accession  number 

S90 

PRBS  S MARK 


XX/?^  ■ 911- 


THE 


Varieties  of  Dogs, 

AS  THEY  ARE  FOUND  IN  OLD  SCULPTURES, 
PICTURES,  ENGRAVINGS,  AND  BOOKS. 


With  the  Names  of  the  Artifts  by  whom  they  are  reprefentedy  fhowing  how 
long  many  of  the  numerous  Breeds  now  exijiing  have  been  known. 

By  Ph.  CHARLES  BERJEAU. 

LONDON: 

DULAU  & CO.  37  Soho  Sqitare. 


XX  ^ 


LONDON ; 

Printed  by  Strangeways  &c  Walden, 
28  Caftle  St.  Lelcefter  Sq. 


-1' 


TO 

OHN  B.  INGLIS,  ESQ; 

cf)i0  motk 

IS  RESPECTFULLY  DEDICATED 
BY 

HIS  OBEDIENT  AND  FAITHFUL  SERVANT, 


Ph.  CHARLES  BERJEAU. 


■V 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/b24867238 


THE 


VARIETIES  OF  DOGS. 


“ Lo,  the  poor  Indian 

But  thinks,  admitted  to  that  equal  Iky, 

His  faithful  dog  fhall  bear  him  company.” 

EJfa^  on  Man,  Ep.  I. 

The  fidelity  of  dogs  is  fo  much  more  proverbial  than  that  of  their 
mafters,  that  an  inftance  equally  honourable  to  both  is  worth 
knowing.  The  chariot  of  Indru  was  waiting  to  carry  Yoodhift’huru  to 
heaven ; he  came  to  the  place,  his  dog  following.  “ I don’t  take 
dogs,”  fays  Indru.  “ Then  I don’t  go,”  replies  Yoodhift’huru.  The 
dog,  however,  turned  out  to  be  Humu,  a god,  and  the  difficulty  was 
got  over.^ 

But  we  do  not  pretend  to  confider  dogs  in  a theological  point  of 
view.  We  will  fimply  ftate  here  to  what  purpofe  we  prefent  in  the 
following  plates  the  varieties  of  dogs  as  found  in  antique  marbles,  in 


Ward,  Hind.  Hijiory,  vol.  iv.  p.  448. 


6 


books,  drawings,  and  pidlures,  down  to  the  17th  century.  According 
to  Darwin’s  'Theory  of  Selection,  the  forms  of  animals  are.  In  the  courfe 
of  ages,  modified  by  climate  and  habits,  even  when  their  fpecles  may  be 
brought  back  to  a type  almoft  unique,  and  not  complicated  as  regards 
fize  and  general  outline  of  the  body.  Are  fuch  modifications  highly 
obfervable  in  dogs,  of  which  the  common  type  may  be,  and  is,  in  fad, 
varied  almoft  ad  infinitum  by  crofs-breedings  ? Such  Is  the  queftion 
which  the  prefent  book  will,  perhaps,  help  to  bring  a little  nearer  Its 
folutlon. 

Some  of  the  greateft  artifts  feem  to  have  had  a particular  fancy  for 
dogs,  and  they  have,  without  doubt,  given  corred  likeneftes  of  fuch  as 
they  have  drawn.  The  infpedlon  of  their  drawings,  colleded  from 
every  available  fource,  and  reproduced  as  much  as  poftible  in  fac-fimile, 
muft,  therefore,  be  acceptable  to  all  who  take  an  Intereft  In  fuch  queftlons. 

The  laft  exhibition  of  fporting  and  other  dogs  which  we  have  juft 
witnefted  In  the  laft  week  of  March  1863,  confifting  of  more  than  1200 
dogs,  very  fairly  reprefented  all  the  varieties  now  extant  In  England. 
Let  us  enumerate  here  the  varieties  exhibited  as  a point  of  comparlfon 
with  our  drawings.  In  which,  certainly,  the  greater  part  of  thefe  varieties 
may  be  ftlll  recognifed. 


The  firft  divifion,  fporting  dogs,  fhowed  us  : 


1.  The  fox-hound. 

2.  The  fox-terrier. 

3 The  bloodhound. 

4.  The  otter-hound. 

5.  The  deer-hound. 

6.  The  harrier. 


7.  The  beagle. 

8.  The  greyhound. 

9.  The  pointer. 

10.  The  fetter. 

11.  The  black  and  tan 


I 2.  The  Irifh  fetter. 

13.  The  retriever. 

14.  The  Ruffian  retriever. 

15.  The  Clumber  fpaniel. 

16.  The  fpaniel. 


fetter. 


The  fecond  divifion,  dogs  not  ufed  in  field  fports,  included  the  reft 
of  the  canine  varieties  : 


17.  The  maftiff  dog. 

I 8.  The  Newfoundland. 

19.  The  St.  Bernard  dog. 

20.  The  Dalmatian. 

21.  The  large  fize  bull-dog. 

22.  The  fmall  fize  bull-dog. 

23.  The  bull  terrier. 

24.  The  black  and  tan  terrier. 

Among  the  large 

41.  A truffle-hunter. 

42.  A Rufflan  dog. 

43.  A boar-hound. 

44.  A Labrador  dog. 


25.  The  white  Englilh  ter- 

rier. 

26.  The  Englilh  terrier. 

27.  The  white  Scotch  terrier. 

28.  The  fawn  Scotch  terrier. 

29.  The  blue  Scotch  terrier. 

30.  The  Skye  terrier. 

3 I . The  Dandy  Dinmont. 
32.  The  pug  dog, 

foreign  dogs  were : 

45.  A Secellan  wolf-hound. 

46.  A reindeer  or  elk  dog. 

47.  A hyasna  and  wolf-hound. 

48.  A wolf  and  fox-hound. 


33.  The  Italian  greyhound. 

34.  The  Blenheim  fpaniel. 

35.  The  King  Charles’s 

fpaniel. 

36  The  Maltcfe  dog. 

37.  The  Scotch  colley. 

38.  The  French  poodle. 

39.  The  Efquimaux  dog. 

40.  The  Pomeranian  dog. 


49.  A Danifh  boar- hound. 

50.  An  Auftralian  dog. 

51.  A Prulflan  terrier. 

52.  A Turkifh  dog. 


Among  the  fmall  foreign  dogs  were  : 

53.  A Cuba  fpaniel.  And 

54.  A dog  fuppofed  to  be  a variety  of  the  wild  prairie  dog  of  India. 


Leaving  to  the  fportfman  and  to  the  artift^  to  find  in  the  drawings 
the  varieties  which  beft  correfpond  with  thofe  above  enumerated,  we  will 
now  point  out  more  fully  than  it  could  be  done  under  the  drawings, 
the  fources  from  which  they  are  derived. 

Marco  Polo  found  in  Thibet  dogs  of  the  fize  of  afies,  ftrong 
enough  to  hunt  all  forts  of  wild  beafts.  The  Aflyrian  dog  (Plate  i), 
taken  from  a wild-afs  hunt  in  one  of  the  baf-reliefs  of  Nineveh  at  the 
Britifh  Mufeum,  perhaps  belonged  to  this  variety,  which  Turner, 


8 


in  his  EmbaJJy  to  Thibet,  faw  in  a row  of  wooden  cages,  and  defcribes  as 
“ huge  dogs,  tremendoufly  fierce,  ftrong,  and  noify.”  The  following 
(Plates  2 and  3),  drawn  from  the  antique,  are  more  like  bloodhounds, 
while  the  type  of  the  greyhound  is  eafily  traced  to  thofe  of  Plate  4, 
likewife  drawn  from  an  antique  ftatue  of  Adteon,  in  the  Britifh  Mufeum. 

The  French  poodle  (Plate  5),  copied  from  a curious  engraving  in  the 
Print-room  of  the  Britifh  Mufeum,  by  an  unknown  French  mafter,  is 
accompanied  by  the  following  curious  infcription.  Above  his  head,  in 
a fcroll,  is : 

Ie  suis  Loyal  Barbet  veillant. 


And  under  him  : 


Lc  fage  nous  enfeigne,  et  di  ce  que  f enfuit. 


Qui  veut  cntrer  das  la  maifon 
II  doit  hurter  premieremet, 
En  ouurac  dire  fa  raifon 

Car  f’il  y entre  lourdement 
On  crira,  Barbet  arrefte. 

Crie,  inord-le  hardiment. 
Car  cell  cornme  toy  vne  belle. 


Dans  la  maifon  entre  maints  fots 
Pour  y prendre  ou  crocheter, 
D’autre  f’en  vont  voir  dans  le  pot, 
Qu’il  y a pour  le  rapporter 
Telz  fots  ont  gaigne  le  frotter 
Ils  font  bien  aifez  a cognoitre 
Car  font  ennemis  de  mon  maillre. 


Lc  bon  chicn  domcllique  veille,  ccpcndant  que  fon  maillre  dort, 

Et  f’il  vient  quelqu’un  il  I’cveille,  quand  par  fortune  il  dort  trop  lort. 


An  early  German  mafter  fhows  us  a pointer  and  a wolf-hound  in 
Plate  6. 

We  do  not  recommend  as  models  of  beauty  the  two  monfters 
(Plate  7)  taken  out  of  the  T)ire^orium  Hu77iante  Vita  (1480),  but  very 
likely  they  were  drawn  from  a crofs-breeding  between  the  greyhound 
and  maftiff.  Bergman  von  Holpe,  in  the  firft  edition  of  the  Stultifera 


9 


Navis  (1494),  has  drawn  a lion-dog  (Plate  8,  No.  i)  ; while  grey- 
hounds are  reprefented  by  Ant.  Sorg,  in  -^Jop  s Pables  (Augfburg, 
1475)  ; SchoefFer,  in  the  illuminated  ^ of  the  famous 

Pfalter  of  1457  (Plate  8,  Nos.  2 and  3).  The  drawings  of  Plate  9 
are  taken  from  the  firft  edition  of  the  Ship  of  Fools,  and  Ihow  bull- 
terriers  and  two  dogs  licking  the  fores  of  the  poor  pilgrim  at  the 
door  of  the  rich  man. 

In  Plates  10  and  ii  are  the  varieties  of  dogs  feen,  or  more  likely 
imagined,  by  the  artift  who  illuftrated  the  curious  book  of  Fables  com- 
piled by  Sebaftian  Brandt,  and  printed  at  Bafle  by  Jacobus  de  Phortzheim 
in  1501.  Has  Mich.  Wohlgemuth,  the  mafter  of  Albert  Diirer,  drawn 
from  nature  this  lingular  crofs-breeding  between  maftilF  and  greyhound, 
with  his  lion-tail  (Plate  12,  No.  2),  in  the  Nuremberg  Chronicle,  1493? 
More  faithful  to  nature,  perhaps,  but  very  little  artiftic,  are  thofe 
reprefented  by  Wynkvn  de  ^Vorde  in  the  far-famed  St.  Alban  s Book 
of  Juliana  Barnes  (1496).  Ifrael  van  Meckenen,  the  early  Dutch  or 
German  mafter  (1482-1489),  has  reprefented  in  his  curious  engravings 
(Plates  13  and  14)  greyhounds,  French  poodles,  fox-hounds,  cur-dogs, 
fpaniels,  fetters,  &c.  Albert  Diirer  (1471-1528)  reprefents  blood- 
hounds (Plate  15)’  greyhounds  (Plate  17)3  hon-dogs,  poodles,  and 
Scotch  terriers  (Plate  18),  a boar-hound,  and,  perhaps,  a Newfoundland, 
in  his  engraving  of  the  Knight  followed  by  Death  (Plate  19). 

John  van  Eyck’s  terrier  (Plate  16)  is  drawn  from  the  picT;ure  in 
the  National  Gallery,  London.  In  the  book  of  the  Foifon  d Or,  by 
Guillaume  de  St.  Bertin  (Paris,  1541,  in  folio),  is,  perhaps,  what  we  may 
call  a King  Charles  (Plate  20,  No.  1)  ; while  No.  2 are,  perhaps,  boar- 
hounds,  taken  from  the  Dijcours  du  Songe  de  Poliphile  (Paris,  1541). 


lO 


Lucas  Cranach  (1470-1553)  reprefented  (Plate  21)  fpaniels,  and  a 
favage-Iooking  wolf-dog.  The  dogs  of  Lucas  van  Leyden  (1516, 
Plate  22)  fhow  the  bull-dog,  the  pointer,  the  fetter,  and  an  Italian 
greyhound.  Burgkmair  (Plate  23),  in  the  triumph  of  Maximilian, 
depidled  a lion-dog  and  a fpanlel,  very  much  like  a Newfoundland.  In 
Plate  24  are  a harrier  and  a black  and  tan  terrier,  by  Roberta,  1520; 
a bloodhound  by  Montagna. 

Urs  Graf,  or  the  mafter  known  alfo  by  the  name  of  Gamperlein, 
Introduced  many  dogs  in  his  Pajfion,  printed  by  Knoblouch,  Strafburg, 
1507  (Plates  25  and  26).  Martin  de  Vos  (1579-1586)  reprefented  (Plate 
27)  greyhounds,  fpaniels.  King  Charles’s,  &c.  But  the  firft  appearance 
of  dogs,  beautifully  drawn,  in  an  Englilh  book,  may  be  traced  to  George 
TnrhtrYiWo^s  Noble  Arte  of  Venerie,  or  Huntings  London,  1576  (Plate  28), 
in  which  is  a maftiff  bitch  with  her  pups,  a black  or  Swifs  fox-hound 
(Plate  29) ; harriers,  retrievers,  a maftilf  dog  (Plate  30)  ; in  the  frontlfplece 
of  the  book,  here  reproduced  in  fac-hmlle,  a whole  pack  of  fox-hounds 
(Plate  31).  Londerzeel  (1586)  fhows  a water-fpaniel  ; and  Mair  (1501) 
Scotch  terriers.  Among  German  mailers,  Hans  Shaeuflein  (Plate  32) 
reprefented  a wolf-hound,  a fetter. 

Why  R.  Pynfon  Introduced  a bear-baiting,  feveral  times  reproduced, 
in  the  Antibojficon  (London,  1521,  in  4to.),  is  eafy  to  guefs  in  the  hatred 
which  even  grammatical  difputes  were  able  to  produce  in  the  pure 
fcholaftic  era.  The  poor  bear  is  aflailed  here  (Plate  33)  by  a hoft  of 
maftiffs,  and  perhaps  of  bull-dogs,  which  the  artiil;  has  not  very  faithfully 
reprefented. 

Early  Italian  artifts  deiigned  few  dogs  in  their  works.  One  of  the 
large  wolf-hounds  of  Nicoletti  da  Modena  (1536,  Plate  4)  is  reprefented 


with  the  muzzle  now  and  then  impofed  on  dogs  In  France  by  the  police 
authorities,  when  they  fuppofe  the  temperature  fufceptlble  of  engendering 
hydrophobia  — a miftake  which  often  caufes  a hetacomb  of  innocent 
canine  victims, 

Joft  Ammon,  In  his  very  curious  book  on  hunting,  entitled,  Kunjlliche 
wohlgeriJJ'ene  neu  Figuren  von  allerlai  Jagt  Kunjl.  F.furt  am  Mayn  (1592, 
4to.),  has  drawn  almoft  all  the  known  varieties  of  fporting  dogs  (Plates 
35-42).  The  dog  (Plate  43,  No  i)  with  his  tongue  after  the  heraldic 
fafhlon,  illuftrates  the  title  of  Sir  Thomas  Cockalne’s  Short  Freatije  of 
Hunting  (London,  1591,  In  4to.),  which  may  be  confidered  as  the 
ftarting-point  of  fox-hunting  as  fince  pradtifed  in  England.  The  three 
drawings  Plate  43,  No.  i,  and  Plate  44,  are  taken  from  a very  curious 
little  book  of  drawings  printed  at  Lyons  by  Jean  de  Tournes,  In  1556 
(8vo.),  without  any  text,  but  which  had  been  ufed  formerly  by  him 
In  his  printed  books. 

In  Plates  45  and  46  are  the  dogs  drawn  by  Boiflard,  and  fo  beau- 
tifully engraved  by  Theodor  de  Bry.  The  following  Plate  (47)  has 
drawings  by  Beckerweld  (1626).  Plate  48  is  a fac-fimile  of  the  title-page 
of  Fhe  Dtjcovery  of  Witches^  in  Anfwer  to  fever al  ^eries  lately  delivered 
to  the  Judges  of  Ajfvze  for  the  county  of  Norfolk  (London,  1647,  4^o.),  by 
Matthew  Hopkins,  to  whom  Butler  alludes  in  his  Hudibras^  p.  il.  canto  3. 
This  Hopkins’  fecret  to  difcover  a witch  was  to  throw  the  fufpedled  old 
woman  in  the  water.  If  Ihe  could  fwim  and  fave  herfelf  of  a watery 
grave,  Ihe  was  fure  to  be  burnt  as  a witch  ; if  drowned,  Ihe  was  con- 
lidered  innocent  of  the  heinous  crime  of  witchcraft.  Some  relations  of 
the  numerous  vidlims  of  Hopkins  Imagined  that  Hopkins  could  not 
difcover  the  witches  unlefs  himfelf  a wizard.  In  confequence,  they 


refolved  to  fubjed  him  to  the  water’s  trial,  and  as  he  could  not  fwim  and 
was  drowned,  they  concluded  he  was,  after  all,  a very  poor  wizard. 
Although  Hopkins’  imps  are  rather  fantaftical,  dogs  have  been  feen 
very  like  them,  if  their  devilifh  appendages  are  taken  away. 

From  a curious  print  of  the  time  is  taken  (Plate  4^)  a butchers  dog, 
as  known  in  1652.  The  print  accompanies  the  life  of  Hind,  the  great 
robber,  and  pretends  to  reprefent  him  when  he  was  a butcher’s  boy. 
The  dogs  (Plates  50  and  51)  engraved  by  W.  Faithorne,  are  drawn  from 
the  illuftrations  of  the  Englifh  tranflation  of  Homer,  by  John  Ogilby 
(London,  1660,  in  folio).  The  laft,  but  not  leaft,  drawing  (Plate  52)  is 
from  an  engraving  by  Cornelius  van  Noorden  (i68j),  in  the  Print-room 
of  the  Britifh  Mufeum. 


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Antique  fro/vi  the  British  museuivi. 


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(1)  BERGIVIANN  VON  OLPE,  K94-  (2)  ANT  SORG.  \^76 
(8)  FUST  SCHCEFFER,  1^57. 


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J,  B.  VON  OLPE,  149^. 


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JACOB.  DE  PHORTZHEIM,  BASLE,  1501 


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(2)  NURENBERG  CRONICLE.  IA93,  (3j  WYNKYN  DE  WORDE., 


M-96. 


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ISRAEL  VAN  IVIECKENEN,  1^82-  1498, 


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ISRAEL  VAN  IVIECKENEN,  1482  - I '^-98. 


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ALBERT  DURER,  1471  - 1528. 


JOHN  VAN  EYCK,  lAAO 


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ALBERT  DURER.  IA-7I-I528. 


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ALBLRT  DURER,  ,471-1528. 


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ALBERT  DURER,  i47l  - l5Ld. 


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rl)  TOISON  D'OR,  1641.  (2^  SONGE  DE  POLIPHILE,  1541 


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LUCAS  CRANACH,  l^7Q-  1553. 


LUCAS  VAN  LEYDEN,  1516 


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URS  GRAF,  1507 


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URS  GRAF,  1507 


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MARTIN  DE  VOS,  1579-  1686, 


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GEO.  TURBERVILLE,  157-5. 


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6EO,  TURBERVILLE,  1575 


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RICHARD  PVNSON,  \S9.\. 


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MICOLETTI  DA  MODENA,  1556 


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jOSr  AMMON,  1575 


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JOST  AMMON,  I55S.  1501. 


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JOST  AMMON.  I5S9,  1591. 


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josr  AIVIMON,  1539  1591 


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JOST  AMMON,  1559,  1591 


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f-ROM  HIND,  THE  GREAT  ROBBER,  WHEN  HE  WAS  A BUTCHERS  BO> , 1852 


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WILLIAM  FAITHORNE,  1660. 


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i 


51 


WILLIAIV!  FAITHORNE,  I860 


c5S 


CORNELIUS  '/AN  NOORDEN,  1683 


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