. 

There  were  3471  marriages  reported  during  the  year  1908. 
ACCIDENTS. 

There  were  2825  accidents  reported  during  the  year  1908. 

FRANK  E.  DARLING,  M.  D., 

Registrar  Vital  Statistics. 


TABLE  A. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Diphtheria  during  the  year  1908. 


62 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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TABLE  B. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  during  the  year  1908. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


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Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  o-f  and  deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever  during  the  year  1908. 


64 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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TABLE  D. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases,  of  and  deaths  from  Measles  during  the  year  1908. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


65 


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TABLE  E. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Small  Pox  during  the  year  1908. 


66 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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3 X 

3 H- 

1 s 

> a 

> a 

3 4 
IS 

32 

3.2 

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5 s 

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t 

s 

52 
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Total  

On  t nf  r*itv  ........ 

Mistake  in  diagnosis^ 

o 


Grand  total 


TABLE  F, 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  during  the  year  1908. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


67 


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TABLE  G. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Tuberculosis  during  the  year  1908. 


68 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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WARD. 

First  

Second  

Third  

Fourth  

Fifth  

Sixth  

Seventh  

Eighth  

Ninth  

Tenth  

Eleventh  

Twelfth  

Thirteenth  

Fourteenth  

Fifteenth  

Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  

Twentieth  

Twenty-first  

Twenty-second  

Twenty-third  

Total  

TTnsnitals  

: 

: 

« 

Showing  Deaths  from  Typo-hid  Fever  for  28  Years,  1881-1908  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


69 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  2. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  and  Croup  for  28  Years,  1881-1908  Inclusive. 


70 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line^Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


71 


CHART  NO.  3. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  28  Years,  1881-1908 

Inclusive. 


8 

1881 

1882 

co  •'y  in  v 

OO  00  00  c 

00  00  2 c 

lOOO 

1887 

00  o 
oo  a 

l § 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

8 

00 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1 

1 

1 

i 

K 

i 

_ 1908 

125 



100 

75 

■ _ 

50 

1 

IS 

It 

n 

25  l 

1 » 

* 

if 

I 

n 

ii 

J 

I 

III 

Ei 

11 

i 

11 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

i 

i 

I 

B 

Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Measles  for  28  Years,  1881-1908  Inclusive. 


72 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


oi  i-I  o 


8 


o 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  for  28  Years,  1881-1908  Inclnsi 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


73 


8 


O 


o 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


74 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  NO.  6. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Bronchitis  for  28  Years,  1881-1908 

Inclusive. 


250 

225 

■200 

175 

150 

125 

100 

?5 

>0 

25 

0 


Ik 

w 

• 

1 

k 

/ 

V 

f; 

> 

Jl 

k 

N 

\ 

s 

r 

V 

J 

•v 

V 

if) 

s 9/ 

-2 

V 

J 

\ 

n 

s 

'i 

/ 

s 

V 

A 

r 

J 

V| 

V 

Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  7. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Pneumonia  for  28  Years,  1881-1908  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


75 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  8. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Consumption  for  28  Years,  1881-1908  Inclusive. 


76 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SSS3S££S;S8S 

CGOOOOCOOOOOOOCQOO 


per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  shows  Deaths  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


CHART  NO.  9. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diarrhoea  for  28  Years,.  1881-1908  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH 


77 


Black— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line— Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  shows  Deaths  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


78 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  NO.  10. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Apoplexy  for  28  Years,  1881-1908 

Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. . 
Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


Showing  Deaths  from  Convulsions  of  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


79 


• 

t. 

i. 

1, 

t 

L 

\ 

1 \ 

v i 

\ t 

4 

f \ 

A 

A 

V 

t 

k 

r 

\ 

k 

V 

A 

"T 

V 

A 

r 

V 

\ 

r 

“V 

* 

/■ 

*v 

> 

/' 

\ 

V 

/ 

V 

Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


80 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  No.  1 — Showing  the  Number  of  Deaths,  According  to  Cause. 

Annual  Death  Bate  per  1,000  for  the  Year  was 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — All  Causes  

4454 

2437 

2017 

2357 

1410 

672 

15 

2056 

712 

1676 

General  Diseases  

967 

521 

446 

*438 

413 

111 

5 

348 

219 

| 400 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

55 

37 

18 

35 

20 

15 

9 

31 

18 

9 

9 

18 

17 

1 

17 

11 

6 

16 

1 

8 

8 

i 

35 

IS 

17 

35 

33 

9 

70 

39 

31 

69 

1 

55 

11 

4 

8.  Grippe  

35 

11 

24 

6 

15 

14 

3 

6 

26 

9.  Dysentery  

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemia  Infection — j 

45 

28 

17 

21 

20 

4 

14 

13 

18 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  I 

377 

217 

160 

175 

182 

18 

' 2 

157 

108 

112 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 1 

58 

31 

27 

36 

18 

3 

1 

26 

14 

18 

14.  Cancer  

218 

99 

119 

14 

137 

65 

2 

8 

43 

167 

15.  Other  General  Diseases | 

39 

21 

18 

13 

19 

7 

12 

1 

23 

Local  Diseases  | 

3206 

1701 

1505 

1785 

877 

537 

7 

1633 

431 

1142 

97 

52 

45 

85 

8 

4 

63 

25 

9 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage I 

194 

110 

84 

23 

102 

78 

“i 

16 

31 

147 

18.  Paralysis  I 

16 

9 

7 

5 

6 

5 

6 

3 

7 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants ' 

152 

89 

63 

152 

141 

10 

1 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System 

60 

37 

23 

20 

35 

5 

16 

18 

26 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

391 

1871 

204 

69 

192 

129 

”i 

61 

77 

253 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System.. 

54 

23 

31 

14 

29 

11 

15 

16 

23 

23.  Bronchitis.  Acute  and  Chronic 

147 

82 

65 

97 

28 

22 

86 

18 

43 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho- Pneumonia. . . 

434 

229 

205 

271 

99 

64 

224 

61 

149 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Resuirat'y  System.. 

70 

35 

35 

37 

22 

11 

27 

17 

26 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs... 

0?0 

193 

180 

373 

355 

14 

4 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs 

” 36 

21 

15 

16 

12 

8 

13 

4 

19 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions... 

36 

17 

19 

8 

19 

9 

5 

9 

22 

29.  Peritonitis  

28 

11 

1 17 

9 

15 

4 

11 

8 

9 

30.  Appendicitis  

37 

181 

19 

20 

16 

1 

10 

14 

13 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System... 

215 

117 

I 98 

95 

93 

26 

"i 

91 

27 

97 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

203 

111 

92 

47 

108 

46 

2 

47 

38 

118 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys... 

24 

10 

1 14 

2 

15 

7 

11 

13 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

13 

13 

i 

12 

' ' 2 

2 

9 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

17 

17 

2 

15 

7 

5 

5 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  ard  Cellular  Tissue... 

’0 

4 

7 

7 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System | 

11 

5 

6 

1 

7 

3 

3 

8 

38.  Hydrocephalus 

5 

9 

3 

5 

5 

39.  Other  Malformations  j 

29 

20 

9 

29 

28 

1 

40.  Congenital  Debility  

395 

230 

165| 

395  j 

394 

1 

41.  Senile  Debility  1 

162 

90 

721 

2I 

44 

104 

2 

21 

iii 

Violence  

279 

215 

64 1 

132| 

120 

24| 

3 

75 

60 

144 

42.  Suicide  

1 S6| 

1 55 

31| 

35 1 

33 

161 

1 2 

23 

14 

49 

43.  Accidents  

182 

| 152 

30 

95 1 

78 

8 

1 

51 

44 

87 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined... 

21 

2 1 

2 1 

2 

! 

45.  Homocides  

1 11| 

’8 

3| 

2| 

9| 

1 

2 

| 8 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


81 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  the  Year  1908.  The 
12.37  on  an  Estimated  Population  of  360,000. 


AGE 


82 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  2 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

j Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

co  Married 

CD 

T3 

O) 

Es 

© 

5 

S 

71 

j*  1 Divorced 

h-L 

^ Milwaukee 

CH 

- U.  S.  other 
2 than  Milw. 

yjk 

00  Foreign 

O.  1 

Total — All  Causes 

389 

192 

197 

179 

General  Diseases  

93 

41 

52 

44 

36 

13 

31 

19 

43 

1.  Typhoid  Fever 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

3 

"h 

9 

8 

”i 

8.  Grippe  

16 

5 

n 

2 

8 

6 

"2 

14 

9.  Dysentery  

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection . . . 

5 

5 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis 

30 

15 

15 

17 

12 

"i 

15 

9 

6 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

5 

2 

3 

4 

1 

4 

1 

14.  Cancer  

19 

5 

14 

3 

11 

'*5 

4 

’is 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases  

270 

134 

136 

123 

92 

55 

109 

39 

122 

16.  Meningitis  

9 

3 

6 

5 

3 

1 

4 

4 

1 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage... 

17 

10 

7 

2 

13 

2 

2 

15 

18.  Paralysis  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

19  Convulsions  of  Tnf^uts.  , T 

15 

11 

4 

is 

i4 

i 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

5 

2 

3 

1 

4 

l 

1 

'3 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

33 

17 

16 

5 

13 

’ii 

3 

5 

25 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic.  ...... 

16 

7 

9 

”8 

4 

'*4 

”6 

3 

7 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia . . 

55 

25 

30 

27 

16 

12 

21 

8 

26 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System.. 

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

Oft  TA? rrhrpfi  o n nnrlPF  2 vrs.  . 

9 

6 

3 

9 

9 

L/itti  1 1 1 vX  <X  cl  11  Cl  Ihli  Uli  uiiuui.  *md  ,y  i w.  . 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

1 

1 

i 

i 

28!  Hemies  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.. 

4 

*2 

2 

3 

1 

"i 

1 

“2 

9Q  Pon'tonitio  

1 

1 

1 

1 

30.  Appendicitis  

4 

*’ 2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

21 

11 

10 

4 

15 

*2 

4 

5 

12 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

11 

4 

7 

3 

5 

3 

4 

7 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. . 

5! 

2 

3 

4 

1 

*2 

3 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  '••• 

6| 

1 

1 5 

6 

”i 

1 

4 

Afhor  Pnornpral  Disaasps 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue . . 

4 

3|  1 

4 

4 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 

1 

1 

i 

QQ  U Tf/1r*Artflnhn1llo 

I . . . 

Other  Ma'f^fltimig  

1 

1 

1 

1 

4-0  Dohilitv  

1 30 

17 

13 

30 

30 

41.  Senile  Debility 

1 13 

5 

8 

2 

11 

'3 

‘io 

Violence  

] 25 

17|  8 

12 

10 

3 

5 

5 

15 

42.  Suicide  

! o 

3 

LA 

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

43.  Accidents  

1 19| 

f 14 

I 5M  11 

I 7 

1 

..1 

3 

4 

12 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

! 1! 

| . . . 

1 1| 

I • • • 

1 1 

• • 1 

| ..  . 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OE  HEALTH. 


83 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  January,  1908. 


AGE 


84 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  3 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — all  Causes  

■132 

248 

184 1 

210 

1 135 

i 86 

1 

174 

78 

180 

General  Diseases  

98 

59 

39 

49 

38 

11 

44 

23 

31 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

2 Malaria  

6 

4 

2 

3 

3 

1 

2 

3 

3.  Small  Pox  . 

4.  Measles  

1 . . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 6 

2 

4 

6 

6 

13 

9 

4 

13 

10 

2 

1 

8.  Grippe  *. | 

9 

| . . . 

1 

| . . . 

8 

1 

3 

5 

1 

3 

5 

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

1 . . . 

| . . . 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection. . . 

8 

6 

2 

3 

3 

2 

2 

3 

3 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

30 

20 

10 

15 

14 

1 

15 

10 

5 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

2 

4 

4 

2 

4 

1 

1 

14.  Cancer  

17 

13 

i 

4 

2 

12 

”3 

2 

2 

13 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases  

324 

180 

144 

157 

92 

75 

128 

53 

143 

16.  Meningitis  

8) 

3 

g 

7 

1 

5 

3 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage...| 

19 1 

16 

3 

3 

9 

7 

3 

'i.6 

18.  Paralysis  

1 1| 

j 

11 

1 

i 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants | 

181 

1 "o'  I 

9i' 

18 

2 

17 

1 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

8 

7 

5 

1 

1 

“4 

3 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

33 

18 

15 

8 

11 

14 

6 

5 

22 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

10 

6 

4 

3 

5 

2 

3 

3 

4 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

25 

12 

13 

13 

8 

4 

12 

2 

11 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. . 

77 

40 

37 

36 

21 

20 

22 

19 

36 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

7 

6 

1 

5 

2 

3 

2 

2 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

12 

6 

6 

4 

1 6 

12 

11 

1 

2 

5 

1 

5 

i 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. . 

29.  Peritonitis  

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

| . . . 

3 

30.  Appendicitis 

2 

1 

| 1 

2 

1 

1 

31 . Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

18  f 

8 

10 

6 

8 

4 

6 

”2 

10 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

17| 

12 

g 

4 

7| 

[ 6 

2 

4 

11 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. . 

ii 

1 

1 

... 

1 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

i| 

1 

1 

... 

1 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2| 

21 

2 

... 

' ‘i 

"i 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

• • •! 

1 1 1 

1 

| . . . 

■ • -1 
. . . | 

I... 

1 1 

... 
1 . . . 

.. . 

!!! 

1 

38.  Hydrocephalus 

1 l| 
1 . . . 1 

1 

”i 

... 

1 

39.  Other  Malformations  

1 . . . 

. . . 

1 . . . 

1 . . . 

! .’ 

40.  Congenital  Debility 

1 32| 

1 18 

141 

I 32!  . . . 

1 31| 

|...| 

1 

41.  Senile  Debility  . I 

| 221 

1 11 

1 m 

... 

7I 

1 15 

1 2 

’26 

Violence  | 

10| 

1 9| 

1| 

41 

51 

1 

2! 

2 

6 

42.  Suicide  

1 Xl 

1 

... 

1 1 ...1 

...1 

... 

1 

43.  Accidents  I 

91 

| | 

81 

I — TT 

1 3j 

1 5| 

1 

1 21 

2 

5 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

1 | 

1 ..  II..  .1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


85 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  February,  1908. 


AGE 


Under  1 Yr. 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3 

3 to  4 

o 

c 

5 to  10 

10  to  15 

15  to  20 

20  to  25 

25  to  30 

30  to  35 

35  to  40 

40  to  45 

45  to  50 

50  to  55 

55  to  60 

60  to  65 

65  to  70 

70  to  75 

75  to  80 

80  to  85 

0 

05 

O 

IO 

CO 

C5 

O 

O 

95  to  100  1 

103 

19 

11 

8 

6,| 

10 

8 

12 

10 

26 

20 

8 

HI 

14 

10|  18 

27|  25| 

22 

28|  22|  111  3 

7 

5 

7 

4 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

4 

6 

14 

2 

8 

1 

5 

3 

1 

5 

).. . 

21 

5 

|. . . 

5| 

3 

2 

4 

1 

1 • • - 

. . . 

| . , . 

1 • • • 

1 

4 

... 

1 • • • 

2 

2 

1 

. . . j. 

. . . 

5 

2 

1 

3 

. . . j. . . 

1 

1 

. . . . . . 

1 

1 

1 

3 

. . . i . . 

j 1 

1 ”i 

1 

1 

1 

3 

"5 

1 
9 

2 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

5 

2 

1 

1 

1 

...  | 1 

3 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 96| 
1 4 
1 • • 

|. . . 

1 

7 

|. . . 

|. . . 

14 1 
1 

4| 

4| 

... 
4 1 

6| 

5 

2 

8 

4 

11 

10 

1 

3| 

7| 

7 

|. . . 

13 ! 

20 1 

22 

20 

24 

21 

11 

3 

1 

| 

1 

1 

3 

4 

1 

2 

4 

2 

ii 

1 

1 

. . . 
|. . . 

1 

1 

|. . . 

|. . . 

1 

1 

2 

1 
1| 
. . . | 

1. . . 

|. . . 

I-  • • 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

12 

I 12 1 

3 

11 

| 

2 

1 

1 

1 

I..3 

4 

1 

1 

8 

2 

1 

1 

5 

8 

2 

1 

4 

1 

6 

i 

5 

1 

2 

3 

5 

1 

1 

5| 

’ 2| 

1 

H 

1 

... 

1 

1 21 

3| 

1 

2 

2 

2| 

1| 

1 

2 

1 4 

1 

6 

2 

...  | 

1 

| 

1 1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

... 
j 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

: ; : 1 

| "*2 1 

1 I 
|. . . 

r 1 

11 

1. . . 

3 

...1 

3| 

3 

3| 

1 

1 

1 

! 2 

..  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

|. . . 

1. . . 

| 

| 

. 

. . . | 

1 

| 

... 

1 • • • 
| 

i . . 

. 

. 

|... 

1. . . 

1 

| 

..  . 

, . j , 

1 

|. . . 

1 1 

j 

i 

| 

i. 

|. . . 

|... 

| 32 
|... 

::: 

1... 

|... 

1 . . 

1 

1 

1 9 

6 

4 

1 

i 

1 

1 1 

! 

| 

! 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 2 

1 

2 

1 • • • 
| 

| 

[ 

i 

1 

1 1 

| 

| 

I 

1 

1 2 

1 . 

1112 

1 

1 2 
1. 

|..  . 

|... 

I.  .. 

86 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  4 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

a 

.to 

’3 

u 

0 

fa 

Total— All  Causes  

438 

236 

102 

239 

134 

641  1J 1 213 

68 

157 

General  Diseases  

90 

51 

39 

38 

41 

10 

1 

30 

18 

42 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2. 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox  

4. 

Measles  

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

5. 

3 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

6. 

4 

1 

3 

4 

4 

4 

2 

2 

4 

3 

1 

8. 

Grippe  

7 

3 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

”4 

9. 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

5 

3 

2 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

36 

24 

12 

12 

21 

2 

*i 

12 

9 

15 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

7 

5 

2 

4 

3 

• • • 

2 

1 

4 

14. 

Cancer  

13 

5 

8 

2 

8 

3 

. • . 

2 

11 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

6 

3 

3 

1 

4 

1 

. . . 

1 

5 

Locai 

. Diseases  

320 

163 

157 

188 

79 

53 

175 

46 

99 

16. 

Meningitis  

6 

3 

3 

5 

1 

3 

2 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage... 

14 

3 

11 

1 

8 

"5 

2 

1 

11 

18. 

Paralysis  

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

19 

ii 

8 

i9 

'is 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System... 

4 

3 

1 

1 

3 

2 

2 

• • • 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease | 

33 

13 

20 

3 

17 

*i3 

2 

6 

25 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

9 

1 

8 

4 

4 

1 

3 

3 

3 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

12 

7 

5 

8 

1 

3 

9 

3 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 

49 

27 

22 

33 

9 

7 

29 

”8 

12 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

8 

4 

4 

4 

3 

1 

3 

2 

3 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 yrs. 

32 

16 

16 

32 

30 

2 

27 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  over  2 yrs . . 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

28.’ 

Hernias  and  Intestinal’ Obstructions. 

3 

2 

”i 

1 

2 

”i 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis  

3 

1 

2 

2 

”i 

. . . 

3 

30. 

Appendicitis  

3 

2 

1 

”2 

1 

. . . 

2 

*’i 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

20 

10 

10 

12 

5 

3 

9 

1 

io 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

18 

9 

9 

3 

12 

3 

4 

7 

7 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. . 

3 

3 

. . . 

1 

2 

. . . 

2 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  ^septiPfem  jg  - - 

2 

2 

2 

2 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue . . 

37! 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38. 

Hydrocephalus  

39. 

Malformations  t , 

7 

6 

1 

7 

7 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

51 

32 

19 

51 

51 

41. 

Senile  Debility  

19 

8 

11 

6 

13 

* * 8 

’ii 

Violence  

28 

22 

6 

1 13 

14 

1 

8 

i 

ie 

42. 

Suicide  

6 

4 

2 

1 4 

2 

1 

2 

3 

43. 

Accidents  

20 

18 

2 

8 

11 

1 

6 

1 

13 

44. 

Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

45. 

Homocide  

2 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

... 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


87 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  March,  1908. 


AGE 


88 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  5 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total- 

— ALL  CAUSES  1 

404| 

202 

202| 

218 

127 

59 

11851 

74 

14.-) 

General  Diseases  I 

80 1 

44 

36 1 

37! 

37 

6 

26 

20 

34 

1. 

3 1 

3 

...  ( 

3 1 

1 

1 

1 

2. 

Malaria  

| . . . | 

| . . . 

. . . 1 

. . . 

3. 

Small  Pox  

| . . . | 

4. 

| 2 

2 

2 

2 

5. 

2 

i 

1 

2 

1 

1 

6. 

4 

3 

1 

4 

3 

1 

7. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

8. 

T 

1 

1 

i 

9. 

Dysentery  

. . . i 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

i . . . i 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

41 

... 

2 

1 2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

321 

19 

13 

15 

17 

12 

10 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

4 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

3 

14. 

Cancer  

19 

8 

11 

2 

11 

”6 

4 

15 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

51 

2 

3 

2 

3 

"2 

3 

Local  Diseases  

310 

149 

161 

173 

85 

52 

154 

11  On 

16. 

Meningitis  

13 

8 

5 

12 

1 

6 

4 

3 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Ilem’rage.. 

25 

13 

12 

3 

13 

”9 

2 

6 

17 

18. 

Paralysis  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19 

Convulsions  of  Infants.. 

14 

8 

6 

14 

13 

i 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

9 

5 

4 

2 

7 

3 

2 

”4 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

41 

16 

25 

10 

16 

is 

8 

14 

19 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  Sys.  . 

4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

21 

13 

8 

i9 

2 

16 

"2 

3 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

42 

24 

18 

27 

7 

‘*8 

24 

4 

14 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  Sys.  . 

5 

1 

4 

2 

3 

1 

4 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

24 

14 

10 

24 

23 

1 

27! 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs. 

4 

2 

2 

1 

3 

4 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

I 4 

1 

3 

i 

1 

2 

i 

' i 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis  

30. 

Appendicitis  

6 

2 

4 

4 

2 

5 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System. 

18 

8 

10 

10 

8 

ii 

1 

6 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

18 

6 

12 

2 

10 

6 

4 

5 

9 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

2 

2 

i 

1 

2 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

4 

4 

l 

3 

1 

2 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 

1 

l 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

| . . . 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

| . . . 

| . . . 

. . . 1 

| . . . 

39. 

Other  Malformations  

4 

1 

3 

4 

4 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  . . 

34 

16 

18 

34 

34 

41. 

Senile  Debility  

13 

7 

6 

1 

4 

8 

1 

12 

Violence  

14 

1 9 

5 

8 

5 

1 

5 

3 

6 

42. 

Snioido 

6 

1 3 

3 

4 

2 

4 

2 

43. 

Accidents  

71 

1 5 

2 

1 4 

2 

1 

1 

3 

3 

44. 

Other  Causes  111  Defined  . 

| . . . ! 

I . . . 

| . . . 

45. 

Homocide  

l ll 

1 1 

I...I 

1... 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


81 ;) 


Sex.  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  April,  1908. 


AGE 


90 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  6 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

9 

Ts 

S 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total — All  Causes  

366 

1 202 

164 

207 

H3 

46 

195 

45 

126 

General  Diseases  

73 

42 

hi 

29 

37 

7 

27 

10 

36 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2. 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox  

4. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5. 

2 

1 

"i 

2 

1 

1 

6 

4 

3 

1 

4 

4 

7. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

8. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9. 

Dysentery  

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

1 . . . 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

32 

19 

13 

10 

*20 

2 

10 

"8 

14 

13. 

Other  forms  of  TiiherrnlosjR 

6 

5 

1 

6 

5 

1 

14. 

Cancer  

16 

6 

10 

i3 

3 

1 

’ *i 

14 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 

2 

1 

’ 'i 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases  

277 

150 

127 

I7i 

68 

38 

161 

32 

84 

16. 

Meningitis  

11 

6 

5 

11 

10 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.. 

14 

9 

5 

1 

7 

6 

2 

1 

ii 

18. 

Paralysis  

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

C’nnynlsinnig  of  Tnfants 

13 

11 

2 

i.3 

1.3 

20 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System. . 

5 

4 

1 

5 

2 

1 

2 

21.' 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

39 

16 

23 

13 

19 

7 

12 

9 

18 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

1 . . . 1 

1 . . • 

. . . | 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

16 

12 

4 

ii 

4 

1 

9 

2 

5 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 

46 

20 

26 

37 

5 

4 

35 

3 

8 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

14 

6 

8 

10 

2 

2 

8 

3 

3 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

15 

9 

6 

15 

15 

27 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

5 

' 2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

"i 

29. 

Peritonitis  

8 

6 

2 

"4 

3 

1 

3 

“5 

• • • 

30. 

Appendicitis  

6 

3 

3 

4 

2 

3 

2 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

21 

13 

8 

9 

10 

“2 

9 

1 

11 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

14 

5 

9 

4 

6 

4 

6 

2 

6 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases  . 

1 

1 

i 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue . . 

37. 

Diseases  of  Lo'enmotor  System 1 

1 

38. 

FTydrorephalns  | 

1 

1 

1 

i 

39. 

Other  Malformations  1 

1 

1 "i| 

1 

1 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  1 

30 

1 17 1 

13 

30 

30 

41. 

Senile  Debility  . I 

14 

1 91 

5 

1 

U 

8 

2 

12 

Violence  1 

16 

1 10| 

6 

7 

8 

1 

7 

3 

6 

42. 

Suicide  1 

4| 

"9I 

4 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

43. 

Accidents  1 

11  1 

2 

6 

5 

5 

”3 

3 

44. 

Other  Causes  111  Defined 

. | 

45. 

Homoeides  1 

U 

1 11 

i 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


91 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  May,  1908. 


AGE 


92 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  7 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

.<u 

V* 

o d 

116 

'CS 

0> 

£ 

o 

s 

~5i 

m Divorced 

a> 

Q> 

3 

ci 

£ 

|167 

^ U.  S.  other 
00  than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total- 

— All  Causes  

353 1 

187 

166 

185 

General  Diseases  

81 1 

43 

38 

45 

29 

7 

38 

13 

20 

1. 

7] 

1 4 

3 

6 

1 

3 

4 

2^ 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox  

4. 

Measles  

4 

4 

4 

4 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever  

6. 

5 

2 

3 

5 

1 5 

1 

1 

1 

| 1 

8. 

1 

i 

. . . | 

1 

1 

9. 

Dvsentery  

... 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

4 

i| 

3 

1 

3 

I 1 

i 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

| 37 

I!  181.19 

| 23 

13 

”i 

1 21 

9 

7 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

7 

1 4 

3 

1 3 

3 

i 

0 

3 

2 

14. 

Cancer  

14 

1 8 

6 

1 1 

8 

5 

1 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 

1 

1 

••1 

1 

Local 

Diseases  

247 

125 

122 

126 

76 

44 

i! 

119 

28 

100 

16. 

Meningitis  

9 

4 

5 

9 

. . | 

7 

1 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage . . 

13 

7 

6 

1 

7 

5 

.. 

1 

2 

10 

18. 

Paralysis  

3 

2 

1| 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

8 

4 

4 

8 

8 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . 

9 

4 

5 

3 

4 

2 

3 

2 

4 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease | 

35 

14 

21 

5 

18 

12 

3 

7 

25 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  Sys . . 

1 3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic. . . . . 

12 

”6 

6 

7 

3 

"2 

!.‘l 

7 

5 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.  | 

29 

17 

12 

18 

7 

4 

. .1 

16 

”3 

10 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respiratory  Sys . . 

1 4 

2 

2 

3 

1 

..1 

3 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yi’s. 

1 3 8 

1 1° 

8 

18 

• • l 

18 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs. 

1 2| 

1 2 

... 

2 

‘ i 

i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.  | 

3 

3 

... 

”2 

1 

..1 

”i 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis  

l 3 

31 

2 

"i 

"i 

2 

30. 

Appendicitis  

4 

*3 

1 

2 

2 

• •l 

”i 

1 

2 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System.  | 

2i| 

9 

12 1 

12 

6 

2 

11 

13 

1 

7 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  I 

90 

12 

10 

5 

12 

5 

.. 

4 

4 

14 

33. 

Other  dis'ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

1 3| 

2 

1| 

2 

1 

1 

2 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2[ 

2 

2 

2 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1| 

1 

i 

• • l 

"i 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

2 

‘ ’ • 1 

2 

1 

1 

..[ 

O 

38. 

Hydrocephalus  

1 . 1 

| . . . 

| . . . | 

I 

39. 

Othpr  "IVtfllfnrrrm  + inrxg  

1 3! 

[ 1 

1 2 [ 

3 

1 3 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

I 27  i 

1 13 

11  | 

27 

l 

27 

41. 

Senile  Debility  1 

nl 

7 

4 1 

1 ••  . 

4 

71 

* 2 

"9 

Violence  

251 

1 19 

6 

14 

11 

... 

.. 

io 

7 

8 

42. 

Suicide  

8 

7 

i| 

5 

1 

4 

3 

43. 

Accidents  

1 17 

12 

5I 

1 n 

6 

9 

3 

5 

44. 

Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

. . . | . . . 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


93 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  June,  1908. 


AGE 


94 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  8 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

a> 

■a 

a 

M 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

O) 

MS 

a 

C3 

£ 

“188 

51 1 

0^ 

• a 
M es 

. 

P*" 

55 

a 

’3 

u 

O 

fa 

121 

Total 

— All  Causes  

364 

214 

150| 

205 

112 

32 

5 

General  Diseases  

79 

34 

45 

31 

33 

14 

1 

23 

21 

35 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2. 

3. 

Small  Pox  i 

4. 

2 

1 

i 

2 

2 

5. 

6. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

7. 

Diphteria  and  Croup 

1 

1 

1 

1 

8. 

Grippe  

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases . . 

1 ■ • . 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection.. 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

33 

15 

181 

17 

14 

*2 

12 

”8 

13 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

14. 

Cancer  

26 

9 

17 

13 

12 

i 

9 

ii 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

6 

3 

3 

’ *3 

3 

"3 

2 

1 

Local  Diseases  

248 

151 

97 1 

|158 

63 

25 

2 

157 

22 

69 

16. 

Meningitis  

13 

8 

5 

l 12 

1 

11 

1 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage... 

13 

8 

5 

' 2 

8 

3 

' 4 

1 

8 

18. 

Paralysis  

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Tnfants  

9 

"4 

5 

9 

9 

20. 

Other  JLoseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

3 

2 

1 

1 . . . 

3 

2 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

20 

13 

7 

1 ..  . 

13 

”h 

”4 

3 

13 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

4 

3 

1 

1 2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

8 

5 

3 

• 7 

1 

6 

1 

1 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 

19 

9 

10 

15 

* ‘4 

13 

2 

4 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

4 

1 3 

1 

1 

2 

"i 

1 

1 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs . 

1 55 

1 31 

24 

55 

54 

1 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

*‘i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

21 

1 1 

* ’i 

l . . . 

* ' 2 

”i 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis  

4 

4 

1 2 

2 

"2 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

! 2 

* * 2 

| 1 

1 

1 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

1 16 

12 

’ ’4 

8 

6 

“2 

8 

”2 

6 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

1 24 

15 

9 

6 

15 

2 

i 

3 

3 

18 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.. 

1 1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicsemia  

1 • . 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 1 

1 

::: 

1 

1 

36. 

Diseases  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 . . . 

1 

i . . . 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

1 3 

| 1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

I . . . 

2 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

1 2 

1 2 

' *2 

2 

1 m 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

I 33 

I 26 

7 

33 

1 32 

i 

41. 

Senile  Debility  

! 8 

1 3 

5 

2 

5 

1 

'*8 

Violence  

1 37 

1 29!  8 

16 

16 

3 

2 

”8 

1 *i2 

17 

42. 

Suicide  

1 14 

1 11 

3 

3 

7 

2 

2 

2 

1 3 

9 

43. 

Accidents  

I 20 

1 16 

4 

13 

6 

1 

6 

1 81  0 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined ! 

45.  Homocide  1 


...  I 

! . . . 

. . . | 

..  .1 

1 2 

1| 

1 3 

• ••I 

1] 

1 2 

COMMISSIONER  OP  HEALTH. 


95 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  July,  1908. 


AGE 


96 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  9 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Total 

— All  Causes  

1 193 1 

187| 

242| 

9l| 

46 1 

11 1213 

40 

117 

General  Diseases  

68 

i 35 

33 

25 1 

29 

14 

.. 

16 

16 

36 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

4 1 

1 3 

1| 

2 

2 

• • 1 

1 

3 

2. 

Malaria  

. . . | 

3. 

Small  Pox  

4. 

Measles  

1 

l| 

i 

| . . . 

11 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever  

. . . | 

6. 

Whooping  Cough  

5 1 

3 

1 5 

4 

1 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

5| 

4 

I | 

5 

3 

2 

8. 

Grippe  

. . . I 

. . . | 

9. 

Dysentery  

. . . 
1 . . . 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases. . . 

I 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection... 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  : 

24 

16 

8 

8 

14 

”2 

6 

6 

12 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

14. 

Cancer  

21 

6 

15 

’ i 

10 

10 

• • • 1 

4 

17 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

2 

1 

1 

l 

1 

2 

Local 

, Diseases  

291 

145 

146 

|205 

55 

30 

1 

190 

29 

72 

16 

Meningitis  

1 1| 

1 

1 1 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage..  . 

10 

’ *4 

6 

1 

3 

6 

”2 

’ *8 

18. 

Paralysis  

19 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

9 

4 

9 

9 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . . 

9| 

5 

4 

4] 

4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

25| 

15 

10 

3i 

l~i 

6 

i 

3 

4 

18 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

5 1 

2 

3 

1 3 

2 

3 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

4| 

4 

”3 

1 

3 

1 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia  . . 

2°| 

14 

8 

19 

* 2 

1 

16 

3 

3 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

1 6| 

3 

3 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  under  2 vrs . 

1 101 1 

45 

56 

101 

95 

5 

1 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs . . 

1 9| 

5 

4 

4 

4 

1 

4 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. . 

1 3| 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis 

1 2| 

1 2 

1 

1 

2 

30. 

Appendicitis  

1 -21 

”i 

| 1 

2 

1 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

1 20| 

1 HI 

1 9 

ii 

7 

2 

9 

2 

9 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  I 

16! 

1 8| 

8| 

1 5 

7 

4 

5 

3 

8 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. . 

1 11 

1... 

1 B 

1 1 

1 

34. 

35 

Othpv  Pn  prnArn  1 Diqpaqpq 

1 1| 

1 1 

| 1 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

U 

1 • • • 

1 

' i 

••• 

1 

37. 

Dioipn  ciPc  nf  T/npomntni’  Svcfprn 

1 21 

1 2 

l 

1 1 1 

| 1 

1 

2 

38. 

UI  UUCUiliU  LUI  Oj  oU  iu 

1 1 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

1 21 

1 2 

| . . . | 

1 2 

1 . . . 

2 

40. 

Congenital  Debility 

1 33! 

I 20 

1 13 

! 33 

1... 

33 

41. 

Senile  Debilitv  

1 7| 

1 3 

1 4| 

••• 

1 

6 

7 

Violence  

1 21l 

1 13 

1 8I 

1 12 

7 

1 2 

7 

5 

9 

42. 

Suicide  : 

71 

2 

5| 

1 4 

2 

1 

. . I 

3 

1 

3 

43. 

Accidents  

1 14| 

11 

! 3| 

1 8 

5 

1 

|..| 

4 

4 

6 

44. 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


97 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  Angnst,  1908. 


AGE 


98 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  10 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

VI 

A 

cS 

a> 

Q 

4) 

V 

0) 

£ 

'O 

O) 

c 

<D 

4) 

X 

P 

cd 

other 

Milw. 

a 

wi 

. 

« 

o 

EH 

Male 

ci 

a 

a; 

fa 

W) 

#g 

W 

cd 

a 

o 

2 

5 

0 

t> 

5 

£ 

k-H 

m « 

‘S 

u 

0 

U 

Total — All  Causes  1 

|343| 

© 

© 

1 143 

195 

|103|  44 

1 

179 

59 

115 

General  Diseases  

66 

34 

32 

28 

31 

25 

i3 

28 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

4 

3 

i 

4 

4 

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

6 

3 

3 

6 

5 

1 

9.  Dyspntpry  

• 

10  Other  Epidemic  Diseases . . 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection.. 

5 

3 

2 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

23 

16 

7 

11 

10 

”2 

10 

6 

7 

IS.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

14.  Cancer  

20 

"6 

14 

15 

5 

1 

4 

15 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

3 

3 

3 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases  

243 

137 

106 

153 

56 

33 

1 

145 

31 

67 

16.  Meningitis  

9 

7 

2 

8 

1 

7 

11 

1 1 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage . . . 

18.  Paralysis  

8 

4 

4 

5 

”3 

1 

7 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

8 

5 

3 

8 

7 

1 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System . . 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

3 

2 

1 

j " 3 

3 

30 

16 

14 

’ 5 

14 

11 

6 

4 

20 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

23.  Bronchitis  Acute  nnfl  Phrenic 1 

6 

14 

’ 5 

1 

4 

”ii 

1 

4 1 

1 ”i 

1 1 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho- Pneumonia. 

8 

6 

10 

3 

1 

91 

1 2 

3 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

4 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

| 56 
4 

28 

28 

56 

53 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

"i 

2 

”2 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

29.  Peritonitis  

3 

2 

1 

2 

.’.*1 

1 ! 

2i 

1 

30.  Appendicitis  1 

4 

i 

3 

2 

2 

1 

i 

2 

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System.. 

15 

13 

2 

7 

6 

"2 

6 

3 

6 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  1 

21 

13 

8 

7 

9 

4 

i 

6 

5 

10 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.  | 

3 

1 

1 

1 

35  other  Puerperal  piseases 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue . . 

37  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

i 

1 

1 

1 

39  Other  M^fonD&ti^iis  T T T » T - - * • . 

3 

1 

2 

3 

3 

40  Congenital  Peb^lity  tit 

391 

23 

16 

39 

39 

41  Senile  Debility  

101 

6 

4 

4 

6 

"i 

“9 

Violence  , 

34 

29 

5 

’ii 

16 

4 

‘*9 

5 

20 

42.  Suicide  

71 

5 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

43.  Accidents  

25 

22 

3 

12 

12 

i 

7 

3 

15 

44.  Other  Causes— 111  Defined 

45.  Homocides  1 

2 

2 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


99 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativty  and  Age,  for  September,  1908. 


AGE 


100 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  11 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign 

Totai 

— All  Causes  

j 351 

202 

1 149 

1 172 

131 

46 

2 

149 

64 

138 

General  Diseases  

| 86 

54 

| 32 

35 

43 

7 

1 

28 

24 

34 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

1 9 

4 

; 5 

8 

1 

3 

3 

3 

2. 

Malaria 

1 . . . 

3. 

4. 

5. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6. 

I . . 

1 6 

5 

l 

6 

5 

1 

8. 

9. 

Dysentery  

| . . . 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection . . 

1 2 

2 

2 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

1 37 

19 1 

18 

1 17 

19 

1 

18 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

5 

2 

3 

3 

1 

’i 

2 

2 

1 

14. 

Cancer  

24 

19 

5 

18 

"6 

8 

16 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Local  Diseases  

243 

130 

113 

127 

79 

36 

i 

117 

33 

93 

16. 

Meningitis  

6 

3 

3 

5 

1 

3 

3 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage. .. 

23 

14 

9 

3 

32 

8 

1 

4 

’is 

18. 

Paralysis  

1 . - . 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

14 

! 7 

7 

14 

12 

2 

20 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System..  . 

1 

1 1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

1 31 

161 

15 

8 

15 

8 

5 

‘io 

‘i6 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System. 

5 

2 

3 

2 

21 

1 

2 

1 

2 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

6 

4 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

3 

2 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia  . . 

22 

14 

8 

11 

10 

1 

9 

2 

11 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat'y  System. 

6 

3 

3 

2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

3 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. . 

30 

16 

14 

30 

27 

2 

1 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

2 

1 

1 

2 

”i 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis  .< 

2 

1 1 

1 

2 

’ i 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

1 

| . . . 

1 

* i 

1 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System . . 

16 

1 8 

8 

4 

10| 

2 

6 

2 

8 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

18 

1 141 

4 

4 

121 

2 

5 

21 

11 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. . 

1 

..  .1 

1 

...1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

1 

••  -1 

1 

U 

”i 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

3 

3 

31 

i 

2 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

..  .1 

...1 

37. 

Dispasps  nf  "Lncrvmntnr  System  ....  1 

11 

1 

11 

1 

38. 

Hydrocephalus  

...1 

. . . 1 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

3| 

3 

3 

. . . | 

• • 1 

3 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

361 

17 

19 

36 

. . . 1 

. . 1 

36 

41. 

Senile  Debility  1 

13 II 

1 51 

81 

1 ..  .1 

41 

81 

ii 

"i 

12 

Violence  1 

2 1 

rm 

3 

1 9 

9| 

id 

4 

el 

11 

42. 

Suicide  1 

711 

1 51 

21 

1 2 

3! 

2 

1 

2I 

4 

43. 

Accidents  1 

131 

1 12| 

111  6 

el 

ll 

3 

4l 

6 

44. 

Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

1|| 

HI 

1| 

. . . 1 

..  .1.. 

iT 

45. 

Homocides  1 

111 

1 11 

...1 

1 1 

..  .1 

.. .|..j|... 

...1 

"i 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


101 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  October,  1908. 


AGE. 


102 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  12 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

H l' 

0 Milwaukee 

a 

a J 

49 

co  Foreign 

Total 

— All  Causes  

286 

162 

124 

130 

101 

55 

General  Diseases  

70 

39 

&1 

33 

36 

"T 

-Z7 

T? 

"S3 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2. 

Malaria  

3. 

Small  Pox  

4. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever  

5 

3 

”2 

4 

1 

3 

2 

6. 

Whooping  Cough  

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

11 

7 

4 

11 

8 

3 

8. 

Grippe  

• 

9. 

Dvsenterv  

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection.. 

4 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

3 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

27 

14 

13 

13 

12 

”2 

’i2 

4 

11 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

14. 

Cancer  

16 

8 

8 

“i 

12 

3 

”2 

”3 

11 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Local 

, Diseases  

193 

102 

86 

60 

47 

76 

| 2"9 

88 

16. 

Meningitis  

4 

4 

4 

3 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage . . 

13 

5 

”8 

1 

5 

7 

’ 3 

10 

18. 

Paralysis  

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions:  of  Infants 

12 

8 

’ 4 

12 

io 

2 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

32 

15 

ii 

’ *7 

15 

’io 

”4 

6 

'22 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

8 

5 

3 

6 

2 

1 

2 

5 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

1 io 

5 

5 

’ *4 

3 

3 

4 

1 

5 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 

1 26| 

14 

12 

15 

7 

4 

13 

3 

10 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

26 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs, 

10 

3 

7 

10 

9 

i 

27’. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

1 

1 

1 

"i 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

2 

1 

"i 

”2 

2 

29. 

Peritonitis  

1 3 

3 

"i 

2 

2 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

1 3 

1 

”2 

2 

“i 

1 

2 

31. 

Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System.. 

1 13 

5 

8 

"6 

6 

1 

6 

3 

4 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  • 

1 9 

6 

3 

1 

6 

2 

2 

7 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

1 

1 

1 

35’ 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue* 

37l 

38! 

TTyrlrnpppViJil'us  

i 

1 

1 

1 

39 

Oth^r  Malformations 

3| 

”3 

3 

2 

”i 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

1 19 

13 

’ *6 

18 

1 

19 

41. 

Senile  Debility  

1 15l 

4 

11 

1 • • • 

15 

i.5 

Violence  

1 23| 

ii 

ii 

1 

3 

5 

i" 

42. 

Suicide  

1 10! 

8 

2 

4 

5 

1 

1 1 

2 

43. 

Accidents  

1 1 3 1 

13 

7 

6 

2 

3 

8 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


103 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  November,  1908. 


AGE 


104 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  13 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Sex 

Social  Condition 

Nativity 

Male 

Female 

Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Milwaukee 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

d 

*® 

Sh 

O 

fe 

TOTAL— ALL  CAUSES  

348 

181 

167 

174 

113 

58 

3 

142 

61 

145 

GENERAL  DISEASES  

83 

43 

40 

45 

28 

— &1 

' 2 

hftr 

cl  2 

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

9 

6 

3 

6 

3 

2 

7 

2.  Malaria  

3.  Small  Pox  

3 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

i 

1 

2 

2 

6.  Whooping  Cough  

7.  Diphtheria  and“  Croup 

io 

3 

7 

9 

1 

8 

2 

8.  Grippe  

9.  Dysentery  

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemia  Infection.. 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

36 

22 

14 

17 

16 

2 

1 

14 

io 

12 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

6 

3 

3 

5 

1 

4 

1 

1 

14.  Cancer  

13 

6 

7 

2 

6 

”4 

i 

1 

2 

10 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 

4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

LOCAL  DISEASES  

240 

119 

121 

121 

72 

46 

1 

103 

b4 

i03 

16.  Meningitis  

7 

3 

4 

6 

1 

3 

4 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage... 

25 

17 

8 

5 

'l2 

7 

‘i 

2 

7 

"i6 

18.  Paralysis  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

13 

6 

7 

13 

11 

2 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System... 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

”2 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

39 

18 

21 

5 

23 

11 

5 

”4 

30 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulatory  System 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

11 

6 

5 

10 

1 

7 

“2 

2 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia.. 

33 

17 

16 

23 

8 

"2 

17 

4 

12 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System. 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

11 

9 

2 

li 

ii 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 y'rs.. 

2 

2 

i 

1 

1 

”i 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.. 

2 

2 

” 2 

“2 

29.  Peritonitis  

2 

2 

1 

“i 

2 

30.  Appendicitis  

31.  Other  Diseases  of  Digestive  System.. 

i6 

9 

7 

6 

6 

4 

4 

4 

8 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

15 

7 

8 

3 

7 

5 

4 

1 

10 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Gonito-Urinary  Sys. . 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

1 

i 

i 

1 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.. 

37.  Diseases?  of  Tinpnmntnr  System 

38.  Hydrocephalus  

39.  Other  Malformations  . . 

1 

i 

1 

i 

40.  Congenital  Debility  

34 

is 

19 

34 

33 

‘ i 

41.  Senile  Debility  .." 

15 

7 

8 

5 

io 

1 

’ii 

VIOLENCE  

25 

19 

6 

8 

13 

4 

6 

9 

10 

42.  Suicide  

10 

6 

4 

2 

5 

3 

3 

3 

4 

43.  Accidents  

14 

12 

2 

6 

7 

1 

3 

6 

5 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

45.  Homocides  

i 

i 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


105 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  December,  1908. 


AGE 


106 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  14 — Showing  by  Wards  the  Estimated  Population,  Total 

More  Important  Causes, 


WARDS. 

Population. 

Total  Deaths. 

Annual  Death  Rate. 

Deaths  under  1 year 
of  age. 

Deaths  1 to  5 years 
of  age. 

First  

9700 

83 

8.55 

15 

4 

10300 

123 

11.94 

32 

15 

6000 

80 

13.33 

29 

14 

Fourth  

11400 

128 

11.23 

35 

6 

Fifth  

10800 

155 

14.35 

50 

11 

Sixth  

15500 

166 

10.71 

41 

10 

Seventh  

7400 

76 

10.27 

12 

2 

Eighth  

12000 

110 

9.16 

25 

10 ! 

Ninth  

20400 

172 

8.42 

39 

12 

Tenth  

19200 

180 

9.37 

47 

15 

Eleventh  

30400 

280 

9.23 

114 

31 

T’syplfth  

15800 

161 

10.19 

59 

13 

Thirteenth  

22800 

257 

11.27 

80 

31 

Fourteenth  

28300 

428 

15.12 

211 

53 

Fifteenth  

15000 

162 

10 . 80 

47 

3 

Sixteenth  

11800 

125 

10.59 

20 

7 

Seventeenth  

13500 

152 

11.28 

55 

17 

Eighteenth  

18400 

188 

10.22 

53 

17 

Nineteenth  

14500 

139 

9.58 

26 

15 

Twentieth  

23000 

223 

9.69 

49 

24 

Twenty-first  

17000 

189 

11.12 

44 

18 

Twenty-second  

15600 

167 

10.70 

53 

17 

Twenty-third  

11200 

117 

10.44 

25 

6 

Hospitals  

593 

91 

27 

Tnfa]  

360000 

4454 

1252 

378 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


107 


Deaths,  Animal  Death  Rate  and  Number  of  Deaths  from  some  of  the 
for  the  Year  1908. 


CAUSES  OP  DEATH. 


a 

> 

fa 

s 

O 

fa 

a 

Eh 

Measles. 

Scarlet  Fever. 

Whooping  Cough. 

Diphtheria. 

Small  Pox. 

Tubercular  Diseases 

Cancer. 

Nervous  System. 

Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis. 

Pneumonia. 

Nephritis. 

Diarrhoeel  under  5 
years. 

Violence. 

WARDS. 

1 

1 

11 

3 

12 

18 

1 3 

9 

1 3 

7 

1 5 

First 

1 

2 

1 

14 

16 

18 

1 

15 

5 

10 

11 

Second 

5 

6 

6 

7 

9 

5 

9 

9 

Third 

3 

1 

2 

12 

3 

17 

14 

6 

15 

8 

10 

11 

Fourth 

4 

1 

1 

2 

10 

8 

22 

11 

12 

7 

7 

19 

15 

Fifth 

2 

23 

14 

31 

11 

5 

21 

8 

6 

7 

Sixth 

1 

8 

3 

9 

9 

7 

6 

4 

16 

1 

1 

2 

14 

5 

18 

15 

4 

7 

8 

10 

Eighth 

3 

4 

24 

9 

21 

23 

9 

14 

11 

7 

4 

Ninth 

3 

1 

2 

1 

5 

21 

11 

18 

19 

5 

14 

8 

16 

4 

Tenth 

2 

2 

3 

3 

33 

11 

34 

26 

16 

24 

7 

35 

13 

Eleventh 

1 

4 

4 

17 

4 

15 

11 

12 

14 

7 

21 

7 

Twelfth 

1 

3 

2 

2 

3 

29 

13 

33 

24 

3 

29 

11 

24 

7 

Thirteenth 

5 

6 

1 

9 

39 

13 

32 

19 

22 

49 

17 

84 

11 

2 

1 

1 

21 

13 

23 

20 

7 

12 

8 

6 

3 

Fifteenth 

2 

1 

10 

10 

12 

15 

4 

19 

4 

1 

17 

Sixteenth 

5 

2 

1 

2 

19 

7 

16 

13 

3 

16 

8 

11 

4 

Seventeenth 

2 

4 

2 

3 

12 

7 

16 

23 

5 

20 

13 

9 

11 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

17 

10 

17 

22 

6 

15 

8 

5 

7 

2 

1 

7 

3 

32 

15 

20 

30 

2 

25 

7 

17 

3 

Twentieth 

3 

2 

1 

1 

23 

5 

30 

22 

3 

21 

4 

10 

10 

Twenty-first 

1 

1 

3 

23 

8 

31 

14 

3 

23 

8 

12 

4 

Twenty-second 

2 

5 

8 

9 

9 

16 

3 

14 

8 

8 

8 

Twenty-third 

17 

1 

1 

9 

14 

37 

61 

46 

10 

38 

25 

40 

82 

Hospitals 

55 

18 

17 

35 

1 1 

701... 

fa 

CO 

or 

1 

218 

j519 

1 

1 445 

|'147l 

|434 

CO 

0 

Cl 

379 

1 

279 

I Total 

108 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  15. 


Showing  by  Months  the  Number  of  Deaths  Occurring  in  the  Various 
Public  and  Private  Institutions,  Hospitals,  Reformatories, 
etc.,  for  the  Year  1908. 


HOSPITALS. 

03 

P 

a 

03 

c3 

fe 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

O) 

l 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

8 

2 

2 

' 2 

1 

1 

Milwaukee  

11 

9 

6 

7 

8 

8 

6 

2 

9 

8 

7 

a 

St.  Josephs  

8 

9 

8 

5 

2 

5 

4 

1 

5 

1 

4 

Knowlton  

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

Emergency  

7 

3 

6 

6 

5 

6 

9 

3 

10 

8 

5 

i ^ 

Trinity  

7 

5 

9 

5 

4 

4 

6 

4 

7 

6 

6 

1 7 

Mount  Sinai  

3 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 1 

St.  Marys  .* 

4 

7 

7 

4 

6 

2 

3 

2 

4 

5 

5 

Prot  Home  for  Aged 

2 

1 

1 

Infants  Home 

1 

1 

2 

Isolation  

3 

4 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Notre  Dame 

1 

2 

Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor 

1 

4 

5 

3 

4 

3 

2 

1 

2 

7 

4 

2 

Lake  Side  

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

I 

1 

Hanover  

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

St.  Vincents  

1 

2 

8 

1 

2 

2 

6 

9 

3 

3 

2 

Post  Graduate  

1 

1 

1 

1 

Childrens  

1 

4 

7 

6 

3 

7 

4 

5 

2 

4 

2 

Sacred  Heart  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

11 

House  of  Mercy. . . 

1 

Misericordia 

1 

I 1 

. . . 1 . . . 

1 

I 1 

1 

Total  1 

1 

631 

1 

531 

1 

65  | 

1 

511 

1 

451 

1 

411 

1 

511 

1 

421 

1 

451 

i 

49  | 

43 1 

39 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


109 


TABLE  NO.  16. 

Showing  the  Nativity  of  those  Lying  in  the  City  During  1908. 


UNITED  STATES. 

FOREIGN. 

Milwaukee  1,954 

Wisconsin,  other  than  Milwaukee 450 

New  York  75 

Illinois  48 

Germany  1,110 

Poland  156 

Ireland  99 

England  35 

Pennsylvania  24 

Massachusetts  13 

Michigan  36 

Ohio  21 

Bohemia  41 

Norway  31 

Austria  72 

Canada  27 

Vermont  10 

Indiana  8 

New  Jersey  3 

Kentucky  7 

Iowa  13 

Holland  14 

Russia  30 

Scotland  19 

Italy  12 

Switzerland  13 

Maine  8 

Missouri  8 

Minnesota  10 

Sweden  9 

Wales  3 

Syria  1 

Virginia  1 

Maryland  2 

Louisiana  3 

Tennessee  2 

California  4 

New  Hampshire  6 

Connecticut  3 

South  Dakota  1 

Rh^de  Island  T 1 

Roumania  1 

Denmark  5 

France  3 

Greece  4 

Finland  1 

Belgium  1 

Turkey  1 

Unknown  28 

Alabama  1 

Nebraska  T - * , * T T 2 

Total  1,716 

Mississippi  1 

Georgia  2 

South  Carolina  1 

Long  Island  1 

Nevada  1 

Colorado  1 

U.  S.,  unknown,  not  stated 16 

Total  2,738 

Grand  total  4,454 

110 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  17. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Disposition  in  the  Various  Cemeteries  and 
Otherwise,  of  the  Bodies  of  Those  for  Whom  Burial  or  Removal 
Permits  were  Issued  During  the  Year  1908. 


Cemeteries, 

Etc. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Permits  for 
Still  Births. 

Grand  Total. 

Union  

81 

88 

87 

68 

78 

75 

72 

73 

62 

69 

50 

82 

I 

885 

69 

954 

Forest  Home  . . . 

51 

57 

48 

39 

41 

38 

46 

42 

31 

51 

34 

32 

510 

36 

546 

For.  Home  Cr.  . . 

1 

5 

3 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

25 

25 

Calvary  

92 

108 

109 

116 

90 

83 

89 

95 

80 

91 

79 

94 

1126 

97 

1223 

Polish  Union  . . . 

48 

56 

67 

41 

47 

42 

59 

72 

69 

46 

33 

37 

617 

44 

661 

Pilgrims  Rest  . . 

30 

16 

37 

37 

32 

30 

21 

36 

21 

18 

20 

25 

323 

40 

363 

Wanderers  Rest. 

26 

22 

26 

29 

18 

20 

23 

12 

20 

16 

15 

19 

246 

24 

270 

Trinity  

9 

12 

12 

6 

6 

13 

7 

8 

10 

8 

5 

7 

103 

7 

110 

County  Cem 

2 

2 

2 

3 

7 

6 

5 

7 

5 

6 

3 

3 

51 

28 

79 

Outside  of  Mil . . 

47 

59 

44 

58 

32 

34 

34 

27 

34 

37 

32 

38 

476 

8 

484 

Spring  Hill  

1 

5 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

1 

20 

4 

24 

Second  Home  . . . 

2 

3 

2 

6 

6 

3 

3 

5 

3 

3 

3 

39 

3 

42 

Greenwood  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

8 

3 

H 

Anat.  Purposes . . 

1 

1 

2 

► 

4 

6 

Mt.  Olivet  

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

3 

4 

4 

23 

1 

24 

Total  

391 

432 

GO 

CO 

o 

366 

j353 

364 

380 

343 

352 

284 

348 

4454 

368 

4822 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH, 


111 


TABLE  NO.  18. 


Showing  by  Months  the  Occupations  of  those  Eying  in  the  City  During 

the  Year  1908. 


. 1 

OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

a 

<1 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

8 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

11 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

9 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Blacksmith  

2 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

10 

Boiler  Maker 

1 

1 

Bookbinder  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Bookkeeper  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

7 

Bov  Maker 

1 

1 

Brakeman  

1 

1 

...  | 

2 

Brewer 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

12 

Bricklayer  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Bridgptenrlpr  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Broker  

1 

1 

Broom  Maker  

1 

1 

Brush  Maker 

1 

1 

2 

Butcher  

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

10 

Cabinet  Maker  

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

8 

Candy  Maker  

1 

1 

Carpenter  

2 

8 

8 

5 

2 

2 

5 

2 

5 

2 

2 

6 

44 

Carpet  Weaver  

1 

1 

Chambermaid  

1 

1 

Cigar  Maker  

1 

2 

1 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

16 

Civil  Engineer  

1 

1 

Chemist  

1 

1 

Clerk  

6 

2 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

5 

2 

3 

4 

10 

45 

Coachman  

1 

1 

Collector  

1 

1 

Collar  Maker 

1 

1 

112 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  18— Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

a 

< 

May. 

June. 

tA 

f-S 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

i 

1 

...] 

5 

3 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

12 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

Cooper  

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

10 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

5 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

9 

1 

1 

2 

l^Yprp<5sm  fin  

2 

1 

3 

Factory  Girl 

1 

1 

Farmer  

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

4 

2 

3 

3 

3 

4 

36 

Fireman  

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

13 

Florist 

1 

1 

Foreman  or  Woman.  . 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 

6 

Fruit  Seller  

1 

1 

Furrier 

1 

2 

3 

Gardener 

1 

1 

2 

Gas  Fitter 

1 

1 

1 

1 

vjaugci  

Glove  Maker 

i 

1 

Gi^jscj  w^nrV<1r  - --  -- 

1 

1 

Grocer  - - 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 

2 

1 

9 

Grinder 

1 

1 

Hair  T~)rp<5KPi*  

1 

1 

Harness  Maker  • . 

1 

1 

Hotel  Keeper 

1 

1 

2 

Hatter 

1 

1 

TTnrsp  TYninpr 

1 

1 

House  Keeper  

74 

60 

66 

53 

52 

47 

43 

40 

32 

43 

43 

50 

603 

Tn«ppptr>r  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Tnsnvanpp  Affpnt  

1 

1 

2 

4 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


113 


TABLE  NO.  18— Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

◄ 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

1 

December. 

c2 

% 

EH 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

1 

1 

2 

- 

1 

1 

Laborer  

23 

30 

28 

29 

23 

30 

20 

17 

27 

22 

21 

14 

284 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Machinist  

2 

2 

5 

2 

2 

2 

6 

3 

1 

5 

2 

1 

33 

Mailman  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Manager  

1 

1 

2 

Manufacturer  

4 

3 

1 

3 

1 

5 

1 

1 

19 

Mason  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

Merchant  

6 

7 

1 

3 

4 

2 

2 

1 

4 

8 

4 

5 

47 

Metal  Worker  

1 

1 

Meter  Reader  

1 

i 

1 

3 

Midwife  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Milkman  

1 

1 

2 

Miller  

1 

1 

Milliner  

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Millwright  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Minister  

2 

1 

1 

2 

i 

1 

8 

Missionary  

1 

1 

Motorman  

1 

1 

2 

4 

Moulder  

2 

1 

2 

3 

i 

1 

1 

11 

Musician  

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

6 

None  

24 

27 

23 

22 

10 

10 

20 

24 

17 

27 

15 

15 

224 

Nurse  

1 

1 

Oiler  

1 

1 

Packer  

i 

1 

Painter  

1 

6 

4 

1 

3 

3 

4 

2 

3 

3 

1 

2 

33 

Paper  Hanger  

1 

1 

Pattern  Maker  

2 

1 

1 

4 

Peddler  

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

10 

114 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

S-l 

a 

<1 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

3 

.o 

a 

o 

<i> 

ft 

Total. 

. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

6 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

8 

1 

1 

Roller  

1 

1 

Ruler  

1 

1 

Saddler  

1 

1 

Sailor  

2 

4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

19 

Salesman  

3 

3 

2 

1 

3 

2 

5 

2 

3 

24 

Saloon  Keeper 

3 

2 

1 

4 

2 

3 

5 

1 

4 

1 

2 

28 

Seavenger 

1 

2 

3 

School  Boy  or  Girl 

3 

4 

1 

1 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

19 

Sea  Paptain  

1 

1 

2 

Seamstress  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

10 

Secretary  

1 

1 

Servant  

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

2 

21 

Shipping  Flerk  

1 

1 

Shoe  Maker  

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

5 

17 

Soldier  

1 

1 

1 

3 

Stair-  Maker  

1 

1 

Steam  Fitter 

2 

2 

1 

1 

... 

1 

7 

Stenographer 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 . . . 

5 

Stone  Cutter  

2 

1 

1 

4 

Student 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

3 

13 

Surveyor  

1 

1 

Superintendent  

• 

i 

1 

2 

Switchman 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

10 

Tailor  

1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

20 

Tanner  

1 

1 

2 

1 

5 

Teacher  

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

4 

12 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


115 


TABLE.  NO.  18 — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

l 1 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

O 

0) 

Total. 

Teamster  

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

3 

5 

2 

4 

3 

1 

1 

33 

2 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 
1 
2 

4 
3 
2 
1 

1 

1 

Tinnpp  

1 

1 

2 

1 

Ton]  Maker  

Tobacco  Grower  

1 

Tobacco  Cutter  

1 

nPrunk  Maker  

1 

1 

TTphnlsterer  

1 

2 

Veterinary  Surgeon  

1 

Wagon  Maker  

1 

2 

1 

Watrhman  

1 

2 

2 

Waiter  

1 

Wood  Carver 

1 

1 

1 

Wood  Worker  

Grand  total  

2050 

116 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BIRTHS,  1908 


BIRTHS  1908. 


Table  Showing  Reported  Births,  as  to  Color,  Sex  and  by  Whom  Reported, 

by  Months. 


COLOR,  SEX, 

BY  WHOM  REPORTED. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

1 June. 
I 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

White  

741 

763 

867 

1 

819 

719 

840 

813 

801 

917 

727 

770 

778 

9495 

Negro  

1 

1 

2 

4 

Male  

362 

390 

432 

420 

370 

416 

401 

397 

462 

376 

351 

384 

4761 

Female  

379 

373 

435 

400 

349 

424 

413 

404 

455 

353 

359 

394 

4738 

Physician  

416 

447 

499 

457 

395 

465 

344 

504 

508 

401 

379 

418 

5233 

Midwife  

324 

315 

366 

361 

323 

374 

468 

297 

408 

324 

328 

352 

4240 

Fathers  

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

11 

Mothers 

1 

1 

2 

3 

7 

Other  Persons 

1 

1 

2 

4 

8 

Total  

741 

763 

867 

j 

820 

1 

719 

840 

1 

814 

801 

917 

729 

710 

778 

9499 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


117 


NATIVITY  OF  FATHER. 


January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

117 

124 

137 

134 

122 

144 

140 

135 

145 

Ill 

101 

125 

1535 

116 

141 

166 

158 

130 

138 

146 

165 

163 

132 

128 

148 

1731 

98 

93 

104 

89 

83 

84 

84 

96 

79 

77 

60 

81 

1028 

192 

189 

212 

190 

172 

231 

176 

165 

256 

179 

183 

186 

2331 

200 

207 

232 

225 

194 

227 

255 

226 

258 

215 

223 

227 

2689 

18 

9 

16 

24 

18 

16 

13 

14 

16 

15 

15 

11 

185 

741 

763 

1 1 

867 

820 1 

1 1 

719 

00 

© 

814 

801 

917 

729 

1 

710 1 

778 

9499 

BIRTIirLACE. 


Milwaukee  

Wisconsin  

Others  of  United  States . . 

Germany  

Other  European  Countries 
Unknown  or  not  Stated.. 

Total  


NATIVITY  OF  MOTHER. 


BIRTHPLACE. 


Milwaukee  

Wisconsin  

Others  of  United  States . . 

Germany  * 

Other  European  Countries 
Unknown  or  not  Stated . . 


175 

148 

96 

151 

169 


741 


150 

188 

77 

175 

173 


763 


171 

213 

107 

169 

206 

1 


171 

201 

76 

175 

196 

1 


8671820 


186 

150 

71 

144 

167 

1 


719 


190 

152 

110 

184 

202 

2 


840 


173 

176 

99 

152 

212 

2 


168 

188 

99 

152 

194 


8141801 


191 

219 

71 

209 

223 

4 


149 

149 

88 

154 

189 


917  729 


142 

160 

70 

150 

187 

1 


710 


189 

156 

83 

154 

196 


778 


2055 

2100 

1047 

1969 

2314 

14 


9499 


Total 


118 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BIRTHS  REPORTED  BY  WARDS  FOR  THE  YEAR  1908. 


WARDS. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

>> 

3 

>-a 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

First  

7 

8 

12 

12 

6 

14 

11 

6 

14 

10 

7 

7 

114 

Second  

25 

26 

23 

30 

20 

23 

23 

15 

27 

22 

18 

25 

277 

Third  

12 

3 

9 

16 

12 

16 

17 

5 

19 

13 

* 17 

13 

152 

Fourth  

18 

16 

23 

18 

14 

22 

25 

18 

29 

25 

15 

26 

249 

Fifth  

23 

26 

18 

32 

22 

24 

23 

25 

33 

15 

28 

15 

284 

Sixth  

34 

50 

36 

29 

30 

37 

37 

26 

36 

36 

32 

43 

426 

Seventh  

10 

3 

11 

11 

6 

6 

7 

5 

4 

8 

4 

75 

Eighth  

14 

16 

33 

28 

20 

20 

14 

17 

28 

21 

18 

15 

244 

Ninth  

37 

39 

47 

43 

34 

49 

46 

36 

42 

32 

37 

35 

477 

Tenth  

21 

29 

39 

32 

44 

43 

30 

32 

42 

32 

28 

32 

404 

Eleventh  

70 

77 

101 

60 

69 

82 

83 

70 

87 

54 

47 

81 

881 

Twelfth  

24 

33 

32 

36 

24 

24 

' 33 

33 

48 

26 

40 

31 

384 

Thirteenth  

31 

: 41 

56 

63 

36 

55 

45 

36 

53 

46 

48 

46 

556 

Fourteenth 

119 

' 99 

117 

112 

108 

106 

140 

130 

138 

118 

111 

111 

1409 

Fifteenth  

29 

26 

32 

28 

14 

32 

27 

35 

30 

35 

31 

27 

346 

Sixteenth  

19 

21 

20 

22 

16 

25 

19 

20 

17 

13 

11 

11 

214 

Seventeenth  

41 

45 

34 

32 

35 

35 

39 

34 

41 

33 

36 

26 

431 

Eighteenth  

39 

36 

34 

40 

38 

37 

28 

49 

36 

37 

29 

49 

452 

Nineteenth  

30 

24 

30 

33 

28 

24 

32 

34 

41 

23 

29 

25 

353 

Twentieth  

39 

44 

54 

49 

49 

55 

42 

47 

51 

40 

41 

47 

558 

Twenty-first  

45 

42 

33 

45 

29 

43 

32 

43 

49 

43 

36 

53 

| 

493 

Twenty-second  

25 

32 

38 

24 

37 

43 

37 

40 

31 

25 

28 

41 

401 

Twenty-third  

29 

27 

35 

25 

28 

25 

24 

45 

25 

26 

15 

15 

319 

Total  

I 

741 

J 763 

8671820 

719 

840 

814 

801 

917 

729 

1 

r° 

778 

9499 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


119 


MARRIAGES  1908. 


MONTHS. 


co  o> 
o W 


BOTH  PARTIES. 


BIRTHPLACE. 


Wisconsin 


H 


W 


United 

States. 


H 


W 


Ger- 

many. 


H 


W 


Other 

Euro- 

pean 

Coun- 

tries. 


H 


W 


Given; 

Not 


H 


W 


COLOR. 


Negro. 


H W 


January 
February 
March  . . 
April  . . . 
May 

June  . . . 
July  .... 
August  . 
September 
October  . 
November 
December 

Total 


236 

201 

187 

177 

290 

524 

305 

292 

313 

391 

364 

191 


93 

98 

83 

78 

143 

264 

149 

138 

147 

180 

184 

80 


132 

104 

95 

91 

167 

341 

167 

167 

180 

231 

223 

90 


3471 


1637 


19891 


I 

6131517 


502 


3N3 


715 


10 


26 


120 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  OF  ACCIDENTS  REPORTED  DURING  THE  YEAR  1908. 


KIND  OF  ACCIDEN. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Steam  Railway  

7 

12 

66 

17 

24 

5 

8 

17 

9 

5 

22 

5 

197 

Street  Railway  

2 

16 

5 

4 

2 

9 

10 

54 

63 

3 

7 

35 

210 

Industrial  

139 

132 

91 

81 

131 

94 

172 

144 

65 

117 

62 

186 

1414 

Household  

31 

24 

23 

25 

9 

25 

33 

21 

22 

21 

29 

34 

297 

Miscellaneous  

51 

57 

64 

35 

30 

44 

110 

88 

43 

58 

36 

91 

707 

Total 

230 

241 

249 

162 

196 

177 

333 

324 

202 

204 

156 

351 

1 

1 2825 

REPORT 

OF 

CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR 


REPORT  OF  CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir — I respectfully  submit  for  your  annual  report  the  following 
statement  of  the  work  of  the  Sanitary  Inspectors  for  the  year  ending 
December  31,  1908. 

During  the  year  the  inspectors  made  51,081  written  reports,  includ- 
ing re-inspections. 

The  house-to-house  inspections  by  sub-districts  have  been  continued 
during  the  open  season. 

The  funerals  of  all  victims  of  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever  have  been 
attended  by  an  officer  in  uniform,  to  enforce  the  rules  governing  such 
diseases. 

The  keeping  of  milch  cows  within  the  city  limits  is  now  prohibited 
by  ordinance,  the  enforcement  of  which  will  soon  cause  the  unsightly 
and  offensive  cow  stables  to  disappear. 

The  ordinance  forbiding  the  use  of  wells,  except  artesian,  for  culi- 
nary purposes,  is  being  enforced  as  fast  as  practicable.  2,225  wells  were 
ordered  filled  during  the  year.  Of  these  orders,  1,544  were  obeyed,  619 
are  still  pending  and  62  others  were  dismissed,  analysis  showing  slight 
contamination  or  there  being  no  water  mains  in  the  street. 

The  cases  of  contagious  diseases  were  mostly  of  a,  mild  type  and  few 
in  number  during  the  first  nine  months  of  the  year.  In  October  there 
was  a marked  increase  of  all  contagious  diseases,  and  the  October,  Novem- 
ber and  December  cases  numbered  one-half  of  the  entire  year.  The 
probable  cause  was  the  long-continued  drought. 


CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF  THE 
INSPECTORS. 


124 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SANITARY  INSPECTION  DISTRICTS. 

Ins.  No. 

2 James  M.  Calligan,  4th  Ward  and  office  during  noon  hour. 

3 Ferd.  Mack,  Jr.,  Chief  Disinfector. 

4 Edwin  Schubert,  11th  and  14th  Wards  south  of  Mitchell  St.  and  west  of 
6th  Ave. 

5 C.  Fred  Kruckenberg,  20th  Ward  and  21st  Ward  west  of  7th  St.,  and  2*2nd 
Ward  north  of  Wright  St. 

6 Edward  Seaman,  1st,  7th  and  18th  Wards. 

7 Oscar  E.  Klein,  9th,  19th  and  22nd  Wards  south  of  Wright  St. 

8 Joseph  Derfus,  2nd  and  16th  Wards  and  East  and  West  Side  plumbing. 

9 Peter  H.  McHugh,  10th  and  15th  Wards. 

10  Felix  T.  Michalak,  17th  Ward. 

11  John  Mahkorn,  8th  and  23rd  Wards,  and  11th  Ward  north  of  Mitchell  St. 
and  west  of  11th  Ave. 

12  John  J.  Houlehen,  3rd  and  6th  Wards. 

13  Albert  Fuchs,  5th  and  12th  Wards,  and  South  Side  plumbing. 

14  Sidney  G.  Hartwell,  13th  Ward  and  21st  Ward  east  of  7th  St.,  and  Assist- 
ant Disinfector. 

15  Emil  Olsen,  11th  and  14th  Wards  east  of  11th  Ave. 

16  John  Dolge,  Messenger  and  placarding. 

21  Harry  Keihl,  Laboratory  and  Milk  Inspection. 

22  Jas.  F.  Cunningham,  Laboratory  and  Milk  Inspection. 

23  June  1 — Chas  J.  Steffen,  Laboratory  and  Milk  Inspection. 

24  June  1 — Jacob  Seibert,  Laboratory  and  Milk  Inspection. 

DISTRICTS  FOR  INSPECTION  OF  MEAT. 

Harvey  P.  Clute,  V.  S.,  Chief  Meat  Inspector. 

17  Francis  J.  Carney,  Slaughter  houses,  4th,  5th,  8th,  15th,  16th  and  23rd 
Wards. 

Nov.  1 — Edward  Ortmann  in  place  of  F.  J.  Carney,  deceased. 

18  Philip  Stock,  Commission  houses,  1st,  3rd,  7th  and  18th  Wards. 

19  Edward  F.  Allee,  2nd,  6th,  9th,  10th,  13th,  19th,  21st  and  22nd  Wards. 

20  George  F.  Eisner,  11th,  12th,  14th  and  17th  Wards. 

ORDERS. 

Orders  were  issued  by  this  Department  as  follows: 


Orders  pertaining  to  bakeries,  cleaning,  repairing,  etc 5 

Orders  pertaining  to  meat  markets  and  fish  markets,  cleaning,  repairing,  etc  14 

Orders  pertaining  to  barns  and  dairies,  cleaning,  repairing,  etc 15 

OTders  pertaining  to  plumbing 873 

Orders  to  cease  committing  nuisance 126 

Orders  to  comply  with  tenement  ordinance 66 

Orders  referred  to  Board  of  Public  Works 121 

Orders  referred  to  Building  Inspector 10 

Orders  referred  to  other  city  departments 8 


COMMISSIONER  OP  HEALTH.  125 

Orders  referred  to  Factory  Inspector 13 

Citizens’  complaints  investigated  and  dismissed 992 

Orders  pertaining  to  garbage  and  manure 3,360 

Orders  to  fill  well 2,225 

Orders  pertaining  to  vaults  and  urinals 3,334 

Miscellaneous  orders  1,686 

Arrests  for  violation  of  spitting  ordinance 41 

Arrests  for  violation  of  sanitary  and  food  ordinances 50 

Amount  of  fruits  and  food  stuffs  confiscated,  in  pounds 47,407 

Value  of  confiscated  food  stuffs $3,545.19 

Respectfully  submitted, 

TRUMAN  H.  CURTIS, 

Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 


126 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CLERICAL  WORK  OF  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 


Years  1902  to  1908  (inclusive). 


1908 

1907 

1906 

1905 

1904 

1903 

1902 

♦Complaints  received  

12935 

7432 

7800 

6410 

6316 

6647 

5322 

Call  orders  issued 

3951 

1860 

1447 

1802 

1753 

1681 

955 

Letters  of  warning  issued . . 

1103 

585 

643 

740 

530 

Reinspection  of  promises 

10707 

5036 

Orders  issued  

11216 

5807 

6993 

6360 

6251 

6563 

1933 

Quarantine  notices  issued 

885 

525 

Commitments,  to  Hospitals  .... 

246 

274 

Infectious  disease  cards  filed.  ..  . 

3467 

2597 

Total  

44510 

24116 

16881 

15312 

14850 

| 14891 

11210 

*Of  these  complaints  2228  were  made  by  citizens  to  this  Department.  The  re- 


mainder were  made  by  inspectors. 


GEO.  E.  ADAMS, 

Chief  Clerk. 


REPORTS 

OF 

ISOLATION  HOSPITALS 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  i 


G.  A.  Badmg,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir — I beg  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  1,  18th  Avenue  and  Mitchell  Street,  for  the 
year  1908. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ELLEN  HUME, 

Matron . 


130 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL 
NO.  1 FOR  THE  YEAR  1908. 


ALL  DISEASES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  Jan.  1,  1908 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  year  1908.  . 

Total  number  of  patients  treated 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 

Total  number  of  male  patients 

Total  number  of  female  patients 

Total  number  of  deaths 

Number  of  relatives  admitted 

Total  number  of  days  relatives  boarded 


o 

0 

87 

90 

804 

46 

41 

1 
15 

147 


SMALL-POX. 


Number  of  patients  remaining  Jan.  1,  1908 3 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1908 70 

^Number  of  patients  in  suspected  cases  admitted  during  1908 4 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1908 77 

Number  of  days  of  treatment 721 

Number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  patients  never  vaccinated 52 

Number  of  patients  not  successfully  vaccinated 18 

Number  of  patients  showing  vaccination  scars 4 

Number  of  patients  under  15  years  of  age 32 

Number  of  patients  between  15  and  25  years  of  age 19 

Number  of  patients  between  25  and  50  years  of  age 22 

Number  of  patients  over  50  years  of  age 1 

Number  of  male  patients 39 

Number  of  female  patients 35 

ERYSIPELAS. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  Jan.  1,  1908 None 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1908 13 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1908 13 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 143 

Number  of  deaths 1 

Number  of  male  patients 10 

Number  of  female  patients 3 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


131 


PATIENTS  ADMITTED  BY  MONTHS. 


Month — 

Small-pox. 

Erysipelas. 

Miscellaneous, 
( Suspected 

Total 

January  

4 

2 

Small-pox. ) 
2 

8 

February  

1 

1 

March  

4 

2 

6 

April  

8 

1 

9 

May  

8 

1 

9 

J une  

8 

O 

10 

July  

1 

8 

August  

7 

September  

5 

5 

October  

November  

G 

1 

7 

December  

13 

3 

1 

17 

— 

— 

— 

— — 

Totals  

70 

13 

4 

87 

* Suspected  cases  dismissed  from  hospital  within  a few  days. 

Be  sp  e c t fit  ] ly  subm  itted, 

ELLEN  HUME, 


Matron. 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir — I beg  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  2,  102-104  Seventh  Street,  for  the  year  1908. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ADA  E,  STRAUB, 

Matron. 


134 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPOET  OF  PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL 
NO.  2 FOR  THE  YEAR  1908. 


ALL  DISEASES. 


Number  of  jiatients  remaining  Jan.  1.  1908 15 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1908 159 

Total  number  of  patients  treated 174 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 2063 

Total  number  of  deaths 12 

Total  number  of  male  patients  treated 74 

Total  number  of  female  patients  treated 85 

Number  of  relatives  admitted 15 

Number  of  days  relatives  boarded 107 

DIPHTHERIA. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  Jan.  1,  1908 3 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1908 84 

Number  of  patients  treated  during  1908 87 

Number  of  days’  treatment 830 

Number  of  deaths 10 

Amount  of  anti-toxin  used  during  1908 273,000  c.c. 

Number  of  male  patients 47 

Number  of  female  patients 37 

SCARLET  FEVER. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  Jan.  1,  1908 9 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1908 59 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1908 68 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 1123 

Total  number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  male  patients 28 

Number  of  female  patients 31 


MEASLES. 


Number  of  patients  remaining  Jan.  1,  1908 3 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1908 14 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1908 17 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 106 

Number  of  deaths 2 

Number  of  male  patients 6 

Number  of  female  patients 8 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


135 


MISCELLANEOUS  DISEASES. 


Number  of  patients  remaining  Jan.  1,  1908 None 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1908 2 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1908 2 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 4 

Total  number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  male  patients 1 

Number  of  female  patients 1 

^Number  of  tonsilitis  patients 1 

Number  of  patients  (no  diagnosis) 1 


PATIENTS  ADMITTED  BY  MONTHS. 


Month — 
January  . . . 
February  . . 

March  

April  

May  

June  

July  

August  

September  . . 

October  

November  . . 
December  . . . 

Total  . . 


Diphtheria. 

Scarlet 

Fever. 

Measles. 

Miscel- 

laneous. 

Total 

12 

4 

3 

1 

20 

8 

2 

10 

6 

6 

3 

4 

7 

16 

4 

1 

21 

7 

7 

14 

5 

2 

3 

10 

5 

5 

10 

1 

2 

3 

5 

9 

14 

9 

5 

3 

17 

7 

15 

5 

27 

84 

59 

14 

2 

159 

*Case  admitted  on  erroneous  diagnosis  of  attending  physician. 


Respectfully  submitted, 

ADA  E.  STRAUB, 

Matron* . 


REPORTS 

OF 

REFUSE  COLLECTION  AND  DISPOSAL 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  139 


REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  COLLECTION— 1908. 


Loads.  Tons. 

January  4,372  3,426 

February  3,790  2,321 

March  4,528  3,198 

April  4,324  2,971 

May  4,450  3,022 

June  4,997  3,673 

July  5,081  3,805 

August  5,044  4,433 

September  4,911  4,638 

October  4,328  3,941 

November  4,066  3,564 

December  4,352  3,577 


Total  , 54,243  42,569 

Total  number  small  animals  collected  during  year  (included  in  table  above), 
6,813. 


WM.  O’CONNOR, 

Supt.  Garbage  Collection. 


140 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  CREMATION— 1908. 


Loads.  Tons. 

January  1,206  909 

February  863  505 

March  1,022  583 

April  2,137  1,328 

May  4,430  3,011 

June  4,966  3,653 

July  5,052  3,787 

August  5,015  4,409 

September  4,482  4,611 

October  4,311  3,926 

November  4,046  3,547 

December  4,223  3,555 


Total  41,753  33,824 

JOSEPH  PODDY, 

Chief  Foreman,  Garbage  Crematory. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


141 


DEAD  ANIMALS  REPORTED— i9o8. 


Month — Large  animals  Small  animals. 

January  7 455 

February  10  262 

March  13  461 

April  8 418 

May  2 634 

June  6 656 

July  4 698 

August  8 695 

September  6 483 

October  32  405 

November  3 330 

December  4 389 


Total  *103  **5,886 


*Collected  and  disposed  of  by  private  rendering  companies. 

**This  number  reported  to  Department  office.  The  complete  record  of  actual 
collections  of  small  animals  is  shown  on  the  next  page.  The  difference  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  many  small  animals  are  picked  up  by  the  collector  that  are  not 
reported  to  the  office. 

JAME1S  A.  SKIBA, 

Complaint  Cleric. 


142  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SMALL  DEAD  ANIMALS  COLLECTED  1908 


No.  small 

Months — animals.  Loads.  Tons. 

January  517  21  11 

February  287  11  G 

March  529  21  10 

April  481  19  13 

May  577  23  12 

June  701  28  14 

July  695  28  14 

August  643  26  13 

September  647  26  13 

October  777  31  16 

November  509  20  10 

December  450  18  9 


Total  *6,813  272  141 

*This  number  actually  collected  by  Department.  The  quantity  is  included 
in  the  report  of  garbage  collection. 

GUSTAV  MUELLER, 

Collector  of  Small  Animals. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


143 


GARBAGE  SUMMARY,  1908. 

Compiled  by  A.  B.  Cargill,  Secretary. 


COLLECTION. 


MONTH. 

Loads  garbage  col- 
lected by  city 
wagons. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  delivered  by 
private  parties 
at  hoist. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  small  ani- 
mals collected. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Total  refuse  col- 
lected in  loads. 

Total  tonnage 
of  same. 

January  

4351 

3415 

21 

u 

4372 

3426 

February  

3779 

2315 

11 

6 

3790 

2321 

March  

4507 

3188 

21 

10 

4528 

3198 

April  

4305 

2958 

19 

13 

4324 

2971 

May  

4417 

3003 

10 

7 

23 

12 

4450 

3022 

June  

4964 

3656 

5 

3 

28 

14 

4997 

3673 

July  

5041 

3782 

12 

9 

28 

14 

5081 

3805 

August  

5015 

4417 

3 

3 

26 

13 

5044 

4433 

September  

4874 

4614 

11 

11 

26 

13 

4911 

4638 

October  

4293 

3921 

4 

4 

31 

16 

4328 

3941 

November  

4041 

3550 

5 

4 

20 

10 

4066 

3564 

December  

4330 

3565 

4 

3 

18 

9 

4352 

3577 

Total  

53917 

42384 

54 

1 

44 

272 

141 

54243 

42569 

Number  of  dead  animals  collected  (included  in  above  table)  was  6,813. 


144 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


DISPOSAL  BY  CREMATION. 


MONTH. 

Tons  received  from 
Collection  Dept. 

1 

Tons  small  ani- 
mals received. 

Tons  garbage  deliv- 
ered at  plant 
direct. 

Total. 

January  

900 

1 

8 

909 

Pphriiary  

499 

6 

505 

March  

575 

6 

2 

583 

April  

1322 

6 

1328 

May  

2991 

12 

8 

3011 

June  

3629 

14 

10 

3653 

July  

3758 

14 

15 

3787 

August  

4379 

13 

17 

4409 

September  

4581 

13 

17 

4611 

October  

3900 

16 

10 

3926 

November  

3532 

10 

5 

3547 

December  

3536 

9 

10 

3555 

Total  

33602 

114 

108 

33824 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEARTH. 


145 


DISPOSAL  OTHER  THAN  BY  CREMATION. 


MONTH. 

Loads  delivered  to 
farmers. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  buried. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  small  ani- 
mals to  rendering- 
companies. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Total  loads  refuse 
disposed  of  other 
than  by  cremation 

Total  tonnage 
of  same. 

January  

3154 

2500 

20 

10 

3174 

2516 

February 

2922 

1810 

11 

0 

2933 

1822 

March  

3495 

i 

2013 

21 

10 

3510 

2623 

Apiil  

8 

5/ 

2100 

1031 

13 

2187 

1643 

Ma  v 

28 

19 

28 

19 

iuaJ  

J une 

41 

30 

41 

30 

July 

44 

33 

44 

33 

August  

40 

41 

40 

41 

September  

40 

44 

40 

44 

October  

27 

25 

27 

November  

25 

22 

1 

25 

22 

December  

39 

32 

39 

32 

1 

Total  1 

1 

304 

251 

11737 

8500 

65 

33 

12106 

8850 

146 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TOTAL  KEF  USE  HANDLED 

Loads.  Tons. 


By  Collection  Department 54,243  42,569 

Delivered  to  crematory  direct  by  private  parties 110  108 

Grand  total  54,353  42,677 


COST. 


Collection  and  hoist $ 87,401.35 

Cremation  and  burial 51,947.89 


Total  $139,349.24 

Collection  alone  $ 83,553.39 

Hoist  alone  3,847.96 

Cremation  alone  48,500.90 

Burial  alone  3,446.99 


Total  $139,349.24 

Average  cost  collection  and  disposal  per  ton $ 3.27 

Average  cost  collection  and  hoist  per  ton 2.05 

Average  cost  collection  per  ton 1.96 

Average  cost  hoist  per  ton .11 

Average  cost  disposal  per  ton 1.22 

Average  cost  cremation  per  ton 1 .43 

Average  cost  burial  per  ton .40 


COMPARATIVE. 

Increase  in  garbage  handled  over  1907. 


In  loads  3.331^ 

In  tonnage  6.320^ 

Total  increase  in  garbage  handled  over  1905 47.086^ 

Total  increase  in  cost  of  handling  garbage  over  1905 15.566^ 


A.  B.  CARGILL. 

Secretary. 


COMMISSIONER  OP  HEALTH. 


147 


DISPOSAL  OF  STABLE  REFUSE-1908. 


As  in  1907,  it  was  found  necessary  during  the  spring,  summer  and 
fall  of  1908,  to  assist  stable  owners  in  the  disposal  of  stable  refuse.  By 
an  arrangement  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  Co., 
cars  were  stationed  in  the  Reed  Street  yards  from  May  16  to  November 
30  inclusive,  and  the  public  notified  that  stable  refuse  hauled  there 
would  be  taken  care  of.  A man  was  stationed  at  the  yards  to  properly  su- 
pervise the  work  and  to  keep  a record  of  the  amount  of  refuse  handled. 
The  refuse  was  shipped  in  cars  to  the  county  institutions  and  elsewhere. 

The  following  is  a resume  of  the  work  accomplished: 


Car  loads  shipped 53 

Total  capacity  of  cars 5,355,000  lbs. 

Weight  of  refuse  shipped 2,340,000  lbs. 

or  1,170  tons 

Single  loads  hauled  to  cars .* 1,126 

Double  loads  hauled  to  cars 581 

Estimated  number  of  single  loads 2,278 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


148 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


COAL  USED  AT  GARBAGE  CREMATORY=-i9o8. 


" Total  coal  consumed 5,418,500  lbs.  or  2.70934  tons 

":Total  cost-  of  coal  consumed $10,556.52 

Average  cost  per  ton $3.90 

Amount  of  coal  required  to  burn  1 ton  of  garbage 160  lbs. 

Cost  of  coal  required  to  burn  1 ton  of  garbage $0.31 

Average  amt.  of  coal  used  per  day  (282  days) . .19,215  lbs.  or  9 3-5  tons 
Average  cost  per  day  for  coal  used  (282  days) $37.43 

Coal  used  at  the  crematory  was  for  the  most,  part  Hocking  screened 
lump.  The  early  part  of  the  year  part  of  the  coal  was  Hocking  run 
of  pile. 

*These  figures  are  obtained  by  deducting  from  the  total  amount  and  cost  of 
coal  used  for  garbage  disposal,  as  shown  by  the  Financial  Record,  that  small 
amount  and  the  corresponding  cost  of  coal  used  at  the  farm  and  at  the  plant  for 
blacksmith  purposes.  These  have  been  eliminated,  as  they  do  not  represent  coal 
which  is  used  in  the  burning  of  garbage. 


COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT. 


Showing  cost  of  coal  required  to  burn  one  ton  of  garbage  for  the 
whole  years  during  which  the  present  garbage  plant  has  been  operated. 

Cost 


Year- 

Garbage 
burned  in  tons. 

Cost  of  coal. 

of  coal  per 
ton  garbage. 

1902 

27,175 

$11,738.28 

$ .43 

1903 

23,445 

12,135.23 

.52 

1904 

27,809 

11,879.90 

.43 

1905 

19,196 

10,035.98 

.52 

1906 

35,245 

13,510.88 

.38 

1907 

34,630 

11,902.40 

.34 

1 90S 

33,824 

10,556.52 

.31 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


THIRTY-THIRD 


ANNUAL  REPORT 

OF  THE 

Commissioner  of  Health 


MILWAUKEE 


DECEMBER  31st,  1909 


THIRTY-THIRD 


ANNUAL  REPORT 

OF  THE 

Commissioner  of  Health 


MILWAUKEE 


DECEMBER  31st,  1909 


THE  EDW.  KEOGH  PRESS,  MILWAUKEE 


INDEX 


Page 

Health  Committee,  1909 3 

Officers  and  Employes 5 

Historical 8 

Commissioner’s  Report 9 

Report  of  Secretary 27 

Secretary’s  Financial  Statement 33 

Comparative  Financial  Statement  (1867-1909) 37 

Vaccination  Report  ._.... 39 

Report  of  Laboratories 41 

Tables  Showing  Bacteriological  Examinations 48 

Report  of  Chemist 55 

Tables  Showing  Chemical  Examinations 57 

Report  of  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics 59 

Table  Showing  by  Months  and  Wards  Cases  of  and  Deaths  from 

Infectious  Diseases  65 

Charts  Showing  Deaths  for  29  years  from  Various  Diseases 72 

Table  Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause,  Sex,  Social  Condi- 
tion, etc 84 

Table  Showing  by  Wards,  Population,  Total  Deaths,  Death 

Rate,  Etc 110 

Miscellaneous  Tables  Regarding  Deaths 112 

Tables  Regarding  Births,  Marriages  and  Accidents 122 

Miscellaneous  Reports  127 

Report  of  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector 129 

Report  of  Contagious  Disease  Division 131 

Report  of  Chief  Disinfector 133 

Report  of  Chief  Clerk 134 

Report  of  Chief  Meat  Inspector 135 

Reports  of  Isolation  Hospitals 137 

Report  of  Isolation  Hospital  No.  1 139 

Report  of  Isolation  Hospital  No.  2 143 

Reports  of  Refuse  Collection  and  Disposal 147 

Report  of  Garbage  Collection 149 

Report  of  Garbage  Cremation 150 

Dead  Animals  Reported 151 

Small  Dead  Animals  Collected 152 

Garbage  Collection  Complaints 153 

Garbage  Summary 154 

Disposal  of  Stable  Refuse 158 

Coal  Used  at  Garbage  Crematory 159 

Appendix 161 

Opinion  of  Referee  Joseph  G.  Donnelly  in  Tuberculin  Case 163 

Report  of  Referee  Joseph  G.  Donnell\r  in  Tuberculin  Case 187 


MAYOR 


DAVID  S.  ROSE. 


COnniTTEE  ON  HEALTH 

OF  THE 

COMMON  COUNCIL 
1909 


WILLIAM  F.  KANE, 

HENRY  S.  KLEIN, 

LEANDER  J.  PIERSON, 

AUGUST  E.  BRAUN, 


JACOB  RUMMEL. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES 

OF  THE 

Health  Department  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee 

FOR  THE 

YEAR  ENDING  DECEMBER  31,  1909 


Commissioner  of  Health GERHARD  A.  BADING,  M.D. 

Secretary ALFRED  B.  CARGILL. 

OFFICE 

Medical  Assistants  to  the  Commissioner  of  Health. 

ARTHUR  J.  PATEK,  M.D., 

CHARLES  J.  COFFEY,  M.D., 

LOUIS  F.  JERMAIN,  M.D., 

JAMES  H.  HACKETT,  M.D. 

Other  physicians  are  specially  employed  from  time  to  time  as  vaccinators. 


Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics. 

Chief  Clerk 

License  and  Complaint  Clerk 

Registration  Clerk 

Stenographer  and  Clerk 

Stenographer 


FRANK  E.  DARLING,  M.D. 

GEORGE  E.  ADAMS. 

JAMES  A.  SKIBA. 

MISS  HENRIETTA  WINDFELDER. 

MISS  D AISIE  E.  ALLEN. 

MISS  HATTIE  RAASCH 


MEAT  INSPECTION 

DR.  H.  P.  CLUTE,  Chief. 

DR.  H.  H.  BRYANT,  Asst.  Chief. 

EDWARD  F.  ALLEE, 

PHILIP  STOCK, 

GEORGE  F.  ELSNER, 

EDWARD  ORTMANN. 

SANITARY  FORCE 

T.  H.  CURTIS,  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 
FERD.  MACK,  JR.,  Disinfector. 

JOHN  DOLGE,  Messenger. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES— Continued 


SANITARY  INSPECTORS 

JAMES  M.  CALLIGAN,  Acting-  Asst.  Chief. 

EDWARD  SEAMAN, 

PETER  McHUGH, 

JOHN  MAHKORN, 

C.  FRED  KRUCKENBERG, 

EMIL  OLSEN, 

JOHN  J.  HOULEHEN, 

EDWIN  SCHUBERT, 

SIDNEY  G.  HARTWELL,  FELIX  MICHALAK, 

OSCAR  KLEIN, 

JOSEPH  DERFUS, 

AUGUST  H.  BENGS, 

SYLVESTER  J.  KOCEJA. 

LABORATORY 


Bacteriologist GEORGE  C.  RUHLAND,  M.D. 

Chemist CHARLES  M.  SCHOEN,  M.D. 

Milk  Inspectors HARRY  KEIHL,  JAMES  F.  CUNNINGHAM, 


CHARLES  J.  STEFFEN,  JACOB  A.  SEIBERT. 

ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1 
18th  Ave.  and  Mitchell  St 


Matron MISS  ADDIE  V.  YOUNG 

Janitor EDWARD  SCHEIDERER. 

Cook SARAH  HAEUSLER. 


Nurses,  servants  and  assistant  janitor  also  are  specially  employed  when 
needed  on  account  of  an  increased  number  of  patients. 


ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 

102-104  Seventh  St. 

Matron MISS  ADA  E.  STRAUB. 

Nurse MISS  MARIE  NELSON 

Janitor  and  Ambulance  Driver JOHN  HEIDENREICH. 

Cook JENNIE  HARTWIG. 

Other  nurses  and  servants  also  are  specially  employed  when  needed  on 
account  of  an  increased  number  of  patients. 

GARBAGE  CREMATORY 

Jones  Island 


Chief  Foreman JOSEPH  RODDY. 

Foremen JAMES  O’DONOVAN,  T.  J.  HANNAN. 

Electrician MILTON  ZAHN. 


OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES— Continued 


Blacksmith HENRY  DUELL. 

Blacksmith  Helper LOUIS  SCHIEFER. 

There  are  also  employed  5 cranemen,  6 firemen,  18  stokers,  13  floormen, 
4 scowmen,  1 painter,  1 utility  man.  Bricklayers,  laborers  and  others  are 
employed  from  time  to  time  as  needed. 


GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION 


Superintendent 

Time  Keeper 

Engineer 

Chief  Scowman 

Hoistmen  and  Scowmen . . . . 
Collector  of  small  animals 


Foot  of  Erie  St. 

WILLIAM  O’CONNOR. 

EDWARD  PULLMAN. 

DAVID  GOGGINS. 

PATRICK  POWERS. 

DANIEL  CALVANO,  GEO.  KRAUSE. 

GUSTAV  MUELLER. 


There  are  also  employed  96  collectors  of  garbage.  This  number  varies  as 
the  season  necessitates. 


HISTORICAL 


April,  1877  : Dr.  I.  H.  Stearns  appointed  Health  Officer  for  term  of  one 

year.  Gen.  H.  C.  Hobart,  President  of  Board. 

Office  of  Health  Commissioner  created.  Term,  two  years. 

April,  1878  : Dr.  O.  W.  Wight  appointed  Health  Commissioner  for  term 

of  two  years. 

April,  1880 : Dr.  O.  W.  Wight  re-appointed  for  term  of  two  years.  De- 

signed October,  1881. 

October,  1881 : Dr.  Robert  Martin  appointed  Health  Commissioner,  the 

term  of  office  having  been  extended  to  four  years.  This  appointment  was  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Dr.  Wight. 


April,  1882: 
April,  1886  : 
April,  1890: 
April,  1894: 
April,  1898: 
April,  1902: 
April,  1906 : 


Dr.  Robert  Martin  re-appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  Robert  Martin  re-appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  U.  O.  B.  Wingate  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  Walter  Kempster  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  F.  M.  Schulz  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 

Dr:  F.  M.  Schulz  re-appointed  Health  Commissioner. 
Dr.  G.  A.  Bading  appointed  Health  Commissioner. 


REPORT 


OF 

connissioNER  of  health 


conmssiONER’s  report 


To  the  Honorable , the  Mayor  and  the  Common  Council  of  the  City 
of  Milwaukee : 

Gentleman  : — I have  the  honor  herewith  to  submit  for  your  con- 
sideration the  Annual  Report  of  the  Health  Department,  consisting 
of  the  following:  The  Report  and  Financial  Statement  of  the  Secre- 
tary ; the  Report  of  the  Bacteriological  and  Chemical  Laboratories  and 
Bureau  of  Milk  & Food  Inspection ; the  Report  of  the  Registrar  of 
Vital  Statistics ; the  Report  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  and  Chief 
Clerk ; the  Reports  of  Isolation  Hospitals  Nos.  i and  2,  and  the  Report 
of  the  Garbage  Department  and  Complaint  Clerk,  for  the  year  ending 
December  31,  1909,  being  the  Thirty-third  Annual  Report  of  the  De- 
partment. 

As  in  previous  years,  the  report  of  the  Secretary  contains  a detailed 
statement  of  expenditures  for  each  sub-department  so  as  to  show  the 
exact  amount  of  money  expended  for  supplies  purchased  and  for  work 
performed.  It  will  be  seen  that  in  each  instance  where  there  has  been 
an  increased  expenditure  over  that  in  each  instance  where  there  has  been 
wise  been  an  increase  in  the  amount,  and  a widening  of  the  scope,  of 
the  work  performed.  As  in  preceding  years,  we  have  again  remained 
within  our  appropriation,  and  have  turned  back  into  the  general  fund 
at  the  end  of  the  year  a balance  amounting  to  the  sum  of  $3,854.25.  As 
an  actual  fact,  this  balance  should  be  about  $1,000  less  than  the  amount 
indicated,  which  is  due  to  the  fact  that  accounts  chargeable  against 
the  year  1909  have  been  held  over  for  the  year  1910.  This  affords 
opportunity  to  call  attention  to  what  seems  to  me  to  be  a most  unbusi- 
nesslike practice.  It  is  provided  in  Chapter  5 of  the  General  Ordi- 
nances of  the  city  that  the  City  Comptroller  shall,  on  January  25  of 
each  year,  close  all  the  city’s  accounts  for  the  year  preceding.  It  is 
clear  that  the  25  days  in  January  are  set  aside  for  the  specific  purpose 
of  enabling  departments  and  the  City  Comptroller  to  get  in  all  accounts 
for  the  preceding  year,  so  that  there  may  be  an  exact  accounting  of  the 
year’s  finances.  As  a matter  of  fact,  this  provision  of  the  city  ordi- 
nances is  not  complied  with.  It  has  been  the  experience  of  this  Depart- 


12 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ment  that  requisitions,  for  necessary  materials,  forwarded  near  the 
close  of  the  year,  have  been  held  up.  In  some  instances  the  necessary 
orders,  authorizing  the  purchase  of  these  materials,  have  not  been  re- 
ceived for  thirty  days  after  the  requisitions  were  made.  The  purpose 
was  plainly  to  hold  the  accounts  over  until  the  next  year.  The  mate- 
rials, however,  being  necessary  for  the  Department,  were  delivered  and 
should  have  been  chargeable  in  the  previous  year.  Other  accounts  not 
requiring  requisitions  also  have  been  held  over,  so  that  in  the  year  1909 
very  few  of  the  December  charges  were  included  in  the  expenditures 
for  that  year  but  were  held  over  for  1910.  While  the  amount  involved 
is  not  large,  this  method  is  clearly  unbusinesslike,  bcause  the  so-called 
statement  of  expenditures  for  the  year  is  only  a partial  statement,  and 
the  cash  balance  shown  by  the  Comptroller’s  books  is  misleading.  It 
is  also  clearly  unjust  to  hold  back  accounts  of  this  Department,  which 
has  kept  within  its  appropriation,  and  use  the  money  to  pay  the  deficit 
of  some  other  department,  which,  through  lack  of  proper  management, 
has  exceeded  its  appropriation. 

Perhaps  the  most  serious  objection  to  this  practice  is  that  it  does  not 
enable  departments  to  show  clearly  the  unit  costs.  We  have  found  it 
so  in  figuring  the  cost  per  ton  for  collection  and  disposal  of  garbage. 
By  holding  out  accounts  properly  chargeable  against  the  year  1909*  the 
cost  per  ton  is  made  less  than  it  should  be.  While  the  difference  is 
slight,  still  these  records  could  be  scientifically  correct  if  the  city  ordi- 
nance governing  the  closing  of  the  city's  accounts  was  complied  with. 

By  carefully  perusing  the  Secretary’s  Financial  Statement,  an  exact 
insight  will  be  gained  in  every  expenditure  in  detail,  and  it  will  be  seen 
that  again  the  taxpayer  has  received  a dollar’s  worth  for  every  dollar 
expended.  This  holds  true  particularly  in  the  items  of  the  waste  dis- 
posal account.  As  this  will  be  the  last  year  during  which  the  city  will 
have  made  use  of  the  old  garbage  crematory,  a glance  back  over  the 
financial  history  of  the  plant  will  reveal  conditions  which  forcibly  dem- 
onstrate the  difference  in  management  controlled  by  political  influence 
and  resulting  extravagance,  and  one  based  entirely  on  business  methods 
and  demanding  from  employes  efficiency  and  a day’s  labor  for  a day’s 
wages. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  wages  and  salaries  of  employes  of 
the  garbage  department  have  been  increased  and  equalized  to  make 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


13 


them  commensurate  with  the  kind  of  labor  required,  the  cost  per  ton 
for  collection  and  disposal  has  been  reduced  to  an  extraordinary  ex- 
tent, while  the  amount  of  garbage  collected  and  disposed  of  has  in- 
creased in  the  last  four  years  by  62%.  The  total  increase  in  cost  has 
been  reduced  from  $4.16  per  ton  in  1905  to  $2.98  per  ton  during  1909. 
The  collection  service  given  the  taxpayer  has  been  an  adequate  one, 
which  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  legitimate  complaints-  for  non-col- 
lection amounted  to  an  average  of  5 per  day  for  the  year. 

In  the  early  spring  of  1910,  the  new  300-ton  refuse  destructor,  de- 
signed by  Rudolph  Hering  of  New  York,  will  be  completed.  (While 
the  agitation  for  this  plant  was  begun  bv  the  Department  as  early  as 
1906,  it  was  not  until  this  spring  that  the  contracts  were  awarded,  and 
the  building  is  now  near  completion.)  I firmly  believe  that  with  the 
completion  of  this  new  plant,  Milwaukee  will  have  permanently  solved 
the  waste  disposal  problem.  Already  a large  number  of  engineers  and 
sanitarians  have  visited  the  city  for  the  purpose  of  studying  the  plant, 
and  when  it  is  once  in  operation  it  will  no  doubt  be  looked  upon  as  a 
model  of  its  kind  and  attract  to  our  city  interested  parties  from  all  over 
the  country. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  there  occured  but  comparatively 
few  cases  of  small-pox  during  the  course  of  the  year,  we  again  carried 
on  a systematic  campaign  of  vaccinating  school  children.  It  is  grati- 
fying to  state  that  the  Department  physicians  encountered  less  opposi- 
tion to  this  preventive  measure  than  in  former  years,  and  were  there- 
fore enabled  to  add  to  the  list  of  children  vaccinated  in  previous  years 
the  number  of  11,100.  In  very  few  instances  were  we  compelled  to 
resort  to  the  enforcement  of  the  exclusion  law  on  account  of  the  exis- 
tence of  small-pox  in  a given  school  district,  as  parents  preferred  to 
have  their  children  vaccinated  rather  than  have  them  excluded  from 
school  attendance  for  a period  of  25  days,  as  the  law  provides. 

During  the  course  of  the  year  the  public  school  authorities  estab- 
lished a medical  school  inspection  service,  in  charge  of  a Chief  Medical 
Examiner.  This  inspection  service  is  independent  of  the  Health  De- 
partment, and  therefore  has  jurisdiction  over  public  schools  only. 
While  unquestionably  the  establishment  of  a service  of  that  kind  is  in 
conformity  with  progress  and  of  incalculable  benefit,  it  is  nevertheless 
to  be  regretted  that  means  could  not  have  been  found  to  carry  on  this 
work  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Health  Department,  as  then  it  would 


14 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OE  THE 


have  covered  all  of  the  schools  in  the  city,  public  as  well  as  parochial, 
which  it  must  do  in  order  to  be  of  practical  value  to  the  public  at  large. 
As  I pointed  out  to  your  Honorable  Body  in  a previous  report,  as  well 
as  in  a special  communication  on  the  subject,  such  medical  school  in- 
spection is  to  be  carried  on  primarily  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the 
spread  of  communicable  diseases.  When  we  take  into  consideration 
that  the  parochial  schools  in  our  city  outnumber  the  public  schools,  and 
the  number  of  pupils  attending  these  private  schools  at  least  equals 
that  of  the  public  school  attendance,  it  is  forcibly  brought  home  to  us 
that  the  protection  established  by  this  half-way  measure  is  of  question- 
able value.  This  was  demonstrated  to  us  toward  the  end  of  the  year, 
when  localized  epidemics  of  scarlet  fever  occurred  in  the  south  and 
northwest  portions  of  the  city,  which  epidemic  condition  was  almost 
exclusively  confined  to  pupils  attending  parochial  schools.  Investiga- 
tion carried  on  by  the  Department  disclosed  a large  number  of  children 
in  attendance  at  the  schools  who  were  suffering  from  scarlet  fever  in 
its  various  stages,  some  with  bloody  discharges  from  nose  and  ears 
and  others  in  the  most  pronounced  stages  of  desquamation.  Further 
investigation  revealed  the  fact  that  a large  percentage  of  the  absentees 
were  suffering  from  scarlet  fever,  but  no  physicians  were  in  attendance 
and  consequently  the  cases  had  not  been  reported  to  the  Department. 
This  condition  of  affairs  demonstrated  conclusively  that  medical  school 
inspection  must  be  extended  so  as  to  cover  all  of  the  schools  in  the  city, 
and  secondly  that  educational  means  should  be  employed  to  teach  at 
least  the  growing-up  generation  how  to  prevent  the  spread  of  conta- 
gious diseases.  These  diseases  are  preventable.  However,  they  are 
only  so  with  the  intelligent  co-operation  of  the  public,  which  now,  to 
a great  degree,  is  ignorant  of  even  the  rudiments  of  the  subjects  of  san- 
itation and  prevention  of  disease.  In  this  connection  I wish  to  call  your 
attention  to  the  action  of  the  last  legislature,  which  failed  to  enact  into 
law  a bill  prepared  by  the  State  Board  of  Health  providing  for  instruc- 
tion in  these  subjects  in  the  schools.  It  seems  hardly  credible  that  the 
influence  of  a sect  which  does  not  believe  in  the  existence  of  disease 
should  have  been  sufficient  to  prevent  the  enactment  of  this  important 
legislation,  but  it  is  only  an  example  demonstrating  the  baneful  influ- 
ence on  public  health  a deluded  set  of  people  can  exercise,  and  it  is  high 
time  that  physicians  and  others  rally  to  the  support  of  sanitarians  to 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


15 


check  any  further  action  on  the  part  of  these  people  calculated  to  work 
toward  the  detriment  of  a community  from  a point  of  view  of  public 
health. 

While  the  lack  of  co-operation  on  the  part  of  the  people  with  the 
Health  Department,  in  its  endeavor  to  prevent  the  occurence  of  epide- 
mics of  contagious  disease,  can  be  explained  in  many  instances  by  their 
ignorance  of  the  subject  and  their  failure  to  realize  the  importance  of 
calling  physicians  to  attend  their  sick,  it  is  difficult,  or  rather  impossible, 
to  explain  the  lack  of  co-operation  on  the  part  of  those  who  not  only 
by  training  and  education  are  fully  aware  of  the  danger  they  are  sub- 
jecting others  to,  but  also  are  directly  held  responsible  by  the  laws  gov- 
erning the  practice  of  their  profession.  I refer  to  the  physicians.  The 
records  of  the  Department  show  a deplorable  state  of  affairs  as  far  as 
the  reporting  of  contagious  diseases  by  physicians  is  concerned.  This 
matter  has  recently  been  called  to  the  attention  of  the  Milwaukee  Coun- 
ty Medical  Society.  Some  physicians  seem  to  labor  under  the  impres- 
sion that  they  are  conferring  a favor  on  the  Health  Department  by  re- 
porting these  cases,  when,  as  a matter  of  fact,  it  is  their  absolute  duty 
to  do  so  and  the  law  provides  punishment  if  they  fail  to  do  so.  We 
shall  continue  to  carry  on  a vigorous  campaign  in  the  enforcement  of 
the  law,  and  I hope  we  will  be  able  to  note  a marked  improvement  in 
this  respect  in  the  future. 

The  Department  has  now  under  consideration  a plan  of  increasing 
the  free  distribution  of  diphtheria  anti-toxin.  While  it  has  been  the 
practice  to  distribute  free  anti-toxin  on  requisition  of  a physician  cer- 
tifying to  the  indigency  of  the  patient,  this  distribution  has  largely 
been  for  the  treatment  of  cases  only.  There  is  no  valid  reason  why  we 
should  not  distribute  free  of  charge  anti-toxin  for  immunization  of 
those  members  of  a family,  particularly  children,  who  have  come  in 
contact  with  a case  of  the  disease  and  are  therefore  in  danger  of  con- 
tracting it,  and  thereby  prevent  frequently  the  occurrence  of  the  dis- 
ease in  more  than  one  member  of  a family.  The  function  of  the  De- 
partment is  the  prevention  of  contagious  diseases,  and  it  seems,  there- 
fore, perfectly  legitimate  in  this  manner  to  widen  the  field  of  free  dis- 
tribution of  an  absolute  preventive  preparation.  The  money  expended 
in  this  manner  would  be  for  the  protection  of  the  individual  as  well  as 
of  the  public  at  large,  and  is  therefore  money  well  spent. 


16 


ANNUAL  REPOT 


OF  THE 


There  have  been  gratifying  results  achieved  at  the  hospitals  for  con- 
tagious diseases,  both  as  regards  an  increased  number  of  patients  treat- 
ed as  well  as  the  comparatively  low  mortality  rate.  At  Hospital  No. 
i,  there  were  treated  during  the  course  of  the  year  a total  number  of 
212  patients,  with  no  deaths  resulting.  Of  these  cases,  186  were  small- 
pox, 25  erysipelas  and  1 classified  as  suspected  small-pox. 

At  Hospital  No.  2 there  were  treated  a total  number  of  298  cases, 
as  follows:  Diphtheria,  119,  with  11  deaths;  Scarlet  fever,  160,  with  12 
deaths;  Measles,  12,  with  no  deaths;  Miscellaneous,  7,  with  no  deaths. 

The  good  results  achieved  at  both  hospitals  are  entirely  due  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  matrons  in  charge  and  the  faithful  attendance  of  the 
physicians  having  charge  of  the  institutions.  The  difficulties  they  had 
to  contend  with  can  only  be  appreciated  by  those  who  have  made  a per- 
sonal inspection  of  the  premises.  For  a number  of  years  I have  called 
the  attention  of  your  Honorable  Body  to  the  deplorable  condition  of 
these  contagious  disease  hospitals,  consisting  of  buildings  structurally 
defective  and  in  no  manner  suitable  for  the  purpose  for  which  they  are 
being  used  by  the  city.  The  Board  of  Estimates  has  this  year,  on  my 
application,  set  aside  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  a 
bond  issue  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  modern  buildings,  with  ample 
capacity  to  properly  isolate  and  segregate  the  large  number  of  cases 
of  v’a.}  ious  contagious  diseases  which  we  are  called  upon  to  take  care 
of.  I will  in  the  near  future  introduce  the  necessary  ordinance  provid- 
ing for  this  bond  issue,  and  confidently  hope  that  the  measure  will  pass, 
thereby  relieving  us  of  a situation  which  has  been  a disgrace  to  the 
City  of  Milwaukee  for  a considerable  number  of  years. 

It  is  a great  pleasure  for  me  to  be  able  to  state  at  this  time  that  the 
hospital  for  advanced  cases  of  tuberculosis,  for  which  I pleaded  so 
often,  is  now  nearing  completion  and  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  some- 
time this  coming  spring.  The  location  for  the  hospital  is  an  ideal  one, 
and  as  the  tract  of  land  on  which  it  is  situated  embraces  some  50  acres 
of  land,  there  is  sufficient  available  room  left  for  the  purpose  of  es- 
tablishing tent  colonies  for  incipient  cases,  the  tents  to  be  later  on  re- 
placed by  suitable  permanent  structures.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  De- 
partment to  carry  out  these  plans  as  soon  as  possible,  and  the  city  will 
then  be  well  prepared  to  continue  its  campaign  against  the  dread  disease 
of  tuberculosis.  That  we  have  accomplished  something  in  the  past  is 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


17 


shown  by  the  records.  Milwaukee  now  stands  well  in  the  front  rank 
of  the  cities  carrying  on  a successful  fight. 

Some  progress  has  been  made  in  the  solution  of  our  sewage  dis- 
posal problem.  Every  year,  usually  during  the  winter  and  early  spring 
months,  rumors  gain  a foothold  that  typhoid  fever  is  rampant  in  the 
city,  and  that  the  alleged  epidemic  is  due  to  pollution  of  our  drinking 
water.  These  reports  are  spread  to  some  extent  by  thoughtless  persons 
who  have  no  knowledge  of  the  subject  whatsoever.  As  a matter  of  fact, 
as  I have  pointed  out  in  previous  reports,  the  typhoid  history  of  our 
city  for  twenty-five  years  past  does  not  at  any  time  show  either  a suf- 
ficient number  of  cases  or  a high  enough  death  rate  from  that  disease 
to  warrant  the  conclusion  that  our  drinking  water  has  been  the  causa- 
tive factor,  notwithstanding  the  fact,  as  pointed  out  in  the  report  of  the 
Bacteriologist,  that  at  times  the  water  has  shown  pollution  suspiciously 
near  the  danger  point.  The  time  has  most  certainly  arrived  to  give  this 
subject  the  most  careful  attention  in  order  to  avoid  serious  complica- 
tions in  the  future.  It  is  therefore  gratifying  that  your  Honorable 
Body  has  adopted  my  recommendation  for  the  employment  of  a com- 
mission to  study  the  problem.  This  commission  is  now  at  work  and 
will,  in  the  course  of  a few  months,  undoubtedly  recommend  the  estab- 
lishment of  purification  plants,  and  probably,  in  addition  to  that,  filtra- 
tion of  the  water.  As  this  will  mean  an  extraordinary  expenditure, 
ways  and  means  should  be  found  at  an  early  date  to  provide  the  neces- 
sary funds  so  that  we  may  not  be  hampered  in  the  work. 

The  work  performed  in  the  Bureau  of  Milk  and  Food  Inspection 
has  increased  to  a considerable  extent  over  that  of  last  year.  Particu- 
larly have  additional  results  been  accomplished  in  connection  with 
dairy  farm  inspections,  the  number  having  been  increased  to  520  as 
compared  with  179  during  the  previous  year.  There  has  also  been  an 
increase  in  the  total  number  of  samples  of  milk  and  cream  analyzed. 
As  a result  of  the  establishment  of  a rule  prohibiting  the  sale* of  any 
except  bottled  milk  and  cream  from  stores,  the  general  average  in  the 
percentage  of  butter  fat  has  increased  in  milk  from  3.77  to  3.82%,  and 
in  cream  from  21.09  to  22.52%,  which  are  altogether  very  satisfactory 
averages.  Investigation  of  farms  shows  a general  improvement  in 
sanitary  conditions.  The  dairy  farmer  is  beginning  to  realize  the  im- 
portance of  cleanliness  in  the  production  of  his  products.  The  excellent 


18  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 

training  the  younger  generation  is  receiving  in  the  Agricultural  De- 
partment of  our  University  is  producing  wonderful  results,  and  I be- 
lieve that  as  far  as  purity  of  our  dairy  products  is  concerned,  the  State 
of  Wisconsin  ranks  first  amongst  the  dairy  states. 

The  Department  is  receiving  signal  encouragement  in  its  vigorous 
campaign  for  clean  and  pure  milk,  not  only  in  the  general  improvement 
of  the  product  and  sources  of  production  and  handling,  but  also  in  the 
co-operation  of  the  courts  in  imposing  penalties  for  violation  of  the 
law.  The  recent  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Wisconsin  in  the 
case  of  Joseph  Nowotny  against  the  City  of  Milwaukee  and  the  Com- 
missioner of  Health  definitely  determines  the  power  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Health  on  the  question  of  the  granting  and  revocation  of 
licenses.  The  lower  court  in  this  case  held  that  the  Commissioner  of 
Health  had  not  the  power  to  revoke  licenses.  The  Supreme  Court  re- 
verses that  decision.  The  decision  is  such  an  important  one,  in  that  it 
absolutely  places  the  control  of  the  city’s  milk  industry  in  the  hands 
of  the  health  officer,  that  I take  occasion  to  quote  it  in  part : 

“The  Health  Commissioner  of  Milwaukee  granted  the  relator 
a license  to  peddle  milk  in  said  city  for  one  year ; the  license  being 
by  its  terms  ‘subject  to  revocation’  according  to  the  provisions  of 
the  city  ordinances.  The  license  having  been  in  form  revoked  by 
the  Health  Commissioner,  because  relator  had  been  convicted  of 
selling  impure  milk,  the  relator  brought  an  action  of  certiorari  in 
the  circuit  court,  and  the  action  of  the  commissioner  was  reversed, 
whereupon  the  city  and  the  health  commissioner  appealed  to  this 
court. 

“The  question  is  whether  the  revocation  was  lawful.  In  addi- 
tion to  broad  general  police  powers,  the  common  council  of  the 
city  of  Milwaukee  had  power  under  the  city  charter  ‘to  regulate 
and  restrain  the  sale  of  * * * milk,’  also  to  ‘tax,  license,  regulate 
and  restrain  * * * vendors  of  milk;  to  fix  and  regulate  the 
amount  of  license  under  this  subdivision,’  etc.  Subsections  9 and 
40  of  section  3 of  chapter  4,  Charter  of  Milwaukee,  being  chapter 
184,  p.  31 1,  Laws  1874,  as  amended.  By  chapter  13  of  the  charter 
the  duties  of  the  Commissioner  of  Health  are  defined  and  made 
very  broad  and  sweeping.  He  is  given  power  to  summarily  abate 
nuisances  of  all  kinds,  destroy  diseased  or  infected  food,  clothing, 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


19 


and  other  like  articles,  establish  temporary  hospitals  in  case  of 
epidemics,  and,  in  fine,  to  exercise  very  broad  and  autocratic  pow- 
ers in  all  matters  relating  to  the  conservation  of  the  public  health, 
and  section  16  of  the  chapter  further  provides  that  the  council 
may  ‘further  define’  his  duties  and  pass  such  ordinances  in  aid  of 
his  duties  as  may  tend  to  promote  and  secure  the  general  health 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  city. 

“A  health  officer  who  is  expected  to  accomplish  any  results 
must  necessarily  possess  large  powers  and  be  endowed  with  the 
right  to  take  summary  action,  which  at  times  must  trench  closely 
upon  despotic  rule.  The  public  health  cannot  wait  upon  the  slow 
processes  of  a legislative  body,  or  the  leisurely  deliberation  of  a 
court.  Executive  boards  or  officers,  who  can  deal  at  once  with  the 
emergency  under  general  principles  laid  down  by  the  lawmaking 
body,  must  exist  if  the  public  health  is  to  be  preserved  in  great 
cities.  Lowe  v.  Conroy,  120  Wis.  151,  97  N.  W.  942,  66  L.  R.  A., 
907,  102  Am.  St.  Rep.  983.  It  is  well  said  in  People  v.  Vandecarr, 
175  N.  Y.,  440,  67  N.  E.  913,  108  Am.  St.  Rep.  781  : ‘The  vesting 
of  powers  more  or  less  arbitrary  in  various  officials  and  boards  is 
necessary  if  the  work  of  prevention  and  regulation  is  to  ward  off 
fevers,  pestilence,  and  the  many  other  ills  that  constantly  menace 
great  centers  of  population.’ 

“There  is  nothing  of  greater  importance  relating  to  the  food 
supply  of  a great  city  than  that  the  milk  sold  should  be  pure  and 
wholesome,  and  the  common  council  of  Milwaukee,  realizing  this 
fact,  and  realizing  also  that  it  was  imperative  that  action  should 
be  quick  and  decisive  if  it  is  to  be  efficient,  passed  ordinances  re- 
quiring under  penalties  that  all  milk  sold  must  be  unadulterated, 
must  meet  certain  standards,  and  be  obtained  from  healthy  cows 
fed  upon  wholesome  feed,  and  further  requiring  that  every  milk 
vendor  must  obtain  a license  from  the  health  commissioner,  ‘which 
license  may  at  any  time  be  revoked  by  the  Commissioner  of  Health 
for  violation  of  the  provisions  hereof,  or  for  any  good  or  suffi- 
cient cause.’  We  are  convinced  that  the  council  had  power  to  pass 
the  ordinance  and  vest  the  power  of  issuing  and  revoking  licenses 
in  the  Health  Commissioner  by  virtue  of  the  power  to  ‘tax,  regu- 
late, and  restrain’  the  ‘vendors  of  milk,’  and  to  ‘regulate  and  re- 


20 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


strain  the  sale  of  milk,’  given  to  it  by  the  city  charter.  The  requir- 
ing of  licenses  and  the  reserving  of  the  power  to  revoke  such  li- 
censes, in  case  of  misconduct  or  violation  of  law,  is  well  recognized 
as  one  of  the  most  effective  means  of  regulating  and  restraining  a 
business  that  has  yet  been  discovered,  but  the  power  of  revocation 
would  amount  to  little  if  it  could  not  be  vested  in  an  executive 
officer  or  board  with  power  to  act  quickly.  The  sale  of  infected 
milk  for  a single  hour  might  produce  an  epidemic  of  typhoid  fever 
which  would  sweep  hundreds  to  the  grave.  The  importance  of  re- 
serving in  some  executive  official  the  power  to  revoke  can  hardly 
be  overestimated.  Prosecutions  to  recover  fines  and  penalties  may 
drag  their  weary  lengths  along  for  weeks  and  months,  and  even 
then  prove  ineffective ; but  the  revocation  of  the  license  remedies 
the  evil  and  avoids  the  danger  of  the  spreading  of  disease  at  once. 
It  is  regulation  in  the  most  effective  sense.  We  have  no  hesitation 
in  holding  that,  when  the  city  was  given  the  power  to  license,  re- 
strain, and  regulate  the  sale  of  milk,  it  also  took  power  to  revoke 
licenses,  and  that  it  might  vest  such  power  in  the  Health  Commis- 
sioner, with  the  right  to  exercise  the  same  summarily  and  even 
without  notice.  McQuillan  on  Municipal  Ordinances,  Par.  420, 
and  cases  cited;  Child  v.  Bemus,  17  R.  I.  230,  21  Atl.  539,  12  L. 
R.  A.  57.” 

We  are  at  present  anxiously  awaiting  the  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court  on  another  question  involving  the  constitutionality  of  our  milk 
ordinance.  On  April  1st,  1909.  the  provision  of  our  ordinance  demand- 
ing the  yearly  testing  for  tuberculosis  of  all  dairy  animals  furnishing 
our  milk  supply  became  effective.  As  was  anticipated,  the  provision 
was  attacked  in  the  courts  by  an  aggregation  of  dairymen  organized 
for  that  purpose.  Their  mode  of  procedure  differed  somewhat  from 
that  followed  in  several  other  similar  cases  in  which  the  question  of 
the  constitutionality  of  a provision  requiring  the  tuberculin  test,  was  in- 
volved, as  they  not  only  question  the  city’s  right  to  set  such  a standard 
but  also  the  efficiency  of  the  tuberculin  test  itself. 

The  court  referred  that  particular  portion  of  the  complaint  to  a court 
commissioner  for  a hearing,  it  being  a question  for  expert  testimony 
entirely.  The  city  was  fortunate  to  secure  the  expert  services  of  such 
men  as  W.  H.  Park  of  New  York,  Ravenel  and  Russell  of  Wisconsin, 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


21 


and  Drs.  Mohler  and  Schroeder  of  the  Division  of  Animal  Industry, 
U.  S.  Agricultural  Department.  The  findings  of  fact  of  the  referee 
are  of  such  extreme  importance  and  cover  the  subject  matter  so  thor- 
oughly that  I deem  it  advisable  to  append  them  to  this  report.  The 
Department  is  sustained  in  all  of  its  contentions  not  only  by  the  referee 
but  also  in  the  decision  of  the  court,  which  reviewed  the  findings  and 
covers  also  the  legal  points  involved.  The  case  has  attracted  nation- 
wide attention,  and  we  have  received  requests  for  copies  of  our  milk 
ordinance  from  nearly  every  large  city  in  the  union. 

Meanwhile  a very  large  percentage  of  the  milk  shippers  supplying 
milk  to  the  city  have  had  their  cows  tested  in  conformity  with  the  ordi- 
nance. Hundreds  of  tubercular  cows  have  been  slaughtered,  and  the 
stables  and  premises  have  been  disinfected  and  made  more  sanitary, 
As  a result  the  milk  supply  of  Milwaukee  has  been  improved  by  at 
least  fifty  per  cent.  The  farmers  themselves,  for  the  most  part,  already 
have  begun  to  appreciate  the  advantage  of  the  test  as  an  economic 
measure,  and  have  willingly  and  promptly  obeyed  the  requirements  of 
the  ordinance. 

Ordinances  requiring  tuberculin  testing  however  are  of  no  perma- 
nent practical  value  unless  they  are  supported  by  adequate  state  legis- 
lation. The  last  legislature  has  added  to  the  already  comprehensive 
state  laws  covering  this  subject  another  which  prohibits  the  purchase 
and  sale  of  dairy  animals  unless  accompanied  by  a certificate  of  testing, 
a copy  of  which  must  be  placed  on  file  with  the  Live  Stock  Sanitary 
Board.  This  bill  received  the  support  of  the  above  Board  and  the  Mil- 
waukee Health  Department. 

Wisconsin  now  has  the  most  advanced  laws  on  the  subject  of  bovine 
tuberculosis  of  any  state  in  the  Union. 

The  Department  intends  still  further  to  increase  its  activity  by 
carrying  on  a campaign  of  educating  the  dairymen  by  means  of  the 
so-called  score  card  system  of  inspection.  This  system,  I believe,  has 
a strong  tendency  to  stimulate  the  pride  and  ambition  of  individual 
dairymen  to  secure  a high  rating.  It  will  be  introduced  by  us  this  com- 
ing spring. 

The  reports  of  the  Chemist  and  Bacteriologist  show  a large  amount 
of  work  well  performed.  The  creation  of  the  position  of  laboratory 
assistant  will  enable  the  Bacteriologist  to  devote  a considerable  portion 


22 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


of  additional  time  to  scientific  research  work,  time  heretofore  consumed 
by  routine  and  clerical  work.  We  intend  in  the  near  future  to  also 
widen  the  scope  of  the  chemical  laboratory  by  the  purchase  of  the  nec- 
essary appliances  to  enable  the  Chemist  to  do  more  extensive  work  in 
quantitation  and  qualitation  analyses  of  various  food  products.  While 
this  particular  work  is  carried  on  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  State 
Food  & Dairy  Commissioner’s  office,  we  believe  that  the  city  should  co- 
operate with  the  state  authorities  by  also  doing  systematic  work  along 
these  lines,  and  thereby  furnish  a greater  degree  of  protection  to  our 
citizens  against  food  adulterations. 

An  additional  safeguard  against  the  sale  and  distribution  of  un- 
wholesome or  adulterated  food  should  be  established,  however,  by  the 
extension  of  the  license  system  to  all  places  where  food  articles  are 
manufactured  or  offered  for  sale,  as,  for  instance,  restaurants,  dairy 
lunch-rooms,  fish  and  oyster  houses,  grocery  stores,  candy  kitchens  and 
factories,  etc.  The  practical  experience  of  the  Department  has  been 
that  where  such  license  features  are  not  embodied  in  a law,  and  viola- 
tions are  merely  punishable  by  a nominal  fine,  the  results  achieved  are 
not  of  a permanent  nature.  Our  plan,  therefore,  is  to  bring  about  the 
enactment  of  legislation  embodying  a license  provision  covering  these 
various  establishments  and  lines  of  business.  The  benefits  to  be  derived 
from  such  a system  have  been  amply  demonstrated  in  the  past  in  con- 
nection with  the  milk  business,  and  the  extension  of  the  system  to  the 
meat  industry  last  year  has  enabled  us  also  to  bring  about  sanitary 
improvements  in  this  line  of  business  and  to  better  control  it  as  regards 
the  quality  and  wholesomeness  of  the  product. 

There  were  issued  for  the  year  a total  of  1,332  meat  dealers’  li- 
censes, each  license  being  issued  only  after  careful  inspection  of  the 
premises.  There  were  five  prosecutions  for  violation  of  the  ordinance, 
the  court  in  each  instance  sustaining  the  Department  by  imposing  a 
fine.  Confiscations  under  this  ordinance  amounted  to  121,503  pounds 
of  food  stuffs,  of  a total  value  of  $7,777.70.  This  shows  a fair  begin- 
ning of  activity,  which,  however,  will  be  materially  increased  as  the 
service  is  extended,  which  will  be  done  as  soon  as  the  finances  of  the 
Department  will  enable  us  to  put  into  service  the  full  quota  of  inspec- 
tors, the  intention  being  to  gradually  increase,  particularly  the  post- 
mortem work,  so  as  to  cover  all  of  the  slaughtering  establishments  in 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


23 


the  city.  I would  advocate,  however,  the  enactment  of  legislation 
creating  a state  meat  inspection  service.  There  seems  no  valid  reason 
why  the  services  of  the  State  Food  & Dairy  Commissioner’s  Department 
should  not  be  extended  to  also  cover,  in  part  at  least,  the  meat  business. 
There  are  in  our  city,  as  well  as  no  doubt  in  others,  a certain  number  of 
packers  and  sausage  manufacturers  who  carry  on  an  extended  business 
throughout  the  state.  Just  why  the  municipality  should  bear  the  bur- 
den and  expense  of  an  inspection  system  for  these  houses  does  not  seem 
quite  clear.  The  federal  government  has  under  its  control  all  houses 
carrying  on  interstate  commerce.  The  state  should  similarly  control 
all  houses  doing  a state-wide  business,  and  the  municipality  should  bear 
the  expense  of  providing  a stringent  inspection  service  for  all  houses 
doing  a local  business  only.  In  this  manner  the  burden  of  the  expense 
would  be  equitably  divided,  as  it  should  be. 

Unless  the  state  is  willing  to  co-operate  with  municipalities  in  pro- 
viding its  just  share  of  protection  to  the  people,  it  will  certainly  be  more 
economical  and  better  safeguard  the  health  of  the  consumer  for  the  City 
of  Milwaukee  to  erect  and  maintain  a central  city  slaughtering  estab- 
lishment and  prohibit  indiscriminate  slaughtering  at  other  plants  within 
its  borders. 

The  statistical  record  of  the  Vital  Statistics  and  Contagious  Disease 
Division  of  the  Department  shows  that  the  city  passed  through  another 
year  without  the  occurrence  of  generalized  epidemics  of  any  kind.  The 
reports  of  deaths  and  births,  which  owing  to  the  regulations  of  the  new 
Vital  Statistics  act  have  become  more  accurate  than  ever  before,  show 
what  might  be  termed  a normal  state  for  our  city.  There  were  several 
prosecutions  brought  under  the  law,  one  case  being  for  the  false  report- 
ing of  birth  certificates  by  a midwife,  and  the  other  for  non-reporting 
by  physicians  of  contagious  diseases. 

The  law  passed  by  the  last  legislature  governing  the  practice  of 
midwifery  became  effective  in  December  of  this  year.  This  provides 
for  licensing  of  all  practicing  midwives  after  due  examination  for  fit- 
ness, and  is  a step  in  the  right  direction,  as  it  will  eliminate  a large 
number  of  women  who  are  entirely  unfit  to  attend  to  this  most  import- 
ant branch  of  medical  practice.  When  we  take  into  consideration  that 
approximately  40%  of  all  births  in  our  city  are  attended  by  midwives, 
the  wisdom  of  this  legislation  becomes  apparent.  It  will  no  doubt  also 


24 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


have  the  effect  of  materially  reducing  the  occurrence  of  the  alarming 
number  of  cases  of  blindness  in  the  new-born,  particularly  as  another 
bill  relating  to  this  subject  was  passed  by  the  legislature,  providing  for 
free  distribution  by  the  State  Board  of  Health  among  physicians,  mid- 
wives and  others,  of  instructions  relating  to  the  disease  and  proper 
methods  of  prevention,  empowering  that  Board  to  make  and  enforce 
rules  and  regulations,  and  providing  for  the  reporting  by  midwives, 
nurses  or  parents  of  the  occurrence  of  the  disease  so  that  proper  treat- 
ment may  be  instituted.  Let  us  hope  that  these  measures  will  produce 
the  desired  results. 

The  reports  of  the  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  and  Chief  Clerk  show 
in  detail  the  character  and  amount  of  work  accomplished  by  that  par- 
ticular branch  of  the  service.  We  are  continuing  our  campaign  against 
wells,  privy  vaults  and  unsanitary  housing  conditions.  The  latter  prob- 
lem is  no  doubt  the  most  difficult  to  handle,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  we  have  on  our  statute  books  both  an  ordinance  and  a state  law 
governing  conditions.  These  two  laws,  however,  do  not  cover  condi- 
tions as  they  prevail  to  a greater  or  lesser  extent  in  connection  with 
private  houses — cottages,  for  instance,  which  in  past  years  have  been 
raised  to  construct  additional  basement  room.  We  find,  especially  in 
the  fourteenth  ward,  innumerable  basement  dwellings  constructed  in 
this  manner  which  are  both  unsanitary  from  lack  of  light  and  ventila- 
tion, as  well  as  overcrowded.  They  do  not  come  under  the  provisions 
of  the  tenement  laws,  and  it  is  therefore  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  for 
the  Department  to  prevent  or  correct  the  conditions  mentioned,  in  the 
absence  of  a proper  building  code,  of  which  the  city  is  sorely  in  need. 

There  have  been  35  prosecutions  for  violations  of  the  anti-spitting 
law,  the  court  in  each  instance  fining  the  offender  in  sums  ranging  from 
one  to  five  dollars  and  costs.  The  Milwaukee  Electric  Railway  & Light 
Co.  now  furnishes  the  Department  with  free  transportation  for  plain 
clothes  inspectors  detailed  from  time  to  time  to  enforce  the  ordinance 
on  street  cars,  for  which  courtesy  due  credit  is  given  herewith.  Were 
the  Police  Department  to  co-operate  with  us  in  our  necessarily  spas- 
modic attempts  to  curb  the  filthy  habit,  our  sidewalks  would  very  soon 
cease  to  present  an  appearance  that  is  disgusting  to  a degree.  The  in- 
spection report  shows  further  details  of  the  work  accomplished. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


25 


There  are  certain  matters  that,  while  not  under  the  direct  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Health  Department,  are  so  closely  related  to  it  that  it  is 
pertinent  to  comment  upon  them ; for  instance,  the  smoke  evil  and  the 
dust  nuisance.  The  enforcement  of  the  so-called  smoke  ordinance  has 
resulted  in  a diminution  of  the  evil  to  some  extent.  The  punishment 
provided  for  violations,  however,  up  to  a recent  period  of  time,  has  been 
so  inadequate  that  manufacturers  and  other  violators  of  the  smoke 
ordinance  have  paid  but  very  little  attention  to  the  law.  For  that  rea- 
son, the  minimum  amount  of  the  fine  imposed  for  violation  has  re- 
cently been  increased  to  $25.00.  In  order,  however,  to  achieve  results 
in  the  enforcement  of  this  law,  it  is  necessary  to  have  the  co-operation 
of  the  court,  which  we  have  not  had  to  any  extent  up  to  the  present  time, 
the  practice  of  the  court  having  been  to  dismiss  all  violators  on  pay- 
ment of  costs. 

There  should  be  further  legislation  provided  to  insure  to  the  citi- 
zens the  enjoyment  of  pure  air,  viz.,  legislation  demanding  the  electri- 
fication of  all  railroads  within  the  limits  of  the  city.  The  strict  enforce- 
ment of  the  smoke  ordinance  and  the  electrification  of  railroads  will 
not,  however,  result  in  entirely  purifying  the  atmosphere  as  long  as 
we  maintain  our  present  system  of  street  cleaning,  which  is  a delusion 
and  a snare.  The  dust  evil  in  our  city  is  a great  one,  producing,  par- 
ticularly during  the  spring  and  fall  months,  a great  deal  of  illness  and 
being  the  cause  of  a great  deal  of  complaint. 

We  have  repeatedly  urged  upon  the  Board  of  Public  Works  the 
necessity  of  establishing  a different  system  of  street  cleaning,  and  have 
at  the  present  time  pending  before  the  Common  Council  an  ordinance 
which  provides  for  nightly  flushing  of  all  paved  streets,  the  sweeping 
of  sidewalks  during  certain  hours  and  with  certain  restrictions,  and  the 
thorough  sprinkling,  either  by  means  of  oil  or  water,  of  all  macdamized 
or  unpaved  streets.  This  should  be  supplemented  by  the  placing  at  given 
intervals  along  the  streets  of  metal  receptacles  in  which  the  street 
sweeper  deposits  the  droppings  and  other  accumulations,  instead  of 
sweeping  them  together  into  huge  piles,  which  the  wind  promptly  scat- 
ters again,  much  to  the  discomfort  and  annoyance  of  pedestrians.  We 
believe  that  the  adoption  of  this  method  of  street  cleaning  would  at 
least  reduce  the  evil  to  a minimum. 

Two  years  ago  a similar  ordinance  to  the  one  now  pending  before 
the  Council  was  introduced,  and  in  spite  of  efforts  on  the  part  of  this 


26 


ANNUAL  REPOET 


Department  was  pigeon-holed  by  the  Committee  without  a heating. 
That  seems  to  be  also  the  fate  of  the  present  measure.  Why  no  atten- 
tion is  paid  to  this  important  subject,  which  is  of  the  greatest  interest 
to  all  taxpayers,  not  only  because  of  the  great  amount  of  illness  caused 
by  the  dust  evil  but  also  because  of  the  thousands  of  dollars  worth  of 
merchandize  of  all  kinds  which  suffers  deterioration  as  a result  and 
therefore  causes  financial  loss,  is  difficult  to  understand.  Intelligent 
co-operation  between  all  Departments  and  prompt  consideration  of  im- 
portant departmental  measures  will  make  for  a cleaner,  healthier,  and 
therefore  for  a Greater  Milwaukee. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

G.  A.  BADING,  M.  D. 

Commissioner  of  Health. 


REPORT 

OF 


SECRETARY 


REPORT  OF  SECRETARY 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir: — In  compliance  with  the  annual  custom,  I respectfully  submit 
herewith  the  financial  statement  of  the  Department,  covering  the  calen- 
dar year  January  i to  December  31,  1909,  inclusive.  I also  submit 
statement  of  vaccination  and  its  cost  for  the  year  1909,  reports  of  the 
Superintendents  of  Garbage  Collection  and  Cremation,  statement  of 
dead  animals  reported  to  the  Department,  reports  of  animal  collections, 
garbage  collection  complaints,  and  a garbage  summary  showing  in  de- 
tail facts  concerning  garbage  collection  and  disposal  and  their  cost. 
I also  submit  a statement  showing  the  amount  of  stable  refuse  disposed 
of  under  the  direct  supervision  and  with  the  assistance  of  the  Depart- 
ment, and  another  statement  concerning  the  amount  and  cost  of  coal 
used  at  the  garbage  plant.  I am  further  submitting  a report  of  the 
Chief  Disinfector,  showing  in  greater  detail  than  in  previous  years  the 
amount  of  disinfection  work. 

The  total  expenditures  of  the  Department  necessarily  were  greater 
in  1909  than  in  the  prevous  year.  When  the  amount  of  work,  however, 
accomplished  by  the  Department,  as  shown  by  the  various  reports,  is 
taken  into  consideration,  it  is  remarkable  that  the  increase  for  the  year 
has  been  so  small.  A large  increase  in  the  expenses  of  the  Department 
has  only  been  prevented  by  pursuing  the  same  economical  methods  and 
exercising  the  same  care  with  respect  to  the  finances  that  have  charac- 
terized the  administration  of  the  Department  in  the  previous  three 
years. 

The  total  net  cost  of  conducting  the  Department,  including  garbage 
collection  and  disposal,  was  $206,145.75,  and  there  remains  at  the  close 
of  the  year  $3,854.25  of  money  not  expended.  This  amount,  as  in  pre- 
vious years,  has  been  transferred  to  the  general  city  fund.  This  bal- 
ance would  have  been  considerably  smaller  but  for  the  fact  that  a large 
number  of  December  accounts  were  not  advanced  .and  have  been  held 
over  until  the  year  1910.  This  condition  is  the  result  of  closing  the 
books  of  the  Comptroller’s  department  in  the  early  part  of  January 
against  additional  charges. 


30 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  actual  increase  in  the  expenses  for  1909  over  1908  was  $7,727.64 
for  health  expense  and  $475.57  for  garbage  expense,  or  a total  of 
$8,203.21. 

As  in  previous  years,  the  Secretary’s  financial  statement  is  so  item- 
ized that  it  shows  in  detail  the  cost  of  each  of  the  six  sub-departments, 
and  likewise  the  cost  of  each  item  of  expense. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  office  expense  is  $3,000  in  excess  of  that  for 
1908.  All  but  $300  of  this  increase  is  accounted  for  in  additional  pay- 
rolls, of  which  increase  that  for  veterinarians  in  the  Department  com- 
poses the  major  portion.  No  charge  was  made  for  printing  or  station- 
ery in  the  year  1909,  but  this  is  more  than  offset  by  the  additional  ex- 
pense, in  disinfectants,  anti-toxin,  etc.,  which  the  Department  was  re- 
quired to  purchase  during  the  year. 

In  the  Laboratory  exactly  $1,000  of  the  increase  in  expense  is  due 
to  payrolls,  representing  the  salaries  of  two  milk  inspectors  for  five 
months,  the  salaries  of  these  men  having  been  paid  only  seven  months 
in  1908.  The  remainder  of  the  increase,  amounting  to  $240,  is  account- 
ed for  in  increased  supplies,  corresponding  with  the  increased  work  of 
the  Laboratory. 

There  has  been  a substantal  increase  in  the  cost  of  maintaining  both 
Hospitals  No.  1 and  No.  2 for  the  year  1909.  In  1908  the  total  cost 
for  both  hospitals  was  $11,619.09,  and  in  1909,  $15,096.91,  or  an  in- 
crease of  $3,477.82.  The  increase,  therefore,  in  the  cost  for  both  hos- 
pitals over  1908  was  about  30%.  In  1908  there  were  a total  of  2,927 
whole  days’  treatment  given  to  patients  at  both  hospitals.  In  1909 
there  were  9,432  whole  days’  treatment  or  an  increase  of  222%.  When 
the  percentage  of  increase  in  cost  and  increase  in  days’  treatment  given 
to  patients  are  compared,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Department  during 
1909  has  greatly  increased  its  service  to  the  public,  with  but  a small 
proportionate  increase  of  expense.  The  showing  would  be  even  better 
were  it  not  for  the  advance  in  the  price  of  food  stuffs  in  the  year  1909 
over  that  of  the  previous  year. 

While  a good  financial  showing  has  been  made  in  the  administra- 
tion of  the  “Health  fund,”  which  includes  Office,  Laboratory  and  the 
two  Hospitals,  the  most  remarkable  financial  showing  of  the  year  has 
been  in  the  administration  of  the  garbage  fund.  While  the  garbage  re- 
ports show  that  the  Department  handled  10%  mare  garbage  than  dur- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


31 


in g the  year  1908,  the  total  increase  in  the  cost  for  collection  and  dis- 
posal was  only  $475.57,  or  about  one-third  of  1%.  The  total  cost  of 
garbage  for  1909  was  $139,824.81.  The  success  attained  in  handling 
the  old  garbage  plant  and  operating  the  collection  system  economically 
has  been  far  greater  than  was  ever  expected.  The  figures  are  almost 
startling.  In  the  year  1909  there  was  collected  and  handled  almost 
62%  more  garbage  than  in  tire  year  1905,  which  was  the  last  year  of 
the  old  administration  of  the  Department.  The  increase  in  cost,  how- 
ever, has  been  less  than  16%.  While  in  1908  a very  good  showing  was 
made,  that  for  1909  is  substantially  better.  In  1908  the  average  cost 
for  collection  and  disposal  per  ton  was  $3.27;  this  has  been  cut  down 
in  1909  to  $2.98.  The  collection  has  been  reduced  from  $1.96  per  ton  to 
$1.82,  and  the  cremation  from  $1.43  to  $1.28.  The  cost  per  ton  for 
cremation  could  have  been  much  lower  had  it  not  been  for  the  charge 
of  $1600.00  for  repairing  the  chimney,  which  was  put  out  of  commis- 
sion early  in  January. 

The  table  showing  the  amount  and  cost  of  coal  used  at  the  crema- 
tory reveals  the  fact  that  in  1909  we  made  a further  reduction  in  the 
cost  of  coal  required  to  burn  one  ton  of  garbage,  reducing  it  from  31 
cents  in  1908  to  a fraction  less  than  30  cents  in  1909,  or  a total  cut  of 
22  cents  from  the  year  1905. 

The  report  on  vaccination  shows  a substantial  increase  in  the' num- 
ber of  vaccinations  over  the  preceding  year.  While  the  report  shows 
an  increase  of  one  cent  in  the  cost  per  vacccination,  this  is  in  fact  not 
a real  increase,  because,  the  cost  for  1908  of  15  cents  was  abnormally 
low.  This  was  due  to  the  fact  that  a large  amount  of  vaccine  was  used 
during  1908  which  had  been  paid  for  the  previous  year.  Had  the  cost 
of  this  vaccine  been  added  to  1908,  the  cost  per  vaccination  would  have 
been  between  17  cents  and  18  cents,  which  would  show  a decrease  per 
vaccination  for  the  year  1909. 

I am  submitting  this  year  a statement  of  the  garbage  collection 
complaints,  which  have  not  been  included  in  other  annual  reports.  It 
shows  a total  of  1,979  legitimate  complaints  for  the  year,  which  is  a 
small  number  in  proportion  to  the  population  of  the  city. 

The  statement  of  stable  refuse  shipped  out  of  the  city  under  the  su- 
pervision of  the  Department  shows  a falling  off  in  the  year  1909  over 
the  year  1908.  This,  of  course,  is  due  to  the  fact  that  stable  owners 


32 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


have  not  taken  advantage  of  the  facilities  offered  by  the  Department. 
It  is  said  that  farmers  have  been  more  diligent  in  collecting  this  mate- 
rial during  the  year,  therefore  leaving  a small  accumulation  for  stable 
owners  to  dispose  of. 

Reverting  to  the  financial  feature  of  the  Health  Department  work, 
I wish  to  say  in  conclusion  that  the  Department  has  made  its  best  show- 
ing in  the  year  1909.  The  experience  of  the  preceding  years  has  been 
of  great  advantage  in  buying  supplies  economically  and  in  other  ways 
safeguarding  the  finances  of  the  Department. 

For  some  time  I have  been  making  an  investigation  of  the  expenses 
of  the  Health  Department  in  former  years.  This  investigation  has 
been  completed,  and  I have  prepared  a table  showing  the  expenses  from 
the  year  1867  to  the  year  1909,  inclusive.  The  figures  found  in  this 
table  were  procured  from  various  official  sources.  There  is  no  one 
place,  however,  where  such  a table  of  expenses  can  be  found.  It  has 
been  suggested,  therefore,  that  this  tabulated  statement  be  placed  in  the 
annual  report  of  the  Department  so  that  it  will  be  a permanent  record 
for  the  future.  This  statement,  will  be  found  immediately  after  the 
regular  Financial  Statement  for  the  year. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


33 


SECRETARY’S  FINANCIAL  STATEMENT 


EXPENSES  OFFICE. 

Drugs  and  medicines $3,055.93 

Telephone  service 4.30 

Supplies 354.53 

Payrolls 37,051.06 

Postage 60.50 

Livery $65.00 

Stationery  (books)  54.40 

Rent 1,123.40 

Miscellaneous  . . 468 . 81 


Total  $43,037.92 

By  cash  and  assessment  credits $503.57 


Net  expense,  1909 $42,534.35 

Credits  from  Hospitals  Nos.  1 and  2 192.66 


Actual  cost,  1909 $42,341.69 

EXPENSES  LABORATORY. 

Postage $20 . 00 

Payrolls 7,519.92 

Drugs  and  chemicals 76.06 

Apparatus 410.67 

Feed  for  animals 18.25 

Ice 20.00 

Gas 29.04 

Rent 613.20 

Miscellaneous 180.75 


Total $8,887.89 

By  cash  credits 5.55 


Actual  cost,  1909 


$8,882.34 


34 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  No.  1. 

Ice 

Groceries 

Telephone  service •. 

Payrolls 

Lighting , 

Meats 

Milk 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Bakery  supplies  , . . . 

Supplies  and  furnishings 

Fuel 

Repairs . . . 

Miscellaneous  . . . . 

Total 

By  cash  credits 

Net  expense,  1909 

To  office  debits  for  postage 

Actual  cost,  1909 


EXPENSES  HOSPITAL  No.  2. 

Services  of  nurses 

Rent 

Telephone  service  

Payrolls 

Groceries  . 

Meat 

Milk 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Bakery  supplies  i 

Supplies  and  furnishings 

Surgical  supplies  

Ice ~ 

Lighting 

Fuel  

Repairs  and  repair  supplies 

Miscellaneous 

Total 

By  cash  credits 

Net  expense,  1909 

To  office  debits  for  postage,  anti-toxin,  etc 

Actual  cost,  1909 


$60. 

.00 

1,203, 

.70 

59, 

.10 

3,360, 

.20 

355, 

.52 

810, 

.86 

237, 

.66 

# 

91, 

.72 

139, 

.76 

309, 

.06 

603, 

.15 

219, 

.96 

3, 

.98 

$7,454, 

.67 

343.00 

$7,111, 

.67 

4, 

.00 

$7,115, 

.67 

$357. 

.82 

1,500. 

.00 

48. 

.75 

3,265. 

,73 

729. 

,97 

228, 

.24 

245, 

.14 

125. 

.98 

136. 

.75 

281. 

,39 

20. 

,25 

36. 

.00 

136. 

,22 

459. 

.43 

12. 

,83 

229. 

.68 

$7,814, 

.18 

21.60 

$7,792.58 

188.66 

$7,981.24 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


35 


EXPENSES  GARBAGE  CREMATION  AND  BURIAL. 


Oils,  grease  and  waste $49.76 

Coal 11,063.71 

Repairs  and  repair  supplies 3,234.62 

Telephone  service  72.75 

Payrolls 36,161.60 

Miscellaneous  supplies  169.33 

Rent  of  land 604.20 

Total $51,355.97 

By  cash  credits 

Actual  cost,  1909 $51,338.04 


17.93 


EXPENSES  GARBAGE  HOIST  AND  COLLECTION. 


Repairs  and  repair  supplies $262.99 

Telephone  service  84.75 

Coal  and  wood 166.83 

Payrolls 87,758.56 

Miscellaneous  supplies  113.89 

Tug  service 105 . 00 

Miscellaneous 19.75 

Total $88,511.77 

By  cash  credits 

Actual  cost,  1909 $88,486.77 


25.00 


HEALTH  EXPENSE. 

Actual  cost,  1909,  not  including  garbage. 

Office 

Laboratory 

Hospital  No.  1 

Hospital  No.  2 


$42,341.69 
. . 8,882.34 
7,115.67 
7,981.24 


Total 


$66,320.94 


GARBAGE  EXPENSE. 
Actual  cost  of  Garbage,  1909. 


Cremation  and  burial $51,338.04 

Hoist  and  collection 88,486.77 

Total ' $139,824.81  ' 


Note. — For  the  sake  of  convenience  in  the  books  of  the  Department,  the 
entire  disposal  expenditure,  including  the  cost  of  operating  the  plant  and 
the  cost  of  burial,  is  included  in  one  item.  The  same  is  true  of  the  cost  of 


36 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


collection  and  the  cost  of  operating-  the  hoist.  For  the  sake,  however,  of 
showing-  exactly  how  much  each  one  of  these  items  cost,  the  expenditures 
have  been  subdivided,  and  the  result  shows  the  following-: 


Cost  of  cremation $47,234.33 

Cost  of  burial 4,103.71 

Cost  of  hoist  (includes  transportation) 3,020#42 

Cost  of  collection 85,466.35 

Total  cost  of  garbage ,$139,824.81 

RECAPITULATION,  1909. 

Health $66,320.94 

Garbage 139,824.81 

Total $206,145.75 


FINANCIAL  SHOWING  DECEMBER  31,  1909. 


Total  appropriation  for  1909 $210,000.00 

Total  expenditures  in  1909,  less  cash  and  other  credits 206,145.75 

Balance  in  fund $3,854.25 

This  amount  transferred  to  general  city  fund. 


COMPARATIVE. 

Health.  Garbage.  Total. 

1909 $66,320.94  $139,824.81  $206,145.75 

1908 58,593.30  139,349.24  197,942.54 

Increase $ 7,727.64  $ 475.57  $ 8,203.21 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


37 


STATEHENT  SHOWING  COST  OF  fllLWAUKEE  HEALTH  DEPART- 
MENT FOR  THE  YEARS  1867  TO  1909,  INCLUSIVE. 


Total.  Sites  and 


Year. 

Health. 

Garbage. 

Maintainance. 

1867 

$148.90 

$148.90 

1868 

3,911.65 

3,911.65 

1869 

2,507.75 

2,507.75 

1870 

1,277.00 

1,277.00 

1871 

2,445.25 

2,445.25 

1872 

3,978.43 

3,978.43 

1873 

5,556.18 

5,556.18 

1874 

2,226.06 

2,226.06 

*1875  (garb.  coll. 

7 mos.  only)  . . . 

2,465.32 

1,666.66 

4,131.98 

Total. 

Year. 

Health. 

Garbage. 

Maintainance. 

1876 

3,283.00 

2,112.50 

5,395.50 

1877 

9,736.37 

2,248.80 

11,985.17 

1878  (g-arb.  coll. 

3 mos.  only) . . 

5,465.30 

732.00 

6,197.30 

1879 

7,207.16 

3,785.14 

10,992.30 

1880 

7,514.44 

9,079.64 

16,594.08 

1881 

7,8.37.36 

7,663.50 

15,500.86 

1882 

7,607.86 

7,194.00 

14,801.86 

1883 

7,804.66 

8,936.65 

16,741.31 

1884 

8,537.45 

9,085.50 

17,622.95 

1885 

9,877.28 

9,613.75 

19,491.03 

1886 

10,753.09 

10,956.25 

21,709.34 

1887 

12,861.01 

13,153.85 

26,014.86 

1888 

14,489.49 

13,047.25 

27,536.74 

1889 

16,856.26 

32,689.00 

49,545.26 

1890 

15,560.68 

48,816.00 

64,376.68 

1891 

17,318.21 

51,592.87 

68,911.08 

1892 

24,165.94 

53,243.72 

77,409.66 

**1893 

65,610.20 

74,666.59 

140,276.79 

**1894 

77,509.90 

70,999.95 

148,509.85 

**1895 

115,142.55 

66,833.30 

181,975.85 

1896 

30,489.95 

78,439.61 

108,929.56 

1897 

36,581.73 

69,897.16 

106,478.89 

1898 

30,891.94 

61,358.38 

92,250.32 

1899 

34,085.07 

61,883.21 

95,968.28 

1900 

38,063.36 

72,279.79 

110,343.15 

1901 

42,432.22 

74,141.97 

116,574.19 

Sites  and 


3,527.00 


9.475.00 


46,879.36 


Grand 
. Total. 
$148.90 
3,911.65 
2,507.75 
1,277.00 
2,445.25 
3,978.43 
5,556.18 
2,226.06 

.4,131.98 

Grand 
. Total. 
5,395.50 
15,512.17 

15.672.30 

10.992.30 

16.594.08 

15.500.86 

14.801.86 

18.741.31 
17,622.95 
19,491.03 
21,709.34 

26.014.86 
27,536.74 
49,545.26 
64,376.68 

68.911.08 
77,409.66 

140,276.79 

148.509.85 

181.975.85 
108,929.56 
106,478.89 

92.250.32 
95,968.28 

110,343.15 

163,453.55 


38 


ANNUAL  EEPOET  OF  THE 


1902  53,025.98  111,203.37 

1903  53,201.57  118,371.39 

1904  57,339.89  121,041.27 

1905  62,791.21  120,579.56 

1906  56,070.73  116,928.20 

1907  55,672.11  127,910.41 

1908  58,593.30  139,349.24 

1909  66,320.94  139,824.81 


164,229.35  44,654.57  208,883.92 

171,572.96  171,572.96 

178,381.16  178,381.16 

183,370.77  183,370.77 

172,998.93  34,053.80  207,052.73 

183,582.52  183,582.52 

197,942.54  197,942.54 

206,145.75  129,505.32  335,651.07 


* Collection  system  by  wards  inaugurated. 
**Small-pox  epidemic  in  these  three  years. 


NOTES. 

In  1877  the  figure  shown  in  “Site  and  Construction”  column  was 
expended  for  the  purchase  of  8.26  acres  of  land  in  the  Eleventh  Ward 
for  isolation  hospital  site.  In  1892,  24  lots  of  this  property  were  sold  for 
$13,240.  There  still  remains  as  the  property  of  the  city  3.39  acres,  of 
which  2.95  acres  constitute  the  present  site  of  Isolation  Hospital  No.  1. 
In  addition  to  this,  there  is  a parcel  of  land  consisting  of  .44  acres  also 
owned  by  the  city,  situated  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Mitchell  St.  and 
19th  Ave. 

In  1878  the  amount  shown  in  Construction  column  was  used  for  the 
erection  of  an  isolation  hospital  in  the  Eleventh  ward  on  the  site  pur- 
chased the  previous  year. 

In  1901  the  amount  shown  in  Construction  column  was  for  the  gar- 
bage plant  on  Jones  Island. 

In  1902,  the  amount  shown  in  Construction  column  was  expended 
for  the  completion  of  the  garbage  plant  on  Jones  Island. 

In  1906,  the  amount  shown  in  the  Construction  and  Site  fund  was 
for  the  purchase  of  property  in  the  Town  of  Wauwatosa,  to  be  used  for 
the  erection  of  an  isolation  hospital.  Of  the  amount  shown,  $33,975 
was  for  the  purchase  of  the  site,  $78.80  representing  expense  incidental 
thereto. 

In  1909,  of  the  amount  shown  in  the  Construction  fund,  $128,466.32 
was  money  expended  in  the  erection  of  the  new  refuse  destructor  at  the 
foot  of  Erie  St.  The  balance  of  $1,039  was  f°r  the  construction  of  the 
tuberculosis  hospital  on  the  Wauwatosa  hospital  site.  The  cost  of  the 
refuse  destructor  will  be  approximately  $200,000.  The  balance  will 
appear  as  a charge  in  the  year  1910.  Same  is  true  in  the  case  of  the 
tuberculosis  hospital,  which  will  cost  about  $15,000.  Only  the  amount 
designated  above,  $1,039,  was  charged  in  the  books  for  1909  against 
r!ie  Construction  fund.  The  balance  will  be  shown  as  a charge  in  1910. 

(Signed)  A.  B.  CARGILL, 
Secretary. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


39 


VACCINATION  1909. 


MONTH. 

By  H.  D. 
Vaccinators 
at  Schools 

By  H.  D. 
Vaccinators 
at  Homes, 
Factories, 
etc. 

At  H.  D. 
Office. 

At 

Hospital 
No.  1. 

Total. 

January  

1851 

388 

28 

2 

2269 

February  

986 

205 

38 

6 

1235 

March 

490 

210 

48 

4 

752 

April 

111 

273 

28 

412 

May 

29 

18 

47 

J n n a 

188 

23 

49 

260 

July  ; 

17 

17 

1 

August 



12 

12 

j 

pppfprntipv  | 



18 

1 

19 

October  I 

1713 

42 

1755 

November  | 

4136 

47 

7 

4190 

0 jYib  e i*  * *1 

| 105 

24 

3 

132 

i 

i 

Totals j 

9580 

| 1259 

1 

249 

12 

11100 

COST  OF  VACCINATION,  1909. 


Vaccine  and  shields - $781.90 

Alcohol 67.40 

Absorbent  cotton  10.33 

Payrolls • ■ • 999.00 


Total  cost $1,858.53 

Total  number  vaccinations 11,100 

Cost  per  vaccination $ .164- 


TOTAL  VACCINATIONS  FOUR  YEARS. 

Vaccinations,  1906  

Vaccinations,  1907  

Vaccinations,  1908  . 

Vaccinations,  1909  


Total  four  years 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 


9,618 

11,428 

7,694 

11,100 

39,840 


Secretary. 


REPORT 


OF  THE 


HEALTH  DEPARTT1ENT  LABORATORIES 


REPORT  OF  THE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 
LABORATORIES 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Ste  : — -In  submitting  the  following  report  of  the  Laboratories  for 
the  yea  1909,  I would  like  to  call  your  attention  particularly  to  two 
important  facts  that  have  been  brought  out  in  the  course  of  the  year’s 
work.  The  first  of  these  concerns  itself  with  the  milk  supply  of  the 
city.  Without  here  going  into  detail  regarding  this  matter,  which  is 
dis(  ussed  more  fully  in  the  following  pages  under  the  separate  heading 
of  ‘‘Milk,”  I take  pleasure  in  reporting  that  with  the  strict  enforcement 
of  the  various  rules  concerning  the  production  and  selling  of  milk,  our 
laboratory  examinations,  as  well  as  the  inspection  of  the  premises  of  the 
various  dairy  farms  and  milk  depots,  have  shown  that  Milwaukee  is 
getting  at  present  a milk  supply  that  in  every  way  is  superior  to  that 
of  any  city  of  its  size. 

The  other  matter  that  I would  bring  to  your  notice  more  especially 
is  the  increasing  difficulty  which  is  experienced  in  handling  the  ever- 
growing amount  of  laboratory  work  in  the  rooms  at  present  provided 
for  that  purpose.  I have  before  now  called  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  location  of  the  bacteriological  laboratory  particularly,  with  a south- 
west exposure,  is  the  poorest  possible.  Without  repeating  here  in  de- 
tail the  annoyances  and  difficulties  that  arise  from  such  a location, 
where  the  sunlight  enters  directly,  I would  like  to  point  out  that  aside 
from  the  objection  already  spoken  of,  the  size  and  equipment  of  the 
rooms  proves  a serious  obstacle  to  the  progress  of  the  increasing  lab- 
oratory work.  In  the  bacteriological  laboratory,  the  examinations  of 
milk  and  water  must  be  carried  on  directly  along  with  those  for  tuber- 
culosis, diphtheria,  typhoid,  etc.,  exposing  the  assistant  provided  for  the 
former  work,  a young  lady  without  any  medical  training  constantly 
to  the  danger  of  serious  infection. 

In  the  chemical  laboratory,  similar  difficulties  exist.  Analyses  for 
water  must  be  carried  out  in  the  general  laboratory,  where  the  fumes  of 


44 


ANNUAL  REPOET  OF  THE 


ammonia  and  nitric  acid,  for  example,  may  easily  become  disseminated, 
seriously  vitiating  the  results  of  such  analyses.  Here  the  installing  of 
glass  partitions  that  would  separate  a part  of  the  present  laboratory 
for  water  analysis  only  would  remedy  this  defect. 

For  the  difficulties  of  the  bacteriological  laboratory,  I can  recom- 
mend no  other  remedy  but  its  removal  to  other  quarters.  While  I am 
aware  that  at  the  present  there  is  no  space  practically  available  for  this 
purpose,  I want  to  leave,  nevertheless,  a permanent  protest  against  the 
present  location  for  future  reference. 

MILK. 

While  the  number  of  analyses  of  milk  for  the  past  year,  a total  of 
13,409,  is  not  very  much  greater  than  last  year,  the  results  accomplished 
are,  nevertheless,  eminently  satisfactory.  The  force  of  inspectors  has 
been  particularly  active  in  enforcing  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the 
Department,  not  only  with  reference  to  the  chemical  standard  of  milk 
but  also  with  regard  to  the  bottle  ordinance  and  general  sanitary  con- 
ditions of  the  stores  and  premises  where  milk  is  being  sold  or  handled. 
The  good  results  obtained  are  well  illustrated  in  the  fact  that  while 
heretofore  a large  portion  of  the  milk  below  standard  came  from  stores, 
since  the  establishment  of  the  rule  allowing  only  bottled  milk  to  be  sold 
in  stores,  but  very  little  milk  below  standard  is  found  coming  from  these 
sources.  Not  only  may  it  be  safely  said  that  the  chemical  standard  of 
the  milk  supply  is  very  good,  having  an  average  of  nearly  4%  of  butter 
fat,  but  what  is  undoubtedly  of  even  greater  importance  the  standard 
of  cleanliness  has  been  improved  as  well.  Over  1,000  milk  depots  with- 
in the  city  and  over  500  farms  have  been  carefully  inspected,  both  with 
regard  to  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  premises  as  well  as  with  a view 
of  determining  the  presence  of  contagious  diseases  among  the  dairy 
animals  or  their  attendants. 

On  the  strength  of  the  findings  in  these  inspections,  28  licenses  have 
been  refused  and  one  was  revoked.  There  can  be  no  question  that  with 
the  enforcement  of  the  tuberculin  test  for  all  dairy  animals  from  which 
milk  is  supplied  to  the  city,  respectively  the  exclusion  of  milk  from 
tuberculous  animals,  the  city  has  added  one  of  the  strongest  features  in 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


45 


its  assets  of  public  sanitation.  That  the  enforcement  of  this  ordinance 
has  been  well  justified  was  convincingly  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that 
tubercle  bacilli  were  demonstrated  both  in  milk  as  well  as  faeces  (one 
of  the  chief  sources  of  milk  contamination)  of  animals  from  which 
milk  was  shipped  to  this  city. 


WATER. 

The  problem  of  a pure  and  wholesome  water  supply  for  the  city 
likewise  has  maintained  its  position  well  in  the  forefront  of  the  labor- 
atory routine.  There  has  been  a good  deal  of  criticism  offered  with 
regard  to  the  water  supply  for  this  city,  some  charging  up  the  occur- 
ence of  every  case  of  diarrhoeal  disease  against  this  one  possible  cause. 
That  such  a charge  is  usually  unsupported  by  the  facts  is  well  illus- 
trated in  the  instance  of  an  outbreak  of  intestinal  trouble  in  an  institu- 
tion of  this  city,  where,  with  the  intelligent  co-operation  of  the  house 
physician,  the  source  of  the  trouble  was  finally  demonstrated  as  coming 
from  a lot  of  canned  tomatoes  which  were  affected  by  brown  rot  (B. 
solanacearum). 

Now,  while  on  the  one  hand,  it  is  the  intention  of  this  report  to  curb 
criticism  which  is  based  upon  insufficient  knowledge  and  which  makes 
every  occurence  of  comparatively  harmless  silica  and  alumina  turbidity 
the  excuse  for  hysterical  indictment  of  the  city’s  drinking  water,  on  the 
other  hand  it  is  equally  the  earnest  endeavor  of  the  report  to  bring  out 
the  true  status  regarding  this  important  subject  and  to  point  out  the 
absolute  necessity  for  prompt  action  with  regard  to  the  municipal  water 
supply. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  while  both  chemical  and  bacteriological 
analyses  may  prove  a given  sample  of  water  to  be  perfectly  safe  from 
a sanitary  point  of  view,  the  value  of  such  analyses  is  much  weakened 
in  a practical  way  since  the  results  can  be  known  only  after  a variable 
length  of  time,  when  the  water  from  which  the  sample  was  taken  has 
been  already  consumed.  The  safety  of  a given  water  supply  cannot 
then  be  guaranteed  or  judged  by  analysis  only.  The  condition  which 
may  reasonably  determine  pollution  must  be  taken  into  consideration. 


46 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


It  is  this  latter  point  that,  in  the  question  under  consideration,  must 
be  particularly  brought  out. 

While  our  analyses  have  not  shown  any  recent  contamination  and 
at  no  time  probably  were  such  as  to  explain  cases  of  diarrhoeal  trouble 
charged  up  against  it,  the  fact,  nevertheless,  stands  undeniable  that 
the  danger  from  a serious  outbreak  of  disease  from  a polluted  water 
supply  is  constantly  present  in  the  highest  degree.  With  millions  of 
gallons  of  raw  sewage  turned  daily  into  the  lake  at  our  water  front, 
from  which  we  take  our  water  supply,  we  are  exposed  to  so  eminent 
a danger  that  every  action  to  resist  this  trouble  should  be  pushed  with 
the  greatest  persistency  and  energy. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATIONS  OF  INFECTIOUS 

DISEASES. 

DIPHTHERIA. 

There  has  been  a decided  increase  in  the  number  of  bacteriological 
examinations,  this  year’s  total  of  5,546  exceeding  that  of  last  year  by 
nearly  2,000.  The  bulk  of  this  increase  has  been  experienced  in  the 
number  of  examinations  for  diphtheria,  where  nearly  twice  as  many 
examinations  were  made  as  last  year.  An  absolutely  satisfactory  ex- 
planation for  this  fact  can  possibly  not  be  given.  The  increase  in  the 
number  of  diphtheria  cases  certainly  has  been  disproportionate  to  the 
general  increase  in  the  number  of  bacteriological  examinations.  It  may 
be  that  the  increasing  number  of  adherents  to  faith  cures  may  be  re- 
sponsible, in  part  at  least,  for  this  increase  by  withdrawing  cases  from 
proper  medical  care  and  quarantine,  and  that  these  in  turn  become 
sources  of  contagion  to  others.  In  other  instances  culpable  negligence 
on  the  part  of  physicians  to  report  cases  and  bring  them  under  quaran- 
tine, or  the  indifference  of  the  laity  towards  mild  cases  of  infection, 
may  be  the  cause. 

The  Bacteriologist  is  at  present  carrying  on  experiments  with 
Pyocyonase,  a bacteriological  ferment,  with  a view  to  determining  its 
value  in  membranous  throat  infections,  both  as  a means  of  influencing 
the  course  of  the  disease  as  well  as  to  clear  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  specific  organism  which  may  convey  the  disease  to  others,  or,  at 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  47 

all  events,  by  its  presence  in  culture  tends  to  prolong  the  time  of  quar- 
antine. A full  report  of  the  results  obtained  will  be  embodied  in  the 
annual  report  of  the  year  following. 

SPUTUM. 

The  number  of  sputum  examinations  has  also  increased.  This  un- 
doubtedly is  due  to  the  fact  that  aside  from  the  usual  amount  of  mate- 
rial submitted  by  physicians  directly,  the  bacteriological  analyses  for 
three  free  dispensaries  for  tuberculosis  are  also  referred  to  the  city 
laboratory.  The  same  holds  true  with  the  Widal  agglutination  test, 
almost  all  of  the  hospitals  referring  their  blood  work  to  the  municipal 
laboratory. 

ADDENDA. 

I desire  to  call  your  attention  here  also  to  the  need  of  several  pieces 
of  apparatus  for  the  chemical  laboratory,  viz.,  a new  balance,  spectro- 
scope, polariscope  and  a butero-refractometer.  The  want  of  these  in- 
struments is  exceedingly  annoying,  inasmuch  as  they  force  the  Chemist 
to  go  to  outside  private  laboratories  to  complete  analyses  that  are  sub- 
mitted to  him  for  examination. 

In  conclusion  finally,  I wish  to  call  attention  to  the  excellent  work 
performed  by  Dr.  Schoen,  who,  with  the  able  assistance  of  Messrs. 
James  Cunningham,  Harry  Keihl,  Charles  Steffen  and  Jacob  Seibert, 
has  immediate  charge  of  the  milk  and  food  inspection.  The  untiring 
watchfulness  and  activity  of  these  officers  has  been  effective  in  the  high- 
est degree  in  bringing  about  and  maintaining  the  present  high  standard 
of  excellence  in  the  city’s  milk  supply. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

GEORGE  C.  RUIiLAND, 

Bacteriologist. 


48 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATIONS  BY  MONTH. 


MONTH. 

Diphtheria. 

Sputum. 

Typhoid. 

Para- 

Typhoid. 

Animal 

Inoculations 

Milk. 

Water 
and  Ice 

Mis- 

cellaneous. 

Total. 

. 

January  

419 

76 

24 

14 

23 

2 

78 

636 

February  

437 

63 

13 

7 

1 

57 

578 

March 

300 

109 

26 

13 

2 

3 

53 

506 

April 

234 

86 

13 

6 

2 

4 

2 

62 

409 

May 

248 

87 

15 

9 

4 

2 

78 

443 

June 

196 

89 

16 

10 

2 

12 

3 

136 

464 

July 

144 

| 65 

16 

7 

2 

43 

277 

1 

August 

151 

77  1 

| 22 

11 

2 

15 

2 

45 

325 

September 

137 

68 

1 13 

7 

2 

93 

320 

October 

266 

72 

j 15 

6 

4 

86 

449 

November 

447 

71 

j 22 

5 

2 

43 

590 

December 

337 

| 22 

14 

4 

2 

101 

549 

Total 

| 3316 

1 

| 932 

| 217 

1 109  ' 

1 

1 16 

! 

| 54 

1 1 

1 27 

1 

| 875 

5546 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


49 


DIPHTHERIA. 


MONTH.  j 

Positive.  || 

Negative,  j 

Total. 

January  

184 

235 

419 

February  

176 

261 

437 

March 

95 

205 

300 

April 

83 

151 

234 

May 

78 

170 

248 

June 

56 

140 

196 

July 

41 

103 

144 

August 

44 

107 

151 

September 

42 

95 

137 

October 

92 

*174 

266 

November 

151 

296 

447 

December 

78 

259 

337 

Total 

1120 

2196 

3316 

50 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SPUTUM. 


MONTH.  j 

Positive.  | 

Negative.  |J 

Total. 

January  

27 

49 

76 

February  

23 

40 

63 

March 

38 

71 

109 

April 

34 

52 

86 

May 

27 

60 

87 

June 

29 

60 

89 

July 

25 

40 

65 

August 

37 

40 

77 

September 

17 

51 

68 

October ' 

21 

51 

72 

November 

28 

43 

71 

December 

27 

42 

69 

Total 

333 

599 

932 

COMMISSIONED  OE  HEALTH. 


51 


TYPHOID. 


MONTH. 

1 

Positive. 

1 

|Negative.|  Atypical. 

Total. 

January  

8 

11 

5. 

24 

February  

4 

7 

2 

13 

March 

2 

17 

7 

26 

April 

7 

3 

3 

13 

May 

5 

7 

3 

15 

June 

1 

11 

4 

16 

July 

1 

11 

4 

16 

August 

7 

10 

5 

22 

September 

3 

3 

7 

13 

October 

4 

3 

8 

15 

November 

7 

5 

10 

22 

December 

12 

10 

22 

[ 

Total 

61 

98 

58 

217 

52 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


PARA-TYPHOID  AND  COLON. 


MONTH.  j 

Positive,  j 

Negative  j Atypical. 

Total. 

January  

1 

8 

5 

14 

February  

5 

2 

7 

March 

10 

3 

13 

April 

4 

2 

6 

May 

7 

2 

9 

June 

7 

3 

10 

July 

5 

2 

7 

An  gnpf  

8 

3 

11 



5 

2 

7 

Ootnhftr  

5 

1 

6 

November 

5 

5 

December 

8 

6 

14 

Total 

1 

77 

31 

109 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


63 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


MONTH. 

Animal 

Inoculation. 

Bacterio- 
logical Ex- 
amination of 
Water  and 
Ice. 

Mis- 

cellaneous. 

Total. 

January  

2 

78 

80 

February 

1 

57 

58 

March 

2 

3 

53 

58 

April 

2 

2 

62 

66 

May 

4 

2 

78 

84 

June 

2 

3 

136 

141 

July 

2 

43 

45 

August 

2 

2 

45 

49 

September 

2 

93 

95 

October 



4 

86 

90 

November 

1 

2 

43 

45 

December 

4 

2 

1 

101 

107 

Total 

16 

27 

875 

918 

54 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


BACTERIOLOGICAL  AND  MICROSCOPIC  EXAMINATIONS. 
By  Years. 


1 

1901 

1902 

1 

1903 

1904 

1905  * 

1906 

1 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1 

Diphtheria 

382 

1 

384 

1 

383 

329 

752 

809 

2031 

1812 

3316 

Sputum 

117 

292 

323 

| 414 

439 

679 

779 

905 

932 

Blood  

1 81 

56 

97 

291 

301 

331 

442 

270 

326 

Milk ! 

[ 

97 

161 

55 

54 

Miscellaneous 

106 

37 

82 

327 

505 

641 

439 

476 

918 

Total 

1 

686 

1 

1 

1 711  | 

| 925 

1561 

2007 

2557 

3852 

3518 

5546 

CHEMICAL  LABORATORY 


George  C.  Ruhland,  M.  D.,  Bacteriologist : 

Sir: — I herewith  submit  report  of  the  work  done  in  the  Chemical 
Laboratory  during  the  year  1909. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

CHARLES  M.  SCHOEN,  M.  D., 

Chemist. 


56 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


MILK  INVESTIGATIONS. 

Number  of  milk  dealers  licensed  during  the  year 1,576 

Total  samples  of  milk  analyzed  in  1909 8,272 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  8,272  samples 3.82% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%  butter  fat 265 

Per  cent,  below  3% 3.12% 

Number  of  samples  from  the  street 3,615 

Average  per  cent,  of  3,615  samples  from  the  street 3.65% 

Number  of  samples  below  3%,  from  street 167 

Per  cent,  below  3% . 4.62% 

Number  of  samples  from  the  depots 4,300 

Average  per  cent,  of  4,300  samples 3.94% 

Number  of  samples  below  3% 75 

Per  cent,  below  3% 1.74% 

Number  of  samples  brought  in  by  private  individuals 357 

Average  per  cent,  of  fat  of  357  samples 3.68% 

Number  of  samples  below  3% 23 

Per  cent,  below  3% 6.44% 

Number  of  samples  of  cream  tested 5,083 

Average  per  cent,  of  5,083  samples 22.52% 

Number  of  arrests  made  in  1909 31 

.Amount  of  fines  imposed $325.00 

Quarts  of  milk  confiscated  in  1909 624 

Quarts  of  cream  confiscated  in  1909 160 

Quarts  of  cream  returned  in,  1909 1,056 

Quarts  of  milk  returned  in  1909 224 

Dealers  warned  in  1909 127 

Number  of  licenses  revoked 1 

Number  of  licenses  refused 28 

Milk  depots  in  city  inspected 1,080 

Dairies  outside  of  city  inspected 149 

Farms  inspected  520 

Cow  barns  visited  and  owners  ordered  to  sell  cows 23 

Farms  visited  for  suspected  cases  of  contagious  disease 7 


COMMISSIONER 


OF 


HEALTH 


57 


CHEMICAL  ANALYSES  FOR  YEAR  BY  MONTHS. 


1 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milk 

518 

654 

948 

1038 

745 

502 

679 

729 

590 

644 

610 

615 

8272 

Cream 

338 

419 

450 

400 

495 

478 

462 

405 

417 

401 

394 

424 

5083 

City  water  

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

18 

Well  water  

1 

4 

3 

5 

13 

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

42 

Miscellaneous  . . .. 

5 

2 

4 

3 

5 

2 

i 

1 

1 

3 

4 

6 

36 

Total 

1 

| 861 

1077 

1 

1408 

1446 

1251 

1 

996|1147 

1 

1141 

1 

1013  1052 

1012 

1 

10471 

13451 

58 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


LAKE  WATER  ANALYSES. 
Parts  per  100,000. 


Chlorides 

1 

Nitrates 

! 

Nitrites 

1 

| Free 
| Ammonia 

| Alb. 

| Ammonia 

1 

Oxygen 

Consumed 

1 

| .60 

| Trace 

None 

.001 

.002 

.185 

2 

.60 

None 

None 

Trace 

.005 

.190 

3 

.60 

None 

None 

Trace 

.005 

.190 

4 

. 80 

Trace 

None 

| 

5 

.65 

None 

None 



Trace 

.045 

.190 

6 

.60 

None 

j None 

Trace 

.005 

| .185 

7 

.60  | 

None 

j None 

Trace 

.004 

.180 

8 

| .65  1 

| Trace 

1 None 

Trace 

.005 

j .190 

9 

| .70  1 

| Trace 

! None 

Trace 

| .0045 

.190 

, 1 

1 0 

1 

70 

Trace 

None 

1 

1 

1 U 1 

1 

1 

70  1 

Trace  I 

None 

1 

| 

1 



-L-1- 1 

1 

1 9 

.IV  | 

70  1 

Trace 

None 

1 

! 

1 ^ 1 

IS 

.IV  | 

60  | 

None 

None 

1 

14 

i 

1 -70  | 

Trace 

None 

i 

| Trace 

1 

.004  | 

.185 

15 

.65  j 

Trace 

1 

None 

i 

| Trace 

.0035  | 

.185 

1 

16 | 

1 .80  | 

Trace 

None 

| Trace 

.004  | 

.190 

1 7 

1.00  | 

Trace 

None 

1 

18 1 

.80  | 

Trace 

None 

1 

| Trace 

1 

.0045  | 

1 

.195 

REPORT 


OF 

REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS 


REPORT  OF  REGISTRAR  OF  VITAL 
STATISTICS 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir  : — I have  herewith  the  honor  of  submitting  the  thirty-third  an- 
nual report  of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  for  the  year 
ending  December  31,  1909. 

DEATHS. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  4,886  deaths  recorded  representing 
an  annual  death  rate  of  13.21  per  thousand  population  as  against  4,454 
deaths  for  the  year  1908,  when  the  death  rate  was  12.37. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  number  of  deaths  by  years  since 
1869  together  with  the  officially  estimated  population  and  death  rate. 

Population.  Total  Deaths.  Kate  per  1,000. 


1870  71,440  1,495  20.93 

1871  75,000  1,452  19.36 

1872  79,500  2,022  25.43 

1873  83,000  1,878  22.62 

1874  87,000  1,939  22.29 

1875  91,500  1,506  16.46 

1876  95,000  2,128  22.40 

1877  100,000  2,198  21.98 

1878  105,000  1,584  15.09 

1879  110,000  1,978  17.98 

1880  115,587  2,390  20.68 

1881  122,000  2,697  22.10 

1882  130,000  2,729  20.99 

1883  138,000  2,532  18.35 

1884  147,000  2,768  18.83 

1885  156,000  2,796  17.92 

1886  165,000  2,021  18.31 

1887  175,000  3,257  18.61 

1888  185,000  2,426  18.52 

1889  195,000  3,188  16.35 

1890  204,468  3,747  18.33 

1891  214,000  4,689  21.91 


62 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Population. 

Total  Deaths. 

Rate  per  1,000. 

223,000 

4,516 

20.25 

232,000 

4,462 

19.23 

241,000 

4,253 

17.64 

250,000 

3,885 

15.54 

260,000 

3,904 

15.00 

275,000 

3,606 

13.11 

280,000 

3,338 

11.92 

285,000 

3,843 

13.48 

290,000 

4,026 

13.88 

295,000 

3,833 

12.99 

300,000 

3,797 

12.65 

315,000 

4,091 

12.99 

325,000 

4,182 

12.87 

335,000 

4,084 

12.19 

345,000 

4,632 

13.42 

350,000 

4,637 

13.25 

360,000 

4,454 

12.37 

370,000 

4,886 

13.21 

DEATHS — 1894  to  1909  inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH.  ( 3 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


64 


The  following  table  will  show  the  total  deaths,  deaths  of  children 
under  one  year  of  age,  deaths  of  children  from  one  to  five  years  of  age, 
total  deaths  among  children  under  five  years  of  age  to  the  total  deaths. 


Per  Cent. 
Under  Five 


. 

Total 

Deaths. 

Under 
One  Year. 

One  to 
Five  Years. 

Total  Under 
Five  Years. 

to  Total 
Deaths. 

1892 

4,516 

1,479 

744 

2,223 

49.2 

1893 

4,462 

1,653 

664 

2,317 

51.9 

1894 

4,253 

1,441 

650 

2,091 

49.2 

1895 

3,885 

1,339 

486 

1,825 

46.9 

1896 

3,904 

1,297 

494 

1,791 

45.9 

1897 

3,606 

1,077 

425 

1,502 

41.6 

1898 

3,338 

1,010 

336 

1,346 

40.3 

1899 

3,843 

1,113 

428 

1,541 

40.1 

1900 

4,026 

1,247 

484 

1,731 

43.0 

1901 

3,933 

1,001 

329 

1,330 

34.7 

1902 

3,796 

963 

390 

1,353 

35.6 

1903 

4,091 

1,103 

300 

1,403 

34.3 

1904 

4,182 

1,106 

385 

1,491 

35.6 

1905 

4,084 

1,088 

323 

1,411 

34.5 

1906 

4,632 

1,261 

421 

1,682 

36.3 

1907 

4,637 

1,207 

338 

1,545 

33.3 

1908 

4,454 

1,252 

378 

1,630 

36.6 

1909 

4,886 

1,305 

559 

1,864 

38.1 

Total  

74,428 

21,942 

8,134 

30,076 

BIRTHS. 

There  were  9349  births  reported  during  the  year  1909  past,  repre- 
senting an  annual  birth  rate  of  25.27  per  thousand  population,  against 
9,499  births  reported  during  the  year  1908,  with  a birth  rate  of  26.4. 


MARRIAGES. 

There  were  3850  marriages  reported  during  the  year  1909. 

ACCIDENTS 

There  were  2659  accidents  reported  during  the  year  1909. 

FRANK  E.  DARLING,  M.  D., 
Registrar  Vital  Statistics. 


table  a. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Diphtheria  during  the  year  1909. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


65 


TOTAL. 

sq^Baa 

CM  i— 1 • CO  CO  ~f<  • • CO  CM  GO  LO  O CD  rH  • Tt<  CD  t>  CD  O-  ^ • 

120 

14 

sasBQ 

lfi'tf<-'fOt-COSO'*lOOC<lr-llfir-iCO®ieOOOC<Ilrt''tiaiCOLfiT-l 
T-l  CO  -rf  T-l  10  00  -rt*  T— 1 t-  to  eo  rH  1— 1 rf  CO  t-  LO  ffQ 

835 

DEC. 

sq^Baa 

'rjn  CM 

sasBQ 

HHHCMCO^lOCOCOCO^TrCOt>imOOOCOTt<CO 

89 

NOY. 

sq^Baa 

1-1 

; i1^  ; 

• ^ T-l  r-l  rH  • • • • • • -lH  *lH 

CO 

sasBQ 

T-l 

tF  ■?— 1 GO  CM 

COCOCMLOCMOOt^COrt^^LOt^OCOO 

llOS 

sq^Baa 

• • 

H I ; ; 

H H CM  • rH  CO  • • • iH  • rH  • CM  rH 

rH 

S9ST30 


i — I LC  fM  CM 


Sq}Bad 


sasBO 


sq}Baa 


sasBO 


sq}Baa 


S9SB0 


sq^Baa 


sasBQ 


sq^Baa 


sasBQ 


sq^Baa  | 


sasBO  | 1-11-1 


sq^Baa 


sasso  | 


sq;Baa  | 


sasBO 


sq^Baa 


sasBQ  | 


10  00 t-  cd 


LOOSCOHH;D(MOa5CO(Mi 


CM  CO  CO  CO  L- 


CM  • *10  1—110 


a.  LO  i-l  r-\  CD  CM  CM 


CD  CO  CM  CM  CO  » 


CO  CO  CM  CO 


LO  co  10  CO 


I CM  t>-  tr—  CM  CO 


CO  CO  ^ ^ 00 10 


I>(M  CO  H H CO  (M  CO 


I CO  CM  I>-  CD  CM  CM 


CM^PCO^i-ICDLOCO 


CO  00  CM  CO 


+-)  O ^ 

^ 0.5  >> 

r;  r|-  C +J  ^3  eg  W 5 

® C C+rJ  . I I U 

cc®®  £.2  >?>?>. 


<D  <U 


HI  OI . 


CCCO 


sill ssf Ilf  ht.  p » sss  § g § § 

.pH  O.^H.2  (Dm  3 


Yable  b. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  during  the  year  1909. 


66 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


sq}B9d 


S0S"BO 


sin -Baa 


S0SBO 


03NW0>^riC0'^ai0!NH05C(5M(NOO10INHI> 


sinusa 


S9SB0 


sq}B9d 


•NHW  ’HN  -oo 


: 1 


■i-l  -tHCsI  -O 


S9SBQ 


sq}B9d 


LQoowocorrrroia«Mi»i>inioa)  • j co 


as  .hn  • • eg 


S9SB0 


Sq}B9d 


— C5t>oooO'^,-iiHeo^:co<£>'>*i(Moo 


S9SB0 


co  rr  c~  co  eg  ro  ■'+’  uo  co  c-1  eg  eg  1 


Sq}T39d 


S9SBO 


Sq}B9d 


IMH^rltO 


ic-t-cgooocgc^iHi-iO'rfiuO'^cgi 


S9SB3 


sq}B9d 


S9SBO 


sq^B9Q 


^oococ-iot'-cocq^ec' 


<£>^^O>00U0l>-^<MC0 


• 50  CO  tH  lo 


LOHH  •<MC0H00f0^^05t>^(N(NHL0H^HC0O 


sas'BO 


sqi'eea 


ses'BQ 


't-CPCDOOO 


ro  (M  ^ co  • o 


sq^^ea 


sas'BQ 


jq^'BOQ 


I (M  • -CM 


CDC^T-H^LQ^CiCOC^Oq 


t^(M  CO  Oi  CO  CO 


•HH  • CO 


S0ST3O 


OlCOCOCvjCO-rHTH^T^cJiaiOi-OLO  • H lO  H (M  iM  H CO 


>rCjZ|  . 


S'H 

o-~ 

ox: 


ni  rti  ^ , 


(0> 


EC-c  a>; 


<u  ® o a) 


<d  a> 


<D  di 

C +J-t-  p 

J*  m rl 


■M  S'gr-cx: 

tQ  O i-  r-  +->  -i-> 

h §5  5 O £2  * w . . . . - w . . . 

fotthfrfrcG^H£tH£hlHfaft5Qa2HZEHlH 


be  c c <u  > 2 


-r-H  a;  — P-  rC  O .J-C  i 0",H  ^ ^ 


_ „ „ „ c a 

a;  >c  0 <p  a;  dj  © 

rH  E-i  !■ 


TABLE  C. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever  during  the  year  1909. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


67 


sq^a 


S9S130 


CO  .1-1  'Mi 


icqLocqc-i-iiHco-'+'cocO'fcqcco 


Sq}130<j[ 


Cq  • ' 03  Ml  H 1 — 1 tH  CIO  • <M  «£>  cq  CO  Tf  • (TCI  CO  <M1  Tf  Lffl  Cq  cq 


ses'BO 


sq^'Bea 


I S0S'BQ 


nmh  • • cq  1-1  .cq  • r-i  1-1  cq  if  if  co  cq  i-h  cq  cq  • 


sq}T3©a 


ses'BQ 


SIIP0Q 


• cq  . • cq  -imhinh  • -co 


NHHN 


S0ST3Q 


• eo  -,-icqoq  • iH  cq  i-l  1-1  cq  1 


sq^ea 


sas-BO 


sq^-eea 


S0S13O 


• CM  • -Ki 


sqq.'Bea 


1 cq  •'if  • -if  1-1  cq  cq  cq  cq  lo  cq  if  cq  i 


30ST3O 


1 10  cq  cq  l— 1 cq  1— 1 co 


SqiT38a 


sas'BO 


sq^'Baa 


■ cq  i— I i—l  lH  i— 1 CO  CO  i 


S0S13O 


i cq  1 — 1 -l-icqiMoo  • co  cq  co  1-1  oj  to  iH  co  c©  cq  co  co  co  1 


Sq}T30Q 


S0S13O 


cq  cq  if  1-1  co  co  -ifi-icocq  • cq  co  to  if  if  co  lo  no  cq  cq 


sq;'B0Q 


S0ST3Q 


■ cq  co  1-1  th  co  cq  'cocq-iHOo  • • 'IOMhh  *co 


■'C  • • 

-M  G'd+j.S  rj 

CO  O Sh  ^ ^ 


g£: 


• " • ~ rO  * 

< • • • +e  o u . 

iS*  -£83  • 

^ a>  a fl|ccT  ,3 

ggf-ssSss&g 


i-S-C 


5 S 

sSSSSl 


S £2 o£ X > *?.£  §2  £2  oS  * £.^.2  £ £ £ £ O 


TABLE  D. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Measles  during  the  year  1909. 


68 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SaSBQ 


'NH  • C~  CO  -t-i 


sq*Baa 


S8S-B0 


•(M  • r-l  • Cvl  • • Tf  iH  C<1  <M  <M  C<l  CO  -<f  • • r-i  in  • C'Q 


sq^Baa 


sasBQ 


sq^Baa 


sasBQ  | 


CquSCNl  • M 05  tft  00  Its  Tf  O CO  <£>  t~  C-  CO  CO  CO  CO  OO  Tf  CO 


sq}Baa 


S0SBO 


sq^Baa 


•C<1  • • CO 


S8SB0 


sq}Baa 


S9SB0 


sq}Baa 


sasBQ 


sq^Baa 


sasBQ 


sq^Bea 


iH  ’HM  • • -NHMi 


• C\I  •lOH(M(NCnN'tNK5lOiML3tO 


sasBO 


sq^Baa 


sasBO 


sq^Baa 


sasBO 


Sq}B0Q 


•O-iHtNleOlOi-tCslOOO  • <M  r-t  -HCOrHlttHtCi 


S0SBO 


'C 

: 5^ 


%a 


>,^£2 


.rO  "rfl 


S3  £ c c ® S ®®  >•>■>> 

® ® fiscc 


■go  S 0.^73  -m 

£ ££  * £.*?.£  §.2  oS  * ^.S  £ £ £ £ 

focoE-ifcfeccaiH^EHHHE-ifcfecQccH^E-tEHHE-i 


TABLE  E. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Small-Pox  during  the  year  1909. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


69 


TOTAL. 

stnBaa 

S0SBO 

Tt<  C^J  COiH  00 

0<N(NIO(MIOHI>^HHWOHI>CO 
HHHHH  r-i  H^(N  iH 

<M 

206 

DEC. 

sq^BOd 

S0SBO 

NOV. 

sq}B0a 

S0SBO 

OCT. 

sq}B0a 

S0SBO 

LOrH 

— 

CD 

SEPT 

SIHB0Q 

S0SBQ 

1-1 

CO 

AUG. 

sq^B0a 

S0SBO 

JULY 

sq^B0a 

S0SBQ 

JUNE 

sq}B0a 

S0SBO 

OQ 

Cv- 

IO 

1-1 

H 

MAY. 

sq^B0a 

S0SBO 

rH 

t-I  OQ 

1-1 

1-1 

CD 

APR. 

sq}B0a 

||  | |J 

S0SBO 

1-1 

/rH 

2 

1 

1 

11 

CSJ 

§g 

1 

1 

I 

3 2 j 
1 

MCH. 

sq}B0(i 

1 : 

S0SBO 

rH  CO 

IO 

CO  rH 

IO  ID 

LO  rH 

ri(M(MH 

1 “ 

FEB. 

sq^B0a 

M 

1 s 

S0SBO 

i-l  iH 

rH 

CD 

• rH  U- 

OJ  rH 

(Mt^H 

t- 

£ 

sq^B0a 

sas-BQ 


dOOiCvHO 


S'S 


o>  ® ai  .2  >5  >>  >. 
-+->  <13  <U- 


tot  ^sgfSl^tJ^s®^®©©©* 
h ££  oS  * j£  &P.5  S.2  £2  o£  * £.2C.2  £ £ £ £3 


TABLE  F. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  number  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  during  the  year  1909. 


70 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TOTAL. 

sq^Baa 

: : : : r : r 

1 1 „ 
202  16 

sasBO 

HHHNIO 

(NHNOOOOOlOHMOiHOO^lO^ 
(MHH  HH  NNNHH 

DEC. 

sq^Baa 

7-1 

7-1 

sasBQ 

1-1 

CO  CD  rH 

c- 

00 

NOY. 

sq^Baa 

7-1 

7-4 

sasBQ 

y* 

rH  OQ 

TH  TjH 

LO 

00 

rH 

E-f 

O 

O 

sq^Baa 

1-1 

rH 

sasBO 

1-1 

CO 

HNH 

CD 

SEPT 

sq^Baa 

7-1  ! 

■.rH 

sasBO 

rH'tf 

HHH 

rHOHrrH 

<M 

oq 

AUG. 

sq^Baa 

*-* 

; i7-1 

L— 

'CO 

sasBO 

rH  O 

CO 

<M 

HlrtOJ 

ID 

JULY 

sq^Baa 

rH  • rH 

sasBO 

CO 

7-1 

Ty  CO 

CO  CO 

JUNE 

sqpsaa 

c- 

sasBO 

7-1 

rH  <M  rH  <M 

| MAY. 

sq^Baa 

sasBQ 

1-1 

CD 

rH 

K 

Ah 

E 

0 

§ 

sq}Baa 

j 

7-1 

7-1 

sasBO 

sq^Baa 

7-1 

S3SBQ 

1-1 

7-1 

HHH 

(M 

7-1 

Ol 

CO 

I 

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Total 

TABLE  G. 

Showing  by  months  and  wards  the  total  nhmber  of  cases  of  and  deaths  from  Tuberculosis  during  the  year  1909. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


TOTAL. 

sqiuoa 

rHCOrHLOLOCgcOOOOOCgrHCOOOCOrHCgLOrHCOCgrHLOlOCO 
tH  rH  rH  HNCOHWMHHHNHCOWHHN 

396 

sqs'bo 

XlOt>t>l>WGiOfOOHCDHCiHT^t^COLOa5Tt<(M^^O  • 
HH  rH  eg  CO  rH  Cg  rH  rH  ^H  CO  CO  CO  <M  Cg  Cg  CO  Cg  LO  rH  Cg  Cg  • 

O 

CO 

t> 

DEC. 

sqieoa 

1-1  ; 

•eg  • eg  • h eg t-m rH  •egegcgrHrHcgrHrHcgrHcgco 

CO 

CO 

S8ST3Q 

eg  eg 

• rH  CO  LO  rH  ■LOCOCOHCgCOHCgCOLOHHH1Cg  • • 

l'« 

1 

NOV. 

sq^'Bea 

Cg  rH 

• • eg  • -rH  • tH  eg  rH  eg  co  eg  rH  -hcolocohhh 

33 

seseo 

H CO  H •COCgcgcOrHrHCgcgeOt>-rHLOrHLOCgcgLOCg  • • 

o 

CO 

OCT. 

sq^uoa 

• • • <M  rH  >cq  • • rH  rH  rH  eg  CO  rH  • rH  *HH  • • • CO  Cg 

CO 

sosuo 

eg 

LO 

SEPT 

sq^eeQ 

C<1  • 

eg  -rH  -r-iHCg  •HHrHHHCgegHrH  • t— 1 Cg  CO 

eg 

co 

ses'BO 

rH  Oq 

eg  t—\  cg h •egeqege^qrHcococgcoegegiocoLOrH  • 

CO 

AUG. 

sqi'BOQ 

•rH  • rH  • -rH  • rH  rH  •NHHHHOQtHNHhNCO 

1 

IfL 

S0S-BO 

CO 

CO  • eg  • LO  eg  rH  LO  • LO  rHr-ir-iCOtT^COCgcOrH  • 

GO 

co 

JULY 

sq^nea 

1 ' 1 1 

rH  • • • • eg  eg  eg  eg  LO  rr  rH  • CO  • •rHrHCgrH  • 

C5 

eg 

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eg 

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H 

sqi'eea 

eg  • rH  • * cg  rH  co  eg  cg  eg  co  h co  h • h lo  h • rH 

GO 

CO 

S0S'BO 

1-1 

lOegrr^LOLOLOrHCOCOCOCgLOCOrHLOOOCOrH  • • 

00 

MAY. 

sq;'B0a 

• rH  Cg  rH  rH  rH  CO  rH  H Cg  rH  • • •COn'»HrHH  • Cg 

LO 

S0S'BO 

• cg 

CO  CO  CO  H H rH  CO  H • LO  Cg  • Cg  H H rH  Cg  CO  CO  • 

6 0 1 

CL 

sq^uea 

• • • • rH  eg  CO  rH  rH  CO  rH  • H Cg  H CO  rH  LO  Cg  H Cg 

36 

S0S'BQ 

• CO  rH  Cg  rH  CO  rH  Cg  CO  l>- rH  CO  LO  CO  rH  rH  Cg  rH  rH  LO  l>  • CO  • 

1 

j LL 

MCH. 

sq;'B0a 

rH  rH  • Cg  • Cg  H • rH  H LO  Cg  CO  rH  H Cg  Cg  rH  • CO  CO  CO  eg  CO 

43| 

1 

SOS'BQ 

coHHiOcgcocgr-KOcocgcocgiocgcgHcoegoocgTHLO  • 

68 

FEB. 

sq^'Bau 

eg 

co  • t-h  • eg  rH  •cgcorHcgcviHHcgHcg  • eg  • th  i c* 

. . . . . eg 

S0S13O 

cg 

HHCOHCgn  •THt>COOOrHCgcOLOCgrHCg  -rH  • 

CO 

LO 

►“5 

sqpjoa 

1-1 

rH  • h h • eg  • co  rH  eg  lo  rH  eg  * lo  h eg  co  • t-h  eg 

34 

S0ST3O 

COrHrHCOCgcOrHrHCg^rHHeQHrHCgegeg  • • • 

50 

g 

< 

£ 

First 

Second  

Third 1 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth [ 

Seventh j 

Eighth | 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh  

Twelfth 

Thirteenth 

Fourteenth 

Fifteenth  

Sixteenth  

Seventeenth  

Eighteenth  

Nineteenth  

Twentieth 

Twenty-first 

Twenty-second 

Twenty-third 

Hospital 

Total 

CHART  NO.  i. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Typhoid  Fever  for  29  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive. 


72  . ' ANNUAL  LEPOKT  OF  THE 


8 


Black — Per  CeiH.  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  2. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diphtheria  and  Croup  for  29  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  of  health 


73 


lack— Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


74 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CHART  NO.  3. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Scarlet  Fever  for  29  Years,  1881-1909 

Inclusive. 


1 5 

T75  2 

150 

J CM  r* 

3 00  O 

3 00  O 

TT 

0 OO 
0 OO 

1885 

1886 

r- 

GO 

CO 

1888 

1889 

1 

g 

CM 

ON 

OO 

1893 

as 

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1895 

1896 

h- 

ON 

OO 

CO 

a\ 

CO 

1899 

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g 

1061 

' 1902 

CO 

g 

1904 

1 

£ 

On 

g 

8061 

125 

100 

75 

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m 

■ 

I 

t 

1 

I 

1 

25 

I 

1 

mm 

I 

1 

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i 

I 

■ 

I 

i 

0 

1 

1 

1 

I 

fl 

I 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

m 

_ 

1 

1 

| 

■ 

■ 

1 

fl 

m 

1 

A 

Black — per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  4. 

Deaths  from  Measles  for  09  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HE  ALT'  I. 


75 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  5. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Whooping  Cough  for  20  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive. 


76 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


8 


O 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


77 


CHART  NO.  6. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Bronchitis  for  29  Years,  1881-1909 

Inclusive. 


OO 

CO 

1882 

CO 

S 

£! 

'X) 

10 

CO 

CO 

1886 

1887. 

00 

1 

a 

189d 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

250' 

225 

200 

B 

175 

150 

125 

100 

75 

50 

25 

0 

i 

j 

1 

s 

1 

j 

i 

1 

j 

i| 

» 

V 

‘k 

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A 

# 

a 

r 

\ 

A 

v 

r 

\ 

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V 

\ 

'i 

t 

s 

V 

A 

( 

r 

T 

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V 

Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Dine — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  7. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Pneumonia  for  29  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive. 


78 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  8. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Consumption  for  29  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive. 


The  Year  1880  shows  Deaths  of  Hast  Nine  Months  Only. 


CHART  NO.  9. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Diarrhoea  for  29  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive, 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Death;.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 

The  Year  1880  shows  Deaths  Last  Nine  Months  Only. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


81 


CHART  NO.  io. 

Showing-  Deaths  from  Apoplexy  for  29  Years,  1881-1909 
Inclusive. 


Black — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths. 
Dotted  Tine — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


CHART  NO.  ii. 

Showing  Deaths  from  Convlusions  for  29  Years,  1881-1909  Inclusive. 


82 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


COMMISSIONER  OF 


HEALTH. 


83 


» 

• 

L 

» 

\ 

v 

> 

A 

b 

a 

4 

; 

•— 

"A 

V 

A 

A 

7 

V 

r 

>•* 

a 

A 

v 

v 

A 

A- 

A 

V 

A 

r~ 

V 

\ 

r 

* V 

A 

‘V 

'A 

/ 

V 

\ 

/ 

\ 

,y 

V 

lUack — Per  Cent,  of  Total  Deaths.  Dotted  Line — Per  Cent,  of  Population. 


84 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  i — Showing  the  Number  of  Deaths,  According  to  Cause, 
Annual  Death  Rate  per  1,000  for  the  Year  was 


Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Female. 

Male. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign.  j 

Total— All  Causes  |4486  1 1 2661 1 2225 1|2717|  1445 1 694|  30||2350  | 808|1728 


General  Diseases  

1166 

564 

602 

642 

402 

113 

9 

539 

2431  384 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  

78 

46 

32 

40 

36 

2 

25 

26 

27 

2. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3. 

4. 

Measles  

27 

15 

12 

27 

22 

5 

5. 

191 

87 

104 

188 

3 

147 

25 

"i9 

6. 

Whooping  Cough  

16 

5 

11 

16 

12: 

4 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

120 

48 

72 

117 

3 

94 

21 

'”5 

8. 

Grippe .*. 

12 

2 

10 

2 

5 

5 

4; 

8 

9. 

Dysentery 

1 

1 

1 

”‘i 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

H. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

31 

15 

16 

15 

12 

4 

15 

9 

7 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

352 

189 

163 

161 

168 

20 

'”3 

162 

69 

121 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

44 

24 

20 

33 

11 

26 

13 

5 

14. 

Cancer 

259 

107 

152 

27 

153 

75 

4 

25 

58 

176 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

34 

24 

10 

14 

11 

7 

2 

10 

9 

15 

Local  Diseases  

16.  Men.ineit.ia' 

3442|  |C 

18642* 

-581 

1965| 

61 

902 

10 

558 

17 

1752 

51 

| 501 
9 

1189 

11 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’ rage. . 

202 

95 

107 

29 

90 

79 

4 

23 

43 

136 

18. 

Paralysis 

8 

6 

2 

2 

5 

1 

2 

1 

5 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

157 

97 

60 

157 

136 

20 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

66 

41 

25 

30 

24 

12 

16 

17 

33 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

422 

217 

205 

98 

205 

'HI 

* * *8 

81 

86 

255 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

83 

39 

44 

15 

42 

26 

11 

26 

46 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

153 

79 

74 

87 

30 

36 

81 

11 

61 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

488 

279 

209 

336 

101 

51 

279' 

60 

149 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

37 

22 

15 

20 

15 

1 

”’i 

17 

6 

14 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

419 

229 

190 

419 

396 

23 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

43 

23 

20 

26 

10 

7 

19 

12 

"i2 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

54 

24 

30 

17 

23 

14 

16 

13 

25 

29. 

Peritonitis 

32 

13 

19 

10 

19 

3 

10 

10 

12 

30. 

Appendicitis  

39 

22 

17 

20 

17 

2 

14 

13 

m 

31. 

Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

255 

128 

127| 

111 

94 

48 

”'2 

108 

38 

109 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

243 

I 139 

104| 

69 

121 

51 

21 

61 

48 

134 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

26 

! 10 

16 1 

3 

15 

8 

....1 

31 

61 

17 

84. 

Puerperal  Septiesemia  

1 11 

|.... 

1 -11 

I 1 

1 10 

|.... 

1 11  31  7 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

26 

26 

' 1 

25 

41 

10| 

12 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

8 

”5 

3 

8 

6 

1 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

10 

8 

2 

2 

7 

1 

2 

5 

3 

38. 

H vdr  ooephal  u s 

2 

2 

2 

2 

39. 

Other  Malformations  . . 

15 

7 

’ *8 

15 

15 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

422 

268 

154 

422 

408 

13 

1 

41. 

Senile  Debility 

160 

63 

37 1 

4 

39 

107 

....| 

17 

133 

Violence  

275  II  239 

361 

110 

I 139 

22 

41 

I 59 

64 

| 152 

42. 

Suicide 

74 

I 62 

12 

26] 

41 

5 

2! 

1 9 

15| 

50 

43. 

Accidents  

195  | 

1 175 

20| 

82 1 

94 

17 

2! 

1 48 

47| 

100 

44. 

Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

3 1 

3 

2 

1 

...J 

3 

45. 

Homo  cides  

6 1 

2 

4 

"'2 

4 

2 

2 

2 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


85 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  the  Year  1909.  The 
13.21  on  an  estimated  Population  of  370,000. 


AGE. 


O) 

SH 

P I 


|1305|  269|  125 1 89 1 76 1 189 1 88|  103 1 195 1 200|  162 1 149 1 187 j 198 1 223 1 197 j 198 1 200 1 230 1 208 1 181 1 79  | 30 1 4|  1 


57 

1 

70 

1 

51 

53 1 49 
1 1 

102 

2 

361  47 
2 6 

1 

1 921  78 
| 12 | 13 

1 

63 

9 

1 

61 

14 

68 

3 

63 

8 

56 

4 

54 

50 

37 

1 

41 

23 

1 

9 

4 

2 





10 

2 

7 

8 

12 
24 
6! 
19 1 

2 

27 

1 1 

| 18 

2 

31 

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1 

30 

1 

13 

1 

59 

1 

35 

11 



5 

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10 





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1 

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11 

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68 

9 

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55 

2 

4 

2 

3 

43 

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11 

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33 

1 

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29 

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23 

25 

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80 

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481 

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99 

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681  93 1107 1143 1124 11291 1521 182 11821 1721  721  28 

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121 

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351 

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381  391 

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..  .1 

.... 

...i..  1 

... 

1| 

2 

2| 

15 

25 

55 

31 

17 1 

2 

... 

1 6' 

1 7 

21 

1 21 

4 

7 

81 

81 

251 

231 

26 

20|  26| 

271  231  19 

19 

11 

6 

3 

1 3| 

l 

...[... 

|. ...| 

1 

ii 

9| 

31 

7 

3|  10 

11 

1 41  10 

6 

8 

1 

l 

i 

i 5 

.... 

1 7 

.... 

2 

.... 

2 

4 

7 

6 

1 7| 

161 

1 19 

1 18 

16 1 16 1 

15  j 19 1 

9 

13 

3 

"6 

2 

...|  3| . . . 

|.... 

...  | ...  I 

1 

1 

...I... 

li 

1 1 

.... 

l| 1 

1 

l| 

1|...| 

1 

... 

I... 

86 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  2 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Sex. 


Social 

Condition. 


■d 

T3 

CD 

CD 

X 

L £ 
<D  .Eh 

xs  — 

6 

'd 

Oi 

. 0) 

£ 

tu 

o 

3 

d 

'C 

c 

o 

'C 

o 

02  d 

S 

m 

d 

£ 

Q 

1 

Nativity. 


Total— All.  Causes 


387 


202 


185||  178|  1241  80 


4M  1561  751  156 


General  Diseases  

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

2.  Malaria 

3.  Small  Pox  

4.  Measles  

5.  Scarlet  Fever  

6.  Whooping  Cough  

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

8.  Grippe  . . 

9.  Dysentery 

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection. 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

14.  Cancer 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 


93 

8 


1 

9 

1 

14 


7 

28 

6 

16 

3 


43|  50 
4 4 


52 

5 


34)  6 1 

3 


27 

2 


2 

15 


2 


5 

13) 
3 1 
9| 
1 


4 
1 13 
3 
2 
1 


2 1 
13  2 

3 

11  2 
1 1 


1 

5 

2 

3 

1 


1 

10 

1 

8 

2 


Local  Diseases  I 

16.  Meningitis  

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’ rage.. 

18.  Paralysis  

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

29.  Peritonitis 

30.  Appendicitis  

31.  Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  I 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.l 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  I 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases I 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38.  Hydrocephalus 

39.  Other  Malformations  j 

40.  Congenital  Debility  

41.  Senile  Debility | 


271 

I 140 

1 131| 

116 

| 82 

1 71 

1 2| 

107 

48 

I 116 

7 

1 3 

4| 

7 

6 

1 

23 

14 

9 

3 

13 

.... 

6 

.... 

1 1 

3 

*6 

14 

2 

2 

2 

| 

1 

1 

16 

11 

4 

j”*5 

16 

12 

4 

8 

4 

2 

4 

2 

1 

2 

”5 

38 

171 

21 

3 

17 

17 

”’i| 

4 

10 

24 

0 

5 

5 

1 

3 

6 

2 

2 

6 

13 

8I 

5 

7 

2 

4 

6 

2 

5 

46 

27 

19 

281 

1 10 

8 

22 

8 

16 

3 

1 11 
6 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

9 

3 

9 

9 

3 

| 1 

2 

1 

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I 1 

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1 1 

4I 

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’“i 

3 

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2| 

l 

1 

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1 

2 

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lil 

"i 

l 

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1 

20 

1 8 

6 

6 

8 

8 

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26  | 

1 17 

9 

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1 12 

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21 

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19 

.... 

10 

1 2| 

9| 

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I....I 

9 1 

7| 

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2 

6| 

.... 

.... 

11 

.... 

8 

Violence  

42.  Suicide  . . 

43.  Accidents 


44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined. 

45.  Homocides 


23  1 

1 191  4| 

1 HI 

5 1 

1 3|  2| 

1 31 

17  | 

1 15 | 2| 

1 8| 

1 | 

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| , 

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1 l| 1 

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6 13 

1 3 

4 10 


1 .... 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


87 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  January,  1909. 


AGE. 


e3 

kH 

oi 

CO 

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1 

1 

i 

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Cv| 

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LO 

LO 

LO 

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CO 

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05 

| 81 1 13]  9,  3|  6|  21 1 81  3|  16]  18|  19 1 17 1 17 1 13 1 11)  14]  18  ) 251  20 1 19]  21|  12]  31... 


88 


ANNUAL  HEPOET  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO. 


Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Total— All,  Causes 


42 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

d 

A 

d 

o 

ai 
. "d 

& 

d 

s 

<p 

a3 

bi 

g 

d 

(V 

d 

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o 

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£ 

p 

1 

203 1 185 1 1 208 1 121|  56 1 3||  191 | 73 1 124 


6. 


General  Diseases  

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

2.  Malaria 

3.  Small  Pox  

4.  Measles  

5.  Scarlet  Fever  

Whooping-  Coug-h  

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

Grippe * 

Dysentery 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

Cancer 

Other  General  Diseases 


10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 


12  I 
1 
9 
2 
1 


35|  48| 
31  3 


3 

10 

2 

14 

...| 


14 1 - 


35|  21 1 27 
2 1 2|  2 


I - I 1 • 


10 1 2-| 

1| 1 

I 81 1 1 

1 1 

1 ... 


11 


1 

■l  7 
3-|  3 1 ... . 

II  2|  15 

..  II.... 


Local  Diseases  

16.  Meningitis 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.. 

Paralysis 

Convulsions  of  Infants. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 
Other  Diseases  of  Rspirat’y  System. 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 
Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

Peritonitis 

Appendicitis  

Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

Bright’s  Disease 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Ur  inary  Sys. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  I 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases I 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations  

Congenital  Debility  

Senile  Debility  


17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 


278  | 

| 142 

1 136| 

163 

73 

39 

1 3| 

1 1481 

1 45| 

85 

4 1 

2 

1 21 

3 

1 

3| 

1|. 

18 

| 

1 111 

| | 

1 

• 7 

. 9 

1| 

2 

7| 

I . |. 

”9 

12  | 

6 

1 6| 

12 

1 10 

21. 

6 1 

2 

1 4| 

2 

3 

1 

|.... 

11 

"5 

35 

22 

1 131 

13 

16 

5 

”’i 

8 

7| 

20 

4 | 

2 

1 2| 

3 

1 

21 

2 

20  | 

7 

| 13 1 

"is 

4 

is 

3| 

2 

48  1 

1 26 

1 22| 

40 

6 

2 

38 

31 

7 

4 1 

4 

| | 

3 

1 

3 

11. 

18 

8 

1 101 

18 

16 

21. 

|....|. 

2 1 

2 

....| 

2 

....1 

2 

4 II 

41 

1 

3 



21 

2 

3 II 

311.... 

3 

|.... 

21 

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j'"i 

1 11 

1 

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j 

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1 

14  | 

5 

1 9' 

4 

6 

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1 3 

31 

8 

22  II 
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8 

1 141 

! 

4 

11 

6 

11 

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Si 

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41 

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16  || 

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261  11 

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71 

12 

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22 1 1 

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61 

9 

42. 

43. 


Suicide  . . 
Accidents 


44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


89 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  February,  1909. 


AGE. 


c-  c- 

o 

£ I 


108|  21 1 10|  2|  6|  15|  7|  7|  18 1 22|  13 1 13 1 9|  14 1 19 1 14 1 18 1 19 1 19 1 12|  14 1 4]  3|. 


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90 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  4 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


General,  Diseases  

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

2.  Malaria 

3.  Small  Pox  

4.  Measles 

5.  Scarlet  Fever  

6.  Whooping  Cough  

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

8.  Grippe 

9.  Dysentery 

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

14.  Cancer 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 


106  || 
10  I 


5 

3 

4 


1 

39  I 
4 I 
31  I 
i ! 


581  48 | 
8|  21 


4 1 

1 2 


2 3 

1 2 


1 

23|  16 


47 

4 


5 

3 

4 

5 


1 

19 

4 

2 


43 

6 

161 1 

........ 

....j 

| 

j 

........ 

,A.|.... 

2 

i| 

16 

4 

..... 

18 

1 1 

11 

:::: 

39 1 
4 1 


3| 
3| 
3| 
2 1 

....| 

• I 


25 1 42 
1!  5 

...!.... 
2|  — 

i|.... 

3| 

1|  2 


9 12 

1 .... 
7|  22 
• •I  1 


Local  Diseases  

16.  Meningitis  

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.. 

18.  Paralysis  

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

29.  Peritonitis 

30.  Appendicitis  

31.  Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38.  Hydrocephalus 

39.  Other  Malformations  

40.  Congenital  Debility  

41.  Senile  Debility  


302  ||  156|  14611  175|  69 


5 

3| 

211 

51 

17 

1 8| 

| |. 

9 1 1 

31 

11 

16 

1 HI 

511 

... 
16 1 



.... 

7 

4 

311 

4 

2 

34  ||  14| 

2011 

7 

12| 

6 1 

I 31 

3|| 

1| 

3 

23  I 

I 12 1 

nil 

12 

1 6 

66  ||  34 1 

32 1 1 

48| 

12 

4 1 

21 

21  i 

4 

20  | 

81 

1211 

20 

2 1 

H 

111 

1' 

3 1 

1 31. 

...II 

2 

”’i 

3 1 

! ll 

211 

1 

i 

1 | 

1 h. 

• ••Il 

1 

22  | 

1 131 

91| 

7 

8 

18  1 

1 8| 

10l| 

4 

8 

4 1 

1 11 

31,. 

2 

....!!  — I,...  1 1 — I — 

9 II  I Oil  9! 

35  lr  '23i  121  35'.::: 

14  I!  6|  8|!  2j  3 


56  5 

’3  :::: 

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13  2 

2| 1 

5|....| 

6| 1 

...|....| 

...|....| 


11 1 

• ■I 1 

71. . ..1 

61. . ..1 

2| 1 


1511  46 | 105 
4| ' 1I-... 
3|  51  9 

|.... 


131 
2| 

61 

1 

12 
38 
4 

20 1 1 

II  1! 


3 

24 
..|  5 

,.|  11 
12 1 16 


’I  r\. 

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l il. 

;i  si 

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I li 

,|....|. 

,|....|. 


..I....I 

9| 1 


21, 

35| 


1|  13 


Violence  | 16  l|  14 1 211 

42.  Suicide | 6 1 1 5!  11 1 

43.  Accidents  | .10  1 1 9|  1|| 


14.  Other  Causes— III  Defined | || I |! 


41  10!  2| II  3|  31'  10 

1|  5| I II  II  II  4 

3 5|  2|. ...I|  2|  2!  6 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


91 


Sex,  Social  Conditions,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  March  1909. 


6 

7 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

.... 

5 

1 

.... 

9 

2 

7 

2 

6 

1 

9 

2 

5 

9!  Ill  3 

ill  2 

2| 

...1... 

... 

j 

2 

‘"i 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

... 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

. | 

1 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

7 

4 

5 

4 

3 

3 

2 

1 

8 

...| 

1 

5 

2 

4 

5 

1 

2 

2 

- 2 

... 

...| 

.... 

|.... 

L.L 

I...I 

108 

1 

18 

1 

11 

1 

3 

1 

1 

4 

1 

ML.2 

6 

5 

8 

,...| 

1 H 

5 

41 

8! 

10 

141 

12 

20 

25 

12 

81 

31 

f."* 

11 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

5 

3 

| 

|... 

12 

1 

3 

1 

j 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

5 

”3 

1 

H 

. 1 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

3| 

2 

6 

1 1 

5 

3 

2 

1 

1 1 

10 

19 

41 

19 

“i.2 

.... 

1 

8 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

5 

1 

2 

4 

3 

1 

|. . . 

1 

.... 

11 

1 

1 

|.... 

1 

.... 

... 

|... 

| 

1 

1 

1 

| 

j 

|.... 

1 

1 

| 

5 

1 



”'i 

1 

2 

[.... 

1 

.... 

5 

1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

2 

2! 

1 1 

1 3 

1 

|... 

ii 

i| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

,...| 

1 

... 

. . . 

.... 

1.... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

|... 

... 

|... 

.... 

.... 

... 

... 

I... 

.... 

.... 

|.... 

.... 

1.... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

1... 

1... 

... 

2 

34 

.... 

.... 

.... 

... 

... 

... 

|... 

1... 

... 

1.... 

I-... 

1 

I 

!.... 

1... 

1... 

.... 

... 

| 

1 1 

4 

4 

5 

... 

| 

.... 

.... 

1 

1:::: 

1 

I | I 

1 11  1 

4 

I if.... 

4 

2 

■ If  2! 

11  1 

I-  .|-...| 

| | | 

1 

.... 

1.... 

• • 1 

i 

|.... 

1 

1 1 

4 

2 

A! 

1 11 

........ 

... 

1 

......... 

92 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  5 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

<D 

faD 

C 

02 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

ri 

So 

"S 

0 

Total— All,  Causes  | 

452  ||  257|  205| 

| 234 | 142 

i 75 

| HI  205 

| 77! 

\m 

General  Diseases  1 

100 

50 

50 1 

53 

36 

9 

42 

26| 

32 

1. 

Typhoid  Fever  | 

11 

7 

4 

5 

5 

1 

4 

31 

4 

2. 

| 

3 



....1 

4. 

2 

1 

1| 

2 

2| 

8 

4 

4| 

8 

3 

1 

4 

6 

1 

lj 

1 

1 

12 

’3 

91 

| 

12 

10 

2 

8 

rj-rippp,  

| ’.  '.  ’.  ’. 

9. 

Dysentery 

.... 

.... 

10 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases. . . 

.... 

i 

.... 

1.... 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

4 

2 

21 

2 

1 

1 

.... 

2 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

32 

15 

17 ! 

15 

15 

2 

15 

6 

"ii 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis... 

4 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

14. 

Cancer 

, 25 

15 

1 10 

7 

14 

4 

1 3 

9 

"i3 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 

l i| 

1 

1.... 

1 

Local  Diseases  

324 

173|  151 

1 170 

89 

65 

| 158 

46 

| 120 

16. 

Meningitis  

10 

6 

1 4 

8 

2 

1 6| 

3! 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.. 

14 

5 

| 91 

6 

8 

1 3I 

3| 

1 8 

18. 

Paralysis 

.... 

19 

Convulsions  of  Tnfants 

22 

15 

7 

22 

22 

.... 

.... 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

, 7 

6 

| 1 

5 

1 

1 

2 

31 

1 2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

33 

13 

I 20 

7 

16 

10 

5 

6 

I 22 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

8 

1 

1 7 

2 

2 

4 

2 

1 6 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

23 

12 

H 

11 

4 

8 

"ii 

12 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

62 

33|  29 

35 

18 

9 

32 

"'6 

| 24 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Bespirat’y  System 

4 

2 2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

18 

19!  fil 

18 

16 

1 2 

.... 

27 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis  over  2 yrs 

| 

".... 

28'. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

3 

1 

2 

i 

.... 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis  | 

3 

1 

2 

1 

"2 

2 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

31. 

Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

22 

10|  12 

8 

11 

3 

8 

4 

10 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

26 

15 

1 11 

3 

1 15 

8 

5! 

4 

17 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

3 

2|  1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

1 

1 1 

”’i 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

4 

4 

4 

I 1 

3 

uih 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37. 

Disease??  of  T.ommotor  System. 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

| 

........ 

39. 

Other  Malformations 

2 

1 2 

j 

2 

2 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  . . 

41 

1 28 

"ii 

41 

40 

1 

41. 

Senile  Debility  

1 14 

1 6 

8| 

4 

10 

.... 

3 

"ii 

Violence  

28  | 

24 1 4| 

9 

17 

1 

1 h 

1 5 

5 

18 

42. 

Suicide 

11  1 

101  11 

2 

8 

1 

1 0) 

2 

8 

43. 

Accidents  

16  1 

14 1 2 

7 

8 

'"i 

I....II  4 

3 

9 

44. 

Other  Causes  111  Defined 

.I....II.... 

| 

1.. ..)....| 

45! 

Homocides  

1 | 

....|  1||....| 

ii — 1 — 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


93 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  April  1909. 


fi 

5 

1 

4 

2 

9 

3 

4 

12 

6 

8 

7 

3 

8 

3 

5 

5 

4 

2 

31 

1 

...1. .. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

6 

1 

1 

2 

1 

i 

1 

1 

2 

9 

4 

4 

4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

3 

2 

5 

1 

4 

2 

3 

1 

3 

1 

107 

2 

12 

10 

4 

1 

1 5 

6 

6 

61 

8 

9 

71  15 

8 

14 

8 

23 

17 

16 

12 

191 

| 10 
|... 

11 

1 

2 

1 

li 

l; 

...  | 

|...: 

2 

1... 

.... 

....| 

1 

1 

4 

1 

4 

1 

2 

....I 



16 

4 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

... 

2 

I 

2 

6 

2| 

5 

1 

3 

7 

2 

1 

21 

... 

1 

"di 

1 

2 

1 

2 

... 

1... 

9 

1 

1 

2 

1 

5 

2 

2 

15 

”4 

3 

2 

4 

2 

3 

3 

1 

3 

1 

7 

6 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

16 

2 

| 

| 

1 

1 



... 

... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

"i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

6 

ill 

’ i 

2 

”i 

2 

2 

1 

2' 

4 

3 

3 

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

i 

2 

11 

1 2 

....1 

i 

1... 

1 

1... 

1 

L... 

1 

|... 

id- 

| 

3 

1 

1... 

... 

|... 

j... 

.... 

.... 

....1 



... 

|... 

1... 

1 

.... 



... 

1... 

... 

... 

.... 

| 

I... 

2 

.... 

.... 

1.... 

|... 

1... 

1 

41 

L . 

... 

1... 

.... 

.... 

... 

|... 

<ii 

3 

1 6 

1 3 

1 

.... 

1 

| 1 

11.... 

3 

2 

4 

3 

1 

1 5 

I..1 

1 4 

3 

1... 

i.  . 

l . 

1.... 

1.... 

1 1 

1 

2 

3 

3 

1... 

::: 

1... 

| 1 

1 1 

1 3 

1 1 

2 

2 

1 3 

1 1 

1 1 

j... 

...( 

i.  • 

...  2 1 ....  I •••• 1 ....  1 ... . 

...1.  I .1  . 

i 

1::: 

94 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  6 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other",; 
than  Milw. 

I 

£ 

o 

Total— All  Causes  | 459  ||  259|  200 1|  251 1 133|  73 1 2||  217 1 72 1 170 


General  Diseases  

1 H7  1 

1 59| 

58 

1 63| 

43 

1 101 

H 

53 

1 24 1 

40 

1 

4 1 

1 3| 

1 

3 

1| 

2| 

1] 

1 

2. 

1 

| | 

3. 

I 



| 

4 

6 1 

.... 

2 

4 

6 

.... 

61 

5. 

27  | 

16 

| | 

11 

26 

1 

19 

1 1 

5 

3 

6. 

..  ,| 

7 

14 

9 

5 

13 

1 

10 

3 

1 

8. 

Grippe 

1 

1 

1 

...  .1 

1 

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

.... 

11 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

32 

16 

.... 

16 

12 

19, 

1 

t 

13 

3 

11 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

3 

3 

3 

.... 

2 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

29 

9 

“20 

|.... 

21 

7 

1| 

1 

7 

21 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

1 | 

1 

| 

1 

....| 

1 

1 

Local  Diseases  

324  | 

183 

| 141 

181 

82 

! 61 

160 

1 461 

118 

16. 

Meningitis  

10 

7 

3 

9 

1 

9 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’ rage. . 

, 18 

10 

8 

2 

9 

7 

3 

*5 

10 

18. 

Paralysis 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

14 

7 

7 

14 

12 

”’2 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

5 

3 

2: 

3 

2 

3 

”'2 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

37 

1 20 

17 

10 

12 

.... 

15 

.... 

8 

"’7 

22 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

9 

4 

5 

1 

5 

3 

4 

5 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

i 18 

10 

8 

11 

3 

4 

“*8 

2 

8 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

62  | 

38 

24 

42| 

13 

7 

36 

5 

21 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

2 1 

2 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

23  1 

11 

"12 

23 

20 

3 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

3 1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

" 1 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

3 

1 

”‘2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis 

, 3 

2 

1 

:::: 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

7 

4 

3 

1 2 

4 

1 

4 

3 

31. 

Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

28 

16 

12| 

1 12 

8 

8 

"l2 

2 

14 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

, '16 

1 101 

5| 

10 

5 

6 

2 

7 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Geni  to -Urinary  Sys. 

6 

3 

3I 

1 H 

3 

2 

1 

1 

4 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia 

2 

2| 

1.... 

2 

1 

1 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 

2 

2 

2 

1.... 

2 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 | 

i 

....! 

1 1 

11 

.... 

37. 

Diseases1  nf  T.nrnmntnr  System. 

1 | 

1 i 

1 1 

1.... 

1 

1 1 

38. 

Hydrneepha.lus 

L...I 

1.... 

.... 

1.... 

39. 

Other  Malformations 



1 1 

.... 

ll 

Lai 

1 1 

....II  1 

.... 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  . 

1 37  | 

21 

1 16! 

37 

.... 

.... 

| 36 

I....! 

.... 

1 

41. 

Senile  Debility  

1 15  1 

71 

31 

1 1 

4 

I 101 

3 

12 

Violence  

18 

I 17 

HI  7| 

8 

1 2 

1 

4 

2 

12 

42. 

Suicide 

6 

1 5 

111  11 

5 

.... 

....II  1! 

5 

43. 

Accidents  . . 

12 

1 12 1 1 

1 6 

3 

2 

1 

1 3 

r "2 

7 

44. 

Other  Causes  111  Defined 

....I....II.... 

1 1 11 1 1; — 

45. 

Homocides  

....I....II.... 

• — 1 — II  — 1 — !•••• 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


95 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  May  1909. 


AGE. 


d 

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dj 

CM* 

CO 

lo 

o 

o 

o 

CM 

o 

16 

CM 

o 

si 

o 

8 

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o 

o 

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o 

LO 

o 

LO 

LO 

o 

o 

o 

LO 

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o 

o 

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LO 

o 

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CO 

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lo 

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o 

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o 

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| 113|  29 1 14 1 10 1 9|  18|  71  12|  18 1 13 1 14 1 7|  19j  17|  26 1 16 1 18 1 19|  23|  22 1 20 i 12|  4|...| 


7 

8 

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61  51  111  21  4 

121  4 

7 

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61 

1 3 

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41  61  21 

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4 

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6 

2 

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2 

2 

3 

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.... 

. . . | . . . 

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| 106|  211  6 

31  li  1 

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1 

1 4 
1 

71  5 

5 

5 

7 

1 16 

6 

6 

9 

18 

11 

13 

1 15 

|... 

17| 

201 

20 1 10 
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4 . . . 

1 

1, 

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1 

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1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

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3 

... 
f i 

31... 

1 

...... 

1 1 ...  1 

........ 

1 

1 

12 

1 

4 

2 

1 

.... 

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1 

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1 

5 

... 

1| 

31 

2 

i.  i i . 



2 

1 

1 

1 

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1 

3 

1 

3 

5 

5 

1 3 

11  3 
1 

. . . j . . . 

. 

2 

1 

6 

15 

4 

1 

2 

.... 

3 

3 

|. .. 

4! 

4 

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2 

3 

3 

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. . . . 

1 

. ...1 

1 

1 

j... 

4 

2 

2 

3 

2| 

... 

4! 

1.  . 

1 

1 1 

1. . . 

1 

22 1 1| 

1 

.... 

.... 

| 

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... 

...| 

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....1 

1 ....  1 

...| 

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1 

. . . 

11 

11 

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1' 

. .. 
1 

1 

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| . 

............ 

.... 

1.... 

.......... 

........ 

1.... I.... 

1 

1 

2 

1 3 

1 

1 

1 

1... 

....|. ....... 

|.... 

1 . . . . 

j.... 

1 1 

j 

1 

|... 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1' 

"i 

1... 

"2 

1 

"i 

1 

"i 

i i i 

6|....  | 3 

I | 

I.... 

........ 

1 1 

21 

1 

1 

2 

1 

|... 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2|  1 

[.... 



1 2 

I.,.. 

2 

1 

2 

...  . 

• ••I  1 

....... 

j 

........  I ... . 

.... 

1.... 

1 

... 

1 

.... . ...I.... 

......... 

| 

1 

1 1 

... 

1 i i 

........  1 ... . 

.... 

....| 

.... 

.... 

....1 

1 

.... 

....1 

|... 

f ( f . 

1 1 

.... 

| 

1 

...J 

. . . 

i-  i i 

....1. ....... 

.... 

.... 

.. . 

1 

36 

i ....  i ... . 

....1 

• I- 

1 11.... 

.... 

.... 

....  j ... . 

...  J.  i i 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

... 

... 

1 

i| 

6|  4 

3|  | 

... 

... 

... 

....1.... 

I....I.... 

1 3 

11  21  21 

I...I  3|  3 

1.. .1  11  3 

1.. .  2|... 

1 21  11  11... 

....  1' ... . 

ii 

11 

I"2  L.1! 

L. . 

...J  j.  | f '| 

.... 

....  i ....  1 3i 

11  2 

1 1|... 

1....1....1.... 

1 

1 

96 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  7 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


General  Diseases  

114 

50 

64 

60 

43 

10 

1 

49 

25 

40 

4 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

3 

2.  Malaria 

3.  Small  Pox  

....] 

4.  Measles  

5 

4 

1| 

5 

4 

1 

22  | 

12 

10 

22’ 

17 

3 

2 

6.  Whooping-  Cough  

| 

8 

4 

4 

.... 
1 8 

.... 

| 

.... 

6 

2| 

8.  Grippe 

.... 

9.  Dysentery 

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

33 

14 

19 

12 

19 

1 

1 

12 

’”9 

12 

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

5 

3 

2 

5 

4 

1 

14.  Cancer 

29 

7 

22 

4 

17 

8 

3 

" * *8 

18 

15.  Other  Gerferal  Diseases 

6 

4| 

2 

2 

3 

1 

li 

2! 

3 

Local  Diseases  j 

263  | 

1 1411 

1221 

1 156| 

63| 

44 1 

| 135 

40 

88 

16  Meningitis 

2 

1 . 

1 21 

2 

2 

17.  CereBral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage. . 

19 

7 

12 

5 

8 

6 

3 

4 

12 

18.  Paralysis  

.... 

I.-... 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

18 

121 

1 6 

18 

.... 

15 

2 

1 

20.  Other  Diseases’  of  Nervous  System.. 

3 

1 2 

1 1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

41 

21| 

1 20 

10 

23 

8 

.... 

7 

"ii 

23 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

9 

3! 

6 

3 

3 

3 

1 

5 

3 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

12 

5 

1 7 

7 

1 

4 

7 

1 

4 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumoniaj 

| 42 

24| 

18 

32 

7 

3 

24 

6 

12 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

2 

2 

| l 

1 

1 

1 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

18 

11 

• ' ‘y 

18 

18 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

7 

4 

3 

3 

"‘2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

29.  Peritonitis 

3 

| 1 

2 

1 

2 

1 I' 

1 

1 

30.  Appendicitis  .... 

2 | 

I.... 

2 

r 

1 

1 ll 

11 

31.  Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

12  | 

5 

7 

6 

3 

3 

6 

§ 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

14 

6 

1 8 

7 

4 

3 

.... 

6 

"3 

5 

33.  Other  Dis’sfss  of  Genito-TJrinary  Sys. 

1 

| l 

| 

1 

1 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

2 

1 2| 

2 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases. 

11 

11 

| 

1 

.... 

1 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 

i 

i 

....I 

1 

37  DifiP,n.SiP’Si  of  Tinmmntnr  Systpm 

.... 

38.  Hydrocephalus  . 

1 

l 

.... 

....| 

l 

1 

39  Other  Malformations 

1 

j i 

1 1 

i 

1 

40.  Congenital  Debility  . . 

36 

26 

1 10| 

36 

.... 

35 

1 

41.  Senile  Debility  

13  | 

1 7 

1 6| 

2 

11 

....[ 

1 

”i2 

Violence  

1 20  | 

19 

11 

1 H 

7 

2 

.... 

1 4 

1 9 

7 

42.  Suicide 

1 4 | 

4 

..••I 

I 2 

1 

1 

| 1 

2 

1 

43.  Accidents  

1 *6  | 

15 

r ii 

1 » 

6 

1 

r 3 

r 7 

6 

44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined 

1 

i in. ... 

1 

1.... 

1 

45.  Homocides  

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


97 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  June,  1909. 


AGE. 


of 

<D 

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CO 

LO 

o 

LO 

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0 

§ 

o 

a 

o 

a 

o 

no 

CO 

6 

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o 

O 

o 

no 

O 

no 

no 

O 

o 

ZD 

o 

to 

ZD 

o 

o 

L- 

o 

o 

o 

oo 

o 

c3 

q 

a 

o 

IQ 

OO 

O 

o 

o 

o 

a 

o 

O 

O 

O 

o 

o 

no 

a 

LCO 

o 

no 

o 

no 

o 

o 

LO 

-*-» 

o 

no 

no 

o 

no 

P 

<N 

CO 

CO 

CO 

no 

no 

ZD  , 

ZD 

l - 

(X) 

00 

oo 

05 

| 98 1 25 1 12 1 10|  7|  21 1 4|  11|  20|  18|  17 1 10 1 16|  10|  17|  18|  11|  12|  21|  23 1 14 1 21 ... | 1|... 


9 

6 

8 

4 

3 

11 

21  4 

6 

.... 

9 

1 

4 

1 

7 

10 

1 

5 

3 

8 

5 

5 

4 

1 

1 

| 

3 

2 

1 

...A.... 



6 

2 

2 

9 

11  1 
I-.... 

.... 



1 2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

:::::::: 

... 

i 



... 

1 







i 







.... 

i 

11 

1 

1 

• • -1 

...i  ... 

.... 

.... 

i 

3 

i.  i i 

i 

6 

1 6 

3 

6 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

"‘i 

.... 

i! 

1 

1 2 

4 

si 

3 

4 

4 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

....1 



| 



1 



... 

87 

18 

4 

5 

1 

1 

4 

10 

2 

1 

...  J 

1 6 

9|  9 

1 

I..11 

2 

6 

5 

12 

8 

6 

10 

15 

18 

13|  2 

11 

l 

I1 

1 

j 

D 

1 

4 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

...1 

j 

.... 

1 

1... 

12 

3 

1 

2 

1 

j .. 

. .j 

.... 

1 

2 

1 

I 

1 

1 

2 

"2 

...j..; 

... 

1 

2 

1 1 
5 
9 

ll  i 21  A 



3 

5 

2 

3 

5 

2 

5 

1 

3 

1 

31  1 

...1 

1 

3 

"ii 

1 

1 

1 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

3' 

| 

i 21  11  1 



3 

| 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

16 

2 

1 i 

1..:. 

|.... 

. . . j . . . 

2 

1! 



1 1 

1 

1 

..4... 

1 1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 2 
[ 

1 1 

l 

1 1 

1 2 

1... 

..4... 

3 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 i 
1 i 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

... 

... 

...1... 

1 

1 

••  .|  • .| 

2 

1 

2 

... 

1 

... 

....  i ...  i ...  . 

... 

li  1 

! 

|... 

|... 

... 



.... 

! l 

... 

1 

1 

i| 

....  1 ....  1 . . 

... 

... 

|... 





.... 

... 

| 

| j | j 

| 

| . . . 

...... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

j . . . j . . . 

i 

36 

........  | ....  1 ... . 

| 

1 . . . i . . . 

i...  |..., 

| | j 

...... 

i 

3 

i 7!  i 

I...I  1 

2 

l 

0)| 

11  R 

2 

1 1 
1 

l . 

1 21  2 
...j... 

2 

1 

1 

1 11 

1 

1 

4 

::: 

2 

1 i 

1 

| 

1 

2 

... 

... 

1 2|  2 

I... 

] | | 

1 . . . f | 

1 

j | | 

1 

I 

98 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  8 — Showing  Deaths  Accor  dirt  p-  to  Op ti.se. 


Geni 

1. 

■2. 

eral  Diseases  

Typhoid  Fever  

| 100  1 

! 42 

li 

i 58| 
2| 

57 

2 

35 

1 

1 7 

| 

1 1 

| 46 

19 

2 

35 

1 

Malaria 

• • • • 1 

:3. 

Small  Pox  

| 

| 

■4. 

Measles  

4 i 

2 

2 

4 

3 

i 

:5. 

Scarlet  Fever  

25 

8 

17 

25 

19 

4 

2 

6. 

Whooping-  Cough  

2 

2 

2 

2 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

7 

i 

6 

6 

1 

6 

1 

8*. 

Grippe 

9. 

Dysentery 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

1 

l 

1 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

27 

14 

"ii 

12 

14 

1 

10 

7 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

2 1 

2 

1 2 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

26 

"i3 

| 18 

1 2 

18 

6 

3 

3 

”20 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 1 

2 

1 

1 1 

1 

"‘i 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases  1 

275  | 

1511 

124| 

155 

76 

43 

1 

1 138 

37 

100 

16. 

Meningitis  

7 

5 

2| 

7 

5 

1 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.. 

15 

7 

8 

1 

10 

4 

4 

11 

18. 

Paralysis  

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 1 

9 1 

3 

6| 

9 

8 

1 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System..  | 

5 1 

3 

2| 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

21. 

Org-anic  Heart  Disease 1 

38  1 

23 

1 15 1 

13 

16 

8 

”'i 

8 

10 

"26 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System.  I 

11  1 

6 

I 5| 

3 

6 

2 

2 

2 

7 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic | 

I 2 | 

l! 

1 1| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

33  | 

181 

15 1 

26 

’*5 

2 

23 

"‘3 

7 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

2 

| 1 

1| 

.... 

.... 

21.... 

2 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

50  1 

1 30 

20 

II  5< 

)|... 

.1.... 

| 50 

1.... 

|.... 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

11  1 

6 

51 

6) 

1 41 

1 i 

....1 

1 5> 

1 1 

1 5 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

2 1 

11 

1 

1 

....| 

1 

.... 

1 11 

1 

29. 

Peritonitis 1 

1 1 

lj 

1 

....1 

.... 

”'i 

30. 

Appendicitis  

3 1 

”’2 

11 

"i 

1 

1 

....1 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

31. 

Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

16  1 

7 

91 

4 

10 

2 

.... 

3 

1 

12 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease 

21  1 

13 

81 

4 

13 

4 

,...l 

5 

4 

12 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys 

| 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

1 j 

1| 

1 

.... 

....1 

.... 

1' 

35. 

O t h er  P u e rp  eral  D i s ease  s 

3 1 

31 

....I 

'i 

2 

.... 

2 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 | 

i 

1 

1 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

| 

38. 

Hydrocephalus  . , 

| 

.... 

39. 

Other  Malformations  

j 

.... 

.... 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

26  j 

151 

hi 

26 

....  1 

25 

I....I 

ll 

41. 

Senile  Debility  

18  | 

1 9| 

9| 

5 

13 

....1 

il 

.... 

17 

Violence  

1 25  I 

I 23 

1 21 

1 13 

1 11 

1 

4 

4 

1 17 

42. 

Suicide 

| 71!  61 

1 111 

6 

1 

lj 

6 

43. 

Accidents  

1 18  II  17 

1 H 

1 7 

10 

l|.... 

4 

1 11 

44. 

Other  Causes — 111  Defined | 

1 |l... .1 

111 

1 

....1 

I....I 

.... 

1 

45. 

Homocides  | 



,...||.... 

,...| 

|.... 

.... 

.... 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


99 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  July,  1909. 


AGE. 


d 

O) 

!* 

fn 

<t> 

CO 

LO 

g 

l d 
0 

8 

o 

lo 

o 

o 

CO 

o 

IO 

CO 

6 

o 

o 

in 

o 

s 

o 

LO 

LO 

o 

o 

CO 

o 

LO 

CD 

O 

o 

1- 

o 

t2 

o 

o 

oo 

O 

£ 

o 

O 

05 

o 

o 

O 

o 

0 

'd 

c 

o 

■*-> 

O 

O 

o 

o 

-p 

■*"* 

.■*-* 

4J 

+J 

4J 

* 

<M 

CO 

10 

o 

LO 

8 

a 

o 

CO 

LO 

CO 

o 

LO 

o 

ira 

s 

o 

l> 

LO 

8 

oo 

8 

LO 

05 

| 94.  32 1 13 1 13|  5)  18 1 5 1 3|  22|  13|  11 1 11|  9|  23|  19|  16|  13|  18 1 17 1 21 1 13|  9|  2|  1|... 


2 

ii 

4 

7 

5 

9 

2 

2 

12 

1 

4|  4 

3 

3 

6 

4 

4 

4 

3 

5 

6 

1... 

... 

... 

.... 

........ 

j.... 



.... 

....  j ... . 

1 

”i 

2 

5 

2 

’"4 

1 

4 





2 

8 

1 

1 

........ 

2 

2 

1 

1 

j 

.... 

|... 

... ,).... 

|... 

......... 

1 

....  f ... . 

1 

1 

9 

1 

i a 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

... 

.... 

... 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

1 6 

.... 

.... 

| 

... 

. . . 

. .. 

... 

92 

2 

21 

9 

1 

6 

2 

1 7 

I...2 

1 3] 

1 1 

1 5 

1 7 

4 

7 

! 4 
|... 

13 

14 

11 

8 

13 

I 12 1 14 1 13 
1 

1 8 

j... 

1 2 

1 



.... 

|..... 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 11 

|... 

j.... 

... 

|... 

... 

|... 

7 

1 

1 



.... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

... 

| 

1 

3 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

... 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5 

3 

4 

1 

2 

3 

1 2 

1 2 

1 

[.... 

1 

|. . . 

... 

il 

... 

!::: 

|.  .. 

7 

13 

2 

.... 

2 

1 

f/.y. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 i 

2 

|... 

... 

i 

... 

::: 

43 

...7I 

f.... 

[... 

[... 

i... 

... 

|... 

|... 

3 

2 

11 
,..  J 

1 

11 

... 

l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 



.... 

.... 

.... 

. 

f.... 

... 

... 

.... 

.... 

1 

i 

... 

1 

3 

... 

...1 

... 

i 

3 

1 

....| 

....| 

1 

2 

"i 

3 

2 

...] 

1 

4 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

-1 

1 

2 

1 

| 

1 

3 

i 

1 

1 

..... 

21 

1' 

....I 

....1 

,...| 

. i 

........ ..1 

1 

26| 

....1 

....  i ... . 

2 

2 

61 

61 

1 

i 

1 | 

2 

... .] 

5 

2 

3 

9?)  91 

1 

1 1 4 

11  11 

1 

9.1 

l! 

1 

21 

1 1 

1 

9 

l| 

. 1 

11 

11 

| | 

....I 

2 

.... 

,...| 

.... 

9 

1 

... 

11 

ii 

1 

lj 

1 

| | 

| . f | r |. . . . r i | . . . .1 . . ! . i. . . . 

• • • 1 

1| 

...1... 

1 ...  1 . 1.  ! | 

1 

1 

100 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  9 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

| 

Total  Deaths. 

! Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

a) 

! ^ 
S 

Female. 

<D 

bh 

c 

K 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

Foreign. 

Total— All  Causes  

418  ||  240|  178|i  266 

| 99 1 51)  3| 

| 237  | 62 1 119 

General  Diseases  

| 87 

43 

44 1 

1 51 

22 

12 

2| 

42 

16|.  29 

1. 

2. 

Typhoid  Fever 

7 

4 

31 

| 

5 

2 

3 

3|  i 

Malaria 

1 

1 

1 

..1  1 

3. 

Small  Pox  

| | 

4. 

Measles  

2 

1| 

if 

2 

1 

ii 

5. 

Rr.a  rl  At  Eav er  

20 

61 

1 14 1 

20 

16 

2|  2 
| 

6. 

Whooping  Cough  

2 

2 

2 

2 

7. 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

6 

.... 

3 1 

6 

1 

5 

| i 

8. 

Grippe 

9. 

Dysentery 

j | 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

1 i 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemia  Infection. 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i !)  1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

20 

13 

7 

8 

9 

2 

”‘i 

8 

1 41  8 

13 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

3 

2 

01 

3 

3 

|...  .. 

14. 

Cancer 

20 

9 

11 

! 2 

9 

8 

l 

2 

4i  14 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 1 

2 

11 

1 

1 

1 

11  H 1 

I 58 
1 1 

1 5| 

1 38 

1 

| 182.| 

1 2| 

1 L 

39 

2 

31 

1 77 
1 1 
8 

1 ... 

3 

| 

1 

1 ftf 1 

1 

1 

i! 

.... 

1 

11 

9 

i4,  , 

1 8| 

3 

1 15 

3| 

1 

....| 

1 2| 

21 

2 

1 

1 1|. 

| 1 

3 

1 6 

... 

11 

...| 

3 

| 1 

1 2| . 

2 

1 961 

7| 



1 2 

1 4| 

.... 

2 

l'"i 

1 4 

4 

41 

1 5 

2 

1.4 

| 1 

1 

i 

8 

3 

.... 

1 8| 

2 

'"8 

8 

4 

1 2| 

3 

11 

2 

0' 

.... 

.... 

1 

3 

.... 

L...  . 

1 

1 

........ 

1 2 

if 

2 

11. 

11. ...1 

371 

5 

L... 

2 

12 

....|. 

' 14 

Local.  Diseases  

16.  Meningitis  

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage. . 

Paralysis 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 
Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 
Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 
Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

Peritonitis 

Appendicitis  

Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

Bright’s  Disease  

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

Hydrocephalus 

Other  Malformations  

Congenital  Debility  

Senile  Debility 


17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 


298 

5 

11 


9 

2 

26 

6 

2 

10 

4 

103 

7 

9 

3 
1 

18 

16 

4 


1691  129 
4|  1 

5|  6 


1 I 
1 I 
42  | 
14  I 


71  2 

II  1 

III  15 

3|  3 

2 .... 
71  3| 

21  2| 
57|  46 | 
41  3| 

3|  61 

2|  11 
11....) 
9|  9| 

91  7| 

21  2| 

...I....I 

...I  11 


21  11 

11 1 

11. ...I 

33|  9| 

3|  11| 


Violence  

1 32  II 

281 

4| 

131 

18 1 1 

....II 

13| 

71 

12 

42.  Suicide 

| 8 If 

61 

2’ 

31 

41  1 

....II 

l| 

21 

5 

43.  Accidents  .... 

| 24  II 

22 1 

21 

101 

14  .... 

....| 

12| 

51 

7 

44.  Other  Causes— 111  Defined. 

45.  Homocides 


1 II.... 


H....I. 


I — I. 


,l....l. 


.1  1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


101 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  August,  1909. 


AGE. 


u, 

d 

<u 

O 

© 

tH 

§ 

1 

n$ 

C<J 

8 

no 

CO 

o 

no 

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102 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  io — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

Total  Deaths. 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Divorced. 

Milwaukee. 

U.  S.  other 
than  Milw. 

a 

bp 

2 

0 

fa 

Total— All  Causes  

| 425  ||  224  | 201||  276|  103|  42j 

4 1 1 262|  47 1 116 

General  Diseases  

94 

| 40 

54 

| 54 

t 3C 

J i 

) 

1 

| 53 

I 151 

26 

1. 

7 

3 

4 

! E 

2 

a 

3 

2. 

Malaria 

' 

3. 

Small  Pox  

1 | 

4. 

Measles  

1 

| l 

... 

a 

1 

........ 

5. 

Scarlet  Fever  

16 

3 

13 

16 

15 

1 

6, 

Whooping'  Cough  

1 

1 

1 

'”11 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

9 

’4 

5 

9 

9 

'l 

8, 

Grippe 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

9. 

Dysentery 

1 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

i 

11. 

Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

3 

2 

1 

It! 

2 

1 

2 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

31 

16 

15 

18 

12 

1 

20 

’"5 

6 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

1 

1 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

16 

4 

"l2 

1 

8 

7 

. 

... 

1 

4 

”ii 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

7 

6 

1 

3 

2 

1! 

11 

4 

1 

2 

Local  Diseases  

312  | 

169 

143 

| 214 

| 64 

| 31 

I 

3 

205| 

271 

80 

16. 

Meningitis  

4 | 

2 

2 

3 

1 

3| 

| 

1 

17. 

Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage. . 

H 1 

5 

6 

2 

4 

5 

1: 

11 

j 

10 

18. 

Paralysis  

1. 

....| 

19. 

Convulsions  of  Infants 

7 

21 

5 

7 

7 

20. 

Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

7 

6I 

1 

4 

2 

1 

... 

3 

11 

3 

21. 

Organic  Heart  Disease 

29 

15 1 

14 

9 

10 

8 

2| 

7| 

41 

18 

22. 

Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System 

4 

3| 

1 

4 

1| 

2 

1 

23. 

Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

10 

5 

5| 

"‘5 

2 

3 

5 

1 

4 

24. 

Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

17 

U| 

6|| 

11 

6 

8| 

2 

7 

25. 

Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

4 

2 1 

2 j 

2 

1 

1 

1| 

3 

26. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

92 

46| 

46 1 

92 

90| 

"2 

27. 

Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

5 

5 

5 

3 

21 . 

28. 

Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

9 

'**6 

3 

2 

6 

1 

3| 

11 

’5 

29. 

Peritonitis 

3 

2 

1 

21 

1 

....| 

1 11 

1| 

1 

30. 

Appendicitis  

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3| , 

...1 

1 

31. 

Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

32 

16 

16 

18 

9 

4 

1 

171 

5 

10 

32. 

Bright’s  Disease  

22 

15 

7 

6 

10 

6 

7 

31 

12 

33. 

Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

....  | 

1 

...1 

34. 

Puerperal  Septicaemia  

.... 

j| 

....  i ....  i ... . 

35. 

Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

2 

.... 

2|  | 

21 

.... 

i|. 

1 

36. 

Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

1 

l|, 

(I 

”i 

i|. 

37. 

Diseases  of  Locomotor  System. 

1 

H. 

...... 

|| 

1! 

1 

38. 

Hydrocephalus 

1 

39. 

Other  Malformations  . . 

2 

l| 

1 

2 

21 ...  _ 

40. 

Congenital  Debility  

41  | 

25| 

16 1 

41 

....  1 

41 1.  ...  1 ...  . 

41. 

Senile  Debility  j 

5 1 

3| 

2| 

3| 

2 1 

....  1 

,...| 

2| 

3 

Violence 1 

19  || 

15| 

4 1 1 

81 

9 

2 

..1 

4| 

5] 

10 

42. 

Suicide 1 

6 II 

51 

111 

2! 

3 

1 

..1 

11 

11 

4 

43. 

Accidents 1 

12  || 

101 

2 

6 

5 

1 

• •I 

3| 

3| 

6 

44. 

Other  Causes — Til  Defined |. 

| 

1 | 

...  .1.... 

....11. 

* 

45. 

Homocides  | 

1 1 

....1  1| 

7| 

| 

l| 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


103 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  September,  1909. 


AGE. 


Under  1 Year.  | 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

o 

4-> 

CO 

4 to  5. 

© 

o 

LO 

10  to  15. 

15  to  20. 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

30  to  35. 

O 

O 

LO 

CO 

1 40  to  45. 

j 45  to  50. 

1 50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  to  75. 

75  to  80. 

80  to  85. 

85  to  90. 

90  to  95. 

95  to  100. 

Over  100. 

157 

29 

11 

7 

3 

14 

4 

14 

14 

18 

121 

6|  20 1 19 1 14 1 16 1 14 

6|  11|  23 | 10 | 

2! 

1 11 

4 

8 

4 

6 

3 

8 

1' 

8 

5 

8 

71 

21 

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41  II 
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31...! 


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I....I. 


104 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  ii — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 


Total — All  Causes 


General  Diseases  

1.  Typhoid  Fever  

2.  Malaria * 

3..  Small  Pox  

4.  Measles  

5.  Scarlet  Fever  : — 

6.  Whooping-  Cough  

7.  Diphtheria  and  Croup 

S.  Grippe  . . 

9.  Dysentery 

10.  Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

11.  Purulent  and  Septicsemic  Infection. 

12.  Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

13.  Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

14.  Cancer 

15.  Other  General  Diseases 


Local  Diseases  

16.  Meningitis  

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage.. 

18.  Paralysis 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

29.  Peritonitis 

30.  Appendicitis  

31.  Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

32.  Bright’s  Disease  

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38.  Hydrocephalus 

39.  Other  Malformations  

40.  Congenital  Debility  

41.  Senile  Debility  


Violence  . . .. 

42.  Suicide  . . 

43.  Accidents 


44.  Other  Causes — 111  Defined. 

45.  Homocides  


Qj 

Q 

Sex. 

QJ  1 

cj 

3 

QJ 

s 

o - 
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d 

l-H 

p 

Social 

Condition. 

£ 

'O 

£ 

CD 

a) 

& 

0) 

£ 

o 

&D 

£ 

£ 

L 

L 

c 3 

O 

o 

> 

s 

Nativity. 


399  ||  224 1 175||  225|  121|  50| 


oM 
• fl 
m oi 

P5 


194|  59 | 146 


49  45||  57 

3 1|| 4|. 


1 

17 1 10 
il  3 
9|  10 
2|  1| 


71 


48  21[  25 

31  1 


181 

1|. 

101 


II  2 

..|.... 

4 .... 


11. 

12 1 
2 
3 

1 • 


5 10 

2 .... 
6|  10 
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1541  12711  159 


ll 
7J 
I 2 

| 24 
4 


5 

24 
1 

18|  12 

1 

i ii  ii 

I 2|  2j 

I 13 | 131 

I 71  111 

|....|  11 
I....I  3 

2 
2 


I ll- 

1....I. 


I 1 

| 39 
I 15 


I 11.... 

I 26|  13) 

I 6|  9 1 


1 

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14  9 


142| 

5| 


31)  108 
1 
17 
1 


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71  23 
4 
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111. 


I 28| 

I ll- 
I ll- 


2| . 


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! n 


i....i. 
i ii. 
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• •I  2 

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2|.... 
4|  10 
4|  7 

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2! 

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. . I 1 
. . I . . 


| 15 


I 21| 
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I....I. 


I 1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


105 


Sex,  Social  Condition.  Nativity  and  Age,  for  October,  1909. 


age. 


Under  1 Year. 

1 to  2. 

2 to  3. 

o 

4 to  5. 

5 to  10. 

10  to  15. 

o 

o 

20  to  25. 

25  to  30. 

i-O 

CO 

6 

o 

CO 

35  to  40. 

40  to  45. 

45  to  50. 

50  to  55. 

55  to  60. 

60  to  65. 

65  to  70. 

70  to  75. 

75  to  80. 

»Q 

OO 

O 

ob 

85  to  90. 

>o 

Oi 

0 

0 

at 

0 

0 

<P 

Over  100.  j 

98 

26 

11 

9 

9 

18 1 

91 

111 

15 

101 

17 1 16 1 19 1 17 1 14 1 14 1 H|  20|  18 1 15 1 17 

1 5| 

... 

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5 

6 

4 

7 

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51 

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7 

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81 

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ANNUAL  EEPOET  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  12 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


1 

Sex. 

Social 

Condition. 

Nativity. 

CAUSE  OF  DEATH. 

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Total— All  Causes  ! 354  ||  196 1 158||  183|  121|  47 1 3||  152|  64j  138 


CJ-U'-NTTr'  T?  A T lATSTT!  A STHH  

86  | 

49 

1 371 

49 

5 

I 33 

4|....| 
11 1 

1 43- 

15 

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3 

1. 

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9 

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Malaria  

|| 

Small  Pox  

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ii 

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6. 

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8 

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1 

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1 



1 

Dysentery 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases 

j.... 

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Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

2 1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

29  | 

15 

14 

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14 

2 

13 

2! 

i.4 

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4 1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

3 

1 

Cancer  

14 

2 

2 

4 

9 

1 

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3 

11 

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1 

1 

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16.  Meningitis  I 

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage..! 

18.  Paralysis 

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs.i 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs..| 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions.! 

29.  Peritonitis ! 

30.  Appendicitis  I 

31.  Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System..! 

32.  Bright’s  Disease J 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys.| 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  ! 

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases ! 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue.! 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System ! 

38.  Hydrocephalus j 

39.  Other  Malformations  I 

40.  Congenital  Debility  ...I 

41.  Senile  Debility  | 


Violence  . . .. 

42.  Suicide  . . 

43.  Accidents 


44.  Other  Causes— 111  Defined. 

45.  Homocides 


246 

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COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


107 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  November,  1909. 


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108 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  13 — Showing  Deaths  According  to  Cause, 


Gen] 

1. 

2. 

eral  Diseases  

Typhoid  Fever 

92 

5 

46 

3 

46 

2 

61 

5 

21 

8 

2 

1 46| 
...8! 

| 15] 

1 

i 31 

1 

Malaria 

3! 

Small  Pox  

.... 

4. 

Measles  

1 

1 

1 

.... 

1 

.... 

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5. 

Sca.rlet  Fever  

12 

9 

3 

12 

8 

2 

2 

6. 

Whooping  Cough  

2 

2 

2 

1 

l 1 

Diphtheria  and  Croup 

14 

*”4 

10 

14 

10 

4 

& 

Grippe 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

“'2 

9. 

Dysentery 

j 

10. 

Other  Epidemic  Diseases... 

H. 

Purulent  and  Septicaemic  Infection. 

3 I 

1 2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

12. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  

31  1 

18 

13 

21 

8 

1 

1 

19 

”'2 

10 

13. 

Other  forms  of  Tuberculosis 

2 I 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

14. 

Cancer 

16 

6 

10 

9 

6 

1 

1 

2 

13 

15. 

Other  General  Diseases 

3 1 

2 

1 

"'3 

1 

1 

1 

Local,  Diseases  .• 

16.  Meningitis  

17.  Cerebral  Congestion  and  Hem’rage  . . 

18.  Paralysis  

19.  Convulsions  of  Infants 

20.  Other  Diseases  of  Nervous  System.. 

21.  Organic  Heart  Disease 

22.  Other  Diseases  of  Circulat’y  System. 

23.  Bronchitis,  Acute  and  Chronic 

24.  Pneumonia  and  Broncho-Pneumonia. 

25.  Other  Diseases  of  Respirat’y  System 

26.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  under  2 yrs. 

27.  Diarrhoea  and  Enteritis,  over  2 yrs.. 

28.  Hernias  and  Intestinal  Obstructions. 

29.  Peritonitis 

30.  Appendicitis  

31.  Other  Disease  of  Digestive  System.. 

32.  Bright’s  Disease 

33.  Other  Dis’ses  of  Genito-Urinary  Sys. 

34.  Puerperal  Septicaemia  

35.  Other  Puerperal  Diseases 

36.  Disease  of  Skin  and  Cellular  Tissue. 

37.  Diseases  of  Locomotor  System 

38.  Hydrocephalus 

39.  Other  Malformations  

40.  Congenital  Debility  

41.  Senile  Debility  


268 

6 

22 

| 148| 
4: 
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2 

1 12 

162 

4 

5 

168 

2 

7 

38 

129 

3 

4 

43 

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10 

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45.  Homocides  | 

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| | 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


109 


Sex,  Social  Condition,  Nativity  and  Age,  for  December,  1909. 


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| 

1 ii 

... 

... 

1 

4 

1 

1 

3 

5 

1 

10 

1 

...| 

... 

...| 

...i... 

1 

.. 

1 

2 

1... 

1 

1 

6 

i 

7 

1 

4 

”i 

1 

2 

3 

1 

■2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

...j... 

1 

2 

.... 

3 

....1 



1 

1 

. . . i . . . 

l 

1 

4 

2 

6 

!”’ii 

i 

i...7 

2 

2 

5 

1 

1 

.... 

11 

2 

2 

|] 

1 

1 

1 ! 

3 

1 

i 

j...|...|... 

' 24 

2 



| 

. . . | | . 

... 

1 

.... 

.... 

1 

|... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

1 

. . . | . . . 1 . . . 

1 i 

... 

1 

.7.  ...1  . 

1 

2 

1 



1 

1 1 

1 

. . . i . . . | . . . 

.... 

1 

1 

i 

1 

2 
1 
1 
1 

u 

\ 1 

"ii 

1 

3 

3 

1 

|... 

...j...  ... 

9 

3 

1 

4 

i 

2 

1 

1 

2 

i 1 

1 

3 

1 

...j... 

| 

i 

[... 

|... 

. . . 1 . . . j . . . 

1 1 


. . : 1 ...  . 1 . . . 

HI 

.... 

.... 

... 

... 

::::::::: 

| 

... 

... 

1 

i ...  i . . . 



| 

::.i 

|... 

i 1 
33 



......... 

1 . . d 

.... 



| 

1... 

... 

i... 

... 

i 

1 

|... 

... 

1... 

1... 

|... 

1 

...|  1 

.... 

I...1 

1 

1 

....|  1 

| 

1 11 

n 21  4i  i 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

|..3! 

I..1 

i j i . . . i . . . i . ... 

....r....  .... 

1 1 

1 

!..  j... 

1 li  1 

1 SI.  _ 

! i i i j 

r 

t... 

1 

....|  1 

. . . i 

i : i i;  2 

1 3 

i Ti . - i i 

j i 

i i i 

» 

. . . .| | 

. . ; . r. I 1 1 

...1.  1 1 1 

110 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  14 — Showing  by  Wards  the  Estimated  Population,  Total 

More  Important  Causes, 


WARDS. 

Population. 

Total  Deaths. 

Monthly  Death  Rate. 

Deaths  underl  year. 

Deaths  1 to  5 years. 

First 

100001 

99 

9.90 

17 

1 1 

7 

10700 

95 

9.81 

27 

11 

Third 

6400 

77 

12.03 

30 

7 

Frmrth 

11700 

156 

13.08 

51 

16 

Fifth 

11200 

132 

11.78 

41 

15 

1 

Sixth  

| 15700^ 

| 174 

1 

11.08 

1 

35 

18| 

Seventh  

7500 

64 

8.53 

9 

1 

Eighth  

12300 

114 

9.26 

24 

11 

Ninth  

21100 

161 

7.66 

46 

16 

Tpnth  

19700 

213 

10.81 

38 

19 

Eleventh  

| 31000 

310 

10.00 

105 

54 

Twelfth 

16100 

213 

1 

113.23 

59 

33 

Thirteenth 

23300 

251 

110.78 

66 

24 

Fourteenth 

29500 

655 

1 

122.20 

246 

144 

Fifteenth 

15200 

1 

166110.92 

32 

4 

Sixteenth  

12200 

125 

1 

10.24 

23 

4 

Seventeenth  

14300 

191 

13.35 

49 

36 

Eighteenth 

18600 

| 

200 

10.75 

55 

19 

n6t66nth 

| 14800 

146 

9.86 

30 

20 

Twentieth 

23400 

247 

10.55 

1 63 

30 

Twenty-first 

17400 

206 

11.84 

1 

1 61 

21 

Twenty-second 

16200 

145 

8.95 

| 53 

7 

Twenty-third 

11700 

125 

10.69 

| 28 

11 

621 

1 117 

31 

Ta+q1 

370000 

4886 

11305 

559| 

1 

1 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONED  OF  HEALTH. 


Ill 


Deaths,  Annual  Death  Rate  and  Number  of  Deaths  from  some  of  the 
for  the  Year  1909. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATHS. 

WARDS. 

Typhoid  Fever. 

Measles. 

Scarlet  Fever. 

Whooping  Cough. 

Diphtheria. 

Small  Pox. 

Tubercular  Diseases. 

Cancer. 

Nervous  System. 

Circulatory  System. 

Bronchitis. 

Pneumonia. 

Nephritis. 

Diarrhoeel  under  5 
years. 

Violence. 

3 

2 

11 

8 

11 

18 

3 

6 

. 

5 

3 

1 

First 

1 

1 

1 

3 

5 

11 

13 

3 

10 

3 

5 

6 

Second 

1 

1 

1 

4 

7 

6 

13 

7 

j 9 

11 

5 

Third 

2 

2 

3 

15 

6 

16 

17 

17 

( 

5 

18 

18 

Fourth 

2 

3 

5 

7 

13 

11 

9 

19 

3 

17 

12 

Fifth 

1 

1 

2 

4 

12 

14 

20 

25 

2 

21 

12 

10 

12 

3 

4 

9 

17 

3 

6 

4 

2 

4 

. . Seventh 

2 

1 

8 

8 

12 

11 

5 

7 

8 

7 

5 

Eighth 

1 

5 

3 

18 

7 

27 

12 

9 

18 

9 

11 

6 

Ninth 

1 

3 

12 

22 

14 

31 

25 

9 

19 

10 

13 

7 

2 

7 

10 

1 

8 

34 

14 

31 

21 

12 

41 

13 

36 

9 

5 

3 

15 

1 

5 

16 

5 

22 

18 

9 

24 

7 

22 

13 

Twelfth 

2 

4 

1 

10 

28 

19 

29 

24 

4 

22 

10 

23 

4 

7 

7 

87 

1 

16 

36 

16 

44 

25 

25 

77 

25 

112 

11 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

14 

19 

26 

29 

2 

6 

15 

5 

5 

Fifteenth 

1 

2 

12 

12 

11 

21 

1 

13 

10 

5 

8 

Sixteenth 

3 

14 

1 

4 

I 

15 

6 

17 

26 

8 

19 

10 

27 

6 

Seventeenth 

4 

2 

6 

6 

1 

21 

12 

20 

31 

8! 

18 

6 

16 

11 

3 

1 

7 

7 

13 

6 

15 

18 

6 

[ 

9 

9 

10 

5 

3 

1 

4 

4 

6 

32 

10 

28 

1 

20 

8[ 

32 

12 

16 

7 

Twentieth 

4 

3 

1 

7 

' I 

24 

12 

20 

30 

2 

! 18 

9 

27 

8 

i 

2 

4! 

. . . i 

15 

9 

22 

20 

2 

11 

12! 

8 

3| 

Twenty- second 

1 3 
1 

..  . 

1 

1 3 

I 

2 

! 

15 

6I 

1 

11 

16 

4 

9 

1 

10| 

4 

1 

91 

| 30 

1 13 

14 

1 

-1 

231 

1 

36 

51 

51 

6 

59 

2 7 1 

1 

25 

9 8 1 

1 

1 78 

1 1 

27  191 

1 

| 16|120| 
1 

1 1 1 
...  |396|259| 
1 1 

1 ' 1 
|504|505| 
1 1 

1 1 1 

153M488I243 

J 1 1 

1 1 

1 4 3 5 1 2 7 5 1 Total 

112 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  15. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Number  of  Deaths  Occurring  in  the  Various 
Public  and  Private  Institutions,  Hospitals,  Reformatories, 
etc.,  for  the  Year  1909. 


HOSPITALS. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

1 November. 

| December. 

Emergency 

14 

1 

1 

1 6 

4 

6 

1 

2 

8 

4 

8 

8 

4 

6 

3 

Milwaukee 

5 

4 

2 

11 

5 

4 

8 

10 

7 

10 

6 

4 

Home  for  Aged 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

1 

1 

3 

3 

2 

2 

1 

3 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

St.  Mary’s  

4 

4 

3 

10 

3 

2 

1 

1 4 

1 

3 

2 

4 

Trinity 

8 

5 

6 

8 

5 

4 

5 

4 

8 

8 

10 

6 

Lake  Side  

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Children’s 

6 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

7 

5 

3 

4 

Isolation 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

1 

3 

3 

Misericordia  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Mt.  Sinai  

5 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 

3 

2 

3 

6 

St.  Vincents  

2 

1 

16 

3 

I 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

l 

3 

2 

TTnusp  of  Mfirny  

1 

| . . . 

Post  Graduate  

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Milwaukee  Infant’s  Home 

1 

2 

4 

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Hanover  i 

3 

3 

2 

3 

4 

3 

2 

2 

St  Joseph's  

4 

2 

6 

6 

5 

6 

4 

6 

2 

7 

5 

Knowlton 

4 

5 

4 

2 

1 

3 

! 3 

3 

Protestant  Home  Aged 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Others ! 

2 

1 

1 

3 

i 

Sa.ored  Heart  | 

1 

1 

1 

Milwa.ukee  TYTediea.l  Sehnnl | 

. . . 

1 

1 

"Notre  Dame  1 

3 

2 

2 

Police  Station  | 

1 

. . . 

1 

House  of  Correction | 

| . . . 

| 1 

1 2 

1 

1 

1 

Milwaukee  Maternity  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Countv  Jail  

1 

1 

. . . 

Total ^ 

1 

I 56 

1 45 

1 

54 

1 

75 

1 

1 

1 48 

1 

| 44 

1 34 

1 

1 53| 
1 

| 59 

50 

52 

51 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


113 


TABLE  NO.  16. 

Showing  the  Nativity  of  those  Dying  in  the  City  During  1909. 


UNITED  STATES. 


FOREIGN. 


New  York  

Illinois 

Michigan 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania  . . 

Missouri 

Massachusetts  . 

Vermont 

Iowa 

Connecticut  . . . . 

Indiana 

Maine  

Minnesota  . . . . 
New  Jersey 

Maryland 

Kentucky  

Colorado  . . 

Nebraska  

California  . . . . 

Texas  

North  Carolina 

Alabama 

South  Carolina 
.Louisianna  . . . 
Arkansas  


,350 

Germany 

436 

Poland 

88 

Ireland 

56 

Austria 

35 

England 

30 

Russia 

27 

Bohemia 

9 

Canada  

21 

Norway 

9 

Italy  

8 

Scotland 

6 

Holland 

10 

Denmark 

4 

Switzerland 

4 

France  

4 

Greece  

4 

Wales 

4 

Sweden 

3 

Australia 

2 

3 

Roumania 

2 

Belgium 

2 

2 

Bulgaria 

2 

Turkey  

1 

1 

Nova  Scotia  

3 

Unknown  

1 

Total  . . . 

1.728 

1 

Grand  Total  

4,886 

37 

i,158 

114 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  1 7. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Disposition  in  the  Various  Cemeteries  and 
Otherwise,  of  Bodies  of  Those  for  Whom  Burial  or  Removal 
Permits  were  Issued  During  the  Year  1909. 


Cemeteries, 

Etc. 


Union 

Forest  Home  . . . 
Forest  Home  Cr 

Calvary 

Polish  Union  . . . 
Pilgrims  Rest  . . 
Wanderers  Rest 

Trinity 

County  Cem.  . . . 
Outside  of  Milw. 

Spring  Hill  

Second  Home 

Greenwood 

Mt.  Olivet  

Holy  Cross  

Anat.  Purposes  . . 


January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Permits  for 
Still  Births. 

Grand  Total. 

1 

69 

71 

91 

1 

| 72 

1 

J102 

1 

j 78 

94 

67 

82 

76 

j 80 

87 

1 

969 

85 

1054 

| 50 

39 

35 

| 56 

| 44 

r 

| 46 

r 

, 41 

28 

43 

1 34 

J 32 

42 

490 

23 

513 

6 

2 

5 

1 

3 

i 

3 

1 

1 3 

4 

3 

5 

5 

5 

47 

47 

91 

94 

118 

113 

90 

51 

1 28 
| 

38 

38 

41 

37 

39 

778 

61 

839 

42 

59 

51 

60 

77 

! 85 

|101 

113 

97 

86 

55 

48 

874 

57 

931 

37 

41 

35 

45 

1 

40 

j 33 

28 

28 

28 

26 

25 

30 

396 

38 

434 

17 

1 

23 

34 

27 

25 

1 17 

11 

18 

24 

20 

16 

24 

256 

29 

285 

1 

6 

7 

3 

13 

12 

6 

6 

8 

9 

8 

7 

3 

88 

5 

93 

9 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

8 

3 

5 

4 

5 

3 

56 

20 

76 

1 51 

38 

44 

44 

52 

36 

35 

45 

33 

38 

36 

42 

494 

13 

507 

1 4 

I 

1 

3 

2 

3 

. . .j 

1 3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

25 

• . .1 

25 

1 2 
1 

1 

2 

4 

3 

1 

1 

2 

7 

4 

2 

29 

9 

38 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

2| 

1 

3| 

5 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

8 

1 

2 

1 

7 

15 

53 

1 

16 

58 

i 6| 
1 1 

J.  . .] 

4 

2 

2 

6 

26 

6 

35 

3 

54 

5 

26 

. . . | 

59 

44 

441 

46] 

308 

334 

J 1 

1.  . . 1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

8| 

1 

3 

11 

1 1 

3| 

CO 

00 

CO 

O* 

00 

CO 

424! 

f 

452! 

1 

459 

! 

398|401 

I 

418 

425 

399 

354 

381 

OO 

OO 

05 

375 

5261 

Total 


C ( ) M M I S S 1 ONER  OF  HEALTH. 


115 


TABLE  NO.  18. 

Showing  by  Months  the  Occupations  of  those  Dying  in  the  City  During 

the  Year  1909. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

1 

j 

1 

I 

1 . . . 

1 

j. . , 

1 

; 

1 

1 

i 

1 

• 

1 

4 

1 

A rt i st i . . . 

1 

1 

2 

Baggageman 

1 

1 

Baker 

[ l] 

[ . . . 

j... 

1 

1 1 

1 

lj 

1 

1 

1 

\ 

Banker 

i 

1 

1 

I • • • 

2 

Barber  

1 

\ 1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

14 

Bartender 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 . . 

1 

2 

1 

8 

Blacksmith 

l 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

11 

Boiler  maker  

1 

| . . . 

1 . . . 

1 

Bookbinder | 

1 

[ . . . 

] 

' 

1 

I 

f 1 

Bookkeeper j 

li 

1 

2 

1 

1 1 

1 

[ . . . 

1 

[ 

| 

1 

1 

1 

g 

Bottler { 

1 

1 

1 1 1 

1 

• 

[ . 

1 

4 

Box  maker  

J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Brakeman 

1 

"1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Brass  plater  

1 

| 1 

Brewer  . . 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

12 

Brick  layer  

1 

• • •) 

1 

2 

Bridgetender 

1 

2 

1 

? 

Butcher | 

1 

..  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

0 

Buyer } 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

l 

0 

3 

Cabinet  maker  J 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

J 

1 n 

Candy  maKer  j 

1 

x 

’ “l 
11 

1 

i! 

I 

X u 

Car  builder  

1 

1 

0 

1 

Carpenter  

4 

3 

1 

2 

5 

3 

1 

4 

6 

... 

7 

6 

X 

43 

Carpet  weaver  

1 

. . .1 

...1 

1 

1 

1 i 

1 

] 

116 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  1 8. — Oontinued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Cashier 

1 

i 

1 

Casket  maker  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Chauffeur 

1 

1 

Cigar  maker  

1 

1 

1 3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

If 

Cattle  dealer  

1 

1 

1 1! 

1 . . 

J 

| ! 

Chair  caner  

1 

. . 

1 

. . . 

! i 

1 

j . . . 

l 

Chemist i 

1 

i 

j 

2 

Clerk 

... 

1 

1 4| 

1 

1 3 

3 

7 

5 

4 

2 

1 

6 

2 

2 

J 

3] 

i u 

i 

i 42 

Coachman 

t . . . 

1 

1 

Coal  dealer  

1 

| 

2 

1 

4 

Conductor  

2 

1 

1 

1 

5 

Contractor 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

Cook 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Cooper  

... 
j 1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

9 

Core  maker  

u . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

V 

3 

Custodian 

1 

r 

1 

Cotton  spinner 

1 

1 

Cutter 

| . . . 

1 

1 

Dentist 

... 

1 

1 

l 

1 

3 

Detective 

l 

i i 

Distiller  . . . . 

I 1 

| . . . 

|.  . . 

x 

1 

l 

2 

Delivery  man  

i 

1. . . 

l 

1 

Draftsman 

1 1 

1 2 

| . . . 

| 1 

1] 

i 

1 

5 

Dressmaker 

1 1 

1.  . 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

Druggist  ....  

1 

[ . . . 

1 

1 

3 

1 

R 

Editor  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 o 
1 

Electrician 

1 

1 

. . . | 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

\ 

1 

1 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


117 


TABLE  NO.  18. — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 


a 

_ s 

fl  I 

a I ® 

h5  fr 


Elevator  man  

Engineer 

Engraver 

Expressman 

Factory  girl  

Farmer 

fireman 

Flagman 

Fisherman 

Fish  dealer  

Florist 

Foreman  or  Woman 

Fruit  seller 

Finisher  

Furrier 

Gardener  

Glove  maker 

Glass  blower  

Glass  polisher  

Glass  setter  

Grain  dealer  

Grocer 

Harness  maker  

Healer 

Hotel  keeper  

Hide  buyer  . j 1 

Horse  trainer  


I I I I 


1 

6 

I i 


I 
[ 

I I 

, ! • 


I 

•I  1 
11  2| 


I I 


I 


I I I 

I I I 

11  H H 

i I ' 

I 


[ 


.1  1 
I 


Horse  shoer  f . . . | | [ 

II  I I 


|...|, 


...I 


I I 


1 

15 

1 

1 

3 

21 

21 

3 

5 

2 

3 
9 
1 
1 
2 

5 • 

4 
2 
1 
1 
1 
2 
3 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 


Total. 


118 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  18. — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

& 

o 

a 

§ 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December 

1 

53 

<1; 

| 60 

1 

j 70 

69 

1 

1 

51 

1 

45 

1 

38 

33 

1 

J 

49 

J 

43 

37 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

! 

1 l 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

| 1 

1... 

| 1 

| . . . 

1 

23 

| . . . 

15 

I 20 

' 

24 

29 

1 

20 
. . . | 

1 

211 

[ 27 

15 

! 

25 

1 

21 

211 

i 

Lamp  trimmer  

1 

Lather 

1 

1 

2 

... 

1 

Laundress  

1 

Laundryman  . 

j. . . 

1 

j 1 

Lawyer ...... 

I.  . . 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

...  1 

Liveryman 

1 

| . . . 

1 

i 

Lineman 

1 

I . . . 

I . . . 

I . . . 

1 

| . . . 

I . . . 

1 

| 

1 

| 

11 

; 

Lumberman 

1 

| 1 

1 

1 

j 1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

1 . . . 

1 1 

1 

3 

1 

| . . . 

Machinist j 

4 

4 

5] 

1 

1 H 

1 

1 3 

4 

2 

7 

1 

2 

I 61 

Mailman 

! . . . 

1 1 

1 

| . . . 

1 . . . 

1 

I 1 

1 . . . 

1 . . 

I | 

Maltster 

... 

1 

1 

1 

| . . . 

1 

1 1 

1 X. 

1 

1 

1 

| . . . 

| . . . 

1 

1 1 

| [ 

Manager 

,j 

I 

| 

1 

1 1 
1 

| | 

Manufacturer 

1 

1 

1 

! 

i i 

i 

Marble  polisher  

1 

Marble  setter  

1 

Mason 

2 

1 

| . . . 

2 

1 

1 

i 

1 

Matron i 

< 

1 

Merchant 

2 

2 

5 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

2 

5 

7 

Metal  polisher  

1 

i 

j 

Meter  reader  

1 

! 

Midwife j 

[.  . .| 

I...I 

!...' 

1 

Milkman | 

! 

1 

1 l1 

! 

1 

’ 

. . . 

I 

1 

1 

! 

cj 

-4-1 

O 

609 

6 

4 

10 

2 

261 

1 

4 

1 

1 

7 

1 

•* 

2 

41 

2 

1 

3 

4 
1 
1 
7 
1 

37 

7 

1 

1 


1 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


119 


TABLE  NO.  18. — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Miller  , . . . 

f 

i 

'I 

J 1 

ii... 

1 

[ l 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

5 

/' 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 6 

[ 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

2 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

15 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

g 

Newsboy 

1 . . . 

1 

[ 1 

Net  worker  

[.  . . 

1 

1 

1 

No  occupation 

18 

1 

30 

31 

1 

29 

32| 

27 

I 

17 

24 

32 

28 

23 

18 

1 

309 

Operator 

| 1 

1 

| . . . 

1 

Packer  

1 

1 

1 

! 

1 . . . 

1 

1 

b 

Painter 

2 

1 

1 

•7 

1 1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

13 

Pattern  maker 

1 

1 

1 . . . 

1 

2 

Peddler 

1 

lj 

. . . | 

1 

! 

1 

j l 

1 

. . . | 

; i 

1 

3 

g 

Photographer 

1 

1 

1 

1 

! 

2 

Physician 

1 

I 

] 

2 

1 

5 

Piano  finisher  

1 

. . . | 

1 

. . .| 

. . . | 

1 

1 

Piano  mover  

1 

1 

. . . | 

1 

. . . | 

1 

. . . | 

1 

. . . | 

1 

Pipe  cutter  

1 

...  I 

! 

...! 

..1 

1! 

1 

Plasterer  

1 

. . . | 

1 

i 

1 

. . . 1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

Plater  

1 

1 

1 

1 

Plumber 

1 

I 

. . . 1 

1 

i 

l 

1 

U 

1 

l 

1 

5 

Policeman 

2| 

1 

. . . | 

i 

. . .i 

l 

[ 

0 

Porter 

1 

1 

ii 

2 

1 

1 

T" 

i i 

6 

Potter | 

1 

1 

] 

| 

1 

Printer | 

1! 

1 

. . . | 

1 

i 

2 

i 

1 

! 

j 

2! 

1 

10 

Pressman I 

. . . I 

1 

f 

i 

. . .j 

l 

j 

7 i 

i 

2 

1 

1 

I 

i 

1 

1 

ill 

1*20 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  NO.  1 8. — Continued. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


121 


TABLE  NO.  1 8. — Continued. 


OCCUPATION. 

January 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September.  . 

October. 

November. 

December.  | 

Total. 

Vtudent  

2 

4 

2 

4 

r 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1| 

1 

20 

Superintendent 

1 

2 

1 

4 

Switcliman | 

1 

I . . . 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

6 

Tailor 

O 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

1 

22 

Tanner  

2 

3 

... 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

13 

Teacher  

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

g 

Teamster 

1 

2 

4 

1 

3 

2 

3 

1 

3 

4 

2 

1 

26 

Telegraph  Operator  

1 

i i 

Telephone  Operator  

1 

1 

1 2 

Tinner ^ 

1 

3 

4 

I 

5 

Trunk  maker  

1... 

. 

1 

1 

i • • • 

4 

J 

Undertaker | 

1 . . . 

!... 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Upholsterer 

1 

1 

] 

1 

3 

Watchman ' 

i 

2 

i 

i 

1 

4 

Waiter 

i... 

....... 

1 

1 

' 

1 

2 

Willow  worker  

f 

i i 

• • • 

4 

Wood  carver  

1 

1 

...... 

1 1 
. . . 1 . . . 

] 

Wood  worker  

i 

1 

1 . . . 

. . . 

1 

. . . | . 

i i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

-L 

I 

122 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


BIRTHS  1909. 

Table  Showing  Reported  Births,  as  to  Color,  Sex  and  by  Whom  Re- 
ported, by  Months. 


COLOR,  SEX. 

BY  WHOM  REPORTED. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

White 

'818 

813 

800 

789 

669 

805 

1 1 

750 

794 

767 

740 

775 

1 

818 

9338: 

Negro 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1| 

I 11 

Male 

434 

428 

423 

426 

335 

... 

435 

401 

428 

388 

397 

380 

439 

4914 

Female | 

384 

386 

377 

364 

335 

| 

370 

350 

370 

379 

343 

397 

380 

443^ 

Physician 

1416 

1456 

'452 

! 

447 

410 

436 

402 

438| 

449| 

406 

437 

427 

5176 

Midwife 

398 

355| 

1 

CO 

cn 

CO 
CO 
i— 1 

251 

355 

340 

356 

304 

331 

335 

380 

4081 

Father 

. . . | 

l 

. . . 1 

3 

3 

1 

1 

8 

Mother 

...1 

1 

...| 

2 

4 

6 

Other  Persons  1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

3| 

1 

1 

3| 

] 

91 

1 

9 

1 

9 

9 

1 

4 

9 

3 

] 

4 

12 
' 1 

78 

Total 


1 8 1 S i 8 1 4 
! I 


I ! I I I ! I I 1 r 

800|790|670|805l751|798|7bY|740|777|819|9349> 
I I I I I I I I I I 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


123 


NATIVITY  OF  FATHER. 


BIRTHPLACE. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

ivpril. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milwaukee 

123 

1 1 
109|120 

134 

121 

1 

136 

124' 

120 

' 1 
1 91 

1 

100 

1 

124 

1 

1131 

1415 

Wisconsin 

136| 

154| 

153 

1 

158 

125. 

1401 

14211341 

160 

1651 

158 

161 

1786 

Others  of  United  States 

86 

100 

1 

90 

98 

74 

107 

100 

i 

98 

75 

86 

90 

| 70 

1074 

Germany 

169 

194 

187 

159 

| 

16u 

L168 

174 

180 

199 

171 

151 

146 

2058 

Other  European  countries 

297 

241 

233 

| 

227 

176 

232 

198 

248 

228 

211 

244 

316 

2851 

Unknown  or  not  stated 

7 

1 

16 

1 

17 

I 

14 

14 

22 

13 

18 

14 

71 

10 

13 

165 

: 

Total 

1 1 1 1 

818|814|800|790 
I 1 I 1 

670 

1 

1 

8051751 

1 

OO 

05 

1 7 6 7 

1 

7401777 

1 1 : 

819^349 

I 1 

NATIVITY  OF  MOTHER. 


BIRTHPLACE. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

' 1 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

Milwaukee 

145 

165 

170 

154 

147 

1 6 8 J 

153 

153 

132 

126 

156 

120 

1789 

Wisconsin | 

170 

171 

200 

1 1 9 5 

159 

1 8 1 J 

177 

CO 

214 

181 

207| 

192 

2220 

Others  of  United  States | 

! 

92 

103 

68 

93 

70 

10l| 

98 

92 

83 

95 

80 

7 3 1 

1048 

Germany 1 

138 

170 

153 

144 

138 

OO 

J 38 

142 

143 

148 

129 

147 

1736 

Other  European  countries 

272 

202 

207 

204 

153 

20  5 1 

I 

I—1 

OO 

233 

195 

188|205 

286 

2536 

Unknown  or  not  stated 

1 

3 

2 

3 

! 

2 

1 

1 

5| 

1 

2| 

1 

|.  . . 

1 

20 

Total j 

‘818 

814 

800 

1 

790 

1 

670 

j 

805(751 
1 1 

III! 
798|767|740|777| 
1 1 1 

819 

9349 

124 


ANNUAL  EEPOET  OF  THE 


BIRTHS  REPORTED  BY  WARDS  FOR  THE  YEAR  1909. 


WARDS. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total. 

First  

5 

7 

1 

14 

I 

11 

7 

8 

1 

12 

1 

10 

1 

9 

1 

7 

1 

12j 

1 

• 7 

109 

Second  

24 

19 

23 

24 1 

11 

13 

15 

26 

25 

14 

17 

16 

227 

Third 

108 

29 

7 

18i 

111 

9 

30 

11 

12 

16 

14 

77 

342 

Fourth 

22 

23j 

24 

17 

151 

18 

15 

16 

19 

12 

16 

17 

214 

Fifth 

23 

23 

21 1 

25 

15l 

I 

19 

23 

: 16 

20 

2 6 1 

22 

21 

25* 

Sixth 

31 

1 

24  J 

29l 

38 

1 

3 1 1 

3o| 

1 

38 

30 

! 40 

29! 

I 

46 

• 

37 

l 403 

1 

Seventh  

9 

111 

11 

6 

6| 

8 

3 

10 

7 

1 

| 6 

5 

12 

94 

Eighth  

21 

16 

20 

18 

23 

20 

12 

12 

10 

18 

18 

19 

207 

Ninth  

37 

56 

39 

36 

39 

' 

46 

39 

44 

37 

33 

43 

35 

484 

Tenth  

28 

34 

37 

39 

34 

40 

34 

35 

29 

32 

31 

30 

403 

Eleventh  

54 

75 

74 

72 

69 

89 

61 

69 

62 

62 

61 

62 

80D 

Twelfth 

18 

| 26 

l 

34; 

I 

i 33 

16 

29 

28 

40 

40 

24 

41 

31 

360 

Thirteenth 

44 

57 

1 1 

| 44 

| 46 

54 

1 39 

55 

48 

1 43 

64 

49 

49 

I 

594 

Fourteenth 

112 

1 1 2 j 1 3 2 

114 

73 

111 

106 

136 

106 

1 

99 

115 

ill 

1317 

Fifteenth 

47' 

29 

20 

38 

36 

40 

33 

I 

! 24 

28 

20 

34 

34 

I 383 

Sixteenth 

9 

15 

21 

20 

14 

17 

13 

| 25 

23 

20 

18 

26 

221 

Seventeenth  

37 

| 26 

29 

29 

19 

j 33 

30 

1 28 
1 

39 

30 

1 29 

22 

351 

Eighteenth  

40 

40 

49 

41 

26 

35 

29 

1 

31 

47 

52 

46 

37 

473 

Nineteenth 

29 

30 

34 

25 

27 

1 30 

32 

22 

24 

38 

27 

24 

342 

Twentieth 

45 

58 

38 

47 

53 

43 

38 

53 

I 36 

38 

45 

59 

553 

Twenty-first 

33 

46 

I 

46 

1 

39 

44 

I 

51 

43 

47 

I 

I 53 

38 

40 

41 

1 

521 

Twenty-second 

19 

1 34 

1 31 

1 29 

1 

22 

| 60 
1 

j 48 

40 

| 

| 38 

| 42 

31 

1 

32 

426 

Twenty-third 

23 

J 

24 

j 23 

25 

25 

1 17 
1 

| 24 

25 

1 

j 

I 20 
1 

| 20 
I 

15 

20 

261 

Total 

js  1 8 

8141800 

I 

790 

670 

805 

! 75 1 
1 

OO 

a 

767 

1 

|740 

777 

819 

9349 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


125 


MARRIAGES  1909. 


BOTH  PARTIES. 


BIRTHPLACE. 


MONTHS. 

Wis- 

consin. 

United 

States. 

Ger- 

many. 

Other 

Euro- 

pean 

Coun- 

tries. 

Not 

Given. 

j 

0 

0 

Negro 

H 

W 

H 

W 

H 

W 

H 

W 

H 

w 

H 

w 

: 

January ] 

! 

199| 

1 

8 5 1 

1 

104 1 

1 

33 1 

1 

23 

1 

1 

28 1 

28 

47 

38 

1 

6 

6| 

1 

11 

1 

1 

1 

February  

262 

| 104 

140 

57 

38 

34 

33 

67 

51 

1 

1 

March 

177 

1 

63] 

83 

36 

37 

12 

10 

66 

46 

1 

lj 

i 

1 

April 

226 

119 

136 

44 

35 

2 2 1 

25 

40 

29 

1 

1 

2 

1 1 

1 

May 

291 

126 

161 

57 

38 

4 0 1 

31 

67 

60 

1 

1 

I! 

1 1 

1 

June 

I 523 

1 

283 

350 

87 

66 

60 

36 

93 

71 

1 

July 

| 331 

172 

205 

65 

50 

34 

27 

59 

48 

1 

1 

1 

1 

August | 

! 311| 

1 

142| 

175 

74 

59 

26 

| 

21 

68 

56 1 

1 

I 

5 

3 

September 

| 

| 459 

235 

J 

276 

89 

82 

52 

39 

83 

61 

1 

|... 

r 

1 

3 

3 

October 

| 

| 414 

179 

243 

80 

57 

[ 

75 

41 

| 80' 

1 

73 

1 

November 

1 

445 

204 

266 

81 

59 

68 

i 44 

1 

92 

76 

I 

2 

2 

December 

212 

1 

77 

105 

55 

41 

45 

33 

35 

33 

1 

1 

i 

1 

Total 

1 1 f 1 

|3850|1789|2244|758 
1 1 1 1 

1 1 
585|496 
1 1 

368 

797 

1 6 4 2 
1 

1 

1 10 

1 

1 11 

i 

17 

r 

13 

1 

126 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


TABLE  OF  ACCIDENTS  REPORTED  DURING  THE  YEAR 

1909. 


KIND  OF  ACCIDENT. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Total 

Steam  Hailway  

13 

13| 

17 

5 

10 

1 

8 

21 

1 

25 

26 1 

26( 
f t 

361 

f. 

1 

3 5 1 

235 

Street  Railway  

9 

7(122 

14 

6 

1 

7 

34 

4 

!0 

1 

7 

5 

226 

Industrial 

112 

62 

95 

104 

79 

127 

106 

109 

222  1381102 

88 

1344 

Household 

16 

7i 

» 

19 

8 

9 

21 

19 

24 

1 

[ 15| 

! 8 

14 

183 

Miscellaneous j 

1 

491 

1 

39 1 

! 1 

1 

56 

62 

34 

53 

68 

651 

1 

79 1 

1 

631 

1 

50 

1 

53  f 

671 

Total [ 

1 

i99|m| 
[ 1 

313 

204 

137 

[ 1 

198 

223 
1 1 

252! 

i 

355 

252 

203 

195 

2659 

MISCELLANEOUS  REPORTS 


REPORT  OF  CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR 
REPORT  OF  CONTAGIOUS  DISEASE  DIVISION 
REPORT  OF  CHIEF  DISINFECTOR 
REPORT  OF  CHIEF  CLERK 
REPORT  OF  CHIEF  MEAT  INSPECTOR 


REPORT  OF  CHIEF  SANITARY  INSPECTOR 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.}  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir: — I herewith  submit  for  your  Annual  Report  the  following 
statement  of  the  work  of  the  sanitary  inspectors  for  the  year  ending 
December  31,  1909. 

The  inspectors  have  made  50,133  written  reports,  including  rein- 
spections, and  2,475  garbage  complaint  reports. 

The  division  of  contagious  diseases  having  been  created  by  the 
Commissioner  on  February  22  and  placed  under  the  charge  of  Acting 
Assistant  Chief  Inspector  James  M.  Calligan,  thereby  relieving  me 
from  the  supervision  of  the  contagious  diseases,  the  work  of  the  sani- 
tary inspectors  in  suppressing  contagion  will  be  found  in  the  report 
of  Officer  Calligan. 

Four  horses  afflicted  with  glanders  have  been  killed.  The  stables 
and  also  all  of  the  public  horse  troughs  of  the  10th,  20th  and  22nd 
wards  were  cleaned  and  disinfected  under  the  supervision  of  the  De- 
partment. 

The  meat  and  food  inspectors  have  made  a careful  inspection  of  the 
lakes  and  ponds  of  Milwaukee  County  where  it  was  proposed  to  harvest 
ice  for  public  use,  and  dealers  were  notified  that  all  wagons  containing 
ice  from  condemned  waters  must  be  labeled  “Impure  Ice,”  for  cooling 
purposes  only. 

The  enforcement  of  the  ordinance  forbidding  the  use  of  surface 
wells  has  been  continued,  and  1,157  wells  were  ordered  filled,  of  which 
orders  494  were  compiled  with. 

All  public  and  parochial  schools  have  been  frequently  inspected,  and 
a written  report  made  during  the  year. 

SANITARY  INSPECTION  DISTRICTS. 

Insp.  No. 

2 James  M.  Calligan,  in  charge  Division  Contagious  Diseases. 

3 Ferd.  Mack,  Jr.,  Chief  Disinfector. 

4 Edwin  Schubert,  4th  and  16th  Wards. 

5 C.  F.  Kruckenberg,  20th  and  21st  Wards. 

6 Edward  Seaman,  1st  and  3rd  Wards. 

7 Oscar  E.  Klein,  19th  and  22nd  Wards. 


130 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


8 Joseph  Derfus,  6th  and  13th  Wards,  and  East,  South  and  West  side 
plumbing. 

10  Peter  H.  McHugh,  9th  and  10th  Wards. 

10  Felix  J.  Michalak,  11th  and  14th  Wards  west  of  11th  Ave. 

11  John  Mahkorn,  2nd  and  15th  Wards. 

12  John  J.  Houlehen,  8th  and  23rd  Wards. 

13  Sylvester  J.  Koceja,  11th  and  14th  Wards  east  of  11th  Ave. 

14  Sidney  G.  Hartwell,  Assistant  Disinfector. 

15  Emil  Olsen,  5th,  12th  and  17th  Wards. 

16  John  Dolge,  Messenger  and  placarding. 

25  Aug.  H.  Bengs,  1st  and  18th  Wards. 

ORDERS. 

Orders  were  issued  by  this  Department  as  follows : 

Orders  pertaining  to  bakeries,  cleaning,  repairing,  etc 1 

Orders  pertaining  to  meat  markets,  cleaning,  repairing, . etc 3 

Orders  pertaining  to  barns  and  dairies,  cleaning,  repairing,  etc 2 

Orders  pertaining  to  plumbing 1,056 

Orders  to  cease  committing  nuisance 93 

Complaints  referred  to  Board  of  Public  Works 103 

Complaints  referred  to  Smoke  Inspector 2 

Complaints  referred  to  Building  Inspector 11 

•Complaints  referred  to  School  Board 3 

Complaints  referred  to  other  city  departments 20 

• Citizens’  complaints  investigated 2,230 

(.Orders  pertaining  to  garbage 2,402 

Orders  pertaining  to  manure 1,418 

Orders  to  fill  well 1,157 

Orders  to  clean  vault 955 

Miscellaneous  orders  2,556 

Arrests  for  violation  of  spitting  ordinance 35 

Amount  of  fines $131.00 

Arrests  for  violation  of  sanitary  ordinances 10 

Amount  of  fines — one  case $1.00 

Suspended  sentence  on  payment  of  costs  balance  of  cases. 

The  above  table,  showing  the  nature  of  the  various  orders  issued  by  the 
Department,  is  self-explanatory  except  in  regard  to  “Miscellaneous  orders,” 
which  consists  of  orders  to  clean  yard,  clean  rooms,  confine  pigeons,  confine 
dog,  remove  filth,  remove  goat,  etc. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

TRUMAN  H.  CURTIS, 

Chief  Sanitary  Inspector. 


REPORT  OF  CONTAGIOUS  DISEASE  DIVISION 


Dr.  G.  A.  Bading,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir  : — I have  the  honor  to  submit  to  you  the  Annual  Report  of  the 
Contagious  Disease  Division,  which  was  established  by  you  February 
22,  1909. 

This  division  has  charge  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  Contagious 
and  Infectious  diseases. 

During  the  past  year  there  has  been  an  exceedingly  large  number 
of  Scarlet  Fever  cases,  distributed  principally  on  the  South,  West  and 
North  sides  of  the  City,  with  the  extreme  south  as  the  place  of  origin. 

Every  precaution  has  been  practiced  by  this  Department  to  reduce 
the  number  of  cases,  and  stay  the  spread  of  the  disase.  Despite  the 
most  rigid  quarantine  regulations,  however,  some  people  persisted  in 
violating  the  quarantine  rules  of  the  Department.  Whenever  this  was 
suspected  and  discovered  through  the  Inspectors  and  other  sources,  the 
guilty  parties  were  prosecuted  and  heavily  fined.  After  a few  pros- 
ecutions, there  was  a noticeable  improvement. 

A large  number  of  Parochial  schools  were  visited  by  our  Assistant 
Health  Commissioners  and  Sanitary  Inspectors.  A personal  examina- 
tion of  each  pupil  present  on  the  day  of  their  visit  was  made  and  all 
absentees  looked  up.  In  this  manner  quite  a number  of  cases  were  dis- 
covered ; in  some  of  which  parents  had  failed  to  call  a physician,  and 
the  child  after  a few  days  absence,  returned  to  school  desquamating, 
thereby  transmitting  the  disease  to  others. 

Briefly,  the  principal  sources  of  contagion  investigated  as  thor- 
oughly as  possible,  were  as  follows: 

Schools,  Milk,  Water  Supply  and  Sanitary  Conditions. 

The  number  of  Diphtheria  cases  was  slightly  above  normal.  A 
great  many  patients  were  moved  to  Isolation  Hospital  No.  2 where  they 
were  treated  by  Health  Department  doctors  and  trained  nurses.  There 
were  very  few  fatalities  and  those  were  chargeable  to  the  Department 
not  receiving  the  cases  in  time  for  early  treatment. 

Large  quantities  of  antitoxin  have  been  furnished  free  to  indigent 
families  upon  the  request  of  the  physicians  in  attendance. 


132 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


There  were  few  cases  of  Small  Pox,  and  the  cases  were  of  a light 
form  contrated  by  unvaccinated  persons.  The  first  case  was  contracted 
in  a city  in  Minnesota,  and  through  a mistaken  diagnosis  was  not  dis- 
covered by  this  Department  until  five  of  the  family  who  had  not  been 
vaccinated  contracted  the  disease  and  were  removed  to  Isolation  Hos- 
pital No.  i.  Subsequent  cases  were  traceable  to  this  case,  through 
contact  at  school,  and  visiting  relatives.  Other  cases  were  traceable  to 
adjoining  villages.  All  cases  were  removed  to  the  Hospital,  excepting 
two,  and  they  had  to  be  quarantined  on  account  of  other  complications 
in  the  family.  All  cases  recovered  in  a short  time. 

Typhoid  Fever  was  normal,  and  cases  could  not  be  traced  to  any 
certain  source  or  condition.  All  cases  were  thoroughly  investigated 
as  to  source  of  contagion — milk  and  water  supply,  food,  sanitary  condi- 
tions and  contact  from  previous  cases.  Quite  a number  of  cases  were 
contracted  outside  the  City  by  persons  visiting  friends  in  the  adjoining 
cities  and  counties,  and  on  vacation  trips. 

Measles,  Whooping  Cough,  and  Chicken  Pox  were  normal. 

The  number  of  cases  of  all  contagious  disease  by  wards  will  be 
found  in  tables  following. 

TABLE  NO.  i. 

Showing  number  of  Public  and  Parochial  Schools  visited,  pupils  exam- 
ined and  absentees  looked  up  in  search  of  contagious  disease,  by 
Assistant  Health  Commissioners  and  Sanitary  Inspectors. 


Parochial  Schools  visited 19 

Parochial  school  Pupils  examined 9.896 

Parochial  School  Pupils  Absentees  visited.... 1486 

Public  School  Absentees  visited 3 987 


Total 

table  no.  2. 

Showing  number  of  houses  quarantined  during  1909. 

Scarlet  Fever  

Diphteria 

Small  Pox  


15,369 


1.239 

629 

2 


Total 


1,870 


J.  M.  CALLIGAN, 
Acting  Asst.  Chief  Inspector. 


COMMISSIONER 


OF 


HEALTH. 


133 


REPORT  ON  DISINFECTION— 1909 


N a ture  of  N umber  of 

Cases.  places. 

Small  pox  cases 141 

Scarlet  fever  cases.....  1,515 

Diphtheria  cases  788 

Tuberculosis  cases 406 

Miscellaneous  cases  ....  22 

Total 2,872 


Number  of 

Number  of 

Number  of 

fumi  gators 

rooms  dis- 

cubic feet 

used. 

infected. 

of  space 
fumigated. 

995 

669 

995,000 

7,243 

5,750 

7,243,000 

3,787 

2,962 

3,787,000 

1,542 

1,233 

1,542,000 

158 

50 

158,000 

13,725 

10,664 

13,725,000 

(Signed)  FERD.  MACK,  JR., 

Chief  Disinfector. 


134 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


CLERICAL  WORK  OF  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 


Years  1902  to  1909  (inclusive). 


1909 

1 

1908 

i 

1907 

1906 

1905 

1904 

1903 

1902 

♦Complaints  received  

9893 

12935 

7432 

7800 

6410 

6316 

6647 

5322 

Call  orders  issued 

2695 

3951 

1860 

1447 

1802 

1753 

1681 

955 

Letters  of  warning  issued 

878 

1103 

585 

643 

740 

530 

Reinspection  of  premises 

8376 

10707 

5036 

Orders  issued  

8659 

11216 

5807 

6993 

6360 

6251 

6563 

1933 

Quarantine  notices  issued 

2338 

885 

525 

Commitments  to  hospitals 

499 

246 

274 

Infectious  disease  cards  filed 

6644 

3467 

2597 

Total 

39982 

44510 

24116 

16881 

15312 

14850 

1 

14891|11210 

* Of  these  complaints  2230  were  made  by  citizens  to  this  Department, 
remainder  were  made  by  inspectors. 


GEO.  E.  ADAMS, 


The 


Chief  Clerk. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


135 


REPORT  OF  /VI EAT  INSPECTION— 1909 


CONFISCATION  OF  MEATS. 


Month.  Weight  in  lbs.  Value. 

January 6,719  $346.50 

February 12,031  800.00 

March 19,054  1,474.97 

April 4,962  362.25 

May  7,271  717.97 

June 4,943  361.19 

July 4,248  349.19 

August 5,379  621.88 

September 8,423  832.15 

October 3,574  229.14 

November 6,250  497.63 

December 9,929  734.93 

Total 92,783  $7,327.80 


CONFISCATION  OF  FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 


Month. 

July 

August  . . 
September 
October  . . 


Weight  in  lbs. 
20,730 
2,940 
3,900 
1,150 


Total 


28,720 


Grand  total  of  confiscations 

Value 

Meat  licenses  issued 

Of  which  180  were  for  1910 
Prosecutions  for  violations  of  meat  ordinance 
Amount  of  fines 


Value. 

$285.00 

74.90 

73.00 

17.00 

$449.90 

121,503  lbs. 
. . $7,777.70 
. . 1,332 

5 

$80.00 


H.  P.  CLUTE,  V.  S. 
Chief  Meat  nspector. 


REPORTS 


OF 

ISOLATION  HOSPITALS 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  1 


G.  A.  Bading,  M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir  : — I beg  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  i,  18th  Avenue  and  Mitchell  Street,  for  the  year 
1909. 

Respectfully  submitted, 


ADDIE  V.  YOUNG, 

Matron. 


140 


ANNUAL  EEPOET  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOS- 
PITAL NO.  i FOR  THE  YEAR  1909. 

ALL  DISEASES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining-  January  1,  1909 11 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during-  year  1909 212 

Total  number  of  patients  treated 223 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 3,249 

Total  number  of  male  patients 113 

Total  number  of  female  patients 99 

Total  number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  relatives  admitted , 24 

Total  number  of  days  relatives  boarded 242 

SMALL  POX. 

Number  of  patients  remaining-  January  1,  1909 10 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during-  1909 186 

*Number  of  patients  in  suspected  cases  admitted  during-  1909 1 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1909 197 

Number  of  days  of  treatment 2,837 

Number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  patients  never  vaccinated 132 

Number  of  patients  not  successfully  vaccinated 33 

Number  of  patients  showing  vaccination  scars 22 

Number  of  patients  under  15  years  of  age * 90  ' 

Number  of  patients  between  15  and  25  years  of  age 48 

Number  of  patients  between  25  and  50  years  of  age 47 

Number  of  patients  over  50  years  of  age 2 

Number  of  male  patients 90 

Number  of  female  patients 97 

EEYSIPELAS. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1909 1 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1909 25 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1909 26 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 412 

Number  of  deaths : None 

Number  of  male  patients 23 

Number  of  female  patients 2 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


141 


PATIENTS  ADMITTED  BY  MONTHS. 

Miscellaneous, 


Month. 

Small-pi 

January  

61 

February  

32 

March 

39 

April 

26 

May 

7 

June 

8 

July 

August 

September 

3 

October  

6 

November 

December 

4 

Totals 186 


Erysipelas. 

( Suspected 
Small-pox.) 

Total. 

4 

65 

2 

34 

3 

42 

1 

27 

1 

8 

2 

10 

2 

2 

1 

* 1 

2 

3 

3 

9 

4 

4 

2 

6 

25 

1 

212 

* Suspected  cases  dismissed  from  hospital  within  a few  days. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ADDIE  V.  YOUNG, 

Matron. 


REPORT  OF  ISOLATION  HOSPITAL  No.  2 


G.  A.  Boding j M.  D.,  Commissioner  of  Health : 

Sir: — I beg  to  submit  herewith  report  of  the  patients  treated  at 
Isolation  Hospital  No.  2,  102- 104  Seventh  Street,  for  the  year  1909. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ADA  E.  STRAUB, 

Matron. 


144 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  PATIENTS  TREATED  AT  ISOLATION  HOSPI- 
TAL NO.  2 FOR  THE  YEAR  1909. 

ALL  DISEASES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining1  January  1,  1909 12 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during-  1909 298 

Total  number  of  patients  treated 310 

Total  number  of  days  ’treatment 6,183 

Total  number  of  deaths 23 

Total  number  of  male  patients  treated 153 

Total  number  of  female  patients  treated 157 

Number  of  relatives  admitted 3 

Number  of  days  relatives  boarded 17 

DIPHTERIA. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1909 4 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1909 119 

Number  of  patients  treated  during  1909 123 

Nuipber  of  days’  treatment 1,533 

Number  of  deaths 11 

Amount  of  anti-toxin  used  during  1909 440,000  c.c. 

Number  of  male  patients 59 

Number  of  female  patients 64 

SCARLET  FEVER. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1909 5 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1909 160 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1909 165 

Total  number  of  days  treatment 4,4  53 

Total  number  of  deaths 12 

Number  of  male  patients. 81 

Number  of  female  patients 84 

MEASLES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining  January  1,  1909 3 

Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1909 12 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1909 15 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 156 

Number  of  deaths None 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


145 


Number  of  male  patients  9 

Number  of  female  patients 6 

MISCELLANEOUS  DISEASES. 

Number  of  patients  remaining1  January  1,  1909 None 

^Number  of  patients  admitted  during  1909 7 

Total  number  of  patients  treated  during  1909 7 

Total  number  of  days’  treatment 41 

Total  number  of  deaths None 

Number  of  male  patients 4 

Number  of  female  patients 3 


PATIENTS  ADMITTED  BY  MONTHS. 


Month. 

Diphtheria. 

Scarlet 

Fever. 

Measles. 

Miscel- 

laneous. 

Total. 

January  

17 

11 

1 

29 

February  

12 

5 

1 

2 

20 

March 

16 

14 

2 

32 

April 

11 

6 

1 

18 

May 

12 

12 

3 

1 

28 

June 

6 

14 

3 

3 

26 

July 

4 

18 

22 

August 

7 

17 

1 

25 

September 

10 

1 

16 

October 

14 

28 

November 

7 

22 

.... 

29 

December 

8 

17 

.... 

25 

Totals 

119 

160 

12 

*7 

298 

*Cases  admitted  on  erroneous  diagnosis  of  attending  physician. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ADA  E.  STRAUB, 

Matron. 


REPORTS 


OF 

REFUSE  COLLECTION  AND  DISPOSAL 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


149 


REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  COLLECTION— 1909 


Mouths.  Loads.  Tons. 

January 4,250  3,030 

February 4,379  3,177 

March 4,978  3,350 

April 4,174  2,855 

May 3,916  3,287 

June 4,493  4,228 

July 5,056  4,762 

August 5,016  4,925 

September 5,089  5,139 

October 5,020  4,044 

November 4,719  4,032 

December 4,451  4,074 

Total 55,541  46,903 

Total  number  small  animals  collected  during  year  (included  in  table 
above),  5.881. 

WM.  O’CONNOR, 

Siipt.  Garbage  Collection. 


150 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


REPORT  OF  GARBAGE  CREHATION — 1909 


Loads.  Tons. 

*January ....  .... 

^February . ^ . 

March 1,110  616 

April 2,919  2,012 

May 3,905  3,278 

June 4,447  4,185 

July 5,037  4,744 

August 4,990  4,899 

September 5,035  5.084 

October 4,978  4,010 

November 4,664  3,985 

December 4,396  4,024 

Total 41,481  36,837 


* Chimney  being  repaired  at  plant. 

JOSEPH  RODDY, 

Chief  Foreman,  Garbage  Crematory. 


COMMISSIONED  OF  HEALTH. 


151 


DEAD  ANIflALS  REPORTED— 1909 


Month.  Large  animals.  Small  animals. 

January 6 383 

February 4 326 

March . 7 480 

April 1 443 

May 3 516 

June 2 630 

July 1 563 

August 8 682 

September 5 . 441 

October 15  343 

November 1 354 

December 9 288 

Total *62  **5,449 


* Collected  and  disposed  of  by  private  rendering  companies. 

**  This  number  reported  to  Department  office.  The  complete  record  of 
actual  collections  of  small  dead  animals  is  shown  on  the  next  page.  The 
difference  is  due  to  the  fact  that  many  small  dead  animals  are  picked  up 
by  the  collectors  that  are  not  reported  to  the  office  by  citizens. 

JAMES  A.  SKIBA, 

Complaint  Clerk. 


152 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


SHALL  DEAD  ANIHALS  COLLECTED— 1909 


Month. 

Number  by 
Gust.  Mueller. 

Number  by 
Garbage 
Collectors. 

Total 

Number. 

Loads. 

Tons. 

January  

289 

289 

. 12 

6 

February  

283 

283 

11 

6 

March 

384 

384 

15 

8 

April 

352 

352 

14 

7 

May  . 

479 

479 

19 

10 

June 

435 

152 

587 

23 

12 

July 

452 

141 

593 

24 

12 

August 

428 

124 

552 

22 

11 

September 

454 

118 

572 

23 

11 

October 

685 

685 

27 

14 

November 

581 

581 

23 

12 

December 

524 

524 

21 

10 

Total . . . 

5,346 

535 

*5,881 

234 

119 

* This  number  actually  collected  by  Department.  The  quantity  included 
in  the  report  of  garbage  collection. 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


153 


GARBAGE  COLLECTION  COMPLAINTS— 1909 


Unverified 

Legitimate 

Total 

Month. 

Complaints. 

Complaints. 

Complaints. 

January  

33 

93 

126 

February  

16 

56 

72 

March 

15 

47 

62 

April  . . . . 

16 

36 

52 

May 

113 

168 

June 

38 

269 

307 

July  . 

48 

209 

257 

August 

71 

254 

325 

September 

73 

311 

384 

October 

42 

199 

241 

November 

35 

143 

178 

December 

55 

249 

304 

Total 

497 

1,979 

2,476 

Average  number  unverified  complaints  per  day 2 

Average  number  legitimate  complaints  per  day 5 

Average  number  total  complaints  per  day 7 

Population  1909 — 370,000. 

Legitimate  complaints  per  day — one  to  every  70,000  population. 


TAMES  A.  SKIBA, 

Complaint  Clerk. 


154 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


GARBAGE  SUHnARY— 1909 

Compiled  by  A.  B.  CARGILL,  Secretary. 


COLLECTION. 


MONTH. 

Loads  garbage  col- 
lected by  city 
wagons. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  delivered  by 
private  parties  I 

at  hoist. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  small  ani- 
mals collected. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Total  refuse  col- 
lected in  loads. 

Total  tonnage 
of  same. 

Januarv ^ 

12 

1 6 

4250 

3030 

Februars' 

4368 

3171 

11 

6 

4379 

3177 

March 

4963 

3342 

15 

8 

4978 

3350 

April 

| ■ 4148 

2840 

12 

8 

14 

7 

4174 

2855 

May 

3882 

3264 

15 

13 

19 

10 

3916 

3287 

June 

4454 

4201 

16 

15 

23 

12 

4493 

4228 

July 

5017 

4736 

15 

14 

24 

12 

5056 

4762 

August 

1 4972 

4892 

22 

22 

22 

11 

5016 

4925 

September 

| 5043 

5105 

| 23 

23 

23 

11 

5089 

5139 

October 

4978 

4018 

15 

12 

27 

14 

5020 

4044 

November 

4686 

4011 

10 

9 

23 

12 

I 4719 

4032 

December 

4412 

4048 

18 

16 

21 

10 

4451 

4074 

Total 

j 55161 

j 46652 

| 146 

I 

132 

234 

119 

55541 

46903 

1 

Number  of  dead  animals  collected  (included  in  above  table)  was  5881. 


COMMISSIONER  OF 


HEALTH. 


155 


*January  . 
^February  . 
March  . , . 
April  . . . . 

May 

June  .... 

July 

August  . . 
September 
October  . . 
November 
December 


Total 


DISPOSAL  BY  CREMATION. 


<H  & 
01 

> a 
<d  o 
oS 
<X>  O 
S-H  © 
M 

c O 


-,o 

d > 

s'S 

ce  o 
mm 

M-h 
C £ 

° S 


0CW  o 

sis 


615 

2007 

3268 

4173 

4732 

4888 

5073 

3996 

3973 

4014 


1 

5 

10 

12 

12 

11 

11 

14 

12 

10 


616 

2012 

3278 

4185 

4744 

4899 

5084 

4010 

3985 

4024 


36739 


98 


36837 


MONTH. 


Chimney  being  repaired  at  plant. 


156 


ANNUAL  HE  PORT  OF  THE 


DISPOSAL  OTHER  THAN  BY  CREMATION. 


MONTH. 

Loads  delivered  to 
farmers. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  buried. 

Tonnage  of  same. 

Loads  small  ani- 
mals to  rendering 
companies. 

! Tonnage  of  same. 
1 

Total  loads  refuse 
disposed  of  other 
than  by  cremation. 

Total  tonnage 
of  same. 

January  

25 

18 

4213 

3006 

12 

6 

4250. 

3030 

February  

24 

17 

4344 

3154 

11 

6 

4379 

3177 

March 

20 

14 

3834 

2713 

14 

7 

3868 

2734 

April 

1 27  1 

1 18  1 

1 1225 

823 

1 

1 3 

2 

1255 

843 

May 

1 11 

9 

[:• 

11 

9 

June 

1 46 

1 

43 

1 

i 

| 46 

43 

July 

f 

19 

18 

1 

1 

19 

18 

August 

26 

26 

1 

1 

26 

26 

September 

| 54 

55 

1 

I 

i 

54 

55 

October 

1 42 

34 

1 

1 

1 

j 

42 

34 

November 

1 

47 

1 . 

1 

i 

i 

55 

47 

December ' 

| 55 

I 55 

| 50 

1 

1 

55 

50 

1 

1 

1 

Total ' 

| 404  ' 

| 349 

13616 

j 9696 

1 40 

21 

14060 

10066 

COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


157 


TOTAL  REFUSE  HANDLED. 

Loads.  Tons. 

Collected  and  disposed  of 55,541  46,903 


COST. 


Collection  and  hoist. 
Cremation  and  burial 

Total 


. $88,486.77 
. 51,338.04 

$139,824.81 


Collection  alone  • $85,466.35 

Hoist  alone 3,020.42 

Cremation  alone  47,234.33 

Burial  alone  4,103.71 

Total $139,824.81 

Average  cost  collection  and  disposal  per  ton... $2.98 

Average  cost  collection  and  hoist  per  ton 1.89 

Average  cost  collection  per  ton 1.82 

Average  cost  hoist  per  ton 08 

Average  cost  disposal  per  ton 1.09 

Average  cost  cremation  per  ton 1.28 

Average  cost  burial  per  ton < .42 


COMPARATIVE. 

Increase  in  garbage  handled  over  1908. 


In  loads  2.185% 

In  tonnage  9.902% 

Total  increase  in  garbage  handled  over  1905 61.650% 

Total  increase  in  cost  of  handling  garbage  over  1905 15.966% 


A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


l-'8 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OP"  THE 


DISPOSAL  OF  STABLE  REFUSE— 1909 


Shipped  out  of  city  under  supervision  of  Health  Department. 

Carloads  shipped  25 

Total  capacity  of  cars 2,340,000  lbs. 

Weight  of  refuse  shipped 1,007,000  lbs. 

or  503%  tons 

Single  loads  hauled  to  cars 390 

Double  loads  hauled  to  cars 368 

Estimated  number  of  single  loads  (figuring  1 double  as  2 single)  1,148 

The  cars  were  stationed  at  the  Reed  St.  yards  of  the  C.  M.  & St.  P. 
Railway  Co.  from  May  23rd  to  October  9th  inclusive,  with  an  employe 
of  the  Health  Department  in  charge.  The  refuse  was  shipped  to  county 
institutions  and  private  individuals,  they  paying  the  railway  freight. 
This  arrangement  is  made  each  year  in  the  spring,  summer  and  fall,  to 
assist  stable  owners  in  disposing  of  refuse,  no  other  means  being  avail- 
able at  that  time. 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


COMMISSIONED  OF  HEALTH. 


159 


COAL  USED  AT  GARBAGE  CREHATORY-  1909 


*Total  coal  consumed 5,908,790  lbs.  or  2,954  tons  and  790  lbs. 


*Total  cost  of  coal  consumed $11,041.21 

Average  cost  per  ton 3.74 

Amount  of  coal  required  to  burn  1 ton  of  garbage 160  lbs. 

Cost  of  coal  required  to  burn  1 ton  of  garbage $.30 — 


The  coal  used  at  the  crematory  was  Hocking  screened  lump. 


*The  figures  are  taken  from  the  Financial  Record  of  the  Department, 
the  cost  and  amount  of  coal  used  for  the  farm  and  blacksmith  purposes 
being  deducted,  they  not  representing  coal  used  in  the  burning  of  garbage. 


COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT. 

Showing  cost  of  coal  required  to  burn  1 ton  of  garbage  for  the  whole 


years  during  which  the  present  garbage  plant  has  been  operated. 


Year. 

Garbage 
burned  in  tons. 

Cost  of  Coal. 

Cost  of 
Coal  per 
Ton  Garbage. 

1902 

27,175 

$11,738.28 

$ .43 

1903 

23,445 

12,135.23 

.52 

1904 

27,809 

11,879.90 

.43 

1901 

19,196 

10,035.98 

.52 

1906 

35,245 

13,510.88 

.38 

1907 

34,630 

11,902.40 

.34 

1908 

33,824 

10,556.52 

.31 

1909 

36,837 

11,041.21 

.30 

A.  B.  CARGILL, 

Secretary. 


APPENDIX 


INCLUDING 

OPINION  OF  REFEREE  JOSEPH  G.  DONNELLY  IN 
TUBERCULIN  CASE 

REPORT  OF  REFEREE  JOSEPH  G.  DONNELLY  IN 
TUBERCULIN  CASE 


OPINION  OF  REFEREE  JOSEPH  G.  DONNELLY 
IN  TUBERCULIN  CASE 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN. 

CIRCUIT  COURT  MILWAUKEE  COUNTY. 


JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS, 

Vs. 

CITY  OF  MILWAUKEE  and 
GERHARD  A.  BADING, 


Plaintiff, 


Defendants. 


ss. 


The  issue  of  fact  before  the  Referee  is  that  raised  by  paragraph  ten 
of  the  complaint,  which  reads  as  follows : — 

“That  the  “tuberculin  test”  of  plaintiff’s  milch  cows  required 
to  be  made  by  Section  24  of  said  ordinance,  herein  referred  to,  as 
plaintiff  is  informed  and  believes,  is  wholly  unreliable,  untrust- 
worthy and  entirely  worthless  so  far  as  being  any  guide  or  protec- 
tion to  the  public  as  to  whether  or  not  the  cows  tested  by  the  “tu- 
berculin test,”  as  provided  by  Section  24,  are  free  from  the  germs 
of  tuberculosis  or  any  other  contagious  diseases.” 

Certain  of  counsel  contend  that  the  only  question  to  be  determined 
is  the  efficiency  of  the  tuberculin  test  in  diagnosing  tuberculosis.  But 
the  allegation  in  the  paragraph  of  the  worthlessness  of  the  test  as  a 
protection  to  the  public  in  my  opinion  widens  the  field  of  inquiry  and 
makes  relevant  the  testimony  offered  as  to  the  nature  and  cause  of  tu- 
berculosis, the  characteristics  of  the  germ  producing  it  in  man  and 
cattle,  and  the  transmissibilitv  of  the  disease  from  the  bovine  to  the 
human.  If  the  disease.be  not  transmissible,  its  existence  in  the  cow  in 
no  way  endangers  man  and  the  tuberculin  test,  so  far  as  the  public 
health  is  concerned,  is  unnecessary  and  worthless. 


164 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


The  subjects  or  questions  therefore  upon  which  testimony  was  ad- 
mitted may  be  classified  as  follows : 

1.  Tuberculosis  and  the  germs  producing  it  in  man  and  cattle. 

2.  The  transmissibility  of  the  disease  from  the  bovine  to  the  hu- 
man. 

3.  The  reliability  of  the  tuberculin  test  as  a diagnostic  agent. 

TUBERCULOSIS  AND  THE  GERMS  PRODUCING  IT  IN  MAN 

AND  CATTLE. 

There  is  no  conflict  of  evidence  as  to  tuberculosis  and  the  germs 
producing  it.  Tuberculosis  is  caused  by  the  action  of  a microorganism 
or  germ  called  the  tubercle  bacilli  upon  the  tissues  or  organs  of  the  ani- 
mal body.  Tubercle  bacilli  may  be  in  the  air  we  breathe,  the  liquids  we 
drink  or  the  food  we  eat.  They  may  enter  the  body  by  inhalation  or 
ingestion.  But  the  disease  does  not  necessarily  follow  their  entrance. 
Like  seed  they  must  find  a suitable  lodging  place.  Before  finding  such 
and  setting  up  their  destructive  and  so  often  fatal  processes,  they  may 
be  thrown  off  by  the  resistance  of  the  body.  The  effectiveness  of  the 
resistance  depends  upon  the  physical  condition  of  the  man  or  animal 
and  the  virulence  and  number  of  the  germs.  The  young  and  the  weak 
are  least  resistant  and  therefore  the  most  common  victims. 

The  disease  seems  to  run  the  same  course  in  man  and  cattle.  Light 
is  its  deadly  foe — darkness  and  dirt  its  allies.  It  is  not  hereditary.  It 
comes  solely  from  infection  by  the  bacilli.  The  calf  taken  from  a tuber- 
culous mother  and  fed  on  healthy  milk  away  from  sources  of  infection 
may  be  reared  in  safety.  The  same  is  true  of  an  infant. 

But  bovine  and  human  tubercle  bacilli,  while  of  the  same  family, 
have  certain  distinguishing  characteristics.  The  testimony  of  Dr.  Park 
of  New  York  and  of  Dr.  Ravenel  of  Wisconsin,  both  noted  bacterio- 
logists and  specialists  on  tuberculosis,  brings  out  clearly  the  differences 
between  them. 

Dr.  Park  testifies  (p.  182 — v.  4)  : — 

“The  difference  between  the  two  types  is  shown  both  in  the 
appearance  of  the  bacilli,  their  shape  and  size,  on  certain  media, 
their  type  of  growth  upon  media,  their  action  on  certain  substances 
such  as  glycerin,  and  their  effect  on  animals.  Upon  culture  media 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


165 


in  which  serum  or  its  equivalent  is  an  element,  the  bovine  bacilli 
are  apt  to  the  shorter  and  straighter.  ' In  glycerin  media  the  tuber- 
cle bacilli  from  man  as  a rule  produce  a considerable  acidity,  from 
action  of  ferments  produced  by  the  bacilli  upon  the  glycerin ; while 
the  bovine  bacilli  do  not  as  a rule  produce  as  much  acid  as  even 
those  human  bacilli  which  produce  the  least  acid.  There  are  a few 
bovine  bacilli,  however,  that  make  as  much  acid  as  the  human 
bacilli,  which  make  the  least  acid.  In  animals  the  bovine  bacilli 
produce  fatal  disease  in  rabbits  and  in  calves  from  very  small 
amounts  of  living  cultures ; that  is,  in  a rabbit,  one  one-hundredth 
of  a milligram  of  tubercle  bacilli  when  of  the  bovine  type  will  sure- 
ly kill  the  rabbit  with  general  tuberculosis ; while  even  one  milli- 
gram of  bacilli  if  of  the  human  type  will  not  destroy  the  rabbit, 
and  as  a rule  will  produce  almost  no  tuberculosis.  When  this  does 
develop,  it  is  not  of  the  progressive  sort.  In  calves  bacilli  of  the 
bovine  type  are  much  more  fatal  than  those  of  the  human  type. 
When  fifty  centigrams  of  the  culture — rather  I mean  to  say  fifty 
milligrams  of  the  culture  of  the  human  type  are  injected  into  a 
calf,  as  a rule,  no  illness  results  except  perhaps  a slight  local  abs- 
cess about  the  inoculation.  When  the  same  amount  of  the  culture 
of  the  bovine  type  is  injected,  the  calf  generally  dies  of  acute  gen- 
eral tuberculosis.  Upon  certain  culture  media  the  difference  is 
also  equally  striking.  The  human  type  of  bacilli  grow  on  egg  and 
glycerin  egg  media  with  very  fair  luxuriance,  seen  developing  a 
very  visible  quantity  of  growth.  The  bovine  bacilli,  on  the  other 
hand,  grows  on  both  of  these  media  in  very  tiny  colonies,  making 
a very  small  amount  of  growth.  And  upon  the  glycerin  egg  or 
glycerin  serum  the  growth  is  even  less  than  on  the  simple  egg.  In 
my  experience,  the  growth  on  the  egg  and  glycerin  egg  and  the 
virulence  in  rabbits  has  always  given  a definite  conclusion  as  to  the 
type  of  bacilli.  The  further  carrying  of  the  cultures  through  other 
media  and  through  calves  has  always  given  results  similar  to  those 
first  obtained  on  the  egg  and  in  the  rabbit.” 

Dr.  Ravenel  testifies  (p.  653 — v.  2)  : — 

“To  begin  with  the  bovine  type  of  tubercular  bacillus  is  difficult 
to  grow  on  artificial  culture  medium — that  is,  it  is  difficult  to  isolate. 
It  grows  very  slowly  compared  to  the  human  type,  will  only  grow 
on  certain  culture  media,  whereas  the  human  type  is  not  so  partic- 


166 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ular  about  the  types  of  culture  media  on  which  it  grows  easily. 
Under  a microscope  the  bovine  type,  when  first  isolated,  is  short 
. oval-shaped  and  stains  evenly,  whereas  the  human  type  is  apt  to  be 
longer  and  to  show  a broken  stain — what  we  call  a beaded  stain, 
that  is,  the  protoplasm  does  not  take  up  the  color  perfectly  even — 
that  is  the  explanation  of  it,  at  least  some  of  it.” 

“The  great  distinction  between  the  two,  however,  is  their  dif- 
ference in  power  to  produce  disease  in  experimental  animals ; the 
bovine  bacillus  having  as  a rule  much  greater  disease-producing 
power  for  all  experimental  animals  yet  tried  than  the  human.” 

While  the  difference  between  the  bovine  and  human  types  of  bacilli 
would  thus  appear  to  be  very  marked,  it  creates  no  doubt  that  they  are 
of  the  same  general  species.  In  fact  by  prolonged  cultivation  of  the 
two  types  they  approach  each  other  almost  absolutely. 

“After  a few  years  of  such  cultivation,”  said  Dr.  Ravenel,  “T  would 
not  attempt  to  tell  one  from  the  other  under  the  microscope.” 

The  Doctor  was  asked  (p.  655 — v.  2.)  : 

“Have  you  performed  any  experiments  or  done  any  work  from 
which  you  can  form  an  opinion  as  to  whether  or  not  the  bovine 
type  and  human  type  may  be  changed,  one  into  the  other — as  to 
whether  or  not  it  is  the  same  germ  or  a different  germ? 

A.  I have  started  with  the  human  bacillus,  and  by  a passage 
through  five  series  of  calves  have  isolated  from  the  fifth  calf  a 
purely  bovine  type  of  germ. 

Q.  Now  just  explain  that  more  in  detail. 

A.  We  began  this  with  culture  “M,”  as  we  designate  it,  ob- 
tained from  the  niece  of  one  of  the  Professors  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  I cannot  remember  the  exact  number  of  days, 
but  the  first  calf  did  not  die  for  a long  time.  From  that  calf  we 
immediately  transferred  the  material  to  a second  calf.  That  calf 
died  in  a very  much  shorter  period  of  time.  From  the  second  we 
transferred  to  a third  immediately  upon  death,  and  so  on  through 
the  series  of  five  animals.  The  fifth  animal  died  very  rapidly,  and 
from  that  animal  we  obtained  a typical  bovine  bacillus.  That  is 
the  only  experiment  I have  ever  done  to  demonstrate  the  transmis- 
sibility  of  the  two  types,  and  change  one  into  the  other.” 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


167 


I give  this  testimony  regarding  the  differences  of  the  bacilli  and 
their  change  of  one  into  the  other  because  it  has  obviously  an  important 
bearing  in  determining  the  question  of  transmissibility. 

TRAN  SMISSIBILITY. 

On  this  question  the  testimony  of  non-experts  is  of  little  or  no  value. 

Plaintiff  produced  a large  number  of  dairymen  and  farmers,  all  of 
whom  testified  that  they  and  their  families  had  been  in  daily  contact 
with  cattle  all  their  lives,  had  drank  freely  of  the  milk  of  cows,  (many 
of  which  had  doubtless  been  tuberculous)  and  yet  had  not  contracted 
tuberculosis.  Indeed  the  testimony  of  all  witnesses  is  to  the  effect  that 
the  families  of  dairymen  and  farmers,  who  would  seem  to  be  most 
exposed  to  the  disease  are  most  singularly  free  from  it.  Such  is  the 
testimony  of  Dr.  Claude  D.  Morris,  a veterinarian  of  national  reputa- 
ton,  who  for  fifteen  years  has  been  the  inspector  of  thousands  of  herds 
of  cattle  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  of  Dr.  Moorse,  who  has  had 
over  thirty  years  experience  in  the  treatment  of  diseases  of  cattle. 

All  of  this  testimony,  however,  is  negative  and  is  clearly  outweighed 
by  the  positive  testimony  of  the  experts  produced  by  the  defendants. 
Indeed  it  may  be  said  that  the  experts  on  both  sides  are  agreed  that 
the  disease  is  transmissible  from  the  bovine  to  the  human,  the  only 
difference  of  opinion  between  them  being  as  to  the  degree  of  such 
transmissibility. 

Dr  . Wilhelm  Becker,  the  only  bacteriologist  produced  by  the  plain- 
tiff, acknowledges  (p.  286 — v.  1.)  that  there  have  been  from  ten  to 
twelve  trustworthy  cases  demonstrated.  Referring  to  Dr.  Koch  he 
says  (p.  308 — v.  1)  :‘T  have  never  believed  in  his  theory  of  non-trans- 
missibility.” 

Even  Dr.  Morris  states  (p.  78 — v.  4)  : — 

“I  don’t  wish  to  be  understood  as  implying  or  giving  the  infer- 
ence that  I don’t  believe  that  any  person  ever  can  take  bovine  tu- 
berculosis, or  has  never  had  bovine  tuberculosis,  because  as  I said 
in  my  address  at  Cornell,  there  have  been  occasional  cases  demon- 
strated, but  these  are  the  exception  and  not  the  rule,  and  occur 
in  persons  of  low  vitality  and  more  susceptibility,  and  are  not  to 
be  taken  as  a basis  of  forming  an  opinion.” 


168 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Dr.  Henry  L.  K.  Shaw  of  Albany,  New  York,  another  of  the  ex- 
perts of  plaintiff,  testified  (p.  13 1 — v.  4)  : — ■- 

“Now,  Doctor,  taking  into  consideration  your  own  study  on 
this  question  as  you  have  testified  here  your  own  research  in  this 
direction,  and  the  study  you  have  made  of  other  scientific  men, 
what  is  your  opinion  as  to  the  transmissibility  of  the  disease  known 
as  tuberculosis  from  the  bovine  to  human  from  drinking  milk?” 

A.  I think  it  occurs  in  rare  instances,  and  that  when  it  does 
occur  it  never  produces  a progressive  fatal  type  of  the  disease.” 

But  while  admitting  that  a few  isolated  cases  have  been  demon- 
strated, the  chief  expert  witness  for  the  plaintiff  on  this  questiin,  Dr. 
Becker,  holds  that  these  cases  are  so  rare  as  to  be  negligible.  Like  Dr. 
Shaw  he  bases  his  opinion  on  the  fact  that  any  infection  of  the  human 
from  the  bovine,  being  necessarily  by  ingestion,  would  manifest  itself 
in  a primary  intestinal  lesion  and  that  a primary  intestinal  lesion  or, 
as  he  calls  it,  primary  enteritis,  is  exceedingly  rare.  He  says  (p.  285 — 
vol.  1)  that  out  of  more  than  a thousand  autopsies  of  which  two  per 
cent  were  children,  he  had  not  found  a single  case  of  primary  tubercu- 
lar enteritis — nearly  all  cases  of  tuberculosis  being  pulmonary.  But 
in  almost  the  same  breath  (p.285 — v.  1)  he  testfies  that  the  ingested 
bacilli  may  enter  the  system  not  so  much  through  the  intestinal  tract 
as  through  the  tonsils,  and  on  page  309,  v.  1,  in  answer  to  the  question, 
“Where  does  most  of  the  pulmonary  tuberculosis  come  from?”  he 
answers,  “I  think  from  the  tonsils  and  direct  inspiration.” 

Dr.  Becker’s  evidence  regarding  the  transmissibility  is  much  weak- 
ened by  the  fact  that  he  has  never  made  any  bacteriological  research 
work  with  reference  to  it. 

Questions  by  the  Referee  and  subsequently  by  his  own  counsel 
(p.  991-992-993— V.  3)  : — 

Q.  (REFEREE)  Could  you  from  your  investigation  and 
experience  discern  or  determine  a case  of  tuberculosis  as  of  bovine 
origin  in  the  human  if  you  came  accross  it  ? 

A.  Why,  certainly,  certainly. 

Q.  You  have  investigated  cases  of  tuberculosis  in  human 
beings,  have  you? 

A.  Quite  a great  number. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


169 


Q.  And  if  in  the  course  of  that  investigation  or  bacteriolog- 
ical study  you  had  encountered  the  bovine  bacillus,  would  you 
have  recognized  it? 

A.  Why,  I did  not  make  any  attempt  in  those  tests  to  recog- 
nize it. 

jksksksk******** 

Q.  (MR.  RYAN)  You  never  then  have  made  any  cultural 
experiments  to  determine  bovine  tuberculosis  in  the  human? 

A.  No. 

Q.  Not  having  made  such,  then  you  could  not  give  an  opinion 
from  any  experimentation  of  your  own  as  to  whether  there  is  such 
bovine  tuberculosis  ? 

A.  I have  worked  with  the  bovine  tubercle  bacillus. 

Q.  You  understand  my  question,  Doctor.  In  other  words,  a 
cultural  experimentation  would  be  necessary  to  determine  the  ex- 
istence of  bovine  tuberculosis  in  a human  being  ? 

A.  Exactly. 

Q.  You  never  have  made — 

A.  Never  have  made;  never  have  made. 

Q.  (MR.  RYAN)  : And  therefore  you  cannot  state  whether 
there  is  such  or  not,  of  your  own  knowledge,  or  own  experience? 

A.  I have  never  isolated  it ; I have  never  been  fortunate 
enough  perhaps  to  isolate  it.  I say  I have  not  made  any  attempt 
either.” 

As  against  the  negative  testimony  of  non-expert  dairymen,  farmers, 
and  veterinarians  and  the  testimony  of  Dr.  Becker,  who  although  a 
bacteriologist  of  ability  thus  admits  his  lack  of  personal  investigation 
of  the  subject,  stands  the  positive  and  direct  testimony  of  the  expert 
witnesses  for  the  defendants.  Several  of  these  have  more  than  national 
reputation  and  nothing  has  been  brought  out  in  the  trial  that  in  any  way 
discredits  them. 

They  have  proven  scientifically  that  the  port  of  entry  of  the  bacillus 
does  not  determine  the  location  of  the  primary  lesion.  Bacilli  may  go 
through  the  intestinal  tract  and  be  discovered  after  a few  hours  in  the 
thoracic  duct.  Dr.  Schroeder  (p.  314,  v.  4)  injected  bacilli  into  the 
hogs  and  calves  at  the  tip  of  the  tail  and  on  post-mortem  found  the 
lesions  in  the  lungs. 


170 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


They  have  proven  by  repeated  and  convincing  experiments  that  the 
bovine  bacillus  produces  tuberculosis  in  guinea-pigs,  rabbits,  hogs, 
monkeys  and  other  animals. 

Of  course  it  has  not  been  possible  for  them  to  experiment  by  the 
same  direct  methods  on  human  beings,  but  by  getting  bovine  bacilli 
again  and  again  from  human  tuberculous  tissue,  they  have  proven  the 
disease  conclusively  of  bovine  origin. 

The  first  of  these  experts  whom  I wish  to  quote  is  Dr.  Park,  who 
for  many  years  has  made  bacteriology  a special  study  both  in  this  coun- 
try and  in  Europe  and  who  since  1894  had  been  director  of  the  bacteri- 
ological laboratories  of  the  Department  of  Health  of  the  city  of  New 
York  and  for  ten  years  past  has  been  Professor  of  Bacteriology  in  the 
New  York  University  and  Belleview  Hospital  Medical  College.  Dr. 
Park  has  for  ten  years  been  studying  the  question  as  to  wether  or  not 
bovine  tuberculosis  is  communicable  to  man  and  for . fifteen  months 
previous  to  giving  his  testimony  had  superintendented  the  work  of 
five  bacteriologists  with  whom  he  studied  a great  number  of  cases 
from  hospitals  in  New  York  City  with  the  special  object  of  determining 
the  amount  of  bovine  infection. 

Quoting  Dr.  Park  (p.  165-168,  v.  4)  : — 

“The  investigation  is  still  in  progress,  and  has  been  carried  out 
in  the  following  way : Every  case  of  tuberculosis  in  which  any 

material  could  be  obtained  at  either  of  those  hospitals,  this  mate- 
rial was  sent  to  the  laboratory  by  one  of  the  laboratory  errand 
boys.  This  material  with  its  history  having  been  received,  was 
given  to  one  of  the  investigators.  It  was  injected  into  a guinea- 
pig,  or  rather,  into  several  guinea-pigs.  At  the  end  of  four  or  five 
weeks  the  guinea-pigs  were  destroyed,  or  rather  I should  say  were 
killed,  and  some  of  the  tubercular  material  was  transplanted  to 
tubes  containing  solidified  egg  or  solidified  egg  with  the  addition 
of  glycerin.  At  the  end  of  about  three  weeks  these  tubes  were  taken 
from  the  incubator,  where  they  had  been  kept  at  blood  heat,  and 
examined  for  any  growth.  The  growth  was  very  carefully  ex- 
amined, and  transplants  were  made  to  a new  series  of  glycerin 
egg  and  egg  media.  At  the  end  of  three  weeks,  these  having  been 
carefully  investigated  from  time  to  time,  new  transplantations 
were  made.  At  this  time  a certain  weighed  quantity  of  the  tube 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


171 


bacilli  was  injected  into  rabbits.  In  the  case  where  the  growth 
appeared  like  the  bovine  culture,  one  one-hundredth  of  a milligram 
was  injected  into  the  rabbit.  In  the  case  where  the  culture  looked 
like  the  human  type  of  bacillus,  one  milligram  was  injected.  The 
rabbits  were  then  observed,  and  if  they  died  were  autopsied  and 
careful  records  made  of  the  conditions  found.  If  they  did  not  die, 
they  were  autopsied  at  the  end  of  six  weeks  and  the  results  of  the 
examination  noted.  A certain  number  of  the  bacilli  were  injected 
into  calves.  This  has  been  true,  however,  for  only  sixteen  of  the 
cultures.  Besides  the  growth  on  the  egg  media,  the  growth  on 
glycerin  broth  was  also  examined,  and  also  on  potato.  In  this 
way  several  hundred  specimens  from  several  hundred  people  have 
been  tested  out,  and  a number  of  other  hundreds  of  cases  are  in 
process  of  being  tested.  Up  to  the  present  time — may  I look  at 
my  notes? 

Q.  Certainly.  Look  at  any  memorandum  you  may  have. 

A.  (Referring  to  paper)  Up  to  the  present  time  we  have 
tested  the  following  number  of  specimens  from  children : those 
from  bones  and  joints,  five  cases;  those  from  tubercular  meningi- 
tis, five  cases ; generalized  tuberculosis,  eight  cases ; abdominal 
tuberculosis,  two  cases ; tuberculosis  of  the  glands  of  the  neck, 
twenty-seven  cases  ; pulmonary  tuberculosis,  eleven  cases.  Do  you 
wish  the  results  yet? 

Q.  Yes. 

A.  From  these  the  following  results  as  to  the  type  of  bacilli 
have  been  determined;  in  the  five  cases  from  bones  and  joints,  all 
the  cultures  were  of  the  human  type.  Of  the  five  cases  of  tuber- 
cular meningitis,  all  the  cultures  were  of  the  human  type.  Of  the 
nine  cases  of  generalized  tuberculosis — 

Q.  Now,  Doctor,  what  was  the  total  number  of  cases  under 
that  head  ? 

A.  Under  generalized  tuberculosis,  instead  of  saying  eight 
cases,  I should  have  said  twenty-one  cases,  of  which  eight  cases 
were  from  the  Foundling  Hospital  and  thirteen  cases  from  the 
Babies’  Hospital.  Of  the  eight  cases  from  the  Foundling  Hospital, 
four  were  due  to  the  human  type  and  four  were  due  to  the  bovine 
type.  Of  the  thirteen  cases  from  the  Babies’  Hospital,  twelve 
were  due  to  the  human  type  and  one  to  the  bovine  type.  The  two 


172 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


cases  of  abdominal  tuberculosis  were  due  to  the  bovine  type.  The 
eleven  cases  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis  were  all  due  to  the  human 
type.  The  twenty-seven  cases  of  glandular  tuberculosis  were  in 
nine  cases  due  to  the  bovine  type.  In  the  adult  cases,  which  were 
not  mentioned,  at  the  present  time  something  over  one  hundred 
have  been  examined.  These  have  all  been  due  to  the  human  type. 
The  records,  etc.,  of  these  cases  are  here,  if  you  wish  any  details 
now.” 

Based  upon  the  scientific  investigation  and  in  the  light  of  all  his 
experience,  Dr.  Park  gives  it  as  his  deliberate  opinion  (p.  197,  v.  4) 
that  twenty  per  cent  of  tuberculosis  and  death  from  tuberculosis  in 
children  is  due  to  bovine  bacilli. 

Dr.  Mazyck  P.  Ravenel,  a bacteriologist  of  international  reputa- 
tion, educated  in  the  best  schools  of  this  country  and  Europe,  who  has 
specialized  in  the  disease  of  tuberculosis  with  work  in  Berlin  and  Genoa 
and  who  for  the  past  two  years  has  been  Professor  of  Bacteriology 
in  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  testified  (p.  662,  v.  2)  that  he  has 
isolated  from  the  internal  organs  of  children  dead  of  tuberculosis 
the  bovine  type  of  germ,  proving  that  the  death  and  the  lesions  from 
which  he  isolated  those  germs  were  of  bovine  origin.  He  reports  two 
cases  of  accidental  inoculation  from  the  bovine  germ  occurring  to  one 
of  his  assistants.  He  cites  three  hundred  and  six  cases  as  absolutely 
demonstrated  including  those  of  the  British  Royal  Commission  and  the 
German  Imperial  Commission,  but  not  including  those  demonstrated 
by  Dr.  Park.  He  gives  it  as  his  deliberate  opinion,  based  on  his  own 
investigation,  that  approximately  thirty  per  cent,  of  the  tuberculosis 
in  children  is  of  bovine  origin. 

Counsel  for  plaintiff  maintain  that  the  fact  that  out  of  the  millions 
of  cases  of  tuberculosis  only  a few  hundred  have  been  demonstrated 
as  of  bovine  origin  is  proof  of  plaintiff’s  position  that  transmissibilitv 
is  so  rare  as  to  be  negligible.  But  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  these 
few  hundred  were  demonstrated  not  from  a scientific  examination  of 
the  millions  but  from  a scientific  examination  of  perhaps  less  than  two 
thousand.  On  this  is  based  the  percentage. 

The  work  of  examining  scientifically  many  specimens  with  a view 
to  isolating  the  type  of  bacilli  is  long  and  expensive.  It  requires  too 
great  a draft  on  the  time  and  means  of  the  private  investigator  and 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


173 


should  long  ago  have  been  undertaken  by  our  government.  England 
and  Germany  have  undertaken  it  and  the  findings  of  the  British  Royal 
Commission  and  of  the  German  Imperial  Commission  confirm  those 
of  Dr.  Park  and  Dr.  Ravenel. 

The  fact  that  bovine  tubercle  bacilli  may  infect  the  human  is  in  my 
opinion  established  by  the  overwhelming  preponderance  of  expert  tes- 
timony. 

But  can  such  infection  come  from  milk? 

Dr.  Becker  for  the  plaintiff  asserts  (p.  289,  v.  2)  that  it  takes  many 
thousand  bacilli  to  produce  infection  even  in  a gunea-pig  and  many 
millions  in  the  human  and  that  such  quantities  are  rarely  if  ever  found 
in  cows’  milk.  But  the  Doctor  goes  on  to  say  that  the  possibility  of 
danger  is  there. 

Dr.  Morris  for  the  plaintiff  (p.69  and  87,  v.  4)  makes  the  somewhat 
startling  statement  that  he  believes  a few  bovine  tubercle  bacilli  in  milk 
are  beneficial. 

Corroborating  both  perhaps  is  the  uniform  testimony  of  the  dairy- 
men who  with  their  families,  as  already  referred  to,  had  been  practic- 
ally raised  on  milk  and  had  never  contracted  the  disease. 

It  would  be  gratifying  if,  notwithstanding  the  frequency  of  tuber- 
culosis in  cows  and  its  proven  transmissibility  to  men,  we  could  find 
from  this  evidence  that  milk  is  not  a source  of  infection.  But  the  facts 
brought  out  by  the  defendants  make  such  a finding  impossible. 

It  has  been  absolutely  proven  that  milk  frequently  contains  bovine 
tubercle  bacilli.  Dr.  Park  found  bovine  tubercle  bacilli  in  fourteen 
per  cent  of  the  milk  examined  by  him  in  New  York  (p.  129,  v.  4).  Dr. 
Schroeder  found  bovine  tubercle  bacilli  in  five  and  a half  per  cent  of  the 
milk  examined  by  him  in  Washington. 

Dr.  Russell  finds  that  all  tuberculous  cattle  give  off  bacilli,  (p.556, 
v.  2). 

Dr.  Ravenel  finds  that  even  when  there  was  no  demonstrable  tuber- 
culosis of  the  udder,  fourteen  per  cent  of  the  samples  of  milk  examined 
by  him  gave  the  bovine  tubercle  bacilli. 

Dr.  Ruhland,  bacteriologist  for  the  Health  Department  of  the  City 
of  Milwaukee,  found  bovine  tubercle  bacilli  in  milk  offered  for  sale 
in  Milwaukee. 

The  theory  of  Dr.  Morris  that  a few  bacilli  are  beneficial  is  not 
backed  up  by  any  other  witness,  but  on  the  contrary  is  positively  repu- 


174 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


diated.  Even  Dr.  Becker,  as  heretofore  quoted,  admits  the  presence  of 
such  bacilli  as  dangerous. 

Dr.  Park  says : 

“It  is  impossible  to  state  how  many  bacilli  would  infect  any 
individual.  We  simply  know  that  at  times  very  few,  apparently 
a single  bacillus,  will  infect  experimental  animals  and  we  believe 
the  same  is  probably  true  for  human  beings/’  (p.  202,  v.  4). 

Dr.  Mohler  says : 

“I  know  of  no  work  or  publication  that  would  lead  anyone  to 
have  such  an  opinion,  and  personally  I do  not  see  how  anyone 
could  consider  the  ingestion  of  tubercle  bacilli  as  beneficial  to 
health.”  (p.  273,  v.  4). 

Dr.  Russell  says : 

“I  regard  milk  coming  from  an  infected  animal  as  not  fit  for 
human  food.”  (p.  557,  v.  2). 

Dr.  Kletzsch  of  Milwaukee  says : 

“I  would  not  feed  milk  from  a tuberculous  cow  to  hogs.”  (p.  2). 

By  the  way,  it  has  been  fed  to  hogs  and  the  hogs  contracted  tuber- 
culosis. 

The  evidence  is  also  conclusive  that  there  is  no  telling  at  what  stage 
of  the  disease  the  cow  may  begin  to  shed  bacilli.  With  the  cow  as  with 
the  human  the  disease  sometimes  progresses  slowly  and  sometimes 
rapidly — there  is  slow  consumption  and  galloping  consumption.  Tuber- 
culosis localized  today  may  in  a few  days  become  generalized  and  the 
milk  will  show  such  dissemination.  (Mohler,  p.  33,  v.  4). 

Even  when  the  milk  as  drawn  from  the  udder  of  a tuberculous 
cow  is  free  from  the  germs,  it  is  almost  certain  to  get  them  through 
the  faeces. 

The  cow  is  a poor  specimen  of  the  hygienic  machine.  She  should 
have  had  her  udder  between  her  shoulders.  (Ravenel). 

Dr.  Schroeder  testifies  (p.  324-325,  v.  4)  : 

“I  believe  (and  I draw  this  opinion  from  my  own  observations 
— my  own  work)  that  tubercle  bacilli  are  very  much  commoner  in 
milk  because  they  get  there  in  other  ways  than  through  the  udder 
— than  because  they  get  there  directly  through  the  udder.  I have 
examined  a very  large  number  of  samples  of  milk  relative  to  the 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


175 


extent  to  wh'ich  milk  is  ordinarily  contaminated  with  cow  faeces. 
My  examinations  show  that  milk  not  contaminated  with  cow 
faeces  is  the  exception  to  the  rule — and  a precious  rare  exception 
to  the  rule.  I have  taken  cow  faeces  from  cows  that  were  afflicted 
with  tuberculosis,  and  these  were  cows  that  were  affected  so  slight- 
ly that  their  diseased  condition  could  not  be  determined  by  any 
means  that  I had  on  hand  except  the  tuberculin  test ; I have  taken 
faeces  from  such  cows  and  added  it  to  milk  in  the  proportion  in 
which  cow  faeces  commonly  occur  in  milk.  I have  made  injec- 
tions of  guinea-pigs  with  milk  that  was  contaminated  in  that  way, 
before  it  was  strained,  and  I have  gotten  tubercle  bacilli  from  the 
guinea-pigs.  I have  strained  such  milk  and  injected  it  into  guinea- 
pigs,  and  I found  tuberculosis  in  the  guinea-pigs.  I took  such 
milk  unstrained  and  collected  the  cream  from  it  and  used  the 
cream  to  inject  it  into  the  guinea-pigs  and  it  caused  tuberculosis 
I took  such  milk  after  it  was  strained,  in  the  way  in  which  it  is 
ordinarily  strained  in  the  dairy,  and  collected  the  cream  from  that 
and  it  caused  tuberculosis  in  guinea-pigs.  And  I made  butter  from 
such  strained  and  unstrained  milk  and  the  butter  caused  tubercu- 
losis on  injection  into  guinea-pigs. 

Q.  How  do  you  account  for  the  high  percentages  of  milk 
containing  faeces  or  which  is  contaminated  with  faeces? 

A.  I thought  at  one  time  that  the  high  percentage  of  faeces 
in  milk,  or  the  high  percentage  of  milk  containing  faeces,  was  due 
to  gross  carelessness  on  the  part  of  the  dairyman,  and  then,  in 
order  to  check  up  my  views  on  the  subject,  I simply  sent  down 
successively  a number  of  men  that  I have  under  my  control,  to 
milk  a cow,  and  I was  perfectly  amazed  how  few  of  them  were 
able  to  get  a satisfactory  quantity  of  milk  from  a cow  without  a 
good  deal  of  cow  faeces  in  it.” 

The  positive  proof  of  the  frequency  of  bovine  bacilli  in  the  milk 
of  a tuberculous  cow  of  itself  established  the  fact  that  such  milk  is 
unfit  for  human  food. 

Any  suggestion  to  the  contrary  is  intolerable. 

The  thought  of  drinking  it  oneself  or  giving  it  to  one’s  child  is 
revolting. 


176 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Such  milk  will  infect  guinea-pigs,  rabbits,  hogs,  monkeys  and  other 
experimental  animals.  Why  not  weak,  tender,  delicate  babes  ? 

It  is  obviously  difficult,  if  not  possible,  to  prove  to  an  absolute 
certainty  that  the  particular  bacilli  that  caused  bovine  tuberculosis  in  a 
human  being  came  from  milk.  Such  bacilli  may  have  been  floating  in 
the  air  or  in  the  water  or  may  have  found  their  way  otherwise  to  the 
victim.  But  in  view  of  the  fact  that  nearly  every  case  of  bovine  tuber- 
culosis thus  far  demonstrated  had  been  found  in  infants  whose  chief 
or  only  food  was  cow’s  milk,  the  conclusion  is  almost  irresistible  that 
such  milk  was  the  source  of  infection. 

Quoting  from  the  testimony  of  Dr.  Park  (p.  190,  191,  192,  v.  4)  : 

Q.  Now,  Doctor,  I will  ask  you  as  a result  of  your  observation 
and  experience  whether  in  your  opinion  bovine  tuberculosis  is 
communicable  from  the  cow  to  the  human  being  through  the  me- 
dium of  milk  used  as  food. 

A.  I am  convinced  that  human  beings  do  contract  tuberculosis 
through  tubercle  bacilli  which  have  been  taken  through  milk  con- 
taining tubercle  bacilli  from  cattle. 

Q.  Now,  Doctor,  if  you  have  any  other  reasons,  any  reasons 
other  than  those  you  have  already  given  to*  support  this  opinion, 
will  you  kindly  give  them. 

A.  I have — if  I can  leave  that  out — in  my  mind  the  cultural 
experiments  which  have  shown  that  in  a considerable  proportion, 
about  twenty-two  per  cent,  of  the  children  whose  material  I have 
examined,  that  bacilli  of  the  bovine  type  are  present,  this  is  to 
me  by  all  means  the  most  conclusive  of  any  proof  that  I could 
obtain.  I have  a certain  amount  of  circumstantial  evidence  which 
has  in  my  opinion  much  less  value,  such  as,  for  instance,  a case  of 
abdominal  tuberculosis,  in  which  we  obtain  the  tubercle  bacilli 
from  the  material  obtained  at  operation  which  were  of  the  bovine 
source ; I found  that  the  material  which  that  child  received  or 
rather,  the  material  from  the  dairy  from  which  the  child  received 
its  milk,  contained  bacilli  of  the  bovine  type  on  two  different  exam- 
inations. In  both  these  cases,  the  ordinary  milk  sent  to  the  home 
of  the  child  was  taken  without  any  knowledge  of  anyone  as  to  the 
reason  the  milk  was  taken.  In  both  cases,  bovine  bacilli  were 
found  present  in  the  milk  and  infected  guinea-pigs.  Another  bit 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


177 


of  circumstantial  evidence  is  the  fact  that  eight  cases  of  general 
tuberculosis  received  from  the  Foundling  Hospital,  four  were  of 
the  bovine  type,  while  of  the  larger  number  received  from  the 
Babies’  Hospital  only  one  was  of  the  bovine  type.  The  children 
at  the  Foundling  Hospital  are  sent  out  to  be  taken  care  of  by  wo- 
men throughout  the  city,  and  as  a rule,  receive  cow’s  milk  or  some 
other  form  of  food  than  mother’s  milk ; while  the  children  received 
at  the  Babies’  Hospital  are  the  general  infants  of  the  city,  of  which 
at  least  nine-tenths  have  received  human  milk.  The  only  case 
from  the  Babies’  Hospital  in  which  we  found  bovine  bacilli  had 
been  fed  on  cow’s  milk.” 

Without  attempting  to  make  any  estimate  of  the  extent  of  bovine 
tubercular  infection  among  human  beings  caused  by  milk,  the  evidence 
satisfies  me  that  there  is  danger  of  such  infection. 

Dr.  Becker  for  the  plaintiff  admits  such  danger  and  Dr.  Morris, 
for  the  plaintiff,  goes  even  further  when  he  says  (p.  24,  v.  4). 

“To  state  it  briefly,  there  is  no  doubt  of  occasional  transmis- 
sion of  the  bovine  tubercle  bacilli  through  milk  in  consequence  of 
improper  methods  allowed  at  the  time  of  withdrawing  the  fluid 
from  the  udder ; or  on  account  of  the  presence  in  the  udder  of  an 
active  tubercle  lesion,  which  is  very  rare.” 

Due  regard  for  the  public  health,  therefore,  demands  that  the  sale 
of  such  milk  be  prohibited  and  the  practical  enforcement  of  such  a 
prohibition  demands  the  use  of  some  trustworthy  agent  that  will  diag- 
nose tuberculosis  in  the  cow. 

This  brings  us  to  the  main  and  as  certain  of  counsel  contend  the 
only  question  before  the  Referee : Is  the  tuberculin  test  such  an  agent? 

THE  TUBERCULIN  TEST. 

The  tuberculin  test  is  made  by  first  ascertaining  the  normal  tem- 
perature of  the  animal,  then  injecting  tuberculin  and  noting  its  effects. 
If  there  be  no  rise  of  temperature  following  the  injection,  the  animal 
is  supposed  to  be  free  from  tuberculosis.  But  if  there  be  a marked 
reaction,  the  temperature  taking  a characteristic  course  known  as  the 
tuberculin  curve,  the  animal  is  believed  to  be  tuberculous. 

In  the  light  of  their  experience  related  on  the  witness-stand,  it  is 
no  wonder  that  the  dairymen  who  are  represented  by  the  plaintiff  in  this 


178 


ANNUAL  KEPOKT  OF  THE 


action  believe  the  tuberculin  test  wholly  unreliable  and  untrustworthy. 
One  after  another  told  of  the  testing  of  his  herd,  of  following  those 
condemned  by  the  test  as  tuberculous  to  the  slaughter  house  in  Milwau- 
kee, seeing  them  slaughtered  and  being  unable  to  find  in  most  of  them 
any  signs  whatever  of  tuberculosis. 

Herman  Knoebel,  who  had  nine  Holstein  and  Jerseys  condemned 
by  the  test,  saw  five  of  them  slaughtered  and  on  examination  of  the 
carcasses  found  only  one  with  any  traces  of  tuberculosis.  Four  showed 
no  disease  and  were  passed  by  the  government  inspectors  as  fit  for 
human  food. 

Alfred  T.  Gardner  had  the  test  applied  to  his  herd  of  48  cattle  and 
27  were  condemned.  He  saw  them  after  slaughter  and  the  inspector 
showed  him  signs  of  tuberculosis  in  but  five  or  six  of  the  27. 

Gustav  Brach  had  his  herd  tested  and  practically  wiped  out,  28  out 
of  29  being  condemned.  He  saw  eight  after  slaughter  and  six  of  these 
were  passed  by  the  government  inspectors  as  fit  for  human  food. 

Richard  Mansfield,  two  of  whose  cows  were  condemned  and  slaugh- 
tered, procured  the  official  record  of  their  inspection  from  Washington 
and  that  record  shows  the  cows  not  diseased. 

Charles  Bielf  eld  who  had  13  condemned  also  procured  the  official 
record  of  their  inspection  from  Washington,  and  it  showed  four  dis- 
eased and  nine  not  diseased. 

Many  other  credible  dairymen  and  cattle  breeders  testified  to  sim- 
ilar experiences. 

The  defendants,  with  the  purpose  of  disapproving  certain  statements 
of  these  witnesses  ofifered  in  evidence  official  records  of  the  State  Veter- 
inarian’s office,  compiled  from  the  reports  of  the  government  inspec- 
tors. (p.  928-931,  v.  3). 

While  on  some  details  these  reports  contradicted  the  testimony  of 
the  dairymen  as  to  the  condition  of  particular  cattle,  they  brought  out 
even  more  strongly  the  fact  that  many  cattle,  condemned  by  the  test 
as  tuberculous,  the  government  inspection  showed  “no  lesions.” 

The  official  reports  from  Washington  and  Madison  seemed  to  be 
strong  proofs  for  the  plaintiff.  If  they  be  taken  at  their  face  value, 
they  are  record  evidence  that  the  tuberculin  test  is  unreliable. 

But  it  satisfactorily  appears  from  subsequent  testimony  that  the 
purpose  of  the  government  inspection  is  not  to  prove  or  disprove  the 
accuracy  of  the  tuberculin  test,  but  to  determine  whether  or  not  the 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


179 


animal  inspected  is  fit  for  human  food.  Dr.  Morris,  perhaps  the  chief 
expert  witness  for  plaintiff  as  to  the  test,  admits  that  in  his  testimony 
(p.  44,  v.  4)  : 

Q.  Under  government  inspection  cows  that  have  tuberculosis 
may  be  sold  if  it  is  not  progressive  or  such  as  would  affect  all  parts 
of  the  cow? 

A.  If  it  is  not  generalized. 

Q.  The  unaffected  parts  may  be  used  for  food  ? 

A.  Yes,  if  it  only  appears  in  one  organ  or  one  cavity,  not 
generalized,  they  will  pass  it  as  fit  for  food.” 

Dr.  John  R.  Mohler,  chief  of  the  Pathological  Division  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  which  has  jurisdiction  of  the  federal  inspectors 
stationed  at  the  slaughter  houses  testified  that  the  inspectors  are  not 
supposed  to  make  a minute  study  of  the  glandular  system  of  the  cattle, 
which  would  disfigure  the  carcass,  unless  there  are  lesions  of  tuberculo- 
sis in  the  viscera  which  would  necessitate  minute  examination,  (p.  289, 
v.  4).  He  says  it  is  not  the  purpose  of  the  inspector  to  prove  the  test 
and  testifies  (p.  296,  v.  4)  : 

“If  there  is  no  evidence  of  tuberculosis  in  the  viscera,  they 
would  not  be  expected  to  disfigure  and  destroy  the  value  of  the  car- 
cass by  looking  in  all  the  glands  which  they  would  have  to  look  into 
to  make  a minute  examination  for  tuberculosis.  The  regulations 
of  the  Department  on  Meat  Inspection  state  that  in  case  they  find 
lesions  of  tuberculosis  in  the  viscera,  they  must  then  go  and  make 
a minute  examination  of  the  glands  of  the  body;  not  otherwise, 
because  this  examination  destroys  the  carcass.” 

It  must  be  plain  to  everybody  that  the  rush  and  hurry  of  a slaugh- 
ter house,  while  killing  goes  on,  is  not  an  ideal  place  for  scientific  or 
reasonably  careful  inspection.  Several  of  the  witnesses  for  plaintiff 
tell  how  the  cattle  are  brought  out  four  at  a time  and  the  speed  with 
which  they  are  slaughtered  and  disposed  of. 

“There  was  four  butchers,”  said  one  witness,  “to  work  but  only 
one  inspector  in  the  afternoon,  and  the  butchers  hauled  the  innards 
all  together,  two  or  three  of  them,  they  laid  in  a pile.  The  inspec- 
tor would  go  and  examine  them  and  go  back  to  his  desk  and  write 
down  something,  and  then  he  would  go  back,  and  he  made  a mis- 


180 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


take ; he  changed  over.  I corrected  him  once  or  twice.  I seen  him 
do  it  again  and  I thought  I would  keep  still.  Had  nobody  there 
as  a witness.”  (p.  273,  v.  1). 

“My  opinion  is  he  condemned  two  on  one  carcass.” 

To  determine  the  accuracy  of  the  test  requires  the  examination  of 
every  portion  of  the  carcass  most  carefully  in  order  to  detect  the  smal- 
lest possible  lesion  and  the  failure  of  the  inspector  to  find  lesions  in  the 
examination  made  by  him  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  edibility 
of  the  meat  cannot  be  accepted  as  impeaching  the  reliability  of  the  test. 

It  would  be  manifestly  absurd  to  judge  the  test  from  the  observa- 
tions of  dairymen  who  were  present  at  such  inspection  but  have  no 
knowledge  of  animal  pathology. 

The  test  must  be  upheld  or  cast  down  by  the  evidence  of  men  who 
have  scientific  knowledge  of  it  and  of  the  disease  it  is  presumed  to 
diagnose. 

Plaintiff  sought  to  establish  by  his  expert  witnesses  the  following : 

1.  Physical  examination  by  a competent  veterinarian  is  sufficient 
to  safeguard  the  public,  and  the  test  therefore  is  unnecessary. 

2.  The  test  will  cause  reaction  in  animals  where  the  lesions  are 
encysted  and  harmless. 

3.  That  the  test  is  frequently  made  and  misinterpreted  by  incom- 
petent men,  thus  condemning  many  healthy  cattle. 

4.  That  the  test  will  not  give  a reaction  in  the  incubation  period 
of  the  disease. 

5.  That  the  test  will  not  give  a reaction  in  the  final  stages  of  the 
disease. 

6.  That  excitement  and  diseases  other  than  tuberculosis  will  cause 
the  reaction. 

The  weight  of  expert  opinion  seems  to  be  strongly  against  the 
claim  that  physical  examination  even  by  a competent  veterinarian  can 
be  relied  upon  to  detect  tuberculosis  in  cattle. 

Dr.  Park  testifies  (p.  231-232,  v.  4)  : 

“In  external  tuberculosis  or  in  advanced  tuberculosis,  physical 
examination  will  naturally  reveal  the  condition  and  so  eliminate  the 
worst  animals  from  a herd ; but  physical  examination  will  not  elim- 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


181 


inate  all  cows  which  may  be  passing  milk  containing  tubercle  ba- 
cilli or  which  may  be  passing  through  the  faeces  tubercle  bacilli 
which  may  get  into  the  milk.” 

This  testimony  is  corroborated  with  singular  uniformity  by  Dr. 
Russell  and  Dr.  Ravenel. 

The  testimony  offered  by  plaintiff  is  not  convincing  that  the  test  will 
cause  reaction  where  the  lesions  are  encysted  and  harmless.  It  does 
not  stand  to  reason  that  where  the  bacilli  are  fully  encysted  and  walled 
off  from  the  circulation,  the  tuberculin  can  reach  them.  If  the  fibrous 
capsule,  which  encloses  them,  is  of  such  a character  that  the  tuberculin 
can  get  in,  causing  a reaction,  it  is  certain  that  the  bacilli  can  get  out. 
This  is  the  concensus  of  opinion  of  all  the  expert  witnesses  except  Dr. 
Morris  and  Dr.  Becker.  Dr.  Becker,  however,  has  had  little  or  no 
experience  in  the  treatment  of  cattle  and  no  experience  whatever  in 
applying  the  tuberculin  test  to  them. 

It  seems  to  be  established  that  the  test  is  often  made  by  incompetent 
persons ; that  young  men  after  a few  weeks  course  at  the  Wisconsin 
University,  without  knowledge,  experience  or  skill,  are  let  loose  on  the 
dairymen  duly  licensed  and  in  their  ignorant  and  injudicious  interpre- 
tation of  the  test  condemn  many  healthy  animals.  This,  however,  goes 
to  the  reliability  of  the  man  and  not  to  the  reliability  of  the  test.  To 
condemn  the  tuberculin  test  because  of  the  mistakes  of  incompetents 
is  as  unreasonable  as  to  condemn  vaccination  or  the  diphtheria  anti- 
toxin because  these  acknowledged  preventives  and  curative  agencies 
have  been  abused  by  quacks  and  charlatans. 

It  is  admitted  that  the  test  will  not  cause  a reaction  during  the 
incubation  stage  of  the  disease,  and  counsel  for  plaintiff  claim  that  it  is 
to  that  extent  unreliable. 

The  incubatory  stage  is  the  period  between  the  entrance  of  the  ba- 
cilli and  their  effective  lodgment.  During  this  period  while  conditions 
for  the  disease  are  being  shaped,  the  disease  in  my  opinion  is  not  actu- 
ally existent  and  certainly  not  developed  to  the  danger  point  of  shed- 
ding bacilli.  The  inability  of  the  test  to  demonstrate  this  stage  is  there- 
fore no  reflection  on  its  efficiency. 

It  is  also  admitted  that  the  test  will  sometimes  not  cause  reaction 
in  certain  final  stages,  where  the  disease  is  generalized.  But  the  con- 


182 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


dition  of  an  animal  at  such  a stage  ought  surely  to  be  evident  even  to 
the  unpracticed  eye  of  a layman. 

As  for  an  animal  reacting  because  of  excitement  brought  about  by 
the  presence  of  strangers  or  otherwise,  while  it  is  perhaps  possible,  the 
experienced  veterinarian,  qualified  to  make  the  test,  ought  to  be  able 
to  guard  against  any  such  condition.  None  but  an  experienced  veteri- 
narian in  my  opinion  should  ever  be  entrusted  with  this  important  duty. 
It  is  acknowledged  that  there  are  two  diseases  other  than  tuberculosis 
which  will  cause  reaction  to  the  test.  These  are  lumpy  jaw  and  lep- 
rosy. Should  either  of  these  be  mistaken  for  tuberculosis  through  the 
tuberculin  test  and  the  animal  slaughtered,  surely  no  voice  will  be  raised 
against  it. 

Not  a single  expert  witness  produced  by  plaintiff  goes  to  the  extreme 
of  saying  as  the  plaintiff  has  said  in  paragraph  io  of  the  complaint  that 
the  test  is  entirely  unreliable  and  utterly  worthless.  Dr.  Morris,  his 
chief  expert  witness,  says  (p.  io,  v.  4)  : 

“I  can  say  from  my  own  experience  that  the  tuberculin  test 
will  be  able  to  detect  some  tuberculosis  in  cattle.” 

And  further  on  page  7,  v.  4,  he  says : 

“If  the  dairyman  wishes  to  go  into  a more  scientific  demonstra- 
tion, and  desires  his  herd  to  be  tuberculined,  I believe  that  it  will 
reveal  conditions — primary  conditions,  incipient  conditions — of  the 
disease,  which  could  not  be  detected  by  a physical  examination.” 

And  Dr.  Moore,  the  other  expert  witness  for  plaintiff,  practically 
confirms  the  defendants’  claim  as  to  its  efficiency. 

Quoting  from  his  testimony  (p.  160,  v.  4)  : — 

Q.  Doctor,  you  have  had  something  over  25  years  experience 
with  cattle,  and  an  experience  for  the  last  15  years  and  more  with 
the  tuberculin  test? 

A.  Yes. 

Q.  You  have  personally  tested  many  hundreds  of  head  of  cat- 
tle? 

A.  Yes,  many  thousands. 

Q.  A great  many  have  responded  to  the  test? 

A.  Yes,  sir. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


183 


Q.  And  did  you  examine  the  carcass  after  they  were  slaugh- 
tered of  such  as  were  slaughtered  ? 

A.  In  many  cases,  not  always. 

Q.  In  many  cases? 

A.  Yes,  sir,  in  most  cases. 

Q.  On  your  experience  with  the  test,  what  is  your  opinion  as 
to  its  efficiency? 

A.  My  opinion  of  the  tuberculin  test  is  that  it  is  a very  valu- 
able diagnostic  agent  if  it  is  performed  with  good  tuberculin  ; if  it 
is  backed  up  by  a man  of  experience  and  judgment.” 

On  the  other  hand,  the  testimony  of  the  expert  witnesses  for  the 
defendants  is  positive  and  unqualified. 

Dr.  Mohler,  Chief  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  who 
has  tested  thousands  of  cattle,  states  that  the  test  is  the  only  satisfac- 
tory means  for  determinating  the  presence  of  tuberculosis  in  cattle ; 
and  while  he  does  not  consider  it  totally  infallible  says  that  it  will  pro- 
duce the  reaction  in  over  97%  of  the  tuberculous  cases  tested.  The 
statistics  of  his  Bureau,  covering  a period  of  15  years,  of  over  24,000 
cattle  tested  and  slaughtered,  show  that  tuberculous  lesions  were  found 
in  over  98%  of  them. 

He  says  (p.  262,  v.  4)  : — 

“It  is  my  opinion  that  in  the  small  percentage  of  failures  to 
find  lesions  of  tuberculosis  following  the  tuberculin  test,  that,  if 
microscopic  examinations  were  made  of  the  various  tissues,  and 
inoculations  of  guinea-pigs  were  made,  this  percentage  would  be 
much  less  than  what  it  is — this  percentage  of  failures.  From  my 
own  personal  experience  in  inoculating  animals  with  tissues  that 
apparently,  to  the  naked  eye,  did  not  contain  anything  of  a tuber- 
culous character,  yet  these  inoculations  of  experimental  animals 
proved  that  the  bacilli  were  there  but  had  not  advanced  to  the  stage 
where  the  naked  eye  could  detect  the  character  of  the  lesions.” 

Dr.  Schroeder,  Superintendent  of  the  Experiment  Station  of  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  who  has  served  the  government  for 
nearly  22  years  as  veterinarian,  pathologist  and  bacteriologist  and  who 
for  nearly  twenty  years  has  given  special  study  to  the  subject  of  tuber- 


184 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


culosis  in  cattle  and  who  has  had  years  of  experience  with  the  tuber- 
culin test,  says : — 

“The  result  of  my  tests  is  simply  this,  that  under  my  direction 
tuberculin  manufactured  by  the  Bureau  of  which  I am  a member 
has  an  efficiency  of  about  99%. ” 

Dr.  Schroeder  verifies  the  statement  of  Dr.  Mohler  that  in  those 
cases  where  lesions  are  not  visible  to  the  naked  eye,  a thorough  scien- 
tific search  will  reveal  them. 

Dr.  Clute,  formerly  Wisconsin  State  Veterinarian,  who  has  had  a 
wide  experience  with  the  test,  says  that  during  the  last  years  he  was 
veterinarian  he  post-mortemed  278  head  of  cattle  that  had  reacted  to 
the  test  and  found  only  two  on  which  the  tuberculous  lesions  were  not 
visible  to  the  naked  eye.  There  was  no  microscopical  examination  of 
those  two.  He  testifies  (p.  798,  v.  2)  : — 

“I  absolutely  believe  it  is  infallible.” 

Dr.  Clark,  our  State  Veterinarian,  testifies  that  he  has  personally 
tested  about  10,000  cattle,  has  held  post-mortems  on  from  six  to  eight 
thousand  and  has  found  lesions  with  the  naked  eye  in  about  99%. 

Dr.  Ravenel,  Professor  of  Bacteriology  in  the  University  of  Wis- 
consin and  who  was  for  ten  years  bacteriologist  of  the  State  Live  Stock 
Sanitary  Board  of  Pennsylvania,  a man  whose  reputation  as  a scientist 
I have  heretofore  referred  to  as  international,  has  had  a very  wide 
experience  with  the  test.  It  was  his  duty  for  years  as  scientific  expert 
to  study  apparent  failures  of  it.  In  the  light  of  all  his  study  and  expe- 
rience, he  testifies  that  he  considers  the  tuberculin  test  reliable  and  that 
tuberculous  lesions  will  be  found  in  98.8%  of  all  animals  reacting,  (p. 
750,  V.  2). 

Dr.  H.  L.  Russell,  Dean  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  of  our  State 
University  and  for  years  Professor  of  Bacteriology,  a man  who  has 
had  the  benefit  of  the  best  schools  of  our  country  and  special  training 
with  Koch  and  Pasteur  in  their  laboratories  in  Europe,  confirms  the 
opinions  of  Mohler,  Schroeder  and  Ravenel.  He  has  had  wide  expe- 
rience with  the  tuberculin  test  since  the  date  of  its  discovery,  making 
examination  of  animals  in  various  portions  of  the  state  with  the  view 
of  testing  its  validity.  Of  the  hundreds  of  cattle  upon  which  he  made 
postmortems  after  the  test,  there  were  only  two  in  which  he  did  not 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


185 


find  lesions.  He  regards  the  test  as  an  efficient  method  for  determining 
tuberculosis  in  cattle  (p.  509,  v.  2)  and  gives  it  as  his  belief  from  the 
study  of  the  literature  on  the  subject  and  personal  contact  with  those 
who  are  most  familiar  with  the  work,  that  it  is  the  concensus  of  opin- 
ion among  scientific  men  that  the  tuberculin  test  is  the  most  accurate 
method  of  diagnosing  tuberculosis. 

The  burden  of  proof  was  on  the  plaintiff  to  show  that  the  tuberculin 
test  is  wholly  unreliable,  untrustworthy  and  entirely  worthless  so  far 
as  being  any  guide  or  protection  to  the  public.  Plaintiff  has  not  done 
so.  Such  was  my  conclusion  after  hearing  the  witnesses.  But  the 
great  importance  of  the  case  forbade  a hasty  finding  and  moved  me  to 
a thorough  review  of  the  testimony. 

After  careful  consideration,  I am  fully  convinced  of  the  value  of 
the  tuberculin  test.  Applied  and  interpreted  by  competent  men  its 
efficiency  is  clearly  established. 

Instead  of  being  unreliable,  untrustworthy  and  worthless,  it  has  been 
proven  a marvelously  accurate,  scientific  method  of  ascertaining  tuber- 
culosis in  cattle. 

(Signed)  JOSEPH  G.  DONNELLY, 
Referee  and  Court  Commissioner. 


Dated  Sept.  nth.  1909. 


I 


REPORT  OF 


REFEREE  JOSEPH  Q. 
IN  TUBERCULIN  CASE 


DONNELLY 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN. 

CIRCUIT  COURT  MILWAUKEE  COUNTY 


JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS, 

Vs. 

CITY  OF  MILWAUKEE  and 
GERHARD  A.  BADING, 


Plaintiff, 


Defendants. 


ss. 


The  issues  of  fact  raised  in  the  above  entitled  cause  by  the  allega- 
tion of  Paragraph  io  of  the  complaint  herein  and  the  denial  thereof, 
having  been  referred  to  me,  the  undersigned  Court  Commissioner,  by 
an  order  of  the  Circuit  Court,  dated  the  7th  day  of  April,  1909,  to  hear, 
try  and  determine  the  same,  I,  Joseph  G.  Donnelly,  the  Court  Commis- 
sioner and  Referee  so  appointed,  do  hereby  respectfully  report  as  fol- 
lows, to-wit : — 

1.  That  on  the  26th  day  of  April,  1909,  the  parties  hereto  appeared 
before  me  at  my  office,  Room  812  Pabst  Building,  corner  of  East  Water 
and  Wisconsin  Streets  in  the  City  of  Milwaukee,  and  the  proceedings 
had  in  this  matter  are  fully  set  forth  in  the  record  of  said  proceedings 
filed  herewith  and  marked  Exhibit  “A.” 

2.  That  upon  the  testimony  taken  and  other  proceedings  had,  I 
make  and  report  the  following  findings  of  fact,  to-wit : — 


COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 


188 


FINDINGS  OF  FACT. 


1.  That  bovine  tuberculosis  is  transmissible  to  man. 

2.  That  there  is  danger  of  infection  to  man  from  bovine  bacilli  in 
milk  from  tuberculous  cows. 

3.  That  the  tuberculin  test  while  not  infallible,  is  a reliable,  trust- 
worthy and  useful  diagnostic  agent  for  determining  the  existence  or 
non-existence  of  tuberculosis  in  cattle. 


(Signed)  JOSEPH  G.  DONNELLY, 


Dated  Sept.  7th,  1909. 


Rp.fjzcp.&jind  Court  Commissioner. 


■■ 


