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iZirS 


J 


IS 


LIVES   OF  EMINENT 


MD 


ILLUSTRIOUS    ENGLISHMEN. 


Sf 


LIVES   OF   EMINENT 


AKU 


ILLUSTRIOUS    ENGLISHMEN, 


FROM 


ALFRED  THE  GREAT  TO  THE  LATEST  TIMES, 


4^n  an  ^rtsiiial  l@\m* 


Ki>irEi>  uv 


(iEORGE  GODFREY  CUNNINGHAM. 


tl.UflTRATSD  HV  A  SBklKS  OP  nNELY  BXECUTED  PORTHAITS,   ■ELECTED  PROM  IHK 
MOST  AUTHENTIC  SOURCES,  AND  BNORATED  BV  EMINENT  ARTISTS. 


VOLUME  VIL 


GLASGOW: 

A.  FULLARTON  &  CO.,  34,  HUTCHESON  STREET; 
AND  6,  ROXBURGH  I'LACE,  EDINBURGH. 


HDCCCXXXTtt. 


%.-"^^^ 


■.'*• 


^r;n: — 


^^^^^^V         CONTENTS  OP'  VOU  VII. 

I 

^^^^^B            POLITICAL  SBHIBB. 

1 

^^H 

^^^|H                        Cealmiud. ) 

ff 

800.  Sir  Dnvld  Diindu, 
S91.  Hcnrf  Gniltaii, 

^^H 
^^^1 

893.  Chnilri  Junn  Pbx. 

.       1 

60S.   John  Enrillcy  Wllmot,    . 

313           ^^^H 

83-1.  WUIiam  Pill.     . 

33 

ms.  Chu-lfi,  Diikr  uf  Nurlblk. 

■J43             ^^^H 

609.  Barrr.  l.onl  AviiiiniDrr, 

.    &I 

SO*.  Khtirlci,  Earl  Staiihapr. 

^^^H 

SW.  Cliorkt.  JvnrI  On-T. 

.■,e 

ftM,  John  CourLniny, 

^^^H 

hS".    ChurlrB,  Kiirl  ctf  LivtqHJol. 

.    m 

use.  Piiuli'k  lliiigv  11(111, 

^^^1 

M^  Admiral,  I.oni  fiftnliiivr,    . 

63 

897.   Sir  Rojrr  Ttirtii, 

so       ^^H 

HfiO.  Jnini'i,  Karl  of  Mfe,       . 

.    63 

SQti.  U#oi^t<  llarlliiKP, 

^^^M 

WO.  Orwml  Mvlvilk,      . 

«8 

KK>.   lUnrf  Enkinr. 

398           ^^^H 

Ml.  Sir  Jt^n  Moorp,    . 

.     71 

91)0,    rniiifin  Humcr,      .         , 

^^^1 

SGS.  Gcuq^H,  Knrl  MncartiivT, .. 

SI 

901.  Sir  f'liUip  Francis,     . 

^^^1 

M3.  Grrrara,  Viicoiml  Lmka. 

.     Hi 

908.  John  PalmiT. 

^^^H 

B(St.  Cnvrndlih,  Diikit  nf  PorUaiid 

.    01 

003.   Sir  Kichurd  Miii|imvr, 

^^^1 

S65.    William  WlntllLnni,     . 

M 

OOt.  Churl  IK.  ill)  kit  ul  Kiviiiiiunil. 

^^^1 

Hlin.  CuUiIx-n,  Lonl  Cullliigwnoil 

OB 

903.   ChnrUi,  dukn  of  Bitcclm|;h 

^^^1 

867.  Henry,  Vlicoiml  ^kliillr. 

100 

906.  Sir  Vlcary  Glbb*,  . 

^^^1 

B08.  Sir  I'plpr  I'arkir.   . 

.  113 

907.   Prant^iK  Harparp, 

^^^1 

M!>.   Siieiirtr  Ppi««vsl, 

lie 

SOS.   sir  John  Mnirptionnn,  . 

^^^H 

870.  Gnuivaif  Slmrp,    . 

.  191 

909.   Robert,  marqupn  of  Loniloii 

^^^^1 

ari.  g:iT  Willlniii  Mflavn. 

133 

ifeiy. 

^^^H 

STI.   WilliBni.  ViBCuunt  ll«we. 

138 

010.  DBTid  nicordo,  . 

^^^H 

S7X   Willioui.  Lord  Aucklaml.  . 

ISf> 

Oil.  Jiihn,  EnrI  Si  Vili(«ill. . 

^^^H 

874.  Oillicn,  l<uril  -Miiilu, 

Nl 

913.  Jolili,  Eiirl  of  Ho]>rloim,     . 

^^^H 

87i,  Hood.  Viarount  Bridfoti.  . 

US 

01.1.   GrurKV.  Lord  Keith,      . 

^^^H 

87C  Sii  I'lkinuu  riutuii. 

UD 

014.   TlioinM,  Uird  Enkiiie.      . 

^^^H 

977.  gir  IU>b*it  Caldi<r.    . 

IBl 

9li^  Charin  Orwil, 

333             ^^^1 

are.  Samuel  WliUbmul. 

in 

BIO.   H<nFnnl,  EnrI  of  Carliilf, . 

^^^M 

879.  SIf  Smiiupl  Hood,      . 

lei 

917.  Julin  Csrtwrt)[lll,   . 

^^^M 

^H      tieu.   Riclianl  BriiitlfT  Sheridan, 

105 

918.  Riclianl,  Eail  of  D(uiaiij(Ii 

^^^^M 

^^M     SSI.  Jolin  Pliil]K>t  i  'iirmn. 

tu 

mod'. 

^^^H 

^^^    089.   CrorKE  Poiibonbj. 

197 

919.  Chnrict,  Enri  Whltworlh,  . 

^^^H 

^^H    S03.  Sir  Jolin  Thiiiiina  Duckworth, 

19a 

930.    Sir  Dnuld  OcbWrlimj.   . 

^^^H 

^^P    8S4.  Wnrrcii  Huitintri.  - 

3D3 

091.   Robert.  Lord  OilT.mi. 

^^^H 

^^H     QSfi.    (Mwiird,  lioni  KUpiiburuiigll, 

813 

928.    !<rr  blamron!  Ra/llri.      . 

^^^1 

^^^      nti.   Sir  Sniniicl  KoniillT. 

•2\i 

0K3.    Kiuluii.  Knri  (if  &lulm. 

^^^1 

1             BS7,   UtiiM   lluii.  tii'iir^^  I(um>. 

■219 

024.   Otor](tt  Cnniiififr,   . 

^^^H 

1             B88,  Aifuiirnl  C'oriiwullii. 

■J2l 

03d,   Sir  Tlioinn*  Mrmtu,   . 

^^^H 

1            899.   Sir  H^itiir  P'gf;«  i'<i|>liani, 

■Ui 

(W,   Sir  Wlllinm  llostp, 

^^^H 

CONTENTS. 

PniT"! 


VI 


COMTKIITS. 


927.  Colonel  Dixon  Dcaham,    .  877 

928.  Sir  Edward  West,  .  380 
939.  Robert,  Earl  of  Liveipool,  331 

930.  ChsrlM,  Lord  Colchetter,  .  383 

931.  Sir  DB*i(l  Baird,  384 
933.  Sir  Cturiea  Briabane,  .  .  3S6 
933.  Sir  Henrr  CliDlon,  .  .  393 
93*.  Oeerge  Tiemer,  .  .39* 
U3S.  JohD,  Lord  Redetdale,  397 

936.  WiUiam  HuikinMi,  .  399 

937.  Sir  WUIism  Onut,  .  403 
93a  Sir  James  Htckicitodi,  .  .  «H 

II. — ECCLESIASTICAL  SERIES. 

939.    Hugb  Blair,  .  .117 

SUl.  Jamri  Macknlxbt,     .  «S3 


941.   Alexander  G«dde*, 
M2.  Joha  EnkiDe,     . 
913.  ArchUshop  Moon, 

944.  Dean  Klnron.     . 

945.  William  Paler,      ■ 

946.  Biihop  Honlej, 

947.  Archbishop  Morkham 
946.  Bishop  DtHigloB, 
499.  Bishop  Hurd, 

950.  John  Whitaker, 

951.  Bishop  Porteous, 
951  Bishop  Percj,  . 
963.  Bishop  Cleaver, 

954.  William  Vincent, 

955.  Jeremiah  Joyce, 

956.  Thomaa  Cof^,  . 

957.  Vicenimus  Knox, 


4M 

439 
439 
43S 

439 
443 
447 
i» 
494 
455 
457 
4«3 
403 
474 

4ea 

408 
.  4Sfl 


CONTENTS. 


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,  1 

LIVES  OF  EMINENT 

AKM 

ILLUSTRIOUS  ENGLISHMEN. 


BOIIN    A.  n.    1749- — DIED   H.D.    IBOG. 


Charles  Jambs  Fox,  third  son  or  tho  Right  Honournble  Ilciiry 
Fiix,  trealoil  Baron  Holland  of  Foxley  in  1763,  and  ol'  Lady  Gcorgina 
Caroline  Fox,  daiighier  of  Clmrles,  second  duke  of  Rielimond,  wns 
born  in  1749. 

From  hia  birth  lie  was  llie  darling  of  his  father,  and  experienced 
an  amount  at  indulgence  which  most  parents  would  pronounce  in 
the  highest  degree  culpable.  His  education  was,  however,  conducted 
with  the  greatest  care,  and  chieKy  at  Eton,  where  he  highly  dia- 
tinguished  lilms^lF.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  hia  father  permitted  him  to 
accompany  him  to  Spa,  at  that  time  a  place  of  highly  fashionable  resort. 
This  visit,  and  the  imprudent  indulgence  of  his  father  in  allowing  him, 
at  this  tender  age,  to  mingle  in  all  the  gaieties  and  dissipation  of  the 
plaec,  laid  a  permanent  foundatioD  for  thai  love  of  gaming,  and  other 
habits,  which  obscured  and  embittered  so  much  of  a  life  which  might 
have  been  aprnt  in  infinitely  higher  puri^uits.  The  vivacities  of  the 
young  Etonian  were  the  theme  of  conversation  long  after  he  had 
left  that  seminary,  and  were  indeed  spoken  of  with  more  candour  thsn 
u  generally  bestowed  upoD  school-boy  levilies  by  sometimes  iuffering 
neigh bourlioods,  because,  however  eccentric,  he  never  appears  to  have 
had  the  smallest  particle  of  malice  in  his  composition ;  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, when  he  bad  '  gone  too  far,'  was  always  ready  to  own,  and,  if  pos- 
sible, to  repair  his  error,  with  a  veracity  and  generosity  which  >t  once 
denoted  principle  and  good  nature. 

From  Eton,  young  Fox  went  to  Hertford  college,  Oxford,  where  abo 
he  distinguished  himself  at  once  by  his  talents  and  dissipation ;  and 
seemed  as  if  bom  to  show  the  instability  of  atHuence,  and  the  mis- 
chievous consequences  of  the  most  briliiant  talents,  wh«n  unguided  by 
prudence  and  sobriety.  An  allowance  almost  unlimited  was  not  eqiud 
to  the  claims  that  arose  upon  it  from  his  early  taste  for  every  species  of 
extravagance  and  dissipation.  At  n  period  when  quires  of  bills  from 
Stephen  and  Charles  Fox  were  pretenied  to  their  fiither,  a  punster  in 
one  of  the  newspapere,  (Lloyd's  Evening  Post,)  stated  that  the  Right 
Honourable  Henry  Fox  wus  about  to  sue  the  county  of  Middlesex,  and 
that  there  wunodnnbt  of  hissHOoeis,  because  he  could  easily  prove  that 

VI  r,  A 


roLlTICAL  SBJIIIA. 


[Nym 


li*  hail  bc«ii  robbrd  b«ti»iil  «uii  and  »un  t  WJUi «  genini  ublc  to  coinpua 
what  lo  Duany  bouM  hare  been  tlic  tludy  of  a  montli.  i»  >  li!«  iuian,  auil 
a  ii)>iril  and  conititulioo  tliat  dUlaiiccd  all  bi*  cotupankxi*,  be  spoil  hia 
eotl«ge  li/e  in  one  liwciBBUng  round  bctwist  the  calm  «f  learoing  and 
Um  Morou  of  lic«ntii>u«  mdvlgencr.  It  ia  n*jr  to  concrivc  tliat,  wben 
emoncipaU^d  from  college,  hi*  habio  *biI  propenwtio  einuidcd  with 
the  «pan*ion  of  hi*  tpkera  of  edioB  utd  graiiieMioB.  Though  iJie 
umc  Bfilcol  dcsiri?  of  tricntifii;  BcrniUiiion  operalcd,  aad  HHRy  an  in- 
•tance  in  hit  public  Ulc  tlionrd  bow  rnuly  lie  uu  to  BTatl  bimelf  of 
cTpry  opportuoitj  to  Hlorc  hi*  mJDil  villi  rli^aot,  ■»■)»[<-.  and  Ufeful 
knovMgc  (if  every  (Ii<>«riptuHi,  »lill.  ]wrliap>,  it  i*  to  Iw  loitM-'iitcd  tliat 
thr  pklrrntr  brillinncj  of  hi*  liiculti<:»,  and  thr  energy  of  hU  gcniui^ 
rnnl>trd  hini  to  diicriininatL-  rbaractcri..  to  dcvctopc  cir«:uaul4t)cca,  iwi 
In  npprfcialc  thingn  olmo^  initatitanooutljr  sod  intoilivrlr.  as  ibia  mrn- 
tal  liicilitf  only  aAonkil  him  more  tiBi#  tor  dimpotion.  We  hare  morr 
plcamre  in  uuM-i-ving  that  while  nt  collrgv  young  Tux  nsi  exln-iut'ly 
parlia]  to  Itii!  (irvrk  writer*,  of  trbom  Looginua  and  Homer  were  hi* 
latouritc*.  Hi*  rnmlliar  a(M{uaiDta]ioe  nith  the  work*  of  tbc  latter  i* 
diaplaycd  iu  tbc  fulluiring  ai>ficdate:  "  A  dcTgymao.  emtUfUt  fcr  hi* 
knowledge  of  GrnTk,  na«  rmlt-avourii^  lo  pfove  that  a  verse  in  the 
Ilind  wa*  «purious  bccauM!  it  contained  mcsforca  oat  asi-d  by  lloaicr. 
Fox  iiMtanily  reciinl  twriity  otbrr  vrnvs  of  thr  >aiiie  laratvn,  (o  *bo« 
that  tba  deviation  from  the  usual  foct  «-a*  no  eviilencp  of  inltrpolation. 
Ho  na*,  inilcrd,  cap«blr  of  Gonv«niiij{  with  a  Longinu*  on  the  brauiy. 
■ubUinityt  and  patbo*  of  Hooieri  vitb  an  Arihtntk  oo  hi»  ilelincuiMia 
of  nan;  and  nilb  a  pedagogue  on  his  dociyU,  MpoodeMr  and  aoa- 
p—li."— Aftgr  a  abort  mideocn  at  Oslwid,  Ik  madf  a  lour  on  llie 
OOHlnctil,  duriDjt  wbtcb  be  ia  mM  to  liavc  conlntcted  ratt  debt*  in 
riery  opital  wbicb  be  tiiiml:  al  Nulta  aloMr  bi«  liabtliliM  UDountrd 
to  £10,000.  Alamied  at  hi*  boundJiM  prodigality.  Lord  Hoilaml  at 
levgtli  Mimmunt'd  bini  Imuih'.  niid  be  rttumcd  ona  of  tba  molt  cgrvgiou* 
iHnoomb*  in  Kuropi-.  "It  will  be  »camly  auppaMd)"  Mjaa  wriur 
in  the  -MoDtbty  Ma^a^'nc'  for  October,  16O0,  "by  iImma  who  bare 
•rrn  Mr  Fox,  or  txamiiuil  bi*  dr«w  al  any  linK  during  tbc  Iml  tui'nty 
yrafv,  lliat  he  bad  Imwd  once  ccMrtled  ••  a  &mM  fiarean  /  but  the  bi-t 
la,  tliat  at  llii*  period  he  WM  one  of  the  moU  b*li>onablc  youiig  ■■)(-(■ 
alioal  tovn,  and  there  are  niullltudn  now  living  who  •till  i««ollMt  hta 
tkapram  tnu,  hi*  rcd-beeled  iboa,  aixl  bia  Moo  hair-iKiadrr." 

At  ibo  general  eloctiou  in  17(16,  C'harira  1-vi,  natwilh*t«iidin|[  hla 
nOMge,  MM  rHumeil  Tor  Midhurat  bi  lli«  connty  of  S4ibm;u  He  eu- 
IrmI  patliaiiH-nt  ■  decided  niinialerioliat.  and  aooa  became  ooc  of  the 
OMM  atmneiM  ilcfcadMi  of  an  Dnpopvloi-  adinint*tralioii.  He  made 
Ma  nay«n^fM«ch  on  lb*  I6lh  April,  1709,  oti  ibc  prr*entnK-ni  uf 
Wllkea'a  pvtltion  bwm  tba  kiug'a  broch ;  and  b«  Mbw^uvnily  dBfembnl 
tba  k^tiy  of  gmersl  vanaula,  aad  hrndly  dc«1ai»««l  againat  tba  pn>- 
oniUaga  of  '  iba  FrinMfe  of  ibv  IVople.*  We  *liall  bera  iiitroduiic  a 
aketoh  gf  Iba  yonng  ntmhtr  from  Iha  '  rublie  Cbar*etora '  ongltttlly 
bMrrtrd  in  tb«  AdvrrliMrr  paper,  and  nftrrwnnJi  <wllt!Clii'ely  pwUitbed 
in  1777.  Ii  h**  ibe  adTanlage  of  laing  a  liMb  and  coainnporory 
akeirb,  bawcvtr  InpvrliMily  eaocutnl  tn  many  rr*|<ri-Ui  "  Hating  baiil 
-■rlodiy  to  impt*t  ibla  ya«uig  gmtlomui'*  pdriih-rrgi>ter,  wo  find 
bom  b  tii«  noBib  of  March.  1740 1  and,  rooHijucnlly,  lUal  lie 


I 


I*«aKiD.) 


CIIABLBS  JAMES  tOX. 


^^M         aaited  ia  his  own  peraon  ral«iit«  anil  nrcumslaiicM  unpurnlkled  in  llie 

^^^^^wnals  of  parliaownt,  or  the  iirange  vieisutnifM  of  *tatc-ii)lrigue :  for  he 

^^^^Hnra*  itfipointvd  ii  lonl  of  the  admiralty, — rtaigneil  in  diignst, — was  a 

^^^^^  accond  time  appointriJ, — «ns  adrmnrtls  minoTcti  In  Ihr  liviuiirj'  ixtsnJ, 

— n'huace  ha;  wiu  drtmiiitrd  unnir  few  wrrtu  b«Ibrr  he  cnmpIclcH  the 

■urnty-lifth  yrnr  of  hvfagei — namrly.  nii  llin  17ili  or  IRlh  of  l-Vbnuirj, 

177-1.      Two  *>lh<^  drcitBUtatio<x  Umnf^ly  mnik   his  pnlilipnl  Cftmr; 

bcfbro  he  was  twmly-lbur  ymre  M,  tip  vat   by  much  Uir  inn<l  aMe 

•upport  the  Biiniilir  hail  in  the  courio  of  n  whok  M-uion,  nnci  wiihin  a 

year  after,  one  of  his  mi»t  poirrrriil  and  djngnrous  luiUgonini*. 

"  The  political  hitlory  of  ihii:  cx(raor<Iinaiy  young  ornlor  furoMlies 
Ttry  few  ihingi  woTihy  of  notice.  His  conduct.  lu  long  ns  he  roinain«d 
in  ulBcc,  va»  that  of  lh«  roost  violent  and  luircM'rvpd  eonnirr.  He  not 
only  ilinchnrgrd  his  doty  as  a  mrrc  placeman,  cnll^i  tipon  by  hit  titoa- 
tNiD  to  d^-fend  the  measures  of  admin  istru ion,  to  cover  their  blunder*, 
to  ut^r  their  propriety,  (o  predict  the  Mlntary  coiwequeiMei  that  mutt 
flow  from  them,  and  the  vhote  science  of  augmenting  and  dintlniihing 
at  picature, — b»t  he  caught  the  deciaiTe  tone  of  a  liolmt  partisan,  in  a 
kind  <if  itate  of  wnr  and  opeti  hostility  againjtt  every  man  wlio  dared 
to  dilfer  from  litm.  or  quistion  tlic  tniniiterini  infallibility  uf  his  kaili-r 
■nd  Hnancial  crmtor.' 

"  His  parliamenlitry  operations,  iu  this  line,  were  chiefly  directed 
against  NIr  Durke,  and  a  few  other  leaders  iu  opposition.  This  part  of 
bis  task  lie  perftirmnl  wiili  remarkable  punctuality  and  alacrity,  and 
•ritli  no  small  degree  of  auoca*.  Some  detached  part  of  Mr  Burfcc'ii 
*(teecb|  Dol  perhaps  at  all  esseatial  to  lh«  main  subject  of  dcbolf,  was 
nisqaoled  or  misrrpri-srnlcd :  the  fallacy  or  abaurdity  of  ita  pretended 
eoMrnU  yik%  pointed  out  and  animadvenod  upon  ;  and  the  whole  thrown 
fato  a  ritliculou*  light;  a  laugh  was  crralcd  in  ovcty  miniiteriol  curncr 
OT  the  haoiie :  the  Irraaury  bench  wo*  net  in  a  roar,  nud  ('liarivs  awacked 
the  clerks  (able  vith  his  lian<l.  an<l  maalifed  his  featherMl  hnt  into  ten 
tluMwaud  dillenait  fermi.  Burhr'ii  fine  ipcMbes  were  (has  cut  upt 
Charles  wm  applauded ;  and  every  litol  uf  admioiatriiliuu.  frooi  his  lord- 
■bip  ilown  to  Itobimon,  Kden,  and  Hrtiuiinol  '  at  llic  door,'  or  in  the 
ItalUry,  loudly  proclnirocd  victory,  'lliw  olBce  is  now  occupied  by  liis 
particular  friind  and  n^iethy  aiaociale.'  Tbrrrc  were  two  otiicr  gentle- 
mi-a  on  whom  lie  bestowed  a  great  deal  of  nitrntion  iu  the  lauiu  way. 
They  nl  length  pereeivcti  their  folly,  and  the  jnitioe  of  his  ridicule  so 
much,  that  one'  of  tbrtn  dianged  places  with  him,  sad  the  other*  oc- 

Lcc|i(cd  uf  a  white  wand,  as  a  public  Irstimuny  of  hi*  convsrsion. 
"  In  ibe  aaiiit  of  victory,  doilied  with  succeas,  niid  running  at  tbc 
rate  of  fourteen  knots  as  hour,  with  every  soil  set,  and  in  the  warnu-st 
espi-etation  of  at  Uvst  procuring  at  a  short  day  the  chance llorabip  of 
the  rxdwqucr,  hi*  frirnd  and  patron  havioj;  fre<|Uetilly  assured  him,  in 
OMfidsnoc.  that  he  wished  to  divide  the  fume,  proflU,  sod  labour  of 
coadacling  public  adairs  with  biiu.— our  li^ro,  like  a  eertoia  well- 
kaown  ambitious  youtig  oun  uf  Ovidian  n»cmory,  was  thrown  from  tbo 
bei,  M  he  says,  by  the  baseness  and  irouJiefy  of  the  finrt  coorfaman. 


lis  MS  ^yslalei  s  semmlsdwiw  of  tbs  IwmmTi  UiroD|li  i^  iuMroM  of  L«<1 
^orili.  In  lbs  toom  of  Chults  Jsakiaiua. 
'  iit  TliDtlow,  ■lIuriKT^genanl.  *  Ms  Conwmtt. 

■  Hr  Williut  M-risdllh. 


p 


4  rauftcMu  >•>■■•• 

T*  4m  A  aNtllwr.  fc-m^-r  mrkw.  tb.  Ukwinf  trite  bmht 
•M  •iMl  pnrfwMl  ll»  m4  amamnfiUi  Tte  <|Mikar,  ■  ferw diys  to- 
IMW,  iMtMif  ^  lli>  yM—  m  ■  prtitkn  agtim  u  iMlmtet  bO.  • 
Mlw,  mM  to  ■•»«•  iMi*  vHUmi  I9  lb*  MWintHi  Pinea  Hant,  wf- 

I  ikfM  '<r  Kwt  il«j«  *IWr  In  a  nomlag-fKHM-r.     Th«  Utf  «w 
4..^  I.  ..tf  nxMM  laniM.  anil  Utra^Ml  U  ignomcci/  botk  Uw 

.»•«,  (i  III-  Iriilli  of  IIm  uuwctlou,  ami  uuImiI  of  fnvjr 
ni|«  1.1  A  piini|>lakiil  WW  MKnonllnglj  «n«l«  Ii;  b  mcnbcr.  of 

fU  II  '     ItlirtltM  tlial  hatl  Uv"  tafcm  with  8ir  Flctditr  Nor- 

tnu.  ••!  It (.nili'ii  »(  llm  t>lMrii»,  luifl  tito   KCxwity  Uirre  ww  for 

Inl'ifilHil  iIm  N'lllmt  »«  iiiilhi.««  111  iti«  iiHwl  I'lirinpUry  (wnnliiiM-Bi.  Tbe 
)..  H  .tMl*t«*l  «•  nlli'iiili  WiMMMpltKl  with  Uie  order, and  gave  op 

I.  til..  \.Mfm.      Willi  lil|i)MMd  OM  Uiol  oecMiiMi  u  rcecn*  in 

.  ,  II  I*  )»iw  MMlli  Is  v/tmmt  that  Ui«  diaqp  not 
I,  i.>  Ml  Mutn*,  m  dliHlwiitra  oftbe  Immmc  fdl  oa 

II  Alt  !'•"     .*titiil<  nlanilti>|t  iba  pnrloiM  iBitnictwni 

,.  <   idiit   tiit-i  >l iliiiiifri  or  tlio  wliiiWwr  forgttting 

i>  .  ii.tavi  (III  II'      til     ii>rm*r  ln*l*h-il  llial  ilic  printM- 

I  III  NkBiitiii'  .  »  I'l     iba  Ulli'r  niuriil  that  lieUiOuld 

I  01  ih*  (Ulnhi'iin.       Al    l>tif|lli   the   ijumiIob  oB  CotonrI 

I I  .  ...t  iio-lliili  !>•  Iii^-  j'-l.  Ilir  ■  r'»iiiiiklllii|c  lh(t  jitiiitor  to  iha 
i  .   I              III  I  liV  ■  firrM  Itii^ority. 

J  I  I   I  I h  .  1U11I  lii>  biihAil  eow^T*"'*'' 

II  ii  iiuu'.  a  III)  ■whamit  HtifiaMWM*.     Cbartos  aad  ku  pairm 
...h.^ulI  i:i.  <<i>Ii  iKlirri  I'liariM  add  ha  wouU  ban  CBrrimt  hh 

•  ii  iku  niliilMvr  bad  nut  ilcttrtiil  and  bttraTi-d  bhni 

11,.    uiu> I..  i.LniMly  ifuUlwl  thai  li«  mu*l  haro  prrviilcd,  if  llii 

■ilbar  bail  iitil  illumrliil  anil  ilirMiril  lb*  MbimU  of  ailniDintratioo.  ih 
llut  a4  il  may.  it  wiu  Mcwvarj  lliU  (Iw  blame  «buulil  W  laid  tomv' 
wban,  III  iwunr  lu  nU||BU  tliB  itlapltwrc  or  lb«  junto;  it  ubi  nil 
tkanifan  hM  on  our  bwra'a  ahonMMs,  in  lb*  Mlowlnx  ouaciM  bat  con- 
pnili4tMlt«  dmoMv  Th*  dtxi  dnjr  bat  oor,  CbBrka  asd  hi*  bi>U« 
|ainui  •«!«  altthig  on  tb*  tnmarj  bmcA  1  after  cbaltiog  of  indtlfttrpril 
BiMtM*,  ^tkralBrljr  of  liir  IwialMi  of  tbe  dajr  coaiii^  on,  km)  wbat 
pMMd  Uw  mciiliiiK  (lay  M  tbv  trMHuy  board,  ■kidi  inlsrmal  &»> 
l«aM  lb*  Migbt  ihi-  iliflcnoK  of  a^aioa  arow  anil  the  tianiMlion  btn 
fvlaird,  Prarwo,'  or  hk  MlMJIatCi  ibraw  b  aifii,  «bicb  Cbarira  uiKkr- 
•tatiilinf;,  wriil  l«  llie  iSoon  wban  bt  reacirtd  ■  Mll>^  onKbrd  in  Uw 
fuUotrlag  toooolc  tcraa:  '  Hia  nu^cMy  baa  tbaa|tbt  pni|>rr  to  onlcr  a 
nrw  flofMabalaa  of  iha  traaauij  u  b*  nade  oat,  ^  «1h«Ii  I  do  aot  par- 
aahfi  yoof  nam*. 

•NOBTW.' 


In!  I 


"  Prom  Um  vtn  boor  to  tb«  pfoMBt  b*  baa  bora  m  lioUnl  In  ojipo- 
•Moa  m  lir  «ii«  Mb**  ttr  iba  cvan.    I.adUlf  binr«t«r  Ibr  him,  la 


pafau  of  0OWIMMM7,  •hifinit  tba  tiwy  »mm  b«  aeteri  in,  and  tbo  vofy 
CoaaflMHMH  part  lia  took,  tba  aSaira  of  Attirrin  aMer  caaia  aador  far- 
I  dHOuMifMi,  la  abont  a  farlni|t)it  or  tbnc  w«eba  aftur  b« 
patriot,  Coloaal  JrttBing*.  a*  baa  Ihvd  brfare  obOTircd.  as 
tba  adaMar  to  tab*  thv  alate  of  ihM  cwalty  Into 


•  Tba  iam-krrfm  oT  lb*  bmB*  «r  c«na 


frawB.]  CHAKLtS  JAMKS  VOX.  9 

contiilrralioii  1  the  fmt  ilcci(li.-d  part  Cbarlca  look  tberefbre  in  ilwt 
biuinrH  WW  aj^oiott  aduiiublraliou.  Tlie  ground  li«  liaa  Uken  m  prrity 
nmrly  tliu  tame  aa  Loid  Camden's  id  ibe  otbcr  boiue  i  wilh  thti  wl- 
ditiuu&l  cifcuiiulaiuwi  lltat  beside*  arraigDing  the  injuatioe,  crueltjr,  jm- 
puliey,  anil  impracticabilitf  of  Hicoeediog  in  an  nltrtnpt  to  ■uIkIiip 
AiiKrica,  or  compel  Jla  hihabiUnU  to  caiHcnt  to  Ui«  Icnn*  of  uncon- 
ditional «ubmiMioD,  he  ha«  ftoai  time  to  lime  alternaUl;  foratold  aail 
detiMHiiiniied  tlte  ivx&euej,  SoUj,  nd  madmm  vt  Ui«  ■evrral  mcMum 
aa  tbvy  »tn>  propoaed  in  pt^meBlt  aod  the  igMnaoe,  ictnTii}-,  and 
danj^eroua  dcaign*  oflbeir  authon,  aupporten,  and  defiandrr*.  lloidn 
thb  general  duapprobatioo  of  the  conduct  or  lliote  to  wliotn  Um;  dtrcc- 
lion  of  public  oAire  baa  been  iiriniated,  be  Iim  very  firqucnliy  rinr- 
ciaed  hi*  wit  and  hia  apleen  on  the  miniater;  loineliinc*  charging  him 
«kll  indoleoM  ftod  inability  :  at  others  irith  iDeapal^ity,  dupiicilf,  nti<l 
tba  ntoat  in-finiaded  alfrctatiou  <:>r  candour  and  iodepeiid«ncy ;  again 
with  being  ibe  real  aHlhor  of  ibe  pr«*«nt  ciiil  war  in  America,  by  re- 
fvaing  to  rep(*t  the  wboh  or  tlio  Port-dulies ;  or.  laatly,  mippofii^ 
(which  via  what  be  aud  kia  lonl»bip«ometitiioiafl'i-na(olMiaiiaie,aDd 
wiilifa  hia  fHcoih  to  iamuala  lor  bUn)  that  lie  dlaafiprores  of  the 
McaaToi  Ik  lupporta  hinudr  in  pariiament,  hii  coifduct  i*  «till  the  more 
rcpielimtiblr,  bccaujtc  in  ouc  event  he  can  \>e  mpjioiod  to  act  wrong 
thrwigh  pD-^judioe  or  incapacity  only,  wlimna  in  the  other  hu  mutt  bu 
guilty  Irani  a  pntmcditatml  pcrveniou  of  hiii  undvntaiiding. 

"  Mr  Fox  is  ocrlatuly  one  of  the  firwt  u«tive  uratora  in  the  bouse,  but 
be  la  eatrcmely  ncgligCDt.  Hia  diacoiinc«  are  fre<]uuDtIy  llnialird 
pivoes  of  arguinculfttiuDi  aboartdiug  in  ihi:  bent  pointed  obMirvutiona, 
■sd  the  juBleet  coaoluaiMia ;  and  *npportod  by  a  weight  of  rensoniiig,  a 
■Buljr  boUatea  and  aowcy  of  txptvaaiun,  abnoat  unoqunlled,  aud  ucver, 
within  the  oonn*  of  our  hnowladge  or  eiiperieBCv,  aurpuaed.  f  lia  «• 
Unporafy  *poeeh«*  on  (acta,  ugutneiria,  and  details,  not  immediately 
ariNflg  nor  connncted  witli  the  proper  anhjcct  of  d«bnlo,  nl  leaat  not 
foTMMn,  ore  Ifuly  admii«ble>  Tbey  bear  every  Bppcnranc«  of  the 
most  «iudi«d  and  laboured  tianuigwa.  in  wmy  thing  but  the  ddiveiy, 
wliidi.  bowffVfo-  rajjid,  is  not  t!bi»  to  hup  paw  wilh  the  crowded  coii- 
wplkwa  or  Uin  apaajinr.  Hia  ideaa  ar*  iaaxhaaatibk>,  and  ore  ever 
ready  at  hi*  fiomoBandi  bm  even  if  thi*  vera  all,  we  could  account  (or 
it  (W4ly;  but  nc  niuM  listen  in  ttlanl  aatontshment,  when  we  obanra 
bini  rite  upon  *omc  Middtii  unexpected  incident,  end  discuis  perii^ia  a 
dccfi  inlricnt*  nittjcct  for  an  hour,  with  nii  ability,  peraplculty,  and 
procbion,  that  would  induce  such  at  aro  unacijuainted  with  hit  habilai 
or  are  ignorant  of  bt*  talents,  to  be  pcrtuiidcd  that  be  oanw  to  tbu 
bouw  prcvioDtly  prepared  and  informed,  in  order  to  deliver  his  opinion. 
Willi  ibtsc  almoM  unritalkd  gitU  which  nature  hat  betiowed,  Mr  Pott 
ia  for  from  being  a  pteaaiiig  or  pervuaaive  orator.  Hi*  HUcruiioe  ia 
rapid,  dif^iwablr-i  aud  tocnetiiues  tcarc«-ly  iolalligiblc.  lie  spealia  al< 
w^a  aa  if  he  waa  in  a  pawon,  and  llw  afgumentt  o?  paauoiwte  ]>eople  do 
not  COOM  woU -PpcomBWiidwL  He  aomalnaca  dcaound*  to  poraonal  at 
iacktk  to  BneedoW  and  pociilitiM.  mudi  beneath  the  digni^  of  a  Brit- 
U  aeuatofh  particularly  a  man  of  his  cousumutalL*  talmis.  Another 
cImiinMancc  which  laki-a  away  from  tlto  weight  and  confe<iuciioe  o( 
what  hi  urges  in  debate,  is,  ibnl  hi*  pntriotitm  it  prctumid  to  lure  ori- 
ginated in  jiiquv,  and  lo  havr  inhcn  n  taint  of  personal  rancour  and 


POLITlCAt  SESIEA 


INlltM 


|ic-rM)nal  prntcculJon  towsnU  the  noble  lord  at  tin?  Iii^ad  uf  ilir  irwiciiry, 
«u  account  of  wliKt  bo  deemed  a  iiiinlure  of  ireaolu^ry  and  tacan  le- 
"vngt,  in  procurtiig  hi*  dismitKion  from  the  treasury  board.  On  the 
whole,  witli  nil  Mr  Fox'*  tuperinr  odvantagee,  we  do  not  estM'ni  him  as 
rrndrring  hii  parly  any  very  cssrntiai  service,  though  wy  must  aU«w 
he  woahl  1)P  n  vnliiablo  acq iiit>i lion  to  lit*  old  friends,  who  noiilil  pnt- 
babljr  receive  him  like  the  prodigal  son,  were  il  not  fur  lliv  powi-rful 
obtlsdc  which  standi  in  the  way,  the  irreooncilcable  penonal  dUrL-rvncc 
which  m>b*i»bi  between  him  and  the  minister." 

I'revioufi  to  his  breach  nith  Lord  North,  youn;!  Fox  bnd  fatDii-il  nn 
intimate  actjuaintance  with  Burkv,  who  now  becaiUL-  his  polilirni  Mrii- 
tor.  But  while,  tu  use  tiie  language  of  anotbur  coutcDi)>ar;iry,  the. 
tatter  "  argued  af,-atiiisl  the  Ainericau  waTt  cUefly  OU  ihi!  groimil  of  it* 
jKtlicy,  Fox,  youuj-.  bulil.  aud  iiupetuuiis,  uttarkcd  it  on  account  of  ilo 
iiijuxUce.  Liberated  at  Icnglb  from  the  seduclioiis  of  wIik:  and  ploy, 
he  riMi:  with  a  K'lnt'*  i^'Kht,  and  being  armed  with  the  better  cauie, 
hht  advenariea,  iLlthou);b  arrayed  in  all  the  power  and  inttucnce  of  the 
statC)  appeared  but  a*  |>iginics  befbr*:  him.  The  friend  and  awociate  of 
Camden,  of  Cluthnm,  of  Shelbume,  and  of  Portland — who  supported 
the  «nine  cnu«e  in  the  house  of  pcer» — ho  wn*  already  considered  as  the 
second  man  of  the  whig  party,  and  in  reality  was  Ibe  first,  for  be  wbo 
excelled  others  was  nlono  entitled  to  direct  them." 

In  the  summer  of  1778  overtures  were  made  him  to  Join  the  minia- 
try,  which  he  promptly  rejected.  He  was  now  the  Ieadiu(--(!ummuner 
in  Ibo  Itnckingham  pady.  and  shared  with  it  the  triumph  when  the 
celubrated  re*oliition  against  the  further  prosecution  of  the  Ameriean 
war  was  carried  in  the  coinnioiia.  When  that  honest  and  upri^-ht 
nublemau  wad  iiomiuatcd  6r>t  lord  of  the  trea'^ury,  in  nS'i,  Mr  Fux 
obtained  tlte  office  of  »eere(ary  for  furei|;ri  afliiirs.  I'he  auddeii  death 
of  the  nil bleman  just  mentioned,  at  onee  alHitled  the  nation  and  ditided 
the  fricndu  iif  Uberty,  while  the  ex-ininiiler  and  hi»  adherents  knin  bow 
to  <lerivc  advantage  from  ihi-  storm,  iiiid  benetit  from  the  disitiay  thui 
unhappily  ensued.  A  diijnite — as  had  b<-en  lbre«'en- — iiumediutrly 
look  place  about  who  should  succeed  as  tirst  lord  of  the  treasury.  The 
candidntrs  werr,  Lurd  Shelhunie,  afterwards  mnnjucES  of  Lanodonne, 
and  the  duke  of  Portland  ;  the  favour  of  tlie  king  made  the  intcn-st  of 
the  former  jtri^ponderule,  and  n  (.chism  having  ensued,  Mr  Fox  retired 
in  di<^ii»t.  A>  the  earl  of  Chatham  was  aceuatnmcd  ta  observe  that 
he  would  never  be  responsible  for  actions  whidi  he  did  not  direct,  so 
the  secretary  of  Male,  when  be  withdrew,  remarked,  that  he  bail  deier- 
minod  never  to  connive  at  plans  in  private,  which  he  could  not  pub> 
licly  avow.  "  What  thote  plana  may  have  bem,"  saya  the  writer  of  ■ 
Bimoir  of  Fox  in  the  '  Monthly  Magazine,'  "we  are  led  to  guess.  Wn 
have  reaaon  to  lieUeve,  that  the  only  ostennible  dinpule  in  ibe  cabinet 
was  relative  to  the  itidepcndence  of  America,  which  Mr  Fox  wished  to 
grant  aa  a  boon,  while  Lord  Sliclbiirne  ile<irrd  to  confer  it  in  ilie  man- 
ner of  a  bargain  ;  the  secret,  and  perhaps  leading  enme,  on  the  piesvut 
occasion,  originated  in  friendship  to  (he  duke  uf  Portland,  then  a  very 
popular  noblcntan,  whoie  exclusion  )ind  produced  the  most  fatal  jeai- 
uusin  among  the  best  friend*  of  liberty. 

"Mr  Fox  now  rmumed  bis  old  scat,  faoifif;  tbe  treasury  bench, 
white  hit  foriDi-r  collcigtir,  the  eari  of  Sbelbumei  waa  biuled  in  con- 


PVUDD-I  CIIARLEM  JAMEl  FOX.  7 

eluding  a  peace  with  France.  Spuiii,  Hollaiii],  aiid  ttie  Uaitetl  Suta  oT 
Atncriea.  Tliia  iiobleoiaii,  althougli  powctaed  of  gr«at  tolcriu,  Ibrf^ut 
to  adopt  lli«  nioHl  obvioiu  meaiia  fat  iauu'ing  \iia  own  safel^^'.  lu  tbn 
firet  place,  he  did  not  call  a  new  parliameni,  and  la  tlie  ueii,  lii-  omitted 
to  Mcure  (be  inimmiBe  advaiilageti  fMuliitig  frcHu  (be  prew,  which  ia  a 
&tc  oouiilry  will  always  iiilluence,  if  uot  govcro,  ihe  nation.  But  vrva 
a»  it  wa»,  it  would  have  Iriumpbed,  bui  for  a  mo«l  odious  a«  well  ok 
impolitic  coaJilioiii  luppoeed  to  be  bottomed  on  ambition  alone,  aiul 
deMitnte  of  any  oommoo  prineiple  of  uaion."  Sucfi  it  the  langiia{,>«  iu 
irhieh  llii»  celebrated  coalition  haa  been  oAm  spoken  of;*  audi  In  Irulb, 
it  iloes  Kcciii  to  Us  to  have  been  a  nty  tjuenioiiable  mea*ure  on  (he 
pnrt  of  Fox.  But  let  us  hear  the  candid  and  judicious  remarka  of 
SlM^ridan'i  eloquent  biographer  on  lliis  subject,  and  on  the  general  pnii- 
cipic  of  political  coalilioiH :  "  To  (be  general  principle  of  coaliliotis," 
M}'«  Mr  Moore,  "and  the  expediency  and  eien  duty  of  tbrmiog  them, 
in  conjunct  tires  lliat  require  and  Justify  such  a  f«crifice  of  the  dislinc* 
lion*  of  p«rt)',  no  objeciioo,  it  ajipean  to  me,  can  rationally  be  made 
by  tho»«  who  ar«  *aliiihed  uith  Ihe  manner  iu  which  the  conslituliou 
1ms  worked,  lincp  the  new  modilicalion  of  its  machinery  introduced  at 
the  Revolution.  Tlx!  Itcvolutioo  itiirif  wa>,  indeed,  brought  about  by 
a  coalilMHi,  in  which  toricst  mrreadering  their  ilueirinni  of  submiuiirn, 
■rrmyed  thetiuelvci  by  lh«  ude  of  whigs,  in  defeucc  uf  their  common 
libertiea.  Another  coalition,  Ies«  important  in  its  object  and  cAis-t*, 
but  still  aitirnded  with  mulu  moK  glorivua  to  tht?  couiitr}-,  wai  tliat 
which  took  pluct-  io  Ihe  year  17A7,  when,  by  a  union  of  partic*  from 
«bo«e  dlMemion  much  mischief  had  flowed,  (be  interes(s  vf  both  king 
and  pvopip  vera  rccoocilitl,  am)  the  good  gcoiut  of  Knglnnd  iriiimphcd 
at  homo  uid  abroad.  On  occuiom  lik*  IbNc,  when  the  public  liberty 
or  aafely  it  in  peril,  it  i»  (he  duty  of  oittv  hoor«t  stntcuman  lo  sny,  with 
Ibo  Roman,  *Noa  mo  impcdient  prirniic  olfrntinnri-  ijuo  minus  pro 
rvpoblic-IP  Nilutc  etiain  coni  inimiciHinio  conM'ntiam.'  Such  caMMi 
liowcvrr,  but  rarely  occur ;  ntid  th^y  hnvp  been  in  ihi»  rwpcct.  among 
Othcn,  distingoishcil  from  the  nrdlnnry  occJuioni,  on  which  ihc  ambition 
or  nHiitihncM  of  polilicinrij  n-iorl*  to  luch  uniuna,  that  the  I'oicc  of  the 
people  hna  called  aloud  lor  ihem  in  the  name  of  the  public  wcaI  ;  and 
Ihal  the  cause  rouod  which  they  have  rallied  ha*  bi'cn  lulTieienlly  gen- 
eral, to  merge  all  imrty  titln>  in  the  one  uii(li»liRgni*hing  name  of  Biig- 
Ibhmai).  By  neither  of  lhp<c  tccta  can  the  junction  briwviin  Lord 
North  and  Mr  Fox  be  JuFtifiril.  I'he  people  at  large,  so  far  from  cull- 
ing for  Ihii  ill-onteoed  alliance,  vouhl,  on  the  contrary — (o  use  the  laii- 
gu^c  of  Mr  Pitt — haw  '  forbid  the  bann*;'  and  though  it  is  unfair  to 
snppoM  (bat  (he  inlcreria  of  the  public  did  not  enter  into  the  calcula- 
tion* of  (h«  united  leaden,  yet,  if  the  real  walchwonl  of  iheir  union 
were  to  he  demaiidcd  of  them  in  '  the  Palaoc  of  Truth,'  IIktc  can  Iw 
tittle  doulx  that  iIih  aiMirer  of  each  wnnld  be,  divtinrlly  mid  uiihetitaN 
tiigly,  '  Ambition.'  It  hax  been  truly  Mid  of  coiitiii<iiis  conttdervil  nb- 
Unetadly,  lliat  socli  a  union  of  panic*,  whin  the  |Niblic  good  rf<)uiri>s 

*  '  "  nit  tUimee,"  wilt  B  tfAaimftttwry  "  h««><k1  u  naeh  boiand  Iht  anul  ft'^a'T 
•m  «f  pollUituB,— (to  pcnony  ilolmK.*  aT  ihirlr  rormar  biMililj  mmmiI  m  i«|ni^ 
MM  Id  antj  Mm  oT  JuoMloD,— llul  Ibe  natural  InUKiHj  of  Ilia  (irapla  felt  th*  eMU- 
uuo  m  otw  af  Uhm*  inltUc  iluUUoot  uf  canttnauej. — ooa  of  Ibote  fiidili*  JvnUtdMa 
tl  fritlfla.— whlcb  dntioj  lU  ftilmr  etaAdnK*.  nut  foiMl  ill  IWuro  < 


V  POLITICAt  iinttS.  [Nurra 

it,  i*  to  b«  juitifled  do  the  moe  xroand*  on  «likb  puty  iUclf  i*  viadi- 
cated.  Bot  Uie  more  wv  fcel  in«Uued  to  ackouwlodge  the  utUitf  of 
|iuty.  tim  taorr  «rt  fiiiiM  liread  and  di-firecmtc  aajr  uniwKwnry  eocn* 
pronisr,  liy  nhicli  a  lUBpidou  or  unaouiKliicM  may  be  twvoglil  aimn 
Uic  ageaey  of  »o  umIxiI  a  priacipk— tiie  inor*  we  iLould  diMOim|[«i  ai 
■  sutler  of  policy,  wiy  fitdllty  in  unciideriiiK  tlraae  bodgn  of  opiiRioot 
«o  which  tbe  eyes  oJ'  fellow  rn  are  fondly  fixed,  and  1^  wkieb  tbeir 
OCmBdenee  imd  spirit  are  ahJe^  iMpt  allvb  '  Court  and  cotiDti;.*  laya 
Home,  ■  which  ore  the  genuM  oAfniog  of  Ibi-  British  govcrnmeitt,  are 
a  kind  of  iDJicn)  ]iiarti«ii,  and  art  uflaeiiMd  both  by  prinuplr  and  by 
iMrmi.  llie  bcitda  ol  the  botiotw  ara  oomiMoly  DMwt  gOTtrnicd  by 
the  Iniicr  moiirr;  lh«  iafcnor  iDcnilMin  of  llicm  by  lb*  (bnner.'  WhcUwr 
IhU  Ik-  nltogcihicr  trac  or  not.  it  will,  at  Icokt.  wilbont  tBDCb  difficulty 
he  conopilnil.  thnt  liu'  lovrr  wv  il«sc<~iul  in  the  aUnofgihrii'  of  party,  ibe 
niarr  quick  aiwl  inflaintusblc  we  find  th<^  feelinjc  that  circulate*  through 
iL  Accordnwly,  acttoot  aad  profeMioos,  which,  in  that  region  of  in> 
dUbrmee,  hi^  bfe,  nay  be  for^^llcti  a*  booh  as  dunv  iir  nitcrvd,  be- 
ceou  reootded  at  picdgea  and  auiodaidi  of  eooduct,  aiaong  the  lower 
and  more  e«neat  adherent*  of  llu  oaaac;  and  many  a  qiwMion,  that 
baa  ceased  to  fmviili  ev«n  a  Jeat  In  tbe  drawlng'toonn  at  tbo  (realt 
nay  ba  atill  ^ttated.  a*  of  riul  imporlancet  aiDon£  the  bumUer  and 
Imb  iiklsted  diipabuil*  of  the  party.  Such  beifl(  tbe  teracioua  nature 
of  partMMhipt  Htd  inch  the  watch  kept  opon  erery  moTement  of  tho 
hi^MV  polkiaal  bodiea.  ««  cao  wdl  iin«gtM  what  a  portent  it  niuai  ap- 
pear to  dittattt  and  iu>|vqNir«l  ob«cmr«,  when  tbe  ttun  to  which  tbty 
tnntnl  for  guitlancc  are  ireu  to  'aboot  madly  from  Ibdr  uplicrc*,'  and 
not  oitly  Ion  Ibenaelna  for  the  tima  in  another  mton.  but  uiiacUJe  aU 
wJouUlioiii  wUi  ripeO  to  tbcir  iiioTiiBi«o4a  far  tbe  Aurv.  If,  iadcMl, 
b  thai  barter  of  opiohNW  and  iaietaatik  vhieh  maat  neccwarily  talia 
plaoa  in  oeaHlioiM  batmen  tba  partiw  «f  tb«  people  aad  of  tbe  throae^ 
tbtr  fotmcr  bad  any  thing  like  an  eqoality  of  rbaneik  tlifl  ner«  proba- 
bility of  iba*  galauig  my  conoeenopa  in  favour  of  freedon  might  jn»- 
tiiy  to  aaagatwi  nusdt  tbe  ooeanonol  ciifc  of  tbe  eomprambe.  But  ii 
b  endeat  that  Ibo  rwuU  of  web  bargtioa  nuci  gsnnally  bo  to  the 
advaatige  of  the  crown, — llie  alluvion*  of  powrr  all  naturally  lend 
Unraida  thai  aborc.  Betide*,  wh«rc  tbtm  arc  |iUci*  at  well  a*  prin> 
efplea  lo  be  auntaderod  on  one  akki  tbcrc  muit  iu  rvlura  be  w  much 
More  of  nrinelpiai  f  Irea  upoo  tbe  odura*  will  ciMuitiliilc  an  crjoiiaknl 
tu  tJib  ijuaU*  laoriflce.  Tbe  ecalrc  of  gravity  will  be  *uru  to  Ii*-  in 
that  body  wbkh  eooiaiu  within  it  tbe  aourcc  of  rmoluuvnt*  and  faoD- 
ouia,  and  the  other  will  be  forced  to  romlve  iraplidlly  ronod  iL~ 

Mlui*trn  beinx  at  Icnvth  uutroied  by  tbe  raalition.  rrH|fiml  ibcir 
eeaJ*;  and  afkr  a  LpM-  orMreral  week*— ilunny  wliidi  tbi-  nation  waa 
Ml  withust  a  guvemiBcat,  tmta  tba  rducuuice  uf  ihr  kiiij;  Ut  accept 
Fox  and  I>onl  North  aa  hi*  miniatci*  a  rtew  ndtuiDiMraiimi  wa*  formnl 
early  In  April,  I793.  Fox  aiMl  hi*  <M  eiieiuy  were  ihc  nrindpol  krc- 
lelariaa  of  state;  tiM-  duke  of  I'ortlaiul  beauue  the  uonuiul  iKrmirr; 
and  Pitt  took  tlM>  load  in  opposition.  AU  llie  first  measufrw  of  govern- 
■eat  •»m  triauphatidy  rarrird  t  and  «n  tbo  18th  of  NoTenber  Foi 
broagbi  farvard  hi*  Ia<lU  liill.  This  mcnnuv  cuitaJ  ■  gnat  aeoeaiios 
In  the  bowe.  I(  »»•  ■-•|hhiv>i  wiib  Mwl  and  rolbwiasni  by  the  firtriMls 
of  the  laiaiBler,  ami  otucked  |iy  hti  oppooant*  with  all  ihi>  vcbnDrace 


I 


rNMo-l  eRAHLM  JAMKI  FOX. 

of  indl^natioi),  anil  all  |]i«  energy  of  inr^ciiro.  On  one  niile  of  the 
IwuM  i(  wu  extolled  a*  a  master-piece  ot  grnius,  virtue,  niid  abililj  ; 
wbile  on  tlic  otber  it  iru  reprobated  as  a  deep  oiid  duigrrow  dc«igit, 
frnoght  with  muchief  uid  rain.  Fitt  ttud,  he  wotild  nclcnowlsdge  "  that 
India  indmi  wanted  n  rcrorm,  but  not  nich  a  r«form  oi  tliii.  The  bill 
under  con*idcraii<in  inclu'linl  a  conlucalion  of  the  pro|wrty,  and  a  dis- 
frfiDclii»rmcnt  of  the  mcnibr-n  iif  the  IC»l  India  company-  Thr  inAu- 
<!ncc  wbich  would  arrriie  from  lliix  bill — a  new,  rnonnoui,  unci  aiwx- 
ain|ilc<l  iiiHiirncr — wai  imlerd  in  the  higliot  (Je):rt^e  uianniii^.  Sevrn 
eoinniiaioner«,  chotcii  osteouhty  by  parlianM-nt,  but  really  by  ndniini*- 
tratioii,  were  to  involve  in  IIia  vortex  a(  their  authority  tbv  patruiiaj^! 
and  treaiurca  of  India  t  Thr  liglil  hoDaurabl«  mover  had  ackoow (edged 
hiowelf  to  bi?  a  aaan  of  ambition, — and  it  nuw  appeared  llut  t^e  wax 
preparMl  to  *<tcrifice  the  king,  the  parliainrut.  and  the  people  at  thi! 
aliriue  of  hia  ambition !  He  desired  to  rievate  hi*  pretient  connectiwii 
lu  a  ■itualioo  in  wliich  no  politicat  cDiiTuUioua.  aud  oo  vuriulioiiH  of 
power,  tnight  be  able  to  destroy  their  importauc^',  and  (erminalc  llieir 
Meendaney.''  On  tlie  other  handi  Pux  with  attooislitng  eloqumeu  and 
•bOl^  viiHlieated  tlie  biU.  "  The  ar^umeuta  of  hia  oppooeuta,  lie  Kai<l, 
might  have  been  adopted  with  MhlitKXial  propriety,  by  James  the  Second. 
Janea  might  baie  eUiined  (he  property  o(  dominion:  but  nliat  had 
been  tbo  kuignage  of  the  propte  ?  No  I  you  have  no  priipeity  in  do- 
mioion :  domiaioo  un«  crated  in  you.  aa  it  ia  in  every  chief  magiilroM, 
for  iha  benefit  of  the  community  tn  be  governed.  It  waa  a  aacreil  truit 
dftl^[aled  liy  compact ;  you  have  abiiaed  it.  You  have  cxerciiteii  domi- 
nion li>r  the  purpose  of  vexaikxi  and  tyranny,— not  of  comfort,  pratcc- 
tioD,  and  good  order;  we  thenfon  reionH  th«  pover  vhicii  tm  origi- 
nally oun.  I  aiu  alsoi"  oootinued  the  orator,  "charged  with  iiicreaiiing 
the  inHuene^,  and  giving  aii  inimonce  oeeewion  of  power  to  lite  erowii. 
llut  certainly  ihb  bill  aa  little  augmenta  the  infliience  of  the  crowo  aa 
any  measure  that  couki  be  dovited  for  the  govcninifiit  of  India,  with 
Itiii  flighlcM  promite  of  kuccmv.  The  very  gcniiia  of  influence  conalaia 
ill  bo(M  OiT  fear, — tear  of  losing  nrfaal  we  have,  or  luipc  of  gntaiiig  more. 
Make  tko  commHsioiMrs  rcmovablo  at  will,  and  you  set  all  tliv  little 
pamiona  of  bninan  tuloro  aSmt.  Invest  them  with  power,  upon  tlic 
aaiDS  tenure  as  the  Briiiab  Judgn  hold  tfarir  station, — removable  upon 
dlfiaqaeney,  pmijahablr  upon  guilt,  but  tiiirle**  of  danger  if  tbey  dis- 
diargo  ibair  Inwt, — and  they  will  Ik  liable  to  no  seducement,  and  will 
esaoulc  their  functiona  wiili  glory  to  themselves  and  fur  the  common 
good  of  the  country  and  mankind.  This  bill  presumes  the  pomibilily 
of  bad  adminitiraiion ;  for  every  word  in  it  breathrs  msptciou.  It  sup- 
patM  that  men  are  but  men ;  it  cnntklvs  in  no  Inlrgrlty ;  it  trusta  to 
no  eharaelcr.  It  aimries  reipontibility,  not  only  to  every  action,  but 
crro  to  the  tnaetioo  of  the  ponert  it  has  created.  He  woulil  risk,  bi- 
said,  bis  all  upou  the  excellence  of  this  bill,  llr  woutil  risk  upon  it 
whatever  was  most  dear  to  him,  whatever  men  most  valued, — the  char, 
acter  of  inteKrily,  of  Laleiit*.  of  lionour,  of  prcaeot  reputation  and  future 
&ne, — all  these  he  w<iuM  itakc  upoo  Um  COnsUtutioiul  safely.  tli«  en- 
larged policy,  the  e'juity  and  wisdom  of  the  measure.  Wliaiever  miiiht 
l>c  the  £alc  of  ila  authors,  he  had  no  fear  but  it  would  produce  to  iliii 
country  every  bteasing  of  commerce  aixl  revenue;  and,  by  exieaduig 
a  generoBS  and  humane  government  over  tlioae  millkma  whom  the  In- 
VII.  s 


10 


mUTICAL  »■■>>. 


IN, 


■crutabte  ^•pmntlABi  of  Providence  bad  plated  iiDd«r  ui  in  th*  r»- 
iiMlMl  rtgioM  of  Ike  varlb,  would  coiuecnta  th«  iuiiim'  of  Bn^uid 
■mong  Uie  BoblMl  of  ■aiiom." 

Whik  ibe  bill  «M  ptoditig  )>i  lli«-  cnniDOtM,  ft  {>tlitioii  km  prMcnird 
by  ibe  Ea»l  Intlia  oompany,  rwpmtniing  the  tnratun  *•  tubvomirr  of 
Iheir  cb«n«r,  and  operating  m  ■  rooKsraiion  of  ibrir  properly  wilbout 
chtrginC  againtt  them  any  ■pcvilicddihqui'ocy,— witliout  irial,  wtllHMt 
CMivicl^<^-«  prt>rrr<lin^  contrary  to  llir  mmt  locrcd  privilcgr*  of 
Briliah  tubjccU;  bikI  praying  In  br  lirard  by  i-oookI  a|(iui»l  tlic  bill. 
Th«  city  of  I.Midon  al«i  (oak  tbr  aUm,  and  prMcntcd  a  ntttag  prlition 
lo  lh«  Min«  rffVcL  But  it  irat  carritil  n  iili  uncomoiun  ni|>idity  tlirough 
■U  ila  rt^M  in  ihi;  haow  of  eummam  by  decbive  mojoriiics,  the  diri* 
Hon  on  tiM  itrcond  nrodii^  being  S17  to  103. 

On  the  9tb  of  DrrrnibFr,  Fox,  attended  by  «  numrruiu  (tain  of  mpoi. 
bore,  pmmifd  tbr  biil  nl  (he  b«r  of  (be  bmiir  uf  lorda.  Tbc  »ecuod 
rrarirng  of  the  bill  took  lAaer.  oo  (lie  I5(b  of  Dvctmbrr,  wbra  muuiwl 
Ku  hrard  nt  thi'  Inr  in  bdialf  of  the  Company.  Ou  ibi-  17th  ii  wiu 
movi-d  tlial  tlir  bill  be  rrjrctcd.  On  tliii  iMHruaiun  Lord  Camden  tpoLv 
vilb  peM  ahiliiy  cn''"*'  ''"^  b'"'  *l>>cb  li>>  lufdthip  RffiriiM'd  lo  be  "iii 
lb*  higtint  di^Ti'c  tH-itiiriuDi  and  uncumtituliouuj.  Tu  divnt  ihe  cuui* 
pony  of  thr  niutiii|;ruiFnl  of  tb«ir  ami  properly  and  coniititfcuil  coit> 
n-m*,  B-ai  t<i  irrat  tbrai  ■>  idiol*;  and  lie  rcguded  Ifae  bill  uui  m 
much  in  the  lijtbt  of  a  conmiMiaa  ofboiikiaptcy  ■•  of  IvBacy  I  Buiw 
k  nnn*  of  (hrovini:  so  «i>otmou*  aKUitioti  tit  wcigb(  into  Ibe  *t*\t,  not 
of  kf^al  but  Biiiiutrrial  iitUui'Dce,  it  waa  atill  oiorv  alarniing.  Wen  ikiit 
bill  to  pa**  into  a  law,  bb  lord*bip  declared,  w«  tJionld  see  tbe  kin*  of 
Eiiftbind  anil  llie  kian  of  BmgftI  conUBdiiip  for  Jup^TMrily  in  the  Bri- 
liih  pailiaau'ot,"  After  «  veli«Birui  debate,  the  moiiaD  of  rrjection  WM 
carrinl  by  US  aKniad  76  roima. 

Sueh  «af  the  «)Dcludio|{  tctne  of  an  ad  mi  out  rol  ion  from  wbooc  vifOvr 
Ita  pafliaana  bad  ooncrin-d  (he  aunt  iwignine  hope*.  As  ibe  fin*  dlvU 
itoM  is  Ibe  upper  Imhim  were  larourabte  to  tbe  bill,  it « ill  mturally  be 
EmigfaMd  ikU  toeb  a  audtlen  and  rvtnarkablf  rhatifie  of  >rnriiiir-iii  nuit 
have  been  ecnaioned  by  ibo  inlerwiuion  of  t«mr  i-iry  |)o»i-ifiit  ilioujth 
biildeti  eaoae.  On  tbr  lllh  of  Utvc tuber,  Earl  Ti-ni|>le  lull  a  eoattr- 
Hicc  with  hi>  Binjeaty  vhicb  appeon  pnnnpally  (o  lure  lutocd  on  (lie 
bill  then  )>«ntlii>g  in  ftariioflkviii.  A  card  was  imiUFdinirly  wnttMi, 
dating  "dial  hi*  naji-My  allo*ed  Earl  Troipte  to  lay.  tliat  alioover 
voted  fur  (be  ludia  bill  waa  not  only  not  lit*  firiend,  but  wooM  be  can> 
•idcml  bv  him  a>  lii*  eM-my.  Ami  If  thaae  worda  ver«  not  atrong 
■■ougli,  Lori  I  nipla  miKbi  um  whatever  wrda  h«  migbi  deem  atrongcr 
or  RKKvIn  Uw  pnrpoM.'  An  Inlarfbnnoe  of  an  extrwxdinary  n  luiiue 
*■•  not  likely  lo  paaa  witlionl  anlmadx'niian  and  ceniore.  It  waa, 
aca>r«lJu|[ly,  wuvrd  in  (bo  boiiar  of  caniiiiont  on  ili«  1 7tk,^ibe  vuy 
•lay  thai  (be  bill  wa*  n-jidrd  by  Ihu  lorda, — *■  That  it  waa  now  neoeo- 
aary  (o  d<vUr«,  tlut  In  rrport  any  opinion,  or  prMondod  opiniuut  of  the 
king  upon  Bi>y  bill,  or  oilier  proorvdiog  depending  in  eltlMir  booae  of 

Klianient.  oilJi  a  view  to  intfuenoe  tbe  ruica  of  the  lueBibani  waa  a 
^b  etirae  aud  mladvBiconirr."  After  an  aiiinal«d  delMle  the  bouae 
dhtkletl  upon  tba  ((nauMMi,  wban  iba  fetolittion  waa  ewried  by  a  nnuar- 
iiy  of  7J. 

An  m6(*  eliaage  of  MbniMMntloa  waa  now  detoniiinetl  opoit.     At 


1>(.Mm.[  CHAIlLBa  JAMU  FOX.  H 

nktniiibt  on  tbe  IBlh  of  December  n  royal  meiAaf>e  tvAt  irni  lu  ttie 
MCTMBriuB  ur  Oate,  denknding  it>e  (<eAU  of  ihi>ir  itevi^rat  ilcpiirtiimio, 
aod  at  lUe  tame  time  dircciing  llmt  lUy  dioiild  b«  drlivereil  lu  the 
cOTtfeiga  by  lb*  iindi.-r-M<cTi>tnrir>.  m  a  prnional  inl«rview  nould  b« 
diMgrf^aMr.  Eariy  n«it  morning  tctl^n  of  dJMniwMMi,  aigned  TcuijiU-, 
wero  *wil  10  the  othrr  nwmbcn  of  the  rii>iin#t.  In  ■  fow  d«j*«  aftfii 
Pill  wu  dfcturcl  liril  lonl  nf  thr  tniwun,-,  ai>d  clmncfllor  of  ibe  fH- 
chequer:  tbo  ni8rr]ar«olCnrtiurtli<'ii  nixl  i^iomn*  Tnnatlipnd.  rnMti'd 
Lord  Syrtwy,  woiv  nominalcd  si-cncUri™  of  ttntr ;  Lord  Thurlow  wae 
rfiMUtpd  a*  lord-cbanrollor.  and  Eurl  Gowcr  04  prraidrni  of  th«  coun- 
cil; lltr  dukn  of  Kiillaml  w«»  contlitulul  lord-prirj-M-jl:  Li>rd  Hoirc 
pUc«(l  *t  ihr  brail  nf  (he  aduiiralty:  and  ihi-'ituke  of  Iticbmond  over  the 
ordnnncit.  'I'br  rnrl  »f  NurtJimslun  wai  mcollcd  fniin  his  goi-crnmcnt 
of  Imland.  to  iibi<;li  Lord  IVaipl^— wlio  IimI  rrtnincd  tli«  tcaU  of  leo- 
roUry  oidy  tkrcf  day* — itat  »gKn  a]>puinlRd  lo  rdccttiL 

Tbo  title  of  poputarily  now  »c<  in  so  alruagty-  agniii*t  Foi.  tbat  Ot 
Itia  gonrml  drciiiMi,  in  1784,  aliuvc  icvrnty  of  hia  ftioiid*  lo»t  iheir 
M«t«  in  tbft  hnuac:  and  liii  u»n  rrlum  for  Wr>tiiiinitrr  was,  after  & 
coiitnt  of  47  day*,  only  KBiiwd  by  ^36  riiiM,  allboiigli  be  w.u  Kiipf>i>Ticd 
by  all  the  iofluenee  of  tbe  Porlbod  and  Detoniiiirc  fnmilicit.  I'roia 
IJSi  to  IJdit  Fox  bi-adnl  a  mout  jiowetful  i>|>|mai(icia  in  (hv  cotanuinf, 
and  diqtlaycd  traiHOf'iidt'nl  gnniiu  in  nil  tlie  grral  qutstiona  that  cuiuo 
before  the  koiuei  sucb  a>  ihn  Wi-ntminittir  scruiiny,  tb«  Kegvoey  bill, 
tbe  Libel  bill,  ibe  trial  of  Uiwliii^,  and  tbe  matioii  for  repefll  of  tint 
corporation  aad  tcvt  act*.  On  tvo  gnstt  oecojioniE  the  talents  of  Afr 
Fox  proved  erniomtly  irrriccililr  lu  the  nation:  one,  wfaco  Mr  Pilt. 
M  Ibe  iMli|ili(Ki  of  Ilic  ouurl  of  Briiiu.  wi«licd  (o  vige  U  uopri>fiijliIc 
var  nitb  Kuuia  rvUtive  to  (be  poMoanon  of  Ocukow :  llic  other,  whi'it, 
in  tb(r  wiuitutinrM  of  powLT,  be  mged  a  coiitttt  with  Spain,  In  17H8, 
worn  out.  and  perliapa  diaguated  wuh  public  UiaincMi  ka  rqinnHJ  to 
ibc  conlincDt,  iit  coinpany  mitk  the  lady  whom  lie  ofterwatda  aokuav- 
led|[ed  a»  l>i»  wife,*  Md  •ftnr  apeadiiig  a  Aiw  day*  witb  Gibbuo.  tli« 
fciatoriau.  ai  LauaaBM^  aniend  tha  daaaic  regloaii  of  Italy.  But  ba 
was  Ruddcoly  rtoaUed.  Jii  eotifnjaence  of  the  alanniiig  ilhieM  of  iIm 
king:  and  (be  biMtnwM  of  tbe  Regency  bill  waa  w)  ably  raaiiaged  by  faia 
rival,  wbo  bow  perceived  it  (o  ba  lor  bi*  ioieretl  lo  ataiid  on  cootlitu- 
tiuMl  ground*,  (bat  tbe  appoaillon  nilbor  lo»t  than  gained  pupuluriljr 

'  Mn  Annilml.  ■  Hi,lotr,  11  •»  hotlmeJ.  uliu,  Ibr  HTug  lima.  )ia<l  nwilnl  in  hb 
fcliin  kl  HI  Annn'i  hill  1  aiHl  •ihnin.  (MBt  ■  1*7^1  oT  warly  tm  jtun.  ha  uknawUdaod 
Mkit  <«(*.  6oiiit  afOaunl*  utaU  llial  Iii>  iiiu tlac"^'' fan  loolL  |>l«ii*  In  llm  wbillt 
•Kurlinc  U>  OltoA  it  iliJ  not  orvui  uni<l  )TU4-  TI>o  «>r*iuoiir  wtt  prinUlj  per- 
lonnnl  by  ifOriki  li<«nw,  Anil,  irhuoior  w«-rv  hi*  irdfturu,  F01  wmt  rrjitffniLf  Hry 
r«liirlJihl  Is  Ihv  allium  Iwliiit  in*it»  |>ul<llr.  ■Illiouffh  •Im  mti  hudnjina.  i»-ii>ni|ili<lwl, 
ami  nliliiMlT  atUclMd  la  liiin.  fax.  un  lili  |'U1.  MiHU  to  bam  luiod  Iwc  ti(ievi*t)> 
Oa  lb*  IMIb  or  jMOwy.  llUa,  Ui  blnhiUr,  BMl  lb«  emplvllaa  of  Uri  llftleili  you, 
ba  1,11,1  nnj  h*t,  ahil*  at  iIhi  lit«>kCul  ubt*,  Mitb  Ihn  Ibilaolng  Unix,  nrllUin,  ai  1( 
U  ••••I,  aalaai^r*>*u<i>l}  :  — 

*  Of  )<an  1  ban  an*  lialf  >  onMivi  pMi'il. 
AdJ  annu  «/  lh«  Uny  to  lilwa'J  at  iIm  latl. 
lIciH  It  l<>|>|x*>,  in}  iriHiMn  llxii  dall;  ihonU  iiaiA 
Anil  m^  liki^iinsB  (hiu  olili  my  y*u,  thuiilil  InrtiMMi 
Tlili  d«>fl«DC«  ■>■'  Nalutp'i  man  ^n>ral  lim 
Van  iIhm  uw  •xf4>IB<  vifan  alun*  •>*  Uu  ■■»•■' 


p 


IS  VOLtTICAL  lEHISS.  rNlVTH 

bjf  Ob  ■■■■!■    '  Tli<<  tollaving  \<t{rr  from  Mr  (iibbon  (o  Lord  Sbcf- 

Mll»lraatriUDgto*tin>(»iy  (o  ihcconrcrNiiioiial  mcriUoTFox: — 

'■LAoaAimt.  Oi^tt4ili,  l7Mt. 

"  TW  man  of  llio  pQOpte  e— p«d  fiwD  tbe  tuinull,  Ihr  bloody  lumnll 
of  Uif  Wutniimler  cledKia,  lo  ibe  Uke*  and  roountaiitt  of  Siriti«tltiiid, 
nnd  I  n«  iofonnrd  lliat  he  vaa  amvcd  At  ibe  Lion  d'Of.  I  aent  a 
roinpliiiMint ;  hr  iiiiawe:red  it  iu  pcnon.  aoil  Mttled  at  my  honw  fur  rlic 
rrmaiodor  of  tbe  dajr.  I  htivt:  at(  and  dnnit,  and  coavprccd  and  act 
up  all  tti^t  Willi  Pox  in  EogtaiMl :  but  it  arvcr  hopfienctl,  perhap*  it 
nrrrr  can  happim  npiin,  (hat  I  tJiould  enjoy  liim  a*  I  did  that  dav, 
ninnr,  frnm  Imi  in  ibu  iDOniing  till  t«n  at  ni^bt.  Poor  IVyicrdiUH 
lipfnrc  bin  occtikot,  vantrd  »ji(rila  to  ai)f>nr,  and  bai  rrgrfitn]  ii  dBw. 
Our  ronvmation  never  flagged  a  noiucat ;  and  bp  tcnnrd  (boroii|>bty 
pkaurd  Kith  Iba  place  aiwt  wHh  kla  company.  Wc  bml  litth-  polliia; 
tbnujrli  br  Karr  me,  in  a  few  word*!  vacli  a  cliaiuetpr  of  Pili  a*  one 
great  man  ifaould  j-ive  of  anolbert  Ua  rival :  many  uf  bonlu,  from  my 
own,  on  wbicli  lie  flattered  me  very  ple*iaiitly.  to  Homer  and  tbe 
Arabian  n'ifilils :  maeti  about  Uie  country,  my  nardro— whldi  be  undcr- 
fttaoiU  fat  tietiiT  ibau  I  do— and,  upon  the  tibole,  I  think  be  envie* 
tnr,  and  Koold  do  ki  were  be  minitler.  Tlie  next  tnoruitiK  I  gave  hiai 
a  ft^tdt  to  walk  biiii  about  the  town  and  conatry,  and  inviti'd  loma 
company  to  meH  bim  al  diiiiier.  Tbe  following  day  be  coationnl  bU 
joarncy  to  Brme  and  Zuricli,  and  I  bavc  bi>ard  of  bim  by  rarioua 
mmna.  The  people  gaie  on  bin)  a*  a  prodigy,  but  be  »bow>  little  in- 
elinalioo  to  eonver»c  wiib  ilwm."' 

WUIi  tbe  fir*t  uMvcinvnti  in  tbe  Freneb  rcTolution  Fox  lynpMbivd 
aa  a  aincere  lover  of  tbe  libeniea  of  mankind.  Tlie  U't  teaaion  of  llie 
parliament  elected  in  1784  ojiened  on  the  Slaof  Janiury,  1790.  Tlie 
ifiMcb  from  (be  throne  ilightly  fjlanccd  at  tbe  affaJm  of  France.  Hia 
ini^eaty  olwrved  thai  "  tlie  intcnal  aituatioo  of  Ibo  dlflenat  part*  itl 
Europe  bad  liren  productive  of  evcnta  whieli  had  engaged  bia  oioit 
aarioaa  slieniinn."  I^rd  Volletort,  in  noting  Ibe  addreta,  took  ocea- 
lion  to  ronin't  ibi-  Iramiujl  and  proaperou*  eiUatian  of  England  with 
the  anan'Iiy  and  liei'nlioasneH  wbtrh,  be  aaid.  tiow  reigaed  in  France, 
and  lo  utiifinalite  the  revolution  io  that  country  as  an  event  llie  roost 
disaalrou*  and  fatal  to  tbe  inlemt*  gf  ibe  Prvnek  wblob  had  arar  takes 

Ela<-e  lioee  ibr  fountlatioci  of  ibrir  monarciiy.  Tliii  hsgaaca  waa 
iclily  appfanded  by  the  old  prrrogalivr  iibalaax,  and  waa  a  t^etaUe 
iadieaiian  of  Ibe  light  in  wbieb  tlir  tecetit  tran>a<ellona  in  Franc*  wtre 
licwed  by  ibr  itriliib  raurL  Tbe  uibjert  aa*  muninl  upon  tlie  do- 
bale  wbich  look  ploee  on  February  the  9lb  n-Utive  lo  tbe  araiy-eati* 
iHlaa.  Ittr  nurkc  obacrved,  "  llial  on  a  r«*icw  of  all  Europe,  be  did 
■MM  find  thai  piilitirally  we  oood  in  Ibe  «uaU(«t  degree  of  danger  from 
any  ana  Mate  or  kingilom  it  eoataJaad  i  or  thai  any  foreign  powers,  but 
our  own  allira.  were  likely  to  gun  a  peepondrrance  in  llie  acate.  Tbe 
French  bad  aliown  ibamaalrea  ihe  able*t  arehitcet*  of  min  that  had 
kiilwrio  apiwwml  in  tlw  world.     In  oni-  >hort  numiorr  tbcy  had  eom, 

CU4)'ly  pulled  down  ibeir  rooiiarcby,  their  church,  their  nobility,  their 
iw,  Uiejr  araiy,  and  Iheir  feirntie  t     Were  wr  abaotaie  «MU{urrara, 

*  Ha.  Uniaa,  leL  i,  •(  ll—Jw.  p  in. 


Fnnw.)  ciiAKtu  JAMBS  vox.  19 

and  Fraitcr  to  Vw.  p««alnilo  at  oar  fed,  vt«t  diuuld  bliisli  to  tinpoiic  upon 
lliein  li-nni  so  ilcitnictivc  to  all  tbrir  c«nM'i|u<.-ncc  as  u  naiiuti,  a>  the 
dvmice  ibey  bait  impiMLil  npon  thi«i«rtvi^  Our  liaiigcr.  from  the 
•Xanpic  of  a  pi'i>]>li!  whoic  charu^UT  kucw  no  nietliuin.  was,  villi  re* 
RUd  lo  i^uvfTDnK'nt,  «  ilanftcr  from  licvnlioua  viulcnf^p, — n  ilaiigor  of 
tfeini;  I«hI  fnnn  witiiintiuii  lu  iiniUliou  of  Ihi-  rxcftai-t  at  lui  unpiin- 
ri[>l«l,  ]iluiiilcrin);<  ferui-iuus,  bloody,  and  lyraitnlcal  ili'inocracy, — of  » 
people  wboiw  f;oTrrtiiiicDt  is  annrcliy,  nod  whoic  rrlif^loii  i«  atbcuml 
He  dtrbrtvl  lii^  frit  jtrrnt  concirni  thut  tbU  .iirangc  lliiDg,  callnl  n  re- 
volution ill  France,  ilioiild  be  compared  trilli  tbc  glorioii*  event  cocn- 
iBMily  calkil  tli<r  revijliition  in  Kngland.  In  iriilh,  thr  rirciinistaiKM<* 
of  our  revolution,  ai  il  is  called,  and  that  of  Fraiiee.  were  jiiiC  the  re* 
ver»«  of  c-seli  other  in  nlmmt  every  portimlnr.  nnd  in  tiie  irlinle  spirit 
of  tiie  Iratttotrlion,  W'bal  we  did  was,  in  tnitb  and  substance,  not  n 
revolution  made  but  prevented.  We  took  solid  sMurities;  wc  s^letl 
doublful  qnrsiions ;  hc  eorrvcted  anomalie*  in  our  law.  In  tb?  stable 
fundamental  pnrts  of  oiir  eonslilulion  we  tnatle  no  revolotion  ;  no  1  nor 
any  alteration  at  all.  Wc  dtd  not  impdir  the  monarcliy.  Tli«  nation 
kept  tbe  same  ranks,  lite  same  mbordiiuiion*,  the  saaie  fraDehiee*:  the 
Minv  ordfT  in  tlie  Uw,  tli«  revenue,  and  the  niagistraey  ;  the  soniv  lorda, 
th«  HOiiie  eommoiui,  the  Mine  eorpornltnns,  the  same  eirctori.  Tl* 
rJiurcb  was  not  impoiretl.  I  Icr  ei.Utni,  ber  tnnjrsly.  ber  splriidour,  Iwr 
ortJerl  ami  gradations  onntlniird  the  sanir.  She  was  prnerved  in  Jier 
full  effitictiey.  anil  cWred  only  ol'  titat  intolerance  wliidi  was  her  weak- 
i>e>i  and  ditgmee.  W.is  little  done  then  because  a  rerolulioo  u-iis  itn4 
moile  in  her  eonstiliilion?  No  I  every  tiling  was  done;  beeniise  we 
commenced  with  repamtion.  not  with  niin.  Tiie  slate  flouriihed ;  ( irral 
Britain  rose  abuve  ihe  sliuidarO  of  licr  former  self;  all  the  rncr^k-s  of 
the  eouiilry  were  awukcni-d:  and  a  new  era  of  prosperity  conimcnctsl, 
which  still  coiilinun,  not  only  uiiiinpxir^d,  but  is  receiving  growth  and 
impravenicot  ondi-r  tbc  wasting  hand  of  tini«."  After  this  philippic, 
Mr  Fox,  notwithstanding  his  personal  regard  and  friendship  for  Burkes 
tbougbt  it  nrcesiaiy,  in  Jtisiiec  to  his  own  character,  ti>  iloelarc  "  hi* 
talal  dissent  from  opinions  so  hostile  to  the  grncral  principles  of  liberty; 
and  whicli  be  was  gricveil  to  bear  frvin  the  lips  of  a  man  whom  he  lovod 
and  revered, — by  «lio««  pivcepU  be  had  been  langhl, — by  whose  ex- 
ample he  hail  bc^n  animnied  to  rngsge  in  llicir  defeoee.  Me  vinilicated 
the  conduct ^f  ibe  French  army  in  refueling  to  act  nt^iost  their  fcllow- 
citlaens  from  ih«  aApenions  of  Burke,  who  kad  charged  tlieni  w  ith  abet- 
ting an  abomiaoUe  aediiioo  by  mutiny  and  dcMllion ;  declaring,  iliat 
if  he  could  vi«w  a  standing  mililary  force  with  I«m  conslitiitional  Jcal- 
oufv  than  before,  il  was  owing  to  ihc  noble  spirit  niauifcBted  by  the 
Fri'iieh  army,  who,  on  bceomtog  soldien.  had  proved  that  ibty  ilid  not 
forfeit  thtir  eharaeter  a*  ciliiciu,  iai<l  would  not  act  as  tbt;  mere  iiislxti- 
menis  of  a  d«>pot.  The  scenes  of  bloodslM-d  and  erurliy  that  hod  been 
acted  ill  France,  no  man  caald  bear  of  viUiout  tnuieuting.  But  when 
tbe  grieroiis  tyranny  that  the  people  bnd  so  long  groaned  untkr  was 
MMwidered,  the  excesses  ibey  l>«d  committed  iu  their  eAbrt*  to  shake 
off  thr  yoke  could  not  excite  oar  astonlakment  so  aiuch  od  our  regrc-l. 
Awl  a*  to  the  conimst  .Mr  Uurke  had  exliibit«d,  reapeeling  the  mode 
ill  which  the  two  revolutions  of  Edglurid  otid  France  were  conducted, 
it  niuft  be  remeinborcd,  be  said,  that  iIh-  siluation  of  llie  two  kitigdoma 


14  muTicAL  KKRiKi.  Nimi 

wMtonllf  diSbrcnt.  In  Fra»cr  a  tirw  ircMiitilutioD  iru  lo  be  created; 
in  EsglMKl,  it  wanird  onlf  to  b«  iccurvd.  If  (be  fabric  uf  uovi-roniMit 
in  EogUm]  mI&kiI  Um  nltentioti.  it  wa«  boauM  it  requirvil  li-m  alter- 
■lion :  if  a  ^nonl  dotrui-tMU  uf  tho  ancl«nt  con«ttlutioa  lia<l  takra 
plaro  in  Fninc*',  it  wai  b««aai«  ili«  wbole  i>y*i«iB  waa  ndieally  boattls 
lo  liberty,  aoii  tbat  eveiy  pari  of  it  I>r«lli«d  the  direful  apiht  of  de^M* 
timi." 

Mr  Barkv,  laya  Moora  in  liia  '  lib  of  Shrridani'  "  had  poblUhed  Ut 
cdcbnted  '  RvAe^ioas'  in  tbe  nwnih  of  Nov  amber,  1790;  aiid  never 
did  any  «urk,  witb  the  exception,  perhnpa,  of  the  *  Eikon  UaMlike,' 
pradufle  Mcb  a  rapid,  drep,  aad  ifrscial  (eniuition.  The  Eikoi  wu 
tbe  book  of  a  Line,  and  thii  mlglil,  in  amitlicr  woic,  b«  called  Ilia 
Book  orKiagh  Not  only  in  England,  but  throughout  M  Burope,-> 
in  eirery  part  of  >  bich  tnonnrcby  «ai  now  trraibling  (or  its  pxituncab  ■ 
Ihi*  lofiy  appeal  lo  loyalty  wiu  brartl  ai>d  vrlcooicdi  Iti  cffirct  upon 
the  already  lotlrring  vbig  party  wo*  like  ibnt  of  '  tbe  toitH','  in  the 
ntM  of  Rome,  '  dbponiiig  tou-rra.'  Tlivwbok-  fabric  of  ibc  «((l  Rock- 
inghuD  confnlmcy  iliook  to  its  bate.  Eicii  Kinir,  abo  aficrwarcb  n- 
cmrtred  Ihcir  et|uilibriain,  at  fint  yielded  to  the  clai|ucncc  of  ilii*  ex- 
traordinary Uiok.— sbicli,  like  tliu  era  uf  chivalry,  nliuv  Iuh  it  d^ 
plom,  mini  a  fimidcur  with  eTTur,  and  throw:)  u  cbarai  ruund  puliii- 
cal  »uper»litioa,  tliat  will  loiif;  render  its  pafes  a  Kirt  uf  re|;ioo  of  royal 
romancR,  to  which  £i»cy  will  have  rtooune  fur  illuuonH  llat  have  luat 
their  Utt  hold  on  the  retuuii.  The  undisguised  freedom  nilh  wliieb 
Mr  Vox  and  Mr  SlH-n<t«D  eipiewed  e»ery  where  their  opiutoas  of  tbia 
work  and  ilt  prineijile*  bad,  of  oouree,  no  aaiall  wiuene*  on  ihe  temper 
of  the  author,  ami.  while  it  conlinned  hin  In  hk  halrod  and  jealouty  of 
tbe  one,  prepared  hin  foe  the  breach  which  Jk  meditated  with  tho 
other.  Thi*  breadi  was  now,  indeed,  dailj-  cipcctrd,  a*  a  antural 
>«iucl  to  lli«  rupture  with  Mr  Sheridan  in  the  last  seaiion  ;  but.  by  to* 
rivu*  aceideat*  and  ioiFrpocitiou*.  tbe  critis  was  delayed  tiJl  tbe  6th  of 
Hajt  wlien  IIk  recommitment  of  tbe  Quebec  bill, — a  quenliuo,  upos 
which  both  orators  bod  already  taken  occasion  to  onfuld  (heir  view*  of, 
the  FrcDcb  rrvolutioin, — rurotsbed  Durie  with  an  opportunity,  of  which 
lie  inipeluoualy  look  adrantage,  to  sever  tbe  tie  between  luniseiranil 
Mr  Fox  for  erer.  Tliis  aoene,— «o  linear  in  a  public  oaseinbly, 
whera  llie  natural  afleclion*  are  but  *eldom  called  oul.  aad  where, 
tboogfa  bnnli  of  temper  hke  that  of  iturkc  are  caniinoii.  gucb  Iran  04 
tboat  »bed  by  Mr  Fox  are  rare  phenomena,— baa  bcvn  M  oRen  de* 
tcribod  in  variou*  puMieatwos,  tliat  it  would  be  nipcrflnoat  to  enltr 
into  thn  drtaih  of  it  here.  Tho  following  aro  tbo  aolcnui  iimI  (lira 
wordi  in  which  arnli-uce  of  death  WM  pronounced  upon  a  IKcndUitp^ 
that  had  now  bi'ted  for  more  lliafl  (be  fourth  part  of  a  cenlury.  'It 
certaiuly,'  Mid  Mr  Burke,  *wa»  indiscretion  at  any  period,  bat  e»- 
pc«ially  at  bia  tiiDo  of  lifir,  to  provoke  rnemii*.  or  10  i;ive  hi*  rrienib 
oeeaMOD  lo  dearrt  bim ;  yH.  if  hu  firm  end  »l4ady  ndhrrc-nc*-  lu  the 
Briliab  nxulilulioo  placed  him  in  (urh  a  dilemma,  he  aould  risk  all. 
•Ml  aa  public  duly  and  public  pmdencv  taught  bim,  wiiK  bis  lost  word* 
eaclaiui,  **  Fly  from  lh«  French  eons(i|uiion.'"  [Mr  Fos  berr  whim- 
pered, thai  ■  there  waa  no  low  of  rriri>dabip.']  Mr  llurke  oaJd,  '  Yn* 
llirrr  was  a  tuM  of  fricDiUiip : — ha  knrw  (Ih*  prie«  of  b'n  conduct ; — li« 
had  dotM  hti  duty  at  tbu  jirwe  of  hb  IKrnd; — llieir  friendibip  waa  at  an 


Pihiob]  ^^^^^cBaScSWajiii*  tox.  15 

tad.'  In  iving  in  reply  to  lh«  *fiMch  o(  nurfcr,  Mr  F<n  mti  *n 
klfrelr<l  nx  to  Iv.  for  *i>mr  inomrnbi,  unable  In  ipcak : — be  wrpt,  it  in 
Mill,  crrn  to  ■obbitig  :  tml  prrsoii*  vho  wtm  in  tlir  gdtlrry  nt  Ihp  tiinp 
<IccUn',  (hat,  wliilc  he  t]>okr,  thfinr  wiw  bardly  a  iJrjr  i-j-i?  around 
I  hem." 

On  tlie  (ipcninfC  ^^  parliamrot  on  the  13ih  of  0<-mnbrr,  1792,  it 
wai   intiniuti-(l   in   iht^  i>|)«'cli  from  the  thrunc  llial  "  lili  mnJHly  hail 

i'uilgnl  i(  aveeiMiry  to  vmbucl}-  a  |>art  tif  the  miliiin,  ami  to  mil  the  paiw 
iimeiit  togcilicT  within  the  timr  llmildl  for  tbnt  piurposr."  niid  ilio 
grounilt  or  lh«*e  dronit  mcasurri  wnr  ilntttl  li>  be  "  the  M-ilitious  pmc* 
tier*  whiub  lixl  b«(^R  discuvcn-it,  anil  the  ipiril  ol'  tumult  and  diionhr 
tfaown  in  a«ti  of  riot  anil  iiisurrortiim  nliieh  tcquirwd  th(^  in(erpo>itioii 
of  a  military  forcu  in  »up)M>rt  of  tlu:  ciril  mi^tiilrair,  Thv-  iiidiiilry 
vmptoyed  tu  eicitv  <liM!Mitrnt  on  varioua  preirxln,  and  in  dilTcrrnt  partN 
oftbc  kingilom,  appmrrd,"  it  was  added,  "to  pcocrril  fmin  a  dnign 
to  attrrapt  tlic  destmalion  nf  our  happy  ron»tiiDtion  and  thn  xubTrniion 
of  all  Older  ami  govrrninrni ;  and  ihi*  dnign  ha<l  rvidmtly  brrn  pur- 
MmI  ia  cotineclion  a/id  conc^tt  with  prr'nim  in  forrign  eountrie*.  I 
have,"  laid  bis  mojcMy,  ''rarrlulty  obt^rved  n  ■irict  neuirnliiy  in  iho 
pm^nl  war  wi  llie  <s>n(inenU  nnd  liare  uniformli'  nlntnined  from  any 
inieff«r«ic«i  with  mptct  to  the  inirmal  BortmiiH-iit  of  Fraiw* :  but  it 
■*  impOMible  for  me  to  mv  wiiliMii  the  moit  serious  untaiiiiieM  ibc 
slrODg  wmI  incmHit^  indicaiiou*  whiefa  Imv^  ajijMi^retl  lher<>,  of  an  [n< 
trillion  to  excite  dUturbancc*  in  other  eouolrin,— to  di«r<fard  iha 
rif;bts  of  neutral  iiaiii>n8>  aod  purMt  riewa  of  co»que*i  and  •ggrandiw* 
Hienli— «■  ireJI  U  (O  adopt  lowardB  my  alUea,  (be  Btalca- general,  meu- 
nrcis  which  art  udlhtr  (vnfbnDable  to  the  law  of  nktiun*,  nor  to  Iha 
poiiiive  Rtiputnlionii  of  axitting  Irrntico."  Undir  tbeM  cirpunitilnact* 
bb  maji'ity  thought  it  right  tn  have  rrcoumr.  to  thaw  tneaii*  of  prrvt'n- 
tioa  and  intrmal  defmce  with  which  he  wait  iniruMMl  by  lav,  and  to 
make  nooie  augmeotalion  of  his  natal  and  militaiy  force.  Uii  moving 
tJie  addrtvi,  in  answer  to  (be  Bpeerh,  n  nietnorablv  debate  arow:  eod 
never  did  the  »lrcngtb  an<l  ftijK-riorily  of  Fux'i  gcniu*  apptw  >o  coii< 
«p!eiioui  OS  in  tht*  moment  of  national  infaliiation. 

He  be);aji  by  DbMrrinjc.  "that  hi»  oiajnty's  ipeeeh  contained  a  va< 
ricty  of  a«av(tiona  of  the  moot  eatraonlinnry  natun-.  It  win  the  duty  of 
that  houcc  to  in<(iiire  into  the  tnilb  of  (line  auerlionn  i  nnd  in  ditcharg- 
ing  thu  part  of  lii>  duty,  lie  altoaM  consider  llir  speech  fri>in  thr  throne 
at  l\ur  sperch  of  the  niioiatCT,  which  hit  majesty '»  conHdrnlinl  servant!) 
had  advised  him  (o  deliver ;  ood  a*  (bey  wenr  rcuponnlble  for  that  ad- 
vice, to  iJicm  every  ubncrva(ion  of  hin  ahould  l>e  addn-ood.  I  tiate  it, 
iberebrc,'*  isid  Foa,  "  to  be  my  Hmi  opinion  and  belief  that  (here  in  not 
one  fact  aaserted  in  hi*  majniy'a  upeeeh  wliicli  ia  not  falae;  not  one  aa- 
■eniuu  or  iosiiiootion  which  is  not  untoBndtd.  Nnjr.  I  eaniiot  tw  *o 
lUICaudid  a*  to  believe  ihnt  minittem  IhetnaelvM  think  thrm  Irtie  I  Tha 
trading  and  prvoiiueoi  feature  of  the  ipercb  is  a  wanton  and  hatt 
caluiBBy  on  tli*  people  of  Great  Britain  i  an  insinuation  of  M  Uaeh  K 
naiim  that  it  demands  (he  moat  rigorouii  ioquiryi  and  tlw  taoM  wnn 
p«iiii(hmeu(.  The  ueit  aawnlun  ia.  (bat  there  eziata  at  this  inoioetit 
an  inaurrcciion  io  this  kingdoia.  An  insurrection! — Where  ia  it? 
Where  has  i(  reared  ita  liead  ?  Guud  God !  an  insurrection  in  Great 
Dtitain  ?     TIte  speech  gan  ua  in  (he  sonic  ■(rain  of  lalschond  aad  ca< 


F 


IS  roLiTiCAi.  vcnics.  rNiHTu 

luiuny,  abi]  t»y*,  *  llie  tiiJuUi;  emptoyitl  to  excite  Uiicuiilcnt  on  va- 
rious iirrtMts,  and  in  difftrciit  paru  of  the  kiogiJom,  liai  appL-arcd  to 
pTOewil  fram  a  design  [o  allempi  the  dntructioii  vf  our  huj>i)y  codtti- 
iDtwn,  and  th«  subtersioo  of  all  order  uid  Kovcruroeiit.'  I  dtsire  gen- 
tlciDcn  to  consider  these  words,  and  1  demand  or  their  Koaour  and 
truth,  ir  ih«y  bdiCTc  this  aMcrtion  lu  l>e  fiiuuded  ia  fact.  There  have 
been,  a»  I  udtntud,  and  as  ev«ry  on«  luiut  hai-e  lieatd,  aonie  slight 
riot*  in  diflerpot  parts :  I  hai-e  lieanl  of  a  tumult  at  Shields :  of  aiioUier 
at  Loith;  of  Mine  riot  st  Yarmouth  i  and  of  socnething  of  the  same 
iMlure  at  ferll)  and  Dundee.  But  I  ask  genllemeo  if  they  believe  tliat 
in  each  or  the»e  places  the  avowed  object  of  llie  complaints  of  the  pt-o- 
plc  was  not  the  real  one — that  the  sailori  at  Shield^  Y^raioulh,  and 
other  places,  did  not  really  want  Mitiie  inereaae  of  their  wages,  but  iiere 
actuated  by  a  design  of  overthrowing  the  coDatllulioo  ?  b  lltcr«  a  man 
in  Eikglaiid  itho  believes  iht*  insinuation  10  be  irueP" 

Tox  nest  tdverling  to  what  had  Tulleu  from  Wallace,  who,  in  se- 
condiag  the  niolioii  of  addrcM,  addaM^I  at  a  proof  tlut  there  eibled 
in  tbi*  cvuntr;  a  dangerous  spirit,  '  the  droot>ing  and  d<Jected  aspect  of 
many  person*,  when  lh«  tiding*  of  Uumourier's  surrender  arrired  in 
Hnglan<l,'  said — "  Aitmilttng  tli«  bet  in  ib  utmuat  citcnl,  could  any 
man  who  loves  the  coiMtiiulioii  of  Enjjland,  who  (vt-U  its  principles  in 
hi*  heart,  wish  tucceta  to  tlie  duke  of  Bruniwicic,  after  reading  a  maui- 
fit>ti>  which  violated  every  doctrine  that  EngUihincB  hold  •acred.-' 
which  trampled  under  foot  every  (jrinetple  of  jublice,  huniunitr.  and 
true  govvrnnient?  It  U  rallier  extraordinary  that  wr  *hould  think  tt 
right  to  abuse  rrpublit^  at  llie  xvn  mumi-itt  we  are  called  upon  to  pro- 
tect the  rcpuUio  of  llollandi  to  sprrnd  the  doetlinc  thai  king*  only 
Itavc  ditine  right,  may  iudii[io>e  our  allies  to  recrire  our  profNMcd  sac- 
cour.  They  may  not  choose  to  rcceivn  into  Ibcir  country  our  ndnii- 
rali  and  general*,  who  being  appointed  by  this  king,  in  divine  right, 
wnst  pariake  of  the  >amp  ai^ger.  and  be  tworn  MlemiM  to  all  fonua  of 
gOTrmnM-oi  not  *o  tniictltifsl.  Murrly,  indepradoot  of  the  raladioud 
■mi  the  danger  U  borac  of  such  doctriaea,  it  u  the  bctghi  of  imjiolicy 
■t  this  liim!  to  liohl  thcui  in  regard  avan  to  oar  neighbour*. 

"  lit!  inujcsiy,  in  th«  next  puHg*  of  hi*  >pereh,"  rmiltnued  Vox, 
"  bring*  u*  lu  thr  apprrh4-naiOD  of  a  war.  I  Fhall  rtlrain  nt  this  time 
ftotn  saying  all  Ilioi  occur*  to  mc  on  thb  subject.  IteeauM^  I  wi*li  to 
lui-p  prrciseiy  lo  the  iiumcdiair  subject  j  bat  Drvcf  turrly  had  tJli* 
oouiHiy  su  much  reoMici  to  with  for  prane ;  never  «ra>  n  {icriiid  so  little 
Eivoiirablo  lo  a  mplure  with  Ptniicc,  or  with  any  power.  I  am  nut 
raadj  to  mibKribe  exactly  to  the  |>roprii'ly  of  a  tvaolution  never  to  go 
to  war  untcsa  we  are  attacked :  but  1  wwh  that  a  luoliun  was  profiotcd 
by  MMiM'  person  to  riprcn*  oar  diwpprubalion  of  entering  upon  any 
war,  if  wii  can  by  any  bonoarable  mran*  avoid  it.  Let  no  man  be  de- 
terred by  tba  dread  of  being  in  a  minority.  A  mtnority  tnvrd  lhi« 
country  from  a  war  ngainat  Kmwia.  And  *un-ly  it  Is  uitr  duty,  ua  it  is 
trua  policy,  to  exert  cirry  ni««nt  (o  avert  lliat  greotMt  of  nalional  ca- 
lanU**.  In  1789  we  all  muu  rrmnubi-r  that  Spain  provoknl  ikis 
COOMry  by  an  iiiaitlt,  which  is  a  real  aggrrssiue ;  we  were  all  agreed  on 
iha  iKccaaity  of  llie  case,  but  >tid  we  go  beadloflg  lo  war?  No '  wk 
dttemlned  with  bevoadng  funiiud*  on  an  arnwd  iwsMialion.  Wa  did 
negotiate,  ami  wc  avMtlrd  a  war.     But  now  «e  diMlain  to  m-gotlMf. 


Pkiltb.]  CHAXLKX  JAMKS  VOX.  17 

Why?  Because  »<■  luvc  no  niioUler  U  P>twI  Wby  have  we  no 
mioixter  thrro?  Brcnuin  Francr  ia  a  republic  I  Aud  to  wt  are  to 
pay  in  the  bloniJ  Anil  (rtasuri:  t)f  tlii*  people  fiuc  a  punclilio  I  If  lh«re 
Ml!  diicotitciiU  id  tlir  kiiiK^um,  Sir.  tliii  i*  the  way  to  iiiflaiue  iheni.  It 
in  of  pu  con5«queQC«  to  aiiy  people  what  Is  the  form  of  government 
with  whicU  they  may  have  to  treat;  it  it  with  ihe  goveroow,  whatever 
may  be  the  furni,  that  in  common  seoae  and  policy  ihey  can  have  to 
do,  and  if  lliey  tihould  change  their  form  and  change  their  governorii, 
their  covne  would  remain  the  aame.  llaring  no  l^itiniote  concern 
with  the  iuleraal  atate  of  any  indepetideot  people,  the  road  of  common 
•enae  ia  sLiople  and  direcL  That  of  pride  and  punctilio  i*  n*  tangled 
U  it  ia  aerpenline.  It  ibc  pretext  the  opening  of  ttir  .Sciicldt ?  I  can- 
not believe  thai  *uch  an  object  cnn  be  the  ml  cnniie.  I  doubt,  cvun  if 
a  war  on  lbi«  pretext  would  be  undertaken  with  the  approbation  of  the 
Dutch.  What  was  the  conduct  of  the  French  thcmsclvea  under  thiir 
depraved  old  *y*tem,  when  the  good  of  the  people  ni-vrr  entered  into 
the  contemplation  of  the  cabinet?  Tho  emperor  threatened  to  open 
Ihe  Scheldt  io  178ft.  Did  the  I'reneh  go  to  war  witli  him  iuRtautly  to 
prrTent  it?  No!  Ifaey  opmed  a  negotiation,  and  prt^vcnted  it  by  in- 
terfiiritig  with  tbrir  good  oHicr<>  Why  have  not  we  to  interfered  ? 
Bceauie,  fur«oolb,  France  U  au  nnonointed  republic !  Oh  I  miHrrable, 
infiituated  Frenchmen  I  Oh  I  lame  and  incoiuiderate  poliiiciann  I 
Why,  iuKiead  of  breaking  the  holy  vial  of  Itheims  why  did  you  not 
pour  lome  of  the  lacred  oil  on  the  head*  of  your  executive  council, 
that  the  pride  of  states  might  not  be  forced  to  plunge  ihemaelvea  and 
j'ou  into  Ihe  horror«  of  war,  rather  than  be  cootamionled  by  your  ac> 
<|uaintancel  The  people  will  not  be  chr«ted.  They  will  look  round 
aoil  demand  where  ihb  dan|;cr  ia  to  be  acen.  I»  it  in  England  ?  they 
aee  It  overflowing  iu  eKpreMioni  of  loyalty,  and  yet  they  libel  it  with 
imputations  of  nuorrection.  In  In-limd  yuu  know  there  i*  dotifter,  and 
;lare  not  own  iti  though  you  kuow  that  there  a  mo»  respectable  and 
fbrraldabk-  eonvcntiou  ([  call  it  furmidabk,  bccaaso  I  know  nothing  *o 
Ibnnldable  as  reaaon,  truth,  and  Justice)  will  oblige  you,  by  the  moat 
cog4-nt  rcuMUfl,  to  give  way  to  deuiands  which  the  magoaoimily  of  the 
natkin  ought  to  have  anticipated — in  justice  to  iubjectt  aa  attaclMd  to 
tbeir  king,  aa  abundantly  endowed  with  every  manly  virtue,  as  those  of 
BAy  pin  of  the  united  kingdom.  And  while  the  claims  of  geoeroua 
ud  ill-treated  niilllooi  arc  thiu  protracted,  there  ia  a  miserable  mouk- 
ftjr  held  ont  of  alarm*  in  Eoglanil  which  have  no  exbtenee,  but  which 
u«  Bade  the  pretext  of  aMcnibling  the  parliament  in  an  entraordinory 
tray,  in  onlcr  Jn  reality  to  engage  you  iu  a  foreign  conteal.  What 
must  be  Ihe  fatal  confe^jueoce  when  a  well-Judgiag  people  ahall  decide 
— what  I  tinccn'ly  believe— that  the  whole  of  this  butucaa  ■•  s  minia- 
tmial  manoiuvrc  ?  A  noble  lord  «aya  he  will  move  for  ft  •uapeneloD  of 
the  habea*  eorpu*  act-  I  hope  not!  I  have  a  high  re*p«et  (or  lh« 
noble  lord ;  but  no  motive  of  penonal  reapcot  shall  make  me  ioBtlcntive 
to  my  duly.  Come  front  whom  it  may,  I  ahall,  with  my  moft  deter- 
mittrd  power*,  oppoM  ao  dreadful  a  mraaure.  What,  it  may  be  luked, 
would  I  propose  to  do  in  hour*  of  aKiialion  like  tht^  present?  I  will 
aiikwer  openly.  If  there  is  a  tendency  in  the  diucnter*  to  difcontent, 
beeauM!  (hey  eoncetve  themselves  unjustly  luspeclrd  and  cruelly  ealum- 
uiaicd.  what  ahould  I  do  ?  1  would  instantly  repeal  tbe  teat  and  our- 
vtt.  g 


16 


mLrrictt  aBKiKa. 


(Nmn  '' 


]Mnikiu  ids,  «iid  ui«  froiu  Iticm  tli«r«by  all  ctuse  of  cotnpIuiDi.  U 
tlivt*  irti*  nny  penoM  tineturml  witli  a  ivpuUican  apirii,  becuuie  tbey 
Ikought  dial  ili«  reprnentative  go*rnimeBt  WM  mora  perfect  is  a  re- 
pubttr,  I  voulii  radMinnr  Ut  tam^td  the  fopwmUtioo  of  the  comnont, 
aixl  to  prov«  iImi  I|i«  bouM  of  eooimons,  Ihnugh  not  chowo  hj  oil, 
•hould  hif«>  no  Alh^r  lotfvpal  (Irnii  to  prove  Juctf  the  reprMcntaiivir  of 
bII.  If  ihvTi)  were  nmn  diuitkAi'il  in  ScoiIbriI,  or  Irplaml,  or  e)t«- 
vbrrr.  on  accDunt  o(  diubililini  and  rxriuptioiu.  of  unjnit  prrjiidicM, 
■ml  ofrroH  mtriciion*.  1  would  rrpnnl  the  prnal  ■Intuin.  which  arr  a 
dngrarc  (i>  our  law-lionk.  If  there  weiv  olbrr  complaiDta  of  grieraac**, 
I  woukl  mlnM*  tlirm  wberc  th^y  vcte  rrally  prorcil ;  but,  aboTs  all,  I 
wotitil  comtantly,  diMTfully.  putientlr  listen — I  would  malic  it  knou'R, 
Ibiit  if  any  msii  felt,  or  thought  be  (vlt,  n  Krieraiic«,  bn  iniyht  f^nini? 
frmly  to  lh«  b«r  of  lliii  house  aod  briiii;  liis  proolit,  And  it  shoaU  be 
nadf  nwnirnt  to  all  tfai'  world,  thit  where  they  did  exist  ihiy  should 
bv  redreMed;  wber«  th*'y  did  not.  that  It  obould  be  made  nmiiilest.  If 
I  were  to  iuoe  a  proclunalion,  Ibit  abuuld  be  itiy  proclunMion— '  If 
auy  man  baa  k  gnenace^  let  him  bring  it  to  the  bar  of  line  conmunB' 
bmiae  of  pttriiaineiil,  with  the  Arm  penuauoo  of  liai  iag  it  hoBeatly  in* 
VMllgated.'  l'he*e  are  the  »ub<tidie*  thai  1  would  final  to  f[oveni- 
OMllt.  What  iiutciil  of  thi*  it  done?  Suppreat  the  eooiplaiiit.-^ 
check  the  ctreulation  of  kno*  ledger— ^omotand  that  do  mait  sh^ll  i^od, 
^-or,  thai  aa  no  man  under  one  hondred  pound*  a  year  <.-au  kill  a  par- 
tridgei  that  no  man  under  twenty  pauBili  or  thirty  pouitd*  ahall  dare  to 
md  or  ihmb ! 

"  I  loTc  the  eoa»lilutian  ■■  it  is  estahliihrd.'  be  ci>nti«Dcd,  **  ii  h« 
grown  up  with  Mi«  as  a  prejudiee  &nd  as  a  babtt,  &•  well  m  Irom  eo«- 
rlctlon-  I  know  it  ••  cal«uUlcii  for  the  happitina  of  nian,  luid  that  iu 
coiMilurnt  ttranrhe*  of  kiii^,  lonb,  and  eammoM  could  not  he  alteml 
or  Impairvd  withoat  entailing  on  this  country  the  mo*!  drrailfiil  mi*v 
rm.  It  M  the  beet  atlaplett  to  Bngland,  beeaute,  aa  the  noble  earl 
truly  Mid,  the  fwopk  of  Knglanil  think  it  the  be*t :  and  the  cofi-M 
floUTM  b  to  coMult  tho  jvdgiBfM  and  gintily  the  predilroiinna  of  a 
emiMTj.  Haaitily  cenHnoed  ■•  I  uo.  howner,  thai  lo  »eeure  the 
pi-are,  alrriigth,  and  l(a)>pliim  of  Ibii  country,  wo  mutt  maintain  the 
eolHItlulioo  aKBiliFt  alt  iniiovntion,  yet  I  do  iiiit  think  ao  highly  and  m- 
pemltlmuly  of  injr  huaian  inMiiution  ai  to  bellere  it  ■■  ineapable  of 
bcbig  perrcrtarf  t  a*  tht  e^intmry,  I  Mieve  that  it  require*  an  incrt**- 
fcig  vigilancv  on  the  |)att  of  the  people  to  pntent  the  di-cny  mid  dibipi- 
ditkma  lo  which  every  adtflce  is  itit^rel.  I  think  loo  ihni  wr  may  lir 
laid  Bilerp  to  our  real  danger  by  tbrsr  perptiBol  ilarmt  to  loyally, 
wliiek,  in  my  opinion,  arv  daily  tapping  |Im>  eonsitiulion.  L'nihr  tlw 
jmrtelt  of  gnardins  il  frum  llie  utiaults  of  repoUican*  and  levrllrra,  we 
nm  the  lianrd  of  levying  it  open  on  tlio  other  and  UMre  feeble  Mr, 
Wc  are  l«d  insecuihiy  to  iha  oppoaite  danger, — that  of  increasin);  Ihe 
power  of  the  crowti.  ami  of  def^ding  ihr  inRuencir  of  the  houM  of 
eWBMiona.  Lei  ai  only  luuk  bai-k  to  tht  whole  courM:  of  the  praaent 
•rfatnlatratlon,  and  wp  »hall  ae«  that  Irom  thair  oatsrt  lo  Ihe  piraent 
day.  II  liaa  bevn  their  intarlahit  object  lo  degrwic  the  bontr  of  com- 
oion*  III  ihe  eye*  of  lb*  prople,  and  to  ilinilnith  lt>  power  and  intlueitee 
in  every  puwible  way.  Il  was  nut  merely  in  the  oobei  of  tbcir  oarerr. 
wlirn  thry  atood  tip  agninat  the  declared  voire  of  the  hooar  «f  conHMiM. 


k 


» 


N 


Fsuw;  CIIAaLBS  JAMKS  FOX.  19 

■hat  tbii  ipiril  was  mtoifealnli — but  uniformly,  progrcMiTcly  tlirougti 
tlutir  wbote  niin»lry.  tlio  fniDe  Hupo^iEion  bai  been  (Iidwd,  until  at  laat 
it  came  Ui  it*  liill  uiidiiguiK'd  ilr-iuoaalfalion  on  tlii.'  cjuc^lioti  of  thiQ 
Ituwian  war,  wbco  ibc  bouiw  oi'  coiumoiis  wiu  ilcKriulcd  lu  Ihu  lowest 
BtiUe  vf  innigDilicuiicr  bdiI  coni<  mp(,  in  bcinj;  inodi;  U)  retract  il*  oirn 
worxiii,  and  tu  ackiiunlcdge  thiit  it  ivui  of  no  cuiitrquciiui-  or  avail  vrbat 
vera  Ua  •entidieul*  un  any  tinv  iai-a»urv.  Tlie  aiinislcr  ht*  ngulu\y 
acted  upoa  tUid  wri  of  |iriii«i|>tf.  lu  tli«  vilificaiiou  or  the  |iopuliir 
braodi  uf  ilie  coiwtimiioa.  \Vli«l  i>  this  but  U>  make  it  ap|»cur  tbot 
the  fioitw  of  cocnmunn  ia  iu  n«liiy  wliat  TlioKms  P^ine,  aud  writcra 
Wkt  liim.  My  it  is.  uamely,  that  it  it  not  itie  true  r^preavuinlive  uiid  or* 
gnn  of  lh«  praple-  b  it  nU  vivoAerdil  tbal  all  tli«  true  coiiMiiultou&l 
vatclifulnrM  of  England  Uioiild  1m  d(*d  to  the  only  true  danger  ikat 
tbc  day  psbibitt ;  and  thai  tlk«y  aliould  be  rouKd  only  by  the  Idiotic 
cUtnnur  oi  rrpuMicaD  frenzy,  and  of  popular  ioBurrecIiOD  which  do  not 
cti«t  7 

"  Sir,'  hi-  ronclud^d,  "I  hstve  done  my  doly.  I  bavo^wiili  the 
curtaioty  of  espoaing  mysoir  to  Ibc  furor  of  tlie  day — delivered  my 
oyiiiion  at  niors  Iragtli  thfto  I  intended ;  and  perhaps  1  have  intruded 
too  long  on  tho  indulgnnco  of  the  boii*):.  I  bnve  cndcnvourtd  to  per- 
Miade  you  oj^inU  tbc  iodacmt  iiovtu  of  coinmittinji  yountckp*  to  thew 
MKeriiooi  uf  ao  exuting  insurroclion,  until  you  diuU  uuko  a  rigotnu* 
inquiry  where  it  i>  to  be  found:  to  avoid  involving  the  peuple  in  the 
ralaniiiy  of  a  war.  without  at  lea^t  atcerlaiuini;  lh«  JnUrnal  Uale  of  llie 
fciii|>iloni,  and  present  at  from  falling  into  ibe  disgrace  of  beiagf  a* 
hen-lufore^  obliged  perbaps  in  a  week  to  retract  «r«ry  vj-llable  that  ve 
ara  iraw  called  upoi)  to  aay." 

He  coiK-ludcd  with  moviog  an  amendmcBt.  niniply  pledfiiun  the 
liouM,  "ilial  inquiry  iJiouM  be  mada  into  the  fucU  btattd  iu  \ti»  uui- 
jiaty'a  apeeck." 

in  tbc  debate  «f  the  lat  of  Febrvory.  1703,  on  I'ltt  moving  on  ad- 
drew  of  thaak*  tu  bb  niiyraly.  Fox,  after  arguing  ibnt  no  ju»t  pretext 
lor  going  to  war  with  l-'rance  existed,  iKid;  "  Tlut  w<r  wo*  uiyust 
which  told  not  as  cnepiy  the  giound  nf  provonilion,  anil  ibc  incacarc 
of  alonelBDnt :  it  Wm  a*  impolitic  as  utiJuU, — tor  vitlioul  tbc  object  of 
COatrat  cWurly  and  dellnllely  Mal'tl.  nbnt  uprniii^  could  tbrre  bu  for 
IrcUiMg  of  peuc^  ?  Before  going  to  war  uitb  France,  surrly  the  people 
who  mwftt  pay  and  miTrr,  ou|iht  to  bu  informed  mi  what  object  Ibcy 
were  la  Hx  their  bofw*  fi>r  it>  honouraUu  tcr minattufi '  After  Ave  oi 
*>jt  yeata'  war,  the  French  iiii|:bt  agree  to  evacuule  the  Netjierlanda  a* 
the  |ir)C«  of  peace :  hs«  It  clear  thai  they  would  not  do  ao  now,  if  we 
wohU  coudnccnd  \o  propose  it  in  intelligible  tenns?  Snrely  in  luch 
an  alteraative,  (he  espcnnieni  was  worth  trying.  But  ibro  ue  hod  ik> 
trcurily  agaiaat  the  Frinch  principles :— -What  security  would  tli<-T  be 
abia  tit  give  ui,  nftcr  n  war.  ahich  thry  could  not  give  now?  If  tlirrp 
wrra  any  danger  from  French  prii>ei]Acs.  to  go  to  war  without  neeca* 
sity  waa  to  (ighl  for  their  pru|inf:alion.  On  these  principles  m  repro- 
bated in  the  pTDposL-d  aildr*v,  be  woultl  Irei-ly  give  his  opinion.  It 
not  the  prinriplcs  iliat  were  bad  uiid  to  bo  rrprobulcd,  but  the 
abuse  of  thrm:  from  tbe  abuse,  not  the  principlos.  biul  lliiwcd  all  the 
evils  that  >lllicif.-d  Fraiie*.  The  use  of  the  word  n/ttaHty  by  (he 
Frcndi  was  dexucd  highly  objecliouble-     When  taken  as  they  nicMt 


M 


rOLITICAL  IMIU. 


|Kin>         ^ 


it,  nolbing  «iu  more  innocent;  lor  whktt  did  tUry  uy?  'oil  aieo  arc 
rquol  in  rapcct  of  lli^ir  ri|[bt«.'  To  tliii  lie  axculrd ;  all  laeu  liwl 
tqaol  ri;;liU. — U)ual  rights  lu  uorquaJ  lliingi;  one  man  tu  a  sbJIIiiif;, — 
another  to  a  thouaand  pouudi;  one  idbu  to  a  cottagr, — aiiulli«r  to  a 
pdftce  ;  but  ih«  right  ID  bolh  mai  lh«  tame, — an  equal  right  of  enjoy- 
ngi  an  equal  rif;ht  of  inheriting  or  acquiring, — and  of  poMn»ing  in- 
berhance  or  acquitilion.  Tbe  (fleet  of  l)i«  propoacd  addroM  van  to 
coademn,  not  tbe  abiue  of  tbote  principles, — and  the  l^r«ncb  had  nmch 
•bu*ed  ibem, — but  tbe  principles  thcmiirlvc*.  To  thi*  h«  could  not 
•annl,  for  tli^jr  were  the  prlnciplrs  on  which  all  junt  and  nguitablu 
p>T«ranicnt  wai  (bunded.  He  hail  already  differed  luHicicntly  trilh  a 
ri^hl  honourablr  gcnllcnan  (Burke)  on  llib  *ubject,  to  yx*h  not  to  pro* 
voice  anj  fre*h  diffrrencc;  bul,CTCD  againatMi  great  an  aulhorily,  hcmuM 
my,  that  the  people  are  the  •orcrei};na  in  erery  (tale ;  that  they  have  u 
right  to  change  the  form  of  llwirgoveniment.  and  aright  to  cashier  ibvtr 

foTcmor*  for  nncooduct,  as  the  peupk'  of  this  couotrf  cashiered  JaniM 
I., — not  by  parliunicnt,  or  any  rrgular  fomi  known  to  the  coiislilulioD, 
but  by  a  convention  tpeakiiiK  ihe  srnse  or  the  peojile;  thai  eonvradoo 
proiinced  a  parliameut  and  a  kiug.  They  eleeted  Willlain  to  a  *mibI 
throaty  not  only  letiiog  aside  Jantea— it  Ijomi  ihey  had  justly  cashierrd 
fer  BltoMllduct-— but  hi*  innocent  ton.  Again  ihey  eltdird  the  hoiMc 
of  Brunswick,  not  iadivldualty,  but  by  dynasty  ^  and  that  dy natty  to 
continue  while  tlie  lenus  and  conditions  on  which  il  was  elected  are 
fi)fil)ed,  and  no  longer.  He  could  not  admit  tbe  right  of  doiHg  all  thia 
but  by  acknowledging  tbe  toverclgoty  of  tbe  people  na  paramount  to  all 
other  tawa-  But  it  was  Mid,  that  nhbov^  wc  had  once  exercised  tbia 
power,  we  liad  in  the  rrry  art  of  «iMeauDg  it,  rcmjiiricnl  il  for  fver. 
Wc  bad  Bcilbcr  renounced  it.  nor,  ir  we  had  been  lo  diiposrd,  was 
neb  a  renunciation  in  our  power.  Wc  elected  tint  an  individual,— 
then  B  dynasty, — and  la*tly,  paMcd  an  act  of  parliaincDt  in  ilie  rrign  of 
qocrn  Anne,  drclaring  il  to  be  ibc  right  of  the  people  of  this  realm  to 
do  so  again  iritbout  even  auigning  a  reason.  If  there  were  any  per- 
toil*  among  u*  who  doubled  Uie  ntprrior  wiMtoin  of  oar  mooarchioal 
ftirm  of  goTemmenl,  ibeir  error  wai  owing  lo  those  who  changed  iia 
atrony  and  irrerrngable  feoBdaiion  in  tbe  right  and  choice  of  the  peopta 
lo  a  iDore  flinuy  ground  of  lille.  Tlie  jiuiiM>le  ground*  of  war,"  be 
fet]g«*(li  "  wvre  in*ull,  injnrj',  or  danger.  For  the  flrrt,  aatiabctioa ; 
Ibr  ifca  MeoBd,  reparation;  for  the  ihinl,  security,  waa  tli*  otyaot. 
Eadi  of  thtac  too  was  the  proper  object  of  ncgotiaiion,  wkidi  oaghl 
c*er  to  prrectb-  war,  except  in  rase  of  an  attacfc  artnally  eoauMDOM. 
How  had  we  negotiated  ?  \\'hrn  the  triple  Icagae  was  formed  to  deck 
tbe  unbltion  of  Look  XIV.,  ibe  contracting  parties  did  not  deal  to 
rlgoraiMly  by  him  aa  we  were  now  told  it  was  Mieniial  to  Ihc  peace 
of  Europe  that  we  abouM  deal  by  the  Fmich.  They  never  told  Loaia 
that  be  mutt  rtOMBCe  all  lilt  conqiw^tt,  in  order  lo  obtain  peace. 
Bui  then  il  (H  uM  to  be  our  doly  to  iiau>  ibe  Fmich  for  ibe  part 
lliey  look  in  the  American  war. — llr  had  heard  of  a  duty  lo  love,  bat 
a  d«ty  to  liate  waa  new  to  him.  I'ltat  duty,  bowever,  ought  to  direct 
o«r  hairvd  le  tbe  old  gorpreiiienl  of  France,  not  lo  ibe  new,  wludi 
bad  BO  band  in  tbe  provocation.  Unfonunaiely  Ihe  new  French 
fioverawiml  was  adinituxl  to  lie  the  sue<nM>r  of  tbe  old  in  nothing  but 
II*  halta  and  tta  olfeacea.     Ii  wat  a  tucccator  tu  be  bated  and  lo  bt 


L 


CHAKLb  JAUtM  rox.  <A 

warml  ai^iiitt ;  but  it  was  not  a  Juccpssor  to  bo  tief^iiatcd  with,  lie 
feared,  liow<rver,  tlial  war  would  be  the  rtsull;  and  from  war  appn^- 
htnditig  greater  evila  than  he  duTBl  tmnie,  lie  tboald  liavc  tlirutik  frum 
hi*  dutj'  SF  fae  had  not  endeavoured  lo  oblain  an  espOMlioa  of  ibe  dii- 
tinci  enoRes.  Of  nil  war*  hedroaded  that  the  mo*t  which  had  no  defi- 
nite objeel,  becjiuie  of  Kuch  a  war  it  was  impOMible  to  laee  the  end. 
Our  war  with  America  had  a  drfiniic  ohjeci, — mi  UDJust  one  Indeed) 
bat  *till  ilefiniiei  and  aftitr  wading  through  years  on  year*  of  espeiMe 
and  blood,  aDer  ciihaustinK  invective*  and  (rrm*  of  contempt  on  (ha 
vagrant  eongn-H,  one  Adain*,  one  Wa^hingion,  &<!,  &c.,  we  were 
conijiell<'d  111  last  to  trrnt  with  this  very  congre***  and  thoic  very  men. 
The  Anierieaiis,  to  the  lioitour  of  thr-lr  ehametrr,  commilled  no  inch 
borrid  acta  as  had  (liBfjRiced  the  Freiirfa  i  but  wd  were  a*  lihrml  of  our 
oblofjuy  to  the  runix-r  lli<fO  an  lo  ilie  laltpr  nuu'.  l(  we  did  but  know 
ftir  what  we  were  to  6ght,  »e  niif-ht  luok  forward  with  eonfidence,  and 
exert  ounwives  with  unanimity;  bnl  while  Icrpt  thus  in  the  dark,  honr 
nany  might  (here  not  be  who  would  believe  that  we  were  fichttag  thn 
battles  of  detpolitm?  To  undt-eeive  those  who  might  All  into  thin  un- 
happy detuMOn,  it  would  be  no  derogation  from  the  dignity  of  office  lo 
grant  an  eaplanation." 

In  the  eour«e  of  this  yt«r,  a  Dicdting  of  noblemen  and  (•eniletneo 
look  pUce  in  London  tor  the  purpoM:  of  exprming  their  ^mlltude  to 
Mr  Fox  for  h>»  exiTliona  in  opj)o»inK  the  war  with  France,  and  their 
adininiiioii  of  the  lalenti  and  consiateocy  be  had  displayed  thmngbont 
along  political  career.  It  was  reioln-d  lo  purchiue  (or  Mr  Vox  a 
handtome  tuiuulty,  which,  it  wat  well-known,  his  circum.iianer*  re- 
quir^d.  In  reply  lo  the  pre)  I  mi  nary  coinniuiiimlun  from  tlir  commit' 
tee  appointed  lo  carr;-  thia  mraiure  into  effect,  Mr  I'oi  addreaaed  the 
fallowing  niaoly  letter  lo  it*  cbiimian,  Serjeant  Adair : 

•■  »r  Axwa'a  HiLL,  J^iti  SM,  I  Tii3. 
•*  Hear  Sir,— Vou  will  easily  believe  that  it  is  not  a  mere  form  of 
wnrda^  when  I  say,  (hat  I  am  wholly  at  a  Iom  how  (o  cupresa  my  feel- 
inga  upoD  [lie  event  which  you  have  in  so  kind  a  manner  eommuuicaied 
to  m*^  In  difBcult  CAtet  it  i«  not  unu#nal  to  Inquire  what  others  have 
aaU  or  done  la  like  elrcumittancr* ;  but.  In  my  situation,  thja  reoouree 
ia  denied  mei  for  where  am  I  to  look  for  an  instance  of  sucli  a  proof  of 
publk  eateem,  aa  that  which  b  offered  to  mc?  To  receive  at  once 
from  the  public  such  a  tculimony  of  the  disinlerentetlncw  of  my  eon- 
duel,  and  «ach  a  reward  aa  the  moat  interested  would  think  their  lives 
well-«prnt  in  obtaining,  i*  a  rare  instance  of  felicity  which  vein*  (a 
liave  been  rcaerved  fur  me.  It  wvuld  be  groaa  afl*ectation,  if.  in  my 
cirrumatanci-*.  I  were  to  prrlcod  tliat  what  t*  intetided  me  ii  not  in  il- 
aelfof  the  highest  value.  But  il  ia  with  perfect  ainccrily  that  I  declare, 
Hiot  DO  mauiMr  in  which  a  fortune  could  have  cotDe  to  mc,  would  liavc 
been  m  gratifying  to  the  feelln|;s  of  my  heart,  I  accept,  llirrefore, 
wllb  the  moM  sincere  grntilude.  the  kindness  of  (be  public:  and  con- 
•ilhtr  It  a*  an  additional  obligation  upon  me,  if  any  were  wanting,  to 
continue  atendy  to  the  prineiplea  which  I  have  uniformly  profeue<l; 
and  lo  pi'tacvcre  to  the  boiicat  aod  independi-nl  line  of  conduct,  to  which 
alone  I  am  coiueinu*  thai  I  am  indebted  for  this,  ai  well  as  fiir  every 
Other  mark  uf  jiublic  approbation,     I  hope  I  need  not  addi  nty  dear 


Kir. 


SS  PObirtCAL  •»■■•.  (NivTu 

I  Sir.  tlut  I  cmild  not  bava  rMwivtd  tiu«  houimrsble  tDeaMgC  tlirougli  a 
Ljuorf  Bcccpcabic  cbaoiii-L     1  gm,  tkc." 

la  17{l€  Fox  vu  ^ain  drclMl  for  \Vc*tniii»>tFr.  Id  the  tonne  of 
Ihe  atxt  yrar.  W  a  pri<rjr-«oun«ilIar.  hr.  obuiord  an  miilicnce  of  ih« 
kill;;,  a.tid  rciirMrnteil  iv  liim  ia  VDcr^cIic  iangniiKc  the  alarming  date 
of  tbv  kJDgdoiDiaDd  tlir  Dccvwily  uf  adopiinjt  public  airamrr*  coocriml 
ill  B  diAereot  ttolin  of  policy  from  iIiom-  uon  pursuing;  by  liia  niniitcn. 
8otm  >ft«r  lliw.  finding  liimwlf  supjHirii-d  onl)-  by  u  ntnatl  intuorily  of 
tlia  bowr,  be,  and  hU  principaJ  potilic^l  rriciKis,  M.-<;i-di-d  fruui  parlia* 
■inil.  He  paMcd  the  yean  from  1797  to  180j  cbicDy  in  ili«  r^lirc- 
Bi*ii(  of  hi*  litil«  Mtablitliinroi  at  St  ADue*B  hilL  "  I  kaew  Mr  FoXt" 
My*  Mr  Trolter,  wbo  tar  ionic  ytar*  nrlcd  aa  bit  priiale  MCKtarj,  "at 
a  pcrioti  wiivn  hit  glorir*  brgan  lo  brighirn, — nbeo  a  pli(lo«ophical  asd 
noble  lictrfvinaiion  bnd,  for  a  coMiilerublc  linic,  indaced  liim  to  re- 
nuuiiCG  tlie  capiiTalinf;  allurrmcati  uhI  amuxrincnu  o(  fasbioDable  life, 
—and  when,  roif^iioi;  btiiucif  lo  ronl  plraiurra,  iloointic  rvtirrmaul, 
and  Itletsry  punuila,  Ik-  bvomv  a  tirw  man,  or,  milxr  toon  ju*tly  may 
1  MjTi  be  tvtuninl  to  Uie  notid  rnjuyiuriil  uf  a  tm>(|uU,  yet  rclincil, 
rumi  life)  from  utii«h  lie  bad  bvm  avrbilr  wiilidniwti,  but  had  atrvr 
bMO  aUeaued.'"  **  TL«  dniuMtio  liti.'  of  Mr  Fox,"  tay>  Mr  T^  *■  ua* 
equally  n-gular  and  nf,Ti-trablc.  In  summi-r,  hi-  aro>e  bvtoiit  mi  ami 
MTveo ;  in  wintur,  briutr  ui;-liL  Tb«  awiduoui  core  uud  exci'Ueul  mou- 
agcin«nt  of  Mn  Fos  reudnvd  hi*  rural  nuotioii  the  abodu  of  pcac^ 
eU-gancp,  nnd  order,  aod  had  lung  ptocuivd  lur  the  gratiludo  aud  fv 
Irrm  of  tiMMC  privalc  frif  Mia  vboMr  vi«iii  to  Mr  Fox,  in  hii  rdirruicnt 
at  St  Auiie'a  lltit,  uiutJi-  ihi-w  tlw  wittti'xu.-)  of  tlu*  ainiabic  worono'a 
rxrni|ilary  eooducl.  I  confcM  I  rairitd  «itb  bm  aocnr  of  ibc  rulgar 
prrjadicM  mjirctioc  ibi*  (treat  oiao.  How  oonplctrly  wo*  i  uiiid<'- 
cciredl  Alter  I>reak(iul,  ufaicb  took  place  brtutixl  eight  and  nine  in 
UiC  •smuer,  and  a  litlh-  uAi-r  niuc  in  aiutrr.  lie  uvually  read  ■omi- 
Italiao  autluir  nith  Mr«  Fox,  and  tlieo  ipi-nt  ihc  lime  prtceiJiii|;  diuutr 
Id  hi*  literal}'  duiiic*.  in  winch  tbr  Gr<-ek  pueU  bore  a  princi|>*l  part. 
A  fragal  but  plentiful  dioocr  look  place  nt  three,  or  balf-pont  loo,  in 
•uiumt-r,  ahd  at  lour  iu  winter,  aixl  a  few  fii'**'*  <^  *■"*  *c^  followed 
by  colTee.  The  evening  wa«  dedicated  tu  walking  and  conii-rMtion  till 
Ira-tiiui*.  wlicti  reading  aloud  in  hitilory  e««uisrDce«l,  and  coaliourd  till 
urar  Irii.  A  light  *Mppcr  of  fruit,  pa*try,  or  aomething  eery  trifling 
finithed  the  day :  and  at  half-pokt  ten  ibe  family  were  gone  U>  ml. 
Tlii*,  w*  learn,  wa*  Uie  diurnal  *yMciii  of  a  nian  wlioie  gaiety,  prr1ia]W 
eufgeiBled,  «a*  ooce  the  thcnir  of  every  tongue,  but  who,  ci-rtainly, 
wbca  liiemiBg  the  crntrml  point  of  (mic  putilical  brmiipbi're,  could  imc, 
liowcver  lie  wight  with  to  thrnik  (toai  the  continaal  Mretch  of  tnciUal 
eneii^,  and  paat  fcr  a  pbiloaophieal  rvtrcM,  at  a  leaa  piice  tiian  tbt 
■bandonment  of  bia  coanealon*.  obtain  it" 

Id  July.  19US,  Mr  and  Mr*  Fox  *cl  oat  lor  Parla.     Hia  puincipal 
ot^rel  ia  tliii  lialt  waa  lo  examine  mairriala  tor  hia  pra^Mled  hbtorical 
work  OB  the  reign  of  Jatnet  11,  whieb  were  depoiltaa  la  iha  Scotch  col- 
there,     lie  was  reoeieed  with  grtst  coartevy   asd  cvrn  pablic 
lOBiMir*.     Ob  hi*  eainlng  the  tbaatrv,  **  every  eye  waa  fiu-d  on  htiBf 


PM*t*ia-HM*lM««iUUlM>  Y«u»«<th*ltlflil  IJ«B.  OarlN  JtMR  rta>* 


PlIIOO.]  CHAXLU  JAMBU  WOX.  S8 

aad  trtry  tOa([ne  rMounilnii,  Foi  I  Fox  t  Tbe  irhole  auili^noc  itoml 
npi  aixl  the  applnuM.-  ww  uoivenal.  He  aloni-,  to  n  Iioai  ail  ibi*  nd- 
tnimtloa  was  pakl.  «ru  embanawed.  Hi<  rheuils  were  tn^tifiiril  by  (he 
honour  bestowed  on  Ifiis  gn»t  nun  by  a  forei;^,  aiid.  till  htaly.  )iu«tilc 
prople.  It  wa»  llt«l  re«*rd  wtiich  rravnrd  beads  csnnot  purL'liane — • 
Tt^jK^t  nnd  gretitadfl  fron  hU  frllow-men  for  iiH  eiertJons  in  Tavour  or 
hinnnnitv."  Flo  wM  introdacrd  to  Biinnapnrtii  by  lh«  Uritwh  niubw- 
Hdor.  ;Mr  Trollcr  tha*  dMO.ribM  tfir  inlrrvww  of  tbciw  two  gmt 
'ISpd:  "We  trnch«<l  thi-  interior  nparcmctit  vlirrr  Buonnpiurtc,  fintt 
cotiBul.  Kirninnded  by  hit;  prnrrnln,  ininiiiti^r).  M-natarK,  and  oJHccn, 
slootl  Ix-lwixl  the  ■reond  and  (liini  <.>i>niDb,  Lc  iitun,  and  Ciunbi.-re<'n-i, 
in  tlic!  eenim  of  u  icmiclrrle,  at  thi!  bmd  of  tbc  mom  I  Tli<r  nunicruu* 
aut^mbUgr  from  Snilr  lira  Acnbaiiad(;un  fornicd  into  ouother  »ciui* 
eirak,  joined  (linnM-lvrt  In  iliat  ut  the  brad  of  wbicb  stuud  tbe  lint 
coo«ul.  Buonaparte,  of  a  >mall,  mod  by  no  oicann  CMnmaiidiii);  Ggure. 
drtkied  plainly,  llioagb  richly,  in  ib«  embruidcrvd  cousuUr  coat,  with- 
out powdn-  in  liis  buir,  looknl,  at  first  vivw,  lik«  a  private  gemlenian, 
indilferent  ai  to  drp»,  aail  devoid  of  oU  liaughtineM  iu  bis  air.  Tliu 
two  consul*,  large  and  b«ivy  men,  >e«aii'd  pdlan  loo  ctinibrous  to  tu[i- 
|)ort  ihemAelvcH,  nnd,  dnring  the  Itvee,  were  Mdly  at  a  lou  vhat  to  do, 
— nhrlber  ibe  unulf-boi  or  poclu-t-hnndkrrrhid  nu  to  be  appealtHl  to, 
or  the  left  leg  exchanged  liir  the  tight.  Tlic  iDomcnt  the  circle  via* 
fivmcd,  Buonaptrtt  brgiui  with  llic  SpsxiisJi  aailMoaador ;  tlieu  went  to 
lliv  American,  with  wbuin  be  tpoke  houio  lime,  and  no  on,  prrronuiug 
hi*  |Kin  with  caM',  and  vi-ry  af[T«eably,  until  bo  eunie  to  the  EnKlisb 
ambajsador.  who,  afirr  tli«  prMMiiatiuo  of  »oiiie  EngliiJi  aotikuivii, 
aiinouni-«d  to  liim  Mr  Fox.  He  was  a  good  deal  Hurried,  and,  oAi-r 
indicating  ronaklnrabi*  Amotion,  xrry  rapidly  Mid:  -All,  Mr  Fox,  I 
bavc  beard  wilk  plcwtre  of  your  anivol  i  [  havr  desired  much  to  mr 
you;  I  Imva  long  ndmirrd  in  yoa  tlic  orator  and  I'rii-cd  of  liii  country, 
who,  in  ColUUtilly  rairins  hi*  voice  for  pr«cc.  cuniiiUeil  tliat  counlry'i 
bri-t  intfn'tti — ihone  of  F.urope — and  of  tli«  liiitnau  race.  Thu  two 
pval  nnlion* of  Kuropn  nvguirc  peace;  lliey  have  iiuiliin)t  to  fvar;  lh«y 
ouftht  to  unitenianil  and  value  one  Bnoili<.T.  In  yuu,  Mr  Fox,  1  itcn 
with  Much  Mliafoclion  that  grrat  ilaleainau.  who  recommended  peseo 
beeautc  then-  was  no  jiut  object  lor  war, — who  taw  Europe  dfiolaled 
to  no  purpote,  and  wIm  (trugglcd  Kir  its  relti'll'  Mr  Fox  nid  lillie  or 
rather  nothing  in  reply :  to  a  oomplimeoiary  addrou  to  Uniaeir  be 
alwaya  feuMl  invincihle  repugaaooe  to  anaw«r,  nur  did  be  beUow  one 
word"  cxproNvc  "of  admiration  or  applauM  upon  tbe  extraordinary 
and  elontud  character  whu  addressed  him.  A  frw  quotiona  and  an- 
»mtn  relative  lo  Mr  Fo»*«  lour  terminated  ih«  iut*n'i*w." 

After  the  renewal  of  the  war,  he  again  wilhdmw  into  at^liuiou  at 
8l  Anne'*  Hill :  but.  on  the  ditmiutil  of  lli«  Adtliaglon  udniinitlration, 
and  ilw  RMtiBptioa  of  power  by  Pilt,  b?  oii«e  more  tlood  forth  lo  con- 
front and  oppoae  bk  gnat  rival.  On  ibe  death  of  liia  iUuatriow  tat- 
UgoalM,  Pox  coaleaced  wltb  Grenvtile,  and  acrepted  the  ofliee  of 
•MMtkryofuale  farftraiga  affair*.  "  I  aro."  »ay«  Mr  Trotter,  "much 
Endioed  to  (hink  that  Mr  Vox  bad  determined  to  dievote  liioiself  to  hia- 
tory  previously  to  Mr  Pilt'a  clealh ;  nor  do  1  ihioli  that  event  would 
have  aimed  hia  intrntion.  unkia  ilie  voice  i>r  the  people  reaching  the 
Ibroae  had  coiM-nrrtd  in  arcing  placed  at  ibe  iivwd  o(  tbe  miniatijr  a 


M  FOLiriCAI.  HKIH.  lNl»T> 

tiienA  to  tbe  juat  Miuilibrium  betaeen  refal  autboritjr  and  popnbr 
right*,  «  man  uf  coiniuai^diiig  );«niuit  and  eitrasiva  knovlcdge.  A»- 
(oilrd,  boucvi>r,  by  pemiaMOii>  and  vUling  (ofocriflcc  buown  ofiiniuM 
fur  the  i;ikmI  or  hh  eoaatry,  kw  judgncnt  soil  feeling*  gmrr  «*)',  and 
hie  voateMfd  lo  take  put  of  tbc  minuiry,  ia  conjunction  «iib  Lord 
Grvuville."  Doubil««»  hia  deairv  U>  ncgoiiftle  b  peace  (or  hii  reunify 
funnoil  a  prevailing  iDOliTe  with  bim  in  again  rntrring  upoa  tbc  UMt 
of  public  life :  and,  iRdcod.  before  iIm-  (yniptomi  gf  tltnl  dinaaw  which 
Ivmiinated  bb  lil<'  bad  mnnifciird  llirin*rl*r«  in  hi*  coiinlilutioo.  be  had 
Im^ud  a  negolinlion  for  lliat  oiain  objrcl  of  lii*  pact  rffuru.  I'bp  com- 
plaint or  which  be  dird  ttiu  dmpsy,  hiuttcncd,  no  doubt,  if  not  aJtogtiher 
oc<*s*oa«d,  by  the  fatigue*  of  oflin-.  and  tbc  banning  nature  of  (hat 
warfiire  wbipfa  night  ahrt  night  be  wo*  called  npon  to  iiu»Iaiii  in  the 
hcuM-  ngainit  bb  political  oppunrnts.  We  ■boll  lu-rc  iniitKtuce  lib 
•ecretnry'*  accotint  of  the  closing  ■cenv  of  ibis  great  inan'i  tif« : — 

"  I  rrai]  ibb  evening  to  biin,"  nys  Mr  Trotter.  "  th«  chief  p«rl  of 
the  Iburlh  book  of  the  j^neid.  Hi-  appeared  relieved,  and  to  forget 
bis  UDcusinn<  and  paint;  but  1  fell  thb  recurrence  to  Virgil  ai  a  inoarn- 
ful  ORirn  oT  a  great  nllack  upon  liia  lyileiu,  and  that  he  wai  alrriady 
looking  lo  alwtract  hinuelf  from  noiae,  and  luiuuli,  and  potitici.  Hence- 
hnh  bit  illneaa  rapidly  increaaed ;  and  ««i  pronounced  a  dropsy.  I 
bave  reason  lo  think  tltal  he  turned  bis  ihungbts  icry  soon  to  retire- 
Blent  at  St  Annr'a  Hill,  as  be  found  (be  pressure  uf  business  insupport- 
ably  harowing."  .Mr  Trotter  then  notice*  vaiioMa  ^mptoiH  of  melan* 
etioly  fbrcboding  which  ih«  dying  Mal«ianan  eibibiud  in  tbc  earlier 
part  of  his  illiiMS.  One  of  tbcw,  he  obaervn,  "  I  thought  atts  shuuu 
in  hia  manner  at  Hoi  land*  houae.  Mr*  Fox,  be.  and  I  droTe  there 
aereral  iini««  before  hb  ilJacat  confined  bim,  and  whea  txtttiui  waa 
atroBgly  urgetl.  He  look«l  around  bim  the  laat  day  he  waa  iben  with 
a  farenrll  tcmlemeH  (hat  aleuck  me  *ery  madi.  It  waa  tbe  plat« 
wli«re  be  had  apent  bb  youthful  daya.  Every  lawn,  garden,  irri',  oe 
walk,  wtta  viewed  by  him  with  peeuliar  aAectioa.  He  jioiutcd  out  ita 
beau^ea  lo  enei  ami.  in  panteular,  »lio««d  oie  a  green  tane,  or  avenuct 
which  hit  mother,  the  bte  Lady  Holland,  bad  made  by  abulling  up  ■ 
road.  He  *at  a  very  enqtibtie  judge  of  the  pietnreaqae:  and  m'n- 
lloBcd  to  lite  how  beautiful  tbb  road  liad  becoawi  daee  cooveried  into 
■n  alley.  He  ratted  hb  eyea  la  ths  bowc  looUng  nwDd,  and  uaa 
eanM  in  pointing  out  every  iblag  lie  liked  and  reOMmbercd.  Soon, 
however,  hu  illaeaa  alfttningly  tncraiaed.  H«  laftfed  dreidfal  pains, 
and  often  roat  ftmn  dinner  with  inlolaraUe  aalMng.  Hb  temper  ncirr 
changed*  simI  »a*  always  tcrene  and  avcet ;  it  wa«  amaxing  lo  behold 
ao  nweli  dblraaaiug  anguiab  and  ao  grtnt  equaniniiiy." — "I  was,"  he 
•gam  anya,  "  atvty  a*  much  Mrack  on  enlrring  ihv  beautiful  and  daasic 
villa  of  tha  dvkeoT  DevoBsliire,  al  Mr  Fox'*  appearwii'e,  aa  1  had  been 
when  I  aaw  him  at  St  Anne's  Hill.  Tbe  change  of  air  and  »e«ne  bad 
tAn»ij  bratflled  him.  I  found  him  walking  attocit  and  lookmg  at  tbe 
picinrM; — be  wore  a  morning  gown, — hia  air  waa  pteulittiy  noibte  and 
aagiMl,— it  wa*  ibe  Roman  conaul.  or  aenalor,  rciirad  (tob  the  Inaiull 
of  a  bitay  city,  and  enjoying  tbe  charms  of  rural  reltrtiMBli  Mrronnded 
by  the  eboleeat  produetiona  of  art.  All  eare  seemed  mnnrved  tnm  bb 
rnrnd.  Hb  aonl  aapatiated  on  aoaeihing  sublime;  and  .Mr  Fos  atood 
brfert  nt  In  a  new,  and,  I  may  miy  aay  awful,  point  of  view,-^a  a 


PuniB.) 


CttARLU  JAMKS  VOX. 


ss 


Cliriitinn  phi1()«o}iber,  abatracted  from  the  wurld.  Iiaviiig  Uk«b  a  toog 
brcwpll  of  it :  tcrcnc,  compowJ,  clipiTrful,  and  willini;,  as  lonf;  lu  Ira 
n-mnioi-d,  to  bn  ploanpd  with  life;  participaling  in  wwial  convene  vith 
lu  mneh  cose  n*  if  hb  Initrr  momcntu  wen!  fnr  diMant."  Mr  l-'ox 
wicbeil  lo  relum  lo  Si  Annc'a  Hill;  but,  says  Mr  Trotti-r,  "bo  grear 
daily  trarw^:  bia  aixe  bnojimc  irry  inconvrnicnl:  and  it  wa«  detvnaiiinl, 
by  hit  physitriaiM,  that  lie  oiigbt  a^n  to  undergo  ibu  uprration  Df  tap- 
piit^.  Mr  Fox,  during  tb^  whole  oprration.  convcrwd  with  th«  phy- 
aieiaiu  with  all  bi*  uinal  fercr,  accuracy,  and  pleasant  natural  maiin<-r>. 
Ha  inonljtincd  to  them  bii  opinion,  thai.  In  all  diHkult  cam,  hiit  own 
or  any  otiirr,  it  would  be  ndviaaUc  rnr  each  to  wntc  duirn  liii  opinion, 
mI  It  up,  and  that  it  ahooM  not  be  csaninRd  till  thn  dcccaxcd  perron 
had  bcai  opened,  and  then  tbe  erroneous  cunclaaionx  drawn  would 
■ppwr." 

Hi*  bit  momenU  are  thut  ducrtbcd :  "  Th<r  scene  which  Mowed 
wiu  worthy  ol'  the  illustrioua  name  of  t'os.  An  bJa  breathing  becain* 
pwafally  difficult  he  do  longer  apokfi  but  hi*  loolo,  hia  countcuance, 
gnda^ly  oanowd  ■  Kublnon  yet  lender  air.  Ha  teemed  to  rcgr^ 
IwriDg  Mrt  I'os  solllary  nnd  frliendlea*;  and,  a*  be  liu^d  hi*  eye*  re- 
peatedly upon  ber,  throw  into  llicna  auch  an  rxpTrMioo  of  comolotinn 
aa  looked  lupematurnl :  there  was  aUo  tu  it  a  tender  grntitiulc  which 
brcatlitd  uuuttrmble  thank*,  anil,  to  thi!  1a;i(,  the  disintcrculrd  ami 
alTuctionale,  (be  dying  biuband,  mourniHl  for  anotlier^i  •uffeiing*,  ami 
■tro*«  to  maie  hi*  own  appear  light.  There  wa*  the  piou*  re*ignation 
of  the  Christian,  who  tiariemij  ahoiidonn  his  fleeting  apirit  to  a  mefcifal 
Deity  ntible  ihraughoat  tho  day,— the  untteli4:vcT  who  'caroe  to  acoA' 
■UHt  have  rtuoained  to  ptvy.'  It  wa*  now  that  Mr  Fox  gathered  ih« 
frvtta  of  hb  glarioiH  tifi^ :  bis  departura  wt»  unruffled  by  ri!i)iorw,^4i* 
bad  ncUlcMl  every  thing  that  was  peraoMl  to  his  country's  goodr— 
and  fimnd  Ma  laat  monituti  bleMcd  by  the  reflection,  that  fain  last  elfurt 
bad  be«n  conbniutbk  to  the  religion  he  profcsneii,  to  givt;  peace  to  on 
■iBicted  woeld.  The  hovering  angel  who  wiutL-d  to  reccivi;  hi«  apihl 
Mtr  tbit  lie  liad  tatrled  long  enutigli  upon  earth :  the  evening  adranced, 
ud  ■brinktag  iMture  «a«  that  fcb  end  oppruochcd — ■  1  die  happy '.'  wid 
hf,  ftxtog  again  aud  again  bi*  eyea  npon  Mn  Fox."  Hi-  expired  be- 
tvUl  five  and  »ilt  o'clock  in  the  alUnioon  of  the  I3lb  of  Si-ptcniber. 
18<MI.  tenting  a  political  rtpomiion  which  uill  Tur  ever  ailoni  the  hw 
Uity  of  bit  country.  Ht»  rt-maiiia  were  interred,  with  great  puOkp,  in 
WvstmiiiBter  abtiey,  wiiliin  a  few  &xt  <tt  tliou  of  hia  great  rital,  Fillt 
on  ifae  lOlli  oT  October,  the  anniversary  of  bis  fint  etection  for  Weafr' 
mlBMer:— 

"  Tbf  mlshtf  t*M*  *l«p  ilito  bf  *[>!& 

Drop  Dpoa  Vox't  gnto  tli>  |«H. 

tmi]  Kirklo  oa  bit  riitivblori 

O'er  ritCi  Ihc  maomfui  »v''*'"  MuniL 

And  fOi'i  thall  tho  nul«  nliouail. 

Tlw  MlnoB  •ebo  mviim  Id  tty — 

'  llsra  tot  UhIt  diHOfil  «lth  Hum  di*.' 

Sjfmk  net  far  tkoM  ■  Hifanla  ftion, 

wbmn  Fat*  nuil*  l>M«hm  m  tha  tomb. 

But  avarvh  iht  Unil  of  liil<HC  niiin, 

Whma  iillt  iliou  fiml  Ui*li  hL>  Ofm  7** 


Vtl. 


Uaniuoa,  Cuiie  k  p. 

a 


la. 


« 


POLITICAL  ■BBIE4. 


(Ki> 


W«  •hall  now  collect  «  feir  of  tlie  opioion*  «hjcli  tiave  bcra  tx- 
piMMcd  mml  churactera  which  hire  U-ni  ikeiclied  ot  Fox,  by  thote  of 
Ilia  Nntmipararic*  who  werv  best  filtcil  to  utinale  iJbe  talcntt.  eodow- 
taems,  anil  principlM  of  i)ie  man.  Tlit  rollowiiiff  pwsagca  occur  in  a 
nKMt  tlabonu:  diaraclvr  of  Vox,  by  Dr  Parr:  "  IrjOu  had  been  called 
■pon  to  Mieel  a  friend  from  tlit!  whuir  buoian  race,  wbcrv  enald  yoa 
bnvp  foiiiiil  one  i-ixlowcil  as  Im^  was  with  llw  guilc'leas  |ibyfulims  uf  a 
cbilJ.  soil  ihr  mail  correct  ui<l  conipri'facfiiivc  koowiMl^ of  Ibv  norld : 
or  di*ting>ubcd  at  he  iras,  by  prtifuuud  tTutliiioa,  by  welt-fuutiilMl 
rvv^mnc*  for  the  conctitulioD  of  hu  cvuntrj^.  and  tbn  krrncst  penrlrm- 
tion  into  the  cntu<«|UCDCc».  Dear  and  rettioie,  of  all  public  mr»ion-i  ? 
Whrrc  could  yiKi  Imtc  (bond  a  (latrsiiuti  vith  »uch  cklrtuiirr  nud  nobto 
vi«««?  Wbrrr  could  yaa  bavtt  fonnd  an  orator,  giltrd  villi  prD|>rrtica 
of  eloquence  mi  many  nnd  so  jcrrat? — alway*  exciting  allrntion  by  hi> 
ardour,  and  rewarding  it  by  hU  good  «rn!>r;  alvnys  nda]>ting  lii>  mnilrr 
to  the  fubjcct,  and  bii  diction  to  thcniBltrr;  wvcr  miircptnrntiiig, 
wbero  h<>  unitrtUtok  only  to  coofulp,  nor  insulting  bc<autr  he  bad  vnn- 
qatshtd  :  iiisimctivc  wilhoot  a  wish  to  deceive,  and  pcnaa*ivc  nithoqt 
ail  attempt  to  domiiifer;  manfully  dwlniiiing  potty  controrrny;  «agw 
Tor  victory  only  a*  the  price  or  tratb ;  holding  up  the  mart  ab<tnu9 
principle*  in  the  moa  glowing  colours;  and  dignily-ing  the  moct  com- 
tDOn  by  new  combination* ;  nt  one  moniCDt  tncorporettog  it  with  ar- 
pgntMi  and  at  the  neat  sacending  Troni  bJMorical  detail*  lo  phitoaopbi- 
ral  gnienlisatJOb :  irtMlatible  from  effort,  captivating  without  it;  and 
by  tamo,  Maeiae  and  oopioas,  easy  and  energetic,  fainilinr  and  aublime ! 
Hit  mecnory  »eeii>»  nnver  lo  hove  been  opprewed  by  the  number,  or 
difincted  bv  the  voricly,  ol'  the  matcriiti  which  il  gradually  accumu- 
laladt  and  liia  conpaniooa  can  iicv«r  forget  the  rcadineaa,  cerrecQiMi, 
and  glowiiiK  Mtiiualaani.  with  which  he  repealed  the  noblnt  paMagM 
in  the  beat  EoglUh.  Ffeneb,  and  Italian  poet*,  and  in  the  best  epic  and 
dfaaiatie  wrHcn  of  aniiqoily."  "  Hb  tpcecfae*,"  said  Sberidiui,  "  irerc 
■Baang  tbo  fineat  exanpUs  of  atgnmctilalion : — abounding  io  pointed 
obacfvaCioa*  and  just  oondasion*.  dalbcd  in  Ibrcibtc  ritgirruioo,  and  de- 
livttvdwith  manly  botdne**.  Tbe  leading  cfaaraelrristic  of  hi*  ortiory 
vaa  a  nady,  and  a*  it  were,  intuitive  power  o(  analysb,  which  be  po^ 
taaaad  beyond  any  roan  now  living;  and  it  would  not  exoM-d  the  truth, 
pertiBpa,  if  it  were  added,  equal  to  any  man  tliat  fans  ever  lived." 

"  Foi,  a*  an  orator,"  says  (loilwin,  "  termed  to  come  immediately 
freoi  the  fomiiag  band  of  nature.  He  spoke  well,  becanse  he  felt 
atrongly  and  carvestly.  Hi*  rlotjorncr  u-as  impeluou*  a*  thi-  current 
of  ihc  river  Uhoi»o— nothing  could  arrest  it*  course.  Hit  losoe  wooM 
JMMaibly  rise  to  too  high  a  key;  he  would  run  bimiclf  out  o^bnath. 
Evety  thing  abowed  how  littla  artiflon  llirf«  waa  in  bi*  oratory.  Thongh 
on  all  grcst  ocCMioaa  ho  was  ihrougboul  eiMTgctic,  yet  it  waa  by  sod* 
den  llaahai  aitd  tMiaDBlioaa  that  he  clectri&^l  tha  heon  and  *hot 
through  the  blood  of  hla  haarcr.  I  ha««  teva  hi*  cotuitoiMUKe  brighteo 
up  with  Mon  than  iMrtal  ardoor  and  goodaeaa;  I  harc  been  nrearat 
wbcn  hi*  Totoe  haa  been  aulTocaicd  with  the  ludden  banting  ranb  v€ 
afloodofu*»r 

Sir  Jamaa  Mackintosh  ha*  thtu  sketched  the  character  of  hla  illtia- 
Iriooa  friaaid  -.    "  Mr  Vox    ouilctl,  in  a  anost  remarkable  degree,  tho 
■glj*  rviwgnaat  characten  of  the  tnUdeat  of  men  and  iIm  moat  re- 


I 


heDMnt  ur  oraton.  lo  privntc!  life  lie  was  gentle,  moili-tt,  filMMfalr. 
kind,  or  timplv  nuuincr*.  and  *o  avcrMi  from  flaitiniitinn,  ai  to  be  n4it 
only  unotteuiatioiMi  but  «ven  *oiiifthiii^  ionctivL-  id  cuiivcrwitiaii.  Hu 
aupcrriority  was  aevvr  felt  but  in  tbe  itislructiou  wbtch  lie  impartatl.  or 
in  diestteuuoo  wliicb  liu  |;«ii«Toit*  prcrcnncL-  uxially  direrlcil  to  Ibe 
more  oiMcurc  inuaihrn  of  ibe  company.  '1  be  Biuijiljeiiy  of  bis  nun* 
BtT*  was  far  frout  txclutlini;  tlut  ptrlcti  urbanity  ainl  animily  wbich 
flowetl  »iill  more  from  the  niililnfia  of  bin  uatiiru,  Ihaii  from  funiiliur  in- 
trrcourae  with  ilie  moM  polisbcil  I'lcii-ty  uf  Europe.  Tbe  pleatuiitry 
perhaps  of  no  man  of  wit  bad  so  uiilabuuri*d  aii  uppeamnvt^■  It  M't'rocd 
raUier  to  Hcape  from  bis  mind,  tlian  to  bi-  pruiluevd  by  it  Hi-  had 
lived  on  the  niosl  intimate  tcmw  witit  all  bi*  contcuijiuraric*  d»tii>- 
guisbvd  tiy  wil,  ptditenna,  or  jiliiloiopliy :  by  IcaniinK-  or  tbc  taknti  of 
public  life.  In  tbe  coune  of  thirty  yean  hu  hod  knuvn  alnio*t  every 
man  En  Europe,  wboie  micrcourM:  could  sirtngtheii,  i>r  cnricb,  or  polish 
lbs  mind.  Hia  own  liieratunr  wai  rarioua  and  elegant.  In  claaur-sl 
emditiOB,  wbicli  by  the  custom  of  England  ia  more  pvcutiarly  called 
iMrning.  be  tua  iiib-ridr  to  few  profeurd  «i-bulars.  Liki!  all  men  of 
genius,  lie  dcti^bled  la  lake  refuge  in  purlry,  from  tbe  vulgarity  and 
irriutioa  of  boiineai.  lib  nn-ii  *er»e«  were  eaiy  and  piciuuiit,  aud 
■nigbt  hmtt  diURied  no  luw  place  among  ibuse  nbich  tb<>  Freucb  cull 
vrrt  tie  toci^tf.  Tbo  poetical  eharader  of  liti  mind  was  diNjilayrd  by 
Vn  exUaotdiikary  partialitj  for  the  poetry  of  the  tvvt  inofei  iKM'lical  na- 
liouB,  ur  at  Icail  langna^es  of  ilie  weat,  tJiote  of  tbe  tir«'ek»  and  of  ibo 
llaliaua.  He  d:dikcd  pobtieal  cuai-erMtioa.  and  never  willingly  look 
auy  ]>art  in  tt.  Tu  speak  of  bun  joslly  a«  an  orator,  would  require  a 
long  vwi\:  Kvi'ry  wlierv  iiuiurul,  ht-  cfirTJ4(l  into  public  Kxiwihiii);  of 
tliAt  t-iaiplc  and  iH-gtigrni  exterior  which  bflongtd  to  him  in  prime. 
When  bit  began  io  *pcak,  a  mmmon  obMrvtr  might  birv  thought  him 
awkward :  and  ev«n  a  ooniuntmnte  jndg^'  could  only  hara  b^n  ttrnrk 
with  tbe  cxquiall*  juttnew  of  bin  idea*,  and  the  irampnrvnt  limpticiiy 
of  hi*  manner*.  But  no  aooiicr  bad  hr  *pakra  lor  komr  liniv,  tban  he 
was  changed  into  anolber  being.  IIo  forgot  biniM'lf  and  even  thing 
around  him.  He  thought  only  of  his  subject.  Hb  geniu*  warmed  and 
IliadM  a*  ho  went  on.  He  darted  fire  into  bis  audience.  TorreoU  of 
Inpatuow  and  lrTealsiibteelo<|MllC««Mpt  ^ong  llirir  feelings  and  eon. 
TietMM.  Ho  eertaiidy  ))osaMMd  above  nil  mpderni.  llint  union  of  rrn- 
■on,  aittpliciiy,  and  vebomeBOt^  which  formed  tli(>  pnnco  of  ornton. 
Ha  was  Ifac  niMt  Deinosthenenn  ipeakrr  sinor  tbe  days  of  Di'ino^ 
ibcne^  'I  knew  bim,'  toys  Mr  Uurke,  io  a  pamphlet  writii'n  ofti'r 
Ibeir  unhappy  diflereuee,  *  nheii  he  was  nin*le«n  ;  since  wbicli  tini*  ho 
bos  risen,  by  slow  degrea.  lo  be  tbe  moit  brilllaiil  and  accompUsbed  dr- 
battr  ilia  world  ever  saw.'  Tbe  qniet  dif-niiy  of  a  miod  roused  only 
hy  gnu  ob^ecta,  tbe  abimoc  of  petty  bustk,  the  contempt  of  tliow.  (he 
aUonenee  of  intrigue,  ibe  plalniteM  and  downrtfj^HiiMa.  and  the  tbor- 
«i|^  good  nature  which  distinguished  Mr  Fox,  sMm  lo  render  bim  no 
unlit  repnu«ntaiiTe  of  (be  old  EngliUi  churorier,  which,  if  it  ever 
cbanged,  we  should  be  sanguine  indeod  to  expect  to  see  it  tuccMded 
by  a  better.  Tbe  sioipliciiy  of  his  cbanctor  insfnred  ooofldauce,  th« 
ankmr  of  hia  eloqut'nt-e  roawd  i-Qlbnsiasm,  and  tho  gentlenets  of  his 
namwn  lavhMi  (Headsliip.  '  1  admim),'  Miys  I^f r  CiiblxMi,  alter  dceerib- 
ing  B  d^  [naii  il  with  biia  at  Lausontie,  *  tbu  jMWcra  of  a  superior  nan, 


m  rOLITICAI.  »■!■«.  fNi 

u  ibey  %n  hlcnii^.  in  hU  kltnctin;  cbaractcr,  witli  all  ihe  loftoMa 
aad  sutnpliciiy  of  «  cliild :  no  huniwi  beiuft  wax  evvr  more  ttiv  frum  hbj 
laiot  ofi^ignily.  raniljr,  or  blwlioud/  Tbe  nicaMiiv»  whicb  he  Mip* 
poTtvd  or  i>|i|MMt-d  m*y  iir'nUt  tbe  opiaiao  of  pMUrity,  ■•  they  bavc  ili- 
Tided  tfaoac  of  llie  {iniviit  a^ic  Bui  \u>  will  inuft  crttotnly  eomnuMl 
llic  uiMnimoui  rcven-oi'L-  of  t'lilurc  ^iterativo*,  by  tiii  puK  M!DtiiiMi)U 
lowimb  the  cointnoii  wealth :  by  bi*  wal  far  Uie  diil  titiii  rrligioo*  rigbtt 
oTall  Den;  by  bi>  liberal  priociplo,  bvoumble  lo  milil  f[o*rnitn«-jtt,  to 
ibc  aafeUerrd  rirrcJM:  or  tbe  human  &ctiltics.  and  ibe  pn^rcMiv* 
nriliiation  of  mankiiKl :  by  bis  anli-nt  love  fur  a  couDlry,  ol'  wfaicb  th« 
vrll-bcin^  and  jtrcatni-u  wrv,  ioiii-cil,  iiisi-pimhU  (Void  hi*  own  gUiiy; 
and  hv  hit  pro&iunil  r«vnvoce  tiir  that  fri--c  i^oiutilulioti  which  he  wat 
uoivmaily  adniitlud  to  uDdentaud  better  Ibaa  any  other  man  of  hi* 
•giv  both  in  an  exadly  U^l  and  ia  a  coin|)TefaauiTcl]r  phlksophical 

Tbcae  arr  all  highly  cula|;iatic  oluttcliis.  and,  in  rooxiy  mpecU,  an 
only  faithful  to  the  talcnti  and  (juililiu  of  tbi-ir  labjrct.  Hut,  Jt  ia  not 
to  b«  coacralcd  that  they  ovi-ttiKik.  ur  attirmpt  to  polliatr,  th«  vIoM  and 
lb*  vtskiiMMv  uf  llic  grenl  iniii  they  praiac.  "  Why  was  it," — the 
ruder  of  nch  ttllngiunu  nun  often  hate  brm  leinpted  to  inquire, — 
"  bov  evms  it  to  paa«  that  a  nan  of  mch  uvrrwhclraing  power*  aftw 
kU  tAcicil  to  Utile  for  tbc  good  of  hi*  count/y  i  Wby  did  he  *e«m  to 
oapluticallf  '  to  labour  in  vato.  nnd  ipcMl  hia  atrcngth  for  nonght  ?'  " 
Tko  IJVCMiOB  baa  twen  nnawcritl  by  an  anniiyniou*  writer  at  once  in 
lerta*  k>  doqiwiU  and  uith  a  prolimdiiy  of  rrmnjfc  and  cogency  of 
rpaaouiog  fO  fordblc  and  Rtrikinic.  tliat  se  cannot  withhold  tbnn  froB 
our  reader*.  In  ibe  ^tidralily  of  whom  they  will  be  n«w  : 

*'  Poa'*  nana  ttaiid*  coMpicuou*  no  tbe  Hat  of  tlio*«  who  ha*e  Eailcd 
to  acvotDplitfa  tha  oancniiaian  on  which  tlwir  wontlerfut  endowmenta 
would  tttia  to  tdl  that  they  had  tu-tii  tent  to  Ihe  wotid.  by  tbe  Maitcr 
of  human  and  all  other  apiriiN  It  i*  thut  ibai  tuankiud  an  duoned  to 
arc  a  (UCCc«B>aa  oF  iudKidunl*  riiiiif;  ainuii^  liieiii,  with  capacities  lor 
rcaderia;  them  the  tno*!  intatlinaUe  Mrvtcu,  but  laiihtev,  for  the  moat 
part,  to  tbdr  high  toeation,  and  citbur  never  oliemptiiig  the  geaareva 
laboon  wbicb  invite  thdr  lileniai  or  cofflbiuiD);  with  thoie  labour*  lh« 
vieca  whi4!b  Iraitrute  their  ciricacy.  Omt  Uli:  iliatuifiiiubcd  ■talomon'a 
MUftkMi*  for  Ihe  public  wclf&ie  were  really  *a  great,  and  in  many  in- 
atancM)  we  have  no  doubr,  lu  well>in4tmlMl,  that  it  i*  pccnliariy  pain* 
flit  to  behold  bim  dtfrwuliDg  taeb  admirahte  power*  aiul  effort*  of  thrir 
■ffiwt,  fay  tnraiw  of  tbooe  part*  of  hi*  coadact,  in  which  he  mtik  u>  a 
Iriel  with  tiM  laaal  n->j>cciahle  of  mankind:  and  we  think  no  man 
wiiJiin  our  iMtBory  ha*  given  to  mrianeholy  an  caainplc  of  thi*  irll^ 
oeanianolioik  It  i*  impotaibb-  (m  tbr  frirDd*  of  our  eotuitiiuiiiKi  ami 
of  hnman  nalurr-  not  lo  feci  a  wmmt  adisirotiou  for  Vox'*  ctcrtiOM^ 
whatever  tlieir  partial  moiivn  and  whatever  ilicir  nccaiional  rac 
niigbt  be,  in  iriwticnlion  of  tlie  grrM  prihcipla*  of  librttyi  in  bo>tilityl«^ 
tha  rago  Ibr  war,  and  in  eatirpatiou  of  ibo  ibv^lradak  Thi* 
abominatioB,  which  had  gradually  lo*l,  evm  on  the  boMOt  part  of  tb«| 
iialion.  IliBt  hold  which  It  had  for  a  while  iBBi&taiord  by  a  deliwifv  no 
iiun  of  policy,  and  wa*  hat  aiokiBg  under  the  hatrvd  of  all  ibat  oonlil,| 
prrtrtid  to  liunianity  or  decmcyt  waa  doatbied  tillimtirly  lo  lall  by  bi 
hand,  at  a  penod  *a  nearly  ooalenpotaiy  with  ibo  od  of  bii  MRU,  m^ 


PiMOD  J  CHAMLM*  JAHBS  rOI.  99 

to  give  the  raUMflobniDce  of  lii«  dealU  ■omewhat  of  a  similar  advanlajK' 
of  aiBocisiiaa  to  tkat  by  which  the  draili  of  ihc  Hebrew  chainpioo  U 
always  rccollt'CliM]  in  cooueiioo  with  ilic  fall  of  Dagoii's  temple.  A 
great  objict  nas  aci^mpli^lied,  and  it  is  fiiir  to  aitriboic  the  event,  la 
ao  MmM  degree,  to  his  perMvering  auppart  of  that  raosi  estimable  indi> 
▼idiul  vfao  vaa  the  leader  of  the  deai^ii :  but  us  to  his  immenso  die|day 
of  talent  on  ihi-  wide  [ground  or  gei>tral  politic*,  on  the  theory  of  uue 
freedom  and  popular  rights;  on  tJie  great  nnd  iiicrvasiiift  iiiflutiiit-  of 
tli«  crown;  on  the  cDrruption  and  reform  of  publit;  inititutious ;  on  mv 
vcre  iiireatigation  of  public  espendituro ;  un  the  notioual  vi^ibnce 
pn^r  lu  be  ezeteited  oxer  the  coaduct  of  ^t-mimi'nt ;  and  on  tfae 
ri^lit  uf  any  rauioa  to  chaii);L',  when  it  judgr*  nectsiary,  both  the  per* 
•on  ami  lli«  ivrin  of  its  govcramniit,  «<<  barr  obtcrvrd  with  thit  liet'p- 
eu  OMMtificalian,  linies  irilbout  number,  Ui*  v«ry  slight  and  tnuisiciit 
eflcct  on  tbe  public  mind  of  a  mote  w^meauuin;  and  luminotia  clo< 
qucncc,  tlun  probably  ve  arc  ever  again  to  see  imdiatinf;  thnf<  tub- 
jnst*,  and  urging  thrir  imporianoc.  Both  prinoiples  aud  prartirrA, 
icoitcng  toward  arbitrary  power  and  national  degradation,  were  pro- 
gr«a«««ly  gainiim  ground  during  ihe  muob  greater  pan  of  the  tinM 
that  be  vto*  asMUilliiig  Ili«in  with  inteilcMuai  fir«  nnd  >worfi ;  and  the 
people,  notwitbrianding  it  was  tbrir  own  cauu-  he  wn*  mainL-tlning  by 
this  peneviiinK  watfari-,  though  tlicy  were  itinu««d  indri'd  witli  liii  ex- 
ploits, Guiilil  butilly  he  luiJucrd  to  regard  him  oihrrwiiur  iliaii  as  a  mpt* 
tal  pria^fif[lil*r,  and  icarccly  thanked  liim  fur  Ihe  foniliulc  and  energy 
wbicli  lie  devoted  tu  thi^ir  M'rvic<-.  Iln  v»  olloirrd  to  b(!  a  nioit  ad- 
UiinibtD  nan  Ebr  a  li^iler  of  oppusilion,  but  not  a  mortal  coiild  >)c  per- 
Mided  lo  rvgttnl  (hat  ojiptwiliun,  avea  id  his  baDdf,  as  bearing  ooy  n- 
MmUancc  to  ibat  whieli  we  have  been  acenslomed  to  ai«ribe  to  Ceto, 
an  oppotilioii  of  whieii  pure  virioe  waa  the  motive,  and  all  corrupllons 
whatever  the  object.  If  ibe  very  aaina  tbiugt  which  were  said  by  Vat, 
had  bees  advancvU  by  th«  person  wboae  imai^ittary  ehanoter  we  have 
sketdicd  la  the  precedlog  pagea,  they  wuuM  have  become  the  oraelee 
of  the  people  from  Derwiek  to  Land's  End ;  corrupters  and  iiiiriguer* 
would  have  Ivit  au  imprt-ssion  uf  awe  when  lie  rune  lo  speak:  no  po- 
lltica]  ducton  or  ooairum*  rauld  have  cured  llirir  aervea  of  a  stranf^ 
vibiatiun  at  the  MSDd  of  his  words,  a  vibraiiua  very  apt  lo  n^ch  into 
lliar  caDaciences  or  their  fcnn :  there  would  ban.-  been  soncthbc  mya- 
terioae  aiad  appalling  in  hi*  voice,  a  aouiid  as  if  a  multitude  of  voice* 
uticuhted  in  one:  and  tliuunli  bt>  enuntrnancc  should  have  looked  na 
oandid  and  ftieDdly  as  Fox't  diil.  thoc  gcnllvniirn  woald  have  hti-a 
soinetiineii  sublet  lo  ecrtain  fretful  peevikli  la]Mt!>  uf  irnaRinalioii,  niueh 
like  those  ID  wliich  Marbeth  saw  the  l^>paritio^  of  Huni|Uo.  and  would 
have  icivoluiilurity  >|xi»trri|>hiwd  him  as  the  dreaded  agent  ofdrleetion 
and  rt-lnbuiiun.  Tbry  woiilJ  have  A'lt  Ihemwlvrs  in  the  presenoc  of 
llteir  master,  lor  tbry  woiilil  havi-  iKN'n  taught  to  reeogiiisc,  in  this  one 
num.  tlu:  matt  r««l  repri-Hrntativi-  of  the  pci^le,  wbotc  will  would  gtac- 
rally  be  soon  declared  as  substantially  identical  with  his  opiiiiona. 

**  How  thru  did  it  cooiE  la  pais,  that  Foa  bad  no  such  ioBuenee  on 
the  naliotial  mind,  or  on  the  gurcniiDent  ?  The  answer  is  perfectly 
obvious,  and  it  fumu  a  very  serious  admonition  to  all  patriot*  who 
nmlly  wish  to  promote  the  welfare  of  ihc  iieonlc,  by  an  oppoitlioo  lo 
comiptioM  of  lbs  stale.     The  lalcnta,  and  Ibo  long  tod  aoimateiJ  »• 


4      \ 


potiTicAt  nximt  ■ 


(Hinii         " 


eriioht.  of  tbe  BioM  eloqamt  of  aM  our  counirrmm  bitril,  plninly  br> 
CHUW  ibe  people  plftO^  no  roiiftdenc*  in  Iii«  viriur,  or,  in  nthrr  vnnl^ 
becaiuc  Ihey  would  Devcr  bo  peniiMfed  tg  aiiritHitn  virtue  to  hi*  char- 
acter. 

"  A  •ignaJ  notori«4jr  of  ilitHjpatioo  accoinponkd  tb«  oiitwt  of  bb  pvb- 
llo  tut*r.  Wkile  lh«  |)olttical  party  ithiefa  he  oppucd  miffht  b«  y*ry 
natooMy  ufOBHbed,  ihit  tbt  vtxgagttaeaU  of  the  turi*,  of  lii«  btgnio, 
and  of  the  sanduarie*  dniicated  to  the  mshnned  and  a*focialed  tnipK 
of  clioiicv  and  fraud,  ilioald  »eeni  to  divert  uo  part  of  the  en«r^  villi 
whic'li  Ihrj  vt'rr  attat^lLed  in  their  quartvra  al  Si  Stcplu-n**,  and  whilr 
the  tritm  or  blood*,  biiclu.  rak»,  and  other  wortiiy  denominaiioiM  siul 
frnlemilics  m'lfiUt  be  proud  lo  hate  for  ihrir  leader  a  f^eDiuSi  who  could 
at  llic  iatix  tinx:  beat  iki  ininy  );rFyb<-urdf  of  the  (Uile  on  their  own 
IpxHindi  the  tobcr  part  of  (hi-  iiitHin  deplored  or  detpitMl^  according  lo 
the  more  gcacrous  or  nion-  cynical  clianicter  of  the  iudinduaii.  lh« 
qitrndid  tnlcnt  nliicli  cooM  dcj^nde  ittrlf  to  bo  much  fully  and  iiumo- 
ralily.  Too  gtrul  a  slian^  of  tiie  iaitkt  htlal  rt|>uUtiou  alttndtd  the  di»- 
linguiihnl  (latotnan.  <rith  nlialcvi-r  (luth,  iluriox  tl>*^  moch  Rreater 
fan  of  hi*  lilr.  Wr  My,  vitii  wlialt^rrr  tnitli :  tor  ve  know  no  tiiure  of 
Li*  private  hulorj'  than  uliat  Hon  hrrn  oillioul  mtilmdkrtiou  cirvalaled 
in  (be  talk  and  the  pnnird  cbrooicles  of  K-iniUI :  with  ciia)rK'''^tiani 
and  Action*,  no  doubt :  but  no  public  nwn  nn  have  inch  a  rfputatioa 
without  faaviug  iiibMantially  aucb  a  cliaracler.  And  by  a  law,  a*  deep 
in  haniau  uatare  as  any  of  it*  principle*  of  dirtioction  between  good 
and  evil,  it  b  impoauble  lo  give  r««peci  or  coofidcaer  to  ■  man  wbo 
liabituatly  di*reganl*  Mine  of  thr  primary  ordinaneea  of  morality.  The 
nation  never  conAded  in  our  eloquent  UatetiuBo'a  loief^ily :  tlio>e  « lio 
admirrd  every  Ihinp  in  bit  talent*,  and  nmeb  in  hi*  qualilirs,  rrgreltrd 
thai  Ua  Bsine  ixver  eeaaed  to  excite  in  ibetr  mind*  iJie  idea  of  |,>aine- 
Men  and  baeebaiMb.  even  after  be  wa«aduiowli-dt;edia  liavewiibdrawii 
hlliMeir  fmm  aueh  locieiy.  Tbiae  who  held  li»  opiuion*  were  almott 
terry  Uiol  be  ilioald  liaio  bi-ld  thoD,  while  tbey  miw  with  wbai  laali- 
ciov*  piulletion  ihcy  wbo  rFJeciitl  thrm  could  cttc  hi*  tJioral  rvpuia* 
tioD,  ie  pUce  of  argument,  to  ini-alidiio  them.  In  dMoibing  ttiia  un> 
Ibrtunaie  rilieci  of  tbc  eharactrr.  we  arr  umply  oixrrtinft  known  niaitcr 
of  (act.  *niofe  i*  not  one  advoeaic  of  tfao  prin<-iple>  or  of  tlie  luaii.  who 
baa  not  to  oonfcM  what  irkaome  and  ailencin^  reboft  he  ha*  cxpa* 
rirneed  in  ihc  lowm  otrtknae*  to  moral  eharaclcri  we  bare  obaernd 
fc  GOOllaiully  for  many  year*,  in  e«rry  pert  of  England  wfaicli  we  have 
fivqaealed;  and  we  have  trpn  practical  and  moet  palpablr  proor,  that 
■D  tnant  eten  of  the  bifhrai  laleou,  can  ever  acquire,  or  at  Icaai  n-iain. 
•ineh  Inflnraee  on  ibe  public  mind  in  the  chancier  of  rrnMiniinnt  and 
refonnvr,  without  the  raallly.  or  at  any  rale  llie  iDrulorrable  n-puta- 
tion,  of  1  irturv  in  the  romprrhenaive  •mno  of  tbe  word,  a*  cooipriiinf 
atrry  kind  of  inonliiy  pn«crib>*d  by  Um  higbcel  moral  rode  acknow- 
ledged tn  a  Cbriktian  nation.  Public  mni  ami  eppodlionifu  may  in- 
vvigb  iitBiMi  abvoei^  and  pat*d«r  in  p.iUMliHa,  aa  long  aa  tbey  pbaaat 
Ibey  will  Rod  that  even  one  maaiiiM  tIcc  will  pnetade  all  pnbUo  «gn&- 
denev  in  iheir  principle*,  and  tbartlore  render  fmilr  ihr  ttroageat  excr- 
linn*  of  ulnii ;  a  >lif>hi  flaw.  In  oiherwiv  ilir  Ih-m  tcniprred  lilade  of 
ToImIo.  will  wion  rijMwe  tlie  liaflxd  wighl  that  wi<  Id*  ll  lo  either  tbe 
*c«m  or  pity  of  the  •pcetalera,  and  to  the  viclorion*  am  of  hi*  antago> 


Ptrnwo.) 


CHAftlBa  JAMM 


n 


nist.  It  lias  pomihiy  brua  laiiJ,  llial  u  man  otay  inaiitUtui  ii!c«  prio- 
ctpW  uF  j[i|p;:Tily  ill  till!  proseuuliun  (if  public  uthiirs,  Uiough  liia  con* 
■cicuet-  and  pmclici:  are  very  dcfirctiTv  in  nntlcn  of  privaii'  monilily. 
Bui  tliiii  would  never  be  bcliernl,  ei-i-o  if  it  wrre  troL- ;  the  univi-naJ 
cODviction  of  aiai)kiDiJ  rvjects  it.  when  it  b  attcfn|)Ie(l,  to  practical  uiuc*, 
ta  be  made  tb«  fvundatiuD  of  cDnlid<-acc.  Su  far  is  this  fruni  beiii;;  be- 
lievi-d,  lliat  ■-■iri)  ■  ciHiNpicuou*  and  coraplcti-  ritruriiiuliun  uf  jtrivatc 
niuraU,  if  it  bi-  but  rccnot,  in  Mill  an  uri«Ui>tiii!luTy  «-curiIy  Tor  {lublic 
virluR :  and  a  very  long  probation  i>r  jx^rmnal  characlcr  it  iniiiipitnuililiv 
a«  a  kind  of  qnamntine  tor  a  man  once  deeply  vutitaniiiiatiHl  to  unilrr- 
go,  in  order  to  engage  any  rrul  cnnfidrncr;  in  llie  ititcgrily  of  bit  ])iib- 
lie  conduct :  nor  pan  li<^  crrr  cogagn  it  in  the  *anic  dcftrcci  a*  if  an  uni- 
ferm  and  rrMilutn  virtue  hail  inarknl  his  privato  conduct  fri>in  the 
begisBing.  Hut  rvrn  if  it  were  admilird,  Ihnt  all  tho  virtue*  of  tlic 
•tUMnui  might  flouriih  in  fpit«  of  thn  ricra  of  the  man,  it  unuld  have 
becB  ofno  nw,  ai  an  argoiDeot  for  contidcncM?  in  the  integrity  of  Fok'a 
priooiplea  m  a  statcaman,  after  tbc  indHiblo  utigma  ivhitrh  tin  y  rreeived 
in  the  binooa  coalition  with  I^ord  North.  In  uhnt  degree  tlist  portion 
of  th«  people,  that  approved  i-'ox'n  politlul  n|Hnioiii<,  really  conlidcxl  in 
hi*  integrity  ax  a  Grm  and  C0D«ii4ent  ttale*nian,  nan  ilrongty  bronght 
to  the  proof  at  the  tiin«  of  hia  nppointment  ni  imv  of  the  )irinciplot  of 
tbe  late  administration.  Hi*  admirers  in  Kencral  expre.ucd  Iheir  ex- 
pectation* in  Irrai*  of  gn-nt  re«-n'e ;  they  ratlivr  wiiJicd,  tliLtn  abko- 
lulely  dared,  to  believe,  tint  it  trai  inipouible  be  ibould  not  prefer  a 
Bilclity  to  thote  great  principles  and  plans  of  cxli-nsivc  ri^form  which  he 
haci  lo  stn-nuoiialy  inculcated,  to  any  office  or  uxsoeiiiiejt  in  office  thai 
■hould  require  lh«  locrifice  of  lluwe  plam,  and  that  li«  woaid  not  surely 
have  taken  a  blgb  ofllcial  staiiufi.  vithontaome  stipulatioiit  fur  oarryUig 
UieiD,  at  least  partially,  into  effect.  But  they  recollected  the  ttnor  of 
bii  life:  and  though  tbey  wrre  aonewhat  dimppoiuted,  and  deeply 
grieved,  to  find  biio  at  hi*  very  entrance  on  office  propoMot;  and  do- 
fendiag  one  of  tbe  rankest  abu>n,  and  aflcrwanb  inviolably  keeping 
tbe  peace  tritb  tbe  gntid  total  of  abuftes,  iu  both  tbe  doueHic  and  ike 
lodUB  Koveraaient,  ihi^y  did.  at  IcaU  niauy  of  lliem,  cwifeaa  thai  tlity 
had  alwa}*  treinbUil  fur  tbe  cunHiiucore  of  briiiKiiii;  lo  toeli  an  ordeal 
a  potiticol  inlegriiy  which,  whde  tlxy  bad  soinetimee  for  a  nuuiient  al- 
nUMl  half  believed  in  it.  they  had  always  been  ubli(,-n]  la  refer  to  soinc 
fiir  didermt  piincilile  from  a  linn  pcrMiiial.  morality,  ^upporlvd  by  a  rv- 
llgiout  cunacienoc. 

"  We  bavc  nmarfced  on  the  *tight  hold  wbicb  our  crcat  orator  bad  on 
llie  mind  of  the  nation  at  Urge ;  it  wn*  mortirying  aUo  to  oWrve,  bow 
liltJc  aaccndency  bia  pruiligiou*  power*  mointainod  over  the  mind*  of 
■enalOT*  nud  uiinister*.  It  wju  irkioiDc  lo  wilii«M  thai  nir  of  eoay  in- 
didSerence  with  whieh  bi*  moit  poignant  rv|>roacbe*  were  tiiteneil  to; 
that  rradinoB  of  reply  tu  hi*  nervous  Npreteotationii  of  the  ntainitiea 
or  injuvlioe  of  war;  the  carelemn*  often  nanifnicd  wbile  he  wai  de- 
picting ibe  dittrcwea  of  the  pcopl«;  and  the  impudent  gaiety  aud 
■pTtgliiliiH^*  with  which  arrant  cormpliao  could  abow.  and  defend  aiul 
apt>laud  il*eirin  bi>  preaence.  It  ia  nui  for  ua  to  pretend  Iu  judge  of 
wUat  tnatcfidia  ininiatcn  and  (eiiaton  are  compo*ed;  bnt  we  did  often 
think,  ibnl  if  eloqacBce  of  audi  inlvnaity,  and  »o  directed,  bad  been 
mmborated  in  it*  impetus  by  tbe  aulharilative  force  whicb  »o*«ra 


tt 


POLITICAL  SEIIin. 


rirtite  Mn  give  (o  the  (trolw  of  taletil,  tome  of  liiria  wmiIiI  hnvc  ltt*n 
II  |i[i«irrl  into  a  my  different  kind  offccling  and  miuinm  I'rom  tlio«e 
wlikh  «c  bad  ilie  luortitleaiioa  lo  bcliold:  we  did  think  ibat  a  man 
ibu*  anni-d  at  uii-cl-  wiili  ilu-  tpeat  aiid  llie  ^if,  might  bave  ciuxd  it 
to  be  Tett  bf  etrcB*  of  diir  roiupuliioa,  'How  awfbl  gwxlDeM  ia.' 

"  On  tlie  wba4e,  we  shall  ulwaya  r<>)pinl  Fox  aa  «  mMDoraUe  and 
momnrul  MBtnpte  i>r  a  |>i;;3i>tio  agent,  at  unoe  dctennined  lu  labour 
for  tbc  public,  and  doomiiig  biniselT  lu  lubuur  almoat  in  vaiii.  Our 
r*liniati!  of  hU  tutcuu  preclude*  all  liofx!  or  Tear  orauji  Mtiond  «sanple 
of  aucb  powcrfal  labunn,  or  sadi  liumilialiuf;  failure  of  effect.  We 
widi  Ihe  grratMt  KMiia*  uo  t-arlb,  wborvcr  be  may  be,  mij-lil  wrHe  an 
inacripiion  fur  our  eminent  utammao'a  monumenl.  to  expre**,  in  tbe 
tn<M  itrronoui  of  all  pOMible  mode*  of  thought  nud  phrue,  tbe  troth 
and  Iht  nrnroin^,  Uml  iw  lann  Mill  ert-t  be  accepted  to  tervv  mankind 
in  tbr  bigbi^t  drcpartmciilaorutitttj',  wtthout  oa  eminence  of  virtmt  that 
can  nutain  bim  in  tbe  notite  detiuice,  '  Wfaieb  of  yon  eoaviets  me  uf 
KB?'  "■• 


mamm  mn. 


MW  a.  B-  17M.— »U»  a.  D.  laOS. 

William  Pitt,  the  •eeond  mb  nf  (be  fint  Earl  of  Cttatham,  b^ 
Hniibcr  Urrnvillr,  littet  of  Ricbard,  Eeri  Temple,  wo*  bora  at  llaj'c*, 
in  tbr  county  at  Kvnl.  on  the  SStli  May,  lyal'.  Hia  gificd  latlior  rulf 
perceived  aucb  iiiilicdtiOBs  of  goniua  in  ibu  boy  t»  ilcttnnined  him  la 
tnlB  blm  (nm  bi>  nuwt  juvenile  yc*r»  for  political  life.  Hit  cducatkw 
wat  comtnenced  under  tbe  inutiediale  eye  of  his  (alber,  wbo  took  great 
ddlgbt  in  peiMnally  MiperinteiMliiig  liia  tindiei. 

At  tlic  age  of  fotirteco  be  waa  lent  to  Pembroke  colbfie,  Cambrwlffe. 
•'  Allbougb.'  tayt  lii*  bio^raplier,  Biahop  Tomlioe,  **  Mr  Pitt  waa  littte 
more  (ban  founeen  yean  of  age  when  he  went  to  rctide  at  tlie  univcr* 
lily,  and  had  bboufMl  BDller  Ike  diuuinntnge  o(  frvqui-ot  ill  bealtti, 
(be  kiiu«  ledge  wfalcb  ht  then  pOMWitd  *aa  very  conddcrable :  and.  in 
parttetitar,  hit  prottcieBOjr  ia  tba  leMoed  laagvagea  wa*  probably  nreater 
Ihaa  eref  «W  uqaired  by  any  other  pcnoB  ui  nicb  wiy  youth.  In 
Lailn  toAon  be  mMoO)  met  « itb  dHSieulty ;  and  it  wa*  no  uncommon 
ikiBg  lor  him  to  read  into  Boglivlt  lis  or  wven  pait**  "^  Tliucydide% 
whleb  be  bad  mt  preriowlr  wen.  without  mora  than  two  or  three  mia- 
takes,  and  tMnetimra  withont  eien  one.  He  bad  luch  an  rnctBca*  in 
duerimiiHliug  the  tense  of  wordt.  and  to  pccaliar  a  proetraikm  in  aai^ 
iBg  at  once  the  meanttif  of  a  writer,  that,  a*  «■*  ji>*tly  obarrred  by 
,Mr  Wikon.  he  never  teeaied  lo  learn,  but  only  to  rvcolleci.  Wbcn- 
rver  k»  did  rrr  in  rCBdering  a  •cnleDce.  tt  wm  owing  to  the  want  of  a 
eorreet  knowledge  ofgnntnar,  without  which  bo  langoage  can  be  p«r- 
ftnliy  nadrrUooil.  iW  iklirct,  too  Maimon  in  a  peivala  edurolioat  it 
tuf  i»BMdi«u  nMlaanMir  lo  Mppty  i  aBit  he  waa  not  only  aooB 


ftMmm  uUtt»  00  Fu.^  •WmntI  t^  Early  Pari  «f  lla 
IM|*«f  Ji*«  tL'i>tit(h*fi|i«i«il  lalhcErUnicRxtoii'fw  IM".  (ihI  ahkb  m 

•M  |lliM<lJ    Mpl  |IM«  SOIWI    rM»  tm  Mho    pH  UlW    tlHl  0(    llw    fllUI    *»■    |aO- 

-*    r  af  di*  awj*  oa  •  INipnlar  IgaofiM*.*  and  >  DMi^  ot  CharatM.' 


n 
4 


PtMOD.]  WILLIAM  riTT.  M 


mnilrr  ot  nil  the  ordinnry  rulM  of  graiDinitr,  but  Uking  great  pleaaare 
in  till!  philuldgicnl  dliujuiiitioiw  orcfitic^  aud  comiiicntiiloi^,  lie  becutiii- 
ih«ply  vencd  in  tile  nicrtiM  of  construction  nod  peculiarities  of  idiom, 
bull)  iD  IImt  Laiin  nii<l  Cirrrk  language*.  He  hod  also  read  tfic  lirst 
six  bi)uki  of  Euclid's  EIpidfiiIs,  I'lanr  Tri^nnoiiii-lry,  ihe  elem^nUrf 
finitA  of  Algebra,  and  (li(?  two  (|iiarta  voliimt^*  of  11  iitlirT ford's  Nnlural 
Pliitowfih)-,  a  voik  in  Hinic  drf;rvL-  uf  rcpuli:  while  Mr  Wilson  vnt  a 
Uadetit  at  Cainbridjii'i  but  altrm-anU  laid  aj'nie.  Nor  it»»  it  in  l4«rn- 
in^  only  (tial  Mr  Fitt  wai  iu>  mucii  nupt-rior  to  persons  of  lii»  ngc. 
Tltouf^  a  tioj  in  yran  and  ap|ir«ruiic«,  Iii*  manners  wrn-  I'urnicd,  and 
bin  beli^iviuur  luaidy.  H«  mixed  in  convmaliou  witli  unaficclci)  viva- 
city: and  dvlirvKd  his  itenlimL-Dtii  iritli  pcrfi-ct  caaii,  uijuully  free  frotn 
thyims  and  flippaitey.  and  always  with  ulrict  atti-ution  to  propricly  and 
decorum.  Lord  Chathaiu,  who  could  not  but  be  anarc  of  the  powers 
of  bin  Mti'n  aitnd  and  undvratandiii};.  had  rncoura^d  him  to  talk  wiili- 
o«il  rewtve  a|ion  every  subject,  nliicli  frrquviitly  alfurdcd  opportunity 
for  cobveylitg  awful  knfbmaatiun.  and  just  notions  of  punous  and  thing*. 
WlicD  his  loirdtliip't  heiiltli  would  permit,  1m.-  ni-ier  suHtied  a  day  to 
pass  witlUMt  giving  inviructiuo  of  wiiue  »oft  to  hi*  children  ;  and  ie\- 
dnin  without  rcadtitg  a  citaplcr  of  llie  BiUe  with  ihvui.  He  uiuil  in- 
deed  br  coasidcrcd  a*  haviug  contriboird  larg«'iy  to  that  fucid  of  know- 
ktlgc,  find  to  thoie  otlirr  wlvantagos,  with  which  Mr  I^tt  nit«red  upuo 
bis  ■cailcinical  life." 

On  Iraviog  bis  Alma  Mater,  yoang  Ittt  cntcml  Lincoln's  inn,  nearly 
at  the  Mtnv  liine  with  Mr  Addington.  At  the  end  of  three  ynrs,  h« 
was  caJIf-d  lo  the  bar,  an<l— *s  is  cuitoniary  with  junior  ootUMel^ 
spIi-c<«I  one  i>f  ibc  cimitt  u  Ibe  scene  of  liia  first  profeaioaftl  eflbfta. 
A  gfnlletnsn  who  was  very  iatimale  with  Pitt,  on  ibe  western  circuit, 
and  alVrwariU,  till  they  weT«  separated,  in  1793,  by  a  dilTcrcnce  of 
political  opinions,  thus  writes  of  hini  at  thlsslag«of  hlae*revr:  "  Among 
lively  mi-n  of  his  own  time  of  li(i^,  Mr  I'itt  waa  always  tbe  mutt  lively 
and  convivial  in  tlic  many  hours  of  leisure  whicli  occur  lo  young  uii- 
orcupiol  men  on  n  circuit ;  and  JMncil  all  the  little  excursions  lo  Soutli- 
amjilon,  Weymouth,  and  such  pantes  of  amuMmciit  as  wer*  habitually 
brined.  Ho  was  extremely  popular.  HU  iiama  and  reputation  of  high 
acquirt-ments  at  tbe  univcnity,  commandi-d  l)i«  mtenlion  of  his  sniivrk 
His  wit,  hi*  good  humour,  snd  joyous  mannen^  cndevred  liini  to  the 
younger  part  of  the  bar.  In  some  bribery  cauaM  from  Crickladc,  ha 
was  rrtained  at  junior  connifel:  but  even  in  tbat  subordinHle  character, 
br  had  an  opportunity  of  ar^gulng  a  point  of  evidence  with  extraordinary 
ability.  1  remember  uIki,  in  nn  action  of  crim.  con.  at  Ex«tcr,  as  junior 
Covnarl,  be  moJiilested  such  talents  in  oio^s-exanii nation,  that  it  was  th« 
uiiirrrMi  opinion  of  the  bar  that  he  should  hav*  led  tlie  cause.  During 
his  short  s(ny  in  tbe  pfofeasion  he  never  had  occasion  to  addreu  a  jury ; 
but  u]wu  a  molioo  in  tbe  court  of  king's  bench,  for  an  hslicas  coiiius 
lo  brind  up  n  man  to  bo  btutcd,  who  «a*  charged  with  luunler,  Air 
I'itt  uiaile  a  speech  which  excited  tbtr  admiratioo  of  th«  bar,  niid  drew 
down  very  eooiptimrntary  approbation  from  Lord  Manslield.  When 
be  fint  made  hi*  iMilliont  display  ia  porliumeot,  ihote  at  the  bar  who 
bad  seen  littte  of  him,  expmied  surprise  i  but  a  few  who  bad  heard  him 
once  speak  in  n  sort  of  mock  debate  at  tlw)  Crown  and  Anchor  larern, 
when  a  club,  called  the  Western  Circuit  Club,  was  diMolved,  agrecsl 

VII.  a 


84  roLtriCAL  uRtes.  [Ni. 

lliat  hi-  l)ad  liitii  cli>plaj-vil  all  (Iil>  Tsrimw  ipeciM  of  •loqnrnrr  (or  vhick 
he  WW  afl^rwanb  c«l»brai«l.  Bi-fore  h#  dJctin^iUml  hinurir  in  ibe 
liouw  ot  comnMKU,  he  certainly  lookei)  f^rioutly  to  iho  law  mt  k  pro- 
Inalon.  Thp  Uiv  Mr  Juaik-v  ilooke  loM  rae  thai  Mr  Pitt  danftfed 
»em  daya  with  a  junior  brk-r  anil  a  dingk-  gninf*  Irr.  wnilii^  till  a 
CaiMT  of  no  tort  or  iniporUncp  tliouM  comr  twi  in  tbr  ronrl  of  tiomman 
(iIm*.  At  Mr  Ptlt*«  iiiMancc  an  annnal  iliniirr  look  |>la>M  ii>r  mniic 
yam  at  ftirhmoml  iiili,  the  party  rooRuiling  ot  Lord  Efykinf^,  Lord 
KnkiclaJt;,  Sir  Willjani  Grant,  Mr.  Homl,  Mr  I^tcmIct,  Mr  Jckyll. 
Mid  olbrra;  and  I  wHI  remnntxT  >  dinner  triib  Mr  Pitt  nnil  u^tcnl  of 
bb  privUfi  frirnds  at  ili«  Boar'*  HraH  in  I\iuiclic«p,  ia  <M:IrtiralHin  of 
8lialii|>Mr«'a  FaUtair.  Wp  men  nil  in  high  ■pitit;>,  quMiog  and  alliul* 
ktg  to  Sb«k«pMr«  the  wbolo  daj- :  ami  il  npprarrd  that  Mr  I'iii  ww  a* 
writ  and  fitmilttrly  rpait  in  the  pofl'i  woriu  as  tbr  bnt  Sbnk*prnriiRi 
prf«eDt.  Ihil  to  *poak  of  hi*  conviviality  u  ntcdicw.  Aftrt  br  «u 
inioiater  be  conlinoed  lo  a»k  hi*  nkl  circuit  iniimauv  to  dinv  with  htm, 
and  Ilia  lUAonfTa  wrr«  unallrrrd." 

Hut  be  waa  aoon  nlM  tn  ■  diSefeol  tpberr  of  Wfc  Hr  had  bprn 
bml  a  staiMnui  from  lit*  boyhood;  and  he  alway*  coiiiniiipUird  the 
houae  of  commoM  at  the  goal  wbcDce  be  wm  to  alut  in  bi*  potitieal 
Ctreer.  At  the  n-qacat  of  many  of  hia  frienda  be  flnt  offinvd  hinaetf 
lo  rvprcsMit  (lie  univerHty  of  Cambridge,  bttt  vaa  umuccvMlbl.  Sir 
Jaraea  Lowtber,  afterward*  Earl  of  LooMblei  llien  procured  hit  return 
lor  Applrby,  ou  the  Aolicitatioa  of  ihe  duke  of  Kuitaod,  and  with  ihe 
Mprew  undcniandinf  ihiU  ibo  youni;  contranii«r  ihould  enter  parlia- 
oienl  totally  unfetleretl.  On  (he  2^h  of  1-VbniaTy,  1781,  tbe  futut« 
McoDicr  niadc  hit  nuiden-iipF4.-Hi.  "  Tbc  aubject  of  (Ipltatc,"  ny*  hit 
biognidicr,  "wai  Mr  Uurkb'«  bill  for  eeooonical  rcfann  in  ibc  civil 
llat>  Lord  Sagi'nt  wiu  >|MraLiiir;  aKainit  tbc  Mil ;  and  Mr  B^Df,  men* 
ber  K>*  Middlcavx,  kuoi>in)>  Mr  Pilt'i  >rnllnH-nts  upon  tb«  mcMvr^ 
iwkrd  liini  to  rrj>4y  lo  his  lonlihip.  Mr  Piit  gave  a  doohtful  antwtr: 
Imi,  in  the  rourat-  of  Lord  Nugeot'c  ipr<-vh,  he  drirnuin^d  not  to  rt^y 
to  bim.     Mr   Uyni;.   bowever,  undrraiood  that  Mr  I'lit  inirndnl  to 

rk  after  Lord  NugMit;  «i»d  tbe  moment  hi*  UinUhip  lai  doim.  Mr 
^  g,  Bl»d  tcrcral  nf  hii  fricndi,  to  whom  ho  had  roniinuiiicBlnl  Mr 
Plit'i  tuppot^d  iiilcniion,  called  out,  in  the  monnrr  muat  in  the  bouu 
of  conmoos,  Mr  Pilt'*  lume  >*  lirin;^  about  lo  tpr«k.  I'iii!  probably 
|ire«eiit«d  any  other  pcrMm  from  rising:  and  Mr  Pill,  finding  liiw*vlf 
Ihu*  called  upon,  and  obKrvioR  that  ilir  houtr  waiinl  to  henr  htm, 
thought  li  orMMary  lo  riae.  'lliougb  rralty  not  inlrmliug  lo  (prah. 
br  «u  from  ihe  brginning  collroted  atid  tiD«mb«rr*wcd.  Bthn  Mr 
Pilt  hod  a  *eat  tii  parliament  be  h«if  b(>rn  ■  coiitiani  atiradaat  in  tbe 
gallery  of  the  houx'  of  commun*,  awl  iM-ar  Ihe  ihroDP  in  Ibv  hoiiw  of 
lord*,  upon  every  Important  debnir;  and  wbrncvrr  be  beard  a  afiMob 
of  any  merit  on  the  aide  oppowt*  tn  hi*  own  ofiinion*.  he  ncraaioottl 
liiniM'ir  to  Hiakider,  an  it  proc««>drd,  in  what  naaner-it  niighi  b«  an* 
■wrmi;  and  when  the  »prali<-r  ocpordnl  with  Ua  own  ■rniimrnu,  b« 
thru  obaetTMl  bia  hmmIa  of  nrruging  nnd  enforciiif  hia  ideoa,  anil  con* 
udrrvd  wbalhtt  amy  UnpfoytMwil  eould  hnro  ban  rand*,  or  •bMbtr 
amy  nrgitBieni  had  bwn  uinilK^.  To  ibi*  liabit,  anil  lo  tW  prmcileo 
afawtdy  Hiniiioiinl.  of  triui\ng  (ins-It  and  Latin  into  Enfjtitb,  joined  lo 
hia  wonderful  natural  MKlowmrtit*,  may  be  aiiHbuteil  that  ulent  tor 


l^iMMi.]  WILLIAM  PITT.  St 

reply,  and  tbal  coiuRiaixl  ot  \aBgttiigr,  liir  nliirli  hn  wai  from  tlic  Krai 
■o  bifililj-  diKliu(;uiUi«d/'  Tlic  yuung  stuloiituri  tt'viiit.'d  ti>  tinvi.'  bN'n 
pleOMd  liifliueir  iiiili  Ills  fmt  vtaay.  Oii  tliv  uctt  day  lie  urucr  to  l>i> 
tutor  U  Cuubridge,  lliu  "  he  liad  beard  bis  owu  voice  in  tbc  b»u«c  of 
omnmont,  and  bad  rmon  to  be  Mti«(ieil  nicb  llie  auci-i-H  of  Itu  lint 
Mtrmpt  kt  fatriiuaentary  ^wttbing."  Oii  the  3Ibi  af  Mat-,  be  apukc 
•jtain  on  a  motion  rrUtivo  to  ibc  commiMioDen  of  publio  ui-counU; 
mimt,  for  the  tbird  bihI  ImI  tlinc  durinj;  tlie  aoMioDt  wi  tbv  ISlU  uf  Juihi, 
in  >  debate  rcRpccting  tbp  American  var.  He  t^xpruued  bimtvir,  on 
tbii  ocrjuioa,  in  iIk  moft  iudignaiit  t^nns,  reprotwiiiig  "  ibo  erudly 
aiid  impolicy  of  the  contest  ailh  oor  oolouieo.  It  vat  conceived,"  be 
•aid,  "  in  inju«iico ;  it  wiu  nurtured  and  bro(t);bt  forlb  in  folly :  it*  foot- 
»lvpi  flcre  inarknl  with  Uooit,  »lBU|[hler,  peKeculioti,  and  devattation. 
Ill  (faort,  ttvrry  thinx  tliat  vcot  l<i  constilule  moral  depravity  knd  human 
lurpitudc  were  to  bv  found  in  iu  It  dm  pregoant  with  ui*chief  of 
ever}-  kiod,  wliik  it  mislitatrd  dmruction  to  tbr  miserable  people  wbo 
were  Ibc  ileviiled  i>l>|crtji  of  IIm*  lilacli  rcwntmenw  witich  produced  it." 
Strang  to  viohinm^  a*  >ueh  language  wiu,  lii«  opeeclie*  elieited  t!ie  fol- 
lowing encooiiuu  froni  Diiudu,  afieTWAnlt  Vincounl  Melville:  "I 
cwinut  uiy  lo  Mr  Pitt'*  faiec,  n-hai  irutb  would  extort  from  me.  were 
he  abtenli  yet  even  nuw  I  inuit  Ui-clare  lluit  I  rejoice  in  tlic  good  fbr^ 
bans  of  my  country,  and  iny  fellow -•ubject«.  wbo  are  destined  to  derive 
tiht  BIOM  important  tervicei  from  to  bappy  an  union  of  flr*t-raie  abili* 
tiMi  high  inhigrity,  bold  and  bonrat  (Ddepeodcocy  of  condud,  and  IIm 
iDMt  p«r»uuivo  eloquence.'  At  the  clow  of  llie  feation,  «ome  one 
luving  ohtrnctl  ih.it  l^itt  proniiiu-d  to  he  one  of  tlie  dm  upeakcrs  ever 
beanl  in  llie  hi>u»e  of  coinmona,  Foi  iatUatJy  replied,  "  lie  is  lo  al> 
ready.*  Some  time  afterwardai  in  dlaaion  to  a  epeecfi  delivcrred  by 
I'ltt  in  Hi|iport  of  tt  motion  agaiut  tbe  lorda  of  ibe  adtniraJiy.  Dntioiug 
eonfeifaed  "  ttial  iiiarly  all  llie  •entimeiilA  wbicli  be  had  collected  in 
liu  own  mind  on  tli«  aubjecti  bail  vaninbed  like  a  dream  on  tbe  buntting 
fortb  of  a  torrent  of  eloquence  from  tbe  grealeat  prodigy  lliBt  ever  per- 
bnpe  wat  seen,  in  this  or  in  any  other  country, — a  genllcoian,  postreia- 
ing  tbe  full  vigour  of  youth,  united  with  llie  »i«daai  and  espcrienoe  of 
the  matureM  age." 

Nolwilhitanding  his  cuccesa  in  porliamcot  Pitt  ttill  eontinued  at  ill* 
bar :  on  tbe  following  circuit  ho  bcid  briefs  in  tcvrral  election  cauaoa 
of  roniiderabic  iaiporlancn  nt  Salitbur}- ;  and  had  llio  •atisfaclioD  of 
being  tjKiken  of  in  bi;;b  Irmi*.  a*  well  by  Mr  Justice  Buller  a*  thu 
lamaus  Dunning.  aftrrwoiOii  Lord  Aahburlon.  In  the  rnsuiiig  Mission 
be  voted  with  I'oi  and  the  oppoMtion  ;  strongly  ceniuriiig  Ibe  conduct 
of  iiiiiiiilm,  Lonl  North,  and  bis  friends,  particularly  with  regard  to 
iLc  American  war. 

I^rtJ  North  and  bis  Iriends  were  at  length  compelled  to  mign  :  but 
Flit,  as  he  wat  not  offered  a  scat  m  (he  cabinet,  declined  taking  ufliee 
Bnilcr  Lord  Itoekingham,  wbo  saeocedcd  lo  the  premiership.  On  tbe 
S^d  of  May,  1782,  be  mode  an  iiiisucccMful  motion  fur  u  committee  to 
inquire  into  tlw  state  of  the  rcprrsenlaliTR  vystem.  On  this  occMion 
be  spoke  Ic  tlie  following  import ; — 

"  TIte  rcprcM'otalion  of  the  ootnutons  in  parliamenl,"  be  obaervetl, 
"  wa*  a  matter  so  truly  interetfting,  that  it  bad  at  all  timea  esdted  the 
odiuiralion  uf  men  the  raoat  enlightened  ;  while  llie  delecta  fouixl  in  it 


rOLITICAL  IKRIBS. 


IK' 


hail  f>ivFii  ibcm  rraton  tt  ^ppteliead  lite  mo<t  alnnniof;  conwqn^WMk 
Tlial  il  had  lately  uiHl«n;oi>e  inairrial  allFnli«n«,  bj-  wlitch  llie  Mm- 
mom'  bouM  of  parliameut  bad  Tr<«ivM]  an  improper  and  dMgMnos 
bia*,  he  Iwlieitd  it  would  be  idl«  for  him  to  aitraipt  to  prow,  TbM 
beauliful  fraroe  of  govt-mment,  «htcfa  had  mad^  ua  IIm  Mivy  and  ad- 
niiralion  of  mankind,  and  in  which  the  people  wen  entitled  lo  hoM  to 
dininguitlied  a  tliarp,  natto  Far  dwindled  aoddrparird  TraBi  it*  original 
inrily.  that  the  re^rcMntative*  cewed  in  a  grvax  dtfjce  to  br  contn^ted 
with  the  people.  It  waa  not  hia  iotentioa  to  roirr  into  any  ioiguir; 
ntptttitg  the  proper  mode  of  relnm,  or  to  fonaidrr  what  would  moit 
oonptotaljr  tallj  and  *qaare  with  ilw  ori^'nal  frame  of  the  conslitoiion : 
(tan  h«  left  lo  A  committee :  bni  ho  Mill  lell  it  hii  duty  to  ttale  hmbc 
facte  and  drcainatHnM*  which.  In  hi*  o|noion,  made  ihb  olyret  of  rc- 
Ibnn  caKtitiallr  Dect»«ry.  lie  believnj,  rndred,  that  ihtne  was  no 
BtnlMr  oTthat  hov*c  who  would  not  acknowlrdge  that  the  rrprcM'nta^ 
tinn  wan  incoinplrtf!.  It  nai  prrfrclly  undrtvtood  that  thrre  v*n  tome 
of  the  boroogiu  unilcr  the  Inducnrv  of  tlir  trriuurr.  and  olhrn  latolljr 
po»ca*cd  by  them.  It  wai  nianl(r*t  that  luch  borongha  had  not  one 
quality  of  rcprcwntation  in  them.  They  had  no  ohaK  or  concmi  in 
the  general  intenab  of  the  country ;  and  thry  had  In  bet  no  Make  br 
which  to  appoint  giurdiani  in  the  jwpular  aocmbly.  The  inSoenec  of 
the  trraxirj-  in  Home  boroiight  was  nbo  mnicntcd.  not  hy  the  elector* 
of  tho*e  boroiif  ill,  but  by  *omc  powerful  nuin,  who  a»unied  or  pre- 
tenilcd  ID  an  lirmliinn-  pmpcrtj-  in  what  ought  only  to  be  tlic  r>);lit* 
and  pritil4-gei  of  the  dn'tnr*.  There  were  other  Uirmiiih*.  whkb  had 
now  in  fact  no  actaal  cxiitcncc  but  in  the  n-lnrn  of  ni«inl)rn  to  thai 
hoiito.  They  hwl  no  eiitt^nce  in  property,  in  populalion,  in  trade,  or 
in  wei^ilit  of  any  kind.  Another  *<n  of  borough*  and  towns  daitii<^  lo 
Ihrmtrlres  tbc  riglit  of  bringing  Ihcir  vote*  to  market  They  had  no 
other  market,  no  o4her  properly,  and  no  other  rtake  (n  the  country, 
than  the  property  end  prico  which  ihey  proritrcd  for  their  Totea.  Such 
borough*  wen;  the  n>o*t  datigerotii  o(  nil  otiien.  So  far  from  cooaalt- 
ing  thi-  iniereU*  of  llielr  country  in  the  choice  wlilcli  they  made,  they 
held  oat  ibclr  borough  to  ll>c  heM  purclia*«r;  and  tn  fact  wmeof  them 
lielongrd  Hvorr  to  ibo  ontxili  of  Arcot,  tlian  they  did  to  the  people  of 
England.  They  wefc  loaii*  and  baroogb*  more  wiihiu  llir  jnriwliclioa 
of  lh«  C'antatie.  than  the  limiu  of  the  empire  of  Great  Itritaiit :  and  it 
«■!  a  het  pretty  well  known,  whI  grnrrally  uodtivlomj,  (hat  the  nabob 
of  the  Canialie  had  no  lr«*  than  u-vea  or  right  nKmlK-ra  in  that  houM> 
There  waa  oo  man  in  that  l»iu*e  who  pnwmied  more  rrtrfenec  for  tha 
MUtitulion,  and  morr  rr«pr<1  even  for  il*  rnligi*.  ihno  hiniM-lf.  But 
h*  wn*  afraid  that  the  rr»«eiice  and  i-iftfau»ia*Ri  which  Kuglnlinira  m- 
Urtninrd  for  tbc  cooalltulion  would,  if  not  atiddeDly  prevetilrd,  br  ibc 
mean*  ofdrMroying  tl:  lor,  *Dch  waa  their  •othutiaun*  thai  they  would 
not  rvtn  rruiovr  it*  delict*,  for  fear  of  touching  itt  beauty.  B«l  «» 
grral  wa*  hi*  rcverrnc  for  the  braatie*  of  that  conalilalwa.  that  ba 
wi*hnl  lo  remoT*  tho«i  ilcfreli,  a*  be  Hearly  pereeieed  that  thry  were 
dtfrot*  wliicli  alii-ml  the  ratlical  principle*  of  the  con>tJtutton.  That  a 
lelbro  of  tbn  prr*ent  pari lamm tar)-  rrprrwaiuiioo  wa*  Indiipenaably 
DtciiaBrj,  waa  the  arnliiiM-nt  of  mmm  of  ihr  Gn>l  and  grealr«t  ekancters 
in  the  kingdom ;  and  he  ibould  alao  ofcaarra  that  ha  well  knew  it  to  be 
Uie  ••ntimeni  of  hi*  imbcIi  boaoored  6lher.  the  late  earl  of  Chatbam) 


I 


PniOD.]  -  WlttIA«  PITT.  aV 

vbo  was  firmly  of  opinion  Uiat  a  roforra  of  thp  rcprMenlaiJon  uas  ab. 
■oliitrly  rrqiiiiiitP  for  tiiv  security  of  the  liberties  of  the  people  of  lhi» 
Cfiiinliy."  He  mncliidnl  with  moving  "  ih.it  n  t^mniitU^  ahould  be 
ap|Hiiiiti!iI  10  inqiitn*  into  liic  Mntn  of  thn  rrprrimtdlion  in  parliament, 
and  to  ri-porC  In  llir  house  tlirir  uhmrvntion*  tlirrron."  Tbiii  propM[> 
lion  was  lecoiiitnl  by  Alderman  Sawbridgr,  andaupporird  l>y  SirUrorge 
Savill(i>  Mr  Fox.  aliEjouKli  then  n  minisU-r,  spoke  in  favour  of  rtrfbrm; 
fciid  iottancra  the  rouiity  of  Midillnex.  irliidi.  he  laid,  uraa  *o  littla 
reprCHiiK^,  tliat  alllioujili  it  combined  one-cifjhth  part  of  the  whole 
BdBtibrr  of  tliv  vleetum  of  Great  Britain, — altliouKli  it  paid  oii«>iixtlt 
pari  of  the  land-tax,  and  a  full  third  of  all  othn-  Uxet, — yet  it  had  not 
more  than  a  tirty>(iflb  part  of  lh«  rep  nMv  Dial  ion.  The  motion,  bow- 
ever,  on  a  diviiioi),  was  rejected :  but  the  majority  was  small,  for  it 
only  couaUted  of  40,  ilie  numbers  being  161  to  121. 

When  Lord  Shelburui.>  became  premier,  Pitt — then  only  (vreoty-tliree 
jeara  of  age — va«  called  to  the  otfic«  of  chancellor  of  (he  exchequer  i 
■ad  when,  in  the  courte  of  a  few  months  the  Coalition  drove  his  lord- 
ahip  from  ofBee,  the  premier»hip  il«e1f  waa  olfeiwd  by  Uie  king  lo  the 
youihfiil  chancellor,  but  declined.  Biithop  Tomltn«  praiaea  this  a,ct, 
and  rrgnrd*  it  "ai  fiuflicirnt  to  refute  the  cliorge  of  inordinate  anibitioa 
which  ba*  bncti  KtriMTtimn  ur^il  sk*'"**  ^^'  !'>" '"  ^"*  ■'  ">">'  fairly 
be  aafced  whether  this  act  wai  not  one  quite  as  timi^h  of  mere  prudence 
aa  •vH^dtnial?  What  chance  could  he  aniJ  his  parly  have  had  at  tlin 
Juneturei  in  rvsi>ling  a  coalition  so  powerful  and  iiidrraiij-able  «s  that 
wbiob  bad  just  jiretailed  ajtaiiiil  Sbelbunir. — a  coalitiou  too  BRainrt 
wfaieb^-aa  baa  bei-n  well  ubservt^ — afirr  Fox's  Fast  India  bill  had 
(rcbl«d  lu  tinpopularily — he  hiintdf  ttilb  lo  roucli  difficulty  ki-pl  hit 
ItnMind.  The  Coalition,  bowcTcr,  would  have  gladly  aroilrd  ihrintielvea 
of  Pitta  lalcnl*  by  rciaimn)c  him  in  tlie  ofKee  of  chaDcrtloT ;  but  lie 
percnititorily  declined  any  ncgoliatioo  with  tbc  pattj-.  When  the  ill- 
fated  India  bill  wax  brought  betbre  the  bouse,  it  experienced  a  syMcm- 
aiic  and  dctrrmincd  oppcnitioo  from  the  eac-diaoccllor  of  tlie  eschc(|a«r, 
who  chiefly  iniicted  upon  two  objections:  the  one  founded  in  the  in- 
(Hi^mrai,  or  railirr  the  violation,  of  ilie  eliarter, — the  other  on  ilic 
new  and  anconitiluliooal  influence  it  waa  calculaleil  to  create,  lie 
allownl  that  the  coTemnirnt  of  Indiii  wanted  r(Hi>rni.  but  he  couteudcti 
that  Ihi*  wa*  a  tyrannieal  alleralion  that  broke  througb  every  priricipic 
of  jnatiec  and  inti^rity.  By  llie  bill  bi'l<>re  the  house  an  attack  waa 
made  on  the  mod  lolrmn  charter*]  it  also  pointed  a  fatal  bluw  againit 
the  inti-grity  and  the  liiith  of  parliament ;  and,  in  addition  to  Ihis,  it 
broke  (hroaph  every  lie  by  which  man  was  b<>un<l  tu  nian.  The  cliar- 
Icr  in  <|ucslion<  he  argued,  was  uot  indebted  fur  its  birth  or  its  prclen- 
lion*  to  ibe  Ibolbh  pre]KHacuiofi,  or  the  mad  prodigality,  of  a  Flania- 
gMiet  a  Tndor,  or  a  Stuart :  it  was  a  fair  purchase  made  of  tin-  public, 
on  equal  Mmpact  for  reciprocal  adiantaf^va  beLii«en  tli*  |iroprlKort  and 
the  nation  at  targr.  The  Coalition  having  wrrokcd  itaelf  upon  iliii  bill, 
and  ilie  king  beinft  determined  to  shatie  off  htf  ininidcru  whatever  tlw 
eBon  iiii;:lit  nnl.  I'ittwa*  again  wlicitrd  to  accept  the  prt-micnhip,  and 
at  last  coDMUled  to  tnnkc  the  bold  experiment.  He  «ns  now  only  in 
Ills  twenly-flfth  yMr;  the  oppoaition  he  knew  he  would  have  to  vnconii- 
trr  waa  headed  by  oMn  of  the  highest  taleota;  and  the  Coalition  parly 
«aa  still  paraoioaDt  in  tlic  bouae.     Yet,  in  the  hce  of  all  tlime  obtUi- 


POLITICAI.  >■■■>«. 


ISi> 


clea,  Ae  young  HatOMUMi  UDdrnoiA  ilic  prnni^rahip,  ami  ullimaiply 
Irinmpbed  by  an  npfwfti  to  the  pi-opic  in  >  g^i'iKr^l  dcclion.  in  wbtcli 
upuardf  (if  160  of  bif  o)ipoi»rnU  iT«rc  umcalcil.  and  he  gained  tbv  ori- 
};iiial  olijri't  nl'  hi*  ambilion  in  briag  rvinnKil  tot  Cambridge,  altliough 
but  ■  tv  tnoolha  belbrc,  on  bti  ri-(iiMUiDj{  fi»  atlcuipl  to  stJiDil  tot  that 
uuiivniitjr,  •ome  of  ibc  Iwaili  uTlioaH-)  lud  alauxt  iliut  t)ic  iluur  in  iii* 
fan,  and  cxprcMMl  grcM  utuuialmiriil  "at  lite  yoau);  iiiaa'*  iinpu<l«uot 
in  daring  *o  to  dbtuib  the  pracv  o(  tlir  uciivfriiily  T'  He  bow  pami-d 
an  India  bill,  (lifirnii}'  in  leveral  poiiita  rrani  that  wbi<?h  be  bad  aiuur- 
n-uriilly  prxipiMcil  in  lliv  preceding  poriiacDViit.  Dut  lli«  ntv  miunur 
woi  plat^rd  m  a  rery  ddioale  aad  embamaiiRg  itliuiicn  by  a  notion 
of  .Mr  Atdcnnan  Sawbridge,  (June  Idll).  I704,>  •'  llial  a  coiumiliee  b« 
sp|Kiin(cd  to  tiM|uire  into  tbe  presrnt  Mai«  of  tke  coiudiods  of  Great 
Britain  in  parlameut.'  Tbe  aldvmian  affMited  to  be  deairoua  of  re- 
•igning  tbia  buniiieM  to  ili«  eliatiecllor  of  (he  eicli<qu«r,  wbo  bad  tm 
a  luriDet  oceasioti  brougbt  l(>niard  queaiiona  upon  Uie  »aiD«  aubji^l, 
and  in  wliuve  bnndi,  he  couMived,  it  «o«U  WMredty  be  attended  wilh 
«  gTMier  proxpeci  of  succca*.  Mr  I'iti,  bowetvr,  ratricalcd  binurlf 
with  great  adroitneia;  bai  frocu  llmt  inoiiietit  be  appMrt  to  liave  kmi  all 
pre^emion*  to  eoD»iriei>ry.  He  declined  (be  ]W«poul  on  account,  be 
M)d,  of  (he  prtaturc  of  public  buMBec*  wfaicb  did  not  leave  hii  luind 
auriideiiily  at  leimn  (O  coltf  OO  tke  diM|ui»iiion  and  arrangcincnt  of  a 
aubjeetio  pccultariy  OOtHpUctlMl  twl  extenaive.  lie  added,  that  "thit 
wa»  not,  in  hU  oplntOR,  the  proper  (im«  for  bringing  fomard  (he  (|ur»- 
liuu  ;  and  (ba(  i(  might  be  urged  witli  a  grrnlrr  probnbility  of  auccesa 
on  aoisa  fiitare  oceasioo."  He  devlarrd  hii  owii  icsoJutiun  to  o0rr 
•oaHthtDg  00  the  nlgert  early  in  Ibc  next  feeiion :  and  ■Ilbough  ibo 
precipitate  diicuwion  had  not  bia  approbationi  Uie  boalaeaa  ittctf  ahould 
have  every  Mipport  hf  wna  able  la  afford  iu  The  previoua  ({UMliofl 
«m  iBDvad  and  CArrittl  by  hit  triend,  LunI  Mulgrave,  towank  iIh'  elow 
of  the  debate !  Mr  Pitt  being  now  invented  with  full  |iower  a*  prciuier, 
ncniaed  all  tbe  tune<inia  of  oAofs  widMot  cbeek  or  eontral.  Finding 
that  he  poiieaatil  a  deebire  majoirily,  both  in  the  rabtnet  and  Uic  («ro 
hofiaM  of  parltameiitt  he  appi«i»  IVmu  ihia  noinetit  (o  have  yivklcd 
himarir  wholly  up  lo  a  (enipcraincn(  na(urally  lolly  in  the  extrrtnr,  and 
lo  l>aT«>  rami  ImiI  litlht  for  (hat  po|>«iUrily  whidi  he  had  courted  with 
oqual  Mwiduily  aixl  Kiccrw  ao  long  aa  it  waa  naBWiry  (o  hi«  ndiaBtage^ 
Ofl  tba  SUUi  of  March.  1766,  h«  prupoacdi  in  •  apcwh  of  tia  boun' 
duration.'  hi*  taniou*  ichrmeof  a  Sinking  futKL  Tbe  pTO|KiM[inii  whieb 
he  ■utimillcd  Iu  Ibi-  houic  vaa,  (he  apprapriatioa  of  tba  annunl  lum  of 
one  niilliuti  to  be  invariably  applied  (o  tbe  Ikjuidulion  of  ibc  naliunal 
ikbt.  Thia  annual  milKen  ha  propoaed  to  vest  in  tlic  hand*  of  certain 
oennluionen,  to  be  by  them  apjdied  ragnlarly  to  the  purchaxi  of 
Meeli :  ao  tliat  no  lum  ahould  rrcr  lie  witbia  tbo  gra>p  large  enough  (o 
lempt  him  lo  violate  Ihi*  aacv«d  depoait.     The  intcnst*  annually  dla- 

>  riii'i  IkriHrj  t  ■  •t«kv  WM  MrAlactr  ■)«««  ••  (hH  aMwrtoa.  Ua  tad  faaad 
la*  aantaf  la  matl<i«  wicarttilaaa  oa  iba  kO^kI.  an^  la  nrqnnna  lb  ■aolailoai  ha 
latwlari  M  hrtaa  feraadl  i  afta*  hattag  Uhaa  a  ilurl  odk.  LMttMf*  Hi  Ucw.  W 
diMrf  mUh  ha  MMW  aa4  u^fM^m^  Mf.  mlk  wboa  W  «wn»w4  Mlh  pwl  (aM;  and 
•ITaxiM  »Mnann>.  for  urma  ■!■•  |  h«  Ibta  uMil  Jan*  to  Itw  hMMw  aad  <«ther»il 
■■<•  tialania  uul  lar.ntMu(«a  ■)««*,  w  ¥n  ra^fartr  UraM4  II,  MlbMI  i^aM)^ 
'    "     '  f  tt  mtn\Mm.  at  flWlaB  oaa  a  i  e  iBarj  aiy  lac 


4 


P»wil|  WILLIAM  PITT-  W 

charged,  w«rr,  eanromably  to  Ihi*  p)«n,  to  ho  aiidrd  to,  nnd  incorpo- 
relc'l  will),  Uit  original  runil.^O  l>ut  it  woulil  npurnlc  Willi  n  iWtcr- 
iiiiimic  nod  accfliralc^l  velocity.  'I'hiii  Tuod  wiw  alio  lo  Ixr  iu*tM<^l  iiy 
the  nnniiittc*  grnnlrd  Inr  difl'rmiit  trmtK,  which  would  from  Uhm:  la 
time  liilt  io  wilhin  tilt?  Mmilcd  (K-ricd  of  Itti-Dty-rigtit  yriin  :  at  llir  ex- 
piration or  which,  Im-  ralculalcj  that  i)ic  fund  iruuld  producr  mi  mcoma 
i>r  Ibiir  Riillion*  per  annum  !  Tliu  cutiiiiiTiaiuiicrtt  to  be  iiomina  under 
Ihi-  act.  were  the  cKanerllor  of  dio  rscliM)uer,  llie  sjku1u.t  oTtlin  ttoun: 
oroouimoni,  thi;  mailer  of  tbe  rolls,  iJiv  gorenior  and  deputy -ftovernor 
of  the  bunk  of  England,  aod  tbe  acvoTnptHDt-Kai«'&l  of  tlut  bi(;li  court 
of  cban(«ry.  Strange  u  nay,  tlii*  eluiniy  iu)d  ridiculoiei  schrtnc  wiw 
revvived  with  a)i|irolKitioo  by  all  pitriic*.  Tilt.-  only  anieiidincnt  of  any 
inaicritl  eonsei^uencc  oigK*^''^  '*'*  Pill's  plan  wat,  in  the  progrcn  of 
tbe  InII,  of^rcd  by  Fox,  -*  thai  whi-Dcvcr  a  nuw  loan  HboiUd  bcrcaflur 
be  niadv,  the  eotnmittjaiwr*  aboold  be  empowerMl  lo  aecc|>l  tbit  loan, 
oraucb  proportion  of  it.  as  should  be  equal  to  tbe  owli  then  io  tiicir 
hnxi*;  ihr  ittic  rent  and  duucrur  anneiu-d  to  wbicb  akotild  be  ai)pli«t 
to  th«  purpoM*  of  ilic  unkiiif;  fund."  Tbis  anaendBueiit  nan  reudily  and 
cudidly  accepted  by  Pitt,  aiul  the  bill  HnaHy  ptuaed  n  lib  greM  uppru- 
baiioii.  Tbo  niere*t  tyro  in  |)oliiicu.l  arithuit-iioofour  uwn  da}*i  would 
bare  told  th«  miDiUer  that,  as  in  the  ^mily  ho  in  the  Male,  the  eieeM 
of  incone  above  cipendilure  i*  the  only  icaI  *inkiog  fund  by  which  any 
*lebti  wkMbcr  prirate  or  public,  enn  be  ditcba>^e<L' 

Id  1768  ibe  lamoe*  flcgenry  qurstioa  ua>  broughl  on  by  the  ilU 
nn)  of  his  majcvty.  A  motion  wat  made  by  l*ilt,  for  ihe  appoinlioent 
of  a  (oreimiltee  to  inspect  the  journal*  liir  precedents.  "  With  reiprct 
tD  pKCcdcnls,  llicre  wre,"  Knid  Vox,  "  iioloriuof ly  none  which  applied 
lo  the  prevent  Instance :  and  he  aliirniod  tlial  all  that  wa«  Te<|ui<tiie  to 
Ibeir  uliinisl*  deciaton  wot  now  enibodied  in  a  report  ujiun  ilieir  tabic. 
By  ibat  report  ilicy  bad  afcrrtaiDed  th<i  inespncity  of  the  soverelgDi 
ami  lie  advanced,  aa  a  pro|)iMition  deducibls  froin  lii«  principle*  of  tbe 
oOMtlUitioa,  and  lli«  analogy  of  the  law  of  hnoditary  •uccewion.  Iliat 
whcDevcr  tbe  »ovrreign  wax  incapable  of  wcarcuii^  the  funcltoiis  of  hia 
high  office,  the  bcir- apparent,  if  of  full  a^  and  capacity,  hod  n  indi»- 
pvlaUe  a  claim  lo  iIh)  csrrcife  of  Ibe  cxceutivB  authority,  in  llio  nmiia 
and  on  tbe  briialf  of  lh«  aovcrc^n,  dnrioft  bt*  incapacity,  oa  io  tli«  case 
of  hit  natiiml  dcniite." '  Pitt  imtned lately ,  with  much  apparent  wonnlli, 
dedareil.  "Ibat  the  aucrtion  which  bad  been  utndc  by  l-'oi  «a«  litllo 
•hort  of  IrOMB  agOiMt  the  com!  i  to  lion  ;  and  he  pledged  hiniMlf  lo 
prove,  that  the  heir-apparent,  io  the  instance  in  queilion,  had  oo  mon 
Icigal  rit;hl  lo  ibc  ciercite  of  llie  executive  power  than  any  other  of  bia 
tanjesly'i  iiubject*;  and  that  it  belonfced  entirely  to  the  two  rcmaiuiog 
btanefaM  of  Uia  Itgutalure  to  mukc  nueb  a  ptoriiion  for  aupplying  thu 
Utinporary  dtflcwney  a>>  they  might  ibiuk  proixr.  To  osacrt  an  in* 
liemil  right  in  the  prince  of  WalM  to  aatunie  die  Kovernmcnl.  be  said, 
«aa  virtiutlly  to  revive  iboae  exploded  ideaa  of  the  ditine  aod  indefeui- 

■  Ob  ll*  nt^eMtWid  thaaataraiod  optnllon  «f  •  ^InUnf  fiinib'  la  otiMnl,  ■■ 
Iww  nUinirtr  In  r*<Hil«r  Ih*  rcaAiT  la  aa  admlnbl*  aruvl*  To  tbe  ■  EdiDburgh  Kb- 
ilvni  toL  utii. 

■  Whoa  Foa  tru  lUtixl  hla  opinian  in  parliuBcnt  on  Ihb  Impattwt  (nlgerl.  rtll,  H 
b  Mlifc  atablocb  liapiml  bn  ihlib.  ud  wKlilwul.  "  111  ua-«bis  A*  (Hiilvman  tor 


4t  POUTK&L  WMMIKM. 

bic  Mtibirbj  of  priacui.  wUek  had  •»  jowljr  ««»k  iM» 

afantat  inio  obliTioD.     Kioga  and  pma*  (lcri««  iWr 

pM>|ilc:  MuilwiUptapkalaM^  tkruigk  tkcwgniflfcari 

tivM,  ^  it  appaftMa  lo  dacicb  «  OK*  far  wUek  Ik*  I 

Bad*  BO  ffMCific  or  ponliv*  pravino^'     ns*.  in  thit  I 

qnoiliaii,  U  wm  rcvarfcaUc  tfaot  Fox*  the  lUoily.  < 

Ikl  mdvocaU  of  lb*  |wof>kv  oppcanrf  to  ham  I 

«bo  Wd  btcn  lowtt;  uwl  jotdj  ocooed  of  itmntit^  Ak 

IHwfty,  «oo<  fcwt  thoir  iaUrpi  J  «nd  owJooo  iMtiUii.     ADi 

hr  orgnamta  ood  prinoiy  sibuom  uf  goocnMKal  oa  ■kick  ikc  ftiradi' 

of  liberty  drligkt  la  dvril  acre  BpOB  lUoOeniioo  Wgcd  b]r  I^U  Bitfc 

cncvgy  oDtl  cfeqocnM.     If  ke  *ai  mdrm  fai  lUi.  U*  Motinrau,  ■»  oOl 

•pfMor  io  tke  Mqad,  aAcmtdi  OBderw«nt  oo  attire  rrrobiiiaa. 

At  tkr  ofwning  of  tbe  aBskio  of  1193,  tko  ukfe  of  lb*  boo**  of  i 
noo*  ITM  (orcnd  viUi  prtitioas  fron  all  port>  of  iW  kJogJaM,  JMploc.  I 
ing  iW  lUwtitiMi  of  ib«  •Uve-tndc  Oo  tkc  «d  of  April  WOfanima] 
aa«od  tbt  qncctioo  ofaboliiiott  b  o  mm  doqotu  lypfrk,  to  okkk  im\ 
4tciu«d  **  Uwl  fraiB  bi*  cuttMoa  io  ibt  caoic  be  bod  faoad  .' 
tboogh  sot  kitketUt  toccm.  It  eolivsed  hb  aaUap  aad  wwbod 
owoiof-Jioan;  and  be  eooM  oot  recollect  ailbaal  liogofar  i 
thai  he  bad  dnaaadcd  jostice  tot  uUioa*  «bo  caaU  aot  aA  M  ior 
thiMwlTfi.-  WbiUbKad  diuiBCBiibed  biMetf  kj  tW  oacrtj  mi 
aaiaiuioo  of  bii  nmakt.  Me  obNmd.  -  tkal  a  facoSty  MIndod  ite 
•fgoMatt  of  UMee  vbo  ddeaded  tbk  deiaiaUe  aad  skoek%  tilde, 
la  OB  aMoaoi  oT  acUiiig  tbe  Mock  of  a  phnWliiMi.  om  of  Iba  ovideacs 
fa  At*mr  of  tbe  daie-aerchaaM  mU,  *  Ibat  tbe  alarc*  fatebcd  lees  Uioti 
tha  aMniDOD  pncA  bccaue  Aij  mtn  diBigML'  DiMgid  t  abu  b 
thU  but  ail  acbaowMgawat  ilai  tbejr  an  *«ni  doaa  by  laboori  elck- 
acM,  by  r«rf7  «|iMica  of  ill  tnatneoC  A  tnde  alteaded  wilb  iorik 
dwaiWil  e«ili  oogbt  oot  10  be  iboagbt  of:  it  caaaol  be  ittiHtftirTil  «iib- 
oat  bomr,  oor  oootinocd  vkbool  viobuog  nerjr  iMMal  aad  rdigiaBt 
oblinljon  f  Dond*!,  now  odtraoccd  Io  the  digoitjr  tff  Mxretaiy  of  Mate 
bf  tbe  laalgBilian  of  ibo  dukr  of  I..««da.  rrcocnawiKM  to  tbe  bo«M  lb« 
•doplMO  of  a  mbfaBe  aad  uodcntc  plan,  wch  at  •uoM  rrcoocilc  tbe 
iotenola  of  lb*  W«at  ladia  alaotk  «iib  tbe  eifoinal  aboUtiw  of  tbe 
Indc  I  aad  coadodcd  Inr  aatiafc  "  Ibst  tbe  word  gndoal  aiigbt  be 
faMerled  befoe  abofiiioo.  Boi  nit  dcdand  b»  iIkmM  dwapproba- 
ticM  of  ibe  ■wwodawirt :  and  in  a  tpcevb  finwgbl  witb  argMoeat  aad 
clo()ti«oee,  OM^arcd  tbe  boa*e  not  to  poMpooa  ena  Ibr  an  boor  tbe 
gfrat  and  aiMwary  work  of  aboliboo.  ••ReAtct.''  laid  b«,  -oq  tb* 
e^gbiy  ibeaMad  ptnmm  aaooalljr  tocn  traai  tbeir  aatJv*  bad  1  oa  tbe 
ooaaoetbao  wUm  mc  btokca  I  on  tbe  frienikbipa, — ■tfaclinn  iiti.  n 
btJoBiUpatbalwrobnntaMnkderl  Tbete  MMMOttUag  in  the  bonor 
of  tbb  tfade  ibal  MrpaMee  all  tbe  bound*  of  imaginatiaD !  How  akall 
«e  Mpoir  tbr  aiMchieA  vo  ban  hrooglrt  npoo  iliat  coiitiacni!  If, 
kaooiog  tbr  Biurnra  •«  ha**  eoaMd.  we  rtfuM!  wra  now  topul  a  Mop 
to  tlitm.  bow  gmlJj'  ugnntcd  wU  be  ibe  guilt  of  Britaia  r  Oa  tbe 
S7ib  of  Ibe  MOM  awalhlio  Iboe  npwed  hiaveir  oo  Ike  eanae  sotted  t 
"  1  do  not  andwalaad  eanplbMatlag  aw^r  tbe  livn  of  w  many  bnmau 
betagi.  1  do  not  oadcntaod  tb*  princ^  on  wbieb  a  fcw  todivbluab 
•nio  be  aoaplbaealed,  and  ihrir  mimb  *vt  ai  raet,  u  tbe  ri[nan.  aad 
lotaJ  McrfAea,  of  ibo  lUerctf,  ibc  •cconty,  tbe  bi^p4ac«,  of  a  wbole 


PtMOn.]  WtLtlAM  MTT.  41 

quarlpT  of  lh«  •orld,  wliioh,  from  our  foul  pnctices.  ho*,  for  a  vji-i 
knglh  of  time,  been  a  »oene  of  miipry  and  Iiorror.  I  laj,  btcaiisr  I 
Ml,  that  every  liour  jou  continue  ilit*  tmde  you  nre  gullly  of  an  olfi-tirr 
heyond  yonr  poircr  lo  atnne  for :  and  by  your  indulgence  to  llic  plnnt- 
et»  thotinnnds  of  hiimnn  hrmgn  are  lo  be  miserable  for  ever,  I  fetl  in 
infamy  nn  bcnvily,  I  un  *o  cicftrly  conrinced  of  its  impolicy,  that  I  am 
n«hnnMvl  I  hare  not  l>rrn  ablo  10  prevail  Upon  tho  fiouw  lo  abandon  it 
attofrnthc-r  at  an  inotant, — to  pronounce  with  one  voice  immediate  and 
total  aholilion.  There  ■*  no  excuic  for  un,  seeing  (hi*  infrrnnl  traffic 
an  we  do.  It  ii  the  vrry  dfaih  of  jnaticc  to  utl«r  a  «yllabl«  in  tupporl 
of  it.  Sir,  I  know  I  ittatf:  this  (object  with  wnnoth.  I  feci  it  i*  im- 
ptuuiblc  for  me  not  to  do  m>:  or  if  it  were,  I  *liouM  dctol  myiclf  for 
the  cxerciiH'  of  modemtion." 

On  the  bursting  forth  of  the  Prrnch  revolution,  Pitt — nfler  tome 
hc«itation.  wc  think— joinwl  in  the  cry  ngnind  French  principle*,  or 
ntbtr  B^inat  tlir  mmte  of  antcrling  Ihctc  principles.*  On  the  l(t  of 
February,  I7tt3,  in  moving  the  nddrei*  on  his  mnicMty'ii  iipe€«b,  tbe 
mrmbrr  bof;an  liy  adverting  to  the  execntion  of  the  French  king,  "  ibat 
act  ofmitR^te  to  every  principle  of  religiorif  justice,  and  humanity;  an 
act  which  in  thin  country,  and  thronghout  Europe,  hod  cucicrd  biit 
wi«  general  «entlm«nt  of  iudignatton  «n4  abborrvoer,  nnd  could  not 
1^  to  eicite  the  Mme  teiitlmenl»  in  every  civiliied  oation.  He  should, 
IndMd,  belter  cOMult  hU  «vn  ft^ltngs  and  thn^ie  of  the  house,  could  Iw 
drau  a  veil  over  tb(«  melnncholy  event.  It  »««  in  nil  itscircumstanna 
ao  full  of  grief  nnd  horror,  ihnt  it  must  he  a  wish  in  whlcJi  oil  united  to 
tear  it,  if  po"ible,  from  their  memorie*. — to  eipungo  it  from  the  page 
of  history, — and  remove  il  for  ever  from  the  ebiervatioD  or  coiuineuti 
of  man  kind : 

'  EiBidal  tUa  Hm  >*«■  Mc  pMtOTi  ercdiat 
(toooUT  no*  MtU  laeMDiu*,  tl  olmu  nnlta 
IfacU  ligl  tiMi«  pailann  eihnlna  CMlta.' 

ftnch,"  he  continaed,  "were  the  wordf  applied  by  an  author  of  their 
own,  lo  a  tnuiMction  (liie  maanore  of  St  nurtbolomew)  which  IiimI  »!• 
way*  been  ilrvmed  the  lUndini;  reproach  uflht.'  French  nation,  nnd  the 
borron  anil  crurlties  of  wliieli  had  only  been  cqaollcd  by  iIiokc  nlro- 
ciniia  nnd  >«ngiiinar}-  proeeediog*  wlitch  had  tierii  wilneued  in  itnme 
late  in»lance<>  But  whatever  might  be  tbctr  feelingn  of  iudi;;nntion  and 
abhorrence  villi  rcsficci  to  tltat  dreadful  and  inhuman  event  to  which 
be  had  «i't  out  with  calling  their  attention,  that  event  wua  now  put ;  it 
wa«  impoMible  that  Ibe  preMDt  a^  abouUI  not  now  be  cnnluminated 
with  the  guilt  and  ignoniny  of  having  wltneaml  H,  or  that  the  hrenih 
ol  tradition  ihonld  be  prevented  from  h&nding  it  duwn  to  posterity. 
They  could  only  now  enter  their  lolemo  proieiialiou  against  tiiat  act, 
U  oontrary  lo  ever>-  lentimcm  of  justice  and  humanity,  as  riolaling  the 
noM  tacrcd  aulborily  of  laws  and  the  «ironge«l  principle*  of  natural 
Iheling.  Ilenccs  however,  they  niiglit  derive  a  uacful  ihetiKi  of  re6eo- 
tioo, — a  IfMOD  of  aalutary  warning ;  for,  in  ibia  drvwdfol  trantactloii 
fbey  *Bw  coaecnirated  the  effect  of  tboM  priDciplea  pu*hed  to  tbeir  ut- 

*  S*u  apoloe7  bf  lbs  alinnau  of  ihli  pMtcd  In  our  noUra  of  CRimlng,  in  thia  tot- 
anal 

VII.  r 


vbckMt 

tlwcitr  of  wiy  Md  dria 

sf  tliaw  pfWBphi,  Iky  aifb  b*  Aal;  «an«4  «f  tWir  HiKiwvaM 

wttWd  Ikt  Om  Mlicrt  ^|b  M  tfe  rraxM  araHiM  b*  wiihtM 

HMirt  «M  now  mamSHg  i  b«t  rmm  tad  MiKtiMt  aJBht  y«<  he  ■!• 
leaded  wiik  tkc  ■««  hftj^el  c&Bt*(  Mrf  «Me  ikfy  prialiil  Mt  dw 
horrid  ctib  »fa>ck  1^  dhgwaal  Md  nimi  Mirttt  cimij.  a^^ 
pftWTve  oof  o^ni  ftvB  omohhB(  ft  isnc  v  iittMif  cmmm^  esd  (b^l 
No  coouderattoB  Sadnd  «nU  W  of  gmM  iafOrtMB^  Am  vhai 
iMdcd  to  avert  to  tkb  eonliy  mm*  ttMM(ti«M  m  lad  l^ca  |Im>  fa 
a  acUbowiag  Mte ;  km,  afccM  a  Maarah,  dotfcad  vidb  itet  b*io. 
lafaOiir  wbick  vaiMMatM  to  lU  cwcm  «r  A* 
Ibnaad  aa  eaeaihl  pan  of  Ae  govatHMaii  «h«*  il 
coMpaMdof  a  Bbcufo  of  deamtacf  aad  anaoon^t  aad  aWi^fcy 
Ifce  beatili  of  tfab  wftum,  wa  hid  bwa  tawplad  fraw Ab»  wJictltii 
»Mab  in  fenacr  agca  kad  tMcv  prodwcd  b;  dopoliia.  aad  «U(k  acn 
«a!7  to  be  ewNdcd  bjr  Uuxe  «UI  bok  bdtiM  avOi  aUeb  to  Ike 
friiim  iTiai  tiiil  ^ll■  'iimllo  "-nrii  fjeJir  rriiriatiniif  aai  aaai 
cfaf.  Tbc  aitaa&a  of  Ike  aoaoby.  be  mMt,  todted,  coaipan  la  tha 
tenparale  wnr.  wbirk  wu  tke  iJtairion  to  every  revpect  bat  filled  Ur 
baakk  Bad  eBjjojBiciit ;  aad  vkerv.  enjoy  tag  a  atUd.  bendScial,  rcfaUltd 
iataaaoe,  Iho  inkabifawti  ■mm  «|u»Uy  protected  inMo  ibc  ii  ninbkn 
krato  «r  Uk  lorrid;  end  ike  rigoroo*  troiu  of  ike  IH(t>d  soae*.  Cav> 
parrd  >iik  tkii  eoanlry,  obm  c^aal  prMnTiioB  wae  esteaded  to  al* 
and  thtn  «iM«d  m  bigb  a  mhb  of  oUMOal  fcUcity.  dnadful  indeed  «« 
tkc  eoatmt  aOtrded  to  ike  pfweal  ritaatioa  of  France,  ahee*  prv 
nilad  a  ix****"  ^  *^  ntoMM  Itowninaati  aad  diamler,  awl  abeta 
aawibji  Ibreogib  a  ibooMad  arcaaa  opfiaicd  lo  pMdaee  Bnaomkand 
■Iwblrft.  Sock  a  •r*tna  eoud  Mialjr  aover  Sad  li>  ■ray  tola  Ikb 
beyyy  coBatry,  ontn*  ntduMriooaly  inpiMed ;  aad  (o  puanl  aj-unrt  iko 
totrMOclkm  of  fucb  ■  ■yMrm  waa  ikeir  firvl  duly  aiid  tkeir  miMl  law 
panaMoarc. 

■*  Hh  B^^jr  kad  dedb**!  takiag  any  part  m  Die  iiilrraal  goeero- 
o»eal  of  Ftaaetk  aad  had  made  a  poHtiTii  dcdtralian  lu  that  efM. 
Wb«a  ba  uok  Ibil  wW.  gnrroa*.  and  ditiDlcraMad  noolalioa,  be  bad 
foaOD  lo  aapact  Ibu  tiw  Freacli  would  m  Mara  bava  raipecfed  ibe 
rifhif  of  biMelf  and  bk  allir* :  and  biom  of  all.  Out  thry  would  not 
ba*c  allMBptod  any  tolenul  mtcrtrrmLt-  lo  ilii*  muntry.  A  |iap<-r  on 
Um  table  eontalnnl.  on  ibeir  part  a  piMltiti-  conliad  (o  abiLua  rram 
any  of  IkoM  acta  by  wMch  ibey  bad  provoked  ibu  todigualioo  oT  Uu* 
oaaatrj.  la  Ibte  paper  tbey  dladabBed  all  vlen  of  mfgnodiatmtmii 
Ibey  Kave  MMraneee  ofibelr  good  eoodacl  to  ntwlnd  nailooi ;  they  pro* 
UaUd  MtatoM  Ibrir  raicruinrag  aa  Idts  of  biterfering  la  (lie  (Euvrrn- 
nM«l  of  Ibu  ntuntry  or  ouiing  uiy  kltenpti  lo  excite  ItiiurTrcUoa. 


w 


Pmioi>.1  WILLIAM  PITT.  48 

Upon  tli«  expn-a  |;rouiiil  thnt  >ii('h  Jiitrrii-rpdce  and  audi  attcmpU 
would  be  k  violation  i>r  iKi-  law  at  aalioo*.  Tbty  liAd  ihrmii-lvi-s,  liy 
aDticipaliOD,  pOMCil  seiili-iice  upon  ttirir  dvd  I'umluct  ;  and  the  event 
of  tlii»  evening**  di»euwion  would  di-cidi.-,  whether  thai  sc^uleaec  wuuUI 
be  conftrmcd  by  lbo«e  who  had  actually  been  injiiivd.  During  t]i« 
wliolc  Kummer,  irhik  Fninc«  hod  been  engaged  in  the  war  with  Aus- 
tria and  l*tBH:ia,  hia  nuyeriy  bad  in  no  shape  departed  from  the  neu- 
traliiy  which  bo  ha<l  engaged  to  observe,  nor  did  he,  by  the  smalkut 
act,  give  say  nnmn  to  Huspect  his  adherence  to  that  oyfttem.  But 
what,  he  woiilil  uk,  was  the  conduct  of  the  I-'rvmch  I  Had  tbey  nUo 
fanhfull)'  obHTvrd  thtiir  part  of  thn  agreement,  and  adhered  to  llie  n»- 
stiranns  which,  on  the  ground  of  hi«  majrviy'K  neuirality,  ibcy  had 
given,  to  rpjc4:tall  vicwaof  nggraniliirmcni, — not  loiiitrrlercwith  ncatral 
iiatioo*, — and  to  re*pcet  the  n^hti  of  hi*  majmly  and  hi*  allic*  ?  Wliai 
hid  been  thi'ir  eonduel  woubj  very  ta<in  a)>pr^r  Ihini  a  •tucment  of 
IkclB.  Tlx-y  hail  ilmwcd  how  lilllr-  nincere  they  were  in  Ibrir  fir«t  a*- 
uiraucrv,  b}-  ttnini-ili4(ely  diM^ovcriii);  intentions  tu  pursue  a  syilein  of 
th«  moat  unlimitwl  ag^'rsiiilizeaimt.  Thr  first  iniLance  of  iheir  >uee»s 
in  Savoy  liad  been  iiullieirnt  to  untold  the  plan  of  their  nmbilion. 
Tfaty  bad  iminedately  adopti-d  the  course  to  annex  it  lur  ever  to  their 
own  dominiOD*,  and  had  displayed  a  resolution  to  do  the  name  wher- 
ev<r  ibcy  tbnuld  c*irj'  llieir  arm*.  That  tbey  might  not  leave  any 
doubt  of  ibeir  inleniioos,  by  a  formal  decree  they  lud  tinted  their  plan 
of  overiiifning  cvci^'  goremiDent,  and  mibctituting  tlieir  own;  ibey 
thmirnrd  drsirurtion  to  all  who  'bould  not  be  inctined  to  adopt  (hcJr 
ajMaiR  o4' Ireeilnni :  and.  by  n  horrid  mockery,  oft'rrrd  fraternixalion, 
wimv.  if  it  nas  rrfoEed,  they  were  determined  to  employ  force. — and 
to  propagate  their  principle*,  where  they  tlioulil  &I1  to  gain  aMent,  by 
tbe  mentbi  of  cannon  I  They  ettabliahed,  in  ihe  JRilruQtions  to  th<i 
comaiiMloDcr*  wboni  tbey  appointed  to  enforce  Ibe  decree  with  re»pcct 
to  Ibe  coantrtea  entered  by  iJiair  araiiea,  a  standing  revolutionary  or- 
der; they  intlilutad  a  qrMMii  of  organising  dboritaniiHtion.  And  what 
wa«  Iba  reiuon  they  omgned  Ibr  all  thit  ?  '  The  period  of  frrrdotn,' 
•wd  (hty,  *  ma«l  soon  oome ;  wo  mutt  then  endeavonr,  fay  all  mcaiM  in 
our  power,  to  nceomplith  it  now,  for  ihoulil  tbi*  freedom  be  necom- 
plilbed  by  other  nation*,  what  ihrn  will  become  of  u*?  Shall  we  Ihcn 
be  lafi-?  '  It  >*  a  (jueition  indeed  which  they  might  well  put,  '  What 
will  become  of  n*?'  for  justly  intffht  tbey  rnlertain  doubt*  of  their 
•alHy.  They  had  reodcred  the  NetberlaDil*  a  province  in  iul>stnnce  as 
well  aa  name,  entirely  dependent  apon  France.  Tbe  sysiem  pursued 
by  ihe  .tnc<iibiD  Mcietiec,  in  eonccTt  wlih  iheir  eormpondent*.  Imd  given 
a  more  bital  blow  to  liberty  than  any  which  it  had  ever  suHc-rrd  I'tom 
the  boldeat  aitenipu  of  the  luoat  oaptriitg  monarch.  What  had  been 
the  clreiim»iancea  which  had  altentletl  tbe  Irianiphal  entry  ofGenend 
Dumo«irier  ?  Demoiwlralioaa  of  joy  inspired  by  terror  !  illnniinnlion* 
impiTioitUy  demanded  by  on  anned  force  I  And  when  the  primary  gs< 
kenibly  nicl  to  drlilnTiile,  in  what  cimunttanrn  did  they  njuemble  ? 
With  (he  tn^  of  lihi-rly  planled  amid«t  them,  and  rurroundtd  by  a  hot- 
law  M|iiarr  of  l-'rench  soldiers, — a  sitaation  surely  e()ii*lty  conducive  to 
the  raM  of  their  own  thongbta,  and  tbe  ftcedoni  of  their  jiubtic  di-libo> 
niton*  I  And  whol  bad  bajipened,  even  tiact  the  French  had  pro* 
feaMMl  th*ir  int4-titiirti  of  cvacnaling  the  icrrHorica  which  Ibry  bad  en* 


POLITWAL  UMXS. 


tXi-t. 


.■ttWcowlMMMi  of  the  war?     A  __, „ 

HaiMidt,  m}wMing  ihu  tt  migl>i  tw  added  m  m  n^Ug-ttk  4^ 
■ML  And  bow  kadthUdppuiuioH  beta  necncd?  llvlttei^ 
WM  l«tt  rqMKd  ?  No :  it  lud  on);  been  pwlpoaul  idl  • . 
'■■■•d  b«  «M*  lo  pRt«»  iiMtractioiH,  kov  thote  MtiM^  ■ 
^  ^(^M>  of  tW  MM  wucM,  (lioiU  b«  able  to  iMMMito  I 
«iu  rVmcc  «  a  iMkr  nd  ttmml  muMr,— to  oUv  ««r 

rid  V  tettled  by  which  it  abMiU  Migect  to  itt  ^ 
<  isd  add  tai  il*  icmturia,  trmy  oountry  wbicb  fcboold  b«  m  uk 
'  M  Is  expcrietioc  the  brce  of  iu  arua,  »ad  give  to  it>  wild  mai  ■. 
ffcilinB  oatjr  Ibf  mom:  Ibnitt  «Uli  Uww  of  lu  puwcr.  U  | 
«f  KTHw*  tawideition  bow  far  lodi  condiKl  not  aslyi 
^  th*  iadigntkw,  bat  night  tend  to  offect  the  ial«n>t»  of] 
To  *bov  bow  the  Frencii  bad  bcJiarcd  with  naftd  la  , 
,  fc*  wed  only  reCer  to  ibcir  liccn*  of  the  ISih  of  No* 
iimImis  «Im4  had  aliMdj'  l'**o  ^  o^l^  metuioood  and  W  uiplj  d»>  . 
««»<«L  SoMM  pTitfdld  MphmlMMi  bad  inilacd  boM  fjivta  wf  ihto  ■ 
*«*■«>  h«t  of  ■■  ikaM  OTpbimioMe  be  ^ouM  uy  twtbiog  bol  vbat  < 


I 


bwl  llmitj  lMw<m<1  liy'>h>  nnlilf  irrrrrin  ofiuip, — ihuiheycoo* 
Whied  o«|)r  ■■  nt«««l  ud  >  n-prtilMio  of  tbc  oOwco.  The  whole  of 
iMr  UifMfik  iMtibiboaa.  and  condud,  bnd  been  directed  lo  the  total 
mAmi^on  of  tttty  g«wrBBCtit-  To  noiurchy  ponicnlnrij  they  had 
IMlMM  tiM  iMrt  4Mid(4  annioa ;  and  m  rioU-nt  wa>  tbeir  auuty, 
Ihu  ih«  «n«M  be  MiJfd  with  BOthing  Lew  tbiui  it*  mtin  *MUtmia%- 
IliiR.  lW  Vtoodj  BMlMioe,  which  Um  hand  of  the  nwMria  had  latn^ 
i^rrM  Imm  u««ution  apinH  their  o«n  monardi,  wa>  pMMd  «giiait 
lb*  M>vrrvl^«  of  all  oountrin  I  ^^'cre  iiut  time  priMiplM  iauadid  la 
lin  «|>|>lii"l  hi  ibrir  elTMl*  to  (bit  gorrrnmcDt?  No  lockt;  io  lUn 
<«>iiitlry.  hitwovrf  •inftll  ia  BBmbrr,  however  conlemptiUot  bowntr 
«f  Ml  i|HMllviiabl«  In  Ktiileim-,  had  M-nt  addmvra  to  tlwir  UMfnUy,  in 
wliti-li  Ibiry  iMd  Hpnwcd  touliwcnt*  of  wdiiion  Md  imaon.  which  had 
not  l>^i>  titHitvcd  with  a  dttgroo  «rca  ofUiMtricaJ  utinTi^Dce,  and  cbtf<- 
Uliiil  mIi'i  *"  ■'■«  rnthuiium  of  congenial  feeling.  Need  be  then  a^ 
ll'  l')ii|tliii>'<  "•*  nut  aiai«l  at  in  thi*  conduct,  and  if  it  alone  w»  to  be 
rii<i>t|il>'<l  f'"i»  the  coiMe(|uciicv»  of  a  tjitem,  tbp  pfofiiaon  of  which 
«•«  ■riHid'j.  •»"J  which  ai-«ni«d  to  ai>]>ii«  to  wmblhh  imivarMl  do- 
wlnlMN  uiMiU  the  rwin  of  evwy  gor«rDinent  ? 

•'  On  In*  •wb)'«t  of  Iba  liololion  of  the  riglil«  of  bi«  majcnty  and  hie 

lllln,  h»  bad  tirtily  on  a  foniM-r  oceouon  »|iokoo  at  tome  IrngjUi.     lis 

fid  rialtd,  ll-'l  >'■«  unljr  tbim  which  tbc  I'rcticb  could  ban  to  inKr- 

ii»  aa*t||atJ<>*i  ^  ^  Schcldi,  mua  riihtt  be  ia  the  an 

,  I   of  eoveni^  at  the  Low  CouRirir^  or  aa  uki^  to 

liw  ««•>  of  tht  arbtffn  of  Europe.     The**  wan  tb« 


Mil** 


(■llfMIU 

rtg&VaM 

■  af  traalitn  to  protect  Uw 
rJcMiMibe  SaMdk     Aa  to 

Dalcb  to  th^  an. 
ttogMini  ormMka 

t      ..      I*        K 

■jwinaaaatf 

•M*  Hipm  pertapn  D«*w  had  aqcanvd  thaa  ihaa 

«  a»p— ftd 

[  to  Iba  tortaa»  of  tbeir  cnadi 

■rtrtfcrn^mintba 

*1f    *■■    -    ' 

f**  thk  iMhtogiaMt  Ihej  hnd  nrivai 

Miri  M«n  aM^aanw 

« 

1  thm  *^  rulniiic  phrde|[«  of  aangatinf  tW  Si*il<h  wwa  raa> 

^  Mftain  F*)*^*F^  *'*^  rayni  to  lb*  f%bl>  of 
^  «<ld  w  thMT  Itowty.  wd  to  catif* 


(V*. 


peactio,  Ibr;  ttcwa.  fntm*  tfcnt 


T 

f 


,J  WILLIAM  PITT. 

the  trrsty  on  which  wiu  rniinilril  ihc  cxdiisivi'  ri)tht  of  li>vi;;atti>g  tlie 
Scheldt  wu*  aniiquaird  oiid  «bsoli-tc,  aiid  liad  bcfumi.-  no  luugvr  bind* 
ingi  ihoogh  thi-y  had,  upun  rcccivia]*  tlii-  usura.ii(M.-s  of  )ii«  tuajtMy's  iu* 
lentioDs  of  ni^utrulity.  )il<.-df[i.-d  theiuM'lvts  to  kii  ub&vrvance  of  all>Uie 
*ub»»tiiif;  tri-alit's.  Tlic  prcitucM  which  they  all»g«d  upOD  this  oeoa- 
•ian  were  iuiiiwd  nucli  an  equally  wc-ut  to  weaken  tlie  Toroe  of  «verjr 
treaty,— (o  remotre  every  oblig&lloti,— ^Dd  lo  defclroy  all  cOBldeon 
between  nations.  From  what  had  paued  in  a  former  part  of  tbe  ercn- 
iug,  be  understood  thai  it  would  be  urged,  lliat  the  Dutch  had  m&de  no 
formal  requiutioii  fur  tlie  aupport  of  ttii«  country,  in  orti«r  to  rfnin  tlie 
opening  of  the  Scheldt  by  the  trench,  and  to  coablo  tiino  to  maintain 
Uieir  ri^ht  to  the  excliui«c  navigation  of  lliat  river.  He  grvoicd  lliat 
BO  such  formal  requtaition  bad  been  made.  Hut  might  there  not  be 
prudential  rea»ons  for  not  making  thi«  requisition  on  tJ^ir  part,  very 
different  from  lho«e  wliicb  cbuuld  induce  thic  connlr)-  to  withhold  its 
»u)>port  ?  When  the  I'Veocii  opcn^l  the  Scheldt,  the  Dutch  cntrrei 
their  (olrmn  prolcftt  Dgainit  that  iiivntion  of  their  right*,  whicJi  left 
thrm  at  lilxrrty  U  any  lime  to  take  it  up  u*  an  net  iif  h<»lility.  If, 
frurn  the  sudden  progress  of  the  Freticli  nrmn.  and  the  circiim*taDcn  of 
llieir  furcm  being  at  their  very  door,  tbey  cither  from  pradenee  or  fear 
did  not  think  proper  lo  take  it  up  a*  an  immediate  comnenoenMOt  of 
hoMililicB,— because  ihey  had  been  limld, — would  En^and  tidak  ItMlf 
entitled  la  leave  iu  alliet,  already  involved  in  a  lituatma  of  inakMM 
danger,  to  that  certain  ruin  lo  which  ihcy  were  ciposrd  in  conneqacoea 
of  a  tysteni  the  principle  of  which  lIiiTatcncd  nbo  dtatructioa  to  Eog- 
Und,  lo  ICiiropci  and  to  IhcBhotr  of  mankind? 

"  Thiu,  in  nil  iboae  three  2f«uniiicea  which  Ibey  had  Kiven  of  tbcir 
intention  to  nject  any  ay»4em  of  aggrandizement,  to  abstain  from  inter* 
fering  in  the  government  of  any  neutral  oouniry,  and  to  respect  the 
rigkta  of  Ilia  mufttty  and  of  In*  allies,  they  hnd  entirety  failed,  and  in 
Bvery  re«peci  oomplctely  revrr»cd  that  tioo  of  conduct  which  ihey  bud 
•0  iK>lemnly  pledged  themaclvva  to  adapt-  Whaterer  they  had  adeeed 
under  the  name  of  explanation*  contained  oothing  that  nther  afforded 
any  cumpcnution  for  the  post,  or  was  at  all  Mliatitctory  with  ronccl  to 
the  future.  Tlicy  liad  staled,  that  they  would  evacuate  the  Neihef- 
bncb  at  the  coodanon  of  tbe  war^upon  a  promise  *o  illusory  there 
eoohl  not  be  ihu  smollc*!  ground*  of  dependence.  With  resprct  lo  the 
dearM  of  tlie  19lh  NuvembM',  ibey  had  made  no  apology  for  the  man- 
BV  )b  which  they  liad  received  acditiuus  addresses  from  lliis  country. 
Tboy  ataled,  indeed,  that  it  was  injuriou*  to  them  to  auppoae  that  thry 
wmld  interfere  in  any  goverameul  wiiliout  a  previou*  express  drdara* 
tion  of  tbe  national  will;  but  ihcy  bad  left  ihemaelveti  tu  judge  what 
was  vufficient  lo  cooalilule  that  declaration  of  tli«  national  will ;  and 
lhu«  allowed  this  deerec> — which  in  &ct  waa  nothing  else  than  an  ud- 
vertiseuient  for  sedition  in  every  country' — (0  mnain  in  full  fvree.  AihI 
what  io  Ihrir  opinion  wa*  to  constitute  a  dMlarUion  of  the  nalioool  will 
we  could  oaty  judge  of  Iron  the  cuaoocr  in  which  tliey  had  rrccivi4 
•«diitou«  addreaaea  from  a  minority  in  this  country, — pu  small,  that 
iboMe  who  were  disputed  lo  put  tbe  oonduct  of  the  French  io  ikc  inotf 
favuorabie  point  uf  vii^w,  held  tlielo  OOl  as  loo  conlnaplibic  for  notitMS 
Iktw  addreiea  they  received  «a  espreaaive  of  the  sentinwrnU  of  Uia 
pMpla  of  Great  Britain,  tbe  graU  ituyority  of  whom  be  was,  however. 


h 


roLiTiCAL  mhiu. 


hafpy  to  Hjr,  dpiertvd  their  prinriplra. — prinriple*  which,  if  one* 
adeptedi  would  invoilTr  in  them  the  ruin  of  our  happy  cofwtilution,  ami 
tht  dcBtni«liaR  of  our  country.  Bml  introdvc*  mnhy  auci  all  tkoM 
•cefiM  of  horror  with  which  the  country  which  had  hatched  them  wm 
now  «IHi«tcd. 

"  But  tiic  potipncc  of  thr  hooM*  »nd  bb  strength  would  f»H  him 
•hovld  h*-  proci-nl  to  state  all  llir  fitcts  conm-ctnl  with  the  [impo*itiODS 
which  he  now  mriuit  to  Iny  btrlbrv  lh«ii>.  On  tb«  £7tb  of  Dfcvmbcr 
M.  ChanTclio,  an  the  port  of  ibr  rxecvti-n  aMiBCil.  had  preMHtnd  th« 
note  com  plain)  P|;  of  the  injurious  comirwctlon  of  the  d»ere«  of  the  19th 
of  Navrrobrr.  On  tli«  3UL  of  Decetubcr  a  member  of  llmt  txccuiira 
eoaneil  (minister  of  the  marine)  addrcMed  a  letter  to  all  the  frienik  of 
liberty  in  the  *cft-ports ;  from  which  he  would  now  read  aome  pMMgeat 
<  Tie  gotemment  of  Eoglaad  i»  araiiog.  and  th«  king  of  Spain,  n»* 
counged  by  thiit  i*  preparing  to  BUii>ck  u^  TIum  two  tvrannieal 
powert,  after  peneculing  ihp  ptttriot*  on  tlu-ir  own  larriloma,  think,  on 
doobd  that  tbey  diati  be  able  to  influcncn  the  jadgHieM  lo  be  pro- 
Douo«ed  on  llw  tyrant  Louis.  They  bopr  la  fn)(htpn  u*:  but  no, — a 
people  who  have  made  tht-miclvt*  free. — a  prapir  who  htrv  driven  oat 
of  tite  boaom  of  France,  and  as  far  a*  the  ilistnul  bordi-rs  of  iht  Rfato^ 
tha  terrible  anDy  of  the  Prussians  and  Auitriaiis, — the  people  of  Pnian 
wiL  Dot  sufTcr  lairs  to  b«  dictated  to  tlicm  by  a  tyrant !  The  kinj^  and 
kit  pAriiaiDCfil  mean  to  moke  war  n^^iunit  u>.  ^^'itl  the  Englii.h  repub- 
SoM  aofler  it?  Already  ifaeso  Im;  nxrn  *how  their  disrontrnt,  and 
lb*  rsfngnanc*  wbich  th«y  havw  to  bear  anm  a^tnst  ihcir  brothetv 
Ibc  Frrneb — Well*  ye  will  fl;  to  ibeir  auccourl — We  will  make  a 
dMcml  on  the  i*land — We  vill  lodfe  then;  fifty  lliouniMl  «pi  of 
liberty — We  will  plant  there  th«  lacred  tree,  and  we  will  atnUb  ««t 
oor  anna  to  our  rqnibtieao  brcUirrn — the  tyranny  of  ihnr  govtrametit 
will  toon  Ik  destroyed  I'  He  called  llic  attcniion  of  the  home  to  tbi* 
drcUralian,  which  dtstinguishi-d  the  F.o)(li*h  propln  fro«n  the  king  and 
lh«  poiliomrot-  While  such  drclarations  were  madr,  what  conn  ba 
thoagbt  of  any  eiplanalion*  which  were  preleodcd  to  be  givrn,  orwhat 
ertdlt  was  due  lo  the  aHcrtion*.  that  tliry  entertained  no  inlcMioH 
beatlb  to  the  gavemmcnt  of  thb  conntiy  ?  Prom  all  Ibeae  drcuMi* 
Maneaa  be  condudi-d.  that  the  euoduct  and  preteouoos  of  the  Prcndi 
vartalicb  U  were  nrilher  eofisiNrcnt  with  the  cxisteliee  or  Mfiety  oftliia 
covnujri— auch  a*  lliat  hou>e  could  not,  and  he  waa  oooMcM.  ncrcr 
wmU  Kt|iil<«ce  In.  Their  explanatiooa  bad  only  beeti  renewed  h»- 
nlth  aid  Inatead  of  reverting  to  ihoae  aawranna  with  wlilcli  Ibey  Iml 
originally  tet  oat,  Ibey  now  allowed  themaelvH  determined  to  mMMaui 
the  gronnd,  aucb  aa  It  wa*,  upon  which  tbey  atood  whh  ra*peet  lo  tbi* 
coonUy.  In  iha  laal  paper  which  had  been  dctivenK!.  tbey  bad  giwa 
in  an  ultimatum,  alaling  that,  uuli-w  yuu  nceept  nicb  aaiiahrlMa  m 
they  have  ihuagbt  proper  to  give^  tbey  will  prqnre  fur  war.^^nleaa 
you  iben  teeedc  from  yxir  princiBlaa,  or  ihry  wiilulraw  it,  a  war  atn*t 
be  the  eonac<)aciice.  Ai  to  tiie  lime, — Iha  prroiw  momaat,— 4ic 
UiouM  nol  pretend  to  &x  U :  it  would  be  Irft  open  lo  the  laal  br  any 
mlalblnrj  asplaBalton  t  bat  he  *hould  drcriTe  Ibem  if  bf  ifaould  My. 
thai  hn  ihoogbt  any  mrh  npUnalJon  would  bo  given,  or  ibai  it  woa 
probaUe  that  a  war  eoabl  ba  avoided-  Rallirr  (lian  recede  from  Our 
prinvlplta.  war  «■•  prelerable  to  a  praer,  which  conid  ncUher  be  coo- 


Pbm*».)  WII.[.tAU  PtTT.  42 

»i&t«Dt  witli  ihi-  iuimial  tranquilltiy  iior  cxlenutl  Mfety  of  ihU  coiinlry  1~ 
llo  lli«ii  iitovpU  an  uddrcM  oriliank>  lo  hbnajest^.* 

llie  union  with  Irclaiiil  u'a«  a  Hkioutilo  project  if  l*ilt.'»,  anil  mnicily 
riTcctfd  by  his  seal,  skill,  KDd  tlelcriniualion  ;  but  it  mu  ii|M^rdily  fol- 
lowed by  the  ininitte'r'a  Nsignatioii,  vhen  Iw  fnund  that  he  could  not 
fulfil  the  hopr-R  ho  hiul  hrld  out  lo  llin  Iriili  (.'ntholiu,  pcndiiifC  tli<: 
Union  niigotintion*,  of  lli«  Trmarfil  or  oil  tlii-ir  political  tliabililioi.  On 
UivSlst  of  January,  mOl.bcoildnwrd  tliv  following  notu  to  his  niaj«*t)'; 

"  Mr  Pill  would  hav<:  felt  it,  at  nil  ^vcllta.  Ilia  iluty,  prcviotm  lo  the 
aieetuig  of  pnrliamciiL  to  (ubinit  to  your  majoty  the  rvtiult  of  lli« 
beat  coijtitlrratiun  which  your  confidential  *ervant«  could  givv  lo  the 
inapottant  i|ucstiuni  nujicclitig  tlii!  Culluilic*  and  DiisenierB,  which 
niuxt  Dalgrnlly  be  aplalvd  in  coniiM|u«Dee  of  the  Union.  Tli«  kouw- 
ledge  of  your  iuaje>ty*i  k'-'O'^'^  iiidiBpo*itioii  tu  any  chaiit^c  of  the  law* 
on  this  lubjcct,  would  havt^  mndt^  this  a  painful  luk  to  him  i  and  it  b 
become  much  more  bu,  by  ttaruiii)*  from  sonae  of  his  colleagues,  and 
from  other  (|iuirt<.-ni,  wilhiii  Ihese  IVw  daya,  th«  extent  to  H'hich  your 
auiieuy  eoterlaiiii,  aod  has  dcelar«d,  that  aenlinwol. 

"  Ele  trasts  your  lu^ifsiy  will  bf^lieve  that  every  principle  of  duly, 
gratitude,  and  allBchmrni,  must  make  him  look  to  your  majesty'*  eiui; 
and  ntialaction,  in  prrfrrcncc  to  all  conn  idem  tioni,  but  Ihoie  arining 
Irom  a  M-n*e  of  what,  in  his  honcM  opinion,  is  due  to  the  ri~al  interest 
of  your  uiHJeikly  and  your  doniiuioiia.  Under  the  imjireiMion  uf  tbu 
opinion,  hu  haa  coneurred  in  what  uppeurrd  to  be  Ihe  prevailing  acii> 
linicnls  of  Ihv  majorily  of  tlui  eahinet — tliat  the  atlmissiou  of  the  €«• 
tholio  and  Disseulcn  to  offices,  and  of  the  Caihulics  to  pariiament, 
(from  wbieh  laller  the  DitMntcra  are  now  excluded,)  would,  ntider 
certain  ooodiliont  to  be  spcciScd,  be  highly  advisable,  with  a  view  to 
the  tran(|uillily  and  iroprorcoienl  of  Ireland,  aud  to  the  general  iDlrml 
of  tile  United  Kingdom. 

"  For  himself,  be  is,  mi  luU  conaidcfation,  conrincftd  that  the  mca* 
aarc  vould  bu  attended  villi  no  danger  lo  the  ealablished  church,  or 
(o  the  Proleslant  ioU-rcst  in  Great  Brilain  ot  Ireland :  thai,  now  the 
Union  has  takt-n  place,  and  with  the  new  proviiions  whieli  niak« 
pari  of  the  plan,  it  could  never  give  any  »uch  weight  in  otBce,  or  in 
parliameiili  etiher  to  Catliolicn  or  Diuc-nter*,  as  coutd  give  than  any 

>llr  PIU.  aijt  KoholU,  In  hli  ■  Bmllcellont,'  ■•wMlgnorsnt  iiol  onlv  of  Itia  caiMM 
of  (ha  Phach  nvoluUsa,  but  of  llw  <lniif[l1i  of  FVuca ;  be  tin  w  liule  ac^wintfj 
■Itb  lb*  nmmutm  ot  )bM  rouoltf,  aod  *llli  tUe  BDcrgic*  ol  ahleb  •Iw  ■■•  «api>l>lo 
whM  tin  whole  fan*  wat  mil  tn  moliM,  thai  1m  IwJ  ptimailod  falmttir  iliil  Prant'o 
cialit  notaanyon  lb*  warnv  di  nmitbi  ba  bald  Ibb  lanciiaao  lo  M-  Klit^i  Ja  vi 
CN4(,  who  bid  taia  nloliUr  for  rorvl^  ifMn  In  Waniw,  oo  Ibe  10th  ot  Aui[iui. 
ITM.  M.  Ja  S(  Cnd>  bad  amignted  lo  ElURland  btlitHn  lb*  IMi  of  jtofau  and  ilia 
(«il  ol  Ihal  TMr.  Wb«a  (b«  nHilnlion  lo  darlatc  ••«  i^nM  France  wa>  aboul  lo  I  lu 
lakaa,  Mr  Kll  diaoaurw.!  on  tba  Hihjwl  wllb  tbia  grnllemui ;  be  pilatnl  oiit  t"  11.  .Iv 
Si  Cnila,  ItuI  M  HDuld  bi.  impwllilo  (or  Prance  to  «onllniir  the  mr  for  man  iluin  lii 
ncM^  *•  •!»  had  no  Itnannia.  M.  de  SI  Ctolt  rrplivl  In  hi<n.  *  8i>.  </  ]iia  knOH  iLo 
naaoraaaoT  FmiaB  ■•  nil  ul  bsovi  tb«ai,  jnu  aoiild  k»>w  ihu  iha  i>  tuptMe  of  <*r> 
rriog  aa  wu  Gu  a  traBI  Isniflh  of  linoL'  WWn  tir  f^li  prtHail  him  oii  (bn  vlfraiii- 
tUfc*  of  bar  Bauiew.  H.  da  Si  Ltoii  anmrad,  '(ur.  Pnnn  b  man  powDiful  lii>- 
faiiM  tb«  bai  nul  wbil  you  tall  ftniocta ;  iIium  wbi>  ara  in  |MiHMian  of  the  Koivm. 
waal  wUI  nl  all  foaptitf  In  iq^vMUh.'  I  bad  Ihe  amunl  nt  Ihii  oonienalinn  Cnai 
H.  da  8t  Oata  hlwailft  aad  ba  added,  Ibal  (hnn  llui  Liout  Hli  Piii'i  d«vr  nt  al*an 
Ibali     ~       ■■     - 


■«ri 

pevcn,  ■»  M  laager  ■p^finU»HlW{ 
Tim.  «itt  MVed  to  lfc«»  tf4m~ 

IW 

!  to  the  oxhaln  «r  I 

71m  viik  naptci  to  iW  CBthoBn  «f  lnlM<  < 

of  *kM4  A» gfcrt *c«M  I II II II I iHy !■- 
;  bt  ptoniHl,  by  padMK^  MtocUai;  the  pOfM  diio  to 


fan  af  Ihrir  prariMW  (aate  pmpar  ngaktiaM)  «■  the 

to  lapuiatofcau  aaJ 

Ifca  gmmi  JmttMttU  aftha 

of  lh>  Mrtaflaa  aad  gewt— ft.  Bight  baiftitidly 

I  h)r  nqiMag  *•  paOtical  tot,  bvlbfa  n<rft«4  to,  fem  tha 

«r«0  CWhoUe  or  DtonAi^  eo^rapMhw,  aad  *eai  ib* 

I  ar  flchaow  aC  CMfy  of#ofaiaalMMi> 

*■  If  M  oa  Ifctaa  yriadptn  Mr  Piii  bvaiUy  Maerivcs  »  arr  froaHtjr 

Might  ha  ablalaad  fc*  the  civil  ud  tedMiiwteal  ew<tlna  of  iliit 

gaaatiy.  wton  apyiitabU  w  It*  pnamt  circuiBilaaeti.  men  fraa  6mb 

tMrvtmi,  and  nran  (flictaal  ia  iiwK  llua  raj  which  m>«  cxmM^  and 


Ih*  aall*d  pafflamnt.  ufcnl  (h«  brat  cKaorv  of  pring  Tall  rl^t  la  Uw 
Ktadl  lA'^t  of  iIm  tililOD — Ihil  of  UBiM|uUlilii>g  Irrluid,  mid  Ut«ehilig 
II  lo  ilil*  cvmnUy. 

"  It  li  «ltb  liMtprrMlbhi  ragrtt,  •Aer  all  he  bow  know*  of  yvur  wm- 
i»»*f'»  •Miilmrnta,  Uut  Mr  Pftt  Iraubin  jom  imgrttf.  thm  at  tarRfs 
«iih  (b*  jtriMral  gninBib  of  hn  opiuioa,  and  fiiKl*  liiawrir  oUigtd  to 
add,  Ibal  ihia  ii|iinlan  i*  ulullrnbljr  flird  in  bi*  mind.  It  BUial  tbttv- 
ftira  ■MiinNlftji  ((iildr  Id*  puliiU-al  rondHrl,  if  il  iImhiIiI  b»  ynar  mafca- 
tf'»  ptrtautr,  Uiai.  alUf  tliui  prrMimiiig  lo  opm  hinwlf  Tally  to  joar 


1 


PlHOD.)  WILLIAM  PITT.  49 

majesty,  he  should  remain  in  that  responsible  situation,  in  which  your 
majesty  has  so  long  condescended  graciously  and  fe*ourably  to  accept 
his  services.  It  will  afford  him,  indeed,  a  great  relief  and  satisractlon, 
if  he  may  be  allowed  to  hope  that  your  majesty  will  deign  maturely  to 
weigh  what  he  has  now  humbly  submitted,  and  to  call  for  any  explana- 
tion which  any  parts  of  it  may  appear  to  require. 

"  In  the  interval  which  your  majesty  niay  wiali  for  consideration, 
he  will  not,  on  his  part,  importune  your  majesty  nith  any  unneceEsary 
reference  to  the  subject ;  and  will  feel  it  his  duty  to  abstain  hiuiaclf 
from  all  agitation  of  this  subject  in  parliament,  and  to  prevent  it,  as  far 
as  depends  on  him,  on  the  part  of  others.  If,  on  the  result  of  such 
consideration,  your  majesty's  objections  to  the  measure  proposed  should 
not  be  removed,  or  sufficiently  diminished  to  admit  of  its  being  brought 
forward  with  your  majesty's  full  concurrence,  and  with  the  whole 
weight  of  government,  it  must  be  personally  Mr  Pitt's  first  wish  to  be 
released  from  a  situation  which  he  is  conscious  that,  under  such  cir- 
cumstances, he  could  not  continue  to  fill  but  with  the  greatest  disad- 
vantage. 

"  At  the  same  time,  after  the  gracious  intimation  which  has  been 
recently  conveyed  to  him,  of  your  majesty's  sentiments  on  this  point, 
be  will  be  acquitted  of  presumption  in  adding,  that  if  the  chief  ditRcuU 
ties  of  the  present  crisis  should  not  then  be  surmounted,  or  very  mate- 
rially diminished,  and  if  your  majesty  should  continue  to  think  that  bis 
humble  exertions  could,  in  any  degree,  contribute  to  conducting  them 
to  a  favourable  issue,  there  is  no  personal  difficulty  to  which  he  will 
not  rather  submit,  than  withdraw  himself  at  such  a  moment  from  your 
majesty's  service.  He  would  even,  in  such  a  cose,  continue  fur  such  a 
short  further  interval  as  might  be  necessary,  to  oppose  the  agitation 
or  discussion  of  the  question,  as  far  as  he  can  consistently  with  the  line, 
to  which  he  feels  bound  uniformly  to  adhere,  of  reserving  to  himself  a 
full  latitude  on  the  principle  itself,  and  objecting  only  to  the  time,  and 
to  the  temper  and  circumstances  of  the  moment.  But  he  must  entreat 
that,  on  this  supposition,  it  may  be  distinctly  understood,  that  he  can 
remain  in  office  no  longer  than  till  the  issue  (which  he  trusts  on  every 
account  will  be  a  speedy  one)  of  the  crisis  now  depending,  shall  admit 
of  your  majesty's  more  easily  forming  a  new  arrangement ;  and  that  he 
will  then  receive  your  majesty's  permission  to  carry  with  him  into  a 
private  situation  that  afiectionaie  and  grateful  atlachioent,  which  your 
majesty's  goodness,  for  a  long  course  of  years,  has  impressed  on  his 
mind — and  that  unabated  zeal  for  the  ease  and  honour  of  your  majes- 
ty's government,  and  for  the  public  service,  which  he  trusts  will  always 
govern  his  conduct. 

"  He  has  only  to  entreat  your  majesty's  pardon  for  troubling  you  on 
one  other  point,  and  taking  the  liberty  of  must  respectfully,  but  expli- 
citly, submitting  to  your  majesty  the  indbpensable  necessity  of  effi>c- 
tually  discountenancing,  in  the  whole  of  the  interval,  all  attrmpts  to 
make  use  of  your  majesty's  name,  to  inftuvncc  the  opinion  of  any  indi- 
viduals, or  descriptions  of  men,  on  any  part  of  this  subject." 
To  tbis  statement  the  king  returned  the  following  answer: — 

"QL'Eeh's  Hoi;se,  Fibnary  IK,  IttO). 

"  I  SHOULD  not  do  justice  to  the  warm  impulse  of  my  hpart,  if  I 

VII.  G 


so  POLITICAL  SBBIU.  [Nl»n 

entered  on  tbe  tabject  rotwt  unpleasant  to  my  mind,  witbont  fint  ex- 
prening  tfaU  the  cordial  affection  that  I  hftve  for  Mr  Pitt,  aa  well  as 
high  opinion  of  hii  taJenta  and  int^rity,  greatly  add  to  my  uneasinesa 
on  ihia  occaaion  ;  but  a  sense  of  religions  as  well  as  political  duty  has 
made  me,  from  the  moment  I  mounted  the  throne,  consider  the  oath 
that  the  wisdom  of  our  fore&thers  has  enjoined  the  Icings  of  this  realm 
to  lake  at  their  corODation,  and  enforced  by  tbe  obligation  of  instantly 
following  it  in  the  course  of  the  ceremony,  with  t&king  the  sacrament, 
u  so  tnoding  a  religious  obligation  on  me  to  maintun  the  fundamental 
maxims  on  which  our  constitution  is  placed,  namely,  the  church  of 
England  being  the  established  one,  and  that  those  who  bold  employ- 
ments in  the  state  must  be  members  of  it,  and  conseqnently  obliged  not 
only  to  lake  oaths  against  popery,  but  to  receive  tbe  holy  communion 
agreeably  to  the  rites  of  the  church  of  England. 

"  This  principle  of  duty  must,  therefore,  prevent  me  from  discussing 
any  proposition  tending  to  destroy  this  groundwork  of  our  happy  con- 
stitution, and  much  more  so  that  now  mentioned  by  Mr  Pitt,  which  is 
no  less  than  the  complete  overthrow  of  the  wliolc  fabric. 

"  When  the  Irish  propositions  were  transmitted  to  me  by  a  joint 
message  from  both  houses  of  the  British  parliament,  I  told  the  lords  and 
gentlemen  sent  on  that  occafion,  that  1  would  with  pleasure,  and  with- 
out delay,  forward  them  (o  Ireland ;  but  that,  us  individuals,  I  could 
not  help  acquainting  them,  that  my  inclination  to  an  union  with  Ireland 
was  principally  founded  on  a  trust  that  the  uniting  the  established 
churcbea  of  the  two  kingdonia  would  for  ever  ihut  the  door  to  any  far- 
ther measures  with  respect  to  the  Roman  Catholics. 

"  These  two  instances  must  show  Mr  Pitt  that  my  opinions  are  not 
those  formed  on  the  moment,  but  such  as  I  have  imbibed  for  forty 
years,  and  from  which  I  never  can  depart ;  but,  Mr  Pitt  once  acquainted 
with  my  sentiments,  his  assuring  mc  that  he  will  slave  off  the  only 
question  whereon  I  fear,  from  his  Utter,  we  con  never  agree, — for  the 
advantage  and  comfort  of  continuing  to  have  his  advice  and  exertions 
in  public  affairs,  1  will  certainly  abstain  from  talking  on  this  subject, 
which  is  tbe  one  nearest  my  heart.  I  cannot  help  if  others  pretend  to 
guess  at  my  opiniou?,  which  I  have  never  disguised;  but  if  those  who 
unfortunately  differ  with  me  will  keep  this  subject  at  rest,  I  will,  on  my 
part,  most  correctly  on  my  part,  be  silent  also;  but  this  restraint  I  shall 
put  on  myself  from  affection  for  Mr  Pitt,  but  further  I  cannot  go,  for  I 
cannot  sacrifice  my  duty  to  any  consideration. 

"  Though  I  do  not  pretend  to  have  the  power  of  changing  Mr  Pitt's 
opinion,  when  thus  unfortunately  lixed,  yet  I  shall  hope  his  sense  of 
duty  will  prevent  his  retiring  from  his  present  situation  to  the  end  of 
my  life,  for  I  can  with  great  truth  assert,  ibat  1  shall,  from  public  and 
private  considerations,  feel  great  regret,  if  I  shall  ever  find  myself 
obliged,  at  any  lime,  from  a  sense  of  religious  and  political  duty,  to 
yield  to  his  entreaties  of  retiring  from  his  seat  at  the  board  of  treasury." 

This  answer  lefl  the  minister  no  resource  but  retirement  On  the 
3d  of  February  he  intimated  that  it  was  "his  wish  to  be  released  as 
soon  as  possible  from  liis  present  situation."  His  majesty  continuing 
inHexible,*  a  new  ministry  was  called  into  office,  in  which  the  appoint- 

*  -'IhanrsMoa  la  briicn  tbil  Uw  dbpUMan  wfckh  tba  Uog,  in  1801,  bad  eoa- 


PuioD.]  WILLIAM  PITT.  51 

raeots  of  fint  lord  of  the  treasury  and  chancellor  of  the  exchequer  were 
coDferred  upon  Addingtoo,  the  speaker  of  the  house  of  commons.  The 
secretaryship  for  foreign  affairs,  hitherto  held  by  Lord  Grenville,  was 
given  to  Lord  Hawkesbury.  Earl  St  Vincent  was  placed  at  the  head 
of  the  admiralty,  in  the  place  of  Earl  Spencer;  Lord  Eldon,  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  common  pleas,  fonnerly  Sir  John  Scott,  succeeded  Lord 
Loughborough  in  the  court  of  chancery ;  Lord  Hobart  and  Pelham 
were  nominated  secretaries  of  state,  in  the  room  of  Dundas  and  the 
Duke  of  Portland;  York  succeeded  Windham  as  secretary -at- war ;  hia 
brother,  the  Earl  of  Hardwicke,  was  destined  to  the  vice-regal  office 
in  Ireland ;  and  Lord  Lewisbam  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  board 
of  control,  [n  this  general  change  the  Duke  of  Portland  and  Lord 
Westmoreland  atone  retained  their  stations  in  the  cabinet, — the  former 
as  president  nf  the  council,  and  the  latter  as  lord-prify-seal.  The  agi- 
tation of  the  king's  mind  had,  hD\t<'vcr,  so  materially  affected  the  state 
both  of  his  bodily  and  mental  health,  that  the  new  arrangements,  al- 
though nearly  completed,  were  not  formally  announced,  and  the  former 
ministers  continued  to  discharge  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices, 
until  the  recovery  of  the  king,  when  the  appointments  of  the  new  minis- 
ters were  announced  in  the  accustomed  form,  and  on  the  17th  of  March 
Addington  was  sworn  into  the  two  offices  which  Pitt  had  so  long  en- 
joyed. The  ex-minister,  however,  supported  most  of  the  measures  of 
his  successor  in  office,  until  the  renewal  of  the  war  in  1803,  when,  ap- 
parently from  an  impatience  to  resume  office,  lie  added  his  inflaence  to 
the  opposition  maintained  by  Fox,  and  accused  the  admiralty  board  of 
imbecility.  Mr  Adilington  upon  this  retired,  and  Pitt  resumed  hia 
former  scat  on  the  treasury-bench. 

On  the  meeting  of  parliament,  January  15th,  1805,  Mr  Pitt  strenu- 
ously defended  the  war  with  Spain,  and  carried  the  motion  for  an  ad- 
dress  by  a  majority  of  307.  The  next  objects  that  engaf;ed  his  .atten- 
tion were  the  Irish  Habeas  Corpus  suspeUKion  bill,  and  the  budget  for 
1605,  two  articles  of  which  were  contested  with  no  common  degree  of 
warmth.  One  of  these,  the  Salt  Duty  bill,  was  carried  by  a  majority 
of  3S ;  but  the  other,  the  Horse  Duty  bill,  was  combated  with  equal 
spirit  and  success  on  the  part  of  its  opponents,  and  at  length  lost  on  a 
division,  by  a  majority  of  three.  During  the  recess,  the  premier  was 
surrounded  with  difficulties.  But  he  employed  his  time  and  talents  in 
forming  a  third  coalition  agaiust  France ;  which,  in  consequence  of  the 
capitulation  of  Ulm,  and  the  battle  of  Austerliti,  proved  more  fatal 
and  inauspicious  than  the  two  former.  From  that  period  the  necessity 
of  a  change  in  the  cabinet  seemed  to  be  generally  allowed.  In  the 
mean  time  a  gouty  habit,  a  predisposition  to  which  disease  appears  to 

csiied  againit  Mr  Pill,  aroH  rrom  other  ouh*-  Tba  Auilriim  amiiei  liul  b«n  ao 
repeatedly  defeated  by  the  French  Ihat  they  were  completely  diafacartened  {  their  dlft- 
couragemenl  wai  lo  great  that  they  coaM  mj  lonj^r  be  brought  to  face  French  Ktldieii 
in  the  field.  Mr  Pitt  prolnbly  >tated  thii  rircumitance  to  the  king,  and  pointed  out 
to  him,  that  it  the  war  B<iHinit  Fruim  nu  to  bo  carried  on  by  continental  araiei,  tin 
king  of  Fiuuia  wai  the  only  toTBretgn  who  could  >upply  the  meani ;  and  be  propoaed 
to  Iha  king,  that,  to  induce  thu  king  of  Pruuia  to  affbrd  thii  auiilance,  hii  majerif 
•bould  cede  to  him  tome  part  uf  lii>  German  dominion*.  The  kiog  wu  indignut  at 
the  propoul ;  it  not  only  inducoil  him  lo  diitniu  Mr  Pitt,  hut  it  occaiioned  a  retam 
□r  that  uolortuoate  malady  with  which  hii  majnty  had  bmn  liiited  Id  1788."— 
JVuMb. 


SS  rOLITICAI.  ■B>tB«.  [Snrwm 

htne  bwn  inherited  (ram  bit  blher.  and  wv  periiap*  grrulr  incraMil 
by  liii  o«B  manDrr  of  ttring  and  IreqoMit  recoane  to  rtimnUnU,  ■•- 
Mtled  a  constitDtioo  nercr  *«fj  Hioiig.  In  MMitioo  to  thit.  ibt  total 
int«carriaf[e  of  all  b»  tehemtt,  and  the  metaDcboIr  aspect  of  cootiiicntal 
iffain,  are  inud  to  bare  prcved  apoo  hts  miod.  He  tried  tbe  Batb 
watera  ia  December,  1803,  bat  witboat  effect.  On  tbe  lOtb  of  Jaa- 
najy,  1806,  he  relnroed  to  ba  leat  at  Potney.  where  bit  iiloeM  lapidJy 
gained  upon  bim.  On  tbe  I9tfa  be  was  able  to  gire  *ome  little  atteit- 
tion  to  public  bnsineM,  bot  be  Hton  becaoie  to  lethargic,  that  tbe  awful 
ioteljigcoce  of  hia  approaebio^  death  had  icarcely  any  effect  upon  bink 
On  the  retorn  of  consciousoew  be  wu  MtUcited  to  join  with  Sbbop 
Tomlioe  in  devotion.  "  I  fear,"  lepiied  tbe  expiring  siateHnan,  "  that 
I  baTe,  like  many  other  men,  neglect«d  my  religioiu  dnties  too  roneb 
to  have  any  groand  for  hope  that  tbcy  can  be  efficackm*  oo  a  death- 
bed. Bui,"  added  he,  making  an  eliurt  to  rise  as  be  «poke,  "  I  throw 
mj'Mlf  entirely  on  the  mercy  of  God  '."  Hi*  death  took  place  on  tbe 
23d  of  Jannary,  1806.  Hid  last  wMds.  according  to  a  statement  made 
by  Mr  Rose,  in  tbe  bouse  of  commoos,  were  "  Save  my  eountiy,  hea- 
ven '." 

Hb  death  wai  considered  as  a  virtual  dissolution  of  tbe  ninktry. 
Every  attempt  to  form  an  administration  from  the  late  cabinet  havii^ 
proved  UDSnccessful,  his  majesty  called  in  tbe  afsiftance  of  Lord  Greo- 
ville,  and  on  the  3d  of  Febrvary  tbe  new  ministerial  arrangement* 
were  finally  settled,  embracing  tbe  leading  mtmben  of  the  three  par- 
ties, designated  by  the  appellation  of  the  old  and  new  opposition,  and 
the  Sidmouth  party.  Tbe  cabinet  was  composed  of  the  following  mem- 
bers: Farl  Fitzwilliam,  president  of  the  council:  Lord  Erskioe,  lord- 
cbanct-lliir ;  VUcount  Sidmouth,  lord-privy- sea  I ;  Lord  GrenTillei  first 
lord  of  the  treasury  ;  Lord  Howick,  (late  .Mr  Grey,)  first  lord  of  the 
adniiraiiy;  Eari  .Moira,  master-general  of  the  ordnance;  Earl  Spencer, 
.Mr  Fox,  and  Mr  Windham,  secretaries  of  stale  for  the  home,  fordgn, 
and  war-departments :  and  Lord  Henry  Petty,  chancellor  of  tbe  ex- 
che<)uer.  Lord-chief-justice  Ellenborough  was  also  admitted  to  a  seat 
in  the  cabintrt.  'I  he  duke  of  Bedford  went  to  Ireland  as  lord-lienlenaot 
accompanied  by  Elliot  as  chief  secretary.  PoD»oobf  was  appointed 
cltancellor  and  keeper  of  the  seals  in  Ireland,  and  Sir  John  Newport 
diancellor  of  tbe  Irish  exchequer ;  Lord  Minto  was  appointed  pmident 
of  the  board  of  conlrol:  Sheridan,  treasurer  of  the  navy;  General 
Mtzpatrick,  secretary  at  war ;  Sir  Arthur  Pigott  and  Sir  ^muel  Ro- 
milly,  attorney  and  solicitor-general. 

Pitt  was  the  ablest  dehaUr  that  ever  appeared  in  the  British  senate, 
thoogh  inferior  to  more  than  one  of  bis  contemporaries  in  mere  ontoij. 
"  IIIh  rloijiienee  was  of  a  kind  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  situation  which 
he  filled  so  lun<;: — he  was  stately  and  dignified  in  manner;  clear  and 
'liktinct  in  unravelling  tbe  details  of  the  most  complicated  subjecl ;  de- 
clamatory at  once  and  argumentative,  so  as  to  fumi^b  the  best  pretexts 
to  those  who  wished  to  follow  him,  while  he  cheered  and  encouraged 
lliOM!  who  might  be  in  dread  of  his  adversaries ;  but,  above  all,  he  ex- 
n-lk-d  in  the  use  of  both  topics  and  language  with  a  view  to  produce 
the  ('fleet  he  desired,  and  never  commit  himself;  be  could  balance  his 
I  xprowions  so  nici'ly,^KnRea«l  or  bring  forward  parts  of  his  subject  to 
iirtiitly, — approach,  and  yet  shun  dangerous  points  so  dexterouilyr— * 


PluoD.]  WILLIAM  PITT.  53 

odea  seeming  to  sdy  so  much  while  he  told  bo  liltle,  and  almost  always 
filling  the  ear  more  than  the  mind,  and  frequently  leaving  it  doubthil 
upon  reflection  what  had  in  substance  been  carried  away, — tliat  a  cele- 
brated contemporary  was  scarcely  chargeable  with  exaggeration  in 
saying,  that  <  he  verily  believed  Mr  Pitt  could  speak  a  king's  speech 
off  hand.' 

"  To  these  qualities,  so  eminently  fitting  him  for  a  ministerial  orator, 
he  added  others  of  a  higher  deiicription.  His  fluency  of  language  was 
almost  preternatural,  and  yet  it  never  grew  tiresome ;  for  though  it 
seldom  rose  to  any  great  beauty,  yet  it  was  generally  characteristic 
and  appropriate ;  and  from  time  to  time  it  did  contain  expressions  of 
more  than  ordinary  felicity,  if,  at  its  common  level,  it  loo  much  re- 
sembled the  diciion  of  a  state-paper.  He  was  rather  loud  and  vehement 
than  impassioned ;  and  appeared  to  declaim  more  from  the  head  than 
the  heart :  but  then  he  reasoned  closely,  and  arranged  both  quickly 
and  accurately  ;  or,  at  least,  he  seemed  to  be  always  arguing  and  dis- 
tinguishing, and  to  address  the  unileratanding  rather  than  the  passions, 
over  which  he  hardly  had  any  other  control  than  that  which  subjects 
the  nerves  of  an  audience  to  a  sonorous  and  moat  powerful  voice,  itself 
under  strict  discipline.  In  one  part  of  eloquence,  and  only  in  one, 
could  he  be  deemed  an  orator  of  the  highest  {genius :  his  sarcasm  was 
at  once  keen  and  splendid ;  it  was  brilliant,  and  it  was  concise.  In  the 
rest  of  his  speaking  he  resembled  the  Italian  prose  writers.  In  this  he 
came  nearer  Dante,  and  could  dispose  of  an  adversary  by  a  sentence 
or  a  single  phrase ;  or,  without  stepping  aside,  get  rid  of  him  in  a 
parenthesis,  and  then  go  forward  to  his  object :  thus  increasing  the 
contemptuousness  of  the  expression  by  its  brevity  and  indifference,  as 
if  his  victim  had  been  too  insignificant  to  give  any  trouble." 

Such  is  the  opinion  of  one  who  has  shown  himself  no  admirer  of  the 
minister's  state-craft  and  general  policy.  On  these  latter  points  an  emi- 
nent difference  of  opinion  still  divides  politicians;  but  the  same  critic  we 
have  just  quoted  makes  the  following  generous  remarks  on  his  talents 
as  a  statesman :  "  The  diificulties  of  his  situation  were  of  a  nature  wholly 
unparalleled  in  history  ;  a  person  of  great  steadiness  might  well  have 
Ifdtered  in  his  course  through  such  a  sea  of  troubles ;  and  the  resources 
of  a  very  fertile  mind  might  have  easily  been  exhausted  by  the  strange 
and  novel  exigencies  of  the  crisis.  Nor  have  we  a  right  severely  to 
blame  him  who  met  this  demand,  rather  by  extraordinary  devices  than 
happy  ones.  A  minister  may  well  be  deemed  able  whom  we  must 
allow  to  have  been  equal  to  such  novel  emergencies;  and  much  of 
greatness  may  be  attached  to  the  name  of  Mr  Pitt,  while  we  are  com- 
pelled wholly  to  reject  the  e^dravagant  praises  which  his  followers  have 
lavished  upon  him.  In  the  policy  which  he  pursued  during  the  more 
ordinary  times  which  preceded  the  Revolution,  far  less  appears  to  cen- 
sure; and,  with  the  exception  of  the  Russian  armament  and  negotiation, 
his  conduct  in  relation  to  foreign  powers  was  firm,  consistent,  and  pros- 
perous. The  able  and  successful  measures  adopted  in  the  afiairs  of 
HolLmd  gained  the  unqualified  approbation  of  ail  parties,  aod  tliB 
French  commercial  treaty  was  never  impeached  with  any  etTecL" 

All  parties  concur  in  representing  bis  private  character  to  have  been 
unimpeachable ;  he  acquired  his  power  by  uo  meauueM,  and  he  used 
it  with  perfect  integrity. 


64  POLITICAL  aZXIU.  \KmH 

Barrj?,  %otls  Sbonmorr. 

■OKHA.D.   1736— DIED  A.D.   1805. 

This  diitinguuhed  lawyer  was  edacated  at  Trinity  college,  Oublin, 
and  wa«  called  to  the  bar  id  1764.  He  rose  rapidly  IdIo  reputCi  aod 
in  1776  was  returned  (o  the  Irish  house  of  commons,  where  he  at  first 
espoused  the  popular  side  in  politics,  but  afterwards  changed  his  lenti- 
mtnts,  and  was  rewarded  with  the  attorney-generalship.  In  1795  he 
was  made  an  Irish  peer  by  the  title  of  Baron  Avonmore ;  and  in  IHOO, 
a  viscount* 

Sir  Jonah  Barrington  has  drawn  the  following  portrait  of  this  noble- 
man ;  "  It  would  be  difficult  to  do  justice  to  the  tofty  and  overwhelm- 
ing elocution  of  this  distinguished  man,  during  the  eaHy  period  of  bia 
political  exertions.  To  the  profound,  logical,  and  conclusive  reasonifig 
of  Flood;  the  brilliant,  stimulating,  epigrammatic  antithesis  of  Graltan; 
the  sweet-toned,  captivating,  convincing  rhetoric  of  Burgh ;  or  the  wild 
fascinating  imagery,  and  varied  pathos  of  the  extraordinary  Curran,  he 
was  respectively  inferior; — but  in  poweriiil,  nervous  language,  he  ex- 
celled them  all.  His  talents  were  alike  adapted  to  public  purposes  ti 
his  private  qualities  (o  domestic  society.  In  the  common  transactions 
of  the  world  lie  was  an  infant ;  in  the  varieties  of  right  and  wrong,  of 
propriety  and  error,  a  frail  mortal;  in  the  senate  and  at  the  bar,  ■ 
mighty  giant ;  it  was  on  the  bench  thai,  unconscious  of  his  errors,  and 
in  his  home,  unconscious  of  his  virtues,  both  were  most  conspicuous. 
That  deep-seated  vice,  which,  with  equal  power,  freezes  the  miser's 
heart  and  inflames  the  ruffian's  passions,  was  lo  him  a  strauger:  he  wH 
always  rich  and  always  poor ;  but,  though  circumstances  might  some- 
times have  been  his  guide,  avarice  never  was  his  conductor:  like  hia 
preat  predecessor,  frugality  fled  before  the  carelessness  of  his  mind,  and 
Icfl  him  the  victim  of  his  libtrality,  and,  of  course,  in  many  instances, 
a  monument  of  ingratitude.  His  character  was  t-ntirely  transparent,  it 
had  no  opaque  qualities ;  his  passions  were  open ;  his  prcpoascMiotia 
jwlpable;  bis  failings  obvious;  and  be  took  ad  little  pains  to  conceal 
his  faults  as  to  publish  his  perfections.  As  a  judge  he  certainly  had 
some  of  those  marked  imperfections  too  frequently  observable  in  judi- 
cial officers:  he  received  impressions  too  soon,  and  perhaps  too  strongly; 
be  was  indolent  in  research  and  impatient  in  discussion ;  the  natural 
quickness  of  his  perception. hurried  ofl^  his  judgment,  before  he  had  time 
to  regulate  it,  and  sometimes  lefl  his  justice  and  his  learning  idle  spec- 
tators of  bis  reasons  and  his  determination  ;  while  extraneous  consider- 
ations  occasionally  obtruded  themselves  upon  his  unguarded  mind,  and 
involuntarily  led  him  away  from  the  straight  path  of  calm  deLberation. 
Tliis  distinguished  man,  at  the  critical  period  of  Ireland's  emancipation, 
burst  forth  as  a  meteor  in  the  Irish  senate :  his  career  in  the  commons 
was  not  long,  but  it  was  busy  and  important;  he  had  connected  him- 
self with  the  duke  of  Portland,  and  continued  that  connection  uninter- 
rupted till  the  day  of  his  dissolution.  But  through  the  influence  of  that 
uoUeman,  and  tha  absolute  necessity  of  a  family  provision,  on  the  ques- 

Hi  of  the  Union,  the  radiance  of  bis  public  cbancter  was  obscured  for 


FimMD.J  BABRY,  LOBD  AVONMOHB.  55 

ever ;  the  laurels  of  his  early  achievemeDta  fell  withered  froni  his  brow ; 
and,  after  having  with  zeal  and  sincerity  laboured  to  attaio  independeace 
for  his  country  in  1782,  he  became  one  of  ita  sale-masters  in  1800 ; 
and,  minglJiig  in  a  motley  crowd,  uncongenial  to  his  native  character, 
and  beneath  his  natural  superiority,  he  surrendered  the  rights,  the 
franchises,  and  the  honours  of  that  peerage,  to  which,  by  his  great 
talents  and  his  early  virtuea,  he  had  been  so  justly  elevated." 

He  and  Curren  were  to  dioe  together  at  the  house  of  a  mutual  friend, 
and  a  Urge  party  was  assembled,  many  of  whom  witnessed  the  occur- 
rences of  the  morning.  Curran,  contrary  to  all  his  usual  habits,  was 
late  for  dinner,  and  at  length  arrived  in  the  most  admirably  affected 
agitation.  "  Why,  Mr  Curran,  you  have  kept  us  a  full  hour  waiting 
dinner  for  you,"  grumbled  out  Lord  Avonmorc.  "  Ob,  my  dear  lord, 
I  regret  it  much  ;  you  must  know  it  is  not  my  custom,  but — I've  just 
been  witness  to  a  most  melancholy  occurrence."  "  My  God  I  you 
seem  terribly  moved  by  it — take  a  glass  of  wine — what  was  it  ?  What 
was  it?"  "  1  will  tell  you,  my  lord,  the  moment  I  can  collect  myself 
— I  had  been  detained  at  court — in  the  court  of  chancery — your  lord- 
ship knons  the  chancellor  sits  late."  "I  do — I  do — but  go  on." 
'*  Well,  my  lord,  I  was  Jmrrying  here  as  fast  as  ever  I  could — 1  did 
not  even  change  my  dress — 1  hope  I  shall  be  excused  for  coming  in 
my  boots?"  "Poh,  poh — never  mind  your  boots — the  point — come 
at  once  to  the  point  of  the  story."  "  Oh — 1  will,  my  good  lord,  in  a 
moment — I  walked  here — I  would  not  even  wait  to  get  the  carriage 
ready,  it  would  have  taken  time,  you  know — now  there  is  a  market 
exactly  in  the  road  by  which  I  had  to  pass — your  lordship  may  per- 
haps  recollect  tlie  market — do  you  ?"  "  To  be  sure  1  do — go  on,  Cur- 
ran— go  on  with  the  story."  "  I  am  very  glad  your  lordship  remembers 
the  market,  for  1  totally  forget  the  name  of  it — the  name — the  name — " 
"What  the  devil  signilies  the  name  of  it.  Sir  ? — it's  the  Castle  market." 
"Your  lordship  is  perfectly  right — it  is  called  the  Castle  market.  Well, 
I  was  passing  through  that  very  identical  Castle  market,  when  I  ob- 
served a  butcher  preparing  to  kill  a  calf — he  had  a  huge  knife  in  his 
hand — it  was  as  sharp  as  a  razor — the  calf  was  standing  beside  him — 
be  drew  the  knife  to  plunge  it  into  the  animal — just  as  he  was  in  the 
act  of  doing  so,  a  little  boy  about  four  years  old — his  only  son— the 
loveliest  little  babe  I  ever  saw,  ran  suddenly  across  his  path — and  he 
killed  I— 01  my  God,  he  killed— "—"  The  child  1— the  child!— the 
child  1'' — vociferated  Lord  Avonmore.  "  No,"  my  lord,  "  the  calf," 
contioucd  Curran,  very  coolly — "  he  killed  the  calf — but — your  lord- 
ship ia  in  the  habit  of  anticipating."  The  universal  laugh  was  thus 
raised  against  bis  lordship,  and  Curran  declared  that  often  afterwards 
a  first  impression  was  removed  more  easily  from  the  court  of  exchequer 
by  the  recollection  of  the  calf  in  the  Castle  market  than  by  all  the  elo- 
quence of  the  entire  profession. 

Amongst  his  other  peculiarities  he  was  in  the  habit  of  occasional  fits 
of  absence.  One  day,  at  a  crowded  dinner,  the  common  toast  of 
'  Absent  friends'  was  given.  Curran,  as  usual,  sat  beside  Lord  Avon- 
more,  who  was  immersed  in  one  of  his  habitual  reveries,  altogether 
unconscious  of  what  was  passing.  He  maliciously  aroused  him — "  Yel- 
vertoo,  Yelverton,  the  host  just  announced  your  health  in  very  flatter- 
ing terms ;  it  is  considered  very  cavalier  in  you  not  to  have  acknow- 


66  POLITICAL  SERIES.  [NtMTH 

ledgcd  il."  Up  started  the  unsuspecting  Yelverton,  aad  it  iras  not  tilt 
after  a  very  eloquent  speech  that  he  was  apprised  of  the  hoax  in  which 
it  had  originated  ! — His  uo suspiciousness  and  simplicity  of  heart  were 
almost  infantine.  It  was  a  saying  of  his  that  he  would  put  no  trust  in 
a  Kerry-man :  giving,  as  a  reason,  the  following  anecdote:  "Whilst 
attending  the  Tralee  assizes  I  was  employed  in  a  single  half-guinea 
case,  in  which  I  failed ;  and  a  day  or  two  alter,  as  I  was  travelling  alone 
on  the  road  to  Cork,  1  waa  waylaid  by  my  clients,  reproached  for  my 
want  of  skill,  and  forcibly  compelled  to  relund  the  fee !'' 


10H»  A.  D.   1729.— DIBD  *.  D.  1807. 

This  gallant  officer,  and  first  earl  of  that  name,  was  bom  in  1729, 
and  entered  the  army  in  his  youth.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Ame- 
rican war  he  served  under  Viscount  Howe,  who  conferred  on  him  the 
local  rank  of  major-general.  He  is  represented  as  having  on  several 
occasions  evinced  as  much  blood-thirstiness  as  courage.  "  One  of  the 
most  disastrous  events  which  occurred  at  this  period  of  the  campaign," 
says  Miller  in  his  'History  of  the  Reign  of  George  HI.'  "was  the 
Burprise  and  massacre  of  an  American  regiment  of  light- dragoons,  com- 
manded by  Lieutenant-colonel  Baylor.  While  employed  in  a  detached 
situation,  to  intercept  and  watch  a  British  foraging  party,  they  took  up 
their  lodging  in  a  barn  near  Taapan.  The  officer  who  commended  the 
party  which  surprised  them  was  Major-general  Grey  :  he  acquired  the 
name  of  the  '  No-flint  General,'  from  his  common  practice  of  ordering 
the  men  uoder  his  command  (o  take  the  flints  out  of  (heir  muskets,  that 
they  might  be  confined  to  the  use  of  their  bayonets.  A  party  of  militia 
which  had  been  stationed  on  the  road  by  which  the  British  advanced 
quitted  their  post,  without  giving  any  notice  to  Colonel  Baylor.  This 
disorderly  conduct  was  the  occasion  of  the  disaster  which  followed. 
Grey's  men  proceeded  with  such  silence  and  address  that  they  cut  off 
a  sergeant's  patrole  without  noise,  and  surrounded  Old  Taapan  without 
being  discovered ;  they  then  rushed  in  upon  Baylor's  regiment  while 
they  were  in  a  profound  sleep.  Incapable  of  defence  or  resistance,  cut 
off  from  every  prospect  of  selling  their  lives  dear,  the  surprised  dragoons 
sued  for  quarter.  Unmoved  by  their  supplications  their  adversaries 
applied  the  bayonet,  and  continued  its  repeated  thrusts  while  objects 
could  be  found  in  which  any  signs  of  life  appeared.  A  few  escaped, 
and  others,  after  having  received  from  five  to  eleven  bayonet  wounds 
in  the  trunk  of  the  body,  were  restored  in  course  of  time  lo  perfect 
health.  Baylor  himself  was  wounded,  but  not  dangerously  :  he  lost,  in 
killed,  wounded,  and  taken,  sixty-seven  privates  out  of  a  hundred  and 
four,  and  about  forty  were  made  prisoners.  These  were  indebted  for 
their  lives  to  the  humanity  of  one  of  Grey's  captains,  who  gave  quarter 
to  the  whole  fourth  troop,  though  contrary  to  the  orders  of  his  superior 
officers.  The  circumstance  of  the  attack  being  made  in  the  night,  when 
neither  order  nor  discipline  can  be  observed,  may  apologise  in  some  de- 
gree, with  men  of  a  certain  description,  for  this  bloody  scene.  It  cannot 
be  maintained,  that  the  law*  of  war  require  that  quarter  should  be  given 


PtBlOB.) 


CHAKLX*.  KABL  OKKY. 


S7 


in  oimilar  BMSulta,  but  tlie  lover*  of  luaiikind  raurt  ev«r  oonteDd,  that 
tiiK  lnw»  or  humauiiy  are  or  superior  obliga^tion  lo  tho«e  or  war.  Th« 
truly  brave  will  Kpiir«  when  rwisUnce  masM.  And  in  fivn;  csm  where 
it  CAD  be  done  with  tafely.  Tbe  {wtpMrMon of  Riioh  action*  mny  jiutly 
be  ilcnomiiifitci)  th«  «n«iniM  of  reflned  tooJety.  An  (ht  u  their  rxnmplo 
availn,  it  trnJ*  lo  arrc*t  th«  growing  humanity  of  moili-rri  tiinrs,  nml  to 
revive  tliF  hnrbarii^in  of  OntliirsgrK.  On  thmi:  nriiicipli-i,  lliu  niiunuKTi* 
of  CuloncI  Hnylor'ti  rrgimpiil  nx  ihi-  nubjn^t  of  much  complnint ;  the 
pariiculan  of  it  wprr  luccrliiiiKH),  by  ihn  onih«  of  cn-itible  witneraci, 
taken  brfore  (lovcnmr  Livinjpton  of  Jrriey,  and  tlic  whole  wa»  sub* 
nilted  to  llie  jutlgmenl  of  ilir  |iulilic." 

Tbu  preceding  Biatcmciit  is  probably  loo  faigli  coloured  :  indeed  tbn 
historian  allowa  tbat  ([uarter  wai  given  to  an  entire  troop,  at  the  will 
oT  an  iDferior  ofRcer — a  fact  that  goea  M>mewliat  to  di»cr«iJit  the  tu- 
(^rtkin  that  the  comuianding-offlcer  ordered  an  indi»crimiDaic  and  r«* 
l«DlleM  maniac  re. 

At  the  lermioRtion  of  the  American  war  he  became  a  member  of  the 
boiwe  of  commons,  and  wa«  invested  with  the  order  of  the  Bath.  In 
1767  be  wkt  Appointed  colooel  of  tbe  Slh  light  dragoon*,-  but,  two 
year*  afterward*,  exchnngeil  that  rrgiment  for  the  7tli  dragoon  guanb. 

Sir  Charlea  wa*  vRiiilnyed  na  comiBandef-in-chit^f  of  the  force*  lent 
■gaiiin  Itie  Preneh  Weii  lodia  island*,  in  1704.  Hi*  conduct  on  Ihi* 
OMMIob  was  sererely  avrulinited  in  the  hoii*e  of  common*.  On  tbo 
Sd  of  Jane,  1795,  a  warm  debate  took  |>lace  respecting  the  conduct  of 
Sir  Charles  Grey  and  Sir  John  Jervia.  Mr  Barhani  read  exlrai'i*  rroin 
tbe  rajwctivi?  pmcUmations  of  these  (wo  officer*  lo  prove  that  the  war 
waa  eoaduclcd  by  ibeiD  io  a  Krrocroua  majiner.  He  contended  that  (he 
resialance  mode  by  (he  iuhabitanld  of  the  ditferent  inland*  was  not  such 
a*  justified  military  retaliation,  or  the  conli.icattoii  of  tlie  ])rnpcny  of 
Ibe  inhabitnnti.  Their  cue  he  compared  wiib  that  of  the  inhabitanta 
of  Grenada  in  (lie  last  war,  which  w&s  perfectly  oimilur,  but  who  wcro 
not  irented  with  (he  same  sei'crity.  After  adducing  a  long  catalvgua 
of  preoedeots,  to  ahow  that  in  tiniilar  ciroumstancca  no  conHicalion  bod 
UIms  plflicc,  Mr  Barham  concluded' by  moving  that  an  humble  addrcM 
be  preaented  lo  hi*  majeily,  repmenling  that  certain  proclamalloaa 
usued  by  Sir  Cliarle*  Grey  Id  the  island  of  Martinique,  on  the  lOth 
and  SOlh  of  .May.  1794,  contain  principlea  which  this  honie  coocelra 
Dol  (o  l>e  wnrranicd  by  Iho  law*  of  natloni;  that  they  bavc  excited 
l^reat  alarrn  in  tbi-  mimU  of  the  Wnt  India  colonitta ;  and  humbly  re- 
qMMJBg  that  hi*  mujcaly  will  givo  dircctioo*  that  the  nme  may  be 
diaatowcil.  Mr  Manning  aecondnl  the  motion,  and  in  n  speech  of 
nmc  length  continued  the  line  of  nrgumimt  advanced  by  the  llr>t 
•peokcr.  He  eontendod,  that  neither  by  the  law*  of  war,  of  nations, 
iM>r  tbe  initniction*  of  gnvrrnmetit,  w-erc  the  late  mmmaDdrr*-in-chi<-r 
in  the  West  Indie*  countenanced  In  their  unjuitiHable  proceedio^*-  Mr 
Orey.  in  a  very  nerniu*,  animaled,  and  argumentative  *pecch  uf  con- 
•ideraUe  length,  opposed  (Jie  motion,  and  d«lende<I  th«  con<lnci  and 
eharoiCter  of  hi*  father.  Tlie  principal  streaa,  lie  oliwrred,  had  bc«n 
laid  by  the  booourable  genltcnii-n  on  eertain  proclamations ;  but  it 
»hoald  be  recoJbictMl,  that  (be  di*iivowat(  of  the  cnniniHuder*-in-cliief  of 
the  |>aris  of  ibete  proclnmation*  allmled  to  would  do  away  iJl  iliat  )>art 
of  tlie  argument  which  rrftrrvd  lo  tbcin.     fie  contended,  and  jilcdged 

VII.  H 


86 


POLITICAI.  SKRIU. 


[Hun 


himarir  to  prove,  tliat  tbe,»Mies  of  TacU  brou);lit  forward  by  the  honour- 
ahli!  KcntluDirii  were  poitlivi-ly  (uhe.  TliH  tvliolc  tenor  of  llit!  Iift>  of 
one  (if  the  coiiiiuaa<ien  iu  (|Ucstioii — wert^  there  no  oilier  evidence— 
MuulU,  Im:  tiaid,  be  nutVii-ivnl  (o  prove  him  inejipabl<^  of  llii:  eontluct  wjtli 
•■hicli  they  charged  him.     'I'lw  ineiiii»i«triicy  of  liifi  chargo  niu  oppa- 

•  rciit;  a  train  of  t'vil*  v/erc  represented  lu  amiRK  from  the  proeUiao- 
tioD*.  Admitting  thew!  &c1>  avre  true,  (but  which  tvHs  duI  the  cnce.) 
thry  coul<l  not  bn  siticl  to  mult  ffoin  the  prolyl  aritu  tin  lis,  us  llicy  irtm 
nevw  oetril  on.  Tht  coiiiuiandi^rn-iii-uhief,  ht  insisted,  were  wiirraiitcd 
in  their  prucvediop   by  all  iht.-  known  lawH  of  war  and  of  iiatiuiis;  by 

'  Uicse  it  VHB  hi-ld,  thai  iboHC  who  refuM'd  lo  accept  ti-rnts  of  «urreuder, 
and  li«ld  out  to  the  la^t  exlreraitVi  forfeiled  their  property  lo  the  «ove- 
■vigD  of  the  viclorioui)  troop*,  lie  then  read  the  volunury  f'diinonial 
oT  *^eril  officcn  in  vindication  of  thu  conduct  mid  clJaruclrt  of  Nir 
Cliorlcf  Urey.  Thcxv  «-(-nt  to  establish  tli<?  KaHiulp  hutiMin-,  and  hoii* 
ouruble  ooniiuct  of  that  oflici-r  in  every  point  of  view,  and  puiticubrly 
Ihc  material  laet,  tbal  the  whttea  of  thai  island  ev«ry«h<-M!  mudc  tli« 
most  uniform  resistance  to  the  progr««f  of  our  army.  Mr  Stxrttnry 
Dundos  saiili  thai  front  a  circuimtauc«  which  appeared  on  lli«  fyce  of 
the  popers,  g«iillenici)  would  be  nblo  lo  inrm  an  opinion  ofhiswnae  of 
th«  question.  lie  had  been  npjibed  lo  by  thv  Wi;tt  India  lucrcbants 
to  procura  that  mcni^nre  wbieh  wu*  now  culled  for;  and  though  he  re- 
gretted on  any  l>cca^ion  to  tirl'uie.  in  liis  otKcial  cipacily.  tin;  call  of  any 
body  of  men,  he  considered  that  it  uus  ineuuibeiit  on  bitu,  not  only  to 
f{ivr  bin  tiegiitiri:  to  the  motion,  but  to  fullou-  it  up  uith  a  proportion 
<»hidi  occunvd  lo  him  on  his  ouii  \ievi  of  the  nubjucl.  and  witliuat 
eoDCcrt  with  any  person  interested  in  the  affair.  When  the  niatlL-T  wu 
flnt  neutioii^d,  it  was  laid  that  it  should  come  in  ihi:  vliapc  of  aii  Jo* 
qviry.  Every  geullemaQ  in  that  bouse  was  entitled  to  etdl  for  an  in- 
quiry, and  iiM^it  facts  whereupon  to  ground  it;  but  now  the  (hiug  waa 
in  a  dilf'eniDl  «late,  thn  gentlemen  who  brought  iho  measure  forward 
had  abnudoiied  inquiry,  and  joined  iscuc  on  the  paper*  which  lay  OH 
Iho  table;  from  them  alone,  therefore,  wei*  they  entitled  to  a^rce  M 
submit  nny  proponition  to  th<:  bou*c.  With  every  rtvpcct  due  to  (bft 
pi-rnnni  who  brought  the  ineniiitc  forward,  be  waa  bound  to  observe, 
that  the  nhole  iti-tail  which  Ihcy  iiad  given  to  groun<l  their  motion 
was  taken  from  h^tten  Bui;);utcd  by  animosity,  and  ottered  in  siicli  A 
manner  as  letl  the  house  without  ihu  opportunity  of  cxnniining  into 
proofs  lo  couirovert  or  »ubsUiitiate  ilieiii.  On  various  grounds,  there-, 
lore,  be  objected  to  ihc  proposition.  To  ne^-alivv  the  inutioii.  he  oon- 
liiiucd,  would  not  nn«wer  the  whole  purpose  he  had  in  view.  Tli« 
mosi  exnggetatrd  c-alumnies  were  published  agaiust  those  honourmblc 
commnncirr*,  who  bad,  in  point  of  fact,  performed  tlk«  most  distiu- 
goished  serviees,  aixl  something  wna  due  to  thcni  to  beal  ihc  wounds 
received  from  the  shafts  of  nialevolrnce.  The  houHi  hud  formrrlj 
thanked  lliem  for  tlidr  conduct;  the  houi^c  <houhl  refer  to  iho^e  ihank*i 
and  record  them  again,  in  onlur  tlial  tlur  country  might  foci,  that,  oot- 
withstanding  ihv  uxa^genocd  minreprescnlations,  (liey  stood  higlicr  ia 
the  opiDiuu  of  llut  house.  To  effect  lhi»,  he  «oul<l  lint  move  thn  pre- 
vious questioD;  and  if  that  waii  grunted,  be  would  then  move  Ihc  fol- 
lowing resolutions:  l'ir»t,  retolved,  "  That  the  inhabitanb  of  tlie  French 
VV'rtt  India  islondc,  not  having  availed  lliL-iOBclve*  of  tlie  proclauutions, 


FnMb-!  CltAKt-BC,  >AIIL  CttBY.  W 

it  i'liould  not  be  comMerfd  as  a  rulr  Ivr  BrJIirli  coinnuunJnni  (o  follow." 
Spcoiidly,  rMotveil,  "  TImi  tbi!  proclumalioDi  not  having  bmi  carried 
into  tStft,  it  WM  OBnemur^  to  tnake  oiiy  declaration  about  ilieni." 
Awl,  Insll) ,  rpuolvpii,  "  Tbnl  tlii>i  bniiM-  ri'taiiib  a  grateful  si-rise  ol'  llic 
diitlin|;ui]br< I  *rrvir«i  ol' Sir  Cliarlr*  Grer  ond  Sir  John  Jervi»,  and 
■till  ailbi^rc  t»  tlicir  Ibrmnr  rrsoltiiiniH  of  tbniik*."  Sir  W.  Scott  *■>- 
Mnded  ibc  ainendmcnt  for  tbr  jiri-viuuit  qgattnn.  On  Blwlrai-t  priu- 
el^O  of  the  rigbti  of  nationi,  the  kortwd  incmbrr  ta'ui.  it  airuld  be 
eaceediDj-ly  iinpruUmt  iu  that  bone  bt  bobic  to  any  >pi!ci6c  dct^Uni- 
tion* ;  aiKl  us  lo  tbc  ipccial  rights,  U  refcrablc  to  tlic  liut([uiiKe  of  thr 
procbunaiioDii  altaded  to.  ilwy  liad  uo  prooA  to  go  up<io,  iioT  did  it 
appear  UiM  tboy  had  bc-t-ii  ever  carried  ioto  tffevt.  Tlic  two  tribunals 
In  tbis  eounirir  vbich  had  oognixanoe  ot  the  nghi«  of  Har  aud  iiaiiona. 
««-rc  tbc  board  of  admiralty  and  the  chambi-r  of  aiiiM-aU ;  of  ibo  lalur 
of  wliteli  Sir  William  UUci»toD«  obstn«d,  "  Uiat  their  deritioas  were 
adaiircd  and  r««pected  ibrotisboiit  all  Buropo."  He  ibeo  uaied  (lie 
dccMon  of  Hi  Kuftalia  >«  a|>plicahU>  to  the  lat«  cooqueslj,  vbich  would 
bIm  mmc  under  thdr  juridiction  in  due  lin»e ;  but  a»  thfy  could  not 
cvrn  cDtPilain  thnt  kind  of  cTidr>ncc  vhioh  was  olTcred  lo  the  iuwM 
tliii  Dif(lit,  111!  coiiHder(>d  thr  modi!  of  diiponitig  of  it  to  bv  lo  vote  for 
thv  order  of  the  day.  Mr  Chorln  Onoilaa  read  MTcral  Inlter*  written 
bf  lfa«  deceaicd  Major-geaeval  DandM  fail  brother,  higlity  appmi  ing 
of  ike  oonduct  of  SirCbarlwGrejud  Sir  Jolm  Jerris,  and  exprewive 
of  tlw  diwpprobation  oT  liie  booty  or  [ilunder  allowed  to  Ruliiicrs  on 
■HCli  OMUioiM,  Mr  Sheridan  hraloved  innny  eDcomlunif  on  Mr  Scc- 
ntnn'  Diind.is  lor  flie  ninnly  mnoorr  in  vhich  be  had  coiuo  lorwwtl. 
Aticr  what  had  been  itiucd  ill  Ju*til)cution  of  Sir  Cbarlea  Gnj  mi  Sir 
JollB  Jervi*.  he  boped  that  all  oaluiDBy  would  bo  done  hvdv,  and  that 
At  character*  of  thrae  gentlenira  wo«ld  appear  la  ihe  niuet  tneritorioiM 
light  to  their  coiuiliymea.  A  dixiuoD  ihen  followed  on  Mr  Secretary 
liiwdaa'a  ftnt  recoliilioa— >Ayn,  64;  N'or*,  13;  Mnjority,  J>l.  An- 
other divMion  took  place  on  ilm  >«<-i>nd  moliition^Ayi>*.  A7  ;  Noe*. 
14:  H^forily,  &3<  Tha  rciolulioa  for  cunlinning  l)ie  fonm-r  lliankt 
of  iha  boBMT  lo  Sir  Charie*  (ircy  and  Sir  John  Ji-rvia  then  paa«cal 
wianinMiaiily.  Thi*  debnt«  «ttlM:i4Tntly  show*  tlic  high  citimation  la 
which  Sir  Charhn  wo*  held  by  mm  of  all  partira.  * 

A>  n  rewiiril  for  his  Mrviots,  be  woi  appmotcd,  on  hi*  arrival  in  thh 
evaatry,  i;utvmar  of  liuvrnsey.  In  1795  be  bcnune  eotonel  of  the 
SOlb  li]{ht  (Iragootw,  and,  in  llic  ftdloiring  yvar,  wai  made  a  general  in 
lh«  araiy.  Utirinf  tli«  mutiny  at  the  Korc,  ia  1797,  be  va*  lelccted 
to  direet  a  niL-diiatcd  attack  on  the  Hetn  fton  the  work*  at  Sheeroea*. 
In  1799  bi;  vuccveded  Geueral  Laac«llM  la  the  colonelcy  of  llio  Sd 
ilragoan«guarda ;  luid,  toward*  the  cloMef  llie  war,  lie  comniandi'd  in 
tha  aovllMrti  dJatricU.  In  1801  bo  «h  kIimI  to  tli«  puorngr.  liy  tli« 
title  of  Baron  Grey  do  Kowick,  iu  KortliiiinberlaBd :  and  in  lttU6  lie 
beoiflM  an  earL  Hi*  death  occarred  on  the  l4th  of  November.  1807, 
at  Fallowikn.  n«ar  Alnwick.  By  hi*  wife,  Kliialwlh.  dau);bter  of 
Grorge  Grey.  Eaq.  of  Sou (li wick,  in  the  county  of  Ourliani,  «hiiin  be 
married  in  17tf:i,  he  had  vevenal  cbildmnt  the  eldetl  of  wlion  aaooaeded 
fo  hi*  earkloni,  and  now  6lla  a  moat  IwooHrable  place,  in  tlie  calkOAlkm 
of  hi*  oirunlry,  a*  a  aiaieainaii  and  pattioC 


wnKAM, 


€^Tln,  Citrl  of  ItbrrpooL 


Hi 

:  a  weakk;  itinm  M 
ia  dH  imj.    Cimim 
17i7,  Md  rc»f*c4  the  Sm  n«MM  ar  ha  I 

iafBnlM.  H«— ritow >*  fiM»J  «» tW  fii  ii  lirii  i»tW 
fraa  windb  i  iwiaity  b«  «»  ttmam4  W  OiJm<  w< 
wwaWnd  ■  ■ftir  of  Minwiry  wlWp.  He  took  tWdffivnaf 
B.  A.  nd  A-  >t.  mm)  M*n«  to  h«**  MMfe  hi— If  Snt  kaowi  Is  tW 
jmUic  br  >o>«  «««*•  «  tb*  dtalk  of  iW  pcwee  of  WbIml 

I*  17&3  W  nMotol  ban  Odbtd,  Md  fifi^  brt  ■  i^  prtii* 
■omI  fafUM,  k  co—w etd  liM  (Mw  M  a  ^  of  knen.  Mdb 
mU  H  iMKaMMioMllraqipficda^mk  few  the 'MMtMr  Bene*.' 
Hf«t  ta—tM.Li  pcfclkal  wriwt:M<  to  l756,paUiAed  'ADw- 
■enuiOBM  ifae  EgMhtwMl  of  a  MmmmuI  ml  CoMtiMdoMl  Fura 
>■  E^^Mwt,  iwfaptQifaQl  or  &  ■UaJiog  Anay.'  TUa  met  kboudi 
«{dt  wuir  nraly  aad  pMriMie  Kodncati,  aod  faM  been  q«oM4  ■oiBM 
UMriT  in  tlie  Imma  of  pecn.  on  wfciefa  oeoMioa  Ub  Mi%  «d  ■«» 
diajr  that  be  waa  tlw  anthor,  bnl  cvnttmud  UbmIT  wilk  ^oloydag 
fcr  In*  erron,  «a  mcoolM  of  bia  txtnmt  jonth.  Soom  ther  ibk  b« 
wrote  *  A  EKMSovnc  on  tbe  Condact  of  tbe  Gonnncnt  of  Gnat  Bri- 
tain, wU  raiipMt  to  BMiftI  NatiOBa,  Auiaf  tbe  pnaeitt  War.*  "  To 
tUa  fniaoOom  bit  riaa  in  Ufa  hM  been  t^Oy  Utribittetl :  it  *«>  lo- 
imi  aOamtii  bjr  wtvjr  oim  to  bo  ■»  able  perforvMiee  i  bat.  like 


otbtra  of  tbe  «mc  kind,  it  nigbt  !»*•  lain  In  tbe  wanbonae  of  bti 
beokaalkr,  awl  he  bianMir  rawofd  br  erer  in  obaevrilj,  bad  it  not 
haaa  fee  ibe  inUrteDtioo  ofn  gvnilcnian  of  the  tatw  ccwuy,  witb  vboB 
ha  Inekily  beoNnc  noqaaintcd.  Sir  &]«anl  Tomer  of  Atubroardtn  io 
OxbnMtire,  beinf  of  an  Micient  bmilj-,  and  powpaung  a  large  fertonct 
WW  daairana  to  repmeot  hi*  native  coaniy  in  porl^imcaL  Having 
Itahil  BOttihItrabiti  infloniec  bjr  mcau  of  b  lar;^  citalr.  and  a  hocfii- 
taUa  and  noble  mantioii,  be  uood  canditUic  a*  kDi^bi  of  the  afainw 
Ha  wia,  bowrrer,  ■trrnaawIjF  but  naaococnaliillf  3*1^*^ '  '"''  '"  ^* 
di«)oa  Is  bM  o«n,  be  poMPw^  Um  eown-istensL  The  •Iru^lr,  ncrer* 
Ibaiaa,  «aa  Isog  and  viotent,  and  it  atUI  liiraw  a  memonble  epoch  in 
Ifco  UitOfr  of  eoMcMad  elnctwaa ;  bnt  for  notliing  i*  it  inorc  rmurk- 
M*.  lh«B  by  betas  the  fertannM  ocMmoee  iu  Mr  JenkiiMoo'*  life 
vMdi  pfodnaod  all  Ui  aabaM|nant  giaalnf .  Tlie  contending  pailie* 
bwini^  a*  iwul,  oaOed  ia  the  aid  of  IxUada,  lanpoooa,  vertca,  and  a- 
llraa,  lUa  gntkaua  dbtlngniahed  binwir  by  a  tcog  n  braur  of  Sir 
Bd«rar4  nd  Ma  friand*.  which  m  cn|iliTaiml  ptihrr  the  taaU  or  lira 
gmkoW  of  tha  baronet,  lliat  he  intreditcvd  him  (o  the  cori  of  BuU, 
than  ftoariahing  ia  all  the  plHtiinde  of  poerr.  It  ii  knovn  Inil  to  fev, 
prrhaiM,  thai  bia  lordtbip — who  placed  Mr  JrnktiiMUi  at  liri>i  id  ui  in- 
hrior  oftca.-«aa  not  al  all  raptivatcd  iritb  bimi  for  it  wai  eatirrly 
wwlng  Is  Um  wyaainl  (oliciutiMM  of  tha  mauibcr  for  Oafotd»Un  iliai 


Pnra*.]  CHAMLtR,  BAKL  Or  LIVIRPOOI..  01 

h«  ciUDdcd  bia  futtlit^r  |)rol«ction.  After  a  longer  (rial,  however,  lie 
beckni«  tbe  pri'mier'a  private  secreury,  und  in  »ora«  respect  a  mcntbii 
of  bis  fnmily,  partiMpAting  in  his  friendsliip  aiKl  faTOHr,  and  living  with 
liim  in  an  unra^trainrd  and  confldrnlial  inl«m)»r*r. 

"Such  a  conneriinn  lu  Ihia  coiild  not  fail  to  pTore  adrantiigrous; 
and,  aceordingly,  in  Mnrrh,  1761,  wn  find  him  appointed  one  oF  th« 
under^eomtarics  ofiutr, — a  ttstion  which  prriujipnaen  an  iaticnntAac- 
qaainlaiiaf!  with  the  aituntion  of  forcifni  al&irs,  uiid  a  jin-tiy  accurate 
knowii-dj^c  in  peiptct  to  ihr  areana  imprrii  in  gtneral.  He  now  br- 
c«me  a  dccbml  ndhemit  of  what  wm  tlirii  culU'd  *  lliL-  Leiceater'liouic 
party,'  by  yih<i*e  iiifturoce  he  was  rriuriii'd  to  parliamunt  at  t)ir  geticral 
deoioii,  in  1*61,  (or  the  borou||;h  or  Cuckvniioutb,  oa  the  recoin* 
n^'iMlatioa  ot  tlie  earl  of  Loiudale,  hit  palton'i  aon-in-Uw.  He,  bow 
ever,  did  uot  rcniaiii  loiig  in  this  Kiaiion ;  for  he  soon  received  (lie 
lucrative  appoint meut  of  treaiurcr  of  the  ordnaiic«.  Tliis  be  reliu* 
quisbed  in  1763,  for  the  more  confidential  office  of  joint -«e(^r«tary  of 
the  treasury,-^  situation  for  which  he  was  admirably  qualified,  by  liii 
ktwwicdge  of  the  stale  of  parties,  and  the  tDaoagement  of  a  boiue  of 
eonunoti*,  of  which  be  himself  had  been  (one  tin«a  meinher.  To  tbe 
RockiD){h3">  ndminift ration,  nhicli  suoceedcd  to  1765,  he  was  bo4h 
pentouaJly  and  politicntly  odioix,  nnd  he  accordingly  lout  all  hi*  np- 
pointmenti :  but  in  thf  conrsc  of  the  Mune  year,  he  had  one  conferred 
on  bitn  by  lli«  kiiiK*s  tuoilier,  lliv  princeM-dowafterof  WhW,  which  no 
tninlaler  contd  bereave  biin  uf, — the  audhonliip  of  Ler  royal  bif;h< 
■eaa'a  accounts.  This  circunislaaee,  added  to  his  oIom  inliatiacy  with 
the  discarded  mini^ler,  awakened  the  jealously  of  the  patriots ;  and  if 
tie  arc  to  credit  their  Mispicions.  he  became,  in  the  technical  langnaga 
of  Llial  liny,  ■  the  f^-bctween '  to  the  favourite,  the  princeiB'iootlier,  and 
tbe  ihroni-,"  ' 

Id  1766,  by  the  influence  of  llie  carl  of  Chatbaai,  ibeu  lonl-preai- 
deiit  of  the  council,  Mr  Jvnbinson  was  appuioied  one  of  (he  lunla  oflbe 
Mhiitalty.  Soon  after  this,  (he  inar(|ue4s  of  Totiiisheiid,  on  bb  being 
•pp<»Ated  viceroy  of  Ireland,  wished  to  avail  himsvlf  of  the  lalcnis  i>f 
Mr  .lenkinson  in  the  capiicity  of  his  private  •eerrlary,  but  h«i  declined 
this  amnj^cmvot,  and  nai  immrdintdy  appointed  a  lord  aftlur  irearni- 
ry,  in  which,  ofliec  be  cootinurd  during  tin-  Grcnvillc  and  Gnfton 
admin Utmtiona.  During  this  period  of  hii  life,  he  greatly  dtstin- 
gui>lird  himtclf  as  a  Hnaneicr,  and  had  a  large  aharc  in  lliv  procredinga 
which  led  to  (bat  important  object,  th«  reform  of  tlie  |,-old  coin  ultimate* 
ly  peoduced  1^  the  sinlute  13*  Geo.  III.  e.  71.  Un  all  flulijccb  of 
flnanoe,  fitca  I -operation,  and  political  economy,  he  was  in  piirliunient 
llatened  to  with  attention ;  and  (he  meaauree  lie  proposed  were  in  many 
iiMianoeii  advantageously  adopted.  Wp  nlfo  find  him  taking  tlie  lewl 
u  etwitnian  of  a  coniniltiee  of  (lie  honsc  of  c»nimona  appointeil  to  ex- 
amine into  the  aibira  of  (he  East  India  company ;  which  were  Ibcn  in 
ao  einharraaacd  a  state  that  tliey  found  it  neceavary  to  reduce  their 
diviilrod  from  twelvr  nnd  ■  half  to  aix  per  prnt.  per  annum  :  and  on  the 
80th  .March,  1772,  to  apply  lur  a  bill  to  roKiilate  ilieir  servant*,  and  to 
prohibit  thn  govrmnr  and  council  from  having  any  concern  in  Iradd 
This  •ubjcct  mold  nui,  in  its  niuiti furious  objects  of  dMall,  have  (lUm 

•  •  UonthI)  Uifttlng '  «>r  Fstvmir.  lOM 


roLITICtL  twntMM. 


IBtwwa 


into  abltr  hamli  llian  liia*r  of  Mr  JnikiiHon-  Hi*  rvfKiH*  upon  thb 
oMwiian,  panicnlariy  in  what  rrinird  to  liic  finimdal  poru  of  Uie  dk- 
quinition,  liav*  been  coaaidrcrd  u  inoiK'U  of  •tatictical  vriiin;-.  In 
1773  be  vat  Bp|)oin(«l,  villi  L<inl-*iscuuiit  Clare  and  Wejiliurv  EM'a, 
E*q.,  joiul  1T>el^-I^Fvaror  of  Ireland,  and  iMdourfd  urtlk  the  rank  uf 
|iriT]r>couDi'illor :  and  wbcn  CborlM  Ja««*  Foi  told  t«  govcniiBciit  tb* 
oaea  wlikfc  be  heM  for  )>fc  of  dprk  of  the  p#tb  in  IrelaMl,  Hr  Jenlun' 
MS  «••  adored  thi*  tttualion  in  excbu^  br  that  ot  v\w  tMHwiiii.  an 
oflVr  «h^b  be  Metftad. 

In  1778  ha  waa  appointcd  M:crciaiy-al*«ar.  From  Ihii  poM  be  waa 
«r  cmir**-  driven  by  ibe  Mine  uvi-r|>uw(rrio){  weight  of  ptiblio  feeltitg 
■inilvd  Co  a  inmt  povrrlnl  oppusiliuii  iti  [Ih-  boiM  ot  conaioiMi  vUeb 
liiinily  rriitbed  Lord  Nortli'a  admintitraliva.  Uiiiing  ihii  atttaoo  of 
Iciiurr,  Mr  jRokimoo  took  a  jounivy  ii>  tbc  routincnt.  In  thi*  near- 
■ion  France  wa«  llic  Gnt  ubjuel  of  ha  altcntiua :  Lbvrc  be  Tinted  many 
of  tbc  principal  people,  and  bccaoie  particularly  connected  wiib  the  Dus 
de  Clioiacnl.  then  the  Galbc  prime  minbier.  Huw  lan|{  be  reniaia 
at  I'aria  doea  not  appear  i  but  «  e  l«ara  that  la  llie  courw  of  hi*  Irarcla 
he  pasH-d  a  wliote  aanner  in  Holland,  and  another  in  Irrland.  Sono 
part  uT  bin  IHwre  b  alao  atid  to  Imtb  been  iteeoied  to  litriary  aroc«> 
liiMii :  tint  from  tbeaa  be  vat.  in  conteqvMee  of  tbe  accetMuii  uf  Mr 
Pitt  tu  ihc  premiertbip,  called  again  into  active  Uf*-.  Dy  Uiia  niionter 
be  «iu  placed  at  ili«  bead  of  the  coanmiltec  of  privy-ouuuril  for  ibe 
■waaKenieal  of  Ibe  a&in  of  trade  bdcI  ptaaiatioaa  i  in  a  place  for  wbicb 
bn  rcyular  and  progrewire  rue  ihrongh  vnrioua  other  ottcea  PBott  ad- 
Bilnbly  qoalifieil  him.  he  exeeted  liioiacif  for  two  yMTi  witboiit  dcrir- 
Ing  <ny  emolumctit  fruni  hit  MUiatkiii. 

In  l7Sli  Mr  Jenkiuaon  «a*  a(ip<HDt«d  cbanecllor  of  the  dnehy  of 
Lonckiter.  and  »oon  alter  cri'alrd  Boron  Hawkoaburj.  During  (hi* 
patiod  abe  ba  aueconUd  to  (bo  bomtiiafy  tiilt  of  bb  tamily.  iJiat  of 
iMniiet,  and  to  Iba  appeixbal  aataiaa. 

In  tbe  year  1796,   brinf;  atill  pmidmt  uf  tbp  committee  of  tn(bl| 
and   pknlaltoat,  bb  lord>bip  uaa  oflrmi  ibn  rank  of  rarl,  a  djgniti 
vhicJi,  alUr  tone  ooMKktaiioo,  be  thought  it  r%Iii  to  acerpL     To  i ' 
litla  of  ««rl  of  Livrrpool  vat  aiiocsnl.  in  roD««fii''ncc  of  a 
tioa  of  tbo  Biayoe  and  eorpotalion  of  Liverpool.  iIh-  additional  bona 
of  brlnji  anibortaed  by  bb  ma}t*t]r  to  i|uartfr  tl>c  amia  of  that  I 
villi  hia  own. 

After  continuing  in  tbe  bi^  oficial  iIluatioB  of  prraideM  of 
caMmlllee  of  privy-connctl  foe  tbe  alTairt  of  inule  and  |>tantat>OM  unt: 
the  yrar  IKUl,  hi*  lonlthip  waa  tebed  with  a  rlM-umaiic  diHinter,  whieb 
Minturliiliately  dvprivril  liim  iil  Iba  uae  of  bt>  limb*  ;  aod  lin<lii>|[  llut 
eaaU  iw  Jonitrr  ilii^tiaritv  ihr  varioiin  dntira  attMbad  to  bb  important 
•lalion,  be  imirnnl  it.  At  the  tiui- of  hi*  daoaatib  which  took  pUre 
on  the  I7tb  of  Dcoraiber.  ItUlH.  Ii*  *■*  itill  rd-rk  of  ibr  pvU*.  and  i 
eolkctar  of  IIm  ewatoia  inwaid  fur  ibo  purl  ul  I^ntiHi.  Hb  death 
aaM  to  bair  been  graally  aeoalenlad  by  an  Mnb-nt  vliieJi  brlell 
wifo.  wbo,  ahovt  a  weak  balim  bb  dbmution  took  plae>-,  waa 
blly  liitnii.  aoma  part  of  her  dreaa  bavinn  unfuriunali  ly  oaiqjht  tnj{ 
Ha  «M  Iwloa  iMiTiedi— An*  In  ]7(LS.  to  Anirii*.  daoabter  uf  Ml 
*^*<tt*.  gtn-prnor  of  Urngal,  by  wboin  be  bad  ooe  aon,  bb  aac 
on  tbe  »t<l  o(  Jane,  17SS,   li>  C'atlMftlM,  daagbter  of  Sir 


I'Kinu.]  AbUIKAU  LARS  OAHDIHBR.  63 

IMtliopp,  Van.,  ynicnt  or  hia  Rnt  coiuio.  Sir  Chocjo*  Copt!,  by  wlxiA 
lie  had  n  MKi  bimI  daiighlvr.  He  i)  ileM-ribriJ  sk  iiaving  bvm  Gsc«c<t- 
iiigly  amiable  in  the  rcUlkxii  of  privnlr  life. 

As  uii  unUor.  bia  lonlrbip  *|ioki!  but  tpldotn.  «itiicr  in  the  hi>iisL-  of 
OOiilinixia  or  pt-i-rs,  a>id  liUlEriy  ullendeil  but  little  tu  publii?  bu^inirts  in 
COiiMqiiciKV  of  bo  advuieed  mgf  aiid  infirmitim.  Bufeidi-^  tijv  wuf4:» 
nhtch  bnve  already  bu«i  mentioned,  hia  lord»liip  was  the  author  of  tiia 
fbllowiog:  '  A  Collvciion  oC  all  TreaiiM  of  Fvacei  AUiancp,  and  Com- 
ii»crcc  between  Gr^at  BrJuiit  tad  oihor  FowMi^  from  tii«  'i'rrmy  ot 
Mumtrr  in  1C48,  lo  the  Treaties  «iEiic«l  at  PUruia  1783,'  3  vol».  Hro. 
0765):  and  ■  A  TreuiM  on  tbe  Coin*  of  England,  ia  a  Lcttpr  lo  Ih* 
King,'  4lo.  (IB05.)  C>f  bia  Iwt  produdion,  the  blinbiirgh  rcvinirm 
■poku  in  tbn  folio*  ing  tcna  -.  "  It  i<  plnuing  to  &ni]  oni;,  who  mint  ne< 
ceuarily  bavc  booi  bn.-d  anuinic  the  exploded  doctrinia  of  the  elder 
(rcooMuiatf.  •Iiaking  bimMlf  almmt  (juiic  Jodm!  from  their  influence,  nt 
an  advalicciJ  pcriud  of  lite ;  aud  betraying,  wliile  lie  rauoic*  llie  fu* 
i-otirit«  Hpectilatiuiis  of  hin  c«rly  yt»Ta,  so  tittk  Um  towardi  crrur*  wbich 
be  muBl  on(.-e  buve  imbibed.  It  it  im  Leu  )>raiiK-nig  tu  ubiterve  on* 
who  liai  bcro  educated  iu  lli«  walks  of  practical  policy,  ami  grown  old 
moid  tbc  UiKllv  of  pnUic  ctuployinmil«,  failwllisbiiig  iIh>  dertiiw  of  life 
by  pursuits  whidi  unite  tlic  dignity  of  icirnon  uitb  tbc  uicfulncMof 
active  exertion." 


anntiral,  EorU  ^artiinrr. 

•OKU  A.P,  1742.— MID  «.lh  ld09. 

This  noblenian  im  in  n  gTMt  nicwurp  ibr  arvbitMl  of  lili  own  Ibr- 
hiaa.  His  bibcr  wa*  lieutenant -colonel  of  llio  lltli  dra);ooa*,  nnd 
AhDi  llin  •ubgccl  of  Ibis  noticr,  vns  the  oiglitli  of  twelve  cbililren.  He 
vntaTMl  die  nary  at  tlio  «g«  at  ihineen.  ami  fint  lerrrd  ni  ■  midsbip- 
nu  in  tJi«  Mvdwvy  frigaic  of  siJity  gunn.  l-'rotn  tbo  Mtdvay  ha 
pwasd  to  lb*  Namur,  in  whi«h  he  wiu  pfr*rnl  in  llir  Huehfurt  ripMli- 
lioo  t  and  from  ih-c  Uller  veuel,  tu  tliv  UonvUhirr,  in  vhieh  Mt4il  ha 
wilncord  the  eD]{ageflM.-iil  irilh  Manbul  de  Condao*  off  IWIb-ishi. 

In  1766  be  n-eeitnl  Ibe  apjioiiitiDenl  of  post'Caplain,  tuid  look  CDRI- 
maud  of  iho  fruloti  of  Hlty  giiiiSi  the  lUg-sliip  of  Itenr-wlmim)  Parry, 
nhoin  U^  ncconipaujed  lo  Ibe  JauMira  station.  Ilr  aft«nrards  ob* 
taiiM-d  tbc  coiuniand  of  the  Sultiui,  ii  H>veoly<fuur.  in  which  be  look  m 
Irvdiiig  part  in  tbo  ctigagen^'nt  otTGrttaadn  wilb  D'Eslaiiig.  In  17UI 
be  was  a|ipoiuied  lu  ibi-  DuLcu  a  aKoad  raW  of  98  guns,  one  of  the 
ships  sFiil  to  reinforce  the  fleet  of  Sir  George  Rodney,  vho  Iwut  niciu- 
wliile  anoceedrd  to  tbi*  chief  iH>uittiaiid  in  ibo  WmI  ladies.  Ca|>taia 
(iardiuer  bad  the  good  fortune  tu  Join  ihe  ndoiiral  pri-vioti*  lo  iha 
mciuoraUi!  ISlh  of  April.  1782.  On  that  gloritms  day  Ihr  Duke  was 
second  lo  tlie  Formidablo,  llic  Hug-ibip  of  Sir  iii-oirgv  Kuilnry.  and 
Captain  tiardiuer  waji  ibo  fint  la  brvak  tbroucb  ibe  nirmy's  tine  of 
bsitlf,  srcorduig  hi  ibo  ii«w  plan  of  niutck  adujited  by  tbe  Ikilish  t*U 
miral  on  ihnt  ucnuion.  During  ouu  period  uf  the  ncllun,  iho  Dul>c,iB 
conjunction  with  itic  Funnidabla  and  Naiour,  had  to  siutiuu  the  tire  of 
likfMi  of  ibe  tnciuy'a  sbipai  and  llicif  loss  was  pm|iorliui>ably  great. 


M 


POLITICAL  SBRIE*. 


[X.»T» 


On  bMfd  (lie  Duke  tJiirt«>n  m«n  ucro  LilloiJ,  kiid  6(ly-twtn  wouoiled. 
Sseh  (pirited  oonduct  ralitlcd  CspUin  Gantiiwr  to  thr  panicular  noiicc 
of  (be  ci>nimu»dn-iD-cl)iFf,  who  wn*  >o  wrlt-plcsietl  with  the  exertions 
of  all  und«r  bim,  m  to  remark,  in  an  rmphatic*!  inaiiiMr,  "  that  he 
wanW  word*  to  mprm  hnw  *cnaiblr  lie  wni  of  the  meriionODa  «in- 
iluct  of  all  tii«  captaini,  otficcn,  and  turn,  who  had  a  ifaarv  In  this  gUt- 
riona  victory  obtained  by  ibvir  gallant  rxerlian*." 

Soon  aArr  ihl*  a  loofc  peace  miuvd,  during  whicli  the  cohiccl  of  thia 
mrnoir  apixarad  Kunctitnca  to  a  civil  and  (omctimea  in  a  naval  camcity ; 
haring  ocicil  aa  eomntodore  on  tlie  Jnnuica  itution.  on  boanl  the  bKrofie 
of  fiftj-gnns.  in  thi!  yean  I783-6-7-S  and  D,  and  in  I7U0  aa  a  lord  of  the 
■dmintlly ;  be  also  obtained  ■  seat  in  pariiameDt.  llnfing  been  at  length 
raised  to  theraiikorrear-adniiralof  tlie  Blue,  Febrauy  1(1,  1703,  heiuon 
after  Itoiitcd  bit  da;;  on  board  the  Queen  orDinMT^ightfpillS,  and  oa  llie 
S-tlh  of  March  be  aailMl  in  tli«  eapacity  of  oo«inander-io- chief  to  the 
Leenard  I-Jand*.  Upon  the  arrival  of  AdiDirvl  Gardiner  on  tfab  «Ia- 
tiaN,  Sir  Jobn  Laforey  rf«igii«d  the  eOBuitand,  and  relumed  to  Eog- 
huxL  Soon  after  thin,  being  eticoaraged  by  the  ditpuicf  between  the 
republicatiB  and  ny>li>ta  in  the  adjacent  eolony  of  Atartinjoo,  and  cor- 
iMMly  pircMcd  by  the  Utter  to  niakc  a  descent  on  that  ii^lnnd,  be  deter- 
mineil  to  give  ihi'm  rvery  aMitUUiOO  in  hi*  power.  Accordingly,  on 
the  I61I1  of  June,  after  a  previou*  eoaoultation  villi  nujor-grncrol 
Brace,  that  oSieer  eflceted  a  dcicent  with  nltout  3000  Briliib  troopa, 
under  cover  of  the  diip*  of  war ;  but  finding  Ibe  drmocralical  party  too 
(trong,  they  were  reimbarkcd  on  the  2  lit  with  eomiderable  Iom> 
After  despatching  the  Hannilttl  and  Hector,  of  tevcoty-four  gutiMacbi 
to  reinforce  ihc  Kiuodroa  on  tbc  Jamaica  >1aiion.  Admiral  Ganli^er  re- 
lumed home,  and  arriinl  at  Spitbead.  October  let,  1793. 

In  1794  wc  find  him  ai  rvu-'^diniral  of  the  While,  *ervii^  in  the 
cbonnel  Ueet  under  Earl  Howe,  and  contributing  with  hi*  nmal  intre- 
pidity to  the  lucceas  of  ibc  memorable  lu  of  June.  On  the  morning 
of  that  day  the  EnfHiih  and  French  Itevta  being  in  oeder  of  batllo,  w  hen 
Ibe  Brili*b  admiral  threw  out  tlie  ligool  tu  bear  up,  and  for  eacli  thip 
to  ci^i^  her  oppooenl,  R««r>adniiral  Gardiner  doired  hi*  crew  "  not 
to  fln:  until  tbey  (hould  be  itear  enough  to  ■corch  the  Freuchioen'* 
braiib."  Tbe  Queen  bore  a  cOMpkooui  part  in  this  oclivo;  and  EoH 
Howe  in  hii  public  deapatcbc*  nude  parlieulur  mention  of  Rt'nr'odmirDl 
((■rdiner.  When  hi*  majesty  nftcnrarda  gave  orders  for  a  gold  inedal 
nnildeuutieal  of  tbe  victory  to  be  preienied  to  ccrtato  dtsiingubbcd 
uAe«t«i  bo  waa  Ml  only  ineiiHled  in  the  number,  but  alto  apixiinted 
■iajar>g«iMrsl  of  marinea.  and  created  a  baronet  of  Great  Britain. 

ISir  .\lan  conliiiiied  In  serve  tinder  Earl  Howe  while  lliat  Bobltman 
went  to  WB  i  and  when  Lord  Bridpoet  luceredi-il  to  the  eovmiand,  bt> 
•ervm-a  were  considered  hi  indHpennbl*  in  the  eliannrl,  lliat  he  waa 
ondomily  rmployed  on  thai  station  for  a  series  of  year*.  He  was  pre- 
wnl.  in  |»rticiihir,  at  tbc  action  off  Port  I'Orienl,  June  22d,  1793.  when 
ibn  Emirh  fleet  Mvrd  ilsdf  from  inerilable  dolrtieiian  by  a  pm-ipilate 
ligliL  At  ihe  beginning  of  17V7,  when  the  mutiny  took  plocv  at  Portx 
tnouib,  and  il  was  dremcd  nrceasaiy  for  tome  persons  of  oulliotiiy  in 
the  fltd  to  conlre  with  the  deUfilMi  Admirals  liordiner,  Colpoys.  wmI 
Pole,  repaired  on  board  the  Queen  Charlotte,  thm  in  ibe  [wietjeion  of 
tbe  iBuuacer*.     llic  latter,  however,  would  not  enter  into  any  negoUa- 


4 


Pi  MOB.] 


JAMKS.  KARL  gr  prpE. 


lion,  M,  ihcy  wd,  no  «rnui|;rmenl  whKUwn-r  could  be  eooaidned  a* 
fiiMl  until  it  WM  Mnctimird  by  bolfa  king  and  parliainenl.  On  this  Sir 
Alan  UK*  Ml  (litptroiwd,  lliat  vitliout  rrllcoting  on  hii  oim  iliiftgpr,  b« 
■ci»!d  oiip  of  ibe  cbjrf  MfDipiinlon  by  ibr  eollsr,  nod  *w«rc  that  mrry 
Itfih  ni«a  on  busrd  should  Im:  t-xt'cotcd.  Thu  crew,  in  their  turn,  vrr* 
•o  cxaBpi-raU-d,  ibat  it  nai  with  DO  MDttll  difficuhy  ha  rmpnd  with  hit 
littr,  mflpr  which  Lord  Brnlport'*  t»g  wu  Binick,  and  a  falondjr  one  di** 
played  in  iU  [rfan.  Early  in  1796,  Sir  Alan  »(?■■■■  M>n*ed  in  tfii^  cban- 
nel  iect.  baYEng  hi*  Aag  hoiurd  ou  board  thu  Roynl  Gvorgr,  uixlor 
Lord  Brid]M>tt;  aa  h1m>  in  lli«  beginDlBg  of  1799  in  ibe  Rnyal  Soro- 
reigiii  but  he  moo  after  r«tuniMl  into  port  viih  a  Mguailroii  Irum  a 
eniiiu  o0  the  coatt  of  Franc«.  Having  lailnl  again,  it  van  divcovrrcd 
that  th«  French  fleet,  aft«r  Mcaptng  from  Brc^t  during  a  fog,  bud 
ttanied  lowanla  tb«  M«littTraiM>an  ;  on  which  he  was  wnt  bv  ili«  raai^ 
OHMler-iii^ktef  with  adeiachincnIoruiIMn  tail  of  ih«  line  lo  ninfiiro* 
111*  MjuadroB  off  Cadii,  aud  in  (be  M«dilerranran  uiid«r  Eari  St  Via* 
MKt.  FBroeiTiRg,  bowvvrr,  thai  thrrc  wa*  but  liKle  dan^r  in  cither 
of  dwae  qaan*n>,  ba  rrlamod  in  July  with  iba  convoy  fton  Liibon, 
accompanied  by  iiiii«  tail  of  the  line 

Eoily  in  the  year  I8U0,  wv  once  more  And  Sir  Alan,  who  wo*  toon 
after  cn^uled  a  pc«r  of  IrebiMl,  by  the  litk  of  Lord  (tardiiicr,  nrrving 
at  oov  period  uodcr  hia  oh!  admiral  Lord  Dridpurt  id  tlie  chunii<-l  Hcct, 
aud  at  auoiber  command inj;  a  aijaadron  of  obttervalion  off  Brtoi ;  luit 
OB  ibe  flSd  of  August  be  Irfi  the  Royal  Sovereign,  and  mcceeded  Ad> 
Mtral  KingHiull  in  tho  naval  contmnnd  in  Ireland,  which  be  li«ld  lor 
aeveral  year*.  In  1607  ba  aucn«rilad  the  «arl  of  St  Vincent  in  tha 
oommaod  of  the  cttaonel  fle«ti  which  llUbealtb  obliged  biu  mnik  tinra 
■ttec  to  rtliii'|iiiili. 

Lord  Guiiiiurt  Mt  ill  t]irce  aucccMirc  parliameiitii.  In  January, 
1790,  ha  WHk  elected  one  of  tl>e  rrjireBcalatiitn  (or  the  town  of  Piy- 
mouih.  On  the  IXtli  of  June,  1796,  he  was  outninaled,  ia  eooiuactiun 
Willi  Mr  Fox.  one  of  the  memiirr*  (or  We*iniiacl«'r.  At  the  (tctieral 
eleotioa  In  ]6tt2i  when  be  wac  again  returned  lor  W^tlmiiwier,  Mr  Foa 
paW  •  very  high  coaiplioient  to  hi*  virtues  and  inir^rity.  "  A  noblk 
admiral,"  Mid  hO|  **  bia  bcao  propnaad  to  yon.  I  cnluiiily  cannot  boMt 
of  agreeiag  with  bin  in  politiol  optnioM ;  but  wbom  could  ibo  rkdon 
piteh  ■(Ntt  more  worlky  of  llirir  clioice  iJian  the  noble  lord,  in  hi*  pri- 
ma ctiaraeler  Muvertally  rr»|)#cted,  anil  a  man  who  hai  lervnd  liia 
country  niili  a  teal,  a  gallanKy.  a  •pirit,  and  a  cfileMlowr  that  will  re- 
ivet  npon  hiin  unmortal  boiM«r  ?" 


jinmro.  Carl  of  jTift. 

■oao  <■  a.  imk—ana  *.  o.  I8O0L 


Jiim.  Eari  of  I'ltr.  wui  bom  in  Uw  town  of  BanU  in  1729.  Hcaaa 
Iha  wttati  Md  of  Wiilbm,  Earl  of  FiU,  by  hn  M'cvod  wt£n.  Jbms 
dangbtc*  of  Sir  Johh'*  (iniiil  of  Gninl«  Bart-  Having  an  rjiler  brotbari 
who  wn«  cdneated  at  Weitminater,  lie  uaa  intended  from  liii  cradla  bi 
iba  iWofrauoB  of  Uir  law.  and  at  a  [iropr  t  age  re|iairtd  to  the  unituwly 
of  Edlnborgh,  (at  the  two-ftiUI  pnrvoae  of  conipieiiDg  hia  edu«BtMii>  iumI 

Vll<  I 


w 


rOLlTICAt.  SBKIftS. 


I» 


•tidying  (lie  civil  Uv.  But  ili«'  <l**iIiori^nI  BnM»>  in  England  al- 
(•rad  lh«  vi«ws  or  liu  yi>unf;«T  brother,  »o  tbtt  lit'  imoK^iately  rrturnrd 
hoiDP.  end  brcnnu)  what  in  Hngland  u  tcrnicd  a  counlry-Bniliitiun. 

During  the  life  at  hi*  btbrr  Mr  Dulf— now  bccocnc  Lord  Urnco 
coDctitv^l  the  ouiline  of  a  nahlo  plan  lor  ibc  improrMHOt  of  hU  pttri- 
■nonikl  fcrianc,  wbicb  hi-  filled  up  and  ooniplcicd  >Acr  Ibp  lapMt  of 
iBore  tlian  balf-a-cc-ntuiy.  Hi«  moikl  and  mraior,  on  this  ucciuioa, 
irad  the  luul  o(  Flodluter, — a  nobleman  who  potomcd  a  grau  ami  en- 
lighlrocd  mind,  oud  wba*e  nane  and  cle««b  will  bv  loug  mnrmbcicd  in 
thu  portiuti  of  SculUod,  which  at  tliis  day  n.-ap*  «o  loon^  adraotagr* 
ttvm  ha  betu-ficenl  projects.  In  conrurmily  io  hi*  jiid|tRiMit,  whiuh  bad 
been  ripened  by  iratvl  and  rtpcrieticr,  hu  loriUiip  btgun  tu  plant: 
knd  la  the  covnc  of  a  frv  yt-an.  iht  lidu  and  lops  of  hdb  ntuHy  niac- 
Mnibla  ftod  bilb«no  unpruduetive  brjiau  to  aMnne  a  n«w  and  a  more 
■dranlifMHU  Mped.  Tbi-  u«ritc  toil  Damr  appeared  itrdani,  and  the 
uollbm  d«ll  cwl  batrt'u  cxl^m  of  beatk  oblaiu<.-d  a  wanner  and  a  nrara 
civitoed  tint,  ftom  Iht  lir,  lh«  pine,  the  larch,  tlm  i-lm.  the  ach.  and  ibe 
rale,  «bo*e  hdiIc^  maaiea  for  the  Ant  tiine  caU  a  protecltng  shade 
along  tiic  dreary  waste 

Hia  kmUiip*!  ambition,  nearly  at  ibe  uai«  time,  poitiied  at  a  seat  in 
MrliameBt.  lie  accordingly  becaoie  a  candidate  Tor  the  cauBty  of 
Moray,  and  *at  for  Mme  yean  as  its  rrpreM-ntabfc.  In  1760  he  mar- 
ried I.ady  DoTorhca  Sinclair,  lole  bi-tm*  of  Alexander,  ninth  earl  of 
Cniiliti^w,  »iih  whom  he  obtained  a  very  coibidetable  fortune.  In 
1763  he  *U(-c««ded  hi*  faihor,  both  in  bonown  and  eMaic.  Soon  a^vt 
this  he  purchased  l-iie-hoose,  at  Whitrlwll,  and  having  a  t«Na  for 
bulldiug,  eipeiMjed  a  very  large  aum  in  altering  or  rather  rebuilding  it. 
Indeed,  no  Dobletuan  in  Great  Briuiii  |>o*WHed,  perhapa,  *o  many 
teata. 

During  the  pdilical  ebuHilion  that  succeeded  the  French  retoluiion. 
tn  thla  country,  the  earl  of  Fife.  »v  bc-lU'**.  uss  nn  alarmist :  and  like 
many  others  uf  that  des«ript(on,  in  order  to  ilciuunstrnii:  liis  ojaridi-nM 
In  ihe  eiitiin)[  government.  aooeptL-d  of  aii  English  peerage  AwB  ib 
Accordinirly,  m  17S8,  be  waa  erealrd  Buron  File,  of  the  kingdoa  of 
Great  Bntain.  Thia  circumftiance,  however  ttoilering  It  might  pra«« 
in  ooa  point  of  riew,  wa*  y«t  hoaiilc  to  hi*  puliiiral  Indaeoee  in  anotber* 
a*  it  introdiKx^  Sir  Willtani  Grant,  mauler  of  the  rullt,  to  ihv  eouRty 
of  llnnlf ;  aoit  it  wa*  found  impoMiUe  e*er  after  to  remove  him  al- 
though many  cuceeMin  etton*  were  made  for  thai  purpote. 

At  length,  lowanU  tbr  ranrlmion  of  tha  lai«  war,  tho  eari  of  Fife 
OpMly  deeUred  hi*  enmity  to  Mr  I'ilt,  and  tba  miiiistcn  of  tliat  <tay; 
and  aa  bo  waa  known  to  Ite  an  okl  coartiarv  well -nnguain ted  with  the 
tfting*  that  Bcluato  tha  eondnct  of  public  men,  many  were  led  to  m|k 
poae  that  he  began  to  antictjiatv  their  down&lL  On  the  8d  ofFcbtw* 
ary,  ISOI.  ba  raae  in  h'la  place,  in  the  bmuc  of  peers,  aud  tpokc  aa  kA' 
low*: 

**  It  la  Iwl  aeldom  I  iroaUe  yoor  lordUiipa,  but  I  coiihl  not  leel  uy- 
aelf  at  eaaa,  wrra  I  not  to  fulfil  my  duly,  in  laying  my  •entimmiu  before 
you.  I  ralber  ii>cUne  to  wbb,  that  the  threaieaed  niotiou  for  an  Io- 
■juiry  Into  the  ronduci  of  minister*,  were  not  now  niaile;  b«t  if  it 
abuuld  lie  brought  forward,  1  will  lout  decidedly  vote  for  it.  1  hava 
no  dealrw  eltlirr  to  give  ofeucr  to  bla  in^fccty'a  minbtcn,  or  to  pay 


Prou.]  SA-tS,  BARL  OP  yiPB.  G7 

eoori  to  tlxMC  wlio  oppoic  t\mm.  Nolbing  cao  Ik  more  impropi-r  at 
present,  tbao  to  debate  wlietlivr  the  war  i»  ju«l,  or  unjust  i  nrcea^ary, 
or  unneMttMry:  but  I  moot  pfMilivi-ly  declanr  onn  (hinp.  <ind  lliat  ia, 
that  no  war  vas  erer  voreo  conducted.  My  ionlt,  I  have  irad  the 
hiMory  of  ihia  rouniry  wiib  attontion;  I  havK  umi,  sbd  tirvn  Iniimnte 
wilk,  nil  ibp  difTt^rent  parties,  from  tlut  <l(!ath  of  Mr  I'rlliaio  (o  the 
pmont  boiir.  In  ihit  horrid  contnt,  our  blond  anil  ircaitun)  have 
hrrn  iporit  in  llir  rJitrAtagftnt  folly  of  tornil  cxpciliiiotia :  gricvnu*  hnd 
hravy  tnxr*  tinvc  l>rpn  Iniil  on  ibn  pcnplc,  nni)  waxttil  in  riprnnive  pm- 
IkuiIcs,  and  iiihtidiiing  proiiil,  Irtanhflrou*,  ami  uu'lm  forrifni  prioCM. 
who  irniild  hnri-  ncird  mucJi  brltPr  for  tli<!ta«rlvp3,  had  yuu  lutved  your 
moTK-y.  luiil  taken  no  coiKvrn  with  tlirm.  I  di>  nul  conttiilr  with  yon 
an  your  pmu-nl  nnfoitunnt'i  siiuntion,  iii  having  nu  fricmh.  I  only 
vrbh  yon  bad  brrn  in  (hnt  ulualion  at  the  bt-giniiing  of  the  contrM. 
Tlic  nobk  lord  who  prnides  ut  ifac  heail  of  thi'  admintlly,  ( luirl  .Sjwn' 
NY,)  in  hii  Dprrcb,  h.ii  with  much  ability  done  juitiou  to  tlir  navy :  | 
moat  Biiicrrrly  wi^h  that  our  ill-spvat  luuiit'y  bud  bi-cn  laid  out  on  oitr 
ll(-rt«.  All  tliotp,  n>y  IomU.  who  t-rcr  bnrtl  me  spratc.  or  itrir  rraid  a 
leltrr  from  in*  on  lln.-  tnltjrrt,  will  do  me  the  jutticH  to  wy,  Ibnt  my 
■mtioH'nt*  hav«  all  aUioj;  bi^pn  (be  *ame;  and  ibal  thia  hat  huiii;  upim 
Biy  mind,  from  the  day  the  first  battalion  of  the  guard*  marchnl  fi^in 
the  parade  for  Holland.  I  latuml  the  prcwnt  ocarrity  ;  hut  great  ■■ 
our  demerit*  are,  it  cornea  not  from  the  Almighty,  but  front  the  elTects 
of  this  ill^oonduetpd  war;  whlrh  I  am  rcoily  to  provr,  whenever  lhi?i 
(jueMion  b  broiighi  lorwunl.  What  harr  wn  gained  by  our  boasird 
«anqa««ta?  If  a  proprr  reguluiion  (at  commrrcc  waa  nnftde,  I  irinh 
they  were  all  *old,  and  ihc  money  ariaing  laid  oot  to  pay  the  national 
de1)t,  and  to  rtllcre  the  tuition  of  tliue  oppremire  taxea  which  brar 
ban)  on  ridi  and  poor;  on  iheir  incoanes  their  ladtiMry,  and  what  i* 
wono,  tlicir  liberty  ;  and  until  miii«  of  tlio**  we  re|iealed,  thii  nation 
eannot  be  calh^  free  I" 

Protu  lhi«  moment,  hia  lord^bip  regulai'Iy  tided  with  the  minority, 
■otU  ■  ehan;;e  ofministef*  look  place.  When  Mr  Addinffioii  caoie  in. 
be  npportnl  him,  and  alto  voted  with  the  Fox  and  Grenvitle  adminia- 
Iralhm-  By  ihi*  time,  however,  hi*  eyc^ght  began  to  bealftctediMd 
Iw^Bg  unable  to  attend  the  houie  of  peer*,  on  account  of  ihla,  or  otber 
Inlimtiilea,  with  bti  naual  ataldulty,  be  gave  hi>  proxy  to  LoH  GruD' 
Tllle. 

I'bc  earl  of  Fife  died  in  London  in  the  80th  year  of  hia  age.  In 
point  of  perMMi,  he  wai  loll,  genteel,  and  had  been  handiomr  in  the 
eartter  p*rt  of  hit  life.  Allliougb  n  grrat  e«onom»i,  he  viua  yet  fimd 
of  magniHcence,  which  be  iodutgetl  in  mprot  to  hou*e«,  aervant*,  cav- 
riagew,  an<l  honea.  But  it  n  k*  a  planter  that  llit*  nobleman  bid*  blr 
to  obtain  the  respect  of  the  preaetit  up;  and  tho  gmtiiiide  of  poatertty. 
By  a  reeurreDce  to  the  annual  volume*  of  the  'Society  for  tlw  Hocoor- 
ajfetneot  of  An*.  Alanu&ciurea,  and  Com merce,'— from  which  he  rr- 
rriivd  two.  If  not  tliree  gold  inednl*, — it  will  Iw  («en,  that  hi*  Inbount 
in  Ihi*  jMtiit  of  view  have  br  MifiMaaeil  thoto  of  any  of  hia  conlrmpo- 
nriea.  He  wu  liioMcIf  k  fr«|a«it  contributor  to  Ihc  work  in  qitcs- 
(lon.  A  long  life,  chielly  dir«>clcd  to  ihix  Rrcat  objiyrl,  enalib-d  him  a 
little  before  hi*  death  lo  have  <-oin|>ktcd  ihc  planting  of  uboul  IkUOtJ 


m 


PDUTICAL  SIRIU. 


kcrvj  IB  all,  And  M>  p«pliublc  rfiti  ibU  becoaw>  ercn  during  liia  i 
time,  ihat  tho  thjimingi  alone  loliJ  id  one  jew  for  £1000.' 


0tntral  iBtVaiUt, 


moMM  A.».  nta.—Mt»  A.O.  ISM 


(■KKiKAi.  .Mk[.vil),k  Win  ilcKciulrd  from  the.  KUIvilks  of  CwtibM 
in  I'lfe,  >  branch  of  the  ■ncirDt  •od  nobk  family  of  hii  nainr,  ol'  wtiicb 
ibc  ditef  U  liic  Borl  of  Lr*«ii  ami  Mrlvilk.  Ili«  (lorcnla  dying  wbcn 
ba  *M  Tory  youn^,  hi*  ^innlinni  pUccd  biaa  nt  tbn  gramninr-ti'haal  of 
hrvm.  n  hrrc  bf  aoon  dillinKuitlml  biitwrlf  by  a  (gulck  nnd  liTi^ly  npprr- 
Iwmtoa  united  to  a  lin^lariy  capacioua  and  n-ti'niiirc  memory.  From 
lki«  •rminary,  lib  rapid  progTVo  rnalilrd  biin  to  be  rarly  n'inoTctt  to 
llir  utiirrnitioiof  Glai|ii>iir«Dd  EdiiitMirgh,  wlwre  lie  conlinufd  to  apply 
to  hi*  kluditu  with  the  Inppicst  muccca*.  IlUfortutic  bring  IkiI  modvr* 
ate,  ke,  in  comptioncc  «illi  Ihe  couim-U  uf  bi*  friend*,  lurn«^  bii  views 
to  ibe  tludy  ol  n^dicine:  bnt  his  tfcniui  >tri>iiftly  promptiojc  biio  to  fi>l- 
low  tt  tntlitary  life,  and  tlic  aar  then  carryiiif;  ou  in  t'laiiilcrn  pre.«cntin|[ 
a  liiTMiratile  oppurlanily  lur  firaiilyins  tiii  nitiuml  lendriicio,  young 
Melville  could  not  reiisi  (be  Icnipluliuii.  Wiilivui,  llic-reAire,  llic  know- 
Icdgr  of  III*  friends,  lie  privately  willidrciv  to  London,  where  be  «•« 
Alfniabeil  villi  tliv  nccewary  mean*  nf  carrying  bia  proioct  into  eltect. 
He  accordingly  repairrii  tu  tliu  NclbetUiMb:  awl  early  in  1744  wa* 
appointed  au  euiign  in  the  S5th  rogiineni  of  foot,  ibon  forming  a  part 
u^  Ihv  allied  aniiy.  Eimga  Mrlvilb-,  al  ibii  ballla  of  Lafeldl,  contluot- 
ed  biinM-lf  in  iiich  a  way  a*  lo  merit  bring  crlectrd  by  bia  rolwiel,  tba 
earl  nf  Uotbot.  to  (IcIiTrr  lo  the  ouauBoiidcr-iD-eliier  (be  wlour*  «»f  a 
Fnocli  rtgimcflt  Uk«n  by  tbu  85(b,  on  wbicli  occoaioii  ha  mm  prooiotcd 
to  B  lirutrnoncy. 

In  1731  be  brranc  atJHte-c«mp  to  llw  carl  of  Panmure.  In  1756 
be  wu  niAdc  nujne  of  thi-  3H|ti  n-giiDv nt,  (bwi  in  Antigua,  >  licrc  i(  bad 
bt*ii  etationvd  tot  halfn-ccniuQ-.  I'bal  iiJond  bad  ollni  Wen  laada  k 
reerptocle  hr  oirndm;  and  iu  miliUry  Ibrce  had  long  been  com|NM<d 
nftlM  tnoal  dberderly  iroopa.  But  by  tbe  indefaiigablcK-alof  (be  dcv 
tn4}or,  an<l  from  (be  perfect  contiction  he  «at  able  lo  impir^t  into  (be 
ntrn  ib>t  bi-  likd  (bcir  «el&re  a(  bean,  he  at  trngih  iuccrednl  in  ren- 
dering Um  9Stb  regiment  noe  of  tb*  hmmi  orderly  in  the  Krrvie« :  d^ 
lachmentt  from  it  acoompaBievI  bim  in  tbe  nturk  oo  Marliniciue.  m  alM 
on  tbe  invMion  of  GnadalDiipc,  wbvre  Major  Mehille  conuMnilrd  tbe 
ligbl  infiiDtry.  la  rraompeiMe  for  hit  %ttvitv»  in  Uuadoloupr,  M^for 
•Mrlvillr  «aa  direcied  l>y  (be  commander  of  the  foree*,  Uenrral  Darring- 
■oD,  to  Micceed  Liitntenant'Cokmcl  DebriMy,  iti  iliv  dehnco  of  Fad 
Koyal,  wbicli  Im'  held  tinul  tbe  rrduoiiou  of  tbe  ialaodi  «bcB,  in  additioa 
(o  ibc  fi^x'rnnM'nt  <if  (bal  fori,  he  «-a>  appointed  lieateoanl-governor  o( 
Giudulunji*  oii'l  t(a  ilrpi-ndencic*,  i>t(b  (lie  lieut*'iian(-coto<i(>icy  of  tlic 
69d  ii'iiinivnL  ItrigBdMT-^ornd  CVum[i,  who  *u  luodr  govi-rnor  of 
tbe  new  ci>loiiy,  tlyiug  in  17ttO,  I.iciiiriuot -colonel  .MrUille  iiicrrvdrd 
tti  tbe  govemntnl*  witb  Um-  eonimand  of  (be  troopi.     In  tbe  beginiuBg 


AUUf^  fiwm-Umthtj  lfac>ria«.- 


4 


AsMV.] 


GBMKKAL  MIlVIl!.*- 


69 


or  1763,  Colonri  Melville  coniniuidMl  a  dU-uiun  in  the  nttark  aniitt 
Gmoral  Monktoti,  on  Miiriiiiiqiie ;  audi  noturitlHtandiag  Kveri?  illncM, 
«a*  prewnt  in  the  niMicMsful  anuinU  of  Ibr  hill  ftnd  bMltcry  of  TortiMiHon. 
On  tbc  full  of  Mutliniqur,  ihr  rcmaitiiii^  Frcncli  iaIaitiU,  St  Lucia,  St 
Vinconi)  Grciiaila.  ibr  (irvMuliiM-s,  nnd  Tohitgo,  lubniiltHl  to  a  suin* 
Biona,  OD  cDtidilioii*  «iunlly  libi-Tal  wilh  IUom:  gnDtvil  to  M<irliiji)[uv. 

Tho  con<|Uti»t  ot  the  French  biind*,  ibc  gn-at  otijuct  of  Cvlonct  Mvl- 
vitlea  aniieiy,  being  now  accoinplialii'd,  bu  rciwirvil  to  EiigUiiO,  nitvra 
be  found  hl>  NcrvicM  oiid  gcnrrol  conduct  bijilil}-  approved.  Such  wot 
IIm  imprcisioa  made  oa  tliv  niiixli  of  luiciistvn,  by  hi*  ouiiduul  in  lh« 
^\'(st  lndirs,  that,  in  addition  to  th«  nuk  of  brigudkr-gvaunl  to  17Q3, 
kc  wiw,  npaa  llic  rvcomnx-iKUltoii  of  Lurd  Egri;UM>nt,  )q>jioiiilcd  by  h]» 
ntajeily,  ou  llio  !)th  »r  Aprii,  1764,  tu  the  arduwui  uud  importoiiJl  »iiaa- 
lion,  uf  captain -gun  era),  uiid  gunTniur-in-cliivf  of  all  Ibe  ittanda  in  (he 
Vi'mt  Iiidii-s,  cdk-d  by  Fraiioc  to  Uriiuiti,  by  the  treaty  of  17G3|  vii. 
Grenada,  thm  Grenadine*,  Domiuico.  St  Viiiwat,  and  Tobago :  to  tills 
■ppointnenl  vai  added  tliat  of  cunmaader  of  the  forot*  in  (hoM)  coloaie*. 

In  the  auliunu  of  Ir&l.  Gcncrul  Melvil]«  prucced<.'d  li>  hid  eUlioOt 
canrjiog  out  l«o  Urge  viorc-ahijw,  wilb  arlicica  ui-ceMury  for  fixed  wt- 
llenenit  in  Wett  India  blnnd^  Tubsgo  was,  at  tliiti  period,  dcbtitule 
of  inhabitnnii,  and  idmott  totally  cvvvred  with  vood:  thither,  thrrvfbre, 
be  lint  rrpaiiTil  fiont  Bnrbailors  with  tlie  *lon»,  anil  a  few  coloniita 
ffOiu  tiiat  iilanil.  an<l  nnployrd  bia  Klay  in  preparing  mroxurM  for  tha 
projccttd  M-tlkiDcnt  of  the  colony.  Hi*  nrat  ol^ect  wa*  to  na>labliib 
BritUb  BOfcrnmcnt  in  all  tbc  islanili  under  hit  juiinJictiao,  wilh  li-gi»- 
latuna  furmed  on  principle*  aintilar  to  tbiMc  of  tlic  neiglibouriog  Iti-i- 
tiah  colonin.  During  ttte  wholes  ofltis  gov«mai*'iil,  whivb  laatcd  about 
tawa  yc«re,  G«'nrral  Alcliillu  only  once  quilled  lii>  pout,  and  Uiat  «u 
in  171X1,  wli«n  be  rotnmtd  to  England,  on  buaiiiou  of  Ih«  higheat  iiit- 
parlance  to  tlw  tccutiiy  uid  proaperity  of  tlia  colonies  intrutled  to  bis 
care.  It  is  bot  Ju»^c*  to  add,  that  itllhough  General  Mi-Uille's  salary 
fr«ni  hotne,  b*  governor  of  so  many  i;'Unds,  hnrdly  rxoeedcd  £1000 
per  onnuin.  yet  be  not  only  refiucd  to  accept  of  the  luaai  wlarifs  from 
each  wlony,  but  gave  up  nuny  utficial  fo^  wlwrv  be  conceivod  such 
a  slep  might  leml  to  tlieadvantsgn  uf  the  nrv  colon iii*.  Tbc  duties  of 
a  major-general  throughout  ihc  aoveral  i»Unds  under  his  command  bo 
•bo  pnaMually  ilitcharged,  uithout  any  allowaiHw  or  charge  whoicver 
on  Uic  public  on  lluit  aecount. 

To  preient  sune  kba  uf  the  fpirit  by  which  Genera]  Mclvilla  wo* 
Actuated  in  hi*  Mtintnlstntion  of  alliiir*,  civil  and  niiliinry,  in  Gaudo- 
lovpc^  and  its  depmdcnt  iilantis,  the  tallowing  anccdolc  may  mlBcei 
By  the  oapiluUtion,  tlie  French  royal  council  bud  boi-n  prvservad  in 
thi'  full  exercise  of  all  iu  functions  and  privilrgca,  and  tlic  Fteiicb 
law's,  civil  and  cniiiiiial,  remained  in  tlieir  origiool  force :  tlie  gov- 
ernor, iilio  was,  M-  t^eio,  president  of  lb«  council,  was  the  on^ 
Ikitisb  subject  in  Dial  boily.  At  a  meeting  of  tJi«  eouncila  in  ibe  oapl- 
Ul  of  tbe  blnnd  In  17tfU,  whde  General  Mrlvilleww  snted  at  the  litwl 
of  the  MMUicll-Ubk-.  the  crown-laayt  rs  conduuiiiig  tJie  basioeas  of  (lie 
day,  the  gotvruor'a  vars  were  atsailtnl  by  a  liorrid  shriek  piuceedin^ 
from  0X1  inclosed  area  under  n  wtnJuw  of  tJie  council- cliwuber.  Spring- 
ing insiinciiii'ly  from  hi*  m-di  to  ibe  window,  lia  beheld  a  miiwnkbla 
wntcb  fast  bound  lo  a  poal  lived  upright  in  the  ground,  wilb  one  leg 


I 


M 


POLITKAL  SRRin. 


[N» 


u 


tiRiincil  riolfntly  bock  lowanLi  tli«  tliiph,  by  mcaii*  of  n  strong  iron- 
hmifi,  inclnaing  both  ihr  Icfi  and  Ui«  Iliigli  at  •ome  dtttancc  above  and 
brlnv  (he  knee.  Wiihiti  ihia  hoojs  akmg  iIm-  front  of  tli»  !«(;,  ««i  as 
iron  wrdgi-  drircn  in  by  an  exMrutioner,  armed  wttli  a  tUdf(v  hamiuer- 
Nrar  ibc  sufferrr  tat  u(  a  •mall  isbie  a  p«r*ofi  liabiiMl  like  a  jndge  or 
RiaxiMntic,  and  a  M>rrHary  with  paper  before  him,  to  nurk  down  the 
ilnclaralioni  10  bo  untuned  from  ihe  criminal  Jo  agony.  l^il«d  wilb 
luimir  at  thi*  algbti  and  n^rdleaa  alike  of  Ihf  B<4Pflibly  around  bin, 
anil  of  i-oaM*)itenec*  to  lilinse[r,  the  gmvral,  throwing  open  the  window, 
ordcnril  a  Mrjieani  in  attendance  to  ru*li  forward,  (o  prevent  a  repetition 
of  the  Blrokv  on  ili«  iron  wedge,  and  to  rcEt-a«e  the  wrrteh  from  In*  tor- 
ture. Wliik-  ihii  was  ^oiii;-  forward,  tlie  member*  of  tlie  council  had 
aurroundrd  the  f-uvenior  ai  the  window,  while  the  attorney -generxl  of 
the  colony  retpcctrully  refDooainied  l^>B*t  lhi»  inlerruptmn  of  the 
coune  of  justicvi  •tyllni;  it  an  lofrMtioo  of  their  rapilulaiion,  whicb  in 
every  other  jKiint  and  tide,  be  acknowledged,  had  been  mocl  religtonsly 
(nlfillMl  by  (lie  governor.  To  (he«e  repretentattona.  General  Meiville 
answered  iliai  be  Itad  alw«ya  bMD  nio*t  lolicilnos  to  merit  tke  good 
opinhMi  of  ilie  colony  by  a  MoMienttoti*  diKhnrge  of  hb  ilutie* :  but 
that  neither  by  bb  natural  ft«lin^,  nor  by  hi*  eduntion  nit  ■  llritoo, 
could  he  be  rtconnled  to  the  practice  of  toitore.  Me  concluiU''!  by 
•olemnlj  derlaring,  (hat  whellier  torture  wen>,  or  were  not,  anthoriud 
by  the  Kmieh  law*,— ^uch  a  practice,  where  be  commanded,  he  never 
irould  endure.  All  the  nieaiber*  of  ihe  council  dined  that  day  wiili  the 
governor;  and  althoagb  the  otject  oflii*  ctemmcy  ww  reported  to  have 
been  aingolarly  vnilnerving,  wer«  Mcrelly  well-pleiutrd  with  llie  orrar- 
Rocci  the  only  effect  produeed  by  it  on  the  rainda  of  the  inbalritairta 
«t  brgc  of  Ouadaioupe,  and  the  Mlier  French  Uindi,  was  to  Incrcaae 
the  popularity  of  their  Brliiab  opiBwiwIer,  who^  while  he  raoMhtod  ta 
llni  VVe»t  Indie*,  never  heOfd  thM  roooune  «u  again  bad  to  lorlinvk  in 
judicial  proccrding*,  eitlier  In  Guadaloupci  alWr  il»  rutoratlon  to  l?r»ne*\ 
or  In  any  oibcr  French  cotoay, 

Hsvlpg  finally  cIomiI  his  rrlation*  with  the  \Ve«t  Iniiic*,  a*  ■  govor- 
nor  ud  Goinmainler-in-chicf  of  the  feree*,  with  coiirv  •ati*betinn  to  all 
COn«ern«l  U  booM  and  abtna<l,  (iener«1  Melville  srixcd  the  rariimt  <ip- 
portnaity  of  tuning  hi*  aurniioo  to  what  bad  always  bct-n  his  favonriti- 
*tudy. — military  hixnry  and  aultquilie*.  H*  bad  alrmly  viiitnl  I'arii'. 
Spa.Ac.  but  th<'  yrun  1771.  1776,  and  1776,  be  devoted  to  «  loiir 
IIiniuKh  Frnnrc.  Swiirrriand,  Italy,  tierniany,  the  Low  Cowntrio^  Ac. 
duno];  wlilcb,  boKlo  the  object*  of  the  bne  an*,  in  which  be  |wati  m  it 
■  very  ilelicaie  laate,  with  great  *en*ibdiiy  of  their  bcaatiM  and  defeM*. 
he  emBined  the  *c«nM of  lh«  mot  menwrable  Uilile*.  aicfiea,  and  other 
iHUttafy  exploit*  raeonSed  in  ancient  or  modem  hiaiury,  IW>m  tl>e  Pun- 
lua  Ictiua  of  Cnar,  on  the  matgin  of  the  Engli*h  Cliannel,  iu  die  Can- 
lue  of  Mybiu*.  on  the  rraiote  tliorr*  of  the  Adriatic ;  and  trom  the 
Arid*  of  RnBtliin,  to  tho*o  of  UHliagcn  and  Dlenhetin.  With  PolyUa* 
md  Cwar  IB  hb  baml,  uid  rrfcrring  to  lli«  man  aaihtiillc  narratioaa 
of  uodrm  warlhrr,  he  tractd  upon  the  gtonml  the  potitkm*  and  ofier»> 
tlon*  of  ihe  miMt  di*liag«i*betl  ceiDaMndrrs  of  varioiia  period*,  noting 
wban  their  Jadgneni,  (kill,  mni  |>reH-nce  of  mind,  were  the  niO*l  ce»- 
•lilniaua,  and  Iwwurinp  u|i  for  futun-  urc  tha  evidence*  of  tite  miatnkw 
auti  crron.  Ihm  which  the  mott  ■aiineni  wcra  not  i-xmiitFiI.     Rrlytng 


PtKinn.] 


SIB  JOIISI  MOORS. 


91 


on  tlio  aolhority  of  EVilybiui,  lie  iricml  tli«  route  to  Italy  pureucci  by 
Ilannibttl,  Iroin  the  point  whcro  probably  be  croncd  the  Khon«  in  t)i<-* 
neighbourhood  of  Itoqucmnurc,  up  the  if^ft  bank  of  that  river,  nearly 
:n  Vimiic,  Rcrxiu  Dnuphtnc.  to  the  cntnu>ce  of  ihr  tnonniaio*  aI  Les 
Ivnhrlln,  nlon^-  the  tbIc  to  ChnmlM-rry,  up  thr  banki  of  the  Iseiv,  by 
C'onSonti  and  \Iouitirr,  ovrr  iho  gorgr  ofthn  Alpt.  calird  th<!  I.illlc  t>t 
Ilpmitrd.  aiKl  down  tliiiir  <!ii>l(-rti  ^Injio  by  A<Mli,  niiil  Ivm,  to  the  pUJns 
of  I'itstiiKHil,  in  llie  npighboiirliond  of  I'urin.  Military  and  4iDtw|>Uiriiiii 
mtrurrh"  werp.  ho<rc«'r,  far  from  cxclusivdy  occupying  tfao  Active 
tuiiid  of  (ii-iirml  .Mrlvillc.  It  b  mit  prHmp*  grnrralty  known,  that  the 
Itoyal  Botaiiir'  gartii-n  in  tli<!  iilniiJ  of  St  Viiicrrnt,  now  in  ridily  vtorrd 
tritli  the  mntt  ii.trful  and  ornamental  vrg<:tahl[!  prod  u  el  ion*,  wax  origin- 
ally projected.  eiUibliahrd,  nod  nupporlcd.  by  (ieiieral  .Melville  during 
his  pivernment.  at  faii  own  cxpcair  and  riik.  Ilr  wa*  a  leilow  of  the 
Ruyal  nnd  Anlii|uBrian  soc.iclica  of  I^>ndon  and  Edinburgh,  by  the  uni- 
vcnity  of  whi<-h  Litt  city  \w.  wa*  honoured  with  the  decree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws,  tic  wai  alio  an  lioiMinkry  meniber  of  llie  honnl  of  Agricullur«, 
aod  an  active  ruiMnbrr  of  ibc  Society  in  London  for  the  CDCOura)(eairnl 
of  Art«,  Manufuclurc*.  and  Commerce,  Allhouifh  be  never  had  a  regi* 
■MMi  a  boue^remntent.  or  any  other  luitilary  emolument  whatever, 
duet  h«  ({uttteil  ll>«  W«st  Indie*,  he  was  at  the  time  of  lii*  di-u(li.  which 
occornrd  on  the  V9tb  of  Aitguil.  1809,  a  full  f:rnen>l:  baring  bei^o  ele- 
vated 10  that  rank  in  October,  1789.  During  the  latter  paft  of  hia  life, 
he  was  afflicted  with  bliodoeaii  a  mtsfortuuc  which  be  reuiulcly  allri- 
bul'-d  to  bt>  hariug  be«ii  aerrrHy  injured  by  the  eiplotion  at  a  hou)« 
w  bile  be  coroiiiandMl  Ike  admiced  poau  at  Gitadalou|>e.' 


;^r  3of)n  ^oorr. 


•oan  a.  D.  1761. — dieOjmd.  l(W9l 


Gkvkbal  Sin  JutiM  MooBi  wat  a  nniiii'  of  Scotlaud.  Hm  ((rand- 
IkUier.  CbarliM  Moore,  wa*  ouc  of  the  two  elerfcyiiteo  of  tlie  (*tAbli*li«l 
chureh  in  Sllrlitigi  bi*  filher.  Ur  John  .Muore.  was  bred  a  pliynioiM. 
but  is  chk-lljr  kBDwa  lo  Uie  wodd  n«  a  man  of  Icitei*,  and  lin;  awtlior 
of  ■  Zelaco.' 

Tlie  aubjeet  of  Ibl*  memoir  «**  burn  oatbo  I9tb  of  NovMobcr,  1761, 
at  tilaagow,  wliere  be  received  the  rudiineiiia  of  Itamuif;-  Hu  eduea- 
lion  w«t  cwn]il(1«<l  on  the  cnntineiil,  whilber,  in  1773,  be  acconi|)unicd 
hi*  htlHT.  then  in  ibe  duke  of  Hamilton'*  auite  as  mettleal  attendant. 
He  enlrred  the  army,  a»  enaign  of  the  (i(ty-lir»t  foo4,  in  1776;  fiuoii 
aRcrwarda.  h«  accomiHuiied  the  ^id  regimeat,  n*  lietitonanl,  lo  N'ova 
Scotia;  wherv  h«  wiw  poatrd  throughout  liit-  remainder  of  the  Aim'rieao 
war.  aoil  nw  acafcHy  any  active  f«rvice.  except  diiriog  an  i-ifii-dltii>ii 
lu  oppose  the  landiog  of  tlie  cnctny  at  Ponob*cot.  at  which  place  hi» 
party  narrowly  rM-apetl  being  cut  otf  by  a  superior  foree.  After  poM- 
int;  lfan)U|;h  all  the  inleraie<liatc  gradatiow  in  dae  order,  be  became 
lieuleuant-coluncl  of  the  4(Hh  :  be  afterword*  obtained  a  cotonclcyt  and 
TOM  lo  tlie  rank  of  major-genefaJ  In  1798. 
'  AIrU(>H  Tron  Hemvir  I7  the  |Mmi]'*  lenvlar}  in  ibe  ■  UniiDil)'  Uigadoa  *  fui 


78  POLITICAL  Mlin.  [Ni 

It  WM  in  tb«  McditcmuiMD  that  Moore,  wbile  ■  Keateiiaat-cataiiel, 
had  6r«t  the  mevu  of  dUtingnMfaiag  himtelf.  After  kaving  Mrred  at 
Toulon,  be  wm  lelected  by  Admiral  Lord  Hood,  to  aeconpanjr  Major 
Kochler  on  a  lecret  and  confidential  missioD  to  Conica.  Tbat  coe»- 
mander,  who  bad  obtained  pocMSiion  of  one  of  tbe  two  f^nd  araenab 
of  France,  finding  it  no  longer  tenable  agaiott  tbe  repobliean  armiea, 
determined,  if  poMible,  to  annei  Ibia  island  to  tbe  emwn  of  England; 
but  an  it  w«s  fint  neceMarj-  to  ascertain  the  practicability  of  tbe  •cheme, 
tbeee  two  oflicen  were  cbosen  to  confer  with  tbe  celebrated  Pavqaata 
I^li>  A  fleet  sailed  from  the  Hierei  blands,  on  the  24ih  of  January, 
1795,  and  a  body  of  land-forces  was  disembarked  soon  after,  in  Coriica, 
Dnder  Lien  tenant-general  Dundas.  In  the  coune  of  a  few  da>-s.  Lieu- 
tenaot- colonel  Moore  was  despatched  to  seize  on  the  town  tX  Foraelli ; 
bat,  notwithstanding  his  movement  was  sodden,  and  although  his  men 
bad  dragged  a  howitzer  and  a  six-pounder  through  a  moontainou*  coun- 
try, wh«re  artillery  bad  nerer  before  trarelled,  yet  the  place  was  found 
too  strong  to  be  carried  by  a  eoup-de-wtatM.  Nothing  disnayed  by 
this,  by  means  of  a  body  of  seamen  from  the  nary,  be  was  enabled  ta 
GWTy  four  eighteen-poanden,  one  large  howitzer,  and  a  ten-inch  mat' 
tar,  to  an  eminence  seren  hundred  feet  aboTe  tbe  level  of  the  aea.  This 
Herculean  labour  being  achieved,  be  was  soon  in  a  condition  to  en- 
filade the  b^erie*,  and  render  all  the  works  raised  by  the  French  nn- 
leoabte.  Finding,  however,  the  officer  who  commanded  obstinately 
bent  on  retaining  the  place,  he  made  an  assault  on  tbe  redoubts,  whi^ 
he  carried  during  the  evening  of  February  the  I7lh. 

His  conduct  at  Calvi  was  no  lesa  gallant,  for  be  marched  against  one 
of  the  strongest  of  the  forti  that  covered  this  city,  and  with  a  body  of 
troop  with  unloaded  muskets  stormed  and  took  possession  of  tbe  ram- 
parU,  under  a  screre  dwcbarge  of  musketry  and  grape-shoU  Although 
severely  wounded  in  the  head,  he  entered  the  enemy's  works  in  com- 
pany with  the  grenadiers  whom  he  led. 

Dr  Moore  lived  long  enough  to  witness  and  to  celebrate  the  gallant 
■ehieremenrs  snd  growing  fame  of  bis  son.  Accordingly,  in  hu  '  Mor- 
daunt,  or  Sketches  of  Life  and  Manners  in  various  Countries,'  pub- 
lished in  1600,  he  notices  both  of  these  actions ;  but  «e  shall  oolj 
quote  what  he  says  respecting  the  attack  that  produced  the  surrender 
of  Calvi. 

"  Tbe  same  officer,  who  bad  carried  the  Convention  Fort,  was  riHwen 
also  to  conduct  tbe  storm  of  Calvi.  Day-break  vras  judged  the  proper 
lime  for  nuking  the  attempt.  The  French  at  tbia  period  seem  to  have 
made  II  a  rule  to  stand  an  assault,  T«lber  than  capitulate,  even  after  ■ 
prseticable  broach  was  made.  They  expected  to  repel  the  aasailaata 
on  tbe  present  occasion,  by  throwing  grenades  from  tbe  parapet  neamt 
the  breach,  as  well  as  by  tbe  fire  of  the  garrison.  Tbe  officer  who  waa 
to  conduct  the  assault  posted  his  troopa  at  midnight,  amoitg  tbe  myrtl»- 
bushea  with  which  the  rocks  among  Calvi  are  covered,  and  as  near  tha 
breach  as  possible,  without  being  heard  by  the  enemy.  That  tbero 
might  be  no  risk  of  alarming  them  by  accidental  firing,  he  had  ordered 
tbe  soldiera  not  to  load,  having  previously  convinced  them  ^t  ih« 
point  would  be  best  effeeled  by  tbe  bayonet.  A  little  before  day-break 
the  commander-in-chief  arrived  with  tbe  officers  of  \m  suite,  and  bad 
the  satisfaction  to  find  tbat  the  garrison  bad  not  been  alarnted  at  tfaal 


PnivD.) 


■IX  JOHN  MOOKB. 


r)a]irt«r.  FoUc  adiick*  hid  I«»n  mwlc  rl»e«l»rr«  h>  dl*iMt  th*ir  ■llrn- 
lion.  Aflw  ■  short  mnrrnnlion  brtwrrti  the  gMirnl  kiid  ihr  olticr 
vbn«kt  to  Irad  ihe  ftHanlt  ibcsignal  wiui  givm.  The  troaps  aiiiancvd 
with  ■  rajtiil  >4rp  to  Ibc  bri'ticb,  nad  Ihvy  wcrn  ballVny  bitrorc  Ihry 
w«rn  atMrrvdd  hy  the  enemy.  A  ndley  of  f[nipt?>>hul  km  fired  from 
■lie  rampactx.  I'hc  dnbioai  liftbt  bcfbre  dny*break  made  the  cnonon* 
n^rs  Uie  a  b\fC  aim ;  tbe  shM  Hew  ovi-r  tliv  iM-adi  of  Uie  advancing 
IMTty.  and  mme  of  ih*  f^i^nl'a  HtivniluNU  wi-ra  woundnl.  In  a  ahojt 
liuK?  llw  ifronadiori  iicre  dMcrrFtI  scrambling  up  i)h>  rukbiiti,  wbilc 
many  f^oadai  uid  ilicll*  w#ra  thron  n  fhHu  ibi-  pamp<-l  on  ibe  aai^U 
aiilK,  who,  poablng  patt  (li«ir  wounded  and  dyiii^  frirnds,  eontiniKd 
Acir  ooitne  lo  tli«  bmofa.  Those  of  die  eoeoiy  who  were  not  kilted 
or  Mkefi  priiooera  fled  Lalo  tbt  tovit.  Wli«n  (be  )^neral  (lercvivcd  the 
gwnadiera  HaendiDg  he  put  «pura  to  bia  bone  aixl  rode  to  tbo  liolloni 
of  Um  hill  on  which  tli«  fort  *tood,  and,  quilting  bn>  horM,  mounted 
din-clly  to  (Im-  brrnch.  Finding  tho  troopa  In  pnn*«a>ii>ii  of  ll>r  places 
bn  fli?»  into  lliT^  ntin*  of  tbr  otHrrr  who  hul  !<'<!  Ibr  mmiult.  'I'hc  lur- 
nunditig  oHicpni  ibrnilrd,  and  threw  thvir  hat*  inln  lii«  njr  for  joy. 
Tha  mouc^it  wa«  wonh  yran  of  oommon  hit:  It  don  not  fliU  to  tho 
•liafv  of  iDony  officers,  cvtn  during  a  pretty  Iohr  military  camrr,  to 
vonduct  ail  oiaault,  or  e*rn  lo  unut  in  taking  a  furtriwi  l>y  ilorffl.  Stick 
dangenHif  ■vrvices  icldom  occurred  furmerly,  a«  the  gairiion  generally 
eapilulaifMl  uftur  a  breach  wa*  made,  ll  liai  been  Ibe  lal«  ef  ibi*  oft* 
ccr,  altbougfa  a  young  man.  lo  conducl  Iwo,  and  lo  be  uirveMful  in 
bodi.  Tbi!  oMwt  effectual  mpaanrra  wnrv  iitimc^l lately  taken  for  Mtab' 
Ibhirtg  Iba  Iroopa  in  the  worka  thry  had  >i>  braTrly  rnrried,  ibe  cannon 
of  wbicb  «cre  turne*)  again*!  ibe  lowii  of  C*lvl,  wbich  the  worka  com- 
nuaded,  and  whicb  capiiulaliHl  noon  after." 

At  the  «-nd  of  a  short  (leriod  the  whole  itiand  of  Corsica  aubmitli^ 
Ui  the  Britith  ami*,  and  a  gviM-ral  nmtutla,  miMitting  of  di-pulina 
ahoWB  by  the  diffemit  dialricis,  bnritig  aaieniUi'd  al  Corte,  (he  capilat, 
holi  jNvaided  a*  praatdtrnl.  Ilie  Hni  bu«ine»a  ngitaied  wa^  ihir  iiiiiuii 
af  Comica  lo  the  Mmrn  of  Ivnglandi  which  accordingly  took  piMWi 
and,  had  prudent  meoourea  brtii  adofiied,  ll  i*  niH  al  oil  unlikely  (hat 
the  tubabUanU  miglit  bavo  btvn  concilialod,  and  all  ellorU  0<i  llic  pail 
of  the  enemy  najtwed  inefftriual.  I.icat»nant-«<>loiM-l  Mimi-r-  «!« 
immoilialaly  appodnlatl  adjitlant-gmOTitl ;  but  h^,  aa  well  aa  I'aoli.  e|>- 
pMr*  lo  htm  pwa  ncnbrag*  lo  Sir  Gilbert  KlUol,  wlio  took  mca-ium 
(or  (bn  rtfara  of  thv  ■ulij<«t  of  Iho  prr«*fil  DUNiuir,  who,  on  (bit  ocxa- 
aion.  ■■  aUadod  to  by  bl*  own  btlirr  in  (he  bllowii^  alioK  <|ii«(nlioi> : 
"  Mifthty  nd'pmi'd  by  liia  hrulbct'Hjfticcr*,  brlovrd  by  hi*  Mhlirrr,  niMl 
ctijoying  the  ronliilrncc  iif  llut  grorrnl  Ofbu  bad  lucciopdad  in  (be  mili- 
lary  cwaoMBd.  ha  hod  tbo  iniibrlune  not  to  ptr.o*c  the  ticrltiy.  in  con* 
aecgiMDcs  of  a  repreaenution  from  whom,  to  thn  lurpritc  of  rvrry  body, 
aad  of  MNM  mora  llian  ilia  oaramander  of  tbr  troops,  be  ira*  n-oallctl 
Ann  hia  cUnaiioH  in  Corairn.  Tliii  amnpil  (bn  ntocc  i-Kranrdinaiy, 
a«<  indepcadenl  of  the  coo)  iniTepKli(y,  mal  tor  the  arrvicc.  and  llw 
pafiaaiunal  (alenU  be  hiMl  ao  cminvDily  dbplayud :  he  i*  of  ii  aiodnW 
ittnHumtng  rhanietcr,  humane,  uf  sntupuloos  integrity.  ini-apaMs  of 
•dulMlan,  and  more  uilifiiuus  lu  dtrsi-rre  Oiaii  to  ren-in-  praiH-.  To 
the  Cor^c«n*.  who  liavr  a  high  aifininilion  of  mililnry  loti-nt*,  and  aiVi 
periiapa,  not  auch  good  judgn  of  iboM-  uf  a  pulitician,   ihia  rnnurol 

VII.  a 


VI 


POLITICAL  liaiF4. 


•  «'in«il  jircaliuHy  iui-tplicatile ;  bocauw  ihtf  bad  lircn  wilurVK^  to 
tltc  aucccwrul  eunkxis  of  llir  oiEKr,  aad  «WIV  unaUIr  bi  rampri'lipotl 
the  mrriu  of  ih«  pL-noii  at  wLmo  rvqnMt  hv  wax  mtallmL  Itii*  rr- 
mnval,  bowei'rr,  tliiMi;^  iniended  a*  a  Bu*ft>naat  to  tite  nfltccr,  turned 
iitit  tn  bin  advuita(><.  The  cofniDsnder-in-chirf  of  tbo  BrJliih  foroaa, 
whow  heart  •yuipatbUcs  with  Tstoor  and  intrgriiy,  *oon  pbecd  him  ■■ 
•ituniiims  of  th«  gr««te*t  trvat,  from  rvety  one  af  which  Uic  Munr  in- 
trrpidtiv  of  moducl,  and  ztaI  in  Ihc  MTvicc  of  hii  eouiilry,  which  b« 
<ii>play4-d  in  Con>in,  gave  ihr  Fnrnch  directory  mbsinntinl  rrtwon*  tor 
wuliitij>  that  h«  might  ba  r«caIlriL  When  oae  important  conqoiat,  in 
oiiidi  he  iiad  a  conNd«nb1«  abart!,  wai  dclaili-d  in  tbi?  gaxrttr,  tbe 
nOM  booourable  mcolion  wa«  made  cS  thi*  odker  \iy  th«  cipcricaeMl 
md  judicious  gcDoral  vhn  commandcil  on  that  espMlitioa.  Tlie  iiliole 
anid^  piiblUli«<i  in  ibc  i^Rtlon  Gii»'lti-.  relative  to  Ihia  caiMiMeatt  waa 
lr«iwb(«]  iota  Ilatian,  and  appvui-d  in  a  f^azi-ttc  publi>b«d  at  Conica. 
under  the  Rdthority  of  liic  vdcvroy,  cucvpt  tb«  paragraph  rrganliag  the 
ifliitvr  now  in  rjuf^tton.*' 

Od  hie  Klum  &om  llw  McditErrauein  the  cx>adjutuiit  K^ncral,  who, 
til  1793,  bad  been  promoted  to  lliv  rank  or  cu(uui-l  ni  tlu-  army,  and 
wa«  at  tha  lame  tinic  lieulLtiaiit-coIoDFl  of  the  jlnl,  ibi-o  comtnaMtMl 
by  hi*  eauntrjrman,  llic  nirl  of  Egliuloun,  was  >i.iil  tu  ihi-  \\'»i  Indira. 
Tka  arm)-,  whicli  waa  under  tbe  otdMv  of  Litiiirnanl-g»i(i«I  Sir  Kolpb 
Abarcromb;,  arrived  at  Barhado««  in  Januarv,  1796,  and  aa  do  time 
ita*  to  be  LcMt,  in  a  dimaie  of  tbi»  kind — vbich  uilhiti  the  apace  of 
lliTce  years  had  devoured  ibe  givater  part  of  54,000  mra— operationt 
wcrir  iniu>ediai(-ly  comawDMxI.  Accordiaglir,  tfier  the  captHrc  of  the 
Dutch  eohxiies.  Colonel  Moore,  who  now  lunred  mtb  ibc  loed  rank 
of  brigadkr-gvoeral,  was  employed  in  the  reduciioa  of  tlic  Frmcb  bhtid 
«f  St  Lticin.  Thii  rani|itti^ii,  like  the  preceding  ooo,  ptesrntcd  a  now 
ofiportnnity  («>rdiiliti|;uiibin);  himMlf,'— 4lie  furtified  eminence  of  Moma 
Cfaabot  bavin);  been  seized  (luriqg  %  night  attack,  and  Momc  Uucbi^ 
■ans  taken  by  him.  alUr  the  completion  of  two  parallel*.  The  ialand 
being  tubdiicd  Moore  waa  appoJDlcd  ita  gorcnior.  and  lucoerded  fat 
putting  dtiwii  several  bands  of  armed  aegraes,  wliieb,  nfter  the  aur- 
nrfider.  bad  k«pl  up  a  kind  ofgoerilUwarliirw.  SennU  oSiocrs  havinR 
died,  or  beeoinr  diuUiil  \ij  aickiMea,  and  many  otben  li«*iag  obtained 
Irave  of  abaenee  (O  piocarv  a  ehangr  nf  air,  Ihere  remained  tcaroeljr 
rnmigb  to  do  lb*  dHtjr  of  Ihc  gvrisoo :  Mooie  waa  cua>«|urntly  obliged 
Ui  i«ue  ordrn  that  no  one.  except  in  ilir  lost  ntxtmttf,  aboulO  tjuit  tbe 
l^and.  Shortly  aDertrarda  he  was  attacked  with  the  yelhm  (ever,  and 
urn  being  told  that  If  bt  did  not  go  on  board  ship  hia  li£e  would  be  in 
dan^r,  be  referred  tbe  medical  men  who  attended  him  to  bis  own  or- 
ders, aivd  italnl  tbnt  be  wa*  resolvnl  at  all  haiarda  lo  reOMia  al  U>  pMit 
nor  COeU  they,  unlil  Iw  bad  becoma  insenaible,  carry  (he  mCMniVh  00 
neoMMuy  for  hia  aalety.  into  cffeet.  Being  attacked  a  mmomI  liao  with 
the  flrtvr.  he  relumed  to  England,  in  the  aummer  of  1707,  with  Sir 
Kalph  Abereroniby,  under  whom  be  aoon  afUrwnrd*  srrrod  in  Ireland; 
where  he  aaaiated  against  the  rebels  at  New  Kom,  defeated  (hen 
Wraford,  and  obtained  Ike  rank  of  major-generoL 

Sir  Kalpb  Aberenunby,  daring  tlir  eipeililion  lo  Holland,  tob 
■be  rvdartjon  nf  Ibi-  Holder  lo  hi*  ebarge.       llie  object  of  this  expodi* 
tion  wa*  entirely  ftusiratad,  in  ciOBacqiienoc  of  eeenu  aln-ody  detailedi 


ireMaa; 
Dtniatlff 


PnuD.) 


SIR  JOnV  UOORB. 


but  relative  to  which  tl>c  nibjecl  of  this  mcuMir  wan  ill  no  rMpect 
bJunieable'. 

CaHy  in  1800  be  wu  ■rni,  ctili  under  ilin  cfHainaiid  of  hta  friend 
■AbcTcromb^,  to  Kgypt-  I'bc  Frrnch  atucli«l  tbu  linl  divi»ioii  of  the 
troops  tliat  landed,  with  frrM  coui^e  nnil  Hfuct :  tlieir  po»ili«D  ou  a 
CominuiidiRg  rmlnciicc  wna  odininilile ;  but  no  looner  bad  bis  boat  ap- 
proochrd  Ibr  land  ibaii  ibo  major* fcciieral  l<«p«d  oa  tibon?,  and,  placaag 
himself  at  the  buod  of  bis  bcif^v,  nmbed  up  tbe  Torltfied  entiiieiice,  tn 
hi*  tmial  roaniicT,  niib  th«  buyouirt  Such  intrepidtly  proved  irresis- 
libte :  fi)r  tliv  Fnncb  retired  tumrda  Aleuudrla,  aitd  Moore,  nevt  day. 
nccivisj  ibir  ibank*  of  tb«  coinniaitder-tii-uhief.  Id  (he  subiequeut 
aiutioo  of  till-  dill  v(  Marcb,  duriiif;  which  ihfi  British  troop«  were  at- 
tacluMj  with  great  iuiprluosity,  and  the  cooiiuaiider-iii-eliief  killed, 
Uajot^general  Mooiu  diaiiuguubcd  himself  agaiui  while  leading  on  the 
nteroe,  againU  wbicb  Ibt-  principal  aUach  of  the  enemy  was  directed. 
According  to  tb«  oiBcial  Uriter  of  Liemeiiaiil-geueral  (luiebiaioo,  the 
troofw  oOoiRiaiided  by  him  "conducted  Ibt'iiitwlves  with  unexampled 
^riti  ratstcd  the  impetiioiiity  of  the  tVeiich  infantry,  and  repulsed 
•ennl  charges  of  covalrj-.  Mojor-grnvral  Afooiv,"  adds  he,  "wa* 
wounded  at  tbatr  bMd,  thoagh  not  dai^crau*ly.  I  irgrrt,  howrver, 
thr  tciapataxy  absancc  from  tbp  army  of  tlii*  bi^hiy  vnluaUv  and  n>rri- 
toriuun  officer,  wbostt  counsel  Olid  co-o|wralian  uuutd  be  so  bij-hly  neeos^ 
saty  lo  mi'  at  tbb  monHnl."  He  n-«ovv-red.  buwever,  in  time  10  aosiit 
at  thi!  (irgc  of  Cairo,  a*  well  a>  of  iJiv  caitle  of  Marabout ;  and  afUir 
Alexandria  had  been  mluccil,  and  the  French  bud  Eubinilledi  lit.-  was 
appointed  to  encorl  tlu.'  capiluliilin;;  iiruiy  lo  the  place  of  embarkuliun. 

M^or-grwtttl  Moore  now  rvlurncd  to  EtiTOfie,  and  spent  some  limo 
in  lb«  txMwai  of  hi*  Gtmily.  He  was  ii«'Xt  etnployrd  on  the  stalf  of  iho 
onny,  in  tba  Kentish  duirici,  and  commanded  a  camp  at  Shorn  Cliflr, 
a  few  milfs  frofii  Dove*,  (ii  I60S,  having  ntiaim-d  the  toiik  of  liniic- 
nant'gCinj'rml,  and  obtained  tb«  colonelcy  of  llie  3Sd  ti^iincnl  of  font, 
be  was  despatched  once  mure  lo  tbc  Mcditerraoeaii  as  st'i-ond  in  coia> 
Biaad,  under  Oeactnl  Fox,  of  tlie  lorcn  to  iIm!  Mcditcmnean.  Ho 
■Dcoocdrd  tlu-  latter  officer  in  1S07  ;  ami,  curly  in  the  following  year, 
was  «rnt,  at  the  bead  of  li),000  tiicn,  lo  aid  ibe  king  of  Sweden  :  witti 
wbuDi,  lioncvcr.  be  had  some  {lenonol  dilTcrcQCr,  and  WOH,  c0U9e(|urntly, 
plated  undiT  arrnt ;  on  extrioaliiig  himBcif  from  which,  lu)  rclamcd 
with  bis  troops  to  EnjElatid, 

After  apcDding  a  linr  days  in  EnRlaud,  Sir  John  was  sent  nitli  a 
body  of  troi^  to  Portugal  lo  act  und<-r  ficnerats  Daliymple  and  Kur- 
nta.  This  sabordinate  rank,  a*  be  La^l  already  on  two  occosioiis  Ih-*-ii 
employed  as  cowmaiidcr-iu-cbief,  wai  (k>i:(iied  ao  infrniKt-'nit-nt  of  mili- 
tary etiquette;  but  Moorr',  lliou|;h  ratbrr  hurt  on  reoeiviuf;  bit  ordirni. 
observed,  that  while  able  h«  could  ucrer  reruso  ta  aen-c  bi«  country  i 
and  that.  If  tbu  king  ceiMmamled  hira  to  act  aa  an  emiipi,  b«  •liouM 
cerUiidy  obey,  He  rsAchcd  lb»  he«d>quartef»  of  the  Itritiiii  ■rmy 
Moii  after  Ibe  coovrntion  of  Cintni ;  his  suprrkir*  iit  command  were 
Buoceasirely  recalltil,  aixl  at  length  lt«  aMunicd  tJie  chief  vommuid. 
Ha  ac«or<ltngly  niarclml  Ibrwarvl  witJi  his  troops,  ud,  atnidst  innumww 
■Uc  rfilRcultk-s,  reached  Toro.  On  December  38lh,  1808,  wo  find 
turn  at  BencTenio,  anterior  to  which  pmnt  bu  dcacribea  the  araiy  as 
"  almost  conMaiilly  luarcbiiig  ibiougb  snow,  and  with  cold  that  l>a* 


roLmcAi  tEain. 


I 


rjari 


bMti  icf}-  intnae.  Tfa«  wcalli«r  wtthio  ikcM  feirdtjn,'  mMb  hft  "I 
lurnrd  to  rain,  tihicli  ■<  luurli  more  uDooinfDruUe  Uikn  Ike  cohli  i 
ha*  remiertd  lli»  road*  bIimm  impUMble.  On  the  9\M  ibe  anny 
mcbcd  Sahtptin  i  il  •■•  mMt*»arj  lo  lull  thens  in  onkr  to  i«lTt«h 
tiw  men,  and  on  accotuu  of  provtuixia.  Tbo  infimnKdaa  ikax  1  r» 
eeiT«il  ««•  lltat  Manba]  Soalt  was  nt  KAktaua  wiih  16,000  man,  with 
pgata  along  tkr  river  rrom  Gwnrda  to  i'mnioa."  No  aocotr  did  ikk 
oliJMt  pTwout  ituclf  t«  hit  viftv  than  tkc  iH-utraont-grnsnil  dat«min«d 
on  ttriking  a  blov.  Aeconlin)tly  bo  Rave  order*  hr  bis  troojM  to  nd- 
vaooa  in  iwa  etAuatta  on  tlio  niglil  vf  the  SSd ;  tnit  duriog  tkat  n-rr 
evMung  br  M«nn-d  iiitrlli||ri>i;c  that  tbc  nipmy  bod  ohiaifltd  mn- 
aidcmUe  wialbrM-mc'iiU.  Tliis,  buwcrcr,  wuuld  not  ba**  prevented 
bin  tram  carrying  hia  molutian  ibIo  v^vti,  hod  not  ibe  Man[iia«  da 
U  Ituioana  infurmcd  biin.  nearly  at  ibe  wme  ttmr,  thut  llie  l-'nriwb  wen 
iulvanciu^  from  Madrid,  eitbcr  lo  Valjaikilid.  or  Soltuniinra,  wilk  tkc 
uiti.-ti1iiMi  of  getliaK  10  the  n«r  of  tbi-  Brittili  army.  ^^J 

On  tkia  a  n.-(teat  waa  intlanlly  r«auli<'d  oii,  nud  l^rd  E^ct  *M^H 
pfaiotd  witb  llw  cmviJry  ao  aa  (o  pyu  notice  oT  ib«  flnt  apfwoacb  or  tk* 
Mwmy'a  ln(hi>try,  iheir  bone  baTi&g  already  adTsnoed.  On  tbe  90lb 
of  DemBber.  Sir  John  arrived  at  Atlorga,  vkeooo  W  proceeded  In 
VUka  Franea.  and  i-oDtinued  to  n>ove  on  lonardt  Corunna,  auiidit  in* 
■■■ivrakle  difRcullJea;  a  largf  portion  of  tbe  caralry  waa  daalroyed  in 
WHH|uviice  of  tbe  aavenly  of  ihe  aerricei  wbUe  many  of  ibe  nSicaffa 
•nd  nen  died  from  fatigue  akwe.  To  prerent  lb*  military  (Jtaat  fron 
fUUng  into  lb*  banda  of  tko  enemy,  toma  tboinanda  of  doUan,  intended 
lor  llie  pay  of  tbe  troop*,  wrrr  buried;  biH  the  object  ibu  lay  BeORM 
the  bean  of  the  gcBi>ral  «u  the  pnacnptlwa  of  ihe  cinnon,  ibc  i 
of  wbiofa  i*  looked  upon  na  a  point  of  lionour  aniou];  inllilary  men. 
may  b«  eaally  eoaceiied  tbal  at  iiu^k  a  (wriod  ewry  ibint;  likdy 
eoeumber  Uic  tnmpa  wot  thrown  away  :  and  it  baa  evin  heva  «id  ikait 
nt  Ibe  pniMge  of  Uie  laM  bridge,  a  aufficiiiicy  of  took  to  cm  >l  ^Mtmu 
naa  ixK  to  be  ubtnined.  To  comidcle  ib<r  diatrtaa  of  fail  utuatioa  thn 
trttopi  at  IcnKlli  be«ani«  iMvbordiiiari-,  and  I'oniaiiited  «o  ntany  etc 
that  li«  feuixl  it  necMMry,  on  norc  than  one  oeeosion,  (o  bat-e  i 
to  oBpltaJ  pnnialuiKnt  for  tha  pwrpoac  of  eDfortring  even  a  jArtial 
pUaaan  wUb  miUiary  diMlpUneh 

At  langth  lb«  pwt  of  Comnna.  being  tbe  place  dr3iiiH'<l  Ibr  ihn 
onbarluitiant  preaenird  iiacif  to  tkc  vif'w  of  an  anny,  already  oKTrconw 
with  Uie  diAeullm  of  a  long  nnd  fctigning  niarah.  duhng  which  Ui4-y 
wvrv  but  KWrtity  auppliod  with  food.  At  iba  aaoM  Ihne,  however,  tfan 
I)Unuing  riwmy  appenrtd  in  tigkt,—^m  enemy,  fiwhed  wiib  llM-ir  rroent 
vtctuiic*  ofiT  iki-  native  8pBni>nb,aBd  not  a  little  boasUul  that  tki-y 
bad  bdirld  ilir  KD|(li>h  Tor  till-  fir»t  time  t)>ing  before  their  cunqucnuit 
«aglca>  About  two  o'vlocl,  in  lliv  aftenioon  of  tba  16lli  of  Jnuunryt 
IflOlh  aftar  farming  «ario«a  oolvBna  br  that  pnrpMC,  nn  attavlt  toufc 
pbcn  ua  tbo  from  of  the  Britiah  pMiliou.  11m  part  agaiiMt  wUeb  it 
bapprncd  to  be  lir*t  dirvflad  wnt  lb*  tifjbt,  nMiipied  by  LitMeiwi* 
ganeral  S*t  David  Boiid,  tko  fcoond  in  consMndi  who  roceivcd  •  awirw 
woaadt  In  conae(|u«M.-a  of  wkkk  ke  wna  obliged  lo  k«vc  (he  lirliL 
Tbo  ooMnnandrr-iwchieC  who  had  UMtantly  proocaded  lo  lli«  kvimi  wf 
■Wioa.  mado  the  must  aUo  dlapoaidoMt  and  forcod  tbn  French  to  akc« 
Uirir  orleinal  tubniiotw ;  for,  tH-bf  nnabk  In  force  the  ligbl 


DeORIK 

"^  t^ 


PCMBK.] 


■IB  JORM  MOOBC 


It 


cnilvarnurcil  to  turn  it,  but  willraut  effect,  ui<l  tli«y  wioii  bohdd  thgtr 
ttvn  Ic/l  Ihrralcncd  bj  th«  movi-inmU  that  onaueJ.  Tli^'ir  next  tSon 
wru  ngitintt  tbc  cttilrc.  but  hrrtr  again  tb<Fj'  wrtc  muiifully  ti»i*loil ;  on 
which,  varying  th^ir  ilnignc  Bcctinlliig  to  ci/cuinitiuiC4!^  tlicy  obtaincU 
)KiiacHiun  a(  ■  DctghlMNiring  Tillngr,  aod  ailnnucd  ngiiitifrt  the  left  of 
du!  Brilub  line      Bitt  waiii  Ibcj-  were  foiled,  and  abli|{cd  to  fti*c  yray. 

Mvuiwhiic  Sir  .loliii  Moorr,  who  kul  exerted  liioiM-ir  wild  hi*  imul 
Bnimatioa,  lell,  like  WoUc.  in  the  roorariit  of  victory.  Ili«  dvatti  uu* 
iMOuiaaed  by  ■  conBon-ball.  which  idiattcTud  hi*  left  •liouldcr,  and  be  uua . 
atriMl  (owiinis  CoruDita  in  n  blanket  auppurted  by  siubcB.  While  his 
waond  wsi  prubod  lie  wd  to  an  officer  wlioni  he  devired  U)  attend  liiai 
during  llie  aliort  period  lie  liad  to  live — "  You  know  I  have  ulway* 
«Mic>l  lo  die  this  way."  Altbuiixb  nulVcrioK  great  imiii  la-  apiiearvU 
nger  to  (ficBk  bk^o.  and  the  firM  queelion  pat  by  Un  wu,  "  An  ilw 
Fnmoh  b«teii r  On  btiog  asMired oClhtt  bet  ^  wv«nl  offioera  who 
arrived  in  M<iceaifa)a>  he  esctaimed — >'  I  ko|ie  tkie  people  of  EagluMl 
will  be  utiaied  I  I  hope  niy  couutry  will  do  ib«  joatice  I"  Then,  ad- 
drawing  biMMir  to  oiu)  of  bis  side»-de-caiii|>,  b»  «o»limied— "  Yon  wUl 
■oG  my  Mends  as  toon  as  you  powibly  caa ;  ull  thaai  evsry  thing ;  uy 

to  my  mother ."     Tbafc  hia  Toiee  bikd ;  but  be  n^suincd  soon 

aAri  m  •  ilill  weaker  tofic^— "  Hops — Hope — 1 — 1  have  mucli  la  uvi 
bat  cannot  );pt  it  out — I — Coluorl  Grabain,  and  are  nil  uy  uidvs-d^ 
csiup  wed?      I  lure  nude  my  uUI,  aiid  renieinlwred  my  survautnl" 

Ou  ibe  a)^i««raiM-e  or  Major  Culbonic  hi»  principal  aid-denutupi 
ha  spoke  inost  kindly  (u  bint,  and  lli«n  turning  about  to  ouotlier,  b« 
coDtinued:  "  Itciueaiber  ytim  iiu  lu  ■---  .,  and  idl  him  tbal-it  is  my 
rm)ut*(,  aiid  that  I  csped  be  uill  bcfriciid  Major  Colboriw ;  lie  has  long 
bMO  with  uiv,  and  I  know  bini  iiioit  worthy  of  iL"  He  tlieu  oskod  tJi* 
HM^or  tf  the  Fniicb  uerv  beaten  ;  and  on  hearing  tkey  were  re- 
pulaed  on  evvry  point,  be  aaid,  it  won  a  great  salisliietion  in  liis  lost 
moBiMils,  Id  knuu-  be  bod  bralcn  tbe  Fr«n«b.  Aflvr  llii«,  bo  tiic|utr«sl 
if  Geiitml  I'aj;i-t  was  preMut ;  and  on  being  anHwt^red  in  Uic  ucgaliro, 
begged  to  be  remembered  lu  bmi.  "  I  fuel  wywlf  so  strong,''  added 
hti  "  1  fear  1  sliali  be  luiig  dying  ^^lani  in  great  poiii!"  H«  llwit 
tliaiik«d  llie  medical  lacii  lor  tlteir  stlentiiHi,  and  afUr  speakii^  kiudljt 
to  Captains  Hlaaliope  and  P^rcy,  he  pressed  to  his  heart  Um  hand  ol 
iliv  lint  aid-d«-eainp  wim  caitie  to  bis  aiaisiaiioe,  and  died  in  B  fsw 
miiiutn  wiihout  so  tnucb  as  a  struggle. 

I'bus  bll,  in  tbe  jwiiBe  of  lif*,  at  the  age  of  47  years,  surrounded  by 
his  suite,  and  at  lli«  conelusiou  of  a  critical  victory,  which  proswri'ed 
llic  riMiuiiiKler  of  hi*  nriuy  fron  destnction,  Lietilsuant-geu«ral  Sa 
John  Moore,  a  nonw  llwt  will  be  for  ever  doar  to  his  oouiitry. 

Ob  tbs  £5tlt  of  January,  tba  oorl  or  Liverpool  as  trcmary  of  statu 
for  tbu  hoBie-departinralt  while  moving  tbc  thanks  of  llu^  bouse  lo 
thoM  elGcvni  « bu  had  gainol  the  battle  of  Coruuna,  puiil  u  bi>;h  eulo- 
ghuB  tu  llie  mciuory  o(  Ibe  dcparlrd  general.  "  whuse  wbuk  i\i<e,"  bw 
sakk  "bad  been  devoted  to  tbe  service  of  bis  eountry.  for  there  was 
•careciy  any  aetion  of  iniportsncc  during  the  two  lost  wars,  in  wbieb 
be  had  not  partieipaied."  In  the  course  of  the  same  night,  Lurd 
Castlereagh,  in  bis  official  eojiacily,  as  ininister-at-war,  expresM-d  bit 
Borrow  at  tlie  *■  loss  of  one  of  the  ablcat  general*;  posiosing  in  on  iuut> 
nvDt  itrKTcc  every  valuable  quality  tbot  can  dignify  Ibe  nun,  and  en* 


l^ltnCAL  SBRIK9. 


rMnm 


'4 


hinw  the  Hiperiotity  orihc  soldirr:  at  vncv  m  the  prinw  ot  til«> 
lk»  prime  of  pcoTMMonal  <tM«fl ;  giriiif;  iu  the  evUlvi>ce  of  hia  pwt  I: 
the  (mm  MHuraDFe  of  what  might  be  eipMfied  fnttu  bia  leal,  iiitn'pidirjr, 
•■d  talent*."  II«  coflcltidnl  iriib  Ihe  Mloiring  tuMton :  "  Th«t  ou 
bumUe  addrr*4  be  prtt«nh^  to  ki»  i»iiji.'«ly.  rv4)Uf*ling  l)ial  a  muDB- 
meal  be  eroded  in  llic  cAlhcdrjl  of  Si  Paul,  to  itie  mcniory  of  ihv  law 
Lieutmanl-groorni  Mir  John  Moore,  kntghl  of  the  Uaih,  wbo,  ali^r  an 
hooourable  aixl  lurriiarioiw  life,  fell  by  ■  cwuiOD-bRil.  in  tke  ociiou 
near  Cornnoo,  on  ihc  16lh  ofJonuAry,  1809,  afirr  having,  bj  hit  jucU- 
ciou*  di»po*itii>nii,  *kill.  and  galloDln-,  rrpiikrd  an  cactay  of  rapenof 
fynr,  and  MTUrrd  Iu  th(  troopa  under  his  comroaDd  a  stib  and  UUiiM- 
laMcd  cmbarkalion." 

Th;  cnnimamUFr-in-cbirf  aUo,  >a  gMX-nl  onirn,  dated  Honc-gManb, 
Friiruary  lit,  1809.  paid  thr  (ullowing  tribute  to  hti  mrtnary:  *'TI 
bctielil*  derivnl  la  nn  army  from  the  example  ofn  dintingnithrd  eoi 
manlier,  do  not  terininati!  at  iii>  death  ;  hi*  Tirtucii  lire  in  the  rrcolli«> 
tion  uf  his  nwoeiurs,  and  hi*  fasie  mnnin*  the  rtrongot  incetilttc 
to  great  and  K'oriuus  aettons.  In  ihi*  ricw  the  coinniaiMkr-iii>«bicr, 
anidtt  tlie  dn-p  and  univi-nol  regret  which  tlwi  death  of  Lipatenant* 
getieml   Sir  Jofin  Moore  ha*  uoco*ioned,  rccalb  to  llxr  iroajn  tli«  iuili< 

Ury  euieer  of  thai  ilhutriou*  otfierr  Tor  tlicir  inatruclioo  and  iiiiitotioa. < 

Sir  John  ^loure  from  Itis  yiHiik  cnbranHl  the  profeaaiOB  with  the  KmI^^I 
inj^  axid  sFutitiieiiU  uf  a  aoMiL-r ;  he  Irit  that  ■  perf^t  kaowled|Ce,  aaC^I 
ail  exact  ptrlunnance  of  the  humble,  but  important  ilaii«s  of  u  stilmt- 
letn  olficer,  ure  the  beat  fnunilaltona  foe  lutiMiiurcit  uiililary  f*aie ;  and 
Ilia  oident  Blind,  while  it  looked  forward  to  ihu*e  brilliiuil  achievemeMs 
tar  wbicb  it  wu  formed,  applied  it«el^  wilh  energy  aiid  exemplify  m- 
aiduity.  to  (be  duties  of  that  italion.  In  the  Mhool  of  rrgimenUl  iluty, 
be  obtained  tbnt  eorrect  knowh-dgo  of  lii*  junltMion  »o  eM«ntial  la  (be 
proper  directtoa  of  the  galhuit  spirit  of  the  (oldief  i  nud  lie  vai  enabled 
to  e*tabli>b  a  charac1i-ri*lin  order,  and  rrgiilorily  of  ronduct,  bceauM; 
the  trtMpB  found  in  their  leader  a  airiking  euRi|>lG  of  the  diM;i|dine 
which  ho  enl(>reed  on  Mher*.  Having  riicn  to  e^ioimaud,  be  *igO«U 
tii-d  hi*  name  in  the  Wnl  Indiei,  in  Holland,  and  in  Kgjpt.  The  ■■• 
re«ailling  attrnlion  with  wbieh  he  devula'd  bimiclf  to  tlw  datiea  of 
VTcry  brnncli  ol'  fait  prolriaioa,  obUinrd  bini  tliv  conlideacc  of  Sir 
Ralph  Abrrcruinby,  and  he-  beconx!  the  companion  in  arm*  ol  that  •!• 
luMriuiu  uthevr.  oho  fell  ut  the  bead  of  Id*  victorioot  troop*,  in  on  ac- 
tion vhieh  niaitilaiiied  uur  national  luperiority  over  ihe  ami*  of  France. 
Thu*  Sir  John  Muon-,  at  on  i-orly  p-riiul  obtained,  with  gt'oeral  opfMO* 
bnUan.  that  conrpicnoiu  *tai)on  in  which  Ik-  ctoriously  icnuinatMl  bia 
utcflil  niid  boaonnble  life.  In  a  military  diaraetrr,  ubtamnt  anidM 
the  ilangen  of  diniate,  ilie  piivuliuni  incident  Iu  H-rvice,  au<l  ibe  m^ 
ferinf[i  of  repented  wound*,  it  i*  dillieult  to  *elt-ct  any  one  f>oiBt  ■•  n 
preforablo  (ubjrct  for  pnii>« :  it  exhibit*,  bowcrer.  one  feature  mi  par- 
tleuUrly  diaracteriilie  of  the  man,  and  *o  important  to  the  best  iiiie- 
rvnta  or  Uier  lerviee,  that  the  eooinundcT'in-ehicf  u  pteoaed  to  mark  it 
whh  hi*  peculiar  approbation.  Tbe  life  of  S«r  John  Mooro  waa  if>oni  ^ 
•BMIg  the  Iroup*.  During  ibe  *paioa  of  re|to*e,  bU  tlnte  wu  d«*at«d 
to  tbe  4)arc  and  biitructMMi  of  tlie  vllicrr  and  toMler;  In  wnr  lie  eonrted 
■wriw  in  every  r|uaner  of  the  p^obe.  KegiwdlcM  of  penonal  eon- 
•jderalioa*,  he  eticcmed  that  to  whicb  h*  coanlry  <nlltd  him,  ll*e  |i 


PtUUMh] 


ni  JOHK  MOOIIK. 


79 


or  liououi'.  lui't  1>(  tit'  unOnuiitnt  Rpiril.  nml  unconiU(-riibte<|_ 
UM!«,  lie  )M)iniitil  Llie  way  to  viclnry.  Iljn  counlry.  (Iil-  objMl'  vi  kb 
lala»t  M>ltcitu(l<%  uill  mi  a  niaanmcnt  U>  lii*  lutiuruieil  iiicinory,  nnd 
lh«  ooniiiinndcr>in-diiirf  ftn^  lie  ii  |>ayiDK  (Bt  hetl  iribute  lo  Jiit  liiino 
liy  lliu*  liiohling  him  Itirtli  us  Uii  trxani|4L>  lo  iIm-  MUty."  Napoleuo  «ai(l, 
llial  '*  bb  uknU  and  finili)M8  alone  taveii  lh<.>  Brilikli  amij  from 
dnlruclion ;  he  was  a  bravv  t>aldi«r,  an  vxcell«iil  ulBeer,  and  a  oian  of 
tulcnti  lie  oimIv  a  Tew  tiiimk««.  whicb  were  prabablj-  Jnaeparabk  from 
lltp  diflkullies  willi  wliich  tic  woa  iiurroundod,  and  caused,  perhaps,  by 
bia  infimualion  havJD);  muikd  iiiin:"  Wellington  drclnrrd.  lh.it  h«  "taw 
but  ooe  error  iu  Sir  John  Moore's  Cftmpnigii:"  and  Soldi  described  bin 
u  "takii^  every  advantage  that  tlio  country  ailbrdc«l,  too)>poMaD 
Mtiv«  and  <  igoroin  rvaistaac*." 

Tba  foiloHiiig  letter  FrnRi  Sir  JoJiii  Moarc  ii>  Vbcount  Casilcreagli, 
doled  Coninna,  January  13tli,  180!l,  itircc  ilayi  brfom  Umi  death  of  the 
gcnrml.  will  lemi  to  lutplaio  tlic  cauio  of  lb«  onfurluiMto  trrminatioR 
of  ihat  r*Dipai|;i> : 

"  !»iiuaUHl  aa  ilii*  anny  is  at  |>n-*rnl,  it  b  itiipoH<ililR  for  mn  to  detail 
lu  your  loidsliip  tin-  i-ivuis  which  Imw  tuki-ti  {)ber,  siner  1  had  th« 
huuour  to  address  you  liriMU  Aslotgk.  ou  iIr-  :li>i  of  IX'criiibcr t  I  Jiave 
tbcr«ror«  d*-teriDitic^  to  ivad  lo  Eoglaiiili  Brii-adit^r-gciiErul  Charlea 
SUwart,  a*  the  oifi«cr  best  (]iialifled  lo  give  you  avrry  information  you 
can  want,  both  with  resp<«t  to  our  •cinal  aitunlion,  and  the  eveota 
which  Itaie  Ictl  lo  il.  Your  lordthip  know*,  that  bad  [  followed  my 
own  opinion,  as  a  military  man,  I  nboulii  haro  retired  with  the  army 
from  SalamaDen.  Tliu  .SpunUfa  arniiirs  were  tbvn  l)««tco,  tberv  was  DO 
tipaniah  force  to  whicli  we  could  unite,  tod  I  waa  utiafitd  that  no 
•flbrla  would  bo  made  to  lud  iw,  or  to  tavonr  tbe  cauae  in  wbi«h  tbey 
w««  engaged. 

"  I  waa  acnaible,  however,  Ihat  the  ajialby  and  iniliflVrciiee  of  tbe 
Spaniarda  would  ocver  have  bpnn  belirvttl ;  that  bad  Uie  Britith  biiin 
witbdrswo.  th«  loai  of  tlio  cauic  would  bare  bevn  imputed  to  tlirir  re- 
iTMl.  SImI  it  waa  Dcceaury  lo  riik  ibi*  army  to  conviixw  the  p«apl«  of 
England,  na  mtW  on  the  mt  of  I'.urofir,  that  tlie  Spaniarda  had  noitliM' 
Ibi;  power  ttot  tbe  inclination  to  make  any  eflbrta  for  thetnwlvo.  It 
wai  lor  tbi*  r<-aM>n  tlial  I  niwic  (bi!  marcfa  to  Sahagun.  A*  n  divvf- 
alon  it  ■uccEnl«l ;  1  brought  the  abole  di*i»o«ablc  fomi  of  th4!  Frfocb 
■gUsU  Uiii  ariuy,  and  it  bod  brcu  olloncd  to  follow  mc,  williout  a 
■Dulc  movomait  being  nude  to  favour  my  n^trc^aL — The  pt-ojilc  of  tbe 
Gallielaa.  tbongb  arincdi  mado  no  aitmipt  la  ilop  tbe  passage  of  tbe 
Fmncli  ikrongh  tbrir  moiinlaina.  Tliey  ubandonL-d  ihrir  d*ellingi  at 
o«r  approndi.  drove  away  tbcir  carli*.  oxrii,  an<l  every  Ibiug  thai  could 
be  of  the  suiallcst  aitl  to  tbe  army.  Tbe  oonaequeoee  lias  been,  thai 
our  tick  Iw*  been  left  btshitid ;  uud  wben  our  borw  or  tnulut  failed, 
tiliicli,  OD  auoh  niarche*.  uiid  throUKb  *iie!>  a  eoiintry,  waa  tbu  ca*«  to  a 
grrat  extnil.  baggaKc.  nmniuuitiofl,  alorv*.  Ac  and  avcn  uonoy,  wtrv 
necMMrllj  devtroyed  ur  abaixluaed. 

**  I  an  aorty  to  any,  that  ifae  anny,  wboae  ooadoct  I  bod  audi  rcMOa 
to  «ilol  on  It*  march  tlirougb  Portugal,  and  on  it*  arrival  in  Spain,  baa 
totally  cbangcd  its  cbnrader  aincc  II  began  to  retrcaL  1  can  sAj 
nnibing  id  it*  favour,  tiut  that  whra  ibere  waa  o  prospect  of  llgbting 
Uu  cnnmy,  tira  men  were  tbcn  orderly,  and  lecned  pletsed  and  dalct- 


80 


roLirtCAL  uKic*. 


(HiVIII 


■iiifd  lo  ilo  tlwir  (tulf .  In  rmni  at  Villa  Fr«n«a.  (be  Fran«h  Min«  op 
with  Um  rvMTvr,  wild  uliitli  I  viti  coTrnnt;  (be  riMrvat  oCiki;  army ; 
iJiry  ■Uack«(J  it  «(  CalrKU-loi.  1  rrtiml,  (rovcrpd  by  tlN>  9Atli  ragi- 
uiiMK,  and  iMrcbFil  tkat  ni](lit  lo  Hrrmtait,  ami  finni  Ihenrv  in  Nogalc* 
ami  Lu^,  whrrv  I  tiail  unJi-rcil  tim  dilforat  din^JOM  whi«h  pn^eded 
lo  fault  and  eollrct.  At  Luffo  (lie  Frnidi  again  nHi«  vp  «i(li  lu.  'They 
altMkrd  oar  adianeed  poM»  on  the  6ih  and  7(li,  and  wtrr  rrpabcd  in 
both  aUrntptf,  nitli  little  Iom  on  oar  aide.  I  heard  from  ilie  pn*an»r» 
taken,  that  tlim  iIWiumib  oT  ihe  Freoch  arniy  werr  come  up.  r«*»- 
■MMtnl  by  Manh*!  Suult ;  1  ibrrrfotv  rxprcl«tl  tu  be  atlsHictl  on  tlie 
moriiiiiR  of  (he  8lh.  1(  wa»  my  wish  (d  coaio  to  that  iaane :  I  bad  per- 
frCt  cunlidenoe  in  (lie  nlour  of  tbc  troopi,  anil  it  wai  only  by  ertpplin^ 
the  euemy  (La(  iiv  could  hope  rhber  t»  rrtrra(  or  eoibark  unmojt«ted. 
I  made  cnty  prepani^on  to  receive  ibe  allack,  and  drew  oat  (lie  arwiy 
in  [Ik  BianriBg  to  olTrr  battle  Thin  na*  nut  Manli^kl  Soul I'a  object. 
lie  pillirr  did  noit  (bink  himwIfstifKctendy  (trun):*  cr  hu  wiiheU  lo  play 
a  Kurrr  game,  by  ntt.tcking  qi  uu  uur  miirch,  or  during  our  enbarka* 
liun.  Tbo  country  uu  iiitcr«i.-tleil.  and  liit  pocitioii  luo  »lroi>]E  for  me 
to  aUach  with  ati  infi^ior  furec.  Tlu!  want  of  proviMonft  «otiM  not 
■mable  me  to  irai(  longer,  i  mairlied  that  nigMi  aad  in  two  forced 
inarcltct,  bivouacking  for  MX  or  ei|;b(  boun  in  the  nin,  I  rraehod  Be- 
tauoa  on  tlic  luth  intUnt. 

**  At  Lugo  1  wiu  *pn»iMn  of  the  impncMbitily  uf  rtawhii^  ^'iiP>. 
wlueb  waa  at  ino  great  a  dbtancr,  and  oHnml  no  adranlaici-i  lu  ■■mturfc 
in  tht  boo  of  an  nirioy.  My  intention  wa»  lliou  lo  hate  ri.-(rcu[nl  lo 
llw  peninauU  of  Betamoa,  where  1  hoped  lo  lind  a  |H»iiioii  to  eotrr  the 
mhawkatiaD  or  Iha  army  is  Area  or  RvdM  Bayr«;  hut  liaving  »riil  an 
odieer  to  rcconnuilrv  it.  by  bb  raport  1  wm  delerminril  (n  prefer  Ihit 
pUcc.  I  K3«c  notice  (o  the  adroirtJ  of  my  intention,  and  faefngrtl  (hat 
the  traiMporti  iui)tbt  be  brmif[ht  to  Coeunna:  bad  I  found  ilirm  hrrroii 
my  arrival  on  the  I  Ith.  ibc  einbarkouaa  woaUl  easily  harp  been  eflrot- 
ed.  far  1  faad  gained  M:vml  moreluv  on  the  Frvnvb.  Tbey  have  now 
RiRie  np  vith  at,  tbn  tr«D»{KiriB  liate  not  nrrived :  my  pmiiHifl  in  front 
of  (hta  [ilacv  i*  a  rery  bail  one  ;  and  (bii  place,  if  I  am  li>rce<l  (o  retire 
Into  it.  ia  Mvunaaded  wiibln  miiafcet  (hot,  and  ihr  barbour  will  be  m> 
aawinnilnil  by  ouinon  on  Uw  coaat.  thai  do  ahip  will  he  uMr  lu  lay  bi 
it — In  aboet.  my  I.oi<d,  General  Stevarl  will  inform  yon  bow  erilical 
our  dlaMian  ia.  It  liaa  been  recommended  lo  m«  to  make  a  propoaal 
M  th*  rataqr,  la  indnee  him  to  allow  us  to  embark  qnieily,  in  wbM 
CM*  be  fata  ua  oat  of  the  country  toon,  and  tht*  i>lacT',  with  its  Mom, 
to.  caMBlsIa :  Ibnl  Mberwiae  w*  have  (Jie  power  to  make  a  lonj:  rf»- 
fcaoii  «nkb  BMWt  MBM  the  dettrardon  of  the  (u«n.  1  am  aTene  to 
nmfca  any  aoeh  peopoeni,  and  am  eiee«lia);ly  doubtfal  if  it  would  be 
iltBDdod  «itli  any  good  dfecl ;  but  « balever  I  xvrtAtr  on  ihi*  liead,  I 
b«p«  jrour  lonldiip  will  rwl  unurvd.  that  I  «h«U  accept  no  tenan  thtf 
wt  m  tba  l«Mt  duhonouraUn  to  lb«  army  or  lo  the  eounUr." 


I^K>ii ; 


et 


(Storfff,  <e<iti  i^arartnft?. 


■OHM  K.  0.  I79T  —DIM  A.  n.  tMn. 


Tin*  cxcrll«ni  ncMcnian  was  bo™  llie  I4lh  of  >faif,  1737,  at 
tinnily  iii»t*>DU  of  LUMnMurv.  At  t\te  sgu  of  (liirlcen  lio  was  admitti-il'' 
■  lUM'T-MiDinoner  of  Trinity  cuflc^,  Dublin,  wlterc  hi-  pru«-<-di-il  ^ 
M>  A.  1759.  From  DwMln  he  canity  lo  Ijtndoii,  anil  was  ciil^rctl  of] 
■he  Middle  Tnuplt,  irherv  ho  fbrrn^d  an  iuilniacy  with  Bfv«ral  tlianic' 
ttra  who  were  riling  into  emincticr;  but  nur  iiilvndtpg  to  Hady  ihti  ' 
hiv  vitii  a  vieir  io  pnFtice  iti  ibat  |Mi>K^9ai<iD,  lie  milj  miiaint-d  llicrfl  ' 
rtH  he  hod  «>inpl*l*d  hb  arran];tnnentH  fcr  making-  ihe  loor  of  Eumpi-. 

On  lib  itttirn  lo  England  he  became  a  rrprvwiiialir^  in  pftrliiiuicnf ' 
for  Uie  iMrougli  of  Midliuit-t,      Abont  Ihi*  time  ili«  uffitini  of  Ru»i< 
liaring  anuiDvd  an  inleivslitig  a^peel  for  Eiin>p«-i  an  alliance  with  that ' 
pewvr MMoed  de«imble  to  Eiiglaiiil  on  niativ  coimideration*^  and   par*'] 
ileularly  in  a  commrrrinl  point  of  view.     A  lr«aty  of  eMnmerre  liut'i 
fcr  m}tB«  yt*r*  before  engngrd  thi-  altpntron  of  the  Brilinli  gOTernnieiil ;  * 
bat  none  of  ili  diplomatic  ogrnti  had  riitier  skill  oe  vciglil  enough  ti> 
■nrte  ny  proimi*  with  tbc  Itimian  eabnxrt.     L'ndfr  thrtv  circom-'l 
flanOM  Mr  .Mneorttiej''*  abililir*  werr  rmptnynl  by  I.ofd  Kanrfiricli, '^ 
nnd  on  Auf^ot  Sid,  1764,  he  «m  appointed  enmy.mlniordiniiry  lo  thtr' 
rmpren.      On  itlii  (xmaioB  he  rrcriTcd  from  Ilia  mnjr«ty  the  honour  •  ~' 
kiiighihnod.      Having  laid  the  lolidlhiiiitlnlion  of  a  ^nnl  uml*>nitniidin« 
wiih  Count  Ptniin,  wlio  «»  Ihi-n  at  t)i«  lienit  of  tlie  Ruuion  alHiin,  he 
fmtured  to  u]>en  the  grand  olijret  c>f  hlf  mlmian,  and  alter  a  elwe  ne- ' 
ItMiuion  of  ftmr  monihs,  tlie  imMy  of  commerce  wn»  brought  lo  a  eoti. 
elation.     Owing  to  an  ambtguhy  in  one  of  itK  ctauMf.  however,  it  nai'1 
not  ntiflvd  bj  the  English  court.     But  a  wcomt  iri-nty  being  rignedf 
tfiv  great  object  "f  hi*  miaMon  wns  oI)ltitietl;  and  .Sir  Cicorge  Macart-' 
art  rctunicd  lo  England. 

On  February  l>t,  1766,  lie  marrinl  Larty  Jane  Stwut,  accoml' 
■htughtcr  of  Joliti,  Hurl  of  Ilttte,  iind  in  ihu  fulloniog  j'ear  was  appoint-^ 
rd  rliicf'W-cretary  of  Ireland,  umler  the  ailminialration  of  I.ard  Tuwd«- 
Itcnif.  In  I77it  be  relin<|tii»hed  thi«  niuniimi ;  being  noininnted  about 
(he  suae  tinie  a  kuighi  eo<n]iaiiion  of  the  order  of  Hie  Bath ;  and  r^ 
cefrctt  ni  1774.  as  u  fiitthcr  rewani  for  hi»  Mrvice«,  the  appo!otm«it  i 
governor  and  constable  of  tlie  ciislk'  am)  fcnren*  ofToome.  In  Di 
(vmber  1775,  we  find  him  appoinlcil  rn  plain -genera  I  and  govemur  of 
the  milliem  Carlbbee  Inland*  of  Grmntla,  the  Gmiodinea,  and  Tobogo'; 
ttnd  on  June  lOtli,  1776,  a<fvnncri(  to  lh<-  pecragr  of  Ireland,  by  ti.e 
title  of  LonI  Maemney.  Baron  of  LiMWionrv,  in  lli«  county  of  An- 
Cfinii 

His  silminUtratlob  at  llir  Carlbben  gave  genetral  ulSttiiciion :  mhI  It 
contributed  in  no  imall  degrti-  to  tbal  galtan  reaoluiion  villi  which  lli« 
idand  ofCrenatta  wai  aflerwarda  defenth^  when  attacked  and  fu(»- 
dned  by  a  superior  Kirce  under  Count  d'Ealaing  in  1779.  Lorrl  >fu* 
nrtlHy  mta  now  >cni  a  dose  prlMnrr  to  Fmnee;  hi*  prime  Ibmine 
wn  iiiBt»rially  injurtd  by  the  capture;  and  lie  had  llie  mil  Kirihcr 
wiwftiftane  to  toae  u«t  only  lit*  paper*  and  accounta,  but  alao  tin.-  mai* 

VII,  L 


roMTioAL  aemn. 


[Knmt 


of  oht«n->t>irtis  utid  tiulprinl*  wliicti  li«  liwl  f^albored  whtli^  In*«IUli]; 
ibruu^li  Ikr  <lilfi>rfnt  stutM  of  Eiirup« :  aiid  hy  ibe  accideulft]  firing  nt 
A  w—f\  in  which  Ludy  .MiK-artiicy  ha<.l  eaibariMi  for  £uit>pe,  excp  ibe 
dttplinlvs  vf  iiidi  u  bi-  huii  l)>uu):lil  luuat  worthy  ot  pmerralioa. 
fib  lorcUip  rMDMned  bat  «  sliorl  liiiw  u  •  jrntoiter  of  war  •(  Li- 
iDOgM.  belwv  be  wM  penatilMl  10  ivliirii  lo  England :  and  waa  aluMt 
imnaedUlFly  aUrr  H-nt  ujwn  a  cttofldcniial  lulaiion  lo  Ireland. 

Toward  the  doie  uf  1760,  Uio  dislracte^l  uatv  of  tbe  pmid«n«y  of 
Madru  l«d  tli«  court  of  th«  dirmiora  of  tke  Eaat  India  company  to 
name  bim  ni  ibp  person  taaat  prt^MT  iu  lh«ir  opioion  for  promoUDg  iba 
traoquilliiy  of  tliv  MiikniHit.  and  lihc  praapcriij  of  ibcir  aftin  on  Iks 
roaal  of  CurooiandeL  Ob  Ibe  Slat  of  Judp.  1761,  he  arrived  beforo 
Pondicbcriy,  aiid  lb«  fi>lloitiiig  day  tandtd  al  Madra*,  op«n«d  bb  cmd< 
niMaion,  and  took  po*>««aion  of  hi*  governiocol.  He  found  ilw  silua- 
tioa  uf  affairs  on  tlie  coaet  in  a  mora  deplorable  condition  than  be  could 
w»)l  liaT«  luMgincd.  Hjrder  AU  wa«  in  ih«  nikbi  of  a  Ticlorioa*  car- 
rirr.  Ilh  apcceaif  had  raabltd  liim  lo  spread  bt*  neni«rouf  horte 
ovrr  all  Ibe  Camalti*.  Panic*  approaclmt  daily  to  ibe  very  gain  of 
Madras:  and  tbe  nabnbof  ArcoluMi  lii*  family  were  obliged  lo  lake  rc- 
ftige  in  tbc  lonn.  Und^r  Lord  Marariory's  dirrciion,  confidence'  is 
tlie  goveriimcul  uaa  oM  otily  rffivcd  lo  indivuluaU,  bat  ibe  Iroopa 
botli  ia  camp  and  garriion  acquirtd  frr»h  tpirit  from  lii«  mark.*  of  ai- 
t^Dtioa  wbwfa  ucrv  Bbown  lo  ttieir  demand* ;  and  tlicy  «oon  aArr  gave 
th*  itratgtal  proolt  of  llx^ir  brairry,  difciplioc,  and  atlacbmrDt,  in  the 
defeat  of  Hydcr,  uiMU>r  Sir  Eytv  Coolp,  al  Porlo  Non>.  Tliv  critical 
»lafr,  however,  of  tbe  aSaira  of  India,  folly  juililicd  Lord  MacartMy'a 
liSotu  10  briog  about  a  general  recoDriliation  vith  ihc  mtire  povHs. 
Tbc  peaca  with  iIm.-  Mabrailai  wa*  fultuvcd  by  a  tecond,  and  even  a 
ihJnl  deli'Bt  of  Dydcr'n  ainiy :  ibi-  rapture  of  tlie  Dalcli  acttltneiila 
of  Sadna,  Pullirat,  Madepulbm,  JaKgemioijiunun.  Bimlipauin),  and 
KegapataiB,  diiat^rfd  llie  cuuiiecliun  which  had  becD  foniMMl  lae- 
tirecn  tbat  power  and  llyder;  and  the  aBigiiinent  of  llie  reveonea  oi 
Ibe  Caruolic  tmm  tiie  nabob  of  Arcoi,  to  Loid  Manrine}-.  for  ibe  nie 
of  Ibe  company,  rniderrd  ibe  termination  of  1781  au>pidous  lo  tbe 
conpaity't  affair*.  TW  neat  jeoTi  however.  «a*  calami  loon.  Toward 
ila  ck»e  llyder  All  waa  •ucccvdcd  In  bit  gofeniDent  by  Tippoo  SaU>i 
with  wbom  It  waa  more  iban  probable  an  early  peace  miglit  kare  beeui 
eoadwded,  cmild  I^ord  Macartney  bai-e  acted  na  be  wMwd.  A  pcaca 
woa  now  eiMiclodrd  with  Tippoo.  Tbe  undue  iaterfereoee  of  ttio  au* 
pmiw  council  at  llvngal  with  the  pre*id4.'oey  nf  Madra*.  however,  be- 
came a  Morce  of  gnat  murlilicalion  lo  Lord  Macartney :  wUcb  mAy 
nHlad  with  the  mnoral  of  Mr  Haatinga  from  lua  govenuBtuii  alnoat 
Iproedlalaly  aitot  which,  in  cotMequenoe  of  ibe  prenMlwre  rMtilutioo 
wblcli  waa  ordered  frwm  Euglaud.  of  ibe  aaMgamcnt  of  the  Camatic 
revewHca,  Lord  MacartiM-y  l<iRi*elf  retired  from  Madraa.  rrcvloiu  to 
bia  ilaparluK  be  entered  an  affidavit  and  a  doclaration  on  the  recordt  of 
ibo  eouBcil  i  tb<i  lint  declaring  that  froea  the  day  of  bit  arrital  lie  hail 
never  by  kiintelf,  or  by  auy  other  pcnoa  for  bim,  dirediy  or  indircetly 
aeerplcd  or  m'oited  for  lu«  own  lirnefll,  from  nny  pt-rton  or  petWBa 
wlHMiaoeirf,  n  ]ier<rui  or  prcaenti  of  any  kind,  except  lao  pip**  of 
wb»  from  two  pariicvUr  fnrnda,  a  frw  bulllr*  of  Champagne  and  Bur- 
Ifundy,  and  wma  fratia  and  proibioni  of  iiry  trifling  laliiv.     Further, 


i 


PaliHIi.] 


oeoRCB,  e\lll.  MACAHTIilEr. 


ibat  he  hiiJ  (-•(jiiriiit-d  liiiiiirif  voWAy  tii  tin 


u|i.iii,v'*  allowance,  wliicli 
were  4U.U(M)  pu^oda*  |wr  aiiauni,  Uiit]  ll>«  cuniniinion  xnil  coniutnge  mi 
vonil.  wliicli  during  bis  goreniinent  hail  produccil  or  on  averugP  100(1 
OBgodaft  |)er  nnnoni.  TImI  h«  ba<,l  ii«r(^r  vmbrziled  or  aiiuippri>printi?<l 
any  or  ih«  roii)pany*«  clfectMi  but  had  obMrvod  his  c«lrRlnl^  and  aciril 
in  all  thing*  for  ibeir  honour  aiid  iniervst.  The  dedarntion  itnttil  the 
eKOOt  incnaM  of  bi«  prtrpeity,  aiuoutiting  lo  81,796  pacmlii*.  Soon 
aAci*  hi*  retorn  lo  Europts  Lord  Macarl[i«y  mg  ofTercd  the  {{oVctn- 
meirt  of  Bmgiil ;  but  makinc  a  Dritl^li  pc«rsge  the  siaf  qua  noa  of  hi* 
oocFpliiig  il,  aiid  (hi)!  not  b^ing  comooanl  lo  the  principli'i  in  ^^gIl^d  tTi 
Indian  appoinlincnU  which  Mr  Pitt  and  Mr  Dniiiln*  bnd  Inid  di)irii, 
the  appoiiiliDent  «'««  brttowed  on  Lord  CornvalliR.  Mxet  itiin  Ik-  rr- 
lircd  for  six  jrcnrc  lo  Ir«litnd,  wli«r«  be  engaged  himM'ir  priacijHilljr  in 
the  iiiifirovcnivnt  of  hit  paternal  Mlali?. 

Ill  179 J  a  more  (Mjiial,  and  at  tli«  eomo  time  >  more  rr^ituble  inler- 
courae  than  Iind  l>rrn  hiiberlo  krpt  \i\i,  irat  dflcrmint'il  on  niifi  China. 
On  lhi»  occasion  iIm)  coort  of  din>(rior»  ot  ibi-  Ea>t  India  company  en- 
tered wiih  bccomiBg  ()Hnt  into  the  rintu  of  Mr  DundoH;  aitd-L»id 
MiU'-nrliicy  wn>  tookcd  open  ax  the  only  |>rn>>»i  capnblo  of  iindcrtitking 
ttic  niinion  viib  any  prnlKibilily  of  tafcr^t.  On  the  3il  of  May.  I7U2, 
lio  rfcciiftd  hn  ap|)uintiut'iit  a*  ainbiii*ailiir  ciirnonlinnry  and  plcnij)o> 
Ivnliury  from  the  king  ufGrtit  Brilain  lo  ibi^  emperor  orCbiiia,  and 
■□  ihe  month  of  Scpienib«r  iH  oul  iipoii  a  voyage,  lli«!  deiailii  of  whidi 
may  be  found  in  Sir  CeoT);e  Siauntoii's  'Authentic  Aecoutii*  of  Ibe  «iu- 
baniy.  He  rtjched  the  Yellow  sea  in  safitty,  pasted  up  the  White  river 
lo  ToDg-choo-fbo,  and  tbenee  proccMled  by  land  (o  the  melropollH  of 
Cbiiia.  TcliiL-n-Luiij;,  tlic  aged  emperor,  irlio  lind  rpignrd  with  unin- 
Irrmplod  •uoccis  and  reputation  more  than  bnlfa  eentury,  wax  then  nt 
the  palace  of  Zhc-hal.  bpyond  llir  crlebraled  wall  which  lind  been 
orecied  ■*  a  liarri«r  a>^in9i  the  Tarlan.  I'bera  lli<!  amtxiatailor  di-- 
liv«re<l  a  letter  from  the  Btitiib  snverriKT),  in  a  box  of  tfold,  adorned 
with  jeweln,  whieh  vnt  graeiuanly  received  ;  but  a  ipirit  oijealotJiy  di«- 
tndilml  the  eaijieror  to  any  treaty :  al>d  afli-r  llie  eaebanf:«  of  Diulu.-tl 
prcMnU,  ilnat  hinted  ihut  the  deparlun?  of  the  Mraiigen  would  be 
BgrMaUe.  Oii  the  9tb  of  October,  1703,  hi*  eieellcliry  and  suite  Irft 
Pekb,  Md  proceeded  to  Ton|:*tclieti,  whence  tln-y  were  conveyed  by  a 
lariciy  of  rivers  and  canala  from  the  northern  lu  ibo  wuthern  eilrttu- 
ily  (rf  Cbiiia.  and  reached  Canton  in  Wifety,  after  a  mriely  of  AQiuning 
lulvt'OiurcT,  uti  ilie  18ih  of  December.  In  January  folluwinK  they  em- 
bnrked  at  Macao  for  England.  On  the  bib  uf  September,  1794,  LonI 
Macartney  land^  ai Portanoutb,  uhcrc  lie  had  the  gratilicatioii  lotiixl 
(bai  bo  ha<l  not  bmi  (brgotlen  by  \m  •oT«rfi);n,  who  by  puieiii  at  Dtib- 
liD,  liaietl  ls(  of  March,  1794,  IimI  been  plnwd  to  advance  him  (o  tbn 
title  of  Kiirl  Manrtn«y,  in  ifac  eounly  of  Antrim.  Tba  winter  which 
■tnmediaicly  li>tl«wcil  hii  return  from  China,  h«  wnt  permilled  lo  pan 
«l  hi*  COM  with  hi*  fricndi;  ImI  In  June,  179R,  be  waa  a^iu  called 
upon  to  undcrtftko  an  important  miMtou  lo  Iialy  of  ■  delicate  and  con- 
Adcntial  nature.  Prom  Italy  ho  relorncd  through  (icrroany,  and 
rcocbrd  Ei>g1and  in  May,  17IH):  mod  alter  which  hio  majesty  va>  fur- 
lliOT  plt«Md  to  create  liim  a  ttrili*]i  peer,  uixkr  the  litlc  of  Baton  Ma> 
CWtMy.  of  rnrhbnM  in  Surrey.  ' 

Jn  1797  bo  Mikd  Iroiu  I'ottMuuvih  to  take  upon  him  Ibe  govern* 


Bl 


MuncAL  uaiis. 


pti 


tiiMit  orUH-  Cafxe  of  CuoJ  Hope,  wLicfa  liul  Iraen  «ai»fi-fnil  ailiKly  OB 
(bi-  (jrouiKl  uT  filiM9Ei.  Bui  hi*  livaltb  boiug  lualrrially  aflVcCed,  be  talf 
•topped  tinKK  riJI  till-  20tli  ur  Nuvr-mticr,  1798;  leaving  bpliind  bini  ■ 
dcclaratioa  oa  m-uiil,  similar  to  tiui  vhicli  liad  bc«n  left  in  Indiii. 
H«  srrited  in  Ei>Kbuil  iu  ihv  ntontli  of  Jaouary,  1799,  uiib  m  daikrtmi.' 
iialkin  Id  mirv  wliolty  froti)  public  life.  The  ntvnn  o(  ihit  gout,  to 
whicli  Id-  tiail  been  MeaflooMd  for  Mine  >««/>,  tiere  do*  quicker  ainl 
t»veret  ifaiui  ivcr;  uid  lie  felt  hitOMif  uiie«|ti«l  lo  contiBual  hurry 
■■d  baMle.  Hi.-  uuir  ]iaw«il  a  (v*  jear*  «uiirely  in  tbe  tatiitj  »f  !■■* 
IVieild*.  During  Uh-  i;re«t«r  part  of  tbe  year  180^  Ot  gDiit  coniiiiued 
(o  bang  aLxMit  liiui,  without  adTUtcing  to  a  dt^idrd  fit :  auti  l»e  cod- 
IuiiukJ  in  a  UnguisbiiiK  tedvctil  *l»l«,  till  tbe  evening  ur  tlit:  3Ut  of 
Maitlii  I8O61  lilieii,  whilir  r«clitiiiig  hi»  head  oa  hit  b^nd,  a»  if  drap- 
ping  into  a  tlaBibcr,  ho  nuuk  into  tlM'iiriua  oftteUli  willxMil  a  aigh  vrm 
tiniggie. 


fCcrrartt,  VUcouiit  iUkr. 


•MH  A.  a.  1744.— Blie  A.D.   I0V6. 


GEnBARD,  Loaa  Viscount  Like,  ww  lioni  on  tbe  27ib  W Julf. 
17-t-l,  b«  iliuw'd  an  early  pr«4)le«liaD  lor  Ui*  Biiliiary  ptofaaiiai,  asd 
•  lit-n  icarcfly  luurleen  years  oM  erilered  the  arni}'.  and  vai  appgiated 
an  i:iu^;u  ii)  tFte  IhI  rcgiiueiit  uf  fi>oi-giiardx.  \\'iih  tbr  ?d  battalion  of 
that  COr(M>  be  proce««l«4l  to  Gr-railuiy,  in  1760,  where  li«  tcrrrd  during 
llic  rtrmaiiMlcr  of  tbe  Mveti  yean  war.  'llie  allied  army,  under  the 
hirtiliiary  prince  of  Drvntwick,  after  lianq^  detetad  Uie  coony  near 
Willianutadt,  and  driven  hmi  Iroai  all  hit  poaitiaiM.  on  the  uiu:s{ic(Hcd 
appeanacr  of  a  body  of  the  Freivth  (iitcr*  mi  tlie  n^lii,  «er«  Miaed 
with  a  panic,  and  were  abauduuinj;  llie  field  in  cooruaion  :  but  Roaiipi 
Lake,  wbo,  oti  ibal  day,  carried  llu-  colour*  of  (Ac  Sd  Uxtialion.  lit 
rrfiinent  of  foot-guard*.  undiMiiajed  by  tite  retreat  of  bit  ccwuiaaiont. 
nmaiiM'd  ai  bia  ]io»t  n  iih  a  few  tocn :  and  iwrliap*  i^ie  rare  exaaplc  tS 
0oun(e  and  dclermiiuiiMi  grraDy  conlributvl  (o  recover  tbe  aeUierf 
lirtMB  die  CDBtteruttiion  into  wbii-b  iWy  bad  bceii  ibtowo,  aiMl  lo  bring 
Ibrm  back  to  duty,  fie  wa*  mob  oAer  (hi*  apjioiutcd  aid-de-canp  lo 
tirM'ral  fVarMwi.  in  whtcb  (iiuaiion  lie  rcBiatoLil  aiitil  hi*  return  tu 
Eoglaod  in  1703. 

In  IT^i  ka  proeeedrd  10  AnM-ric*.  and  juwrd  ibe  bn^ade  of  guard* 
avni^  uixjrr  iMtxi  Conivallia.  During  lite  »l«gt  of  Y«tk  t«<rB,  bo 
|)artk«Urly  di>iiii;;uiibed  blawelf  by  Monai^t  one  of  tb«  eoeniy'a  b*^ 
UfiM>  in  ao  (ptUaBi  a  owancr.  w  tu  obtain  tie  warinrat  tbanka  of  1^ 
coONpasdrr^n-  diief. 

VVlim  war  viib  Fraace  bioke  out  in  1703,  lie  wmt  ti*  ITnllawil.  in 
rofBDiaiKl  uf  tbe  l>i  brigade  of  gvarda,  diaefnbatkdl  at  Hcl*oeblaj»( 
aad  '— irr*'*"^y  aflarujird*  prooeedad  lo  Wdliait»tMli.  abieh  na*  ai 
tUa  tiiBC  bnuftjed  by  ihn  VtvaA,  aid  aiiv«<l  Iff  the  opjiortBiie  arriial 
of  iba  IJriliab  mof*.  IU  wo*  pnant  01  tlw  airKc  of  ValanoitiincB, 
and  la  nMatoftba  rviiHdtnibh'  aclio«M  faagbt  iu  I793-4.  Ferbapatba 
moil  brilllajii  rxpUiit  which  bapf'eiKd  In  Uie  oDaiM  vf  ikc  i-nni|»if« 
vaa  Uic  aMonil  uf  Lincdk*  by  tba  brigadc-jpiarda  under  Lord  tj»k*. 


h«M.1 


CBBnAHD.  VieCOUMT  LAKE. 


85 


On  the  braukiDg  out  aftbc  rrlwUion  in  Irrlaii<l,  in  1798,  Lonl  Lak» 
mt  appMDted  to  llic  staff  in  tliat  kinK(l»Di.  In  lUii  ■rduoo*  anti  trying 
Htaalian  be  mniluctnl  liimnTlf  ill  a  manner  vii«nliy  Ixinounblc  ti>  bit 
own  dtaractfr.  iiuil  bcucHcia)  to  ha  country.  Tbe.  uokaptir  iiialc  or 
IrrUnd  at  that  pu'ivd  coIImI  for  imMKire*  of  unmaiaiuii  vi^iiur.  and  . 
ino  oflrn  lor  tbu  vxcrciw  nf  a  tefrtrity  wiikfa  jieocMity  ulotic  could  jii*. 
tiiy.  By  InmpRriiiJt  jwiioc  with  invtcy,  ralbrr  than  by  the  nsv  oi 
ibrcc  or  o»crci*c  Bieuurcs,  lie  sufCEcilt^iJ  rn  reeluriiif;  trttsquillity  to  Ibi- 
aoatb  of  Ifldaiid.  At  ViiK^^'mr-hill  he  aitavki^il  with  fcmt  ju<(^inmt  nod 
•pint  tha  coUccteU  furce  uf  llic  ivbtla,  wliiuti  he  i-omplrli'ly  dclcoti^ ; 
■Md  MIowad  up  tfai*  iiuc««a  «u  nfodly,  an  to  ])Tvvi-nt  ihrir  i-*cr  again 
aaiiiiiililiiiH  in  any  cunMikraUc  nmuliiir.  Upoo  this  occoaion.  ta  <in  all 
otlicn  in  whirJi  be  wiu  engiif[cil,  be  led  on  ilu.-  iroa|u  in  ptfion.  und  ho 
bad  a  hone  iillrd  under  liisi.  Tlic  ipcedy  return  cfpnvrr.  and  total 
■spprmicMi  of  tlic  rvbi-llian,  which  tli«  iveinrv  action  at  ViM-jrar^tU 
fiavo  naaon  to  cxpi-ct,  were  oiMlaiif:i-n.-d  by  the  unival  of  ii  Fmieb 
fore*  aDiler  ticnrral  Humbert  Al  Castkbar  this  oflicFT  obtained  an 
advantage  ovtr  tfac  troops  couimuudi-d  by  li^nl  Laki.-,  anil  in  ihu  ex* 
p<.-ctiUion  ot  bcioK  joined  by  thi-  dixutl't-cted  iu  hif  prof^icws,  niovril 
rapMly  luwanis  the  Apit»L  Iteiiiforried  by  Mionc  fretli  trocph  Laid 
Lake,  ari«Y  n  niwt  M-tx-re  aiitl  fallguing  puravit,  came  up  witli  the 
vDHDy  at  BaUiiuiniiirk,  oiul  coiapcllcd  the  whole  to  ranrudrr.  During 
■be  rciniioilcr  of  hi*  ttay  in  IrcUnd,  he  wa*  of  >Mcii(ial  uu'  in  cnrry- 
ing  into  rdrrt  tlx!  tiMUisurrs  of  lln-  f;DTeriiiiii-nt ;  and  the  proniptiliKlA 
aad  vigour  with  which  h<^  i-utcutrd  tlw  urdrm  of  the  lord*li<!uii>oani, 
(■ontributed  in  a  grrot  drgrro  to  rvc^l  ibc  luisgiiidcd  iobabitiud*  to  a 
eciue  or  duty  and  trimtinioc. 

In  1800  he  wtt  DootiBUetl  to  tbe  irnporiunt  oiaiion*  of  cnomaadw 
iii-dticf  of  (be  Kii^sutil  Company'*  lurcL-s  in  ludko,  nud  kooikI  uonber 
of  llwiapwaieconiicil  at  tti-agal.  About  tlir  middti- of  Maixh,  1801. 
be  readied  Cakoiin.  aiul  llie  folkming  July  pKH-ttdnl  to  Cuwnporc, 
the  priitcipal  military  aiation  on  tiie  froniioN.  In  ibia  aituatioo  bia 
« lioie  attenttMi  wiu  demoted  to  the  iaipfovMnrnt  of  the  Umi);ii1  amy, 
nud  npuraally  of  (he  uliire  earalry,  njiioh,  by  faia  proleMiunaJ  akill, 
uiul  indefatigable  exertiMia,  wni  brooglit  lo  llie  hi^litu  pilch  of  txcti- 
imet.  Wnr  tome  tim?  a  iicfottatioo  had  been  earryiug  on  witli  tiio 
Nabob  Vixirr,  the  ot^jvct  of  whirli  waa  10  obtain  h  ccnioo  of  Icrriiorjr, 
ill  liau  of  the  aubsldy  wbicli  liia  p«.-«4leiicy  paid  for  (iiv  truop*  eia- 
ployed  in  defcnc*  of  hit  dowinioBa.  Thia  acftoiiatioii  wm  brou;;ht  to  n 
MioccMfal  lamuaoiiQii  in  (bo  oioBtk  of  Normbcr,  1801,  and  owiii]*  lu 
tbe  jiMlldaM  diopOMlioo  wbich  Lord  Ijjie  had  niMie  of  the  irou|» 
under  hit  eonound,  thr  etiil  awibontica  wm  ettuUlahed  wllhuul  d>lh> 
i-ulty  ovet  ibew  extcaMO!  and  raliialitv  provjnoes,  with  tin-  excrpiiw) 
of  Sicay  and  Cutchoiini,  iIm;  Zt'iuinilnra  of  which  rrluBud  to  aubniit  tn 
tboM  UBMcifial  ragalalioB*  of  (he  Coai|uny  vhidi  bad  prudunsl  nivh 
benefiU  to  tli*  ialHliilaata  of  llcii^.  Every  oouoilialory  emti-avour 
woe  unaucenafaU^  wad  la  Iwing  bodt  ibc  f^fibt  of  Utoic  placn  to  a 
ainM  oi'duty,  bat  ■•  tbey  continued  lo.reaitt  Uie  oidrra  ofROvcnamciU, 
Lord  Lako  wn  ooaiprlled,  In  thf  s""'^  "C  l^^>  *"  *(Uch  llicm  wilh  a 
Military  farce:  ia  the  ouunu  ol  two  ni</iilb>  lu  n^luci-d  ihf  tining  far- 
lm»(*  of  8aa<iy,  and  Cuielioura.  « ith  m>  n-ry  duiiaidrrnbh-  iun  on  our 
aidt,  and  by  lb»  aiean*  aecurvd  the  lmi((uitlity  of  ibc  cwuulry. 


BG 


POLITICAL  SCaiBS. 


(K, 


Tba  dclMt  ftf  Ibit  nmii<-ft  of  Scindtt  anil  tli«  PrUhwa,  biuI  iIi^- 
•Msara  of  Pooiub  by  Jcwvuot  How  llolcar.  in  ilirir  canMvjui'tir'i.  Icil 
to  m  fabcidiarr  trrnty  Ix-twn'n  ihc  IVulivta  ami  thfi  KnglBh  gori-rn- 
mrai,  noil  iiivolvod  the  Ullrr  in  u  war  »ilb  Sriaili>  otiil  Ibc  rajah  of 
Bvnir.  Wlini  nrpiMialion  hml  failed,  naii  errry  rlTnrt  licm  UDavalluqt'y 
tried  U  procure  iIm^  continuance  ul'  peace,  the  nobir  niiirqui-»,  ilirn  at 
the  h«*d  of  tbi-  Indian  govminM-nt,  in  drfctin'  o(  hi*  slty,  and  Tor  ibc 
nfetf  of  ibo  dooiintoa*  more  immcdinicly  iDtriuird  to  liii  i-h«rp-,  wa> 
rrluctniitlv  compi'Ui-d  (n  rnort  lo  araw.  Toward*  Ibr  miiUUe  of  July. 
1803,  I^nl  I^kc  rcci-ivrd  nrdcn  lo  lake  ihf.  field.  At  that  time  ilu- 
dMIUMlilc  force  in  EWnin!  was  iinull,  oving  to  the  rcduclion  afaich 
had  taken  plarc  in  llir  nulirv  army,- in  K-bnlicnct.-  to  ordcm  fioin  lui^> 
land,— ««ch  baltalioo  liario);  been  inluced  from  9l)U  to  70U  priialci,  aitd 
ofllie  latter  100  vera  alwcnl  on  leave.  Etvry  niea*urr  was  sirainrti  In 
■upply  the  dclicience*  uf  caltir,  &c«  and  sucli  were  ibc  iixteljliKakle 
rxcTtioiM  made  by  Lord  Lake,  that  be  wa*  rnulrted  tm  tli«  txlt  of  Ait' 
guit  to  take  ibc  field  wiih  a  nunll  but  u  el  I -appointed  army.  Om  ihe 
Sdlh  of  AiipiBt  Iw  CUIeml  tli«  Maliraltx  lrrriloii<^  where  lie  fantid 
Gciirnd  Perron,  viih  about  I5.UO0  burw,  drawn  up  in  a  v^ry  aliuu); 
INwitioa  near  to  Cm-I,  pn-pured  lu  receine  biiii.  Hi»  lordiliip  at  Ibr 
liod  of  ihi-  [Iritiih  cuviilry,  iniini'iliatHy  alUckcd  tbe  ciinny,  aud  aficT 
■  aliarl  and  dcMillory  aciKHi,  drove  hint  from  tlic  fii^ld,  aud  took  poatea 
•ion  of  Cocl.  On  exii mining  llie  furl  of  Aly  Gur,  it  waa  found  lo  be 
ao  ItriMif ly  fortified,  ibal  iu  rcdutlion  by  rej-idur  approseh**  could  not 
Im  looked  for  in  l«a  ihiiu  bis  weelu,  u  la-s  urtiaiv  which  miglit  baie 
|it4v«l  fatal  to  the  vueoiis  of  llie  ci«iipii;;ii,  by  alkiwilig  Scindta^»  ri'ifit- 
lor  brifEwk-s.  Ibtn  rapiiily  adiaiicjD|C  fniiti  ibc  Decran  and  ibr  Punjali, 
lo  form  a  jiim-iiui>.  lit  pOMWaioti  wa*,  bowcnT.  deemed  iiidiii|i('iiu- 
My  tMTraMTy.  na.  if  kh  in  llie  band*  of  the  enemy,  it  would  kavi!  cut 
on  the  roaiiuunicaiioai  of  ibc  arniy  wiih  ili*'  company'i  proriacM, 
whracc  our  tuppliM  were  di-rivid.  Lord  I^kc  tliewforv  deirnniiMd 
lo  allTBipl  lo  cniry  llib  iin|>orIaiJl  place  by  a  coup-tlr-main.  It  WM 
Dccordtiigly  aiiackrd  on  the  luortiiu^t  of  tfai*  4tfa  of  ^ittembcr,  the 
ihivo  fpi't  •ucce*Mvely  blown  iipen  by  n  iwclvc-poandcr,  and  alter  a 
ItalUnl  nwittance  friiui  the  i-arriMm  it  «a*  carried. 

'J'Lt*  ib-cisive  and  able  o^wralion  matiltxl  I»td  Lake  lo  nion  towards 
llirnuiin  Uidy  ot  Ihv  encoiy*  forro',  whieli,  on  the  lllh  orSr])4(iabFt', 
1803,  afler  a  fall^uiup  nurcli  of  Iwrulylhtre  wilra,  in  the  aaraint 
HiftMHi  uf  lite  year,  hit  lordahip  ruf^agtd  and  drIiaitFd  with  Crriit 
■Uu^'htrr.  In  ihi»  brdliaui  ncituo,  which  wa*  (uught  oa  ihc  plain  offn- 
•i4i>  lu  Uclhi,  ibu  Britiab  brca  ooaaiilrd  of  (■•■  than  3000  eavntry. 
and  had  Init  a  ■mall  propoftioii  of  anillny.  Ilii  lord*bi|>,  with  hi* 
niaal  actirity  and  iral.  Inl  the  tnwifM  into  actloa  aJ  the  lieail  of  ihr 
70tJi  rrflairnt,  aMi  had  a  horse  kilhd  under  bim  id  the  advance.  On 
Iha  ISib  o(  Srpiroibrr.  the  army  cxMH-d  ibe  Jumna,  and  look  |)om«*- 
aion  of  l>elhi.  Ihe  capital  ul  thu  Mogul  inipirr,  where  hia  lorUiliip  rw- 
iuycd  ihe  luarlli'll  ■ulitiaction  »(  rilteting  lli«  a|(fil  and  tcnrrable  Sbah 
Aahtta  fmai  Ibr  niiiery  lu  nbii'b  lie  had  Wen  to  long  c>|iowd.  fiuai 
Uahntta  aiKl  Frcueh  ojiprunjoci,  oud  of  rriarMag  Uai  la  a  Miuoiion  ol 
liai^acM  bmI  ciMnfart.  Tbe  aiarknl  mpcd  and  venrraiMni  wuli 
wbkh  the  miprriif  woa  irralcil  liy  !>»  KaMuiil  ili'livetcr,  «a*  partirn- 
lurly  grah'lul  )»  ibv  fcdiiif*  of  thai  uiiliMtuuaU-  princr,  wlw  tcaUlicil 


auaARD,  VIICOUNT  LAKE. 


87 


I 


hit  gralilli«l«  1>y  boolnwiiig  oti  1>oni  I^kc  llm  higlx-tt  lllle*  wliicli 
oouli)  \ni  confftivd  on  >ik-Ii  wnrrinrn  as  ha<t  rt-ixlrrci)  ihe  mmt  signal 
M-rvicrs  to  t)i«  »lato. 

Having  pruvitlix]  fbf  llio  arcuriiy  of  tlic  copitnl, — for  tlie  emperor'* 
peaceful  eiijoj-nicnl  of  prrtonAl  frcriloni,  rooifert,  and  ilignriy.^-aitd 
fur  Ihe  intnit utility  of  (bo  turtoiiiKling  country.  Lord  Lak«  hRftdH-d 
wiih  (tip  nmiy  u>  Agra,  ilenoiuinalcd  the  '  Key  of  HimlMtmi,'  which 
In-  rcnchcd  in  (WO  day*. 

Tliv  •ituMion  of  lli«  army  b^ore  thi*  plnoc  wm  nieli  ai  to  irqiiiro 
(he  cxrrciw  of  grt-At  pnidenoc  kikI  enttrprio-.  Tlir  garriiKin  cotitiMod 
or  iipnTmrds  of  5000  men.  Four  rcgnlnr  hnltalions  wi(h  S2  pi«vr«  of 
nnnon  dofciHtnl  the  nrioM  and  npproacltc-a  (t>  Ilic  fort,  and  tiro  of 
I'orTon*  brigades,  cofnpo««d  of  *eve(itopn  ballflioiis,  a  considerable 
hody  ofMTslry  aiidSlS  pieopi  of  field  ordoance.  arrived  frotn  (tie  Dec- 
can,  niid  took  a  |'>o«i(ion  abou(  Iwcoty  (siles  Jn  the  rear  of  thp  beaiegirtg 
n/n)y.  The  fc«uti(y  of  the  Company's  and  nabob'*  dominions,  nnd  th« 
profeculioo  of  future  m'rlilary  operaliooA,  depending  in  ■  great  menraro 
Vpoo  lh«  fall  of  Agra,  theao  ooBiideration*  deteraiiiied  liit  lonlnliip  to 
aadertaka  the  tie|t«  of  that  MnMig  and  vo«y  iooportant  pUce,  in  the  (ac« 
of  iUng«ni  and  difBenllics  wliich  might  liuvn  detrrrcd  a  l<«  intrrjiid 
niitid.  Tbe  operalioiu  comineneied  on  ihe  lOih  of  0<;ti>brr,  and  lcriui> 
iiaied  on  ths  Itilh,  by  the  NpituUtioa  of  ilie  fbrirrw,  ^tttr  a  vigorowa 
but  tnelfeclual  rc*iUiinw,  'Hio  enpturc  of  Agra  Mrured  n  line  of  de- 
tvatv  aloog  the  veM  bank  of  Ihe  innintu  and  left  the  Britlih  army  at 
liberty  to  allacli  Scindia't  remninii^  brigade*.  Tlie  punah  arcordiiigiy 
«>tnmenc«tt  on  the  S8(h  of  October,  but  tho  diitancc  llie  cneniy  bad 
ftained  in  advancei  and  the  celerity  of  bb  iDOvraiPOts,  sooo  ihowed  the 
liuJo  chanc*  ikon  waaof  ovrnnklng  him  with  infanlry. 

Aware  of  tbo  avila  which  would  remit  to  llie  public  N-rricr.  if  thia 
foroii'lable  bo<ly  of  troop*  wu  allowed  to  join  Jcuuunt  How  llulcar, 
Iheti  in  great  force  on  the  bonten  of  the  Jyeporc  eoqntry,  at  twrlTe 
o'clock  P.M.  of  the  3Ut  of  Ortober,  Lord  I^ke  putlicd  forwonb  with 
llw  raguhir  cavalry,  aixl  at  tunriic  tbe  Ut  of  Korvmbrr,  IH03.  cnmr. 
upon  the  eocniy  at  Laiwaree,  whom  lie  Int mediately  cliai^^  and 
broke :  but  owing  to  the  bwtm-w  of  the  ground,  llie  lulvacito^  be  first 
obtaini-d  could  not  be  folloned  up.  When  the  inftatry  arrived  anil 
wH»  refrcsbi-d.  llie  enemy  wax  again  attacked,  and  oiler  a  tevcn:  con- 
terl  completely  defeated  :  eii^hty.tu-o  pi4>erH  uf  camion  were  taken,  and 
the  nliolo  of  (ho  infantry  eitlier  kilWd  or  made  prttooert.  In  tliia 
mefflorablc  cng^eanml  Lord  L«ke,  who  licadi-d  every  charge,  and 
wliow  iiervonal  exerliniu  eieecdcd  all  hia  former  eaploil*,  bad  a  horto 
allot  under  bira,  ami  wia  for  »ome  lime  espoted  to  the  mou  inunineiit 
danger.  The  amnll  body  of  troops  which  aceontpaoled  hini  iiilo  aeiiun, 
alter  giving  prooGi  of  invincible  eonrngo,  for  a  nKWMOt  gave  way  to  su- 
perior nnnber*  and  lite  deairvctive  fire  of  Uio  enemy'a  artillery,  and 
were  on  the  pmot  of  being  obarged  by  the  enemy**  horaPi  when  they 
were  rallied  by  (he  peivonal  eaertiona  of  hit  lonUhin.  Encouraged  by 
(lie  arrival  of  the  S9(h  dragoon*,  and  notoiaieil  by  the  prc«onc«  ofUieir 
beloved  oomnander,  they  renewed  the  cliarge  n  ith  ao  impetounly  (hat 
•peedily  decided  lli«  fale  of  the-  (lay.  A  (mall  proportion  only  of  the 
Britiah  foree  look  an  active  part  in  thi*  brilliant  and  lU-eJtire  victor}-, 
irhicli  annililbled  (he  wbolo  Of  Seindia'a  rt^-u'ar  aruiy  in  HindMtaii' 


66 


rnttTicAL  >MitKii. 


(Ifivni 


Too  Diatli  pntUr  eaannt  b«  iNwtnwrd  an  thr  littmt*  iinti  obiKly  vliicli 
wvre  c&liibkUil  by  Ixinl  Lakp,  in  llie  eoniluct  of  Uin  anhinmi  uitl  ttiiH- 
eull  nmpUgB,  whrii  it  i«  rtiuaitti-rcil  tlui  lie  bnd  to  contrDil  wilh  lr<io)i4 
hug  BMUMOBCd  lo  vifrtory,  vntllj^  mperior  in  iiumbFT,  diiiriplinn)  tiy 
Frvricli  oflinTii,  kixl  fumulicil  wiili  a  biriuiilable  train  o(  artilknr.  nliicti 
vat  admlxabty  Rcrvctl  in  rrery  Bclian.  His  own  furrc  nl  no  iim«  px- 
cc^ded  .SOOft  inraiiirj.  ^000  cavalry,  nnil  a»nial(  proportion  of  artiHrry; 
yM,  wilb  iIkic  Arrmingti-  i(iaiin)uatc  nirani,  did  bii  lardilfip,  in  Inw 
than  three  nkonlli*  from  ihe  oprAiiif;  of  the  CMBfign.  defeat  the  tatmy 
U  Co«-l,  Odlii.  anil  Lii««ar««;  take  tbr  atronp  (ortrrwe*  of  A|tnt  and 
Aly  Gur,  and  mlinmt  tfar  wlwie  of  Seinfliu'i  duroinioiw  ea*i  of  the  riv<r 
Chotitbii].  In  tliit  rnpiil  and  vktorioiu  caretT,  lhirty<t)itit!  of  IVrron^i 
rvgvlar  battatuHi*  arre  dFtlioynl,  tipvanb  of  180  ptrixs  of  artillrrf 
Ukeo  in  >i>r  lii-kl,  nnil  iM-arty  &0U  in  garTMon*.  In  addition  to  thrnc 
military  operation*.  I^>rd  Liike  mtdcrvd  taienlia]  lervicL-  in  Ibn  con- 
duet  of  Tariout  poliiiciU  amnjscnWDt*  of  |:T«st  importance,  atid  ia  the 
*ellleai«nl  of  ibc  COM(|aavd  provinces.  Towarda  tbc  close  of  the  yt%r, 
a  irMtly  of  lietttmt^  alliance  waa  rotered  into  inifa  tfai.-  Taj«h  of  Jye- 
pore;  and  in  February.  I6M|  Lord  Lake  entcml  the  mjiih'i  ronntry, 
tlirti  UnncftWM-it  by  JcoaaDt  Rov  Holcar.  Wliile  lying  thewr.  tbc 
otroBg  fan*  of  Ovalior  and  Ruiijidora  were  reduced,  nBilLv  bia  <mler«, 
by  (Wtachmcolm^froin  the  British  artny. 

In  Iba  miiiilie  of  May,  160'!,  titr  inclemency  of  ibc  weatber  ami 
ditficuliy  of  procuring  (applies  compelled  tJic  ctmimnndrr- in  •chief  lo 
uHlulmw  tbe  grsalrvt  part  of  the  army  into  tlx:  C'(in>p:iny'i  prorinee*, 
Iriving  fire  battalioiu  (o  ruvi-r  ilie  Jj'cpore  country  daring  llic  abtence 
of  ilw  anny. — a  force  whtcli  was  dvcnit^  folly  idcqnale  for  that  pur< 
l<wr.  Uufortunatrly  lliia  detocbmeni,  Teniiiring  too  far  in  ptmiiit  of 
I  lolrar,  waa  ortftokrn  by  the  nine,  and  aot  being  able,  in  c<>ci<r<|<ienrc, 
to  proeara  uppUra,  was  uii.u:knl  am)  pBtsncd  by  hie  ooUeeUMl  forcn, 
ana,  after  tUKtergoing  gn-Jil  laiigura  and  pritMion*.  wm  drlern  nndrr 
Ih*  mik  of  Agnit  nilh  the  lou  of  all  it*  aniUefy,  camp  r«|itipage, 
UoMa.  Ac.  Ao.  oud  mofr  tbaa  lialf  of  ita  original  number.  Thr  war, 
by  Ihia  luieapectcil  mt*btluoe,  wa»  brought  homo  to  llio  CompMiy'i 
pMviuop*.  and  the  ilHuiiiution  of  fore*  mUieit  hail  liern  maile  by  tKe 
defail  of  Uiit  ileiarl>meat  waa  wtvi-rely  fell  at  lhi<  critia  of  aJbir*.  In 
Seplrmber,  I,ofd  Lake  joined  ihc  Iroopa  MH-niUnl  at  Agtm;  but  an 
iauM'iliale  iik»i«NlM)l  agaijiat  ihe  nncniy  mu  rrtar<liid  by  UHnet  m 
new  a*  unnpccud,  arbing  out  of  ilip  <ldrrttan  of  lbi<  n^aJi  of  Borlpon', 
and  ihu  iMulKirdiaalion  which,  ihrough  ll>e  ■iiirigui'*  ot  ihni  cWalkaIn 
■mI  of  iha  vmitMriaa  of  Holcnr,  gpncmlly  pert  Mini  the  rodad  aail  con- 
.  qiK-rMl  pravlii«H^  Oiid  in  ihrir  oOMHpicnri-*  opcralnl  a«  a  H-rioiw  h>^ 
pMliiMtBt  U>  procuring  proviuotia  and  euppliif. 

Al  letiMh  hi*  lordabip  waa  raahli-d  to  pot  llw  army  in  iiwIhMI,  whlrb 
rtAchnl  Drllii  on  ihc  17th  of  (Mober.  Tba  latmy't  itifaniry  li»d  in- 
•IIorl4iaUy  br*ii>grd  ilii*  plarc,  and  on  (Im  I5lb  of  Oclol>rr  ihry  wvro 
rqMibed  iu  a  genrinl  aauiilt  With  great  toaa,  and  imuedUtely  alUrvarda 
r«irealad  tuwanU  Ihe  n*rr  Itrniire.  Anaioua  a*  the  coamandttHR- 
chtnf  ma  to  bring  the  «ar  lo  a  apredy  tanninatKin,  by  the  drvimcilMi 
of  Ihia  body  of  UxtApa,  Ihe  itaiil  of  pntehion*  Tenitrnd  (heir  punnil 
UuUy  iniprmctK'sliIr.  >a<l  rnmpdM  Iba  army  to  hall  nniil  ihia  moal 
MMBtial  rr<iui»itt  o»uld  b«  prMured.     On  the  VIM  ol  Unobar  Lai* 


rnwD.] 


OCRBABD.  VI&rOI/NT  tARt 


8f 


Laki',  villi  (brctt  regiutetib  of  Uriiuli  trnd  three  regiments  or  atiiixe 
cavalry,  two  Eun^an  flanlc  con)|)aiiif»,  ond  t«o  bullaliona  and  a  half 
of  naiire  infftnuy,  followed  Holcar.  nho  hod  rntcretl  iho  Dooab.  and 
thrt'.-itenal  to  \*y  watte  tho  wliok  country.  Aflcr  a  march  unequalled 
lor  orlc-ril7,  Lonl  Lake,  on  the  moraing  of  tlic  1 7th  of  N'ovrmbcr.  sur- 
prised the  <-ii«my's  eomp  at  Fumiciuiiiad.  iind  dufentcd  him,  with  IIm 
luH  of  Rcnrly  5000  nten  left  on  tbr  &i-ltL  HoUnr'n  nrnif  viu  cilimited 
at  15,000  hone,  nlillii  tlin  Itriluh  euvaliy  did  not  cuci-L-d  1800  moutttcd 
mrn,  wliorngof^ed  under  llic  Jisndvaotajeofliavin;;  murcii<.'d  fift]r<cjgkl 
milo  within  the  twciity-lbiir  buuni  pn-c^aK  llie  action.  Holcar  liim- 
wlf  ocapcd  with  grrui  diSiculty.  Thid  ugaal  and  dccUive  victory 
IHuvvd  of  iiicakulflblc  udvantagc  U>  th«  public  interests;  it  tttcit  tli«? 
whole  uf  tkir  Dooab  frum  being  laid  waite  -,  it  evinced  the  «aiii'riority 
of  tbc  Btititli  arm*,  and  kliowed  10  tbe  Dativen  that  the  bixuted  mpidity 
of  die  Stafaratta  horse  could  be  outdone  by  our  ca«9di}-.  Wbcu  llm 
cAialry  had.  in  two  dayti'  hall,  rccorered  in  some  degree  from  l)m 
lai^ue  it  had  >o  lately  undergone.  Lord  Lake  pn>ceeded  to  join  tlii! 
amy  at  Hul/a,  whieb,  duriog  hi*  aliwnce,  had,  under  a  combiued  and 
ninaUrly  operation  niiMl  tkilfutly  planned  by  hit  lofdchip,  and  cArricd 
into  cfh-ct  by  the  gnllaiit  Ueneral  Fnuer,  defeated  tbc  enemy'*  infiuitry 
under  tiic  walls  nf  Di-pj;,  and  taken  most  of  bin  gun*.  'I'lu:  ticgn  of 
Deeg  vat  bi-|;un  as  aouti  at  tlie  bat tcriag-l rain  arrived.  In  tbe  brgin* 
niog  of  Dcecfiibrr  a  practicable  breavb  being  made  in  one  of  tim  baa* 
timia,  it  was  sioraicd  and  carriiid,  and  on  the  Fullowlug  day  the  (a€t 
va*  evacuated.  Burtpore,  to  wbi«)i  the  remains  of  Holoar'a  army  ImJ 
retreated  on  the  fall  of  Deeg,  ma  tbe  only  pbce  of  eonaequenoe  uhicli 
noit  remained  in  the  baud*  uf  the  cneuiy.  It  wsi  irircited  early  in 
Janunry,  1805,  and  tlie  Kiege  wu  proiraetcd  to  the  beginning  nf  ,^Inrtfll ; 
during  which  interval  it  waa  Uorraed  four  lioiea  uiiauccewrully,  and 
with  very  coot^iili-rable  low  (o  tbe  bealegen.  NotwlUutanding  iliew 
bilurot  orwing  from  the  great  population  of  Burlpore,  and  from  tlic 
uainral  difficnlti«t  of  that  eateuai*e  fortrvM,  tlie  njali  foreiaw  that  tlie 
place  mart  ultimately  be  taken,  and  nccordingty.  early  in  Marcti,  li« 
Nied  for  peace,  which  was  granted  by  Lord  Lake  in  term*  highly  bon< 
ouraUa  to  the  English  government. 

Deeply  as  the  miscarriage  at  Burtpora  wta  to  be  deplored,  the  eoefliy 
bad  liulc  eau»e  to  exult.  Unrtiig  tlie  siege  aluoat  the  whole  of  Hoi- 
car's  infantry,  and  also  Meer  Kban*B — whieh  were  uruiigly  eutmichml 
under  tbe  vails  outsida  tb«  town — were  destroyed,  and  their  artillery 
taken  i  nor  was  the  loa*  of  the  garrison,  composed  of  the  whole  streogtb 
of  the  Durtporv  dominion*,  nnd  a  large  atldiiion  of  Riereenarlea,  leas 
considerable.  Upon  tbc  eooclusioti  of  tbo  treaty  witli  the  r^h  of 
Burlpore,  Holcar  sod  Meer  Kbon  retreated  with  tbc  burse  llut  still 
rrmaioed  to  tbeoi;  anil  a*  lliv  country  waa  now  cleared  of  (Mwniicn, 
Lord  Lake  waa  enablcil  to  put  tlie  troop  into  tpiartera  on  the  Jumna 
iliirin^  ibr  remaining  part  of  the  hot  H*iuon  anil  tbc  rait*. 

He  wa«  not,  howcvi-r.  pennittcd  lu  indulge  long  in  ropote.  Toward* 
iIk-  clow  i>r  ibL'  year  ItUKt,  Holcar  and  Mci^r  Khan  again  appeared  in 
CMisidemblc  fiiri-e  iu  the  connirie*  north- west  of  Delhi.  Altliough  their 
annia  |ii»M-»<ed  no  solid  «lrengili,  nor  were  esleiilaled  to  make  any 
■eniiua  iiiipr<'*4«>n,  IX'iiig   principiilly  runi|>(i^«^l  ol  pcidilory  hurw,  jet 

VII.  M 


roLITIV.tL  (Cmik*. 


INina 


uill,  if  not  linM-lj'  rJif«krd.  they  might  hate  nuiw<i  grval  nUcluef,  l>y 
layinx  wofte  thr  roiintry  nniJ  (Intruyin);  ilie  rill^ca. 

WliPii  Ijord  Lake  hod  rcecircd  touiirj' suflivi«iit  to  r«liev«  tJi«  iniutt* 
itiiilc  waiiia  of  the  troops  who,  from  uiia*oi<hbl«  enuta,  wtn-  in  cuii> 
>)d«ral>ll^  armtn,  li^  mtiTed  apinBt  tbe  tn^my  with  bto  iMUil  prtwupti- 
ludr  and  erlerilj,  and  jninuMl  ihcfD  lo  cIomIj,  aa  compelled  ihem  (o 
Ukv  n-rage  in  the  lAbore  icrritories,  at  do  gnax  dnianre  from  lliu 
iMnka  of  th«  lodu*.  In  this  long  and  bliguiiig  marrh  Lord  Lak«  irs- 
rrrwd  iiMriy  ihe  wbolt  of  ibe  Punjab,  a  country  hitherto  vnj  IBijirr- 
fi!cily  known  lo  Uie  Eaglitli.  Holcar  now  nnl  for  pncts  whkh  wu 
moHudod  by  Lord  Lake  in  Fvhranry  IMS. 

From  llii«  period  until  hii  lonUhij>  IrA  Indin,  in  Fvbmary,  1807, 
Lord  Lnki;  vita  Miecem\vr\y  rni)>ioycd  in  comnlrtinfc  all  ibe  vsrioitt 
amngroMiiis  conntytril  with  the  dirtributioa  of  the  army,  llu  rrdu«- 
IMM  of  the  irrcgoUr  troop*,  niid  the  final  M'Kh'mmt  anil  Mvwrity  of  our 
tnvalaablc  c»«(|iint«.  Ha  drparlure  from  India  «rai  accompauinJ  by 
the  rrgrrt  Ixilh  of  the  Rurapran  and  nalirr  ieliabitmita  of  Bc-Dj:al,  and 
by  llie  most  public  leitltnoouU  of  iT«pccl,  eatfcio,  and  gratitude.  He 
arrived  in  Eoglaiid  in  lli*  (oltuwio^  Sirpli^niber,  niter  an  aWnce  of 
tvtu  ynn,  and  wa*  rmivcd  by  hu  kiug  and  cuuniry  with  that  altca* 
tiOH  kl«  emineal  acrviiws  m  wvll-ikR-n  cd.  Whvn  tlie  mult  of  the 
CtBpalgB  of  IS03-I  was  known  in  Ea)tl>»<'i  l-<"^'  1^^  reoeit^d  the 
thank*  of  jiariiameiil  lor  his  itmicai ;  and  hii  inuJMly,  lo  nkarfc  the 
high  wot^  which  hi-  <^nlvi1aiued  of  General  Lake's  iiirrilorious  coudu«t, 
n«  well  a*  lo  comttM-morale  the  rt«ollection  of  iho*e  glorious  achiece- 
■nmi*.  rmied  him  n  |{riii«b  baron,  by  lh«  title  of  Lord  Lakr,  of  Delhi 
and  Laiwarre  i  and  won  after  hb  rcttirn  to  Europe  raiaed  him  to  the 
dignity  of  a  viKouot.  and  mnferred  on  him  tli«  j^renimeflt  ot  P\y 
moaik.  Thna  dirttngnbfaed  by  hia  tuvervi^ii,  lH-Iu<rcd  by  hit  frirndi, 
and  mjoying  tb«  Mtecm  and  confidence  of  a  Krat^^ul  duimi,  em-  Jhn 
to  the  nterii*  of  llraae  who  ttm  it  witli  k«I  and  6de4ity,  no  man  ever 
l>ad  a  ftirer  proapect  of  paaaing  maoy  yenn  of  unclouded  kipptnta*. 
Bill  M«rccly  had  Iw  begun  to  Mate  iliv  *wc«ls  of  repow  In  lh«  boaooi 
of  hi*  family,  when  It  plennd  Proviitence  to  Icnninate  hia  valnaUe  lil^ 
DO  tJie  XlU  oT  February.  1806,  aacr  a  kliorl  lllne«a. 

Vrw  man  rvvr  were  ttidowrd  with  quail ftcotiom  calculated  to  fomi 
an  abin  caOMnndvr  in  n  Mperior  ik^m  lo  Lord  Lake.  To  JndgBMM 
and  qntcknnt  of  Mnenption  he  unileil  undaunted  courage,  great  d^ 
culun.  and  uncommon  capaUlity  of  undergoing  fatigue.  He  poweeaed 
ill  an  eminent  d«gR«  tJir  art  at  ooncilialliig  ifM*  eonOdcncv  and  atlAob- 
nunt  of  thoH  mdcr  bb  eamniond.  Hi*  uowcaried  kiadncat  and  nn- 
rruiitllni;  auvnlkm  lo  penmMe  ibe  comforti  of  tlio  Mklier.  and  the  con- 
•tant  npoMiro  of  hi*  iwrwn  tn  the  mnbt  of  daagvr,  won  the  hcnUi  of 
the  army,  and  KCuri^  iheir  aitachnirnt  Hii  integrity  ww  in»r- 
rupiiMei  and  although  hh  aitiiation  in  India  offrrcd  nnm«r<Dai  o<0»io«a 
to  brmfll  hu  fortani*.  at  •  ilight  McriKee  of  the  ilitrrrat  of  tilv  pnbltc, 
in  00  one  loAkoce  did  he  ever  ataiii  hi*  bimoar,  or  bartrr  hi*  fair  fankv 
Kir  weallb.  Al  lhi>  time,  loo,  be  wa«  Ulioiiring  under  gfvwl  (■-■■uiiury 
rinlHirraoiHrutn,  from  whifh  hi-  Would  not  have  bren  coniptili'ly  n-. 
brrrd  whrn  hi'  rrturord  tn  Fiiglari(|,  ir  it  huil  not  bmi  fur  the  priar- 
tnonnr  which  b»  vdiiur  had  gaiiiMl.  ■inouiiliiiK.  in  ibe  wbulr,  to  nbout 
£.JiCt,O00.     In  pnvBie  lilt'  bia  pleMing  oMBnera,  and  bi*  mdd  and  geo- 


Ann.) 


CAVKSIDTSil,  BUKI  Or  rtHtTLAKD. 


0) 


trout  virlun,  rnguftctl  and M%ur«d  lli«  affcctkni  of  liii  inimcrmi*  frieixUi 
whUtt  they  iuiligaU>>J  all  penoital  aiiiino*i6e«,  antl  cvni  a»un|;ml  ihote 
liltle  irritallciii*  ubicli  lurc  tiMi>p«niblc  frooi  iImi  iolcrroor**  of  locJal 


C>it)rntit0b»  Bulu  oC  ^ortltinD. 


MkH  *.  B.  1731^— Uiui  A.  ■>.  1809. 


William  lltnKy  Cavbmpish  Bkhtimck.  tbtnl  duko  aixl  fourth 
ewl  of  Poftlaail,  wa*  bom  tii  1738.  Wbcn  iiun|iKH  uf  Tild>ritrUI.  he 
wa«  KTot  to  OxIbnI.  auU  enlL-rvd  of  Cbrnt'churcii.  In  I7b6  bi?  rcciW 
publti-lf  Mime  En^lUli  vcrM«  (D  aucb  a  miuiiier  u  to  attract  uolicv. 
On  tli«  lit  of  Fvbniary,  17&7,  hv  ubuiiitil  tbi!  ilefjve  of  M.  A.; 
ud  totae  timt?  uArTwanb  proowded  D.C.L.  After  finiabiiitt  1>U  vilii- 
ooliou  I.onl  TilL-titk-ld  «raa  Mnl  abroad,  in  cani|)any  wilb  bin  oiily 
bmtlier.  Lord  Edward  Deiitiuek-  lu  eoBlbraiity  ta  tbi.-  c«l^li«bL-d 
«lK|iM>tto  of  tbal  day  tbey  mad«  Ibe  grand  lour,  and  Muii  aAcr  Ilivir 
rclum  home  both  liM-ame  member*  of  pariiiinivnt.  The  nianjutuit 
•cn-i:d  (or  Wcobly  in  lirrirfwilvliirf.  n  borough  Mppowd  lo  be  then 
•omcubnt  uodrT  the  iiifluriivi!  of  lh<^  family;  whilf  lAtrd  I^daanl  wan 
clMtcd,  lirvl  for  llio  chy  of  Carlt>l(-,  luid  aftrrvardx  wu  iioiniitatrd  a 
iuiinht  of  tbc  »fairr  for  tbo  county  of  Noltiiif[hain. 

Lord  TildifUJd  tat  but  a  &'»  monthf  at  n  coiumoovri  for  hi*  father, 
titt  duke  of  I'ortlntid,  died  *ooa  after  he  link  his  wal,  aud  wc  n«cotiJ- 
lufcly  IiimI  a  iitrw  writ  iaHU<(!].  Jsno  6tb,  I7t):i.  FtPin  tlio  inoiiipnl  thai 
Iw  ira*  admitted  to  hi*  ical  among  tbe  \titn,  the  new  duk«  of  PoflUnd 
—who  by  that  time  bod  ntlained  the  Iwiiily-tbtirth  yvar  of  lii*  age— 
Umk  an  nrlive  part  in  ibr  proc«<(tingi<  nf^tbc  hotiM',  and  tccmvd  deairMis 
both  of  tantiiig  and  of  dewrring  popularity.  Ilu  Mtato  wa*  not  largCi 
being  ftituumboml  with  nn  immniM^  jointuro  to  bU  motlicr,  the  dowager. 
Thi*  cimiiD*taiicc  obliged  faim  to  hare  rrcourse,  carty  in  lifci  to  cupr- 
■lieaic  for  raiaing  moa<y  ahieh  oncumbcivd  hi*  fortune,  crippled  hi* 
iadafwmlMi^e.  ntid  i*  *u)>poM^  to  have  iuducrd  him  wddculy  and  ur> 
npMtctliy  to  alter  the  njiok  Iciior  of  hi*  (loliliool  cooduel. 

In  1768  hi*  grace  (caie  an  rarly  proagc  of  bi*  palriotum  by  a  Ureuu- 
ou*  oppoMtion  lo  tlie  eyd('r-bill,^.a  ncature  whicli  wo*  enitcDderMl 
duiiiif;  tlie  carl  of  Bule'i  adimiiiilralion,  aad  brought  in  by  a  chaDtvlltir 
ul'  the  csdii-quL-r,  BU|)fHm-il  t»  be  but  liute  coB*er»aut  in  matten  of - 
fi<iaii«e.  He  ufierwanla  eiitervd  hi*  protnt  against  Uiat  ntoaaurc,  which 
«u  too  unpopular  lo  be  (lerM'rM'ed  in,  a*  it  ioirodawd  tlie  «sctfc-luw 
into  the  bani  and  cellar  of  every  lamer  in  ibr  kingdom  wIm>  mode  uae 
ui  the  jnkr  of  hb  ewo  appi**.  On  the  proef«diiigs  ngain*!  Mr  Witkes, 
hii,  Iha  tiukr  joJHed  willi  the  oppDWtion.  lit*  grace  eanoaclcd  liiiiuelf 
with  Ibr  marcfucta  of  Rockii^baM.  and  Joinrd  wilb  that  nolilcmau  in 
laUtJBg  down,  and  writing  <k>wn,  two  diffsrvnt  admtBMlratfoo*.  At 
lenglli.  in  IrCo,  io  conwiquence  of  a  chaugo  in  lli«  minUtry,  the  duke 
accepted  oT  eiuploynicnt :  b«t  on  Ihia  occa«kia,  u  k-ust,  llwre  was  no 
wnpromiM!  of  principle.     I'bc  plaeo  occupied  by  luni  woa  that  of  Ivrd- 

'  Akiilgwl  frnffl  a  Mnmrtr  of  Itori  t^k*  m  ih>  ■  tanf—  Ui^imit,'  «dL  jiii 


OS 


rotmcAt.  aiJtiE*. 


[Ni* 


chunberiUD  of  Ibe  houehoM.  %a  ufHw  or  hoiiuor  ntiiL-r  lliim  of  itv&t : 
and  be  tetained  it  bat  &  few  ataBlbf,  having  gone  oiiti  oFi  id  plua 
ElKlbh,  bM'ii  (ern^  oul.  in  conjunctioo  will)  his  oollci^im. 

On  the  Ml  of  N'ovcmlx-r,  1706,  hie  gnee  niarripd  Lady  Dorothy 
Cvrtfldbh,  daoghttr  of  Willimn,  the  laic  dukr  of  IX  Tonthirr,  by  whoiu 
bo  bad  Ibar  coiu  and  two  Uaughtrr*.  By  thi«  union  he  bcc-uno  con- 
iH^lfd  with  uratbcr  whic  lamily,  nbich.  like  hi*  own,  bod  brcn  zcnloti* 
itt  tbn  Rcvolntion,  and  ilill  clicruhcd  th'T  principles,  undif  a  new 
dynatty,  that  led  to  ibnl  gn^t  and  brtonalc  cvcnL  From  thb  jwriud, 
too,  Barliogloii-bouic,  lu  Piccadilly,  became  hb  town-nsideoce ;  and 
it  wa*  tbetv  wbure  alJ  ibe  phm  for  abating  the  alanning  indnenoe  vd 
ibc  crown, — cntbing  the  avowed  arrotcancn  <d'  mcc^aiire  mniiMcn,— • 
and  fhing  itrmgth.  iral,  and  effkltaej,  to  popular  MrntiawDtt— ir«ra 
baldird.  reared,  and  brouj^lil  lo  nauiriiy,  up  lo  liie  period  of  iJbe 
French  rcvolutioa. 

A*  porliaineutary  iuHuence  moat  always  be  a  grttkt  object  wUli  every 
one  wlio  aipim  to  bectHue  a  \taiier  of  a  |>any,  tJi«  subject  of  Uiii  ne- 
motr  having  property  in  Cumbcrtand,  lhou;-lit  a  Eair  oppoftanUy  pn- 
MBted  iMlf  of  awiltilig  two  or  liu  friuud*  in  their  prateiMioiia  to  be 
■t'Inmed  ita  ko'iglila  of  the  sliire,  and  he  accordi[i{;ly  supported  Henry 
Curwen,  E»<)-,  a  geiiilemaii  of  for(uu«,  aod  Htriirj'  FIcicbtr,  Etq^  an 
Ej»(  India  director,  and  afterwards  a  barooet.  1  hia  of  coorte  gave 
great  uiubnge  lo  (lie  late  Sir  Jamet  IfOwtker,  afterwardt  eari  of  L«w- 
dale,  who  to  great  opalence  united  a  daring  «piril.  and,  in  addition  to 
both,  was  aoa-in-lav  of  the  earl  of  Bute.  A  long,  t  iolent,  and  rapro- 
(ivo  contMt  OMWdin^y  took  place;  and,  ahbougL  the  faaronet  found 
meaiM  to  be  ntuiiied,  yrt  be  wm  declared  unduly  elected  by  s  com* 
wlllee  of  Ike  bouM  and  the  two  other  candidaln  were  left  (or  tbat 
paHtaawM,  at  leaat,  in  the  quwt  pomemoa  of  their  »cat5.  In  the  montb 
of  Deomber,  17S7,  a  grant  wa»  inade  by  ibe  lord*  of  tbe  treasury  to 
Sir  JaflMft  Luwther,  of  an  estiuiaive  and  valuable  e«tate  known  by  tbe 
nnnir  of  Inglvwood  forest,  being  appurienaol  to  the  manor  of  i'enritb. 
In  tlie  cuutiiy  ulmdy  nienlioued.  To  ihit  w«i  added  the  peeng*  of 
Carlttlc.  granted  by  King  WilJiam  III.  to  hii  favouriie,  the  firat  earl  of 
Ponland,  by  way  of  rruuflemtioB  for  hia  (erviceai  and  which,  whclhi-r 
iTonhily  bntowcd  or  not,  had  littbertu  been  coMHlercd  a*  an  iiihcri* 
loncc  deaecnding  regularly  froB  bthcr  to  mo,  through  tevrral  gcMra- 
liona.  Every  ibing  on  (hb  occaMon  waa  ouoducted  with  all  the  doc 
fornu  of  uflice.  Sir  Jamra  Lowther,  by  raenxjirMl,  prayed  a  Icaae  of 
the  Limb  in  <|ueaiieB,  and  nn  a  reference  to  the  Mirveyor-gcBtnl,  that 
genticmaa,  ahboagb  no  lawyer,  was  aboat  lo  tkcidr,  ■'  that  (bo  pmnbe* 
<*crtt  itot  coiBpiyi  d  within  the  grant  froai  King  Williniu  (o  tbe  c*ri  of 
Porllaiid,  bnl  remained  utill  vritn]  in  tbe  crown."  He  concluded  a 
inoM  claboiralc  ri')K>ri,  by  rreoinnu-nding  to  the  lord*  of  tlie  (rcaaury  lo 
grant  the  Icax-  iti-inaiiflol,  ai  ii  vrfy  iucMinideraUa  reaorved  rent. 
Tbrae  proceeding*  were  at  hugtb  ducloMd,  and  (bit  InuBt  bi  poMw 
«ian  adopted  tbe  aicMwry  Mvp*  to  ccnntcnct  aueb  a  compirwcy  agalnM 
bb  fortune.  Hb  aganUi  boveeer,  were  reAued  permiMion  (o  cumins 
ibe  loiU  on  wkivh  iba  report  wa>  *u|ipa*ad  lo  haw  bum  fouwied,  awl 
h«  hlmaelf  waa  riftrred  Auni  Whid-faall  lo  llie  ■nrveyor'*  oilier,  and 
Jruui  Ike  larvcjur'a  office  lo  Whitehall  i  in  liiM-,  iIh-  whuU'  nju  iiitulvtil 
in  arcreey  and  n|witv<«tfa)a.     At  tenfth,  notwttlMliuiding  a  poutiva 


Pikinu.l 


CAVSHDIXII,  DUKCOP  roBTLAND. 


* 


¥ 


pruviiiH.-  tlul  uultiiiif-  sliouM  Ix:  diTJitr^  niihout  uifuc  lieuriiig,  llieiluke 
n-Ec-ited  BO  otRdul  IpIUt.  cIuU-iI  December  'iid,  1767,  inliiiukttiig  lliat 
Ihe  graiiU  neiv  pMMd  and  le«Ma  ugned.  On  Lord  Nortb,  wlio  bad 
just  become  chancellor  of  the  escliequer,  beiDg  TentorMtrated  wiib  oti 
ibH  occasion,  he  n?]>IJ«4t,  *'  Tbnt  he  hwl  recrWcd  dir«ction»  to  nffix  the 
•eat  iatlantrr,  anil  thai  he  w*t  compelled,  in  virtue  of  hi*  nflice,  to  obeir 
all  order*  from  the  Ircniiury  board,"  The  duke  appeitleil  lo  thu  law, 
and  on  the  !20th  of  N'ovembcr,  1771,  tbia  great  caiiM'.  which  bad  aroiurd 
th«  indigiMllon  of  Uiv  uhole  county  of  Cumberland,  wod  tried  bi'ltiTc 
Uie  baroa*  of  llu!  exchequer  in  Wcstisinitcr-hiUl:  but  it  n-ai  f^cnily 
nBTTOved,  io  us  to  aMnmclfce  Ibnn  *iid  iiul»iane<-orth<;h>ilaH'iri]{  qiicn. 
tion:  "  Whether  tlic  late  gnuit  of  the  forr»t  of  In^lrwood  lu  Sir  Junia 
Lowthrr,  Bart,  was  Legal  or  not?"  Tire  ejrl  of  RomIvh,  thtri  Mr 
Vi'MldirburiM:,  WHS  t^otms-jl  for  the  crown,  and  Mr  Tliiirtow,  aftcniard* 
Baiuii  Tliurtow  and  chanci-Uur,  It-d  (or  tlit  duke  of  Porlluud.  Afti-r  a 
long  triul  the  uuw  loM-s  wcTv  adjudged  lo  be  tnialid,  as  b«iiig  iu  direct 
opposition  to  tli«  Ualuk-  of  tlie  Ul  Anne,  declaring  "lli4it  upuu  evi^ry 
gnuit  from  the  eroiwo  Iherv  ^laJI  be  a  rewrrvi-d  rent,  not  leu  than  the 
third  part  of  the  clear  )-early  value  of  such  manor,  eaute,  &c-  a»  Blial) 
lie  cotilalont  in  nuch  grnnt." 

During  the  whok  of  the  AuM^ricsii  conteat  the  duke  nroa  Ctnioently 
coDMsteirt,  exhibiting  on  all  oeeiuioni  a  ilcgrti-'  of  <iniin<-Mi,  zeal,  nnd 
reMlulion  tbat  obtained  for  him  the  conlidenec  of  tbc  ofipiuilion  of  that 
<U3-.  Uiidc-T  the  brief  udntiuiftraiion  of  the  marqaeaa  of  Kockiiighain 
be  was  upjtointcd,  in  17HZ,  lo  the  office  of  lord-lieu  tenant  of  Imlaiidi 
which  he  resifpied  on  the  l&th  of  September  in  the  tame  yvnr,  tu  con* 
■etjuencc  of  tlic  death  of  Ihc  premier.  He  i«  perhnpa  the  only  lord- 
lioutenaitt  irith  whom  the  lri*h  people  nerc  »o  complcti^ly  plra>cd  ait  to 
be  eager  (o  drag  him  to  the  parliament- houie,  which  th^y  were,  indeed, 
only  prevented  froin  aooompliiliirig  by  the  iuterrentioa  of  the  hortc- 
guard*. 

Oil  the  5th  of  April,  I7B3,  he  bccniuc  fir*t  lord  of  the  treaniry,  in 
■he  memuTabk  coal i lion. mi niitry  of  which  Fox  won  cirtually  the  head, 
and  aucceeded  to  ihi-  );o(rmmvut  of  an  exa!i|ieral(.-d  people  while  llie 
rahinet  was  M  divided,  by  the  LortU  N'unh.Carliiili-,  and  Stonnoul  beiiiR 

K'nceil  in  oppoiiiiua  tu  Lord  Kcppel,  Lord  John  Cavendish,  and  Mr 
OX)  M  an  great  coiutiiutioiial  cguutiuiki,  tiMt  nothing  could  be  ciTi-cteii, 
Miliar  kenouTable  to  ihemtclvrs  or  advantagcuiu  to  the  country-  Ac* 
ranRogly  thii  ill-lated  »)iip  nod  ill-as«orted  crew  rao  aground  on  ihv 
Kiwt  India  bill.  Tlii>  i-vvnt  brought  Mr  Pitt  ou  tliv  atage,  as  a  priii> 
iripal  nclor,  lor  he  hod  hiihfrtooaly  exhibitol  tnaanbordinaic  capacity. 
Atlhougb  young  in  point  of  year*  it  woa  mmh  Men  that  he  woa  calcu- 
laii-d  "to  teach  the  boaiy  Nuwid ion  guile."  and  accordingly,  in  a  nego- 
lintioii  for  power,  during  which  lie  declined  to  di^iond  Iruni  bi>  ni-w 
appointtniuit.  bn  tir^t  oiitM  ilti^  the  duko  of  Portland,  and  then  tbe  houw: 
of  coninMua,  llu-  Uller  of  which  wa*  diawlvrd.  In  rcvviige,  the  duke, 
whose  coiiilour  and  wfawe  vrrodty  had  remained  un impeached,  ii  a*- 
M-rt«d  to  have  declared,  in  the  moat  nne()uieoeal  tuaancr,  lltat  be  "  would 
never  dt  in  tbc  aaoie  cabinet  aiih  lhi>  yuuikful  staleoman  I '  The  duke 
of  PonUod  ap|H<ara  not  tu  havi-  ukeu  auy  active  {lort  on  Mr  Muatiiiga' 
Irit),  He  ifoublk«)  at  fir>t  ayrvcil  nilb  his  frieixU  in  the  proptii-ly  i)f 
that  measure,  but  did  mM  vote  un  aiij  uf  llic  eharffi-*.     I)y  the  time  it 


M  rOLIIICAL  tCBICS.  lUlMTU 

was  fioally  eoadiMled  be  **•  eslrwiged  from  the  put;  *iik  which  lie 
bad  hitkerto  aetcd,  althocgh  donbtleM  antUd  dovr  than  c*er  with  Mr 
Bmrke,  the  original  aolfcor  aad  prime  morer  of  that  meaMrc  la  rc- 
ifieet  to  the  proceedioga  of  parliaBeDt  in  the  great  qaertioa  of  Ike  re- 
fftitcft  bi>  gi^ce  «■•  more  iBtimatdy  eonneeted  with  ihe  reaak ;  but 
r*«n  then  be  does  Dot  appear  to  have  wpokta  onet.  On  Wednesday, 
Dpneaber  3d,  1 788,  be  was  ooe  of  the  priTy-eooBciUors  SMatHODed  to 
hear  and  lake  into  eonsidesatioa  tbc  report  of  the  phjsieiaBS  idalire  to 
the  Mate  of  bis  majesty's  beaJtb ;  be  was  also  one  of  the  Iwenty-ooe 
peers  selected  by  the  bouse  of  lords  to  brm  a  committee  for  Ike  same 
paqwse ;  aad  one  of  the  siity-six,  two  of  whom  were  of  the  bk>od>R)yal, 
that  dirided  in  bvoor  of  Ltml  &Ioin's  ameftdment.  He,  kowerer,  did 
Dot  subscribe  the  protest  to  which  two  princes  of  tke  blood  had  aSied 
their  nanm,  together  with  forty-seven  other  peers;  yet,  oa  tke  23d  of 
January,  1789,  we  find  the  duke's  name  in  the  list  of  those  who  were 
'dissentient'  to  the  report  of  the  committee. 

When  the  French  revolution  broke  ont  the  duke  seceded,  with  Barfcc 
and  others,  from  his  party,  and  did  all  in  bis  power  to  Mreagthen  Uie 
gOTcmment.  It  has  beeu  said,  that  during  a  debate,  when  one  of  his 
grace'*  near  relatives  cent  a  note  to  Burlin^n- house  tor  instruction^ 
in  consequence  i^  the  sudden  hostility  of  Fok  and  Burke,  which  was 
£rst  publicly  declared  that  evening,  the  reply  was,  "  Follow  Foa."  Yet 
some  circarostaoces  had  occurred  that  raised  suspicion  Ulterior  to  this. 
The  duke  of  Portland,  on  the  5th  of  August,  179i,  succeeded  the  earl 
of  Guilford  as  chancellor  of  the  university  of  Oxford  without  so  much 
as  a  struggle,  although  the  influence  of  the  minister  was  supposed  to 
be  very  great  among  the  members  of  that  learned  body.  In  the  coarse 
of  a  short  time,  however,  what  was  only  suspicion  became  certainly,  for 
Lord  Loughborough  baring  accepted  of  the  seals  in  1798,  the  duke  of 
Pottknd,  ou  the  Ilth  of  July,  1794,  was  gazetted  secretary  of  state  lor 
the  home- department. 

No  sooner  was  his  political  alliance  with  Mr  Pitt  made  known  tkao 
the  duke's  popularity  evaporated  in  consequence  of  the  outcry  of  his 
quondam  associates,  and  the  man  in  whose  prmse  the  tongues  <rf  half  a 
nation  had  but  recently  vibrated,  no  longer  received  any  homage  but 
from  his  own  immediate  friends  and  dependents. 

In  1801,  finding  bis  health  decline,  he  resigned  the  office  of  secretary 
and  acted  m  president  of  the  council  until  1805, — a  situation  in  which 
lem  labour  and  application  were  required.  On  the  fbrmatioo  of  the 
Foi  and  GrenviUe  administratitMi  his  grace  thought  fit  to  withdraw,  as 
be  had  not  Ibr  some  time  been  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  Mr  Foi. 
After  the  death  of  that  gentleman,  and  the  sudden  diamissioo  of  hb 
colleagues,  in  consequence  of  a  supposed  attempt  to  restore  their  civil 
and  ecdesuutical  privil^es  to  the  Irish  nation,  bis  grace  oace  more 
appeared  on  the  scene,  and  that  too  in  an  official  character,  notwilh- 
standing  bis  declining  years  and  infirmities.  In  1807,  under  the  name 
vT first  lord  of  the  treasury,  he  became  ostGoaible  minisieri'  but  as  be 
was  for  the  most  part  unable  to  attend,  the  parliamentary  part  of  the 
business  was  conducted  by  Mr  Percival  in  one  bouse  aiKl  Lord  Liver- 

'  nil  anmiiUMal  vtcltad  grast  tidlnile  and  diicoDMat;  Ibe  praoiar  m*  caii- 
ritund  u  ■  btock  at  Portlsair  (toM.  anln*l  wUrh  tb«  oniMsitiaa  SMben  wv* 
bnaklH  tbMi  Man. 


hiind.l 


nriLtl-tW  WIMOHAW. 


«s 


pool  in  anollirr-  At  li-nglli,  i»l\fr  x  u-\<-ie  i>lrii^|i-  willi  iliMtMr,  lit« 
grin:  ilclrmiinrd  to  rrtixc  wliully  rpam  tlic  politioJ  world  ;  ihh  wa* 
AMordiaKlj-  cOuctnl  in  the  autumn  of  1609,  ■nil  but  a  (ck  wrcks  knle- 
rlor  lo  bU  iluiuise,  wfaicli  look  place  iu  tfai:  72(1  year  of  hi*  age. 


CQUItiim  JESIinDfiain. 


•OIK  t..tt.  nS0.—Wia  »,a.  1810. 


William  Wikdram,  kid  of  Colonel  Windham  of  Folbrij^,  w** 
born  ill  lli«  rear  I7M>.  From  the  a-;i-  of  »vrvu  to  siit«-ii  lie  was  nt 
EtoB  Mrhool :  Ih^itcir  lie  went  lo  llir  uni««niij/  of  Glasgow  for  one  ji-ar, 
abd  froni  therm  to  Oxfon)  a*  a  geiitloman-roniiuon«r  of  utitventty 
poll«^e.  Hv  leA  Oxford  in  1771,  but  did  not  receive  bii  degree*  of 
M.  A.  and  LUD.  till  17K.1  and  1793.  He  next  TWted  tli«  conttnent, 
BDri  «nul<t  nfk<;rwnnl*  IuT4>  gone  on  a  Toynge>  of  ili«C07er)'  lo  the  north 
pole  villi  Commodore  H1iipp«,  had  not  the  iipTrrity  of  hit  »««-tickiieM 
beefl  *ueb  as  to  compel  him  lo  land  on  the  coast  of  Norway. 

Hit  fim  euay  in  puUie  aflUn  occurred  on  (he  fiSth  of  Jaaanry, 
1770,  at  a  me^-tinf;  of  geotleuieti  Iwld  M  Norwich  lo  comider  of  a  >ub- 
BCri]i<ioi)  ut  aid  of  j^vertiment,  in  proaecotlng  the  trar  then  existing 
viih  llie  coloniea.  The  speech  he  pronounced  on  this  occasion  hat 
been  preaerred  ;  and  "  thouj'h,''  his  biographer  olwervei,  "  it  muM  not 
be  compared  with  later  specimens  of  his  eloquence,  it  may  be  adniiited 
to  exhibit  lome  proo&  of  aeuienesa,  dexterity,  and  »ij(our." 

We  next  find  Mr  Wiodliatii  in  the  character  of  an  officer  in  th« 
wmern  battatioo  of  Vortulk  militia.  Mis  miliury  caretrr  woa  abruptly 
and  ino*t  slnpilarly  termiaated.  It  happened  on  n  march,  that  impra- 
denlly,  and  id  a  sort  of  frolic,  be  joined  two  btoiber-olficeni  in  ridinf; 
ihrougfi  a  deep  rivulet,  after  whleh  ibey  were  ut>li>;ed  to  keep  on  ibeir 
wet  dotbca  tor  tcveral  hours.  The  c«n(e«[uence*  of  ihia  adveiiture 
were  btal  to  one  of  the  party ;  « hlle  Mr  Windham  was  thrown  into  it 
hver  of  a  moat  alamiing  kind,  from  the  cfTrcts  of  which  his  coottila- 
lion  never  tboroagbly  recovered.  He  liveil  from  Ihix  time  mncli  in  town, 
and  connected  himself  with  rome  of  the  mort  eoiiortit  political  and  lite- 
tary  men  of  the  day.  IVfbre  making  a  second  tour  to  the  ooolinent, 
he  had  heeimie  n  member  of  the  cclebmiod  literary  clulx.  On  his  re- 
turn, he  rcoien  led  hid  frii-iiilihip  vrith  the  leading  members  of  thnlwocicity, 
and  mo«T  pnrtieulnrly  with  il>  tno  most  dtttingniihoil  omameiit*,  l>r 
Jotinsoa  and  Mr  Burke.  'I'bc  foitntir  appears  to  have  felt  the  Munc 
Kcotinieiila  of  frieiKUhij)  an<l  esteem  for  Windham,  that  Windham  fell 
fur  him;  and  this  b  rUuriralnl  by  ooi-  of  his  letters  printed  by  Boawell. 
ad^lrened  lo  Dr  Brocklrshy,  in  which  JohoMO  says,  "  Mr  Wimdiani 
has  beet]  here  to  see  me :  he  ramr  I  think  furty  miiea  out  of  his  way, 
■lid  staid  about  a  day  and  a  half;  pcrliain  I  may  make  the  time  shoner 
Ihnn  it  was.  Such  conversation  I  shall  not  have  agail)  till  1  come 
hack  to  the  regions  of  literature,  and  there  Windham  is  'inter  UcUa* 
/una  miiMfr*,'"  Mr  Windliam's  nibi-f  connection*  about  this  lime, 
nf  a  political  nature,  were  the  leader*  of  the  oppoMtioti.  In  1783  he 
became  chief  secretary  to  the  earl  of  NorlhamptOD,  tord-lieiili-iuui  of 


9S 


poLitirAL  nmis. 


tif"*" 


Irrlnod;  bring  b-^rl'iil  lie  iliaukl  (ki\  in  liU  new  litnoliun,  froni  thr 
ilonbu  he  cntcTtninril  wEiMlwr  hr  coa\tl  dncmd  to  praclisr  Uie  aru 
luppoocil  to  hr  nccnaarjr  in  luch  cauva,  Dr  JoIiiimki  tneoonycil  bim 
b;  M}in^,  "  Doii't  be  Arraiil,  Sir.  you  will  mmb  nukif  ■  vrr)-  ftvOy 
lOiical.'  Tbb  liuraorous  aMorauoe  was  Ul-fbui>dcd  :  aod  it  u  f^fiwnRy 
adraitlnl,  that  iMr  Windliam't  rrtigMtioD,  within  bar  inunthi*,  origi- 
iiatt-d  rroni  the  iiiMt  bonourablv  motive*.  In  1793  b«  attached  biiD- 
■f  If  Ut  BurkeV  part;.  Soon  after  be  went  on  a  idImiod  to  tbu  duke  of 
York,  tbtn  coniniBiiding  our  fi»r«!ci  in  Handcfr.  The  following  riiract 
■1  fron  a  pleuing  letter  lo  bi>  nixtvr-indaw  Mr*  Ltafctn,  tlated  near 
Dm*-lr<I>uc,  Septrrabcr  ISth.  1794. 

'■  We  are,  at  jou  nill  bavp  1c4nit<l  froin  one  of  nf  fbnocr  kUen. 
DcoT  Bui»-1e-0uc,  wbicb  in  ratbrr  a  large  town,  and  a  alrang  Ibttreaa 
twlongiag  to  tbr  Diitcfa.  About  tbrre  milra  front  thU  place  are  llie 
dnWa  kcad.<|iiirlrni,  luid  at  ftiur  or  five  niil<rs  fbrtJuT  ii  the  camp. 
Tbe  Isiiordinii'  pUro  of  my  n^dmcc  t*  ibc  village  wlirre  bead-qvartcra 
nrr,  nnd  1  am  Inclgtil  in  tbe  bouse  of  h  Dtiicli  altornc;.  The  coantry 
about  ia  lij;ht  and  tandy,  aftordiuf;  itiy  |>1i-aMiiil  rnli^  o-bieli  nrr  not 
tbe  lea*  M>  from  your  oocanionally  ncvtinf;  bodK-i  of  iroopi  of  diflV-niit 
ilrrtrj,  r>(abl>*liinritt*,  and  couittriw.  Tbe  i-arirty  iu  ihia  re*pcci  ia 
Dut  to  grMi  at  il  was  lait  }  car.  nor,  ftom  a  nambcr  of  circa mitunce*,  U 
the  KCDP  M  itilrrrsiinf;,  nflrr  allowin)^  even  for  ibe  iJiiri'ri.-oce  of  tt> 
not  being  accn,  an  lltut  «•*.  fur  the  (im  lime.  Tli<^  rtlii-f  wliidi  all  ihia 
ginv,  after  confinitnent  daring  th«  Himmcr  in  Looduu,  and  lo  tuch 
biwiim*  at  tbat  ul  the  war^offlce,  b  more  Ihan  you  mi  coiicvivr.  It 
ha*  given  me  a  new  tlock  of  bealtb ;  and  the  bt-auty  of  tbe  autuaiu 
tivomiu^t,  joined  lo  the  KODcrvl  kUcBeta  in  wbick  one  live*  by  nc<ew*ly, 
and  tberelorc  without  t«lf>Teproacb,  ban  given  roe  a  feeling  of  youlknil 
eiijoyRi<-nt.  bocU  at  I  now  bat  rarrly  know.  You  raonot  comei-ive  bow 
you  would  like  a  ride  bvre,  with  the  idea  thai  if  yoa  wondered  loo  <ar, 
and  wtot  beyond  the  oulpOkU,  you  might  be  tarried  off  by  n  Frrnch 
pairole.  It  tt  (he  enjoyaient  llMt  Ueor]:e  Patkuor  «a>  twppOMd  to 
deacribe  of  a  Keoe  neur  Dublin,  when.-  '  Uie  delighted  tpoctator  rx|iiKta 
•my  dkhmM  to  be  crvalied  by  the  impending  rock*.'  Were  pvUio 
bawBeat  oat  of  tbe  quMtkm,  I  tibould  atay  bcre  pfolialily  for  a  week  or 
(WO  longer :  but,  u  il  ■■,  my  *tay  tnvat  be  rrgiiUled  by  utlier  coiitideio:- 
(MMi*.  anil  il  it  probable  that  (he  uiruengrr  wboiu  we  are  wailing 
lix  impaiirntly,  nny  oecaMon  my  ilriMriun-  iniiuFdia(rly.  Tlie  gi-ticnl 
•lAto  of  (btng*  b  u  bad  a«  nc^  be.  Tbe  ibuulcn  in  your  part  of  Um 
wurld  iBtui  not  lopfMMr  that  tliey  have  all  the  tport  to  ilicmelrra-  S» 
Urnng  i>  the  lv*«  of  iiii*rbirf  among  men,  ibnl  nil  llir  nbcMiiing  of  ona 
iiiioiMT  ibai  ia  going  on  brrv,  doe*  not  mtviiiI  il»-ir  bllitig  up  ilM'ir  in* 
ti-ntal*  by  a  liliti'  niunlvr  of  |>ari ridge* 

During  ihia  iHp  to  tbe  ccHilinriit,  a  abiniural  nuvlaku  oeeurred  br- 
twrrn  Mr  Wiixlbam  and  a  Dulrb  clergyman.  T\tr  old  grndemau  wan 
)-Bgrr  in  hU  iauairiit  oa  (o  (be  doc(riaca  and  dltciplini-  of  iIm'  cburrli  of 
Knitloiid.  to  wbicb  be  recrlied  MtitCulory  anawrn :  tbote.  bo«r«rr, 
wen-  ■urceeiM  by  oibers  of  a  morediAGnU  mutiiv,  narticuUrly  at  (o 
tbe  maniM^  in  wliicli  mmiw  Englith  pre*cber«  niuiiiBctan'  tbetr  trr- 
moMi.  Lf(>oa  Mr  \Vin«lhan'>  coulrMing  hit  ignorance  of  thit  nibjed. 
tbe  Dnlchman  ia  a  lone  of  ditappointment  ticlaimFd,  "  Why  tlieu.  1 
ttml.  Sir,  tk^rt  all  the  eonvrration  we  hate  bad.  that  I  hare  l>r*n  de- 


nuott.] 


WILUAM  WtMSBAM. 


» 


ctirtA  ns  to  jronr  protenioii.    Thty  loUt  ne  yon  vtere  an  Gngliib  mill- 
i»lnr." 

On  iko  ilMxnic  nf  Piit  in  IrlOA,  lir  kgsiii  UMk  olfieei  an  M«relary>at- 
nar  unil  of  ihc  rolonir*,  niifa  Vo\  and  l^ord  GranvillR ;  on  llio  dUmiMil 
hn  rrUrord  to  the  nnlu  <>f  opposition,  vhirJi  h«  nrrnr  al^mrarda 
(|uiltr<L  (lb  dnih,  «liicli  occnrred  in  ihc  Mimmpr  of  IBIO,  «u*  oc- 
nuiioDrd  bv  ttiv  fnlloving  cirriimFlJiicp: — On  tlK^  Hth  of  July,  in  tlie 
prrcL'iling  year,  whilr  pR«iii)g  by  ihe  end  of  Caii(hiit>>(rcct,  iip  iBW  a 
iMMKfl  on  fiff,  iui<l  tninipdiAt«ly  proceeded  lomni*  iho  xpot,  to  rsMlan 
tli«  («lft«vra  nil  ibo  aMJatonoe  in  bi«  power.  Ho  fnunil  (hn  flano* 
ntpHlly  adnncntg  towards  the  mnfeiKa  of  tfa«  Honourable  Mr  North, 
wbuoc  valnnblR  library  he  de<«TViiaed  if  pOMJbte  to  mivc  t'roni  lli* 
(Ustruclion  viih  wliicli  it  ii-ft»  ilireatened.  He  Uboureil  at  tbc  tadc 
whicl)  be  bnd  thuB  iin|Ki*ci]  upon  liim^cir,  for  n  period  of  four  lioun, 
ilurii^  a  heavy  mio,  aitd  amid  (he  ptaying  oriminerouc  Rrr-rngin<«; 
and  hi«  cITorti  vrre  fo  KiiccrMful,  that  mntt  oftho  boolu  were  uvcd> 
Unrortonntely  tic  frlj  in  tiic  eoiirne  of  hi*  rvcrtion*  and  injured  bii  hip; 
but  took  no  oolioG  of  tbc  accident  until  an  indokot  encysted  tiiioour 
lull  been  formed.  Oo  conniltiug  hit  vurgieal  advitera,  he  found  thu  it 
wa*  iieccidary  for  bim  to  nulimit  (o  n  most  painful  and  dangcrou*  ope- 
ration.  The  tumour  woi  rvtuorc^tl  with  lui-'ce**,  on  tbi^  I7llt  of  May, 
1610,  but  unfavountblc  ■yniptmiu  toon  aflvrwordti  appnrt-d,  and  he 
cspiriH]  on  llic  4(b  of  the  followiit^  nionlb. 

liViudbaui  wiw  an  able,  honest,  and  indcbligable  sennlor:  CHpable  of 
brilliant  efforts  wheuev«t  li«  chow  to  exert  lunuelf,  and  always  com- 
inaudiiix  tb«  rc^tect  of  tbe  baiHfc  Hb  apectJica  inere  bold  and  musfu- 
liiK'.  The  foUovlng  it  «  tpwrnHtt  of  Lb  parltameiitaTy  oratory.  Hc 
W31  (peaking  of  the  Fgyplinn  rxpcdilion ;  "  Wholir  wnn,"  nnid  lie, 
*'  mignl  peas  ovc-r  williout  aflbnlin^  nn  oitportuiiiiy  of  fairly  inrosuriuK 
our  ttxenglh  aith  the  ci»cniy.  lliit  in  Egj'pl,  ibo  very  (ccoe  «MlBt4 
(u  ba  cImmcd  for  a  fair  trial  of  slrcnj^li ;  llic  lao  ttrinica *ccmMl  a*  it  nrcr« 
(u  bii  vilhdraaii  l'r»ni  tl>o  world.  Tlicy  were  tiuili  \e(i  williout  any 
utlfr  rtsourcv  thiui  tlint  which  th«'y  oould  draw  from  tlieir  own  courago 
and  diiciplioe  ;  ibey  bnd  no  attics  to  slinre  tJie  merit  of  victory,  or  bco/ 
Um  diMTaOf  of  da&iiL  Their  niotlo  scrnird  to  be  '  far  victi.''  and  all 
llicy  aiktA  «'a>  a  clear  sUgc  anil  no  Eavour.  Who  were  tlioac  that  i>« 
rooqacrcil?  Not  (irei^ki  or  Copts,  Batuviuns  or  Citolpines,  who  ban- 
be«ii  found  to  recruit  tboae  nrniiM  by  wbich  lh«y  have  been  cuMjucrcd : 
bat  tbe  Irird,  tli«  chowii,  tbe  bnt  troops  of  Francis :  we  were  coiilcml' 
inn  **"'■  ^^'^  priilc  and  glory  of  the  Ti-)>ubtie,  with  troops  whom  the 
French  theintclvn  would  have  choMn  a*  tlie  de<potitarie*  oflhrir  tnili> 
toty  chuaeter,  Ho  would  not  tay  that  iboaa  we  Wt  beatea  were  the 
beat  of  ihoou  troops  whu  hud  buen  fvn(  10  Egypt  i  but,  undoubtedly. 
Uat'ing  retnaaiiod  the  luii};est.  they  hod  more  of  ihni  cboraclcr  which  it 
•ttiipuaed  la  b«]on^  to  vetenuis.  We  know  wbnt  Itiey  thought  of  them* 
■eitta, — we  know  that  llx)'  boasted  that  tlney  would  dr*lruy  iin,  if  tbey 
OBoe  oaught  us  out  of  our  ship*  ;  but.  like  itie  yoong  an)  uutri«l  Or- 
badot  wr  ovrrthrew  (tie  ('S|)eni'nced  wmtler;  and  be  mitit  uy.  ikat 
vpoo  this  occasion  ve  had  f|>*<^n  ihcni  a  Rvwiaixl  for  on  Oliver,  lis 
wobU  My.  in  ibr  language  of  ttie  sanw  piece,  that  '  no  one  would  «n- 
trMt  lUm  to  another  tOMMMitar.'  lie  would  not  do  ibo  Freudi  iiruay 
HI    E([}pt  injustice:  be  did  not  dovlrt  but  that  tWy  would  ventura 

VII.  N 


lOLItlCAL  alBtU. 


(Km* 


■aotber  CBeountcT ;  ke  wovM  do*  nj  dial  IbrtBM  might  not  be  fanwr- 
able  (o  dieiB  id  it:  but  ibi*  h«  would  sajr.  tktt  Trofn  tbb  lime  Ibrlh  no 
Prvncli  snsjr  would  ever  meet  an  Eoglish  arniy  with  anjr  ihiog  like 
fc«liiig«  of  ronleutpt :  ihej  vould  know  Ibit  tliejr  could  not  rely  upon 
any  superiority  of  courage  or  di»«plioe.  He  Ibought  li«  bad  a  right  to 
urf;e  aU  i]ie«e  to  tbe  hooM  ■■  compeiMatioiu  for  oar  lOHea.  We  taigtit 
nitutn  uill  greater  ones ;  tbe  expedition — wbtcb  God  forbid— migbt  ■!- 
timaiely  fail  I  For  no  man  could  (8y  that  wc  were  oat  of  fcrtUBt's 
reach  -,  but  wtiaievcr  tbe  eTcnl  tnighl  be,  it  could  not  take  from  at  our 
glory ;  in  that  mpect  we  were  oat  oFtbe  iwch  or  cbaticc.  He  did  not 
urge  ibeM  emMidtntiofM  as  a  jiutiGcatioa  oT  tbe  coMluct  of  iiiini*l«n« 
but  M  iBipmitiaiw  Tor  tbe  Io*mc  wo  bad  nutanwd." 


Cat^httt,  lorli  Coningtuoob. 


Boax  A.  ».  l1M.—»iMO  a.  Dl  I8ia 

Tnis  gallant  admiral  and  good  nan  «a*  a  natirc  ot  Nc«ca*tl«-upoa- 
Tyac.  IIo  wa«  dncmdrd  m>Ri  a  most  rr*p««tabtc  and  Btie-icot  (antily. 
'*  lit*  nnmlor.  Sir  Culhbi^rl  Collingwood."  >ayi  a  writer  in  tbe  *  Quw^ 
letly  KeTiew,'  "  va*  oim  of  tbe  EnglUi  kaighu  taken  by  tbe  Scota  at 
■  hsi  was  called  the  tUid  of  tb*  ReidiwiiCi  and  he  m  aocordiiiglj  i 
tioned  in  the  *  Border  MinttrcEiy  :' — 

But  Ifjwa  aoald  a  mdUIw  Maich, 
Aaaof  thca  a'  w(f«  um  tkU  ti^ 

Wh  M**  ■•  WMlU*  U  pal  is  lOTM 

At  OnlU^prMd,  that  cooiMmm  knlgbl. 

Til*  Colliiigvoodi  »u(rrr«Yl  H-Terdy  firou  ibHr  4ettilfaM  to  tb*  cuue  of 
Clisrir*  I.,  and  wrrc  vuliMxiuenl^  deprtved  of  abnoat  ill  Ibeir  land  In 
OOoanjBeDC*  of  their  parlicijialion  in  the  UMurreciioD  of  1715,  wben 
Uw  brad  of  the  funily  was  taken  priAoner  and  put  lo  death,  like  bb 
(Hrnd  Lord  Derw ent water ;  who  b  made  to  nddnia  bloi.  In  tbe  ballad 
cmlled  •  Derwrntwaler'*  Good  Night,'  in  a  gallaat  tUasa,  which  ¥re  woB- 
d(T  the  pmcnt  writer  did  oot  quote : 

•  A>4  bn  thn  mil,  Omi|«  CglU^iienl. 
aiaa  hia  kM  put  «■  4c«b  ; 
iribM  anil  hat.  loM  «ur  that. 
Xlm  JiB«  hM  bM  U«  (Iowa.'  * 


Tbe  subject  of  tbe  pnacnt  notice  waa  bom  in  the  year  1750.  Al  ■ 
nty  wly  «g«  hit  genas  indicoU-d  a  ptopniiioii  Uwarda  a  Bantima 
life :  h«  was,  however,  continutd  at  ibe  gnmmar-acbMil  coaduded  bj 
ih«  Rev.  Mr  Moiaca  for  Uw  spaee  of  six  or  seven  yean.  In  the  year 
I7AI  he  eaientd  into  the  naval  aernce  of  his  country,  nailer  ctrrum- 
•lanrca  ptvciwiy  simiUr  to  tboaa  that  atle&dcd  ilic  deb&t  of  hii  frieod 
Lord  NaUoti :  w«  nean  that  ba  was  coasitjiml  to  ilic  prairciioo  and 
patronaga  of  bis  malcriMl  unck'  Captain— aAerwanl*  Admtral — Bnilb- 
waiie,  who  at  tbil  period  comnanded  the  Shaimon  ft^to,  wlH-reiii  be 
was  rated  as  a  laidabiptBBii :  In  which  titnalioa  on  board  tbe  Gibnhar 
«!•  Ilnd  bin  is  lb«  year  17M.    From  1797  to  1772  be  appcan  t»  kava 


PUIDP.] 


CUTIIBMIT,  LOKD  CatLIKOWOOD. 


brcn  mnilcr't  autn  or  the  l.iTcrpool ;  wliuiicc  lie  was  takra  into  tlie 
Ldinox,  iiiiikr  Ihr  cumiDiuid  of  Captain  RuiUluin.  by  wbDm  he  wu  re- 
cuaimcndcd  lu  Vice-ad  mini  Grave*,  and  aAvrwardtt  to  Vicc-aduiiraJ 
Str  Pi-trr  Pntkitr. 

He  lud  now  Ix^ca  thirlcm  j-cun  in  tliu  tt-rvicci  and  iii  a  maiii)i.-r  un- 
promolcd;  *o  lillle  did  the  rnM>uraficinciit  wbii:b  he  mat  witli  ul  ifac 
coinm«ii(N-Ricnt  of  Iii*  nauliol  aucer  ooutilen'sil  bi*  luenk  "Tbtre 
itfi"  buwcvcr,  "  a  lidc  tn  the  aflain  of  mt^D.'  Tli«  rullovtiiii;  year,  ilie 
American  war  having  commniMid,  he  was  njipoiuled  fuurih  lieuti^naul 
of  ibe  Somcrx't,  and  rrcctvnl  hi*  commiuion  llint  mviuoraljle  day  un 
«likli  wa*  fiiaght  lh«  batik  of  Biiuker'i-hill :  un  u«liuii  iu  which  he 
Wiu,  with  a  part}-  oricaincn,  cngngrd.  In  the  same  year.  Lieutenant 
Colling iroud  won  in  thn  Ilorntt  *loop-ot-war  ordered  tu  Jamaica;  (he 
Lowrstolfc  noon  *fttT  arriTrd  nt  the  lamo  xalion;  aud  here  his  friend- 
■liip  oilh  Selign,  who  won  then  trcond  lieutenant,  wa*  reuewcd.  Uii 
the  prontotioo  of  the  Intlrr  into  the  Bri>tol.  the  adinirul's  *hi|i, 
Lieutenant  CoUinjiirocHl  nuccccded  to  the  Lowntiitle;  and  when  tlic 
former  wun.  in  1773,  ndvanceil  fn>m  the  Badger  to  the  rank  of  posc- 
eaptain  in  the  Ilinchinbrnkr,  the  loiter  nu  loodc  master  and  eommunder 
in  tbe  Dodjeer:  and  OKsin,  upon  hii  promolioii  to  a  tii^er  ship,  Captain 
Collin{;wuod  won  niade  poit  in  the  tlinchinbrokc;  >o  tbut  in  ihe  gnida- 
tioDl  of  preferment  the  actirc  and  energetic  npiril  of  Colliugwood  »ecitu 
lo  hare  fblluired  the  Hi}:ht«  of  the  tuwerini;  gl^nium  of  NeUoo. 

In  1780  he  wu  employed  in  tlie  e^ipedition  «cnt  up  tbe  river  San 
Juan :  and,  being  supported  auainit  the  jieslileiitiat  climate  by  a  »trong 
conviilution,  vurvired  nioit  of  lit*  »bip'*  compcuij.  Captain  Nel«on, 
who  bad  been  promoled  to  a  larger  »hip,  caught,  (hougb  in  a  milder 
degree,  the  infection ;  but  Captain  Colliagwood,  wbnxr  firmer  eonatiiu- 
lion  had  retitted  many  attack*,  turvivcd  iao«t  of  bit  crew,  having,  tn 
four  oioiilli*,  buried  160  of  the  300  men  lltat  bad  cooipoMd  U.  In 
Dtcembor  fbUowing  b«  waa  appmoted  to  the  r[>niman<I  of  the  Pelican, 
ofSOnn;  Uioagb  hia  eootinuatice  in  thi*  ship  wn*  but  of  fhori  dura- 
tioa  i  Tor.  on  llie  lu  of  Augutt.  1781.  in  conteqaencc  of  one  of  thou 
bttrricanca  *o  fatal  to  the  We«t  Indiea,  which  bad  ragod  througb  the 
aigttl,  thU  reiael  was  wreeked  upon  Morant  quay.  Providcnco  a^in 
tnltrpOMNi  to  taic  tlie  live*  of  Captain  Collingwood  and  bia  ahip'*  oom- 
pony :  for,  when  day-li^bl  appeared,  tliey,  by  tbe  nwwlatica  of  nft«, 
which  the  danger  of  the  hour  led  them  to  construct  from  tmall  and 
bnikrn  yards,  &c.  got  on  shore,  and  ttpon  tlie  sandy-hllli  in  the  vicinity, 
almuat  without  (bod  or  water,  remaioed  ten  day*,  until  the  Diamond 
frigate,  nhleh  bad,  id  conieqiience  of  as  iniimatioD  of  their  dislreas, 
been  si-ni  ffoiD  Jamaica,  relieved  l)>em> 

The  next  appointment  of  Cjiptaxn  Collingwood  was  lo  the  eoDinuml 
of  tlie  Saupsoa.  of  64  gun*.  In  ibis  ship  h<'  served  until  tlie  peace  of 
I78S.  lie  WM,  however,  won  after  ofdcr<.-d  to  lake  the  command  of 
llie  Mediator,  aad  return  to  the  West  Indie*,  where  Im  ogaia  m«t  hii 
frieod  NclMtn,  who  at  thai  time  commanded  the  Borea*  frigate  on  th* 
same  station, — a  dreumstaaea  that  was  equally  agreeable  to  both.  Tb« 
friciiibbip  which  subuMod  between  these  two  young  men.  who  w«r« 
doiini-d  hen-after  to  aiako  m>  coniptcuoiu  a  ligurc  upon  tlic  great  the- 
atre of  naval  and  iialioBal  glory,  nppcatii  from  the  letter*  which  wera 
vrilten  during  this  period  by  Ncboo,  to  his  friend  Captaja  Locker. 


rOLITIClL  aBttlU. 


(NlVTtl 


In  OIK  oTiAiA,  dutMl  oa  bottrd  the  Soms,  Srptrmbrr  iMh,  llSi,  he 
ttftf  "  Colliniprooil  ■•  U  Grenada,  itLich  U  a  Rrmt  lout  to  m^,  for 
tbcri!  u  nobixly  (bat  I  can  mmLv  ■  c«stkkot  oL"  In  kootber,  dated 
NuvrmliFf  'i^,  "  ColIiDgnTOoil  desire*  me  to  tay  be  will  vrlto  j-ou  mxmi 
Mcli  a  lullc-r  tliM  you  will  think  it  a  bitCory  of  Uir  Wrut  Indi««.  Wbut 
BB  nniiatik-  Koud  man  he  i*!'  Again,  March  l$lli,  1786,  St  KltlA,— 
"  Wbot  a  cliamiinK  l^ood  UMun  E  He  is  a  valuable  metober  or  wei^." 
Off  Martiniiiue,  Mardi  S,  1786,  he  wrilcai,  ■*  TkJa  ataiion  ba*  not  bren 
ovor  pVwMBti  had  it  not  been  for  ColUngvood,  it  would  hare  been  the 
moat  dit^TvcabUt  I  ever  nw."  In  the  Hediaior,  and  u^hmi  ihi*  rtation, 
be  remainnl  until  ilin  lalte*  tuA  of  1784),  when,  in  conaequcnee  oT  hi* 
•hip  being  paid  ofl',  he  took  tin.-  o}i{)orluni[y  to  viiit  liii  natiTc  oounlry. 
■nd  rt-nrw  hti  acquaintaiKV  with  lii«  fuiuily  and  fiiviMb  wlium  li«  had 
)*A  at  an  early  age,  and  to  whom,  frooi  lita  Ion;;  aepamlioo,  be  kod  ba- 
come  what  might  Iw  li-rmotl  a  itranj^iT  at  hoiuc. 

At  hi!  rrlircmrni,  in  hii  nalivr  county,  Nortliumbctland,  Captaio 
I'ollingwomi,  after  a  acrtricr  uf  Inculy-Grc  ycjn>.  continued  to  enjoy 
himtrir;  and  in  Ihia  iDterval  of  repoar,  anaiasa  to  neek  r»r  connubial 
bappinrM,  be  fofvcd  a  conMCtion  villi  s  lady  of  Rrmt  pttnonal  meril, 
and  of  a  fiunily  ancitrnt  and  bighty  rapectable,  Thii  lady  vaa  Sarab, 
tbo  danghlrr  »f  John  Fnumas  Bbckett,  Eaq^  ooc  of  tbc  olderiBeii  of 
Hvwmitle,  and  brotbrr  of  Ivdward  ItUckrtt,  Uaru  of  .Mntion,  Norlhuia- 
bcrland.  Troin  liic  rn'tparm^nt*  of  a  connection  iu>  happily  formed, 
and  fr«m  the  xocial  circle  nf  hb  friirndt  to  whoai  hia  amiable  and  tir- 
tuooa  character  endeared  him,  bn  wax.  on  tbc  hmking  out  of  ibe  war 
whb  Franenin  1793,  called  to  thn  coatmaad  of  th«  l*rince,  RMr-adniml 
Bowycr'a  Aag-aiiip:  wiili  wliom  be  »erf«l  In  ihia  rcaacl,  and  iiibae- 
qiHBtly  in  tke  Darflmr,  atitil  tbe  engageoient  of  tite  lit  of  Juni-,  1794. 
Tb*  braTcry  of  Cajitnin  Col  line"  ood,  and  thi-  v«y  diatinguiafaed  aliar* 
tbal  tbc  ehip  in  which  li«  acted  under  the  admiral  bad  in  Die  netofy  of 
that  ^orioiu  day,  are  well-known,  aliboupli  at  the  lime  his  rminrnl  iriw 
<iiea  were  not  in  the  official  despatcli«i  particularly  marked,  or  nihrr, 
ire  m^  anr,  tctaainod  loully  aooatiecd,  nor  was  hia  name  ioctudcd  in 
tbe  Uat  «r  tbeaa  who  ^tn  ■warded  m«lala  on  aeMMint  of  the  victory. 
TUa  act  of  injintioa  craated  mncli  aaq>tia«  mnotie  the  offlcna  of  th« 
Aeait  one  of  whom.  Captain  PaefcmlMn.  of  Uia  Inviitcible,  la  mm)  lo 
havs  reoMrked,  "  thai  if  Coltinpwood  had  not  daacrred  a  imdul.  ni-iilxT 
bad  lias  for  thry  wrm  tofrlhvr  ihowholrdsy."  Rear-admiral  l)owyer*a 
Aug,  in  conaetgntnco  of  hia  honourable  wouml  in  ilii*  day'i  action,  no 
leagtr  flying  on  board  the  Barik-or,  CaplaUi  Calliitf^vood  wu,  on  the 
7lk  of  AlV****  "9-'*  appointed  lo  the  cootawnd  of  lli«  Hi'ctorj  wbirncr 
ho  WW  iMiioved  to  llic  Excellent,  and  employed  In  the  Mockado  of 
Toakn.  While  on  iMaid  tlii*  tliip  he  had  ilio  glory  of  ahartng  in  ilie 
briHlBnt  eiolory  oA*  Cape  St  Vincent.  In  a  letter  to  hi*  wif-r.  Captain 
Colhngwood  thua  deacribea  ibia  cn^agi-ment :— •'  We  flew  tn  ihcm  as  a 
Itawk  tn  hia  pnry,  pawed  through  ttiem  in  llie  dUonlrri^l  itati-  in  which 
tbay  wirro,  »r[>arwied  tlirm  Into  two  dblinct  jiarta,  and  iIku  lacked  u|>an 
(bclr  largeal  diriMun-  The  CoUoden,  and  Ca|itBiD.  Conunodore  Nel- 
•oa'i  tUp,  wera  tbe  llr«t  tlial  btought  tbtoi  to  doae  action.  I  by  cbucc 
banana  ilw  admiral'*  leader,  (for  the  eircnnutanre*  were  ineh  a»  wiwld 
■itiak  nf  nn  r«Rw1ar  ordrr.)  ami  ba<l  tUc  guod  liirluix'  lu  Ret  very  etriy 
■ctioQ.    Thi'  ftiM  »kl)>  wo  tKga^  «aa  tbc  San  SaKador  dd  Mita> 


^ 


PUIUB.] 


CUTIIUKT,  LORI>  COLLINCWOOD. 


idi 


do,  dT  112  ^'uiis.  a  Knt  rate;  «c  wtrv  nut  Innbtr  Iram  Ikt  wIipi)  we 
Im^IA  tliitu  tlie  Lriiglli  (J  our  gardrii.  Hvr  colour*  kuod  cnini?  down, 
■ad  her  lire  cenMd>  I  liaili^d,  uud  uktd  irUicy  iurrrndrird;  ami  wtiMi 
bj  HUB*  wade  bj  a  mui  wlio  stood  by  ilie  ooioura.  I  iindfTttood  thai 
Ihej  had:  1  k-n  Let  to  b«  ukm  powewioii  oT  bv  «iiiirb»(ly  behind,  Rnd 
made  wll  for  the  nexl,  but  «m  very  raucli  RirpriMHl  on  looking  Iksck  to 
fliid  ber  coloun  up  again,  and  facr  battle  kcuidiuciiomI.  Wg  vrry  toon 
caatt  up  mith  the  next.  tli«  San  Isidro,  74.  w  cloie  iiJoiigaidp.  llial  a  man 
might  JBinp  ftoai  one  *bip  lo  tlie  otber.  Our  lire  curried  all  betare  ii; 
and  in  tea  minutes  alie  buuled  down  h«r  colotirv:  but  I  bad  brvn  dn- 
cfived  oncp,  and  obliged  tli'n  fi^llow  to  lioist  Eogliili  cflluur*  before  I 
lofl  bim,  and  niad«  a  aigual  roraomebody  behind  tu  biwril  him,  when  (he 
ndniiral  ordered  th«  Lively  frigate  to  luk(>  cbarj;!.-  of  liini.  Tlim  luak- 
iiig  all  uil,  pDMiDg  between  unr  tine  and  the  envaiy,  wt  cstat  up  wtib 
|lii>  S^n  NicboUt!,  of  80  gun,  wbich  kappciied  at  lli«  (tmi-  lo  be  ubicust 
oflhc  San  Joirpli,  of  1 13  g«M*;  wo  did  not  loucb  ttdr^  but  you  (.■ould 
not  put  a  bodkiD  Ix-lunn  na,  to  that  our  rhol  paued  ihrou^-h  both  ship*, 
{tad,  in  attcmptii^  to  extricate  tJinn»cltTstb«y  got  OH  boaidescli  ulhcr. 
My  good  fricod,  the  commodorr,  hod  boon  long  engaigvd  wiih  iIkhw 
ibijM,  and  I  ramr  hnppily  lo  bii  rulic-f.  lor  be  n-si  dmdfully  mauled. 
Having  riigagcil  them  uutd  ibcir  fire  cc*>cd  on  mr,  tliough  ihdr  p^loura 
v'lTc  not  down,  1  went  ou  (o  Ike  Santiaaiaia  Triotdada,  llw  Spannfa  ad- 
iiiinil  Cotdovu'v  >liip.  of  133  gun*,  on  four  coiii|il(!tc  drclu,  loeli  a  *hip 
ai  I  ncTvr  uw  lwfor«.  By  tlii*  liuie,  our  inatb,  laili,  and  rintin];,  wi-rc 
u>  inucli  ibol,  iliat  wc  could  not  gt>t  so  near  her  an  I  would  liuvc  bi-cu ; 
hat  urar  cuougb  to  receifo  niucli  injury  from  ber.  both  iu  my  aiMi  and 
khip.  We  mtrt  engaged  an  hour  wilh  thii  ship,  and  trimmed  her  well; 
th0  wu  a  ootnjdric  wreck.  Scveml  otbcra  of  our  *iii\<t  came  up,  imI 
pngagcd  her  at  tba  tame  time ;  but  evening  a|>proatibinj;,  and  the  fmh 
Spaniards  roming  down  upuo  ui,  Ibe  admiral  made  tlit  ugnal  to  wiili- 
draw.  carrying  off  tbc  four  aliip*  that  bad  lurrendefed  to  our  Beet." 
An<l  in  one  addreatcd  to  liia  father- in -law,  be  laya,  "  Take  It  altogrlli«r, 
it  ii  iRibajM  tlic  muM  brilliant  aclion  upon  record;  sod  1  cannot  liclp 
Kn'Iiiiji  an  aluiMt  (pilcful  ulisfartion  lliot  Lonl  Hone  i»  outdone.  Hia 
lit  uf  June  (Kraud  its  it  wa»)  bean  no  proportion,  in  any  reapeet,  to 
tbia.  There  tbe  number  of  aliip  wu  tieariy  mjusI  ;  here  the  enemy 
were  nearly  double  -,  iS  guuit  more  would  hace  niikdc  tbcai  double 
our  liirce ;  there  ibcy  had  only  two  S-dccker*,  and  n-c  bad  e^l>t  or 
nine:  Wrv  tlie  enemy  hod  aia  a-dwkcrs,  and  one — the  liantiaiiBl* 
Triuiduib — of  4  deckj,  while  wc  had  only  two  liitt*mlc*,  and  four  9U 
gUU4hi|a,  aud  ot  uur  liflecu  ship),  one  was  a  little  G4,  tbo  Uindcm.  1 
am  aure  you  will  admire  the  furiiiuile  and  magnanimity  o(  Sr  John 
.Icrris,  in  detcmiining  lo  attack  so  superior  a  force  ;  but  should  wc  not 
be  grateful  to  bini  who  had  luch  confidcuce  in  his  llvi-t,  (hat  he  ihou^bt 
no  (oror  too  great  for  tbcni?  Though  the  dilferent  ablpa  weru  vtiy 
ililfereolly  ctrcumalaaced,  and  bore  unequal  tbarea  iu  llie  action,  all 
ham  tbe  merit  of  lui<tng  doue  their  utiiost.  After  1  bad  ilrireQ  ibo 
San  Nichola*  on  board  the  Joaef,  and  lefl  them,  on  (bcir  lire  ccoMng,  le 
bo  taken  pofMMWii  of  by  aotneboily  behind,  they  (ell  on  Ixiotd  my  good 
friend  tbe  commodore:  and  as  they  bud  nut  lurrriMlercd,  lie.  iu  biaown 
fldiM-  pcnon,  at  tlic  bead  of  bis  ihip'*  eoitipuiiy.  Iwnrded  them,  and 
drove  tbc  S^niard*  froio  deck  to  dvek  at  the  jxiint  of  tbcir  tuoidi. 


lOS 


POLITICAL  snn*. 


tNii 


Thty  U  iMt  balk  nirrpodctnl :  ond  ilic  eomtiitidurf.  on  tli«  qinrtcr- 
dwk  ofa  SpanUh  fini-nte',  Kan  Jtnct,  tcci->v«1  (be  tabmiuMMi  and  the 
•wordf  of  lilt  uHicc-r*  of  ilir  (kd  >bip>,  vliilc  one  ot  ha  Miton  b«ndlcd 
ibeoi  up  KJtL  a*  nmrh  compoiorc  ai  be  wuuld  bs*e  made  aft^ol, 
|Ikm|;Ii  t«rri>ly-l«0  *ai1  of  llirir  line  were  dill  villiin  gnn^ilial.'' 

The  Excellpiil  «•>  paki  (iff  in  January.  1799;  but  in  a  few  wtrL* 
aflrV  Capuin  CoIIinfcvooit  vna  raiird  lo  the  rank  of  rrjir-ai(lRiiral,  »nd 
hoUled  hu  flag  An  boinl  tlw  Triumph.  Soon  aftrr  tlil*  hr  woi  cm- 
pl<i>'«l  io  tbe  biockadp  of  Brrit,— an  irktomc  piece  orwrvior,  of  wliicd 
he  appparx  lo  bav«  bcMi  bpanily  liird. 

Tlie  iruce  of  I80S  Bfrnnlcd  him  an  ofiportDiiity  of  vinling  hb  ttnUj 
at  Morpeib,  "  Ht*  amoM-mrnu,"  mvii  Iii*  faiographcfi  "  weTc  found  in 
tiie  inlcrcouree  with  hit  fnniily,  in  drnving,  plonlinje.  ntxl  ihc  roltivation 
of  hia  garden,  which  wu  on  the  bank  of  th«  br^autifill  rivrr  Waivbeck  ' 
bnl,  ba  GoMJoof*,  "  wliilr,  in  cbc^ulnfu  and  irnnq  nil  lily,  h«  w*»  ibiM 
fully  rvaliiing  iboM  ho|>c«  of  ba|>]riBm  vhich  hr.  bad  no  long  enler- 
Isined,  hottilitiM  wiih  Franco  rfcomaietMN-d ;  and  in  thp  spring  of  1903 
be  KM  once  tnon-  rallfd  away  from  hit  bomr,  la  which  be  neivr  re< 
inraed  again,  llic  exact  dale  «f  hit  dcparlvrv  from  ihe  north  doM  not 
appev;  bitl  in  the  narralire  of  bi*  li&,  from  wbtcti  several  exiracU  bate 
■liMiJy  btcn  tuadp,  be  obwrvM,  '  Sinc«  1793  I  hnve  been  ofily  one 
year  at  homr.  To  my  own  children  I  am  fcarccly  koown:  but  wbrle  I 
iwre  health  and  Mrenf;*'*  "*  **^^  "^y  couDlry,  1  comider  that  h<allh 
Md  atrrngtb  (o  be  il«  due;  and  if!  terre  it  aucc^Mfully,  ta  I  have  ever 
done  faithfullri  my  eliildren  will  imi  want  for  friends.*** 

After  tbe  renewal  of  the  war,  Admiral  Collingwood  lucceatirelj  iliifled 
l>i»  Bag  froiD  Ibe  Venerable  to  tbe  Cnliodrn :  From  her  to  lli«  Drt-ad- 
nuagfati  and  from  Ibc  latter  *e**el  to  ibc  Royal  Sofcrrign.  in  which  lie 
bare  a  galbnt  and  gloriou*  pari  al  Tra&lgar-  Tbia  vcwel  wai  ibc  ftrat 
Ihm  broke  ibraugh  the  enemy*!  lino  in  ilial  decitiro  cogagraient. 
"  Lord  Ncbon."  My*  Coding  wood's  biographer,  "  bad  mod*  tbe  Uoyal 
Soi-rrrign'*  >ignBl  lo  pa*)  ihrongh  tb«  •Bnny*<  line  at  tbe  twelfth  alitp 
from  (he  rear:  but  Adoiiral  Cotlbgweod  obacrving  ber  lo  be  a  two* 
dt-rkrd  ihip.  and  thai  ibc  second  uurn  of  lier  wa>  a  flr*t-rale,  deviclnl 
to  far  from  (he  order  H  to  proceed  lo  the  attack  of  ibti  Iom,  <rttcfacwr> 
ried  Aclmital  Abn't  Sag.  U'lille  lltey  were  running  down,  ilie  welt- 
known  telrgrapbi«  ■■i);nal  was  made,  ol  '  England  eipeeti  erery  man 
to  (l»  bit  July.'  Wlien  tbe  admiral  otwerved  it  llT*t,  h«  aaid  that  h« 
wiilird  KelwHi  would  make  no  norfl  fignidti  for  they  all  undtntood 
whm  ibty  wer*  to  do:  but  when  the  parpoft  of  it  wai  cummunicaied 
Id  bim,  beecpreMcil  great  delight  and  admiration,  bihI  miule  it  known 
(o  the  offinn  and  ibip'i  e«ffl[jiany.  Lord  Nebon  bad  betn  rrquoted 
by  Captain  Bbebwood,  (who  wa*  ansioaa  for  the  pre»«n-slion  of  to  in- 
)raloablr  a  life,)  lo  alluw  mmdu  oclier  rtmAa  to  bke  llie  lead,  and  at  lail 
gave  peTRiiwioa  lliat  tbe  Temcraire  tbould  go  abend  af  liim;  but  rc- 
•olvfng  to  defeat  the  order  which  he  hod  girrn,  lie  crowded  more  aoll 
•>n  tite  Vidofy,  and  oiainlainnl  bii  placr.  Tbe  Itoyal  SoverFt),l>  *>■ 
far  in  advance  wlien  Lleoienani  Clavrll  obsirred  that  ilie  Victory  waa 
••ning  hrr  Mudiilng  lail*.  anil  « iih  that  ipirit  of  bonouraUc  emuUtion 
wbicb  jireiatM  between  lite  Mjundions,  and  partrcuUrty  brlocfn  thwB 
iwo  *kip«,  he  pointed  It  OM  lo  Admiral  Coltingwood.  and  rniueated  hb 
jiirmMwu  to  do  tbe  muc.     *  I'hc  abipa  of  our  line.'  replH-d  Ibc  ail* 


.Fk*i*t>.1 


CDTRHmr,  M>tlD  COtDIMOWOOD. 


103 


miral.  ■  are  nol  yci  •iilBcieoily  tip  for  i»  lo  do  to  now ;  but  you  muy 
be  getting  read)'.'  Tli«  uudding  *ail  and  royal  lialliard»  wore  acoord' 
ingly  manned,  and  iu  about  icu  minute*  th«  admiral,  observing  Liuu- 
louant  Ciave-ir»  eyes  fixed  upon  biin  with  a  look  of  expj>ctatioDi  i;avi> 
him  a  nodi  on  wbidi  that  officer  went  to  Captain  Itotbernoi,  ant)  told 
him  that  the  admiral  desired  him  to  make  all  aail.  The  order  wus 
then  giien  to  rig  out  and  hobt  airay,  and  iu  one  inttant  th«  thip  was 
nndfir  a  crowd  of  aail,  nod  went  rajridly  ahead.  The  admiral  then  di> 
reeled  the  oiScere  to  aee  that  all  the  men  lay  donn  on  tlic  decks,  and 
vera  kept  quiet.  At  tbia  time  lh«  Fougueux,  the  ghip  aU^rn  of  the 
Snnta  Anna,  had  cloaed  up,  with  the  inleoiion  of  preveutiuK  the  Royal 
Sovereign  firom  going  through  the  line:  and  when  Admiral  Culliiigwooil 
nbvned  it,  be  dnired  Captain  Uothenxm  lo  steer  immediately  for  tli« 
Ffenchiaau.  and  carry  tvty  his  bonspril.  To  amid  this,  the  Fuu. 
gueiA  backed  her  main  lop-sail,  and  suttVred  the.  Royal  Sovereign  to 
paaft  at  ifae  uiae  tiioe  beginQing  her  fire ;  when  the  admiral  onicred  a 
gvn  bt  be  oceuioaaUy  find  at  her,  to  cover  his  ship  with  smoke.  The 
nearMt  of  tlie  Eagluli  ships  was  now  diitlaot  about  a  mile  from  Iho 
Royal  Sovereign :  and  it  was  at  this  lime,  wliJIi:  she  was  prc«inK  qImia 
into  the  nidvt  of  the  eouibined  Seeta,  that  Lord  Nelson  nid  to  Captain 
Blackwood.  '  S<«  bow  that  noble  feUow,  Collingwood,  takes  his  ship 
into  artion.  How  I  envy  kia  I*  On  the  other  band.  Admiral  Colling* 
wood,  well  knowing  hia  eomfflacider  ud  friend,  obwreed,  '  What  woaU 
Nelson  give  to  be  herel'  and  it  wai  then,  too,  that  Admiral  Villeneuvu, 
struck  with  the  daring  manner  in  which  the  leading  atiipa  of  the  Eii};- 
Jiali  tqnadrons  came  down,  despaired  of  the  iaau«  of  the  contest.  Iu 
pMiing  tli«  Santa  Anna,  the  Royal  Sovereign  gave  bor  a  broadtid*  and 
a  hair  into  her  stem,  tearing  it  down,  and  killing  and  wounding  four 
hundred  of  her  men ;  then,  with  her  bclm  bard  a>s(arboiird,  she  ranged 
up  alongnde  so  doocly,  that  the  lower  yard*  of  tbc  two  vomcI*  wore 
locked  together.  The  Spanish  admiral.  Iiavio);  seen  that  it  was  tb«  in- 
tention of  the  Royal  So*er«igii  lo  engage  to  le«ward,  hod  cotlc«ted  all 
hit  urcogth  OD  tlie  starboard  ;  and  such  was  the  weight  of  tbc  Santa 
Anna's  metal,  that  Itrr  first  broadside  mode  the  Sovereign  heel  two 
■iNaka  out  of  the  walrr.  Her  studding-sail*  and  halliards  were  doit 
shot  away:  aod  a'  ■  top-gallant  studding-nil  uat  Itaaging  over  tlie 
ICangwi^  bamiDOoks,  Admiral  Collingwood  called  out  to  Lieutenant 
Clavetl  to  come  and  hdp  him  to  take  it  in,  ohwrving  that  they  ahould 
want  it  again  Mmc  other  day.  I'hnc  two  otlic?rn  accordingly  rolled  it 
carefully  up,  and  placed  it  in  the  buaL"  To  hi*  father-in-law,  Admimt 
Collingwood  tnriies  thus: — "This  was  a  rictorj'  to  be  proud  of;  but  in 
the  loat  of  my  excellent  friend.  Lord  Nelson,  and  a  number  of  brave 
men,  we  paid  dear  for  it.  When  my  dear  friend  received  his  wound, 
he  immediately  sent  no  ofliccr  lu  lue  to  tell  me  of  it.  and  give  his  love 
to  mc.  Though  tho  officer  was  directed  to  say  the  wound  was  not 
dangerous,  I  read  in  hi*  countenance  what  I  bad  lo  fear;  and  before  the 
action  WBf  over.  Captain  Manly  came  to  inform  mn  of  his  death.  I 
cannot  tell  you  bow  deeply  1  was  af&cled ;  my  friendship  fur  him  waa 
unlike  any  thing  I  hare  \th  in  the  nary.^-a  brotherhood  of  more  than 
lliirly  yean.  In  this  aifair  he  did  notliiog  without  my  counsel,  we  made 
our  line  of  battle  together,  and  concerted  the  mode  of  attack,  whidi 
vu  pnl  Lu  execution  in  tiic  most  admirable  style.     I  sbatl  grow  very 


r 


I 


IM  ponncAL  »iiics.  fKii 

tirw)  of  tlK>  fra  aonn:  my  bcallh  hu  nflVrnI  m  miucIi  frOfn  the  ansioiti 
iialc  [  liaTf  bcrii  in,  and  the  &ti^iMi  I  bave  uiiikff^tie,  Oiat  1  »luU  be 
unfit  fat  icrvice.  11i«  ncrrrc  goW  whlrli  imoiriliatt-ly  IMvwtA  the  <lar 
of  TictoTv  tu'tprii  our  proiprrt  of  prizrs.  Our  o»ti  infirm  sliipv  eimld 
»nrcr  Lr<-p  oiT  th«-  tliore :  th«  pritM  wprr  Irft  to  tbcir  fair,  oimI  im  Ihry 
wcri^  (Irivrn  tcry  near  lliP  porl,  1  nrderrd  tiit^m  to  be  dnlroycU  liy 
burning  nml  riitking,  llial  tkcrc  m'lghl  b«  no  riak  of  tbcir  falling  attain 
inio  the  bandi  of  the  enemy.  Tlirre  lia*  broo  a  groat  dtstruciiiMi  of 
ihrm :  indr«^  I  hnnlly  know  vbnl.  but  Dot  to*  tlian  fiftcm  or  (iilcen, 
iIk  total  niio  of  tbc  cnmbinc^l  llrct.* 

For  hi*  lerv'ict-*  oa  ihi*  oFe»>oi>,  Admiral  Cullingwood  was  raiMd  to 
the  pf«n]t«  by  tlie  liile  of  Baroa  Collidgwood  of  CaMboume  aixl 
lUihpoule  in  Nonhumbcrlaud,  and  «a«  granted  m  praiioD  of  £SOO0 
for  lilc,  with  otlior  rewards  lo  h'a  family.  He  abo  foe>ceeded  his  late 
conirwii'.  LonI  Nt'lum,  in  the  command-in-cbief  of  ibe  Mcdilerran<mn 
•lation, — a  moit  hnrnuinf;  cmplayiii«nt.  but  in  «bieli  be  acquitted  hini- 
Milf  very  ably.  Ili«  hraltb,  ba«n-rr,  at  IaX  fmw  way,  and  on  ihe  3d 
nf  Mareb,  1910,  be  fr-lt  hinisHf  oenipi-ltcd  to  rtviicn  bis  eonmand  to 
liear-adtuirsl  Mnrlin,  and  >nil  for  RtigUixl  in  tbc  Ville  de  Pftrb.  When 
infom»«d  UmI  he  «m  agkin  at  wa,  he  leemed  (o  rally  for  a  time  hi*  rx- 
bausied  atrcBHth.  and  tnid  to  ihmr  around  him.  **  Tlien  1  may  yet  lire 
10  mwt  the  Frrtieb  oii«e  roore:"  ihoi  '»trocg  in  doaib"  appenred  'the 
ruling  pauion.'  On  the  following  moeoing,  wbtn  hia  friend  Cnptnin 
Thomiu.  on  entering  hi*  cabin,  obaerved,  Ibat  he  feared  the  tnMion  of  the 
v««»el  distorbed  hiio,  "  Ko,  Tboinaj,'  be  replied,  "  I  am  now  tn  m  ttMe 
in  nbieh  notliinR  in  thi*  world  can  dUturb  la^  more.  I  am  dying:  and 
I  atn  •)•»  it  ntuit  be  CMWolairiry  to  yon,  and  oil  who  lore  me,  to  lee 
bow  eomforUbly  I  am  going  to  my  end."  He  told  one  of  hi*  atteml- 
■nu  Ibat  h«  had  endeaTourcil  to  rttirw,  as  far  as  wm  pouible,  all  ibe 
aoiJona  of  bia  put  litr.  nnd  (bat  be  had  the  hap^nea*  to  lay  ihM  notbiiift 
frare  him  k  moment'*  uneailne**.  He  epofce,  at  tiine^  of  bt*  abtent 
hniily,  ami  of  the  dontufial  conieat  hi  which  he  nt  about  lo  kare  hi* 
euuntry  involved,  bat  erer  wrtb  ealiunen  and  perfect  reiignalMNi  10  the 
will  of  God :  and  hi  iht*  MeaMnJ  atate  «f  mind,  after  taking  an  aA^e* 
(i(Mat«  farewell  of  hi*  attendant*,  be  expired  witliout  a  itraggle  at  mx 
tttlotk  In  the  evenin;;  of  (hat  day,  harhif  altainrd  tbr  age  of  finy.iiinr 
yeata  ami  *is  monibe.  The  followinic  ia  from  the  rrport  of  the  enr- 
geoB  of  Ihe  Ville  de  Paris :— "  In  no  part  of  hii  lonhhip'*  brillumt  lite 
did  bb  eharact<-r  appear  with  faster  luiire  than  when  be  vnii  apptoaeh- 
i^{  Ma  em).  It  wnt  di);nilled  m  the  eitn-me.  If  it  be  ou  th^  bed  of 
KicbiKva  and  nt  llie  ap)iraaeli  of  death. — when  ambition,  the  htra  of 
glofy,  and  the  interests  of  llie  world,  are  otct,— that  tbir  lru«  thatac*  , 
ier  la  lo  bir  rfiaeorerrcl,  anri'ly  never  did  any  mnn'i  apprar  to  jtreater 
aaliranlage  Ibin  diil  tlint  of  my  Lord  CoJlingwood.  For  my  own  part, 
I  did  not  lu'lirve  it  poMibb-  that  any  one,  on  socli  an  oeea^ion,  eouM 
have  behaved  m  nobly.  I'riielly  baraased  by  a  moM  afflicting  iNaeoar. 
•blaming  im  reliif  from  tbr  mean*  employed,  and  perceiving  bia  death 
lo  he  inevitable,  he  Mattered  flu  sigh  of  regret  to  e*eape.  no  mumrartag 
•I  bia  pwt  life,  nu  apprehension  nf  ibe  fature.  He  met  death  aa  br« 
oamo  hitii.  with  a  eumpoaure  and  fortitude  wtiieh  hate  seMom  \n*n 
etiaalleil,  aiul  nerer  mriMmrd." 
V  "-A*  a  a«T>l  oAcer,'   aayi  the  Quarterly  reviewf  r,  ••  akiJled  in  the 


Viimr.J 


CUTIIREIIT,  LOni>  CO  I.  U  MO  WOOD. 


lOfr 


pnctioal  |iatt  of  lii>  pralettioa.  Lord  ('i>IIi(ixnoiKl,  <ki!  bi-Vu-yf,  liad  fv* 
cqumb.  He  uru  a  »trict  diMipIinitriiui,  anil  ktf<  hi*  iil>i)i  in  lli«  htglivat 
ordnr  wiihout  sm'crily ;  (a  corpomJ  jMiiiuilimruu  Iii:  liaJ  rarely  oct-auon 
to  rMOrt,  and,  wbcoever  (liat  liapp«'i»wl,  it  i*  ibiled,  lie  waa  for  niaiijr 
Imhii*  •ft«rward«  niclaneholy  aiul  aileiit,  tometisica  nut  HpcnkiuK  n  vront 
agitiii  for  Uie  reiBuoilitr  or  the  day.  He  neviT  oinillcd  aueutiliug  ili« 
crew  on  Suudaj*  for  <liviii«  wuntiip ;  but  be  liad  no  opiaioa  oT  thoM 
ututly  gvDtleracii,  who  were  more  altvulirc  lo  pnyiaR  tlifto  to  lli« 
oooirort  or  dlKtipiuie  or  tlie  crew.  '  I  cmiiiot,'  he  i*  mud  lo  litre  ob- 
ier*Ml,  '  I  cAODOt.  fur  ibc  lifi-  of  uie,  cumpn-liciid  die  religioo  of  an 
ofllcer  who  can  pray  ull  uoe  day,  and  llu);  liii  imii  all  (he  next-'  W« 
hope  this  may  he  a  ululary  liint  to  noaie  uf  ibe  Kime  claM  who.  v«  liave 
been  jtiveii  to  nuiJi-rsiaod,  sre  mill  to  bv  rvuiid  in  oouuDand  of  hi*  ■»- 
JMly'*  sbi))«,  'tiuj-^ini;'  aud  'pniyin);'  alunmlely,  u  io  ibe  (iioe  of 
Lord  Culttiigwoud.  Wlien  Lord  St  Vitivwit  represied,  io  (he  MediCei^ 
Kan  iwU  the  •fiiril  of  muiiiiy  which  bad  unhappily  prevajk-d  at  the 
port*  of  England,  be  was  m  (.■Qiiviuced  of  the  excellence  of  tbal  pron|it 
Mill  doci»iv<r  tifttem  whicb  Cafitaiu  Colliu);wood  pitmiied,  that  it  WM 
hi«  ffi~4|iicnt  pntflicc  to  draft  tbe  most  ungovernable  tptriiA  into  tbs 
Excrtlml.  *  Send  tbeo  tO  Collio^'oood,'  bt;  u*cd  lo  aay,  '  and  h«  will 
br^oj;  ibeiD  to  ordvr.'  On  OM]  occa*ioii,  a  watiian  wo*  tciit  from  tbe 
UooidIiw,  «bo  had  pointed  one  of  ibe  forrcwtle  guna,  ilmltnl  to  itie 
iniuuclc,  at  ibe  quarlcr-iiccJc,  and  Uanduig  by  it  with  a  malnh,  declared 
that  hr  woohl  fire  at  tb«  officer*,  uqIcm  be  received  a  promitc  that  no 
puoMbment  thouhl  bo  inflicietl  upon  him.  Or  bii  arrival  on  board  (he 
ExceJIeut  (Japialii  Cvllingwood,  in  the  presroce  ofmauy  of  the  siilur*, 
•aid  to  hiai,  with  great  tlcriineu  of  utanoer,  *  I  know  yuur  cJiamctcr 
well,  but  bewsrv  bow  you  attempt  to  cscita  iiwiiliorditialiaa  tn  tbi« 
*hip :  lor  I  have  «uch  con8deuc«  in  my  men,  (hat  1  am  nTlnin  1  »liall 
hear  in  ao  hour  of  every  tJiiag  you  arc  doing.  If  you  behave  well  in 
flUHre,  I  will  treat  you  Itfca  (be  rmt,  nor  noliie  b«re  what  happened  in 
■DOtlier  aliip:  bat  1?  you  endeavour  lo  ricilc  mutiny,  mark  mc  well,  i 
will  blatantly  head  you  up  in  •  ca»k,  auil  ilitow  yuu  into  the  lea.* 
Under  (he  tmtment  which  be  met  with  in  the  Kic^llcnt,  ibic  inan  be- 
come a  good  and  obedient  aoilor,  and  never  oft^'mnrdi  gave  any  cause 
of  complaint/  Hia  abhorrence  of  corporal  puni»h meat,  and  hii  con- 
viciioii  of  ita  ullcr  worthleiMieM,  aa  iha  naana  of  diaeipUor,  grriv 
•irongcr  wiib  bia  raparience,  ao  that  a  whole  year  would  wmciimc* 
pOM  over  without  a  alnglc  iihb  being  flogged  in  hi*  abip.  '  I  wiih  I 
were  the  captain  for  your  aakoa,'  cned  Lieutennnt  Clavell  ono  day  tu 
wxnc  men  who  were  doing  aoRMi  port  of  their  duly  r>ot  to  bia  MitiaAc 
tjon,  wbeo  aooio  one  touched  bim  oo  the  ahouJder,  and,  (uruing  round, 
he  *aw  the  admiral,  who  bad  ovcrhe&rd  bim.  'And  pray,  C'lardl, 
what  would  you  have  done  if  you  bad  been  cnptnin  ?'  '  I  would  have 
flogged  lliem  well.  Sir.'  ■  No,  you  would  not.  CUtvell :  no,  you  would 
not,'  lie  replied ;  '  t  know  you  belter.'  When  a  oiidabtproon  niailc  a 
complaint,  he  would  order  the  man  for  puniahmeni  tbe  next  day ;  aud, 
iu  tbe  intprral,  calling  iha  boy  down  to  him,  would  ny,  '  In  all  pro- 
lubiliiy  ihr  fault  waa  your* ;  but  wbellirr  it  were  or  i>ot,  1  am  aurv  it 
would  go  lo  your  heart  to  ac«  a  man  old  tnougb  to  be  your  bihor  db- 
gnuod  and  piwiahed  on  your  aceonnt;  and  it  will,  Hirrifore,  give  me  k 
good  opinion  of  your  diapoaition,  if,  wltcn  be  ia  brought  out,  you  aak 
VII.  u 


loe 


POLITICAI,  SCRIBt. 


fKtirt* 


for  bit  piinlou.'  Wli^n  iliis  Komoi^iHliiltuii,  a«litijt  ft*  it  dkl  lili«  u 
ordrff  WM  eomplinl  with,  and  tb«  Ud  inU-rccdril  Tor  the  priMnn*. 
C«ptain  C<^]iDgi[no>l  nould  mtkp  gftlH  appsrcnt  difliculiy  iti  y'leldittg: 
but  at  Irngth  woulil  *ay,  ■  This  ytwn);  ^nlknian  has  pindfd  *0  bu< 
inanely  (or  yon,  thai  in  th«  hope  that  you  will  f>-cl  a  <lu«  gnllliid«  tu 
liim  liir  bi<  brimolenoc,  I  will  for  thii  (iiii«  overlook  your  offeoee.* 
Lufd  CollinKwoMi  altraja  kept  tb«  men  tirirtly  to  llioir  duty,  atid  wkMi 
th«y  vltu  sick.,  he  vi*ited  them  daily,  evca  when  an  adiuiral.  and  aup- 
pltfrd  tlieui  Trutn  hit  o<rii  table;  but  by  hit  attrolion  to  dbeiplinc, cImd- 
UmWi  aud  alwvi'  all.  kcrpinj:  tbc  drcki  and  thrir  elotkes  dry,  ai»d  the 
Atp  fr«ll  verihlatcd,  Iitt  h^ul  nirdy  luure  than  fivp  or  «JK  dk'R  on  llip 
■ick-liM,  ill  a  crt^  of  eight  fanodred.     '  Thi-  atteiiiiuo,'  lays  hu  bw- 

Cpher,  'which  Ixtrd  Cotlingwood  paid  to  ili«  boalib  of  hi*  men  haa 
O  already  nu-ittioiied ;  but  ii  mny  he  addol  licrf,  thai  in  the  iaiier 
yMIW  or  hia  life  he  bad  carried  his  ayiiem  of  armngemeni  and  care  to 
bmIi  k  degree  of  pcrfrction.  thai  pet-baps  no  aoeirty  in  the  viwld,  of 
M|iMit  extent,  nai  m  faeatihy  n«  the  crew  of  bi*  fl^-*bip.  fih*'  had 
naually  eifihl  hundnxl  ineii;  waa,  on  on«  occMOO,  inon>  than  one  year 
and  a  half  vilhnul  going  into  port,  and  during  the  whole  of  that  time 
n«Ter  had  nior«  than  *'s,  and  g<*Dpmlly  only  four,  on  her  tick  lilt.  'I'hia 
rcault  waa  occauoncd  by  bia  allrnlion  to  dryncw,  (for  be  r«r«-ly  jier- 
mttted  waahtDg  b«twtrn  dr<'k>,)  to  th«  freqiicnl  vcntilatiini  of  (br  liam- 
inoekt  aod  clotheii  on  the  Imomt,  to  Ihn  rrcalinf;  ai  macii  clrculaiion  of 
air  helov  a»  pouible,  to  the  dit^l  and  ammcromt  of  the  Bun,  but,  abov« 
nil.  by  llie  rvntmted  siiirita  of  Ihe  iaili>ri,  who  loved  their  cunimaBder 
a>  Ibcir  protector  and  Irietid,  w«lf  aMured  ibai  at  bit  hajida  tbey  would 
•vrr  rcerivc  jnalice  aud  kindneaa,  wtd  Uttt  of  ibcir  oouiforta  ht  waa 
more  jealous  tbaa  or  his  own.' " 


I 


Ibtnttf,  TTfsfount  iBttlbflTr. 


•oaa  a.D.  1740. — mto  it.n.  1811. 


Hkxht,  yoaii([er  ton  or  Itobert  Oundna,  I^nl  Arniitou,  prttidrtrt 
of  the  enun  of  aeasion,  wa«  bora  in  I '40,  and  cduciUcd  at  the  ooircr* 
tity  of  Bdlubnrgh.  He  waa  called  lo  the  bar  at  an  early  af,>e,  anil, 
tboagh  of  |>ay  liabita,  toon  obtained  considerable  celel)rity  ns  an  adv»* 
cate.  In  1778  be  wu  eppiunled  solkitocgKncndr^B  I77&,  lord  ad* 
TOCOie,— Olid  two  ye«rt  after,  joini-keepet  of  the  algnet  for  Scotland. 

Hb  iBimediate  nnoetion  had  ranked  ati  the  ablett  lawyen  ot  llirir 
lime  :  hit  owu  taleiita,  e*m  more  than  hit  coni»raioo*,  aooB  rviaed  him 
to  ibe  hi;;be«i  honotin  of  the  law  ;  and  bit  )>rrM>nal  (|uaUliM  eonplrled 
the  atopndancy  which  hi*  talents  liad  obtained.  "  I  know  few  reen,~ 
■aid  Lord  Koimea,  whni  riedicatJog  U>  Lord  Melville,  tlien  Mr  Dun* 
daa,  hit  *  Hur»dat>o>iii  uf  tl»e  Law  of  Scotland.*  "  I  know  fry  torn, 
yoong  or  old,  who  luive  your  ratidour,  lo  make  irath  welcome  aji*^'*** 
llntr  own  prtpaaamtiont ;  siil)  lirwer,  «Im>  have  yonr  talenu,  to  tmike  It 
trimifih  over  the  prepoatnwion*  of  olbeta." 

Vbrn  U If ii>ad vocal*  be  cnlrn-d  inu>  partianioni  tirr  hit  native  county. 
Fxratilng  ibcrc  lUr  ohjeett  of  a  Ughee  ainbilion,  bo  csriy  Mif[a^{ed  In 
llir  bnslnrM  of  (wlillcw,  bmI  wlibdrew  himtelf  ctiiirply  from  the  prafe^ 


Puma.] 


iirMRK,  vitcouar  uu.vii.le. 


107 


I 


Mi>u  at  Ihu  luu*.  Ilr  niipcaml  iu  parliaiiM^nt  al  lli«  time  wbon  tli«  bte 
tit  a  Tttlting  miiiittTy  <N>uld  nciilicr  he  averied  uor  delajc'd ;  but  hi»  abjti- 
li<3  and  tiiirvpidiljr  pmerwd  titin  aiujibt  the  wivck-  AnticipBting  tha 
treot,  be  mad(!  hiipself  muivr  uf  tome  or  the  ctiief  bniiicli)«  of  public 
huutKM;  and  as  cbairaiui  ot  a  »ecrvl  committK  on  tii«  c«ttM'«  of  the 
C«rnBlfo  vtari  dUplajreU  a  knowledge  of  Indian  aSsini  that  tuiimuiKcd 
kulHcientljr  the  ralue  of  hi*  aid  and  th«  itanger  of  )i»  bcMtililj.  From 
tlie  fall  of  Lord  North,  to  tlie  nominatioi)  of  a  itrady  and  i-fltclcnt  niiii- 
islrj'  under  I'iUi  be  acted  a  leading  part.  T«  I'iti'a  adminiilraliao  his 
amiiitaiioe  vaa  invaluable.  Uodrr  ihn  rarl  of  Slielburnc  he  held  the 
ofKce  of  irruurer  of  llie  navy,  to  wfaiiTb,  on  the  OTrrtlirow  of  the  coa- 
lition, be  vaM  Bgaiu  appointed.  Tbe  fieri  great  incasare  tn  wliicb  ho 
wa*  Miga^ed  related  In  our  poMCHMKii  in  the  East.  Our  inSueucr  in 
India  liad  been  ft*  rxiranrdinary  in  it*  origin  a*  oar  |>ower  prodigious, 
anil  it  rnjuiml  for  its  lupport  the  moit  intimate  acr|uaiulanco  niih  it« 
nature  and  circiiin»tancRi.  Ovarrul  Maloulin  otHervi-n,  "  ihut  frutn  tliu 
day  on  which  thv  cuniiiiiiiy'i  Iroup*  aiarebed  a  luile  from  their  fucturiM, 
lh<?  increase  of  tlu-ir  tcrrituriea  aail  tlieir  anuies  bccaiiM-  a  |>riiieiple  of 
telf-preiervation."  The  comiwraiira  •mallneas  of  tbcir  nuuibert,  by 
ItiUiii^  (bejealouiy  of  the  country  power,  coutribuled  e«si-nlially  lo  Iha 
cmii|uiiy'«  tucci-HS  "  It  made  ihrm  brnd  their  superior  and  (lOmiDUid- 
iog  knowledge  to  the  coiteiltnlion  of  the  native*  of  India,  whom  they 
litrmlly  emplnyed  to  conquer  each  i>t]ier."  An  empire  thii*  r4tablUbed 
required  a  governmrnt  powerful  and  vi^laiiL  The  mniniatid  of  m> 
Urge  a  territory  in  ilic  hnndi  of  individual*  wat  jiutly  cuniidcrcd  dan> 
gcrous.  The  coverament  of  India  bad  long  been  corrupt ;  and,  from 
ihi-  principle  of  it*  origin  and  progrvM,  il  wa*  llic  nature  of  it  to  be  su. 
A  diOerenl  plan  wna  now,  liowofcr,  lo  bo  Ibmied ;  but  the  mean*  of  tv 
pairing  pa«l,  and  of  preventing  apfmbcnded  mi*chie6,  vera  nut  *o  ea*ily 
deviiM'd.  Mr  I'ot'a  India  bill*  bad  tniscatricd,  and  had  wrought  tlie 
fall  of  the  administration  that  pro^Mucd  them.  The  intention  of  wbal 
i*  commonly  called  I^il'i  bill,  was  cucniially  diSercni.  Il  wu*  more 
that  of  lrm|iaiury  reform  and  a  moderate  cootrol  uf  power  which  sllonid 
grailually  remove  admitlod  evili.  Fuk,  with  bin  uiual  power*  uf  di*- 
criinination,  pointed  out  the  delect*  of  thv  bill.  Hr  observed,  "  that  it 
established  a  weak  and  inefficient  gOTernioent,  by  dividing  il*  pi>wer*. 
To  the  ooc  board  belon];ed  the  privilege  «(  ordering  and  eonlriving 
meusurcs;  to  the  other,  that  of  carryiii);  tbem  into  execution.  TIm-o> 
ries  nhieti  did  not  eunm-ct  men  with  loetturMi  were  nut  throrits  (or 
thin  uorld.  The  neu  tribunal  tie  itigraaliiedasascreen  fur  detiui)uen[>,, 
as  a  pal|uible  and  uncoimilulionsl  violation  of  the  Mcrid  ri|;lit  of  a  trial 
by  jury.  Since  no  mm  was  to  be  triati  but  on  ll>«  accusatioo  of  ibu 
company  oe  the  attorney -getieral.  be  had  only  tn  conciliate  gutcrimient 
in  order  to  liis  remaining  in  perfect  se4:urily.  li  wa*  a  pari  of  the  gen* 
eral  system  of  dece|>tion  ond  delusion,  and  he  would  venture  to  pro- 
iMonce  it  a  bed  of  Justice,  where  justice  would  lor  ever  sleep."  Ycfc 
say*  .Malcolm,  "the  admitted  abuses  wbiub  it  corrected,  the  greri 
•Irvogtll  of  tlM>  Bilminislmlion  in  England  at  the  time  when  it  wa*  in> 
troihtoed,  the  abilily  and  inHuence  of  ibc  president  of  the  board  of  eoa 
Uvl,  and  tlie  lirmiu-M  and  iute);r>ty  of  the  uobleman  who  wa*  £nt 
invftted  with  llic  high  powers  which  the  amended  bill  of  17ti6  m  wisely 
Ue  Iu  (lie  governur-geiieral  of  Indiai— ^1  contribatcd  lo  cover  ibi 


I«S 


rottrrcAr  umei. 


pt, 


fed*!  and  lo  bring  lU  nicri(«  inio  llic  mo«l  proniiricnl  poinl  oF  *irw.** 
^B;  Ihete^  an<l  bj  (li«  rconomkal  rvguUliom  or  Mr  Dinxtef,  the  •ffair* 
•r  lh«  niin|Any  were  *onirw1iat  relrierod,  and  ibe  aceoonts  of  ikeir 
nwnur,  npcndilurr,  iin<l  ci>inRicn7p,  wtiicb  be  prr*pnird  onnuallv  lu 
parliiunonl.  arr  pronoiinccH  liy  one  of  hi*  biogntpbrr*  to  tic  ~  ^M•t<-^• 
piMM  or  rIpamnM,  nnirr,  anil  acrancjr.  and  mprcinlly  of  *kill  to  r^ 
duet  tbo  conplrx  and  ihc  iniriralc  to  a  brautiliil  and  in*lniciivr  »!»)• 
plicitjr." 

Sallon  an  pronrbially  rp^rdln*  of  tlwmMlvcs.  Tomnb  Ihv  daw 
uf  I  be  American  trar,  lli^  fmiid*  lovtbicb  they  wrtr  cipoMd  bad  mbam- 
irtglj  incrtMfd.  IVrnnihi  of  Ibr  mfanrU  orilrr  were  coBlinually  tm- 
fktytA  hi  encouisging  thrir  tiers,  watcliinjt  thdr  nmrfaitira,  and  inpoa- 
in|r  on  tlifit  tgnorancr.  Tlicy  at  fiwt  rradily  mp^ied  the  iarapvncncml 
■vaman  with  trifling  tunu  of  munty,  and  llu-n  in  tbc  hour  of  iniotim- 
INHt,  an<l  in  tlir  mivlrtm^M  of  hii  hi-orl.  imluced  liim  to  craot  iiatrv 
tnt-nti  Kbic-h  itripp«sl  him  at  ortet  of  all  be  liad  uc«|iiir^,  and  even 
BiKic-ipatcd  llii^  rritard  of  Iii»  fulupc  Kallautiy  and  loik  By  fergwl 
nutboritiLi  the  «idou-i  and  or{>(ian  rlitkfreii  of  thuic  nho  Itad  fellm  i& 
till-  mttIcc  were  deprived  of  their  inheritance.  Will",  oo  iilaa  pre- 
iincM,  were  praeared  b;  Ihoie  tliarprra  in  favour  of  ibeinacivM;  WmI 
when  tncli  (t<.-*ic«*  fldled,  tbuoe  iiiBtruineni*  were  forged.  By  tbe  •une 
tnbnioui  toran*,  not  U-at  tliau  one-lialf  of  tlie  arretn  du«  ftl  libe  tcnni- 
DMien  of  lli«  Aroerkan  war  were  actually  nrried  off;  th*  noM  arTful 
of  tbe  pcrpt-lrnlon  |;cDerally  eacajiing  with  impunity  and  OfiuIeDCV-  Oo 
Hrterioi;  upon  office,  Lovd  MclvilTo  took,  without  delay,  llie  iDoat  *itn- 
p)c  ami  efl'<'c!toBl  alepa  to  ctiMrk  the  progr^w  of  the  evil.  Form*  wcra 
pratcribcd  for  wflU  nod  for  <lcU^aI«d  powon;  and  the  nipnior  olBocn 
uf  ahipa  were  in  moat  CVta  the  necccsary  wilneucs.  EvCfy  lOtt  of 
guard  waa  provided  lo  protect  ihv  tbouglitlta*  ami  tbc  i|:i)onnt.  A 
gAenl  abttraM  of  the  ntU,  relatiirK  tu  the  wagM  ofieanieii,  «**  lnM>»- 
nllUd  lo  the  eler^^tMn  of  every  parish  throughout  the  iiingdoin,  with 
D  1(1I«T  of  inairdctioa*,  poiiilinf;  out  iIk.-  inanni-r  io  wbich  tbe  nrriving 
relativca  were  to  rtale  tbetr  pretmaioB*,  and  the  anvar  wai  then  pay- 
able by  tbe  revenue  oHIecr  living  neamt  to  tbe  mideiiee  of  inch  m 
wen  cutitl«d  lo  reerivo  it.  Still,  during  the  teanan'a  abaeiicc,  bb  wife 
and  fiunily  msnincd  under  the  preatore  of  Ihetr  former  powrty  Hid 
WTcicbrdnrM :  no  effeelual  (cheme  had  been  kitlitrlo  propmed,  none 
rrm  tlioQght  of  to  relieve  ihem  ;  Jl  »»*  rt-M^rcl  for  I*nl  .MelTillo  W 
cMablifh  a  syitctn  of  rrmitlanci-  anil  tiipply,  •«  exIoMtra  aa  to  vonrtj 
rdlef  into  evrrj-  comer  of  the  kIngiWni,  to  the  rcatlcred  luniliot  ci  omt 
abaent  seamm.  .Ml  the  provi*(on«  of  iIhmo  vnloable  OCtl  were  aftffN 
warda  eiteiidrd  to  Ireland  on  tbe  application  of  ila  governntoDt. 

Of  till'  lame  beneTotrnt  eharactrr  wiu  the  tn<««iirc  of  rMtoring  the 
forfeited  cifatrn,  which  uprung  directly  from  Ihii  enlightened  >tatfMiai». 
It  braird  tbe  wounds  wbteh  eiril  discord  had  inflictird,  and  tranalomed 
tbe  cradle  of  rtbcllioii  into  a  nnraery  of  inlairt  loyally,  ami  of  grovlsg 
Mtubtnent  to  tbe  IhroRe. 

Dumtat  beU  the  office  of  tretuurer  of  the  nary  during  Ibe  adnlni** 

Iratlon  of  tbe  narqncM  of  Rockingbani,  and  that  of  hii  locceMor,  Lord 

8belb)irDP.     In  IVOI  he  retired  from  office  with  Pitt  and  hi*  fiieacb^ 

and  waa  erraii-d  Vim-»ui>t  Melville.     On  ibc  return  of  Pill  lo  oAce  !■ 

k4tKM,  be  btcaroc  Hr>l  Iwid  of  tlic  admiralty.     Mevnwhile,  the  conilli»' 


r 


p<i 


hi:hat,  VIWOimT  mblviilb. 


109 


■tonen  nl  inquiry  into  tlic  abuir*  ciixting  in  the  office*  of  Ibc  pnUic 
revenae  prMenlcii  their  tenth  ri-port,  which  appcBrod  to  implicate  the 
nrw  flrei  lord  of  llw  ulmimltjr)  fnr  having,  while  trvuurcr  of  the  navy, 
retaioMl  in  hb  own  liand*  Urge  •onu  of  thi>  public  okhicj.  On  the 
8Ui  of  April,  IB05,  Wliittimul,  in  a  •pletidid  vjicvch,  morcd  iti  Uie 
commoMt — "  Thftt,  in  thi>  yvar  178&,  an  act  of  parliatncnt  wu  paxceil, 
(£Ath  (ieo.  III.  tup.  91,)  intituled.  ■  An  net  for  brttcr  rcfiolBting  the 
iiCt  of  tivufurer  of  hii  inajcity'*  ntiry  ;'  vhmhy  it  14  dircetcil,  ihut  no 
monoy  •hnll  be  ivurd  from  ih«  trramiry  to  the  trcMurm  uf  the  navy  ; 
■■d  Khiill  iK>t  be  paid  not  of  ttir  bunk  anlcK  for  naval  M-rvtce,  and  in 
pvisiinncc  of  drttf)*  lignrd  b_v  the  trc^amrrr,  or  ionic  perwon  nt  ptirtons 
anthorixcd  by  him,  which  dmflf  chali  specify  the  head*  of  tcrvicc  to 
which  lucli  Ruina  arc  to  be  applictl.  nnil  tbst  the  rrfpilations  under  the 
Mtd  pct  nfiall  take  placp  from  the  3Ut  of  July,  1765. 

"  Thnt  the  ricculion  of  the  uid  ict  w**  poalponed  till  the  mODtb  of 
Jannary,  1788,  and  from  that  time  till  the  mooth  of  June,  1786,  when 
I^rd  Mdrillc  lofk  the  tMe«  of  trramrcr,  cootraiy  to  the  practice  ra(&l>- 
)i*bcd  in  the  trcaturcnhip  of  the  Kigiit  Hon.  Ihiic  Hnrn'.  eonlrary  10 
iIm>  FFHilulioai  of  the  hoiiac  of  coniinoiu,  of  16th  June.  l7'Ji,  mid  in 
defiancw  of  the  proviaiooi  of  the  above ■meolioticd  act  of  ihu  Siith  Gea> 
1 II.  cap.  3 1 ,  UtT;«  aum*  of  inouey  were,  uodf  r  prEtcac«  of  naval  M^r- 
ricn,  and  by  a  Bcandaloaa  evasion  of  the  act,  at  varioui  tiniu*,  drawn 
from  lli«  bank,  and  infealed  in  molkequer  and  navy  bills.  Id)  upon  tlic 
iMuriiy  of  atodc.  employMl  in  dBeountitig  private  bills,  in  purcJiaiing 
bank  and  EaH  India  ato«k,  sad  uaed  in  various  w&ys  (at  ifae  puqMuca 
of  private  c^iulaDicDi. 

'•  I'hal  Alexander  Trotter.  Eaq.  piynuftor  oTlbo  narjr,  wa*  Uie  per- 
MM  by  wboni,  or  in  wbo*e  nanio  the  public  money  wa*  ihw  employed ; 
and  (hat  in  *o  doiofi  be  acted  with  the  knowledge  and  consent  of  Loid 
Viaeoant  Melville,  to  whom  lie  wai  at  tlic  aoiue  tin>e  private  a^it.  and 
for  «ho)tc  UDc  or  hene^t  lie  occMonalty  laid  out  tioin  10  to  i^O.OOO, 
without  eon>i(lering  wlirtbcr  he  was  prrvioiuly  in  advance!  to  hi*  lofd- 
ihip,  ami  wliethcr  auch  adraocr*  were  made  from  tbc  public  or  private 
lialanee*. 

"  'I'hal  (he  Ilicht  Hon.  Lord  Viicount  Melville  haviii[[  bren  privy  toj 
and  conniml  ni  the  wiili'lni>-ing  from  tlic  bank  of  £nj;luud,  for  pur- 
poac*  of  private  intetvst  or  em(ituui«nl,  siimi  issued  tu  him  oa  trcMuror 
of  tbc  navy,  and  pUmI  tn  bis  account  in  the  Imik,  aocordinff  to  the 
ptoviNOns  of  the  25ih  Uoo.  lil.  cnp.  31.  ha*  been  ^ilty  of  a  giOM 
viobfiOfl  of  the  bw,  and  a  high  breach  of  duty. 

"  It  Airther  app<ars,  that  subacqoeut  to  tbc  a)>poiii<me«(  of  Lord 
Mvlvittc  ■*  trcuorer  of  tbc  navy  in  1764,  and  dnrin|[  tbc  liiiw  he  held 
that  office,  lar^  wm*  of  money  iiaued  for  the  aervi«e  of  tbc  navy  were 
applied  tu  other  avrvicca :  and  that  the  aaid  Lonl  Melville,  i»  n  letter 
written  in  antwer  to  a  precept  ttsucd  by  the  com  mi  won  vr*  of  naval 
Inquiry,  requiring  an  account  of  tbc  m<Hiey  rcocived  by  him.  or  any 
pcraon  on  his  acoHiiit,  or  by  his  onler,  from  the  paymMterof  Ihr  navy, 
and  alao  of  the  time  wben,  and  tbo  penona  by  whom,  the  aomc  were 
returned  10  the  bonk  or  psynHater,  ha*  declarml  tbU  bn  hiu  no  maleri* 
ui$  by  which  be  could  make  up  luch  an  account,  and  that,  if  be  had 
BMlM(nti,he  could  not  du  it  niihuut  diachwing  delicate  and  conlidcnlial 


110  TOUXtCAL  hEMlKM. 

LrauaMxiotu  of  pmenimeut.  ubicL  lii>  duii  lo  iLt  public  mi 
niitrsiued  liim  frum  rrvtml:up. 

"  TliBi  Lord  Melnllfe.  m  applyiup  iDoiutf  uHied  fa"  At  i 
t!it^  uBTv  to  uibvr  t«rviec&.  EiBted  in  tiBit;  btcn  of  to  delieue  larf  ob- 
lidfutial  m  nature,  that,  id  Lii  opision.  (hi  acconnt  ^m  or  oa^bt  ■•  Ic 
p-iif  u  of  Lbrai,  bu  acted  in  a  maaiter  inconsiatn)!  vith  ki»  datjr,  i 
iiicompaiibltr  witli  ifaow  M-curjbef  vbicb  ibe  Ippalatnn  faia  ] 
[lie  proper  apfdicariuD  of  tiie  iniUic  nioner." 

lu  tlie  dt-Late  which  folloved.  Pin  took  put  villi  hit  cU  < 
aud  mored,  as  an  anicudmrDi.  that  the  report  of  ibe 
t-Luuld  be  n  ferrpd  to  a  nAtxi  comniittee  of  the  boiue  of  i 
ri-M>luiii>rie'  were  altentarif  Fi:r^i'jrted  by  Mr  Tieraer,  Mr  G.  . 
■■■\,  Mt  Foi.  Lord  Htiin  Pt-nr — ic  a  fpt*cb  of  aingiilar  ability  \mi 
A:tdovtr,  Mr  WuU-rliTCf-  a&d  Ixird  Archibald  Uanultoa;  wd  «ac 
i>]<iHf»ed  by  Uit  n.Bstti  of  iLc  nOL..  Mr  Canuuif,  Lord  CactlocH^i 
Mr  Vallace.  Ou  ilii  divi^inL  :bt  number*  appeared  to  be 
S16  for  ibtr  motiou  and  210  araiii!i  ii.  The  ^>eaker,  Mr  Abbot.  L 
ibe  catting  rutt:  io  favour  uf  the  oriciual  motiun.  and  tbe  wbolerf  tka 
n-Milutioiu  Tere  conwqut ctjy  carru'd.  Lord  MelviUcoa  (be  faUava| 
^ay,  resigned  hU  plaetr,  a;>  tii>t  lord  of  the  admir«liy.  On  ibi*  btag 
aoDouticed  to  iLe  iioui*.  Wtiiibread  miU.  liiat  had  tbe  baae  of  the  da- 
bate  been  tuert-ly  of  a  [vrsona]  tiT  party  nature,  be  mipbt  bate  baa 
Htiffied  «itb  Lord  Mdvillt't  rtmtival  fruin  the  responutNliQ',  digHtf, 
and  t-molument,  atiacbt-d  in  tbe  Mtuation  «hich  be  bad  raa^gaed;  bat 
be  ibuui^bt  it  Decfksart  that  hit  lordship  ^bould  be  preTenlcd  frnai  ctm 
a^aiu  jiollutiiig  « itli  lilt  pre&eoee  tbe  (vuLcilf  of  bis  K»-ereiga,  aod  beAw 
any  other  pTocf.*6ing,  lie  >boulJ  moTe  aa  addrt^  lo  the  xJ^mt,  pajimg 
bii  uiajffrty  to  tlt-pri\t  iht  uoble  Ibrd  of  erery  ciril  office  hM  it»ri»g 
the  |>ltra»urb  of  the  cronn.  and  to  di^mut  him  from  the  cosadla  rf  As 
ling  for  ever.  He  tkij  asLc-J  »Leihtr  Pitt  was  prepami  to  gm  ■ 
jiJedgfc  Ui  tbig  efltci,  aud  dhciher  Tn.iitr  liad  beeu  dismiatcd:'  ClB- 
uiusi  r<-p)ied  that  be  bad,  but  be  did  uut  think  that  tb«  emt  of  Laid 
.Mi-lvjUc,  «bicb,  at  tbt  ini^t,  amounted  to  no  more  tbao  a  bare 
cion,  uarraiittrd  tbt-  severity  of  the  procet^ling*  now  prapoted. 
a  very  aiiiiuaied  corn  e nation,  Wliitbread  agreed  to  vitbdraw  bii  ■»- 
tion,  iu  lieu  ol  abicb  be  moved  that  tbe  re^ulutiont  of  tbe  brnMrughl 
be  laid  belitre  hu  majesty  bv  tiiL-  whole  buu^.  On  the  fglloving  d^ 
they  mere  preMroted  accordingly. 

On  tbe  6ib  of  May  AVhitbread  moved  for  tbe  eraaure  of  Lord  Hd- 
villir'i  name  from  tbe  lilt  of  privy-counaellots,  vhea  Piu  aaid  be  had 
rea*oii  to  believe  ibat  the  measure  wai  coniidcred  generally  aa  mc- 
dif-nt :  and  lie  bad  tliereforc  felt  it  bis  duty  to  rvcommeDd  it.  Ha 
aibJed,  '■  I  may  be  allowed  to  feel  much,  and  peculiarly  oo  (bia  oe»- 
»ion.  1  ceruinly  do  feel  a  deep  and  bitter  pang  at  baring  lo  dMchMya 
til*  my  duty  to  the  bouK  and  the  public.  Any  cauae  of  aorrav  » 
I-ord  .Mi-iville  will  raiH:  in  my  mind  emotions  of  onguiib.  The  blow 
u,  Ij,rd  .Mi-lvillf,  whether  one  of  degraduiion  real  or  oomioal,  wfaetbar 
-n  injur)-  li^ht  or  subtUiitial,  whether  the  re>uli  of  popular  ioqaietadc^ 
••'  -A  the  |>(.puUr  H-nn-  of  ju«iee  mi*led.  from  wbatcver  loarcc  tb« 
...  ytiutMuM  i4  I j,rd  >Ii-lvilI..,  or  however  transient,  is  an  eveot  to  oee*> 
■  -N  m*  ih..  ui„„.t  ,„!„_     .,.|,j,  ^  ^  f^ij^g  of  which  1  am  not  aahiMd. 

■■  -  l>'i,„g  ,i,ieb  1  eauitot  w-jwraic  froiu  my  bowm.     It  ii  a  fe<iii« 


Fb*>ob,] 


HBMRV.  VIHCOUKT  UBLVILtE. 


Ill 


«faicTi  I  «Hi)iI  not  Mpanil«  fmm  my  ooniluct.  I«il  rroiu  r«»peet  tn  iIh> 
opininnjt  or  tins  boute,  to  the  nvotiuitMiU  oF  parliumeni,  anil  to  rrgnrtl 
fot  tay  public  dnCy.  1  will  add  n«  more.  I  own  I  tliink  tin*  pri^irnl 
(lucuwion  WM  anaKMUfy:  aad  if  nut  unnecMstry,  I  can  bolinc  thni 
it  ii  onl  more  gratirytiig  to  ihoae  on-r  a|(un«l  mc  ihan  it  l<  to  iii».' 
WhitbrcBii  then  inquircil  wbetlm  Lord  >fdvil]«  hold  any  place  »rprn- 
fit  iliirii^  tht  plM«urc  of  lli«  crown  ?  and  being  an»irered  none  but  fiir 
lifp,  hit  wiltwlrttw  bi»  motion. 

Tht  commiMioncn  or  naval  inquiry'  had.  In  the  Mirly  pragreM  nl 
thrM-  ditciiHinns,  been  Redalonsly  oocupied  in  ibe  mrarebM  rising  oai 
of  ibr  tmili  rrporl,  and  WhJtbresd  nov  gare  nolttv  of  an  in(«nliuR 
finally  10  moTo  for  an  impeaohmenti  which  waH  mot,  on  (he  part  of 
Robert  Diindo*,  «oa  of  Lord  Mctvlllei  by  a  rt'qaitiiion  that  lh«  nobk- 
lont  ohoiild  he  prcvioDsly  admilled  and  heard  by  (he  lioose.  Li'avr 
having  been  obtained  from  both  lion«e<>,  his  lordship,  escorted  by  tlie 
«etge«Dt-Bt'nrm»,  adianccd  within  tbe  bar  on  (he  Iltb  of  June,  and 
MrtfTfd  upon  his  defence.  He  solemnly  asserted  thai  he  nerer  kttvn 
dut  Troltcr  had  drawn  any  money  for  purpose*  of  specutaiion.  Hit 
tordohip  ai  po«ilir«ly  denied  uiy  piirticip«(i«D  in  the  giroHts  ofTrottin-: 
Im  Bilmittcd  that,  wh<^n  moncT  wns  drawn  lor  naval  purpose*,  h«  had 
RuflWvd  Trotter  to  place  it  in  th<-  houtc  of  Couita  &  Co.  until  it  vhould 
he  wasted  :  but  bo  affirmMl  tbnt  be  liail  never  girrn  htm  pawrr  to  draw 
money  from  thr  bonk  indiicriminntrly.  He  certainly  did  luppnse  tbe 
paymnxtcr  derived  n  prnfii  from  tlir  cum«  inrtalpd  in  Conttn'ii  hnmU,  but 
he  bad  never  coniidrrrd  it  a*  a  clandrstine  or  unlawful  praec^cding;  and 
the  mM>n  he  hud  not  directly  dbeliumed  any  ihare  in  (bote  profits 
wboo  examined  belbn  the  coromitti>r,  was  because  he  liad  that  moinejit 
been  falbmeii  oFtbe  eoafuaion  in  which  hin  payrnatlcr*!!  account*  stood, 
and  (here  yna  a  doabt  in  hi*  own  mind  whether  he  might  not  tinlnten- 
tiooolly  have  received  what  wo*  bin  own  property  rroin  unlawful  prufi(«. 
Ili«  lordship  referred  to  (wo  cumi  of  about  ivn  (houtand  pounds  each, 
the  circuoMtance*  relative  to  which  he  ft-'lt  erjually  bound,  by  priretc- 
lienovraad  puUicduty,  nevor  todiieloso,  though  bealRrmrd  that  ihoMC 
■Dm*  were  neither  uted  nor  meant  to  be  om|^oycd  for  any  object  of 
prodi  by  him.  lie  hod  cen^oly  directed  his  agent  to  procure  &r  him 
the  toon  of  twenty  thousand  pounds,  for  which  he  had  paid  regular  in- 
teraat :  but  It  was  not  till  within  the  last  six  weeks  that  he  koew  Trotler 
was  (be  lender  of  the  money.  After  ciploiaiug  (he  nndiro  of  his  traiH' 
actions  with  respect  to  the  loyally  loan,  to  which  he  had  *ub>cribed  the 
SUB  of  ten  LhouMnd  poiintU,  hi*  lordship  said,  when  be  d<ttrojed  all 
voiKhers  it  wat  beoaoae  ho  cotKtdmd  them  tiielcM,  and  not  from  the 
most  retoote  apprehension  of  dnnger  from  their  exiklrncc.  He  co«dd 
M-arcely  beliere  tbal  an  impcBchment  wa>  inti>ndril, — b«  wa*  equnlty 
incredulous  widi  respect  to  an  indictment, — and  be  did  not  yet  (lc>|Mir 
of  receiving  juUicA  from  hi*  delnded  countr)'. 

His  lordthip  havin;*  withdrawn,  WhKbread  said,  tbn  excuse  offi;reri 
by  Lord  Melville  for  not  directly  aiuwering  questions,  in  con»c<tucnc« 
of  tlie  eoofuu-d  slate  of  Trotter*  aoCDuBia,  was  strange  and  incredible. 
He  dwelt  on  tht:  suspicious  ctroumatanon  of  refiiaing  lo  give  any  ac- 
count of  the  two  sums  of  (en  thouund  pounds,  and  declared  that  if  hi* 
lordship  would  refer  (he  matter  lo  a  jury  of  bonoar,  consisting  of  the 
ohaneellor  of  the  cxcbequer.  Windham,  and  any  other  pcrton  of  equal 


lit 


rOLITKAI.  tESIIS. 


tKun 


iatqtriljTi  k»  •liould,  in  cate  ikry  Bngiiiltnl  tiim,  frrt  lUHfird.  Wlut- 
brad  cOKllMled  by  motlBg  tfakt  lirarj'.  Lord  Vucount  MrlTilltf.  b* 
IntpfiB^fHi  of  tigfa  cripiM  and  mndonmioun.  A  Igag  dcbue  coxicd, 
fai  Ibe  courM  of  wbiei  Bond  otJMtH  lo  an  intproehniait  ••  rtmbnta* 
and  «xp«iM«Te,  uxl  mottd.  ■•  an  BiimKlmpnt,  ibat  tbr  BtlortirT-itmrrmI 
bo  (liiectMl  lo  prowouh!  I^rd  MriTilI«  far  tb*  wvcral  affroce*  abidi 
apf>eatMl  m  hBT«  bt^n  coinniiR^  bj-  him.  TV  bmimni  far  iiBpracb 
,  BinW  WW  rqected  by  a  majority  n(  M-vrnty-Mvan,  and  Bund't  ■■I'od- 
>awot  adoflled  by  two  handrvd  and  thirty •r-ig>bi  to  ivo  kundrvd  and 
tw«n^-nin«  vwom:  it  tno.  bowerw,  nlttiMtriy  dctcmiDcd.  on  tbt  SSlli 
of  June.  lliM  ibp  iDCtdc  of  praMcntion  by  mpMchnvnt  tboold  be  r^ 
»ur1«d  (o,  and  Whitbtrwl  wo*  npfololrd  iwuiai^r,  wiib  dirvetioa  •■ 
acquaint  tlie  lord*  on  thr  (uJlowing  day  ibeirwilJi.  On  tbii  oommi 
Pitt  dfli  vend  bMiM<i|wPc4  in  UicMUiatr,  and  argued  atroogly  in  favowr 
or  a  trial  by  iaipeteliaNtit,  in  prcfcrrncc  to  pracMding*  by  a  cTMioil 
r  ptqwwWion. 

Dbo  pr«pafMiofi  being  »ade  in  WcstminitrrJiall  far  ihe.  uwi,  on  fte 
noniiiiK  or  April  (be  S9tb,  1807,  tbc  iorda  end  cokbom  ■iiriiibliJ, 
■nd  Lord  Hrlville  look  hi*  place  witbin  (be  bar.  Afttr  tha  atnatamiia 
of  rrading  Ibe  cbaive*.  &c.  were  gone  through,  thr  lord^chanerUorcallrt 
tm  thr  mmamn  of  the  houtr  of  nwimwu  to  inakc  good  ib«-ir  tbargw; 
tl|ioa  whicb  Mr  Wfaitbrcad  br^no  a  uprrdi  nbich  laitr*!  ihm  boors  and 
t««aty  niiHtM.  At  the  concliiuon  thr  baaim  adjourned  lo  ibv  acit 
day.  On  tke  SOtb  iJin  trial  wa*  re>ua>rd  with  ih«  sraal  crrrmoay  aad 
wilBMaca  vaominvd.  >Iay  Ul,  Sd.  and  3d,  wrrr  alike  noployvd  ia 
reading  ibc  rrport  of  tlic  cutnmtuioncra  for  oavo]  ioquiry,  btcring  r%- 
eeplioM  by  Lord  Mi-ltilU'a  coanaelt  osaaininf;  witM«ws,  tie.  Ou  lli« 
5tb  ih«  ouwinaiioti  of  Mr  Trotter  ooniBcnMd  aboot  1 1  o'duck,  and 
finiibMl  U  4  in  Uit  oAmooa.  lie  aitakted  tbat  bo  «b»  the  irritau- 
agent  of  Lord  Molvillo  as  vaU  aa  dcfiuty-payiBBaler,  aad  aim  [bat  b« 
lud  advanced  bti  lofdahip  •ntnl  loaaa  of  taomej,  but  denied  tbat  Us 
lonkiiiji  ba^l  apftUetl  tbe  pobtle  nmey  to  Ui  own  mtt  or  lawlMial. 
On  tb«  ClJi  ibc  trial  froorrdrd  and  was  ai^joanied  onr  to  tbe  Stb,  on 
wbkk  day,  a*  well  t*  the  fflh,  M>vrfsl  whnetaca  were  uamioeU.  Ob 
tba  lOlb  Sir  8.  Uonilly  ivinnK^  up  tbe  erideoM  for  lli«  ptoaecotioB. 
Ha  MOk*  Uirw  hour*  and  a  Iwlf,  aiid  tbe  court  adjaumi-d  lo  iba  ISlfc, 
wUeh  d^rAodlbeldtli  woreoocopMd  byHrPlonm.  who  ipoke  aearij 
fe«rlioiu*(Mb<lliybd«fai»oo«f  hialordabip.  Mr  Adam,  oii  the  aanc 
iUa,  fpfA  tbe  aUoBlioa  of  tbe  conit  oa  tbe  lAlh.  On  tbi:  16Ui  and 
I7lb  Afr  Wbiibrvad  rrfiliad  lo  Mr  PloDer  ud  Mr  Adam,  and  >ap- 
ponod  ibL-  itruovciition,  wbich  ftoaUy  daaed  the  pnocediu*.  11m 
pevr>  agr«^-d  to  lake  lb«  ouUcr  ioto  eooaidentioii  oa  tbe  IStb.  A 
notion  of  ibaidw  to  Iba  wagfw  waa  madu  on  tbe  SSd  ia  the  eucmnoiia 

XGoMral  I-'itipatrick.  tad  Mgreed  to  with  only  one  dtMcmticnt  voieei. 
the  a|>i>oiniMl  piriod  tbe  pecn  atscculilcd.—ibr  oMisunoe  of  (bo 
Judgai  OB  errtala  point*  of  law  aat  morttd  to, — and  on  tbe  12tb  of 
JuM  Ibalr  lord*kilM  proceeded  to  ddiver  their  vrnlict  Tb«  moll 
ww^  Ibai  bU  lonUilp  wa*  acqaiUcd  of  all  the  charges ;  but  in  faor  «f 
tba  article*  th«  myorlty  \a  hia  farour  did  uot  atiwunl  to  double  tba 
nuraher  of  iboea  lAn  ga>tr  a  tmilrary  judgtorDt.  Ibe  wbote  auiaber 
of  pr*r*  toiing  wa*  oao  bandred  and  tfairty'fivr. 

Lord  Melville  wa*  aubeequcntly  rcetotvd  to  hi*  acai  U  tbe  cowkeil- 


4 


n 


I'uloti.] 


aiR  pereii  parkkh. 


113 


boatil.  hut  iK-Tor  sKoin  nifc3)(«il  in  puklte  ItTr.     He  ili«d  at  hia  iteai  in 
SeolUud  on  the  S7lh  of  May,  181 1. 

Hi*  lonMii|)  vat  a  mtui  i>r  exci^leul  butiaewlubiu  and  gre«t  powcn 
of  KpptiostMD.  "Hi»«loqueoc[-,">ayaoneuf  hMeuloKiaUi  "vu  manly 
utd  vigornoB ;  il  nwo  •nperior  to  omanieol,  and  «a»  alway*  ouife  inleiit 
on  convincing  th«  UDd<nUDi)mg  than  plea^iirip  the  fnocy-  Uar*relliit|t 
witb  ea*e  lli«  niiwt  intricate  dei.tib,  and  iieiiirig  witli  Intuitive  rapidity 
th«  strongliolilt  of  his  ■ubj^'CL  be  mulil  ciiJivr  convey  it  to  bU  audknce 
with  tba  nimpliciiy  or  Mntnnont,  or  imprcM  it  on  tkeir  conviction  nlUi 
nncommon  pnwrrs  or  arft'iioMit  aad  gtvi^t  dl^iity  of  language  and  ad- 
dms.  Hi>  spMrhi^i  in  ddutc  boro  thr  ntnnip  of  n  mind  rich  in  cona- 
nion  *cn».  in  political  Mi^neity,  uiul  in  thr  prrfrct  knowledge  of  liTe 
and  of  affairs.  Pruin  thtur  ijualitic*  even  ttic  aplrndid  and  argunicuU- 
lire  doqiKncc  ul'  Mr  Pill  tiw  often  received  liiv  most  pottrrful  (up{iort. 
In  the  a^ir*  oThii  own  di-pailment  Liird  Melville  watalwaya  prrfKUxd 
lo  aupply  the  rullrHI  inloTmation.  when  the  prudcncu  of  oIKoc  permitted 
the  diadoiurei  and  in  the  bills  wliicli  il  Lielouged  lu  hii  duty  to  pro- 
pOMi  be  >a*  never  utictpiatcd  by  the  sugfEvaUoBk  orvtburs:  but  when- 
eT«r  be  cbo*e  to  adopc  them  he  alwa3ra  improved  by  making  them  ht> 
own."  Hi*  early  attachnieot  to  Pitt  rrniained  (tcadfaat  and  unelian(p- 
nMe  amidst  all  tht?  rieitiitudi^  o(  a  Inug  and  arduou*  career.  Tlie 
ftmng  aflcctiuo  he  entcrtaiiMid  lur  his  prrwMi, — lili  uiuilTr^led  grirf  for 
the  pnuiulure  de«th  of  hia  frieud, — the  foiid  enthusiasm  with  which  be 
dwelt  upon  bis  nwmory.— -are  aeldom  observed  in  tbe  attacbniuntc  oT 
politidon*,  and  are  Ihererore  the  omtb  atriking  and  amiable  when  ibriV 
appear. 


^r  9ftri-  ^atUttt  Bart. 


•OBw  Ji.ii.  17^.— aiiB  j.P.  tail. 


Sir  Pktck  Parkbr.  Ban.  was  son  of  Rear-admiral  Clirutopber 
Parker,  detcended  from  a  tery  respectable  and  anineut  Kamily  in  Irir- 
land.  He  «ai  bora  in  17^3,  and  entered  tlie  tiavy  at  a  very  yoiitlifu) 
a^,  under  the  auspice*  of  li>«  ralli«r.  In  1743  Admiral  Mutilitws,  at 
that  time  oominandvr-in-chicl'  on  tli«  Medilerraneoo  tiaiiun,  advauoMl 
biin  to  the  rauk  of  liciilenunt  on  board  the  flMWrl.  CapLuiu  C.  Louj;. 
During  the  yrnr  Pnrkrr  fillnl  tfai*  appointment  the  Mcdltomonn  fleet 
oontiMcd  in  Mirrcs  bay,  hl«)ckiag  up  the  Frendi  aad  Spuiih  lleeta  iit 
the  birbourof  Toulon,  (hi  the  6ih  of  May,  1747,  he  wa«  promottvl 
10  be  pa«t-cap(ain  of  ibo  Margate  frigate ;  and  thenor  advanced,  at  ilie 
beginning  of  the  y«Mir  1749,  to  the  command  of  the  Lancaster,  a  third- 
rale. 

In  1757  Captain  Parker  commanded  the  WooJwioli  of  44  guns,  un 
tlic  L(«ward  Uand  ulatioiii.  in  the  w|uadran  under  Commodore  Moore 
He  remained  on  this  stalioa  until  aAer  the  capture  of  GuadaloU|)e,  tit 
nliicli  ■ervico  he  wo*  very  actively  engaged,  when  tli«  Frvncli  W|uadroii 
bavin);  sailed  for  St  DomingOi  ood  CwiiiaodiHe  Moore  having  nu  lungrr 
any  naval  forc«  lu  oppoae.  thai  otKcer  ahifted  Ida  pendant  from  lib' 
Cambeidge  to  tb«  BudtlBgbtflii  and  aent  aeveral  of  llie  laq^e  »bip> 
boiUH  with  the  convoy-     Among  iheaa  wv  ibt'  Hrlitd  of  SO  gun*,  then 

VII.  r 


roUTICAL  St  Hits. 


(Kll 


eani)Mfiii(l«l  by  Cafiiain  ParL«r,  »lio,  oii  hi»arMi4l  in  Koglani],  waa 
rMBOvcd  lu  lilt  MoiiIa»ue.  In  llii*  *liip  he  fof  •onto  liair-  rxuiird  in 
ihr  CtiannrI,  where  he  met  « iih  coiMidcrablo  »uccr*>.  capturii^  tercnd 
|)TivaU  thip*  of  «ar  and  other  vemifU. 

Ckptaki  I^fcer's  oeit  «Q<iiiiiiuid  wm  ihat  or  ibr  IIveliiivlNin  of  70 
fOIU.  la  lliii  diip  be  hail  the  |[ood  roniinc  lo  dtitinguiah  kiintclf.  la 
thcapringof  1761.  whrn  C'-ommoilorr  KrpprI  (oilrd  on  the  ripcdition 
l^llMl  Brileihle,  ihr  Buckingham  wax  rniplnj-rd  in  Ihv  oamiaodon* 
M|utdi«n,  B»>l  ailcT  ill*  aiiTTrtidcr  nf  Bcllrldr  contitiiinl  lo  be  Ctifafcd 
in  eoveriog  tb«  Be«ly>«cqDirMl  cou<|iint,  nnd  in  blockiuK  ufi  ibe  *BM)1 
ratmlB*  of  the  Fnaieh  mral  fenw  in  the  iliflfn-nt  cuiiti);aoiM  purl>. 
iMmediauIy  nftpr  tbp  Hitntudcf'  of  Bdlciile  Cunnnodara  Kcfqiel  dc- 
uelwd  a  tqiinilron  uudrr  Ibc  comitiBiid  of  Sir  Tiiaiii«i  SuxUiutm'.  In 
atlacii  indi  »f  ilie  cuciiijr's  >liipi  ns  niiicht  be  \jiuf;  in  BMque  naii,  mot! 
Id  drtlroy  l\ur  uorki  wliii'ti  had  brcn  iTrrtcd  on  (be  liilcof  Afz.  Th» 
BuekiM);faani  »»  in  this  Xjuadron,  anil  tu  Captain  riarkvi*  wa«  inlruali^ 
the  pi-rTonitaun'  uf  [be  taller  ii'ivicv.  Tuwarda  IIm.-  vnd  of  July  tJac 
forti6cati«ut  »ere  completely  dratroynl ;  hut,  iireriu«^y  to  Uw  acown- 
plWimerit  or  ihia  bnaiiiMa.  Captsin  Parker  had  a  brisit  cocoaBler  a^tb 
a  number  of  pntuna  bHongiag  to  ibe  encnay,  which,  hani:^  been  «x< 
pmil)-  coixUncted  for  ihe  purpose  of  carrying  tery  besvj  noBOa, 
irera  conaidfred  txiiYUicly  fbrcuidnble^  uhilr,  from  the  circvniMaBce  of 
their  lybig  rrmatiahly  low  in  the  waur.  it  wax  t-unoeived  ifaat  the  guns 
of  a  ihip  tiiuld  vol  Im  braagkt  (o  b«*r  upwi  (l>em ;  but  in  llii*  llwy 
were  dpceircd,  and  ihc  (waariu  wora  obliged  lo  abandon  tbeir  iltjiidgrd 
attack.  The  <lani»gc  iu>>tained  by  (he  chip*  under  Ca|>lain  Parker's 
cominaod  was  very  inoooMiJerable.  Our  officer  cotilinoed  U>  coiuomimI 
llie  Buckingham  (ill  the  year  1763,  wbcu  that  ship  being  eumaely 
crazy  and  out  of  refwir  wh  ordered  to  be  (liamniilledt  aiid  her  cafilkin 
ap]>oi»(«l  (o  the  Terrible,  a  new  vfaip  of  74  guo*  juni  launched.  A 
treaty  of  iiesca  liaviag  b(«n  ratified  at  Ihe  b«f;itiatiig  o(  the  year  1703 
Ibe  Ttrnbltr  wiu  put  out  o(  coiiiiniMion,  and  Cnpluin  Porker  waa  1104 
Hgafed  ia  any  t»rvicn  dt  InijiorUncc  until  Ibc  ooiBiiieucemeiit  of  the 
AtMrian  w«r. 

In  1772  Copuiii  Parker  rrcetred  the  lioBour  of  knigbibood.  and  in 
1774  waa  nomiMiwl  lo  the  oomwiMlof  (fce  Rarfleur  or90  gana.  To- 
Wd*  iho  ttid  tif  the  year  1775  Sir  pHir  Parki-r  wu  nppoiiiled  to  a 
MtMHind  on  Ibf  Americaa  BtatitMi  wiili  ibi?  rauk  of  cnoimwlnre,  Hp 
MCDrdiM||ly  hoinlMl  kia  broad  pendaiit  on  bnard  llir  Briatol,  a  thip 
ncirty  IwrcIikI,  and  on  the  98tli  of  Dccfmlx  r  *ailfil  Aimi  I'ort^onili 
with  a  MiuadrnM  ct  thip*  of  war  and  a  Bei  t  of  tnniporli,  bviriC  ns 
buMil  a  larye  body  of  Irooni  under  tiic  command  of  KntI  ConiwalU* 
dMlined  fur  tut  atlaeb  on  Cbarlcrtown  iii  liouth  CaroJitu.  MMtintc 
however,  with  cxlrmtely  bad  wcailur  ami  otlxr  impeUimenl*  og  bia 
|MaMig«,  k«  did  Dol  arriw  at  Cape  Fear  idl  (be  bf^ii'iiiog  of  M^.  He 
WM  here  joinvd  hy  UnwrmI  CliiiUio  and  a  rcinfiwxxiseat  of  IroOfM,  InM 
fr«n  MM>a  bnbrr  dally  the  a<)«adtom  «a*  pnrrcntcd  from  procccdiHit 
lo  CbartMliiwii  till  the  tteginnlng  of  ike  iniuing  niuotb.  I'lio  fleet 
havinf;  rrowrd  th*  bar,  it  waa  lipuiid  rMjuiiili',  before  they  contd  ad* 
vanee  b'gher  >i|>,  to  pOMca*  ihtraaWiea  ol  Sultivana  liialid,  whkb  1^ 
•hmt  *>%  ui>U«  iK'Inw  the  io«n.  coninuu>dui|;  tlie  bartiour.  The  Aiue- 
ricane  bad  Uog  rartted  tbetr  iiUnoM  ability  nud  ingenuity  10  pM  tUa 


I 

I 
I 


^ 

I 


rniMh] 


cm  I-KTBB  PAIIKtR. 


IIS 


place  in  K  fonoitlabK'  daiv  of  Jcfi-iicr, — llirjr  liait  cxpm<l«il  coilMikrabI* 
■uniB  of  inouc)-  in  the  crvninn  of  ibrtificatioa*,  anil  il  wu  garrMoncd 
by  300  nrcii.  Tliti  ist.mtl,  howrvcr,  it  irai  molvi'i]  tu  altuck;  and  on 
tli«  28tli  of  JoDei  in  tbc  laonitng,  Ihi:  iiuncTal  and  coaimwUx'V  bavin;; 
flnally  wdlcd  lli«ir  plan,  ilw  I'hiimlcrboinb  took  kor  statioEi,  coTvrvj 
by  tli«  Fri«n<Uliip  arni«d  Mp,  and  brftno  to  throw  ilidU  into  the  ton ; 
at  the  lune  line  the  Brittol,  E\pcriin<-at.  and  Sokbay.  upei>«d  a  nuiU 
furioiM  cannonade.  Tlie  Sphynx,  .Syren,  and  Aclieon,  owiof;  ta  the 
snakilAilneM  of  t]i«ir  pilots,  in  cominii  np  to  llwir  ntutioiia,  ran  upon 
(orao  aboals  and  cluck  fajjl ;  the  two  firal  were  villi  miieli  difficulty  nut 
aft,  bui  not  until  it  iia*  loo  bit>-  tor  ibem  to  be  of  any  sprvice.  It  lii^iufi 
(oiiihI  itnpoMible  lo  save  llie  Actusin.  brr  oflicera  bad  b«r  acuttled  and 
burnt.  Tli«  Hpring*  of  ihe  Briniul'g  enltle  btring  cut  by  llie  abot.  alic 
lay  Tor  fouic  time  ripoaed  lo  a  dreadful  raking  firu.  Captain  Monv. 
h(v  commandtT,  na*  Mverely  vouodtd  In  aeveral  plscn,  but  refitted  tu 
Quit  htt  ttotion  till  a  >liot  took  off  Ui  arni.  The  Brittol*  quarier-dedc 
iTM  twice  iiiiift'ly  cl«*r«d,  exmptiMg  the  commodore,  who  dMpUyetl 
the  rawt  iiilrrpid  eoorvgo  and  molulJon.  Unfbnuualely  lli«  army 
nnder  (jmrral  Clinloti  could  not  eo.apeTMe  in  this  attack,  not  having 
betrii  nble  to  cron  that  f>nrt  of  the  river  which  the  £iiidc*  had  rvpre- 
•enlMl  as  r«rdab(e.  On  the  approach  of  ninht.  Sir  IVtor  Farkr.r,  liitd- 
hig  aU  hope  of  MieccM  at  an  eiHl.  railed  oB'  hi*  shattered  aliip*.  nnd 
retired  nut  ot  rea«h  of  the  ciirniy'n  ihoi.  After  IhU  hilure  Sir  IVtrr 
n-paawd  the  bar.  wnd  aailed  willi  lii>  «<iundron  for  New  York  :  wlicrr. 
on  bit  arriral,  he  put  liini«eir.  as  iMlruotitl,  uiidtr  the  order*  of  Lord 
Vi«eouni  lloire,  ili«  eanimander.in-chi^f. 

In  Decpinbrr  Sir  Pefnr  I'aHter  anil  fhvneral  Clinton  were  wat,  villi 
It  M|uadmn  nf  ibipa  ofvar  and  a  body  of  land  force*,  to  redncc  Kbod* 
t'lamL  During  Ihe  remainder  of  tlis  linHi  that  he  ttaid  in  AnoriM  tho 
mnifiiixkire  continued  in  oommnnd  at  Nvw  Yorl,  but  tho  rcddction  of 
Ithode  Uand  woa  the  la*t  urvice  of  importance  in  which  he  wa*  en- 
gaged titrre. 

On  the  S9tb  of  May.  1777.  Sir  I'cler  Parknr  vu  prumoted  to  the 
rank  of  rear-adniiral  at  llie  blue  ariuadrnii ;  in  ihe  month  of  Noivniber 
fiMlnwing  be  wni  ji|>poinlrd  In  command  on  the  Jimuiea  riatiaD,  b«  Mic- 
cevHir  lo  Admiral  (iaylon;  and  on  the  V9tb  ul*  Janunry,  1778,  Kear> 
wtninil  Sir  Pi^ler  Parker  arrired  at  t'ort-Koyat,  and  took  on  him  the 
eoamand  of  his  inaj»ly'«  ir|uadroii,  in  the  brii>tol  of  50  Kiitn.  On  the 
19th  of  March,  1770,  he  nu  advanced  to  be  i  inr-adiiiinil  of  (he  lituv. 

On  Ihe  Saib  of  Sqilt-inbrr.  I7»U.  Sir  Peter  Parker  wa*  niwlr  vice- 
ailmiral  of  the  white.  He  nuilinned  hit  conitiiaiid  at  Jutnaica  duriiiK 
till  yr«r  1781.  bi*  rniiirra  beinjt  uniformly  tttonaaJnl ;  but  in  lli«  fwl- 
lowlnjt  year  he  returned  to  Cnjfland.  Tliit  waa  the  memorable  year 
nt'  Itodney'a  rpleivdid  vielttry,  and  Sir  Peter  Parker  had  tbe  honour  of 
cnnrtying  to  the  Biilith  ihom  the  Cooto  de  Ora***;  niiH  neveral  other 
Frrfien  ol1k4-r>  of  rank  wlio  were  taken  on  tho  IStli  of  April. 

Mir  Peter  Parker's  progm*  in  tliv  navy  bad  been  regular,  atrwly, 
aiMl  nnifonn  :  hh  private  and  tmiteMioaal  ch^iaetcr  »load  nnini|>cacl»*d: 
and  tlinrlly  after  h»  arrital  in  EnglamU  ■*  a  reward  for  hi*  nuinefoua 
■rrvlec*,  lvr>  had  the  bonour  of  beinj;  raist-d  to  the  dignity  of  a  baronut 
of  Orrai  Itriiain.  Ourin;;  tic  penn-  whkh  lubabted  from  178.1  t>' 
I78S,  Admiral  Pnrier  held  m>  comnunH :  Inil  on  the  comiueuucwcMt 


ritf 


701ITICAL  SBRIKf- 


'  hoMilities  3f;ain*t  Franc*  in  the  lattrr  yr«r,  be  lioiatrd  Im  Bag  o«t 
fVard  ihe  Itcnal  WiUiam,  of  84  gvn*,  n*  comnuDiIcr-in-ciiirf  at  Portt- 
1  mouth. 

At  Die  i^enenit  eleciiitn  in  I7Si  Str  Prior  va«  a  c«mli(litl<:  tar  the 
lhot<Mgh  o(  St*toTti  in  Siiuei.  with  tlio  Honourable  Mr  NVvilh'.  Knd 
I  wait  retum«d ;  but  Iho  ivlurn  irxi  (Irdnrad  roitl.  In  1787  hr  waa 
I  rWted  for  MaldeR-  On  the  dmlli  of  Ailmirnl  llovc  be  brcomc  wl- 
Imiralofthi- tkei.     Hcdinlin  1811. 


MkX  A.D.  1762.— IMClkA.  D.  IRI9. 

Spbkcsh  Prkckval  ww  the  mm.-oiuI  sou  of  John,  Eari  of  EfcmoaU 
^by  Caihcriiif!  Coonplon,  BaroncM  Ar(l«n>  in  her  own  nf>ht.     H«  was 
fliicnlcd  ni  HntTow  hii<I  Trinity  taUtge,  Cambridge.     In  1766  Uc  w«p 
I  CdHmI  to  till-  b*r.  Slid  in  1796  obtained  «  >ilk  KOwn. 

He  enters  parliament  in  th«  latter  year  as  member  for  Northamp' 
'  loo,  whicb  borough  h«  rppm«nte<l  during  tbe  remainder  of  hti  litr, 
tin  iiMin  row  >o  high  in  tbe  euimation  of  the  premier,  tbat  when  Ifaat 
I  niniitcr  irai  about  to  figbt  a  duel  with  T>cni«y,  be  taid.  in  ntply  to  a 
<|u<^i>n  by  Lord  Harrowby,  tbat,  in  the  event  of  hit  death,  P«rc*val 
appeared  tbe  brtt  fitted  to  »nccced  him  in  office.  Hit  flrMffMC^i,  d«- 
Urertd  on  the  3d  of  June,  1797.  wu  in  tupport  of  ihe  Sf^itioo  and 
[  mulioy  bill. 

Under  the  Addiogton  ministry,  PtrMval,  in  1801,  b^rame  tolieilor- 
gmeral,  am)  the  IbtluniDf;  yoar  allunM.-y-gmcnil.  nliicfa  oHiec  he  re- 
bun«d  noiil  tbe  death  of  Piit.  In  tliis  Mtualioni  he  wiu  called  upon  to 
eoadoet  Ibp  pnMieution  of  Jean  Peltier  for  a  libel  on  Napoleon  Boaa- 
Mrle.  Grit  coaitui  of  France,  before  Lord  Ellenborouch  ami  a  apeeial 
I  juty  iu  \Ve*tmioitcT-li>ll.  on  tbe  21*1  of  Febniary,  1603. 

Mr  AMHit  opened  the  pleaflinj;*  on  ihe  p*rt  of  llie  proteealtoa  !■ 

til)'  (ollowiujt  manner  :  ~  Genllemeii  of  tbe  Jury,  tlii*  it  an  informatioa 

'  RMiiwi  tbe  priaooer,  Jean  Peltier,   for  publitbiDx-  in  a  paper  called 

['L'Ambigu,'  Mieral  libeU  agnimt  Napaleon  Bonaparte.  »bo  waa  at 

ftba  Hum  of  tfar  taid  publication,  and  i«  now,  fim.!  cooHil  ind  chief  magw- 

Irataof  ibo  Frrncb  republic.     Tbe  information  tiates  lliat  Ihcr*  lob- 

:  at  tbo  (imo  of  (ucli  publieatloD,  and  doe*  now  nibcisl,  peaco  aiMl 

'harmony  brlween  ihi*  Unitrd  hinf^om  and  ibi!  republic  of  Francvi 

and  tKti  the  mui  librU  lend  not  ocily  to  diaturli  ihii  p«aca  and  harmony 

'  to  hnpjHly  Kuhai'tinp  brtwern  ihc  mhI  cuunlnes,  by  excttltiy;  aciimosilKa, 

■ira,  and   r<*<ciitnietitii,  hot  direrlly  tent)  lo  degraile  and  ritify  iha 

Napoleon  ttonaparle  in  thr  eyr*  o(  tbe  Frencb  nuliun,  and  to  «tlt 

Up  and  nnto  parMOf  tii  Fraaea  to  awamlnatg  and  murder  the  coid  Snt 

MbmI."     Thw  leaned  ominael  lh«n  rtad  the  innahtioai  of  llie  dilTmnt 

I  whieh  wrrv  the  Kibjecl  of  ihi*  proaMalion.     Tbe  firit  wai  in  lh«> 

I  of  an  rale  on  the  I8ih  Itrutnairp;  tbe  *e«md  waa  aUo  m  rertr,  and 

[vntiiled  'Thr  Prayer  of  a  (>oo<l  Patriot  on  the  Uihof  July,  1802  (*  iJw 

third  wa*  a  loitu  ipeech,  tuppoacd  to  have  liren  drlivervd  by  I.r|>tda* 

l»  the   Kdouni  no  the  (liclalornbip  of  Sytla.      Theac  ptecr*  mtn  n- 

trH»rl]t  king.     The  6ft  ode  eontamfd.  among  many  otiier  tlron);  )«>• 


I 
I 


r(«iM-i 


tPKNCBR  PBRCKVAL. 


117 


•^M,  the  fallowing:  "O  eternal  disxracp  of  France!  Wli«n  Camar 
M««  on  llw  Itubicoa,  be  niu  uppotcd  bjr  tlic  opoultr,  by  Pompcjr,  njid 
bj  Caio  ;  anil,  lliougb  victor  on  the  plains  of  Plunalia,  a  dnftger  yet 
rvmaincd  in  the  bonds  ofthv  lost  of  tbe  Romans:  but  FrMichinm  wear 
tlieir  chiiinx  without  a  murmur  t"  It  alio  cMilained  many  otli«r  atnmg; 
)n«*ag<!*,  calling  to  the  FrnK-h  nation  (o  ann. — lo  maroh. — for  the  tinw^ 
admitted  no  delay.  The  ■econd  libel  waa  ^so  la  rene;  and,  after 
aAccting  to  adwire  the  fortune  of  Botiaparte.  Mrhuin  it  devoribcs  under 
the  name  of  tlif  '  Son  uf  Lrtiliu,'  ouncludn.  "  I  do  not  envy  his  fiw- 
tuntw !  Let  him  be  named  flmt  eoiuul  for  life  I  There  la  nothing  now 
wanting  to  him  but  the  acepire  and  the  crown, — let  biin  have  them.  Ii-t 
him  be  elected  emporur  t  Tlie  alory  of  Rooiulai  rcmindi  me  of  thi<  i 
and  I  wiah  hi*  «{>otlif09is  niay  follow  on  the  nmrrow,"— The  third  librl 
bcgiDi  in  this  nianuur :  "  I  hardly  euiieeiw  tJial  the  intldnem  of  your 
nature  and  character  will  permit  you  lo  give  credit  to  llie  rarioun  airo- 
citiea  commilied  by  tin.-  present  dictator  i  it  a  not  only  you  who  culfer, 
hut  your  eliitdreo  yet  unborn  are  prowrtbed,  peehap*  before  they  have 
Mm  the  liglit.  Aud  wai  it  for  this  that  France  ba*  combated  Pnu>ia, 
Rataitt.  Austria^  and  all  Europe,  to  surrender  her  aovereignty  and  her 
liberty  to  a  Conican  rebel?"  The  libel*  wcrsof  prodigious  leugtbi 
and  were  read  throngboul  by  Mr  Abbot. 

Mr  Attorney -general  opened  tlic  proaccution  nearly  at  follows: 
"  Gentlemen  of  the  jury,  you  are  now,  by  the  indicinicnt  that  has  been 
read,  put  distinctly  and  fully  in  powrwion  of  rveiy  inforrnaiion  ou  (ho 
•ubjeei  on  which  yon  have  been  bmoglil  hrm  to  decide.  The  case  is 
•iniple,  and  the  (jnrKtuin,  in  my  mind,  by  no  mean*  ilifBcult  to  be  tried. 
It  will  be  for  you  io  examine  whether  or  not  the  defendant  be  the  author 
of  these  publimiions,  and  whether  or  not  (his  prosecution  be  lighlly 
liruuKht  fomard  betbre  a  Briiisli  Jury,  and  in  a  British  court  of  justice. 
It  is  mipciMiible  not  lo  know  that  c(iri»idtrable  interest  and  curioiily  arc 
altacbed  lo  this  trial:  and  when  I  cast  my  eye  about  Ih«  court  and  ob- 
serve an  attenduuce  no  dilferent  fruiri  what  usually  grac<»  triob  in  courts 
of  jmiicet  I  feel  titat  such  motives  must  have  oiiemlfd  in  a  niore  than 
oruin&ry  d«ftrae.  Many,  no  doubt,  have  been  curious  lo  bear  the  ob- 
■erVaiiuDi  that  mny  fall  from  me  in  condocting  tlie  present  prosecution. 
Yet,  sorry  OB  I  should  be  to  di>appoinl  aiicb  an  aasembly,  the  ouurso 
which  duty  and  loclinution  point  out  to  me  will  not  be  hkeJy  to  gratify 
■ucfa  espcctatiou.  This  duty  and  iuelinalion  confine  me  to  the  drj*  and 
dull  (rial  of  the  inteniinn ;  for  the  law  will  ddcnnine  by  what  lake* 
place  in  court,— by  reason, — by  Justice. — whether  a  publication  of  this 
kind  can  be  defended  as  Innocent,  or  tolerated  as  inofl^nsive.  In  dis> 
cussing  liieae  questions,  so  notoriouj  and  *o  recent,  there  can  neither 
be  much  inttmction  nor  amuaetnent :  and  if  any  one  could  suppose  that 
on  this,  or  any  other  oi>CMion,  I  should  cither  d«'rogBte  from  die  dignity 
of  my  public  duty,  orahrink  from  tbe  faithful  discfaargn  of  it,  he  will  tie 
diiappuiiiivd.  Though  no  person  can  entertain  a  highi-r  opinion  tlun 
1  tin  of  the  ubdilies  and  acquirements  of  the  Irarned  gcnilcman  who  it 
in  lead  the  defence :  (hoiigb  no  pcnmn  he  more  unatTi-cledly  convinced 
of  hia splendid  lalenUi,  his  brilliant  imagination,  hii  cuItivuiMlinisd,  and 
hit  enlightened  rcaaoii ;  yet  I  iloubt  if  oven  he  can  satisfy  luueli  rari- 
os4ly  on  this  uceasioB. 

"The  iioiiiia  to  be  conMilered  are:  WlN'thcf  tbe  ilufemlaiit  be  the 


n« 


rOLITICAL  SIRIU. 


m 


aoiliur  of  ilip  publication  or  itol  ? — %Miat  wa«  llie  intenlioD  or  publMJi- 
,  iuK  ?— What  b  tliv  k|^  cliaraclef  of  goill  or  initoopnce  belongug  to 
Ifl  /—Tlusr-  (jiiuliuria  un-  the  otil^  points  at  iMU«  Wlw<«n  u« ;  And  IWm 
rill  atfartl  littlr  opporliinily  of  (litplajring  tlic  po««n  of  imaginaiios  m4 
I  rrawMiitig  tu  cxcitK  inUtuit  or  liralify  curioiitj- ;  Tor  1  min>t  bring  mf- 
[«eir  In  HippOBC  tliat  tlie  lrariu<d  (^nllraian  would  to  hr  adopt  tb«  aymi 
l«r  Uir  litid  •*  to  make  hia  cIcTefloe  a  repnblioaiton  o<f  tlw  ■lanrlermii 
rnalti^r  iliot  it  coiitaiiiti :  oeithcr  can  I  be  perauaded  thai  he  eould  haM 
li»en  iiBtructcd  b>*  bi*  dient  to  Mtue  iiilo  court  Tor  the  psrpaM  «( 
[n«k.ing  the  procMilinK*  bMi^  a  vtrliicle  for  ili«  wider  JiatfinJaatlott  of 
ttba  libel.  If  Hieli  ncrv  liis  intriitiotift,  liv  would  have  a  vide  and  Bbna 
[riant  field  to  expatiate  on.  Of  all  ihe  txtraunliuary  and  cTeutTitl  6clt 
I  IliU  «rOM  out  oir  the  late  exlraorilinaiy  rcvolutluti.  tlial  whiiih  orq|jKittd 
I  the  pritirnt  gavrmment  ii  inuil  ■iirpniiog.  Ytl  if  uo  Other  KUmMttm' 
\  liiKii  tlian  ibiHH-  of  an  unlinary  divrxi-lioii  weic  lu  tnflu«DCe  fab  IBMH^e* 
'  im-nt  of  tii<-  i1l-&'!icc,  he  will  alitiaiii  from  that  <.-our»e  which  tuay  «sa»> 
)  |K-rate  juttice.  nllhout  wrviiix  llie  came  of  hi*  clinil. 

■■What  11  it  linn);<Bie  here  in  the  dischar)^-  uf  ■  publir  duty?    lpn>- 

'  oreute  this  libel  bcaaa*e  it  endougi-n  tlie  tnui(|uilliiy  uf  thi*  coabtrjr. 

'  ^Vhen  tlH!  quMtioti  shall  ariae  for  eorisidenttion  at  tbc  puniihmmt,  1 

■ppral  tu  my  Iramed  frieiids,  if  f  nouUI  not  ill  diwbar^c  my  doty  (o 

I  the  public  to  tJie  honour  siid  character  of  the  tew.  if  I  nbuulil  not  rar* 

;  nntly  gXTM  the  conaidemtion,  tbni  pracevdin^,  which  bod  brrn  made 

'  tlui  rrhicle  of  defnmaliun  and  atendfr,  should  tint  e*eapc  in  a  Britiife 

I  emiTt  with  impunity.      The  preaenl  proH^ulion  ix  to  noliiry  justice.  Bid 

to  MV  that  the  tew  be  not  dinppMntrd.      Without  prcvi<>u>ly  troubtit^ 

tyoiL  with  Mating  what  the  pfweeutioa  io,  I  (hall  atate  to  you  what  it  it 

»oL    It  te  not  far  a  work  eoaiaiaiaig  an  itnpartial  »ccoun(  of  |]i«  iraa>- 

I  aclloni  of  any  f;ii«n  period  ■— it  is  not  fur  an  historical  nanaCioo  aT 

rveata  la  a  iiei|chbourin)f  eutinlry,  aecompouicd  with  phileaophleal  r^ 

dectioai  on  their  muse*  and  coa>«c<|ur-ncrs  i — it  is  tiol  for  a  publicBlioa 

,  wbiMc  author, — rvm  approaching  to  licrniiiHiioeiw. — has  dealt  m  •inpla 

dcfanialion  in  aiiy  paniriilnT  inttnncr.      Hut  the  caw  which  the  prraent 

liTiMcnitiOB  bring*  to  iiolioe  was  coticcivrd  originally  in  JiUel  and   ta 

,  iManiatioik     Dahmatioa  ■•  Ha  bm  obj««i.     \\a  further  ubjFct  u,  t* 

oxcHc  tha  aab^eeu  of  iIm  flnt  laagidnte  of  the  Frrnch  npublw,   at 

I  pMCC  with  ihii  countrj-,  to  dcpfivo  him  of  hit  autJiority,  and  to  tmtmA- 

'  nate  him.     It  was  pnhliobed  with  llie  iiiieuliun  of  iiaduciag  aad  4^ 

bmiag  NajMleon  Buiisparto.  Ar»i  cooful  of  France,  and  of  eaciting  iba 

hatn-d  of  the  fuliJKl*  of  thi*  country  and  of  hit  ows  k)r«iiiit  him. 

"  Gf  utlemen,  1  aluJI  imw  uy  a  ft  w  word«  on  the  tew  of  the  w*.  I  da 
not  Wl  niywlf  called  upon  to  ilefine  to  what  eiteitt  the  *iibjreL>  of  oo* 
riitintJT  may  carry  their  obtrrvaiioai  or  Riricturn  oa  the  atlmiDistialMM 
nf  aAin  in  anoihee.  But  I  luce  no  dlfHcuIly  in  aMvning  that  a  palK 
liealwn  like  tk>-  preaeal,  lufidinf;  to  embroil  the  traaqndlity  of  natMMk 
and  eaeoarapni;  llie  anauination  of  uoe  who  m,  rfe  /wvn,  fin*  augl^ 
;  irate  of  Franca,  i<  not  morr  op;)o«ite  to  the  fL^in|[«  aod  teniinents  of 
KlIgllaliatrB  than  it  ia  lil>elli>u>  and  illegal.  The  fmr  detail  at  hlttoey,^ 
Ihe  impartial  recital  of  aienia, — the  unprejudicr«l  acrnunt  of  trawiae- 
tloM.  not  remterad  the  vehicle  of  drfaaialioD. — i«  n»t  the  kuhjeet  vl 
tnCimiatliiu.  Dtfiunalion  coixiilnte*  ihc  wbutc  o<  thu  poMicnlioii.  aad 
I  ani  ranKiltnt  i»o  lawyer  will  raaintuia  tlwi  it  ia  pot  an  oReiiee  of  tb« 


r 


PtUOD  ] 


SritKCBH  PKBCKVAC. 


119 


■lii-[K«t  ili^  nnd  uMritiiig  llip  ncTcrrtt  n-pri'liciiiiioli.  It  is  not  poMibk 
t)iiU  there  ran  he  any  iliHicolty  in  Mi|>pnrtiiig  the.  propai-iiioa  (liiU  nicll 
■II  oSciiCfi  BgaiiMt  the  law*  of  the  country  oufihl  to  bo  Mivnrely  punMlied. 
'I'bc  pTOM-cuticMi  U  not  unprccndrntcd.  liutanni-K  of  the  tame  kind  occur 
in  the  bUtory  of  the  country.  I  shall  cite  you  two:  Lonl  George  Uopdon 
«&i  pr«iMCtitcfl  for  n  libel  nftaiiiit  tbc  qiievn  of  Fmriec.  J.  Vint  irat  ae- 
ciuc^  und  coavictcd  ufa  libt-l  ngaintt  tlii-  cnijicror  of  Rtusia,  yrt  iha  1ib«l 
with  wbicb  lie  was  cbar^cil  van  not  markcil  by  any  *aeb  foul  mid  hide- 
ouifeuluriM  a*  the  •uL^ucI  orUin  present  proseoitiiHi.  If  you  liml,  tli<>n. 
tbat  upon  tliac  principle  and  this  authority  (bat  crioie  wa<  puni»linl  by 
a  Britiili  court  of  jutlic«,  it  will  vfily  be  nccMMiy  for  ni«  to  call  your 
attetiii'Oti  to  tliR  litK't  dull  ii  the  Mtbjvcl  or  the  |>re!*eot  protccntion. 

"  It  ia  not  imiuKicrial  to  ohM-Ti-r  that  two  of  tbosp  cbarj^il  am  in  tlic 
fini  nnnibcr  of  the  '  Auibi|iii.'  And  licre  it  may  nut  be  ami**  to  notice 
the  frontbpiece  ot  tliia  work.  It  bi-ars  a  ■phyiii,  At  you  may  pcrccivr, 
with  a  variety  of  ri>i|;itiatii.-al  Egypliaii  6{;ur<.-«,  of  wliicJi  it  would  net- 
tlii-r  be  ta»y  nor  of  eouscqueace  lu  diitouver  III*  meaning.  There  u 
one  circuuistiuicei  bowenr,  whieb  is  decisive  of  the  object  of  thn  pub. 
lit^ation.  Tbe  fac«  oftbe  animal  rcwmblea  Ihatof  ibe  print*  which  are 
jnibticly  known  id  tht*  country  to  be  tntendcd  aa  likentsM^  of  Boou- 
|ttrtc.  Ilanog  n«T«r  Mta  thf<  flrrt  conMil  I  cannot  podiiivtly  affiria 
tiat  it  i*  a  foe  ■imilc  of  bU  coiuiirJMnce  -,  but,  ai  tt  bears  a  Mrikiog  re- 
tenibliincc  to  tbe  print*  thit  aru  uid  to  br  like  bim.  this  circunManco, 
coupled  with  tbe  mutter  of  publication,  can  tenvc  little  room  to  doubt 
that  it*  object  va*  to  drroinc  and  render  him  vilo  id  i1i«  eye*  of  llie 
world  in  iK'natral.  Two  ouniben,  the  Gr*t  and  tliini  of  the  *  Aiubigv/ 
■Tc-  mibjeel*  of  proMvulion.  1  *liall  direct  your  attention  firrt  to  ike 
mailer  of  ihe  third.  [Ilcm  lite  lejm««l  attorne)'  ittated,  tliai,  a*  be  Imd, 
to  Mvu  himiclf  the  pnin  of  goiug  tlirough  the  whol«  libel,  procunsl  a 
learurd  friend  to  rvnd  it  ihraugh,  ho  wmitd  not  Mloir  hita,  but  obtc-nc 
upoa  llie  niatirial  |U[|*  ■>  be  proceeded.]  Thin  libel  kMerlH  that  tlx-y 
bad  in  vain  maiutuinod  a  gloriou*  contcM  againil  Auwria,  ItuMia,  and 
Ibe  power*  of  Hurope,  if  their  librrliea  were  to  be  Micriflcixl  to  tbe  Cor- 
•ieiui.  It  got*  on :  *  And  now  the  tiger  dares  to  call  bioMcIf  tbe  lounder 
lod  prgVDcrnlor  of  Pmni-p.  poucMin^-  biniieir  of  tho  fruit  of  Ibeir  Ubonra, 
H  of  ■  apoil  taken  in  war  I'  It  excite*  thctn  to  rinF,  to  march,  to  re- 
gain tbfir  liberty,  aud  arek  n-vetigc.  Bouapnrte,  it  aaj^,  liM  no  loogcT 
any  objoel  of  ambiiion  but  *e«nrity.  Hi*  Mami  lukw,  Itnvjng  no  con* 
taet  with  the  urniy,  nor  *|M^kin^  the  lau|tUBgc  of  I'Vancr,  are  r««dy  to 
acta*  aute*.  cut-throat*,  and  hangmen.  Every  tbing — -jn^lice,  Ihv  law. 
the  finiACc*,  i*  iu  the  piMM-uion  of  the  deapot.  It  then  ealb  upon  tliein 
to  »««ngc  tlieir  wrunj^  or  periab  with  glory."  After  batring  re*d  tfaewi 
fUMafCtt,  tlM  Immcd  attorney  called  the  Hiicniiou  of  iIm>  jury  to  lb* 
two  libel*  oontebied  in  ibe  tint  number  of  the  '  Ambigu.'  "  U|>aN 
what  principle,  I  will  a»k,"  »aid  the  altocMy-ceiMiral,  "tre  llioae  ef- 
•mplca  of  aacMBitiaiion  rvs^allml,  if  not  for  ibe  pwrpoae  of  eielling  the 
Mbfccta  of  that  chief  wagutrate  lo  rebellion  and  awMaiiiation?  Lei 
ine  not  be  told  that  1  aan  an  etiemy  to  the  E<iRli>h  jveas,  wlien  I  pro- 
•eoutn  ibi-  abiiM^  of  it. — *  licMitioutnea*  that  would  bring  it  into  dit- 
credil,  inhmy,  wkI  disgmoc.  I  will  put  It  lo  yoor  buaotm,  wbelhrr 
audi  a  publieatioo  would  coiwtitnte  a  rrimo  in  ihia  country, — a  p«bli- 
■ition  «o  bate,  m  dicgraeeful,  tlial  even  in  u  time  of  war  1  *lia«l<l  nut 


FOLITICtL  MiKICS. 


licMUte  to  pranouniw  it  uiutifiaMc?  Wr  arrr  tlicn.  tml  are  hmpfiUj 
nov,  at  pCBiK ;  asd  ihr  conduct  tbni  a  ctair  of  war  cannM 
Bdiut  be  cnniul  in  x  higb  dagnc  in  prM«.  Let  nc  nol  b« 
duracter.  Tbc  Srrt  inajnrtnta  of  a  grt«t  natioa.— oo  Hiatter 
dtaceodcd  from  a  long  iinr  of  rojal  nocuton.  d(  Utrly  nuaed 
ftbjTM  of  obacurit}', — i*  mtill<«l  to  rr*pr«l,  and  iboulii  be  trr«ted 
decorui-  Wn  mny  be  told,  gcotUineti.  of  ahoaive  arliftfs  in  lb 
'  Monitrar  i'  I  am  not  hnr  to  viodieate  the  coadnrt  or  tbc  public 
of  iKc  Frrnch  ^Trrnmrnt,  or  it>  joumalHta.  If  there  be  any  lc«tia|p 
in  another  country  tbal  can  reconcile  ancb  vile  ealumoica.  Id  tlim  kan 
the  benefit,  bol  let  not  m*  have  the  diagtnoe.' 

Til*  evi<lri>ce  «a>  (ben  called  in  wpport  of  ibe  proaeraiion:  wfaidi 
cooaiated  merrly  of  proving  tbc  pubtlcaiion  of  tbc  two  papers,  at  ibe 
deaire,  aod  by  the  re<}uc*t,  of  ibe  defrDilaut  Mr  Peltier.  Ly  3fr  De 
BoSe,  agiiiDtt  •hum  an  ioli)nnaltoa  «aa  aUo  filed;  but  Ire  suffcretl  jodf- 
ncnt  to  psM  by  ikball.  Mr  Mackiuiusb  llieii  roa^  and  MMmacd  l£e 
jury,  OB  ibe  part  of  tbe  dertudani,  in  a  atrain  of  eoaanaBinie  elo^wmcf, 
for  nearly  three  boura.  Tbe  allon>qr<geaeral'a  reply  traa  pr«tiy  well 
cooirivcd,  and  a  verdict  of  guilty  obUUiwd. 

In  March.  I8Q7,  Mr  Percnal  wbb  appmoted  eliancellor  of  the  ea- 
cbM|Her ;  and  on  (be  mignation  of  the  dnke  of  Portland,  and  (he  resi|t' 
nationa  of  Caatlereagb  and  Canning,  be  naa  nanaed  flrat  lonl  of  ibai , 
treaanry. 

On  tbc  11th  uf  May,  1812.  be  fell  by  llie  hand  of  an  aMawin  of  the 
name  or  B^llinKham,  vhu  ohot  him  vith  a  pitlot  while  altering  the 
lobby  of  Ibe  booae  ofcOBtDOBa.  Tbe  fotUwing  extract  from  tbe  aUOr- 
nrj^grnenTa  apeocii  o»  ike  tml  of  Belliii)tliain<  plocM  lh«  dfcd  vhI 
titc  molivrt  which  inUigaled  it  in  aa  dear  a  lijcbt  aa  (lie  vhole  tranMcv 
tioQ  will  admit  of.  "  It  ia  not  rercoKe."  »aid  ibc  learned  gcnUeiMa.  in 
hi*  oddreaa  to  tbe  jury,  "  nor  i*  it  menlmcnt,  that  ocjiht  to  have  an 
inflnence  on  your  coaaideration  of  the  qorstion.  You  are  to  MtMy 
pulilic  jwlicet— (o  (ake  care,  by  your  *enUct,  ihii  day,  ihat  tbe  pnUic 
■ball  not  be  eapoteil  (o  ibe  perpetration  uf  auch  horrid  Crimea.  With 
mpcet  to  tbe  jiriaoiier,  who  ha«  committed  (hia  murder  and  aHMatiM 
UoB)  I  know  nothing  of  hi*  lil*-,  or  bow  it  liaa  been  apent,  eicvpt  ao  ftr 
aa  ralalva  to  ibe  circvmaiaace  of  tbb  eaae.  He  vaa  in  haaineaa,  ami 
acted  oa  a  mtrchnni :  in  the  coar*e  of  hia  iraniactioat,  he  ilioved  liin- 
Nfir  a  man  of  tound  umlcrntaiidiog,  ia  every  act  which  be  performed; 
ba  not  only  oonductrd  hi«  own  affair*  with  oadonlandiog,  but  lie  naa 
•rlrcted  by  04hcr  prrwona  to  manage  ihcira.  Some  three  or  four  yran 
aco,  not  Snding  liia  aflbira  praaper  in  (hia  cooalry,  be  una  io(ruited  by 
a  liooae,  I  beliOTv  in  Ibe  north,  (o  nsrcuto  bnaUieM  of  great  importann*. 
lie  wrni  to  Knaiia,  and  thfr«,  whclhrr  throogh  bit  own  miaeendaat, 
tir  by  (lie  joaiicv-  or  injuaticc  of  that  country,  I  know  not,  lio  waa 
thrown  iiilo  priaon,  and  applied  to  bia  najealy'i  rainiUcr,  l,erd  Gran- 
»ill«  Le«T*un  (iower,  and  (o  (be  aocrctary  «f  ligoiion,  iur  Stvplnn 
Sbiirpr,  for  aoiaionce  and  remnneratioo  for  crrtain  loaar*.  They,  br 
niaaon*  h  hich  it  ■•  unncceaaary,  and  would  be  impropar  for  me  to  atair, 
reAiaed  In  gmnt  il.  lie  {hen  came  to  tbia  ooantry,  and  went  on  in  the 
|Mimi)t  of  hit  affilri  tn  the  rrgular  mode.  He  foaod  per*ona  ready  In 
arail  Ihrmaclvra  of  hit  ani*ily,  eaperience,  and  knoitled;;e.  anil  hy 
thini  b*  «aa  rHi|iloy*d.     But  bn  aeem*  lo  liate  chrrnhrd  in  hi*  miml 


r 


PnM».t 


uaAMViLLB  MiAHr. 


in 


a  re«ltn]C  of  ibc  pfOfiritl)-  of  making  an  application  to  |i;ov«nim<-nt.  to 
iiidvitmiry  him  lor  ■■)«•«  whkh  li«  raid  lie  luil  LustHincd  tlirou^h  tlir 
mean*  of  tli«  nuraiaa  KonrmiiM-ut:  aiid  li«  ajifitietl  tu  tiuuy  penmiK  in 
thin  POdDCry  (o  tatuA  faint  m  firucunuf;  (liU  r(iNim|teiit«  wliicb  be  coii- 
c«ired  lie  wu  cntilled  lo.  llie  ftrouiMLi  of  lii<  applicatiun  were  ex- 
aniinod,  as  tbey  always  ar«,  by  tin  inajvBly's  niiuiitvn,  wbo  (bund  th  em 
tiDwonliy  of  ajtentkifit  aad  Uictdora  ibt  claim  wan  r«j««(»d.  He  thru 
hod  nccourw  to  naotUa  mntrivaiien  vliich  be  bupml  (o  have  effccti^il. 
Aa  Ili*  nn^laty'a  miiilKlvn  did  not  wisb  to  iuicrfure.  be  Ixrcauic  dnirout 
of  IwYini;  hia  cue  iKid  bvlurv  parliaoKmi,  lo  m«  if  bu  liad  frienib 
aaon^  there.  Id  obtain  Ibat  wliicb  Iw  liad  in  vain  auuKlit  frou  gor«m- 
■cnl.  Ho  mtde  aftplieations  lu  vaiioua  iii«iubcrs  uf  pailiamvat,  wlio 
deolblad  roiuplying  willi  his  ruiursL  Hi^  tJicn  apjilicd  tu  Mr  Pei'cirvjil 
biiBwlfi  the  laie  tuiiititer,  lo  countetiauce  ha  claiuu;  wbicb,  accurdiox 
to  tbe  forma  of  parUaniCDt,  wui  iK-Maaary  to  be  aigtiifled  to  ttie  houM, 
whro  pecuaiary  aftMMance  wai  prayed  ^.  Govenied  by  tlioso  phii> 
■iples  of  juulct  which  alwayi  regulated  aad  directed  hia  conduct,  bo 
did  noC  think  liinwdf  justifinl  in  «cccdin|>  to  tlie  retjueat,  and  he  refuved 
it.  I-njrm  ihci  laonx'ot  the  [iriMoer  found  Mr  PcrMv&l  would  not  conn- 
tenaocv  what  he  c«ll«d  a  KmuDeraiioOf — from  that  laMDeot  the  dt»ira 
of  NYFfige  took  root  in  bia  nind.  Ho  bad  been  rtoidant  in  Uii»  cily 
for  four  month* :  and  from  the  tim«  be  fonnd  hi*  npfliotioa  would  not 
be  received,  he  mode  prrpaintion  for  pfTr^linj;  the  horribia  purpooo 
wbtcb  tw!  at  lout  InUily  accomplixbrfi  lie  providctl  hiinielf  with  a 
bractt  of  pUtoW^-bc  |iorcfaa*ni  omiuutiitioci.— and  »&•  ready  to  tako 
advantage  of  the  firrt  oppottatnity  which  olfcnsl  lo  proaccutc  bi«  rr> 
vcBgc;  and  for  tlie  puqraae  of  gn*la  ccflainty,  he  iiifoniKd  himself 
of  Un  tioif'  whrii  Mr  Penitral  iwually  attended  the  botwe.  That  avetry 
Ihing  night  br  toimJaWt  ba  ad<l«d  to  the  connnoii  drvM  he  wore  m 
pockatat  thr  nde.  to  n>odv«  OIH  of  the  ptMolk  Ua  tliu  day  nhen  Ihia 
•liooiom  act  wan  cobbiIiimI,  ha  placed  biinaelf  in  the  lobby  of  tbe 
faouHof  coniBOtiaiat  the  enlroner,  cloM  to  Iho  door,  and  aaited  till 
Iba  Tidin  of  bia  malignity  was  likely  to  appear.  He  prr|iared  liimMlf 
liir  tbe  deod ;  ond  juM  aa  Mr  Pereeval  wa*  pauing  the  ilirobold,  be 
diaehargfld  bia  pirtoL  It  unfoetsnately  look  effect.  Mr  Perc*va|  died 
ulnMat  inataBtaiHVualy  !  Undar  ihcaa  circumstances,  you  have  to  say, 
wfcctlier  the  peraou  who  atandi  at  tbe  bar  be  of  bv  MX  tlve  murderer? 
Wbetber  be  iball  or  aball  not  aiiawcr  tlw  ja»lic«  of  hi*  country,  for  tba 
Mt  ba  baa  parforTned  ?" 

Tb*  HaMia  Bibnillrd  tbr  deed,  and  expressed  hia  deep  nf  ret  that 
ba  bad  beea  aaBpell«d  to  selact  «o  ainiablc  n  man  a*  Mr  IV-rceval  for 
hia  netin  i  bat  trgaed  that  in  all  the  circaaiatniictv  he  was  jurtifialilir  ia 
rreenging  binudf  ■•  ha  had  doae. 


tfranbillc  jerf)arp. 

aoaii  A.  o.  1730.— Mao  a.  a.  IBU. 

Tuia  venerable  ptitlouihropBt  waa  hoeo  at  Durham,  oa  llie  lOib  of 
Novantber.  1736.  O.  S.  Ha  waa  tbo  siatfc  aoa  of  Dr  Thooina  Sliarp. 
aad  gnadson  of  Arcibiihap  Sliarfb  tkt  friuul  of  TiUotMu.    Ju  tiut 

▼it.  D 


Mt 


rOLITICAL  SKRIta. 


pri. 


tpii»g  «f  Um  jor  17&0  be  left  Dnrlun,  mad  to  M^j  w«<  bomd  ap- 

pivatie*  in  London  to  a  lincn>drapcr.     At  the  expiraiion  or  hi*  jfiyif 
l»  Mlii|i  be  quiitMl  lib  litantioD.  and  engaged  hitnaeU'  in  the  i 
•MMltM'  linen  betory,  irliich  be  liul  reMon  to  luppoae  eairi 
a  largi?  (Diin>iDlion  :  lint  finding  Ibc  MMiMrn  br  imm  OMtnCCed  I 
he  had  nnttf;inMl.  Im-  lOon  rrlinquished  Iiia  euga^naent. 

In  Uiii  period  Iw  made  hti  ftnt  advaacc*  i*  leaning.     A 
coMrotcnm  with  >in  inmatL-  of  (lif  maaler'e  botue,  who  btppencd  to 
S  Soeinian.  tint  rxeited  hiui  to  llic  atudj-  of  the  Greek  longnc 
dbpotcd  cunfrmin^  the  Triniiy.  aiid  ihealonemeot  of  CbriM;  on 
tomca  the  Soeinian  drelanrd  (liat  Granville  uaa  mittakeo  in  ibe  opinia 
wbicb  he  utlmil,  and  that  hit  miseuneeptiun  aro«e  from  ha  war' 
ac(]vBiotaiic>i!  wiih  ihr  Greek  lanj;uat;e,  "  in  which,"  be  aMeitMl, 
■mbjccu  of  ihcir  ditpute  did  not  aufler  the  inleq>reUiion  wbich  be  [ 
on  them,  and  he  ilierrforc  referred  hini  to  the  New  Te^tamcni  in  il 
origioal  lest."     He  leaniod  Hebrew  nearlj-  al  the  aame  lime,  uhIi 
a  eanw!  etacdf  timilif.     A  Jew,  who  appear*  lo  have  rwided 
hi*  mniief'a  hou*e,  frMjuenlly  eooteeted   vilh  fatm  the  trutba 
Cbri*tian  religion,  and  when  botd  proaed  by  hii  earneft 
eootlanll^r  declared  tliat  be  niiniTilerpreied  the  prophectn,  froai  i 
nnee  of  the  language  in  wfaieb  ihey  were  wriiien;  referring  hint  to  thai 
Hebrew  Bible,  in  the  Mine  manner  a*  the  Soeinian  had  dose  lo  i 
Greek  Tealamenl. 

In  I7(U  hi*  atlrntioTi  waa  first  directed  towarda  tlie  auffertngs  afi 
raee  of  men  who  had  lung  l>ren  iht  uporl  and  rictioM  of  EaropeaaJ 
soariee-      The  pr«lc«^ional  arrangeoienu  of  hit   brother,    Mr  WilliaMl 
^arp,  wboK  hiinn-  uBi  Open  cveiy  morning  for  Uie  gratuilou*  rrlkf  rfj 
IIm-  |KiDr,  were  the  flrtt  mean*  of  briii|;in)r  the  individual.   Strong,  l»| 
Ihi-  knowMgr  of  either  brother.     Pain  aoililiM«t«,  the  cooaenneoee  of  ] 
■even  Mow*  ami  hardthipe,   led   llie  niiirniblo  (uiltrer  to  leek  tbeaid  i 
of  medJcal  attendanee;  and  it  wai  in  dpi-  of  bi»  murDtiig  vt*iu 
forgerjr   in    Mincing  Lane   that  he  wa«  met  bj  Granville,  u 
proaehed  the  door  of  the   house,   readv  lo  Inint  through  cxirvma 
ncaa.     On  inquiry  it  aaji  lound  that  ie  had  been  a  ilave  of  Mr  Ownd^ 
iMr,  n  Uwyrr  nl   Barbadoea.  whOM  bnrbarona  ireaimrnt  had 
grm  redunil  him  lo  a  tiate  of  weakne**.  and  whose   brutal  far 
Iben   turned  him  adrifk  in  the  urecl*.     This  happri>ed  in  I76&,i 
tbe  united  care  of  ih«  two  brotliera,  into  whoie  banda  Strong 
Tideiiiiully  fallen,  be  «a*  reaiored  to  health,  and  ptaced  in  ibe  i 
of  a  rnpectoble  apMheearjr  in  Fmchureh  Street.     In  ibi*  eanftvlayBl 
■linalion  Im.-  remained  for  two  jrrara,  when,  as  he  watone  day  atmd- 
Jng  hit  niittes  behind  a  haekney  coach,  he  vaa  seen,  and  qoickJ;  us 
«niMd  bj  the  lawyer  to  whom  be  had  bpeo  a  »faec ;  and  wbo,  caa- 
eeMBf  from  hi*  appraraace  that  he  muil  have  regained  bi*  flra^lk 
mllicienlly  lor  iMeiul  labour,  formed  a  design  to  rc<oTer  pOfa«Mkn  of 
him.     He  followed  (he  coadi  be  the  ncaiM  of  obuining  inielUgcMi  of 
hia  abode,  and  laid  a  plan  to  entrap  him. 

"Some  dav*  afterward*,  he — David  iJile — oiBpk>)-edtwoortbelOfrf- 
BMyor'a  ollicer*  to  attend  him  to  a  public  boute,  from  wbOBM  be  mtat 
a  meseniter.  lo  acquaint  Joiuthan  Strong  that  a  pmoa  wmtri  to 
•peak  with  him.  Jonathan  of  contae  cante,  a&d  waa  abooked  to  1 
that  U  waa  bla  old  wuMt  wbo  had  irot  for  him,  and  wbo  i 


PtawB.] 


BRAWVII.LK  tHAHP. 


133 


niMlialely  (I«Uv«rr<l  liim  inlu  llw  ouitody  <tt  iliu  t««  ufliver*-  Joiia- 
lliuii,  liuuevur,  »et)t  tur  hin  praeul  niaslT  Mr  Brown,  wlio  libcuJMi 
oaDWi  but  beiii];  vlaleoily  iLrratencd  by  tli«  luwyn,  oti  a  rharf-c  nf 
luving  delained  ttU pr^ptrly — an  h«c«lleij  Slroiii; — h«  nas  idtiniiiliilrdi 
■ad  Irfi  him  in  Ltih-'i  hnnri*.  After  lhi«  Mr  Hbajp  received  a  IrlUr 
tmm  ihc  Poullry  Conipirr,  Mgni?it  Jonntlian  SirOBg,  a  name  wliioli  lie 
ilid  DCri  at  Snt  nvoJIcct :  br  *^nl,  hovcivr,  a  mcMrnger  to  Ihe  Corii|ilvr 
10  inquirr  nlMiut  him,  but  iIip  krr^r  draictl  tbat  hr  had  any  sucli  ji«r> 
•OR  comnitlrd  to  lii*  chnrgt?."  Thi*  Kruaal  u-n*  niffiriiMit  to  rouM  the 
auapieioa  and  rail  rnrih  the  artlvo  bennvaleacc  or  Mr  !>hnrp.  He  weal 
hlnuelflo  the  Compicr.  iiiquiivd  for  tlii?  mailrr  of  tliu  primn.  and  iii- 
•IMmI  on  Mring  Joiutlian  .Slrontc.  flc  ira*  th«n  called,  and  vta*  int- 
ni«dia(<-ly  rccoll«cIn<J  by  Granville  Sliarp,  wlio  cliurged  the  iniutrr  of 
the  ptisan,  at  hi*  oirn  peril  not  ta  (klircr  hini  up  lu  any  pcnmn  «chai- 
»ver  who  nilshi  cbini  him,  anril  he  hud  beoti  carried  bnforc  the  lord* 
najror — Sir  Rubc4t  KilP — to  wliooi  Grniivilla  Sliary  imnirdialcly  n-cnt, 
■ad  i^ave  infomMlioB,  tlut  odc  Juautlian  Strong  bad  brim  conlint'd  in 
priMD  oiihout  any  wamiit:  and  ruqunted  of  hi*  lordihip  lo  (umniiMi 
Uio*^  prrw>ns  »bo  had  di-iaioed  him,  and  lu  gi««  him  noiieic  lu  aiirnd 
at  thr  *Hni«  lime.  This  rM|ueu  ira*  complied  with.  Wfani  the  ap- 
poitiicd  day  WM  come.  Sharp  alimdcd  at  the  Diamioii-lKtuM,  and  found 
Joiuiban  in  ihn  preiwnca  of  ilia  lord-ionyor,  and  olio  two  person*  who 
daiincd  him :  thr  oni:  a  notary  public,  vho  produced  a  bill  or  rdIr  Trom 
■be  original  maiirr,  lo  JaiMS  Knrr,  a  Joinaie*  plantr-r,  who  bad  rcfuMd 
(o  pay  ibc  purehaic  noncy  until  tbo  nt-gro  should  he  dclivrrrd  on 
board  a  iliip  bound  lo  Jouiatcn.  tbc  cajiUili  of  which  (esii'l,  David 
Lair,  waa  the  oihrr  pi-rton  lli<-n  aitdidiug  lo  Lake  turn  ainiy,  Tha 
lord^mayor  hating  lu'ard  the  cUini,  mIiJ.  ihat  **  llw  lad  had  not  •loltu 
any  tiling,  and  wai  not  guilty  nf  any  oflnicr,  anil  woa  tlirrvrorc  At 
lil>«rly  to  go  avay ;"  whereupon  tfau  captain  u-ixi-d  blin  by  ibc  arm, 
and  lold  ihc  lord-mayor,  "  he  took  hiiu  u*  tliv  prapi-rty  of  Mr  Kprr." 
Mr  Bcccb,  lh«  c*ty>eofi>n«r,  non  came  b«hiiid  tjhaip  and  whi9|ierciJ  iu 
bU  car  lh»  worda  **  charge  him  ;"  on  which  Sharjt  tuniinc  lowanls  Uh: 
captaii),  nid.  "  Sir,  I  clwrge  you  for  an  aiaanli  I"  On  thi*.  Lair  qaliied 
hla  bold  of  Jonathan**  arm,  and  all  cam«  away.  A  li'w  dayaafler  ibta 
(nHWadiou,  Sharp  wa*  rharged  by  a  writ,  oitJi  having  robbed  iIm 
orlgdial  uiast«r.  Da*id  Lialc.  iIm  lawytft  of  a  nagro  alar*  and  aUu  4)f 
another  •Jave,  lie.  &e. 

In  lh««e  diaritaMe  nertiaa*  Granvllla  appvan  to  havij  been  »c^ 
cunded  by  hi*  brother  Jnm<<(>  Hv  nlludr*  to  ihia  circtinittaucc.  iu  a 
Isiter  addratted  lo  the  Itrv.  Or  Muyuoii,  in  Notcinlicr,  1767,  in 
vhicb  ba  IMBtious  "  a  law-tnit  commenced  again*!  him  and  lii*  brother 
Jamca  lor  having  lawAilly  and  openly  ubUtn<-d  Ihc  liberty  of  a  poor 
negro  bHbm  III*  cbi^r-iiugiatrate  of  ibc  cily."  But  ilic  action  at  law 
wM  ooi  the  only  wnpon  employed  to  alarm  biiUi  and  to  deicr  him 
fjrom  ihe  proarcalion  of  hi*  human*  loak, — Lkhi  tougjit  oul  lli«  orgro't 
d  at  hi>  brother  William'*  bou*e,  ond  having  announced  hi*  oontr, 
a*  ailiiiiiied.  The  convcriation,  on  oua  patt  at  leosl,  woji  warm ;  antl 
ikle.  after  inrtlrclunl  dcnnncialiou*  of  n>VHnge  in  variou*  aay*,  at- 
mtili-d  lu  intiinuUle  by  a  challenge.  In  what  niaonrr  a  deliaocB  01 
Ibis  naluru  wo*  rccvued  by  a  luo  of  Mr  .Shnrp'i  cbotncler,  <rc  loarn 
bit  own  iioin:    "  Get.  I,  1767.   l>avkl  Li*|i:,  Em), — a  maa  of  ^i*- 


nrom 

^Kta*i 
■Li*le 
^Btemti 


124 


rai.iTicAL  aeKiiOL 


iK»«» 


lord-  bmjpM^^^I 

iciior  broagte  ■ 
17^9,  byiW  ■ 
ilsvo  cowing    ' 


hr  cnllnl  on  nw  iti  Mincing  I^oi^.  to  (femaiMl  );ehl1cflui»-llke 
ftetfoDi  Im«*ii«o  I  hail  iitocunxl  thv  libvTly  uf  bi«  >U*«,  JotMlhsa 
StnMig.  I  laid  him.  tKil  '  uB  Ji«  liaii  tiudi^  ibe  law  *o  many  y«ttn, 
be  tbould  wont  na  mttirnrticiu  tliai  U>e  law  ooaM  gi*«  him.'  " 

Mr  Sharp  kept  liU  wurd  bMbfiolljF,  bul  in  a  wny  lilll«  lo  be  expected 
fmin  a  prnon  wlio,  as  he  himadf  atatca.  "  had  ncvi^r  odcc  opened  a  !■»• 
book  tq  connilt  ■(,  rill  on  occaakw  of  tbc  prawat  mimt-"  Him  fint 
»tq>.  in  order  to  iefend  hinaetf  tnta  tli«  legal  precaw  ui»liUMa4 
a)caiixt  biin,  •as  U>  appl/  lo  an  tmhent  rolieiiar  in  Ibc  lord-nta; 
otiicp.  and  tv  rvtaiB  Sir  James  Byre,  then  recorder  of  ibc  ciijp 
aftr.nrarib  lord-cliitf-juMice  of  llie  cnurt  of  COIDaoo 
counsel.  Aft(.-r  iontL-  cooftidcralioD  oi  tlm  «t^,  the  lolicilor  broaglit 
bini  a  copy  of  the  inlqattoiis  opinion  gircn  in  the  yrar  1 7^9,  by 
aitomcT  luid  Mlidtor>gtnera1,  York  and  Tnlbot.  tLat  a  ilavo 
from  the  WrM  Initit^  to  Great  Britain  or  IrtUwl,  6m*  not 
free,  and  astured  liim  that  ibey  iiboalil  not  b«  able  to  ilaAnd  Wa 
Bgainit  the  action,  ai  tbe  Lorti-chief-jiutioc  Manxfirld  was  alao  dacidedly 
of  llie  saioe  opinion. 

It  appear*  that  he  now  gave  binuelf  ap  li>r  nearly  tvo  yoara,  le  aa 
jntetH*  Mvdy  of  the  Engli«h  lavs  oa  ibote  poinU  panictilarly  wkith 
rmird  the  ttbcHy  of  the  pcrion  in  Brttiab  mbjecu.  In  hb  diHtctik  tatb 
of  legal  inquiry  be  had  no  in*triKtor.  no  auiiiant.  cserpt  bis  una  com* 
•cicnee.  Duriag  bb  studies  be  nppiled  to  the  cckbraled  Hlir|-aHiL 
but  received  little  »nli<lii<rtion  Ironi  hie  o[Hnian  on  the  interesting  *•!»■ 
j<«t  in  queslino.  He  roimlii-d.  likewiH',  icvcral  other  profcaaiaaal 
men  of  nainence,  but  could  tiiid  do  uni-  nlum.-  opinioa  was  ii*«uaUa 
to  bis  uoderUkiu^.  "Even  my  o«u  binyerv,"  lie  rv|)tati>  ** 
Bf^ainit  flie."  By  eontinuiHl  applicalion.  hosewr.  befcfw  the  final 
wlfcn  be  «m  to  aniwrr  the  charge  agoJDrt  (lis  brotber  and  bia^C 
GnuriUe  had  added  to  a  iboruu^li  invaatifaiion  of  the  fingUsb  lam 
ntoeli  cximDCon  rraenrcli  into  tboM  of  otbsr  lulioMi  and  kc  bad 
voaipllMl  In  manuseiipt  a  tract  'On  the  InjuMico  and  dugaroaa  tea- 
donoy  of  lolenUiBK  the  Inut  riaim  lo  private  Fropcrty  in  the  pnaaaaof 
Men  in  Etifiland."     Thti  iract,  wbcn  cootpletod,  he  aubmlUcd  M  iba 

Cruinl  of  Blnck»lo«ie  i  and  tlien  employed  bis  utmost  rAiirts  to  drca* 
te  it,  by  mean*  of  numerous  cojiio  aaioo);  those  on  whom  hr  «(ak«d 
it  to  prodncx.-  a  favourable  cfert.  Tbe  arguments  contaiood  in  it  mom 
itresisUble,  and  by  iu  luccess  be  had  lb«  utislsctMn  of  amply  fnHHII^ 
his  promise  to  bis  sjitagoBisl.  "  Tbe  subatnnce  of  ibis  tract."  be  aajnw 
*'  was  haiMltd  about  aaioBg  the  gendcm*^  ^  ibc  law,  in  twewlj  ar 
moec  difliN>anl  nsaaascript  copies,  tir  neaHy  two  yean,  uoiil  tlie  lawycts 
n>ploy«l  agafaM  Ibe  atgro,  JoMsthan  Sironpt,  «<^re  intimHlated.  and 
the  pUintiCwaa  eoai|)dbd  lo  pay  treble  costs  for  mm  bnuginit  farwatd 
(he  ai'lioN  i  after  wUeb,"  lie  a^  ••  ib*  met  iras  primed  iu  1769." 
At  Irogilr,  Ibe  laipertant  cose  of  Jaiaes  Somerset  presented  liailt 
a  ease  whirb  Is  Mid  to  have  been  seleetsd  at  ibe  mutual  dcsin  alLmi 
MaasflsM  and  Mr  Sbaip,  in  order  to  bring  to  a  laaJ  jwdKBieal  a 

of  eeMest,  which  from  lbobeiievolei»coef  the  faUter  so  Rvqueatly ,. . 

and  from  the  legal  researeha  and  abilities  of  tbe  formet  so  miieb  •jtabtr^ 
>mssd,  lh«  courts  ftf  Jadtcaliire.  SamriM't  had  been  brought  lo  E^^ 
laad,  in  Novembev.  IJOfl,  l.y  hu  rauulrr  Cluiln  Strwart.  and  in  pm- 
-     I  of  lime  hk  bim.     &■•«  ait  luvad  skU  o(«ponuni|y  of  scuwg  btm  «»- 


Xmm.} 


BKAKVILLBaHAIir. 


123 


■warei ;  and  lt«  «u  coaveyM!  on  board  ihv  Ann  aiid  Mary,  CapUuii 
Kuunltr*.  in  9nlcr  to  be  ctrrled  lo  Jkmuo,  aail  there  to  b«  Kild  ftir  h 
aUrv.  Tlie  le«*Iiiig  oounwl  «'••  Mr  Sei^nnt  Davy,  <rlio  brought  the 
cane  into  conrt  before  Lord  Maitfflold,  on  ibo  24lh  of  January,  but. 
profeaaed  tli«  caow  lo  he  of  ao  high  impoitance,  thai  it  miglil  be  rfe- 
forred  till  another  lomi,  in  order  lo  gire  him  time  lo  prepare  folly  for 
iia  au^)ori-  Tbia  mjuort  Lord  Maiuli^'I'l  dcciincil  granting,  but  fixed 
the  hearing  (or  that  day  lbrt*ighl;  apprizing  Sergeant  Davy  at  the 
aama  tiine,  ihat  "  If  it  should  come  lairly  to  ihe  gerieral  queftion,  what- 
ever ihe  opinion  of  the  court  mighl  be,  er«D  if  ibey  were  all  agr««d  on 
ooe  tide  or  ihe  oilier,  the  aubject  wat  of  to  genera)  aod  exIeiMivb 
concera,  that  from  the  BOlure  of  the  quettion,  be  thonht  emaitily  take 
the  0|M*ion  of  all  the  jttdgea  upon  it"  On  tlic  7th  of  Februarr  the 
oaae  mm  a^ain  brought  belbfe  Lord  MansHeM,  astislMl  by  the  llirew 
juaticefs  Aabton,  WitlWi  and  Aeburai.  The  caute  of  libvrly  u-as  opened 
by  Mr  SrrgMDlDavy,  uKh  a  vaat  man  ofioforuaiiou  on  Ibu  mbjeot 
of  alaTery,  prefaced  by  a  declarallao  of  hu  iulention  to  niaiiilain  bufbrc 
Ihc  court  the  propoallion,  "  That  no  man  at  Ihia  day  in  or  cun  b«  a 
*Uv«  in  Eagtaod.**  Mr  S^r^eant  Glynn  fblluwed  on  tbe  same  nide, 
sod  enforced  very  poanfully  the  argumentt  propoM<l  by  the  l«odlo|; 
couofd.  At  tlw  conelujiMti  of  Mr  Sorgeunt  GJynn'ii  spv«eh.  Lord 
Matwioldf  after  aome  thort  queuioos  addi-i),  "  This  thing  Mema,  by  tbe 
WgimUDtt.  probabia  to  j^  to  a  great  lengtli,  and  it  is  lite  end  of  the 
tofBi  fo  it  »ill  be  hardly  poaaible  to  go  through  ii  without  Moppiii^;, 
thtraAm,  tot  it  staod  over  lo  the  nest  term." 

Oh  ibr  9th  of  May  the  qaeation  waa  a§ain  broogkl  before  tbe  MHirt, 
on  Ihc  broad  and  gnicttl  ({rouad,  "  Whether  a  sbre.  by  roniin^  ioio 
Kqgbiidi  btwwaea  free  T  On  ihia  accond  rradln^.  Ihr  plradlnga  in  fa- 
War  of  SoBirtMl  were  rcuinKd  by  Mr  Mansfirltt.  who,  in  a  spnvh  of 
MrtMif;  ie«iao  tmd  npmaion,  conlrndnl,  that  if  thi-  nrgro  SomrrM't  wm 

0  inan — and  ba  ahould  eonetuili-  hini  one  till  ihc  coiirl  ihould  adjudge 
Otherwiae — it  waa  impooaJblc  he  cnaM  he  a  ulavc  in  Roglond,  unli-ia  by 
Iho  introdnetion  of  aooM  ipeciea  of  properly  unknown  (o  our  coa*titD- 
lioB.  H*  GOMMkrcd  iho  diapiate  oa  hrlwrcn  one  htitnan  ereaiorc,  tlic 
maater,  aed  another  the  nr^ro,  wh(4lier  the  latter  ahould  Iwt  eniiiled  lo 
the  ini]iorUnt  rigbti  whioh  nnturo  had  given  him.  He  vai  atatcd  by 
the  muater  to  have  been  a  alavv  in  America,  but  that  did  not  prorc  him 
a  aUm  in  Eu^bnd,  wbarr  no  meh  condition  of  men  eaitla.  *'  From 
nil  that  can  be  drawn  ftom  the  »iaie  of  Afrieo  or  AmenVji."  aatd  (he 
orator,  "llu-  m;(ra  may  nry  well  anawer — It  n  Iror  I  wa*  a  dnrr,  kept  a* 
a  alave  in  Africa,  I  wa*  first  put  in  chaiix  on  hoard  a  Briiith  *hip  nod 
carried  hom  Africa  In  America:  I  ihrrr  Ureil  under  a  Riaiter  fram 
wfao«e  lynoay  I  eould  not  eacnpe  ;  if  I  lud  alleRi}itr<l  it  I  ihculd  have 
Cipoaed  myicir  to  the  WA-cmt  puniihmetil :  and  nrvrr,  from  the  firal 
munent  oftny  UA  to  |Im>  prctetit  lima,  bavn  I  been  in  n  country  where 

1  l>ad  a  power  to  maert  th^  eomnon  righli  of  mitnkinit.  1  am  now  in 
a  country  where  il>«  lawn  of  liberty  nrc  known  and  rp|;arded;  and  can 
you  tell  Kb  the  nsiHHi  why  ]  am  nnl  lo  be  prntvclcd  by  lho4e  Ian*,  but 
to  be  carriu)  nw.iy  n^-uin  to  be  m4(I  ? — To  hear  a  ncgm  ttate  tliul  ar- 
gvnenl."  he  eontiniK'tl,  "and  harr  it  aniwereil,  cooBbtcotly  with  our 
tatta,  M«ma  to  me  U>  be  inijiouiiMr ;  for,  on  the  conlrary,  he  ia  aa  folly 
and  dcartjr  tntiilcd  lo  Uic  jwoicclion  of  Uiom  law*,  at  mery  ow  «ho 


US 


tvLtTUAt  »a»»». 


in 


vhkk  1^  bMB  MlevrCHl  iB  «b«  hn  of  Eaehad.   by  ik 

I  «f  k  ■■«  tfec*M  of  alan*;,  ww  to  prtJ%it«i  «ad  tmpm- 

vmU  fa^M*  M  ■■■7  ni  ivwh  wgriwhiM.  tkM  it  woaM 

'  k«  far  hijwJ  iW  cxMM  of  •■»  p»««r  that  tmld  kplly  cxcreiir  h. 

[  «Mf9t  Ac  JigMwrc  ilMlL     -  B«i  1  tnfn^*  aided  ^  «■«;&  s  kTud  of 

ikvHT  *■  Miv  ImI  it!  wwf  mOo  Figlwifl;  asd  I  apfmknd,  UmI  bf 

y«v  Igidiiif  i*  dtdrioB,  tUi  ■■■  wffl  rtakrt  U*  Hbnty." 

Al  the  wd  of  Mr  HaadUd's  ifxcck  ii  wffimn  thu  Ut*  ea&M  v«i 

fcfOw  ■^{■■TMtJ  10  die  Uth  of  Mvjr.     TV  oprctttim  of  oU  T«rt>t« 

«M  MBw  iMMd  to  the  ■iBUit  |)*tcfe,  when  ftMaUj',  n  Trinitv-trrni,  on 

Mnadiy.  tW  tld  af  Jmib,  "Tbt  eoart  praewdtd  togw  jnilginrtu  a 

,  Ike  CMC  of  Soamiwt  Cbe  m^to,  tiwa  bdbi*  llw  court,  ao  Ibe  oMCka 

,  flf  Ike  llaheii  Caipqfc"     Lwd  HamfieU  Sm  *Uted  the  reitiro.  ead 

tlw  to  A*  feUva^  poiport :  "  We  t»7  <lee  Mtcation   to  rbc 

I  of  Sir  Pkdip  Totie  and  Mf  Talboi.  tak«a  ia  the  Tear  l?29. 

vkcnAytlMy  pledge  ilMBHin*  to  Ike  Wcatladiipl*Bte»  for  ifae  Ir^ 

•  ef  flsTn  MRiing  bere,  or  being  beptiied.     Tliii  opioiMi 

rraeegnuci  by  I>ord  Hudsieke,  sittiug  aa  chaucrllor.  Janr 

,  ftkt  1744f  to  tin*  cC««( :  *  Tbu  there  hxl  been  a  prtniling  opioioQ  in 

Ike  CTbmw  ibu  baplMB  we*  an  emancipatioa  of  e  iwgto  tUve,  and 

'  tkiti  ia  aoawqanice  oT  evaiDB  here,  *aci  4aTe  be<aBie  free ;  bm  hr 

^«at  addM  there  *>•  ao  gnmad  fin-  the  opinion ;  and  be  and  Lonl 

TalbM  bad  ao  esprewed  tkniMlTca  itpoa  a  caue  refrired  to  iben  far 

tbetr  opinioaa,  wbea  attoraoy  gm?«l  and  lolJdUt^iteraL     Tbey  bad 

glvea  It  all  tkc  eoaMdenlioa  that  ibc  Hibjeet  eoBld  reqiiuv,  and  be  «■> 

Mliiied  Ifctt  wtUMT  baptiaiB  nor  coning  to  Eogltwl  nade  aaj  allcn- 

IMO  la  the  iMsponl  data  of  tbe  abve  : — that  the  ■umte  of  ibe  ISth  af 

Cbarka  II.  chap.  M.  had  abaUfhed  rHleint  rtyardani;  b«t  if  a  Han 

va«  eUWa  te  gmt,  be  Iwew  of  do  law  vliicli  c^nld  poMibly  [wawai 

Iba  oyanllaa  of  tucb  canfeatioQ.'     We  have  likeniie  paM  dne  re^id 

la  the  ouBV  amaieat*  urged  at  Uic  bar  uf  ineonvenietice :  but  «e  arv 

'all  M  etiaHy  or  oae  opinion  upon  the  ciueation  before  oa,  that  ibere  4* 

JW  aacwrfty  la  refar  It  to  the  Iwelte  juil^es.     Tlie  queatlon  it,  vbetfccr 

Ibaoiptalit  katfelamed  aaufBdent  eiuiMt  forllui  detaiaerofSo  — W I ? 

Tbi!  cauM  reluracd  i*.  that  he  bad  kept  him  by  order  of  hta  naakr, 

allb  an  latent  to  aeod  him  abroad  lu  Jamaica,  tliere  to  be  aoM.     Sn 

high  aa  aot  of  doailakxi  nuH  dtrire  ita  fur«c  from  ilie  law  of  tbe  coon- 

Iryi  aaillf  to  bo  jutliftcd  here,  niuat  be  juaiiHcd  by  llio  laws  of  ICoglaod. 

Mlvary  hai  b<ro  iJllErrent  in  diSerrnt  oget  aii<t  •Utea.      The  ru-rciaa 

of  iha  power  of  ■  maaler  over  hii  »Ufc  muu  bo  *upported  by  the  taw* 

of  paruoalir  ooantriea  i  but  ao  forei);aer  can  in  CDgland  claim  a  rteM 

•*er  a  nun :  audt  a  claim  ia  nut  kiiunn  lo  the  law*  of  EaglaiML     in* 

■««aorlal  HMgn  prtMtvrt  a  poattive  law  alter  the  oceaeiow  or  accidrat 

I  birh  pate  n*e  to  it  li^  btcti   forgolUrn  ;  aorf,  tracing  tbe  tubject  la 

.aalural  |ttiitcipl»,  ilie  cUiui  of  ilaicry  iM'trr  mn  be  lupportrd.     Tbe 

Vtf  clainied  netrr  wa*  ia  qmi  here,  or  acknowledged  by  iba  law. 

tbe  wbolr,  wa  caiiuot  *ay  the  nufe  telumcd  ia  Kitficn-ol  fay  ibe 

!■  :  and  tWrirvre  tbaaMliniuat  bo  ditdiarged.'      TIieever-inrBonUe 

.rriuli  of  Uii*  trial  ia  ibtia  aotlcod  by  Mr  Sharp:  "The  ju<l|tn>cnt  iboa 

"wnounoed  by  Loril  ManifnIiJ,  haa  eauUinhnt  the  (bliowiaf!  atioiii,  a* 

Mr  SerKtout  Maij  :  '  \%  aoon  u  any  dare  i«u  bi 


I 


I 


w 


Piaio*.} 


OVANVlt.LB  SHARP. 


lar 


An  Ei)gli4b  ground.  h«  becoiOM  fnx.'  A  sentence  to  bt  en^ravtHl  for 
crcf  OH  our  h«rls."' 

On  th«  mcinonbU*  day  which  Irrminntcd  llic  cause  of  Somerset  anil 
cstsblinhcd  tha  rigbts  of  all  negroes  in  Engtond.  Mr  Sharp  receired  the 
first  otttrring  of  ■  correspondence  iDsltluled  fer  the  sole  objnct  of  for- 
warding  the  deiirerance  of  African  niid  other  ^ares,  but  tending  also 
in  its  progress  lo  rcmlrr  him  a  partaker  in  tlie  |;reat  political  strife  bc> 
Iwcen  Great  Britain  anil  brr  colonies.  His  correspoodi'nt  was  An- 
lliony  Benr-iRt.  a  highly  respectable  member  or  the  sucieljr  called 
Quaken,  in  North  America.  He  liad  entabliihctl  a  fnrL'-schoot  at  Ptiita* 
driphia  li>r  tl»c  cducnlioD  of  black  people,  and  lie  took  erery  opportunity 
which  his  litunlinn  gave  him  of  pU-mlitif;  in  tli«ir  belialf.  Tlie  tract  on 
ibc  injiuiicc  of  slavery,  anil  thr  diipcrsiuu  of  it  tliruugliout  America  by 
BcDcxet  and  other  msJou*  Qunkcni.  duriii);  tlic  coutae  of  three  auccci- 
aivc  years,  from  1769,  had  alreuily  iitoduc>.-d  the  moat  powerful  elTucts. 
The  bouse  of  Burgcns  and  Virginia  sent  a  petition  to  the  kiofd  dated 
lat  of  April,  1772,  wherrio  they  implored  bis  maje«ty>  paternal  assist- 
uee  ill  avertiiif;  "  a  calamity  of  tlie  most  alarming  nature."  "  The 
importation  of  slaves,"  tbey  said,  "  into  the  colonies  from  the  coast  of 
Africa  lialh  h»g  been  eonsidenil  as  a  trade  of  great  inhumanity,  and 
trader  its  preaent  encouragement,  w«  have  too  much  rewon  U  fear  »ill 
endanger  the  very  exiiteiice  of  your  oi^esty's  Aoiericnn  doninioiH." 
In  MOM  oiber  colonial  assenblifis  it  had  cither  eicited  or  strtngUientd 
■II  MnMt  wish  10  aboliiih  slavery  as  well  as  the  sIaT«-traiie, 

GrBBTille  Shaip  was  at  this  time  a  rlerk  in  the  ordnnnc«-oi!lc«.  Tbat 
situation  be  reigned  on  aooouul  of  hi*  coDfrcivntious  objections  lo  the 
proeeedinp  aj^irnt  the  American  colonies.  This  act  he  thus  notices; 
"July  S6th,  177o.  Board  at  Weslminster.  Account  in  Gazelle  of  iha 
battle  ofCharicsIown,  near  Bottom  and  letters  with  large  dcmatiils  of 
ordoaBCe^tores  being  received,  which  were  ordered  to  be  gut  with  all 
expedition,  I  thaogbt  it  right  to  declare  my  objecliona  to  (he  being 
■oy  way  concerned  in  that  uonatnnl  business,  and  was  addutl  by  Mr 
Boddiagton  to  nsk  leave  of  alwcnce  for  two  mouths,  as  the  board  would 
mice  it  more  kindly  than  an  abrupt  resignation.  I  wrote  that  day  to 
Sir  Cltarlcs  Cocks,  clerk  of  llic  ordnance,  and  receive<i  a  very  [lolito 
answer.  Sir  Jcffrry  .\mlierst  and  Mr  Langloii  were  made  acquainted 
with  my  objections  by  Mr  Boddingtoo.  and  al»u  with  the  adrioc  he  had 
given  me,  and  they  approved  oftlte  niannrr  of  my  absenting  mysdf. 

"  April  lOdi,  1777 — This  morning  I  called  on  Sir  C.  Cocks,  and  ro- 
iigftod  my  post  in  the  ordnance,  Mr  Boddingtou  having  acquainted  mo 
ihal  mattcn  wcr«  so  circum>lanced  in  the  office  at  present,  that  Sir 
Charles  did  not  think  it  prudent  to  groot  oie  any  longer  leave  of  ab- 
•eiMe.  I  went  on,  however,  with  the  current  buainess  of  Ibe  office, 
excepting  what  rebtrd  to  pieparalion*  against  the  Americans,  uDtil 
Monday,  the  3ist  of  July,  when  1  delivered  up  my  keys  lo  Mr  Bod- 
diogton." 

Granvilk'a  silualion,  after  he  had  mignod  Im  employment  in  the 
enlnancc-oRioF,  waa  suHiciently  singnlar.  His  resignation  hod  in  it  all 
thai  b  GODsidend,  in  a  worldly  point  of  view,  as  an  excess  of  iinpm* 


'  TIm  ItallMi  aMoanl  of  ths  plsntinci  in  Uiii  nost  iaUriilJRg  «■•  b  la  bt  Ibaa-J  in 
Ibfips**^  ■  CoUaeiioD  uf  the  StiAm  Tilkh.' 


1SS 


TOLITICAL  lltniU. 


pUm 


dM«e.  He  ImhI  apcndMl  llw  mnaiiH  of  Ua  palenul  inlicntauee  mmt 
lh»  fruits  r>r  bis  FTOploj-mcnt  in  acta  ofttoualjr,  tad  the  proiMtor  «f  tfe 
knlplcm  (lond  bimaelf  witbout  (lie  tnowi  of  tnslMiaDCfc  Bat  the  sw- 
dial  BUacfamrat  of  hi*  brotben— «U  DO*r  pnwpvroiu — farouitlit  then 
inatantly  orouml  him.  In  a  Guniiy  tnnttowiag  «iili  mutual  Jons  Bad 
bcnrrotnoci  Ibc  act»a»oa  to  their  lioa»ebidd  of  aoeb  &  relalion  u  On»* 
villc  had  ev«r  Invr  acroiintcd  a  treasure,  not  a  bttrden ;  tliey  nrmmeid 
tbat  obadienc*  to  coiMciriicc  vbicb  bad  deprived  bim  of  bia  oompetco^, 
■nd  ibcj  rtroTv  lo  compcnntc  bia  loaa  by  ctci;  ad  of  reapect  aad  kiad- 
ncac 

Soon  sftar  Mr  Sharps  migration  o^carrcd  tbe  caae  of  MiBaehip^  ■ 
frecnian  of  the  oity  pf  London,  ptTuml  in  Um  BKNith  of  >farcli.  1777. 
Hi*  C9LIM  naf  instantly  taiim  op  hy  the  comtnon  coandl,  and  aa  at4t( 
WM  girtii  by  tbe  lord-iaajror  (hat  an  appUcatjoa  abonid  be  aiaila  to  lb* 
adtniralty  to  obtahi  bia  dbchargr.  llib  applieatiao  not  being  nicn—i 
fol,  a  coramitire  of  Ihr  oocnmon  cnancil  waa  autboriaed  to  pnamd  ia 
taking  aaeU  me-wtirr*  m*  ibpy  nhould  think  ftt  fee  procnring  bia  iaaw- 
diale  liberation.  A  writ  of  Habeaa  Con»ii  «bi  th«n  obainad  hf  Ika 
cily-aolidtor  frotn  Lord  Msnofield ;  and  th«  imprcwed  roan  bariag  •■ 
the  iDcao  iin)P  been  tent  dovn  to  the  Noee,  the  ci^-narcbd  ovtM 
the  writ  on  board  the  admirala  aliip,  tbea  tying  ihcro,  and  MilbcWp 
waa  iaitaatly  given  up,  broogtit  back  to  town  and  divcbari^ed.  But 
after  the  alwin  luterral  of  a  forlnigbt  Millaeliip  vaa  a  second  litaa  tn- 
prrwcd,  and  the  eoDimiltee,  in  oontequencr,  ordered  appLiealioa  lo  be 
made  for  anoUier  writ  of  tiabra*  Corpa*,  directed  lo  tbe  comwaariw  ef 
die  receiving  vnwri.  Some  objirtinns  vera  made  bjr  Judg*  Aaloa  to 
the  mod*-  of  proceeding  adopted  by  ihi-  city  in  procviing  ibe  fcfBV 
writ.  Itui  Mr  Duoniag.  Uie  couind.  havinff  eiplaiaed  and  Jaidflvd 
Ibcir  condnct,  ibe  writ  vaa  gtaated,  and  ibc  cnuie  wna  hrombi  ImIImb 
Lord  HanaAeld  on  the  7tb  of  May.  I?;?.  It  >a*  finaltr  arJetW  l» 
Maud  over,  and  Milbcliip,  in  the  mean  time,  ««■  diMharged  oa  tbe 
neogaiianoi'  of  Ibc  riiy-solicitor;  bot  the  ca«e  mas  avret  bfOOgbt  to  aa 
JHae.  Althoagb  tarioua  roemornnilucna  ilmionitrstc  ibat  OfiPviUa 
look  a  very  actire  interoat  in  thia  proorcdin];.  i(  u  ilillicult  to  atuiffcln 
^-«t  tit  great  a  dintancv  of  linic — in  what  degree  either  bia  wiaMaai- 
eatJoiis  will)  tbe  membtn  of  tlie  oommiliee.  or  hii  example  ia  tlie  OM^ 
dsct  of  the  aefio  eaoMi  ia%bt  have  inHurnced  lltcir  mcajurca^  A 
report  from  the  eounfUeo  on  caae*  of  im)irrunirot  apprara  aiaong  Ua 
papera,  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that,  agreeably  to  hit  firmer  ca»- 
lon,  ba  drculattfd  bia  own  and  Gcaeral  Ogltdiorpa'a  retoarka  aaoif 
•fl  tboaa  who  were  prculiaity  ronetirtied  in  tbe  cireumdance.  It  ia  net 
mbfcely  that  tbe  '  Remark*  oa  Impn-Mnd  Seatnen,'  gatierally  atlritavted 
lo  btm,  were  written  at  Ihia  time,  though  priatHi  louf  alkerwanla. 

la  the  eourae  o(  km  piettiona  concerning  imp r wild  »HBien  hi*  aolra 
TOMnl  an  intirrn-w  with  Dr  Johneon.  '■  May  SOlb,  1770. — Called  oa 
Dr  Johnaoik  Mad  a  long  debate  with  bim  about  tbe  legality  of  fsi^a- 
I  fag  wtmmm.  Ha  «aid  It  waa  a  cotidtlion  neceaaarily  atteadti^  ihM  way 
or  1I& :  and  wtm  ihry  entered  inio  it,  tbey  muM  lafca  it  with  aH  Ha 
drvamiLancn ;  and.  knowing  tbia,  it  uibm  be  conildered  aa  a  volaalfy 
aervlcF.  like  an  inn-keeper  who  knowa  bicnacir  liable  to  hare  aoldiar* 
i)uaner*d  upon  liiw." 

From  ilKr  lima  tlioi  he  publiiltrd  hia  tract '  On  Eiiuiiable  RqweaeaU' 


I 


rUMaa^I 


BRANVILLKKIIAIir. 


IS9 


lion,'  Ik  look  a  rery  ulive  iwrt  in  prutuuiiag  ibe  plan.  (Iieii  in  (lublic 
ogiutiou,  of  |]«rliun«nUry  rebra.  Ha  entered  into  an  extentire  cut- 
re»|ioDi)i!nc«  witii  th('Poniinillersor««ociaiKM«  formed  id  various  cuun- 
IM* ;  and  •boitl)'  oiiermanl*,  (indiRg  tfcnt  fat*  Jdena  of  tbe  legal  duralioit 
of  fwriiamant  did  Dot  coiuciil*  with  iboM  of  icveful  of  tbe  oommiUeea, 
be  brumdcd  >  ptintr<l  circular  leitrr  to  tbe  petitioning  coanties,  cilie*, 
and  tovR^  aildmued  to  their  mpeclivc  ^i»cral  in(«iiiig«;  xa  which  he 
•ttonuuatly  maiDtaioad  (he  doctrine  of  '  Annual  Ii^rliiuiienti,  or  more 
oAen  if  need  be,'  in  oppoNtiua  (o  th«  propoul  wlitch  hod  iMaed  irom 
(lie  KciitTal  mrctin^  of  ihc  county  of  York,  under  iImi  infiucncc  of  tbe 
ItocLiui^buta  iKirty>  i»  &>'our  of  tricuniul  parltaainnt*-  Among  hit 
uMBiucripu  nppifin  utx  '  Alphabetical  List  of  PuUic  Mectiiiga  for  Par- 
liauMBtarv  Rcfomuitioai  to  whicb  !look»  were  Ktit  and  I^Ucn  wtilton 
U  each  Cotumittee.  by  (i.  &'  Tlic  li»t  cotttoin*  tbe  name*  of  (nrty-oop 
nncnJ  nuwltit^  and  their  respeclire  cliaittnea, — eacJi  wa*  hi>  unrclax- 
utg  aaMduity  in  tlie  pnacvution  of  ercry  uManire  whicli  be  concciTcd 
lo  ba  Goixlueive  to  public  good. 

In  1763  Mr  Sliarp  fvurnl  biiOMU'  called  oo  for  a  renewal  of  hi*  bcne- 
volml  effort*  in  behalf  of  African  aJaves.  Tbe  caae  which  prr»enl«(I 
itaclf  na*  of  tbe  greatnt  enormity  and  most  atroCMMW  daaeriptioD.  The 
nuuter  of  a  ilava^ip,  tradiug  from  A5ica  to  Jamaica.  «nd  having  four 
bnndnd  and  foety  *lavM  on  board,  had  thoagbt  fit,  on  a  pr«teat  that 
ba  might  be  diilreMMl  on  his  voyage  for  want  of  waiter,  to  leMen  ibe 
cooaumption  of  it  in  tlic  rctscl  by  throwing  orvrboard  onr  buodrrd  and 
thirty-two  of  tbe  moat  (ickly  among  tli«  alavc*.  On  hiit  return  to  Eng- 
land the  owner*  of  the  ship  elaiiaed  (rooi  tbe  rnmnn  the  full  ealae  of 
iImmo  drowned  davn,  on  the  grauod  llul  Hure  wat  an  abaolutc  ueoM- 
•ily  for  ibrowing  ihctn  into  the  sra,  in  order  to  »avc  tiie  f«tnaii>ing  crew 
and  the  ahjp  iuclf.  The  uodcnrrilairi  eonUated  the  exuttenoe  of  tbe 
alleged  necewity ;  or,  if  it  had  txbtadt  attribnud  it  to  tb«  ignonuice 
and  improper  coudact  of  the  nuuter  of  the  vcatvl.  A  coiite»t  of  pecu> 
niary  inler»t  tbca  brouglil  to  liglu  a  *o*no  ofberrid  brutality. 

In  tba  anluou*  attempt  to  fouuti  the  eofooy  of  Sierra  l^ouc,  if  wa 
oompara  Iba  great  nprmtec  m-ccwarily  incurred,  with  tbe  •Iciulor  IW- 
luna*  of  tba  fonsder,  it  sri-nu  ditiicult  to  account  for  the  monne  by 
which  Mr  Sharp  wo*  ao  long  ■'oablcd  to  prosecute  hi*  bcncvoU'nt  rn- 
(crpciaa.  B«*idr«  the  heary  cliar^ca  dofrayed  by  tha  govamakeat  al 
bia  folkilatint),  fae,  on  turioiu  ucouiou.  advanced  eoMiderabto  miiu* 
fitrnoMdiitg  hit  income,  and  il  i>  not  immcdiaicly  evident  from  uhni 
iOarata  ha  drew  hii  luppliee.  Tli«  proKl*  acquirvil  lu  hi*  ■itiiaiion  ni 
Uic  ardnonor  oiuit  lon^  bi-fure  have  been  expendid.  lu  I78U  he  re- 
ceived a  (moJI  incteatr  of  weoltli  by  a  legacy  Grow  a  rvlatioo.  In  178:t, 
on  the  death  of  hi*  belovrd  brother  JtBlef.  iha  widow  bntiiif:  bneu  tt'l) 
with  tbe  ore  of  buRinraaol  iurKe  extent,  and  wholly  out  of  the  proiiaec 
of  female  attention,  lie  undertook  tlw!  entire  manageninM  of  It.  and,  for 
ihu  purpoae,  left  bin  brother  Williiint'*  homo  in  the  Old  Jary — wliieb 
bad  lill  then  hern  hia  home^-«n>l  becama  an  initiole  witli  liia  aiuer-iii- 
law  in  Leaden bait-Ktrrct,  where  the  huiineM  woa  Uieii  earrietl  on.  He 
randueted  thin  new  dcjianinciii  with  Ue  aeeialoated  good  t«i«e  and 
dili|paoo,  lor  more  than  lit  yenn.  until  the  whole  ooncem  waa  finally 
and  eiivrd.  nnd  lli«  widow  was  at  liberty  lo  rvlire  ililo  the 
UuHog  the  K-rin  of  hi*  managcuienl  be  received  a  liberal 


130  roLiTicAL  »niss. 

* 

•lipend  from  Ibe  baaineu.  In  1787,  jiiii  at  tiit  cowwcatCMMlH.  «r  iW 
Sierra  Leone  vnterprw,  an  aJOitiuiial  wurM  of  mtvat  eftOM  uoMipcct- 
r<1ly  inrn  bU  bBods.  On  (li«  3Kt  uf  Odober  in  (htt  ye«r  be  tlMt 
wrim  hi«  brotber:  "  Dear  bralhrr,  an  every  iliiag  ibal  Mftriy  connnw 
me  b  «qiMlf;  intereaiing  to  all  my  dear  btothera  and  •wtem,  I  tisght 
■doner  to  har«  inrornied  you  of  a  small  addition  to  my  iBceme.  by  ifai 
will  of  aiy  late  worthy  Trieiid,  Mr»  Oi^leiborpe,  who  d'lri  U»t  Priiby, 
■t  fart  teat  ol  C  ran  ham-hall,  Eaaex.  I  am  appointed  one  of  brr  txM9- 
ton,  and  am  al»o  joined  in  two  ceparale  iruaU:  ao  thai  a  great  de«l  of 
my  leianrr  inu«t  necraurily  be  taken  up  i  hut,  in  reconiprnn',  alic  bat 
t*h  mc  ibe  mnnor  of  l''aireled  in  E»«ex.  wilh  A  recommrnJatKn)  to  aettlr 
rt  in  my  lifptimo  to  cliarilaUe  ufe*  aJter  my  «kaih,  k-nving  lb*  •|)|>*<^ 
priation  to  my  own  dirrction  and  choice.  I  *ball  br  icry  anaimti  t« 
bnvo  the  W^l  advice  and  nin«  matore  oonaidernticm,  how  I  may  mpn 
Rdtantagcntiitly  difipoac  of  lliia  little  calatc  li>r  public  charily  after  my 
dradi."  Tbat  ibe  income  derived  from  ttiix  twqqm  «as  rmpkiynl  oa 
Um  African  i>rttleii)ent  n  nn  obvioiif  roiiclQMon.  Tbw  wrri-  liii  wbnir 
r«M«rcM-  Kegulaiiiy,  econontj',  and  parntoooiao*  >Fir-dvnial,  mim 
hart  MppUed  the  rcM. 

After  numerous  and  ■aweaned  endeavoun  «n  tbn  pan  of  tbe  Qmkcis 

in  America,  and  of  (be  xealona  Cbrkfon  and  (iranvilb^  Sbarp  in  Enf* 

land,  in  bebalf  of  the  ilavea,  t)ir  liinc  had  arrivrd  whiii  it  appeared  la 

be  within  lh«  bound*  of  hope  that  an  aiaoi-iatifln  of  bcnciulent  ptnetm. 

pfotecled  by  a  congenial  movement  in  thr  f)riii*h  parlianeu,  ui|;bt 

lead  to  a  rvtrirval  of  ihti  human  cbnnct^'r  fraoi  lli«  igaomlny  of  the 

I  BlaT(!>tradc.     Endtavourii  were  ihcnliwv  uwd  to  coUecl,  and  uBti«  ia 

iOn«  body,  tbc  variouii  peitin  who  had  wverally.  and  almoat  indcpend- 

[#nlly  of  one  aiuxhrr.  begun  lo  makt*  i-verli<mt  of  a  fimiUr  naturv;  wd 

ill  Ibe  ipriog  of  lTt>7  *)irdal  mrrliog*  were  conveufd  of  a  Crw  mcs  af 

tniineiit  charaobT.  all  of  whom  were  friendly  lo  tbe  cawr. 

Va  the  SSd  of  May  a  rommiitcc  »u*  cha»«n,  OMiaiatiog  of  l«*lv« 

I  oieaibert,  whoM  dcdared  duty  and  puqM)^  it  was  lo  promote,  by  ewry 

Dean*  in  llirir  povrr,  an  aWiiioa  of  lb*  tnfflc  in  the  bumas  racir. 

'  Cranvillo  Sbaqi  wa>  inrtudrd  ia  ibr  commille^.      Tlw  incijMcnl  labMn 

of  Ibv  Maociatjnn  wrrr  cbeervd  by  an  important  coincidrncn  wUcb  oe> 

'  mirred  al  ihia  time,     Th«  eflotn  of  the  humane  Aoihony  Bcseact  lad 

|«thor  Amoritan  Quaker*  had,  hy  gni'lual  ailvam-n.  ai  knt:tb  eSnaad  a 

Iganeral  manumi»alon  of  itavn  amooK  the  vltok-  boily  uf  men  of  |Mr 

KMwaaimi:  ai»d  ibe  year  17H7,  in  ahich  llir  conimiltn'  nai  appoinird 

[In  England  br  promoting  the  abolition  of  ibc  trade,  wai  diitingaiaiifd 

In  Animea  by   the  graliiyinfl  circumttaocc  of  tlicrr  not  rrtuaining  a 

•ingle  tiatp  in  llie  pOwcotioai  of  an  ackoowk-dged  Quaker. 

Ekirn  ,vi-Dr*  had  now  riapaod  amce  iba  eriBiiaalily  uf  the  •tavr- 
I  trade  wa*  tint  adirrlrd  to  in  lb«  bouM  of  commow.  It  wa>  lu  1776. 
'  that  a  nivlioii  «a>  made  by  Mr  Daviil  llanliry— mm  nl'  tbc  celebrated 
I  phyMcun  anil  riH-uphyiician — and  nirnilief  tor  Hull,  tbc  puq»att  of 
ihich  wa«,  "  Tliai  ihr  •tawlnKia  wna  contrary  lo  the  bws  of  God  sad 
[to  tba  right*  of  iDvii.''  The  metiou  waa  MTuaibt]  b)  Sir  Ccorsc  8a- 
■  «lll».  But  lh«  propOMlton  failnl  rntirHy  of  Mippuri,  and  lia  wry 
fiMemory  bad  nrarly  *ani*bi-il.  It  »a*  now  rc<umi-il  with  a  bap|>brr 
I  yfoapect.  Tbr  IriaU  whiHi  had  nrcurivil  with  rcganl  lo  nrgrvra  ui 
tbia  country,  bod  aaakcmd  a  wry  grtittmi  attmlioii  lo  tbc  tubjart  of 


I 
I 

I 


I 


l-SMOD-l 


anAMVILLC  MIAKf. 


131 


African  itUvcry  ;  and  olliiDugli  prrjuiUcc  nnd  iiilcmt  »till  guftrdtd  the 
ground  agRintt  lh«  kttemj)**  of  pbilonlhropiiU,  coiMiilerabli!  aoocM 
to  liberal  mindii  htd  ba«n  g»inc«l  l>y  the  asiiiluouH  and  «ir«c(iiig  do* 
(pinicc  of  tlir«c  new  pkadm  in  ibe  cniue  of  bonuDtlj.  Th«  conimtt- 
Ux  for  cflrcting  nn  ■bolitian  of  ilic  >lat-c*tro<le  auunied  iia  d«nDiiiiiia- 
lion  in  JuiM-,  1787,  and  immcdiainlir  ditpcrM.-it  cirt-'ular  Irilera,  giving 
an  account  of  Ihn  iMiilulion.  Tiicac  Idlers  *oon  procured  ili«  frimdly 
notice  of  ibc  Quakt-ni  at  largr.  In  order  to  ditftiiH!  a  more  (general 
kiionleil^  of  ibc  mbjcct,  tlic  conimitti.'c  decniMt  il  Hglit  to  adu)i(  the 
puUicatiun  of  a  irork  which  Mr  CUrkmn  liad  {ireM<iiied  to  ilii-ni,  en- 
titled, '  A  summary  View  of  tlie  SUve-trade,  and  of  tli«  probable  eon- 
•eqaeneea  of  ilH  Abolition.'  Nunn-rotu  copies  of  ihii  u»cful  (tact  were 
diificfwd.  and  llic  eurioiity  of  tlie  public  became  every  day  more  ex- 
cited by  tbc  autlitntic  iiifurnialioii  thus  tiiie:ipectedly  laid  iK'fore  (liein. 
The  new  elua  of  moral  n-iutiidoiiiitii  in  I'raiiec  warmly  espoiined  Ibe 
caHM  of  tbe  abolition.  Brinjot  and  CU«iere — hi«  fiiciid  and  aA.er- 
wards  his  fijlbw-dulferer  under  Itobaplerre'*  tyranny — requested  to  b>; 
admitted  nietuberB  of  Ihc  usutfiation. 

At  tlw  tii»t  gei>eral  mecinig  for  the  fornnalion  of  lh«  British  and  fo- 
reign Uibic  forivly,  tiranville  Sharp  pt«ude<l-  The  year  1819,  ibu 
b»l  year  of  his  life,  waa  dbtinguislwd  by  an  osfcinlion  denominated 
Ibc  Prolcitant  Union,  formed  Ibr  1h«  purpow  of  dpten<ling,  by  the  M^e 
neapon*  of  arguDKnt  nnd  /ennon,  ■  cflOM  wbkh  tbc  mcmbcn  held 
uMwt  saercd, — tfar  c-niiso  of  religioui  frtodom. 

Mr  GraBTJIIc  Sharp  had  uniformly  oj<po*«>l  the  nyslen  of  Popery, 
MioM  conacientioady  bclic^'ing  llial  it  wua    iilti-rly  subverfiw  of  ihe 

Crindplfs  of  gcnttine  liberty,  »s  well  as  ofmir  PrMeaUiit  establish  men  i. 
I'bcn,  therrfbre,  Ihc  Koinnii  Catholic  ijucalion  waa  agllBted,  from  the 
Hinij  intvrvat  which  be  look  in  it,  nnd  from  his  frequent  con  versa  tioiis 
with  ancti]  rricnd*  od  ita  great  imponanee  to  the  united  kingdom,  il 
was  at  lengili  ngn'rd  lo  convene  n  meeting  of  tespecinblc  persons  firmly 
attached  to  iIm'  principles  of  ih«  eoii*(iiur*»n,  as  established  at  ihe  Revo- 
lution :  but  nnoonneclcd  with  party,  aud  having  no  politicul  purpote* 
whatever  to  serve ;  and  calmly  and  ilispassionalcly  lo  connider  tlir  sub- 
jeci.  A  meeting  vcas  neenrdingly  hel<l  at  ibc  I'ruwn  and  Anchor  In- 
vem  in  tk«  Strand,  on  the  S2>l  of  January,  ISI3,  when  Mr  ^thatp  was 
called  to  the  chair.  Alter  some  disciimion.  Ihe  nddrcu  and  reialnliolts, 
puhlUied  by  tlic  Protestant  Union  in  llieir  first  pnjM-r,  were  unani- 
mously adopted.  Tbeac  reaoluliom  were  reptinlcd  and  circulated  in 
Ireland,  and  had  a  great  eBcci  in  rousing  tbc  dormant  spirit  of  Prot«s- 
tHlim  in  that  country.  The  I'rulcslaot  Union  was  cncournged  by  tJit- 
WBfm  approbation  of  many  eminent  clioractcrs  throughout  the  united 
kingdom,  and  ^fr  Sbarp  receiicd  many  high  eulogiums  on  the  priiici- 
pica  developed  in  Ibcir  (Ntpirs. 

As  Graiivdlv  had  conliimitl  tinniarricd,  h>s  brothers'  bovsea  were  for 
nanjr  years  his  general  residence ;  and  it  was  not  till  the  beginning  of 
tktymt  179:?,  that  lie  took  chambers  in  Uie  Temple  for  the  piirjxMm 
of  tarloin  busineaa  tliai  preaaed  upou  him.  In  Um!  eaercMe  of  hia 
nvltgioD,  he  waa  careful  lo  preaerve  n  behaviour  freo  froRi  oMentatiun  : 
liM  it  was  at  the  suni«  time  firm,  aiwl  profoundly  reverential.  As  lie 
raao  early,  his  first  empluyini'ni  niis  either  rending  (he  Holy  ISertplnrea, 
or  vhujiting  a  [loriiun  vi  ilie  Hebrew  P>«liiw  to  liis  harp.     Ills  crenings 


I3t 


fOLITICAl,  IKRies. 


Mm  doM(l  Ju  the  umc  nucarr.  VX'b«7i  in  Loixtoo,  hr  rcgaUriy  •(• 
iMdad  tbe  Mrricr  at  St  Paul'*,  aoii  jmacd  in  tlw  elioriil  pan.  In  thm 
IMpwUv*  ftnilics  othi*  relation*  be  rrgolarly  ntleiKlctl,  and  fmeniiy 
rau  the  moraiDg  and  tivcirin^  jmym  rrom  the  Liiar^.  Kothmg  ««• 
BioK  reiiurkabl*^  in  Mt  Sharp's  mciiil  iiiivKoum,  than  llie  finnnnv 
trill)  wbicb  he  tk-lircn-tl  bU  moatMTKMa  opinkm*  on  Biaiiy  ordiaary 
oMaaionf.  und  the  uiH-iul)aiTasM>(l  vimplicity  with  wbkib  be  ntlrrrd 
tbeai,  Mi^oiltuy  reIi{fion  wilh  almoM  crery  topic,  both  in  comv* nation 
and  in  writiiif;.  Sume  uf  bi>  irlisioua  vtvwi  wre  tin|{uLtr.  The  new 
approach  of  the  uiillaiiiiniu  ow  a  faTtxiriit  idea  n-itb  him ;  and  Ua  balief 
m  Satanic  infliwoce  na*  carried  lo  aa  »lraorditiar>'  leuKib, 

In  the  niuQib  of  Juni-.  181 J,  havinj;  luadc  an  otfet  of  MiBw  books  to 
the  TeinpLt  library,  he  thought  it  riMjuitiiK.-  lu  atlnd  in  pertoa  to  the 
delivery  of  tlieiu.  and  prapoBed  O  vtut  to  LoadOD  for  that  pwrpoww 
Eiery  argumenl  utbicb  afTevtion  could  dictate,  n*i  urged  to  dteuMte 
bim  :  but  all  provcrl  luefleclual.  Tbe  offer  of  the  Eunlly-arrisge  waa 
theu  nithbeld,  in  the  hope  [hat  rorgctfulneo*  mighi  prevent  the  afipv^ 
hended  evil ;  but  at  breakra^t-lime  tbe  neit  uonitag  he  did  nol  apfear 
m  IMmIi  and  on  inquiry  it  wai  found  ibai  be  woa  gone  lo  LondoB  in 
lin  tUf^toKh.  A  w-rvniii  was  inaDedioiely  dMpalebed  aAct  biai: 
Iral  ha  had  left  bi»  dianbera  alu.  He  returned  with  the  Mago  to 
FUbun  in  the  aAefoooa :  aaid  he  hnd  packed  and  tent  bu  l>ool»,  but 
bad  bad  Im  food,  and  wu  nearly  eabamted.  Ilii  danger  IumI  been 
imniinrnt.  [l  appmird  thit  the  eoacknoo  who  conveyed  bim  to  lawn. 
perceiving  bi*  aUcml  >tatf,  bad  fett  conrider»bl«  sDxiely  on  bis  ac- 
count, and  oa  mmh  a*  he  hod  •eltird  Ibc  i>u«i>rt«  of  tbe  coach,  wrot  ia 
teareh  of  him  to  bin  chatnbcrfc,  at  the  door  of  which  he  bund  bim, 
wsntlering  about  Id  a  tlate  of  incertitude,  betng  ttuabte  to  guide  hJmMlf 
lo  the  part  of  ihc  town  iliat  he  draigned  (o  reach.  He  «af  eaaily  por- 
Runded  by  Uie  cnaeliniaii  to  go  bach  to  Fulbiua,  and  ««i  tbna  ba|ifMl]r 
pnecrvtd  from  not*  diatroiaing  acciiknl*.  Un  tbe  day  prtcrdiag  bia 
dntb,  he  brvaUaatcd  oa  uaaal  with  the  (amdy-  Hi*  weabieaa  «na 
uiuch  Jncrewi-d  :  and  hi^  wm  (evenii  liinra  compelbd  tn  lie  down  on  liia 
bc<i  during  tlu'  coune  of  the  aAeraoon,  Ha  appaared  oftea  la  labowr 
fur  brratb.  Night  and  panial  rrpotp  nne  on.  In  the  nwrBiiig  bin 
cmuiteiMUicw  wat  cbnngcd — in  culour  only  ;  in  ixpraawoti  it  RBUaed 
unattered.  About  four  o'clock  in  lb<!  iUlcr»<>oni  he  frP  into  a  li  an  nail 
ttaaiber.  ui  wldeh,  wiiliout  a  ■ItujckIc  v  •  «igh,  br  breatbed  hit  tari. 

Hi*  raokaiM  vera  oa  tJic  IDili  (rf  July.  1813,  di^ioiiti-d  in  Ihr  faniljr 
vault  at  Fulbam.  Tbu  (ulluu  mj;  rpiUpb,  nHiirn  by  the  Itev,  John 
Owen,  rector  of  £a|{lcahaiu  in  Etfaex,  wna  placed  oii  thr^  north  aide  «4 
Ibc  lotnb  i  "  Here,  by  tbe  Iteaiaiiu  of  the  Brother  and  Si>li-r  whoai  br 
Undirly  lo*«il,  lie  Umwc  of  Granriile  Sharp,  Eaq.  At  ibt:  afe  W 
Mrtniy -eight,  ibis  vcneraUe  ptiilanibrupiM  tenninaled  b>>  tarc«r  ef  al> 
■MM  aapiJaUclrd  activity  and  uH-fulnras,  July  6th.  IH13 ;  leavini  b«- 
bind  bin  a  naiae  ibal  «iU  be  clMrialied  with  affection  oud  gratitade,  aa 
hag  oa  any  Iwai^e  ahall  be  paid  lo  thoaa  priaoiplaa  uf  justwe,  bn- 
nanlif ,  and  nligioo.  which,  for  acariy  balf  a  ocntaryi  he  promeiad  1^ 
bia  nvftioaa,  and  odontad  by  bit  auaiplc." 

Mr  Graavilh!  Sbaip  woa  learaed  In  langaagea  (nm  prinriple,  aol 
IroM  aorlMlly,  ne  ibe  niera  plaaaore  of  Ulenuy  reaearch.  Hi*  utuacta 
in  tJic  tiudy  of  llebraw  aail  Uraek  were  txclatively  iIm-  k>v>'  of  inilh. 


4 


I'diien.) 


Bl*  VILtiAU  ucouwa. 


i3» 


lltr  k'"^  <^  God,  BDii  ihc  fEOod  of  liii  fclbv-(!rc«turc«-  No  man's 
iniiHl  <TU  L'ver  Ii-iu  nctiiatrd  bj-  vimitjr  and  uniliiliun.  He  «a*  Mn^- 
lartj  fcittuiiatc  in  iW  applicalion  of  bis  li-aniiri);  lo  lite  ilhislrBUoti  i>f 
I  he  original  lanfiiagt^  oT  Scri|)ture<  Hi*  doctrities  of  llie  Grceit  ar- 
li«lc  and  of  the  llcbmv  cnnvcnim  rati,  and  of  olher  pBitieularitiM  of 
Ibe  Hebrew  langaogc.  lIxHigii  not  unkitown  to  itcliolan  before  Itis  tinr, 
bad  all  Ilift  ^l•^riI  of  ditcowry,  nacl  mocv  llaa  lliftt  ntvrit  to  tli«  taluabln 
vte  wliirJi  be  madr  of  ibcoi.  Hii  tloclrhic  of  (be  Gre^k  article  wva 
Tiolcfitlf  oppoMMl  by  (jociaiui  wrilcn.  but  withnut  tlie  ImM  iiijarjr  la 
it*  priudplri  and  oilh  a  •trong  prcauinpttun  in  iti  favour. 


aoaw  *.n.  iia. — ointa.Pu  1814. 

SiH  William  Mkouw*  wa*  bora  oa  ibc  SUl  of  DccRinbrr,  1738 
lie  WDi  tlic  grandson  nf  Sir  l*luli(i  .Mnduw*.  Icaijilil-inimlial.  Hi*  <^ld- 
al  lUtTtTiug  brotbi't,  slwi  micccvdi-d  (o  tbv  otulM  of  bia  uncle,  IIk^ 
duke  uE  Kio^ttoa,  iu  I76S,  took  vti  iImi  ciccauimi  llie  tunily-namc  vl' 
PierrcpoiftI,  aiid  uai  vlcvutcd  to  Ok  ptx^ugt-  iu,l79l».  bj  tlie  title  uf 
Lord-viscounI  Ni-wark. 

TIte  feubj^-ct  of  tiiU  uoiioe  entered  Ibe  ana>-  aa  so  Hiaiga  iu  the  AOtli 
ttptaent  in  176G,  and  obtaioi-d  a  lieutenancy  in  the  KovMnber  follow- 
ing. Li  o«<>  of  ibe  expediliont  lo  Ibe  coaM  vf  France  ia  l7iS,  lieai-inl 
n  aid-de-canp  to  Lord  Anemm.  \\'l>i?ii  Ibc  JOlli  rcgtme-nl  was  or- 
dered lo  Gtnnuy  early  iu  17&ft,  be  n-poirtd  lliithi^r  willi  it,  aiid 
joined  die  allied  uniiy  uuiltr  Pnatt  Fi-idiuaud  of  Bruiwwick  and  the 
aaanjueM  of  Gnuiby.  Iu  Mardi,  i7(>4,  ufter  bis  return  from  tli«  con* 
tincnt.  Lord  Aiictam  obtained  for  hiai  a  troop  iu  tiic  4tb  rtftninU  of 
buTtC,  of  wbidt  bin  patron  wu  liewtcaaiit-colouel  i  aud  in  October. 
1766,  he  »ucc«vdiLd  to  il»e  inajunty  of  lliCMnie  corp*.  On  ihi-  dl*t  of 
Oecnaber,  1769,  Ihi  {irocured  tbir  lieuteiiant-eoiiMit'lry  of  tbe  !>tit  rt-gi* 
ineiU  ol  fuu(,  but  wu»  removed  Iu  tlie  t'2iii  Itgbl  draguouk  in  iMpti^m- 
bcT,  1773. 

On  tbti  brcakiiif;  oat  of  die  American  war.  h«  MKbaagad  into  tbe 
S&lb  in  iSrptuniber,  177^  and  rvpiired  wiifa  it  (o  Americik  Tlie  coro< 
niaiitli-f-in-chicJ  afipuiciud  bun  lo  tin-  cumuiaud  «f  die  firit  bri^xilt  of 
gn-fiodii-rs.  At  tbc  bvnd  of  ibia  gatlatit  body  of  hm-d — ini  wbii'b  di« 
iMunl  of  every  brilliant  action  fell,  particularly  lluit  uf  BraiHljwine. 
(ou^ltl  ScMcmbcr  13tb,  1776— Colonel  Mi-iiont  bicUly  r1r>tiiit;uialH'>l 
biRiMtf.  Tbc  lirutoiuiul-ndonclcy  of  Ibw  !/th  ti-j;iui>.'iil  ul  Iimii  was  eoii- 
ferRMl  mma  bim  ia  NovL-mbrr,  1777  :  and  uu  ihu  Hth  it(  that  ntoiidi  bn 
ubloincd  tbo  raitk  of  colonel  bj  l>f«ti'i. 

Wbin  il  «a>  dricmiiicd  by  die  Engliab  cnbinei  to  ntrike  u  blow  at  iIh' 
Fnmcii  Writ  Jniliu  iaUmb,  and  Miuor-general  Grant  wan  appujiili'd  firr 
lilt*  |.ui)ia«c,  with  a  body  of  cboavD  troojM.  Colmala  AJedona  and  I'rca' 
coll  uiirv  nominated  brigadicr-gmenda  of  tlic  little  nraiy.  Tbe  oafH 
tnrc  i>f  St  Lucia— wbicb  from  its  csovllaal  Jiailwur*  bad  proved  of 
Creot  M.'rvici7  lo  ilir  cncniy  in  IImvc  aea*  wa«  drcnicd  an  impoctant 
utl^'CL  In  Dccrnibcr,  1778,  Gvni-nd  Grant  nllb  SOU  men,  and  lbs 
two    lirijiadter-tieituruli,    litl    Bifubili   liarbum   in    Kailjudiwi,   and  ou 


t 


134 


VOLITlCAt  »RIM- 


JK, 


tkc  cMBBif  of  the  I3ib,  lJi«  troojH  rAecttd  •  londti^  in  St  l.ueia- 
Brigmdier-geoeral  Mrdowt'  briptdo,  couartiBj;  of  ib«  &th  fool,  togttlMr 
with  Ote  (jTMMlien  and  light  in&iitry  companies  of  thrr  iliSpmit  rrf  U 
KicDtik  ID  all  about  1900  meit,  Ibmird  tho  reserve  uf  this  little  amy. 
'riw  place  lie  landed  at  v»»  the  Gnuid  ('at  dc  Sac  on  noFcnnpliahHig 
Kbicli,  Im^  pufth^  fbnrard  to  ^in  pouH-mroa  of  the  bci)(bu  on  the  nonh 
aide  of  ih«  b*)',  where  ihn  t'n-nch  rrgutar  and  militia  fore**  watv 
Mroagly  potted.  Though  thii  wriu  a  very  arduoitt  twk  in  ao  hot  a 
nunifyi  anil  prculiariy  difficult  fmni  the  nature  of  the  ground,  yi«t 
the  bngMlier-g«ii«rml,  ut  tlw  head  of  hit  gallant  Mtowcri,  forced  tbc 
liiailH.  and  soon  aflrr  carried  tbc  Vieic,  a  nott  important  pott,  anil  rr* 
pulsed  tbe  Fr«ncli  troop*  umlvr  Count  it'Eatoiog,  who  attrmpt^  to 
reliere  the  itlaud.  Madovs  rcci'ircd  a  icvere  wound  in  ilic  right  am 
on  thia  occasion,  but  rcAwcd  to  quii  th<^  field.  ObtH'rvin^  that  pott  of 
bia  troofH  had  bceii  driren  into  ditordrr  by  tbu  dnpcrati:  uttacL  of  thr- 
FrtBcb,  he  waved  hi*  ivord  in  liii  Ivtl  hand,  and,  (Hiintiiig  to  the  ttand* 
ardt  axdaimcd,  "  Soldiers,  a*  long  as  yoa  lia*e  u  bftyuoi-l  IcA  to  point 
i^ainat  your  ruvmica,  dvCrnd  ihew  colours."  Tliir  moduct  uf  Brign- 
dier-granul  Mtduisa  was  wannly  appJanded  by  hb  uiajtvty,  who,  a*  a 
reword  for  his  oirriloriuus  nvrTtn-s,  appuiobrd  him  coloitcl  of  the  8Mi 
regiflu-nl,  on  llii.-  I&tli  v(  Nuvritibtrr,  1780,  atid  ordcn^d  him  to  England 
to  commanil  a  body  uf  forcvs  lu  be  I'inptovt-d  uii  a  xvn^t  t-iprdttiun. 

Id  tbc  (pring  uf  Iftfl.  Cumniodor^  Jotintlotie  was  apjKiiiilPd  lo  di- 
rrct  ibir  openti4iiis  ufa  iK|uadroi>,  tlii-  ul>j«et  of  wbieli  was  to  K-iu  on 
the  Cape  uf  Good  Hupe.  wbicb  would  ha*<.'  proviMl  uii  important  acqni- 
rition  for  Great  Britain.  It  appear*,  froiu  au  attonyinoiu  pamphlet,  aa- 
lurrdly  wrilt<-n  by  CommMlorc  Johnstone',  aoil  piiblbhcd  in  I7S7,  m 
uhieb  part  uf  the  teC'ret  inntmction*  arc  drlailcd,  that  tbc  coiDBiodotT 
and  general  were  "  to  concert  the  neceaiary  mcmturc*  for  carrying  into 
immediate  execulioD,  and  eu-rt  tkeir  uiuMMt  endeavour*  to  lake  ibc 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  with  all  it«  drfeners,  fivrtilicntion*r  and  worica 
themiulo  belonging."  No  niiempi  was.  bowevrr,  to  be  made  vnlMi 
iba  acbcme  apprami  (i-asiMe  to  both  oflieers.  On  th«  l9tb  o/Htreh, 
(ha  •qaadriin,  with  thirteen  Indianicii  under  convoy,  niled  from  St 
Heten'*,  and  ou  lli«  lOth  ot  April  they  anchored  in  I'ort  Fraya  bay, 
Si  Ja^  one  of  the  Cape  de  Vrrd  Uindfc  Tbc  I'rencb  cabinet  boob 
learned  the  deallaalion  ofiliis  ti«ri,  and  endeavoured  lo  eoaolaracl  lu 
by  aeading  Suffrejn  with  a  powerful  brcv  afU-r  the  British.  SalMSi 
altar  balng  repabcd  in  an  attack  npoa  tbe  Britiih  »quadrDn,  mode  Ihr 
bMC  of  bia  way  u  Uie  Cape,  where  be  had  landed  a  rpinforcemeot  br- 
^c  the  BeMah  fleet  hove  in  stgbi.  ComnMMJore  Jubnsianc  Ibougbi, 
uolwtiluiandiBg  SuAcin's  arrival,  it  wai  ]>oMible  to  racceMl  in  taking 
tka  Cmai  and  that  for  Ibia  purjiose  tlie  troops  should  be  landed  at  Sal- 
daaba  my.  forty-lwu  miln  from  the  Cape,  lo  which  they  ought  imroe- 
•Uately  lo  niarcb.  General  .Medowa,  on  the  other  hand,  now  em- 
■Mered  the  rapnlilion  a^in*t  tlir  C'a|ie  impracticable,  after  the  arrifsl 
•if  the  Miceoiir*  under  SuffVeia ;  and  having*  reeeivcd  inlrlligcBCv  ot  Ihr 
deleat  ol  the  Hritiiih  army  in  Iixlia.  by  Hydi.T  Ali,  proceeded  imiler 
caa*a}'  of  part  of  lli«  stijaadron  to  MaJdra*.  To  ibis  spirited  delermi* 
MIloH  ihr  preacrvallon  of  the  Caniaiic,  atxl  per4iap*  all  India,  may  be 
aMribad-  Tlw-  nx-n-ol-wur  alMi  which  wm^  riciacbi-d  wilh  lltrm  •erved 
a*  a  p««rt(ui   rein  fur  nnwiit  lu  AdmintI  llugbtw,  ttiid  riMbled  him  lo 


4 


4 
4 


Punit.] 


KR  WirDAM  MKIMWI. 


rjiiir  witli  SafTrcio.  wbn  poMtrMcd  n  nuprrUir  6eH.  Oil  hto  wrtvil  In 
Imlia  he  viua  tiomtnnted  governor  of  Moilnu,  a*  wrU  as  comnmdeMir- 
eUivf  of  tli«  (orcd  in  tliBt  pn^Kk-ocy.  Hi-  look  uncouiiuon  pnina  to  or- 
^iinue  tbu  urmy  bclurv  he  U^d  it  afni«!>i  Tiiipoa  Sultan,  who  had  »av- 
ct«<li-il  to  lli«  i)iro[i(^  of  MvMirc  by  Hydvr  Alin  dnth.  In  tbo  sccoin- 
l>liHhu)«i>t  of  lliis  otiject  he  met  irilh  nuny  odetades,  bnt  by  lii«  skill 
ai>d  perMTet«nce  h«  orcrconie  thcni  all.  Tliu  plan  be  tormvA  wnn, 
with  ibe  CarMlu]  army  of  15,000  nit-n.  to  occupy  iht^  Coimbaton* 
(Hwnlry,  cut  olF  Tippoo'*  »uppli«8,  and  by  that  quarti^r  p>n''ifnii-  inin 
til*  My»un*  throufib  the  Jigalhalty  paM,  wlii[<^  Major^cnrrnl  KoImtI 
Aborcroinby  wa>>,  with  tli«  Bombay  array,  to  reduco  tli«  ttrrJIory  vpst 
oflJi*  tiaute,  and  irn«ccsaary  form  ajuoction.  In  the  mean  time,  lli/r 
Carnaiio  vaa  l«ft  to  tbe  care  of  Colonel  Kelly,  with  a  (mall  army  «ta. 
tioneil  between  Madras  aixl  the  pawos  leading  tn  ihp  Mjtoro.  'iippcM 
lud  now  n>eour»e  to  n^oUolion.  I  [e  wrote  lo  Mt^iows  c«ngrntiilnting 
him  on  hU  nppoinlmeol  to  llie  governnirnt  of  Madrat,  and  pro{)oilii)j; 
tn  fond  Mime  confidential  prrnon  lo  enplain,  u  he  obMTved.  wvcrnl  im* 
portant  cifcumntaticr*,  "so  (bnt  the  dint  whieh  had  nh<oiirr^l  the  getie- 
Tol'i  uprigbt  mind  might  be  removod."  Tlir  gMifral's  on«w<T  »a» ; '"  [ 
TrcKivtd  yours,  and  Dndemland  iii  conirnti.  Yoii  are  a  |;rc-at  pnciCE, 
and  htit  for  yout  (irurliy  to  your  priM>nnr<.  1  ibould  add  mi  eidighleued 
one.  Tbe  Enj;1itib.  equally  incapable  of  adoring  an  insult  aaofsubEnit- 
ling  lo  ooe,  have  alway*  looked  upon  n-ar  aa  derlarHl  from  tbe  moment 
tliat  you  attacked  lh«ir  ally  tbe  king  of  Travaiicore.  God  does  not  al- 
way* giTe  tbe  batlJp  to  ibe  strong,  nor  lite  race  to  the  »u'ift(  bnt  gene- 
rally nicceM  lo  iboM  wbose  cause  is  just.     On  that  n'e  depend." 

After  repealed  atlKlu  on  dilTerent  poind  by  Tippon,  and  ibe  eapttrrv 
of  teveral  important  poats  by  the  Britlsli  army,  (ri-nemi  Medows 
3i><l|ced  it  prudent,  on  tbe  com  men  cement  of  the  rainy  teaaon,  to  deaiit 
from  any  further  opcrationo.  Tlie  following  year.  Eari  Cornwallis,  who  ' 
IimI  becti  appointed  gorenwr-f:eneral,  oaMuned  tbe  direclloo  of  ihi.* 
kraiy  at  ^'ellant.  One  of  tbe  moat  brfllitnt  aellons  In  tins  campnign 
■wu  tbe  <npture  of  Nuadydroog,  a  fertrMt  aeated  on  a  hill,  1700  feet 
Iilgh,  and  BiOceMible  mily  on  one  >i<le  where  it  is  defended  by  w&lU  ami 
rcdoubtau  Major  Goldie.  who  wai  Mnt  against  il,  after  a  fortnight'* 
tdtl  and  hmrd,  at  length  breached  the  walls,  but  tlie  eommafldant  re- 
fused lo  •arrrnder.  Lord  Cornwallis  tlieii  sent  General  Medows  witit 
n  party  to  make  th*  aM>ult.  On  approaching,  some  pervon  remarked, 
that  a  mincwMmpfwaedtabenearlbe  breach.  The  general  promptly 
repltad,  "  Tbat  if  a  ntlne  w**  really  there,  it  wan  n  min«  of  gold,"  ami 
nubfd  without  <lrlay  to  the  attack  and  carried  the  place.  After  va- 
rioua  eAwta  «n  tbe  part  of  Tippoo.  the  Briliih  aueceeded  in  driving 
him  witliin  ibc  aall«  of  Seriagapalam :  bat  on  tbe  S-lth  of  l-Vbmary, 
boalilitioa  ooB*rd,  ami  on  tbe  19lh  of  Match,  1793.  a  pneificnlion  tdok 
place.  The  oontBander-la -chief  in  hia  letter  lo  the  Ea^t  India  com- 
pany, daic<l  tbo  4th  of  March,  aays ;  "  No  word*  can  express  the  iirnH: 
tliai  I  cJiall  entenain  ifaroogb  life  of  ibe  ability,  reflnetl  gcoeroaily,  ami 
IrieniUbip  wllh  which  (ieneral  Medow*  haa  invariably  given  hii  support 
aad  ■Mt'tancc."  After  the  tens  1  nation  of  this  war  Gemrml  Mcriowa 
returned  to  England,  and  a*  a  reward  for  hi»  signal  services,  his  mujeily 
was  pleased  10  invest  him  with  the  insignia  of  tbe  order  of  ihe  Dnlh. 

Ob  tiM   IStb  of  Octnbrr,  1703,  he  hu  mnile  a  ticiitenanl-),'cneral, 


IM 


fatlTICAL  tCKTFS. 


T?t»fc 


iiud  lu  Nui^mbcr.  t79S,  lie  w«>  upFMiiiii.^  cu  lh«  caninaiKl  of  il<^  7ih 
(IrBgoon-guJiniB,  in  whicli  he  \tad  tvrt*^  Itotli  w  ft  cnpiain  tntl  n  major. 
A(  Uic  brrvet  propratioB  of  the  Ul  c-r  January.  179^1.  he  wwt  made  a 
f^Mifxml  and  goveraor  of  ihe  I*I«af  WigliL  U'iu-n  tlicMarcjnvM  Corn- 
vallit  lud  retigned  ilic  ticcroyabip  of  Irebnil,  ond  Ihti  conmand  of  the 
fcrco  Jo  lJi«t  part  of  tji«  kinplniD,  bimI  it  tweum:  wniMfy  he  ihoBhl 
ba  laceeedcd  in  the  iMItr  (iiiuiiion  by  an  otlioer  of  taleoU  uid  r»p«la> 
lioo,  Gni«ral  tjir  WilliaiD  Mi»lom  was  apfwinlinl  lo  that  vAcr.  sml 
««i  sworn  in  a  member  of  hi*  majesty's  privy  eotindl  in  Ireland;  but 
mignrd  tiic  rmploynirot  tonic  timr  bcfnre  bk  death,  wbkb  look  place 
ni  Kalb,  on  tli«  l-Uli  of  N member,  mlS. 

Wbilo  in  th«  high  oKior  lait  alluded  to,  bia  atteutiMi  to  the  thttiea  of 
it  *a»  unrcmitliiij;,  anil,  ai  on  brmer  occiuion*,  hijchly  buiM>uT>fair  to 
bint.  ]Iy  hit  appoinliaent  a*  euonntitidtr  i>r  the  forccei  he  bemme 
govvfoor  of  Kilniainhain  hoi^tal,  ni'ur  Dublin,  where  he  rwiided  ;  and 
oil  every  occmmmi  loanilrslrd  ibiil  huiuuiie  ilUpOMlion  for  wbieb  be  bad 
nlway*  bcrn  coaapieuuMk  His  t'mjutnt  vbiU  to  lite  tetetana  wfceo  tt 
dinner,  and  iuipivtitiu  of  their  lueMnti  bedding,  and  inierior  cconomj. 
form*  a  noUe  tiiiil  iii  the  characlvr  of  iln*  gallani  otfic«r. 

He  wa»  iatariaUy  fheeiful  eren  in  the  beat  of  an  eDgagnoenl :  and 
liii  truoiH  are  mkI,  ou  inure  than  one  oci-aniuDi  to  liav«  aoMnK^I  thr 
Wraeb  lau)[hiiif;  at  liicir  gcneral'B  last  Joke. 


I 


JE£ltUidm»  Fucount  Jtio^t. 

Man  ^».  1730.— t>UD  *.ti.  1814. 

This  ofBnr  wa>  n  youngrr  broibrr  of  tJie  crleb«W*<d  adnintl.  Kirh- 
nnl.  End  Howe.  He  eiif-r*^  the  anay  in  Mtly  life,  awl  (liitiNg«i>hpd 
liinueir  under  Wulfe  at  Quebrc.  At  the  balth-  <if  Bunker's  hill  hr 
coiDUianiled  a  biiKade,  uiidi  on  tbe  di-portDrr  of  (irneral  Gari*  li>r 
Hnnland,  be  a»uuM!d  the  cbiiif  command  uftlio  Dritiih  fortva  in  North 
Amrnca. 

Ibe  avaciMlioa  of  Huatvti  bad  bc<-n  prcrioiuJy  tkU'miiiM>d  on  by  iIh- 
Btiliah  nitikify.  In  oeibr  to  cuaceDinie  ilie  furee  in  Amrriai  txi  aonw 
uKwv  viul  point.  It  «>«•  Mioiloftrd  by  Gnirral  Howe  with  •ikxvm  on 
■  ha  17th  MueU.  17;ti.  It  woa  now  rrMilved  to  attack  New  York.  T<> 
till*  wriii'o  was  allotted  a  vcty  poirerful  army,  romiating  ot  nloiat 
:i().Ol)0  narn.^^  limre  lir  Bupcnur  to  any  thing  tlial  America  luid 
bilbirlu  »rrn,  Tfce  IroofM  were  ani]>ly  pruvidol  with  ■rtilleij-, niililaey 
titirr%  and  aatitk*  matenaU  of  evet>  kind,  and  were  Hipportnl  by  a 
Nunrruu*  Acet.  General  Howe  ha>in)t  in  lain  wailed  two  OMMfea  H 
Hak/.ix  fur  bia  brotlier,  and  iIm-  txpreted  reinbrcenwoCi  bwa  Baglwd. 
•ra  till'  Hub  of  JuiK  wiilvd  fruni  iliat  baibour  villi  lU-  (ofec  wbleb 
Imi  hail  pTciioiuly  cuaimaiidtd  in  Uoaion,  and  iCrectmit  bia  coune  1^ 
warda  Ni;w  Ywk,  arrix^l  In  ibc  Utter  end  uf  Juue  olT  tvindy  Hook. 
Adaiinl  LonI  Uowe,  witb  part  of  the  reinroreemcut  from  ^sgbuHl, 
ktnUm  arritnl  at  (laJiliu  tiooo  after  bia  broiher'a  ileparluw,  wWmmi 
•Irapfiinf!  anchor  followed,  oimI  aoon  aAer  jwlntd  hint  near  Suten  bbMl. 
Tbe  Urtliah  Krtwnl  on  kia  appfoacb  ItMUid  eiety  fail  of  New  York 
Mand,  and  tl.c  moai  t  ■|)oh^  fiatu  of  Long  bland.  Ibriiftnl  and  wvU- 


('(•tn.] 


iriLtiiiM,  Tiscomrr  howe. 


ilcfrndeil  by  attitlMy.  But  he  mrccrtlnl  in  makinf*  good  hi*  landtag 
Biitl  FOinp«llMl  Wwhiiifiton  tu  erarualtT  Long^  Ulaiid,  nliich  he  did  ui> 
fief  covir  of  a  iU^n«e  foi;* 

(>e«icrul  Iluwi^  «i>d  hia  brother,  to  aildilioii  (o  their  miliUry  and  navaJ 
eooMMiHl,  wMv  poratvsvd  of  epecwl  powrn  to  act  ai  contniiMMnen  for 
witwioK  peam  (o  ibi-  eulouies.  Aecordiiu;ly  tomv  aegoOntion»  wm 
linnicNJiiilely  inUiluInl  bjr  ibetii  wjtb  this  vjrw.  G«nrni)  Sullivnii,  who 
bad  been  taJieo  priMO«r  on  Long  IitlaDd,  wm  mdI  aa  fxirolc  with  * 
verbal  muamgp  froui  Lord  Hokg  to  coo<;TaM,  "  'lliat  tboi^h  h«  could 
not  ai  pmeBt  trrat  vjtii  ikeni  in  tliat  eharactn',  fot  br  wm  vrry  drsir- 
out  of  iMving  a  con^rtiKc  with  Ronie  of  the  menibfrs.  whom  lie  would 
coR**d«r  a*  privaie  gMitleawD;  ibiU  he,  vith  hi*  brntbsr  IIm'  {fcacral, 
had  fall  power  to  comproniire  the  diipotr  Itetwwn  (irmt  Britain  end 
Aueric«,  upon  term*  advAntngpoui  to  both ;  tbal  ho  witb^d  a  cotnfMat 
niif>ht  be  KL'tiXfrd  at  a  time  whm  no  ilrciuvn  blow  hnd  yrl  (M>cn  drvcfci 
nod  u«-ilhcT  party  could  *ay  It  iru  mmpeltrd  to  rntrr  tiitu  •ueh  ay- 
luvut ;  thai  wi-tr  tbcy  di^poteil  to  ln:al,  muuy  Ihinfp  whu^  they  had 
not  yet  uski-d.  might  ami  oa);lit  to  Iw  ^nuili-'d ;  uod  that  il'  upoa  mnfrr* 
eULi:  i\te<f  found  aoj  probablf  ground  uf  a«>(iciituiHlatioii.  lliir  DUlhnrity 
or  raitgroM  wottld  br  &(irfmtiit  acknowledged  to  vendi-r  the  in-aiy 
cotapiate^"  Three  dtyt  nfter  tbl»  mrrMgr  wm  reoelvcd,  Sullivan  •*« 
requMt<^  to  loromi  Lnril  llouT.  ■■  That  coagrvM  twing  th«  irpmniria- 
tiwn  of  tlic  frr«  and  iTidi-priidcnt  Slaten  of  Amrriea,  tlirjr  ciUHWt  with 
proprioty  mid  any  oftbrir  mnnlicr*  to  confrr  with  his  liitiMp  in  thrir 
priratc  characters ;  bat  Ihnt.  cirrr  dccirom  of  ntablivlung  poocr  on  rra- 
(onabte  terau,  thry  will  htoiI  a  cuminiiicc  of  their  body  tn  know  wbe- 
iW  h«  hta  aojr  uiihoriiy  to  Inal  villi  pt^wtu  atithoriud  by  cengma 
likT  that  porpoao  od  behalf  of  AiDtrin,  and  what  that  anlhority  U,  and 
10  bear  luch  propotilion*  a*  be  tliall  tliiuk  fit  to  aaka  nMfM>ctiag  the 
aauM-."  Franklin.  John  Adiuu,  otul  Kdwatd  ttutl«f[e,  fortaod  tbe  coiii- 
■■iucc  appointed  Ibr  ilu>  purpoao.  I'hcy  met  Lord  liowa  on  Stnloii 
Uand,  aiMl  were  mnrod  with  grrat  politme*.  On  ibcir  return  tbcy 
nadc  a  report  of  tbcir  coitilttvooe,  whick  thi^y  Minuued  up  by  vaylag] 
"  It  did  not  apv**''  io  your  coounittce  that  lit*  lordahlp'a  oomamaioa 
oontaiued  any  other  authority  than  that  eipreued  ia  the  act  of  parlia- 
mcMi  naairlyi  tkat  of  jtraotinp;  pardoiu.  witii  inch  rxerptiuna  as  llio 
OOmiBiMiOBm  duiU  think  propar  to  make,  and  ol  iltclnrinK  Aiarrica, 
W  any  put  of  lit  to  be  iu  llw  kick's  p«aM  un  ■ubmicMon  ;  fur  at  La  tlie 
(Mnrcr  of  iaqunring  into  Uwilalu  of  Aairrica,  nhich  liia  lonhhtp  men* 
lioncd  to  na,  and  of  waJbniag  and  couiultinp  with  aiiy  pcnooi  tlio 
CQmmiiMnii—  ngbi  ihiok  proper,  aad  npnaeuhiK  the  ranlt  of  *acU 
coafcraain*  to  (lia  tniiii4lr}.  who,  pmvbled  tka  eolanlea  woald  aulifcet 
Iheuuclrr*.  tnight,  after  all,  or  otiekt  not,  at  their  picaaure,  mako  any 
alteratMtw  in  the  fovnar  butruelioiM  lo  governor*,  or  pf0|ioic'  in  par- 
liaflMint  any  amendaicnt  af  tht  acta  complaiiitd  of.  wa  apprrhi^nd  any 
expcclatioa  frocn  ih«  ciRwL  of  incJi  «pa«*rw«ulil  have  ban  too  urn^er- 
Mm  and  pfecanooa  la  b«  relied  oti  by  AnwrieA.  hail  thr  itill  runtinnrd 
ia  liar  itata  Drdfipeodeaot."  [^ord  Howo  had  I'oilnl  liic  coulcrcDcr  on 
bU  part  by  cxprowiog  hit  rrgard  for  America,  uiid  tbr  rxtrcuic  pain  he 
woulil  loQcr  in  brlnK  obliged  to  iliMreaa  tbo»e  ulioni  he  «o  inueli  re- 
gardod.  Dr  Fmoklin  thanked  him  for  hb  regard*,  aud  aaourrd  him, 
"  that  the  AnwricaiM  wvld  ihow  tJicir  gratitude  by  eiideaTourlng  U 

VII.  > 


t»> 


ratmcAt  tntca. 


r»»w 


iMm,  M  aaili  W  pOMiUr.  >Il  paia  U  visM  ltd  oa  ifcrir  i 

•Mrt^t  dit^'  ■liRoM  kWiiiita  In  tMag  fiai  mn  «ri 

TW  ANirrttaat.  Iraw^Trr,  rnoiTfd  not  to  riik  1 
tt  Kv«  Vvri.     'I'l>f>7  rvrnwrtl  til  lli«  fMm 
MMifc  M  ttU  i|ui«t  mMMDn  of  rbe  place.    GtMnl ' 
MHHiJiJjr  MtMalMl  MrOM  tlw  North  river  In  Mt«v^ 
Md  IW  iVitiMylia«U  fUlo  iif  tfce  UrJawon.     Ho«c  *na«  after  min^ 
IwM*  wditerHiMrtirn.     In  ihe  ii«il  rarapaifcii  he  drirakiJ  tfae. 
HI  \k»  Im-I(IiU  of  OraiKl;winp.  aixl  look  fomtmiom  of 
■Ah  "blrli  Itv  [Kuril  a  tMOMl  « inter  in  AiU  frreaUr  hwoitHtj,  it'  «^ 
tlllifpil,  lh«H  ll>»  |<rrrr«llaft>     Sliortiv  aArr  the  upctiing  of  ihe  tktrd 
MWH%Wa  W  **»  aitjirnt-ilnl  In  hia  coDimaml  by  Sir  Henry  Cla 

iVt  niMtn  of  lh»  lluwr*  I'lCiied  a  consMlenbie  acnwitiow ; 
Iktit  tlwilMten  ImiI  Unn  eu«inly  aitarcked  by  mmtttert,  who 
I*  MMH  llt*lt  ■•«  MliMuOuct  l>y  throwing  the  bltnw  npoo  Ik* 
■MrfMilk  ^ft  ■*  **U  ••  UvMfd  Bvrgoyoc  dciBanded  a  imiBamtaltaj 
feMak*.  TW  mlMbtt  aMlwtound  to  «*»Mt  M  lM|iilry  «hat>*«r,  od 
MbriM  that  mHImmM  «w  mm  lb«  pUoa  where  *wh  iaqtiinr  onld  b« 
TV  (kte  U  «aa  aBKHml.  that  to  deny  llie  eonprimce  ol 
Iv  ImMMI*  t^  i*>|<itry  «ai  a  daring  vMlalion  of  tb*  priftb^cn 
Ub  lUa  ail  i  J II  ^  William  ilnire  propottd  that  Earl 
^•tiiii  iJHm  iW«U  ta  MMiiH«L  " «  to  Ifc*  fHWnl  rMdael  of  ihc 
i^^w^ao  w^  1  *»  iXlilfcg  pinifc  pawUy  nnd  paHlcuUriy."  ToiUa 
«h»  «*Mm  y«»t^«aMi  «i  MWihiini.  "  that  Lord  ComwiUia  be  nIM 
Ih  m4  «*w*i««*I  *«*Mi>o  W  gvnani  and  particular  mlliti>7  poiala, 
^MNM  ^  y«»l  f^■ldnrl  of  the  American  yrar."  KoiU^  cnald 
IttVt  ^"'•i-'  '•k)i|i«*lHin  ihaa  thli  aration  of  toquir)-:  but  «  k  diti. 
(H^  .  -1*1  ivrHMl  kit  anaodawnt  by  189  la  lU.     TIm  oMin 

E...^—.   >'■■)'.,   lW>lol58.     Thua  all  fnqatry  appMicd  ai  H 
hut  (k*  "   roneirMl  the  tnotloB  for  the  euuoinalM  wt 

IwMtaatio.  -  <■■'■  .lnv«  after,  Diid  w«r«  ao  ably  aupperiMl,  ifcal  m 
HMM>  MH|<I<'>**I  I'X  ''*"  '"''■'*"'''  ""^  KilKptMit  lo  prtveoi  lb*  bMri^ 
t.-iil.     IImhIt*  I^ont  Cumttnlli*.  Ma)o«^goDi!ral  Gny.  Sir 
tlamnwMKl.  am)  uihrn,  wrrr  riaimiKtl.  and  it  wm  mmit 
,       ,  ,         -..|.,i  iliilr  rrtdtdM*  that  tlxi  farci*  m-di  (o  Amtrka  aqa  at  bo 
,.  ,1  III  ihc  <ul()ii(atkM  of  Ike  Muutry.     Ii  «ai^  at  tkannatki^ 

,  I  il»'  Anxriran  RilnMlcr  hail  hevn  cooatantly  ranindMl  of  lb« 

i>|   ii<>|<rar1lrati|p  nalure  of  the  war,  Uwt  M  bad  tUNrctfud 
ol  -iti  iIh'  •iibjoot.  and  tbal  tbo  rvliiA>t«aa«al  bt  at  lenph 
I  .  .  >   I'Hi  iatr  lur  uy  aAotaal  purpoM, 

|„  I  -I  I ,.  -nt^l  llnwr  waa  mad«  licutenntil-ytpcral  of  iba  OfdoBMVi 
•InI  )"  '  '"'■  ■  '•>•>•>•  1  »'  ihv  ItKh  dm^-ooiu.  Id  179S  he  becuM  ■**• 
flHui  iM  lltr>i<'li .  'ri  1790  be  aucoMdcd  lo  iJm  IiUi  viaaeiroty  Mhb 
tivAUtt.  A'Unifl  llawe,  in  1804  be  itsiinwd  bii  oAot  of  Immmmt- 
MttHUtt  lit  Ibo  ordnUMM.  Ut  itk-<i  wtlhoui  iiaue  on  tke  I9lb  of  Ja^ 
ImII  t  at  oktab  llmo  b«  was  a  pnvy-counMllor  and  Rn^mor  ^  f^ 
J|«  r«|WHw)iitrd  Natlingbant  m  wvenl  parluniMti,  b«l  ^mm- 
k»  bar*  n««r  iak«n  any  cooaplcuout  part  in  (mtithBl  i 


4 


139 


NOV  A.  D.  1743.— BISD  A.  V.  I8I4. 

WiM,iAM  Edin.  Lord  Aackland,  dciic«nd«d  from  lb«  uidcnt  hmiljp 
of  Edfii  of  Wnt  AucklaDil,  in  the  county  of  Durham,  on  wbicb  Itu- 
mnk  nf  boroni-lagc  wiu  coafi-rrcd  liy  Chnrlca  II.  in  167'i,  wn»  the  itiird 
iu>n  of  Sir  Hubert,  thn  ifiinl  bniviict.  He  was  cdncalcd  oi  Eton,  and 
lN«Bin«  a  (tudeut  of  Chibt-church.  Oxlonl,  iti  1763.  In  1765  ba  WM 
a<Imt((L-d  of  the  Inner  Trinpk,  and  c«lli:d  to  tli«  bur  in  1768. 

Ill-  first  dcvotiril  liii  attention  tu  tbc  bit,  nitli  a  driiga  of  following 
the  practice  of  it,  and  actuully  ncnl  the  northern  circuit,  britiK  juitrwi- 
taed  and  reeumuicDiti.-d  by  Mr  Wcddvrburuc,  in  concert  nilh  whom  lie 
iiBOppOMd  to  hara  planned  and  effcoted  tlic  cooibtiun.  In  1771  he 
publi*li*d  *  PriueipW  of  Penal  Law,'  ett>,— a  work  couvistiiif:  of  do 
taelMd  obwrratUiM,  bat  without  any  r^iakr  ctiain  of  caoaea  and  elTecU. 
It  however  dbcovcred  a  ctmaldcT^rfe  aharo  of  iBgennUy  and  geniui, 
and  reeommcoded  its  outlior  to  the  notice  of  the  iDiniUer,  who  tooii 
afterwattlA  appointed  liim  undcr-iecrclary  of  italc  (br  the  northern  d*- 
parlinenu  In  ihi*  employmeat  be  eouducli-d  hiinuir  with  pi'eat  abili^i 
anil,  in  addition  to  the  emolumeata  of  fau  olUcc.  had  the  |Kut  of  one  of 
the  dirc^Un  of  GrecuwJch  boaplial  giTco  to  bbu:  h«  wa*  also  taken 
under  the  patronage  of  th«  duke  of  Maribofmiglii  and  choten  nicinbcr 
for  Woodstock.  In  Marcb,  1376,  bo  waa  advao<«d  lo  the  difjnity  of  a 
lord  of  trade  and  pbiitationa;  and  in  1776,  wlini  the  loo  bla  ailopled 
plan  of  treating  with  the  colonin  was  lietctiuincd  upon,  be,  with  Lord 
Carlisle,  and  Governor  Johnstone,  was  noniioolcd  to  the  iiupoftatit  o6icc 
of  cotnmiMioncr.  He  etubarkvd  for  Aiuenca  wilU  his  coadjutor* ;  bot 
tbntr  mission  wis  not  all«ndcd  villi  any  Mtooea*.  It  MCins,  howcrrr, 
to  have  been  the  mcati*  of  iiitrodocing  bun  to  tho  friendsliip  of  Lord 
Carlisle,  whom,  in  December,  1780,  he  accooipaiiicd  to  Irstaad  aiM» 
r*tary.  He  continued  in  litis  station  until  the  chaagc  of  tlia  niitUtry, 
ill  April,  )7S3,  when  ha  dabaded  hb  patron  with  a  degree  of  warmth 
and  spirit,  which  befbra  had  not  been  diicoTeml  to  form  part  of  hi* 
chometrr.  Being  in  England  at  ihb  juDClure,  be  took  a  very  doctded 
|art  against  the  ncv  admint»tmiioii. 

In  Notcmber.  I77l>,  be  patilisbed  four  lettrn,  addressed  to  the  carl 
of  Carliilr',  on  ihc  spirit  of  party, —  on  the  cireu instances  of  ihc  war, — 
OB  the  meani  of  raising  supplic*, — and  on  the  rcpfesrnlations  «(  Ire- 
land rcspectiog  a  free  tr«dc.  This  pablicatiou,  at  once  ably  and  can- 
didly writteD.  called  forth  a  contidrnibln  drffno  of  pabllo  attctitioii ;  it 
waa  afterwarda  enlarged,  and  gave  rife  to  a  good  drnd  of  party-nwMM' 
ing  in  prinL  Tbeae  lattcrs  were  IbUowed  by  a  short  controversy  with 
Dr  I'ricc  on  the  population  of  EoglaiMl,  a  discasnoti  which  was  pur- 
sued by  others  with  gnat  ability.  In  April,  1783,  Mr  Eden  wasswoni 
of  hb  ninjnty's  privy-couacil  iu  Englaud.  and  ^>patnlcd  vicc-trcosorrr 
of  Irduiid,  whicli  oKice  be  naigned  la  Deonrber  feUowing.  In  1765 
be  was  nominated  one  of  tbc  kxdi  of  tbs  committee  of  council  for 
trade  and  plonlatjoiw,  and  sent  as  minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  court 
of  Versaillee,  for  (he  purpose  of  ncgoUatiDg  a  lr«Uy  of  conimcfct  be- 


140 


roLiTiCAL  SKnies. 


tNUru 


twMn  Groat  Uriuln  ami  Vnnce.  Thst  Iroaly  waj  nncluilod  aw) 
•igllMl  in  SejXi-niticr,  1786.  In  Jsnunn.  1767.  be  (^cd  a  farllirr 
oommrrrial  cmnnatioBi  sail  in  Aii|ratl  ilic  aune  jetr,  another  tor  art- 
rmling  di>piil4*  Ix'lHrrn  itir  »ul>Jcct>  of  tbt  titu  t-ra«ni  'm  th«  KaM 
liMti«s.  In  thcM  iraly  im^HH-tant  tnaltea.  tlie  eonjuiuDutc  abiliti«  or 
Mr  E-'drn  at  a  mnn  at'  buninra,  aail  liU  inltmatf?  kiH>n'l(?d{>ti  o(  Brituh 
Goswutfroe  and  mamtfaoturcs,  ntid  of  llw  true  tnierrata  of  botli  ««« 
coiMpMuoualy  displayeil.  I'br  cuDneiioii  bt^irtcD  At  Ino  coanlrM 
WM  |>lacnl  on  a  Ibvtnifc  enrteiiily  Dot  in  >t9»lf  dtMilnmtagMHia  bi 
PraoM :  but  to  much  iim>tc  brncSdal  to  GrMt  Britain  tkaa  tlMi  on 
wliicfa  any  torincr  cvaimtrcia]  Itruly  had  Trslcd,  that  tli*  CoitBUy  nt 
FOntcDii-il  to  TFaji  tlM?  rraiit  or  (t  in  niUiiee  for  Dearly  xhtt»  yHut,  be- 
tktn  Franev  ditconiTnl,  or  clio»«  to  aukiwwimlgip,  llmt  it  «aa  poaiible 
br  her  Mgotiaiur^  tu  be  ovcnuicbed  by  an  Englitlinan.  Tba  ooavtu- 
doa  rMfwMing  India  vraa  of  MlH  Ugbvr  oo«*id*raiia«  than  tb*  w— *■ 
rial  irraliM,  iM|>orUDt  a*  Ibey  vera.  It  imnDlnd  inlrmt*  of  tai?  jn- 
Ucy  or  Uw  Inl  nagBttuile ;  it  put  an  Otid  to  the  rlainn  ko  oftrn  prr*i- 
Mwly  Ml  up  by  FranM  agaiixt  ocr  rigbt  of  tcrrrrignty  in  India,  and 
annihilatod,  a*  far  a*  ibc  moat  *olctnn  compart  can  hare  that  effect. 
«v«ry  quetlion,  diiiHitf,  or  eliding  of  onr  right  «bicb  bomU  in  future 
ba  brought  rorviml.  In  1768  Mr  Edni  wmt  a*  amhaHador  to  Spain ; 
and  on  hi«  trtiirn,  in  Orlnhrr.  1791',  wiu  cltTUlrd  to  the  dignity  of  an 
liMfa  prtr.  A  lew  VTpbi  aftcfiranU  he  wai  a.{)]ioinl(d  ambaswlur  to 
tha  I'aitml  Slain  of  HnlUnd  :  and  on  oecatiou  of  tiie  Spuiiah  ann»- 
■■ent  in  1790,  he  obtained  the  prompt  and  friendly  detachiacnt  of  a 
consid«rable  Dutch  aquadrao  to  Portamouth:  and  in  Oeccnibrr  of  tlia 
aama  yrar  hU  lordahip  eondaded  ami  •igncd  lli«  eoorenlion  bctwren  the 
Baapemr  I^opntd,  ibe  kingi  of  Great  UriUin  and  I'nuiia,  Oiul  the 
8tUF*<iinMal,  raltliTA  to  tha  aflah*  of  tliv  Nethcrlanda. 

In  1792-8  Lord  Auckland  took  an  Active  pari  nt  amboMwtor  to 
HolUrni,  in  the  HTurt*  made  for  prpTcnting  the  miachicf  wbkh  vrcr- 
wWmcd  ao  many  of  (he  eontincnial  povers;  and  in  May  of  the  laaC 
Beatioatd  yanr,  woa  procnolpd  to  tbe  di);nity  of  a  Bnli.%b  peer.  A  ftw 
mMlha  aftetiranU  bi*  luntkliip  rr;inc|utUied  the  diplumalic  carver,  anti 
ratnmed  Immm,  but  not  lu  •Mte  the  rnnaiiider  of  hn  llfi>  in  Igsoble 
■loth  or  naelMa  mhp.  Proni  iliai  period  he  iHit  o<ily  aitei>il«d  hla  par- 
UamMKary  datira  with  vanujilaTy  diligence,  but  took  on  active  part  hi 
rooat  of  the  pro«e«'dtngs  of  llial  bnuicb  or  ilie  Jegivlatiire  ol'  which  he 
«ai  a  nieniber.  Aa  an  onior  he  waa  correct,  flurat,  and  Jntaffigtol} 
ami  wlienKrrr  the  occMwa  rMmad  to  jutiify  it,  be  appcnird  to  lib  ftk 
hnr-aub|*ct>  ihntngb  ttia  iBi<diiiin  of  tba  p*«Ba  alao.  In  1795  ha  p«b- 
Hibcd  ■  Remarka  on  Ibe  Ap^rcnt  CirvumatiSMa  of  ihr  War,*  and 
wore  than  eno«  atvod  fernBrd  m  a  nriirr  i>n  the  popular  lopia  (u  which 
the  vrrntfwl  tinea  a»  frK)Dnitly  inivi-  binh. 

On  the  death  of  the  earl  of  Maoiflrld  in  1796,  Lord  Aockbuil  va* 
■liMcn  elMnei-llor  of  Marwrlial  rallpKe,  Abcnlccn,  and  iw  17VS  ap- 
pifininl  Ki  the  oAee  uf  joint  piMI-nin>ler-K(ni.-ra),  whieh  h«  bold  idl  llw 
rndof  Mr  Pitta admtaiiitraiiwB  In  laOl.  In  the  aoMioa of  I7fl0-190G^ 
Ua  loiAliip  fMewad  ttie  attempt  to  ohcdc  i\u>  groviag  practice  of  wlftl- 
tvey,  by  bringing  bewuriJ  a  bill,  the  principle  of  which  waa  lo  prvvaoi 
Iha  hMnMrriaga  of  the  guitiy  |Mrtiii>i  but  it  wu  wai 


I 


* 


I 


taaNy  thaown  out  in  llw<  tionw  of  lorda. 


amly  oppuacd,  and 
In  1790  Lord  AncUand  tap- 


Pi*  ion.] 


aiLXRT,  I.OXD  MIMTO. 


Ul 


ported  the  mciuurc  or  tlie  income  (».  noil  publi^c<l  the  (ubatane«  of 
kb  ipcaeh  on  that  occMion.  lip  nUo  publnbei)  liin  »ficrch  in  Mippori  of 
tho  union  widi  IroluMl,  and  in  ibc  coiim:  of  it  staled  thitt  he  htd  been 
parlicuUrlf  employed  with  othi-r*  in  ]>r*paring  the  dctoib  of  tliAl  mvn- 
■ore  lo  be  Kubmittrd  to  |iarliaiiieiit.  Hi*  lordthip  m&rri«(l  in  1776, 
Etcunor,  second  daiiglitcr  of  Gilbrrt  Klliol,  and  «istcr  to  l^rl  Mrnto, 
bjr  wliun  hr  bad  a  lorfcc  family.  Tim  unrortunntc  Ina*  of  hb  cIdnK  son 
i»  kiid  to  bavv  aAcclcd  hi*  lonbJiip  no  irvprvly,  thiU  he  actvt  rvcovered 
rroD)  the  sliock.  Uia  death  na*  wholly  uorxpnctf^I.  While  Hitting  at 
bmk&^t  with  bU  fiuiily  he  wa*  «tixcd  with  a  spum,  fcU  from  hi*  cfauir, 
wad  inttantly  cipind.  Slay  i!8tb,  1814. 


enhtvt,  iofo  iHinto. 

■out  A.  D.   17AI.— OIKD  A.  O.   I6U. 

TriK  KintiT  Hot*.  Loud  Mihto,  govrrnor-geiMral  of  India,  waa  the 
KpnsROlativu  of  a  bnuich  of  the  romily  of  EUlOl,  of  great  oiittquily  iu 
ibe  (oulh  of  Scotlaod.  lILi  faibcr.  ^ir  Ciill>cTt,  vm  a  oonapicuous  nifiii- 
b«r  of  lh«  beUM  of  cuminvti*,  and  licJd  vniiou*  ofiicea  ia  adminiitration. 
Lord  Mimo  wu  bom  iu  I7&I,  sint  educated  at  an  English  uniTcnily. 
Havinj;  ri&ited  lite  priocrpnl  countrint  of  Europe,  he  wa»,  in  1774, 
«lMlad  a  meaiber  of  paHiameut.  Altliouf;h  uf  a  uhig  family,  yet  bis 
ftlhet''a  MtaolmwDt  Iu  the  poUuc*  of  llio  court  led  liiiii  lo  joio  the 
friviida  of  admin istratiou  in  lliat  embairaaMng  vridiii,  when  lb*  conteat 
villi  Amenca  bt^wt  lo  awumc  a  •rriout  acpcct.  I'hr  conduct  of  min- 
■Men,  buwvrer,  wa*  too  feeble,  or  two  timid,  lo  accuro  the  aupport  of 
Uieir  fricoda ;  and  Lord  Miato,  tben  Sir  Uilbcrt  Klliot,  with  many 
oikcn,  conovctrd  ibenuetTm  with  the  oppoaition.  In  nil  the  roeiuun:* 
adopted  by  that  portion  of  tht^  pailiamenL  Sir  (itlbrrt  bore  a  diatiii* 
guiilieil  part,  and  >o  well  did  he  miood  in  their  juititinent,  uu  to  be  te< 
leded  to  fill  tlic  ipcikcr'i  chair,  in  opposition  10  the  miuiaiMial  oandi- 
dMe,  Mr  AildioKtott,  now  Lord  SiJutouth. 

Alxwt  tbi*  lime  the  great  quciiion  of  n^forrn  in  parliament,  und  in 
differral  bnuicltc*  of  public  attain,  wn«  publicly  agitated  and  [lopularly 
encouraged-  On  tbb  occasion.  Sir  Gilbert  Elliot  witJidrew  from  tlui 
nuilu  of  op|io*JlioD.  During  tbc  diaordcn  ereated  iu  Fnuice  by  tlM 
VlhtT  power*  of  Eurupr,  the  people  of  Corsica  lou^hl  to  plooe  them* 
Ml?e>  under  tbc  protection  ul  Britain.  Sir  Gilbi-rt  Ltliot  uiu  pitcbcii 
upon  ■■  a  conipeleni  person  lo  uianogc  Ihia  bitainoM ;  and  in  tbc  end  uf 
SqHeniber,  1 793,  having  bMn  aironi  in  a  nember  of  tlii-  privy-coun- 
cil, be  waa  sppoinled  a  cuiamlMlonBr  lo  ihJt  elTeel.  I^rly  iu  179-t  ihu 
principal  •tTDng-boliI*  of  Conioa  were  turrcndercd  by  ihu  t'rcncli  to 
ihe  Briiiib  araia.  'llie  king  accrplnl  the  MvcKfipity  of  Uie  i»bu)d| 
and  ou  tbc  Ittli  of  June.  1794,  Sir  Gilbrri  EUkx.  a»  fieeny,  pnalded 
in  a  general  ajwrnbly  of  ibr  eJtiafc  of  Coraica,  in  wrbk'h  aat  adoptMl  a 
ciNWttluliuoal  co<k.  reprehended  by  *ouiti  a*  eilrcioely  democraltoali 
hltl  pttkapa  not  ill-Mlaptcd  lo  llie  gcuiu*  and  siluatiuu  u/  ilic  peujdc  for 
wbooi  il  wu«  intended-  Nolw-itlwtauding  llii»  arraogviueni,  a  oooudcr- 
aUe  party.  deTo<e«l  to  Franco  and  tbeir  country,  remained  ia  Corsica, 
wlw,  «i»cuur^ed  by  ibc  tnccaMa  of  tbe  Frmcb  armio*  ia  ibc  adjoin- 


roitncAL  ■«>!«•. 


futvn 


lag  rrgioa  oT  Italy,  at  bat  raw  in  una  tffimt  \hf  Bnrirh  aBibontr. 
In  the  nwamirM  lo  be  pamiMl  (o  itpnm  titU  difonlrr,  diTernty  of 
opiirioiH  uahappjly  took  [iImv  aBiang  Uiv  bmub  or  tbo  civil  and  ntliUfy 
•utboriUe*.  lie  inaiirreclion  at  BiMnia.  Uw  capital  of  ihr  niand,  vaa 
anpprcMed  in  Jun^^  17M;  bul  the  PrrDcli  fiaty  gndually  arqiiiriog 
■trcnffth,  it  wa«,  in  Septrmbrr  folUtt'ing,  deemed  witc  to  nlandon  tlie 
idaiid  catirely>  I'ltc  virrroy  rcturtu^l  to  EitglaiMl  cariy  in  1797,  wben 
hU  terrlMa  were  Tt-w^nlnl  by  bii  cialtation  ta  a  Brititb  pcm^e,  aa 
BpTon  Minto,  of  tlw  county  of  Roxbni^h  in  Scotland. 

Ill  July,  1797,  Lord  Minio  «at  appointed  amhaioador  lo  Vieaaa, 
ihta  the  llieatro  of  the  moat  irapottant  and  camplicatvd  n^^pMiations  in 
whioh  the  conntrj-  was  enp^^ed.  It  wai  tlm>uj:h  tbc  intcr*<^tion  of 
hit  lordabip,  during  IhU  rmbaaay,  tbat  librral  aod  hODOurvble  atepa  wnr 
takea  on  ibe  part  of  a  gtvat  penwnage  in  Ihi*  eouatry,  lu  extricate  frant 
indigntcei  and  to  tt^urr  a  beootniog  prorition  l<ir  the  only  (arriving 
braiMb  of  tlia  royal  hotue  of  Stuart,  iben  liui)(iiiialiiti|;  ia  peBiuy  at  Veoicvs 
is  conaaquMicc  of  tbi-  intaiion  o(  liotav  liy  tbe  FreMcb.  In  parliainrnt, 
for  the  union  witb  Ireland,  I^nl  Minio  waa  a  alreuuona  advocate. 
Wbcn  tbe  prHc«  of  Amieiu  was  oo  tlie  ca/pel,  he  wai  ranked  with  tboas 
who  (vfiC4-ivi-d  the  iuterubi  of  thid  counlry  lo  have  Inwd  Icm  firmly 
•vcurcd  tlian  ou^ht  lo  bave  beeu  duoe.  Aa  be  had  beeit  an  athrocala 
far  (be  nnioo  with  Ireland,  so  «»  h«  o<i^  of  ibote  wfco  eaflMMly  r^ 
grett«d  tbat  any  obiiacle  should  ariM:  lo  the  coiupleiioa  of  (be  cocidttiofM 
of  Honun  Catholic  emaneipatioa,  on  which  a  voinUcnUe  portion  of 
iIm  people  of  Ireland  wett  Mppoaed  to  have  girco  1ft  die  unton  their 
lipriM  or  tbelr  tacit  coa«enl. 

When  ikc  Mfininiatralioi)  o(  the  manjiwu  of  WelWIcy  in  India  u- 
yjf«d,  hn  wai  uict^eednl  by  Lord  Minlu,  under  whoae  grnenil  favem- 
meni  many  bifihlT  important  acquisition*  bare  been  aiMie  by  lh«<  Brititb 
amw,  for  the  licneRt  of  tlie  date  at  large,  as  well  a*  of  tbr  India  com- 
pany in  (MTlicaUr.  In  the  lucceMfnl  espcdilioa  againtt  the  great 
Dulrli  •eltlrmrati  at  Batavia  and  other  parU  of  JaTa,  I^xird  Minio  not 
•nly  iaauMl  iba  neorMaiy  ordcra,  and  look  the  ncee«nry  ■iMMVrra  tn 
llMHtc  ineioaM,  bul  accvrnpaiiM  tba  Iroops  embarked  in  perMin.  HU 
period  of  rnidene*  ta  Bewgal  drawing  to  •□  end.  Lord  Minio  via  n- 
IttVMl  by  tlu>  earl  of  Molm,  anil  aooa  ■ftcraards  look  (hipping  far  Bag- 
UikI,  wbre  bo  arriivd  in  tbe  middle  of  May,  and  from  ihat  lime  hh 
hralih  woa  *i*ibly  on  llw  d«cliii«.  He  duvartcd  thi*  Ufc,  June  Sli^ 
1«I4- 


JUooti,  Fioroimt  Sribpoit. 

aoaa  a.  ■>.  l7iS^aiKD  a.  o,  tSlt. 


AtKiaHDiR  liooD  WW  ib«  aecMid  fon  of  the  Rev.  Saniiu-1  Hood. 
vkar  of  TberiMiontbi-,  Devon,  but  (originally  of  the  country  of  DonMi 
where  tbe  family  once  poMciwed  ronuilerabUr  properly. 

Ho  woi  allowed  to  enirr  tho  nary  at  an  early  age,  aAer  reeeifiog  lbs 
ebmanl*  of  edncalkm  Dndrr  tbe  patemql  rood  Oo  ibe  Sd  of  Deeen* 
ber,  174(1,  ba  rreeived  a  lieu  truant'*  eomiBuaion,  and  in  17A6 
imrtcd  with  ihc  moimaDd  of  ttir  l'rini«  Uvorgc.     In  ikc  rollowiog 


F«uai>.| 


HOOD.  TliCOUKT  BBIPPORT. 


143 


I 


be  e3inm<uiil''i1  (lie  Anit4(>p«,  and  «ignnti«Ml  liiiii««lf  by  destroying  tli« 
Aqnilon,  a  l-'mii^h  TrignU;  or  49  gun*,  aftrr  a  ranniRg-ftghl  of  two  hoan' 
duration.  In  1758  bo  vra«  pmMil  in  Admiral  SaiintbTc'*  nhip,  at  the 
defeat  of  thn  Frrn«b  vquadron  under  Un  Qurmr.  In  1761,  mbi\t  In 
command  of  the  Mitirn-a  or  S2  gnn*,  lie  fi-ll  in  with  (h^  Wnriricfc,  origi- 
nally'' an  Enf[li»li  ihip  of  60  gun*,  but  tlwn  mounting  34,  vrith  n  very  full 
coaipicmcnt  of  men.  A  dcipcratc  action  cnfurd,  in  ohirh  both  xaaeh 
were  »o  crippled  as  to  be  in  danger  of  going  down ;  hot  the  Frrncti 
eoloun  wcr«  ul  loit  alruck.  In  the  month  of  Angott,  in  tbc  Mm*  year. 
Captain  Hciod  liad  the  honour  of  conToytng  ibr  PrinccM  Charlotte  of 
Mccklcnburf;-SireliU  to  EngUml.  In  June,  1778,  Captain  llood  wiu 
pmcnt  in  tli«:  Robuit  of  74  gun«,  in  thr  action  with  O'Orvillicr*  off 
Usbant.  lu  tlic!  rccrim illation*  which  rnnird  brivint  th«>  two  KngUah 
admiral),  Kcpprl  and  l^iiliirr,  Captain  Howl  was  ulightly  inrnlvrd. 

On  the  2Sth  of  S<.'pli.'iiilicr,  1780,  Cuptain  llood  wiu  appointed  rcar- 
adniral  of  the  White.  la  1782  he  acoompaiiie<t  Lord  llon-r.  whra 
thtt  officer  fAWvd  to  tlic  relief  of  Gibraltar,  and  threw  in  mpptic*  Jn 
the  he*  of  the  combined  Hecta  of  France  aiid  Sjiain.  The  next  jcar, 
HM^4idmiral  llood  was  cbo«en  reprcsenlatinr  fur  Bridgcwatcr,  antl 
kkortly  after  far  the  town  of  Boekiagham.  In  1787  he  beoane  rice* 
admiial  of  tlie  White,  and  io  the  following  y«ar  was  niade  a  knighi* 
companion  of  tlie  Baih. 

On  thv  Itt  of  February,  1793,  Sir  Atcjiandtr  Hood  was  appointed 
*ieei«dniinl  of  the  Rrd,  and  lioiitrd  hi*  Hag  in  the  Royal  Gcoi^,  one 
of  llie  channel  fleet  under  Earl  Howe,  to  whom  he  acted  a*  second  In 
the  nurmonible  engagetueni  of  the  lit  of  June,  1794.  For  the  hon- 
oonble  »hare  ho  bore  in  this  conflict,  fce  wai  created  Baroo  Bridport  of 
Cricket  St  Tbomaa  in  Irvlaix). 

In  Juoe,  1705,  Lord  Bri<lport  tailed  fWxn  Splthead  with  fbuttM>R  ull 
of  the  line,  (o  craite  off  tlic  Frrnrh  coast;  and  on  the  23d  of  that 
month  hi!  fell  in  with  the  French  Heel,  and  captured  tliree  xhips  of  tbc 
line  done  in  with  Port  L'Orient,  In  March,  I79B,  he  «ucc**ded  Lord 
Howe  M  vicoHKlmind  of  Great  Britain,  and  on  the  Sl»[  of  May  wai 
raiacd  to  (be  peerage  of  Great  Britain  by  hi>  former  lilU.  When  Lord 
How*  migncd  comnond  of  the  channel  fleet,  I^ord  Bridpott  was  ap- 
poiBMdloit 

The  year  1797  wan  diogmccd  in  the  annals  of  this  coantry  by  the 
groat  oaval  latitiny  which  tint  broke  out  in  the  channel  fleei.  In  the 
month  of  February,  ill  that  year,  lettem  were  wot  from  all  the  lioe  of 
balilc-nhipt  al  E'orlimoulh  lo  Lord  Howe,  praying  for  h<a  lordship's 
influence  (ownrdi  obtaining  a  redreas  of  certain  gricranoM;  as  these, 
howerar,  were  anonymous,  ond  appeared  to  be  all  written  by  one  per- 
son,  and  couched  in  the  Mme  language,  they  were  coniiderrd  aa  tbo 
produGlioii  of  some  Ittftioua  iodtvidoal.  and  were  tbranTa  aiidc  as  un- 
worthy of  answer.  This  Dcglect  of  tbc  petition  of  the  seamen  oh  their 
return  to  port,  (March  SIst,)  occasioced  a  corrcipoodcBce  by  letter  to 
be  kept  up.  and  passed  tram  ohip  to  ship  Ihroogb  tlie  whole  fUet,  till  at 
leD([th  it  was  unanimously  agreeil  upon,  that  no  ship  should  lift  an 
anchor  till  the  demands  of  the  Hcet  were  fully  complied  with.  In  this 
•late  mallera  remained  till  April  l4tb,  when  orders  were  sent  10  Porli- 
BOutb  for  Lord  Bridport  lo  sail  with  the  chanoel  Bett.  On  the  follow- 
liig  day,  however,  wheii  his  k>rd»liip  made  the  signal  to  prepare,  not  ■ 


I 


144 


rouricAL  »Biu. 


(Kwm 


■hip  (ib«y*d  the  ngmX,  liwUvd  of  wvigliin);  aitcfior,  tht  f*»mm  o(  tltc 
ailnilnl's  «hip  nn  up  ifar  •hroudu,  an<l  f:«T«  three  chMT*,  whicli  vu  the 
MgMl  to  Ibe  real  of  thr  IWcl  for  nuking  p»Um  llicir  molutioiu.  TkcM 
ckccn  «pr«  tmCOfill}'  antveml  by  the  other  *lii|» ;  tDd  JI  WM  HMkHmI 
id  a  DKKnent  that  ihr  combinalioo  wiu  romplele.  Tbr  otHcrrs  rtrmu- 
cutly  exerted  Uirmt^lir*  to  bring  Ibe  men  to  ft  iciwa  of  tlx'ir  dulf,  liitl 
willmit  effiKI.  The  prltv  otKcrn  luul  concnrrcd  with  lh«  ■icli,  in  lii« 
determiiUtMXi  not  U>  do  llirir  duty  till  tbrir  p«y  wiu  incrr«M(l;  all  ihe 
differvnt  rrrm,  ho«i;vrr,  were  very  onbriy  nd  procAyir  ia  tbeir  cwi- 
duct,  performing  every  daiy  of  tlie  «liipa  aa  ncual,  rxccpt  tbol  of  weigh- 
ing aacbor.  The  next  day  a  boat  froB  cacti  >bi|i  utw  di'oiandcd,  and 
two  IMK  frnm  the  crew  of  cock  were  appointed  dck^aie*  to  n-prcicnt 
tb*  whok ;  the  admiralV  oabin  briii]!  fixed  upon  a*  the  propi-ri-it  place 
br  ibrir  deliberatioiw.  At  ibU  timi;  auni!  of  tlie  olBcvra  were  luH'ercd 
to  go  on  <bon^  Petitiotw  wvn-  nnw  drawn  up,  and  pmeoted  to  Lord 
Briripoft,  Sir  AUan  Gardner,  and  iJio  po«t-acliaiml.  Kiting  fortJi.  lliat 
"  wbiJo  ibc  KoliUrrt  and  nurinea  had  recetTrd  additional  alluwancn,  llm 
pay  of  Uw  wiBMn  bad  not  been  aogmcaited ;  ibcy  tbctefure  duirtd  aa 
inoteaia  of  w^ca;  and  a  bopc  m»  cxpicMcd,  that  an  aaiver  n^hi  be 
given  U  tbeir  pdiliaQ  bcfbrv  iIh'V  ucre  ordered  to  put  to  wa  ag»u).~ 
Thi>  eiprewion,  howercr,  was  ijiuililii'd  with  one  cxcepliua,  "  unlet*  the 
enemy  were  known  to  be  at  tex."  On  ilu'  I7tli,  every  man  in  lite  fleci 
wa*  •worn  to  mpport  iIh-  caoie  iu  wbicb  he  had  rmbarkcd,— tbe  adaii- 
ral't  budy  M-rvant«  not  being  eu'nipted  froin  ike  ualii.  fiopea  «eiv 
rai*cd  itt  Urrorem  al  lliv  (i>n»-yard  arm  of  every  >iirp,  and  Mf^r^  oA- 
ecn  who  bad  befaaeed  iu  a  lytanuical  laaaner  were  turui-d  a»li«re.  Tb« 
dqnttci  oonHilled  logMhtr  every  day  ou  bonrd  tW  Qu<-rii  Cbailuttr, 
retaming  at  niglil  to  tbeir  respeciivr  nhip*.  On  lb'-  IStli,  a  ooiaauUM 
of  tbe  admiralty  (Earl  Sfwnocr,  Lord  Anlen,  Admiral  Youiif,aod  Mr 
Sccrelaty  Mar*di-n)  arrivwl  at  PortsoMMitfa,  and  in  tbe  coune  ai  llua  ami 
tbe  two  foUoitiag  day*  irvcral  propoaitiona  were  made  to  rednoa  ilia 
iatt  to  obedience,  but  inelFcctually.  On  tbe  Slit,  Admirab  Gardner, 
Col|Myit  and  I'olf,  went  on  board  the  Qucvn  Charlotte  in  order  to  co»> 
fee  «ith  the  deU^tea,  wbo  in  a  great  ni«a>ure  becama  convert*  to  lL« 
admirala  :  but  wookl  settle  notbiog,  a>  two  dctcgnle*  from  oae  ebifi^  iJia 
Royal  George,  were  on  ibore.  On  the  return  of  ihoc  two  dcl«(M«a 
«a  board  the  Queen  Cliariollf,  tliey  informed  the  dclrgft6oit  aad  the 
iHlBiiralai  that  it  wa«  tbe  detenni nation  of  tbe  Royal  tieor>;e  lo  agraa 
M  Bodklqg  that  dioatd  oix  be  *aiictiuDcd  by  parliament,  and  guannlaed 
by  Ika  fclag'a  prachnialioo  of  ponloa. 

Ia  tba  wbaie  of  tbeae  prooeediagi  tbe  eooduct  uf  tbe  lailorv  ■«■  or- 
d«^.  ^|Mfmi«i  and  delsmined ;  they  took  puMvauto  uf  all  tbe  ma- 
gWWlw"  Inartrd  all  ihair  gnnav— eenfined  ctety  officer  to  Li*  rmpa»- 
tin  aUfv— iepl  watcb  r^olarly  tbe  aama  aa  at  mo,— ami  pirt  imijr 
IhiMg  into  a  atste  of  defence.  Intoiicatioo  or  miaeonduct  In  any  oi 
ibe  mca  waa  arverely  panwiicd,  ami  oo  tpiritaoua  ii(]nora  wera  wtMtnd 
lo  b»  btlMghloa  buord  any  ihip-  Ou  tlic  2^1  the  uioi  wercMmcwbat 
puittA.  and  niuad  t«u  letters  tu  be  writi>-ii,  one  to  tbe  kwdi  of  ibo 
•ikairalty,  atating  tbe  gniund*  uT  liieir  coodoct  un  tba  praacrfiog  day* 
■ad  anotbcr  ta  Lord  Ilritliiort,  iu  whiob  tbry  awwed  ao  la4eBtiouBl 
offwea  lo  blm.  and  »tyl*d  bim  tlieir  btlier  and  Iriend.  Tltia  bad  a  good 
tttttk,  fer  on  (b«  2Sd  tbi  adDural  leturmul  lu  liu  abip,  hokiad  Ua  Sa^ 


I 


Pmmo] 


HOODi  VlaCOUVT  SHIOPORT. 


145 


■gain.  aud.  oiior  a  ik^rt  ailtltMf  lu  Uh^  rrev,  jnronnMl  iIkio,  (liat  ba 
ImcI  brOttglit  HtUi  liiiii  u  tMlriru  of  all  llicir  griftvaiiee*,  and  Uie  kUig'a 
p«rdoD  for  Uio  oHL-udcn.  A/t«r  wu«  detiberalioii  ihe»e  prolTen  vera 
aocefitfd.  and  «t-cry  wan  muriwd  to  bia  duly.  Ii  was  now  lliought 
that  all  di»putM  were  finally  settled :  th«  '  ddica(t>  uleiHie.*  Uouever,  ot 
Mr  I'itt,  Id  omitting  to  «i[>Uiu  ilie  rvaaoiu  wliicti  i-aJled  Tot  an  iiiort-aixt 
or  pay  to  b*  granted  to  lh«  navy,  «]i«n  li«  aubinillcd  a  motion  fur  lliat 
puqKHc  to  the  houw  or  oommoiw.  ira«  coiutnied  by  the  *oBiuen  into  a 
diapovilion  not  to  accpdt)  to  ibeir  dcuiaiida:  and  on  Sunday  morakigi 
May  7tl>i  when  Lord  Bridport  made  the  tigiud  to  weigL  anchor  and 
put  tu  tea.  every  abip  at  St  Helen'a  rofHMd  to  obey,  lu  llie  counc  at 
the  aneruoon  tliejr  ordered  a  meeliai;  of  the  deIvKalcs>  aa  befute,  on 
board  ibe  Londou  of  98  i;uai>,  whit'li  carricid  ibe  fluK  of  ViM-aduiiral 
Colpoys.  Tbe  admiral  rt^wlvcd  tu  o(ipo»e  ibeir  coiniuK  oo  iKHrd,  and 
appriied  tbe  lueo  of  liifi  sliip  of  bin  inieiitiwn.  He  urdi-n-d  tliv  uiarinci 
uodcr  arm*:  fonie  of  wbom  obeyed  the  order,  while  otbun  n-fuird. 
Tfae  delegal«a  persisting  to  come  on  board,  the  admiral  ordered  the  luu- 
rinee  to  level  tbetr  pie<'ea  at  lliem.  and  a  *Iighi  »kiroiii>li  look  jdaoc.  By 
lb*  Arc  of  tbft  mnriim  Rvc  teamen  were  killed,  |ui>  uTslium  were  drlr* 
jcalM.  The  whole  crriT  of  ihc  I^ondon  now  declared  o|ien  boitility  la 
tho  oAtevn  and  marines ;  llicy  turnrd  tii«  gum  in  tli«  fore  pari  of  ihn 
ship  lawanli  the  Mem,  and  tlircati-ocd  to  blow  all  nil  iuto  tlic  waleis 
unless  lltcy  surrendered.  Tlie  uffieers  surreudcrrd,  awl  the  mnriiuM  laid 
down  their  anus,  and  Admiral  Colpoys  and  Captain  Griffiths  vrrr  con- 
jinetl  scTrnd  lioun  in  scfiuruln  eabiiis.  In  caiuc)nrnee,  however,  of  tbft 
nsolutioa  of  tbe  Imusv  o(  conimons,  pau«Kl  May  Sili.  nml  th«  king's  free 
|Mrdon  being  coBimuaicated  to  tbe  Msamon  on  May  lOib,  tl>ey  appcjircd 
to  be  Miinlk-d;  thoottcen  were  ([enerally  reinstated  in  thrir  commaads, 
the  red  Hag  was  siniok.  and  the  whole  of  tbe  grand  Hcet  prepared  to 
pwt  la  SCO.  The  mutiny,  buueter,  alterward*  run  tlirougli  tlic  whole 
uf  tlw  Hocl  at  Plymouth  aad  Sheeniea*. 

Tbn  Korth  *<-a  fleet,  as  well  a«  tbo  ibipt  lying  at  tbe  Nons  appear  to 
liave  had  tlie  rvdrtM  of  other  grlev*oc<»  in  view,  besides  wkai  related 
lo  tbe  incruue  of  pay  und  |>rvv»ion«  detunded  by  lb*  gnutd  Scri  at 
Spiibead.  A  more  equal  ilivisiou  of  priie-noi>cyr— uioro  n^lar  and 
freqvent  p^nent  of  wagua, — and  ceiiniu  prinlege*  of  perniisstun  to  go 
on  sbore  wbea  \n  port,  us  fur  as  iniclit  be  conn-nienl  to  llie  trtric^t— 
were  pointa  bwioled  upvn  by  lliis  division  before  lliey  nuuld  agree  lo 
rHum  to  their  regnlar  stale  of  subordination.  Daring  the  progn«s  of 
lliis  sUnBiuK  mutiny,  various  opinions  existed  in  tbe  puUic  inindi  in 
regard  to  tbo  oonducl  Iba  nraat  prudml  to  be  adopted  tun  ards  the  mu- 
tintCTSi  aoaa  penoaa.  with  tbe  miniilr)-,  wmuUI  listen  lo  uothmg  short 
of  unconditional  submission,  while  otluirs  insssled  tbat  pan  of  ihL-  ar- 
ticles, al  least,  might  have  bee-n  granted,  and  lliut  by  nxxkrulc  eonces- 
Mon,  the  lore  and  fidelity  ot  the  navy  uonid  lie  nioro  edicMuaUy  so- 
curcd  than  by  adopting  har>li  and  coercive  lueosures. 

At  ibc  commence  mcut  of  tbe  mutiny,  the  inulinc«r*  were  suflercd  to 
go  on  shore  without  interruption,  and  to  parade  about  tSherracw,  aiiJi 
music  flags,  aod  a  Inumplial  appearance,  calculalml  to  make  cnnverts 
to  ihcir  eaiise.  'I'beir  lM'ud-<iiiartcn  were  in  a  public  bouse,  fraoi  the 
windows  of  whieli  a  ml  tiag  was  lioittcd  many  days  succMsively.  TIm< 
delegates   and  eomuUtec   Run   wmt  on  shore  or  on   board  a<  ib^ 

*ii.  r 


^ 


u« 


POLITICAL  ItmU.  'Vixru 


fileaseJ,  anil  seemfd  comminden  of  Sheeniew,  m  well  as  of  tlic  sliijii 
at  Ibe  Nore,  Lord  Keitb  and  Sir  Charia  Grev.  however,  wlio  liail 
been  wnt  do«D  to  luperintend  th«  naval  and  miliiary  proccedlnei  in 
tiiat  quarter,  pnt  an  end  to  thb  indulgence  on  their  arrival.  With  k 
new  to  extort  compliance  with  their  demands,  the  matineen  proceeded 
to  block  np  the  Thames,  bj  refusing  a  free  passage  up  and  down  the 
rirer  to  tbe  London  trade.  The  ihips  of  neutnl  nations,  howerer,  col- 
liers, tod  a  few  small  craft,  were  suffered  to  pass,  first  receifiii^  a  pass- 
port signed  by  Richard  Parker,  as  president  of  the  delegates.  In  order 
to  eoBcenlrate  tbeir  force,  all  tbe  ships  which  lay  near  Sbeerness  dropt 
down  to  the  Great  Nore.  Tbe  lioe^f-batlle  ship*  were  drawn  up  in  i 
tine,  about  b^f-a-mile  distant  from  each  other,  and  moored  with  theii 
broad  aidea  fronting  each  other.  In  the  spaces  between  the  line-of- 
battle  afaips,  the  detained  merchantmen,  fcc.  were  moored.  The  force 
of  the  matioeerf,  at  its  greatest  height,  consisted  of  eleven  ships  of  the 
line,  esclusire  of  frigates,  in  all  twenty-four  sail.  Each  ship  was 
governed  hj  a  committee  consisting  of  twdve  members,  together  with 
two  delegates  and  a  secretary.  To  represent  the  whole  body  of  sea- 
men, erery  man-of-n'sr  appointed  two  delegates,  and  each  gun-boat 
one ;  the  mode  of  assembling  these  was  by  besting  a  drum. 

The  crew  of  the  Lancaster,  of  64  guns,  which  lay  at  Long  Reach, 
betrayed  evident  dispositions  to  join  the  ships  at  the  Nore,  but  were 
prevented  from  passing  down  the  river,  by  tbe  batteries  at  Tilburj-  fort 
and  Gravesend,  and  other  works  which  were  amply  defended  by  tbe 
milttBfy.  All  communications  being  slopped  with  the  shore,  the  muii- 
neera  supplied  themselves  with  water  and  provisions  from  the  ships 
ihey  detained,  and  a  pariy  of  seamen  landed  in  the  Isle  of  Grain  and 
carried  off  a  number  of  sheep,  &c.  The  accounts,  however,  of  their 
plundering  different  trading- vessels  were  exaggerated:  the  chief  act 
which  they  perpetrated  of  this  kind,  was  robbing  a  vessel  of  300  sacks 
of  flour,  of  which  they  found  themselves  in  need,  and  which  were  dia> 
tributed  throughout  the  fleet. 

A  deputation  of  the  admiralty,  at  the  head  of  which  was  Earl  Spen- 
cer, went  down  to  Sheernew.  but  they  had  no  conference  with  the 
rttleaates.  demanding  unconditional  submission  as  a  necessary  prelimi- 
naiv  to  any  interroursc.  Earl  Spencer  departed  from  Sbeemeis  with- 
out any  attempt  to  compromise  tbe  dispute,  after  having  caused  it  to  be 
^igniHed  to  the  seamen  that  they  must  expect  no  concessions  whatever, 
exeepl  such  a*  has  brfn  alrvady  made  by  the  legislature.  On  the  aOih 
oTMav.  thp  riyde  frigate  was  carried  ofl'from  the  mutinous  fleet,  by  a 
eombiiwilon  of' the  offlrvr*.  aided  by  some  of  the  seamen  ;  as  was  tha 
j^t  Fioi*ii'o,  lhi>  nilWM  of  which  rut  her  cables,  and  got  onder  weigh 
al  Ik*  itwlanl  wben  (he  boatswain's  whistle  was  piping  all  hands  to  din- 
(fh  TlwM  Bhim  werr  Hrrd  at  by  several  others,  and  the  St  Fiorcnio 
^lllte«4  MM*  namap>  in  her  hull  and  other  works. 

41  \h»  hwnvs  wrre  now  rrwovrd  from  the  mouth  of  tba  Thames 

iW  IwiahMiuring  nwsl.  by  ordor  of  government ;  a  precantioii 

k  to  ••m  h*  •»«*''  P'""'.'^  priplrxed  the  niutinrerv,  as  any  lai^t- 

4  *hfrh  wi^M  allempl  •»  "''  »•".*'  "•*  in  danger  of  ninning 

j^Hll      ttiral  |in-|';iTalii<ni'  «<''<'  vitm  made  at  Shcemcss,  against  an 

•It  (h*i  ll"  "*"1'^  o"*^  fcrfia«»  and  it^-hM  halls  were  kept  rMdy, 

tHi  ItMMhif.  Juiw  41k.  «•»•  *'»''  "^^  evinced  iU  loyal  dispoN- 


Pmott.] 


HOOO,  VIECOUMT  BRtDrORT. 


U7 


I 
I 


tioii  by  s  general  salulv,  which  mi  Bred  fnini  nil  the  shipt  at  the  Nore. 
in  oomplimetil  to  hu  majoKiy'i  biitliibv  ;  nu<J  lliv  slii|i3  wetx-  decoraii^ 
in  the  uni«  iiunni-r  as  on  n-juicin^;  days ;  itiv  red  6a^  beiii^,  huweveri 
kept  plyiiiK  at  the  maiu  of  tlie  SandirtHi.  On  llie  ^lli  of  June,  abuut 
niue  at  utt;hl,  tlie  S«rapiit  trigute,  uf  44  nan*,  miii  thi?  Dutcorury  nl- 
k'tnpted  to  duwrl  the  flctti,  ninklii;;  tur  the  I'urt  at  SlietmeBiii  with  the 
•iirw  of  rcturiilnfT  lo  ohtdimcf,  \Vhi.-n  iLU  waa  perceired,  all  llie  lin*- 
of-baltle  >hip*  within  rracli,  initantly  poured  broadiidc*  ut  ilirin.  Tlio 
Erigale,  lioa'cvcr,  nut  out  of  rcurh,  although  much  chattered  atid 
damaged  in  tlie  aiatta  aad  rlggiafi.  On  Turjntav,  th<!  Agamcmnun, 
Leopard,  Anient,  aad  lBi;>,  mcn-ot'-wnr,  atid  the  Kangcr  «loup,  joined 
■he  mnltnous  »hipi  at  the  N»rc,  having  left  the  Itcrt  of  Adniiral  Dun- 
can. Lord  NortlM»l(.  captaiu  of  tlic  ^loomoulli,  at  iIir  dciiiro  of  th« 
dclrf^atr*.  wctil  on  bounl  of  the  liandwich,  nhrrc  br-  rrcrivcd  propoci* 
tinta  for  nii  accommodation,  in  the  form  of  n  loltrr,'  wiiich  he  was  dc- 
airnl  to  lay  before  liix  ninji-ity.  [king  fiimtthcd  with  a  piuporl  from 
Richard  Parker,  he  went  op  to  town  by  wntrr.  lUo  demaiidi^  in  iho 
*«acncu'i  letter  being  tbuuglit  impraprr.  Caplaiii  Kniglil,  of  the  Inflexi- 
ble! carried  duwii  the  rHaiml  of  the  lord*  f>f  liir  ddniiralty. 

SleatturM  wvre  now  taken  by  Lord  Keith  and  Sir  C.  Grey,  lo  attack 
the  fle«t  from  the  woiLt  at  Sbeenicsd,  with  gun-boat*,  tui, :  ilic  drfi-c- 
lion,  Itouercr,  of  the  Itepulte.  Leopard,  and  Ardciil,  on  the  ()i;-lit  of 
I-'ridiy  the  9th.  with  oilier  •ymplom*  of  Irvacbi-ry  among  the  inuliDcm 
lo  their  own  caiiic,  reod^rod  the  unr  of  foree  unueceuiary.  On  Satur- 
day aeveral  other  of  the  *hips  pull«l  down  the  red  flag,  ai  a  »ign.il  lor 
the  laercliantmen  to  go  up  the  river,  and  the  store  and  vietunlling  thipt 
to  remain  behind :  all  of  ibrHs  lioncver,  profiled  by  the  opporluuity  to 
vRrct  tlirir  r*cnpr.  after  hating  been  Rred  at  by  lite  fleet. 

The  niutiiir<'r«  now  framed  a  more  moderate  set  of  artidea,  dcacrilv 
ing  the  nature  of  tlieir  grievance*  nud  d«inan<l»,  wliicJi  they  lent  to  tbo 
Bdoitralty  by  Captain  CoUU  Minitier*,  however,  were  tWy  deter- 
niiaed  Rot  to  grRot  any  demauiU  but  to  force  the  icainpn  to  uiieoudi- 
lioaa)  aubuiiation.  (in  the  1 1th,  the  Neptune,  of  OS  gun*,  tnannn)  a  iib 
nreaa-ganga,  voluniceta,  Sec.  (mc  K.  Goner  eommuntUr,  Cull  down  to 
LoDgTMch,  with  a  V  ten-  lo  act  offi.-n«ively  ogaiwt  the  mutineers ;  the 
Ijancatter,  which  had  aurrrtidered  on  the  Klhi  the  Af>ineuurt,  sod  a 
number  ofgun-boata,  were  aUo  etjiiipped  ia  the  river  for  the  Mine  dr«- 
lination.  Tlie  linnm-M  of  the  teamen  woa  already  ahakeii  by  the  fm- 
tnidable  prcparalion*  orgovrrnmriii.  and  llie  «ant  of  fre»h  pruviaiaii'< 
and  water ;  and  it  wax  evident  tlinl  the  cowbinBlion  waa  falling  lu  pieor*. 
On  (he  I3lh,  iiiott  of  the  ahipa  t4ruck  the  red  flag,  and  hoieled  tlic 
union,  to  tigoiiy  their  de>ir<^  of  rvtiirtiiog  to  obediencew  On  Tucaday 
inoratug,  Joiie  ISth,  the  Agamminon,  the  SlaiKlard.  the  NaMau,  ihn 

I  To  Tui  rmht  HeMaraAat^B  Eaai.  Koanina. 
Uf  Lcril, — "  Yc«  mn  btrOij  raqalrvi  Md  dfiwrlnl  10  prMMd  ta  LonitoB  wilk 
M«tt  ptpvn  ••  *r«  nlmled  I*  foor  earth  and  to  1*}  tba  laiD*  bafarv  our  cncioiH  •»!• 
•(•igo,  Kfog  Cvoriia  (be  TVrd,  *Bd  to  rtprMeni  lo  uut  gneiom  tatvttigu,  ihal  tba 
aMoian  U  IliaNMahatalMcnfloaljrMartvirwnieJ;  al  l1wMiii«  linigk  if  rar  Sfadoui 
■•tHvign  dow  not  onbr  at  to  ba  mlmwd  In  QAj-ruur  Imnn,  xicb  a*j»  will  U  taken 
aa  HiU  M(anM>  oar  ihar  eouati)  niu*." 

D)r  atlit  orihcdrlfiolrii  oftlioahulB  fleet. 

Idniano  TitaKia,  rmidnni. 


]4d  roLII-ICAL  SBRIfiS.  [Simit 

Iris,  and  the  Vestal,  ran  avray  from  the  other  ships,  and  got  under  the 
protection  of  the  guna  at  the  fort,  not  a  single  shot  being  fired  at  them. 
The  crews,  however,  of  these  vessels,  were  very  &r  from  being  unani- 
mous, as  several  men  were  wounded  and  killed  in  the  struggles  which 
took  place  on  board  them,  between  parties  of  the  officers  and  those  of 
the  seamen.  On  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  not  a  red  flag  was  seen 
flying  at  the  Nore,  and  the  blue  was  universally  hoisted-  On  Friday 
the  16th,  all  resistance  to  the  authorily  of  the  officers  ceased  on  board 
the  ships,  and  the  mutiny  was  in  effect  terminated,  although  some  of 
the  ships  which  had  proceeded  up  the  river  were  not  reduced  to  en- 
lire  obedience, — the  Beiliqneux,  and  two  or  three  more,  held  out 
the  last.  The  officers  of  the  Sandwich  surrendered  their  delegates, 
Parker  and  Davis,  to  a  party  of  soldiers  sent  on  board  by  Sir  C.  Grey, 
togetber  with  Gregory,  Higgins,  and  about  thirty  other  delegates ;  these 
were  committed  to  the  black  hole,  in  the  garrison  at  Sheemess.  On 
the  first  appearance  of  the  soldiers,  one  of  the  delegates,  Wallace,  of 
the  Standard,  shot  himself  dead.  During  the  progress  of  the  mutiny, 
a  letter,  dated  June  4th,  (which,  however,  is  believed  to  have  been  fic- 
titious,) was  sent  to  the  delegates  at  the  Nore,  from  the  seamen  of  Sir 
Koger  Curtis's  squadron,  end  another  from  the  late  delegates  of  the 
ships  at  Plymouth,  exhorting  the  mutineers  to  return  to  their  duty. 
These  letters,  forged  or  otherwise,  are  said  to  have  had  considerable 
efi^ecl  in  creating  divisions  among  the  men. 

On  Thursday  the  22d,  the  trial  of  Parker  commenced  on  board  the 
Keptune,  off  Green hithe,  before  a  court-martial  consisting  of  captains 
in  the  navy,  of  which  Sir  '1'.  Paslpy  was  president.  Parker  was  charged 
with  "  making  and  having  endeavoured  to  make  a  mutiny  amongst  the 
seamen  of  his  majesty's  ships  at  the  Nore,  and  with  having  behaved 
bimsrif  contemptuously  towards  his  superior  officers."  The  trial  was 
continued  by  adjournment  to  Monday  the  2Gth,  «hen  the  president, 
nller  observing  that  the  crime  of  which  the  prisoner  was  convicted  was 
"as  unprecedented  as  wicked,  as  ruinous  to  the  navy  as  to  the  peace 
and  prosperity  of  the  country,"  adjudged  him  to  suffer  death  at  such 
time  and  place  as  the  lords  of  tiie  admiralty  should  appoint.  The  lead- 
ing articles  of  the  charges  against  Parker  were,  that  he  had  behaved  in 
two  instances  vith  insolence  to  Admiral  Buckner ;  the  first,  in  not  al- 
lowing the  admiral  to  appear  on  the  quarter-deck  of  the  Sandwich  ;  and 
the  second,  in  forcibly  taking  away  two  marines  Irom  the  commission- 
er's house  at  Sheerness,  in  ^pite  of  the  remonstrances  of  the  admiral; 
that  in  the  different  conference*  with  the  ofiicers  he  had  always  taken 
Die  lead  as  spokesman ;  that  he  had  laid  one  seaman  in  irons,  and  or- 
dered another  to  be  flogged  ;  that  he  had  assumed  "  the  honour  of  re- 
presenting the  whole  fleet ;"  that  he  had  often  proceeded  from  ship  to 
ship,  haranguing  the  retipectivc  crews,  who  cheered  him  as  he  passed, — 
on  which  occasions  he  ordered  the  men  forwards ;  and  that  hu  was  on 
board  the  Director  when  lliot  ship  opened  a  fire  on  the  Itepulse,  and 
lie  gave  his  orders  to  fire.  Aftorthe  sentence  was  passed,  the  prisoner, 
with  a  degree  of  undismayed  composure  which  excited  the  astonish- 
iiient  and  admiration  of  every  one  present,  spoke  as  foiiows :  "  I  bow 
to  your  sintence  with  all  due  submission  ;  being  convinced  I  have  acted 
by  the  diclales  of  a  good  conscience.  God,  who  knows  the  hearts  of 
nil  men,  will,  I  liopc,  receive  uie.     i  liojic  that  my  death  will  nttjnc  to 


PutOti.]  BIh  THOMAS  FICtOA.  149 

the  country ;  and  that  those  brave  men,  who  have  acted  vitb  me,  mil 
receive  a  general  pardon.  I  am  »atu6ed  they  will  all  return  to  their  duty 
vith  alacrity."  His  conduct,  during  the  vhole  of  the  trid,  vsb  respect- 
fill  and  firm ;  and  he  remained,  to  the  last  moment,  apparently  unmoved. 
Such  ia  a  brief  outline  of  those  unprecedented  transactions  in  the 
Brtliah  navy,  which  we  trust  will  never  find  a  parallel  in  our  marine 
annals.  Lord  Bridport  i<oon  after  retired  from  active  service,  but  sub- 
sequently became  general  of  marines,  and  in  1801  was  created  Viscount. 
U'u  lordahip  died  in  1814,  without  issue.  He  appears  to  have  been  a 
good  seaman,  and  the  affectionate  epithets  applied  to  him  by  the  muti< 
neers,  even  in  the  very  height  of  their  frenzy,  sufficiently  attest  the 
respect  with  which  he  was  regarded  throughout  the  navy. 


■OIN  A.  D.  1767. — DIED  A.  P.   tB15. 

Tiii$  )!allaiit  ofBcer  was  descended  from  an  old  Pembrokeshire 
family.  He  entered  the  army  in  1771,  when  lie  obtained  an  en- 
signcy  in  the  12th  regiment  of  toot.  In  1763  we  find  him  holding  a 
captaincy  in  the  75th,  and  di-stingui^hing  himself  by  his  activity  in 
(Queuing  a  mi^iny  in  that  corps  while  stationed  at  Bristol. 

In  1794  he  enibarktd  for  the  Wr^t  Indies,  where  he  became  aid-de- 
oanip  to  Sir  John  Vatighan  ;  in  ITH6,  on  the  capture  of  St  Lucia,  Sir 
Hatpli  Abercromby  recommended  Piclon  to  the  lirutrnant-coloaclcy  of 
the  fiSlh  rpginicnt;  and  on  the  fall  of  Trinidad,  Culonel  Piclon  was 
appointed  governor  of  that  important  island.  While  in  this  station  he 
allowed  the  torture  to  be  applied,  according  to  Spanish  latv,  to  a  young 
Spanish  woman,  in  order  to  extort  from  her  a  confession  as  to  some 
robberies  to  which  she  was  supposed  to  have  been  accessory.  For  this 
act.  Governor  Picton  was  tried  in  the  court  of  king's  bench  in  1606, 
and  pronounced  guilty  by  the  jury.  A  new  trial,  honever,  was  grant- 
ed, and  legal  proceedings  cuntiiiucd  till  1808,  when  he  obtained  an  ex- 
culpatory verdict.  The  duke  of  Queensbury  liberally  proffered  him 
£10,000  to  defray  the  expenses  of  ihis  long-suspi'nded  trial,  and  the 
inhabitants  of  Trinidad  voted  him  ^5000  at  a  public  meeting,  in  testi- 
mony of  their  entire  approbation  of  his  conduct  in  the  governorship. 
He  declined  the  first  of  these  offers,  and  was  with  difficulty  prevailed 
upon  to  accept  the  oilier,  and  on  a  destructive  fire  happening  on  the 
island,  he  instantly  subscribed  a  sum  of  equal  amount  tor  the  relief  of 
the  sutferers. 

When  a  British  army  was  sent  in  1609  to  rescue  Holland  from  the 
hands  uf  the  French,  Major-general  Pieton  commanded  a  brigade,  and 
was  at  the  siege  of  Flushing,  of  which  town  he  was  appointed  governor 
aricr  lis  surrender.  During  his  slay  at  Walcherin,  he  caught  the  fever 
to  which  all  are  subject  who  are  doomed  to  reside  in  that  insalubrious 
islanil.  Before  he  was  perfectly  recovered,  be  was  again  called  into 
active  service  in  Portugal ;  where  he  commanded  the  tliird  division  of 
the  British  army, — a  division  remarkable  and  remembered  for  its  dis- 
tinguished zeal,  celerity,  and  courage,  animated  as  it  was,  with  the 
Bpirit  of  ill  gallant  comuiaDder-    At  tlie  siege  of  Bwlajos,  GeDend  Piv- 


1M» 


rOLITICAL  SKRlk4. 


[Kista 


Ion  di*liiixii>*)i«d  liimwlf  in  >  peculMr  muiner ;  lie  <•-•■  iltrroleal  lo 
inakc  a  tdgitvd  oltwL  on  a  cuUo  wkkb  tominiuided  tkc  ruDparb  oS  lite 
fartrcas;  but  be  v«f]r  aooD  p«mivod  Ifae  practicatHllty  of  taiing  this 
cMlle:  aud,  iltereforci  wiib  a  ttccition  pociilUr  lo  btf  charscteri  be  con- 
Tfrlnl  lite  f<-i|^ed  Info  a  rral  aiUcL,  and  liowicd  iIm  Briuili  6»g  on  tLe 
wall  of  th«  ca»tle,  lo  lli«  equal  «urpr>f«  and  joy  of  lb«  army.  And  la 
ihb  bold  iiMoifuvre  waa  lb«  reduction  oTtlio  fonraw  prionpally  owing 

Genera)  Pkion  tcncd  during  ibe  whi^a  »r  ihe  peniiHBUr  *ar: 
tlHMgbi  previoiH  10  ibe  batilv  of  SaianMoca,  be  bennie  m  ill  aa  lo  be 
oUiged  U>  mign,  lor  a  limCi  the  comimnd  of  h'n  divkioo,  wbkb  oo 
that  day  ua*  ioiruiled  lo  lli«  galUni  Sir  KtlMurd  I'aLeubaiu.  Bclbre 
lliv  baiile  of  Vittoria,  Picion  wu  duflicionlly  tvcuvtred  iw  reiiiinie  bi* 
toiuinaiid  :  and  in  that  bottle  hit  diriaion  acted  in  a  inamier  akich  m- 
cib'd  at  uuoL'  lite  aarpriM  $ad  adoitration  of  ilie  whole  aroy.  For 
iKaily  Toor  hour*  did  U  alone  sutlain  an  unequal  conflict  vilh  a  vmu 
■oiivriority  of  force.  General  I'idon  vm  engaged  in  ibe  batdet  of  ibe 
PyRmwca  and  ofToulovae.  HmI  did  not  quit  Uic  army  till  nocbing  re- 
ndied  to  be  done.  Al  the  eloae  of  the  oar,  rewards  ver«  distributed 
to  tbo  general  oflicer*  wbo  bad  ditlinguiahed  tb«iNtlvc»  during  it*  con- 
timuBCei  MMne  were  promoted  lo  ■  peervgc,  wbo  had  had  no  opporta- 
iiiliea  uf  dUiiiiguiahing  iheaudvfB,  a&d  wbo  had  acquired  no  dbtiae- 
lioD,  wliilcr  General  Picton,  wbo  bad  rendered  ihe  moet  iignal  terricea, 
•ras  left  untitled  and  unhonoarcd;  for  the  only  lillo  wbtch  be  eoioyed 
be  receiTcd  after  the  capture  of  Badajos. 

When  l!ie  war  again  broke  out,  in  coiHcquence  of  Booapartc'*  c»- 
cape  from  Elba  and  return  lo  TmncC)  «  cofoinand  waa  offered  to  Gene- 
ral Picton  in  the  Huke  uf  WHIington'a  army,  by  the  tecreiary-at-war. 
But  ibe  itcOeTal  iltcliucU  it,  uu  ibc  lupposiliuii  ihat,  from  tbe  apuoint- 
tncut  of  the  duke  to  bu  (icueraliMino  of  tbe  combiiH'd  annie*  In  iba 
Ncibcrland*.  lie  would  himMtlf  be  pUccd  undrr  tbe  command  of  lOtm 
olhi-r  ollicer :  at  IIm  naaic  ttnic  he  dcclurd  hii  rcodinrM  lo  go>  proridad 
Ihe  duke  of  Wdliogton  himaclf  iliould  eipriai  a  n'uh  to  have  bin 
Soon  alter,  the  duke  lignificd  bk  ramnt  dciire  to  have  Gcncrml  Picton 
wiib  hin,  mmI  the  geiMral  aocordipgly  went,  bui  with  a  rull  oonvictton 
on  hia  wind  lliat  be  tliould  norer  n-lurti.  In  the  luitk  of  tbe  16tb  of 
JunCf  mis,  in  which  he  wni  oppusrd  to  Ney,  witli  a  very  iafcriar 
(utee,  altd  wbally  ileklilute  uf  orlillcry,  be  *u>lain«I  a  miM  unequal 
niotcAt  duriiif;  thi'  greater  part  of  the  day ;  and  ibougli  be  nrce**arily 
■ulfeted  inuek  frooi  the  rc^xatcd  attack*  of  a  luficrlor  fo4c«,  be  ipu* 
lanily  diainiaincd  hi*  ground.  It  ■■  not  generally  known,  but  it  b  a 
certain  bet.  that  in  tliii  action  he  rrceivcd  a  wouihI  from  a  mnakei- 
ImII  ill  the  hip :  h«  concealed  tlie  wviuid  muat  itudinusly  from  all  but 
bb  own  MTVaol,  wlio  drevw^l  il  aa  well  aa  he  coutd,  and  wbo  bod  poai* 
lite  InjuDcliob*  not  to  reveal  it  to  any  one.  Tli"  general  kaev  lliU 
Ibi*  uas  only  a  prelude  lo  a  di-ritite  butllc  whicli  uiut  Mjon  take  place. 
Mid  at  which  he  *■•  n-*ol*rd  In  be  prr«cnl.  On  the  \Stlt  of  June,  at 
tbr  ner-tueinorablc  battle  of  Waterloo,  Ibr  dirition  of  I'icton,  ao  long 
the  terror  nf  the  Frcaefa.  nobly  tuttaim^il  llio  cluuncler  u  had  ao  dearly 
raranl.  It  wa*  ptaecd  pui|>o*ely  by  lliv  divceriiiitg  eye  uf  Wellington 
■M  a  wort  iiDportanl  poaiuun,  wbieh  it  dcfcndrtl  again>t  every  attack  of 
IIk*  mriiiy.  Il  wo*  in  n'|iilliiig  Wir  of  tbew  otl*rks  on  wfaieb  the  bta 
iif  tbal  liventful  day  niot^rully  defifnih'l,  tlui  (iiuKal  IViimi  rcvcitri 


« 


PltlOlh] 


%1R  ROBtKT  CALDXR. 


191 


a  cnnnon-ball  in  IIk  In-paal,  vhicli  iiiaUntlf  tfrniinaK^iI  Lis  (;lurii>iis  ca- 
reer, tod  Btretched  liim  &  llfdcis  eofpn  on  lb«  fidil  or  victory. 


^tr  Uo'btrt  CalStr. 


K>RK  A.  D.  I7U.— PIEB  A.  t>.   1615 


Tint  gallant  tpntnan  was  ihe  Tourth  son  of  Sir  Jamca  Cald«r.  by  a 
dau)i;litFr  of  Rcor-odmirnl  IIugliM.  Me  cnU-rcd  the  iiavy  at  the  agi-  of 
fourttM'n,  and  in  17S6  «-««  appoittlcd  lieutenant  of  tlie  Eracx.  In  Aii- 
j{u«,  1780,  lir  »n#  jimted. 

Ill  170G  lii>  wa*  appointed  piwt-eflptain  to  Sir  Jnhn  J«rria,  and  brouglit 
home  Ihe  dcxpatclie*  announcing  the  victory  n(F  ('npc  St  Vincent,  for 
hit  condnot  in  which  vngngcment  lia  n'S*  knighted.  On  tht^  Hii  of 
Auj^utt,  1796.  lie  wai  created  n  baronet;  aiid  la  I'ebruary,  1799,  be* 
raiiii^  Itear-admirnl  of  the  blue. 

Wliil«  Nel»on  was  in  pursuit  of  ihe  Toulan  fleet,  it  was  Sir  Itob^rt 
C'aUI*T'»  Tortiine  or  miifnrlune — for  mch  to  hiin  it  j>roved  in  the  seiiuet 
— to  fall  in  nilh  Villcnpnve  on  the  ^2.1  of  July,  1805.  The  followmg 
1*  Sir  Robert'*  d«9|iate.li  ti>  the  ntli&iralty  u-crelary  on  liiin  oecnaion : 

'•  PaixcB  or  VjiLR*.  Mf  md.  IMS. 
"SiB.— Ycjlerday  at  noon,  lal-  W  dej;.  CO  niin.  N.,  Ions-  M  dejr. 
17  min.  W^  I  w4i  broured  villi  a  vi«w  uf  the  oombiued  Mjuadroo*  nt 
Franoe  and  Spain,  ooiuitliax  of  twenty  Mibof-the-line,  alio  three  luryC 
ohipa  armoil  rn  jlult,  of  about  fifty  guns  caclt.  with  five  frigatea  aod 
three  brigi;  the  force  under  my  direction  at  this  time  consiatlng  of  fif- 
t«m  uil  of  the  line,  two  frigate*,  a  oulier,  and  lugger.  [  immediatdy 
■load  loTRrda  lira  enemy  with  the  (rjuodron,  making  the  ntcdfnl  upi^ 
for  baltlR  in  the  clo«cft  order;  and,  on  cloainji  with  iIu-r),  1  aad«  tb« 
signal  for  attacking  ilioir  centre.  When  I  bail  reached  thoir  rear  I 
taickcd  ibc  Miuadron  in  Fucenuon;  thin  brought  n%  ctcac  up  und^r  their 
lee,  and  when  onr  he^Klniiwt  >hip«  n-aclted  their  centre  tbeendmy  wero 
tacking  in  lucmjion.  Thit  obliged  me  to  nialcc  again  ihu  Mmc  mo- 
nccuvre,  by  nliieb  1  brought  on  an  action  wliich  litatf.'d  upward*  of  four 
hour*,  when  I  found  it  nece»ary  to  bring-to  tlie  «r,iiadron  to  cover  iho 
l«o  captured  ihip*  whoM  nanies  are  in  the  mttrttin.  (St  RaJad.  t>4 
gnnt ;  and  Firnn,  74 guna.)  1  have  to  obcervr,  ike  ciicmy  had  cviry 
advantigv  of  wind  and  wMlhcr  during  the  whole  day.  Tbo  irtathiT 
bad  been  foggy  at  liowa  a  great  part  of  tlie  morning,  and  very  taua 
after  wo  had  brought  ibem  to  aetiom,  the  bg  vaa  to  very  thick  at  in- 
trrrab  tliai  ire  couki  with  great  difficulty  tee  ibe  aliip  abend  or  oati-rii 
of  111.  This  n-udered  it  impoaaible  to  take  the  adraDtage  of  the  enemy 
by  *ignaN  I  could  hare  wiklied  to  have  done:  had  the  weather  been 
Diiorc  favourable,  I  am  led  to  believe  the  victory  would  ham  been 
more  complete.  I  have  very  great  pleasure  in  faying  every  rhip  wu 
conducted  in  the  moit  maaterly  Mylc,  oimI  1  beg  leave  lieio  publicly  lo 
return  every  eapttum  ofHoor,  and  nan,  whom  I  had  tli«  bonoor  to  com- 
nand  on  that  day,  my  moat  gntrAd  thanks  for  thrir  contpieiioiuly  gnl> 
lui  aod  Tftry  judicious  good  conduct.  Tbe  IJoMNirablc  Captain  tiaid- 
ner,  of  the  tlero,  led  the  ian-M|iiadron  in  a  ni<nl  nioiterly  and  officer. 


tss 


rtLITICAL  IKItlKIr 


fNivn 


like  nuuncci  U>  nlmnt  I  ferl  mywlf  pnriio nUrir  ia&>l)ir*l :  m  dImi  lo 
Capita  Cnmiog  Ibr  hb  MtbUiice  iIurioK  tlic  oHian.  Inctuwd  i*  a  liu 
flf  Uie  kilkd  aad  woumltnl  on  board  iJie  diffrfrDt  >tii|M.  iriniy  jiu%e 
from  the  gmt  •Uu];liirr  on  board  thu  capturrj  sliijB,  thi-  rantjr  mnt 
biTc  fnlTerod  gmtljr-  Tliey  are  now  in  iii;;lil  U>  wiodwird,  niid  nbeii 
I  lia*c  tMorcd  tlie  (»|i(uri-d  thipa.  aiid  pul  tlit?  cquodron  lo  ngiiU,  [ 
•liall  endeavour  (i>  afail  mjricir  i>r  anj-  u|)|Hiiiuniiy  that  may  ilfee  to 
gire  jou  sooic  furtlirr  accuuiit  oiT  (bote  cooikinvd  iquadroiMi^ — I  faavc 
tJi«  boDuur  lu  be,  Ac  R.  Caldkb, 

Thb  letter  excited  public  «X|iccl3tian  oontideraUjr,  and  a  >r«Mid  and 
more  drcuivr  cnftagL-mcot  uai  aniicipatiMj,  bttt  on  ifai^  16th  of  Angiwt 
intcU^cncc  rf«ji«(I  tlie  admirally  that  ibc  cumbiDrd  M]uadn>aji  bad 
reached  Frrrol,  Sir  Robert  aoun  alivt  arrived  in  Enjiluiid,  and,  at  hi« 
ovtD  solicitniioti,  «a«  broufilil  lo  a  court -niartial,  on  the  23(1  ot  Decem- 
ber. Tbr  poial*  itmisled  on  by  Sir  Rubvrt  Ciilder,  for  not  rttivwing 
tbe  riigi^cmi'iit  iMi  lliu  23d,  *er«:  Uiat  tbe  eneaijr's  brro!  aat  anp^rior 
lo  bia,  and  nl  a  eooMderablv  diitaace,  witb  a  bravy  iirell  oa  tfaal  day ; 
ituE  hit  Hcrl  nai  net  fully  prrjhored  lor  a  rresh  ueiiom  that  brbad  oidy 
14«ailartbeliiic^wilI)uutfn|tai«B,  and  tbeeumiy,  I6>ail,  with  frigain; 
tkat  if  Im>  had  atlenpled  lo  eo^)^  the  eutiuy  tbc  ^Vindvor  Coctle  (a 
crippled  iliip)  and  tlic  tu  o  prhc-i  ni%bt  hare  been  expoawd  and  perhapi 
taken.  But  above  all,  tbv  adaiiral  bad  apprebeotioM  that  wbde  jmt' 
BBiTig  thn  combined  fleet,  the  Ferrol  or  Itocbefwt  Kjuadruoi  mipht  ap- 
pear, atid  bu  fleet  become  ao  eaiy  prey  lo  the  uuEted  fom  of  the  rnrmy. 
Unaer  all  tbeae  dreuoMMocc*  he  juilged  it  puMt  prvdent  not  to  aHaapt 
lo  eapft  tha  eonbiiied  Beet  on  th«  23d.  Upon  Ibla  gniaad  the  nd* 
miral  re*lH  hi*  ju«tifi<alion  and  deCcDcc  After  (Mir  day*'  trial  Mr 
Gretbam,  the  judgc-odvocate,  re«d  the  aenlcnce  of  tli«  rottrl,  wttieh  «ai 
to  tkiT  followliif  raect :  *'  The  court  were  of  opinion,  that  ih*  charge  of 
MM  having  rracwwl  tha  ODgagrtnrot  witb  the  c«Bib«nrd  fleet,  and  of  not 
baring  taken  or  daatroytd  all  the  abip*  of  the  enemy,  which  it  was  hia 
duly  lo  liave  engaged,  w««  prorcd:  and  that  the  conduct  of  Viee-admlntI 
Calder  vaa  not  the  rfle«t  of  coarardko  or  diMSeetiun.  bat  hftd  arwnt 
ftom  an  error  in  judgnwot,  for  which  ho  wb«  highly  onauraUe.  sod 
dotemd  to  be  aciert-ty  rcnriinainhi) ;  and,  (added  iha  jndge-admoUh) 
he  i*  wvrrely  reprimaudca  accoedingty." 

Upon  ihe  penience  being  proiKniticcd  Admiral  Calder  appeared  deeply 
aflecicd, — he  turned  roond  ami  rrliml  without  a  word,  lie  «••  •»• 
conpaoied  hy  a  gmt  oumbir  uf  friendi,  and  on  deMndlng  from  the 
■leek  of  the  Prince  of  Wok'*  into  his  barge  acarcdy  llAnl  np  hia  ImmI. 
Sir  ltol>ert  iniiai-dLatcly  retired  iiilo  private  life,  hom  whieb,  bowwrvr. 
be  rmrrged,  in  IHIO,  to  Mcept  the  ofitoe  uf  pori-odniiml  at  llyineutk. 
Hit  death  occurred  on  (Jm  let  of  Seplembrr,  161&. 


i^timucl  SClgltbrrtib. 


aottn  A.  V.  1TA«L— fttni  a.  v.  191^ 


Tiiii  illiMtriout  palr>o<  wm  the  only  *mi  of  Kiunui'l  Wbitbr«ad,  Kai), 
many  yaan  a  mpcvtable  berwrr  in  London,  by  liia  aettMd  »ifr,  Mmjt. 


9mn.] 


sAHOat.  wmrsHKAD. 


153 


tUird  dugliler  of  Kirl  Comvallis  and  was  Uuru  in  ilie  year  ll&ti.  Ilo 
ifas  tatigtit  l^iigluh  nt  hniiw.  aiKt  wa>  svul  to  Eloo  04  A  vcrj  Mri>-  n^. 
In  llikt  actiiinniy  he  mu  mnuriiipoury  witli  Mr  LbiiiUod,  klU'rwanlN 
M.  I',  for  Uiirliam — n  pruiuiiiiiig  jouiig  ui&n  ttlio  died  at  a  vvrjr  early 
qc — with  Mr  C'bnrla  Grey,  now  Earl  Grvy,  and  Mitral  oLber  diatiu' 
^iilu^l  cboradm  irlio  have  tiince  fillnl  rniini'ni  ftaljonx.  JouatJian 
IHviw,  M.A..  wtu  (ho  h»d-n:iB«ter;  und  ibr  hi*  privsii?  tutor  he  h«d 
Ur  Gi-or|!C  Heath,  who,  in  1791,  nuccti'ded  tlic  forintr  a*  hcad-masUrr 
of  ih#  tciiool.  Fiofu  thu  ccklHnK^I  M'liiiiiary,  with  ull  the  Rdnntagea 
whicb  are  likely  to  have  been  irnp^sl  tuidcr  such  able  iiutruclon,  b» 
r^fwircd  to  (he  university  of  Oxford.  Hu  wa>  entered  lint  of  Christ- 
church,  but  MOD  r«niov(d  to  ^  J<>bii'i. 

After  ri»iiiiig  titany  partK  of  hi»  native  <N>iinliy,  Mr  Whitbrc-ail,  at  a 
pr^MT  period,  wa»  «cnt  on  hi>  Iravrli  orcr  ibc  cuntinrnt  of  Kurope, 
luulcr  the  car«  of  the  Itcv.  W,  Coxc,  with  whom  be  r^Kiireil  to  Kroner: 
*htr  viiilin^  rvrry  thing  mnarkabk  thvn^,  u  well  as  uuiileiiiplattji}^  the 
vcMi^n  of  Hi'lvrtiiui  liberty,  he  rtlurii^d  hoiiit.-,  qualified  to  beeome  a 
leguhtor  in  hb  native  ouuiitry.  Th«  tutor  *ome  year*  aftemsrds  dcdi- 
oaud  one  of  hia  wurki  lu  hia  pupil  in  llie  following  termi:  "To  Suiiiuvl 
Wbitbr«ad,  juu^  E»q<  M.P.  thi«  third  volume  of  Travels  into  Polaud, 
liuAiin,  Sweden,  and  Il^nnurk,  in  intcribcd.  ai  n  trstiniony  of  esteem 
and  friendhbip.''  Soon  al^r  hit  return  from  hb  travels,  Mr  Whiibrend, 
like  hii  blh^r,  aspired  to  a  m-iI  in  parliutneut.  Tlie  futiuly  ini1ii(-nop  i<i 
Bedlimbhirr  aroir  out  of  character  and  virtue,  a  reuiptucily  of  good 
oflice«i  and  a  liberal  boipitality  adordt-d  by  the  poiBetiiivn  ol'  luige 
»tale«.  Tlicve  legiliniate  prcteuuons  enabled  Mr  Wtiiibread,  in  1790, 
iifirr  n  ttmggh  oftoajt  duration,  to  represent  the  boroii^li  uf  Bedtbril. 

Mr  l^it  na*  at  ihb  lini<'  prrini«r.  Tbc  member  for  Biifford  tpoke 
for  llic  lin>t  tinw  on  the  Spaiibli  amiaineni,  but  it  was  un  the  KuMian 
that  he  first  disiiiiguikhrtl  hiniKtr.  The  heads  uf  the  up)>o*ilion  liad 
moved  a  re>olulion  exprrssivu  of  the  impolicy  of  the  arniaiimil,  wliilw 
the  ministry  recurred  to  the  previoiu  qnesUon,  demanding,  at  tbc  sonio 
lime,  an  entire  reliance  on  the  wMdotu  o(  the  cabinet.  It  ia  aluicnt  un- 
DeceiMty  to  remark,  that  a  divided  opposition  was  beaten  on  this  occti- 
kioii  by  a  cooGdiiig  majority.  Yet  the  former  in  the  end  triuro|>lied ; 
for.  although  lbs  ^y«a  of  ili«  ministry  w«re  shut  to  Uie  cvili  of  a  Ru»> 
■ian  war,  tidl  the  Mmplainls  of  conimervial  tncri  pourml  in  so  thick,  in 
lh«  loriD  of  peAittoas,  that  tbc  folly  of  expending  llrilish  blood  and  trpa> 
sure  about  tbc  possMsion  of  Ocxakow  bccamn  vuospicuous.  An  arraife 
lioe  acouftlingly  took  pUcr :  and  it  was  on  (hot  occasioo  tliat  tlie  Emptcat 
CaUwrino  requested  and  obtained  the  bust  of  Mr  I'os,  whom  tlie  coo- 
•tikrMl  as  iho  pnaiding  genius  nhu  lisd  bu«lied  the  storm  of  war.  As 
the  luinistcrs  bad  dcf<-ried  explaiiiitiuu  during  the  sirujrgic,  and  ut  ilt 
Inriuiiiation  Uudiously  avoided  tlie  subject,  Mr  Whilbread,  on  the  39th 
iifFebraoT)-,  1792,  movi^d  "  llial  a  ouoiiuiiiev  of  the  whole  house  should 
i'kc  into  coakiilernlioQ  (be  pa|icri  on  the  table,  r«speCtiii|{  the  late  a>- 
iuanient  agaiiist  Rums."  On  being  si*coink-d  by  Mr  Grey,  atWr  an 
Hoijueot  speech  of  an  Ixxir'i  duraiioo,  he  moved  his  resulutiou:  "ITint 
no  arrangeitienl.  rtsjiev^tin)*  Ucxaknw  and  its  district.  apjirarH  to  havo 
bei'n  capable  of  alFi'Ctiitg  the  |Mililical  or  commereiiil  interests  of  ihi* 
KMiniry,  so  a>  to  ju>iil,v  any  huilil*  inteffvmioe,  ou  the  port  of  Great 
ilhiaiu,  betwvni  Jltu-'ia  aiiafliK  Pbne,"     KaH  Fiuwjlliani  at  ijic  man 

rii.  p 


IM  POLITICAL  stniu.  [Kamt 

dnc  etlled  the  attention  of  the  other  Imuw  to  the  waie  uitgeet ;  ttttt 
tlK  nil&iMer  in  both  omm  trismptwd,  lo  br  u  the  *uflrmgM  of  luge 
MrtiaiMDluy  mjoritiea  coold  be  deemed  k  triumph.  It  vm  viuUe, 
boiKver,  tfaftt  from  thte  period  he  ceaaed  to  be  populw,  and  *w  obliged 
to  recur  Id  the  iaflneBce  of  numbera,  inatesd  of  that  of  opinion,  for  «^ 

In  Ibe  ^orioua  aad  erer-to-be-hoomired  ttragglea  of  the  mbority  in 
parliament,  and  of  the  people  oat  of  doons  to  tn^reot  the  cDmnienee- 
meat  of  that  aeifea  of  tragical  wan  which  desolated  Earope  for  twvatj- 
tte^yvm,  Whitbread  ma  one  of  the  Bmall  minority  who  rallied  roniMl 
Feat,  md  whoae  voiee  was  alway>  niMd  in  tlie  cauae  of  liber^  and 
homanitj.  To  follow  hia  career  dnring  thia  eventftil  period,  ^d  to 
give  even  the  moat  imperfect  sketch  of  hii  apeechea  on  nriaoa  ocea- 
aioiM  wouM  &r  exceed  our  limits;  tiiej  form  part  of  Um  paUie  tad 
psriiamentary  biator;  of  the  times,  to  which  we  refcr  the  iaqkiati** 
reado-. 

In  1795  a  conaidenble  d^ree  of  scarcity  fn^vaited,  aad  IbesitaaliaB 
of  the  poor  became  truly  deplorabte.  The  hardships  tncideM  to  bbo«r- 
era,  tradesmen,  and  mannlkctnren,  were  referred  to  the  coaaiderMiaB 
of  the  house  by  the  member  for  Bedford,  who  observed  that  tbe  mv^ 
mnm,  or  highest  extent  of  wages  to  hntbandmco,  was  6sable  by  the 
magistralei  but  not  the  rainimnm,  or  lowest, — a  circDDistsnce  vbicfc  was 
prodnctiTe  of  these  hanbhipa.  Accordingly,  a  few  days  after  tkis,  he 
brought  in  a  bill  to  autboriie  justices  of  the  peace  to  regulate  still  fiirthw 
tbe  price  of  labour  at  every  quarter-session.  On  this  occasioa  he  ww 
supported  by  Fox,  Jekyll,  and  Honeywood ;  and  opposed  by  Bardon, 
^ixton,  Vansittart,  and  iSlt. 

Mr  Whitbread,  as  well  as  the  party  with  whom  he  acted,  bvm  the 
beginning  blamed  the  war  with  France  as  impolitic  and  unnecesaaij. 
It  ii  not,  therefore,  surprising  that  they  should  seize  on  every  opporta- 
nHy  to  dose  the  scene  of  blood ;  and  we  accordingly  find  that  when 
B<»apar(e,  on  bis  return  from  Egypt,  addressed  a  letter  to  tbe  king  of 
En^and,  in  which  he  evinced  an  ardent  desire  for  the  tetmhaliiM  of 
hoMilitieis,  and  his  majesty  was  advised  to  treat  this  overturn  with  bob- 
tempt,  Wliltbread  made  a  mo«t  able  speech,  in  which  be  contended  that 
Ibe  war  might  have  been  avoided  in  the  flrat  inatanee ;  that,  had  it  not 
been  for  tbe  interference,  the  folly,  and  ambition,  of  tbe  other  powera 
of  Europe  the  Frendi  revolution  would  have  had  a  very  diflerant  result; 
(bat  Bonaparte's  letter  to  fai*  majesty  was  foil  of  good  eetne,  equiAy 
fhee  from  repoUican  Buniliarily  and  courtly  adulatioo ;  that,  under  oar 
present  cireunstanca,  we  ought  not  to  refose  the  proposals  of  tbe  fitat 
conaul  for  a  general  pacification ;  and  that  it  was  the  interest  of  this 
country  tbxt  a  peace  should  be  concluded  u  speedily  as  possiUe.  Mr 
Whitbread  had  by  diis  time  acquired  a  high  character  for  talents  and 
int^rity,  and  was  considered  as  only  second  to  Mr  FoX  in  tbe  bonse 
of  commons. 

In  ISOl  Mr  Pitt  and  his  colle^ues  withdrew  suddenly  from  oSce, 
and  Mr  Addington  leaped  from  the  speaker's  chair  to  the  treasDiy- 
bench  and  became  minister.  As  be  professed  himself  a  friend  of  eco> 
nomy  a  fruitful  crop  of  abuses  now  presented  themselves.  Those  in 
die  naval  department  ainne  excited  at  once  the  attention  and  tbe  indig- 
nation of  the  country.     The  reports  of  the  commisBioDeni  implicated 


Vnn*^) 


■AMUaL  WIIIT»U*D. 


1S.'> 


P 


Lord  Mtrlvillr,  wliu  liuil  rclunicd  lu  |wir^,  bol  who,  un  iiuib}'  •ccotiiit*. 
was  far  ttom  bciif)*  ]K>|iular.  H«  liail  \itKn  out-  ol'  (he  ii>u«l  walous  in 
llie  pniweutiou  of  iLe  Anwrwui  war;  be  «»*  Mid  to  bav«  beni  ilir 
cbirf  cuMe  of  iho  conUaunee  eftlM  ■l«v*-u«de;  and  be  bad,  on  oil  w- 
ciuiaiw,  br«n  the  dcdded  MHOy  of  consUtslMnal  rvbra  end  liberal 
goivnitncnt  Ou  the  8th  of  April.  IWU.  Mr  WbUlnrvad  movrd  iwetn 
iWMtlulkHU  ou  llii*  »ubj*«l.  ilinr  rMohiUaiM  v*rr  ■iiy'nitou>'ly  am) 
pawerfitlty  oppowd  hj  Mr  I'JU.  wbn  waK  uippottad  by  Mr  Cnoain):. 
the  uttanKj-groctal,  and  ibc  inailcr  ol'  ihir  riilU:  vhik  Tii:ni«}-,  I^nt 
Ueury  Pi-ity,  VVillxribrGi^  &e.  ipukr  aitaiimt  tlm  pruviou*  ifucitiwi-  Or> 
*  divieioD  the  numbcn  proved  csaclly  vquot.  iberu  boin^  iwo  hnndnH) 
and  BulMin  od  racfa  aide;  but  thv  niiniiitcr'*  inolion — bjr  which  it  hsil 
been  iu(ciid«d  ta  put  an  cud  to  all  inqniry — itrav  nvitaiived  by  llic 
•pealutr'*  vote.  A  few  days  after  Mr  WhIthrvaJ  movnl  thai  "aniiunibic 
•ddraM  abould  be  preteated  to  hi*  iniyettty,  pnjiiig  ibat  he  wuuld  jgn- 
ciouitly  be  pleaied  to  dUmim  Lord  Milvillc  froin  all  odivca  bekl  by 
Uin  doritig  plewurv.  and  alio  from  hit  council  and  pmenoa  tar  ever." 
Tbit  iMXion,  Itowever,  va*  withdrawn ;  but  a  lole  having  been  paattd 
"  Ifaal  tbo  r»rfn«r  retolulioiw  b«  laid  bcforr  hi*  mt^aty,"  aiwf  abo  "  that 
thvj  be  cariinl  U)>  by  tbe  whole  hoiue."  lh«  oanw  of  Vi«rount  Melville 
«ra«  ilruck  rroni  thi-  lUt  of  privy -council  lor*.  Oii  tbe  llth  i>f  June 
ViMOunt  Mdvilk  hiimdr,  huviii^  brvit  adinitted  mitkio  the  Imdy  of  the 
houtm,  tntcrrtl  into  >u  elnbonilc  di-Tcucv ;  but  uii  his  n-imng  Mr  WbU- 
brruil,  alier  an  able  and  cloquiTit  vpeech,  moved  "  That  Henry  I.onl 
Vifouuot  Melvillu  be  iiti|>vacli(.-d  fur  high  eriiuo  and  mi«denie9iiora," 
Tbu  propoNtUm  was  bafflul  by  varioui  iul^rveoinc  debates  till  ilic  ibth. 
wlicD  it  va*  finally  nnieil  by  a  m^orily  of  OW  hundred  aitd  «ixly-«ii 
lgliB<  oar  hundred  and  futty-lhrcr.  On  Iho  Sfllh  Mr  Whitbread 
wovttil  thai  the  bntiM!  ihoiild  nominate  tv<^i)ty-o(M;  nieoibm  to  prepare 
and  manage  (ho  arlid**.  and  ni  himaeir  placad  at  iba  bead  of  (hi*  lut 
a*  luannger  on  the  nomination  of  I^tnl  Tnuplr. 

On  the  4th  of  July  Mr  Wbitbrwl  brouKht  up  tbe  report  of  (bin  com< 
mHtcet  vhieh  wa*  fbilowed  by  cij;bt  ailicte*  of  iBi]ie«chinriiL  Tbe  trial 
BcconliTifcly  coDimenctd  in  Wcaliniiutcr-ltall  Oil  Tuesday.  April  VH(h, 
1806.  Mr  Wliilbread,  ai  »oun  lu  llw  rhar|[(«  and  aniurer  had  been 
read,  rose  and  opeoud  tbe  aerusationt  in  a  ape«eh  of  eJttrMrdinury 
ability.  The  trial  then  praeccded  thraugb  (outUcd  day*,  and  on  (ho 
bftocntb  day  Mr  Whitbread  ckMcd  the  proceeding  by  an  able  rejoiixlrr 
b>  the  mnnwl  liir  Lord  Melville.  On  the  *tx(e«»tb  and  last  day  Lord 
drtkinc  pronounced  a  venliri  ol'  acqoilla). 

Tbiw  euded  a  trial  whidi  liatl  cngaffrd  tbe  oarneM  aKi-uiion  of  llir 
public,  aiid  Htmu  wliich,  prevtooidy  to  the  event,  a  different  n»ut(  »a< 
generally  upected.  On  (wo  ol  the  cboign  tbcni  van  oitty  a  ni^jorily 
of  fouitaaoi  and  oii  n  third  of  Mitecn,  for  tlir  nc>|uitlal  of  hi*  lordabip : 
yet.  umler  all  the  ctreuiBftanoeii,  a  great  iriuoipli  nu  gniurd  by  ibe 
eonstitution  bl  thin  trial.  LonI  Melvilh'  won  at  ibe  time  ol'  llw  dieiuwi 
of  Uic  connutn*  in  iIm-  plenitiMir  of  power,  and  he  na>  aidid  by  all  tba 
inHaeVLv  of  Pill :  il  w««  ibrrclbrv  provol  that  llui  comtitutiua  wa*  Mt 
dnveid  of  ela?tiei(y,  Aod  could  on  a  i;r<'><  uccmwii  recover  ilidM  tonis 
It  waa  agreed  thiU  th<-  cbnlrinan  »f  ibe  CQiMUitm  nf  iRlpaMlbHMU 
had  comluetc^l  biniclf  ou  ikv  uccj.'iwn  in  the  nM>l  libi'jvl,  able,  and 
decoroiu  niunnrr. 


190 


MiiriCAL  •tiin. 


1% 


Tke  nipUira  uf  ilte  Iti-aiy  or  Amteu*  «ra>  i)i«  conflaDt  Uicihc  of  Mr 
WhilbrvAiri  BniniMlvmioiis  frooi  Ui«  Any  of  ihv  fanoio  memage,  in 
Hardi.  ltW3.  vhi-n  it  wi*  aiM-rtnl  ihoi  the  Vtvndi  wrrc  Dtakini;  fM«- 
TMJBliiMia  in  Ikrir  }ior1i,  till  within  n  »b'>rt  pM-ioi)  of  hi*  drulli.  Ifie 
mrad*  of  librny  who  had  Oppoccd  tbe  ronnpf  wnr  llf^i^^l  llw  MO'li- 
Intiraal  munaircii}-  uid  ivpiiblk  of  Fraoor,  and  wfaoiir  c^crlitint  tluobt* 
leai  tendtd  to  tbortcn  Ihut  war,  lixl  thrintrjics  juitly  bM<oaM  the 
ravtnica  of  BonafMrti-,  who.  iu  1799,  bud  ataiIcO  himteir  of  hit  popn- 
britjr,  and  uBuqKd  the  •upmne  pover.  Tli*  w»r-p»r1)r,  who  from  tit* 
tttt  Ind  aimed  at  the  forcible  fvatorariuti  of  (hi-  Boorbons,  availtd 
Ihrnwiln*.  ikentlbrc,  of  thU  finding  of  the  friendt  of  poaeei  and  both 
partica  nam  united  iu  iIm>  new  wu.r,  not  againM  Prance,  it  was  laii,  but 
againal  tbe  tytwiny  of  Bonaparte.  Tfao  friend*  of  tbe  Bourhonn  and 
the  ajMnnaiic  opponent*  of  all  liberty  were  tberrfore  blended  on  tbia 
OMoaion  with  the  genuine  friends  of  libeny,  who  f<|ually  di^likml  tba 
Bourbon*  and  tbe  uncootrollcd  «way  of  Uonaporie.  Tbo*  iho  war 
became  popular,  and  trw  lover*  of  liberty  prrceivetl,  iu  the  lint  inttanop, 
tba  (aara  into  which  they  were  ftnliing.  Mr  Fox  and  Mr  Whitbrrad 
wwrr,  bowoTCT,  nroong  iho*c  ftw-  I'hey  conimdrd  on  every  oecaaion, 
in  oppMition  ro  the  originnl  imr-pany,  that  ih^  nar  »a*  u  one  Of  wary, 
■nd  tbry  nrgnl  to  Ibotw  known  frirnds  of  liberty,  who  were  among 
the  rouat  vehrmrnt  portiiuiDii  of  the  nar.  that  foreign  nationt  4Hi|^l 
not  to  interfere  with  tbe  intrmal  poliry  of  other  conntrieat  that  ifce 
allcfiiil  tyranny  <A  Bminparle  nn<  a  mere  Freneb  c|UFat(oa  ;  and  that 
any  mppUH-iI  bi-oclit  of  a  Hourbun,  or  any  otitcr  ffOTemnirnt,  to  be 
•mpooed  by  fonigu  armies,  waa  not  worth  the  •acrilct*  of  bisod  and 
ireaaure  oalUd  m  by  ladi  a  w.  Tbe  doqneace  of  Ottm  pMrioii 
failed,  hawrvvr.  in  iti  clAet;  and  pcrhap*  no  wnr  wai  orar  *a  pOfNilar 
aa  ikat  whirh  irn*  tbui  ccnnmtficcd  abovi  Mnlio. — tbe  ailvged  Hrreja  of 
our  port*  by  aalbuHu'd  •j>irf — tluiu)ib  ihr  \>e*t  aurvry*  might  be  fmr- 
dbaaed  for  a  tew  ihillingfr— and  Ihr  allrgcrl  pn-paraiion*  in  the  Frvneh 
|N)rt>,  An  Mtanaive  party  ftivooreil  the  rtnvwal  of  a  cuntesi  ot  whicii 
it  hall  alvat-i  apprarnj,  and  another  party  yichU-d  it*  judgment  oa 
ainor  i|ui!Btioiit  to  iu  boiKvt  but  itl-dirrclr>l  huiiitity  to  ibc  BuMoadnct 
of  Ihc  he«il  of  the  Frci>cb  (ovrmincnt,  in  hating  dtMolrcd  the  eonali* 
tutional  bodie*  liy  (he  bayOMit  A  ajMaaMlie  uppoaitlon  (o  thb  war 
coMtitnU^l,  iherc^fore,  for  the  laat  twelve  ytar*.  a  chief  faatnre  in  Iha 
pnUin  Uboiin  of  Mr  Whilbread.  It  was  an  oaeroo*.  irkaoow,  and  oltm 
inftariiMM  iatk.  He  objected  lo  iu  principle*,  and  yet  wa*  often  called 
opon  to  pnaiac  the  valour  of  ibe  flecta  and  armirs  of  the  executive ;  and 
■t  out  tlino.  trhen  iho  ooontry  waa  conaklensi  In  ilanger,  he  niaed  and 
urvuiiied  a  balialton  of  850  volunlecn  at  Bedford. 

When  Foi  nnif  the  whig  party  eofltc  into  power  in  1806,  it  waa 
■■dantood  llul  Wfaitbreail  might  have  ei^ywl  a  high  appoioimenti 
but,  m  bu  raaHdetrd  iliat  a  n-H  in  the  legialature  ought  not  to  be  uaed 
■a  a  pM*]xirt  lo  office,  and  il>nt  miy  offie<e  woold  thackte  ho  wonted  io- 
■WpendntMi  bo  eiMHented  himaoir  in  voting  with  ilic  nnnintry  on  moh 
qMMiOiw  aa  lie  ^proved.  On  cheviolenl  rvptiirc  of  the  negoiiatioBa 
aftoT  the  deci-aie  of  Pox,  we  again  And  him  pnitming  with  enet^^ 
agafawt  Ihe  pfini  i|ilr,  lhi»  e*i'i'dirney,  ami  the  juaUre  of  lim  war. 

AUml  lbi>  liiiii-  Mr  Whillira-ad,  in  lh«  aplnionof  many  of  bia  ftiendi, 
ttljf  roioBixicd  binuelf  1^  replyii^  publicly  to  ■  ctroatir  ad 


Pmma) 


■AUDBI.  VrtllTIIHEAD. 


I  £7 


ibcat  of  Sir  Froiici*  Btinlrlt  to  tlu-  i-li-irUir«  at  WeatiDiiMlirr,  of  whom 
Mr  Wbilbrciil  ua*  tme.  SjrFraiicii  nlorltsl  witK  nitrsy  on  IIk-  bu«- 
\nffi  lo  ihc  inxiiiualioiH  of  Mr  WbitWad,  wbo  oas  l«l  lo  ifriuuiul  n 
formal  exf>U'>At>ori.  Mr  Wliiibread  had  iM-en  a  member  of  the  faniouo 
•ocw*!}'  oflii^  '  Fnenif*  of  the  People'  in  1790,  and  lud  alway*  volt  J  in 
fiivour  of  parliainenlnry  relurm  ;  yel,  after  Uic  dJMOliitionof  that  ^oci^ljr, 
W  Mfvcr  made  the  dtiirc  of  parliiaiiieniary  reform  the  eliitf  te«t  of  pa- 
IriotiMn,  and  in  ihin  he  appenr*  to  ba»e  difTi'red  from  Sir  Kranei*  Bur- 
iclt,  Me.K>r*  Cdrtwright.  Cobhett,  and  n  very  numerous  party. 

Tbc  nii><:rtlnncoiii  pnrliatncntarv  faboum  of  Mr  Whllbrend  include 
neftrly  rverj-  branch  of  political  tcoamny,  and  the  detai  I  of  hi*  upeeche* 
wonkl  cimiititiito  n  luniinmia  hitlory  of  the  laii  iweniv  year*.  Ag^ninst 
ibc  alavc-tnidc.  in  nil  itx  ram  ifi  cat  ions,  he  whh  ever  nnlmaled ;  in  whst- 
trer  r^pirded  thi-  dilfiuiim  of  knowledge  and  the  ci^trtinion  of  edurntinn 
be  vai  zealoui ;  and  in  rirry  mraxurc  contirdnl  with  Ibc  mrliomti»i) 
of  ibc  eooditiuti  of  thr  pvvple,  the  rrform  of  iIh*  prnnl  law*,  and  the 
mtawftmetit  of  the  poor,  he  u-a«  active  tvtji  to  the  day  of  hix  lamcntrd 
deatli.  Few  legnlatorH  ever  eihibiied  more  pcrfict  mtelliipToen  on  «w 
many  complicated  *ubj«ets  a«  llio«re  ivhicli  were  eonaiaiitly  brought  be- 
ftirc  liim :  in  debate  bit  intellectual  vigour  veaa  irreniBiiblc,  and,  in 
vhetcvpr  Inminea*  he  engage,  hi*  deciMon  wm  lo  prompt  and  ininiove. 
able  ihni  it  tavoiirnl  of  *everlty  even  while  ita  correctneai  could  ftcldoni 
br  disputi-d.  He  diitingiiiihetl  himielf  during  tlie  ditciuaion  in  184>9, 
rrlalivc!  to  the  order*  in  coiineil.  ami  acted  in  a  very  ipirilcd  manner 
during  the  inquiry  into  the  conduct  of  the  duke  of  Vork.  Oi)  ibc 
down&ll  of  Mapolcon  be  »lrongly  cnnnirrd  (he  procivding*  of  con^reM, 
and  ciDpbntktlly  cx|)rc«M>(l  bia  iudignatioo  m  tlic  dccUralion  of  Uie 
allln  when  Bonaparte  retnmcd  from  Elba.  lie  oppoacd  a  new  war, 
and  prolcatcd  igaimt  didaling  a  govrromrnt  to  Prancv,  or  forcing  Uic 
Bourbooa  upon  the  Krenrh  propla  by  foreign  bayouMa.  On  (be  splcni- 
did  ■ncecw  of  the  liriliah  arm*  Ot  Waterloo  he  concurred  iu  a  trilniiu 
of  DilMMial  gratitude  lo  the  dake  of  ^Vdlington.  altlxiugb  ho  deelaml 
tliat  lii*  opinkraa  a«  lo  the  impolicy  and  injuitice  of  tbc  conical  ven- 
al ill  unibakrn. 

It  is  oaMTtcd  that  he  once  m  far  miatook  hi*  oirn  power*  »•>  to  ai- 
leuipt  tli«  cooipotitioD  of  an  nddrraa  tor  the  opening  of  Orury-lDOc 
ihentrc.  In  common  with  alt  tbc  other  ad(lrr«»e*  composed  fbr  Urn 
occasion  it  drm;ribcd  llic  theatre  a*  ruing  Irom  ila  aahea  like  the  Plwriiis. 
"  Bui  W  hi  I  bread,'*  Mid  Sbcridao.  in  a  party  conaiating  of  Byron,  Rogcra, 
Moarv,  and  himsc'If^  "  mode  more  of  tbe  bird  iban  cither  of  hia  riraU  t 
he  eoiervd  into  imrlicularv  about  ita  wlnga,  back,  head,  tul ;  in  alMct, 
bo  gave  us  a  iwultrrrf'*  (l4'«cripIio[i  ofa  Phu'liia." 

A  few  yean>  bt-Aue  tim  death  tie  wm  iodoced.  (lanly  from  inotim  nf 
fricaiUiip  and  partly  from  a  laite  for  the  drann,  lo  utidrriuke  to  re* 
cogolae  the  diaoa  of  lb«  Drury-lau«  property,  and  lo  rebuild  the  thealrv. 
whicJi  had  been  two  M«tou»  in  ruins.  The  frauds,  tt>i>  baacDeaa,  ami 
fbe  cfalconery  which  lie  had  to  eacouDter  and  orcrconie  in  thi*  lank. 
rcMmblctl  the  laboar  of  Hercules  in  eloonatng  ibe  A«gca»  itaMc;  yet 
li«  •uriBounted  every  difflcully.  The  gratitude  of  tba  proprietors  aiMl 
the  opplauic  of  ihe  public  were  unUmndml;  bnt  Ibc  dividends  Ml  »hoR 
of  .Mr  Wbitlm-adu  liopr*.  and  hi-  sloud  conimiiteil  lo  manr  fifnoiul 
IHeodsi  wbo  had  stoked  all  ilieir  pra|iefijr  in  tlic  cvnvcrn.     "Tbcae  cir> 


ua 


VDLITICAL  teaiM. 


(XiMn 


til  a  Biiitil  oecnptnl  wilb  oti^rvU  wliidi  einbncci]  tb«  wdfarp  of  III* 
rouMiy  Slid  tlie  daiiiijr  of  lUe  bnnuii  nee,  tii«y  wcrr  tlul  (Miliirr 
«bicli  tunird  ibe  Miale, — wnv  thai  bM  drop  wfaicU  mail«  Ike  cup  niii 
ovi-r ;  (koy  (iroduceil  an  inldlTCtiial  pktkorai  fiu  of  airoUt  divlno 
titin,  and,  &[iall<r.  deaili  I 

Tliio  tvtnt  lovk  place  o«  Tfiuraday,  July  the  &tli,  1815,  ai  liia  Iioum 
ill  DuTcr-4trrel,  Piocadilly.  On  ibe  uiii«  rveniBg  a  c^roarr'tjury  tM  on 
the  hody,  and,  alWr  Imniig  (kc evidence  of  foinc  nf  liu  uibnuU'  friiiHt^ 
feuad  a  vcrdtrt  of  (ntaoilj'.  lie  biul  tpolun  wiili  bU  uaiul  penpiiruiijr 
in  (lit  Iioum  of  ooiaiiKMi  on  TiM«daf  K^taiof,  and  iMd  IrviMclcd  buai- 
DFM  aud  cDiL-rtuDtd  hi*  friend*  on  tl>c  prrviowt  da)-  iriihout  tmy  per- 
t«pUbIr  chaop  «f  iMDnrr. 

To  rhe  tnuMMiilctK  qualitic*  of  Mr  Whiibrvad  aa  a  public  ckuacUr 
and  patriot,  it  nuy  be  added  Uial  Iw  mainlnincd  liic  coiwbtanqp  «r  fcb 
prlneiplM  io  >1l  the  rdalioo*  of  private  lilc.  Mv  bun  ofica  b««a  r^r** 
f«nlcd  a*  vTrrTp  in  rxaciinft.  frvn  all  itwiuorti-d  uitli  bira,  IIm  pcrrom- 
uic«  of  tht'ir  dalim  but  thii  wai  wilb  liini  a  priocijiJc.  Ii  «■»  lit* 
iDBKiai,  tiiat  crcry  man  in  hU  tphvn  oimlit  to  do  bii  duty  witli  MaJ  and 
liaiMuly  :  from  it>  piBClite  be  ii«rcr  rtlcuwd  liiiiuelf,  and  be  noukl  nol 
lifook  iniliflrrmcc  in  odicn.  He  utn)  tu  say,  that  i/  all  mca  pcriomirrf 
ihrir  nialitr  dutks,  half  the  evila  whicli  afflict  nocirty  would  out  nisi, 
and  thcrrJbrc  he  drcmcil  it  an  iiiijuirdoiiabU!  criint  for  a  nua  to  oMlcct 
kia  duly  or  abinc  hi*  truol-  Hcuce  alto  it  «u,  tliat  in  caae*  of  inaiTcr- 
Mioa  which  cante  within  hi*  sphtre  of  actioii.  do  coafidcnttion  of 
intnblK,  opfioNtiuo,  or  incociT«DitiBO«.  ever  d«l«iTed  litm  Tnm  M.-ekiag  to 
curnct  thi-ni :  and  ilii*  he  did  with  audi  energy  m  generally  wcuml 

■Ul-CVM. 

I'hm  i*  oar  rriaikm  in  which  Mr  Wbtlbrcad  wa*  knomi  l«  tita  put»- 
Ur,  and  tkat  waa  m  a  naii  uf  hitiii>r«9.  He  iobcriu-d  fram  hi*  TbiImt 
«iHc  of  ih*  mat*  conaUrmMc  l>rcwvri«a  in  Londou  ;  and  Dolwithriojid' 
laj{  hi*  atuutiion  tu  hi*  public  dulx'4  a*  a  nicinU-r  of  parliamaat  awl  a 
mtmguUMf.  be  never  Dff;kctcd  thi*  Irpiiaute  nud  to  him  boaoarable 
MiUfiM  of  wi-oltb.  A>  a  moil  of  principt«  in  iiJI  thing*,  ha  coiMUtit(y 
Tvaiatmi  ibc  bancrul  practice  of  |nircliwiD|,'  puUic-lxKue*  far  the  purpiMP 
of  IbrHag  upon  the  town  aii  inferior  and  dtfctcrioua  Goaudwliiy.  ImI 
tlcpeiHkd  oa  the  lair  danaaiJ  of  lh<-  pwlilic  aod  the  bc«  agrney  of  hi> 
matonan. 

The  cfcaflKlv  »r  lUa  grcai  nan  wa*  aKpraaanl  in  vcty  afiprofiriMe 
and  elegant  tnm*  by  lJi«  editor  of  the  '  Morning  Cbrwide  OT  iht 
tla*  fcHuwiag  thai  of  Mr  W'hitbn-ad'*  duath.  "  I'kp  de*ih  of  •  paift> 
m, '  cay*  lir,  "  *o  ilcady,  intrepid,  and  Miloa*,  in  lU  cMMe  of  hb 
cMMUilfjr  and  «f  hunaii  rircdoin,  will  be  toog,  de«ft),  and  uuiTertaDy 
deplored,  lie  loa*  of  Mr  Whitlmwl  in  (Iw  Bhti^  parliaaivnt  ia  ( 
loa*  to  the  drilixcd  worid ;  M,  tike  iJic  i-x«llcd  model  of  im  cwaalMt 
M  a  eoBAlor,  Mr  l-'vi,  lt«  wee  iIh:  rotwUni,  abte,  and  diuutcnatad  ad- 
vocate of  J  iMlioe,  freedom,  and  bumanily,  wbcrnvi-r  and  l>y  vlMinMucvir 
■anilrd.  No  mnn  wbo  had  a  cUiui  on  ihi.-  vtrtnou*  fur  |Mrolr<-iian  <vre 
M^ied  to  him  in  vain.  He  WM  the  earaoit  and  iodrfatt^Uw  (iH-nd  of 
liw  opperM^d.  and  in  the  prawculion  iif  ju*tioe  ««•  iliiiuayn)  by  ao 
cDailHutiua  of  power,  clamour,  or  i-nluaui),— wiarii-d  utii  by  no  dift- 
eulika,  aad  cjibaiulcd   lij  no  fatifmr.     Ia  all  bw  rarilMM*,  ilia  oaU 


I'iKIO*.) 


lASPBL  tTHTTBRKAS. 


150 


rrcnluro  wliotr  inl(>rMtii  hv  <li<J  not  ooriMilt  i>er>- tiia  nirii ;  Tor,  of  all 
publir  cltarartrts,  wc  *liatild  point  Mr  Whitbrrwl  out  m  thr  indiridual 
who  hnil  the  Iriul  coniiijcntwii  for  liinwHf,  ami  wlio  nkt  lh«  Irast  sctu< 
ntrd  by  ])(TiHMial  inntivr*.  H'a  hrart  and  miixl  yrrc  «Iii>tly  ilftvn4Ml  ta 
ihr  mDrliorationnf  (he  *taU)  oftociety,  to  tbe  imuati^uoiicm  of  tli«  ligtiu 
uhicli  our  fuivfaifam  anjuirrd,  bdiI  to  the  couiisuDieatkin  of  tbon 
MtMJimii  to  a(bi<«s  which  wi-  ourvplvm  cnjaj'.  Hit  views  werv  mil  pab- 
tto.  He  CQuld  iHit  be  din-rtnl  from  the  tif-itt  [Utii  by  any  >|)ecj<s  of 
inftueneiv  for  he  wu  iallcrxible  nlike  to  ftittt«ry  uid  to  ourniixiun.  Hn 
■BTtimtily  ubji-«ted  to  that  ayitein  by  whieh  the  bunlent  of  <irp«t 
Brttaiii  have  been  to  dmdMly  accumulated,  beeause  lie  believed  that 
Ike  o(j«ct  of  the  league  of  «o*crd|ni>  *m  man  W  tvMrain  the  riitng 
•fritit  of  «  Just  bberiy.  tliui  to  wllliatanti  th»  innitlaie  anibitioo  of  x 
riagte  (aditlthni :  mhI  Ua  JvMiAcation  in  this  MKitweiil  w*«  the  proot 
ttni  they  MTiT lidberHl  In  Mevem  to  tiM-  profcwiona  with  ahlch  Ihcy 
m4  out  in  admvlly.  He  wm  ihe  nann,  libetal,  a*d  entkiMiaalio  eii- 
moragcr  of  cntvenail  education,  ffmn  lh«  piiiv  l^ing  of  bonevolencA 
(hM  actinted  all  hn  lify.  He  waa  coimncrd  ihnt  lo  enlighteti  the  na- 
tional  mind,  and  to  make  a  pcopi*  lanilltar  with  the  H»1y  ScTiptum, 
irna  lo  nuke  them  tirtm^.  nwiraL  amt  hnjipy.  He  wiu  no  bigot  io  (bims 
of  wonbijs  and  therefore  wai  friendly  lu  thoie  in^tatiocis,  tlw  otijeet 
of  Whieli  w  to  inatnicl  ibe  youn;;  mind  in  tbe  precepts  of  Christianity, 
fteeontinfr  to  Oie  tenets  which  the  tnatnre  judgment  or  predileotimi  of 
tite  paimt  inigtit  wish  to  iaqirinl  on  tfcs  (UM.  In  his  friendshtps  nn 
MUi  went  greater  length*,  or  wt»  more  ready  to  «acrifiee  time,  ease, 
■imI  nwlbrt,  than  hlmaelf.  Tbj*  woj*  oonspiciouUy  ehown  in  the  ardii- 
Ma  onitcilakinK  of  the  re-«iUbli>liment  of  Urury.tnne  theatre,  wbicli 
wilt  cTcr  mDnin  a  monuiaeDl  of  bis  disinteTesit.-d  Ubniir  and  pencret* 
MM,  as  well  PS  of  the  bigb  conlid«nc«  which  was  rejKMod  in  hi*  pow<er 
and  intetcrity  by  the  pubbe ;  li>r  lo  hb  exertions,  tu  hi*  ebaroetcr,  and 
lo  hii  iariocible  constaiiey  alone,  ore  tlut  public  iadelned  for  the  restor- 
Mion  of  that  eilifice ;  and  it  is  a  nirioorable  trait  in  his  ebtiracier,  tlial, 
hftTinf  the  whole  |)stroMige  in  lii*  hand,  dim  ocie  person,  mate  or  female, 
employed  In  Uie  eatibUiliinent,  oaed  their  appoinuacnl  lo  any  penoiial 
depmoence  ob  hlmaelf  or  oonNeeHon  with  hit  fluHHy.  Imt  la  ereiy  in- 
■tatice  he  aelected  the  lltleat  ol^Mii  thnt  ptvMiiWd  Ammiwt  Ibir  thm 
■ItiMtkm  ibu  tbey  gained.  We  ftar  thai,  to  th*  dally  and  hourly  fii> 
tlguei^  nayi  we  may  aay,  the  pcrveonlioii  that  he  endured  in  ihii  greal 
work,  thrOHgb  th«  peliilnim,  tli4i  catKiU.  luid  the  torment  of  eootnny 
InWwtta,  We  mnat  ■ttribuU'  the  doeline  of  hi*  brnltb,  and  the  luddai 
termination  of  o  life  i>o  denr  to  the  pubNo.  The  ineeuanl  nnnoyanee 
ptryed  on  hi*  nitnd.  and  Mrrngtbrned  tbc  attseki  of  a  pklbiwic  bsbil 
of  body,  wtiirb  llirenlenrd  npoph-xy.  For  some  m-fki  ptM  be  had  breii 
aBliM*^)  with  enoMant  brmlarl^,  and  his  pbysieions  bod  adviieil  him  to 
abetalD  from  alt  emtlioa,  tvm  tlNit  of  sprnking  in  parliamciil.  No  man 
was  more  teiiipeiMo  in  hi*  mode  of  living.  He  wai  bajipy  in  bid  do* 
■iMtk  Meift;, — ntrroiinded  by  an  mniabtc  and  aceomplishiMl  hmtly,— 
and  in  tbo  powcMioin  of  all  that  forthvdL-  whieh  the  eomciouneas  of  lb« 
bontst  di(ch«rge  of  crcnr  doty,  puMic  and  private,  could  bestow.  No 
man  will  br  more  aensibly  nlmed  by  the  people  a*  one  of  tbelr  r«pre> 
aentaiivv-*.  for  no  man  was  more  vif;ilant,  more  undaunted,  more  Eiilli- 
(bl  ill  watebtni:  ovi-r  their  Nlereot*,  nor  more  ardent  in  oaxning  ibrir 


180 


POLITICAL  SBXin. 


[Kin-a 


righl*.  Hi'  tiod  ll»e  good  ukl  EiiglifLli  rliaractcr  of  nfwnnos  anil  tia- 
ivrily.  Ill-  r^llrd  thing*  by  llicir  rigUt  mnic^  nnd  bb  drtatatHXi  of 
fvrry  lliing  in  (be  nature  or  a  job  made  liim  lb«  krnir  oT  dctinqaenU. 
His  ilcnlh  will  be  a  uoireraal  iource  of  wrrow  to  tlie  counti;.  ukI  now 
ihM  courlicn  are  releftted  from  ht*  cuti^itian,  ctcn  tbey  will  ilo  juticfl 
to  bis  lalcDU  and  inie^ity." 

la  tli«  Ituuac  or  cominoD*!  on  the  I  Ith,  on  ibe  occ«iion  of  moring 
tar  a  new  wiit  for  Bedford,  thr  roanpicu  of  Taviaiock,  Sir  WUb«H<>m. 
ai>d  the  chaoceUor  of  ibe  rschi-quer,  took  oecMioo  to  eiprcw  the  (a\- 
hlwing  Mnlimenta : — ilie  iuan{UMa  of  Tanitock  nid.  "  I  am  irrll 
aware  that  a  great  mnjarilj  of  tlii*  boVM  thougbt  bi«  ofMniou  crronr* 
niM ;  but  I  am  cure  tbol  ibcre  ii  not  ooie  of  hi»  political  Ofipou«oti  ttbo 
will  not  Isty  bi«  kaod  on  bb  hrart,  and  tay  ilial  bu  al«av>  found  in  liim 
a  manly  nntngonlit.  AccuftnniMt  to  dcieod  bi*  optnioiH  willt 
nnu  mid  warmlh,  the  rncrgira  of  bit  adtninUa  Hid  OOOpralWMlr* 
luiml  Bould  nt-vrr  'pvmiit  tbc  Icaot  approadi  to  (ammna  or  iodif* 
knaw.  But  iio  prticle  of  aniuosilj  ever  found  ■  place  in  bit 
brtnit;  and,  to  uw  liis  Ann  words  on  another  meluicliQljr  occflaion, 
*  be  nrvrr  tarriud  lii*  pulitical  eumiiy  beyood  ibr  thnsbntil  o(  bti  own 
lioutc.'  To  tbuie.  Sir,  who  were  nwrs  immcduiirtr  avquaintcd  wUlt 
bi*  exHlt4:il  cliataiiier, — «ha  knew  ih«  dircctmsc  of  hii  miud.  bi*  smI 
for  Irulb.  bb  unabakea  Iot*  of  hb  cosntry, — tbc  ardotif  and  bolilnaa , 
of  bia  diqHMitioiii  incapable  of  dbotay, — bb  unailrcted  bumuiiy,  tnd  , 
bw  OtiMr  nrioiH  tnd  cxeelletit  qnalitit*.  bb  \aua  b  irreparable.  Hii 
ckiqveflt  appcmb  in  thb  bouM  in  (atnur  of  ibr  nuriiiliiinti .  *|i[Wh 
clbiUliDg  I'lc  rruukam  and  liunrdy  of  Ibc  Ime  Eogliab  chanrlcr.^ 
■lU  adorn  tbc  pages  of  tlw  bbtorian.  alibonjih.  at  tbc  prrMiit  nioii>i>ui« 
ibry  afford  a  Milled  of  nn-lanclialy  rvtrosprct  to  Ihow  wbo  Imic  for- 
ncriy  dwdt  with  drligbt  on  lliv  b«iic<rolence  uf  brort  wbich  alwaya 
Itnt,  and  on  ibo  vigour  of  an  inlolkci  whidt  ww  alw*y«  mpluyMl  tor 
Ibe  bcnrfil  of  hU  fi'llow-rnMurw," 

Mr  Wilbrrbrcc  wbbcd  to  itdd  bb  iMiinKmy  to  tbc  rx«vllmt  quoit* 
lie*  of  tbc  lunrntrd  indifidual  who»o  deaib  bad  n-nilpn-d  tJi*'  pr«M!nt 
tnotioa  Decenary;  and,  in  doing  *o,  be  could  niih  trutb  liocUrc  llut 
Im  was  only  one  of  niuiy  tbouMUcb,  ricb  u  well  ■•  pooTt  by  wIiobi  hi* 

■  liaractcr  bod  been  ntott  bigbly  MtiiMtad.     Well  bid  it  Men  tensed  J 
by  the  noble  marqacM,  '■«  truly  Englidi  cbancler."     Etco  it*  dcfcda, 
Iriftian  na  Ibry  wcrr.  anil  wbnt  cboracter  «»*  altogether  witboHt  d»* 
fi'ct«?  were  iImm  wbieb  bckmged  to  llcr  Koglith  cfaarartcr-     Never  ha 
ilicre  eiisii-d  a  more  complete  EngliiJinwo.     Alt  who  know  htm  mnat) 
i««o(l*i:t  (bu  inilefiitigaUe  cnnMslncM  and  pencvcnnc*'  vitb  wbicb,  dap>J 
iug  bb  life,  be  directed  liii  lolenia  and  tbc  whole  of  bb  time  to  Ik^J 
public  inlrmt;  and  altbougb  be,  Mr  W.,  differed  from  bin  on 
ucca>ion*,  yvt  be  alwaj'*  did  full  juMice  to  lib  public  spirit  and  I 
bu  coBotry.     For  liiniwlf.  bo  coiiM  iM*«r  forget  tbc  important ' 
BiKc  wkKD  he  driived  from  bb  ic«l  and  ability  in  the  prtat  eauae  wUdi  i 
br  bnd  to  loDf  advocated  in  tfaat  hoiwo.     On  every  occwioo,  iiMlr^il,  iit 

■  bicfa  (be  condition  of  buBian  being*  wai  coiicenwil— «nd  ilic  lower  ibcir 
>t*ie  ilip  *iro<igvr  tbcir  rtcoouBcndalion  (o  b»  favour— no  woe  waa  aiccw 
luiiwn*  lA  apply  hi*  grt»t  |)owen  10  tncnraK  the  liap^nea*  at  manUn^-, 

Tki-  rh«nc«llor  of  lb*  excbeqiier  aaid,  "  tliat  it  mutt  br  M«»a  i 
tioR  lu  ih«  imbk  narqncM  aad  iba  vliok  bu«iM-,  to  feci  that  vbUcrc 


IH»ioii.] 


•]■  SAMuei.  iioou. 


If 


dUTcrrncc  »f  opinion  might  rxitt  oa  |ioU(ictil  qu^Hions,  lltere  wu  ao 
one  who  iliil  nu(  ilo  jusliM  U  the  virtue*  and  talents  or  (he  object  uf 
th«ir  rv);rei,  or  who,  for  a  iDonifDli  supposed  that  he  was  acluateJ  by 
anjr  other  motive  than  a  conTlction  of  public  duty." 

P»ffaaps  the  scTt-ral  jiartje*  id  tbc  houiw  or  commont  never  uoltcd 
mora  cordidly  Jn  expmuoos  ofMiirow  for  tbo  Iom  of  a  ni«'inbcr.  But 
it  tliould  b«  rvcolfecird  that  Afr  Whitbnuid  wai  one  of  ihi?  last  surviv* 
in;;.  In  life  or  in  political  coniirtt-ncy,  nf  that  grvnt  tcliool  of  senatorial 
eluqucnoe  wliicli  ulll  lor  cvve  iraparl  lustn  to  the  a};e  of  George  ibe 
Third.  NtfTcr  was  then.-  tietorc  seen  in  the  iious*  of  comnioiiR,  or  in 
any  aM*mbly  of  nnni-ut  or  roodeni  tinin,  a  cottinpornry  ract  la  justly 
Knowned  aa  Fux,  Durke,  Gny,  Sheridan,  Whilbread,  I'iti,  Enkino, 
Wllbeifbrce,  Wiiidhaua.  and  (j»ttaa. 


0ix  #amurl  lEldotr. 

•oaMK-Ob  ITiVi.— niD  A. a.  laiA. 

SiK  Samukl  Mood  was  born  in  Kovpmhrr.  I7R2.  Ilii  grandfathtir 
wax  the  KcT.  Arlhiir  Itooil  of  Dawlish,  in  Somcnrlshinr,  unck-  of 
Lord*  lliKid  anii  Bridptnl.  Ilis  (atbir  was  Simurl  Hood,  Esq.  of 
Kui)filaiid,  ill  tlx'  parisli  of  Nirllirrby,  Durwutiirr.  HLi  elder  brotli«-r, 
Arthur,  was  uDEnttunatrty  ilroirncd  in  his  niiijcsly's  sloop,  IV>inona, 
wbieti  fouiidi'rfd  in  a  burricuic  mi  the  L««wanl  Island  itatiou  iu  1775, 
and  liti  second  brothrr.  AlcxaiMt^r,  capuin  of  the  Mara,  was  killed  on 
board  (liatshi{i,  in  ao  actron  with  I'Horcule  on  th«  SUl  April,  1798. 

About  the  age  of  fnuneen  bit  commenced  bia  n&uticnl  cnrecr,  in  the 
uanal  coarse,  oa  midshipninn,  under  tbe  proleetion  of  Lord  Houd,  who 
at  that  period  comnuindcd  the  ConraKCUx.  He  Meois  to  have  abared 
in  Qii  eiiual  de);ree  the  protection  of  both  his  noble  relatives :  for  alter 
hi*  fir»t  initiaiioD,  he  removed  10  the  Robust,  then  commanded  by  Cap- 
tain Hood — Lord  Dridjiorl — when  be  rrmaitied  until  the  year  1779. 
Whilo  in  this  ship  he  nat  id  tlie  eagagemcnt  vihidi  concluded  with  the 
captarc  of  two  French  frigates,  the  Pallaa  and  tlic  Licornr,  and  in  that 
of  the  27th  of  July,  the  Mm*  year,  in  the  numerable  rngngemeiit  be- 
twixt Admiral  Ki^pel  and  ('oinpte  d'Orvillier*.  In  the  courte  ot  tbe 
MlowinK  year  be  was  removed  into  the  (loop  Lively;  and  in  1780  ha 
wu  iit  ihul  veswl  at  the  capture  of  Iu  UucbcMC  de  Chartrcc,  a  Freneh 
p«f*M«er,  which  surrendered  after  u  short  aotiOB  in  the  biilish  rhannel. 

At  iho  Utter  end  of  the  year  I7H0,  Lord  Houd,  havinft  hoi>led  n 
mr-adnlral'a  Sag  on  board  of  the  Barflcur,  woa  accompanied  to  the 
W«t  IfKliaa  b  UhU  okip  by  kb  young  proteg^  who  lernd  under  hlia 
a*  acting  liculenmt  and  lieutenant  from  the  tnoath  of  October,  17S0, 
until  the  31it  of  January.  1782.  During  hii  aorvic*  ia  the  Barilaur, 
Lieutenant  Hood  envrlfd  hiiutelf  in  a  manner  highly  bononnble  in  tba 
•nKayimeot  with  De  (irasae, off  Maninique :  in  that  'ilT  the  Cliesapeak 
oa  t)ie  &ih  of  SrplemtKf  following  :  and  in  the  action*  between  the  two 
flerU  on  the  S.'ith  nod  Mth  of  January,  1762. 

On  the  3l*t  of  January,  176^i  live  day*  after  the  second  action  off 
Si  Kilts,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  eoinniaiider,  and  appointed  to 
tha  Keynard  aloop  by  Lord  Mvcount  Hood.    Captain  Hood'a  oofanund 

vit.  X 


in 


POLITICAL  SKKlUb 


t» 


of  tlie  RejDird  ou  rnUirr  ooruduI  (ban  real.  At  Uir  period  of  hi* 
Bominaiion  thai  rnwl  ou  lying  uaooavale«rc«nt«bip  in  the  harbour  ol 
Antigua.  Our  young  hvro.  th^rvlKirs— lia  iMd  (hm  •carcrlj'  paMcd  bk 
twenlirlh  year— dialiking  tbc  rIbIg  of  inutivity  to  wbicb  hia  eoanBand 
would  bare  coDileHuicd  bim,  cboac  lo  nrmain  a  volunteer  on  board  tbe 
Buflenr.  He  wm,  in  coD(«ntirncc,  in  tht*  Mp  in  thote  f-lortoui  af  tiunt 
«r  die  Olb  ki>d  ISth  of  April,  1762,  in  whicli  hia  tiublc  rvlalion  lO  prc- 
cmtnaitly  dulingnislied  liinuM^lH  On  ih«  I9(h  of  ili«  naate  moitih  be 
ma  abo  a  itiam-  in  tb«  glory  derived  frofo  the  capture  of  tli*  Frmch 
•qvadroB,  oaofuting  of  le  Jaaoa.  le  Cotoa,  rAinaUe,  and  U  Cm*. 
TkiM  VM  tiM  lot  cogtgMBeot »  wbkh  Cnntaia  Hood  had  a  ahare  dur- 
ing tli«  war.  Wlwo  tbc  prrliniiuirics  of  prncr  im«  li^iiFd,  be  em- 
braced  tbc  opporluniiy  uf  tiiiiin};  France,  wbcrv  be  continued  until  the 
year  1765. 

On  hia  return  to  Engbnd  be  mat  appointed  to  ibe  oommand  of  th* 
Wcax'l  iloop  of  war,  ia  which  be  Mlled  lo  Hallhx.  He  «>•  there  on- 
ployed  in  eurveylBg  the  oooMa  and  harboon  on  that  natioD,aiid  for  the 
1^giluc«  ood  activity  with  nhich  hr  rxtrnicd  bin  arduixi*  tub  wm 
hoooared  with  a  pott.captoin*  commiwion,  and  nppointrd  lo  Ibc  cciin- 
mand  of  Ih^  Thishf  frig.ilr.  lie  rrin«in«^  nt  Halifax  until  tbc  cloM  of 
the  yrnr  17^9,  »hrn  tbr  'lliisbc  won  ordi'ml  to  l-'ngland  to  be  paid  off. 
In  the  month  of  May,  1790,  hi^  wnji  nppolnlnl  In  llir  catnnund  of  the 
Jdod  fr%«te,  in  nhirti  he  proctrdrd  to  Jiunntca.  WbiUt  on  thi*  alft- 
tloo  he  had,  at  the  brgiinuiitg  of  February  the  foUewing  year,  the  bap- 
pinew  of  •aviog  the  live*  of  il>r«e  (liipwrvcked  aallor*.  Hi*  ship  WM 
■ben  lying  in  St  Anvr'a  barlioar :  and,  in  the  hcqtht  of  a  gale  of  wiimI^ 
whM?h  iocrcoaHl  to  an  alwotuie  liurrinnc,  ■  wrtek  <nu  diwrrwd  Hnmh 
the  ma*(-hrad,  with  three  men  upon  it,  over  obom  the  wave*  brofce  with 
Kuch  unremitting  vKitcf>cc  that  it  wna  >u]ii|Ki««d  >careely  poiaihle  lo  res- 
cue llKm  fruai  (bcir  drvAdful  >iiaation.  I'bc  Jnno'a  colter  and  launch 
had  been  pfevioody  d««patehcd  to  tbc  anutanee  of  a  veadel  in  the  ot- 
flog,  M  thai  CaptBiD  Hood  had  nothing  but  hii  own  baigc  with  which 
10  attempt  the  pceaervatioo  of  hia  fellow -crcaiurta.  From  the  extreme 
apparent  danger  of  those  n>en,  the  crvw  evineed  (be  grvalevt  rvluctanoe 
M  deaocnd  into  the  barg^  until  Captaia  Hood  undaoDtedty  leaped  Id. 
adslmiDg,  "  I  never  gaec  to  order  le  a  iwlor  m  oay  lUe  which  I  ww 
noi  ftiady  to  undertake  end  execule  enyaelf!'  The  barge  then  pnahcd 
off)  and,  tbroiigli  the  nwat  drierained  prmevetnnoe,  he  bad  (he  iuffi* 
Beat  of  •neeceding  in  bi*  i^llant  and  mpritofiou*  rlfurt-  So  tlroDg^ 
WM  the  govemnirut  of  Jamuic-a  iropmsrd  wilh  the  trtne  of  the  hunUB 
and  geoeroui  emiduet  of  Captain  Hood,  that  they  viMhI  a  huadfed 
gnineaa  for  the  purthaae  of  a  eword  aa  a  token  of  their  apptobotiOB, 
whloh,  aoon  after  faia  rctora  to  EDf;taBd  in  1791,  waa  preeentrd  to  bin, 
BWOmpanied  by  a  very  elefiaut  letter.  He  baid  alao,  previoo*  lo  bia 
•ailing,  rvceJteds  letter  of  thankt  froin  die  huoiai)«  »uc)e(y  of  Jamaica. 

At  (he  cooMineeBenl  of  (lut  war  in  1793,  Capuiu  Houd  waa  or- 
derrij  In  tJif  Mcdiirrmiirao  ia  bii  (brtncr  alilp  the  Juno,  and  wa*  diere 
veiy  Bclivrty  iim]>)oye<l. 

In  the  nMOth  of  Deeeabcr,  1798,  Lord  Hood  feond  it  oeeK-Mary  (o 
•encBate  Toalon:  in  conaeqoMKw,  be  proceeded  with  bb  flevt  to  llierea 
fc*?!  there  to  wait  iko  arrival  of  a  convoy  of  tnntporls  and  viclualbra 
mn  UiUaltar.     Babre  Ibia,  however.  Capuiii   Hood  h*d  beeB  daa- 


PUNB-I 


SIR  SAMUEL  HOOD. 


168 


intchptl  to  MilLi,  anit,  on  hi(  return,  being  wliolly  unacquainted  villi 
the  cvrnis  that  fand  occurred  during  hii  aWncr.  Iiv  Ktood  into  Ihc  bar- 
iMur  of  Tiiulon.  He  bad  already  reacliml  the  inner  rood  when  bi*  vei* 
td  tirack  upon  a  iboal,  from  irhioh  (lie  hod  not  got  quite  clear.  wboB 
abe  was  bonnkd  by  u  boat's  cruw  from  (he  »liorr,  who,  fevouring  tbv 
deliuion  under  which  Ibe  coniniaiuler  luboantd,  ciiilfaroarFd  (o  decoy 
hjni  to  nnotber  part  uf  tbt-  liarbour  whi-rv  bio  frigaie  tiii);h(  luorv  «aiily 
be  secured.  A  midshipinan.  bowev«r,  perceiring  ibeir  oatioaal  cock- 
iiAot,  imaiedialely  gare  tbe  alarm ;  and  Ihe  danger  of  tbeir  poailion  b^ 
ootning  evident.  Hood  and  hi*  erew  forced  the  FrvDeh  belov,  and  tak< 
ing  advnntago  of  *  farourabi?  bnne,  with  much  diiliculty  got  the  fri- 
gate nflant.  Sh«  van  scarcely  under  «nil,  when  a  brig-of-war  and  mv- 
eral  baltrric*  opcnri)  n  firti  ujran  bcr ;  in  ipite  of  wbich,  hovcvvr,  iht 
tucMvitcd  in  ntcnping  from  ibe  harbour. 

In  F(>bmary.  )7S)4,  iro  find  Captuin  Ilood  nctively  and  arduously 
employed  in  ibi!  ulUck  of  Cursica,  wliure  he  again  particularly  diatin- 
guitfacd  hiuucif,  and  bud  llu.'  honour  of  receiving  tbe  thank*  of  Oie 
ComiMiidcr-ia-chief  for  hia  unportant  servioea.  vbieli  were  mpcatid 
■Aar  tbe  blockade  and  captere  of  Calvt,  M  whidi  lime  lie  cointuandrd 
I'Atgle  IV^te.  In  Ihia  Tr«el  br  conlinued  until  tlic  year  1796,  and 
daring  tbe  whole  of  179a  had  tlic  commani)  of  a  unioll  nqiiadroo  in  the 
Arcliiprla);o  fur  the  purpose  of  proleclitig  the  trade,  and  blockading  « 
iiquaijrou  of  the  t-uciny's  fngales  of  p(|ual  force  at  SnyrDO. 

la  tbe  IBOnlh  of  April,  1796,  Cipluro  Houd  wan  appuinled  (o  tho 
CODUUand  of  the  ZealouD,  of  74  gun*,  in  which  ship  he  wan,  during  that 
year,  ni<wl  actively  employed  under  Sir  John  Jervti',  olF  Toulon,  and, 
in  1707,  off  Cadiz.  In  the  mmmer  of  the  your  I797h<-«u  with  LonI 
Nclaon  at  Teuenffe  when  hi*  lordship  liad  the  roisfurtune  to  loie  hi* 
arm,  and  by  Lia  spirited  and  judicious  conduct  m  e^cting  the  return 
of  tlM^  Briiiih  troops  and  feianien  from  their  diaaatrou*  attack,  be  had 
the  satisfaction  of  endearing  himself  to  ibat  hero.  In  1798  CapUin 
Hood  waa  employed  in  bloeks'ling  Ibc  port  of  Rochfort,  where,  wbik 
be  was  waiting  to  be  relievetl  by  Captain  Keats,  be  most  succeaafnlly 
counteracted  the  design  of  the  enemy  to  eccape.  Immcilialely  after 
(^nptaiii  t^lood,  in  the  ZcaIoih,  with  Sir  Thomo*  Troubtidge  in  ibc  Cul- 
Imlon.  and  nine  other  ahipt,  «w  dnpoUhed  to  naatont  the  squadron 
«f  Lord  NeUoB. 

On  tbo  memorablo  l*t  of  August,  1798,  having  the  look-out,  he  first 
dineovcml  the  French  ftect  in  the  bay  of  Aboukir.  l-'gr  his  heroism  on 
that  iaiporiant  and  glorious  day,  he  was  honoured  wiili  tlie  tlianks  of 
partiamrnl,  ami  abo  jireM'nied  wiih  n  sword  by  the  city  of  London. 

Alter  the  vieloty  of  ALoukir.  Lord  Nilson  proceeded  to  Nap1ee,aBd 
left  Captain  Hood  the  comouod  of  tbe  squadron  on  the  ouost  of  Egypt. 
While  on  this  station,  he  nut  only  kept  the  port  of  Akxaiitlria  oloeoly 
bloek«M,  bat  took  and  tI«ttroycd  upward*  of  thirty  of  the  nenlrol 
tnnspotts  which  bod  carried  llie  enemy 'n  IrootH  (o  Kgypt.  and  as  an  hon> 
ornry  reward  for  (beae  aervtcea,  was  pr««euted  by  llic  (irand  .Signior  with 
a  snuR-box  set  with  diamonds.  In  l-'ebruary,  1790,  he  joined  Lonl 
Kdwn  at  P&lervio,  and  auisted  in  roducing  hi*  Sicilian  majesty '•  »ub> 
ject*  lo  obedMDCCi  and  driving  the  Frrach  out  of  Naples.  He  wa* 
■ftennsrdi  employed  on  shore  in  taking  diarge  of  Castel-Nuovo.  He 
kept  llw  city  perlrclly  quiet  during  the  siege  of  St  tUno  and  of  Capua, 


m 


rvLiTKAt  Mmn& 


fATV 


wmO  Um  period  of  their  mlacikio.    Tbe  Icing  MkiKHriedffd  Ae 
Wee*  bf  pnaturing  him  iriUi  a  Biiuff-bot  caridhcd  vkh  MiBMti4ii  i 
at  Ibc  Kune  tini<-  coofSrmog  on  him  tbe  rank  of  cixinMiwtir  of  tbe 
ilrr  of  Ki  Frrdinaiid  a»i  of  Merit,  «hicli  rank  wu  coofiraMd  b^ 
Britith  majsty. 

The  Zcaloin  vas  pud  off  in  ihe  mootli  of  Ma;.  1800,  and  Sir  Smh^ 
ucl  Hood  waa  apfmlntcd  to  tbe  C«ur«geux.  of  74  gaoa,  in  akick 
wB«  for  aOHie  time  actiTrlj  emplojrd  in  ibi!  diwuMi  fleft.     Tkw  i 
■ft«rwarda  formed  part  of  a  detached  aqnadraa  al  Frtrol  and  Vtg 
vntil  JaDDBt;,  ISOl,  at  «rbich  period  he  mu  remored  into  the  VeD 
able,  abo  or74  guita-     In  April  he  e«carlcd  a  Beet  of  Indiamro  I 
Ihe  Cape  de  Verde*.     On  bii  return  tie  joined  Sir  Jane*  Sanmarea  oC-^ 
Cadii,  and  after  makin|;  icTcnl  capture*  on  that  atatiun,  waa  in  tke 
aclioo  off  A^Mirai,  itbicli  did  not  lefaiinale  with  thai  ancccaa  wkickj 
both  ihc  plan  and  eieeutioM  dc«erred.      However,  Sir  Jam 
keorint;  that  il>«  French  admiral,  Liaoia,  bad  been  rejnlbteed  wbb 
Spanuli  Mjoadroo  of  Sve  tail  of  tke  line,  determined,  notvttfa 
lh«  crippled  Mate  of  bit  own  abipe,  to  punuc  and  aitacfc  tbe  eni>m]r. 
gbriotia  nctorjr,  ■□  which  Sir  Samuel  Hood  had  tba  honoar  ol  bearia 
St  diatinguiibrd  part,  «a»  tlie  eooxequctice.     In  th!>  victory  the  Vcner 
able  had  30  killed,  and  100  woandc<L     On  lii>  nn-ival  at  (iibndur,  SlT^ 
Saniiie]  HomI,  in  common  u-jlh  the  other  captaioi  of  the  Beel.  received 
the  tlianlu  of  the  admiral.      1  [c  hod  afterward  the  laliibction  of  receiv- 
ing tbe  panif^uUr  thinlLiof  tlic  Mlmimll)'  ■■  addilMMi  to  (be  general  votpj 
of  ikanLi  tmm  ynuUmsittit  for  liia  great  and  extraotdinar}-  exertion*. 

He  rclumtd  lo  Eni^tand  in  ihe  month  of  Novrtnlirr,  IBOI  ;  am),  on 
Ibe  ti^naturc  of  ibr  jiriliaiinarie*  of  peace,  lii*  abip  ibc  Vcueralilr  voa 
paid  off.  Hit  H-rvicr«  were^  howcTcr,  too  valuable  and  impononl  for 
klm  to  be  prrniiiti.-d  a  long  mjojrnieiit  of  rrpoae.  In  the  month  of 
Octolici,  ISOi,  be  wa*  appcMOtcd  a  join i-coio miwionae  for  ibe  goieru- 
nmt  of  ibc  itland  of  Trinidad ;  and,  on  lli«  dmb  of  ftfor-ndaiiral 
ToUjTt  MaBandtT-in-chicf  on  the  Uarb*doca  and  Lerward  Island  rtn- 
lion. 

Al  ibe  eommencement  of  tbe  latv  war,  Sir  Samuel  Hood,  in  conjiuio- 
lion  with  General  Urinlirttl,  rafnmander>tB>chief  of  tbe  army,  capiared 
Ike  bland*  of  St  Lada  ami  Tobago,  made  peiaoiMn  npwariu  of  1200 
of  the  enrniy'a  Iroojie,  and  toiatly  itpttrojrMi  ihetr  trade  In  that  quarter 
of  ibe  globe,  Tbry  abo,  wilbin  (lie  period  of  tlirn  mootliai  look  ihc 
Tthiabia  colonioa  of  Uetuerarm,  leaequibo,  and  llerlMce.  Eight  uKMiilia 
aflar,  Sir  Saouid  compeHed  the  Mtlb-mriil  of  Surinam  lo  >urretider,  and 
MibMqaefilty  redoeed  lb«-  itiand  of  Alarliiiiro  lo  ibd  grealett  dblr 
In  addilioci  lo  tbrte  diitinguUbcil  cjiplurea.  Kir  Samuel  Hood  look 
dealrti}  rtl  a  great  nurobtr  of  the  riH'niy'i  |)rivaKvra  aud  tliipa  of  wn, 
which  ulTorilcd  the  IMMt  anplc  wcuriiy  olid  proteeliMi  lo  u«r 
Fnr  llfetr  DUBitfeiM  and  inportniil  wrvice*.  b»  iiJnjr*!}  «b>  inmil  gr*- 
CHiuily  piraaed  (o  bealow  vpon  him,  a*  ■  ditliiif;uitbmg  mark  ol  bit 
ruynl  favour,  ibr  tnrignia  orilii.-  onlcr  of  the  Balk. 

(In  tbr  arrival  of  Krar- admiral  Cuchrvne  in  tke  Weil  Indieain  IBOA, 
Rie  Saniu4'l  Hood  rrtumnl  to  England,  and  wu  tiwo  al\cr  made  a  cul* 
Mial  of  tbr  RianiHT^  Karly  in  iMMi  be  iraa  appoiiilcd  to  Ihe  Ceiilanr, 
oinl  |4acrtl  under  Ibr  urden  of  Earl  S«  ViU(«nt.  wbo  gavr  linn 
nwinund  of  tewn  aail  of  tke  lioe  and  towo  unaller  nwrU,  and 


Fnlob.) 


nlCitARD  BRtMebBT  ■HeRtDA)'- 


l«S 


puMl  him  to  ft'stch  (lie  moiram  of  thv  eoenif  iff  Itciclifurt.  On  tliti 
itiurnitii;  of  tlic  25tli  of  ScpininhFr  hr  liad,  aftrr  four  moatlm*  ptrnrrirr- 
aiiCL*  in  thi*  (cn-icr,  thn  gonit  ronutio  to  f^It  in  with  n  otfuadron  of  ihc! 
eoemy,  «ni»i»lin|i  of  five  large  IriKaln  and  Iwo  corvetlw  full  of  troops. 
In  [be  ACliou  llut  cn-ioril.  Sir  Saiuoirl  nat  WT^n-ty  wounded,  nod  was 
•flerwBrdf  under  tlic  nn^i^uiily  uf  sutTi-ring;  hit  ri;;ht  »rm  to  be  anipii- 
Ittled.  He  HocMded.  however,  in  laLiiig  four  of  (he  frigates  all  *<^ 
fiiui  Khip*,  om  of  which  bure  lli«  French  commodore'*  pontUnt.  Tor 
hii  coiuluct  on  this  occanion,  and  in  considera6on  of  hit  rormrr  i>rrvirr'. 
Uid  uf  the  irrcnt  lou  of  hit  arm.  hi*  majetty  VM  gnicioi»Ijr  plmicd  to 
grant  liim  a  firntion  of  £&(iD  pi>r  Bimum. 

At  tJie  general  rlectloHf  IBO(i,  Sir  Saninvl  Mood*  prorentional  irr- 
TiOM  bariuR  jininnl  liini  a  ju>t  portion  of  n-ell-rstmcil  popuUrity,  he 
had  tbe  lionour  lo  b«  rotunitsl  one  of  the  rrprcMPtaiiTcs  in  parliament 
for  the  dty  of  Wvstntuister.  Tlirouf-houl  thi:  fiftouu  daj-s'  pull  be  muia- 
lained  a  decided  miperiorily  of  nuintiers,  ajid  at  the  laat  found  (he  lioo- 
oar,  which  hi*  colleague  termed  a  popular  peerage,  coofcrred  oii  liim 
by  the  vote*  of  6478  of  hi*  (rilow-ciiiieos. 

In  1H07,  during  vhich  year  he  inu  cloctcNl  for  BriHporl.  h«  coiB- 
nandcd  tlw  naval  part  of  the  annaraimt  «k'>''"'  Mndcira  ;  nnti,  early  in 
lS06i  received  tbe  tliuiks  of  p^rlianirnt  fur  Ills  serriccs.  He  wiu  next 
enployed  In  hii  oJil  thip,  the  Centaur,  vitli  Captain  Martin,  in  the 
lB^>laMble,  10  asiiM  (he  Siredea  against  llie  Rtissiant,  from  nhom  ho 
weceeded  in  laktng  a  «evea(y-rour-|;nn  ship;  and,  but  for  (Ii«  alow 
•ailing  of  kt*  allies,  would  have  ninil'<  more  important  captures.  In 
1908  be  oommsnried  the  Mjuodron  in  n  liieh  (tif  liriliih  (mop*  enib«r)>ed 
It  Cornmia.  sIhtc  be  displnynl  to  much  u-a1  and  abililr,  that,  early  in 
tlia  next  year  bo  was  liooourcd  with  the  ihnnks  of  parliament,  made 
rear-admiral  of  tbe  While,  and  cTcsted  a  baronet,  wrib  reoiainder  to  hi* 
ncpliew.  In  1810  he  l>eennip  r«sr'aijiniral  of  the  Ited,  and,  in  the  fol- 
lowing jear,  procertletl  tn  take  the  chief  command  in  the  lvo"t  Indies. 
In  18 1:!  he  was  madra  bnight-commnndrr,  luid  tliortlv  before  hi*  drat b, 
which  took  place  00  the  Sltb  of  Ocecmbcr,  lt)l5,  a  knight  grand-crpss 
of  tbe  Batli. 


BU^rli  Bitiislri;  ^^ttitian. 

■a«N  A.  ■.  I7AI. — ons  a.  n.  I8IA. 

fticnAKD  Brinilrv  Sheridax  waabor&in  Dublin,  In  (he  month  of 
September,  l?&l.  Hih  fniher  and  gnuulfaihrr  were  liulh  meo  of  liic. 
mry  reputation,  ili*  mother  aUnnai  an  authoreu,  and  amunipit  oIlM-r 
piuductiont  of  her  pen,  wrnrr  a  comedy  called  *  The  Diseuvrry,'  wbivli 
(ioirioli  pronounced  to  be  a  clicf  d'a-uvrr  in  its  line. 

At  the  ag«  of  seven,  Hichnril  was,  with  his  elder  brother  Cliarfes, 
pUi:nl  Duder  the  tuition  of  Mr  iJnmucl  Whytr,  a  wvlMtnown  and  highly 
r«a|n-ciah!e  icuclK-r.  "  It  may  be  cuniolinf;."  »aj>  Mr  Moore.  "  lo  po- 
rcnt*  alio  ore  in  tbe  lint  crisis  of  iiopatieoce  at  tbe  *orl  of  liopeleM 
stupidity  wfai<-h  Mtnic  children  oablbit,  lo  know  (bat  the  dawo  of  ttlirr- 
idau'*  intellect  wu*  as  dull  and  unpromising  a*  its  meridian  day  WM 
bright ;  mill  tbat  in  tbe  year  175l>,  lu>  who  in  lets  Uian  thirty  yean' 


IflB 


rOLITICAL  •EBIU. 


(M«ni 


■fterwafiK  hM  Mmio  endMincd  by  bis  clotjueDW  and  todicae 
daitad  bj  bb  wM,  wm.  by  conmofi  coiievut  boih  of  p«rvnts  •nd  |ira>J 
oepur,  proDouiioed  lo  be  'a  noM  iopenettsbk  dunee.'"  In  Ot*  year 
1762  Kickard  wu  lenl  la  Harrow,  where  be  little  diatingaiabed  btn»- 
•tir,  ahhniigh  lie  MVtns  to  bavo  pcreaaded  Hott.  who  wu  tlMt  ttmr  nnit 
of  tbo  Dtltrrs,  that  he  really  knew  a  good  drnl,  and  I'aJT  affimw  ihst 
both  bn  and  tii«  h«ad-aiaM«',  Dr  Sumner,  di-<coTrrnI  blcnU  in  Ibe 
boy  which  tH^iriier  oftbcm  could  bring  into  aclioa  while  he  rcmaiiwd 
II  ichoolboy.  Hit  fotlicr,  tmlortuiiiilcly,  cuuld  nut  afford  lo  aend  hii 
to  thv  univi.-nit)-,  and  he  nfipcani  to  have  trilk-d  away  tervral  yeara^ 
after  iMving  Harrow  in  tlmr  idlenefs,  if  we  accept  a  few  deMillorj 
f  Iforti  at  coBipoution  both  iit  prote  and  verae,  of  itktch  Mr  Moore  boa 
preaerred  a  few  apMUlMliB  in  hi*  iotcnatuig  biography. 

Wbilc  ooly  on  Ibe  vor^  of  nnnhood,  Sbaridan  conceived  a  patak 
ht  Miw  Liolcy,  iho  far-fiiined  '  Maid  of  Both,'  who  •'  appcan  tu  bav 
•prwd  her  gentle  conqucct*  lo  an  extent  almoM  uoparalleted  in  ibe  ai»>' 
iials  of  beauty."      Me  hod  numrroui  nvala,  andamoitgat  othcn  hi*  ctdor 
brother,  Cbnrla,  and  his  earliest  and  roost  intimate  frirnd  Halhed,  th<^ 
atudying  at  Oxfonl ;  but  he  soon  triatuplied  over  Ihtnn  all,  aud  ap 
to  have  bi'cn  pritntlcly  married  to  Miss  Ltaley  in  France,  ill  Ibe  moalkl 
of  Marc]i,  177^,  tliough  Ibe  youug  couple  were  re-married  in  ~  ' 

in  April,  1779. 

Sheridan  new  entered  hi*  name  on  tbe  booka  of  tbe  Middle  Ttaoflt, 
but  be  waa  allogetber  onfit  for  a  proreasion  demaBding  aueb  doae  and 
alrcBUOua  attenikm  at  thai  of  law.  lie  made  a  liUle  by  writing  Sir  tba 
iiewapapcrs,  a  laboar  in  which  bb  wife  cbeerAiUy  and  ably  aMi«lc4 
him ;  but  the  main  depcndoDce  of  tba  yoimg  couple  wa*  ihe  internt 
of  £3000  which  a  Mr  Long,  wbo  waa  one  of  Mu*  Liiilrym  rrjrcied 
■uilors,  hud  generoualy  Ktded  upon  ber.  During  this  pcfioil,  the  ha|>- 
pleat  in  Ibdr  lire*,  tbe  young  conple  lived  in  reiiremmt  at  Eaat  Bum- 

MBI. 

On  the  17lb  o(  January.  I77.S,  Sberidau'i  power*  >•  a  dr 
writer  were  proved .  by  the  beiiigin|[  out  of  hb  fint  eotnedj,  '  Tbe  Rf 
vaU,'  at  Covt-nt>garden.  lu  tucoeaa  wa*  deei*ire  ;  and  waa  followed  up 
tiy  tbe  opera  of '  Tbe  Duenna,'  whidi  took  a  ma  anpanlldcd  in  the 
Mfld*  of  the  drama,  bnitiiR  lireo  acted  no  lea*  Uian  aevenly-Bve  llmea 
En  MM  aoaaon.  Soon  after  this,  Sberidnn  became  profirieMr  of  Oarrict'a 
uMicty  of  the  patent  of  Dmry  Lane.  Mr  Moore  i*  unable  to  ekplaln 
how  or  where  the  young  dnmatiit  got  the  money  necewary  to  effect 
this  purchate ;  he  managed,  howver,  to  proenrc  it,  and  place  himaelT  in 
ihc  situation  of  paleniee  and  manager  of  tliat  eipcnsirc  ntnl>li«hnMmL 
In  1777  be  placed  bi*  bmc  aa  a  dramatic  writer  on  it*  highiTSi  pinnaclt^ 
by  ihr  prDMctioo  of  '  Tbe  School  for  Scandal.'  "  It  would  be  aooM- 
Ihioc  of  the  latest,"  aay*  tbe  Edinhorf;!!  reviewer  of  Mr  Moora'a  bio- 
graphy, "  U>  engage  now  in  a  ciitiiiue  on  the  '  Rival*'  or  the  ■  8ehao4 
lor  Scandal ;'  and  it  would  be  luelea*.  The  publk:  and  general  jndg* 
nnil  ia  rigbl:  both  in  the  very  high  rauL  it  hiri  aaaijnnl  to  theec  pieoea, 
aud  in  ihu  caeeplioiH  with  which  il  ho*  ijuidifled  lla  prabe.  They  are 
all  uvcr-«{>arkliiig  aiih  wit,  aod  alive  witJi  oharaclcrt  and  naduag.  an 
tiiiirh  better  in  it*  ■uUlaiK.e  than  the  real  eOBTCraMloa  of  paUU  a»> 
cieiy,  ever  came  an  near  it  m  manner.  But  ibefe  if  too  raudl  aterely 
OTiMMwilal  dialofuc,  and.  with  aeBDa  very  fimi  Uieatrieal  (tlBBlioaa,  loo 


t^Mt>.{ 


niCHAKD   BKIKSLST  IFIERrDAX. 


167 


mucb  inUnnlnlOB  in  the  ariiuii  and  linaiiicts  of  tlie  )>lajr :  and,  alratr 
all,  tlivre  la  loo  little  real  warmili  of  frdiitg,  suit  too  Jeir  iodiciitioat  of 
noble  or  Mtiou*  pouion  thoroughly  Co  taijiiry  the  want>  of  Eiiglii<h  r»d> 
wa  tnil  spectator* — even  in  nimctly.  I'heir  wU  J*  tho  l>e*l  of  ihcm  ;— 
■nd  wa  do  not  tne»n  to  deny  that  it  i*  both  grtiuin<!  anil  abundant. 
Bat  it  i«  roshiuned  too  niucli  after  one  pattern :  ami  rrsolred  loo  nft«n 
into  itudied  couipariMinit,  and  ludicrou*  and  in{[fiiioiu  Bjmilr-*.  There 
ii  a  di'itrrt!  uf  mouoloDy  in  llii* ;  and  Jti  very  condeiuation  gives  it 
■omettiiiig  of  a  qaaint,  elaborate,  and  ostralatjoiu  sir.  Tlie  good 
tilings  are  all  drtarhed,  and  fioiabed,  and  iadependent,  each  in  itaelf; 
and.  occordlnglj,  they  do  not  inform  the  »tyle  wilh  a  diSusii'e  apltn- 
dour,  *aeli  aa  the  nun  nhinla  on  a  fine  laiidicnpe'.  but  tparkle  in  their 
separate  xjiherrs,  more  in  llir  manner  of  nightly  illuminolioiiii  in  a  lux- 
iinoo*  city.  It  i»  but  a  lurked  and  jnggrd  lightning,  compared  to  the 
luoad  flaihes  of  Sb&lupeare.  that  kiiidlir  the  whole  horixon  with  their 
wide  and  eonliiiuona  blaiel  It  ia  not  fair,  prrhapt,  to  name  that 
luiglity  oamoi  in  ealiinaling  the  merila  of  any  other  nriler.  But,  xinee 
it  U  done,  it  may  aerve  Mill  briber  to  illiiHtrafe  what  ue  meoit,  if  w« 
add,  that,  where  Slirri<Ian  rr>enible«  him  at  all  in  hi*  wit  and  humourt 
it  ia  Pttbar  in  the  ostirntatiom  and  drtermincd  pleoMnlHea  of  tueh  per- 
•onagca  aa  Merculio  or  Benedict,  than  in  lh«  rieh  and  redundant  in- 
Tcntiuna  of  FulMair,  the  li};lit-h(^srlt.-d  tiayety  of  Roialiiid,  the  jollity  of 
Sir  Toby,  or  tli«  ii>e.\hau alible  liuiiioura  and  Ikneics  of  hi*  uloirni,  fiur> 
ica,  fooli,  coDiIables,  icrving-men,  and  jiuticea.  What  a  varitiy  t  what 
force,  what  faeiiilj. — and  how  little  depending  upon  point,  ejrigraiu,  or 
itmnwM  of  expreasion  E" 

Tb<  ■  Schotd  lor  Scandal '  n«i  ipeedily  followed  bf  onotiier  aucMat- 
ftil  ootuedyi  entitled  *  The  Crili<v'  But  pulitica,  not  litemture.  waa  the 
grvat  bualovw  of  SherlUaa'a  life^  and  to  tliia  aphere  of  action  we  muat 
now  turn  our  attention. 

"  Hi*  firat  appanrauce  before  tlie  poblic  aa  a  political  character,"  tays 
Hr  Moore,  "  waa  in  conjunction  with  Mr  Foa  at  the  beginning  of  the 
ycAr  1180,  wlien  the  liiwoiia  rcaolutiona  on  the  ftaK:  of  the  repreaenU* 
tion,  aigiMd  by  Fos  aa  chairman  of  the  Wnttntniter  cooiniittee,  to- 
gctlier  wilb  u  report  on  the  tome  aul^ect  from  ibe  •ub-commilteei 
i^cd  by  Sheridan,  were  laid  before  tbe  public."  PrcTiou*  to  Ihia, 
bowCTcr,  Slietidau  had  written  nnmeroiii  pulitieal  artioica  and  pain- 
pblett  on  the  whig  aide:  and  lu)d  got  into  habits  of  inliniuy  with  the 
leadera  of  that  party.  Dy  nuaaa  of  Mr,  lubaequeully  Lord  Jolui 
Townkheud,  he  became  aequainied  with  Foa.  "  I  made  the  Hrat  din- 
ner parly,"  nayx  hia  lordahip,  "  at  which  they  met :  having  told  Fos  that 
all  the  notions  he  might  hav«  oooccived  nf  .Sheridan'*  talent  and  geniu*, 
front  the  comedy  of  *  The  Kieala,'  &c.  would  fall  iuGnilrly  ibort  of  tlw 
■diniraiiun  of  hi*  Mtoabbinf  powers,  which.  I  vaa  lare,  he  woald  en- 
tertain at  the  fint  intcrtirw.  The  first  interview  between  them  (there 
were  very  few  proent,  only  Tickcll  and  myaelf,  and  one  or  two  aioro) 
I  ahall  neicr  forfjcL  Fox  told  me,  after  brettking  up  Iriim  dinner,  that 
he  had  olway*  thought  Hare,  aiter  my  nncle,  Chartea  'I'owiMhend,  the 
wilUett  loan  he  h«l  ever  DMt  witli,  but  thni  Sheridan  »irpait*cd  theia 
I>otb  luQniiely."  Sheridan'a  admiratioa  of  Fox  waa  «()ually  great:  and 
the  OOBgeniality  of  their  mind*  soon  producnl  a  close  fiiembhip.  With 
WiDtUmm  bo  had  been  prcnously  lUlinute  i  and  hu  acquBiniaoee  with 


ns 


POLfTicAi.  isnies. 


TX.. 


Il;>rkc  eprcUitj'  fiJIuwril.  Tbc  IsIliT.  liovoTor,  appran  to  lia*^  stway* 
rf)(aril<^l  SlwriJaii  willi  a  ilrfim!  of  anM^Jon  and  rainritu.  Aflrr  the 
itiMOlutiuii  Dri>aHiainml  tliat  look  pUcc  In  1780,  SIictmIu  wtm  r\en»d 
GODJoindjr  wilb  Mr  Muiickton  Tur  die  borau^li  of  Stallbrd,  and  look  hb 
aett  In  tbo  new  pariiamvni  wbicb  met  in  Uvlulier. 

"Th«  ppritxi  at  irliidi  )Ir  Skeridan  «nier«l  upno  hli  political  ca- 
ntr,"  nay*  Mr  Mix»»,  "  wa*  in  erery  rMptd  mmirkabte.  A  ppnw- 
vrfitig  and  viiuliciicc  war  ngninfl  America,  vilh  the  folly  and  guilt  of 
which  the  Dbntiiiacy  af  the  conrt  and  the  ■rquiitconrw  of  the  prapl«t 
are  equally  chaii^blr,  wat  fail  approacIiin|{  that  criiU,  which  cfrry 
uiiliMitwd  (jwvtalor  or  the  cmitnt  liad  loni;  rome«n, — and  at  which. 
Iioircter  humiliatiug  to  tbv  haughty  prrlenMoaa  or  Englaiid>  every 
frirad  to  lli«  libcftif*  of  the  humnn  race  r^joicvd.  It  wm,  pwhapa,  am 
diSIcult  for  thb  coastry  to  liavr  bi-cn  long  and  Tiralcntly  oppotcd  to 
•ucfa  principlM  M  Iha  Ancricanii  aucrtrd  in  this  contest,  without  bring 
hcTM'ir  corriiplisl  by  the  CBi»r  which  Khc  mainlaiticd,  a*  it  wn»  lor  Ifae 
l-'mich  to  have  Ibufihl,  in  (lie  aami-  conflkt,  by  the  aide  of  the  op- 
pmucd,  without  catching  a  portion  of  that  I'olhnaiasn  f>r  liberty, 
which  aucti  an  nllioiitv  wiu  calcubteil  to  iaspire.  Accordingly,  «hit« 
tin;  voice  of  pliiloM)phy  was  heard  along  the  Dfighbouriitg  nboTM, 
ificukioi;  aloud  iIium^  oracular  waminga  which  preceded  thi-  death  or 
tlie  Grtrat  Pan  of  Dcbpotboi,  the  courttor*  and  bi«yrn>  of  England  wrrr, 
with  an  emokMiB  spirit  of  trrvility,  adviiing  and  BanMioniug  auch 
•tride*  of  power,  a*  would  not  havir  lierii  anworlliy  of  the  nioit  dark 
and  4ari>h  time*.  When  we  rFriew.  indcrd,  ihv  faiatory  of  the  Utv 
rrign.  and  canaidcr  how  iBrariubly  (be  amu  and  coancUa  of  Gre«t 
Brtoiu  in  her  EaMem  vara,  bcr  Mniliet  with  Amoric*,  tnd  bet  ffforu 
•gaiiMl  ri-t-oJuiionnry  Fruucc,  were  directed  to  iho  catabliibntent  and 
perpetuation  of  de«[iotic  priuviplea,  it  Hvim  little  leaa  than  a  niirar<le 
that  her  own  libcrly  aliould  have  escaped  with  life  front  the  coetagHm. 
Never,  inilred.  con  the  be  aiilticleully  gratefol  10  the  <irw  pairiu*  >)iiTita 
of  thia  period,  to  nhoie  cour^;e  and  etoqnenc*  akc  owe*  the  high  ata- 
llon  of  freedom  left  to  her ;— itrver  ran  hnr  tona  fmy  a  homace  loo 
worwi  to  the  ntrmory  of  Hieh  men  a>  a  Cbnlham,  a  Fox.  and  a  Shnl- 
dan ;  who,  however  nuch  lliey  may  have  tomeliin**  lacrificed  to  fiUae 
Ytcwa  of  espedieiMy,  and.  by  eoniproniiK  with  friend*  and  coalition 
with  foea,  too  oflno  weakened  tbrir  bold  vpoD  public  eonKdmee;  hair* 
c«cr  tbc  attraction  of  the  court  may  have  MMnetlnMa  made  thmi  librau 
in  their  art>it,  were  yet  (lie  Miing  lighu  of  Itlterly  in  thoae  timca,  kmI 
alooc  iN-irservcil  the  ark  of  the  oooalitutioit  from  fouBdering  in  the  AmI 
■Bd  intnUed  water*  Ibat  encompaned  it." 

It  ia  well  known  that  $hcridan*a  flrrt  appMrwiec*  on  lhl«  great  tbc*> 
ire  were  of  doubtful  pruoiiM'.      Hia  opening  (perch  woa  in  *o[iport 
hi*  own  election,  and  wiu  uore  wanu  than  jodicioD*. 

"  It  W03  OD  thn  night,  ai  Woodfoll  uud  lo  rtlnir,  lliat  Mr  Shcndui, 
■iter  be  had  »pokeu,  cauir  up  to  him  in  the  gnllct)-,  ami  aikrd.  with 
much  autlety.  what  be  Ibougbt  of  hia  lint  atiempl.  The  amwer  of 
Woodiall.  aa  he  had  (be  courage  aflerwanb  to  own,  waa,  *  1  am  tarry 
U  aay  I  do  Ml*  tldnk  thai  thia  it  your  line— you  had  much  better  harw 
aUMlc  to  yourloraicr  punwha.'  On  licaring  which,  Hliciiilao  reaird  hia 
brail  u\Miti  h>>  haoil  fgr  a  few  minute*,  and  ihen  vrhi-wienlly  csclalmedt 
'  Ii  ia  iu  me,  hunever.  aad,  by  (i ,  ii  aliall  conie  out.'    It  appaan^ 


Pmumv] 


XtCHARD  aRIKSLCY  •HISIDAV, 


10* 


jnrtMil.  tiMt  upon  lunny  prrson*  boiiluii  Mr  Woodfall,  Ui«  inqtrewloti 
prodverd  by  tb»  lintt  nauy  of  hia  oratonr  vju  Tar  from  uiiirt-nbl*  to 
(be  rxpcrtHliutii  ili4t  bad  bi-itii  fornivil.  Tlie  cliief  ilcfect  remarked  in 
biiu  wiu  •  thick  and  iiidiiilinM  mode  of  delivvrj,  which,  ihongb  be 
uAi^Twanla  greatly  con'ect«d  i1,  wan  never  «-iitirvly  removrd." 

The  finit  occasion  on  which  Mr  Shcridsn  made  any  thing  like  a 
display  of  oratory,  wat  atTordcd  by  a  motion  which  he  made  on  lli«  5th 
or  March,  1781,  'for  the  better  n^ulntiwi  of  th«  police  of  Weatiuia- 
•i«r.'  In  I7B2,  on  tliir  um-taiun  of  the  Itockingliam  admin  is  Iraliun, 
Sh«riilan  wiu  appointed  one  uf  (be  und«r-*ccR-laric9,  and  i>l>iaine<d  the 
appuintmvtil  ot  M^crclary-of-wajr  in  livlaiid  fur  ln»  htothnr,  Chaflea. 
Hi!  duaiipruvcd  of  the  coalition  Letw««n  Foi  and  Norlli,  but  continued 
to  ad  with  hia  frieod*,  and  roee  gradually  in  eclinaatiou  at  a  di.-bater. 
Ab4Mit  thi*  period.  Pilt  having  Uuuted  Sheridan  with  his  uddictiiHi  to 
UtMirleal  purs«iu,  received  a  owmorable  r«iort  from  the  indignant 
dramUiit.  "  No  man,"  aaiil  Piitt  "  admirtw  more  than  I  do  the  ahili- 
liea  of  lltat  rigbt  bonourabU)  gentleman;  iha  el^aat  aalUea  of  hi« 
thought,  the  gay  efliuiooi  of  bis  fancy,  hi*  (Iramatic  turns,  and  his  epi* 
KranuDottc  point :  and  if  they  were  DMcnrcd  (or  tlie  proper  &lage,  they 
would,  no  doubt,  receive  tlw  plasdils  uf  the  audience:  and  it  would  be 
ilu!  torlmi«  of  the  rigbt  booourable  gentleman,  'nii  pltnuu  gaudtr* 
ikttin.'  Bat  parliament  was  not  the  proper  ceene  for  the  exhibition  of 
time  eleganeietb"  Sheridan,  in  reply,  toid,  "  On  the  particular  suit  of 
pwwiMiity  which  th«  right  honourablo  genlkmiui  has  tbought  proper 
IS  n^e  oae  of,  I  ocv^l  not  make  any  rominent.  Th*  propriety,  tlie 
iMta)  til*  gsnihiuieiily  point  of  it  must  have  been  obvious  to  the  boitte. 
But  let  nw  Mfun  ibc  right  honoural>le  gciitlcjimii,  that  I  do  now,  lod 
will,  at  any  tiMM  be  cliooses  lo  repent  this  sort  of  allusion,  in«vi  it  with 
the  nKwt  aiiMWn  good  bniuour.  Nay,  1  will  say  more — flatlcn-d  and 
enoouragcil  by  th«  right  baBovrablc  gendcinan's  panegyric  on  iny  tal- 
cat*,  ir  rvcr  I  again  nngaga  in  the  compoulion  he  alludea  to,  I  may  be 
tempted  to  an  lurt  of  presumption— 10  attempt  an  trnprarament  on  one 
of  Uau  ioittiawift  bv>t  chamclcrv, — lb«  character  of  '  the  angry  boy '  in 
Um  Alobymiit." 

The  impeachment  of  Haatiiifta  wa«  the  oocaaion  of  Slieridan*  moat 
aplentlid  parliamentary  iliipluy.  Mr  Moore  rcpreaent*  the  projected 
iiM)iieM  M  languikhinx  und  about  to  die  away,  when  Sheridan  brought 
Ibnrkrd  on  the  7lh  of  Ftbniar}-,  1787,  iu  tli«  hoiue  of  oouuuunit,  '-the 
«lwr|e  rdatite  lo  lli«  Bt-gum  Princesoea  of  Oude,  and  delivired  that 
odPBlted  apeMh,  whose  ctTect  upon  its  hearers  has  no  parcel  in  the 
■aiala  of  Mcieflt  or  modem  cloqucoeo.  When  wo  recollect  the  meti 
by  wham  the  hoiwe  of  commons  was  at  that  day  adorned,  and  the 
Mnfliet  of  high  paMJOBS  and  intorcat*  in  wliich  they  hnd  been  so  Inlely 
eagiged ;— when  wa  (c«  tbcm  all,  of  all  partlea,  bruugbl  (as  Mr  Pitt 
expressed  it)  '  nndi^r  the  wand  of  the  enchanter,'  and  only  ryiog  with 
iwch  oihur  in  tlieir  (kscription  of  the  fuacination  by  wfakk  Utey  wan 
botiiid  ;— when  we  call  to  mind  too,  that  he,  whom  the  first  statetmca 
of  the  age  lhu«  laud«l,  hod  but  btely  deacetidcd  amon^  lliom  from  ■ 
more  aerial  rrgioD  uf  inttllcet,  bringing  Irophins  falsely  stii>po4i-il  lo  be 
iiicompalible  with  political  proweas  ; — it  ■•  iiDjiiiuiblr  to  iningine  a  mo- 
iitrnt  of  auire  eiilirv  aiul  iiiloxi<-aling  Iriuuipti.  'Hii-  only  jiloy  that 
tiuihl  iitiii^te  wilb  -ucli  i-ointileli-  •iireeM  iiiiut   be  ihu  fear  that  it  waa 

VII,  V 


I 


170  POLITICAL  aiiiu. 

loo  |wrfrcl  riTr  to  comi--  >|iaii) ; — Uiut  hU  rnnii-  ImiI  the*!   n>a.<.'Ii«l 
incrkliMi  poinl,  aiul  Ihini  llmt  i.-uiuuii<ioutc  itKinu.-iit  litiut  d»le    iU   Oe- 
rliai*.     Of  tkia  niiiarkabli:'  ipi-oth  llK^n.'  rxiitJi  no  rt'{M>n  ; — (ur  it  wouU* 
Iw  iib«unl  to  digiiiry  witli  ibui  a;i|H.'llaiiua  tba  neogiL'  aud  liti'leiu  kkelcb> 
llin 

ToDiMUi  no*  iliiliiw  umlinni 
In  bdm  JBh*.' 

irhi<^)i   in  givm   in   lli4'   Mnnal   rt^trra   sail   ]wriiam(iiUry  iklKilni. 
lu    Etmc,    llicn'fbfr,    rrniaiiiit    like   on   t-mpiy  shrink — a  (.TtiuUi^i    still 
(■ro«n«il  and  hooouml.  lliouj;b  tbe  iniuti:  is  wauting.      Mr  Sli«ri<hji 
uras  rr«()U(.-iitly  urged  to  funiidi  k  refOtt  hinMcirt  «ud  (imii  fan  liabit  of 
))iifHiTinK  a»d  wriiiiip  out  hb  ■peecliM,  ibere  U  little  doubt  thai  be 
cutild   huTL-  uc<vin|il tilled  auvb  a  tank   without  mucb  dilOti^ty.      But. 
whi-ilier  fniui  iiidoleoce  or  dcsigui  he  «oiit«rDted  hiDuclTwiih  k-aving  to 
iiiiaj'iiiatloii,  wliicb,  in  tatiti  cos>:g,  be  kiwvr,  Ironscenda  n-idiiy,  the  taafc 
of  juMityiitg  III*  vak>|>iiu,  aad  perpetuating  tbe  tndilton  oFtlieir  prslae. 
Nor,  (ii  doing  tliu*,  did  b«  act  peiiiap«  iinwi«el}'  for  hi*  (ain<-.     W«  nuiy 
now   iiidolK«   in  dreams  of  the   eloqui-itcc   ikat   ctmhl    produc*  vuck 
rlk-cts,  aa  ««  do  or  ibe  lautic  of  th«  anrienti  and  tbc  mirncaloua  pown* 
nttributod  to  it,  witb  aa  liltk  ri»k  of  baring  nur  (iincin  cJiilIrd  bjr  tbe 
[icru&al  of  tbe  ouc,  aa  Ibrre  is  of  our  faith  bt'ing  dii<-»rbsntnl  by  bvAr* 
ii^  a  Miigle  tiraiii  of  lli«  other.      After  uying  thiis  oiurli.  it  may  *mn 
a  tort  of  wilful  probnaiioii,  to  turn  to  thr  kpiriili^B  atMlmct  of  tfaia 
■povch,  which  i»  to  be  found  in  all  thr  profmrd  rrports  of  pariiamrn- 
tary  otntory,  and  ubich  »und»,  lik<!  oiti'  of  llioae  balf-cloibcd  tnuininira 
in  ihp  Sicilian  raulti,   wiili,  licrc  and  (brir,  a  fra^mcot  of  riirtoricsl 
Ontfirry.  to  givr  an  appi-iira:m^  of  lifr  to  ib>  iiiHrriiu'lrM  fnnif.     ThtTe 
ii,  however,  oar  paua^  t*>  droiiK'y  luoricd  with  tlic  L'boraeiMuilicv  of 
Mr  Sberidan**  talent,  that  it  may  bo   Inoki-d  upon  at  a  pratly  faithful 
rcprcHtilallon  of  wbat  he  ipok«,  and  claim  a  pliUT  among  the  aaihrntie 
•pectniefia  of  hu  ontory.      Adverting  to  tome  gf  thoiH:  adinircT*  of  Mr 
lladiingt,  wbo  wrrp  aot  «o  implicit  in  IbHr  partiality  aa  to  gin-  uu- 
<]nalilt«l  appIauM?  to  hin  cfimn,  but  found  an  cicutc  for  ihvir  atrority 
Id  the  gTcatiM-M  of  bis  mind,  hv  tbunprucecdBi — 'To  estimate  lliu  solidity 
of  auch  «  defener.  It  would  be  Mlliaeui  merely  tu  (Wiaidrr  in  what  voa- 
*Mled  Ibb  pr«paM««*ing  dittinctioD,  tli'ia  raptiralinc  characteriKio  of 
gmtiMw  of  mind.     1*  it  not  tolely  to  be  traced  in  grtrat  actioiM  di- 
rrctcd  to  freat  cn<b?     In  tli4-m,  afl<l  (hem  alone,  w«  are  to  March  for 
true  eatiroable  magnanimity.     To  th«in  only  ctui   we  juatty  affix  the 
•fdc-ndid  title  and  boiHKirs  <k  real  greaUi«ta.     There  uaa  indeed  another 
■(■ecici  of  grvatncu,  wbi*rb  diaplaycd  itaelf  in  boldly  conceiriug  a  bad 
meaaare,  and  undauntedly  ponuiag  it  to  Ita  aeconiplialiiueni.     Itut  bad 
Mr  Haating*  tbc   merit  of  exhibiting  either  of  tbew  dftfortplliou  of 
gruatneaa, — even  of  the  latter?      lie  law  nothing  gmt— iMtliMg  mag- 
BantiBoui — nothing  op<-n — nothing  direct  in   hi*  mcaKirea,  or  in   hi> 
Olad.     On  the  contrary,  Ik:  bad  loo  often  pursue*)  tbe  worat  object*  by 
(tie  wont  mnna.     Hit  coune  waa  an  eti-nial  deriaiioii  from  rreiittide. 
Hr  either  tyrannited  or  deccivnl ;  and  wai  by  lutiM  a  DIonyMU*  and  a 
Seapin.     A*  well  nigbl  tbc  writbnig  ol)li<iii>(y  of  tbe  Hrpctit  be  cotn- 
pai»d  to  the  awlft  dtr*cliH«a  of  tbe  arrow,  m  tli«  dujilirity  of  Mr  Haa- 
iinjp'i  aiiibitmn  in  ilt«  •implc  ttaadiMia  of  grmiioe  napnaniniity.     In 
him  mind  all  was  ihulNtii^  amlngiwiM,  dark,  iuaidioiM,  and  little ;  natfamg 


1 
I 

■ 
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Pimion.] 


niciiAsu  nniKibXY  (tiCKtOAir. 


171 


Minplc,  uolhio);  Hnniiwd :  ait  cffi-Lii-il  ptuiDncM.  and  aclual  iliasiiuulu- 
lion  1— «  heutrogmcom  mtua  of  u>iiiradicti>nr  qualitJM ;  nitii  noihin;; 
great  but  hi*  crinM ;  and  even  llio«e  contruied  bj  tJi*  liiilcnt*!  of  Ins 
raotivMi,  wbicb  U  once  dcsated  botli  his  huenem  and  hi*  nifsiincM, 
knd  inarki^l  him  l«r  m  initar  unil  ■  trickslrr.  Nay,  in  hii  style  niid 
writing  there  wat  the  Mine  mixturr  of  Ticioiu  conlmrictiH : — the  most 
ftrovclling  idea*  were  conveyed  in  the  mote  iiiHaicd  laiijfuaKi.-,  K'^iug 
akuck  coll(•t^(|ueIm  to  low  cavils,  anil  ultctiiis  (|uibblai  iii  livruios ;  >a 
ihot  his  FOtnposiiioiM  disgusted  the  miiiil'H  latle,  as  much  as  his  actiuna 
excited  tlie  aoul'a  abhorrmoo.  Indeed  ihi»  mixture  of  character  srcmtd 
by  Mina  lanaccouDtable,  but  inhvmit  quality,  to  he  appropriaicd, 
thmigfa  in  inferior  dcgme*,  to  evcrj-  thing  that  concerned  lii*  cmplny- 
cn.  He  rciDnnlwrcd  to  hare  heard  an  lionouruhlit  and  huirn<sl  gentle- 
wan  (Mr  Dunda*)  mnark,  that  tlii-rt-  was  Kiuitrthiiig  in  tlw  (irat  frame 
and  eoiiBtilulioii  uf  litv  Conipany,  ithicli  eilendiHl  iliv  nonlid  priiiciplen 
of  thvtr  Migia  over  all  ih«ir  •uci^oMiTc  opemtion»:  coiitieciitig  wtili 
their  civil  policy,  anil  crrn  willi  tlieir  boldest  acliirvr mentis  the  uiean- 
iMWi  of  a  pedlar  and  tbe  proftiKacy  of  pioitM.  Alike  in  the  politi<-id 
and  in  tlic  n>ililar>'  line  could  be  ubtrvrved  nuctimievring  umhuaudora 
and  trading  geuenl* : — and  thua  we  taw  a  rerolution  brought  about  hy 
affidavita ;  an  tiraiy  anployrd  in  executing  aa  arrett ;  a  town  betivi^nl 
oo  a  Dot*  of  hand ;  a  prinee  detbraned  Ibr  ihe  bolnncc  of  an  account. 
Thu*  it  wa«  tiM-y  exhibited  a  guvcrDincnl.  which  iiniird  the  mock  iiui- 
jraty  of  a  bloody  sceptrr,  mid  llii.-  little  tmKic  of  a  marchunl'i  rounliug- 
hoiisc.  wii^lding  ii  truDchi'ou  with  uiiu  hauil,  and  pickiitg  ilic  {ioek<:t 
iriih  ilie  oilier/  The  dTecl  of  Ibia  afweob.  adiled  to  (Le  line  taken  by 
ihr  iniuiiiriT,  turned  llie  balance  a^iM  Hoating^  ud  deoided  the  iiu* 
pcnehmeoL" 

or  (fain  tjicecb  Mr  Burke  declared  tt  to  be  "the  mo*i  aatonUhing 
eHort  of  eloquence,  argument,  and  uit  uniti--«l,  of  which  tht-rv  na*  any 
m-unt  or  tradition."  Mr  Fox  *aid,  "  All  lliat  he  had  eTt-r  heard,  all 
that  be  bad  ever  read,  when  compared  with  it,  dwindled  into  nothing, 
and  vanithod  bke  vapour  befora  Uia  aun  ;" — and  Mr  Filt  acknowledged 
'*  that  it  uirpatMd  all  (he  etoqaenco  of  ancient  and  modem  timett  and 
poweawd  rrory  thing  that  geniua  or  art  oould  furnish,  to  ngilatc  and 
eonlrol  tlic  human  mind."  Mr  Biiurl,  in  hi*  '  History  of  llic  Keigu  qf 
iiccrgv  111..'  »la(c*  that  "  the  late  Mr  Logan,  well-known  fur  lii*  liter- 
ary efllorla,  and  aullicrof  a  umm  masterly  defence  of  Mr  Hasiiii|p.  weiii 
that  day  to  the  hoiue  of  comnioikh  prt'poaaeaied  for  the  ucouamI  and 
•gainst  the  acrusrr.  At  the  expiration  of  the  fir«t  hour  he  aaid  (o  a 
friend,  '  All  (hi*  ii  declamatory  aarrlion  witliout  proof;' — when  ihn 
second  <■>■  HniBhcit.  *  I'bia  u  a  luort  wonderful  oralioo  I' — ut  the  dote 
uf  llie  (hini,  *  Mr  Haatlng*  has  acted  very  unjustiliably  I' — Iht-  liiiirlh, 
*  Mr  Ilutings  is  a  niott  alrocioui  eriminal  I'— and  at  luxl,  '  Of  all  ntou- 
■icn  of  iniquity.  IIm-  nio*t  cnoraMtii  b  Wam-n  llattingal'  " 

The  Eiliotiurgh  reviewer  of  Mr  Moore'i  Ufo  of  Sheridan  doubt* 
wlieiher  (hit  famous  ipeecb,  if  it  bad  been  pn>*er>'rd,  would  have  pro- 
duced any  (hinf;  like  tlie  tame  efleet  at  the  prrw-ni  day,  and  grounds 
tbia  donlit  oa  llie  w«aLneM  and  aflrclntion  of  various  poua^-cB  in  Sberi- 
■lan'a  Bpcond  grand  oralion  in  die  muh-  inijieacbmcnt,  of  wlneb  a  faith* 
lilt  report  ho*  iK^n  presrf*<-d.  Mr  MiKwe  hoa  given  various  vxiravta 
ftoin  ihi*>eciMid>|>i-r('li,frutn  which  wetballaelecl  uucor  luuitiecinienS' 


171!  pouTioAL  *um. 

In  bu  ('UirdiD(D,  l)ic  omlur  lliu«  ranciliu^a  xhm  court  by  paying  bis 
Iributs  ro  ihe  purity  ol'  Engli»l>  jiwlir*  in  thno  wanU:  "  llowcrer, 
iriica  I  Imv«  fwd  ihii,  I  tratt  your  lonUhips  nil)  not  Mmtc  tluit.  be< 
CMM  Kinfthiog  i>  PtnTwaty  to  rrlriovu  tbc  Bnliah  ehsntttar,  w«  eUl 
(or  BB  esalDplG  Ui  be  mode,  without  doc  uhI  M>lid  pniot  of  llit  );»''(  of 
tk»  pM«OB  whom  we  piiraur: — no,  my  lonU,  wn  know  weil  Ui«l  it  !• 
lh«  glory  of  ihia  cuii*titutic>ii,  tl»t  not  the  gau:rti\  bn«  or  chara0l«r  of 
amy  nnn. — aot  tbc  <i«ri),-bt  or  power  of  any  proMCUliori— Ito  pli«  of 
KSnl  or  politickl  oipiiliriioy, — iiot  vtud  the  iMrct  MMMMUnvW  of 
^iJl,  «  hieh  may  live  in  ihu  boMai  o(  tli«  jiMtgr,  md  jutiQr  aay  Urtliali 
court  in  p«t»i[ig  any  8eAi«ne«,  to  loucli  n  bair  of  tb«  bead,  or  tat  aCan, 
in  any  rf«p«cl.  of  tbc  property,  of  lh«  famr,  of  thr  liberty  of  the  foowiM 
or  lurannt  «ubJ4«t  that  brcaibcs  ibc  air  of  ibis  jiut  and  free  laao,  Wa 
know,  my  lords,  that  Uian  ttn  be  no  1^>1  ftuik  withoirt  l^fld  praor, 
and  tbai  tli«  nil«  wUoh  dfltOM  tiw  «viik-Dc«  i>  aa  muub  th«  law  of  the 
bud  as  tbal  «hKb  cntfM  ifae  crime.  It  ia  upoii  ibal  grovad  w«  neut 
iQaUnd." 

"n*  inipnolied  did  not  tcnpU  vhtn  npcvMaty  to  bare  raoonn*  la 
•qofvoaUion  and  diuTownl ;  iuIvc«ttD^  to  a  ittiking  inatanec  of  thia, 
diii  anttar  aaid :  "  Major  Scott  eomca  to  your  bar — dncribc*  th«  rirart* 
iMMof  dnif— -Tvprosrnts  Mr  IlaMing*  ••  it  were  eOMtraeting  for  a  dwr* 
a*:t«r — putting  fain  nu-mory  into  GoiamiuiaD — uakiug  dL-[iBrtiiieiil«  tor 
hit  conRcicnc.  A  number  of  frii-nda  niitl  to;;<.-t>it-r,  aad  tic,  knuwin^ 
(do  doabt)  that  tbc  acciumkia  of  the  commoiui  bad  bceu  drawn  mp  bjr 
&  OOiBHiiUrr,  tliaoclit  It  iKCoury,  K*  a  point  of  punctilio,  to  Mhwct  it 
by  a  cooiRiittee  abo.  Om  funikalMa  Um  nw  Baterial  of  &ct,  ika  ttoamd 
i^u  iha  wguKiilt  ud  iba  Uuni  twiiM  «p  th«  eoadwoiii  vhia  Mr 
Juitiag),  witli  a  naaler'a  ey«,  la  ohMring  uid  looUag  over  ihi*  loata. 
H«  aya  lo  one,  ■  Yoti  haTp  got  mj  good  &ith  ia  your  baad*— you,  my 
vanci^  to  miuiagr.  Mr  Sboiv,  I  hope  you  will  nilia  aw  a  good 
flnaacMT — Mr  Midiilrtuo,  you  havr  mj  humaikity  in  comnaMiDa.'— 
Wban  it  ii  doiWi  ha  bringt  it  to  tiw  Moao  of  cuminona,  asd  aajr^  '  i 
waa  aqul  lo  Iha  twk,  I  korw  lb*  dJCenUa,  but  1  waira  tkain  ■  hare 
ia  tbc  Irutb,  and  if  the  truth  aill  convict  mr,  I  am  Doatcnl  mytrif  to 
be  the  cbaanel  of  ii.'  Hi>  ftiend*  bold  ap  tbnr  headt.  and  *ay,  ■  What 
mU*  BoaguaBliuity  I  Tliit  miwt  lit  tbc  pBkI  of  cooiciom  and  rral  !«• 
■OOaBOi.'  Well,  it  M  M)  rvccivcil.  it  i*  w  argued  upoB^bui  it  bit*  of 
Ik  tttMt-  Then  aaya  Ur  Haningt, — 'Thai  my  defrtiee!  no.  ncn 
JsvMyiBBB-work, — good  eaoiigh  lor  tbc  coamoiM,  but  not  fit  lor  year 
HMdtbip^  oenaMcntloD.'  He  then  calk  upon  bia  oaatiwl  to  aava  bin  i 
—'I  flnrnoaeof  BjaMBwn'  witnnce* — I  know  aomeof  tbeni  wdl^ 
I  know  tli«  weafawM  of  thi-ir  memory,  nrni  (lie  Wrca^  of  their  atlaob- 
meat — I  tear  aa  HWlmoay  but  my  own — ure  me  from  the  peril  of  my 
own  [lanegyrie  praiarw  me  from  that,  aiid  I  thall  br  aafe.'  Tben  ■• 
till*  pli-a  brmigbl  to  your  lordahipit'  bar,  anil  Major  SontI  gratvly  aa- 
trrtti, — ihM  Mr  Ilaaliag*  did,  at  tbc  Init  ot  the  houae  of  cominoiu, 
tttwch  for  bell  of  which  be  waa  igfwrant,  and  for  argumenU  a-liieh  be 
bad  iM*rr  r«a<L  Alter  Mich  aii  utt«m|il,  mm  c«na>nly  are  left  in  iloiibt 
10  daaida  to  whirb  *rl  of  hi*  fricub  Mr  Hading*  ■■  thi;  l(a*t  obliged,*. 
WM  who  aaaikliil  buu  m  waking  hu  ileti'iMic,  or  lliuav  who  adilard 
luai  to  ilMiy  h." 

I'Im  acceiiiaaoe  or  ntlbcr  «aaction  «f  a  pnialv  pncMol  u(  £100,000 


I 


Vtun.] 


HICIIAHO  sniKSLBV  SUKBIDAN. 


174 


it  thu*  ooiaSMtod  upon :  "  My  lorcki  sueh  tru  lli«  dirln-wnd  *iiua(ion 
of  the  nabob  Kboul  «  twrivciuoMb  brfoiw  Mr  Halting^  nift  him  at 
Chunnr.  It  win  a.  IwdTviDimdi,  I  toy,  tfU-r  thit  iRJM-rablc  Kcene— ^ 
miitbiy  jicTiotl  in  tlut  progrrvi  of  Briliiii  rapadty— il  ww  (if  thr.  coun- 
*cl  ttill)  allrr  tame  natural  calamitica  bad  aided  (h«  •tipcriar  vigour  of 
BritiMb  viot«iiGe  aacl  rapaciljr — it  waa  aAec  Ilia  oouuCrj'  bad  felt  other 
calaiiiitiua  bevidea  tba  Eut!lisb~it  vm  oflfr  iba  angO'  duixnmtioiu  of 
PtovidaBoe  bad,  with  a  progrewive  Mverity  of  eiimiitemvm,  viaimi 
Ih*  littd  wilb  a  bmioe  onu  year,  aud  wilb  a  ColoDfll  Hannay  tbe  iicxt 
—it  waa  after  be,  iht*  Hannay,  bati  returntxl  to  rwtnic«  llir  ilep*  of  lit* 
tortncr  nvagoa — it  wa*  after  be  and  lii«  voradou*  new  hod  «ni«  l» 
plunckr  niin*  whidi  liimMir  had  BMle,  and  to  gloan  from  ilnioUiioD  tbc 
little  ibal  Ikisinv  hod  ipnrrd,  or  rtpiaa  oveHooknl :— tbra  it  wn>  that 
llii*  niiicniyiT,  baakruiM  prinWi  nurcbinK  thmuKb  hi*  coiuiUy,  boaicged 
by  tbc  cbmuura  of  bu  •tarvitm  Mibji.-cti,  nhu  criai  lu  blni  lor  protoo- 
Iton  tfaruu|;fa  thnr  cagca^inMiiiig  tbi-  ourM«  of  Mine  uf  bin  lubjccfa, 
ud  tbi-  praytra  of  (illi«n — iiiib  Inmiiit^  at  bti  fac«U>  and  reproacli  tot- 
toviag  ]uai,— tkcffl  it  wa«  that  ihM  prince  is  repraaaoted  aa  ex^rciaing 
thiaaetaf  prodigal  bounty  to  tlie  v^ry  man  nboni  li«  ban  reproadica 
—to  tbe  very  nun  whiwc  policy  bnd  rxtiogubfanl  lu«  powrr.  nnd  wboBO 
crvalurc*  hxd  ittnolatol  his  nmtilr)'.  To  talk  of  a  frvc-tvill  Ritl!  it  i* 
audai'iuuii  BTid  ridiculotu  to  iiauiv  tbi>  suppuutiou.  Il  wai  nut  a  fnx- 
u'iU  gift-  What  «a4  it  lli«a  ?  xas  il  a  bribe  ?  or  was  it  cxtoitioii  r  I 
•ball  prow  it  waa  botiip^-tt  waa  an  act  of  graaa  bribery  aud  of  nuik 
Htonion."  Again  ba  Ihua  advnrt*  to  ihia  pment:  "  Tbc  tint  ibiiif; 
hr  doM  14  to  leave  Calcutta  in  order  to  go  in  tbr  rclii-f  of  the  (liktreMed 
nabob.  Tbi>  Mcond  lliioit  is  to  lak<>  ilOO.OUO  fnitn  tlial  disimMtt 
nabob  OB  account  of  tbc  ilialrtatod  Coatpany.  And  tha  third  tbiuf;  i« 
to  aak  of  iJi«  dtatreaMd  Company  thU  very  «aiBo  trnin  on  account  of  ibi> 
diatrawa  of  Mr  Ha«*iagfc  IVro  nanr  vvra  ihrea  diurcuM  tlmi 
MOMcl  >o  little  rci!Wi«ileable  «titb  one  another." 

()«  ihua  anlicipato  tlic  pliia  of  •lat«-)>cca«Hty :  **  fital«i  nnrnaicji  I 
no,  lay  lordu ;  tbat  itn])rtial  tyrant.  (tat^neGeaaity,  i*  yet  a  fcaiaroua 
dn|iat, — bold  is  bu  dcmuuuur.  rapid  hia  deci*ioa*,  and  terrible  hi*  graap. 
But  what  be  (locti  luy  lurd*,  he  dan»  btow,  and,  avowing,  uiunia  any 
other  Juiiilioation,  tJian  the  gt*M  iiiotitri  that  jJootd  ilie  troo  aoeptre 
in  bia  bond.  Uut  a  quibbling,  iNlleriiig,  prctaricMtlug  Matbe-niotmity, 
Ibat  triaa  to  ilulk  bdiiiid  ibc  i>kiri«  of  jtiilicc  -.—^  Btal«-n«dtMliy  lliat 
Irin  to  aleal  a  ]Mtiriil  juititicalioii  from  wfaupned  nacuwriooa  aiid  fitbri* 
cntnl  rwiKKir*. — No,  my  lorUn,  tliat  U  no  >tatii  nataaiitj  ;-^oaf  off  tbo 
nin«k,  aod  yon  top  (HMme,  vulgar  avurioe, — yon  tee  peculalion  lurkiuR 
undi'r  ibu  gaudy  (li*gui*c,  and  addiu);  tbe  guilt  of  libelling  tbv  public 
boiMMir  to  it*  owu  pnvale  Ifmid.  My  lonl*,  I  aay  tbia,  betauie  I  aai 
Hiri:  (ba  UMtnager*  would  moke  evny  allnvanca  liial  >tatu-ua«Maliy 
eouU  dtirn  upun  any  great  eiBi'rgi'iicy.  If  nay  gr«at  laaa,  in  baariiig 
(hs  tram  of  thta  counUy ;— if  any  ailimraJ,  bcanng  Hia  vmgtsnoa  ami 
Uh>  gtory  of  Britain  Co  diMaat  eatMa,  tfaould  be  comprUad  to  •oin«  rub 
acta  of  violenoa^  >n  ord«ri  ptcbapa.  lo  give  bod  to  thow  wbii  are  ibud- 
ding  tkair  Uood  for  Briinin ; — if  any  grc^l  general,  ileEuiding  *ooio 
IhrtiMi,  hamii  itaalC  p««liai»,  but  a  |iludgc  of  ilii'  pridi^  uiid,  with  the 
prnlt,  uf  tile  |u>weT  of  Britain  ;  if  (urb  a  miin  were  to  *  *  * 

ithtla  Im  liiniaeU  wa*       •       ■       ut  tlie  lop,  liki^  an  cadle  bcaicged  in 


174 


rouTicAL  ■laiu. 


ils  inporia]  nwt. — would  tlie  oonunon  of  Ensland  come  to  cccom  or 
Id  amign  >uch  acts  of  olai^nectarilj  ?     No." 

Air  Moure  eouaiden  lli«  oralor's  (Icscripiion  of  thn  draolalion  of  Oudr 
lij-  Ibi-  UMfOTmiBinit  of  Cntniicl  Hnnnny  an,  prriiapii,  the  no*!  maa- 
t«rly  portion  of  iho  whole  cpFccli-  "  If  Oio  coulil  luppmr  a  penaoa  M 
hare  coiar  tuililrnly  into  the  country,  unacquaiotvil  with  »ny  circum- 
ManOM  that  hnd  pn»nl  *incc  thu  ibvs  of  Sujah  nl  Dovlah.  lie  nould 
Balnrallr  luk.  what  cruni  bond  liu  wrouf;hl  thia  wid«  itMohtioa, — what 
barbarinn  (be  hu  mmlLiI  tkv  eoouir)-,  bas  defeobled  ita  He)d*,  depopn- 
latrd  its  vilU);is  ?  He  vould  aak,  tibai  disputed  sucwwon,  oirit  rag^ 
>»r  fmuijr  uf  itie  tobabitaota,  bad  indoeed  (fann  (o  art  in  boatility  to  tba 
irarda  of  God,  a&d  lh«  beaiitoon*  worka  of  nutn  ?  He  would  a«k,  what 
rellgiowa  seal  or  frraty  had  addrd  to  the  mad  despair  and  horrors  nf 
war? — The  niin  b  anlikc  any  thing  that  nppeon  recorded  in  any  agr; 
it  looks  like  iwithrr  the  barfaaritica  of  nirn,  nor  the  jadgmeniB  ot  tib- 
diclivc  li<«T«n.  Tbt-re  i>  a  waMc  of  deswlalian,  as  if  canard  by  fiJI 
dfslraycTs,  never  tueaoing  to  reiunii  and  making  but  a  abort  period  of 
their  npoeily.  It  looka  aa  if  aome  IkUed  luonsti'r  bod  mad*  ib  paaawge 
thraii^  llic  country,  wkoae  peatiferooa  breath  liad  blaated  Bor*  than 
ita  vomeioui  8p|wtlle  coiild  devour.  If  there  bad  been  any  men  in  ths 
couiiir}-,  who  bad  not  tbeir  beorts  and  Mol*  *o  cubduril  by  frar  aa  lo 
rcTuiie  to  apeak  the  (ruth  at  all  upon  nueh  n  lubfrci.  they  would  lm«« 
told  him  there  had  been  no  war  iiincc  the  tlnir  of  Sujab  ■■  Dowlah 
tyraut,  indeed,  a*  be  «>■.  but  thm  deeply  rrgTrUcd  liy  bi*  wibjecta 
Ibat  no  hoitilc  blow  of  any  coctiiy  bad  been  itruek  in  that  land — that 
tfarrc  hail  bi-en  uo  diijMited  meoeiakin — ik>  civil  war — no  religMMU 
frcniy.  Hot  llial  these  were  the  lokena  of  Brilitli  fnerjiUbip,  Ihc  marks 
k-fl  by  tiMi  cmbracea  of  Briliah  alliea — more  ilrrsdrol  than  ibc  blows  of 
ibe  biilemt  enemy.  Tbey  would  lel)  him  that  thc-M?  allka  had  cos- 
verted  a  prince  into  ■  alarv,  to  make  him  tbc  principal  in  the  estortioa 
upon  bia  aubjeeta ;— 4hai  ibeir  rajwcity  IncreaM-d  io  proportioD  a*  ibe 
lorana  of  aupplying  their  avarice  diminial>ed:  that  Ibry  moile  the  aorc- 
rt'iga  pay  aa  it  they  bod  a  right  to  an  inrmaed  price,  bccauae  tW 
labour  uf  extortion  aiwl  plunder  iucrcaaciL  I'o  tuch  eai»ee,  tbey  would 
lell  bim,  tbcac  calamitiri  «cic  owing.  Need  1  refer  your  lonlahip*  lO 
the  alronf  teMimooy  of  .Major  Naylor  when  lie  rcacurd  Colonel  Haao^ 
(root  their  handa^where  yoa  aee  iJiat  ihit  peop1l^  bom  to  aubmimlB* 
aud  bent  lo  moit  al^ect  folyectton — that  even  lh<>y.  in  wboae  tvMk 
bcarta  t^|ury  hod  never  yet  begot  reaeulmcnt,  nor  even  despair  brrd 
conngo— that  tbcir  batn>d,  tbcir  aUiorrence  of  Colonel  Ifannay  wm 
mHi  that  they  citing  round  biiB  by  thouaanda  and  thouaindat— ibl 
when  Major  Naylor  rracurd  bini,  tbey  rcfuaed  life  feom  lh<]  hud  ifcal 
n^nlil  tvkcuc  Hannay ; — tbot  ibry  noarolMd  ibit  deaperaie  consolalloa* 
llijit  l>y  ibrir  death  ihcy  abould  at  laaat  Ihia  the  nomber  of  wralaliai 
who  HiAkrcd  by  bia  dmatation  and  eilortion.  Ha  tqra  Ikai.  when  Im 
crawod llw river,  be  baad  tbe poor  urelchc*  cioivmng  apon  the  parchii 
bonkj  of  the  potlutnl  nter.  encooragina  tbctr  Uood  to  Sow.  and  coo- 
aoltng  tWrnwIii-a  wilb  thelhongbt.  thai  It  would  not  aink  inlu  I W  earth, 
but  riae  lo  the  common  Goil  of  htmianlty.  and  ciy  alood  for  veii|[«afwa 
oa  their  deatroyen  I — Tina  vann  deacr4plkm^-wnidi  is  no  decliunatlon 
of  mine,  but  (i>und  io  actual  fart,  and  in  fair,  clear  pcoof  bclorc  yoar 
|anl>ki|i»— eprakir  {lowpTfully  what  iW  c«ine  of  theae  oppTcaaiOB 


PMIAD.) 


HICIIAND  ■niKIt.BT  tllBllinAX- 


175 


and  llir  perfi'irl  iuiiliii.-st  of  these  rcrlinft>  that  were  occasiuned  by  llirin. 
And  j'ut.  my  lord*,  I  mu  lukod  lu  prove  why  ibcae  ;)c<(pl«  anMr  in 
Kuch  concpn;— 'llifre  inusl  liavi-  bevn  amdiiiiatioui),  roreooifa,  and  Uie 
Ik-)-uais'  luaeliinaiioiiis,  (o  jtroduM  all  Uii*!' — Why  did  Ihv)-  rite  !~ 
Because  they  were  peoplo  in  liuman  shape;  becAoM  patience  under 
the  detected  tyranny  of  man  ia  rcbeDion  to  tlie  aovereignty  of  God : 
brMUtc  nikginnw  to  ihal  power  that  give*  u»  Uie  fbrtn*  of  men  coiu- 
nuuKl*  US  to  inninlnin  the  righu  of  men.  And  neri^r  yet  waa  llii*  umk 
dismiued  rn>ni  (lie  human  hcnrt— never  in  any  lime,  in  any  ag»— never 
in  any  clitnc  utiprv  rudt^  man  rvrr  had  any  taani  Itelin^.  or  where 
mrrapt  refinement  had  mtHliiFd  all  fcdinp,— never  wa*  thi*  one  iin* 
eiLiin^uivhablr  truth  dnlroycd  from  the  heart  of  man,  planed,  a*  it  is, 
ill  till-  core  and  oentn.-  of  it  by  his  Mnlcer,  tliat  man  wait  not  made  tlie 
property  of  nian  ;  that  Iiuidbii  puni-r  is  a  (riut  Tor  human  beoefil :  aiMl 
thai  when  it  liabuiti-d,  rereiige  beeoiiiesJuBliee,  if  DU4  the  boundeti  dniy 
nf  the  tttjureil.  Thete^  my  lords,  wen?  the  caoaei  why  th«>u  people 
roM." 

The  bllowhig  are  the  conclndii^  MDUncea  of  the  peroratfeiiii  "  in 
which."  luys  .Mr  Moore,  "(kilfnllyand  without  appearance  of  iJeaign, 
it  n  onalrlved  that  the  uime  tort  of  appeal  to  the  purity  of  Ilrjliiih  Jus- 
tice, with  wliidi  the  omlion  opencal,  ihimlil,  like  the  rrpetilinii  of  n 
■olemn  alrain  of  muiie,  recur  at  its  elove, — Iriivliig  in  the  mii)d:c  of  (he 
judge*  ft  cnmpoied  and  euneuiitratcd  fceltn|(  of  ilic  great  public  duly 
tlivy  hod  to  perforin,  in  decidiii|{  upon  ihe  arruignuietil  u(  guiti  bruugitt 
before  them.  The  court  of  direCTurs,  ii  appeared,  had  ordered  uii  in. 
quiry  into  the  conduct  of  ihc  Bcfjums,  with  a  rlew  lo  the  restiluliun  uf 
tiicir  property,  if  It  »liould  appear  (hat  ike  charge*  agaitut  them  weru 
unfounded ;  hut  to  ibii  proeeediiig  Mr  Hastinga  objected,  on  the  ground 
that  ll>e  Begnms  themtelTes  had  not  called  (or  (ueb  inlerfurcDcc  in  ihrir 
bronr,  and  that  it  wiu  ioconiiitent  with  the  '  m«je»ty  of  justice'  to  con* 
deaceod  lo  roluntevr  her  (ervice*.  The  pompous  and  jeauitical  »ty[c 
in  which  thb  singular  doctrine  is  eipreaaed.  In  a  letter  addressed  by 
iho  goreraor-tfCDeral  to  Mr  Maqdienoii.  Is  thus  iBgenlonaly  tuned  to 
Bt-eouul  by  die  onUor,  in  winding  op  kie  masterly  ■MtencM  to  «  dose: 
'  And  now,  before  I  come  to  ihe  tatt  magniflcent  paragraph,  let  me  call 
the  altenlion  of  those  who,  [lOMiUy,  think  thpfnsclvcs  capable  of  judg- 
ing of  the  dignity  Moi  character  of  jualwe  in  this  coiinliy : — let  mc  call 
Ihe  attcotioB  of  those  who,  arrogantly  porhap*.  prranme  that  Uiey  un- 
detMuid  wkU  the  featun-n,  wttni  the  ilulin  of  juitice  are  here  and  in 
India  t—lH  tbom  learn  n  leuon  from  this  great  Kaloinan,  this  enlarged, 
thu  liberal  pfailosophor:  "  I  hopo  I  sball  not  dejKin  frum  the  simplicity 
of  oHleial  language  in  saying  that  the  mijjtsty  of  juitice  ought  to  bn 
ai^roached  wii}i  inlieitalioo,  not  descend  to  provoke  ur  intilc  il,  much 
leM  lo  deboac  itself  by  the  suggestion  of  wrotigs  and  the  proiaiae  of  re* 
drCM  with  the  dcnunciatioD  of  punishment  before  trial.  UmI  etvii  beforo 
ae«isalion."  This  i*  the  cxhorlatiun  which  .Mr  Haslinga  nakee  to  bis 
counsel ;  ibis  b  the  character  which  he  gi*(-s  of  British  justice.  But  I 
will  ask  your  lordslnp*.  do  yon  approve  tliis  representation?  Do  yoa 
feel  that  this  is  ibe  true  image  of  justice?  i*  this  Iho  character  of  Bri- 
lisJi  jnclicv?  Are  ihoec  her  leaiures?  Is  ihi*  her  countenance?  Is  this 
her  gait  or  her  mien  ?  No,  I  think  even  now  I  hear  you  calling  upua 
nic  to  luni  from  this  vile  libel,  thi*  baw  cnrieatare,  this  lixKan  {logod. 


17S  rOLITIC.VL  SEKIU. 


IS.. 


wrib  the  Daiional  btt,  «h«(i,  prc'siiiit;  u  (he  txlfciacj  ciay  be,  the  bani 
■a*k  of  iqiMeiiDg  the  monoy  fmm  th«  pockMs  ot'  an  iupoTerUbed  pro- 
pie,  from  the  toiL  the  dniflgiiry  of  the  »aivcrinz  poor,  uiut  make  the 
nuMt  praeuaeil  collector'*  heart  ache  while  be  uan  it  train  them— caa 
it  bf,  that  people  of  hizh  rank,  and  profeKsio  j  ti:-zh  ptia-'iplti,  that  they 
'ir  their  Ikmilies  thoald  M?ek  lo  thrtie  oa  the  tpiiU  ui  misery,  anii   fat- 
fn  OD  the  meab  wTe«t<<J  from  indiuirioiu  pOTer:y  ?     I'^ui  it  be,  that 
(hs  ihonlil  he  the  tat*  with  the  Ttry  pervm.-*.  «ao  Mate  tiie  ODprece- 
ilenied  peril  of  the  eoantry  ai  the  tule  caoje  ot'  their  btic^  found   ia 
the  ministerial  rank»?     The  cio^tirntioD  a  in  danger,  religion  u  in 
•IaDZ)>r.  the  very  F^i.-:ei:re  of  the  f:a::ua  ibH-lf  ia  rtniaDzered :  all   per* 
midbI  and  party  roTuider^iioo*  bu;^iit  [<>  i:uii:ia  :  the  *ar  must  br   sup- 
ported by  every  poii^ible  e\frti.>n.  a.-.ii  iiy  e»ery  poMiiile  ucri6ce  ;  the 
people  ma*t  not  nurmtir  it  their  bnnlem,  it  br  ^r  their  «aIt-ation,  their 
all  b  at  rtjke.     The  tiice  a  conf.  when  ail  hoaesi  and  dbiaterevted 
men  should  rally  roac'l  the  t;iruDe  as  roBnd  a  standard; — for  what? 
yp  honest  and  dBnartn^teii  st^-  to  rtfriie.  lor  \ouro«n  prime  cmolu- 
■n^nt.  a  poniou  of  those  rery  LUr^  wms"  from  the  people,  oa  the  pre- 
tence of  MTins  ihrffl  fiT'Gi  the  poverty  aaJ  distrcsi  which  ^oa  uy  tha 
eDemy  woa!iI  isjicr.  unt  which  yi>a  take  nre  no  eneiDy  shall  be  aUe 
to  ac'jraTate.     Oh  '.  >^ame  *  »bame  '.  a  this  a  lime  for  $clfifb  intrignea, 
ar.d  the  l::t!e  dirty  tragic  ^r  lucre  and  ^oioluiccr.E?     Doe*  it  Buit  the 
honour  of  a  trencienua   to  a»k  at  *^cb  a  moment?      Ooa  it  becone 
the  honesty  of  a  minister  lo  erant  r     1*  it  intecdrd  to  cootinn  the  per> 
nic.'oiis  ditotrine.  to  induiirioo^Iy  prorairatetl  by  nijoy.  that  all   publie 
nifn  are  imposiors.  and  that  t^Ti-ry  poliiician  has  bU  price?     Or  cr«a 
where  tberv  i*  co  principle  in  ihe  bo»oni.  why  doe$  not  prudence  hint 
to  the  mercenan-  and  the  >'ain  to  abstain  a  while  at  leaft.  and  wait  the 
litliD^  of  the  timt'^  ?      IntprocidcDt  impatience  '.      Nay.  even  from  tboae 
who  tcea:  to  have  no  direct  object  of  ottice  or  protit.  what  ta  the  lan- 
];iia^  which  their  aclioDS  fpeak  ?    The  ilirune  U  in  danger !— ^  we  will 
>uppon  the  throne  :  but  let  us  share  the  smiles  of  royally  ;" — the  onl*r 
of  nobility  is  in  dai)c<-r! — •  I  will  fight  for  nobility,'  says  the  viMOuot, 
■  but  my  zeal  woulil  be  much  fn^-aler  it  I  were  made  an  earl.'     ■  Rotus 
all  the  marquess  within  me,'  exclaims  the  earl,  '  and  the  peerajre  nercr 
turned  forth  a  more  undaunted  champion  in  its  cause  than  I  shall  prare.' 
'  Stain  my  preen  riband  blue,*  cries  out  the  illustrious  knight,  'and  the 
fountain  of  honour  will  have  a  fast  and  faithful  sen-ant-'     What  are  tbe 
people  to  think  of  our  sincerity  ? — What  credit  are  they  to  give  to  onr 
professions? — Is  this  system  to  be  persevered  in?     Is  there  nothing 
that  whispera  to  that  right  honourable  ^otleman  that  the  crisis  ia  bw 
liig,  that  the  times  are  too  gigantic,  to  be  ruled  by  the  little  hackoejed 
mid  evcry-day  moans  of  ordinary  corruption?" 

Mis  JK'coitd  f:rcat  appearance  in  this  session  was  in  the  month  of  May. 

when  callfd  upon  to  reply  in  the  Begum  charge.     "  It  was  naual,  on 

*'-'-se  occasions,"  cays  Mr  Moore,  "for  the  manager  who  ppoke  lo  be 

ted  by  one  of  his  brother  managers,  tihnsc  task  it  was  to  cany  the 

lutt  mntaincd  his  papers,  and  lo  read  out  whatever  minutea  mi^it 

ferred  to  in  the  course  of  the  argument     Mr  ^licliael  Attgelo 

r  was  the  pcrmin  who  undertook  thi^i  otHce  fur  Sheridan  ;  but.  on 

Mnii^  of  (he  ppccch,  upon  his  asking  for  the  bag  that  he  waa  lo 

be  w«  told  i>y  Shcridnn  that  there  was  none — neither  bag  nor 


Pnnc]  RICIIAIID  ■RINSLST  ttieKtDAV.  t79 

)ia)K'r«.  Ttipy  miiit  maDagi;,  Itc  taii),  a^  well  u  ihpy  cnulil  witliuul 
ihi-m  >— aud  wfapn  tlic  [inpera  were  cnIM  for,  liii  friond  inu6l  only  put 
the  best  eouiit«i«nc(r  he  could  apoii  it.  As  for  hintsHf,  '  lie  »outd 
abme  Ned  Law — ridicule  l'lun»r'»  long  oral ion»— make  tho  court  Inugh 
^-ptraM  the  wom«^n,  nnd,  in  abort,  with  Inytor's  aid,  would  get  iri- 
nmpbutly  throiigli  hti  inxk.'  H'n  opening  ol'  the  caso  wu  liitmcfl  to 
with  ibe  prorounitnrt  ourniion ;  but  vhcn  he  come  to  contrast  tlic  en- 
fhw»  or  tho  commnni  with  llut  ntldiicei)  hj  lla*tings,  it  wa*  not  long 
hdbra  thv  ehancHlor  interrupted  him.  with  •  nqwrt  that  the  printed 
■MBUtc*  to  nhirli  he  rvfcrml  ahould  be  read.  Sheridan  •iMwerciJ  that 
hi*  fricniJ  Mr  Tajlor  iroutd  rend  ihrin ;  nnd  Mr  I'nylor  aSi^cied  to  tend 
tar  Ihc  bng.  nliilu  the  orntnr  bcf^frd  leave,  in  the  mean  lime,  to  pro- 
oecd.  Again,  huwcvi-r,  liii  utoiemeBt*  rcn<lerM)  a  reference  to  the 
niinatc^  m-ectMuy,  iind  i^ain  he  uiw  interrupted  by  the  chancellor, 
ohile  an  outcry  aftvr  Mr  Sberidatii  hag  wax  raised  in  nil  direcliOBi. 
At  lint  tbr  blame  was  laid  <io  the  «>tiiTitor*i  ctvrk — tiieii  a  nicMcuger 
wa*  ila|alvh«l  to  Mr  Shvridan'i  house.  In  the  mean  lime  the  orator 
wa<  inuceedtDf;  brilliautly  and  auecis^olly  iu  hb  argument,  and,  oti 
aome  Ttirlber  inlerrupiioti  aiul  exputttulaiiun  fruui  the  chancellor,  rnitcd 
lii«  voice  aRd  atfal.  In  a  digniUcd  luue,  '  On  tlic  part  of  tlie  couiinoii*, 
8Dd  as  B  muiBgtr  of  lliin  inijHacbuient,  I  slull  crunduct  tuy  cmc  a>  I 
tUak  proper.  I  mean  lo  be  correct :  aud  your  turdUii|»,  hiivitiK  tlic 
printed  tninute*  before  you,  will  oAcrwards  see  wheiher  I  am  ii>;ht  or 
wrong.*  Uuring  the  bustle  producod  by  tin  inquirJea  aflcr  thi.-  ba|;, 
Air  Fox,  alunn^  nt  ibe  inconveoienoo  whiclt,  he  feared,  lli«  want  of  it 
miglil  oecosioo  to  Sbei^djiD,  ran  up  froin  the  managers'  room,  aud  db- 
mBnded  eagerly  (he  oan«  of  tlija  niutak«  from  Mr  Taylor;  who,  hiding 
hi*  raoutb  with  bia  baud,  whi»|iered  liln,  {in  a  lone  of  which  they  alone 
who  liaie  heard  thia  gODtlemao  relate  Ibc  ane«tlote  can  fed  the  full 
Jiumour.)  'The  man  lIh  bo  bag  I'  Tbc  whole  of  thin  churaeteriaiie 
cotitritmce  was  cvideutly  Inlendetl  by  Sheridan  lo  raise  that  sort  nt 
aurpria^  at  the  readiueaa  of  hi*  rceuureca.  which  it  wun  the  favourite 
triuin|ili  of  hi*  vanity  to  create.  I  have  it  on  the  authority  of  JMr 
William  &nj'lbe,  lliat,  previously  lo  the  detivery  of  this  speteh,  lu! 
paascd  two  or  lliive  ilajs  alone  ai  Wanstead,  to  occupied  from  niorniug 
till  night  in  wriling  and  ri-ading  of  paper*,  as  to  cuniplaiu  in  the  cren> 
inga  that  he  ■  hod  molea  before  hit  eyes.'  This  wixluiv  of  real  labour 
with  apparent  cartleasneaa  wwr  initM-d,  one  of  tbe  most  curious  features 
of  hia  life  aiMl  eharueter." 

WbcD  Fox  ami  his  vlliereul*  aoce^letl  from  parlinoienl,  Sheridan  did 
not  altogether  absent  hinisi'lf  from  ibo  houae.  lie  even  spoke  with  so 
inueb  loyally  ou  the  inutinj'  queilioo  that  rumour*  of  his  approach  I  iig 
seporiUiou  IVoia  Fox  were  ciretdutcdi  hot  lie  adbend  unAinehingly  lo 
his  parly  evrn  in  tlie  face  of  overture*  frotii  tbc  king  nnd  bis  minulers. 

In  1799  he  once  more  resumed  hi*  literary  lubit*.  anil  brought  out 
the  fjiletidiil  and  jiopulur  play  of  ' Piurro.'  Uing  a  recait  of  Kitl/cbue'a 
)>(ay  of  the  soino  uanic,  of  which  hit  friend  Lewis  had  funiidivd  bint 
wilh  a  IrnMlalion. 

When  ifao  I-'ox  and  tirvnviUe  parties  eoalotcnl  and  canic  into  |iowcri 
Shitridan  obtained  lite  treaiurrrship  of  the  luiTy,  but  do  scot  in  the 
eabiiK'l.  lie  eoiisidcri'il  himself,  aitd  justly,  Iu  have  been  nngralcfatly 
treated  on  this  occaHVn,  bul  hia  [wcuniary  ni;ce»si(ir>  rnnpeUed  him  Iu 


teo 


VLITtCAI.  S8lt1E». 


JXtKTM 


spccpl  r>r  ni)  tnf<;ni>r  uflioi*.  On  ihp  <l««th  af  Vox,  SlicrJclan  blood  tor 
Wc.KmitisU-r  aiitl  was  triuiiipliaolly  elected ;  but  in  1807  lie  ww  un- 
srntcsl,  aril]  oblif-i-J  to  si-rk  hi*  ri'ttirn  from  lleheetcr,  «)iic)i  borough  he 
reprr«rnli'ti,  in  conjtinclioD  willi  Mr  A.  Taylor,  in  ilic  two  following 
p.iriinmrnU. 

Oil  Ihr  1f4th  or  prUruary,  IR(H),  Dniry  I.ani!  tlieuru  was  conniincil 
by  firv.  'Vht  bUxc  illiiniirmli-il  tlic  limisr^  of  nonnnam.  niitt  saiiio  of  tha 
inembpn  propnitod  an  adjourn mf.'iit  in  romplimcnt  to  Shrridiui ;  hs  op- 
poied  the  motion,  )Kw«ror,  «h<rrvirig  that  private  calamity  oagfat  not 
to  be  allowed  to  inl^fTllpt  public  nii<l  nationnl  huiiiK^u,  but  mod  after 
quilled  the  home  and  pme^^'dt^d  lownriU  tlin  kviic  of  tlcvaatotiai). 
iNndiog  all  efforts  tiopclcw  he  roliml  to  thi;  Vutxxa  colFM-lionM!,  when 
be  ordered  some  refrcttinicnt,  and  on  «  frir«d  remarking  that  be  bore 
hia  mbrorluiic  with  the  cftlmncus  of  a  phitn»opliiT.  Ii*  roplicd,  "  A  ■»)) 
may  suffly  be  Bllo>vr>l  to  Inkc  ■  glnu  of  vino  by  his  own  fircaidc!" 
In  (lie  montli  of  July,  in  the  unmc  year,  he  nlt<-n4lMt  ilic  iDftallaiion  of 
Grenville  as  chancellor  of  Oxford.  It  wm  intciidrii  to  ctmtw  an  hon- 
orary dejiTce  upon  him,  but  two  ma'leni  nlijrcled  to  thn  norainatioit, 
and  could  not  be  won  over.  On  Iii"  Bpprnrani'r,  howrvw,  in  the  iInj- 
atre,  eliere  «as  an  unnnimoiu  cry  of  "  Slioridan  anioog  the  dodora  I" 
— in  comptianiv  with  which,  »oys  Moons  "  !■«  u'w  pawwd  to  the  wtni 
oceupicd  by  the  Itonomry  gnuinate*,  and  Hit,  in  iinrobeit  diitinciion 
nmoni;  them,  during  iho  wbole  of  tbc  ceremonial." 

On  the  paMiDg  of  the  Regency  bill,  in  1811,  Shcrklan  alt<:iid«d  a 
council,  at  wliiclj  he  \tM  the  only  person  not  of  the  blood-royal.  Tbv 
arrangements  finally  adopted  by  the  regent  were  certainly  couaieitsnoed 
if  not  i^xpressly  adviised  by  Shmdan.  and  both  Lord*  Ur«y  and  Gren- 
vjtle  did  not  hesitate  lo  expreM  their  mispiclon  of  his  ind^jtrily. 

In  IdlS  he  made  Iiis  last  speech  In  poilloioent,  apon  hin  own  motion 
relative  lo  overtures  of  peace  from  France.  Oti  the  diwolutiou  of  par- 
iiatnent  in  the  month  of  Septciuher,  in  that  year,  he  became  *  candi- 
date for  the  rfprcsciilHlion  of  Stafford,  bm  fikik-d,  Frooi  this  period 
hh  life  wus  sptnt  under  a  hrdiy  cloud;  liis  pecuniary  nd'aini  were 
wretched  in  tlu'  exln-uje  ;  and  hia  habits  of  diiaipalion  liecnnM^  con- 
iiruicd,  More  than  once  he  wai  arrested  for  debt,  and  only  relieved 
from  Iht  spunking -iLOUse  by  llnf  intcrreretiee  of  a  few  frieinU  that  still 
Stood  by  him  in  bis  adversity-  In  the  nntntli  of  Jnne,  IBIO,  hi*  con- 
atituliun  waa  comph'tely  broken  up  by  di^cnsr  in  the  stomneh.  He 
died  on  Sunday  the  7th  of  July,  und  was  burii-J  on  the  1,1th  in  Wr«l- 
niintler  abbey.  The  dukes  of  B<'(!ford  and  Arj-ylc,  the  oorti  of  Lau- 
derdale and  Muljjrave,  liie  hird-hishop  of  I.oodon,  and  I-ord  Holtand, 
acted  as  palMu'ari'm,  mid  n  vn-<t  army  ul'  nnk  and  Latent  graced  the 
fnnCTnl.  "  Wlnirc  were  they  all,"  iniguin-s  bis  elofjnent  biographer, — 
"  these  royal  and  noble  persom,  who  now  crowded  to  '  panake  th< 
gale*  of  Sheridon'*  glory:  where  were  they  all,  while  any  lilt  rcmainml 
in  him  ?  Wlicrie  were  they  all,  but  a  few  n-oe1c«  belijrc,  when  tireir  in- 
tcrpoailion  might  have  iinvcd  hii  heart  IVom  break ing,^-or  when  iho 
xcnl,  nnw  wasted  on  the  grave,  might  hare  soothed  and  comforted  the 
deaih-bed?  Thi*  i>  a  subject  on  which  H  is  dilHcnlt  to  speak  with 
patience.  If  the  man  wn»  unworthy  of  the  commoner  offices  of  human- 
ity nhilc  he  lived,  why  nil  (liif  parade  of  regret  and  lionmge  over  h»t 
tvaib? 


"^^ 


fMIM.)  HtCIIAnO  nUIMSLST  >MUIII>AK,  ISI 

"  Tlitrr  apjiMirril  *atnc  vtT*f*  at  llir  time,  nliicli,  howi^rr  inten)|)eiv 
ale  Id  tlicir  uilitv  aiid  murlda  iii  Uu^ir  style,  rainr,  cviilcnlly,  warai 
fracii  till.-  hmn  of  the  u-ritrr,  snil  ('riiiUiiu^l  irridmrnU  to  whicb,  eTen 
ill  lib  cooler  Biomniti,  he  nccUii  out  iK-silalr  to  Hibxtribe : 

'  CHli  it  urkant  Ibc  heart  to  w*  bgiMni  •«  hollow. 

Aoti  trinniMft  to  him  io  tlM  yrtal  and  high-ljoni  ;— 
To  lliink  olul  t  Innjc  l>n«  of  l>ll«i  mif  Ibllow 
Tl»  nlirt  <ir  him  wtin  ilM,  IVidnillta*  tml  lam  ! 

'  Uow  frouJ  thv}  on  pr**i  to  IIh>  funnnil  irnif 

orhlm  wham  ttaj  tbunn'd  in  b[i  •ickiios  ■nH  (smiw— 
llox  lailin  may  mIm  hh  lot  hluikot  <i>-<Ib)'< 
Wbow  |i4ll  ihill  bo  ImIU  ap  Iqi  nofalM  la-morniM  T 

Tlic  tnonjniinu  writer  tb»  cfaaracterixM  the  Ulenta  of  Sfacrid^i : 

■  Wu  Ihli  Uinn  iIhi  fdw  iif  thai  hi){h-f  ilYnil  nun. 

The  prida  of  lb*  ptJiuvt  tba  bover.  anil  iIm  hall — 
The  of*Mr,  ibamMlal.  minitnly— wliu  ran 
Tfafougli  cu-'h  mwle  of  dm  l)r«,  anil  m»  nuili>r  of  all  T 

'  WImwi  mind  wu  an  matmer,  rnnipnnndKl.  *tih  art. 
From  lh«  Bnoat  amt  btM  of  all  (lOrfV  maciV  iionvn  i 
Vilio  tulad.  lika  >  Hiurd,  Ihe  lautlil  nf  Ilia  hoan. 

And  oouU  call  up  iu  HintliliiL-,  ur  dnti  du«a  iu  <h<imn ; — 

'  Whn*  bonmiT,  m  fsj-  aa  tb*  llr»-fl)rV  ligtat, 

Piaj'd  ronmJ  atary  nbjarl,  and  ahooa  ai  it  pUi'd ; — 
n'buaa  itit«  in  Oik  fomtiaL  aa  ifrnllir  aa  1>rj|£lit. 
Ko'ot  carrjad  a  hoarl-ataia  awaj  uo  iU  blailo- 

WhoM  ntoqucinoai  brisUasiof  whateivt  It  Iried. 

Wbelbar  towda  orMnev,  tba  in)'  or  tba  (raiir. 
Vm  aa  nfrid,  w  4Mpi  «w  m  bfAllanl  a  ild«. 

Aa  atar  botv  Piaadow  •loft  oa  In  mra  r  " 

DoflbtluM  tlirre  wu  Iao  mudi  oeroNOn  BlfimlL''l  for  llii-««  retir<weli4'«; 
bat  wa  thiuk  Mr  Mooro  hna  bcon  tomrwhot  iiiilixriiniiiate  iii  In*  cborgei 
agaiiwt  Shoridui'f  i|UoniIain  frirad*.  Jn  llic  6O1I1  No,  of  llie  '  Qawtu-rly 
HriripiF,'  aa  mculpitoiy  (kfcnoe  i*  olTcivit  or  the  roodaot  of  at  \etM 
one  illuacriout  pcTvwagK  to  Shcniltn ;  and  liic  Gdisliargb  reviewer  of 
Sberidoji'a  Ufe  eonSnns  the  (tntrRicnl  in  its  nialn  point*;  Mr  Moore 
too  auKbl  to  have  rerocmberrj  that  .SboriHao'a  beliAvioiir  liad  lu  rariy 
oi  161 1  dbfiuucil  not  a  lev  of  hi*  isrliot  nnd  atsuticlinit  frirnik,  wbilv 
bis  ooodnet  in  *ab«ec|uciil  yarn  wa»  io  do  respect  aucfa  at  ki  regaia  for 
him  tbeir  confidpnee. 

Sfaendaa  bo*  been  prom lu need,  by  more  ihaa  one  |>arly  abl<!  to  tinui 
■■  nliiBOte  of  bb  aiuguUr  ebnracU'r,  u  mere  political  adrcniurcr.  Mr 
ftloorc  ebimtt  Tor  hint  a  hi|cl>er  title.  "  If,"  ny  be.  "  to  n-atcli  otcr 
the  righL*  of  tlio  *uUji-cl,  nnd  Ku^nl  >beni  ugainitl  the  i.-neroiiclimcata  of 
pou-eri  bci  eveD  in  uife  and  onJiiiury  tiniL-a.  a  la»k  full  of  uwfulnvia  aiitl 
hofioiir,  bow  niucb  more  gturinuii  lo  bnve  Mood  avnlinel  over  the  tarae 
wared  tniM.  ihrou^h  a  period  so  trying  m  that  with  which  Sli«ridnn 
had  lo  *tni|igle— when  libctly  ittelf  had  beeoitu'  lui-peeli'd  mid  unpopu- 
br — when  nulliorily  liail  aucecodcd  in  i<lentit'yiii^'  (uilriolUm  with  trra- 
MMi,  and  ulien  the  <iew  retnailitBg  and  drarnnl  fririida  of  freedom  wrro 
redoeol  lu  lakir  llieii  slnud  011  a  numiiiiii|;  iailiiiius  Iwlwrrit  anorrby 
00  uuc  silk  nud  tlie  magty  iiicunjont  «r  jiowcr  ihi  llir  mlicr.    Hvw 


1S3  pol[T:c.\l  iESIES.  tKi*** 

nianfullv  be  nuiauhieii  LU  zTKHicd  ia  a  pouiioti  lo  critical,  the.  unub 
or  Enjiaad  anil  of  tbc  cliampiocu  of  hpr  MttiHilution  viU  long  twti^. 
The  truly  Datiooal  spi.-i:.  icol  «i:b  vLich,  when  tbat  Mmgg^e  wu  pal. 
and  tlie  i]an:;ers  to  libertv  fn>tB  wi'.LiKa  tt^nxd  greater  than  mny  Iraa 
wilhio,  he  furgoi  all  i^a^t  •!:;.>: re ^^f«  in  ibe  ooe  common  cause  of  E^ 
li.Oiniea.  aad,  vbile  o:hcn  *g>T^  but  ihe  left  band  to  tbc  coudIij,' 
proffered  her  both  vf  hi*,  jtampeil  i  r-;^!  oriiiicFritr  on  liU  public  es>> 
tluet.  which,  Id  ibe  «\<i  of  i.i  £::^li:iJ.  aathentirated  it  ■•  genniM 
pairiotisnt.  To  it'^^  I'wn  r^r'J-  '-  -'  '"-'■■  his  coailuct  prese-ntt^d  a  tkj 
ditTen-ot  phasU;  and  If  implicit  p'.r'.lvir.^bip  were  the  cole  merit  of  ■ 
put>lic  maD,  his  mov<;nicat«.  at  il>>  a::i  other  juncture*,  were  br  bn 
indepcDdeni  3^1  uiih3n)t:j.ied  tJ  Iiy  iliiia  u  iu  But,  how^rer  omM 
may  be  the  b»nd  of  party,  thtrc  ^r-  . .-iM.-ioa«  that  superKtle  it;  aad, 
in  all  »ucb  deviatior.j  frj::i  t!.e  f.J-.!L:y  sLich  it  enjoins,  the  two  qM»- 
tioni  to  be  asked  are — wiri  i.::\.  li  fijiniiJ  trie  public,  right?  wfft 
llit-y,  u  regarded  the  i:;:iii;j^jl  i.liiiKlf,  i^cp^jreiuMd ?  To  the  foniter 
(]ue>tiiin.  ID  the  iuftjir.oe  o>'  >:.(::'i^r..  il.v  nnoie  country  responded  'm 
the  atlirmaiive ;  aud  to  iLe  U:!er.  l.ii  ..ccv'^at  vith  the  treasury,  fro* 
lir$t  to  last,  ii  a  siirhiiait  a;.>'»ir.  Kirtu,  IiOHirer,  on  the  score  of 
liilciiiy  to  pany.  wl»:i  ve  rcCi.'i!>..i  tl^^t  bt-  oioriL:  ti^aD  oace  submittol 
to  some  of  the  vont  niar*.yr<lou:^  nbich  it  inipofe» — that  of  sharing  is 
the  ri':'ponsibi!ity  of  oplnloris  fruui  u  liicii  ut  yl.^ricv.lK'i,  and  fufferiog  I7 
the  ill  conseqiii  ucis  ul'  measurfci  against  «  hicb  he  hid  protected  ; — vbca 
«e  call  to  miud.  too.  that  duriuj  the  aimiaifiraticii  of  Mr  AddingUa. 
though  aiireeing  trhully  niih  the  Dilui^try  and  diiLTiu|!  with  the  vtiigi, 
lie  vvtu  then  refuK-d  10  prutit  by  a  pMiitin  «o  faiourable  to  his  inie- 
risus  and  submitted,  liLe  cenaiu  n !: jionisis.  from  a  point  of  bonanr, 
to  sutfcr  for  a  faith  in  which  In'  liiJ  i.ut  Lciieve — it  seems  impossible 
not  to  euneede  that  even  to  the  ub!i.-a[ioDS  of  party  he  was  as  bitUol 
ill-  cojid  be  es^ji-CIi-'d  from  a  spirit  ll.at  so  far  oulgrc*  its  limits,  9ad, 
in  l>aying  the  tai  of  tidt-lity  while  he  asserted  tlii;  freedom  of  diMflil. 
showed  that  he  could  sacrifice  ever^-  thing  to  it,  except  bis  opinioik 
Through  all  these  occasional  variations,  100.  he  remained  a  j^i  aiiiw 
whig  to  the  last ;  and,  as  I  have  htard  one  of  hi<  own  party  bsfqMlj 
i-xprcss  it,  was  'like  pure  gold,  that  chanirts  colour  in  the  fire*  bit 
comes  out  unaltered.'  The  transaction  in  lt>l^,  relative  to  the  hoaae- 
hutd,  was,  as  I  have  already  said,  (be  least  defensible  part  of  his  pabiie 
life.  But  it  should  be  recollected  how  broken  he  was,  both  in 
and  body,  at  that  period ; — his  resources  from  the  theatre  at  an 
the  khrlter  of  parliament  about  to  be  taken  from  over  his  head 
and  old  age  and  sickness  coming  on,  as  every  hope  and  comloTt 
ishcd.  In  that  wreck  of  all  around  him,  the  Iriendsh'rp  of  Carltoa-t 
was  the  last  asylum  left  to  bis  pride  and  his  hope ;  and  that  even  dNr> 
acter  itself  rhould,  in  a  loo  lealous  moment,  have  been  one  of  the  sacri- 
fiees  offered  up  at  tbc  ihrine  that  prolecled  him,  is  a  subject  more  td 
deep  regret  than  of  wondc-r.  The  poet  Cowley,  in  speaking  of  the  a>- 
proilucliveuess  of  those  pursuits  cunnvcicd  with  wit  and  fancy,  aa>s 
Ih  autifully ; 

'  Wbelc  tucb  hirirt  once  liaie  ilincol,  DD  fnu  will  cttr  grov ;' 

liiii,  iiiifiirtnnatcly,  thorns  will  (:ruw  there  ; — and  he  who  walks  unstead- 
ily sman;;  such  Ihurun  as  nuw  be»et  the  unce  enchanted  path  uf  Sbcri- 


PnwkJ 


MICIIAHtl  BRINSLSr  SIIBIIIDAM. 


183 


(Ian,  oMgbt  not,  lUirr  all,  to  br  very  scvcrrly  criiielwd."  This  it  a 
gnirroiM  us  wril  s*  iiif;efiii>u«  npalujtijr  for  the-  vrrore  of  tlie  tiuu ;  but 
it  Kill  not  «a»i*fy  ct«ry  on«.  MU  liiCTarr  lueriUi  lioir«ver>  ans  much 
tM»  qii€«lioiiable.  He  *taiid«  at  tlie  licad  ot  tbe  genteel  commly  of 
EaglmiMli  "and  wliil<'  trmh  of  churactCT ami  iiMuinen,~-ebMttt«d  brit- 
lianci;  of  wit, — Iiuiuour  devoid  of  tbe  l«asl  Mala  of  eoaneaeu, — eiqut- 
lite  knnnln^o  of  Mag^-oSbeti— Bfld  cooinmmatc  c*!i?  sod  elegance  of 
iilioRiallc  laii{tiia)!o  lire  appreciated,  iherc  can  be  do  doubt  that  Ibe 
nmni!  ofSb^-riilnn  will  tiiniitloin  it«  place."' 

In  coriy  lil«  Sheridan  was  geii«r«lly  accounted  handfome;  ho  was 
ntbirr  above  tlir  middlr  iiize,  and  well-proporlioneti.  lib  vyet  wore 
blitck,  briltinnl,  nml  porticuUrly  cxpiVMive:  Sir  Joahua  UeynoldA,  wbo 
painted  his  jinrtrnit.  i*  »nid  to  have  nfflnned,  that  their  pupib  were 
larRer  than  thnue  of  any  liuiBflD  being  be  liad  orcr  met  nitb.  They 
reUiiieit  their  beniity  to  tbe  loxt :  but  the  lower  part  of  hii  face  cxIittK 
iled,  in  hii  taller  ye*T%,  the  uxual  rlfect*  of  inttinjieFaiiee.  Hi*  nrnui 
were  strong,  oiid  his  hands  small  niid  delicate  Ou  a  cast  of  one  of 
theto,  liie  following  coupld  is  slated  lo  liave  bnm  n-ntten : 

•■  Goal  al  ■  t(til,  Ull  ticllci  si  ■  ^j  ; 
Godliks  in  glTIng i  bul  the  daiil  tajajr" 

Fort  was  bis  favouriti-  wine;  it  (|uii-lci-iird,  be«aid.  tbe  ciraitnlion  nnd  the 
boey  together;  and  hcalfimicd  lie  seldom  spoke  lu  bisonn  saliifnction 
UDlil  afk«r  be  lud  taken  a  couple  of  butlti-s  of  ibis  vriii<>.  Walkini  n*lulrt, 
thai,  ooe  cvcnlnfi,  a  person  in  the  Exche()tter  colFei'^huuiie  uliserved  a 
[;vn[l4.'inati  wbo  bad  n  uuinber  of  pupem  before  hiia,  after  Inking  Uv, 
empty  a  dr<«DltY  of  bmndy  into  a  bi^e  glau,  awl  twallow  tbe  contents 
at  a  draught-  Ho  tbeo  galhired  up  his  papers  aiid  hDrried  away.  'I'bo 
^>ectator  tooo  aftcrwanl*  went  into  the  gtdlcry  ot  the  bouse  of  cooiroont, 
where,  to  his  anmHineot,  h«  Iteard  llie  braDdj'-drinkcr, — who  wu 
Sheridan, — dtJiver  a  hmg  ai>d  mnarkably  brUUatit  oration.  He  alao 
needed  the  excitement  of  wine  when  cogged  Id  oomporitkiO'  "  If  mi 
idea  be  reluctojil,"  h«  uould  H>ni«tiiue«  uy,  "a  glaaa  of  port  ripen*  it, 
and  it  bunts  forth ;  if  it  come  freely,  a  glaft*  of  port  is  a  glorious  re- 
ward  for  it."  He  usoidly  wrote  at  night,  with  sercml  caudlva  burnUig 
oruuiid  blm. 

Ho  was  carden,  almost  beyond  crcdenee,  with  regard  to  bla  pri*alo 
aSairs-  He  would  frequently  *ei  uui  un  a  jounivy  uiihout  poascMing 
the  meana  to  eeiaplete  tl|  and  renuin  midway  and  ■  money  •bound,'  lo 
use  bb  oim  pluaae,  at  an  liin,  until  ho  eould  procure  a  remittanoe. 
Wh«ik.  be  «■*  not  iit  Immediate  want  of  ensh,  he  would  llirow  asido 
nolta  MRtainlng  money,  without  evrii  breaking  tlieir  seal.*.  Unopened 
Irltcn,  IncloalDg  cln.-er(ue«>,  were  repeolvilly  found  on  his  tabic  by  the 
tm»ur«r  of  the  Uieatrv,  by  whom  tliey  had  been  long  before  nmitted 
to  ShtrUai),  at  hia  own  urgenl  cnUMty,  1'»  account  for  ihu.  it  b 
snppowd  thai,  prior  to  hb  ncMring  them,  Im^  had  ubloioed  n  supply 
from  Mtno  other  source.  Among  liislaocn  of  bia  inatxontion  to  leUera, 
llic  following  is  inentioncd.  Going  ooc  day  lo  the  baitkiag.houaci 
wbaralwiia*  acoustomMl  to  be  paid  bboalary,  as  receiver  ufCurowall, 
and  «li«rs  they  tomdiBiea  acvommodaied  him  with  iimall  Kitua  bcfon 

'  Qusnerlf  llati**,  raL  uail.  p,  am. 


\ 


\u 


POLITieAL  Mitisa. 


m 

i 


ilia  regnbr  llama  of  pajmrat,  lie  a*Led,  oiiii  all  doe  hamilitjr.  «r 
lk(>  could  oblige  him  with  ibc  kwa  of  iWMly  pomdfc      "  C 
Sir,"  nil!  tba  clerk,  "  would  you  like  any  more — fifty,  or  a  liaiii 
iibvnduif  all   foiilfK  anil  gioliludc,  aiwveretl  (bat  a   huadrrd 
woalcl  br  of  tb«  grcstcst  convcaiaaeo  to  faim-    "  F«rh«|a.  yos 
like  Id  ukc  t«o  bundml,  or  lhr«c  ?"  aul  llie  dnk.     At  cveijr 
of  the  HiDv  lb*  MTpriw  of  tbe  Irorrowrr  iaertaacd.     **  H«re  ut  j«a 
iJien  rccrivad  onr  lMMr?~  nid  the  cl«rfc  ; — «a  whicb  it  turaed  oat  th«, 
in  cwoMqomoc  of  the  filling  in  of  (omc  fine,  ■  fum  of  twelve 
ptmnd*  Iwd  bean  Iftldy  plneci)  to  the  credit  of  live  reoeirer-gcsttttl, 
tlwt,  fioai  ikX  hanng  npra<^  the  Mtrr  nnilen  to  appriae  litn,  Iw 
liMiB  left  in  ignonuioc  of  hi>  good  luck. 

Having  aosiB  important  hroor,  nelatitc  to  tlic  Ibeairo,  to  «olictt 
llic  king,  be  b«ggrd  llir  prince  of  Wolc*  to  procure  him  an  intrtvWv. 
The  prince  promixil  to  do  *o:  and  appoinli<(l  Sticridan  lo  be  at  CaHi^ 
hooar,  preparal  (o  atari  for  Wiodfor  at  a  certain  hour  tlit.-  (uUuwti^ 
flay.  ShnSdu)  OKWiwfaik  went,  wkb  twt)  or  three  fricnda,  tn  tba  tT» 
dmor  of  Miehul  K^'llf,  wbo  wai  abuut  from  tows, — tmoaadtod 
cvlUr, — p«f»ed  tlic  oiglil  in  carouKil, — aoU,  when  tbc  limo  %xrA  itt 
wailJRg  on  tbe  prince  nrrirrd,  be  was  in  bed  ood  nxltvp.  ScKfal  ■ 
awg«n  were  decpotcbed  lo  him  from  Carltowbouie,  who,  howanr. 
conld  nut  prevail  on  him  to  get  up. 

6li*-niUo  «yojed  a,  tnoA  fariUiant  nfputalMn  for  colloquial  wit. 
joculwly  obwrved,  on  one  occaMon,  (o  a  creditor  who  pcrrmptority 
onlnd  pajBiMit  of  Uw  intrrMt  due  ou  a  loiig-flandioK  ilcbt,  "  Mjr 
aiii  you  koow  it  i>  not  my  iatereat  to  pay  the  (irincipal ;  nor  la  it  mr 
prindplc  lo  pay  tlic  iuit^reaL"  Tlie  prince  o(  Wale*,  one  mU  ttiy. 
wmt  into  llrookc'*,  and  called  for  a  gioM  of  bul  bfiwly  ml  wMcr, 
wbtcli  be  rmpticd  at  a  draught,  and  then  ordered  uolbcr.  Alkr  driak- 
ing  tlio  wcondt  and  great  part  of  a  third  Am,  bapulk-d  out  badwrk^ 
aMl  atcliiiaad.  "  Now  I  am  comfortable! — Waiter,  bring  mv  a  rwap 
MMkr'  Sbcridaa,  who  waa  prtsrni,  immcdtatfly  wrote  tho  M\u»'w% 
linea,  ukI  prcacbtcii  llien  to  hi*  royoJ  higbocai : 

Tba  fnwcB  *■■•  In,  **>1  fud  '|«m  cold, 
Tim  pit  lo  hn  IiMil  ihr  roDBM  i 
Till  raillai*  iHrt  vnMnm  caoM, 
Whva  b*  pnNKiaDmd  il  •oamwr. 

lie  ontt  took  adfanl^e  oT  the  itBgular  lore  of  hb  friend  Kiel 
iat  argument  to  evade  p^ment  of  a  litary  coBcli-fare.     Sbtrid  ,^^ 
■•cenplMl  a  hackney -chariot  for  wveral  \>onn,  but  had  not  a  {wn^T 
hia  povkct  to  \wf  tbe  coachman.     Wbtte  in  ihii  diletnma  Hie 
paaMik  Bod  be  imaiediately  uttered  to  take  him  up,  lu  they  opp 
M  go*<lg  in  the  aaoie  dirvciion.     Tbe  otfer  wa«  accepted,  aiMl  i 
adroitly  atarted  k  mlQcet  on  ahieh  ba  knew  hi*  companion  wonM^ 

very  vrhi-meitt  wd  obailnate.     The  >tgun*ent  wa*  iiuintaioc 

grvat  aamiili  oa  both  side*,  until  at  lei^lh  Sheridan  aAwlad  ta 
ba  Irmper,  and  pulliag  tbe  cbeck^atriag,  coianaoded  tlie  ceaekniHi 
IttUa  oat  iiHlanlly,  prutealilg  ihit  ba  woaU  not  tide  anoilier  yard 
*Uk  •  nan  who  l>rM  nucb  opinion*,  tMl  Mipfiorlnl  llwin  in  aucfc  a 
HNaitrr.     So  aayiag,  bv  descended  and  walked  olf,  Irating  ftiebanbon 
to  ogoy  bia  (knclcd  triumph,  and  to  pay  tbc  wliulr  l«rr.     Richardaoa, 


FUIOB.] 


JonK  rtiitroT  cdbham. 


185 


ill  n  puroxyini  uf  ili-li|;I>t  a(  KhcriiUii'i  aiitiarrril  ilrfL-iil,  put  hii  hciul 
(Mil  of  (be  window,  BiiiJ  Ttteib'ratui  hi*  argmnnnU  uolil  he  wai  oat  of 
tight 


3to|)n  $}i)ili)ot  Gurraii 

MMH  A.  a.  IliO.— i>iia*.i>.  lilT. 

Tnit  fimincnt  luwrer  wu  bom  of  hurabhi  pon^nU  nt  Newnurkot,  an 
i)b*cun:  liltlo  vilUjic  in  Uic  omuitjr  of  Cork,  on  ihn  il4th  nf  Jun«,  17&D. 
|(<i  ihui  reliiU«  llic  eirounitUncr*  which  li-iJ  to  hii  nblaining  n  droeot 
tidaeUion.  "  Wh(^  a  boy,  I  wai  one  tiay  |ibyhis  ul  innHiIr«  in  tht 
villagii  iMill-allcy,  ni(ti  a  li>i)il  iHVirt  aiul  *lill  li^hU^r  pankrt.  Th«  g1b« 
ttnd  iho  jctt  wcut  R'liU'  ruuiitl,  whm  ludilcnly  thric  apjicarrd  amoflgat 
u*  a  ftnuigu*  uf  ■  very  miUvLabU.-  and  rlircrial  akpt.-<!( ;  hii  inlrntiioii 
«^  iMil  ibe  least  Katraiut  upuu  our  merry  liuk  a«w^inbljig4! ;  on  the 
oaatnty,  be  Meai«d  pleMwil,  and  mwb  d«>UKhi<-d  i  lie  wm  a  hranvokat 
«r«>atore,  timi  lh«  day*  of  infto^y— «lltr  aJl.  the  happitot  we  ahall  ovar 
H» — pcriiaiw  row  upon  hi*  nteatory.  Goil  blnn  biin  t  I  me  lii*  lino 
ftirm  at  th(^  dUtaiioi:  of  half  B  MOIury,  joM  as  he  stood  be  We  mr  in  the 
littl*  W'tUoy  id  tho  dujri  oi  my  childhood.  Hit  nnnx'  oas  Boyne,  he 
WU  thr  rector  of  Newmarket.  To  me  he  took  a  porltcular  faney.  I 
w)^  vinning.  aixl  wu  (ull  oi'  waggery,  thinhing  overy  thing  that  w«t 
oGcr-nirin,  and  by  ou  maau  >  uu>cr  uf  aij  McoBlridtin*:  evitry-  one  waa 
wdcowo  to  a  ^arc  of  ibcin,  aod  I  had  plenty  to  (^larc,  aftor  baviiig 
firoiglitod  the  company.  Somu  iVMlMeatt  rn«ily  brihad  me  hotne  with 
bin).  I  leatntd  from  (lour  iloy*c  my  alplialx't  and  my  |>raiiiBiar,  and 
Iba  rudiniont*  of  the  rU*«ic>.  Ho  taught  nio  al)  ho  uoidd.  aoil  thvo 
teal  IM  (o  Iho  MhonI  at  MiiLillntQn.     In  •liort,  ho  mad*  a  man  of  nu-." 

Cnnan  having  anjuirud  nl  thL*  ocMlmy  »  T«ry  t»pld  knowledgn  of 
hotli  anrii-at  a|»d  moden  lit«ralurr,  wifiit  on  Iho  16ih  of  Jimc,  1767, 
na  a  liar,  to  Trinity  QaUpgo,  Dublio.  whlofa  lie  cnlarvd  nnder  the  lute- 
in of  Dr  Oobbia.  Here  be  gtuMd  no  diMJuriioa  aavo  that  of  pro- 
ctuiuvot  di*ai>lut<ui(-«>L 

lu  1773  be  wi-iil  to  London  and  liecamo  a  atudfiil  of  tlie  MUldle 
Teoiplu:  ha  kind  frirod.  Dr  Boynr,  allowing  him  a  imall  annaol  •inn 
on  which  to  mainUiii  biintclt'.  In  1774  bv  pot  marrii:d,  niul  in  1775 
bo  nXamcd  to  DuMm,  awl  w»  vallnl  to  the  Irish  bar.  Ilic  iir*i  fi-i> 
of  aay  eo^aenuuncc  wlitoh  lit'  rfc^irvd  was  ibrough  Lord  Kilwnrden'i 
rooommnuUtJon.  *'  |  thvn  livit,"  aaid  lie,  "  upon  lloy-liiU :  my  wiff- 
oiid  oliildren  wotv  the  chivf  furoUurc  of  m^  apanai«ntB,  nad  a*  to  my 
nat  it  Moud  (irtlty  lauch  tbe  Mumi  chance  of  ila  llqotdatioo  «ith  the 
nglioiial  dt'bt.  Mn  Currao,  liowwvcr,  maa  a  barrtaterV  lady,  and  whu( 
»lio  wAnted  in  nealib,  ittu  wwi  well  detOTBiioed  ahoold  be  tappUed  by 
dignity.  l*he  ktuilludy.  on  llvd  otli«r  hai«d,  liad  im  Other  idea  of  any 
grudulion  eacejit  (hat  of  poundo,  ihillinga,  and  peac^  I  walked  out 
ooe  momhig  (o  avoid  the  purjictunl  alti^rcalioaa  a«itlieaal(teoC:  wiihvy 
tUHid  yod  may  imagine  in  no  very  enrinblu  leapei«ni«i^  I  Ml  1*10 
tbr  ghxiBi  to  which)  iVom  my  inlancy,  1  had  bean  oooasloBatly  wljiOC 
I  lutd  a  funtily  for  whom  I  bad  no  dinner,  and  a  landlady  for  wboin  I 
hau  no  rt-ai.     I  had  gone  abroad  in  (liwpoDihiBOCi— I  relumed  lioma 

VII.  '2  A 


alwM  ia  ihnMiiiiii*       Wheti  I  miat^i  aa*  'Uor  ti  wt*  ■■ 

Lxnut  akioe  eomSd  kas«  nmi  i  .ijruy — bm!  ^k  «kfeei 

feaied  inclf  ««  an  mtiiiTMi'  iiiii:   ic  a  ine^  Tmtmn 

wrappnl  vp  be»fe  Lc  teti  zaie  xaoie  ':r-:Mi  B>ia  Lvqof  Mnfad  i^aa  the 

nek  of  it.  and  uu  liiaaer  wm  xm  •oat  li  nj  sivperi^.'*     Sack 

^U  OVD  ^Toonc  0^  ^  [iiii^  ■iiiiiiii  ni^vieecime. 

From  tfab  period  ne  bezaa  racuilT  =  rae  :n  noMnoaal  ^KiHat 
There  «•»  no  cmoM  ia  the  auemcwa  a  jot  smxett  fa  wUefe  he 
not  coocenKd.  nor  w  caer«  %  waan  ji  =w  arq^iaeea  aUck,  at ! 
time  or  other,  he  did  aoc  tjsg  la  i.  KxeiaL  r-oiaer.  Ik  ' 
almost  aiih  erety  oee  m  cn-oecsry  m  abceai^  v  m 
wJrocate ;  for  if  he  failed  is  bcsciiu  i  ,'7:7  an  lypattne  wU  feai 
clieat,  be  St  an  erenn  left  a  ru-iire  :!  i::*  Ji;*enary  hekmd  h 
tamTed  and  emhineKd  t=^  idraiaxs'n  <i  >-.eturT.  Nor  am 
qoence  bb  only  veapoa  :  at  crcw-exiauufca — the  moR  ifii 
bf  br  ibe  auat  haxardo«ii  pan  cf  a  '•aairaoert  crofcjwea — be  ' 
iatmitable.  There  «a*  ao  pun  asira  ae  •iiii  aot  decen. — ao  acb  1 
be  did  sot  diieotangle ;  and  the  asCRaaaie  arecei  abe  1 
aitb  all  tbe  coaUeace  of  pre-eooeerud  perjaTr.  aeTer  failed  ta  : 
before  bim  in  all  tbe  cooftuioa  cf  excufore.  Indeed,  it 
inpowibie  for  tbe  ^iicT  to  oder  a  mcecwrnt  reHfance-  He  i 
he  cajtded, — he  ridicui^d. — he  mimieard- — he  pUjed  off  the 
artilleiyofbictalenBDpoDibe  aiiae*^ — oe  aodd  aifect  eai  ULitat 
triBes  and  levitj  npoa  »abjeets  of  ibe  mot  KrUxn  import, 
IrDgtb  be  tuceeeided  io  creatine  a  fccaritv  ibat  aas  faoL  or  a  i 
(hat  prodaccd  all  the  couMtjiKiiet?  of  ptwaricatioc.  No 
uD&ir  tbe  topic,  he  nertr  failed  to  a*ail  himielf  of  it:  actin;  apM  the 
prindpte,  that  in  laa,  as  vtil  as  in  aar.  cTery  strausem  tm  admiaahle. 
If  beaai  bard  pressed  there  aas  do  peculiahtr  of  p«non.  iiii  liagahiilj 
of  name,  no  eeoentricttr  of  profeMioo.  at  which  h«  voold  oot  ^rmp^— 
trying  to  eonfonnd  tbe  idf-pomcHion  of  the  witnesn  ia  tbe — no  aaMtr 
how  eaeited — ridicule  of  the  audience.  To  a  aimeM  of  tbe  aave  af 
Hal^tennj  he  once  began,  "  Ilalfpeonv,  1  «ee  you're  a  rap,  and  far  that 
muoD  you  iball  be  nailed  to  tbe  couoier '."  "  Hal^nny  is  aleriiu^* 
rictaiinad  the  opposite  counsel.  "No!  no!'  said  be,  "bi'i  1  iillj 
Itke  fata  own  cmtcience,  only  copper-wuhed."  Lnndy  Foot,  the  rrki 
liratcd  lofaacconist,  applied  to  Cnrran  for  a  motto,  ahea  be  first  iHali 
liihcd  bin  carriage.  "  Give  me  one,  my  dear  Carran,*'  nid  he,  **  of  ■ 
■lerioas  ra«t,  b*-caii»e  I  am  afraid  tbe  people  will  langh  at  a  tob^MOoiat 
•etiing  Dp  a  carriage,  and  for  tbe  sebolanbipa  sake,  let  it  be  in  Latin." 
"  I  bare  jost  hit  on  it,"  said  Carrmn, — **  it  ii  cmly  two  words,  LtuMlj, 
and  it  will  at  once  eipUin  jour  profiMsion,  your  eleration,  and  yoor 
rontenpt  for  tbeir  ridicule,  and  il  ha*  the  advaotage  of  being  ia  two 
languages,  {.atin  sr  English,  jut  aa  tbe  reader  diooses, — pot  op  '  Qmid 
etiCu*  upon  your  carriage."  Inquiring  bis  master's  age  Irom  a  bonBO> 
jockey's  servant,  he  found  it  almost  impossible  to  extract  an  answa>, 
"  (Jome,  eome,  friend,  has  be  not  lost  bis  teeth  ?"— "  Do  you  thiak," 
retorted  ibe  fellow,  "  that  I  know  his  age  as  be  doe*  bis  horse's,  by  the 
lurk  of  motith?"  The  laugh  was  against  Currmn,  but  he  instantly 
msovrred.  "  You  were  very  right  not  to  try,  friend;  for  you  know 
your  master  '*  a  great  bite."  Examining  a  country  squire  who  disputed 
q,  liUI,— "Did  be  sot  give  you  the  coals,  friend?"     "  H*  dii^ 


htiott.] 


JOHN  PHtLrDT  curham. 


tS7 


Sir,  liul  -  "  Bu(  itliat?  on  youroalli  wasn't  yourpayuipjiiilaek?'' 
It  wa»  Ihu*  that  iu  aoate  way  or  oUi«r  hi'  <«iilri*ol  lo  llirow  (be  wil- 
ueMM  off  tli«ir  f>uan].  and  b«  look  caro  ihcy  seldom  should  rvcuvi-r  H. 
"Mv  latd,  mjr  lard>"  vooiferatMl  a  peasant  viluciu,  unthiiig  uiidcrlbu 
nwblal  Mcnieialion, — "  Mj  Urd,  my  lard, — I  can't  aaivrer  yon  little 
gentleman,  he'*  putting  me  in  micb  a  dolduat."  "  A  dolduml  Mr 
Cnrran,  what  docs  be  mean  bjr  a  doldiun  i*"  exclaimed  Lord  Avoaamn, 
'*  U!  my  lord,  it'a  a  very  commoD  complaint  with  pcrtons  of  tlus  d«- 
•criptioD,— it's  tnerdy  a  conRiaioii  oftlic  bead  anting  from  a  corruption 
of Ihr  hcorL" 

He  wa*  .ftdfeAiing  a  jury  on  one  of  iJie  alalA-UiaU  in  1803,  witb  liia 
uiunl  animation.  The  judge,  wboae  political  btaa  was  Mpposed  not  to 
Ix!  rnvoiir»blc  to  the  prisoner,  shook  hi*  head  in  doubt  or  denial  nf  ona 
of  tbc  ndvoCRlo't  argumenta.  "  I  ace,  gcDilemen,"  uid  Curran.  "  I 
tec  tbc  motion  of  bi*  lordship's  bendi  common  oh»rrvrr»  might  imagine 
llut  implird  ■  dilfrrrncp  of  opinion;  but  tbcy  would  be  nii«tikrn, — il 
ia  mm-jy  nrcidrntnl, — IxrltcTn  me,  gi'iitlnocn,  if  you  rmuiu  here  nianj 
(lays,  you  will  yoiirH^vcs  prrccivc  tliat  wlici)  hi*  lordship  shakot  hi* 
liead  there's  nothing  in  it  I " 

In  178S  (lir  iluke  of  PoHlnnd  fptvc  Curran  a  lilk-Kown.  In  1783 
Mr  IiODgfleld— aftcnrards  Lord  Loof^evilk- — uflcred  biui  a  scat  lor 
<HM  of  his  boraughi,  which  Uu  dKlined.  bccauiic  he  could  not  rote  on 
lb«  nme  side  wiih  hia  offering  patron.  Lon^fleld,  nererlfac'lefia,  returned 
him  for  Kibeg^n.  On  (he  tint  important  division  he  voted  against  (lie 
ntinistrr,  but  immediately  purehasol  another  seat  which  be  intiated  on 
Longfirld  filling  up  at  hi*  own  discretion,  in  I7d6  he  fougbt  a  duel 
with  Fitxgikbon,  the  attorney- geneml.  The  following  uurd*,  uirtl  by 
Curran  In  a  debate  during;  whieb  Mr  Filz);iblioa  bud  fallen  aslceji,  were 
the  cause  of  (lie  quarrel  which  led  tn  the  niei-tinf;.  "  1  hope."  ubsL-rvcd 
■  lie  funiier,  "  I  may  say  a  few  wotds  on  this  great  subject  witliout  dis- 
turbing the  sleej)  of  any  right  hoDOurabki  member;  ood  yet,  [terhups.  I 
ought  rather  to  ency  than  blame  tbc  trnurjuillily  of  tho  right  honour- 
nttle  gendeinan.  I  do  not  Keel  nijielf  to  happily  tempered  as  to  be 
Inltetl  to  repose  by  the  storms  tliat  shake  the  land.  If  lliey  invito  rest 
to  any,  tbst  rest  ought  not  to  be  lavnhed  on  (he  guilty  spirit."  Ciinan, 
relating  the cireunutances  ofthi^  duel  many  years  anor.saiit,  "  I  never 
Mw  anr  one  whose  dotermlnalioii  seemed  more  mallgnntit  ttian  Vttt- 
^bbon  • ;  afUrr  1  bad  Hred,  he  took  aim  at  tar  for  s(  least  half-n-minuir, 
and,  on  ila  proving  inrflcclukl.  I  couUI  not  hr)p  exclaiming  to  htm,  "  It 
wu  not  yo<ir  bait,  Mr  Allorncy;  yon  were  drlibcralc  enough.'*  'I'hw 
attorney -gcnmd  declared  bis  honour  satisfied,  an<l  licre  the  dispute 
appeared  to  tcnninale ;  but  not  here,  however,  tenniuated  Fitxgibboo'a 
aoiinoNty,  His  Real,  bis  politic*,  hi*  exeitioiks  on  the  subject  of  tlie 
regency,  and  hi<  unqueslionuMe  abililiea,  raised  him  to  the  seala  on  Um 
resignation  of  l^nl  Liflbnl,  during  whoie  judicial  life  Curran  was  ria> 
log  rapidly  to  tbc  fame  and  emoluments  of  tho  oli>nc«iy  prnctieo.  FhMO 
the  iMiiMiit  of  his  dcratioa.  Lord  Clare,  on  every  oecwiow,  eshibitcd 
hit  hatred  of  the  politkbn  by  bk  negleet  of  (he  advonte.  At  k-ngth 
the  agevts  observed  Ihia  marked  hostility ;  (he  ear  of  tlie  judge,  as  it  b 
eallcdt  va*  lost, — the  client  participated  in  tlie  unpopularity  of  his 
eooiiMl,  and  Cnrran 's  practico  was  knmi  confined  euJnatvcly  lo  Kisl 
FiIm,    "  I  nade,"  said  Mr  CurraD,  in  a  letter  addrvascd  lo  Mr  Gnt- 


POblTrCAI.  SBIIIBS. 


Ud,  IweMjr  ynn  aftrr, — "  I  ilMile  no  coinpromiiw  with  povcr.— 1  had 
the  merit  of  pravoklng  and  (l<<«pi*ing  ihe  p^rwnial  mnlitN?  of  cvviy  man 
ia  Irdnd.  *lia  waa  (lie  known  sncmjr  nf  th«  counlry.  WiUioul  ibe 
walk  of  lira  eoart  of  juuirv,  my  chararm  «m  ponuril  otlb  the  matt 
pcwwtriiig  tlBiidcr,  ami  nitbm  thoxK  wnlb,  (hongb  I  va«  Um  Mrfrnf  to 
he  IwatBD  dawn  hy  any  judicial  tnalignity,  it  u-iu  oiri  u>  with  ny  d*> 
«■!•:  and  nny  contcrjumt  loMrn  in  prafusioDiil  incom*  liarp  ii«v«r  been 
flatJmatsd  ai  kw,  ai  you  haro  oft«n  hranf,  than  JEdO.ODO."  The  l*d- 
dmtt  atmidiuit  wpon  Un«  diRagrrninvRt  were  nt  tim<«  liMlicnMu  in  the 
esiirmc.  One  day,  wbcti  it  va*  known  that  Cnmi)  «aa  to  naka  Mi 
olaliomtf  srguinmi  in  Cliancoryi  Lord  Clnn;  brtugkt  a  UrRC  tiwattauA' 
land  duf  upon  the  ticnch  with  htm ;  and,  during  Ihv  progNM  of  %km 
argunM-ni,  he  Iml  hi*  ear  inucli  mttit:  to  the  dog  than  to  iho  hvtiHawi 
Ttria  wa*  obicnci]  at  kogth  by  ilie  cntite  |Nrol««a>ofi.  In  tima  iJm 
chaBCcllor  liKl  all  regard  fiir  Aeceafj  i  Le  turned  hJioMlf  quite  i 
the  onat  naU'rial  (lait  of  ilir  ca«:,  and  b«f;au,  ia  full  court,  to 
the  animaL  Cnrraii  MopiK-d  at  uutf,  "  Go  oo,  go  on,  Mr  CamB." 
•aid  Lord  CUrp,  who  eettahily  had  much  of  the  ooicomb  in  hia  aio*^ 
uvr.  "O !  I  Ix^t;  a  ibouaand  paidoiv,  my  lord ;  I  rrally  looh  it  tar 
gntiled  that  yoor  Lordablp  *«•  onployed  u>  conMlution. " 

Cwran  aat  la  |MrllUB«at  ttntil  tfct  niMaiin>  of  ihc  Union  wu  ntsd. 
H«  fopptmed  flw  priadpleB  of  Footi  aad  ati'odily  ntmed  thn  »|Maiad 
oir«n  wliich  war*  roado  lo  hiU  on  iha  part  of  iba  frionda  of  maMtiy. 
To  the  Uition  hr  gav<i  a  tBo*t  dfcidad  opposition.  In  1796  be  lotulty 
d*|M%cat4Hi  tiii>  *ii>iti«t«r  went,'  whicb  i:ould  only  be  prcventedi 
■aid)  hy  Cathi^ic  amaetpatiuo.  In  ibv  fL-rtour  of  lu«  Msali  rwa 
to  iba  frIicHotM  ooigodom  of  a  itowi-rful  fiincy,  lir  expnmai 
arif  as  Mlow* : — "  An  union  wotilit  be  the  emigration  of  arafy  i 
<«fMrc|UDOM  rn  Ireland ;  it  vtoiild  be  tb«  partitfOMioo  of  Oritiih  i 
wUhuvt  Iradt^  ■  it  would  be  ihp  vatinctioB  of  the  lri*li  nunf  a*  a  peoplal 
Wc  •bould  hcconte  a  wretoltpd  oOuMiyt  perhap*  lca«cU  out  to  a 
|iBBj  of  Jtav.  aa  va*  rormerly  in  cantrnplalkw.  and  goTcmetl  by  a  i 
lat-flalbrrrn  and  catiwineiK  uuIcm  poaalbly  yoa  may  add  liAaan 
Iwrnty  couple  ut  Iruli  menll>et»>  uliu  might  hv  found  crcry 
•lecpiag  in  their  i-olhin  ondrr  tita  maoagtn  of  the  Britiih  nkiHMtaal' 
Dariaff  Ifao  time  ba  aat  in  ilia  IrUi  parUonitnl,  Cunan  diatinguUiad 
faiaucu  on  a  variety  of  oceaakwifc  particahrly  in  17tl3,  041  the  right  oIj 
orlfioaiiag  moneytrilU  ia  all  lai  hy  the  com  mom.  In  IT^&hei. 
with  gnat  cflVcl  on  lb*  romnirrdal  n^oluiion*  latrodaced  by  Mr  i 
rctary  Of(t»:  and,  in  1786,  on  the  kill  (u  liaiii  tha  aawoalofi 
On  Ihe  lart of  thna  oeeaMOuo  hi-  olnvrvtil  with  lii*  uwal  laitnoM,  **l 
in  Imland  Ibe  royal  anihoriiy  riu*i  hv  ii4H:vMarily  d«4cgaled, — fint  (o  1 
linrvk',  and  ant  to  a  •i.-crclar>-,  alio  coukl  bate  no  tntrrrtt  ia 
good  a(  tha  pM^r. — no  iulrrr*!  in  folurv  bne, — no  object  lo  atli 
liiMi  hut  the  adviinciBKuI  of  km  dt  iK'udinla."  TIkb  Inniiug  loi 
tile  latler,  *'  i  wwh  ki  Mauri)  iIip  "Kbt  honvunbU  getillaaiaK.''  adda  , 
"  ihat  I  du  not  aiMali  «iih  an>  view  of  tlMnrfaing  ha  prrsoaal 
I  do  nut  adnirtk  nor  aouM  latitatc  iha  onwUy  of  the  Sicilian  lyranl^i 
wb»  aoMMd  hinatif  with  pnuiiv  iaaecu  to  tbr  lonura  I"  Dnri^  1 ' 
ooanaoftha  aoMapoadi  ha  prraawaiiil  to  allude  "to  the  modem  pi 
Hat  of  (loabUng  pafiaiona  to  caitain  pvi*oaa  in  Hal  haaae  who  wan 
wdMirUy   paotiDacn  atrtmly.     Woa  the  M«n!tary  uf  Mate  afmid  of 


¥ 


Ftuoit.] 


joati  pRitrot  ctfiinAx- 


I8» 


tlidr  beeomlng  ooovtrts?  Wm  It  nccMMry  to  douMc-Mt  ih.-m  with 
dlovauMs  'f  Was  there  reallj  m  itiucli  dan^  that  liltltr  Fri«ksay  sliuold 
Kptnu  und  Ko  Jnlo  a  nunnefy,  IhU  Ibo  klml  keeper  innM  eune  duwik 
loMTe  ti«r  from  becooniDg  hoaetl?'* 

Tovard*  ibe  «xl  o<'  tbe  mmIom  in  IT90,  having  hiiuIr  tnaic  M-n-re 
nxiimrai*  on  tim  dependrnw  or  the  *i<wroy,  oat  of  ihcm  poblii-'y 
ihtcttli^iiGd  lo  MMiult  hiiD)  on  which  h<>  Mnt  Mnjor  Kobart,  ilnririiig  Iit« 
dbmiiuBl,  niid  that  genttetnan  Kfii]iin|!  hin  iwjiMvt.  a  duel  tonii  |4a«« 
brifr(«ii  th«in>  Hi*  profowional  esurnr  (riu  rhiriy  dUtingttkhtd  by 
hia  tkfrnctt  of  the  lender*  of  tlie  ivbnilinn  in  I79K,  whkli  he  mndtteh'il 
*D  vramily  aod  ao  MrniiiatMly,  thiiti  bill  for  Ihr  rricndihip  of  Lord  Kil- 
wartk-n,  Iii*  laynliy  would  lMv«  bmi  mnr«'  ihnn  Koiprrlrd.  panicohirly 
a*  Irltmi  wrrr  Iband  in  hit  houM  (hiai  HolK^t  Hmmi-tt,  nhu  hail  fomiod 
an  aitachnM'nt  fat  one  of  (.'arran'i  daiightcn.  Itii  nionl  ri'irbraird 
*|ic4-clm  nrrc  in  dcfeocc  of  IVlricfc  Fiiiiiry,  (filter  Bond,  tht  hriMhor* 
SbcBiva,  ThaobaUl  Wolb  Ton«,  aittl  Major  Kownii.  He  also  ili-livm^d 
KXne  (ploKlid  ipoecSica  in  drlVmei!  of  the  libvriy  of  the  praa.  particulBrly 
«■  Uie  trial  oTFinncrty  in  l797.fhralib«lonLoTd  Cantdva.  The  rollutr. 
ing  la  » ipeclBiai  of  hit  l^malo  cloqu<.-Dc>>.  It  is  part  of  a  spNch  ilrli*- 
oiind  by  Uk  at  lli«  bar  of  the  houat  of  cemnons.  on  bclialf  of  llt« 
widow  and  «hiMr»D  of  Lord  Edward  Fiugeraldi  who  bad  been  aliaiiil- 
Ml  »r  imnn.  AH*r  open^  the  CMh,  and  cimplj  atMing  the  injiutica 
of  the  bill,  he  proceeded  aa  foDowag — "  I  have  been  atked  in  the  oom- 
titittro  a  pTri'ionti  anil  importnnt  qneation,  nanely,  aa  to  the  guih  ef 
I^rd  Edward,  wiiboul  ibe  full  pvoof  of  which  no  punishment  emn  be 
juM?  But  1  am  not  tmnl(>uiidnl  by  a  qeertion  which  I  <«nnot  indeed 
anairer.  aa  in  the  conlnaion  thai  liore  neceiaarlly  ariaet,  is  lo  be  RjumI 
llie  moat  conclualre  proof  of  the  l^jiiMlee  of  ihe  preaetil  b«ll.  For 
wiwi  can  be  niore  Aagranlly  unjuM  than  to  Inquire  Into  a  bet,  of  the 
Ifvlb  or  falMfliood  of  whioli  no  buran/i  being  can  have  knowledge,  aare 
Ihvlnlbnner  wlio  eoinea  forward  to  aaMtt  it?  I  poMeat  no  defeiHin 
■fhlcmwl  i  have  no  rate!  It  it  impoaaiblc  I  ^botiMi  1  Inve  oAr| 
of  klo  pMQ  to  Ibe  (lungron  of  the  captive,  bul  never  have  I  yet  gone 
(0  the  grave  of  the  dead  to  receive  inniractionii  lor  bU  defence,  Bor  in 
Irsih  have  I  ever  before  been  at  llie  Irial  of  a  dead  man  1  I  offrr, 
llierHbrr,  no  aridence  spoil  tbb  inquiry, — ajraiiot  lli«  pcrilooa  example 
of  whioh  1  do  DOW  not  only  proieal  un  brhiUr  of  the  public,  but  ngainxt 
tha  orvelly  and  iignitice  of  which  I  do  prolt^t,  in  the  name  of  the  (knd 
&lber,  wboaa  memory  t*  aoiifht  to  be  duliuooumi,  and  of  liii  infimt- 
orfihana  whoie  bread  ia  aoaght  to  be  taken  away  I 

"  A*  (o  till!  cvidcBoe  of  one  ptnon.  1  now  really  do  Wlicve  him  fair 
tiM  fliw  time :  yaa,  ahheugh  he  ha*  amerled  ll  upon  oath,  I  aclaallr  <la 
baUavc  ki«  by  hit  own  eenftwion,  to  be  aa  lafbrwer,  ami  a  bribed  in- 
ihrmerr— a  man  whom  even  retpeetable  whanwea  had  sworn  bn  a  coari 
of  jtMioe  upon  their  ooUi*,  not  to  be  emlibie  upoa  Ue  oBlb,— a  man 
vpon  wboee  •ingle  tettimooy  no  jury  ever  dtd,  nor  ever  oaght,  u>  jwo- 
Mounce  a  verdict  of  jiuilly,— a  kind  of  man  to  whom  llie  (aw  raaorla 
with  nbliorrtrDrc  and  front  flcecoiily,  in  order  lo  aei  the  erimiual  ogalmt 
the  eriirie,  bat  *Im  is  made  uae  of  by  llie  law  for  the  ume  reaaon  lliat 
the  mou  no«iou*  poiMns  are  reeorled  to  in  raediciiiet.  If  anch  the  man, 
look  for  m  mMiieiit  at  liiii  elory  ;  he  eonfiocs  hiniaclf  to  a  mere  coiiver- 
taliuB  oaty,  and  ibni  loo  with  a  dcnd  man;  be  veii(ar(«  not  to  iotrodueo 


HKincii,  Bans.  :Satm 

tmf  tMt4  pKtM*.  tkktr  «*«c  or  ««{ :  u  ■«■«*/«■  »  sue  h>  act 

■wd  FaipriM;  Ml  M  vc2  im»n  taat.  (t«i  «^n  mm  js 
»fce  ««U  anc  be  addfd  w  a  ^'frren  u  iiKnn«  >^^     S«<.  I 
if  tkm  be  !■;  «■•  MMJtiiOM  U  ri^ea  a«iix  oa  b«  ciT*^  < 
tlMt  be  bad  ivots  aad  h«iww  uai  ■#  it  a  nzor:  :ka  ael 
ire  h—dwd  fWf  to  bievrnt  la  sAim«;  ani  oac 
gt»cnl  refiMMk*,  be  »  BUtit  caarinaT  </  ei«it ! 

**  A«  U  tbe  F*P***  p^diwri,  k  i»  MJiott  Id  bt,  um 
ibcM,  Kir  CTca  aO  of  tbra.  nre  crcr  *«(ne*i  id  aMOia  ai 
pnaif  agsMt  Lonl  Edwwl.  aad  ib*i  ibe  bohk  tint  o(«*d  be  < 
bvm  tktm  wm  mutking  man  titf>  dovDt  or  ecajeOEiv.  viuek  kad  Losd 
Edwaid  faeea  ^^v>§,  nifbt  utc  be«fi  cskIt  eiplawd. — lo  *«y*»M 
vkicb  «w  BOW  i^putibi« ;  «cxi  Bpon  vkicb  to  facnd  a  italMce  flf  g«ik 
voald  b«  coatrarj  to  tirtry  rale  (/ JMtic*  («  faBausiiT. 

"  I  ^all  ib«nAire  f«m  id  iLe  Mxood  qaaooa  : — I*  t^  biD  of  ■(- 

taiader  vanasUd  bf  tbe  prindplei  crf  (^irf^^itsre  is  u>e  b««  of  iii—im. 

or  the  Map  of  paribwtat  m  bilk  of  attaindiT  ?     TW  kvt  ot  tbe  Pcr- 

•iaiw  aad  Maewlooia&i  nundt^  tfe  ppniwigicai  of  a  truor  to  the 

(stiDctiaa  of  all  bb  kindnd.     Tliu  tLt  law  tobjecwd  ibc  life  a«d  pn»- 

pcrty  of  trcfj  man  to  tbe  bom  ooaplicaud  oes^ioo^B.  hri  iiiw    ibe 

lujaitj  ol  vtaj  iadiTidBal  of  b»  kiodrtd  tv  a*  modi  a  Batter  of  i>3d 

ofhet  as  ibe  viU  of  i^  moM  ari>itruj  dtspot  nniid  be.     Tbk  faarinr- 

OM  fm<AjAe  aas  beri*  adofAed  id  asj  pcncNl  of  twr  Uv.     In  tbe  car* 

iitM  tiBO  <if  tbe  Sauio*,  tl^  lav  of  tnaiOD  art«l  din^llT  on  tbe  per* 

w«fi  of  liM  fviniiiial;  it  tM>k  awajr  frum  Lim  vbaiever  be  aetnalljr  bad 

It,  fr/rint,  bi*  lifr  aad  fin/fifny.     Bat  at  (o  bit  cbiUrcs,  tbe  lav  dia- 

iimm*A  ■/>  aJI'r':!  lb>«i  diftrctiy  ;  tiit:y  tuBvmi,  but  ib«T  ssffred  by  a 

imntmiurf  itHiiuu\\tni<x  >A  ib^r  fatli'ir'*  (tuuuliment,  wbicb  ibe  lav  could 

tuA  |/rt^*«f,  knf)  lustff  ■lirir'.-lljf  iul>:(ide<l.     It  look  ava;  ibe  iBberit* 

uitm,  \tfi*tit-  tilt-  crtiuiiinl,  «1  llu:  liuie  <A  takiog  it  away,  bad  afaMiliil« 

ibfMlffl'M  i/ti-r  il,  and  mi^Ut  Jiimkelf  bavb  cunvcyed  it  away  from  bia 

tnuulf.      llftr.  t»  ■  ilif.'!*!**!  proof,  ibat  t-itn  tbe  early  lav  of  Ihmih 

(Mffur  iiitt-tidnl  to  iriii-iul  tbi;  i>uriJ*)inieEit  of  tbe  traitor  to  bia  dildicn 

Ma  MMib  i  IfWt  i-cr^i  Uu;  ilirer't  puuUbiut'Dt  of  the  traitor  binudf  vaa  to 

iniui  Hb-it  outy  uiMfii  H  ctiri'liiioii  auggcsted  by  the  unaJterable  ralea  of 

fuitural  JuatioT)  iiamcty,  a  Judgment  founded  on   conTiclioo,  agaiHt 

whtnJ)  liK  uiKlil  liave  made  lii«  delt^c*-,  or  u|>oa  an  outUvry  vhere  be 

refiuni  lo  abide  hi*  trial.     Id  that  cue  be  voi  puniabed,  becanae  dnri^ 

bw  Itfo  tlui  fkct  vaa  triable. — because  during  bis  life  tbe  puniihnient  could 

act  dJrt'ctly  upon  hia  penon  ;  becauae  during  bii  life  the  pstsie  vm  bi* 

to  coavej',  and  liierafon;  hia  to  forfeit.     But  if  he  died  vithout  an  at- 

Uindart  b  Uit  trial  via  impoatibh;.  because  a  hir  defence  vaa  impoaai- 

Mt  minUtiBMint  upon  hU  person  vas  impossible,  because  ha 

Vi  Mul  a  conflscation  of  bis  estate  vas  equally  impoM- 

na  Iboi  DO  longer  bis,  being  vested  in  his  heir,  (o  vhoM 

%  tUI«  u  good  as  ibat  by  vhich  it  had  ercr  belonged  to 

■•t  Munely,  the  known  bw  of  ihe  land. 

Iknmoua  forfeiture  of  lands,  that  indeed  appc&i«  to  have 

bv  iMocat  after  death.     But  so  early  as  tbe  6tb  of 

M|Wlj  of  mcb  presentineDta  vaa  disalloved  by  the 

Ji  M  kvycr  U  tbi*  day  vfao  vill  venture  to  deny. 


i"!!!!)!).  1 


JOH9I   PHILPOT  CUMRAV. 


191 


thai  Nww  th«  35tli  aiiJ  ditli  ur  Eilward  III.,  no  mtate  o/  iiilirritiinM 
«ui  regulnrly  be  furfviled,  nave  bj'  lliu  aitaiudvr  or  (liv  lilv  of  ilic 
pany ;  ttiTPtbri:  the  law  of  Ih^  country  b,  thai  unleu  tlie  il<9c«nt  van 
int4!rruplcd  by  an  actual  atuindrr  in  (be  life-lime  of  tlic  criminal,  it 
became  Tutcd  in  tlie  heir-  Tbe  n>oinent  it  did  de*cen<l.  ibc  bdr  be- 
mroe  sciied  by  a  title  the  mo«t  Tavourcd  In  Uw.  ITiis  heir,  perhaps, 
migbl  bave  been  considered  ns  a  purc)inx<ir  far  tlie  ino*l  valuable  coo- 
kiileralMn, — bit  inolbor*  marriAge,  of  nhich  hf  uu  the  iuue.  Why 
then  was  postliumous  nlUimlrr  rxeliidrd  Irom  the  protective  law  of 
Ireaaon  ?  Why  ha«  it  nevrr  been  iiiiicc  rnacted  by  a  prMpcclive  law  ? 
Clearly  for  ihiv  reason,  tbat  in  iu  own  nuiore  it  i*  Inhnmao,  Impolitic, 
and  uiijuM  t  But  it  I*  muI.  '  thi*  may  be  dooe  by  a  bill  of  allainder: 
the  parliament  is  oninipotrnt,  sail  tbcrefore  may  do  it.  and  ih^t  it  u  a 
imtoeedlng  familiar  to  our  cnnnlitution.'  At  to  ifai-  tint  ot't!ie«e  au«r- 
tioiMi  it  cannot  be  d«'iiird  that  parliunii-ut  posH-scn  the  poucr;  but  an 
STfionient  IVoni  the  rxisteiicy.-  of  a  puui^r  to  tlie  escreise  of  it,  in  any 
particular  instance,  is  riilieulous  and  abuird.  Froni  sucfa  an  argument 
it  sould  follow,  that  it  aitut  do  whatever  it  is  able  to  da ;  and  that  it  is 
to  be  stripped  of  ibc  best  of  all  poifero, — (he  power  of  abstaining  from 
what  b  wrong. 

"  That  inch  a  bill  mishl  nd  (o  paist,  various  reasonii  may  be  addacwd; 
in  tbe  first  pla>cei  every  argument  ogninftt  the  justice  aud  the  policy  of 
a  pruspective,  la  tenfold  strong  agaiiMt  a  retrospective  law.  For  every 
ti-poU-facto  taw  b  In  Itself  an  cxcrclBc  of  dcMpolic  power;  when  it  al- 
tered the  Uw  of  property  It  was  peculiarly  dnngorous,  when  it  punished 
tbe  iuBOceBt  for  the  guilty  it  was  peculiarly  unjust:  when  it  affi-cted  to 
do  that  which  tbe  criuinal  himtelr  could  not  do,  ai  the  Ian*  then  stood. 
It  acted  peculiarly  ag&iuH  the  spirit  of  the  constitution  ;  irbicb  was  lo 
euniract  and  restrain  penal  law  by  ifae  strictest  couslruetiun,  and  not  to 
ad<I  Iu  it  by  rlndklive  iutioratlon.  But  1  am  uarnuitcd  to  go  raucti 
lurtlier,  on  tbe  authority  of  the  Driiisb  l^iilfttUR  iUclf;  and  to  assert 
lb«t  ibe  principle  of  forfeiture,  even  in  tbe  proapective  law.  Is  altogether 
rcfngnanl  to  tlie  spirit  oftbe  English  con'lllulion.  Let  it  be  recollcctrd 
UmI  tbe  sutulee  of  Anne  and  George  the  Second  have  deelarcd,  tliat 
afUir  the  ileUb  of  the  late  Pretender  and  his  ions,  do  auoh  foriHtnre 
sboukl  or  ought  to  exist.  In  favour  of  (hat  high  authority,  erory  phj- 
loeopbical  uid  (bcoretle  writer,  Barou  Montesqoku,  the  Manjutm 
Bcceeri.  and  many  others,  might  be  cited.  Against  it  no  one  writer  of 
credit  or  cliiiT.ioltrlhat  basbeen  seen  by  me.  Of  tlw  laic  Mr  York  i  do 
nut  mean  lo  speak  with  any  di*re«pcct ;  he  waa  certainly  a  man  of  Inra- 
ing  and  genlo*,  but  it  mutt  be  obserrcd  tliat  he  wrote  for  a  party,  and 
lur  a  purpose :  ho  wrote  however  against  the  repeal  of  tlie  law  of  forfelt- 
ure  more  than  for  It*  piinctpte,  for  of  (bat  principle  ba  ezpreealy  de* 
eliocs  rnlrriiig  Into  a  direct  defeocc.  As  to  the  eateosion  of  ike  prin- 
ciple, farther  than  it  i*  olntady  law,  the  slightctt  Inslnuallon  canno(  be 
foimd  in  bis  irvaiisc.  A*  to  bill*  of  attainder,  the  most  lotcrsble  of 
tbcm  is  tliat  which  attainted  Ihc  man  who  fled  IVom  juitice,  which  gave 
bint  a  day  to  appenr,  had  be  cboecn  lo  do  so,  and  operated  as  a  te^i- 
live  outlawry.  I'herc  have  oIm  been  many  aeto  of  attainder  wfaeo  dw 
party  was  willing,  but  not  permitted  to  a|>|)raf  and  take  his  irU.  It  U 
to  be  otiMrvcd,  however,  that  neither  of  these  kinds  of  tttllader  don 
any  vlolciic*  to  the  common  tew  by  the  declaring  of  a  new  criine,  or  a 


in 


MtiitieAL  tikiii. 


[ifiFni 


pmiibm«»ti  )mt  only  by  civ«liiiK  a  iiviv  jiirleiliDlioiii  aiKl  a  mw 
order  of  procctiliriK-  Of  tliv  mtouiI  apecii^  lliut  lias  been  nictitiom-d 
in  thr  viiilciit  reigat  o(  itii-  PlanUKeueb  and  lh«  Tudors,  niaii}-  of  ibusc 
liiivn  tincc  hceo  ruvcreud  by  (he  wisdon  of  cooler  and  more  Jiutt  tiuits. 
Of  Kucli  uuliappy  iiiomeula  of  liuman  frailty,  Lont  Coke  iay»,~-Ayfierl 
oblivio,  li  fioH  tilcntiam  legal.  But  1  here  beg  It^ve  to  dilf«r  from  tb« 
l(.-uriiiHl,)u[lj^e;  I  «ay,  let  the  record  on  which  ihuy  are  wriiteii  ba  iuddi- 
blc  aud  iiuiiiortai,— let  the  ineniory  that  prescrrea  th«ni  have  a  (IioumiuiI 
tongues  I  and  when  juHlice,  late  aii<I  clow,  but  wise  and  nirci  «ball  have 
eondeinncd  llieir  principle,  let  ihcni  bo  inlrrred  in  a  npquinent  of  nega- 
tive ln»lriiction  to  posterity  for  «Trr  I 

■■  A  lliird  kind  of  bill  of  attaiader  might  bs  foiuid.  which  for  t]i«4nt 
time  declares  the  taw,  nndaltaiitla  tbe  criniinal  upon  it, — «ueb  was  ihesi- 
taiiider  of  Lord  Straflbrd.  A  fourth,  which  di<I  not  change  the  lair  aa  to 
tlie  crime,  but  as  tn  the  evidencs  upon  which  it  wm*  to  be  prof«d,— ^uoh 
was  the  atiaindcr  of  Sir  John  Prnwick,  Of  tbcw  ma  Iwit  qmuM  of  at- 
tainders, no  lawyer  has  rvrr  spoken  nith  rcipcct;  ihoy  wen  iJis  cnie-l 
effects  of  ruicour,  iojotii^^,  and  party'* pi rit :  nor  eaii  any  thing  bi;  xaid 
iu  iheir  excuse,  but  dint  tiirj  uvrp  tnailc  for  th«  direct  punishment  of 
tbe  actual  criminsU,  nnd  tiiBt  too  tvliile  lliry  vvn:  yd  living.  I'hr  only 
OthM  altain<li;r  that  rrniain*  patfibk  to  be  added  to  llii«  catalogue,  i* 
ibnt  of  a  IhH  like  the  prencnt,  which  alfeoU  to  try  artrr  tho  |>art)-'* 
death,  wlicn  triid  Li  nnpOMJblc!:  to  puni>h  (piill  when  punUlunent  i« 
impoaMblai  to  indict  punidiment  whtiro  crime  i*  not  cvdu  preiendrd. 
To  chongo  the  taw  of  Mttird  property, — u>  confiooale  ttic  widuii'ii  pit* 
(oner-. — to  plunder  tlm  orpliati  *  cradle,— auil  lo  violate  iJio  niligiua  of 
the  dttad  inan'a  gmrcl  For  thii,  ton,  there  was  •  preccdeot;  but,  for 
the  hoDour  of  humatiity,  U:t  it  be  reniemhcfL'il.  tliut  oou  buodml  ainl 
forty  years  bad  dajitH-d,  daring  which  thai  pnM;edent  h^  nut  been 
dccflird  wuffthy  of  imitation  in  Great  Itritaln ;  I  menu  iImi  attainder  of 
the  rrgictdo*  I  For  on  iho  rotoralion,  four  of  tliein  were  included  in 
that  bill  of  altaimlcr  which  wai  iMUU«d  after  their  death.  But  that  thU 
nuiple  nrvrar  wni  reapacU^L  appvar*  fruiu  tfaii,  that  it  never  lud  beeti 
fcUowMl  in  England,  although  that  country  hai  unec  buvu  a^ilolcd  by 
•ne  revolution,  and  vexed  by  two  rebelliopi  I 

"  Here  let  me  remark  on  ttie  impolicy  of  Severe  puaal  lawai  tbey 
bave  ariT  been  tMiiifl  better  caJeubted  to  exusp^rale  than  to  r<»tratn ; 
aud  mhta  the  iuSlotiaB  goca  bayosd  Uie  crime,  the  horror  uf  the  guilt 
Is  lost  iu  the  liurTor  of  the  puuiiduiiunt ;  ihv  suli'irrr  bi^uom^  Uic  ol^ect 
of  cuRiuiliieraiiun,  and  the  injUKlioe  of  the  sinte  pru<luci.'»  public  odium' 
It  bas  been  well  obM-ned.  (hut  in  Fngliind  the  hiKhiruyniati  m-vcr  tnur- 
dintd.  because  tliern  the  odHidrr  nexr  wa«  cuiiUumned  lo  tbe  loiturc. 
Bat  in  Ftauoe,  wbuu  th«  oll'ender  wan  broken  on  the  wlieej,  the  Irvvcl- 
ier  wldom  or  never  rumftLii.  Th«  uiullipiicatiuu  of  penal  laws  loswnt 
llie  nkie  oS  lib ;  and  when  yoa  kiMoii  ihc  viiluu  uf  life,  you  lessen  ibe 
feftr  of  death.  Luok  to  tbe  biMOry  uf  England  upon  tliis  subject  with 
■Mfieot  lo  ireaauu  ;  nolnitlistarHliog  all  it*  formidabha  array  of  death,  of 
8uon  fivfviturf^  aud  of  feudal  eurruption  of  blood, — in  what  country 
do  you  read  of  more  Iraasoua.  and  of  more  rebelliuns?  And  why  ? 
bMaius«  Ibeie  lerront  do  not  n^lrain  the  traitor.  Ueyond  all  olhrr 
ddinquaots,  be  h»  likdy  In  lie  a  perton  of  tliat  ardenl,  eDlhu*ia*li<',  KDd 


1*1  ■lOD.] 


JOHN  rllltroT  CUBRAir. 


193 


hiircpid  spirit,  tliat  is  rouMil  into  mure  il«ci*ivc  aatl  (Ies|ieralc  diuing 
by  ihc  pru!i|icfl  of  peril. 

*'  If  I  ani  called  upuii  to  give  morn  rwon*  vhy  tliiB  pr«CL-dMit  li»> 
not  beta  repoateil  fur  luurc  than  a  century  •od  &  half,  I  will  »y  tlial  n 
bill  of  nllaiiider  it  lli«  roMlt  of  an  unnatural  uiiiuu  of  tlic  le(;istattvi;  and 
judicial  fuDclioii*:  in  wbicb  the  judicial  Iim  no  law  to  miraia  it:  iu 
wlti«li  ibe  l^i*tativ«  bos  no  rule  to  f;uidc  it,  uiilosi  iiaaaioii  and  pcuju- 
Aict,  which  kjmi  all  rule  and  law,  «an  Ix?  cullvd  rulu  and  laws,  as  it 
completely  I»ii<*  thp  lite*  oud  properties  of  nit-n  at  tbc  mercy  of  an  ar- 
Ititmry  and  de«polJc  autliority.  Such  w«re  the  acts  uf  pot>1huuiou«  at* 
taindcr  in  Ireland  in  the  rriRu  of  tlie  arbitrury  Eli^tabelli,  who  ust^d 
lh««*  acU  as  a  nun  cloak  fur  r^ititnuK  an  Iriih  Mibji-ot  for  the  bcnelit  of 
m  Bsgliob  nloioir.  Such  also  nai  thi^  ad  of  thi>  9tfa  William  IK.  for 
ths  purpom  of  transtcrriag  lb«  properir  of  ihe  uouniry  frum  ptvioiu 
im^Misg  on«  religion,  into  lh«  bonds  of  tlicue  professing  aiiDlli«r, — s 
p«upoM  manifeiled  nad  avowed  liy  a  remarkable  clau»c  in  llmt  act. 
which  covn  th«  Inheritance  to  ihe  heir  oftlre  traitor,  pro vid^^cl  that  hvit 
be  a  pnitratant. 

"  Then-  arc  yet  othrr  regions  why  the  prcctdont  of  the  regicid<s  wo* 
not  rollnn-cd  in  (irrat  Britain.  A  HUtie  mu»t  be  driven  to  the  la«t  (Eosp 
when  it  b  forced  to  tt^k,  protection  in  tho  abandoomrnt  of  the  law, 
■  hidi  b  nothing  cUe  than  a  melancholy  avowal  both  of  it*  wcakuou 
anil  it«  fear.  Acoordin^y,  thb  wo*  not  done  nithrr  io  tbc  rrbcllion  of 
I73h  or  1745.  In  Ireland,  indeed,  lh«  penal  laws  had  bom  multiplied 
and  aggravated  to  an  extent  beyond  any  ciniDple  of  former  times ;  but 
what  waa  the  event  ?  tbc  nee  bctwc<-n  prnal^  and  crime  had  been 
roiMioaed  until  the  penalty  eotitd  go  no  furtlier.  and  tlieu  the  fugitive 
turned  upou  the  breathlcM  puniuer.  But  I  do  not  wish  to  annoy  you 
liy  (be  (iMivh  of  (how  uiibuned  and  unrolled  euaiples  uf  the  hdvoe, 
a>  well  Ml  Impotefioit  of  penal  law  pu«bed  to  ita  utmoit  cslravogance. 

"  One  tupiu  more,  and  I  liave  done.  Kvery  act  of  till*  kinti  tiuglit 
to  havr  a  practical  morality  flowing  from  ita  principle* ;  and  if  loyally 
and  jnMicc  reiguirir  that  lho»e  iufaoU  should  be  deprived  of  bread, — 
uiiut  it  not  bo  a  violation  of  lliat  unte  jtrinciplc  to  give  (hem  fi>od  or 
shelter?  Mul  not  every  toyal  ami  Just  man  wisb  to  see  tlient,  in  lh« 
words  of  (he  hmous  goUU-n  bull.  '  always  poor  nod  neceMiloiix,  and  fur 
ever  aceoitipnnied  by  the  infamy  of  iheir  fatlier :  laugui«hing  in  conlin- 
ual  indigence,  anil  finding  their  piini(>hnii-iit  in  liviuji,  und  tliiir  relief  in 
ilyiiii;.'  If  the  widowed  mother  should  carry  the  or|ihan-lii-ir  of  b«r 
aufuTturioit-  hi>»l>9nd  Iu  tbc  gah-  of  any  nuo  who  oit);ht  feci  himwif 
toaebnl  with  the  sad  vieiMiludr*  of  human  ntl'air>.  nlio  niiKlit  feel  a 
rotapawionale  reverence  for  the  noble  blood  tluit  Howed  in  his  veins, — ■ 
imbtcr  tban  the  roysUy  that  first  ennobled  it,  which,  lik<-  a  itream,  ran 
*o  long  a  course  a*  to  ooticieal  id  fouiilain :  if.  mncnibering  the  luatiy 
lit'raic  iiualilim  of  his  nnfortunale  fulber,  hu  heart  iiM-'lteil  over  the  cala- 
inities  of  I  ho  chitili  tfhb  breast  swellcdi  if  hiscycsoverHoneil,  if  hi*  loo 
preeipilate  liaml  wa*  *lri-lclir«l  out  tiy  pily,  or  by  KTaiilude.  to  the  j>oor 
Aeommtiniented  sulle(vrs>  how  could  lie  Justify  the  rebel  (ear.  m  the 
traiiomua  knmaiHly  ? 

"  'I'll  coitrlu'le.  I  onre  nuiri-  mriMi'lly  utid  solemnly  conjure  yvii  to 
Mtlcct,  ihal  ihi-  fael,— I  uieun  tbe  fact  uf  guilt  or  mnoccnee,  oliich  it 
ami  can  be  the  tulr  tuundatiou  of  tin*  bill,  ii  not  now,  al^er  the  deaili 

viJ  Sa 


I 


f94 


rOLITtCAI.  SRIim. 


(M< 


of  the  party.  capnUc  of  bi-iiig  tried  coniiiilrnil}-  wjili  ibr  librrly  of  * 
fr*«  pwiplp,  or  lh€  unnllrrnbic  niU-s  nf  rlrriuil  jtistici-.  And  in  rr»pect 
lo  tlic  forfoiturv,  and  (he  ignominj  vhich  ii  ritacU,  that  oa\y  can  bfr 
put>t>liiii«^t  which  light*  upon  guilt,  while  (hul  it  triigciuicc  alone 
nliicli  bunt*  upon  innocence  t" 

When  ibc  attorney -general  became  lonl-ebanceJlor  or  IrHatid,  h<r 
fouDd  an  opporiunily  by  means  of  hin  judicial  authority,  ungeneroiMly 
to  cru*h  llie  rising  puwera  of  hi*  late  anUgoni*!-  >Ir  Curnm,  who  wan 
■t  tliis  time  a  leader,  and  one  o(  the  Hrnior  praclittonere  at  Itie  cban- 
cerj^bOTi  toon  Mt  all  Ihe  force  of  hi*  rival'*  vengeauce.  The  chane^el- 
lor  b  Mid  lo  have  yielded  an  unwilling  ear  to  every  notion  mode  by 
bin  in  tils  court,— he  fluently  itupped  ihi*  eounnel  ki  the  midat  of 
bk  amecli,— be  hesitated,  doubled  hi*  knowledge  of  the  law,  and  at 
length  found  wean*  not  only  to  cripple  all  his  profeMOotl  eflbrbt)  but 
actually  lo  leave  him  without  a  elieut!  Notwithatandlng  lliii.  fa«  in- 
deed  appi^red  as  nHunl  in  the  tlirer  oilier  cuurt*;  but  be  bad  been  >!• 
ready  stripped  of  his  moit  profitable  practice,  and  as  liia  eipeiises  bail 
nearly  kept  pact;  with  his  quills,  hi-  wus  uluiott  \efi  a  l>t^gar>  Mean- 
while he  resided  partly  ill  Dublin,  and  partly  at  a  little  couDtry-hovsc 
iu  its  rieiuity,  surrounitrd  by  about  tbirly  or  forty  aerM  of  ImkL  He 
a  as  oow  getting  <Jd.  ami  all  liufies  of  promotMHi  wim:  bsoished  IVoai  bis 
imagination.  In  this  situation  a  sadden  gk-oin  of  coaifurt  burst  upon 
and  illurainatL-d  hi*  bllcn  fortune* ;  Ibr  in  1606,  Mr  Vox,  who*«  princi- 
ple* be  liaA  ever  Mlvocatrd  in  the  Irish  senate,  came  ooce  mote  into 
power.  His  friend  Ponsonby,  loo,  whow  colle^ue  he  lud  been  botb 
m  tbe  boii«e  of  cunuoon-i  itnd  nl  the  bar,  by  onv  mpid  and  nuexptrdnl 
bound  wns  clcvatnl  to  the  highctt  ofRcr  in  the  courts  of  jutlice  of  Ire- 
land, having  otriainnl  iIm;  sraU  lu  tord-clionccllor,  without,  however. 
being  mooblod.  For  •  line,  however,  the  claims  of  our  eloqurnt  king's 
coiibm]  woiMd  lo  be  forfotlen,  and  when  at  lenjrih  he  wa*  providnl 
lor,  it  was  in  a  manner  ihsc  he  neither  e3ipecled  nor  wiabed.  lit  eoM« 
qiteoce  of  tome  previous  nt-gutiatiou.  an  i-ni  ploy  men  i,  then  be«onMBMri^ 
a  nint'curi',  was  obtaioed  for  him  by  (he  retreat  of  ihe  Itight  Hon.  Sir 
Michsel  .Smith,  knight,  tlien  master  of  tlie  rolls,  with  a  salary  of  abonC 
£5000  per  oDtiuni.  He.  at  the  ume  time,  w-a*  nominated  to  a  b«bI  nt 
the  council  iHMird.  In  hi*  new  mpndly  of  judge,  with  ail  unusnal  aiKt 
BMxpectnl  di-grci-  of  diligrncr.  lie  maiJe  one  decision  that  ha*  been  re- 
porte<l. — thai  o(  Mrrry  rvriun  Power,  by  wbicb  lin  MlablislMtl  ihe  right 
of  an  Iiiih  CallioJic  to  grant  certain  legnctes  witbout  having  tliem  annul- 
Itsl.  under  prrteii  of  being  beqnest*  for  *  Popish  and  lupcrslitlan*  nsc*.* 

In  1814  Mr  Currau  re*>gned  hi*  oHIee  In  biour  of  the  Kigbt  Hoo. 
Sir  William  M'Mahoii,  Rsrt,  an<l  retiretl,  like  hi*  predc«eMor,  on  m 
pcnsioD,  In  lh«'  saoie  year  he  v>*itrd  Paris  a  third  tinse,  string  a  Cnr 
BiOBtbi  prrviowBly  in  L>Midon,  wliere  he  became  acquainted  with  Borne 
Tooke,  SberhUn,  and  Lord  Erekior,  and  was  inlmducet)  to  the  Prince 
Regent.  Wliilst  dining  one  day  at  hi*  royal  bigliness's  table,  in  com- 
pany with  Lord  Bniine,  the  Inttcr,  in  allwion  lo  ibe  bnr,  obsen<-d. 
Uiftt  by  bring  a  memlier  of  it.  "  he  had  not  only  added  lo  his  «*nl(lt» 
but  to  bis  dignlly,  a*  it  bad  been  the  means  of  raising  him  to  iho  pcep> 
age,"  "  I,"  rrplkd  Curran,  makinf!  an  olietsnnrc  to  llie  regent,  "  am 
a  belter  pnriit«l  tasUnce  of  it*  advantage*.  It  ha>,  in  my  prison, 
rabed  (he  son  uf  a  peMuil  to  ibe  taUr  of  hn  pnnctv' 


r«iiian  1 


JOIIK  riULrOTCVRIiAH. 


105 


A  few  year*  rollcil  rapidly  nitay.  part  of  which  wa»  »pciit  in  IrH.-iiid, 
and  part  iu  Englaitil-  Al  Uriiglh  lii*  hcnilh  began  1o  Tnil, — )ir  brcntiii: 
fteble  and  i-fliacidt»l ;  and,  after  two  anKceili'iil  uiuck*,  woa  ovrr- 
whflni«d  by  a  third  seizure,  whiob  finally  put  an  md  to  hia  cKutrntr, 
■II  the  vkinity  of  Queen's  Elm,  Cbelacn,  whitlicr  ho  had  rctinHl  Iq  aToid 

,  (he  »ni«ke  aud  noiw  of  Uie  merrapolia>  on  Timday.  ibe  13th  of  Octo- 

r  bur.  1617. 

"  Mr  Carran'*  plane  at  tlie  Iriib  bar,"  ny*  bis  We^apher,  Mr  Phil- 
lips, "  has  not  even  bi^oi  approadicd  sincv  bis  departure.  There  is  no 
mail,  not  merely  nrxt  bim,  Init  near  bini.  1  have  heard  the  best  dToHs 
of  the  nblot  anwngit  them ;  and,  though  ibvy  were  brilliant  in  llidr 
way,  it  «a*  as  Ibr  brilliancy  of  the.  morning  star  bcforr  the  sunbeam. 
One  [lerliofw  is  witty,  urcastic,  nrgnmcntatiiv, — another,  fluenk  po> 
billed,  plauiiblr,— a  tbird,  Iilunl,  Tcbrnicnl,  nnd  rnrrgetie, — but,  tlierc 
it  not  one  liki-  him,  nt  once  strong,  ppriunsive,  willy,  rluquent,  aeulc, 
ancl  urgunu-ntniiTR,  giving  to  cvtsy  ai^umt  nt  the  charm  of  iningcry, 
and  to  every  iiiiBgr  ilii:  mngntficfnt  siniplicity  of  bi*  manner, — not  one, 
who,  when  be  lia<l  (oucbcd  all  iho  clionta  of  pity,  coul<l  to  wrinkle  up 
the  ehrck  vilb  Isughicr,  that  lbs  jrK  nndrifd  (car  was  impelled  in  iin 
progies*,^not  onr.  »b»,  when  be  had  iwept  nwny  the  hrnit  of  liis 
brarrr,  b-ll  at  the  Miiiir  time  such  an  imprrsiinii  upon  liis  nii>iii»ry,  that 
the  judgin<-nt  on  rpHcetion  ratbrr  applaiiilnl  the  tribute  whicJi,  nl  (lie 
nionu-nt  of  delivery,  had  been  eilort<^l  from  (be  feeling*  I  ^'ho,  ol  nny 
bar,  was  ei-er  like  him  nt  crow-eanmi nation  ?  Thi*  was  considered  tlie 
peculiar  furtc  of  (mc  of  ifan  prestut  barons  of  the  Eoglish  exchequer; 
bat  that  nalonU  shrewdneM  did  iwt  Id  him,  as  it  did  in  Curran,  aet 
merely  as  a  pioiiver  for  tbe  brilliant  and  overpowering  force  that  was 
U>  follow.  '  The  moit  intricah:  web,'  nys  the  learned  editor  of  his 
speeobeai  'tbat  fraud,  innlioe,  or  comiption  over  wora  against  the  lift, 
cbanctcr,  or  fortune  of  an  individiud,  ho  oonld  untavol.  Let  IrMtli 
and  fiilsebcMHl  be  ever  so  ingenrotiily  dovetaileil  into  eArb  other,  lie 
si'piLniled  thrm  with  facility.  He  Mrveyed  hix  ground  like  a  skilful 
general,  mnrkcd  every  avenue  of  approach,  knew  when  to  yield  or  at- 
tack, inttanlly  fcizcd  the  lint  incontistcney,  and  pursued  his  ndvaiilaf^e 
(ill  he  completely  involved  perjury  in  the  eonfuFion  of  its  eoiilradlc- 
linns.'  Tbe  elfecl  ■(  limes  was  electric  and  uniretsul.  The  judge  and 
Uic  nob,  ibe  jury  and  tbe  bar,  were  eijuully  excited,  and  Loed  Clon- 
nell  himielf,  his  bitter  etieiny,  riatug  on  (he  judgmeiK-seat  to  reMrain 
tbe  popular  enlhuuasm,  eonfiissed  himself  overcome  by  the  elo()uence 
wliidi  liad  jHtidueed  it.  To  hia  fellow. labourers  at  the  bar  he  was  all 
•menily,  but  must  particularly  to  (he  young  and  innpCTicnced.  There 
was  no  young  man  of  bis  time,  of  any  promiie,  to  whom  he  did  not  hold 
out  (be  hand,  not  only  of  eocouragemeni,  but  of  hospilality  :  and,  so  (ar 
was  he  from  indulging  an  ungenerous  Mlly  at  their  expense,  that  It 
would  have  been  a  dangcroui  eiporimi-nt  in  another  to  bavi-  aitum|ilMl 
it  in  bis  pToeoc''.  No  person,  who  had  not  been  educated  to  a  )hi>- 
feMhnt,  can  r^tinute  the  value,  or  the  almost  p4-culiariiy,  of  this  ttvii  ol 
rharacter.  But  his  was  a  niiiul  originally  too  grand  to  found  its  dis> 
tinetion  on  the  depr^'ciaiioii  of  bii  inri-riurs:  and.  were  it  even  iieees* 
sary,  his  spirit  was  too  lofty  to  sloop  to  the  enpedietit.  He  aA'eetcd  no 
ini|iiirlanei-  from  llw  niis<-rable  aeeiticnt  of  si-niotily  or  station,  ami 
laii|;hcil  to  scorn  (lie  prclrnsionless  stupidity  that  smigh(,  like  (he  cynict 


IK 


roLtticAL  vsaics. 


an  rafbroed  revemic*  lo  it*  ray*  and  iti  douge.  Dvnng  tbe  thkty  -ten 
yean  of  hw  profeHMnia)  liKe,  tbere  ia  not  on  recant  of  Un  an  unkind- 
■M>  to  a  junior,  upcrHjr  lo  a  •coJor,  «d  nndnc  nibmisiioa  lo  over- 
weening po«>-r,  or  a  tingle  instance  of  inltresicd  •errilUf ." 

"TWre  wer«  lioiM,"  taya  hit  biographer,  ■'  wlmi  bt  «■*  Mib|««i  lo 
rxtrelNe  dnpua'leiicy  :  bul  Ui«  orij^in  of  liiis  Hat  ritlUe  MKNI|^,  wtlb- 
owt  harin*  rvcounv  to  aoj  raytlvriuas  ioquirica.  It  was  ibe  caw  witt 
fcim  M  it  u  wilb  eiery  pmon  wboM  apirits  are  apt  lo  be  oocatiooally 
excited— die  ckfpmaioa  is  at  intervals  ia  exact  proportioo.  Like  a 
bov  orerslraiiied,  tbe  mind  relaiea  iu  eonsei)UFnce  of  liie  exerliOD.  H« 
was  naturally  eitretnely  Mrisilive, — donicstie  nmbrtunea  mMlered  bis 
Uoate  nnhapjiy,— he  flew  fur  a  Icind  of  refuge  into  publie  life ;  and  tb« 
political  ruin  of  bis  country,  Iraving  faim  witbout  an  object  oFpfiTatc 
cnjoyiBHit  or  of  patriotic  hope,  flun^  him  upon  hi*  own  keart-devoar- 
■ng  reflactioRs.  He  was  at  those  times  a  striking  instance  of  hia  f>wn 
'  mnark  upon  the  disadi-antageaattrndnnt  upon  too  refined  a  aensibili^. 
*  DmiKi  apon  it,  my  dear  friend,'  taJd  br,  '  it  i«  a  srriou*  mbfortiiiie 
in  lift  lo  hiTC  a  miad  inorr  H-mitiie  or  more  cultivntnl  than  < 
it  natarally  elevaiM  ita  pourwor  into  a  region  a  hich  hr  must  be  i 
lo  fiod  nearly  uninhabited.'  It  «u  a  dejdorable  thing  to  ace  Mb  in 
llie  decline  of  life,  when  vuited  by  tbn  conatilulioDal  meluicholy.  I 
liare  not  ti[ifri-([U(riilIy  aocoiiipanied  him  in  ht«  walk*  upon  sncjb  ocea- 
■tofiB,  almtni  ut  the  hour  of  iiitdiiiglit  He  had  gardens  attacked  to  ibe 
priory,  of  which  be  was  particularly  food :  and  into  lliCM  garden*,  wboi 
•o  a0eclc<  no  matter  at  what  Im>ut,  he  used  to  rawble.  It  was  then 
alnoM  iiDpoMiUe  lo  diivrl  b'u  miad  from  Uietae*  of  aadlHai^  Tbe 
gtooBi  of  b'w  own  thoughts  dii«olaored  every  thing,  and  (mm  ttJttmty 
lo  calamity  he  would  wander  on,  seeing  in  titv  future  nothing  for  hope, 
and  in  ibe  pa>t  nothing  but  diMppointmont, — you  eoald  not  rvvogmfae 
ill  bim  the  umc  cnratarc.  who  but  an  boar  beifore.  *  hod  set  lb*  tabki 
■0  a  rear,' — hi*  gibe«,  hia  iDeTriineiii,  hi*  flasbea  of  wil,  were  all  exihK 
gatllifd.  He  had  a  favourite  litll«  daughter,  who  wat  a  tort  of  lailtal 
prodigy.  She  had  dit-d  at  tbe  age  of  twelve,  and  he  l>ad  her  buried  la 
Ibe  Biidit  of  a  sinull  grore  jaat  ai^oiniag  ihi*  garden.  A  little  nartie 
meaiorial  wo*  laid  over  her,  and  often  and  often  have  I  seen  bin.  ib» 
lean  *c)iastl^  roch  otiirr'  ilnwn  liii  cheeLs.  gtoiiil  lo  his  daugbler'a 
luonumetii,  aiwl  ■  wi*h  to  be  with  her  at  re«t.'  Such  at  tiBiea  wa>  llM 
nan,  before  wIhim  veiy  look  nut  merely  gravity  bnl  sadness  ha*  oAm 
vaiii*htd,  'who  Ina  (Itcb  bitth  to  more  cnjoyiupnt,  and  uttered  oiara 
witt  than  )ierba|N  lay  of  hi*  euterapureries  in  nny  country,— who  bad 
Is  fani  aaaterials  (or  aocial  happiness,  such  as  a*c  cannot  hope  again  to 
•M  coidriaed  in  any  one;  and  whose  death  has  rail,  I  fear,  a  pema- 
U4-nt  eclipse  apon  tbe  feMiviliea  of  bia  circle.  I'erhapt,  aRer  Otut  «f 
[jIImmc  scejica  of  miser)-,  when  he  had  walked  himself  tired,  and  w*|N 
__  linaeU  tesritas,  lie  would  again  relam  into  Ibe  hotHc.  wbcrn  the  pic- 
tara  nrtoma  frieiid,  or  the  coiilingmcy  of  soaK-  acoideni,  recalling  an 
early  or  festive  aswicialioa,  would  Imrry  him  into  ibe  vevy  eatnaie  of 
rii*«-rfulnraa :  His  spirit*  rote, — hie  wil  rr«unie«l,^ — Iho  jrai.  and  llw 
tale,  ami  the  aneetloie,  puslinl  each  otiterasiile  in  an  almo*l  enriln*  vfr 
..rttty. — ami  dny  ilsaiinl  u|Hm  liiai,  the  ti*|i]ni-sl,  the  |>lrasanlnl,  and 
nioet  {ascin.ll  If  If;  iif  ronipaHtotM." 


4 


INUOB-] 


Ift7 


■OBN  A.  D.   I7U.— OIKD  A.  It.   1817. 

Mn  I'oKSOHHV  wflM  ilii-  youiigM-  ion  of  ih<;  Higlit  Honourable  Juiiii 
I'oriROaby,  uprtikpr  of  thr  Iriih  lioiuc  ol'  coniHiaDii,  nnd  brother  of  tlic 
varl  of  Unboroogh,  by  Lady  Rliiabclh  Cavrndith.  Cxilcd  at  an  cArly 
ftg«  to  the  bar,  and  poMnwing,  for  hi*  rank,  but  a  atender  t'ortaiiv.  he 
waa  appointed  counspl  to  the  commiMioiurra  of  thp  ravciiur,  viUi  tlic 
emolaments  of  wbicfa  b«  waa  sBtiti6<>d, — ap«nding  a  coiiftiderable  portion 
of  his  time  in  rural  retirement;  but  tlie  cfaango  ofniiniBlry  vhich  di- 
veetdd  him  uf  hi*  place,  roiiied  bim  into  aetivtly,  and  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  [loliiical  life. 

In  Uie  eatn«  year  be  became  «  leading  mi^niber  m  the  Irish  Louse  of 
common*,  and  at  lh«  bar.  Hi*  profeaaEunul  practice  opened  tlie  raiid 
to  richM,  while  oeoessary  exertion  mibdued  U  conitiluliuii.il  indulcrcu 
which  niit;hl  otlicrwiii;  have  Milled  iiilu  bnbil.  Aluuys  acliiif;  in  con- 
cert with  the  jKirty  of  hi*  noble  relative,  the  duke  of  Devoitaliire,  hi! 
was,  on  the  change  of  ujlmi  nisi  rat  ion  in  IH06,  a|i;M>inted  lord'chao- 
cellor  of  Ireland,  whidi  otBec  he  re*i];Ded  in  ]t*07:  and,  oit  Lord 
Grey'a  removnl  to  the  upper  hoiMe.  be  luccceded  him  as  nominal 
lender  of  tbc  oppo^iiioti  in  tlie  commons. 

Hi«  time  having  been  for  the  greater  part  prrriouily  *pcnt  in  Ira- 
lati<l,  and  his  mind  occupiml  with  Iri*li  inicrcat),  Ihn  period  may  be 
coiisi<lcre4l  as  lli«  commencement  of  hts  |>olitical  career  as  a  Britisb 
senator.  Like  the  great  Lord  Chatham,  he  died  in  the  iwrvrce  of  hk 
country. — being  seieed  with  a  fit  a  few  minnlM  after  be  had  *|iokei) 
in  debate.     He  died  on  the  eighth  day  afh-rwardii. 

Mr  Ponwaby  wa*  oua  of  thoac  very  caliniabic  characters  nhu  611  a 
jtrivMc  station  in  the  moU  amiabia  and  exemplary  mniin^T,  ui»l  a  pub- 
lic one  with  ]>ropriety  and  integrity.  (lis  lalcnis  irere  Diorc  uacfiil 
tban  splendid  ;  more  *uilr<I  lo  the  arrangement  uf  nflairs,  the  detott  of 
business,  and  tbe  tranquil  invctligntion  of  Iruih,  than  cnpnlitr  of  nU. 
laining  a  command  over  the  uiiilrr>lnnditig  of  others,  of  daizUng  by 
ihcir  brilliancy,  or  controlling  by  (heir  powers.  Ho  US',  in  truth,  nn 
honest,  lincnc,  steady  man  :  and  hU  eloquence  wm  naiurnlly  a<laptc<l 
to  tbr  level  tenor  of  his  mind.  He  never  as|>rcd  lo  the  loOy  spti?n- 
tlour  of  a  Sheridan ;  and  was  incapable  of  the  qu<ck  conccplioo  aitd  ra> 
]Nd  alocullon  of  a  Fox.  Thv  ardent  spirit  of  bin  own  party  so  Ihr  mn 
beyood  him  in  tbeir  attacks,  that  they  almost  forgot  lliey  fought  under 
hi*  colours :  to  whom,  therefore,  he  was  rather  a  poiut  ttaitjtui  aficr  iht* 
battle,  than  a  leader  in  the  6eld-  As  the  leader  of  a  great  political 
parly,  no  man  was  e»er  mora  free  from  party-spirit ;  lie  u-as,  in  feeling 
and  principle,  the  very  man  contemplated  by  those  u ho  consider  a i]!- 
tematic  opposhion  a  neceasary  safeguard  to  the  cunktitullunal  right*  ami 
liberti^  of  F.nglnnd.  The  ingenuou*n««»  of  hii  mind,  the  kindncaa  oT 
his  heart,  and  Ihr  placability  of  his  manners,  concilinied  his  oppoiwntiw 
and  atnuigrd  all  those  (ei'lings  which  defait  excite* :  and,  if  hit  lnBBi|)liB 
wcro  iM>t  more  numfrous,  it  wa«  lH>cikiue  ihc  candour  and  gcncTDslty  of 
hut  mind  disdoincd  lo  take  advantage  of  his  ailvemries  whem-vt-r  lie 


I&S 


FOLITWJU.  scuka. 


tNuM 


rlioait^'  C**"*  '^l-     W^b'd'  liial  «M  ike  cb«c,  all  pttrty-fidiaig 
Ulivd  before  Ua  [tolitical  iiiU^nty  ;  abd,  on  man)'  nitical  iwf  liiiw 
gwe  hu  adnrmrit*  tba  aiqiport  of  Iih  learning  and  ulctiii.     NaUyt| 
dbdainbg  al  irllili  new*,  lie  *aa  hen  no  loagFr  ibe  leadrf  of  a  pa*^  1 
he  ahoweil  biiBMU  ike  reaolute.  ftied,  and  unaitcraUc  friend  of  ootnli- 
laiiMial  tnedom.' 


I 


^ir  Ao|)ii  ri)oina»  Sudttuorll)- 

M>va.n.  1748,^— Mtv  A.II.  ISI7. 

Till!  galiiuii  wtmirtd  wax  ihv;  kki  of  a  ckifyman-  We  (lad  kim 
kolding  a  navy -lie  ulcBMit'*  cooiniufion  in  1770.  Id  Jaljr.  1779,  be 
Iw-cumc  nuninandcf  of  a  (loop^f-war,  and  in  tbc  (blUiwJo^  >*^*''  "^ 
tainnl  poM-rsnfc.  ifc  wu  prvacnt  in  Lord  How'i  aclioa  villi  iJm; 
Bn»t  ieti.  la  1796  he  wa»  dcUcbed,  by  Eail  St  VinocDt,  with  a 
(inall  H]uadr«n  again*!  Minorca,  in  tlie  reduction  uf  itliicli  lie  ■nooccdc«l 
juiiilly  wilh  !^ir  C>>8Tlr*  tlilewart,  nho  commiuidcd  ibc  Uod-foma.  la 
1709  be  aa«  promolcd  (o  the  rank  of  rear-admiral. 

In  March,  1801,  in  conJnnctMa  •iih  (tencrat  Trij^e^  be  captand 
Itic  uiaada  ofSt  Dartliokinicir  and  S*  Martin,  for  whicb  (rrvlee  be  «■• 
■lada  a  kaigfat  of  tli«  Balb.  In  1804  lie  ■•<  appmntrd  vi«-e-adtiural  vt 
Ik*  Bine. 

On  tke  6tb  of  Pebruarj,  1806,  ke  fell  tn  nitb  a  Frtnck  sqaadniB  off 
St  Domingo,  ibmo  of  wktck  be  captured,  aad  drove  t«o  otticn  ob  skerc 
Fur  tkia  aploit  he  vai  boooured  shh  tbe  tliiitlu  of  boik  Uitue*  of  par* 
iiamrnt. 

In  1807  lie  pcribrnwd  ilia  baiantoua  *rr*ice  of  forcing  llir  Danla- 
otlle*.  In  hi*  despalcfaea  to  tbe  adininill)'  od  llii*  occenion.  tbe  adaii- 
nil  write*,  under  date  the  Slst  of  tVbtuarjr,  and  fioin  on  boanl  iIm 
lloyal  George  off  Cuu»UQlino(ric,  "Your  lordship  itill  ha<r  bem  in- 
formed of  lujr  resolution  of  pauing  the  Dardanelles  ihc  flrtt  fiur  wind. 
A  fin*  liiod  fruRi  ibu  MHitliwnrd  pemiittnl  me  to  carry  h  into  cftct  oa 
ibc  noreing  of  ibe  19ih,  InrurmalioD  bad  been  girro  tnc  by  bia  ma- 
jruy'a  miiiiitrr,  Mr  Arbulhtwt,  uiid  Sir  Tbomaa  Louin,  that  tke  Turk. 
i*k  aquadron,  conmtitig  of  a  M  gun-«bip,  four  frigate*,  and  ■«▼>«]  «ir> 
vMlea.  had  bcrii  for  sooie  time  at  aadior  within  ihe  Inner  caatle ;  and 
coacetTiai;  it  poaaibic  tbey  might  have  remained  ibere,  I  had  girrn  or- 
der* to  Rear-admirml  Sir  Sidney  Smilb,  to  bring  up  with  tbe  Ttiun- 
dtrtr,  Sundard,  aad  Active,  and  d»lror  them,  *bould  our  pa»awge  k« 
o|»iiei«d.  Al  a  onantr  be^re  uin<-  o'eliiek,  the  whole  of  rbe  ariuadnm 
kaa  puMeil  the  Oulcr  caallea,  witbuul  Itaiing  ntumcd  a  *kot  to  tkeir 
4r«,— whiek  occaaioued  but  little  injury.  Tbi*  forbrannce  wa«  pro* 
duccd  by  the  dcnin;  of  hb  nw^oty'i  miiii*ter,  eipnuTd,  to  preaerre 
cTery  e|>|H.-aranoe  of  amity,  tlial  be  lutglit  ocgoliate  with  the  ttrangcat 
proof  of  the  jiai-ilic  iti*poaitian  of  our  raveirigu  towanl*  ika  Poric;  a 
i*«ond  battery  oo  tlie  European  lide  flrcd  aleo  with  a*  littic  rffeeC  At 
kalf-^l  tiiiie  o'clock,  the  Canotxi*.  which,  on  account  ufSir  TkoBM* 
I'ouu*  kuuwinige  vt  iliu  chanoei,  joined  to  tkc  *leady  gallantr;,  wbich 


< 


■  UM«Mr>i<«u»«. 


PlBIBD  j 


Silt  JOUK  THOMAS  DUCKVrOIITH. 


199 


I  linil  iMTuro  cxixriFnofil,  liiul  bcni  appoiiiii'il  lo  Iriul — i^iitr.rcil  the  nar- 
row |iaunge  of  Se^lm  anil  Abyili»,  and  >iittaiii<Hl  «  very  heavy  can- 
Donatio  trniii  both  cnxtlca,  within  )iDiiil-bUnk  ahut  uf  laoli.  TTicy 
oprnrd  their  tlrr  on  our  ship*  a*  they  ctinliriULii  to  pnM  in  «uocM*iua, 
although  1  jrnfi  hnppy  in  ohtcrviiig  thul  the  very  >piritrd  return  it  mrt 
witli  had  so  n^iisidirably  liiniiniihcd  its  force,  that  tiie  i-ffeet  on  th« 
strniiiioitt  sliips  could  not  hitrc  bi-i-n  so  >cvi-ro.  Imiiirdintcly  lo  tho 
north-MuI  of  thr  castles,  and  bctwcini  ihttm  and  Point  I'rsqnics,  on 
which  a  furmidalile  battery  li.ul  born  newly  rrcctcd,  the  small  squndron 
which  1  bavc  alrrady  nllndisl  to  were  at  unchor.  'I'hn  van  division  of 
our  tquadron  gave  th«ni  their  braadsid<-j  ns  they  pastcil.  uiid  Sir  Syd- 
ney Smith  with  his  dirision  closed  into  the  midst,  and  the  eficct  of  th« 
An  was  such,  that  iu  half  an  hour  the  Turks  hod  all  cut  their  eabhs  In 
run  on  shorr.  The  ohjcct  of  the  nrur-admiral  uiu  then  to  destniy 
ihein,  which  na«  most  mpidly  eAVctnl ;  as  in  less  thuTi  lour  hours  the 
«hulc  uf  them  had  exploded,  except  a  small  corvette  and  a  f;un-lio>it. 
n  hich  ii  was  ihuu);ht  proper  lo  prrserre.  I  mdose  10  your  lordship  a 
htatciiieut  of  tlieir  nunitK-r :  untl  «li«ii  1  odd  also  an  account  of  the  loss 
his  m^esty's  sLiiw  have  suilained,  I  cannot  help  exprvosiag  my  satisfuc* 
liOQ  tint  «e  have  uffercd  m>  slightly ;  as,  had  atiy  of  tlieir  stone  »liul — 
some  of  which  vxcevdi^  800  weight — made  such  a  breach  belweLU 
wind  sud  water  as  they  haT«  done  in  our  sldea.  (he  sbip  musl  have 
sunk  ;  or  had  tliey  uruck  a  lower  inast  io  the  centre,  it  must  evidently 
have  betn  cut  in  two.  Iu  the  rigging  loo,  no  accident  occurred  that 
was  not  perfectly  arraaged  in  llie  counie  of  next  day.  The  spril-«ail 
yard  of  the  Royal  George,  the  gaft  of  the  Canopua,  and  the  main-lop* 

sail-yard  of  tlie  Standordt  arc  the  only  spara  (bat  were  injared 

The  Sixty-loar  having  run  on  sliorc  on  I'esquics  I'oint,  I  <*nlefvd  tlitt 
Repulse  to  work  up  and  destroy  her,  which  Captain  LrtlS^i  ■'■  conjunc- 
tion with  tlie  boats  of  tlic  I^imp^.  executed  wilh  great  promptilude  anil 
judginenL  Tbn  luitit  ry  on  the  I'oint,  of  more  than  thirty  giuis.  which, 
hod  it  been  coinpl<l>ly  finislKit,  was  in  a  position  to  have  aiinuyed  th<i 
squadron  roost  severely  in  passing,  was  taxco  possession  of  by  the  ma- 
riue*  and  boats'  crew  of  the  rear- division,  the  Turks  having  retired  at 
their  approach,  and  iha  gMIt  were  inimcdiati-1y  spikeiL  ....  At 
a  quarter  past  Hvc  r.  v.,  tho  aqundrnn  was  enabled  lo  make  sail ;  end 
on  (he  evening  of  Iho  next  day,  (lie  SOth,  came  to  on  anchor  a(  ten 
o'Hoek,  near  the  Princti's  Islands,  about  eight  miles  from  Conslanti- 
Mple,  whni  I  despatched  Captain  Capel,  in  the  Hodytnion,  to  anchor 
OMr  the  town,  if  the  wind,  which  was  lighl,  would  pirnnit  the  ship  to 
Item  tbc  current,  to  convey  tbe  atnbMaador's  drspoichrs  lu  ihe  Sublime 
Forte  In  the  morning  by  a  Itag  of  truce  :  hut  he  found  it  impracticablo 
(o  get  witliin  four  miles,  and  cMiseijuenlly  anchored  at  hair-|Mst  eleven 
r.  M." 

In  anotlMtr  despatch,  dated  fruin  wilboul  the  Danbnetles,  6th  March, 
Admiral  Dackworth  explains  the  circumstances  under  which  lie  did  not 
deem  it  prudent  to  attack  (?onstaniinoplc.  Rcfrrriiig  lothe  position  uf 
llie  deel  on  (be  Slit  of  February,  Ihe  ndniirnl  proceeds,  to  lay  :~-"  Hod 
it  becD  then  in  our  jiower,  we  should  bav.-  token  our  station  oS  the  town 
immedtalely ;  but  as  that  could  i>i>l  bi'  done  froai  the  rapidity  of  tlio 
eurrettl,  I  wa>  ralbrr  pleased  than  otherwise  with  the  position  we  hoil 
been  forced  lo  lake;  for  in  (he  conliTriiees  belweeu  Mr  Arbuihiiol  uii>l 


•iic  Caoian  Pirna      if  the  oaniausn  jT'  wiura  jqnr  lacniBifl  b  v  pui- 

tmmnm — ic  vaa  awiaeit  by  )b-  A.  daac  e«ai  wn^  die  m\ujtiiam  hmi  ar- 

Rvol  iMmn  Cjiwmriiiiiafa,  tbe  ■!(>»-  u  m  itir  iniM  ttoaU  i 

aad  Aac  oe  wonU  be  valine  »  jijLJ>igi.  la  n.imu  o^  ^qnalii;  sidj 

Li  ftmtMtp  nn<in  4/  ^b>  ^nvniiK-  vut  v  i£  vvmU  i 

am  —iijcj'*  -iviKK  'teiin;  to   jiLjmn  pace.  )■  vcS 

■iaiaatw  wab  >.  easihua^  -i^  die  maarxw  -tM  • 

nte  iMHiiMii  w'  3fr  A.-  in  vtuca  I  enueiui^  bk  x 

had  an**ft*i^if  x  a  uidc  4iitaiiec  &iv  die  ^tt**^    >■  a  i 

Mitznc  ba9«  Z!*es  •miae  far  wuRiKion   iml  nam.  anil  iH*e  ««k  o# 

pwpeet  a/  *ii  ""■**""*  minaoiLMu  or  die  itideicUL^  waica  had 

Ai  w*Da  if  ue  SI-w-  Y-taa  B^.  1.  raiBUM^  V  the  ^ii«.  came  a 

w&oae  «JUfmMiiiii  Mr  A.'*MCioac  Ctetieu  ic  loip^Hble  aoa  ■• 

that  in  tAe  Mad  of  die  zti<«ranau — far  31  die  lauHju  imca^  cbuj 

I  ill  ■— laiiii  prowMt.  diac  between  aim  ud  die  vra^  papniaea  a  | 
iliMiimriiM  ■  BD  be  maite — dierc  reaQv  «siate4  «  *ine(n  -ieHre  f 
aad  the  nt^sncsaoii   waa  carr.«l  oa.  la  viil  ^lycH   b*  the  1 

II  iiwiaiiiiil  n>  voor  luriaiuE.  ciL  tae  f7ai :  b«c  &w  oe  bdmc^  «f  a«r 
aaebont^  lul  ■«  vvis^ed  qa  □•?  Dnnunc  «t  tie  bt  of  Madi.  iMch 
wa*  t&e  uiiutaiuu  JOCe  ai  tiu  wcaoher.  oat  lE  vs  not  u  wy  IJMC  ■■ 
«tir  paver  Da  uie  -leeapted  1  ^traantiit  wiiick  aiu.)!  haw  taahifri  the 
■rfoadroa  (i>  eoBauoce  olEciMive  oc«nb»Da  leaioK  CaamatMapie.  ^ta 
^)«adaT  dM  £i)l  uxie  for  a  few  oawn.  the  be^K  «a«  faAdKoc  k>  banc 
*umin^  the  cnrToic  vbM>E  »«  vcre  piaenl :  but  #acti  >a*  tlic 
••a*bnn«aemae  Eadjwina  ra  u  uehor.  due  Capoia  Cipel I 
It  T-irj  iloobcf  :1  wutDer  the  iqaAimi  «akl  ha*e  aooineil 
jc«.  iWiaxh  It  Dad  ««■  h*U  in  pr«^aruiTc  nadlneaa  05  waaL 
tUj'break :  uu:  t^ke  peeviiaHj  Tiiu^cded  lOIe  M'  ttte  weatber.  aw 
MiaiMcr'*  desin:  liui  I  ^hrmat  j:.tt  a  fc«  hoa--^  t>r  aa  aaewvt  t 
Ivcer  t^nogb  Yui  8*7.  pnnated  ne  600  tryisf.  B«lnre  i  •> 
r.  M-,  IE  «aa  aearlT  cairn,  aad  in  ue  e««atiiz  tae  wind  «a>  mtirrlv  < 
ihe  «fl««ard,  and  motiaaed  li£bt  air*  or  caia  till  iIif  ncaiag  vl  tkc 
^SNll,  wb4«  it  bl««  fretb  froadw  S.  E^  aad  noiiend  it  i 
dnain  oar  poMioa.  Tvo  dajc  alker  o^  arriTal 
ibe  aMb**»ad»r  foood  h-iaiftf  iadiipaatd.  aad  ba»  bcea  cw  1 
flaed  aiia  a  fit  of  iiloei*.  la  Mrrere  a*  to  prevvfit  hin  firvw  1 
baaiaaii.  Under  tbeae  drcaaHUoce*  be  bad  ddirered  m  oa  tW 
to  the  TarLiali  miniMen,  a  projec,  ad  tbe  bati*  oa  akiek  peace  Might  ha 
prcawed,  aad  at  bb  deaire  tb«  mfawqaeat  pan  of  Ibe  wtgaiiirwa  aas 
cwried  oa  in  bj  same,  vitb  hti  adviee  aad  a»ii<taDce:  aad  ahila  I 
bmeat  moat  deeply  thai  it  baa  not  eoded  ia  the  re-eAablMbacat  af 
peace,  1  denrc  CMMotatioii  from  the  rr&ctioo,  that  no  cA>n  bai  baa* 
VJUting  00  ibe  pan  oT  Mr  ArbutbDol  and  mnetf  to  oboia  toch  a  re- 
*ult,  which  «as  lOOD  teen,  fioin  tbe  ttatt  uf  the  prrpanliaas  at  Caa- 
Mairtin«iple,  could  be  effected  bv  itejiotiatioD  only,  a*  tbe  nm^tb  of  &e 
mm^t  from  ihe  Boapbonu,  with  ibe  cirruiUNu  «iMie«  of  the  port,  1 
drml  it  in  practicable  lo  ptace  tfatpa  for  an  utack  aiihont  a  eoai 
'»<%  Imrf,  abicb,  during  the  ten  days  I  aa*  uff  iba  loan,  it 
lay  g'nd  (nrtune  to  meet  aitb. 

**  I  now  come  to  tbe  point  of  raptaiuiog  to  yoar  lordtbip  tbe  motivea 
ahicb  taw]  mf  to  decide  in  rrpamiag  tbe  rlianael  of  Ibe  Danlana4les 
ami  rdiai|«i*biii|{  every  idea  of  altacking  tbe  capital ;  and  1  fetl  om6- 


t*aiKlb.) 


im  JOBH  TrtOUAS  DVCKVOKTIt. 


fOl 


dciii  it  will  rpqnirc  no  arjianK'nt  lo  «>nviii«c  your  lurilfhip  of  (bi:  ullrr 
imiiraeticabilit}'  of  our  fiirre  lutriiig  tiMdo  any  iiDprcMJon,  «i  at  tbU 
lline  ibe  «b(>lo  liue  of  tiic  Most  prc*crrtcd  a  cltaJn  of  batteries,  tliat 
iwoire  TuTki«h  line  of  battle  »1i)p«>  tiro  of  them  iliroc-deckns,  with  niiiu 
frigate*!  w«r«  villi  tlirir  mib  Iwnt,  >i>d  ■pjiarenlly  in  rvuilini-M.  tilk-<t 
with  Iroop*:  add  lo  ihir,  near  two  hundred  lhou«eiid  vcrc  haitl  lo  bv  ia 
ConUan^BopIc  to  march  sgnimt  ibc  KuHiaM;  bmides,  there  werv  an 
iDnuncraUe  quanlil^  of  small  craft  niili  boats;  and  6rc-vesael«  liad  hevu 
prepared  4o  Mt  againat  u*.  Witti  thp  battt^ea  alone  ire  might  have 
coped,  or  with  the  uliips  conM  ire  have  got  thein  out  of  llieir  Mroiig- 
hold  ;  but  your  loidi^hip  uill  be  anare,  that  after  combating  the  opp<v 
iltioD  which  the  r««ourceB  of  an  emptn*  hid  been  many  wm-Iu  employed 
In  preparing,  no  aliould  have  been  in  no  itat«  to  luive  derended  our- 
M-lres  againtt  tbeoi  aa  described,  and  lltcu  repata  Ihc  I>ard3nelle«.  I 
know  ii  was  tay  duty,  in  obedioncc  to  jour  lordship's  ordcm,  to  attempt 
every  thing — governed  hy  tlio  opinion  of  the  ooibaMadof — that  appeared 
niihtn  th«  compow  of  pnuihiliiy ;  bnt  when  ilio  nnavoidable'  *acri(toe  of 
the  iquadron  wimmiltrd  m  my  diargr — nhirh  nuiH  have  anM-h,  hjid  I 
«aHrd  (br  a  wiml  In  have  rtinblpd  inc  to  cannonatle  the  lonTi,  unatlendcl 
by  the  rcmotMt  rhwiw  of  obtaining  any  silvanlagr  for  his  majmty's 
M-rvte« — tnuit  hare  been  th«  con>M)urncc  of  purtuin^  thni  object,  it  at 
once  became  my  poaitirr  duty,  however  wounrfrd  in  priil«  and  ambition. 
to  rHinqniBh  it,  and  if  I  had  not  been  almdy  iati]t6cd  on  the  subject, 
the  iRcrca«cd  oppoiition  in  the  DnritnncKf^  would  have  convinced  me  I 
had  done  right,  when  I  resolved  oo  the  tnrnjiurc  na  in<licpcn>nbly  necM- 
mry.  I  tberoforo  weighr^l  with  tlir  aquailtoii  on  the  rooming  of  the  1*1, 
and  at  it  had  bren  reported  llint  llut  Turltisk  Heet  deaigiit-d  tu  n>ake  an 
eflVirl  oj^inat  us,  to  give  llicin  an  opportaalty,  if  auch  wa*  realty  their 
intention,  I  contlaned  to  stand  on  and  olf  during  the  day,  hot  tli«y 
■liowetl  DO  itispoaition  to  move.  I,  Iheralbrc,  a*  every  hour  nai  of  im- 
portance, bof»  up  at  duali  nilh  the  sqDodron;  n-c  arrived  otT  t\ilnt 
Prar|ni<.-!i  towards  tlie  evening  of  lite  fd  iiMairi ;  l*ut  the  day-light  irould 
not  ndniit  of  our  attempting  to  paw  (he  cnstles,  and  the  squadron  came 
to  anchor  for  the  night:  we  weighed  in  the  morning,  and  when  I  add 
that  (.-very  shi|>  wu  IB  aafcty  outside  of  the  paswge  nl>i>u(  noon,  it  wu 
iMrf  without  the  niMt  lively  tense  of  the  goo«l  fortunt!  that  lins  nllended 
tu.  Tlie  Turks  hod  l>L-t.'n  oceupiml  unceasingly,  )n  addling  lo  (he  num- 
ber of  their  Ibrti;  sonre  IiimI  been  nlr<-a<ly  completed,  and  others  were 
in  n  liirward  stitc.     The  (Ire  of  the  (wo  inner  cwdea  liad  on  our  going 

3>  been  sL-vere  ;  but  I  am  sorry  lo  *nj  the  clfrctM  they  have  had  on  our 
iipa  returning  luu  proved  (hem  to  be  douUy  fiirmhlabte;  In  tliort,  had 
they  been  allowed  anuilMT  ncek  to  cMonleie  their  defincn  ihronghoat 
the  channel,  it  would  have  been  a  very  doubtful  ]¥)inl  whellier  a  retiini 
lay  open  (o  un  at  all.  TIm:  nunoer  In  which  tliey  employed  (lie  interval 
oTour  abwnce  ba*  proved  (lieir  aMiduity." 

Tliete  dwpatchn  suffificnily  »iii«!  at  once  tbe  tkill  and  gallantry  o( 
Admiral  Duckworth.  II<r  ountinued  io  aurvicc  up  to  tbe  period  of  lila 
deaih  in  1BI7,  but  willioul  enjoying  nny  frcih  uppurltiniiy  of  dislin- 
eniibing  hiaisclf.  lu  (lerMHi,  aeeunling  lo  a  writer  in  iIh-  '  <!eiillrQi3n'd 
Magaainc,'  he  wn>  "  ratber  «horl,  but  Muu(-mado  and  miucular.  He 
seented  never  In  Im  bai>|>y  but  when  actively  rmployeit;  wai  for  cvrr 
on  the  qiiar1er.d«ck. — road  of  hb  profmion,— >and  wlten  on  duly,  caw- 
VII.  :1c 


fns 


CAk  MKIH. 


linn  aiul  coun^  uerc  so  wriUcombincd  in  him  u  to  impira  toaAdcose 
ill  bu  men,  uiitl  iiiiurc  lucccw  lo  tiU  (■(criioB*." 


taWM  a.  ».  ITSS.— Butti  A.  v.  1818. 

Mn  ]Iasti!i|<>s  vu  born  in  ilic  jTr-ar  1733,  and  dcicrailc^  iroui  « 
tamily  of  grral  nipcotabililj'  wbich  for  moiiy  imiturin  lisd  ptnacMcd 
MiDnderaUc  ntatu  in  An  coiuitic*  of  Worcester  aiul  (jtoucpilcr.'  Hi* 
bibirr  nat  u  clcrgyniao,  anil  held  ihc  lirinj;  of  Cliurcli-liill  in  Gloucs- 
IcnJiirc,  a  viltngc  iH-ar  Dayli-iJunl.  On  liis  dccrkic,  younj;  Hiwtiiifl 
nas  rrmorrd  b,v  bia  udcIc.  ^lr  Howard  IlMtiii^,  la  \V«sUniu»t«r  *cboaL 
«li«rc  be  uft*  vtlucBltd,  umI  went  into  college,  ibe  bead  of  his  election, 
ill  the  year  1746.  Hisacqualntaoce  n-ith  ihcfirvt  Lord  ManBAeM  com- 
nenced  while  lie  na*  at  Wustmiiulcr  *chool.  and  at  u  liai«  when  ibc 
foniier  waa  M^i^^itur-Ktijeml.  Lord  Maiisfidd  iIitouk'i  '■''■-'  ptofiaitd  the 
MrOnneM  rricfidibip  fur  him,  aud  the  hi];be»t  opinion  o(  hU  talc&b  UmI 
public  seniccs. 

Oi)  the  decMK  of  hi*  imclf!  Howard,  whoic  fortune  wa*  inMMMidcp* 
able  cuippuritt  lo  ibn  grncrni  iilrn  of  it*  onMuni.  j-ouog  Warren  Ha»- 
linfja  u-u  to  delrraiinr  on  hit  future  oiliiatioo.  Dr  NIchol*,  ibe  bead- 
tnaMer  of  WntniioKtrr  school,  Ittd  ever  trcali^d  him  with  the  crcatatf 
kiudncM,  and  on  nt  unrxprrtcd  a  turn  in  hit  fortuM',  oUvrcd  la  De  bink- 
•elf  at  the  wboic  «xp(ii>e  of  conipU'iing  hu>  rducotion  at  Oafiml.  Mr 
Crtswiek,  an  India  director,  and  v:ii-mi(ir  of  hiii  tinclPt  olfmd  liim  i 
writ4Tr**  appoiotuMnt  to  Itt'ngal.  Mr  Ilstlingp  choM  Ibo  Utter,  en* 
harkrd  lof  Ucngal  in  the  winter  of  1 740,  and  srrirrd  in  Calcutta  ia 
tbc  lusinicr  of  1750.  Tli«  Engllcb  at  (bat  lime  were  mrrc  oacrcbaMi^ 
and  Calcnita  an  Inconatdcrable  eomnerctal  town.  Tliry  hod  laetoriM 
•Im  in  different  ports  of  Hi-ngal  for  ibe  puTpoac  of  provMling  an  onoad 
tavcatflMBl  fur  llu-  Eatt  India  eomiwny,  wbicb  was  pfincipallj'  ptircbucd 
bjr  bnllkM)  tent  from  England.  'I'o  one  of  ibcM  (aclorica  Mr  Haitinga 
us*  appointed,  and  (ram  Ibonc*  detached  into  th«  iotcrior  porta  of  Den- 
f;>)l,  ■  lu-rr.  io  •rduaion  frOBi  ibe  tocKty  of  hi*  countryiiHii,  be  actjuircd 
a  knowtt-dgc  of  llic  Hindoaianec  and  IVrsian  language*  wbicli  lew  tbea 
potM-Mcd. 

At  the  csptare  of  C'ulculla  l>^  the  Nabob  Sunijnli  Doulab  in  1756. 
order*  wvtt  iuunl  for  ilie  ^ixurc  of  cvny  EiiglivlmuD  lo  Ikogal,  aod 
Ha*liii|^  waa  brougbi  a  pritoner  to  Moortbedabad  j  but  being  wrll- 
Lnowu  to  nunjr  men  of  rank  at  ilie  Kabob*a  court,  lie  wa*  tivatMl  attb 
indulgwicei  and  oltowtd  to  ii>(id«  at  lb*  Dutch  factory  of  Catrapon. 
WImm  tho  ieet  and  army  tinder  Wataoa  and  Clirc  anivcd  >u  ibr  ri«cr, 
Mr  Haatiiigt  Joined  Colonel  Clivr,  and  lemd  a*  a  valunl«af  U  tbo 
rccapiure  of  Calcutta,  and  in  ibtt  niglit*auack  on  tbc  N'abob'i  caaip. 
He  ilien  ruuined  bia  ci(il  aiipointiiirnu.  aitd,  after  l1i«  lU-poaitioo  of 
Sur^ali  Doulab.  tKcame  Uie  UritiUi  minifter  at  the  roart  vf  hi*  «ac> 
cnaor.  lo  I7C1  bo  waa  mado  a  mrtnlM-r  of  tbc  coTtniment,  asd  In 
176&  qutiicd  Itrogali  uml  cwne  la  England.     Hi*  pecuniary    rnnit' 

'  Mm  NMb'i  -  Hum)  vf  W**i»l«*»tn«.' 


I^UOD.) 


WAsnBM  IIASrIMCR. 


«tt 


tanops  failing  tiim,  be  tuwn  alVr  tnxlc  nn  ntiKicui-wful  atUmpt  lo  re- 
turn la  Bifigul ;  bill  vlirii  (be  aSain  <if  tbc  Eaii  loilb  cornpttnj-  m-ra 
brunghl  bi-rure  iMrliainenI,  ]|«  m»U-  luch  a  cmlitublo  appvaraoce  berore 
Ibu  committee  that  lit-  wai  ap(>oiiiie<t  sccvimI  mC'iDbcr  oT  tb«  loiliait  ad- 
DiioiitnUioa  at  Madm,  aiid  sailt-il  Id  1768  for  Ipdia. 

He  coDliiiu«d  at  Madras  until  January,  l7'Si  when  ho  proceeded  to 
Bi!n);al,  b«iu];  appoliiled  by  ib«  Coiii|>in}'  (o  tbe  govemmenl  of  (bat 
prcttdeuey  wiili  unlimited  powent.  TIte  aJfiiirH  of  ibe  Company  nore  at 
thit  juncture  in  a  Male  of  ^reat  coofuHfon.  Uiid<T  Lord  CliTv*  loaB- 
ageinetit  Iroiii  17fi&  lo  1771  tli«  r«venu«a  of  Beogd  bad  fallen  Iwlow 
the  public  expend i lure,  aod  yet  the  Company  mtn  InorrMing  ihHr  divi- 
dends. It  may  appear  inroncciTable  how  ihe  Company  eniild  be  prerj- 
pitated,  in  the  abort  perioil  wliich  clapped  wnce  ihe  year  I7G5,  fiom  iba 
keigbt  of  praepcrity  to  a  »tale  of  etnbarrawment  bonJericig  upon  ruin, 
biit  ft  transient  review  of  the  principal  causes  uill  explain  the  paradox. 
"  Soon  after  the  Irraty  conrlndnl  by  ('live  al  Elinbad,  pemicioua  iho- 
nopolio*  were  mtablisbed  by  the  Compnny  c  aorviuil*  in  oil  lli«  newly 
ncfjoired  province* ;  and  lui  if  ihe  exeliiiiive  purehM*  aod  aalo  of  sveiy 
aitiric  of  general  eantonipiion  in  India  van  not  nlRcient  to  Mtitfy  their 
avarire,  tbe  pmiidpiicy  of  Calentta  deviiieil  nnolhcr  (chcme  of  legal 
plunder,  which  wa*  lo  declare  void  at  once  ntl  the  leiucs  held  under  (ho 
govrraiiM^nt  on  n-ty  hiw  trmu  by  lh«  lemindaranndpotygara,  whooon- 
liitutc  Ihe  great  landed  intemt  of  (lie  constry.  The  pretext  Utr  thia 
wai,  tliat  many  of  Ibrse  Iraies  had  lM-en  collurircly  obtainci):  and  it 
w**  laid,  (b«(  tn)]Mrtinlity  r^Mfairrd  thry  iilioiild  be  now  relet,  wiiboiit 
diit(inc(to«,  to  tbe  h^he*t  bidder,  lly  ihnc  ntc-an*  tlic  nulivca  wera 
impoverished ;  fminem^  feriune^  wtrre  mad«  by  their  ofipreuor* ;  but 
the  aggnfaUi  rcttipta  of  the  Company*  tmaury  alanitingly  decnaacd. 
An  tlie  opulence  of  Bengal,  however  great,  depended  ttolely  upon  iJia 
laboar  nnd  industry  uf  tlto  jioople,— upon  conimerce.  manuGkcturo*,  ami 
Bgrietilture. — it  is  evidcfit  that  (lieae  ooiild  not  long  lloariah  under  the 
hinefut  iiiiluenee  of  rapacity.  Tbe  gOT^ming  nih)  of  trade  punued  by 
Hm'  Company'*  tervanU  waa  to  rt-ducc  lo  tbe  lowest  eitremc  of  ilcpn-«- 
Hon  tbe  priM)  in  (he  pnrchaae^  and  to  enhance  it  in  tlie  ume  extrava- 
gant degree  in  tbe  anie.  Thia  dtficonraged  the  artlMn  and  mnnufocluror 
from  gobig  (o  work,  and  otbera  from  buying  any  thing  but  wbit  wai  of 
iilHolute  neceaity.  Tbe  Bltuollon  of  (lie  farmora  and  hu»bfinilnien  waa 
Mill  mote  hopelcM:  ibi-y  planted  in  dontil,  ami  rca{)ed  in  uneerlninty. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  lamJ  w«»  of  counw  left  uniillcil ;  and  lhi«  cti- 
i^ieraiing  w  i(b  a  dtonght  in  the  year  1 769,  oeea»ioned  a  geamd  ncareity 
of  proviRion*, — particidorly  of  ricr,  llio  gnat  ataplc  of  Indian  •ii*te- 
nance.  It  wa*  aUo  Mid  (hat  aomc  of  tbo  nM)nopoli>t«  liad  exerttd  their 
power  anil  lltcir  foresight  in  i-oltocting  tbo  acauty  uipplics  into  ■tores ; 
fo  lliat  Uic  poor  Getitooa  liad  no  alternative  tcft  (b«in  but  (o  part  with 
Ihe  amsll  n-m^a*  of  their  projierly,  or  (o  peri«li  wilb  hunger.  It  ia 
n'rtain  that  a  dreadful  bmine,  and  llie  plngne — il«  utual  concomitant— 
earned  off  in  the  year  1770,  very  nearly  a  fourtJi  part  of  the  eutirs- 
iwpalaiioo  of  liofignJ,  or  about  three  miUiooa  of  unfortunaic  viclim*. 
To  tlieM  calaniilic*  were  added  the  diatrcaaJHg  vfleets  ot  the  war  with.' 
Hyikr  Ali,  wantonly  rnlcrnl  inlo  and  ■hamcfnlly  conduciiKl  to  graiify 
tile  inlcrciird  ricut  of  inilicidiiali'.  In  lueh  rircuiiutono-s  it  cannot  be 
(lu'mnl  wonderful — specially  when  the  great  incroMc  of  tbe  civil  and 


KM 


POLtTKAL  »llll 


Riilitary  estsblMkmmU  in  India,  aim!  Uic  annual  coiilrilmtion  lo  Ihc  pub* 

I  be  c^fH-uditure  at  iKXntt  arc  Ukcn  Jnlo  llic  nccoiint — tlut  llic  dnburic- 

«i<-nl«  of  ihc  Company  tihosM  fiir  ricc^  the  nnuinni  at  tbpir  reraaucs, 

twid  bring  tbrm  in  «  few  j-nra  to  ibc  VFrgt!  of  bankruptcy."*     Id  i1m» 

Itrports  or  the  tplcct  cooimiUcc  of  tlic  boiisc  of  tammutu,  many  otWr 

'  noitra  of  tliocking  cnirlty  •Ktw  unloltlcd  U>  p«ib)i«  TicHt.     The  (fetJtil 

Koulil  be  nidtc** :  but «  grncral  Uln  of  iheir  tutnn!  may  be  (bravd 

ttum  tbe  woni*  of  tbc  cbaimun,  wbo  tlcelwod,  "  tkni  lbrou|tb  tbe  vbola 

J  invMligatioo,  he  coukl  not  dad  a  ninglc  *ouiul  *pot  wbcnon  lu  lay  ki» 

linger,  it  b«ing  all  equally  one  niui  of  tbe  aumi  nobcanl-of  Tillantes, 

{•ml  ittp  mmt  notorioiu  corraplkm." 

The  ivwlt  of  ihr  pariiuinnitary  invMtigUiou  vm,  that  Lord  Nonk 
Ibrought  ill  n  bill  for  icnuKldling  ibo  gonramoni  of  India,  ami  plaei«i|f 
fit  iindcr  l\*c  ooDtral  of  jMrtic*  to  be  oomiiuttd  by  parlianwDL     Many 
I  qf  ihc  Company'*  wrvaiib  wrro  higkly  ccnvurcd  in  tbe  diwimuKw  coa- 
jnn^ird  «Uli  ib»  mruurc,  but  HaHisgB  bimaelf  mt  pancg}Ti*rd  by  ibn 
IniiTiUtcr,  utmI  wax  notniitUed  govfnor-gestnl  of  B«ns»l  lor  five  ream* 
(itb  tbtt  unaiiimou*  conwnt  M  boUi  bouw-     Tbe  cfckf  proriMMe  of 
die  BOW  bill  ircrr:  "that  tbe  court  of'diiector*  ibould  in  faum  be 
cbocen  for  liio  term  of  four  yean,  iutcad  of  bring  olcctnl  anniiiUly,  eix 
nrmbera  lactaing  Ibrir  Mate  Mcb  year; — that  the  (jualilicaiiuiu  lor 
voting  ihouM  be  railed  Iram  five  boudrvii  lo  one  Uwnnnil  ptMinde  ea- 
pltel  elockt  and  the  lime  of  previooe  poeieeiion  be  extended  froa  eiz 
mouth*  10  tweire ;— tbat  tbe  juriadiction  of  the  mayor*  coert  at  Cal- 
cutta be  confined  to  mrmntlle  caiweai  and  a  nev  *npreme  court  of  ju- 
tKcMon  bo  Mtablubcd  in  India,  eouoling  of  a.  chief  ja>tioc  and  tbn« 
pain*  jnAgm  sppointcd  by  Ihe  king;    md  lastly,  Uut  n  lupniorily 
orer  tbe  other  pceeideiiciee  be  ylvea  to  tbe  pmidcncy  of  Dcaguli  tbe 
Uonka  tor  tbe  name*  of  the  luembere.   biclvdlBg  tbo  gorenor  and 
ooaadl,  being  fllled  up  at  tbe  time  by  poilioiueni,  nud  the  rewoTsl  ol 
ihovr  oflcer*.  m  veil  ni  a  aegatire  on  tbo  future  nominatlOB  of  Ulo 
CMiipaoy,  bciDg  retted  in  tbe-  crown." 

WaiTco  llattingi  wu  the  Rrst  govertior'geDera]  under  the  new  ar> 
nmgemciil,  and  Gciirnil  Ctavuring,  Colonel  Moihod.  Mr  Harwell,  and 
Mr  Fhwdik  were  appointed  membera  of  oomocd.  The  flm  cfibrta  of 
tbe  mm  gotemmoni  «o»  directed  tolbe  tapnrement  of  tlu  CompaB7*> 
wreo— fc  in  ibr  cotlociion  of  which  uBBj  lajadielou  alterationa  were 
lotTOdaead.  In  tbr  menoli&iL-  tbe  reetlCM  emperor.  Sbab  AUtuSi  oaaai- 
(ttud  •  (UkUab  aniiety  lo  regain  powewion  of  Deibi,  and  laade  a  naoet 
impolitic  aifaDgeauai  tbr  tbat  parpoee  wrtb  tbe  Hakiatiw.  who  radueed 
DaUti  for  him,  bat  inuaediairly  teni^d  tlicir  araia  aftimt  tbe  RobUlM. 
a  broTo  oad  free  people,  who  •ouijlit  alliance  with  tbe  BagUili,  bat  wen 
boiely  bettayrd,  or  rather  eokt  to  tbe  Vtxir  by  Hasting*.  Tboac  inn^ 
acliana  occurred  bcAuc  the  artiral  of  tbe  new  council.  They  teaebed 
Caleulta  in  October,  1774,  and  Ctarcring,  Mooiou,  and  Praaeiat  Id*' 
■laniJy  muted  iu  condemning  ibe  Robtlla  war ;  they  calU^I  for  proda^ 
tion  of  tba  comepaadonoe  witb  tbe  Viiir.  bot  Ibir  Kormior-^aand 
(leeliaiH  lo  prwdoce  it,  allrjtiog  that  it  c«otBiai-«l  prirnie  and  ooalklea- 
tial  Matter  unlit  fur  the  public  rye.  In  Murrh,  1776.  the  Kiiiali  Nun* 
'  delivctvd  to  Uir  roaaetl  a  ]Nper,  aei.-<ising  tlw  gon-rn»r  of  harinp 


I 
I 


•WlMMUMerT. 


!■(■»)•.] 


VAHMEN  TIASTlKGt. 


SftS 


rc('cm-<l  largo  mm*  liy  v»y  a(  bTibc  on  rrnnin  spcHfic  ocfjuioit*. 
lliuliiigi  (li.'viiiicil  mrntiiig  llio  charge*,  and  ■load  upon  bis  affi<:ial  ilij;- 
nity,  bul  inililulod  legal  pronrrdingi  ngaic»t  Uir  iinriirlunate  mjali  in 
the  rriminni  court  of  Calciittn,  nlirrc  he  surcrrdiil  in  olilaifiinK  a  vcr- 
ilifit  of  }t"<'l)'  from  a  juty  of  EagliahnMn,  aided  by  llic  juiIri'.  Sir 
Klijah  linppy,  vifao  T«ru«cd  all  apprnl  or  r»pi(L-,  and  on  tlit.-  3lti  ol' 
Au^nil  the  rajah  wat  put  to  dentil  I  Colonel  Moiinuu'*  decoan;  in 
Novcnbcr.  1776,  gant  a  prtpomlernnee  to  ll>i!tiii;pi  iu  the  cuuiieil :  lir> 
lisd  prcvioudy  tirndcrcd  bis  mijinatiofi  to  the  Court  of  director*,  by 
whom  it  liatl  bem  acccpreil ;  but  on  the  death  of  Moiitoii  lie  diutvowtil 
liU  acMit,  and  retained  his  aullivrily  t  la  17SI  Ha*tiugi  endeavoured 
(o  Hiu  llw  Ireaturea  uF  Cheytc  -Sio^ .  mjali  of  Rciiarcs.  Willi  tlii« 
view  be  provoked  iiini  to  n-loclant  ha<tililiL'<;  but,  after  all,  failed  in  hi» 
abject,  for  ibe  army  refuted  lo  )!ive  up  iU  priie  money  to  tlie  gover- 
■lor-geoeral.  He  neal  turiiied  bU  alteotiun  lo  tlie  Nabob  of  Oude,  rrom 
<*Imm  ■Kitltvf  uiid  grandaiutlitr,  tlic  DeKuini.  be  lu^naged  (o  e\t»rt 
■J500,00Q.  In  1784  he  extorted  a  buiu  of  fiHeeD  lacs  of  rapcex  r/om 
FyaooUa  Kban,  a  Robilla  dikf;  at  last,  after  a  number  of  sabordinulc 
'ntrigu««,  he  r«Mgnc-d  h'a  ofRce  in  February  1  it^i,  bating  added,  hy  hiH 
odmiiiihlrationi  about  Iwelie  and  a  biilf  mil1ioc>»  to  Ihc  ConipaDy's  debt.' 
On  the  day  Mr  Hntliugs  arriied  iii  Looduii,  Mr  Burke  notified  to 
the  hou«e  of  commont,  tbat  early  in  tbo  next  seHioo  he  would  niova 
Ibr  on  inquiry  iBto  ibo  conduct  of  the  talc  goTcmor-gcDcral  iif  IiMtia. 
On  Ihc  4lli  of  April,  1766,  Hr  Dotkc,  in  hi*  place,  cJiliibitpd  to  the 
li»u«e  Din?  anicl«a  of  cbarge  agaiott  Wnrren  Uniting*,  Eau-  Tlicy 
were  In  tabstBDcv  a*  foUowa: — 

I.  With  noM  ii^DBlice,  cnicl^,  «Dd  trencliery  sgiunst  Die  bilh  of 
iialiout  in  lilrinit  Brili»li  soldiers  for  the  purpost:  of  exltrpallng  tlie  In- 
uocent  nnd  lM!l])kM  peufilc  wbo  inhabited  tie  Rohlllas. 

II.  With  u«U)f;  llic  autlioeily  delegated  to  him  tlirough  llie  East  In- 
dia coaipany.  for  IreatiiiR  Sbali  Allum.  niiperar  of  Indoatau,  or  otticr- 
wbe  Ibc  Great  MoruI,  wiili  cnictiy,  in  bereaviii);  lilm  of  coMMcraSle 
Irrrltary,  aod  niiLholdinK  forcibly  tint  tribute  of  S6  lacks  of  rupe«a 
ikbiob  the  Contpuiiy  hud  t<D);a)(ed  to  pay  bim  on  au  annual  Iributc  or 
conpcMMlion  for  ilieir  holding  in  his  iiunie  llic  Dewaiiiice  of  ibc  ricli 
ai»d  valuable  pruvinoe*  uf  Bengal,  Daliar,  and  Oritioa. 

III.  With  varioua  iiHianoea  of  ezlonigo,  and  oilier  deed*  of  inal-ad- 
tMiniMmlon  againsl  ibe  nijali  of  BcDam.  Thb  article  cooainted  of 
lliree  dillcrcnt  porti,  la  e*cti  of  wlilch  Mr  Ha»liii):i  waa  charged  with 
a  scrii-n  of  the  moot  wnatOB  opprenlont  and  cruvllica. 

IV.  Willi  being  ibe  author  of  Uio  nunuruni  and  iiuujiportalile  hard- 
»hipt  lo  wbieb  tbe  royal  family  of  Oudc  bad  been  reduced,  in  coii^c- 
(|tteaec  oftlidr  conneclion  niib  tlie  *iipreine  eouticiU 

V.  Willi  hariBg.  by  no  lew  ibuii  nix  rrvolotwiiF,  bmught  tli«  fuflile 
and  boaatiful  pronacta  of  Futrackabad  to  a  f tate  of  llic  moat  dc^ilorable 
rain. 

VI.  Willi  inapovcritfliing  and  depopulating  UlC  whole  otiiiitry  of 
0«de,  add  rcwUjdog  thai  oauntry,  once  a  gar4kn,  aa  uoinliabitcd 
dMert. 

VII.  Wiih  a  vmalon,  an  nnjuii,  aorl  a  jictnickioi  rxcrcbc  of  bif 


>iba 


M6  FOLITICAL  ttattM.  (Hm^ 

pov«n,  aAd  th«  great  Nhution  of  ln»t  ahicb  be  occapied  in  [odia,  in 
Of  Mtaraing  Uie  aociMit  otabiiibiiKDts  of  tbe  couotij,  and  extrading  an 
nncfne  influence  (7  coDoinog  at  extrangant  coatfwts,  and  tppcintiag 
iDordinate  falaries. 

VIII.  With  receiving  moary  against  (be  orders  oftlie  Company,  Ac 
act  of  parliament,  and  hia  own  sacred  engagements,  and  applying  that 
money  to  pnrpose*  totally  improper  and  nnautborized. 

IX.  With  faaTing  migned  by  proxy  for  the  obvions  purpose  of  re- 
taioing  fais  situation,  and  denying  the  deed  in  person,  in  direct  oppoai- 
tioo  to  all  thOK  poven  nnder  whii^h  he  acted. 

Thue  were  rabslantially  tbe  several  cbat^ri  Mr  Bnrke  first  exbib> 
iled,  and  which  were  ordered  to  be  printed  for  the  perusal  of  oienbers. 
It  was  also  ordered  that  these  charges  should  be  taken  into  coonden- 
(ion  by  a  committee  of  the  whole  house. 

Tbe  articles  exhibited  against  Hastings  were  in  the  course  of  a  few 
weeks  increased  to  twenty-two  in  nutober.  Meanwhile,  by  consent  of 
tbe  bonae,  the  es-govemor  of  India  was  allowed  to  appear  at  the  bar, 
and  read  bis  defence,  on  the  Ist  of  May.  He  began  by  affirming  that 
the  grounds  of  the  crimination  were  ill-founded,  aspenive,  and  mali- 
cious ;  that  tbe  various  publications  of  the  times  contained  the  most 
unwarrantable  observations  on  his  conduct,  and  that  the  press  daily 
teemed  with  the  most  gross  libels  upon  every  part  of  his  administration 
ill  India.  He  said  that  the  most  extraordinary  of  all  was  the  pamphlet 
lately  published,  in  which  the  charges  of  delinquency  were  not  only 
copiously  displayed,  but  the  name  of  the  accuser  himself  (Mr  Burke} 
printed  in  llie  title-page,  by  which  it  would  appear  that  it  bad  not  only 
his  sanction  and  authority,  but  that  the  accuser  had  officiously  conde- 
scended to  become  the  publisher;  that  these  charges  had  been  the  re- 
sult of  much  deliberation ;  and  that,  during  a  period  of  five  years,  his 
enemies  had  exerted  their  abilities  in  order  to  specify  the  difierent 
grounds  of  accusation.  He  said  he  only  resolved  on  Monday  last,  with 
the  permission  of  the  house,  to  enter  upon  his  defence;  and  that  he 
bad  prepared  himself  to  meet  his  accusers,  in  as  few  days  almost  as  the 
years  in  which  his  enemies  had  been  engaged  in  bringing  forward  the 
matters  which  tended  to  criminate  and  asperse  him.  Ho  complained 
that  he  was  obliged  to  reply  to  charges  containing  nothing  specific, — 
they  might  be  called  historical  narratives,  with  voluminous  commenta- 
ries. He  had  been  in  India  from  a  school-boy ;  and  during  a  period 
of  ihirty-sis  years'  servitude,  had  always  the  happiness  to  maintain  a 
good  and  respectable  character.  By  tbe  evil  machinations  of  a  few 
individuals,  be  now  appeared  in  an  unfortunate  situation  ;  but  he  chose 
to  come  forward  on  the  occasion,  and  meet  his  fate,  rather  than  be  sub< 
jeclcd  to  the  contioual  threats  of  a  parliamentary  prosecution.  He  had 
acted  according  to  the  emergencies  of  the  timeit ;  he  had  been  frequently 
reduced  to  such  extremities  as  to  defy  the  sanction  of  any  precedent. 
No  man  had  been  placed  in  more  perilous  situations,  and  in  those  dis- 
oslcrs  he  was  entirely  left  to  the  resources  of  bis  own  mind.  He  said 
that  he  had  resigned  his  government  in  India  amidst  thu  regret  of  his 
I'i'llow-subjccts  ;  that  lie  iiad  repeatedly  received  the  tliauks  of  his  em- 
ployers, the  Court  of  directors  of  the  East  India  company  ;  and  as  bu 
liiid  ilie  EQiisfaclioii  of  diseburgiiig  the  trust  rcpof^ed  in  liiui  ntlh  such 
Uiimiiiiiou!)  ""i>"'i>>iiun,  he  believed  that  no  olht-r  power  on  carlh  had 


I'lMWh] 


WAEKEK   lUSTIi'aS. 


SOT 


a  right  In  call  Ki*  tondvc*  in  qucuiiML.  Mr  ilatting*  vent  na  with  liii 
dtfran-  (or  nlxKit  two  tiour«;  wlicn,  appp«ring  to  be  mndi  liiligucil,  hfr 
VM  rclicTrtl  by  Mr  Markiijiin,  and  ancmarda  succouiTvly  by  the  two 
clfrk«. 

Tli«itubjiretoriIn«tiiigi'iinpeacliii)eflt«aK  muincd  vnrly  in  tbe  next 
srwioa.  Tire  eliargo  nspecling  tbn  RolillU  war  hud  made  a  dn>p 
imprrsiion  upon  tlic  boiuc;  and  ulthough  Ilastiogi  had  bcrn  aoquitl^ 
of  tbr  char{;c  it  wax  wpon  graundt  on  wblcb  it  nat  impoMJblc  ta  rat, 
liii  fuiDtc  defence  I*itt  had  iK^atircd  llii*  charge  npon  tlio  ground 
lliat  Ilattii^  hod,  tubsMjUdnt  to  tbal  crrnt,  rc<;rivcd  the  b^hett  c«r- 
ItScatc  of  fegi*lolirc  apiwubatioo,  by  being  notnimitcd  by  act  of  portiu- 
meoi,  gOTereor-gencral  of  India.  On  the  7th  of  Ft-bruary,  1787,  Slini- 
dan  opened  tbc  third  cliar^e  respecting  ilir  llrgum  pflnccstea  of  Oudc, 
uilli  an  rlwiiM-nc  and  energy  i>eTCr  surpoaird.  and  wbinb  proved  cotn> 
pltlely  decbive.  On  a  diviiioii  ibe  iiuinbcri  vvtv:  id  faraur  of  flu: 
motion,  one  hundred  and  acvcuty-GTe :  against  it,  tixty-etglil.  On  the 
2d  of  Mardi  Pelbaui  ojwiK-d  the  charge  relaiii-c  to  the  nabob  of  Fuc- 
ruckabad,  wbioli  irat  aibnued  by  oat  liuudred  and  (wvlre  agaimt  Bfly 
voice*.  On  tli«  l6Ui  of  March  tbe  cbarge  npoa  lite  subject  of  cootnet* 
tiaa  brongbt  forward  by  Sir  JuHM  Enlune;  and  on  this  ariicic  thti 
divisioD  was,  aye*  fisly,  dom  Iwenty-si;!.  Upon  the  32d  of  March  ih« 
cliHigr  relativa  to  Fyioolla  Khan  u-a»  introduced  by  Windham;  and  wni 
carried  by  a  dimion  of  ninety-six  i^init  thirtj-FCTcn  Toice*.  On  tlw 
2d  of  April,  Sheridan  opened  to  the  bonte  tb«  chnrge  npon  th*  «a1gect 
of  pfMenU;  and  on  this  occaiiofl  obscrrnl,  "  ibat  tbe  late  gorcmor- 
general  bod,  ID  entry  part  of  bia  coniluci,  eshilutcd  proofii  «f  a  wild, 
«eceniric,  aod  itri'gular  wind.  In  pride,  in  paidioo,  in  all  things  li«, 
was  changeable,  except  iu  corruptiun.  His  revenge  was  a  tempest, — • 
tornado  intotviug  all  wilblii  ita  U)fltm>M  in  one  comnwo  deatrvcUon ; 
b«ii  bis  corruption  was  regular  and  syctemaiie, — a  noBiooa  Uowti^ 
unibmily  frt>na  one  point  of  tbc  couipaM,  ami  walling  the  weidth  of 
India  (o  the  aano  port  in  one  eertnin  direction."  Upon  a  division,  llw 
nunben  a|)peared,  ayes  one  hundred  and  aiaty-flvr.  nor*  nixiy'rour. 
On  tbe  IBtb  of  April  the  cbarye  rMpaoting  th«  rcvennes  was  op«ned 
by  Pnncbi  wbo  bad  fmincrly  occupied,  with  so  mueli  honaur  lo  him- 
self, Ui*  ofiot  of  nwinber  In  ibe  Mpreme  council  of  India,  and  wbo  ImiiJ 
rrcontty  lakan  bia  seat  as  a  member  of  tbc  bouse  of  comtnaBS,  This 
cbarga  «a«  coBflrtncd,  notwitbHanding  tbe  unexgieirted  dissent  of  th« 
minislor,  by  screnty-onc  to  flfly-livc  voices.  On  ibe  INh  itt  May  llio 
report  made  by  Burke  from  tba  oommittee,  to  whom  it  bnd  been  re- 
ferred to  pfrporc!  the  ■niclrs  of  itnjteachmrfit,  w*s  confinned  by  the 
bouae,  ayt*  ono  hundrtd  ai»d  tcvruty-firr,  noe«  eigbty-nine.  On  lli« 
(bltowing  lUy  il  was  toted  tJiat  Hastings  be  impeadied:  and  Burke 
aceordingly,  in  lli«  nan>c  of  tbc  housn  of  conimons,  ami  of  all  llie  com- 
moiia  of  (ircat  llritnin,  n-fiaiml  to  the  bar  of  the  bouie  of  birds,  and 
impwcbcd  Hastings  of  high  rrimr*  and  mi«lcmc«iM>n :  at  ibe  same 
time  acquainting  their  loedthijM,  that  ihc  cQaimons  woakl  wiib  oU  eoa- 
venicDt  *pc«>d  oxkibit  aitidca  against  bim,  and  make  good  tin  MBI«> 
On  the  l4ih  another  charge  reupecting  misdemeanon  la  Code  wu 
added  to  iha  Ibnnrr.  and  rated  without  a  diviuoa ;  aiid  on  tbe  Slat 
Hastings,  being  conduclcd  lu  ibe  bar  of  the  house  of  lord*  by  the  ser- 
geant-at-arai*,  was  token  into  the  rusi«dy  of  tlie  Uaok  rod ;  but  oo  the 


9nd 


roLtTicAt.  xrnirs. 


(Kisni 


motion  of  the  lonUcbanoeltor  wn*  tulmillnl  to  barl,— hiimc-If  id  ivreaty  \ 
Ibouunil  poiiticU.  and  two  tuivtics,  Sullivan  and  Sammn'.  in  tfa  tbou- 
Mind  pouiuli  ranb ;  and  be  was  ordrnMl  to  dritvrr  in  aa  naivtcr  lo  tbe 
articlot  of  impraclimi-nt  id  oiiv  monib  from  lliat  tiioe,  or  uiwo  the  Sd 
ddy  of  the  ncit  ■nwioa  of  puliarai^Dt.  * 

In  tbc  rarly  pari  of  the  ictsioii  uf  1788.  Hwtins*  had  dclirrrrd  in 
hi*  inwpr  to  ibr  imp-aclimi-nl  of  tbe  coroniaoi,  wna  tmiDcdiatcI}-  np- 
]Kinilrd  n  oommiitcc  of  niBiiaj*vra  to  makL-  f,-oo([  the  aame,  and  the  Iriid 
rixnincncts)  oil  tliu  15tii  of  I'tbruan-  iu  Wcstmiuictvr-ball,  vkich  was 
filtc<i  up  (or  ihiT  purposi!  with  K'l-'at  roagnlficeaee.  It  Luted  tbc  un|it«- 
ccdcnrnl  prriuil  of  it'Vru  j'vam  from  the  opening  of  proceeding*  in  tbe 
hall.  Mr  IlaitinKi  repi-Jledly  roinpUined  of  tbe  delay ,  anil  ibc  '  lifo 
of  imprnchmi-m'  hi-  vhs  by  it  ciHnpelled  to  live;  but  it  app«ar*,  on  tbo 
wboU-.  to  liave  voa  tbe  public  syiiipalby  tor  him,  and  to  hare  prodnotd 
a  fri-bD^of  aci|iii(4ceuce  in  th«  uliimalc  rerdirt  ufaciiuiltal  proaaonccd 
by  tbc  lords  vbicli  otbenriae  niigbt  not  have  been  »o  gencnlly  oiaui- 
G»ted.  Tli«  greatcit  namber  of  pe«ra  who  voted  tbe  deTeDifaitt  enilly 
in  any  one  reaped,  did  not  exceed  sis :  the  vtAt*  of  ioiioceiioet  on  mow 
of  tbe  charge*,  irere  tweD(y-«i>  ;  on  othen,  twenty -t h rec  i  on  ouCi  nine* 
icen.  Tbe  diaacellor  iiilimalod  tbe  decitioo  of  the  court  to  Haulnga 
on  tbe  88d  of  April,  1795.  He  rt«eiTed  it  io  silence,  lioweA  and  re- 
tired froni  tbe  bar.  Tbti  reinaritable  trial  cmt  tbc  iialioo  upnards  of 
£ltM.Ol>0;  and  Ihe  l«w-«xpeD«ea  of  Mr  Hasting  amounted  lo  £71,000; 

A  mevting  of  the  court  of  proprieloi>  of  tbe  Eatt  India  company  wa> 
beM  MOD  aAer  the  arquiltal  of  ^fr  Hatting*,  at  which  ft  mt  reaolTcd 
that  lie  tliould  foe  inilcmnilicd  for  Ihe  expemcH  incDircd  by  faim  hi 
making  bia  defence ;  and  that  an  auDuity  of  £5000  aliould  be  graotr<l 
lo  biDi.  Some  kfcal  dilKcuUies  were  ■tarled  as  lo  thi»  applicsiioo  of 
Ihe  profile  of  tbe  Coni|)aiiy,  and  llie  cbairinan.  Sir  St«pbcn  Luhlagtoii,  , 
n»ean«bile  applied  In  Mr  HailiDgi  fur  intbrmottoii  to  enaUf  bhn  lo  | 
meet  crrtain  alb-galiou*  respi^ctiof;  tbe  forttinr  which  tbc  ex-pwrnior 
bail  acquired  during  lii*  m«lcncc  in  India.  To  this  npplicallon  Mr 
Uniting*  ri-plrnl  in  tlie  (bUowinf;  teriii*:  "  I  owe  lo  my  solicitor  and 
lo  i-ariou*  iiiilividuah  497,000.  I  never  wa*  worth,  at  any  tinM-  of  my 
life,  Ihe  aun  of  /lOO.OOO ;  and  in  this  colcablioa  I  include  every  kind 
and  ilMcripHan  of  property  whalsoevrr."  Referring  to  certain  iwnit- 
lanwa  which  liad  been  mode  Iu  hlw  liroin  India,  amounting  in  all  lo 
£17.000,  he  wiyc  "  I  am  indebted  for  these  reiniltancea  to  the  gnir- 
uMly  of  iiidtvidnoU,  granted  lor  the  eijMvas  pttrpoM  of  relicring  niy 
want*.  Tbcy  were  received  In  Ibe  yeara  1790  and  1791,  most  scaxio- 
nl)ty,  at  limn  in  whicli  but  for  them  I  ihould  hare  been  rcdtuwd  to 
great  diatrcw.  I  do  not  mention  thia  a*  on  excaM  lor  my  accepting 
Idem,  since  [  am  not  cotiacioui  of  any  poiilive  law  or  moral  oUigatlofi 
that  fartaule  it.  I  mention  it  only  Iu  *how  that  wfaile  I  uas  an  objrrl 
of  envy  lo  *omc,  and  of  jealouny  to  othen,  under  the  iinpBtnlion  of 
paaawihlg  Inordinate  wrnllh, — and  when,  iu  achliiion  to  the  rliargc  of 
•atniagiBW,  I  wu  imblirly  iiccuMtt  irT  tlie  niml  corru|>{  ili«poni  of  it. 
— f  wa«  actnally  on  tbc  rrrg<!  of  |icnury  and  in  (car  uf  warning  ibe 
•noma  of  acquiring  tlw  common  nrerauiriM  of  life.  Imt  in  the  d'grading 
raaoarca  of  private  errdit,  lo  which  I  have  ainccbeen  actually  compelb^  . 


PaVKD.) 


WAtmiN  nArriHo*. 


dm 


to  tubmiL  1  ImIm  it  my  n.f]tinit.  Sir.  Ihiil  ymt  *riU  lia*«  the  f[OadiMM 
to  Uy  Ibia  tcttn  before  tlie  liunounibb*  court  of  din-ctor*.  and  to  tbrai 
I  taake  it  Diy  nyjueM  tbai  it  may  tie  tubiaittcd  to  the  court  or  propric- 
tor«.  I  lake  iliis  occasion  to  return  them  my  mou  grateful  ihanka  Tor 
the  di*t>n},nii>li«d  lionour  ihey  ha*p  conferred  opon  ni«  by  their  lair 
rvMluiioiiK.  I  iliaiik  iheto  for  tho«e  tettimonics  of  their  npprobalion  of 
Biy  aervK'e^,  and  for  the  bounty  with  which  Uiey  liave  »o  liberally  re- 
itvded  lh«m:  that  1  bove  eoatpletfily  receivtd  as  fnr  aa  Ihey  could 
Iwatow  ll.  in  ibpir  public  dc«lar»tion,  that  Ihpy  thou^lit  mp  dnerring 
of  it;  nor  havo  I  a  «ith  rcsppcliTi^  it,  ■»  far  an  it  rrpinrdt  llicm,  tiDMtla- 
fled.  Hot  with  rc«ip(-rt  to  tbf  rnmltition  irhirli  ihry  li:u]  been  graer- 
oiuiy  pleated  to  pau  to  indrmnify  mc  i>>T  ilii!  Irgnl  vxpaoma  of  my 
trio],  I  own,  I  cnnnnt  ronti-mpUlc  iM  rrciilt  with  the  ulilM  tranquil  re- 
■ignatioti.  I  mjuirr  Ihi-  accompliahnu'nt  of  it.  not  on  tiia  ccota  of  io- 
tmM,  but  or  honour,  ihnt  I  may  acijiiit  myvlf  «f  my  Mign)n*iMBt«  lo 
thoM  to  irtioM  eoalideace  and  frimdship  I  awv  tliat  1  am  not  alMolutt'Iy 
deatilulc.  With  «uch  a  Make  I  fcvl  du  r^putcnaDCe  to  make  my  bumble 
mppKwioa  to  my  employen,  that  I  may  obtain  from  their  ((irnrTaiity 
that  relief  wkkh  I  once  ihooghi  I  had  a  right  (o  expect  ftom  tti*  jvf 
tic«  and  from  the  law*  of  my  country. 

"I  Imto  Ilia  honour  lo  be,  Ac  Warrkh  UarriRfl*." 

■■T»SiB9rT.T«K>i  UuiimiioH.  BuL,   ) 
OaifvaD  oflW  Couft  «f  DttMtork'*      ] 

We  Imre  nid  ibM  doubtd  wet«  siart«<t  as  to  tbi>  right  of  (he  Coaipanv 
ta  diapoae  of  their  own  nKuni^y  without  the  eonMni  iif  itic  board  of  com- 
■liwioiiera.  *'Tlia  great  htwyrr*  bi-ld  diflprmt  o|nnioaii  but  (he  at- 
loniay  and  nlJcitmvgenenil  vitrr-  dpoidnlly  afcnimt  nuch  a  right  being 
vetted  in  the  ('ompany.  On  tliii  d^eiiiuu  n  nrw  motion  wa*  brought 
fbrwnnl  in  concert  with  lii>  mnjrsly's  miiiidcrs,  who  agrrpd— wllliont 
tmy  rrATcwc  to  ih<>  trial — in  cuiuideration  of  Mr  Haclinga'a  paUtp 
Mrvtoca,  to  gratit  him  a  pemion  of  four  tliouMod  poand*  o-yesr  for 
lutnty-eight  year*  ami  a  half;  of  th>*  peUBioD  they  iniiniil lately  gnvc 
kitn  ftMly<twa  thouMiul  pound*,  awl  h-ot  liini  iu  addition  fifty  thijiiKnnd 
IMMIIlda.  The  whole  sum  voted  wti*  one  hundml  and  fimrlceti  thou* 
•and  pounds,  of  whieh  (hey  iinmMliatily  paid  him  utMrtytuo  thoutand; 
tlia  remuoder  lie  waa  (o  re4»ive  at  the  rate  of  five  tbouMod  poaad*  a- 
yecr  to  tba  ctoao  of  tlir  charter ;  the  other  two  Ibouaaod  pouDib  wen 
to  b«  Mopped  to  rapay  iIm'  hMu  of  filly  ibouiand  jMUDdt,  and  hia  eMaie 
m*  charged  with  a  morlgagv  lor  the  Him  of  fourteen  tlioaMod  pouml* 
which  would  he  du«  to  tlw  Company  whi-n  the  ehnrler  etpired."*  Mr 
llwunga  iarviv«<l  (h>«  grant  thirty-lhrrt.- yrar*.  Ileilie<lin  I81&  A 
inr  jTMi*  bebrv  hn  death  hr  ««■  appointed  a  privy -coiinelllar. 

Mr  Hatting*  waa  a  miin  of  iMtrr*.  Many  acbolat*  oiid  mra  ot  lalriil 
hara  tninJntwl  ihc  eeleliraicd  ode  of  Horace  '  Olium  dima  rogat,'  hi: 
Tlw  traodalion  of  Mr  Hantingn  a  lopcrior  to  tliom  all.  Ho  wrote  llic 
MUnmiof  line*  in  Mickte'i  cxevUeiit  K'nion  of  Um-  I.nnad  of  Camo4n«, 
to  b«  iosartcd  at  the  end  of  the  •fici.'ch  of  Pacbeco : 

'  Yrt  ihrtiik  K4,  (fttlABi  LiuUK  a«  Mraat 
nal  aaii'i  sUtwl  dMUajr  W  lUnr; 


TIL 


Fnm  HalnnMl  hf  Hi^  StoU. 
i  a 


«l« 


FOLITICAL  aKBIBS. 


Pell  mnllri;  on  tiii  juirliiiu  uviia  Blffmii  -, 
Oo  JlritnioV  rnnttittitii*  fur  ^du  mmit, 
Ai  nnw  iin  Ihr^,  Ihia  li*nli  ilcpMn  orfal*; 
Tliut  ira  uiiibitiun'i  funilcM  hojiea  a*«rrMf4>M. 
On*  ilin  iBiiiriioii'd,  uhI  «no  li>«)  inpMcb'U.' 


In  1799,  Mr  HtutiDgs  publitbotj  aiid  circulnl^d  atnongtt  hi*  fncada 
a  vi>)aBi(!  cntitied  '  Debale*  of  (iio  Iloii*c  of  Lords  an  ihn  KTi<l«^c>n 
tltlivL-rvd  ill  llie  Trial  of  Warron  IlaMingn.  ii*q.  ;  I'rocceilliigi  of  lliv 
Eaal  ludiu  Cui[i|Kiiiy  iti  Cnnarqiiriicic  »f  hU  Acquittal;  ami  Tritinio- 
Dials  of  ili«  UiiiiAli  and  Nnliii;  liiliabitants  of  India  rctativc  to  ilia 
Characler  aiid  CouducI  whilit  he  «ii»  Governor -gen  prnl  of  Fort-Wil- 
liam in  DeQj^al.'  4t».  Drbrttl.  Frain  hii  prrlikcc  wp  shall  nuke  tom% 
extracta :  "  Tbe  impeach mcuk"  Iw  ubscn-i-s,  "  had,  iWim  ■  varietur  of 
weii-knowTi  cau»os,  f  urilcd  nt  lint  a  curiosity  ami  intrn^iil  in  the  mindii 
of  ibe  public  to  an  UDcomnion  (Ii-);n!c:  but  an  year  til\rt  yi«r  dra^ad 
on  the  lengthened  procfM^ing*.  without  opening'  any  apparent  praapeet 
of  their  terminnlion,  thia  vrry  circumslanne — which  had  a  principal 
alikre  In  producing  th«  first  iinprcaiion,  anil  which  nii;i;ht  bavu  bc«n 
(xpect(-d  to  augment  it  in  proportion  as  the  cuuic  was  ^rFatrr— de* 
privet!  il  of  much  of  it*  t-flect.  The  woudt-r  cciiscii  nt  what  had  becii 
long  and  without  rariotioii  in  use  :  and  ut  leiigili  fuUeit  into  iadiili!n-nc<! 
to  uU  but  the  hut  mult,  which  had  still  th«  puwiir  of  novelty  to  attract 
il.  By  hint  who  wan  Ihti  iinnii-diato  subject  of  this  great  »pcctac)c. 
theac  clnuigen  wrought  by  it  in  the  minds  of  his  couuirj'uico  were  c«n> 
teiuplali-d  with  much  regrut  aud  solicitude.  Bound  to  the  a-ukc  daring 
a  period  of  iiiii<?  lou^  years,  and  asMiled  as  he  h^d  bMrn  by  ail  the 
power  of  the  nation  let  loose  at  once  upon  hiiui  all  his  hupi*  of  lolnro 
retrtbutiou  grew  uaturally  out  of  the  sensations  of  tliat  part  of  his  sub* 
■taooe  (if  the  enpressjoti  may  be  allowed)  which  had  sutfcrird  mo*t  from 
the  attacks  of  his  accusers,  and  lo  which  Ihey  wcic  wholly  directed,^ 
liiii  pret«ut  fame,  and  the  estimation  of  his  character  in  the  judgment 
of  futurity.  Had  he  been  permitted  to  mix  in  tirut  (juiel  retirement 
wliiob  bia  time  of  life  ilcmaiidcd,  witli  the  general  mass  uf  Boeiely,  th« 
ulraoat  extension  of  exiitenci'  which  he  could  have  expected,  beyond 
the  duration  of  hi*  bndily  frnmr,  won  what  n  page  of  history  might  bc< 
slow  u)ion  bill),  IW  huving,  in  a  iioubltd  nd ministration  of  thirteen  ycarsi 
yielded  some  acciaiioii  cjf  tvttnlih  and  rcupect  lo  th«  general  slock  of 
his  country.  But  whrn  cvrry  incaHurr  of  liit  goveTDmeni  was  anaigoed 
a«  criiniual  in  thu  name  of  ihut  country,  and  crim«a  uncharged  wt^rw 
praaaed  into  llic  caunc  against  him, — and  when  the  tiro  great  parties 
which  divided  this  kingdom,  diiagrccing  in  ail  tilings  besides,  agreed  in 
his  condc-in nation, — he  raw  liiinKlt'  placed,  ns  it  wt^re,  on  a  scaffi>ld  ot 
•uch  elevation  a>  to  U^come  a  conspicuous  object,  not  to  one  alone,  but 
to  remote  ages  and  distant  nations  i  uud  hi)  nnmo  doomed  lo  be  re- 
corded  in  large  and  lasting  remembrance,  in  the  characters  of  praise  or 
iufauiy,  according  as  the  hnal  issue  of  the  trial,  if  he  Lived  to  resell  il> 
should  slump  il  with  eitlier.  Unequal  as  tlic  conieit  eccmcd,  he  knew 
hi*  own  innucetiee,  and  thus  eumcinua  liiukcd  forward  wilh  eonlidcace 
lo  Ihttt  issue  1  fearful  unly  leat  the  course  of  nature— in  which  Ibera 
were  laatiy  chanc<-A  agiiin&t  him — might  intercept  it ;  and,  while  imcoo- 


rkuon.] 


WARBBX  BAITIRQ*. 


*ll: 


ccni«<l  for  any  incidcnUl  cMiMMfuctica  of  the  trial,  hopeful  only  tluii 
bu  r(7)uUti<>n  luifi'it  ultiniab'ly  r'nc,  and  iu  iluration  iiicTMM,  in  pr<»- 
purtioii  10  lliL>  atifniptB  whit^b  bad  been  made  to  ileprcaa  and  dr>troy  it. 
If  in  MitcrtaiiitDg  ihii  pspcctalioii  be  wa»  miaUtd  by  a  lUic  estimalo  of 
liiv  owD  importa.iice,  many  circunuUncH  MOfinred  to  crvtitc  and  to 
JNttUy  the  di'luuou  :  the  tnthutiailic  oiuitty  of  bis  numcrou*  fri«-nib, — 
Um  mjMTvt  vhicit,  eiren  iu  tbu  imiiit  unfavourable  limea  of  bia  pnnrcii- 
lioo,  h«  expcrieiio«d  rroiu  Mroiii^rs  amiiD^rt  vUum  Ii«  ocoaaionaUy 
allied,  but  lo  wliom  lie  alwayt  suuglit  to  be  uiiknonn, — tlio  marked 
inwrMt  of  bit  icgal  Mtnrauca  in  hii  <suu>,  {.-rvatly  iici'MliaK  tbu  iiU' 
pube  of  men  prottHioiMl  ml>  and  aiMiri};  a  ruduublrd  Turcu  to  ilicir 
MWlMoaMd  rioquencr,  tliougb  all  dlrai](;L'n<  to  liim  before  they  mrc 
ti^ig«4  in  bia  dcfeoce.— tbe  auimated  r«pli«a  wliicli  nere  made  by 
many  of  ike  witnuMMj  boUi  thoae  wbo  were  cdled  to  ibi^  prosecutiaa 
and  to  the  defrnoe^  lo  qiieMlOM  put  to  then  mpectiug  bia  ([«Mral 
cbaracur,— And  tbe  loaded  iMtimoiiial*  of  lli«  oaii**  inb^ilaBts  of  the 
pnrinen  wbwh  bo  wu  diarged  mtb  bavjng  opprtMcd,  plaadend,  and 
dttolUi-d,  DOl  only  diaarowing  tbr  complaint  mada  in  llutir  behalC  but 
profeming  Ihr  raoirary  •rntimcots  of  applouM;  and  lbaii]ifulii<aaL  To 
IbL-M!  may  \k  addrd,  tbimgh  of  prior  rvcnt,  tbc  addrca*ci  of  the  Britbli 
iiiliabitBRli  of  Calcutta,  and  of  tlic  oAitTn  of  tbr  nrtny, — the  fir«t  de- 
livered to  him  on  tbc  day  of  hi*  departure  Irom  them :  the  lalirr  tent 
sflcr  him  to  RngUnd,— ubicb  were  mcb  Itrftimooira  of  gcnrral  appro- 
bxtion  a*  had  oevcr  bcMi  bcttoirod  on  any  of  hi*  pnilceawon  in  (fa4 
office  which  bo  had  hi-ld,  tbou;;b  maiiy  wvrc  moat  deserving  of  ibeitt. 
Hia  own  heart  told  him  that  bb  intralions  bad  been  good :  and  iincnin 
had  invariably  aUendod  ibeat.  If  froni  h>  many  cancurrNit  reatona  ba 
had  arrogatAd  to  bimatlfaeB*  prrtooaioR*  to  crtcbriiy,  it  waa  not  etlher 
nnnatanl  or  uDreaieaable  le  aspoet  a  muob  larger  portion  of  it  in  tha 
tvtot  of  hIa  acqntUal  from  ao  te*«r«  and  compliciUrd  a  charge,  pe»> 
bmd  by  *o  givat  and  respeclaUo  a  body,  and  tried  by  to  august  a 
Iribaaal,  with  a  world  (u  might  lir  taid)  for  it*  aaacMorv.  Had  that 
Iribaaal  ptoooaneed  Ua  eondanuiJt ion,  intlrnd  of  his  Bc>|uilijl,  his  oaaia 
woald  bare  bean  lOuDded  with  inCaniy  lo  every  notion  in  Europe,  and 
racotdad  with  that  draadM  adjaBct  lo  tbo  latnt  poMarity:  Ita  mart 
bavc  abandoned  bis  own  coanUy,  or  mnaiiwd  ia  it  an  oaloiat  from 
aoeie^i  oor  found  in  any  ollior  ■  [xacrlul  mtiog- place  lor  tbe  aolaa  of 
hb  Met.  eacrpt  llial  only — if  ibcec  ho  might  have  bcoo  poniiitted  to 
•■d  the  sliorl  tctn  of  his  rrmaining  days — wliicb  was  tbe  scenv  of  hit 
allayed  iokgoitic*,  and  wbieb  had  already  pronounced  a  very  diffm-ul 
JadgBtent  upon  them.  Svrrly,  tiK-n,  the  eontcrse  ought  to  be  hia  lot, 
ateoo  ha  baa  paaad  tbroagb  such  an  ordeal,  and  itood  tbc  test  of  it, 
Nat  aol  iha  o«aot  of  bia  trial  senned  at  ibc  same  iuntant  lo  have  doaid 
the  paUie  attention  apon  it.  though  lor  a  short  interval  mived  by  tha 
genrraus  effbtls  of  hia  ctcr- indulgent  niastrr*.  the  East  India  company, 
■0  allaviua  fab  pcvnaiary  loaaea.  and,  by  an  art  of  extmonlinary  btMnty, 
to  Manp  Ibeir  approbation  on  kis  post  srrvic^-s.  I'be  nverm  i>r  hi*  trial 
•M  BOW  known  bat  to  a  few,  and  by  a  n-ry  small  portion  of  tbcsc  dis- 
tinody  iwi  mill  nil  id  To  the  r««t  of  the  world,  if  it  recurs  at  all,  tlio 
length  of  Ita  durarion,  and  its  legal  isaue,  are  probably  all  that  reiBaia 
of  it.    I'hui  Ikt  tbc  piM  of  Davus.  aud  hi*  uuatvr'a  iliurt  and  dedaiTO 


tit 


POLlTIClt  SKniES. 


[Nimi 


reply  mnr  bo  aplly  applicJ  lo  the  case  of  Mr  H«6liog«,  id  bb  (tp{w«l 

lo  Ihc  JuMice  of  bu  country  :  , 

* 

■  Koo  hngiiiHTiD  uwiili — oud  paim  In  ttu»  tonof.* 

Well  will  il  be  for  him,  ir  no  wonr  doling  kwaiu  him.  Tlie  virlnec' 
uf  caudour  and  beooTolcDCe  are  grntio  and  uncblruiiivv ;  and,  althougti 
tbe  portion  or  the  br  greater  pari  of  tnotikiiid,  nrcly  ujicrale  tu  Iba 
bendSt  of  tlio»c  nho  tn  the  public  nitjccu  of  iht'm.  Tiie  scvltJ^  of 
teiiiure  if  an  active  principle,  and  n'bm  ondcr  tb«  guiilaner  of  fulio* 
or  prejudice,  tlioiigh  but  the  breiiih  of  lui  individual  givu  it  utterance 
it  Hill  aoiDeliinet  (ivrr|nner  or  at  le;ut  uullaat  the  Mill  volot!  of  apphild* 
tng  Ihoumnds.  SoniFtliinft  like  tliU  In-  baa  already  experieneed :  and, 
lo  guard  agninit  tbc  lulan:  effects  uf  sueh  a  cauae,  it  was  naiiirsl  for 
liim  to  mitli  to  plate,  either  in  tbe  haud*  of  the  pnblic,  or  in  radi  olber 
»t  «<in1tl  iiMurc  a  conTcyaiice  lu  jiusitrily.  soumi  meiiiorul  which  inigbl 
(crve  at  tbc  *unie  lime  tiir  u  piuttctiou  to  hia  future  fuiitc,  and  a  jiuU- 
fieslion  of  111*  at^iuiiul :  for  rxalled  u  ibil  eoart  la,  by  wliicll  it 
pruoDunci'd,  ilti  jttMic«  may  be,  and  baa  beciii  arrkigMd." 


4 


iS1)te)<irti,  EorU  diriiborouir!). 

amm  a.  d.  1730. — hkd  t~  ».  ISIS. 

TkIs  eminent  judge  wak  a  native  of  tbc  county  of  Cumberland,  asd 
vai  MMi  of  Ur  Ediuuuil  Law,  biitliop  of  Carlisle.  He  waa  edncalHl, 
until  be  arrived  at  the  age  of  iwelie  year*,  by  lii*  uncle,  tbe  Her. 
Humphrey  Christian,  who  rMided  at  Boilaain  near  Cauibridgie,  and  waa 
Mrut  tu  ike  Chnrler-bouw ;  tbcDce  be  leiuuved,  in  1768,  to  S(  Peter's 
college.  CaaibTMlge,  of  nhicb  liia  btiier  bad  beeu  appoioted  muUr  in 
\7M. 

AArr  be  bad  bikeii  hi*  baclidor*a  degree  with  great  credit,  being 
third  nnutgter  aiitl  truior  loedalliat,  be  wai  adniitled  of  Liueoln'*  ina. 
He  wiu  not,  bowevcr,  called  at  tbs  ufoal  atanding.  preterrfaig  to  prac- 
tiae  uuder  llw  bar  for  aoraa  tinw.' 

After  h«  bad  been  called  to  Uw  bar,  iMr  Law  went  tbe  noribem  cir- 
cuit,  moat  peobably  on  accoiiBt  of  tbe  advuniuges  nliieli  be  cxgiected  to 
derive  from  tli«  iaflacncc  of  hia  fallicr.  At  ihia  period,  the  pnueipal 
enmr*  were  in  UiobandaafMeaan  Wallace  atid  Lee.  Among  the  junior 
vounatl  were  llir  fiilurv  Lorda  AncUaad,  Eldon,  and  Alvaule)-.  TIm 
Ar«t  of  lbc>«  *«on  alidleated  the  prol«Mioi>  of  the  law  for  politica.  tito 
laat  ns  iitditced  to  remove  to  the  cbenet'ry-bar,— Low  and  ScoU  rv> 
niadned  to  dtvide  between  tbem  tbe  rich  luirrtst  of  tbat  fteld  whicb  Ibo 
adranectBcBt  of  tbetr  great  predMCMOia  aoon  left  open  to  lliem. 

Among  Law'a  eariieat  and  moat  valuable  fHendi  were  Judge  BuUcr 


'  Laitjen  in  <M*  riluuiun  u»  net  tllavc-l  la  affHi  in  tt»  ttianeler  of  uiiMUmt 
tk*)i  iadmd  aaM  In  ilnwlBf  u|i  wHiivn  |ilaalin|:N  ami  tia  eilM  imUH  pteaJ^i 
1>M  Uw  Km  Ihaj  tMvlis  im  !(■  Ihan  iliuw  itt»ii  lo  xUn  ifvci*!  |4m4c«>  vW  hU» 
kwa  BinlUBt  lu  ik>  Uw.  Thr  mJtnnXtsitt.  liimniFf,  atluii'tlnit  Diit  |4iB  ire.  fractlea 
a)  an  MriT  ^rliHl,  »M  llw  omwimiIiIo  ii  tlhnU  U  UmiAng  umM  ninnerllMU  •llh 
«UMk 


I 


I'IKMA.) 


VOWAKD,  LORD  StLZXIOnOVOB. 


ais 


and  Cbirf-juitic4!  Willrs.  Bj  ntpona  of  Ilullfr  l»e  WOO  obtninod  a  hiIIc 
)|awii.  Tu  take  a  >ilk  go«ti  a  thnught  a  bold  itep  in  a  young  Uwyer, 
N*  li(!  thui  wcara  it  muat  lend  in  rvi-ry  raute.  Tbc  ilUlinction,  tiMro* 
foTF,  wt*  bini  a»ide  uii  nil  occiuion*  n-hnn  mrn  «r  Riiprrinr  rrpulau'aa 
are  i;aipti>y4.-d  uko  arc  not  king*!  rouiurJ.  He  muit  rilhrr  lead  or  do 
iiolbiit]; :  if,  thcnfon.-.  be  it  not  lbou)|;{it  fit  to  Irail,  lin  don  nothtii|F, 
aud  it  Mcordingl)-  crualicd  uihIit  lii>  honoiitv.  Mr  Law,  huinsrvr,  liad 
litll«  reuon  to  mtcrlain  apprehfttuwoi*  of  ihb  kind.  A  Mn]{ularty  ablo 
dr/moe  irhieli  lie  made  in  an  intaranoc  auit<,  when  hi>  practice  wa* 
not  yet  very  ctKiwdcnible.  dr«ir  upon  bim  univL-nal  nlteuliun,  and  at 
an«e  ranked  liim  amun);  the  lint  Unycrs  at  tbe  bar.  Hi*  rcputatioa 
vu  furtber  esiriidtil  bj-  iIk-  aclivi!  part  be  to<ik  in  ilic  dcfiiMMB  of  Gov. 
rriior  Haiitin(;il-  Erukiuc  bud  prwKni*ly  dn:liiM-d  ihc  raiisc ;  bU  rcfuiol 
ira«i  buwuvcr,  ooaAidered  uuprofcuional,  and  cooltl  harr  be«n  veutun.'d 
<Mi  only  by  a  luaii  of  liii  ntubtidbed  ct'lvbrity.  Oiiv  very  Bcrioui  in* 
cuiKcfiiiUM  arialoi;  to  Lair  irat,  that  it  hurt  his  tnisiim*  id  Westuiiii* 
Mt-r-liatL  A  CDitm«l  wboae  pnwBce  could  itot  be  depeudrd  upoo,  atni 
wlio  might  be  called  away  at  a  inlnut«'a  uotieci  to  allmd  tbe  houtv,  was 
nol  likely  to  be  retained  by  any  one  wbo  eonld  do  bettrr.  lie  bad 
likewiae  a  new  M*t  of  nicn  to  coiilend  wilb, — Fux,  Burke,  Adaio*.  and^ 
«orM  of  all,  SkerMui,  wboM  kern  *ar»Hic  wit  could  no*  be  excreiwd 
ini  R  morv  teakitin:  icBiprr,  Bat  tbe  loaaea,  faliguca,  and  vunlioaa 
Mr  t.Bw  endured  from  thia  pngageoM^t,  w«re^  no  doubl,  amply  eom- 
prBMtMl  by  wliat  be  gained  in  hia  repuiatioD,  for  be  conducted  the 
(kfenca  with  coniaouiMia  ability. 

'Ihc  w«y,  bowcTer,  vu  not  yet  completely  Hiwolh  bclore  hJoi.  By 
kfitcceauoD  or  ttuferluute  eireuBMUnce*  be  made  an  entmy  to  litqi- 
mitia  Lurd  Kenyon,  wbo  took  every  opparluoily  ti>  llmart  and  haraca 
bIiii.  Tills  cuiiduct  on  tbe  part  of  Lord  Kcnyou  once  drew  from  Law 
a  very  ba)>)iy  c|u«talion.  Enkiue,  wbo  waa  cngagol  oo  tlie  oppoailn 
aidcy  bod  mailv  a  very  vMcnt  ipi-ccb,  coiilaiuiu^  some  perM>naliti<-s  of 
■IKli  a  lulnre  thai  Law  fell  cooiprlled  to  notice  tlicui.  Wlu-u  be  gut 
ti|t  to  n-ply,  he  repeated  tbe  futlowinf;  lioe>  from  VirgU: 

Dleta  ttm  oan  mr  to*  tentiM  iart«ni, 
DM  ••  icmoi  ol  Jupliar  tlMUh 

On  circuit  Lav  wa*  now  without  a  rival ;  in  WntnlMtefhall  hi* 
>u)H-riority  wot  not  *o  cTidetiL  Mr  Erkkioe,  a*  a  lewliag  covimcI.  |m»- 
MWHcd  a  roon  catanaiva  tbougli  pcrhap*  Icmi  »o!i<l  reputation.  *■  In 
■peaking  of  tbetf  great  moD  tbe  exprMMon  may  jiutly  be  u»ed  wlijeJi 
Quintilian  Kpplio  to  Li*y  and  Sallu^,  that  they  are  *  Pare*  mojjia 
<|UBm  nnika,  ^-equnl  to  each  other,  rntbcr  tlian  like  e«di  otb«r.  If 
Mr  Etvkine  be  a  fine  tpcaki-r,  bi»  rival  i*  a  more  ac«>mpli»]itil  lawyer- 
It  Mr  l^rakiDc  captival«a  tbo  iiBagibaiioii  by  the  brilliann  of  hi*  idc««, 
auil  Ibif  eleganoo  of  bit  laogungc.  Lord  EUcoborangb  MbjecU  ibc  un- 
drnlaiMliug  by  tbo  Mrfngtb  of  hi*  expretaion,  and  by  a  wrigbt  of  »cti> 
limrnt  and  nultrr,  wbtcb  alnayt  prodoooa  an  efl'pcl  propurtionalc  to 
Iho  nipaf^iiiea  of  hii  bcarctx.  1  bai  egoticm  vbich  perplexc*  ilic  plead- 
iiijia  of  tbe  former,  by  Mudyiiig  lo  divide  tlir  aiteiitiun  between  binuelf 
■nil  ibc  <auiic,  *a>  never  ]>ervci*ctl  lu  tbi>  latter,  lie  appeared  to  rc- 
Canl  nuiliiiig  but  hi*  raiwi-,  and  etibvr  lo  U'  Inditfcriiil  lu  ailmlralion, 
or  lo  aeck  it  only  by  ilocrvltig  a.     If  ibey  bo  ooai|)«nd  M  bwyvt>> 


tl4  roLITKAL  SSUEa.  (liin« 

the  Mipenaritjr  most,  witboot  boiuiJon,  be  allowed  to  Lord  EDeobif 
roagk.  An  importaDt  part  of  Mr  Enkine'a  life  wm  iott  to  hi*  prafc*. 
MOD.  U)d  tfae  ipleadoDr  of  U»  onlorieal  poven  adnoeed  Um  iota 
poUic  ootice  loon  alter  be  bad  derated  hiwdf  to  iL  Tbe  grot  p*^ 
lice  which  immedtatdy  followed  tbe  6nt  manifcatalian  of  hia  talentai 
tbougb  it  natDnlly  iDcreased  bis  koowledge,  took  froa  bioi  tbe  oppor- 
luoity  of  Making  tboae  laborioui  inTestigationi  whicb  are  ill  i  liilij  to 
COnfJete  tbe  character  of  a  profoood  lawyer-  Lord  Ellenbonxigfa,  oa 
tEie  coatnry,  hai  enjoyed  every  adrantage  of  oppmtanity  aod  traiaia^ 
and  bat,  dnring  tbe  whole  of  hb  Ufe,  dbplajed  an  iDdostry  no  lea*  ■■- 
eonmon  than  the  atnlitiei  by  which  it  wm  directed.'* 

On  tbe  farmation  of  tbe  Addington  minwtiy.  Law  wai  made  itlwiMj 
geoeraL  Tbi*  office  if  always  nnderatood  to  be  a  at^  to  bigher  Ntna< 
tioM ;  and  Mr  Law,  on  the  death  of  I^ord  Kenyoo,  wai  appointed,  is 
April,  1802,  cfaiefjiutice  of  the  coort  of  KiDg*s  bench,  and  elented  b) 
8  peerage,  by  tbe  title  of  Baron  EUenborongb,  which  be  took  bom  m. 
Irule  village  wbere  hU  ancestor*  had  for  nutny  genetatiooa  rerided  in 
tbe  bnmble  rank  of  yeomen.  In  tbe  hoose  of  loids  be  pnaerred  the 
Muoe  lofty  bearing ;  and,  on  the  loTestigmtion  ioto  the  eondnct  of  the 
prittceH  of  Wales,  charged  those  who  bad  propagated  rep«1s  prejudi- 
cial to  the  inveatigatora,  wilh  baring  uttered  what  was  "aa&laeai  bieUI" 
He  was  a  determined  opponent  of  tbe  Catholics.  A  true  insight  into 
his  character  may  be  gained  from  the  few  words  used  by  Lord  Grea- 
ville,  when  be  assigned  bim  a  seat  at  the  council-board :  "  I  thought  I 
perceived  bad  times  approaching,  and  I  »elected  him  as  a  strong  and 
resolute  mind."  As  a  judge,  he  upheld  the  existing  laws  and  iiutitn- 
tions ;  but  the  bias  he  evinced  against  prisoners  cm  poUtical  trials  has 
rendered  bis  name  uDpopolar;  and  he  was  much  disUked  bj  tbe  bar, 
to  whom  be  was,  in  general,  arrogant  and  overbearing. 

In  1617,  OD  the  trial  of  William  Hone  for  inramous  and  pro&De  Ubdst 
Lord  Ellenborougb  charged  tbe  jury  to  bring  in  a  verdict  of  guilty. 
Tbe  jury,  however,  acquitted  tbe  prisoner,— «  disappointment  wUcb  is 
said  to  have  hastened  his  lordship's  death.  In  November,  1818,  Ite 
retired,  in  bad  health  and  spirits,  firoro  the  fatigues  of  office,  and  e3q>ired 
in  tbe  December  following.     He  left  a  fortune  of  £240,000. 

Lord  Ellenborough  is  universally  allowed  to  have  t>eea  an  excellent 
lawyer.  Daring  the  sixteen  yean  he  presided  in  his  court  hia  judg- 
ments, which  were  always  delivered  in  tbe  most  el^ant  language, 
evinced  bb  prcrfbund  knowledge  of  the  law  in  all  its  branches;  and  on 
mercantile  subjects  his  decisions  are  considered  of  the  veiy  bighe** 
authority. 


0iv  0amutl  XUimUl£. 

BoaH  A.  n.  1757. — dibd  *.  o.  1818, 

This  virtuous  patriot  and  enlightened  lawyer  was  bom  on  tbe  1st  of 
March,  1757,  in  Westminster.  His  father  was  a  jeweller  in  I,ODdon, 
descended  from  a  French  protcstant  bmily  whom  the  revocation  of  the 

■  PnbUc  Ownetsn.     Lswloa :  ISD4. 


FMwn.J 


Sin  SAMOBL  aoMILLV. 


Sf» 


edict  or  Naiitr*  liail  runijii'llcU  to  ii-rk  n-fiige  iit  Knglnnd.  Hi*  nuiili^r 
also  «'«8  of  rrciicli  i-xtracliuu.  He  was  remArkuUe  at  «n  coriy  cgp  for 
vivacity  of  k-mfwr,  but  was  subJMtt  al>»o  to  eitn-Dic  uiTvout  <l«prr««ioii. 
'I'ill  the  Mgif  of  Tourtton  bu  education  was  little  attended  to;  biit  nbuut 
thnt  period  of  lile  be  bad  the  jrood  forluiie  to  bave  hi*  own  ricrticiiu  in 
the  attainnu-nt  of  knowledge  aided  by  lliv  judicious  advice  and  omm- 
aoceof  tbc  Rev.  John  Roget,  wbu  *ubae(|ue[itly  murri^^l  hi«  only  (ttier. 
Ho  liad  <«rly  uBuirested  a  decided  predilrctioa  fitr  the  bar,  and  in 
May,  I77H,  he  hm  allowed  to  gratify  Ibb  partiality  by  rntcrin|;  i,f 
Gray's  inn.  He  puniuod  fait  pfofcMioMl  aludies  with  grnil  anionr, 
until,  to  coti*e<)uc-uce  of  llie  ftllgne  which  be  auUaiueil  a>  a  private  in 
tbc  Gray's  inn  aModBlto)  during  the  riotn,  be  was  obliged  to  tvlax  in 
the  iotrtisily  or  hit  appUcalion,  and  soon  after  to  r«cruit  hinisrlf  by  a 
joiinwj  to  tha  flOaUBMI.  During  bti  otay  io  Paris,  lie  Im-jiniir  nc- 
quainted  among  odur  nen  or  letter*  with  D'Alembtrt  and  Diikrai, 
who  seem  to  bate  takon  lome  pttina  to  gain  so  ingenuous  a  youth  over 
to  tbeir  own  tpecii1aliT«  AjMBions.  Fonunati'ly,  howerer,  tli«  attempt 
failed,  and  young  lloinJIly  kFI  ibc  French  capitnl  with  hia  rellgioiu  and 
moral  principle*  rathrr  rnulirtni-d  than  ihakpn  by  what  h«  bad  beard 
mad  tctn  during  hi*  abode  in  that  rmporiam  of  immoiralitj  and  tnfiddity. 
Young  Romitly  wax  a  dose  and  iDtdligcnl  tpccutor  of  political  eveiiU, 
and  apcot  much  of  his  liinc  ItttMimg  to  ibe  oebaica  in  iwrlianient.  Hb 
rcraaxka  on  Ibe  subject*  which  canie  before  Ibe  lioa«e,  aoi)  on  the  uyle 
and  character*  of  tbe  rariotia  apeaLen, — topics  which  be  wa«  fcnd  of 
tntrodticiDg  into  his  epistobtry  eorreapon deuce, — ehow  liim  not  merely 
to  have  been  an  ectile  obnerver,  but  a  wetl-granDded  potilieisn.  The 
great  maxim*  by  wbtefa  he  drrred  his  |iotiiiml  eour»r  when  hlmM'lf  an 
actor  on  the  accnc  of  Bliich  he  hwl  to  nflrti  lieen  •  rileBt  speetator, 
were  not  taken  np  *uddrr)ly,  but  werr  the  m-uh  of  prolbiind  and  fre* 
fjneitt  meditation  on  Uie  principle*  of  (fovcmmrot  and  sofiil  equity. 

On  the  2d  of  June,  17B3,  Mr  Knmilly  wo*  called  to  the  bar.  HI* 
fcelitig*  on  ibb  occasion  arr  thus  dncribcd  in  vav  of  hit  letter*:  "  The 
nearer  I  approach  thr  term  whii^b  I  have  ofteo  wished  for,  thn  more  1 
dread  it.  Could  I  Init  t\-altee  the  partial  hope*  of  my  friend*,  there 
would  be  DO  doubt  of  div  mccets  almost  beyond  my  wiihrs.  Etol  in 
myself  1  have  a  niDcb  less  indulgi-nt  Mnsor,  and  in  this  prrbaiis  aloflr 
I  cannot  suffer  their  judgment  to  bavc  c<]unl  wrigbt  with  my  ovn.  I 
hav«  taught  mytelf  a  >ery  uieftil  lenou  of  pnetical  philosophy,  whicli 
la,  not  to  salTer  my  happtoew  10  demnd  upoa  my  tuce«as.  Shoald  my 
wlibea  be  grslifled,  I  pronlae  mjai^r  to  employ  all  the  taleuts,  and  all 
the  Duthorily  I  may  acquire,  for  the  pnhlhi  g004i— '  I'airi*  impendnv 
riiam.'  SJiould  I  bil,  I  console  myself  wltb  tMnking  that  the  hambletl 
sitnalion  of  life  has  its  dntiea,  which  one  mwt  reepi<Y  a  Mliffaelion  in 
diadiarging.  and  lltat  at  least  my  consdenca  will  bear  me  the  plraaiug 
teadnouy  of  liaring  intended  well."  It  was  Ibrlunaie  for  llie  jvvtg 
bantaar  that  be  began  hi*  eare«r  with  such  •entioMint*,  Ibr  ha  roae  but 
•hnHy,  aiid  fbr  Ive  yearn  wu  atnioul  wiihoal  boifaaM,  Hi*  peenllarty 
nervou*  tempenmenl  wa*  an  alinoti  ftial  obvtaele  to  his  raptd  Meeaw 
at  ibe  bar;  and  It  was  not  nntil  liy  liubit  hr  had  grarfunlly  ctuMjaered 
hif  aelMflMance  nifd  drrail  of  uvan.  that  be  lirpin  to  pwsh  hi*  way 
ataon^  tbe  crowd  of  rivals  which  Ixirt  bn  path.  That  difflrtilty  mas- 
trrvd,  be  roae  both  rapidly  and  safely.     In  I7D1  be  hod  netptird  coa- 


S16  POUTICAL   SERIES.  (Ml>TH 

■idermble  practice  as  a  junior  <^>unKl ;  and  Id  1797  lie  b^nit  to  be 
ksowD  a*  ft  leader.  The  Ute  marquees  of  Lamdowne  waa  one  of  the 
fint  to  dUcoTcr  the  tterling  talents  of  the  ruing  barrister ;  and  it  waa 
in  ibat  Dobleman's  house  that  Homiily  became  Brat  acquainted  with  the 
lady  whom  be  alWrwards  mairlAl,  and  whose  eiisteace  brcame  so  clocely 
identified  with  his  own.  In  1800  he  was  created  king's  cunnsel ;  and 
in  1806,  when  Fox  came  into  office,  he  was  made  solicitor-general, 
luighted,  and  reluraed  to  parliaoicat  for  Queen  borough. 

Soon  after  having  tatcen  his  seat,  Sir  Samuel  was  appointed  one  of 
the  managers  of  the  impeachment  of  Lord  Melville,  and  aojaitted  him- 
self with  extraordinary  ability  in  the  arduous  task.  He  took  his  share 
in  the  discusfcion  relative  to  the  abolition  of  the  slave-trade ;  and,  od 
the  accomplishment  of  that  great  object,  tuned  his  aitcution  to  the 
state  of  the  penal  code.  His  lirat  efforts  to  mitigate  the  criminal  juris- 
prudence of  his  country  were  directed  at  the  repeal  of  the  statute  of 
6*  Eliz.  c.  4.  by  which  the  punishment  of  death  was  inflicted  for  the 
offence  of  privately  stealing  from  the  person.  He  succeeded  in  his  ob- 
ject this  time :  but  was  repeatedly  baiilFd  in  the  progress  of  bis  labours 
for  the  mitigation  of  the  penal  code.  Several  of  Ibe  measures,  howevtr, 
which  he  advocated  so  strenuously,  though  unsuccessfully,  have  since 
his  death  been  carried  into  effect  by  the  British  parliament.  The  local 
jorispmdence  of  England  likewise  engaged  his  most  earnest  tlionghts ; 
he  ^tempted  to  correct  a  strange  anomaly,  productive  of  the  mo«t 
■erioaa  injustice  in  the  taw  of  debtor  and  creditor,  by  rendering  freehold 
estates  subject  to  the  payment  of  simple  contract  debts;  and  he  strenu- 
ously supported  that  improvement  in  our  law  which,  by  making  pro* 
perty  answerable  for  civil  debts,  took  away  from  the  mercikM  creditor 
the  right  of  incarcerating  his  debtor. 

Oa  the  dissolution  of  parliament  in  June,  1618,  Sir  Samuel  Rom- 
illy  waa  put  in  nomination  as  one  of  the  candidates  for  Westminster, 
on  the  requisition  of  a  large  and  respectable  body  of  electors.  The 
contest  was  one  of  the  keenest  on  record,  but  it  ended  in  bis  being 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  poll :  the  numbers  being  for  Sir  Samuel 
5339,  for  Sir  Francis  Burdelt  5238 ;  and  for  Sir  Murray  Maxwell 
4808.  It  was  not,  however,  permitted  by  an  inscrutable  Providence 
thiU  he  should  live  to  occupy  the  proud  station  in  the  senate  of  his 
country  thus  provided  for  him.  The  declining  health  of  Lady  Romilly 
had  been,  for  several  months,  a  source  of  great  uneasiness  and  anxiety 
to  her  affectionate  husband.  His  mental  anguish  increased  day  by 
day  as  the  symptoms  of  his  lady's  disease  assumed  a  more  btal  aspect, 
and  his  friends  at  last  began  to  entertain  fears  of  mental  derangement. 
Every  thing  Ibat  skill  and  solicitude  could  suggest  was  had  recourse  to, 
but  in  vain;  Lady  Romilly  expired  on  the  29th  of  October,  1818,  and 
ID  four  days  after  her  husband,  in  the  violence  of  frenzy,  terminated 
hb  own  existence. 

"  In  person,"  says  bis  biographer,  Mr  Peter,  ■■  Sir  Samuel  Romilly 
was  tail  and  justly  proportioned,  with  a  countenance  regular  and  pleas- 
ing ;  bat  tinged  with  deep  shades  of  thought,  and  susceptible  of  the 
greatest  or  tenderest  emotions.  His  manners  were  distinguished  by 
■ingular  modesty,  unaffected  simplicity,  and  the  kindest  attention  and 
regard  to  the  wishes  and  feelings  of  others.  His  habits  were  temperate 
■todion^  ud  domestic.    Mo  tnaa  erer  indulged  leas  in  those  punniita. 


F 


Pnioa-I 


MR  aAMVKt.  KOMILLT. 


iir 


wbich  Uie  worid  calk  plc*Hira^  He  ro«e  regularly  at  *ix  o'doci,  anil 
Has  occapipd  during  tbc  grc.itcr  pnrt  a(  thr  day,  and  In-qiicnlJy  to  a 
late  hour  al  night,  rillutr  in  utody  or  iaborioui  fttlpodanc!  on  liix  prnle^- 
•iiMMl  nnd  parliaaicntaTj  dutic*.  Whit  little  inirnali  of  lri>iir«'  could 
be  natclied  from  1ii»  toil*  Iw  anxioiulj-  drminl  to  ilomnlic  intrrcourae 
and  enjojnicntfi.  Moilrnitc  in  liii  otrn  rtprnM-t,  lie  wax  grnrroiu  vilh- 
Mll  oateiilatioa  lo  Ihr  iranti  of  Otb^n;  bikI  tbr  riu|uiiitr.  nrfmiUility  of 
hi»  nalure  wa»  n«v«r  vaon  Mrikingly  dtifibynl  iban  in  thi^  frrvrnt  ecu] 
villi  itU'teh  hi«  profceaioDal  knowlf^e  wax  always  n-ady  to  be  fxcrled 
Ibr  tbc  dntitDte  and  oppmecd.^-(i>r  thoMt  vhn  might  m><'iu,  in  iWir 
ponaiy,  lo  bavc  been  left  without  a  fnond.  Even  to  the  latt,  «li«it 
dalciaf;  under  the  ireighl  ofdomnlie  affliction,  when  anticipotiiig  as  its 
probable  reiuli  a  wrcichcl  life  of  meDta]  malady  and  darLoeM,  lie  wa> 
•till  inl«iit  oil  tbe  welfare  and  ba|>p«ne«»  of  tbote  around  liiiii-  Thu  re- 
ligion of  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  was,  like  bi*  life,  pure,  fen'etit,  and  volight- 
ened.  UiKlouded  by  nupervtiiion  or  intolcranoc,  it  »hoDe  Ibrth  in  piom 
gmilade  lo  God,  nod  in  charity  to  oil  noukind."  "  How  noblv  and 
pure,"  Mys  Mr  Roscoc,  "  wiu  the  ambition  of  Sir  Samuel  Itumilly,  wc 
■May  leun  from  the  Ihltowing  broutiful  puuge*.  where  be  ba*  explained 
tli«  pnBciples  on  wbicb  be  propoted  lii*  rt^riBi  in  the  criminal  law. 
*  It  is  not,'  fotd  he,  on  addreaung  the  bouse  nf  coramouf,  '  from  light 
tnoiives, — it  »  from  no  fanciful  notton*  of  brm-roleoce,— Uiat  1  hatv 
venuired  lo  suggest  any  alteration  in  the  criminal  law  of  England-  It 
haa  OflgilMted  in  many  yrani'  reflection,  sikI  in  the  long-esublisbed  be* 
lief  tlial  a  mitigation  of  Ibe  severe  p<-naltic«  of  our  law  will  be  one  of 
the  niosl  cfiirclual  nodes  to  prcfcnc  and  ailvonce  ll>«  buDuiiitr  iiid 
jiutice  tor  nliich  lliia  country  b  so  endnenlly  ilirtinguithcd.'  And  Uv 
tfau(  conrludiv  t\>f  oinic  vpcvch  i  *  AoUiatcd  by  these  niolirca,  it  I*  doi 
lo  be  inuiginrd  that  I  iball  be  caaily  dbcuuragcd  hy  any  of  th«  variau* 
obatnclc*  mi  commonly,  and  parbaps  with  proprirly.  opposed  to  otcry 
nltrinpt  to  alter  an  eMabli*li<^  Law :  upon  such  a  misuincc  I  calcuUted, 
but  am  not  to  be  deterred.  I  knew  tliat  my  niolircs  inuf4  oecAxionnlly 
be  misunderstood  by  many,  and  might  poMiMy  bo  miirepresciiled  by 
otbvn.  1  «as  not  htiud  to  the  road  vbcrc  jmidifioc  |ioiiiinl  to  preler- 
mrnti  bat  I  ant  not  to  be  milled  frf>iu  com&irts  which  no  oatenial 
bonoun  con  brslow.  I  hare  long  tlioughl  tlut  it  wo*  the  duty  of  every 
IIIU»i  uninuvnl  either  hy  lud  r<-part  or  by  good  report,  lo  use  all  llic 
mfMH  wbicb  ha  poaar>Msl  for  the  purpoto  of  a<lvniiciiig  the  nell-treing 
nf  bis  Mlow-CTC*lnn« :  atid  I  know  not  any  mode  by  which  1  can  bu 
fieelually  advance  that  well  being,  a*  by  cndramuring  lo  iinprorc  ibe 
criminal  law*  of  my  country'  It  ha*  been  insinuaird,  that  indelMed  oa 
I  am  to  the  law,  oouimendalion  rather  than  ceniurr  ought  lo  be  cx- 
|>ecte<l  from  me ;  and  it  ho*  Imtii  awrrtril,  that  uiulrr  iIm'  prriexi  oJ 
|wt>pMltlg  npsrently  immoteriul  otlcraiionit,  my  rral  ohjeel  it  lo  sap 
md  undenMHB  Ihe  wltote  eriminnl  law  of  England.  Sueb  inrinuuiiiMis 
Olid  aasertiona  have  nut,  I  am  uell  aiiare,  been  made  by  any  of  my 
honourable  and  biarnod  (rieiitls  tiy  whum  |  oiu  now  nurrounded,  and 
wbo  hare  witiM'sMil  my  wliuk  pnifi'Miunul  life;  ImiI  they  have  breu 
>»adi',  and  1  niusl,  of  eounv,  suppose,  have  becfi  really  beliuveit.'  ' 


Vll- 


»■ 


9ia 


rviiiuAL  taKicfc 


Ctir  Bigfjt  loan.  6rorgc  iioat. 


■  ^a.  ITIi.    »«»»■».  I4UL 


M*  llo»  aai  beni  ncsr  UoauoM.  in  liic  ■hire  of  Angnw  fthoat  Um 
ycv  1745.  Ub  fatter  «m  a  dnr|E]raMn.  oue  of  iho»c  '  noiyiini^  mia- 
'■Mn*  wha  woald  sol  ■*«»-  kllMbace  to  tbc  bouw  of  BnnMwirk,  oo 
•cniuni  of  Ike  prctenilBl  ri^bt  anil  ioilcfe— ibie  Hocowoa  in  ihe  Slii«n 
Iror.  Tb«  eUrr  hit  ltn»-  mjoyed  the  pratKAion  of  Ui«  cati  of  !VI«r«lt- 
moal,— ■  doUmbu  amni^dl^-  altsrlird  lo  thc»c  i>ni)ciplMi  aitd  (O  ktRI 
wa»  raaMfd  ih*  rdatatina  of  lite  rnrl'i  foo.  Lord  Polnonk. 

George,  Ibe  sabjectof  tb«  preaMtt  tneoioir,  v«f  taught  ibe  nidiisMit* 
of  graiBBiar  a«id  arilhaiclic  in  bU  nattvr  coaniiy :  alWr  wbicli  be  r«> 
paired  lo  LoimImi,  and  vaa  pla«^  under  ibc  superJateiMleBW  of  an 
■ade,  who  bvpt  an  academy  in  tbe  ttcinjl; .  Al  ibi*  period  be  app«an 
lo  ba*c  been  nul  only  ik'*4ilu(e  of  rorluae,  but  efen  of  friends;  lor  h« 
entercut  tlie  civil  •ervici-  of  ih<!  nary,  while  yet  vety  yoar^i  is  tbe 
knmble  capacJiy  of  captaiii'a  I'lcrk. 

Tbo  eM^v  of  tbe  k<M.-pi-T  of  tbe  reconk  at  WLIicball  vai  bit  fii>t 
kMl4pf>oiiilinrnt :  (bf  tha  be  va*  doubtltsi  iaiiixbud  to  ibe  carl  til 
Hirahaiool,  vbo  now  poMewed  grtal  iaflucnee  at  toun.  Tlic  Mmc 
patroiiigc,  at  a  later  prriod.  obtained  for  ibis  btountu  of  forttine  tbt 
neralivn  nflMe  of  clerk  of  pariiamenl.  When  Sfaelbamc  Urnnw  priiuo 
aiDiMf  r,  in  1 7SS,  be  had  ocr^on  far  ibe  official  aitemluKe  of  kir  Rw, 
and  toon  found  bjm  rciuly,  laborMMn,  eail  uteful.  And  arben  Mr  Piit 
had  ehaeed  away  llie  coaltlion  miiiblry,  we  find  Mr  Rose  nonunabHl  lo 
the  Important  oIDm-  of  joini-tecrelary  to  the  Ircaniry. 

HarinK  beooou^  member  tor  CbrM-obufcb,  we  &wl  Mr  Row  iad^ 
lati)(ahU-  in  bw  ailMiOanee  on,  and  taking  au  active  jiatt  in,  all  tbe  i«- 
poTtanl  delMleo  in  tbc  bouu  tif  cominaua.  We  knuw  not  in  wbat 
manner  be  *olrd  wbea  Mr  P^tl  made  liia  tbree  motiun*  liai  *a  rrJbnii 
b  pafUnmcol:'  Uil  wc  have  reaaon  to  Mipfiow,  tliai,  being  iu  Uie  eccn-i, 
be  volrd  and  ipoke  in  bvbolf  of  tbe  davL-iradc,  iM(witl>>iUa<liug  all  Uia 
aisummta  fur  iu  abulitiun  by  hia  ri^bl  buni>ur8l>to  fricod  and  CMuljuttir. 
Tne  tnrmbcr  fur  C)iri-i'«hurch  took  an  actio-  pan  in  t^lt'e  Gunoo*  biil 
'  for  (he  FrcT^nliufi  uf  Siuu^^-lini;.'  Thi*  led  lo  wliat  van  tbeo  railed 
*tbe  CMnniitluiion  Act,'  whii-b,  in  ordrr  la  rrniaic  tliu  Iciuptnlion  to 
Illicit  traffic,  by  rendering  laa  eb«a]Mir.  laid  lui  addiliooal  tax  on  win- 
dow* I 

In  MMcqtwncp  <>f  tba  part  Roaa  took  a^in«t  Mr  Fox.  in  Uie  \Ve»t- 
■ninaier  clcclton.  the  antbora  of  Um  '  Bolbad'  atUcked  btm  with  no 
enniRion  aharv  uf  bilt«nicM,  and,  a*  wo  cbaritably  hope,  of  untrutkt  or 
at  Uwl  ofeaaggenlion.     The  fbllouing  is  an  exlraol: 

-  RORK.  OH  THE  <.'OMPtAtrfT. 

'■  AMITMavT. 

'  la  (hi*  erlcvM  wr  Mlkat  hM  ImaMBd  Ih*  unmt  of  hb  bvouriM  Vlifll.  ■*■» 
(Me*  Ihu  bli  bimI  pMeMM.  Th»  tuh^rtt  at  Mi  R«*'i  oMipUfM  b,  UiU  Iw  n  Wk 
lo  do  ike  •bat*  tuiliWM  of  lb*  irwanrf  ilutiOft  I'm  ItoiIiiik  hnil  at  (uaimri,  olii]*  hi* 


I*tlllO».] 


nlCflT  IIOK.  OKOHOB  HOIC 


ua 


iwr  tiM  ika  r*^  pmUor.  Ik. 

*■  Noiiir  nor*  th>D  Rom.  >miil  Uie  uounl;  riiiK, 
Lot'd  BtDx, — ^  •(  Jedky.  ttti  tht  king  i 
BpI  niB  U*  l»^  Id  *hliM  In  Dllly**  wjm. 
Vain  d  hk  TDM,  hit  q»«b<«,  Md  bh  Um. 
S(m1«V  b*|ipii'i  ciuini  iba  bof't  reprt  Mpgti 
AlikK  IMr  dudiri,  uKi  JOm  fltolt  •(«. 

•■  III  DM  Bd  Jof  *I1  Raw'!  foa&irt  tor, 
I'lMNlvt  be  nagbl  Um  trauury  itaj  by  diy; 
Tbttc  In  bit  Inmoit  tluunbar  WkM  alona, 
Tb  kaxaa.  i«l  anil  gtti:n,  Iw  pfnoml  hl<  maia 
In  rh}iM«  uncuutli ;  tor  Rm*,  iu  borinaii  tniti 
A  punur'a  d*tk.  la  rhjm*  *u  lltllv  taol ; 
Mur  kiscu  ku  luuttim  Hilli  lib  lurluiiv  (n*. 
H*il  tu<&  tua  «iU  nOfSSBd  hli  wUit  •lun  ; 
Fur  iAucUtlc't  ibaliDi  Malanltiil}'  ciani|ic» 
Tin  huMlUo  pMlrjr  of  lying  fiBic 

••  O  UrbVm*  11111;  I  Uiiu  miM  h«  bfytii,"  Le.  • 


Uti  llii-  a<^crwiO!i  of  Mr  Ail(lm|;luii  lo  powrr,  ItooL-  u-illidrcw  utilh 
Pill.  Duhii-;  Ills  rotrvut  he  ap(>uiintl  uu  tbi?  u|i(>uiiti!  bfocli  for  u  few 
mcNiUii;  any.  lie  vveB  nupporti^  lli«'  Haiai'tliin.-  {ii-tttiou,  pfcu'iilt-il  (u 
tlu!  Iionae  of  oofumuiu  in  IBU7,  cuai|>UiuiitK  "^  '  mi uiil trial  inlluvncel' 
Neatly  at  llie  Mine  Unw,  loo,  lie  dilTeri-tJ  nilh  bis  auonilMn  friend. 
Lord  Gn^nrilltf,  about  the  mai^liliiliaDul  [iro|iricty  oi  Lonl  Ellrnbo- 
rwighV  pos««««iDg  a  M-nt  in  ibv  cabint'l ;  anil,  on  all  occhmimi*,  luuk  an 
aetivv  part  In  llie  dvlutrs  a^nimi  Mr  Fox'i  ndniinUt ration.  But  Ur 
Rote  n-tumeil  aoon  afU-f  Iu  ciyoy  a  frrsh  accn»ioii  of  (lowtr,  and  imw 
BDil  iaewMiiig  boooMn.  Hi;  had  been  fonnvrly  dejitiiy-pmideot  of  the 
buoH  afimdei  ht  aov  bi-eaiDC  pmidrtii,  audwataLo  nomiD«I«(l  IK>- 
Mifor  oftlM  iiavyi  with  a  ulary  uf  £4000  (ler  annum. 

Mr  ttoac  was  cobMilered  i-illici  iu  able  in  (loiiit  of  fluaiicc,  or  liii 
COKngora  M>  ilvfidi'iil  uii  that  aubjfct,  tlial  lie  ii|>|w«rB  to  liati-  been 
■tieeted  by  iIh-di  io  omircr  the  rtpurt  a(  llw  Bullion  com  mi  Ilex.-,  which 
cvIdmmI  itut  onljr  a  wondiTfnl  drytve  of  fiiiaii(.ial  iiifunnaiion,  liut  ma 
drawn  u|i  with  no  coinnioo  tbaiv  of  precioiou  and  abitily.  Acrtirdingly, 
on  May  6tb.  181  li  after  the  lali^  Mr  Hotoi-r  liad  made  a  iriy  luuii. 
Boua  MDil  vnj  able  Bpecob  on  (hi*  *ut]iL-<'t,  in  which  he  rhicAy  aitributed 
the  dfArenoe  bMv«en  tha  mint  and  market  price  of  gohl,  ai  well  ai  tbo 
■■favmirsble  Mate  oT  fi)m!ign  nchangra,  Io  Ibc  imdiwia  of  our  ouiiti 
and  exeeta  of  iIm  pi>|irr-ci run b lion,  nriiing  out  of  tha  impolitic  nnd 
mtraotdinaiy  iaHica  of  ibo  huuk,  .Mr  llow  ncU  in  order  rcplird.  In 
ihc  courae  of  a  Mt  agiMch,  uhi<-h  he  afterwards  pDbIi*l>«d.  he  dwell  on 
ibc  advaniagea  arwiog  frutn  bank-iiuiM,  which  he  aswrti-d  "  to  bo  C4|nira- 
Iral  Io  DMMicjr  for  every  cooinxui  aod  It-gibmatc  iraiuaclioo  in  life,  ex- 
rrpt  for  fofpign  romiltanw* ;  and  vren  in  napoci  to  tbeM.-,"  add*  hci 
"  th«  BCCt^  (o  bniik-diarounta  afforda  ^vat  fulli^**.  by  mabling  Uw 
■lanliant  (o  laakr  proviuiiii  for  h(«vy  poymvult  lor  onortci  and  Io 
«««it  a  *alt'  for  ini)>uriii,  for  ahich,  from  isrioui  cauMW*  llicn  auy  b« 
iw  inmadiata  denuad."     A*  (o  (be  rapid  advaji«a  in  iha  price  «f  oor 

'  Pi««(b«i««nty.knt«feiUM<i(*fMUnlEtli«W^'rMWMt.|IU4c«*),  IT!». 


VM^TICL^  lUIZS.  ptm 


«Wie  jyade  afaae  ■  «  eveafaKkwr  He  coMBriervt  tiK  p«u 
MdJM  n««f  the  prieeaf  or*  kov  m  the  oase  o/  tk«  «Ji»iiil  n 
■tker  arbefes :  »id  the  ine  af  ikac  gnM  mtnaimj  itt  Gk,  »  adraaee 
ai  JMf  araniia'pricM  bf  the  ats  of  the  k^HhRnc  Tct,  vitli  the  aid 
ti  t»tt  ■Minif  if  qHrtcnof  fcnaga  e«m,  the  qoaitcrB-loaf  <fid  «at 
escecd  fftecs  peaee ;  shem*,  wkhotf  thii  aMiaace,  it  *a«U  hare 
hM)iM9a.6^  He  deMcd  the  pM^^  ihM  Mr  txpoRs  vere  only 
as,  »d  Mr  liipaMi  4»  HiBMa ;  he  >fao  ^^ned  6aa  tables,  pnidMed 
hj  Um,  eondng  la  1810;  th«  the  ■vket-fwkK  ml  pM,  ud  the  ex. 
(Aaage  with  Haahw^  iCd  mc  depad  <m  the  ine  of  bufc-iMte*;. 
Ike  Umj  •/  the  «ark«t-|>nee  of  pM  hniag  hna  afrcted  bf  the 
immt  of  h— fc-peper  hod  ben  linaAj  ii»eeircw w ublj  ihovn.  bj  the 
cxpcrmee  of  Bearff  the  «hofe  of  the  fast  tf  taij,  as  recanted  m  ae- 
tomau  aa  whieh  •«  h^  ^^^  relj.  That  the  exehange  •hoold  be 
■K  >  l<  d  by  It  were  ^aiaat  aQ  experwace,  aa  vdl  as  against  tbc  eridence 
fi  lid  to  the  report.  He  coooidcied  the  ofaserratna*  of  hia  friend 
Mr  HaikiMos,  "  on  the  credit  of  ovr  pvbtie  fowK'  lihdj  to  be  at- 
leaded  with  nry  hHrtftl  coMeqnefMes  «ith  respect  to  both  fareigiicTa 
lad  BsMtra.  He  Kate*  thai  "  the  poblie  creditor,  oa  reedriiig  hb 
dividend,  ia  obbfed  to  lesTe  &.  oat  of  2(k.,  or  £10  in  the  £100;  Km- 
the  iauoWL  lax,  ia  the  handa  of  the  beak ;  and  i*  eqaallj  compelled  to 
receive  the  remaining  18».  in  bank-paper.  A  payiaeat  in  Hicb  paper 
ia  a  virtaal  dednetioa  from  hi*  dividesd  of  3a.  aiorE,  or  of  15  per  cent.; 
the  pabbc  creditor,  therefore,  reeettes  onlj  15a.  in  tbe  poaad  of  atas' 
dard  ftatioftary  ntooej,  aod  do  more  V  He  then  cfiteml  isto  an  enlo- 
giam  of  the  aterita  of  Mr  Rtt,  against  ike  char^  of  "  a  n^oUr  dia- 
■cqaaiatance  with  tbe  priocipies  of  public  ecooom; ;"  and  condoded 
bjr  objecting  to  the  plan  propoaed  by  tbe  committee ;  "  «kieb,  witbsat 
cftetiog  the  ol^ect  ibe  members  bad  in  riev,  did  more  than  either  the 
decree*  or  the  Tictories  of  Bonaparte  to  eiecote  bli  designs  for  odt 
ddtmction.'* 

Hr  Roae  va*  of  tbe  middle  itatore ;  Tigonrasi  active,  inde&tigable. 
H«  va«  to  tbe  full  aa  laborious  aa  Mr  Duodas,  without,  like  him,  being 
addicted  to  coovivial  pleasares.  He  pos«essed  much  literary  talent, 
which  was  dispbyed  to  great  advantage  in  1777,  when  he  snperinteuded 
tbe  pvUication  of  the  'Journal*  of  the  House  of  Lords,'  in  31  fiJio 
volanwa.  In  1794  be  became  execntor  to  tbe  venerable  earl  oTMarcb- 
mont,  who  beqneatbed  to  him  bis  large  collection  of  books,  manuscripts, 
and  coiD*.  Tbe  dissertation  on  Doomsday -book  in  Nash's  ■  History  <^ 
Worcestenhire'  is  from  Mr  Rose's  pen,  and  be  was  the  author  of  tbe 
IbllowtDg  tracts :  ■  The  Proposed  System  of  Trade  with  Irriand  ex- 
plained,' Bvo,  1785 1  'A  Brief  Examinaiioo  into  the  Increase  of  the 
Revenue,  Commerce,  and  MaDufadures  of  Great  Britain,'  8to-  1796; 
'  ConiidcratioDs  on  tbe  Debt  of  the  Civil  List,'  8vo.  1802 ;  '  Obaer*«- 
tiufia  on  the  Historical  Work  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  C.  J.  Fox,'  4to. 
KtOO ;  ■  Letters  to  Lord  Melville  respecting  a  Naval  Arsenal  at  North- 
fleet,'  8vo.  1810;  'Observations  respecting  the  Public  Expenditnre 
and  the  Influence  of  the  Crown,'  8vo.  1610;  '  Substance  of  his  Speech 
in  the  House  of  Commons,'  8vo.  1811.  Hia  speech  on  Com  Law*  in 
1614,  and  on  tbe  Property  Tax  in  1815,  were  also  printed ;  but  this  is 


^■•Mn.] 


ADMIRAL  COKSWALLI3. 


SfflT 


OO 


Hipfoscil   to  liATc  been  done  wiilwnit  i>u  «ullu)hty. 

TntMluy.  Juiiuif^  lath,  18)6,  in  the  73d  or  7'ith  year  oTIlll  Iffb 

Ai  a  lFt;alRior,  Mr  Hok  wiu  entitled  to  grrat  neilit  for  the  [ir<>Ii><:- 
lioit  of  Mviug-bauL*,  and  hi*  bill  lo  enable  parucliial  und  oUicr  socii'tiirs 
to  sulMCTilw  lior  the  purpmr  of  *ii|>poTliiif!  tlicir  lick  anil  disabled  men* 
ben  out  of  the  ciHninoii  fttock,  initrad  of  bccoinjiig  paupcn.  It  1:1  aUo 
but  fair  to  add  tfant  he  wu  a  nuwt  iticful  partixoii,  aod  tkat  be  va« 
never  nt^uicd,  like  ivo  of  bin  fbnnor  collragnc*,  either  of  being  a  [xib- 
lie  de&uller,  or  ofprrTcrting  llic  public  money  for  the  *a«:<.-M  or  grati< 
fication  of  hu  o«D  private  tpeculutiotu. 


aumiral  Coinmallifl. 

BOax  «.(>.  11*4.— DIED  «.B.  1819- 

Tux  HoxousABLB  William  Cokmwallis,  fourth  »mi  of  Chariea, 
tbe  fint  eari  by  Eliiabelb,  daoghtrr  of  ImkI  Viacount  TowMliend,  wm 
bom  on  the  2Slh  of  February,  I74t.  lie  «iu  deacended  from  a  &- 
niily  who  bad  b«rn  WItlcd  for  loaiiy  ccnturiri  in  the  coonly  of  SufToltc. 
Having  rciolvnl  to  embrace  Ihi-  naval  iirufis»»oa,  be  wax  fint  rated  u 
,1  lOHUbipman  on  board  the  Newark,  whence  bv  vai  mooved  to  the 
Kingston,  in  whicii  vcuci  he  >li8rfd  tlit?  glory  attendant  on  Uic  rcduc- 
liiMi  of  Louiaburg,  and  arO)|uirvd  ihoitf  babits  of  subordination  which 
uftenratda  enabled  him  to  coiuctittiMl  Dther»  wiili  ubiliiy  and  effect- 
In  E759  ne  lind  liim  •erring  nnder  the  galUui  Hanke  in  iho  Dun- 
kirk: Wit  ycarki'  rcptirxi  under  CapUin  Digby  tothc  MnliierraocAti, 
•ad  b«iug  uken  on  board  Um  flag-«hip  of  Sr  CboHct  Saundem,  be  was 
•ppoinird  a  lieulenaDt.  In  the  cour«c  of  1762  he  wu  nocninatfsl  lo 
the  Woap  sloop  of  war,  with  the  rank  of  muter  and  coiDmamUr ;  and 
in  1766  he  wai  made  paM>cnpinin,  i»  canscquencc  of  obtaining  Um 
ComiDond  of  the  Prince  Kdward,  at  a  period  when  he  bad  tcareriy  M- 
tained  tba  nge  of  twenty-one. 

It  being  n«e<aUTy  lo  reioforce  Admirml  Howe,  who  in  c*ny  part  of 
ibe  AflKricon  continent  found  foos  instead  of  allie*,  while  he  was  m*- 
noced  by  sea  «{tb  a  *upcrior  fiMt,  Admiral  Oyron  wa>  smt  wilb  a 
[lowerful  forc«  to  hi*  *uccour,  anMog  which  wa*  tlic  Lion  of  64  gUM^ 
cvoinianded  by  Captain  Comwallii.  Bat  the  wlmiml  wo*  rctuded, 
both  in  Europe  and  during  hi*  paatage  acroa*  the  AtUniie,  by  a  rari- 
ety  of  aiDHler  event*,  and  no  aoonw  had  h«  nearly  rc«cbrd  the  obtecl 
of  hb  deeijuarion,  then  be  eaoonBtercd  a  dorm  which  dUpcr*ed  lh« 
greater  pan  of  bia  fleet.  Wluueontrib«tttdtomakehi**ilnatio<itlill(M** 
dorailng  and  diawrteaUe  at  the  critical  nwment,  wa*  the  appenrnaee  of 
ibo  Coant  lyEttaNi^  wbo,  aiib  a  deci  of  twelve  *ail  of  the  line,  ptc- 
eenled  hini  ^oinlBg  Lord  Kovr.  and  forced  him  lo  lakr  sbcttvr  in  llo- 
liftx.  NoiwiUutaiiiding  a  jonctioo  wa*  Mon  after  cfTrcted  with  iJic  reit 
of  tbe  K)uadraa,  and  a  futtlicr  rrinforcemcol  orrivcl  from  EnglaiKl 
befcre  the  spring,  yet  D'EMaing,  wbo  by  ihii  time  had  collcoled  an 
immeiMc  naval  anucnifiil,  obtainad  iiOMetuoa  of  the  bland  of  Si  Vin- 
cent wtthoiil  difficalty,  »d  arqelrKl  Grenada  aim,  aAer  a  apiritRl  but 
iflcffiectual  rewtancfl  on  the  pari  of  the  Britiah  troops  No  auoner  did 
the   brave  hat  rematkal-l)   unfortuiMle   Byron  rreeivc   inlrlllgeoee  «f 


NJ 


POLITICAt  MRtCB. 


[Ht* 


IlicM  ovuntK,  tliuii  III!  waM  in  jiurauil  of  the  eneinyi  ooncerning  vthon 
rwJ  force  he  biiil  lii-rii  coiii]>l('i<.-ly  deceived.  On  Itis  arriv^  in  the 
nrighbonrbuuil  ol'  St  G^or^^'s  bay,  he  Ibund  tlio  French  to  amount  to 
ni>  Irsi  thnii  !<.■□  nail  of  iW  line  more  tliaii  he  linil  cxpcclcd.  The 
ngnul  luf  aciiuii,  ttowever,  ViHa  immtdiately  hoittcfl,  but  the  French, 
niitwithBlunUinf;  tht-ir  iiuperiorily,  tivoiilcd  a  done  aclion,  and  cootrivixl 
to  briii)^  nearly  tlje  whole  of  their  Torce  to  bear  upon  three  »hip8  which 
lan  the  ^untlet  alonK  Ilieir  line,  in  the  courxo  of  Hliicli  they  received 
cD>»i<l«-nble  daniage,  and  were  forced  to  leeward.  One  of  the§«  hap* 
(iL-nt-d  to  he  the  Lion:  thin  ve^ttel  received  a  number  of  ehot  in  hef 
hull,  hnd  hi^r  rigging  cut,  her  masts  wounded,  and  filYy-oue  men  either 
killed  or  disabled.  In  this  situation,  finding  it  impo^ible  to  weather 
the  enemy's  line,  and  reaiBtiume  hi*  proper  Klation  in  the  fleet.  Captain 
Coniutallis,  liking  advantage  of  the  trndc-wind,  which  blow*  oonatanlljr 
in  that  latitude,  bore  away  for  Jamaica;  while  D'Lctning  wUbdrvtr  in 
the  couneof  the  ume  evening  to  h\^  Ibrnicr  nnchorage.  Although  tlin 
French  did  not  obtain  nny  sdvanlngc  upon  thi*  occuiofl,  yet  neither  the 
conduct  nor  the  eonnequeiicc*  of  the  action  gave  Milire  i«liiifiu:tion  on 
board  the  British  fleet.  Admiml  Darrington,  in  particnlnr,  »as  gmtly 
<li*gii*(e<l,  nnil  Hworc  that  he  wnnhl  nut  again  mtvc  undrr  Hyron.  He 
occnriiingly  rclnrned  home  in  the  Arimltn-. 

The  l.ion  wna  present  nt  the  reUcf  of  Gibrultnr  in  I7HI,  uader  Ad- 
uiral  I>nrby,  cin  which  nccnuion  Admiral  Chriitiiin  being  diMblfd  aod 
obliged  to  return.  Cnpfain  Ctiniwallia  volunlrrml  aloti);  with  ^ir  Jamca 
Wallace  to  at toek  the  SpuoUh]{un-b(iats.  When  pnid  oir,  bi-r  cotniiMader 
vroi  appoiutt'il  l»  ihi-  Canada,  uf  74  guns;  aiiii  in  this  *hip  be  ngatn 
rrlumed  to  tli<r  \\'cxl  IndH-»,  nhrrc  hi-  wan  <-niployetl  nnrlflr  Sir  Satnud 
HoDd.  In  the  runious  action  with  the  French  tlect  under  I>c  (.IraMe, 
the  Canada  fought  witli  a  degn-c  of  »ptrit  nevr^  rxn-llnl  in  the  Hritiah 
liary.  After  engaging  with  and  capturing  the  Hector,  a  *hip  of  the 
same  rate  and  number  of  gun*.  Captain  CornwulliK,  leaving  hi*  [vrise  to 
be  lalen  poMeaiion  of  by  a  frigate,  bom  down  upon  th<!  ^^Ilc  dc  Paris, 
and  laying  her  alongside,  e.unimciiccd  a  combat  which  loafed  two  hours. 
Dc  (rroMe,  who  declan-d  afttrr  the  aciioo,  (hat  "  thi*  little  rnl.*i4lrd  *hip, 
the  Canada,  did  him  more  harm  than  all  the  reM  with  which  he  liad 
eonlended,"  dcieimiucd,  IVom  a  point  of  honour,  nut  to  Mrike  to  any 
thing  iliort  ofa  flag,  and  accordingly  Md  out  until  about  sumet,  when 
Rnr-adniiral  Sir  Samuel  Hood  eame  up  in  the  Barfteur,  uu  which  Um 
count  "urrt'ndered. 

Ill  178S  Comwalli*  returned  to  England,  bin  «hip  running  port  of  t]i« 
ronfoy  to  the  home  ward-bound  fleet.  He  sul»e(|uenlly,  liir  a  short 
period,  commanded  a  king's  yacht,  nod  in  1769  hud  the  charKi!  of  a 
finall  aqiinilron  in  the  East  tuilie*.  On  the  Id  of  Februan-,  )7&8,  he 
u-as  mode  rear-admiral  of  the  \^'hite,  and  blockaded  Poudicherry  while 
it  was  betieged  od  the  land  Me  by  a  force  under  Colonel  Bnithwaite. 
At  soon  OS  the  nsuni  period  for  the  India  staliou  had  expired,  Commo- 
dore Cornwnlliii  returned  to  his  nHiivL>  land.  After  being  proiBOled  to 
the  rank  of  vice  of  the  Blue  in  179-K  we  find  him  iu  17d&  seniu);  la 
the  ehnnnci  fleet  with  his  flag  hoisted  on  board  the  Royal  Soveriri(;n 
of  100  gims.  A«  he  wbd  known  to  bo  an  olTifier  of  skill  and  enter- 
prise,  it  «u  determined  (o  detach  hiiu  with  a  small  nqnadrou  («  harajs 
thi-  eiii-niy,  intercept  their  cooioys  ftUrm  thfir  shoivc,  jnd  cnptune  any 


ftuOB]  ADWIIIAL  CORNWALLIt. 

of  tlicir  sbijM  Uini  miglil  ilari:  IQ  venture  out.  He  acvonJingly  li-fl  the 
gnud  fleet  willi  (bur  74  gun-dirp*,  anil  four  frigatee,  in  odililion  to  bi* 
own  vfMeli  and  in  tbe  couno  of  the  Himmrr  cwilril>gt«d  not  a  little  to 
tlie  dealriuition  of  th«  remaining  coiumf  roe  of  France,  In  ibe  begin- 
ning of  JuBo  tho  vioe-sdmiral  iud  ttrctcbod  into  the  bo;  of  Biaca;.  antl 
chwed  three  l^tcaeh  lis*  of  battle  shipa  and  »is  Trigate*  into  Bcllei»le 
rotda;  tbeM  ««re  bvtunftto  anough  to  escape  under  protection  of  their 
lMUlBri(«>  t>ul  n  large  tnerdiBiilnun  and  «^  brigi  wot  captured.  A 
Arv  day*  after,  Captun  StopTord  of  the  Pbtetoo  mgatOi  mad^  tho  signal 
lor  a  fl«M  •kwd,  and  toon  tiler  K|>orted  tbe  eoemy  to  conxi^t  of  tltii^ 
t««n  nil  «f  Ibe  lin«,  fourtMO  (tigtlM.  two  brig*,  and  a  cutter,  llio 
BtilUi  admiral  was  detomiiMd  to  haul  off,  and  executed  tbt^  nu- 
BCMvre  in  a  verjr  mMtoily  nuuner.  ■■  He  r^lrentcd  with  lit<  fliipA," 
mft  Um  aatbor  of  tbo  Naval  Hiittory,  **  in  tiM  torm  of  a  wedgr, 
oT  ahkb  lbs  Royal  Soveretgn — bia  own  vcMel — was  the  apinc ;  and 
trbeBever  the  cnnuy  approached  uifBdcntly  near,  they  wore  toon 
taught  to  kmp  at  a  taliir  dklancc. 

I'hi*  brillinTii  rxploit  tcflr<:leil  «pial  tuativ  on  the  intrepidity  and  akill 
of  the  admiral,  and  iiidiicrd  tlic  board  i>f  admiralty  to  nominate  him  to 
the  important  post  of  oiinmandrr'in-cliicr  in  tli«  WeM  Indie*.  He 
accordingly  taited  in  lh«!  Royal  Sorervqtn  for  that  elation ;  but  in  ooa> 
Kvjuenor  of  a  tevuv  |^lc  uf  wind,  bia  dag-*hi)i  became  to  mocii  di»- 
abird  off  Scilly,  Uiat  he  deemed  it  necessary  to  relum  to  England.  Hii 
conduct  upon  thi«  occtuion  did  not,  however,  fully  sAliify  ihoir  vbo 
preaidcd  over  the  naval  al&in  of  tlii*  couoiry,  a*  tbi-y  thought  he  ought 
to  have  proce'Mbit  iu  another  tliip.  Hv  WM  accordingly  orderetl  to 
retura  so  botrd  the  A«nM  frigato.  which  *a*  fitted  oat  on  ptirpuae  to 
rwtin  bin  i  Iml  h«  dtdiiied  compliance,  and  plroded  tbe  bad  Mate  of 
bii  baaltb  in  ju>liflc«tion.  Not  MiiRRcd  nirb  thit  cscuw,  tbe  Board 
UMtd  order»  for  trying  him  by  a  court-martial,  which  aeoordinglj 
■wbltd  tt  f^MTtaiaiMitli,  April  Hih,  1706,  on  which  occaiton  the  gnl- 
Uii(  vetersn  admiral,  Earl  Howr,  prraidcd.  The  eborgea,  a*  delivcrid 
by  tbe  judgv-.-ulvocatr,  coniitlcl  ol'thrw;  in  numb<-r:— 

1.  "  That  Admiral  CWnwallis  after  having  uilcd  Irom  Bnghmd  for 
tli<^  Wed  Indie*,  and  prooeaded  ft  coMiderabto  way,  did  return,  con- 
trar>-  U>  thti  ord«n  and  inttraetioiM  by  him  received. 

2.  "  Tliat  nut  liaring  a  lufficimt  rcsard  to  tbe  importance  of  tii» 
viluatioo  a*  commaodcr-in-chtcr,  lie  baa  omillcd  lo  thifl  hit  Hag  «n 
boon!  of  tome  other  ahip  of  bia  ttiuadroB,  after  ilir  Um  at  Sovereign 
li*d  been  diiahled,  in  ofiJcr  to  proeeed,  aa  h«  oii|;hi  to  have  done,  lo 
the  place  of  hb  de«iinatiou ;  but  that  in*t<'nd  of  liU  doing  ao,  he  bad 
giTcobia  intUuctlonaaDdlhaoonntandof  the  co&vojUiaiKither  oAcer: 
And, 

3.  "  That  tittir  hb  retnn  be  had  diaobeywl  anoiher  order  of  tbp 
Board  of  admiralty,  by  not  boiiting  his  dag  oo  board  tbe  AjtnM  frl* 
gate,  and  nroooeding  lo  tbe  Wett  Indiet,  aa  he  bad  been  ordered  by 
tbiir  lonbhtpi." 

Alter  hoaHng  the  evidence  for  the  proiecuiioo,  the  adi&imi,  aatitceil 
by  llie  Hod.  l^oma*  Erdiinv,  cniered  on  hb  defence,  anit  not  only 
eindieainl  himirll'  from  the  flrM  two  ehnrff,  bat  ibowed  ilial  be  wat 
ineapaUr,  fmm  ilii^  ill  itaio  of  bi*  bcalth.  to  comply  with  the  order*  of 
hb  Mprriort,  and  rclura  in  tbe  Aitrwa.     The  whole  of  the  evtdeiice  on 


5^4 


POLITICAL  tiKiea. 


tVlRM 


F 


both  >iiln  lianog  bocii  t'xainiiuxl  in  iIh!  countc  of  ihi'  iunt  day,  itie 
court  tiruke  up,  aiut  on  aawrmbliii^  af:>iu  n«Xt  iiiornin|>,  iitiidoiuicmI 
itrntmcf.-,  in  nubstiUKL-  ta  rollowi: — "That  th«  admiral  n-ai  aMiuitled  of  J 
the  fini  two  cliargts,  and  that  tlic  iliirti  nut  lM.-iii);  proreil,  be*  wai  ao^  [ 
quilted  of  that  alio."  Tbi*  «*cnt  dvprivi-d  his  country  of  the  mricM) 
of  an  «xc«llotit  officer  daring  a  ]wrio<t  uT  nearly  tire  yt*n;  for,  thinking  j 
himfclf  itl'iucil  upon  thv  occaiion,  lui  itnnvMtiatvly  airack  b'n  (Ug.  andi] 
notirilhitanding  he  was  inelodcd  in  the  protaotion  that  toiik  pUew 
1799,  aiitl  in  cooMquc-iicv  of  wlitcli  he  obtained  the  rank  of  adoaiml  i 
the  Blur,  yet  hv  deciiiH-d  the  accfrptnner  of  any  commanil  m>  long  bj  4J 
ccrlaiti  nobli^man  {in-Mded  at  the  b«ad  of  the  admtrnlty  board. 

No  MKincr.  howuii-r.  Iiatl  Earl  St  Vincent,  who  had  to  nobly  led  ibaJ 
fleet*  of  hi*  country,  been  appninlrd  to  lupcrinletid  their  rvrrtioof,  ibas  > 
Com«nlli>  wo*  si-ltcteil  to  the  high  and  important  ilattofl  of  ratDOiaod- 
er^iii-chirf  of  th<-  chantiH  floci,  and  accanlingty  hoiitrd    hi*  flag  oa 
board  llic  Villc  ilr  I*ari>,  in  I'Vbruary,  lAOI.     timi  being  tbe  piind-i 
pal  tural  artrnnl   or  Frnncr  niljninmg  Great  Brrinin.  nnd  in  mMt  re-j 
Kpcct*  supctior  to  TmilDi),  which  i*  chicHy  calculated  tor  operations  liaJ 
the  Mtditemnr^u,  it  hns  almiy*  been  tlir  policy  of  Ihi*  country  taS 
^atch  ibc  motion*  of  the  tWts  there.     To  nndtr  ih«  UocbuJe  more 
effaclual,  it  b  utual  to  diridc  the  Beet  in  lh«  Iblloiritig  manner: — Fir«t, 
What  is  l«nned  an  io-shore  squadron,  consisting  of  frigalM,  occupie 
saeb  a  aUtioo  as  to  be  able  to  vratch  all  the  motions  of  the  enemy,  peeit^l 
OCcadoDtUy  into  the  inner  harbour,  and  give  the  appointed  signal 
CM0  of  alarm.     The  out-shore  squadron  conusta  of  the  main  body 
the  fleet,  ready,  upon  llic  least  iiitunalion  of  danger,  to  aflbrd  sucvoui 
to  the  vewcl*  on  the  look-out,  aod  give  the  enemy  baltle,  *lioukl  thcyl 
dare  to  venture  from  IIrr<t  iraicr.     It  is  nl*o  iiaiul  lo  ■Uttun  the-  d^l 
lachment*  off  Rocbi-fort,  Bcllcble,  and  L'Orimt,  on  purpoac  to  k^rp 
Ihoat  port*  in  check  ;  but  such  ptvcaotion*  an.-  adopted  that  they  nn 
b«  recalled  at  a  short  notice,  so  that  (he  whnle  collated  flcft  nuy  Im 
tnaUed  lo  encounter  any  great  an<l  sudilcn  dnngrr. 

In  184X1  Admiral  Comwallii'  retired  from  ihr  mtvicc  on  acconnt  of 
bad  bcolth.  For  a  nutabeT  of  ycnrv  he  n-prcH'ntotl  iho  bOKMi^  of 
Eye  in  Suffolk,  and  nt  one  period  «aa  meniher  for  I'ortfmouth.  TlircA  < 
ycar«  before  hi*  death,  whieh  look  place  in  1619,  lie  was  crVatetl  ftj 
icDl};)il-cuiniDaiider  of  the  ttntli. 

Comirallis  was  n  lalrtiieil  artd  courageous  officer,  ft  it  r«b(Ml 
Lim,  that  when  in  the  Canada,  bia  crew  having  declared,  by  a  round  I 
robin,  that  they  would  not  Arc  a  gun  until  their  wagea— payment  ofj 
whicb  had  by  lOfnv  accident  been  ddayMl— were  diMbargcd.  Ii«  rcMoivdJ 
ComplctG  subofdinatioD  by  calmly  addrt-Ming  llicm  in  the  (bllowlifl 
terms: — "  My  lads,  the  money  cannot  bv  paid  until  «c  reiDrn  lo  purti] 
and  aa  lo  your  threat.  I  liave  only  to  f*}-.  that  I  sliall  put  jini  along 
side  the  fif«t  enemy**  ship  1  (all  iu  with,  nnd  I'm  aurv  ibe  detil  hli 
will  not  tbuo  kc«p  yoa  from  fighting  bcr." 


r«iioft.i 


8S5 


■OKX  A.  D^  ITSlv— DUO  *.  D.   1630. 

This  officer  it  aaid  to  havi!  becD  ikc  tventy-firet  clin<l  hy  Xke  nma 
noiliPr,  of  a  BritUh  con*iil  at  Tetuan  In  Morocco,  wboie  lamily,  by 
diflirml  wiTt«.  amonotMl  U>  forly-fbur!  He  ou  born  at  Tctaui  on 
the  I2lh  of  October,  I7S8.  At  tlu  aK«  of  ifairteeD  he  was  removed 
from  Weituinsier  icliool  to  the  unirernty  of  Cambridge ;  be  then  en- 
tered lliv  btry  under  the  prolection  of  Cominodore  Tbomptoo.  At 
(he  ik'K^at  of  Lan^^ra's  K|uadroo,  on  tbi:  30(b  of  June,  1778,  he  waa 
pretrnt  in  lhi>  Hyiena  rriKaif,  in  which  he  contiuued  until  1762,  when 
he  was  ptoiuuled  lu  the  rauk  of  lieutcaaui,  and  weut  out  iu  the  Gram- 
|H)a  as  a  uiaritiine  surveyor  to  tlu-  African  ttallon.  He  returned  lo 
EDgland  in  1787,  but  toon  aAer  proceeded  (o  India  nttb  n  view  to 
WMjaire  praftwiooal  experience.  Upon  hb  arrival  in  Dctigal,  he  was 
wfipoiMvA  fay  Lord  Comwallis  one  of  the  committee  sent  in  1768  lu 
Kurvey  N«v  Harbonr  In  the  rirer  Hoogly,  which  aervice  ho  executed 
to  the  Mlubeiion  of  government.  He  returned  in  the  ume  year  to 
Eiimpr,  and  concluded  tbia  voyage  wtthout  tutemtption.  After  a  ihort 
intrrval,  being  unable  to  obtain  employment  Id  ifee  navy,  he  wa>  in- 
duced to  proceed  iu  (he  EtruKO  on  «  aecond  voyage  to  India,  where, 
in  (he  year  1791,  be  effected  the  important  suney  of  a  aouthem  paas- 
ngc  or  onllet  from  Prince  of  Walea'  iaiand,  and  cauted  a  diart  to  be 
enjjraTvd  and  puhli*bcdi  br  tbi*  •orvice,M>  bcncftdnl  to  the  in(«rcourH 
with  China.  Itv  received  a  tetter  of  thanka  from  the  gorcmmcnt,  and  a 
piece  of  plate  with  tuitable  iiwcriplioni  waa  a(  the  tame  time  prraented 
to  hiro  in  tbc  name  of  llie  general  in  covndL  Several  matters  ofthipa 
in  the  EmI  India  trade  aUo  aignified  their  wiihca  on  (bii  occoMoa  to 
pTMcnt  him  with  a  picco  of  ptate  in  (heir  own  nnnie>  ami  (hoac  of  olliert 
Milinjt  from  Bombay,  "  being,"  a*  (bey  cipreunl  il,  "  highly  M.-o(ib)« 
of  ibf  advantage  (bey  may  derive  from  the  nouthern  channel  Iriuling 
f^ln  Prince  of  Walev,  which  you  have  now  fully  e*tnb)i«hcd.''  l'h« 
war  with  Pmoec  brokn  out  while  the  l%(rufco  wa«  on  bcr  homeward- 
tHnitid  voyage,  which  occntioned  that  ahip  to  put  into  Crook-hnvcti,  front 
whctice  she  praoceded  to  Cork  to  obtain  a  Briti*h  convoy,  and  afler- 
ward*  came  (o  Spjtbead  ondcr  protection  of  (lie  Diaitcm.  After  pnw- 
ing  the  Irikh  and  En^iiti  channela  under  convoy  of  difllrrnit  Driliih 
mrn-<>f'H ar,  ilie  sliip  and  rnrgo  were  rrtntnally  •riu-d  by  the  Brilliant 
Irigai)?,  olf  Osteiid,  mid  aAcrwnnJ*  condemiteit  to  ibc  crown  on  tb<: 
frnund  of  having  tmdt^l  licynad  (lie  Cope  of  Uood  Hope,  con(rary  to 
ili<-  Uw»  reijiecling  the  trade  to  Imlio.  I'bc  king'*  proctor,  after  eon- 
auliitig  hit  mnjenty't  adrocale-genrtml  on  thi»  point,  reported  by  bit 
ntlviec,  that  the  coptun  waa  matle  without  any  particular  exertion  of 
*kill  or  enierpriie.  and  In  coaaecinence  tubiniltnl  that  the  contequeneca 
wer*  very  peeutiar,  and  the  qiMWtioo  wbetlicr  any  |>ort  of  tbc  property 
condemned  should  bo  given  to  Ih«  caploni,  was  a  matter  entirely  fur  the 
decision  of  bit  ntyrsty*  government,  aa  iw  prraedoDt  tullicienlly  appli- 
rable  to  llw  ra«c  warmnted  a  niggaalion  of  any  rate  proper  to  be  ob> 
•orreiL     l*ur«iuini  tu  a  report  of  tbi*  lenor,  aitd  na  Li<-utenani  Pophinr* 

VII.  2  ( 


III— I  III  wi  ia  lotba  mve  «cA-kaibWB  la  tfct  ai^  »«c^«ntKs  tbere,  and 
hii  TilMiMr  fcniras  i*  Am  qnftcr  kad  iiliiiiml  tW  p«bGc  tknb  of 
■fe  Cocft  of  <fira00iVt  wJtB  otkcr  hv^s  Mif^vli^fi^^  icrtilBtw  vas 
Ma<k  to  bia  of  part  of  tke  MMdaiaed  propaty,  aMovMiBg  la  £23.000, 
•■t  of  wkieh  £6000  WM  pbd  U  ikr  taftot  fat  hia  tTptaw,!,  «bo  ako 
MMiTal  £12.993  iMt  of  proctitdi  of  ptopMty  i  imiIi  iiiii  i1  a>  Frrack. 

Oa  the  btnimt  mt  al  A*  ^rn  «i(h  Fiaace,  he  raUned  to  the 
M^ahr  Mme^  aad  •afaacqwMlj  tbaiaguhMl  hiaadf  M  the  bead  ofa 
pw^  rf  MMlm  aada-  Ac  dake  of  York  ia  HolbiKL  lUn^  Isned 
tm  MHatiuB  ts  a  pl^  far  rrartiDg  007  m*Miaa  of  ih«  cobmit,  he 
pwpowd  the  iin,iwiBiiiiii  of  a  corps  sf  to  fcaciMer,  a  iiimiliiai 
«hkh,  ■  17B8,  vaa  carried  lolo  eMcaiioe. 

Ob  the  14th  of  M*j,  1796,  he  ailed  far  Ostc^  viA  a  MaU  mm- 
tnm  aadcr  hk  ankA,  haii&g  oe  board  a  wUbi;  farccv  *  n^aiiiidi  il  t^ 
Gcaoal  Coote.  He  arm«d  off  hk  tkrciBalkM  on  the  19lb  oftheisBM 
■d  Mne  of  the  uoo^  were  iaitdwtdr  laoded ;  bat  aficr 
Uova  ^1  the  dnke-gstea  of  the  towa.  beiag  vaaUe  lo  rcimbark, 
aa'aiH  to  the  ra^hDCW  of  the  m«.  tbey  vere  farced  to  c^atahtf.  In 
1799  Capiaia  Fophaa  ww  >eDt  to  CraoMadt  to  lopetiatead  the  eu- 
bartalioa  of  mmc  Ranaa  troc^  dertiBed  to  aasft  ia  the  attack 
•■  H"tHH  While  on  thii  ■errice  be  vaa  nuted  by  the  Emperor 
Paal,  aho  pTMented  him  with  a  goU  omff-box  oT  coandenfale  ralae, 
aod  the  aom  of  Malta.  In  the  viater  of  tbe  same  jear  be  wxi,  in. 
eoajaactioa  n'ak  Captain  Godbej,  intmited  witb  the  coannand  erf  a 
mall  flotilb  of  gan-bosU  on  tbe  canal  of  Aikmaar  in  HoUasd,  «hich 
wa*  nude  to  afford  cooaiderable  protectkni  to  the  ftanLs  of  tbe  Britiilu 
For  bia  ooadnet  on  tbia  urrice  be  obtained  tbe  special  thanks  of  tbe 
duke  of  York,  and  a  penaion  of  £500  per  umniu. 

Id  December,  1800,  be  *«a  intnisted  with  tbe  command  of  a  anall 
cqaadron.  Ia  1802  be  was  retonied  for  ibe  borough  o(  Tamontb,  bat 
vaa  aooo  after  Ibraatened  witb  a.  pariiamentary  inqniiy.  Tbe  IfoB. 
Chariea  Kinnaird  gave  notice  or  bia  intentian  to  Brave  for  a  coatnuUee 
to  iaqoire  into  certain  cbargea  adduced  in  the  report  of  tbe  navy  board. 
Aa  imprest  was  laid  on  bis  pay  and  half-pay,  and  the  charges  reqwct- 
lag  tb<>  expenaes  of  tbe  Romney  were  to  be  laid  before  the  codubis- 
sicmer*  of  ioquir)-  in  oaTal  abases.  A  sodden  change  of  adninistratiOQ 
released  bim  Trom  this  danger,  and  brought  bim  into  emi^oyineDt. 
'fhroagh  tbe  patronage  of  Lord  ^leWille,  be  was  ^pointed  to  tbe  aa- 
pcriatendeace  of  a  scheme  for  destroying  a  &eet  by  mean*  never  before 
beard  of.  Tbe  eiperiment  wa*  ludicrously  termed  the  Catamaran  ex- 
padilioR;  bat  two  Teasels  were  very  eSectuaUy  destroyed  by  it  offBoti- 
lofp*  io  1804.  An  attack  on  a  larger  acale  was  afterwarda  attempted 
at  Fort  Conge,  vbicb  disappointed  pvblic  expectaUoo. 

In  1806  he  commanded  the  naval  part  oF  tbe  force  sent  against  the 
Ci()e  of  Good  Hope.  Shortly  after,  witb  a  body  or  troops  under 
General  Beresfimi,  be  proceeded  to  Bio.de  la  Plata,  and  captured 
Baenoa  Ayre*.  Tbe  enemy,  however,  soon  retook  tbe  city ;  and  on 
bis  return  to  England,  Sir  Home  Fopbam,  whose  Triends  had  quitted 
oSce,  wa*  brought  to  a  court-martial,  by  which  he  was  severely  repri- 
manded, "  for  having,  without  any  direc^n  or  authority  whatever,  with- 
drawn the  whole  naval  force  under  hi*  commaDd  at  tbe  Cape,  for  tbe 
purpose  of  attacking  tbe  Spanish  settlements." 


PniM.) 


■IR  DAVin  DUMDAf. 


SS7 


He  wuB,  however,  tliorlly  aftrnraril^  appoinleil  cnpUin  of  lh«  Beet 
M-nl  out  UDiler  Admiral  Ganibier  ngaiiMt  Ihe  UaiM« ;  mnd  on  thi?  0tb  of 
JiMiuarjr,  1808,  he  ntftved  ■  valuabJo  tmtnl  from  tho  rorporattoo  of 
Loiulou,  with  tlie  fre«d(Ma  of  the  cilf.  In  1809  h<>  »en*tl  in  tli«  eipu- 
diliua  agaiiM  Plnvhiuj;-  During  tlie  pminiulnr  wmr  h«  *>m  actively 
employed  in  the  Venerable,  on  ibe  north-veit  «)e*t  of  Spain,  a&d  he 
Bubte^uendjr  conveyed  Lord  MoJni  in  the  Stirling  to  the  East  Indiea. 
ARer  hariuj;  been  aiade  a  colonel  of  mariDe*,  he  wa«  aidvanced  on  the 
4th  of  June,  1814,  to  tlie  nok  of  rfar-odmiral  of  the  Wliite,  ami 
hoifled  liis  Daft  u  eommander-in-ehief  in  the  river  TliaiBra.  In  1810 
he  commaDded  on  ttie  Jamaica  Rlalion,  and  became  rrar-admiral  of  the 
lied.  At  llie  time  of  hti  death,  vhich  took  place  on  ibo  lllh  of  Sep- 
tember, 1820,  he  «u  groom  of  the  bed-chamber  to  ibc  duico  of  Glou- 
cuter,  and  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  wcietj . 

HU  ■ciendSc  aequiremenl*  are  Mated  lo  have  been  more  than  re- 
apeeUblv,  He  ptoduced  an  improved  tolegrapli  and  code  of  signali, 
vhich,  in  I81&.  was  adopted  oti  tito  coaat  from  the  Laiui'a  End  to 
Btidport. 


MBK  A.  D.  1737.— DUO  i-n.  ISW. 

Uavio  Dundax,  a  native  of  Edinbni^h,  anil  the  mo  of  a  mcreluMla 
U  mid  to  have  been  origtaally  lieatined  fur  tho  moilical  jiiiiftwiiia. 
vhichi  however,  be  thought  fit  to  abandon.  ARvr  Itariug  been  two 
Jttn  a  ituileiil  at  the  Woolwich  military  no*i(emy,  lie  i-ulered  on  hit 
■iHuiy  Ctncf  under  tlie  nti'piem  of  hi<  undo.  UeDsnil  Oavul  Watton. 
qmrter-fBtater-gcncral  untler  Willtaai,  Dak*  of  Cacubcrlaud.  Thi« 
offleer  wa*  an  able  engfacCT ;  ho  nude  a  furvay  of  the  HiRhUnd*  trf 
Scotland,  and  planned  and  iMpoc4<xl  Ihe  military  road  ilirough  il  To 
Ihia  relolioo  yoang  DiindM  wwi  appoinittl  an  aatlManl,  and  IdhI  the 
fiutlier  advantage  of  liaving  fi>r  hi*  coodjntor  tJie  wlvbrateU  raatlic- 
inaikian,  WIHiam  Hoy.  from  wlionn  it  may  be  tapfiaw^l  tliat  Dunilm 
(lerivMl  mnch  tabrmallon. 

In  I7.%0,  whm  Cotoiid  Ellkfl,  afttTwartk  Lord  HcaihlU-ld.  obtained 
a  Ipltrf  of  serrire  to  ralw  a  regiment  of  dTa|[aoni>,  Limti^naiit  UundM 
wnK  promoted  to  a  troop  in  It.  When  the  British  cabinet  determined 
upon  attaeking  the  Spanish  foreign  aettlementa,  among  which  Ow  11^ 
vaiiiiah  na*  the  principal,  General  Elliot  waa  appointed  to  iho  italT,  and 
Ca|>tain  Ditndna  eiDbarked  with  htm  a*  hi*  aid-de>eamp>  AfW  llu! 
rcdaelion  nf  the  isUnd  of  Cuba  in  \76i,  he  retumcfl  with  the  genetui 
lo  England,  and  renuined  nit  aMl*de-eiunp  till  he  r(rceir«.-d  the  anyonty 
of  the  t5ih  dragoon*,  on  the  <Sih  of  May,  I77U  Froni  thai  cofpa  he 
waa  proiDOlctl  to  the  liewtFiioDt-eotoncley  of  the  3d  rrgimeat  of  horar 
OB  the  IrWi  eMahKoluneiit,  now  the  Mi  ilngooo  guards.  In  I'ebniary, 
1781,  be  obtained  the  rank  uf  coloneL 

Portly  alV-r  Ibc  peace  of  1783,  the  great  Fmtcriek  of  Pnavia  hav- 
ing onlered  a  gnuMi  raview  of  the  whole  of  hit  fercco,  llio  curimily  and 
uiKiUion  uf  RiiUtuy  nwB  wi-ro  excited  by  m  oplcmlid  on  exliihiliun. 
Colnn«l  niiitdat  applied  for  leave  to  U-  ptetcnt  on  (hit  McaaJea,  tihich 


r 


poLrriCAt  auas. 


[itiWTB 


bete  gnriBd,  te  RpMtd  l«  Ike  pblM  «r  FMMdM,  ud  dMK  iMi  Ibe 
famtditioo  of  U>  new  qrMen  of  nOitHy  UtiSa,  U  bt  tSttntH*  ■■• 
fiediadtfglrfbydelibala  ihimMJuu—d  iBByl,  wriJifaiJoii. 
TU>  JeanMjr.  monmtt,  iifctfcJ  Ua  to  «oqwr«  *  kaa«tn%e  of  ifce 
German  hnpage,  ao  bmM  to  u  oAoer,  tad  a  Ihowigfc  nuMJit—uj 
with  Ike  nS&urj  ctiqactte  aod  interiar  ecoiiowj  of  a  trmy.  Oa  kk 
refami,  the  kistnr  boon  froo  hi*  ctaff-appauUocai  **n  t^^fofcd  ia 
■mn^ii^  bu  iTttcm  oT  ttctka  lor  tke  praM,  (rom  wtuck  it  naaed  in 
17S8,  ID  oae  roliunis  qoartOi  nader  ike  tide  of  '  PriBctpIn  of  Hflitarr 
MovencnU,  diicSv  appUcaUe  to  iB&ittry,*  la  the  conpilatioB  of  iku 
work  he  ba*  borrowed  htptf  from  the  two  (bllowtng  publicsUMM:— 
*  Eaai  de  Tocliqae,  por  M.  Gatberl,'  ta  officer  in  ike  terriee  of 
France,  ■  vcnr  iadiifaaH  itaMlttJoa  of  wkoM  work  wai  pablitfced  ia 
tki«  coontry  ■  few  year*  a^ ;  and  *  El«mea(a  of  Tactka  lor  the  Pra*. 
Man  Inbiiirj,  bj  General  Saldeni,'  Iranslated  bjr  ProfcaoOT  L^admaan 
of  the  Kojal  academy.  Woolwich.  Siioplkiijr  and  gesetalily  of  pna- 
cipJe  are  tk«  diMiogaisbiag  Icabma  of  ike  great  Frcdendi'a  wBiaiy 
ijllwi  Cohsaat  to  tbe  froal,  or  ia  ecbetoa, — aceuratr  mareking  ia 
liM  Ibr  his  tidkntfy. — aad  rapid  BUtetoeatt  far  tke  ca>iW,  were  Uic 
principal  Iraiu  of  ii. 

In  April,  1790,  Ctjlonei  Dnada*  wa«  pnawtcd  to  ike  raak  of  na- 
jof^general,  aad  ^ipoiacad  eoloorl  to  the  i3ii  nvnacal  of  uibalij  vm 
tbe  Sd  of  April  of  Ike  bDowiiw  jcar,  on  whicb  be  gare  up  lb*  aiQa- 
taat-generalabip  ot  Ireland.  Hb  laalcvtf .  to  wkoia  Geacnl  Daadaa 
bad  dedicated  kif  work,  haviog  approTcd  of  it,  diiccted  it  to  be  ar- 
taagad  aad  adapted  ibr  iki^  use  of  tbe  anajr,  in  Juac,  1792.  It  waa 
aemdbicljr  printed,  aadcr  ibv  title  of  <  Ratea  aad  SeeulaiiOM  for  tbe 
f-'onnatioaa,  Field-caereiac.  at>d  MoTeaienU  of  kii  M^feety'a  Faeeea»* 
with  aa  tnjonrtioQ  tkat  ibi*  ejaten  akoald  "  be  itrietly  feOowed  and 
adkrrrd  to,  wilhout  aoj  deviatioo  wbatK>ever  ;  aad  aack  orden  belbra 
given  a*  are  fbuad  WiaUrfcre  wiili,  or  counteract  tbetrcAet  and  Open- 
tioo,  are  to  be  eOMMered  aa  hvrfby  cancelled  aad  asnoUed.'  Tbe 
principlea  on  wblch  tbeae  ragalatioBa  wen  fcmed,  are,  la  oiafekbig  to 
preaerre  jaat  diManeea,  pankvlarlj  ika  leadiag  ot  diriaieaa  oa  wkidi 
cTcnr  nwrcsient  dFpend^ — fomblg  p>od  lioi^^-eluutj^g  froet>  bjr 
eckdoD  tnovemcnts, — wtii-ding  hf  diviiiaaa  Troni  nitumn,— and  at  all 
tifflo  marchiag  either  in  ordinary  or  qatcb  liaie  by  eadeoced  rtep*.  A 
writer,  to  wbota  the  araay  la  mudi  Jadebted  for  tbe  rioeidatioa  of  Gen- 
eral Dundaa'a  work,  aay*i  "  Tbat  UU  ikeae  Rnka  aad  RcgakOioB*  were 
piiblitlied  aad  direcled  to  be  followed,  we  never  had  aay  general  aj-rfeta 
wT  dbcdpUne  ordered  by  authority  to  be  Impliettly  eomflinl  witk ;  oe 
tke  contrary,  a  few  reticw-rcgulattoaa  excepted,  every  cooioiuidct-iB- 
chic^  or  oHicer  commaodiog  a  «orp*t  adoplnJ  or  tnTcnled  tocb  inancni- 
aa  were  thought  proper.  Neither  was  tbe  manual  rxrrcitc  tke 
in  all  rcgimctitt  met  ia  the  same  f;arri»oa  orcamp;  tkry  could  not 
act  in  brigade  or  line  till  tke  geiterol  officer  commandiiig  raiabliahed  a 
icnporary  uniform  ayatcm."'  Tbe  'Rule*  and  Rrgulatioat  for  the 
Caralry'  were  alio  planned  by  Gcorral  I>on<ku. 

On  the  commrncRmcnt  of  the  war  General  Dandaa  wat  put  on   tbe 


MdHani  DlMl|4lBa.* 


IMj  of  tabeliT  OBttn,  mJ  IW  praaat  f^<i»  cf 


Fikitm.] 


SIR  DAVIS  DUKDAA- 


2S9 


tUF,  uiitl,  in  Ili«  oulurao  or  1793,  wueent  loounnand  abody  oriroops 
at  Toulon.  While  wc  vcn-  in  poweMitm  or  ihai  place,  it  «m  drttr- 
niiued  by  Admiral  Lord  Mood  and  General  O'Kara,  to  <lii1i>ilgr  tii« 
Prcncli  (torn  the  brigbu  oT  Areoea,  on  whicb  they  bad  crrctnl  n  hnt- 
tcry  oThnvy  cnnnon,  and  from  whence  BoDapsrli>,  who  coinmnudrd  it, 
annoyed  the  town  and  citadel  exceedingly.  l''i>r  ihia  vrvice  Grneral 
OuDdaa  N't!  acloeted,  having  iind<T  bi»  comiiiand  2900  British  alti4«. 
TIm  approaehet  to  the  French  tine*  were  rery  *ln>ng  and  intrinaie ;  ii« 
had  a  bridge  to  cr«M*,  to  mareh  ihmtigli  olive-planiation«,  nnd  «*cenij  a 
hill  eul  in  vine-terrscea  i  yc4,  under  nil  lliew  di«advaotnf;e*,  be  suc- 
ceeded in  taking  the  battery  on  tbe  30tb  of  Novcniber.  Tbe  Fmwb, 
however,  w  ho  were  very  strong,  atlaekcd  the  awaiUnts  and  di*po>sected 
them  of  it,  in  consequence  of  whicb  General  Dunda*  was  obliged  to 
(ail  back  on  the  town. 

Shortly  after  his  relura  tbe  genersil  was  scot  to  the  oontinonl,  to 
serve  under  tbo  duke  of  Vork.  In  the  action  of  tbe  lOth  of  May,  17&f, 
at  Tournay,  General  Dundu  disllnguished  himself  grcolly.  During 
the  unforlunnle  retreat  through  llollaml  ho  bnrc  a  fcry  ntlivr  fut, 
particularty  on  ilir  SOth  of  December,  in  taking  Toyl,  where  the  l'r«flclt 
were  >troogly  posted.  In  Drrcniber,  1795,  he  vai  rcnioved  from  the 
caoumnil  of  ibc  22d  foot  to  that  of  the  7tb  dragoon*.  He  was  alao 
nppuinted  governor  of  I.jitigoiirdfart.  On  the  re*ignatioa  of  Geoeral 
^lorrisoii,  from  ill  hcidth,  (icncral  Dunda*  wiu  nominated  <}uarter- 
mttfltur-ecneral  of  tbe  Briii»fa  anny  in  1 7U7.  Wl>en  the  army  embarked 
ou  aDotucr  expedition  to  Holland  in  I79'J.  Dundas  was  ooeoflhe  gen* 
cral  offiecn  K-lccted  by  tbe  commandrr- in -chief,  mid  in  oil  the  )ninei|ia1 
cugageint-iils  in  Ihot  strong  country  he  had  hi*  full  ■linnr,  paTticularly 
IboM  of  Bergen  and  Alkmaar,  on  the  2d  and  6lli  of  October. 

On  the  deolli  oT  Sir  Kalph  Abcroromby,  General  Dundaa  tuecci^lcd 
liiai  in  the  coounnnd  of  lite  9d  or  North  DrllUli  dragooiu.  He  ntso 
succeeded  him  in  tbe  goremmcnt  of  Forts  George  and  Augutfiu,  in 
North  Orilain.  In  the  summer  of  1801  bs  was  •ccond  in  command 
under  the  commaodcr-in-diicf  of  IIhi  grand  army  which  ira*  forrocd  on 
Baeihat  UBtb. 

On  llic  13lh  of  Marcli.  1603,  lie  roMgned  ibo  (|uarter<mp*ter- general- 
ahbi  and  was  put  on  the  staff,  a*  sceond  in  cotoniand  under  tJie  duke 
tif  Vori.  His  tuiyeMy  waa  pl«kwd  bIm,  as  a  particular  mark  of  his 
royal  legard,  to  invest  him  with  the  onler  of  the  lUlh. 

On  the  ruination  of  tlie  duke.  Sir  David  was  apftointed  commander- 
iU'Chicf,  anil  brkl  lliia  imponanl  ofHee  until  thr  duke's  mioration  to 
hu  military  honours.  In  1613  be  *ax  ap|>oinIed  cuImipI  of  the  Isl  at 
king's  rcgimenl  of  dragoon  guards  Itit  ihrnct  forth  look  little  ahare  in 
mililaiy  aiajr*  during  tbe  remainder  of  bis  liii:,  which  terminated  on 
the  IStli  of  February,  I8S0. 

Tbe  rc)Nitalion  of  Sir  David  Dui»Us  re»l»  prineii'ulty  on  bis  abillllea 
lu  a  ■■clicion.  He  was  much  ro]>e<.-led  by  the  army,  and  Otcetwed  in 
pniatti  life. 


530 


roLTTKAt  tCklCS. 


Ititwtn 


3&rnr|i  ^r^ttan. 


Boui  A.  n.  nUK—oiuo  A.  t>.  IBM. 


This  Hoqwrnt  and  pMrioiic  alair«mnn  ww  born  in  the  jmr  17M. 
Hi*  iDotbrr  «ft»  a  H*t«r  of  ibe  nitly  Dcui  MoiUy.  )li«  hthrr,  «ba 
WM  ui  iTtili  barrblfT,  and  mwrdet  of  Dabliit,  had  iforivrd  fron  U« 
talcBU  end  tvpuUlwa  for  iolegrity  k  Mmprtrot  iltar*  of  practice  ni  bi» 
profrMion;  bat  bewu  not  rich,  and  ,voung  Gracuti  hail  baen  Mriy 
Un^t  to  <fepeadi  ftir  hb  future  fame  a&d  fortniie,  od  Uw  axanioa  of  bts 
own  |iowm. 

At  (kt  itfiutl  age  1t«  was  pnlercd  a  student  of  Trinity  rotlcf»,  DubUni 
irii«re  h«  waa  toon  diMio^bli^d  ti  the  pow«Hlil  competitor  of  l»u 
efaiM-fellows  wIioM  good  fortune  and  talent*  aflerwardf  rahed  iIwbi  Io 
the  higtietit  situatMHis  iu  ll>e  aiate, — Mr  Fitzgibbon,  cbaDcellor  of  Ire> 
laml,  and  Mr  ForMcr,  »prtker  of  ih*  house  of  coiddkmw.  H*  kIW> 
wardt  raided  iu  llii^  Teaiple  in  London,  and  ma  inlimitely  Mqorintad 
with  Hugh  Boyd,  and  )lr  Edm.  afterwanfi  Lord  Anckland.  He  m 
add  to  have  Lvpii  to  •IrailciMiil  fur  money  at  tliU  lime  Ibal,  in  order  to 
afford  liimitcir  llio  mnuis  of  poreliasing  booka,  be  was  cenpelled  fre* 
({iM^nlly  to  contrnt  himKcir  villi  n  HCanly  fdlowance  of  food.  He  waa 
indc&tigabty  indotlriixn,  ntul  *o  anxion*  not  to  Iom  a  OMNBeni  in  alerp 
which  ought  to  be  drTotril  la  »tudy,  ihat  lie  contrived  a  ain^Iar  appair- 
aiat  lo  roase  him  regularly  at  day-break.  A  imall  barrel,  filled  vilb 
wulrr,  nat  plared  over  a  ba>tn«hichMood  on  a  tlielf  iiDBUdiately  abnre 
Ilia  pHUiw,  and  the  cock  of  it  wia  tulRcientJy  turned  lo  flU  ihe  baiin  by 
il^li|;lit ;  to  that,  if  be  did  not  ibm  rite,  llie  water  flowed  over  U|K>ti 
HtJ^rioD. 

Adrr  taking  a  decree,  Mr  Grattan  waa.  In  I771t,  caJlvd  lo  the  IrMi 
lur,  and  for  a  lew  yean  attcniled  ihe  (bar  eourta  wiDi  an  empty  ba(b 
and  a  wind  too  cUttIc  lo  be  confined  to  the  lonn*  of  piradiug,  aud  loo 
liUral  10  t>e  occupied  by  the  punuils  of  a  oivre  lawyer.  Diagnated 
with  a  proKnMon  fo  which  he  Ihouphi  be  eould  never  riic  but  fay  habit* 
1(1  which  lie  could  not  croiieh,  he  retired  from  the  bar;  bat  it  waa  not 
long  beforo  he  waa  mwlc  known  to  Lord  C  baric- moo  I.  By  hi*  lotdiJiipi 
who  hnil  alaaya  ahown  rqunl  angncity  in  diM^ovrrini;  and  leal  in  pio> 
moling  genius,  be  waa  returned  to  parliament  lor  hi*  borongli  of  Cbarie* 
mont. 

Eriifring  into  the  Irgiilalurc  vndrr  furh  aiiipicr*,  it  wai  nalural  lo 
expect  thai  Mr  (iratun  would  Itrcoioe  the  ailrticaic  of  his  then  auSiDr- 
Ing  and  drpi-ndrni  country.  Ireland,  inde<<d,  nt  that  time,  was  in  a 
itMC  of  jK'tfrct  huniilinlion,  b<-ing  coniidrntl  mrrrly  a*  a  province  lo 
Ihe  MiliT  country.  Ilcr  Icghlalnre  was  a  prliy  couneit  incapaUa  of 
originating  laws  and  brr  court*  of  jaMico  lubordinato  lo  tbow  of  Bnff* 
land,  and  iacoin|H:irnt  In  a  final  deciaioo ;  deattluic  of  Ibttign  cwn- 
mtiTT,  from  which  (Jic  had  bcrn  excluded  by  Brilifli  monopoly,  her 
maoufaeturr*  wcrr  CTuibrd,  and  lli«  indiulry  of  bi^r  people  eJtecfced  for 
wanturciKoiirsgcmcnl;  insboil,  diiconlent,  bankruptcy,  aod  wrctdMd- 
iii-M,  cuirtnd  the  face  of  tli«  country.  To  cvila  of  aoch  tnagailnd^— 
which  llie  catamttica  brought  on  by  Ihi^  unfortunate  contrtl  with  America 


n 


i 


n 


I*i<.ia»} 


UBVRY  OIIATT4K. 


an 


gTMtly  oggravaled— 4lie  narrow  policy  of  (be  ijinc*  wu  ■|>pl)'tng  leui- 
pOMrjr  pniynlivM-  SiibMiriptHn*  wre  coHcotcd  to  keep  tli«  arliAovrw 
froB  fuiiiihiugt  MaottalJoiw  vcrc  Ittrnicd  lo  irfsr  only  domestic  oaaiiu- 
fiwtnNi;  aiiil  puUuBent  iuell'  Itwkcd  no  hrlhcr  tkiio  to  alleviate  ifae 
piwwirr  nftln  imawdiale  evil.  MrUratUa.  howrver,  »boM  luind  mm 
formed  lo  embrace  wmetbing  beyoiMl  prMeni  otijccu,  perceived  that 
tbe  root  of  lluwe  calaauiii-»  vta»  not  k  teiupofBiy  itagnatioii  oT  irads 
ftnm  th«  Amcrkuii  war.  but  ratber  to  b«  fonnd  ib  tlic  nnjuu  rHtraiiiU 
impoMtd  by  Gnat  Briuiii  oti  ibe  cxertiom  of  ibe  oountry.  Il«  «u 
the  lirM,  tbervfore,  wbo  had  tbt  boldneu  miid  the  witdaiw  lo  arxv  the 
legbktkrc  In  cooipUia  of  ihow  reairaintt ;  hit  eflbrte  uer«  anooiHtMl  by 
iIm  uiMninous  *uie«  of  ibe  country ;  and  audi  «iu  tbe  eKc»ey  at  « 
IKilitical  tralh,  tbmt  urjctl,  uiid  (bus  supported,  Ibai  ktcii  tbir  wbol* 
bree  of  Britiuli  infiu«nce  was  fouiid  unequal  to  rewst  >l.  The  Irish 
kgUUarc  adopted  the  aealimait  i  and.  alb-r  soiih!  besiUliun  on  ibc 
part  of  tUc  BriiiiJi  {tarlMOMOtt  the  oomneree  of  Iralaiid  wa»  in  part 
thrown  open.  A  trtupoiaij  glMU  of  Mttiffcetion  «a»  llied  over  tbo 
ocMDtry  bjr  llii*  coDeMaioitt  •■  U  WM  oaUed,  of  llir  Brilif.li  parliaiiiiiil ; 
for  M  ttct-aituiuMl  had  ihe  people  bom  to  exrluMon.  lo  p«ualiic*,  and 
to  mcticlieB,  thai  a  Mkiaikia  or  HMfHOaknaf  aoyof  UieM  waa  hMk4!d 
ui  at  the  ooofernng  of  ft  poM(ir«  bcMflt,  nllier  ilian  iIm  CMaaiioti  of 
uu  actaal  iojury. 

Mr  GnUian'a  name  waa  now  beiwne  an  objfol  of  adoration  lo  llto 
proplc  and  by  tbe  volunteer  aatociatiaiu  wbicb  the  dttngen  of  the  war 
bad  called  forth,  be  wa»  lootitd  up  to  with  peculiar  mpect.  In  thia 
•tatc  of  alfiiira  tbe  mactioa  of  popularity  upon  palriotiam  wviatd  to 
import  Haw  rm^rgy  to  km  mind.  Mr  Gratlan  coniinutil  lo  twdrt  liinH 
•nir  u  itii  iiiiMjttigabIa  aawduity  in  the  amatc :  and  by  Kwling  tba  minil 
of  ibe  public,  and  even  of  tbe  lr(;i4*ture  iHolf,  id  Uia  oonaidcmtloa  of 
national  ngliU,  and  the  actual  poliiical  •llualioa  of  ibcir  ooouDon  Mun- 
(ry  Willi  rM|iect  to  liagland,  be  wiu  clearing  ili«  way  for  that  meaiure 
wImHi  be  mcdrtaled,— ^  (lecUi-Btion  of  the  ItgiUalnrc  in  Tuvour  of  na- 
tional bidependencr.  Ill*  rtoqitcnce,  of  a  ca>c  more  warm  aiHl  ani- 
mated Ilian  ptthrr  pariiamrnt  or  tlic  people  bod  luvally  Krli,  oud  fjutImI 
upon  ttihjeelii  on  ahii-li  llie  Uumnii  miiiil  ■■  »u»re|itible  of  Iha  great- 
er dr|^-i!  of  cnthuftMlic  Irri'our.  wo*  gTatilii'd  by  roopllte  auccaaa. 
Uirerlnl  liy  an  undrr*taiidin|;  wbieli  ciruld  ealoh  ibr  moment  propi* 
tiOBi  tu  rxcrtian,  and  profwrlion  il«  l«al  to  iti  oti}(^,  hti  pnrliAmcolary 
■fxocbaa  Uuglit  b  mitiiaiguad  nition  lo  pant  for  iiideikeiHlance ;  tibde 
iha  pabJic  eoiea,  higUy  auioMtird  by  tbo  aabyeot,  and  ■pcomled  by  tli« 
■want  of  80,000  mm  in  arm*,  kindled,  rveu  in  iIki  cold  boaoui  of  par- 
liamoiK  Madf,  a  daaire  lo  auert  it*  dignity,  and  rcwiw  it*  authority 
frocD  tka  pipe  of  lirtli*h  utur^Mtion.  (K  tlii*  (entinMni,  to  novel  in  an 
Iriih  legWMura  thai  Itad  loaf;  forgottaii  the  pr>ilo  of  iudepi-ndmtw.  Mr 
Grattan  availed  hlniaelT;  and  by  one  of  llio*«  eitraordtiuiy  di^iloya  of 
impaaMoiM'd  clotguence,  to  which  rwn  tlie  eloquent  oannot  riaa  nntcaa 
lawilod  by  the  impiraiioo  of  a  great  aubjeol.  ba  oblaintd  Ibe  eelrbratrd 
dMlamtioB  that  tlui  king,  lonk,  and  commooa  of  Iroland  only  oould 
moka  law*  to  bind  Ireland. 

Mr  Onltw'a  populanly  wa*  now  at  a  beighl  oliuoet  wlUiOot  oum- 
pV.  Tile  Bcbieeenient  tif  a  iialion'*  independanee  by  an  iadkeUaali 
iinatdad  by  any  force  or  any  tnluence  but  that  which  gentiu  and  which 


232  rOLITICAL  tBKiei-  [Kma 

irutli  tlhtrd,  «a*  eooMeni  at  U>e  reralt  oTuIena  ukI  «f  nrtoe  iteMt 

ubuve  tlte  lot  of  iMtmanity.  The  kgidatiire  itMtif  wemed  far  dsoe  Is 
partidpale  in  ifae  fediDgi  of  iht  people ;  far,  in  the  favu*!  of  adMi^ 
tioo,  it  WM  prapoMd  tlut  £100,(KW  •hould  be  Toted  Ua  w  m  wmA  af 
•pprobUiou.  In  it*  full  extent  tliit  propoHliaa  «■■  not  w^nftt^  :  fa^ 
«a  ft  Mbaeqaeat  nUtng,  vbeo  tbe  rote  «m  befare  the  committee,  th^ 
reduced  h,  st  the  e>pre»  iuUiKe  ot  hi*  own  yrtirQUr  biemit,  tm 
£50,000 :  to  that  unonot,  boTerer,  the  grant  «■■  coofimed,  and  Mr 
Grattao  aeUttHj  received  the  maaey. 

The  decUntion  of  righti  of  tbe  Iricb  legisUlnre,  bowen 
it  must  have  been  to  tbe  minister  and  parliament  of  England, ' 
eeired  with  that  kind  of  placid  acquiescence  with  which  we 
what  u  ineritaUe.  A  negotiation  wa»  immediately  incdtoted 
the  two  nations,  which  terminated  in  tbe  repeal  of  tbe  6th  of  Geo.  1^ 
the  act  by  wbicb  tbe  British  parliament  declared  its  right  to  bnd  Ire- 
land by  British  statutes.  On  tbe  subject  of  this  repeal  a  qnestiaa  anmK, 
which  (unpeoded  for  a  considerable  time  Mr  Grattan'a  pt^mlaii^.  Ic 
was  couteoded  by  Mr  Flood,  that  as  tbe  6th  of  Geo.  I.  was  an  aet  oaljr 
declaralury  of  a  right  asserted  by  the  British  parliament,  the  "ai^le 
repeal"  of  the  statute  did  not  iovolve  a  renuDciatiaii  of  the  right:  ud 
be  insisted  that,  notwithstanding  tbe  repeal.  Great  BHtaio  aoight,  and 
from  her  former  conduct  towards  Ireland,  probably  would,  resoaie  tba 
exercise  of  it.  He  therefore  would  advise  the  legislatore  to  den«nd  of 
tlie  British  pariiament  a  full  and  explicit  renunciation  of  all  daim  m 
future  to  bind  Ireland.  'I1ii»  opinion  was  adopted  by  the  peof^  and 
met  very  powerful  support  even  in  both  houses  of  parliUKOt.  Mr 
Grattan,  whose  sagacity  this  abjection  to  a  simple  repeal  had  eluded 
or  who  really  did  not  deem  it  of  suHicieDt  importance  fcr  which  to 
hazard  tbe  disturbing  of  the  tate  happy  arrangement*,  applied  all  hia 
powers  of  reason  and  eloquence  to  combat  this  doctrine  <^  Mr  Flood. 
J-le  contended  that  the  repeal  of  a  declaratory  law,  accompanied  bj 
such  circumstances  as  had  attended  this,  must  be  considered  as  implj- 
ing  a  renunciation  of  the  right ;  but,  even  if  it  were  not  so,  and  Grnt 
Britain  should  be  so  unjust  and  impolitic  as  to  resume  tbe  right  wbea 
she  should  recover  means  to  support  it  by  power,  an  explicit  rennocia- 
lion  would  be  but  a  slender  defence  against  injustice  supported  byfom: 
that  in  such  circumstances  the  true  security  of  tbe  people  would  i  iiiMiil. 
not  in  an  act  of  parliament,  but  in  that  patriotic  eneigy  which  woald 
enable  them  to  defend,  as  it  bad  already  enabled  them  to  assert,  their 
independence;  and  that  to  force  Great  Britain,  in  this  her  honr  of  dia- 
treas,  to  confess  herself  an  usurper,  by  an  express  renaociatioD  of  a 
right  which  she  had  exercised,  would  be  as  ungenerous  to  ber  la  it 
would  be  useless  to  Ireland.  With  tbe  people  these  argumenta  bad  no 
weight,  and  in  tbe  senate  they  were  borne  down  by  the  irrviistiUe  ton» 
of  that  pride  for  which  they  were  indebted  alone  to  the  reooUectioB  of 
Mr  Grattan's  victories. 

Frustrated  in  tbe  hope  of  carrying  on  exclusively  to  its  completkia  a 
revolution — for  such  it  may  be  called — which  be  had  so  succcssfollj 
and  honourably  commenced,  anu  finding  the  tide  of  [upularity  runniug  , 
n(>aiiiBt  him,  Mr  Grattan  scents  for  some  time  to  bare  completely  ae- 
tliiiliid  liiiQself  from  polities. 

I'hough,  during  this  period,  Mr  Grattan  did  not  take  an  active  part 


r 


r*aMO.) 


nsHav  ouattan. 


in  poltlieal  a&ira.  lie  mnuiiMMl  >lill  in  parliunutit  aai)  »eted  u  liia  coin 
wleuce  btda,  Mcaetiiui-i  with  ami  M>iiM)liiiirs  apumt  tine  miniMer.  Tix 
iranU  lire  dote  of  tli«  ynr  176^  wbrn,  auiivt  co(«r  of  a  comrottolnl 
lattnfitnetA,  it  wu  mytpotod  a  di-iign  )uul  Iimh  Conned  bj  tks  Briikh 
QiiuiMty  to  bubvrrl  the  iicwly-acquuvd  independence  or  tlie  Iritli  pa^ 
IbiDcnl,  we  find  liim  Bftftin  alert  aiid  Ttxtbat  at  hia  poH.  Among  the 
nlrbnilcd  pnipoual*  wliich  utrre  ihi-o  oAered  to  llie  hooM  of  OOOinOM 
!■  Jn4aad  by  an  ax*^t  of  lli«  crown,  aiid  wliicli  are  slill  rememberad 
and  vxecraied  ia  that  couotry  by  the  name  of  'Ordc'it  Propoaiiiona. 
one  waa.  "tlwt  th«  pariiameul  orinluud,  iii  comiiJeration  of  bcint;  ad- 
mitted 14  participate  eqaally  uilli  Ureal  Britain  iu  all  coinuk«r«ial  ad- 
vanta^ies,  aliould  from  time  to  tiioe  adopt  and  eoaet  all  Kiob  acts  of  lb« 
Driiiiti  parliament  aa  abuuld  ivUlu  Iu  the  rtfiulUiou  or  manageineni  oC 
bcr  coaunerce."  Stc.  TIip  propoaition,  it  mi  eouttmk-d,  wuald  linlc 
tlie  parliaraeot  of  Irrland  ialo  a  mere  regiMer  to  Ibe  Brititli  Irgislaiurv; 
and  (bit  optDioa  waa  mlertained  not  only  bjr  ibe  public  in  jjeneral,  but 
by  aonw  ot  the  ableat  nen  to  both  iKNueai  an»oog  them  fay  Mr  (irut< 
tMt  wlio  gtje  to  the  wbola  aj-aten  Ibe  moM  Hnqnalitod  aid  ttnuiMHia 
oppMHioB.  Thie  oppoaiiion  proved  •ueeeaafbl.  Ao  mt^nn  waa  relln< 
(juinbi'd,  nod  Mr  tiralinn  I  henceforward  cootinued  to  resist,  with  tba 
ino*t  uahraa  and  pcrvet'criog  HnancM,  what  he  oalltd  the  priacipte*  of 
Iho  '  old  oonrt,' — principle*  whidi  be  looked  on  aa  Itadi^  to  degrade 
In-lantI,  by  comipitnu  and  ir)flucttw,  to  the  (an* detpicablr  and  luiicr- 
•bk  atatc  to  which  the  hail  btvn  reduced  prenouily  to  the  year  1783. 

From  tliis  period  we  find  Mr  Grsltan  an  actirv  leader  of  the  connuj- 
parlf  in  the  boiMe  of  commoM,  loved  by  tlw  people  and  dreeded  by  tba 
flabtnet-  Hb  popularity,  which  Itad  ao  anddcnly  sank  on  b>>  accept* 
■nco  of  the  parliamentary  boon,  and  bb  tapport  of  the  aimple  repeal, 
liod  now  rlaen  (o  Ita  bnier  level,  and  (bo  natioB  fouDd  iliot  be  was  •till 
an  upright  and  Independent  aeiMtor.  Among  tbe  nrioue  meaaurca 
ifhich  now  occupied  hie  allention  woe  the  ealabti>hinMil  of  a  provirioa 
for  the  cltrrfiy  indepemleot  of  tUhea.  For  mauy  yeort  the  Catliolio 
peaaantry  of  Inland  had  beca  diMonteated,  not  to  muoli  with  ibe  pty* 
xuntt  of  llthea  lo  Prateatant  pMtora.  >a  wKh  the  rigid  end  opprtwiva 
WWintr  in  whieli  ihi-y  had  beeti  collected  by  procure  wtd  lilfae-bmcra. 
The  couBify  hod  Ikh'd  k<-pi  by  ihb  cause  for  almoat  ball  a  century  in 
diaiurbcBce.  Mr  Gmttan  propoacd  a  meniture  whkh  would  have  k> 
moved  crery  dbeontMil.  and  ai  tba  aame  time  have  *ecured  a  provMloq 
for  Ihf  clergy  ctjnal  to  tliat  which  they  tlien  po*M-Hcd,  easy  and  oeriain 
to  ihctD,  and  to  tbe  |iea*antry  noitber  oppressiro  nor  nnpleaMol.  T1it« 
plan  wa».  hnwn-rr,  opposed  by  tJic  coll«cliv«  influeoca  of  tbe  Mtobliatid 
church,  and  of  cours«  n^jecled  by  tbo  legialalurv.  Aiiothtr  moosura 
wkicli  be  propoMd  to  pulUinent  about  the  nur  lime,  vit.  a  bill  to 
pCMMMe  tba  iniprovcnent  of  barren  land,  Ity  rseinpUDg  rrcloiutcd 
giOMnd  IVxHB  payment  of  lilbcs  lor  sen-n  year*,  wa*  but  littU  caleulolcd 
lo  rtatorc  the  favour  of  tlw  ptitathooil  i  lltoy  aocordingly  miOcd  and 
(kfailetl  tbe  prujeoi,  and  cootinwd  tbMMfcrward  lo  hue  and  calun. 
niala  its  author. 

The  whig  club  bad  Tor  conw  lime  brvouo  a  political  body  of  no  nnaU 
Ooii*Mlcration.  Mr  Unltan  wa«  one  of  tbo  flr«l,  if  not  the  vrry  Hrd 
nauber  iii  pinal  of  talent  and  |MitHilBrily.  At  lii>  inttancc  it  au  that 
tlw  ntnatien  who  liail  been  liuM  it*  Uialitstioa  tbe  ■dfveaUs  of  a  libenl 

VII.  St. 


S3-I 


POLITICAL  lentn. 


INimii 


fyitnii,  which  thnjr  eoo*id«rwcl  neenvary  ■■>  ihtr  irciirity  of  the  ronvli- 
lutuHi  anil  indopriMlciiec  of  the  country,  coitii'  noir  to  n  molution,  by 
which  thry  piiblioly  plcif^cd  thcmiclvra  nrrrr  tn  )ic<or|it  oHic«>  under 
any  admin i>trat ion  which  nhuuld  nut  cunci.fl<!  rcrtnin  rornnurt!*  to  the 
piy>pic: — Ibi^sr  conBislPd  principdly  uf  a  pfOsii>n<tiill, — a  hill  to  make 
the  gmtt  oflicM*  of  Ui«  crown  n-BponBililc  (or  ihdr  adrici)  and  mra- 
anrrs — lUiolhrr  to  )>Tl^rl■nt  rerun uc-i>tBc«n  IVom  voting  at  tImiIkhiii,— 
and  a  plaec-bill.  This  explicit  declaration  oF  a  »inccr«  and  fixed  pur- 
pOM!  rMprcting  tline  (^Mi-ntUI  subjrcta,  gave  the  locicty  niDch  wvigbt 
with  ihs  public,  and  enabled  tliein,  after  a  long  oppoaition  on  ibe  part 
ofailniaittratiu*!,  l«  effect  tlinr  purpose. 

The  crhiiirily  wliicli  Mr  Grallan  had  attained  by  i)i«  opf-nuikm  to 
Mr  Onln'x  lyntrm.  and  liia  suW'i^urnt  cxnrlion*  in  thr  popular  cnuM-, 
prooiirc'd  for  him,  in  the  year  1790,  an  honmirnUIr'  and  cAoy  ricclion  >« 
rrprmrntativc  for  ibn  mctropnliit.  During  llir  cxiktt-itcr  of  the  parllft- 
mrnt  which  Ibt-n  oomnu'ncnl,  Ihrrr  ociirrnl,  bowpvrr,  B  qaVMion  on 
wbicli  >fr  (tmilnn  and  a  very  eoniictrrahlr  pmportion  nf  hit  constita- 
FntH  mnlcrinliy  dilfi-rrd  ;  thin  irnii  the  rlaim  of  ihc  Ciilholifs  to  lltv  deo- 
tire  fcinchiw.  From  bin  ltn>l  pnimnc^i'  into  )Kiriiamrnt  he  ha<i  always 
been  tkii  drcUlM)  frirnd  of  rrrry  nH-.tu>nrr  n  hich  tended  to  aboliafa  ihoae 
political  di«tt  net  ions,  which  are  rnundi^d  only  on  n  diffrrrncc  of  rcti^ous 
liinet*.  The  corporation  of  ihe  city  of  Dublin,  prone  by  siliuUion  and 
habit  to  n^ltgiou*!  bigotry,  looked  on  the  Catliolln  at  once  with  sutpi- 
cion  aitd  contempt.  Enjoying  n  monopoly  of  Nitiiiicipnl  Itonaur  and 
emolument*,  by  the  exclusion  of  all  who  profewed  a  difffivnt  &itli, 
from  the  fVanchi^m  of  the  capital,  ihey  considered  every  attempt  to  re- 
store them  to  ihoM  franehiM's  n*  an  nilaek  iipoTi  their  property,  or  a 
violuiioti  of  their  righto.  Betides  these  eautt^a  the  ttien  admiaisttAtk)!) 
had,  by  Hoiue  recent  inittitulioDa,  ohiained  n  parainuuut  iufioence  in  ihu 
eorporatiun;  anil  to  perpetuate  religiouB  dijititic(i(>n<i,  uliit'h  liAd  hitherto 
kept  Ireland  weak,  wu  atili  the  court-policy.  Tbis  inJliHUce,  tliens 
forr,  oprrnting  in  cDiijuiietion  with  o*hex  c»iue«,  nnidered  the  municipal' 
oflicrr*  of  Dublin  incapable  of  parlieiputing  in  llial  inertused  libcrHttty 
of  K-ntinu'nl  whieh  hud  now  everj  ubenr  bci-iin  to  diuipuie  prejudice 
Bod  dinpH  bigotry.  0»  the  question  of  iidmiitrtij-  tlie  C*lJiolicii  to  tbo 
pririle|;e!i  of  tbe  cooMltutlon,  the  eorporatiun  aiid  Mr  firattnii  avconj-' 
nif;ly  dillered ;  and  bad  not  eireumstDore*  oceum-il  whirh  preventrti 
Mm  from  becoming  aguin  a  eaiididatc  for  llie  capitul,  there  via*  no 
chance  of  bin  beinjt  a  second  time  elected  iu  rcjirrfcmative. 

The  war  with  I'rance  liad  now  taken  plaee;  Mr  Orattuti  apjiroved  of  ' 
it,  or  rulhiT  he  eonsidered  Ireland  ai  bound,  with  all  ifi  tiiigbl,  to  ruMtt 
Great  Britain,  wlicn  mtr^  eiipiged  in  the  cuoleat.  Tbic  ut  leut,  wan 
the  opinion  entertnine^t  by  liini  dnrin};  the  short  ndminiUration  of  LonI 
Filiwillinm ;  ami  in  lhi»  opiiiloo  he  remained  until  be  Ibuod  tbut  thq 
continuation  of  htuiilitien  threAteaed  tlie  empire  with  ruin,  citlicr  froin 
the  incnpacity  (if  tboie  by  iihom  it  nai  conducted,  or  tlie  murtnura 
which  it  oemsionri).  During  the  debiit<«  on  the  union  Mr  (irattgui 
WB»  returned  Ibr  Wicklow.  f«r  tbe  esprew  purpose  of  opposing  a  mtor 
*nre  »o  hnlcfnl  to  lirlnnd.  uhieb  he  did  with  peculinr  hirer. 

In  the  llrilinh  lennle  snroe  of  Mr  Cirnllan'n  r-onnlrymen,  who  had 
been  tnLUtpl.inlrit  from  the  Irish  to  tbr  Drilli^h  house  of  commons, 
teemed  to  «nk  beneath  their  former  rank  ;  but  Mr  (iraltaii  in  England 


0 


nsNnv  CMATTAM. 


!3} 


4li*pl*j«<t  &1I  thu  force  of  dutpiriHiP.  and  splendour  of  Uiou|;lit  aiiU  die* 
tkin,  wbieb  kad  ao  oflcn  bci^a  luiled  by  bis  couiilryinen  in  lliftir  om 
capital.  Thegeoiuor  Mr  OnitUn  could  livi>  aiid  bloom  «h«n  lorn 
from  lh«  beloved  spot  wbicli  gktv  H  bittli.  Soui«  of  bia  apveeheB  on 
tbc  Calhotic  qucMioii  bave  not  b*«D  esc^lhM)  by  Ibo  grralert  of  native 
Britub  orator*.  Yet  Iw  did  Doit  of  lalv  j-eani  indulge  in  llie  full  ei< 
pmiion  of  tbRt  pawioD  and  f«<rling  wbich  dbtinguit'licd  Iiin  Mrly  clo> 
qucncr.  He  bail  adopted  a  priiMsipli?  of  tuodeTBlion,  miiion,  nnil  appa- 
rpot  rquiTOcation,  in  all  •xUsBlcquntiiXii',  from  which  bi>  Intirr  *{H-r«hM 
never  dspartcd :  and  to  immr  lir  dici  not  Inllrriy  uM-m  to  he  ihr  patriot 
■ad  refbnner  wbo  had  half-won  bnck  ihp  lilx-nitv  of  hi*  country.  Hit 
(pcrrb  in  iKl^,  oa  tlw  oncasion  uf  the  return  of  Nnpolroa  from  RIba, 
ill  wbich  hi-  ^ve  countitnancc  lu  tbv  caiuc  of  l^^itiutaoy.  luloniclicd  aU 
bia  rrii'iida.  His  tval  for  cmancipalion,  boven-r,  ioCTmied  n-illi  hia 
years ;  oiily  a  (vy  inonlba  bcbre  bia  dtraih,  its  uiidciiuuk  lo  |>n.-Mrnl  tbo 
petition  of  tbc  Iruh  Catboli««,  and  to  !LU{i|iort  it  in  parliament,  aliliuugh 
it  wna  alrongly  urfird  by  bti  frirada  that  tbo  e»-rtioii  would  bv  iiK'oiu- 
pUibk  with  bis  agn  and  (l<>clinin^  lirjlib.  "I  ahoiatd  be  bopfiy,"  bu 
Mcdauncd,  on  litis  oo4-juon,  *'  lo  die  in  iho  diadmrgo  of  my  duty  I" 
M«  bad  scarcely  arrived  ia  Lomton  uiilh  the  petition,  wbcii  Ilia  debility 
iocrt-aicd,  and  bv  rxpirrd  va  the  Utii  of  May,  1830. 

"  A  qnnliou,"  says  Sir  Ricbnrd  Pliitlips,  in  bis  sketch  of  Mr  Grat- 
tan  in  tbc  '  Monthly  Mafaaine,'  which  we  have  oiloptcd  with  a  few 
dtcralioni  in  thi*  article,  '*a  qiMMion  fbrcca  ita«]f  upoD  our  attcnlion 
berr,  which  w«  wiU  not  sbun.  Th«  cnviabi)!  honour  of  bni^  tba  author 
of  Juiuua,  ha*  been  MiooeMivcIy  g)t«n  to  variou*  public  cliaraclcr*.  but 
more  especially  to  Mr  Burl«,  Mr  Hugli  Boyd,  aod  Sir  I'hitip  FmnCM. 
The  gcniu*  of  Mr  Burkf  was  more  ibaa  rqual  in  all  llic  UdmI  qunJitiM 
of  lluit  iltlighlful  work  i  but  the  character  of  his  »tyte  is  so  didcrrat, 
that  oven  the  facility  of  his  powcn  could  l>Ot  bavc  liurrawed  a  st}'lr,  and 
uaed  it  with  the  caa«  aixl  grace  that  odortM  Junin*.  Ni-ither  Mr  Hugh 
Boytl  Dor  Sir  Philip  Fran^i*  puaaeawd  the  extvot  of  tbc  powers  and 
tnltuta  of  Juniua.  They  wero  tafrrior  nmiaad  look  aioro  lilt*  pigailea 
tfam  gianta  wbca  placad  btaldr  aucti  ■  coIowub  o*  Junlaa.  Mr  Gnttan 
poMnceil  nil  th4-  qaalilit*  which  iliitingiiiahi-d  JuiiiiM^  and  aome  of  them 
cvfii  in  a  gmtcr  degree :  thai  it  to  My,  tb«  ocraabna  of  hla  oraliona 
were  soaielinics  of  a  mon>  deiaird  nolnrr.  All  tbo  almageat  IfiiM  of 
Junina's  atylc  w«i«  in  tliow  of  Mr  tirattnn.  Vit-  lave  no  room  b> 
develofW  tkia ;  but  we  abould  W  surprUe«l  if  no  pi'rsun  of  cxprrirnce 
«bo  resda  thit  tfaonld  recollect  their  saying  to  llirmclrt*  and  friends, 
whrn  lisirninff  lo  G rattan,—'' That  is  Junius  I  Jooiin  coukl  br  tin  other 
man  ['  The  Mily  years  of  Grailoti,  at  ihe  lime  Junias  n]>[HMied,  Ii4i« 
bmi  ol^cted.  Bat  Gnttan  waa  then  about  eightci^n  i  and  if  a  yuolb 
of  that  age  eouUI  not  be  suppoaed  lo  have  all  the  knowledge  of  Juniua, 
eaprcially  of  th«  political  poaitiun  of  sfTain  and  partira,  tach  a  youth 
a*  Grattan  coukl  rvecive  and  oBilcntnnd  all  infitrmation  nnprcling  it, 
and  rould  dotlie  thv  ibouKhls  of  otbera  and  of  biinMlf  with  a  ^iilea- 
dour  whidi  waa  exclusittly  hi*  owa.  Junina  aiigbt  bare  bcvit  ibo  pro- 
■lueliuB  of  ■  link  junto,  luid  probably  wasj  but  one  band  chiefly 
wieldr<l  tbs  MIS  and  the  liami  scirina  most  like  tu  l1i«  hanil-writing  of 
(initan.  Wlm  lli«  rdilor  of  Ibis  Mtscellany  was  rit|;a|p'<i,  a  lew 
yMra  aince.  in  prvpariog  nn  edition  of  Jnaiu*,  be  oddroaMd  Mr  Otat- 


S3S 


I^LITICAL  Sin  II 


IKmrfa 


tan  OB  the  mbirct.  Init  nvcivrd  the  Ibllowii^  lirgAlioa  to  tilt  hypotlw« 
Ht  that  Mr  (irniun  u-as  .luniui: — 

*  Sir,— I  nn  frnukl}'  auiire  you  llial  I  ktiow  nolliing  of  Juniu*,  *%• 
Wpt  Dial  I  am  not  (he  auUior.  Wkun  Junius  btgan  1  ma  a  boy,  aiul 
kn4>ir  itDlliing  of  politics,  or  the  penon*  etmcmcA  in  Ibcm.  Oar 
fri«iid  Biy  countrymsn  was  Hnialakeo.  and  did  roe  u)  honour  I  bad  tut 
pmetuiona  to. 

I  am.  Sir,  your—not  Jiiiilini — hut  yoor 

vcrv  gOD(U«uhcr  ami  obedient  vnrnnl, 

H.  OlIATTAV.* 
DaiBn,  No'.  4,  IMA. 

"  I1ii*  dmial  tlic  editor  cornmsniuitisl  to  llic  aidair  of  Mr  Boj-d,  i 
wbowrUibity  tirJiFTctl  tbal  Mr  Boyd.  Mr  Gratlan,  and  p^tbapa  Mr  Eden 
■■d  Mr  Lauchlia  Muctran,  urrc  Juint-inrlncrs  iii  ilie  pivduettofi  of  Ibe 
iHtirr*  «i^ucd  Junius.  It  may  be  vuith  nliiU  to  ann«s  ber  nffy,  aa 
fumntiinK  lurllier  clucidalion  of  tbe subject :  '  I  am  sorry  yofl  Uou Ned 
Mr  Gtsltau,  wboic  dvnisi  muvl  be  believed.  If  h«  wsa  a  boj*  when 
Juoiua  b(^a,  irbal  must  Mr  D.  bavo  bcco,  »bo  woa  a  y«ar  jmu^tr 
iban  Mr  G. :  bui  Mr  U.  forgeU  doica,  for  be  waa  in  England  In  67| 
and  I  remtmbtr  our  dining  with  liim  ia  tii«  auinnin  or 69,  nben  b«  and 
tbr  pTcMDt  Judge  Day  re»idod  ii*  a  coOaigc  to  Windnoi  lomt-'  Tbe 
editor  waa  iiMhiced  to  challenge  Mr  Orattan  by  Ibe  fotlnning  poMafM 
in  pfcvioui  kuan  from  Mr*  Boyd,  and  aba  by  rceallr«tioa*  of  Ur 
Jtaaa  Foot,  tba  nuinrni  lurKcon  ol'  Dcan-vtrcct.  l^bo,  wbo  knew  Boyd, 
Gniltan,  and  Etk-n,  and  bdicip*  llwy  wi-n-  ihc  joint  nuliiora  of  Juniua, 
Tbr  Mitor  coowirra,  hovr«v«r,  that  Ijiuchlin  Mack-an  ««*  ana  of  Hit 
junto,  for  in  bia  convcnuuion  « itb  lli<-  Ute  mnr<)ueaa  of  LaMdownr,  Ibe 
nian|nr«*  aakcd  bim  rinphaiioally,  '  What  dor*  Alwou  aay  of  Mutleiui?' 
And  Mr  Gait,  in  hi*  '  .Miyola'  pmern*  nn  Amaricati  anrtdotv  of 
MbcIc«d,  wbioh  coiifUnia  Um-  tact  of  bia  patticipatioo.  '  I  have  no  proof 
of  Mr  Boyd'i  b«ii>g  Juniua.  my  iqiiniaD  being  i-onjrclufal :  hwrttr, 
lo^  be&irc  Mr  AIniao'a  tORRnlioa*  atlrvcbrd  (he  public  allMition,  I 
waa  olrarty  <j(  opinion  tbot  Mr  Boyd  nm  tli«  joinlHitiihor  of  Ihwr  fer- 
hmcd  It-tier*.  1  anrmked  it  bclure  be  ttft  Enfjland,  ami  nboio  l*«rty 
ycara  ago,  in  a  ocoMcntial  cuiiverratiao  irlib  n  rrUlioa  of  gnat  taai* 
and  tupcHor  Ulent*,  my  kmod*  and  columns  urrv  ilioagkl  roovin<<- , 
Hig.  A  aalcbratpd  cbaneter  now  livin);.  I  »uppaw  to  ka**-  aniitn^ 
enifjoMtlly  with  Mr  Boyd  ilie  lHti_-r>  of  Junius,  for  ihcy  wn  muck  • 
tngntbor,  ibc  table  waa  olwayi  cuvcri-d  nidi  |iH|)cr».  and  ibiry  it«rt  ' 
alwaya  nriting.  being  always  diuHXiotrrtrd  wbenmrcr  I  wtM  near  the 

"  '  A  caltbntad  onlor  waa  Mquinted  witli  .Mr  Buyd  from  boyliMMli 
and  ihvy  admirad  Muh  OChaKa  grnu  UlmiU,  ■  ithout  m  vy,  otim  argaiii)^ 
rrcr  with  tcin|i«-r,  rritlMB  and  pulilic*  tbi'ir  chief  Mibji:«t.  Durinfl  ' 
Ibr  nubticoiion  of  Juniua  h>a  onu  frr(]ucnily  at  our  bouM^  and  wbrn 
naeu  uncapeetolly  to  ri>l<-r  ibp  parionr  I  found  tJi«m  aratnl  nl  a  iabl««] 
on  whicli  were  vniiou*  papers  tbot  itiry  would  instanlJy  «iv«r,  and  iM* 
polite  tcraia  rcqumt  my  abscnoe,  a*  ilivy  npra  partiniUrly  busy,  rad 
oft«utiiiU!S  Mr  iloyd  wuukl  1>«  wriliog  at  a  di-ak  ill  a  large  Inner  doMt 
which  be  genrrally  bultrd  *ltcn  alun*.  I  sliontd  be  aorry  to  toipow  oa 
tbe  puUk',  but  ibcn-  can  be  no  imposiiion  in  my  betwring,  from  lb«j 


pMMn]  rlCMKV  cnjITTAX.  £37 

MMCiirrvDoe  ur  many  circntiistaitcMi  that  Mr  B.  «ii*  Junini.  villi  tha 
kid  umI  nuutaucv  of  liii  triFiiit.  Tbi-rti  vrw  dim  k-lli^T  hastily  polblicti, 
which  I  beliL-re  la  liavt  bc«(i  Mr  B-'t,  soil  whiub  1  particularly  adniircdt 
By  pnutc  of  whicli  lie  alwajra  Mewed  lo  Iw  particiUwIy  pIcMed  witbi 
•Bd  tlicn  ia  iMic  of  grvat  icverit7  vUicli  I  lu*«  ilwaya  allnbutcd  to  Ub 
hiaad.* 

"  or  Mr  Gnttan**  private  Ufa  ihere  la  bat  Utile  gcncTBlly  knowu. 
b«OMae  liule  had  occarred  in  it  to  interest  attenlioN.  It  bad  pMwd  ou 
is  ■  MMWtk  aaaaer,  marked  oiually  Ity  th«>  pntcticf  of  tnry  cov^agnl 
and  doDiMlic  virtues  In  hii  private  iniercounw,  hlr  Gnuian  di«plaj«d 
niannrni  ihnt  wvrr  in  a  titgh  lirgrrc  pipa*int[.  Wit  be  Mcmcd  not  M 
powHB,  ami  bn  had  n  rJiM  of  minil  too  lofty  for  bumoitr;  Uil  if  bo  did 
not  '  (ct  tbc  table  in  a  ixur,'  or  datx\v  «itb  the  raifiuMX  of  hney,  ho 
diffiuni  over  tlie  contiTial  hour  itar  mild  ctiarDM  of  |[«)od  kumour,  and 
•oAeDnJ  Bocicty  nitb  tiDoaMimiDK  gvnthracMh 

"  Aa  a  publto  •peduTt  Mr  Gnttta  nuibrd  in  ibe  hif;heKt  claia.  In 
hi*  ontlena  thuv  it  •  gnUMtear  ttUch  marks  ■  tniud  ul'  suprriur  unLrr, 
and  ciilbrece  at  once  rererMioi-  and  adiuimiun.  On  evefj  tiibject 
wbiob  be  trmti,  be  throws  a  radiance  that  viiligblent  witbotit  daubufi: 
asd  whilr  it  omttw  ifci?  judgment,  delight*  ihe  inM^ination.  H>>  styUi 
ie  alway*  peculiar,  for  it  vario*  it*  c-haracler  wiib  tba  occ*»>aa.  At  one 
lime  fIdw-  and  i'tiiTgrli<^.  it  conrenlrato*  tbe  ibraa  of  ki*  mTfsmmtt,  tad 
nnrapcU  rontiriioR  i  at  another,  ditTuar,  tofty.  and  magDiliMBi,  it  applka 
■tarif  to  pvcry  liiculty  of  tbo  ngindi  cbaran  our  bney.  inilDencee  our 
will,  and  coDvinci-*  our  nndtrelaiMlinfi.  At  all  litno  bi*  amtiiner  wtM 
^■aated  with  a  pleating  warmth,  wtikb  rendered  h  impaMiUe  to  haar 
hin  witkuul  iaiervet ;  bat  on  toine  nrraainna  lia  aurtcd  a  power  whieli 
was  irrewMible.  Prattliutfon,  under  hia  iaOMDN.  Ibrgot  lor  a  BiOBMnt 
Hie  tcUx  of  the  DiiDUtcei  and  plaot\  paariaB,  and  pecra|[e,  bad  bat  ■ 
Ibeblo  hoM  eren  of  tlie  Boat  dageaarala." 

Un  iha  Utb  of  June.  acaonKag  lo  Ike  firaedoa  of  Ike  bouie.  Sir 
Jamaa  MaakiMoah  roaa  to  Borvi  tkat  Ihe  efwaker  rfwaUt  l«ac  ■  new 
writ  tor  tht  alaotfaMi  of  a  oHiim  lo  *mo  in  parUamoM  fee  dia  city  of 
DaUin,  'm  tha  reoni  of  tba  lata  Kigbi  lion.  Ilenrr  OcaUaa*  daaawad. 
He  (Old  it  had  Uvn  tba  cnMen  to  luait  attdrtaati  delavarad  opoa  ocea- 
■ioaa  Nsnilar  to  ilu'  pment,  to  eaaaa  of  dcaib  OMvnring  nader  peouliar 
cirmmMuiem,  or  in  the  piiUie  aarvloe.  Kxoeptin|t  iu  eaare  of  oommI- 
erabia  nerit,  thai  Uaih  bad  not  b«en  escrealnli  aod  in  ihi*  pantciilar 
Iw  Iboagbt  parHaacBt  ha<l  arted  rifiliHy-  I'*-"  iMaonraUa  and  learned 
gcntfnau,  afkar  Ml¥enii>g  to  the  nature  and  char*cur  of  thoee  caarji. 


The  leaiar 


mm  conlnM  oilk  ItM  r»lm  ef  Sli  RtehirJ  I>l>llli|i^  |W  tvIWeim 
■eraiMt  W  (iniUa  •  iliajiUji  )n  paitltMtu  iij  ao  •OBOimma  wtIMi  — "  Yuu  •>*  ■ 
ntlk  odJtj-Marwtal  if%n  «f  •  iota,  eidi  •  Uis*  h«tH  anil  li«tiii<«  toth  m  ihry 
|t*i>  tn  |w(*h>anl  mmkt.  ur  Nli4>  tpim  IW  *hnnl>len  of  l-nafh  la  lie  pe|i|i*«-alM>« 
■eUlng  ibnil  Ltu  ■  iBaaaafln.  Mniiv  Ik*  U*  ■»&  hu  ■  l-nle  h^  ftata  MmI  *e  <wIi  ■ 
(■ni«ac  IW  fluu  mU  a  iwU  iil  (fttaMBl  itlitrh  In  lisU  IB  Mb  toiiil.  mi  ihfimlag 
bii  )■(■  ■n>l  tnat  tlmvl  Irka  (be  tiiWab**  (4  tm>  IuhoI  tij  ll>a  vin-l  j  oian  iwe  •nil 
Ihnn  iirihinj  ihn  U)il<'  ailh  ImfMlMU  tatiK*<«w,  and  In  ■  •teq'-  <*■*'■  "**••  r<»">*l 
«MW,  4i»<iilln|  luHb  Blih  4ae  itIimIi  ari  ilbnMMa  a  *«  iiT  Mlla  tniMt  utlihrinal 
rnnmarn  til  tmtr  eat  mM  di.  f«M«d  aed  prfoM.  ifeit  -m»l  ■•  1/  Uiej  naU 
ItthMealto  laaradw  f  «■  enwb ef  imaa  AUlMMtuM  vm«  ucl*l  m alltMe- 
alkaa, — Inbri-Ma  nu  ilo^e-UUtt  tela  Miraeo^— eail  the  Bhola  ikxml  nnt  i«U. 
IUm«  anj  |>tqaiMT  fMni  Ihe  «H>IM*I  II  j  tiwanj  lo  ih«  ■nraulbMa*  of  (be  umIii. 
•Ml  »■  Biannl— T  t4  l>M  iWhafy.* 


went  on  b>  obMfVi^  Uiftt  it  ma*  hanSj  JMtiiaUc 
in  tktt  muUMT  «p«Mi  koy  cate  wludi  did  not 
ur  of  UiMwJwi  mvitt  *oaw  |>artic«lar  and 
piiiiBWWtity  coBiiiVratino.     While  it  v»  rrawwMy  to  W 
ihu,  if  Ifatac  proetcdinp  wtre  |iiefaaed  in  the  mmmamr  im 
eoM  widi  la  prcbce  In*  preaent  tMrtat,  ihtj  •faoold  br  af 
impoftanec  and  meril,  b«  tbooi^t  tkU  tbem  covid  be  aa 
pcct  tbe  fineerity  of  aay  jMirt  of  the  faouM  In  gmng;  thrir 
ts  litem :  uxl  b<?  wuuh]  mM,  thst  ia  ifwaUng  of  aaM^  m 
tiuj  moat  aft  ondi^f  ilie  pectilikr  diaadraatage  of  iffhiag,  a*  ■ 
be  Mid,  in  llw  pmeoM-  of  pofterity,  wbidt  laul  tvvitw,  and 
mvnv,  iheir  decision,     f  lanng  (Uted  theae  ooodttiocM.  b«  ^ 
to  add  lL«  najiM  of  Grattan,  and  the  kou*e  ibbM  be  coariocMl 
m*  jtaOttd  io  thb  vipw  of  the  tulffcci.     Tb«  fiiK  of  ihojt 
cUmu,  Id  Ihe  prMCot  inidADce.  was  to  b«  traced  in  tb« 
oeeMion  of  Mr  Grattan't  lifi>.      A*  br  ai  bn  korw,  .Mr  GratOn  «w  tti 
only  man  of  Iliw  >gc  wbo  luii  rco-'ivcd  a  parlinincDtarjr  rwmrd  farta- 
vicM  rendered  in  parliomrtit.  nltliougli  be  na*  then  only  a  prf*ue  bm- 
tlcnun   wilhout  civil  or  niiiiUiy  hoooura.      He  wa*  tbe  ooljr  pccioa  W 
wboa  aaeli  a  rccaaqxiwu  kad  been  i-oted  nadcr  »uf  fa  botaoaraUa  <■• 
nimilanrM      It  «a>  now  neatly  forty  ycara  linee  the  cmnnMna  of  b^ 
bud  votnl  on  ntdic  fbr  bim  and  fur  hi*  family,  not  indr«<l  i 
jiniir,  b<^cau«p  it  nmt  wholly  impoaaible  to  recouipvnae  aoch 
but,  lu  tlic  tolu  ilitelf  expreated  it.  "  as  a  tettinouy  of  tbe 
graiiiuik-  Tor  great  national  acrrioei-"     Tbeae  wen.-  the  wx>nb  of  ibe 
grant.     He  iM«d  not  rrmind  Ibc  bouw  u-jnt  tboa«  aervioaa  wenw  w 
what  were  the  pccolior  term*  on  wbicb  they  vere  Bckncnrlc<%c4 :  Uk 
only  tbiiig  BtoMiary  to  be  toid  «a«  tlii*, — that  he  wa*  tbe  fnniiihi  «l 
tiie  lib«r1iM  of  bla  country.     He  found  tbat  country  a  rtrprnrliiil  bm> 
viuca  a|ion  England,  and  he  mde  litr  u  frieud  and  an  njoal :  be  pnm 
to  her  li«r  nalite  libertiM,  and  he  uUed  to  the   enjoyment   of  tMr 
bwdoni  a  bravt  aixl  jivocroua  (wople.     So  fur  u  he  knew,  tlib  «^  tbe 
only  roan  reourdi-d  in  history  wbo  bad  liberai<.-d  bis  country  from  ifce 
donbiAlion  of  a  roreign  power,  not  by  Hniii  ami  blood,  but  by  bta  •*•- 
dom  aud  eloquence.     It  wa*  his  peculiar  felicity  tbu  lie  eujoycd  aa  nndi 
MBMderatioa  in  that  covntry,  whOM  power  over  bb  own  be  had  daH 
bit  utmoit  IO  deerMK,  aa  lie  enjoyed  in  that  foe  whieli  he  luid  aeklnad 
that  important  lib'Tulion.     But  ibere  were  (till  own!  peculiar  Icaiam 
in  the  general  cliametcr  aod  rtspeet  which  be  woa  lo  fortunate  aa  la 
fluinUin  io  boib  kioj^dorui.     It  niUKt  be  ndniitied  tliat  no  great  pdit^ 
cal  MTvicra  could  be  rrnderetl  to  mankind  wiiliout  incurring  a  rarieW 
of  opiniooa,  and  of  booouralile  political  enmitic*.     Il  wa*  tbeo  to  ba 
ooo^dered  aa  the  peculiar  felicity  of  tliv  nun  wbow  loa*  tbty  deplondt 
ihat  be  lurvivcd  tlivm  for  a  period  of  forty  ycnn :  ba  aurviml  till  iba 
mcllownuH  of  time,  aiwl  the  matured  expi^rK'nei-  of  age,  bad  nubdacd 
every  feeling  of  hoetility,  otid  bad  tolVncd  doan  rrrry  political  e»- 
miu.     If  it  were  poatible  that  in  lliat  dividtsl  attimMy  any  boiMar 
cooU  now  be  paid  to  that  exalted  individual  equal  lu  that  nhieh  be  bail 
enjoyod  in  life,  it  would  be  clearly  ibat  which  should  be  an  unaniiaoaa 
r««ognitian   of  hi*  meritorious  charaeter.     He   need    mX  mniMi  iba 
bouac,  tliat  tbe  nante  of  Gratlan  would  occupy  a  great  space  in  the 
pace  of  hisury  ;  Ivr  it  would  U-  ouoocelcd  with  llie  greateU  evenu  «f 


FlBMU] 


IIRXHV  6RATTAN. 


339 


^  I  Inst  centiin'.  l-'eriile  a*  ihv  Britiih  empire  Iwd  httu  iu  great  men 
''wring  (Mir  (layi,  Ireland  luiil  uiKloabietlly  conlrilMiled  her  full  sbarc  of 
tlM.-ni.  But  nui>«  oF  ikeie, — noiM  of  bcr  mighty  namt*. — dM  even  iboae 
uf  Burke  and  Wellington,— were  lowc  crtnia  of  honourable  &me,  or 
wofllil  iletoeud  with  more  gloi?  to  Isiurc  ngn  then  that  of  GraiUn. 
tie  lind  not  touched,  nrnttier  did  be  intcixl  to  touch  npon  any  qaevtion 
which  niighi  han>  n  tendency  to  pmroke  polilini  di*cuMion ;  he  ntcBDi 
no  nJliinioii  which  *liould  opfily  to  nny  opintona  mterluiDcd  by  hoiionr- 
able  f;r-ntlciiK-n  :  but  he  ini)[ht  Ik  altuneil  to  uImmtvc  that  tboic  »pin> 
ioRi  of  his  KTi-al  public  servicu  vhich  hiiil  obtuiticd  fur  Mr  <iraltaii  the 
f^mtitude  of  bit  country  in  the  year  1~H2,  irere  lutally  distinct  IVum 
thute  nhicfa  mi^it  bir  fimavd  apun  other  iiuluM|uenl  acti  of  ku,  and 
particitUrty  u  n-'KUcded  the  union;  for  wliaierer  those  htter  opiiiiou) 
inipht  be,  this  at  k-^st  was  eerlain.— that  do  dale  aiid  lastin);  union 
euold  be  furnied  between  the  two  countiio*  till  ibey  mel  ujioo  eigual 
lenu«,  and  ai  iudependent  nation*.  What  .Mr  liratlan  «aid,  iJierefoi^ 
of  tlie  union — vhicli  be  IniMed  anight  be  hutlng  to  eternity — wai  thi«, 
— that  inaicnd  of  r«c*iniig  bm  from  Cn^ond,  the  Irish  member*  in 
this  country  would  now  lake  ihrir  full  *faare  anil  equal  psriicipntioa  of 
tbt.'  duties  of  li-ffislkition.  und  uf  the  coDdoet  oT  the  afloir*  of  both  king- 
doms. It  resulted,  therefore,  (hat  the  reirard  which  Mr  Cimilan  Iiiul 
formerly  received  tna  ctpially  good  and  iBeritcd,  and  iliat  be  wai  still 
e4|uaLly  cniriled  lo  Hie  approbation  of  his  counlrynu-ii.  If  he  might 
be  permitted  to  inentioD  tlie  circunwtanoe,  be  would  obaerve  that  tlunw 
was  on«  eirong  pteuliarily  iu  Mr  GrattMi*s  parliamenlary  history,  which 
was,  p<'rbap«,  not  Irae  of  any  other  man  who  ever  sat  in  ibal  hoosc.  He 
was  the  sole  pcrcoo  in  the  history  of  modern  oralorj-,  of  whom  it  could 
be  said  that  be  had  obtained  the  liivt  class  of  eloquence  in  two  parii^ 
menis,  diiferio];  front  eacb  other  io  their  ofiinions,  laitM,  Imbits,  and 
pr^adices, — a*  much  poasiUy  as  any  two  nitcmblics  of  diHcrcnt  na- 
tions. He  was  confettedty  the  Rrst  orator  of  his  own  eouiitry.  He  had 
come  over  to  this  country  at  the  lime  when  the  IMte  of  thai  lioiu«  had 
been  rradmd  jiiUly  amere  by  iiH  duily  halnt  of  hearing  apcakers  such 
u  iba  wofM  had  newer  belbrc  witnessed.  Ho  had  thetefbro  to  encoun- 
ter great  names  on  the  one  hand,  awl  tin  warrantable  expecutiona  on 
ibe  other.  These  were  his  diltloultio*,  otmI  be  orereamo  tbem  aD.  He 
sarpa«ed  hi*  friends'  expeotationa,  and  he  made  othent  bend  to  the 
superiority  of  his  gnntits,  wlio  hod,  pmbaps,  formed  a  very  diffi^rant 
eMiuialioo  of  his  powers.  This  gtrai  man  died  in  the  atlrmpt  to  di»- 
ehar|;e  his  pnrliaoientary  rtallc*.  He  did  not.  iodsed.  dio  in  that  boose, 
but  he  died  in  his  progms  to  the  dikchargc  of  those  duties.  He  ei' 
pired  in  the  public  service,  sacrlfiring  hi*  life  uitli  lite  same  willingneN 
and  cJieerfulness  with  which  he  liod  ever  dctultd  hi>  exertions  to  the 
HUMT  cause.  It  «a*  not  for  him  to  di-fine  what  tliose  services  and  m- 
ertioos  werb  He  called  on  no  nun  to  remodel  ur  to  alter  bii  (enwt 
opinion*,  reklive  to  that  great  iiMWAure  which  Mr  Gnttao  wv  abonl 
ofioe  non  to  propose  to  them ;  but  he  would  only  mrution  thai  Mr 
GnUu  considmd  it  in  iIm  same  light  as  be  Imd  atw^r*  done  Mr 
GnttUn  risked  fa*s  life  lo  ei>rae  Into  that  howo  for  Ibo  pnrpoM  of  so 
praposlng  It.  becaiM*  bt  beUor^  that  it  would  be  Ibo  means  oflMxIing 
tho  long-Uecdtng  woaad*  of  bis  inflirritig  country ; — of  establishing 
paue  ud  harmony  in  a  kingdom  whose  iodr^ndaaoa  be  bod  himself 


MLITICAL  SKMI 


\Kv 


nekicvol  ;^of  iramtDiuing  (o  ptMlonly,  witli  the  rrrord*  of  h«r  poliiical. 
Ilie  hiilory  oi'  lier  rvligiout  liboratiun : — i>r  vintliralini;  itif  l»o«our  of 
the  PmtNtunl  irligioii ;— of  wiping  from  Jl  ihii  liut  lUiiii  that  (timmed 
ib  [Hirity.  ■ikI  of  fUppnKing  ihn  oaiuc  <>f  rcliBious  lil>prty,  whiMtr  spirit 
n«Iit  luslb  in  rmDnriFinlcil  Htrraglli  at  thi:  Ftcvolulion,  allbougli  U» 
principle  «»  ioDj  unknoioi  to  the  iit&imicrw  dH-mwlvoi.  I'lierc  waa 
oiM  imporUBt  circuiDttance  in  tlic  ca*e  of  Mr  OnUtao,  wliidi  wu 
Kvl!  i^ntitlnl  In  otMcrvatian :  hi*  iru  a  me  witbout  alloy ;  it  ras  ma 
■mmiiod  ■-■xaniple  tor  titt  admtnlion  of  tliat  liuuM^.  Tlic  purity 
of  bit  )if<!  nu  tli«  l>r)f;l>tDi-lB  of  liu  fifity-  Hv  ««>  <>»«  of  the  tew 
privntt  iM-n  whOM  private  virtaM  were  li>ll<n«d  by  public  fkitir ; 
he  «•»  (Mie  of  lJi«  few  public  toco  «'Iiom  privalo  vitiuM  were  to 
1m  cited  a*  examplM  to  thoM  who  nould  foDow  in  iii«  jMiblic  Mep*. 
He  wat  aa  erntoeol  in  lii«  obMrvance  of  all  (be  duljn  of  private  bfe  aa 
he  woii  (leroic  in  tbo  iliMrhargfl  of  liii  public  onn.  Atnoof;  tboae  taeo 
of  §eniiw  wfaoni  h*  hod  the  happint-sf  of  kiKiwiug  ho  bad  always  fixiiMi 
a  ortaio  degTM  of  limplicily  necompODyinx  tlie  poaw-MMMi  of  tliat 
eplendid  MdowMnH:  but  UBumg  all  iJic  men  of  fti'Diiu  be  hatl  known 
he  li*d  nevor  fonnd  auch  native  unuideur  of  (oul  accomixuiyiog  all  lli« 
triMlom  of  o^e,  and  all  the  aimpltcily  of  jioniua.  m  iii  Mr  Urniiiui.  He 
had  never  kiiowii  one  in  whom  llio  wFtiT  quulilita  ul'  tbe  «i>ul  liail  com- 
bined t>  luppily  utilb  tbo  mightier  powers  of  inu-lliet.  lu  itborl,  if  he 
were  to  di-icrilM-  hii  cfannetar  Inidly.  be  (IkhiIiI  Miy,  "  \'itu  iuoocunii** 
■iniuHt  tnf^ito  tlorentiiiuuius;  propusilo  »iiiMiliaiiaiiw.'*  As  It  bad  been 
ihe  uhjoci  of  Ins  hi*,  nu  it  waa  his  ityinj;  prayer  tbfet  all  daiMa  of  nca 
■ili;hi  be  united  by  Ilie  (iea  of  uiuity  and  peace.  Tbe  hut  wonl*  wluefa 
bs  ullrrMlapre,  in  fad,  a  pntfeeibat  the  iitlemtsof  UwlvokiDgdonM 
oT  Oi*at  Briiuiu  and  IrvlAnil  might  be  far  ever  united  is  tkv  l>an<ia  u( 
alfeciloai  ibot  tiiey  might  lioth  clinft  (o  (heir  auciuot  and  (rcc  conrti- 
taiiiNi :  and-^  nett  ouoducivi.-  lo  effect  both  thcM  ot)fec(»— thai  the 
legiklatiire  ntiitlil  at  lenpib  m-c  tbu  MMdoin  and  propriety  of  adopuDX  • 
iMMMrD  tihicli  tbould  eOaoe  (lie  latt  *(aiD  of  leliRioai  inlaletanoe  from 
our  itHtilalMcii.  He  iniaied  that  he  abovM  imh  tie  tbouRhl  too  liaciitil 
If  h«  expRweil  hia  hope  that  (l>c  boiMun  pakl  to  Mr  Grattao'a  mvUMwy 
in  this  coaniry  oiight  have  toino  ttfidraey  lo  promote  ilie  itreat  ul^eda 
of  bii  UKr,  by  »lioiiing  to  lirland  bow  tniinh  we  valued  vervice*  rencli-red 
to  Iht.  even  at  the  expeiue  <^  our  nwu  prejudice*  and  pride.  Tbe  mu 
who  bad  M)  lerved  her  muM  ever  be  iIm-  object  of  the  rovereotlal  gnU- 
tiHkaod  fiiou*  tvculleclioo  of  evvrjr  IrWinun.  Whcit  the  tlltulrNMS 
ilMd  of  ditl<;ti-iit  kingdom*  wero  tf  Icn^h  inicmtl  witbiu  lb«  MOM 
OCBirtery,  there  woolil  *pi'm  to  Iw  a  ckwcr  union  between  ibem  titan  hm 
HmI  MlhNw  could  rHcct :  and  uhenerer  (he  reouiiis  of  lh«  grwl  nui 
■bouM  be  carried  to  that  vjioi  wbcrc  (Jf-pt  the  a«bf«  of  kindred  icrrat> 
■Mti  dioae  WHM  ntif;bt  be  apgilicd  to  bim  which  had  b«'ni  elicited  on 
■IWtber  occtoton  of  public  Kirrow  from  a  oekbratcd  port,  ubo  rvwra' 
bM  Mr  Graitau  in  Dotlnog  but  (bu,— that  tu  u  benuiifiil  imogiiMlioa 
b»  muted  a  *potkM  parity  vf  life : 

'  Ne'er  u  ibn*  ckaubM*  wImi*  llw  mlgki;  nat. 

Nor  et«r  u  tka  l«inn  W  Nta  tonnjM 
A  i>w«r  ivMi  or  ■  boUw  ihada.' 


I 


r»Bn.  i 


UCHkl  UHArTAN. 


S41 


Sir  Jnnu-s  Markintoih  wak  lulLoncd  iii  a  similar  «lr.iiu  of  poor^rie 
liy  I.nnI  CuiIIck^kIi,  Mr  Grant,  Mr  WilUiriuroe,  uid  utlicn.  Mr 
GmlUn  wu  publkly  iuurred  iu  WertBiiiHtcr  abbey  on  xbc  16th  of 
June.  The  spot  of  earth  drdi<nicd  to  liU  morUl  renuiiM  a^yoiiui  tfau 
whiHi  includcfi  the  dini  of  Pitt  bihI  of  Fox. 

Hr  Gnttto'a  tpeettica  were  collrcted  and  puUiabed  by  hi»  son,  in 
fonr  villain**  8vO^  in  1821.  The  followicig  ia  tbe  peromiun  of  hi« 
Miebmled  apr^cb  on  introdueing  llie  'Declaration  of  Iriah  Rights.'  ou 
the  19ih  of  April.  1780:  "  Tbera  U  no  policy  Ml  lor  Great  Britain 
but  lo  chi^rish  the  rcmaini  of  her  eat]Nn-,  and  «Io  juatioe  to  a  couDtiy 
who  bdi'ttriuiiicd  todo  juxiceio  herwif,  c«rtsl>  tliai she  git«a  nothing 
tqual  lo  what  *he  rt^epircd  from  us  whpii  we  gavs  her  Ireland. 

"  With  rei;ard  (o  ihi*  roiinir}-,  England  muM  retort  lo  ihc  free  prin- 
dpiee  of  (government,  and  forget  that  Ic^ialallve  power  which  she  liai 
Mteroiaed  to  do  mitchicf  tn  hi^rtcir.  Shr  muH  go  bock  lo  freedoiiu, 
which,  at  it  in  Ihn  roundalion  uf  hvr  conitilulion,  •«  it  ii  the  main  pillar 
nf  Ix'r  cRipirr.  It  ii  nut  merely  thi^  cuntirclioo  of  th«  crown,  it  ia  a 
oonniitiilional  annexation,  an  alliance  of  liberty,  which  b  Ih^'  true  mean- 
ing luitl  inrttcry  of  the  nistcrlxKid,  luid  will  make  tiolli  eoiiiilries  oDo 
arm  anil  ok:  >ouI,  rcpleniAliin^  from  lime  to  time  in  tJicit  iumioTUl  con- 
nection, the  >i[ul  spirit  (if  law  and  liberty  from  tlif  lamp  of  each  olhcr'a 
light.  Thus  eonibiDe«l  by  the  lift  of  common  inlin-st,  eijad  trade  anil 
equal  liberty,  tlie  coHlitution  of  l>oih  counlriew  may  becvfue  immortal, 
a  new  and  milder  empire  may  ariw  from  the  erron  of  the  old,  an^l  llu: 
BritUi  nation  waunie  once  more  her  namral  riatioD,  ibc  bead  of  man* 
hind. 

"  Tlial  lli«r»  aro  prcccdrata  againat  in,  1  allow.  Act*  of  power  1 
would  call  ihcni,  not  precedent* ;  and  1  amwer  the  Englkb  plewiliiig 
socli  prre<r<lrtits.  n*  Ihcy  anawrrcd  their  kioca,  when  they  urged  pt^ 
cedcnta  o^liut  the  liberty  of  En;;liuKl,  SntM  tliingc  ore  lli«  ««nkima 
of  the  time* ;  the  trnnny  of  one  tide,  the  (i«faleMiia  of  the  other,  tlM 
luw  of  rteither.  We  will  not  be-  bound  by  tbcm;  or  rather,  in  tho 
worda  gf  tbe  Declaralion  of  Right,  '  No  doioj^  judgment,  |trueeudinf;, 
nr  anj  viae  to  the  conlrttry  shall  be  brought  into  precnlrnt  ur  riuun- 
pie.'  Do  not  then  tolerate  a  power — tliv  power  of  tlic  liiilith  p«tlia> 
mcRl  over  lbi«  Inod — whicli  ha*  no  (buuilaliun  in  utility,  or  nceeanily, 
or  empire,  or  llie  lav*  of  Engtaod,  or  tbe  laws  of  Irr-lnnd,  or  the  laws 
of  BBture^  or  the  law*  of  Gad,^-do  not  inffer  it  to  liave  a  dunuioii  in 
yoar  mind. 

**  Do  not  tolerate  that  power  which  blatled  yog  far  •  emiiit; :  Uiat 
power  which  ahalterKt  jour  loon,  banlabed  your  lOftDii'iNliiM*,  disiliun- 
min-d  year  peerag*,  and  tupped  the  ifrowUi  of  your  |ieoplct  do  not,  I 
■ny.  be  bribed  by  an  export  of  woollen  or  on  imjMrt  of  ugar,  nod  per- 
mit that  power  which  haa  tliua  willierMl  tbe  laixl,  to  remaii)  In  yow 
rnontry,  nnd  liato  exiilence  in  yoor  putltlanlaiity. 

*■  Di>  not  (uHer  the  arrogance  of  England  lo  ioiagioe  a  anrviting  bopa 
in  the  li^iv  of  Irelan<l ;  ito  not  fend  the  people  to  their  own  rteoltwa 
■lor  liberty,  paating  by  thii  tribunal)  of  jnaticie  and  llie  high  coon  of  pur- 
linn>ent:  neither  intaiiine  thai,  by  any  foniulioti  «f  a(io)n)^,  you  ran 
lulliitr  Mieh  a  raniiDJniiMi  lo  your  lieailis  alill  Ipm  to  yiMir  rhildreti. 
who  « ill  ■tii>]^  yi>ii  Willi  (hrirctirws  in  your  xrare  Iik  having  tnleriiutr^ 
hi'iHri'ti  iIkih  anil  Iheir  Maker,  mbbnig  ibcni  of  an  iniiiKlKe  ucoaalont 

^11.  U  n 


Hi 


woLmcAti  mhik*. 


ami  kwJBg  Bit  opportunity  wiiich  yau  iJmI  »ot  crMte,  and  cui  UMcf  re- 
More. 

"  Mormftrr,  when  these  things  shall  be  histoiy.  your  »go  ul  ibraltlum 
and  ]>o(t'rly,  your  ludiirn  murrrrtiMi.  couiiucrcini  rvdrru,  niiil  iiiinicu- 
lotit  irinanK'nl,  ilinll  tlw  hiiionan  htofi  at  iibiTl}-,  and  ubocrrv, — UuU 
brrr  iho  pniiripnl  nirn  aniiing  at  ftii  into  niiniic  tniiici-i  or  gratjtadc, — 
Ibry  vetv  atird  bj  a  weak  miuiiUy,  and  briU-d  by  ao  iin]i4y  treasury, 
— Boil  wbcR  liberty  im  nitliin  their  gnup,  and  tbi-  trmplr  opt>ninf[  bvt 
lblding-<toont,  and  the  iinn«  or  the  peo)>lu  elungnl,  and  the  seal  of  Ibr 
nation  urged  and  nucaaragcd  tluun  oo,  ibat  they  Ictl  tluwn,  and  wcra 
prnatituled  at  the  lhrc«bi>1d  ? 

"  1  might,  a*  a  cooilitacfil,  comv  In  yiMir  bar,  ami  demand  my  liberty. 
I  ilo  call  upon  you,  tiy  tli«  lam  uf  Ibu  land  ami  tbuir  viuUtiuii,  by  Ifac 
■nttrnction  ol'  eiglile«n  counlir*,  by  the  amu,  inipiratiun,  and  jirovU 
dcnec  of  the  prpMrnl  uuinwnl,  Icll  a>  tliv  rule  by  which  wl-  shall  gu> — 
aawrl  lli«  law  i>r  Ireland, — dccUru  the  liberty  uj'llie  land- 

"  I  will  not  btt  antwcred  by  a  public  tie  in  iKl-  ihajw  of  an  tunend- 
menl ;  neillier,  tprakiiig  lor  tlie  aubjeet'a  freL-ilom,  ani  I  to  fae«r  of  be- 
tion.  I  wwh  fur  noifaing  but  to  brrullie,  in  this  our  uland,  in  eomuaoa 
witb  my  firllow.subjectd.  ibr  air  of  libfrly.  I  bare  HO  ainbilton,  un1«9« 
it  be  tbc  aiubiiion  to  htvak  your  chain,  and  Mntcmplalc  your  k^.^- 
I  m;r«!r  will  in:  utislird  «>  lon^  as  the  nicanL-st  cottager  to  Ir^aod  baa 
a  link  of  iIh-  Briiuh  ehain  clanking  to  his  rvgii;  he  may  be  naked,  Ih; 
slull  not  be  in  iron.  And  I  do  ai-e  th«  lime  b  at  liand,  llie  spirit  i» 
goiM!  forth,  the  dirdaraiion  is  plaiitJ.-d:  and  iboa^  Rt^ot  iii^o  •hooJd 
^HMtatixc,  yet  the  cause  will  live:  and  (buu^di  llic  public  i^ieakerabouM 
dx,  yet  <hv  tmmoflal  Arc  iboll  ouiiiut  ihv  organ  which  C0Drey«d  it; 
and  the  breath  oF  bberty,  like  lh«  word  of  the  holy  mnti.  will  not  dio 
with  the  prophet,  bat  surrirci  him. 

"  I  sJiall  ntovr  you,  iliat  the  lung*s  moU  ciceliGOt  ni^oty,  and  iIm> 
lord*  and  common*  oT  Ireland,  nre  Ihir  only  power  coanprtvnt  to  iMi» 
law*  (0  bind  Ireland." 


Sa{in  CiivHlrit  SEIilmot. 


•oan  L  n.  iTtti.— u«to  *.  o.  iei&. 


Mr  VViluot  wat  ih«  Mcmid  uio  ufSir  John  Eardtey  Witmot,  Lant> 
cbivf-juMicv  of  the  court  uf  Comioou  pteoa.  of  whom  a  brier  notice  baa 
been  already  prMcaied  to  the  render.  He  ww  vdueatpd  U  WcttminMn- 
ood  Oxford,  and  wo*  originally  intended  (or  the  tliurcli.  It  wtu  tor 
hitn  that  Warburton  drew  up  ihooe  dirr«tioB>  fcr  ■  yonoe  dergynan'o 
readioit  wbtcb  wi^re  afterward*  pobliihMl  by  Ham.  Tbc  (bUowiog 
curinus  inilonalion  was  found  in  bi«  Iktbrr'a  haudwrlting  on  the  bade 
of  the  learned  prelate'ii  plan  of  •tody:  "Tli»«s  dirertioo*  ww»  fp**^ 
fliv  fay  Or  Warburton,  bishop  of  Glooe^slcr.  (or  the  use  of  my  son  whrn 
be  propoaed  to  f^  into  orders :  but,  in  llic  year  1771,  lie  onfurtonaiHy 
pnwfWd  tke  bar  to  the  pulpit,  and  inslMHl  of  ly'uf!  on  a  bed  of  rmr*, 
anMiiooed  a  crawn  of  ihoms ;  •  Digne  puer.  n»eliore  llaniinD !'  " 

In  I7fl|  Mr  Wibnoi  was  appointed  a  master  In  Clnociery  by  Loni- 
efaanocUor  Tliarlon.     He  Iwl  a  lew  year*  previow  to  lU*  ctMured  |iar< 


PiKimi.) 


CHAKLKS.  OVKK  0¥  XnnPOLK. 


MO 


lianent  as  ni«nibcr  for  Tittrloo  in  Dcron,  antl  iilrntifit-'d  biuuclf  with 
tbo  connliatioit-parl^  rltirjng  tlw!  pragma  of  the  unluppj  iliiptilc  witU 
America.  On  tlw  apjicaraiicc  of  a  mmuitcrial  pamplilct.  in  I779i  eo- 
liUod  *  A  Short  lliitory  of  Ihn  OpposKian,'  in  vbich  it  itw  conteiMlvd 
tbac  lite  rcvt^t  of  the  Mlottios  bad  bcvo  urif^nolly  Higitislcd  aiid  alter- 
trnrd*  M|ipat1ni  and  matured  by  the  UnKua]^-  aiid  miNunrcA  of  aii  aa^ 
bi6oiu,  diMAct^Ml.  BDil  dan^Attiiu  minority  in  botii  Iioom*  of  poilia^ 
mmt,  Mr  Wibnoi  drrw  hi>  pen,  and  in  a  scniible  and  calm  but  spiril«d 
reply  llung  hock  tbf  insinuation  on  the  parly  witJi  uliom  it  had  oHj-I- 
■Mtttd. 

Oa  Ibc  lUMwaHUfl  of  Shclbuni*  lo  the  prmiimliip  tlie  uinnbor  Tor 
TtverUM  wan  a|tp<iiiitc*l  fiiM  cnumiiaioner  for  lettling  (lie  ctatim  of  tha 
American  loyulLits. — a  iliiiiruU  and  drlicole  (auk.  but  one  iu  wbkh  lie 
aciiuiltiil  himu'lf  tu  tbc  talu&dion  both  of  tbc  public  and  the  lunh  of 
llu'  tri-aBury.  During  ilii!  dkcuanon  of  Ibc  Irtaly  bctwMii  Fraud-  aiul 
Amiirinh  iu  17t*3.  .Mr  Wilmot  dvtvnAvil  IIm  Prorisional  artivloi  reltU** 
la  (Jic  Aniencon  InyoliMs,  9pi>akiii)>  of  wliom  Iw  Htd :  "  I  wovM  atiKM 
with  tkeni  my  brt  tliiUing,  and  my  laat  hMT;  and  if  tbe  Ifgidatura  of 
(kJB  eonitlry  tnw  not  dbpoocd  to  do  tbeni  lli«  joatioe  they  ilcccrrv,  I 
wobM  be  tbe  flnt  to  open  a  subscription  in  their  &roDr,  anil  cnauncK* 
it  by  priRK  a  noirty  or  all  I  am  worth  in  the  worid." 

In  th«  IKW  cominiuifln  oo  tlir  hill  brought  in  by  the  Coalition  min- 
iatry  (of  srttling  tlir  claims  of  tbc  American  tuyaliMs,  Mr  VV'iJmot  viu 
■gain  placrd  at  thn  li<«d  of  th<!  couimisuoiMtri.  Thr  comniiaiion  di>> 
charged  their  dutira  in  an  able  and  uprigtht  monnrr,  and  received  the 
thnnka  of  all  piarliea  for  tiicir  conduct.  On  the  Mtt  uf  Marrb,  1790, 
lliry  reported  ihatctaiint  to  th<-  nmoiint  of  £IO,3&8,4l3  had  bc^n  prc- 
M'ninl,  ami  thai  they  had  etaminril  claim*  to  the  amount  of  £6,SI6,)S6. 

Mr  Wilmot  Rupported  I'itt'*  adroiiiiatrmtion,  but  retired  hom  parlia* 
(iwnt  ill  May,  1796,  and  in  1804  reMgnol  hi«  niaM^rtliip  in  chancery, 
■ml  dedi«air*I  the  mnainilcr  of  bin  life  to  litcnuy  rctiremcM.  He  died 
en  llu' £Sd  or  June,  IHI5.  Hi*  aekiiomledgcd  woriu  trt:  I.  Tito  Lih 
of  Hough,  tHahu])  of  \Vorccoief- :  2.  Memoir*  of  Sir  .tohn  B.  Wittnot. 
Km.  i  3-  A  8be*1  I>ort'ni.-e  <>f  itir  Op]HMiit)(>n  ;  nnd,  ^  Hialoiirnl  View 
of  llwl'Mnmlaiioo  for  iniiuity  inio  ibe  Claim*  of  iJi<  Ancricnn  L,oyali»l». 


^ 


Clkirlrfl,  Siibr  of  jloUollt. 

•nan  *.  D.  ITM. — ftlst)  A.  D.  mis. 

Tuia  MBgular  chnmcl^r  we*  tlic  aeeoiKl  mo  of  Chorle*  Howard  of 
Gnryetoek  in  CumlM'rland,  who  tucceeded  eoUalemlly  to  tha  title  of 
Uuke  of  Norfotk  by  hi*  dtMent  liiMn  llmnMa,  Ekri  of  Arundel.  Hi* 
•on,  Ih^  aahjcct  of  tlie  (imcAl  notini,  be«unc  eiennth  duke  of  Norfblka 
on  the  dcniac  ofhia  father  in  AageO.  I78G. 

lie  vaa  tdncMcd  in  Um  Itomaii  Catholic  faith,  bet  pabKdy  abjarcd 
the  erroraoftlratclitircli  in  tlieywtr  17tM\  and  *ooitaA«rw«nli  obtained 
■  MM  in  (he  honac  of  Mmmona  m  i»«nber  for  tbe  city  of  Carlide.  lie 
tmn»rdialrly  joined  the  perty  fa  appoaltiou  to  Nofth,  and  on  tbi.-  oocea- 
•lun  of  tbf  Kr>rk<ii|:(iam  MbuhiiMrnllon  wa*  appointed  lord* lieutenant  of 
the    weal   riihii]{  I'l    Yorkshire      Hn  (ififHBvil    Skelbume,  Iml  accriilMl 


944 


TVLITICAL  nniBS. 


olFicc  uiiJvr  lli«  iluhr  ol'  I'orlUml.  aiul.  on  tJir  riM:  of  Pilt,  brcani« 
Rtvady  advocate  for  pnrlintiN'titttry  rdbrm.  und  jinncd  IIn:  popular  polt- 
lical  ao^ptirK  nt  ihr  ilny. 

In  1796  hr  vaa  iliicliurfii'il  frttm  fait  iHru  tenancy,  amt  di-privcd  ot  th« 
comniaml  pf  n  rr^nnrnt  of  niililJA  mliicli  hl^  had  trainrd  with  oo  OMB- 
mon  ciirr,  for  having  pn-Jided  at  (lit.'  annual  iDiirlirijt  uf  tl>c  vtag  dab, 
and  givf n  ax  a  touat  '  Tbu  Majiily  <rf  the  Pcoplt.'  EiKtit  vran  after* 
unrd*,  on  tlii?  nrci^siioii  uf  lili  fritiid  Fux.  be  wus  rrslored  tu  liii  offictctl 
honour*.  From  tlii*  pt-riod,  liowevvr,  bu  aiituDi«d  «  mor«  moileraic 
tunc  in  politics,  and  even  itipporl4^  tlx-  '  Propt^rly-Uz  Bill'  of  tblS. 
after  Earl  Giey  liud  prunuuiicvd  it  an  "  uoequal.  venliotiB.  and  appm- 
■ivc  mcttsufv."  He  was  a  uBiferm  and  lealout  opponent  of  U»e  aUn- 
(rudf-,  lum-i^rer.     He  died  in  tbe  last-iueutioued  year. 

Ttic  duke  jKKHeased  some  literary  talenia  and  occasional^  exercHvd 
K  vtry  judicious  patronage  ol  literary  men :  but  be  not  itn(reqii«nlly 
treated  tliem  with  grvat  bartfaneH.  In  his  priraie  manners  tie  <nw 
licentious  in  the  extreme,  and  he  treated  the  unhappy  of&priiig  of  hU 
ninours  villi  roost  unfeeling  neglect  nnd  harsbDen.  Shortly  b«'rorc  liia 
death  he  celebrated  the  crntcnnry  i>r  the  Kignataro  of  Mignn  Chart*  la 
a  grand  festival  at  Arundel  Ciuttlr. 


4 


(£l]ail(0,  4£at-l  ^t<inl)Oj}r. 


wa«  t-n.  I7M^— viao  a.di.  ISIfl. 


The  Sianhopei  xn  a  Durliim  fsmily.  Tlic  firat  of  the  honie  Mf> 
nobleil  na*  John  Slanhope,  who  iraa  croalml  n  bsrou  bjr  Juat*  l>;  but 
hb  son  dying  without  tMue.  the  liUe  became  rxtincl.  Alexander  Suut- 
liopo,  only  son  of  I'hitijt,  Earl  of  Cbe*terlirli),  wns  created  Banm  Stu»> 
hope  of  Molion  in  1717,  and  obtained  the  title  of  Eari  Suuibop*  in 
llie  lul lowing  year.  Philip,  ibvscccud  nirl,  wo*  a  man  of  literary  Usteai 
nnd  one  of  ihe  lir«l  matheniaticiBRi  of  hu  age.     lie  was,  like  hit  Iktlier. 

■  whig  in  poJitin.  Hi'  died  in  March,  1786,  and  was  s^ietvcdtd  by 
hi*  vIdMl  >urvi*ing  toa,  tbe  snbjert  of  litis  noti«i  wbo  was  eduoatcd  U 
Eton  ami  Genera. 

On  the  di-oili  of  fais  elder  brother  he  bccnmr  Vitcoant  Malum,  and 
on  hi*  return  to  England  was  iulrmluccd  to  parltanrnl  (bro«igh  the  in- 
flwiMWof  Lofd  Shelburiii>,     lu  1776  he  puUisbed  asmnll  tract  entitled 

■  CoBlidnadoaa  on  tbe  meaoa  of  preventing  fraudulent  pr^icticrs  on  iba 
Gold  eofn.'  At  a  later  period  in  life,  he  turnvd  hi*  altrntion  alia  to- 
vaid*  tlic  prevention  of  forgery  on  bank-paper.  Hi*  n-tnrdin  or  pre- 
vi-nli*M  in  both  raMB  were  purely  mechanical,  and  of  dout)4fiil  rtKcocy. 
From  the  gvriud  of  kit  flnt  puMimioti  <o  irilhin  n  trw  yi-nn  of  fcb 
tli-alh,  Earl  Sttuboiw  employed  biniM-lf  in  a  Taricty  of  scirntiflc  re- 
»i-urchc«,  nioflly  of  an  economical  nature,  tbe  fruit*  of  wbii-b  far  oce». 
aionally  laid  before  the  public.     He  applied  hi*  iii;,'i'nuily  to  thn  dis- 

<  corery  of  ilio  beat  method  of  proteelinj^  lioum  agsinii  lire,  and  s^nrt 
[.ihe  effects  of  lightning,— to  the  economy  of  planting  and  brick -makinft, 
-and  10  llie  lsi|>n  vetneni  of  Ibn  art  of  ptlnlinf;.     He  abo  puMiabed 
I  Many  on  ihv  '  Principle*  of  lite  acienee  of  luuinfi   Imtrumenls  irltk 
ird  Tone*.' 


4 


Pmm*.! 


CIIAALM,  eAUL  STAXHOFE. 


Hi 


In  purliiincnl  h«  wdouUjf  op|MsoJ  tin-  American  wnr,  nnil  inail«  a 
VRikly  of  attcBipb  to  pill  dawn  <xm-ii|>t  clvciioti  practices.  He  nlrly 
cxpoKxl  the  kbuinlily  of  ftitS  plan  Ibr  tbe  mluction  of  iIm?  ilobt,  but 
strenuouily  «upp(irtGd  ihc  minbtor  in  tbc  ilMctiwimi  on  Ihc  irgmey 
bill  in  I7t*8.  In  ibi;  MnH*  year  be  ^^ally  iliitingniibcd  hitnacir  by  bin 
Mcrtiixis  to  purgi!  tbc  ■lAtuin-book  of  variotu  mIioiu  aixl  inL-quilnbln 
peiul  Uw*i  h«  wx*  untucccsiful  in  hin  rffofi*.  but  bi^  (Iccbrcd  tliut  lie 
HTOuld  gwnitt  in  ibum  to  tbc  latnt  lnotnt^nts  of  bi«  public  life,  and  lliat 
"  if  the  rigbt  nvnvud  bench  of  buhops  wuuUI  not  ulluv  biin  to  load 
sway  Ibeir  nibtiMh  by  cart>fullt,  be  would  cixIcaTour  tu  carry  U  away 
in  wh«el-bam>wa ;  ai»d,  if  ibul  inixle  of  i^inovnl  were  rrsUtcd,  be  would 
take  it  away  ifpOHiUe  wttJi  a  >fiadr, — u  liuk  aL  a  time." 

EnrI  SUtnliope  was  one  of  ibe  foundoni  uf  ili«  '  Revolalion  todely.' 
whow  objcvt  WM  to  cbemh  bikI  (wrpeluate  the  prinolplei  of  tbe  Briluli 
RevolotioD,  At  th«  anaiMl  bimIIiix  of  thi*  wcwrly,  oa  the  5tli  of  Nu- 
vomber,  1769,  Dr  Prior  prpncbed,  io  tbe  fonnpr  put  of  tbe  day,  hk 
biBOiw  ditcntirK:  *  On  tbc  Love  of  oar  Country.'  In  ibi«  dUcoiir««  ibo 
princtpln  of  gonmmvnl  vnre  stated  in  n  mode  wbicli  th<^  KUiction  of 
a  century  had  r«iMl«r«il  laniiliar  tu  Engliihmcii :  nnd  the  great  docttinra 
of  civil  and  relifiioui  lilK'rIy  ineulcsled,  "  The  iinp«4WMiu:nt  of  tbc 
wofld  depenibi"  llii^  prracbcr  atfinneil,  "  oa  tbu  attcntiua  gircn  by  inca 
to  tliia  topic.  Nor  will  niaiiltind  b«  crrr  ta  virtuoa«  and  buppy  an  llicy 
are  capable  of  beiii|;,  till  tbe  ailetition  to  it  brcuinua  univcnul  and  cfli- 
eaciooiL  If  me  fori^t-t  it.  we  sliaH  be  in  donKcr  of  ou  idulair)'  a*  k*^**^ 
and  (tupid  a»  thalaTlbe  ancieol  hrallieiM.  wlio,  after  Gibricatiog  blockn 
of  wood  or  »loof,  f^ll  down  and  vonbipped  Ihem."  At  the  coociueiou, 
eipalioiiDtt  on  tbe  rricmlly  a»pe«l  of  tbe  limes  to  (lie  ciumc  or  liberty, 
the  pmcber  broke  oot  into  tbc  followiofc  cxclamatiou:  '' Wbat  an 
vvenlAil  period  in  thi*!  I  am  thankful  tlwt  1  hare  lirf.il  to  it;  and  I 
could  alniotil  lay,  '  Lord  !  now  Icttot  ibou  Iby  «errant  depart  in  pcooc. 
for  minr  eyes  have  (een  iby  nlvalion.'  I  buvc  lived  to  iec  a  diffuaiou 
of  kiio«led)-e  vbicli  has  iimltmiined  luperftilioin  and  «rror;  I  have 
lired  to  »eo  ili«  rit^bix  of  men  better  underetootl  thou  ever,  and  natloaa 
putting  for  liberty  nliicli  scetiied  to  bare  loot  the  idea  of  it ;  I  hare 
linsf  to  M«  iliirty  iniltiooi  of  p«o]ile  indignMilly  and  resolntdy  ipurti- 
ing  at  «lavi-Ty,  and  demanding  liberty  with  an  irreMMible  rojce, — their 
king  Iml  in  triumph,  and  an  arbitrary  tnoimrcb  ■urtvndvring  binicelf  to 
bi«  (ubjccl*-  .^Dir  shafing  in  the  benefit*  of  one  rvvolulion,  I  have 
tKi-n  ifinrrd  to  U-  a  wilmsa  to  two  other  reroluliout,  liolb  |{lorion*; 
and  now  methinlu  I  tm  the  anlour  fur  lilxTty  enlrliin);  and  Bpreading. 
and  a  genctal  aaieiMlment  bcginninft  in  liuntuo  allairv, — Uie  dominioa 
i>r  kioga  changed  for  tlie  dofninioa  of  law*,  aivil  tlie  'loniinioii  of  priestt 
giving  way  to  the  dominion  of  reaaon  and  mnacicncp.  Bn  encouraged, 
nil  ye  friend*  of  fivcdoin.  and  nritrr*  in  il*  dofrncci     lltn  itmoa  are 

■iM|ilri Vour  kboun  hare  not  bora  lit  nin  !    KcKnld  kingdmiu. 

MlnooUlted  by  jdu.  darting  IVom  altvp*  btvling  thrir  flatten,  anil 
elalsiing  jnrtie«-  iVotn  thrir  opfveaton!  IMkiM  the  li^bt  you  bare 
■truck  out,  after  tettiog  America  free,  reAeele<l  to  FrancCi  and  Ihero 
kindled  into  a  blace  Ibnt  Uy*  di'ipotism  in  whn  anti  warnit  and  illuini- 
nam  Enmpet"  linpmMsl  with  tliefe  •entinu-nN.  the  tocieiy— wbmo 
niiiulK'ri>  on  \hn  ocriwioo  for  eiccvilnl  tbov  of  any  ftinner  oiinivrrMry 
•— mill nlmoti Illy  ri^olved,  mi  ibr  im-tiun  of  Dt  Prieir.  In  offcfi  in  a  for- 


tM 


fOLtTM-jtt  araiM. 


TKi 


md  sdilfvM,  ■■  their  eongntuUtioM  (a  ilie  Numul  Hwaitilir.  on  ifce 
rvMit  aTlhelntegiivwNUMTolntioain  PimBC*^"  Thii btimg,  timwitlrf 
by  Uteir  eliairmaD,  Earl  Staflliop«,  to  ihe  Dokc  de  la  Rodirfoitcult,  »m1 
Uid  by  tint  uobltfinau  beton  tbe  a*wmbljr,  mi  rrcnvctl  witli  bNid  ae- 
damatMioa.  "  It  bt'IoBgcd,"  taid  KocbefoucaDh  in  bb  rtpl^.  "  Ui  Dr 
Price,  tli«  aposDe  of  liberty,  U>  propow  m  mattoa  l«iMliiif  lo  [ny  to 
liberty  tbe  birst  homaKei — thai  of  DatJoita]  prejudices.  In  tlot  ad- 
draw  b  tn-n  tlic  dawn  of  a  gloriow  day,  in  *bich  t«o  adrerse  nxlmn 
•hall  oonlract  An  tntimate  anion,  rounded  on  tlie  Biiuilarity  or  (heir  ofi- 
niooi  and  llicir  connnon  cnlhosiuin  G>r  liberty."  The  arciibbbop  of 
Aix,  prcaidrat  of  tbe  Kational  ancnbly.  tmoMnitted  to  Earl  StaobofM 
■be  *aie  of  ihr  aaacmbly  rcUlirr  to  llie  adrfmi,  rtatinf;  "  tbal  the  a^ 
Kiably  mw  dn-ply  affbcttKl  irith  thU  cxirBOfdinary  proof  of  -rMrri, 
and  dirrcting  tli4r  prcaideflt  to  rsprvMt  to  tbe  Rcrolalien  aoctr^,  tbe 
-  livirly  fenaibilily  with  whidb  the  Natiooal  awrmbfy  bad  rrcciTcd  aa 
addrcM,  breubing  Ihoee ■eotiinofila  of  hiimiuiity  and  iiniirml  bcnero- 
lence.  Ibai  ought  lo  naite  together  in  dU  countrin  of  the  aoriil  ih?  InM 
rriendt  of  libeny,  aad  the  bappiii««  of  mankind."  These  were  ytry 
decided  proce«dings,  and  expoacd  Earl  Stanhope  to  oo  little  miareime- 
M-ntaiioa  and  political  hoAtilily.  HU  lonbhip,  however,  continoed  tne 
to  tbe  cause  in  which  lie  bad  thni  emharfced,  and  on  the  publicatioa  of 
Burke's  celebrated  speech  on  the  French  rerolution,  addressed  a  very 
spirited  'Letter  in  Answer'  to  llie  right  honourable  gcBtleman. 

In  I79S  Lord  Stabbojit'  wartnly  supported  Foi's  'Libel  BiU,'  ami 
published  a  small  voliime  enliiW  'The  Itighb  of  Juries  Defended,'  in 
which  be-  describes  trial  by  jury  as  "  the  inipregnAhk-  Gibraltar  of  the 
English  constitution,'  "tlie  stroogluiM  and  brlrvstof  the  pmpte."  His 
lordihip  maintained  a  steady  and  eoMnlent  opposition  to  Ihr  «ar-inpa- 
surcs  againit  France.  On  the  6th  of  January.  1795,  he  notvd.  In  hb 
ptac«  in  the  oppi-r  bouse,  a  molulion  whidi  wa«  not  vDpporled  pren  by 
his  oiro  rrirmb  in  lliv  minority,  but  1>is  hndthip  entered  tbe  following 
protest  on  the  joornab : 

•'Jammary  9M,  ITM. 

"  DbMndenL  1st.  B4>cause  the  motion  mode  for  (he  hoot-e  to  ad- 
journ was  pfofesst'dly  intend*^  lo  gel  rid  of  the  rollowing  resolutiuo, 
*ix.  '  llcM^vcd,  that  this  country  ought  not,  and  will  not  interfere  in 
the  i»l4>mal  affairs  of  France ;  and  that  it  is  expedient  caplicilly  to 
declare  (lie  ssaie,' 

"  iMIy.  Becaiue  I  hold  that  it  Is  conttaiy  lo  eqotty  and  jusiiee  fiir 
any  bretgn  country  to  intrrferc  in  the  iBtarml  tCurt  or  cooUitntion  of 
tbe  Fretidi  r«-public  or  of  any  otlier  iiidepemleDt  nation. 

"  Sdly.  Because  the  governmcDt  of  Great  Britain,  (not  liaring  been 
rlcctcd  by  ibc  ciliirns  of  France,)  can  have  no  more  riifht  to  t;ire  to 
PraDoe  a  monatchicalt  oristoerutieal,  or  other  form  of  ([ovcmineiil  wlial- 
OTer,  tlian  tho  croword  iWjiots  of  Priusia  oiid  Hussia  hati  to  ovvftani 
the  constitution  of  (now  unhai>py)  Poland. 

**  4thly.  Bflcauwi  I  highly  (lisnpprovc  and  rrprobnii'  (he  iloetrina  ad- 
vanced by  rainiftcrs  in  the  debate,  namely,  '  Thni  to  restore  the  anrimi 
and  hrrcdilary  itionarrhy  of  I'ranec  no  rs|icnse  should  be  sparnl.'  And 
I  nprohntr  that  pciiiLeiiiiin  iinil  unriric  iloclrinr  the  more  slrotl^jTi 
from   ita  nM   havini;  lircsi   >uddTnly,  JMfltly,  or  iucvntidcmlrly  MafihRl, 


I 


I 
I 

I 
I 


KkMip.) 


CHAKLtH,  KARL  aTASHOPZ. 


bnt  Troiu  iu  luiviiig  bci-n  takr.a  up  (u»  it  wu  wkiniily  declared)  uiHiii 
lllr  DlllH)sl  (lrlitH.-riltiou. 

"  5ttity.  Hfchiuu^  I  i1»in  it  to  Iw  an  injuatiec  coaimillcil  by  mlnistcni 
tfiwardu  my  ri:IUiw-i:itJi(.-its  ti>  ailvfit  a  priuripk  wliicli  sliall  render  it 
ncccMsry  for  llic  govemmenl  of  Grcnt  Bhtiiin  to  lay  furtlin'  bcavy 
buTthrn*  upcia  the  pMifile ;  and  tti  (at  tlicir  liauwa,  tbeir  wiodowsi  their 
bccri  tlirir  candhv,  their  (hoca,  and  ntany  oiber  eaa*«nienciea  and 
iiMMtoarira  of  lifr,  in  <ird«r  (o  provitkt  a  fund  to  allvnipt  the  aocomplish- 
rocnt  of  Kucti  wiclcrd  purpono  ua  afumiaid. 

"fiUily.  Br«au(f  ibo  prapoicd  molulion  above  stated  naa  tnlendcd 
by  oic  n»  a  *  itolmin  pl<(%c  tbnl  ihi-  gnt-irmiaeti(  of  thit  ualioii  nunld 
not  intrrfi-rc  in  tbc  internal  sfliiin  of  {''nuioe;  Itut  the  rvfiual  of  tli«! 
hoiun  lo  give  tucli  n  pledge  Irndti  (o  i^hut  ihe  door  to  |icace,  and  o(iii- 
•etpidntljr  tend*  to  insure  thi?  ruin  of  ibu  mnaD&cturiog.  commercial, 
and  oDOt  happy  eoaolry :  partiimtitily  comiidcring  ibc  inrrcaMid  and 
rapidly  incmuting  «(rrnglh  of  ihc  nnxy  of  the  Frrncli  repuUic,  inite* 
pcodently  of  lh<!  pnwpect  there  i>  of  tlirtr  having  tite  narics  of  Hulliuid 
&iid  Spain  nndf^r  ibrir  immriliate  intiurnev. 

"  7lbly.  Etreniuc  (he  pubtie  fiindu,  llir  jupcr  ctirrencyi  and  tbe  public 
aild  privali-  emiit  of  this  eonntry  will  prohnbly  bo  iin(v|unt  lo  ulnml 
aitainst  llie  Ircmrntloui  >lioek  lo  wliirli  tlur  niinittrrn  vill  nnw  cxjiote 
tliem. 

"  Stiity.  BccauK  I  think  that  frankocM,  hiwiaai,  huninnity,  aod  the 
principli^  of  honraty  an«l  of  juMicc,  arc  aivayx  in  iImi  end  the  beat 
poliey.  And  I  belicire  it  lo  be  iruA  in  regard  to  nalion«  (a*  well  as 
with  rc*pe«t  lo  indifiilual*)  lliat  'ooihiiig  ifant  is  not  jiwt  con  be  wim^ 
or  likely  to  be  ultiwateJy  jmupemv*.' 

••  9tlily.  BeeSBM  1  lanent  ae  more  that  the  lioa*c  ibould  rcfuio  lo 
dlacbin  the  [nlerKrrinit  hi  tbc  Uilenial  conitilution  of  Fnuice,  inuimiieh 
•(  by  Ike  Dew  coattilutiou  of  the  French  repubUe,  one  and  iodit  iviMc, 
wlopied  by  lli«  preaent  aational  conrration,  on  tbc  33d  of  June,  1793, 
Md  umler  (be  title  '  Of  the  Relation  of  Ihc  Preneh  republic  with  rornga 
natiooa,*  and  by  the  arlicles  118  and  119  of  that  coiutitnbon  it  i«  de- 
clared and  enacted. 

"  ■  That  (lie  French  people  in  the  friend  and  natural  ally  of  tnry  frc* 
nation.  It  don  not  ioti-rfere  aiih  Ihc  goi-ernment  of  other  iiiUioM:  it 
doea  not  cufltr  ibat  otiirr  natkiua  ihouhl  inlvrfere  with  lt<  own.* 

"  So  frank,  ao  Aiir,  and  to  explicit  n  dei'laralion  on  ihuir  part  did,  ia 
my  ofiioioo,  entitle  them  to  a  bctti-r  iprviea  of  relum. 

"  lOihly.  Because  1  conceive  thai  a  true  republican  form  of  {;o*«m- 
omrt  bein];  ISrmty  i-»ub)i'liiil  in  Frnnee,  ii  louch  more  nfe  to  ibo 
libertle*  of  the  |>cop4r  of  (ireat  DriUlii.  than  the  (yrannicaJ,  capriejouai 
pertidioiu,  M«rt't.  intriguing,  and  realleM.  oncictit  niMiarehy  of  France. 
or  lIiaD  any  other  monarchy  they  could  there  c»1abli*h  ;  bat  even  )f  I 
were  of  a  riin-rt  opjKuite  way  of  Ihitiking.  I  would  not  be  piilly  of  tbo 
RToia  injmtiec  of  ■tinnpting  to  force  a  monarchy  apon  ibein  coiiMtrj 
ID  Ibrir  iorliiialion. 

"  lllhly.  BceaiNC  I  think  thai  no  war  oiifht  to  br  eonlinoetl  that 
<an  by  a  jirnper  line  oTmodenition  Ix  avoidett :  and  llie  more  rtpeciatly 
wilh  n-*(>erl  to  the  French  pi'i>pli-,  who,  by  tlirir  n'pubtican  exertion*, 
rrpublicati  ctiibiiBia«ni.  aiul  n-i^iblicau  i'out.i}|:<-,  lidie  mjile  iietoey  ili» 
iUmmi  eo«i*lBtit  >  order  of  the  dav.' 


^M 


POLITICAL  SERII 


**  ISthly.  BecauM!  ilic  coiiliiiuance  af  mcIi  s  bloody  ootitcat  oilbobt 
ti««c»ity,  appear*  lo  be  a  probae  iciapting  of  Diiinc  Providence,  i& 
whow  beiiiga  kbA  almi^lilf  banda  lli«  btc  of  bUlk*  wd  qT  canpim  » 
plaoed 

"  ISthly.  Because  I  wnh  lo  wwIi  my  hntids  cnlirrly  or  iht  innocent 
Uuod  tliat  may  be  tbed  in  this  var  viih  I'mncc,  and  nfall  ibr  di-struc- 
tioii,  ctilifuuon,  and  dovutntion  (prifaap*  orOrrat  Itriuin  it*df)  whidi 
may  «nsue. 

■'  l-lilily.  Because  it  "as  my  object  lo  pirclndc  lh<'  gavernmrnt  of 
Great  Britain  from  attcntpiing  lo  ttir  up  or  excite  inourrrction*  in  La 
V«ndC*(->  or  any  olbcr  drpartini-nl  of  lliv  I'Vcncli  rr-pubtic,  aod  ibft  le- 
soluiitin  I  moved  wax  n  ell- rale iilatril  for  that  piirp<»e. 

**  lAllity.  BecaUK  tli<:  niaxitn  of  *  Da  iiiit  lo  oilicn  tJiat  which  jtm 
wonid  not  wjab  doiw  to  younii-lf,'  in  an  iiiicnitij;  rale,  founded  tqMn  tbe 
clear  princt|dM  of  jv*tiort  that  i<  to  niv  of  equality  (if  ri;;tils.  It  i*  opon 
tlii*  «4rDng  and  iwlid  graand  I  make  my  iland.  An<t  all  public  iiiri», 
in  ortkr  to  lacrit  the  con6dcncc  of  the  Itritisli  people,  must  iliou*  ihrir 
dcierminiiuon  lo  act  with  fraoknts*  and  vith  uuMjuiiucal  good  Etiih 
ami  Jiisticu  lanards  the  French  irpublic. 

"  HaTiog  upon  lliii  iaiporlaat  and  momentous  wbicct  fre(|iicRlly 
■food  alone,  and  hating  alio  bcwn  upon  thb  last  occmou  tulully  un>ap- 
|)orIed  in  the  diTi»ion.  if  I  »bould  tlierefon:  txtute  at  prewnt  lu  attend 
llib  bouM;  (where  I  ham  been  placed  by  tbe  mere  accident  of  biilh), 
Bucb  of  my  fellow-citixcm  aa  nn:  fricudi  lo  fre«d<Mu,  and  who  may 
cliaiiee  lo  n^ad  tlii*  my  »oknui  Protiat.  trill  find  that  1  luivc  not  altrml 
my  MBtuoenb  or  opinion* :  at>d  thai  I  have  not  changed  any  of  my 
prbidpleii  for  my  principles  ii^icr  can  b«  dunged.  And  ihote  Icltow- 
dtiicn*  will  abo  tind,  lliat  I  hereby  pli'dgc  mytclf  to  my  country,  that 
1  aliall  continue  n  liai  I  ever  have  bcco,  a  xraloiu  anil  nmhakrn  ftioad 
lo  peace,  to  juntice,  and  to  liberty,  poliiirnl,  civil,  and  rrligioui ;  and 
that  I  am  dctcnnincd  lo  die  (a*  I  have  lived)  n  firm  and  *ica4ly  »up- 
porter  uf  the  nnalirnnMc  rights  anil  of  the  bnppinrM  of  all  mankind.' 

In  tbe  monlli  of  l-'cbruary,  lt50U,  wc  linil  biv  lonUhip  once  murt'  in 
hi*  place  in  parliament,  and  moving  the  folloaing  rcKiluiion :  "  That 
on  humblo  addrvM  be  prcwated  to  lii<  maje^y,  n-prr*cnUng  tbe  hor- 
ror* of  war  i  lliat  in  all  counlrieri  a  tiate  of  peace  i*  ever  the  inU'fCit  uf 
the  people,  and  lh«  aliedding  of  blood,  without  abnolutc  occ«-MJly,  re- 
pugnant to  humanity ;  and  further  rcpretcntiiig  that  tbe  preacnl  war 
ho*  bcm  ex|irMiTe  beyond  example,  prDduotive  of  a  great  incrcaM  ol 
■he  national  debt,  of  taxea  to  an  enormoua  amount,  and  of  an  alamiiag 
tucrtaw  in  tbe  price  of  jdl  tlio  neeeMarie*  of  life :  and  furtlicr  repre- 
arnting,  that  pence  in  nc«cwary  to  aien  the  unpcnding  danger  of 
famine;  for  although  tbe  pment  Karciiy  is  In  tlic  first  iMtaucv  ocea* 
aionod  by  a  M-anty  harveu,  the  extent  of  tlw  evil  arise*  frooi  the  war; 
and  tliat  it  m  the  duly  of  ihi*  houso  atroegly  to  ditsuadc  lias  nojaty 
from  tht:  continuance  nf  ibc  eoiitest  for  tbe  f«>toraiioii  of  the  aadrni 
line  of  princes  of  Hm  bousa  of  Bourbon  to  the  ihrouc  of  France :  am! 
to  entreat  thai  a  negotiation  nay  ba  immediately  nfM-timl  for  pence 
Willi  ilir  Fn'oeb  reixiblie."  The  motioo  was  njeclcd  by  an  overwiirlnt- 
ing  majwiiy.  Altirlhis  perioat  hi*  lonUhip  Itxik  \<**  iiitircM  In  publie 
meoalim,  and  livid  in  eoinpNniliii'  mirrnii-nl.  Hi*  Wt  yi-ai>  winc- 
iaiUtlered  by  unruiluiiulc   fjimili -diipulei,   in   llir  i-ourH-  of  wbkb  he 


i 

i 


i 


1 


JOHir  COUBTCNAT. 


MS 


fuoDiI  bini.wir dMtrtLHl  by  all  lib  lainily.     He  lUeJ  OB  lli«  I7lli  D<«vhi- 

b<-r.  mm. 

Hii  tunlihip,  uyii  iLc  vir'uet  oTtbc  nooce  in  tli«  '  AuduoI  Obituary,' 
"  HSU  (>u«  i>r  ItiL-  iiiotl  siugular  mta  of  the  age  in  whicb  be  livcil.  lu 
penon  be  wat  t^l,  loiik,  «i(b  a  poltfh«<l  forcliml,  wbJcb,  on  accotmt 
of  bahlnoui  ciWinknl  to  tbe  oMipuL  ili*  count<-D*Dcr,  of  late  yienn, 
was  wan  and  pali;,  and  rhrivHIrd,  to  as  to  rrixtrj'  hiin  niiKb  oId«r  in 
appearance  than  in  rrality :  while  hb  locb*  were  vtraight,  ttitT,  fliid 
Ibrnuli  aacred  alike  rrnm  hair-powcter  and  the  eurlinf;-iruQt.  m>  ih  ei> 
■clly  U)  Tinemble  Sit  Harry  Vonr*  portrait  during  ibe  civil  wont.  A 
•corn  of  drcaa  and  of  fufaion  trciui  i»  bv  li«retlitary ;  uud  ao  plain  and 
•imple  wa*  lii>  nppt'nmncc,  titat  liad  it  not  been  Cur  a  cerUiii  awkwanl- 
IWM  in  bin  gnit  ai»l  mnnnt-r.  in  <-\prcii  di.-tiaiic«  to  ibi?  rvle«  laid  down 
by  bit  cclrbntttil  kincman,  Pbilip  Lord  ChcateffieU)  iia  oDigbt,  like  titi 
OBii  btbcr,  tho  K^ond  eail.  hxrv  hern  refused  tttnlMfOd  irllbio  tbu  bnr 
of  ibe  faoutc  of  Irttdi,  accompiuiiL-d  vUb  llie  remarl  of  '  Good  man, 
•iMuI  off;  *u(;b  on  you  niuM  not  come  here.'  One  auoodoU-i  on  tbe 
Mwrt!  of  pliiloHifibu!:!!  ixtdiiy,  will  attlftce.  Silling  one  day  in  compaay 
•iih  liii  lonUhip,  I  perM-ived  llial  bia  booU  were  rounded  off  in  a  psf 
liiTuUr  wauner.  w  m  to  be  Air  Ban  ai^cwas  than  covmoti.  Oti  iif 
•juii^-,  t  found  rt  lo  be  bii  oplnloa,  •  tbat,  a*  iron  jointt  work  bott  in 
uil,  «a  do  iliMo  al«o  composed  of  bone,  miHele,  nnii  tinh  I'  Hu  miii,  a 
flni-  )'Oung  uaa,  lioce  d«>ail,  toon  aft«T  conlimMMi  tbb  fact ;  and  iii  re- 
cfieol  lo  Ibe  rcaaoiriagi  after  due  relleelion,  I  am  yet  lo  team  why  tlw 
rigMly  and  atiffiWM  incident  to  nge,  nn<l  okn  to  ibe  uniutural  coMtraiirt 
T>r  a  iMtbcra  alioe,  may  bM  in  part  be  warded  olT,  liy  wicaiu  of  an  ok-a- 
IliBauH  Mmpoailwn." 


•oaw  a.  o.  1741^— mio  a.  n.  IHItt. 

Tills  gMilfeman  wan  a  luitire  of  Itrlnnd,  itli«rc  bi*  bHiily,  dinuith  of 
Kn^UJi  iln<Ynl,  once  (MMfmaetl  iouiloBM  cidilnt.  Vncoant  Ttiwiis- 
biml,  wbnt  vlcrroy  of  irdanil,  litat  brought  liiw  itilu  |>oliltefll  life,  by 
•pjMHiilini;  hiiD  he  *ecrftary,  aixl  gt-lliiig  hiw  nluriM^l  (vr  the  UiroUfth 
«(  'I'liinworlli  to  Ike  paHiaiaml  wbieh  aitrnibli-U  in  (.>i't(jl>;'r,  I760<  lb- 
ilid  floti  bowever.  UeMily  brnuoirwiib  uiiiii-ii>-r>  in  hi^  lirit  appaanuiea* 
in  Ibe  bmiae,  altboagk  m  Umt  migaalion  uT  Lord  Nofih  be  ai:c<un|M»lcd 
hiwi  into  rrtireniMiL 

In  17(^4  be  upMaeil  Pitt's  ■  Conmtilativn  Act,'  ami.  tit  1786,  tbe 
dob  of  Riebnaowl  •  pbn  of  iatantal  fortlAoaliona.  f  l«  waa  «ae  of  tbit 
•■rilnt  Md  ataaacfcMl  aapportm  of  VVUberibrw  in  bi*  iwdile  HCmU  la 
(Ml  itown  abfrry.  In  I7&7  wa  fiiMl  bioi  ia  iba  minority  whieh  wp- 
nnrltd  Mr  Grvy'*  wioInmi  (or  patUamentary  rvlbmi :  aiid  in  I8(l&  hi! 
jdinni  tbu  ioiim  nicmlM'T  (n  hia  Motion  rt-biiiv<<  to  tbi:  Sjiaiiiah  p»|iei>. 
On  tbe  obanito  of  ailminittrniion  in  I90G  Mr  Cadrtonaj'  broane  a  o<>m* 
nbaJuiMir  of  ibe  Irracury.  He  rajnyod  otboe  only  a  Uim  noaths  alter 
whiob  be  relirtd  from  public  lifr.  lln  itoaib  look  pbee  OB  Ibe  3iib  of 
March.  IHlS.  A*  au  oraloe,  Courtunvy  amitMd  morv  bn|acitliy  ikan 
lie  eonriticeil :  Iii>  •jirrrlitf^  oltni  diapUyvd  a  |lillerii»g  but  biriiihaa 


ibO 


POCr 


CAt  tniw. 


J  poignMCy  nrfcicb  almMt  amounCiM)  lo  *il.  Tlioegh  b  wUf>  lie  wrote 
[  k  UmdMtory  pOMn  on  Johnaoa.  He  «iu  alio  th<.-  autluir  of  '  A  Smv* 
of  Po««ical  Epbtka  on  Um  Mua^n,  An*,  and  Pcili6cii  of  Francr  «nd 
liely;'  of  '  Philonophical  RoHccUom  (addrcucd  tu  Priesd?^)  on  ihe 
Jtrvoliilion  in  France ;'  nnd  uf  a  '  Poclical  and  Pbilooopliical  Etmy '  tm 
Ihi^  tasar  lubjccl,  dedicated  to  Burke.  To  ost-  a  JoliDMWiui  |)tira*c  1m- 
«a*  eminent  as  a  talker. 


^atrirh  Buigrnait. 

aoiM  «.  p.  17ai.— oiKD  «.  tL  I8IG. 

This  criebraied  ehara«lcr  a  gcmentlly  nippoMKl  to  hare  been 
MB  of  an  Irwb  )>co]=nnt.  A  Itoamu  Catbolio  writer,  who  cviiJrnlly 
owm  kU  »ubj«ct  DO  good>«ill,  wyt  of  him :  "  l)t  Duigcnaa  owe*  bi« 
btrlh  lo  Paddf  O'Dewgcnan,  nnd  Joan  bi*  mite,  two  Catholic*,  who 
■ubifaml  bf  tending  csltic  on  one  of  llie  bleakot  mauRtains  of  the 
MUBlyaf  LMirim."  Ho  alio  mnintniM  lliat  lie  wa»  iotcailcd  fiw  ■  priul, 
but  convprtril  by  a  Prolntant  drrgj-man.  who  kofit  a  ndiool.  and  rabMl 
him  to  Ihc  liliintioii  of  bio  auiitlatit.  "  Wiih  liis  ckration.  our  licro  atilopt* 
inn;  new  Tirn-f,  rrnil  bin  rrcantalion^  and  changed  hii  real  name  oT 
O'Oewigenan,  which  he  ihoiigbt  inroiirr'd  too  roucli  of  Popi-ry,  tu  lh« 
more  PVotrstnnt  appellation  of  Uui);eRan.  Mr  Duigman,  aa  we  raiurt 
now  call  liim,  remained  at  tliii  scbcwt,  till  by  tlic  bcnevoJeat  aid  of  hi* 
matter,  he  acquired  at  much  lexriiiaf;  aa  enabled  hiai  lo  f^in  admiiiton 
R*  a  Biier  lo  Trinilj  college,  Dublin,  wlierr,  conwioas  lie  wa»  rif^hling 
pro  ungtri&u*,  lii*  application  wai  no  inteiMC,  that,  lliottgh  namiited  hf 
any  rxiraordiiuiry  lalrntc,  be  obtained  n  >cliolar«liip,  and  afUrwarda  in 
due  time  a  feltowtbip,  tlien  ibc  higheiit  point  of  ambition  lo  which  he 
eould  oapiro.  Among  (he  iri*h  CHlliolics  il  in  universally  obterved 
that  kila.dried  Protestants,  (by  which  i*  meant  Ukmo  who  bare  rewl 
itietr  recantalion  fron  tbo  church  of  Itomc  lo  ilial  of  England  or  Ire- 
land,) arc  peeiiliarly  iirialorant  and  boatiic  to  the  mrmben  of  tbetr 
fonncr  ooumuoioa. 

However  obaeiuv  hi*  birth  may  have  been,  wo  aooa  And  him  Ukmg 
a  diMlagaiilied  place  ajnouf;it  hi*  frllow-colleagaea  at  Uoblin  and  r^ 
wariM  wHh  a  h^-fbUowkliip,  of  which  only  two  are  allowed  by  tbe 
■tatniM  of  that  univeruly.  When  Hrly  Ilulchimon  became  proroal, 
Diugcnan  exhibited  hb  diMalitfaelion  nt  the  np]>oiiitmctit  by  the  pabli- 
calioB  of  a  l^n  poem  entitled  '  Lnchrj-ma*  Acaifemieir,'  and  nnm*- 
diately  withdrawiag  from  under  hi>  juriKlictioo.  He  *ucccst>*ely  pub- 
llobed  a  Mrka  of  satirical  pieces  levelled  ngaintt  the  proroct,  for  whieh 
h«  «a>  called  to  account  by  one  of  Huleliifiton's  admiren.  Daigenan 
aoO(|MMl  tbe  ohalleagsMot  kinii  bat  lemlied  bis  adversary  into  a  com- 
pnnbe  by  appearing  m  tbe  Add  armtd  wiili  a  huj-e  bloDdctbuia  with 
which  bo  threatened  to  blow  him  lo  pleoea. 

In  17SJ  he  wa*  appointed  king**  adyocoie-geDcral  aad  a  Jailgo  ha 
Ihe  Premgailvc  dKiri.  In  1790  be  «u  returned  to  tbe  Irlab  parlia- 
mcfll.  "  Hii  adherence  to  the  old  high  ebureb  prinoiple,**  aaji  one  of 
hia  coalnDporariea,  "  Anally  procured  him  a  seal  in  parliament,  when 
the  lucreaaiiig  liberality  of  ptibltc  feeling  made  it  likely  that  tfaoac  pri»- 


4 


r«aMD.) 


PATBICK  DUIOEHAM. 


t51 


ciplea  might  ik^  an  ailToatlt!  la  9up|io«t  llictii.  Spot  to  l)ic  ((-imIc  lij 
drrinl  ioSociioe,  Dr  Duigifiau  liu  ci(^vi-r  rui^oiii^ti  what  bi^  uw<s  lu 
his  pntroiu,  uor  h*t  lit-  uI  auj-  lime  oiuilu-d  «u  oecaaiou  of  iin-'uli-uliitg 
<Mi  (b(!  Imhibv  aixi  tite  public  tbc  virlurs,  Uie  jjorcrljri  and  the  luyaby  u( 
iIk  eIrTKyi  or  of  boldrng  out  pop««y  and  fceUrUl*  a«  tli«  riH-iiiii^i  u( 
(toil  and  of  religion,  of  montl  duly  and  of  good  gororDiueiit.  It  is  nut 
only  agoiiMt  papist*  kwl  occtiLmt*,  ■*  Midi,  ihnt  llie  caustic  (-loqueiice 
or  Ur  Dnigcaan  w  directed ;  lb*  Irixh,  u  distingui^bed  from  the  Briliiib 
(Ttller  and  tbeir  deMcndut*  in  Irrlttnd,  arc  rqimtlf .  nt  timt^  ihc  smiart- 
big  victim*  of  bi*  tongue;  «>vmi  a  nam«  tnunding  likr  that  of  nii  Irisli- 
■uui,  or  an  Iriili  Cal]iolic>  funii«hr*  a  ibcmn  for  tlir  parlinnKmtary  in- 
veetives  of  tbe  learned  iloctor.  Tlic  onfortunatc  niimcof  Kcngh,  whirJi 
bflongcd  lo  a  man  aonic  liinc  actirc  in  tlic  caute  of  cmancipaiioii  and 
reform,  ha>  tii(>rc  than  ont'v  breii  pronounced  \ty  Dr  I'atrick  Duigrnon 
in  a  manni-r,  unil  a  touv,  whii^b,  while  it  iTniiTtnini'd  (hu  Hrnnii-,  tpokc 
hi*  contempt  and  »corti  fur  Iruli  gulluroli).  Il  vrould  be  doing  great 
iiijioticp  to  tlii*  learned  gcntknian  lo  intiiiuatc  lliat  be  'n  an  iiidident 
•riialor,  except  nbcn  tli«  coscttBiur  tha  cburcb  call  for  his  exertioiw; 
the  fact  is,  he  i*  one  of  tlif  noM  sa«bMU  nifiporters  of  th«  Irish  admin- 
bmtion,  and  tbo  mrxtt  ilrvolrd  cnr-iny  of  sedition  in  every  form  ;  but  it 
mult  be  arknowledgcd  tbul  bin  power*  arc  nio»t  linppily  nisfd  when  ibe 
inlrrrat*  of  the  clergiy  combine  with  ibc  oafL-ty  of  tlic  itatc,  an<I  when 
be  labour*  at  once  for  God  and  lor  hi*  couut^'.  Hr.ncc  it  i*  that  hu 
call*  forth  hi*  fi»c*l  6|;ur*«,  and  Hanwa  witb  BOst  licat,  when  be  opposra 
nieli  a  nun  a*  Mr  firattan,  who  su  ■OMtakingl}'  would  cuK'a^  religious 
freedom  an  eivil  liberty,  lutlvnl,  a^imt  such  men  w  Mr  (inttUn.  tku 
ikwlor  deligbt*  to  [lilt  hiiiiMlf.  Evi,-ti  when  tktt  gnitlemun  bod  nilind 
Com  iMriuuBeai.  bit  addrcn  lo  hu  coiisiilucsts,  and  mouic  olh<T  iriiU't 
which  appMr«d  in  p«blio  under  hi*  name,  eicitgd  tbo  attention,  and 
rou«ed  the  lire  of  the  doetor.  He  atlacked  them  in  a  jiampblot  w 
niuoh  in  the  doctoe'*  fUong  way,  ao  vebcmcnl,  wc  do  not  say  *o  *curti- 
loiu  and  fo  abusive,  that  Mr  Grultan  thought  bintielf  caltn)  upon  la 
gin  the  gontlMBao,  who  bad  taken  lo  much  offence  at  him,  somi?  othei 
way  of  obuuniiw  »ali*faction  than  mere  writing  would  ullbrd  him  i  be 
acvDRKngly  left  London,  went  to  Dublin,  and  after  publish tng  on  advcr- 
lisenkanl  iu  moat  of  the  Loudon  and  Dublin  papera,  in  which  he  applied 
Ike  ilrongeM  qMtbets  of  eoatenipl  to  ih«  doctor's  publicaliou,  gave 
notice^  llMtt  fer  a  ccrtau  ■vuber  of  days,  in  the  udvertiaemeiK  oieii> 
tinned,  be  thowkl  be  fband  at  Keani*'*  hotel,  in  Kildare^iilruel.  Tho 
doctor,  however,  qd  ibis  oeeasion,  sliowid  himM'lf  a  wril-dtipoacd  iub> 
ject.  who  could  not  easily  be  persuaded  lo  break  tbr  ptaro:  be  eJterted 
no  stigactty  in  finding  out  Mr  Graiion's  meaning,  aitd  Mr  G.  knowing, 
parbtpa,  Ibe  ilai|g«r  of  giting  an  eoelcaiasticsti  judge  a  more  Ga|>lidt 
dnliniioa  of  itt  rctunml  after  sosie  time  to  England.  It  ii  remark* 
aUri  that  Dr  Duigenan  it  ut  |tri->enl  a  widower.  Hi*  wife  wo*  a  very 
rigid  Catholic:  and  notwillutUHliug  iti«  ichewrnoe  of  his  dccUrmlion 
againat  popery,  with  hii  strong  up|HMilic>ri  to  wery  popiak  clailO^  ha 
kept  ruiulanlly,  during  bis  wift,'*  lili:,  a  Catholic  priest  in  bia  houaei  aa 
her  coiir>,-Mor  and  cluplaio.  He  is  still  a  licaltliy.  atrong  Ban,  tboiigh 
in  dteliiiiiig  years:  wbetlier  he  will  a  secoixl  lima  connect  ktiDMlf  with 
thai  alwiminaitena  of  Daby  Ion,  ii  a  matU-r  of  eurioui  spenilalimi,' 
lie  waa  iIm!  lint  iniuilicr  who  icfttarcd  lo  jnopocc a oniioa  wtUi  Great 


Hi 


■roLincAL  sBKin. 


pinvft 


Britain.  At  the  lime  of  hb  dnth.  which  kappcBrd  en  ihe  llih  ol 
April,  1816,  be  m*  an  Irtfh  privy-roKBcri)<ir ;  vlcar-gairral  of  die 
oieiropolHaii  coart  or  Annagh,  of  the  diocMM  of  Heatli  tnd  Elphin, 
ud  of  the  coii*iiilOTul  court  or  Dublin;  jadgo  of  the  pmrogUiTS  coort  ; 
king*  n«lvnciiK-g( nrral  of  titr  higb  court  of  adniinllj' ;  proftwcr  «f 
riiit  law  in  th4^  uaivcnity  uf  Dublin,  and  LL.  t). 

tie  wai  ■  nun  of  vrry  Mmndemblp  po«m>,  biit  riolrnt  lo  nn  rxirpme 
ill  all  lii«  nction*!  and  not  wilbout  rcaaon  «wf)c«tcd  of  ■ycoplwQcjr  tu 
minirtcra. 


^ir  liogcr  Cartts. 


Mkw  A.  D^  1710.— Mmn  a.  v.  Ifllfi. 


This  gallant  adniral  «a>  born  at  Downton  In  nUta,  wberv  hb  1^ 
tlifr  was  an  opulent  brnier.  He  early  evinctd  a  decided  pr«di)(fCii4Ni 
for  tlio  M«,  and  waa  allovf^  to  grBlify  hia  inclinalion.  He  vnterad  tba 
service  onHcr  Cnplnin,  afWrwards  Admiral,  Barringion,  a»  ■  midahip- 
nun  on  bonril  the  Venna.  In  1771  he  brcnme  a  lieuttqiant,  and  In 
1776  was  appointed  ci^ramander  of  the  Senegnl  »loop  of  var.  Hia 
•rrvicc*  on  tbe  North  American  station  recommended  him  to  the  Dotiee 
of  Admiral  Lord  Houe,  nho  proinotetl  hiiu  to  the  rank  of  po«l-c«piaiB, 
in  uhich  rapnciij-  he  naicrfsUy  coiilribuled  to  tli«  redaction  of  N«w 
York,  Ithodc  Itlnnd,  and  Pbiladdpbia.  In  1701  h«  grMth*  dtatingaiab- 
rU  liiiitti-ir  by  hia  able  Mrrrioe  in  Ibroving  aiipplit*  into  Gibralur,  nad 
in  the  following  yrttt  be  conuibuted  f^Teally  lo  lli«  (rallant  delnwc  of 
that  placo  made  by  Governor  Elliot  againBt  ihi-  Spaobh  and  French 
li>rm,  aa  oppcon  from  the  Ibllowiug  estrant  from  the  govcmor'a  <!«»• 
IKiichn ! — 

"  Tbe  Spnobh  squadron  having  gone  to  tbo  MStward  of  the  ravkt 
Olid  bnncd  In  u  lim-,  (the  admiral  leading.)  canw  bcliwc  ilie  balieric* 
of  EuropSt  and  uiitl«'r  a  very  alow  tail,  e«Dim<;i»cMl  a  flrc  front  all  ihrir 
gtiris  until  the  lart  ahip  bad  parted.  Tliey  rc|)e«t«d  tlivir  mana.'urrt  at 
two  o'clock  tlie  folloving  morning,  and  again  in  the  (brcaoon  of  the 
MUM  day.  Tttcff  iucctbivi!  oannonailcs  did  not  any  way  ilamagc  the 
worfca.  Some  of  Ibe  lending  ahip*  having  been  pretty  IVeqnently  stiuck 
by  our  *boi,  lb<-y  anmnrds  kppt  at  a  greater  dialance.  Two  Spanisb 
ahlpa  went  early  in  tbat  aoning  10  Algnuras  to  repair,  an  wc  liuagiiR-. 
All  the  hMterica  at  Eorepa  ware  muned  by  the  mnrine  brigade  «n- 
i-nmped  ihi-re,  with  a  small  proportion  of  anillrriiti.  The  gmta  were 
■  aireinely  well  laid  aod  pointed;  the  whole  ooilrr  Ihii  immecHole  Com* 
tiiand  of  Br^ndier  Curtis.  But  Ifae  13th  iif  September  wae  the  epoeb 
HxmI  upon  lor  the  grand  attack,  and  as  many  of  tbe  Spnniili  v^oh 
were  dflTiDi-d  rndcsiTvctibh-  fay  Grr,  in  conaniupncc  of  a  new  invcalicn 
liy  Ocaeral  D'Aryon,  a  French  engineer,  it  was  clpvct^d  itiat  a  aeri* 
OM  impreHlan  would  be  made.  The  fblhrving  b  the  total  amonM  «f 
the  eaabliwd  fi>ree  brought  into  aelion  upon  the  pment  meawnible 
ocfMioa ;— 1.  Sptnlah  ahlpa  of  tlirce  decks.  3 :—?.  Of  tl>c  tine.  S8 1— 
n.  French  shlpe  of  three  deck*.  A  i-^.  Of  tin.-  bm;.  V ;— A.  Spnnish 
>hi|«  of  fnim  BRv  to  »i»ty  guiM.  8  t—C  DailcniiR  aliip*.  10  j— 7.  Hont- 
ing  battery.  |  f~LB.  Uonib  kelohcai,  A.     In  addiliau  to  Ihcee  69  aoil,  ere 


n 
4 


I'lawB.J 


UR  XOOBII  GDIITIS. 


353 


I 


to  ba  mdudfd  ui  ■■inwitte  Aotilla  ooasuting  of  frigaiea.  xebe<«,  gun 
nnd  morlu'  boat*,  tuf^licr  wiib  300  targo  (bBllopt  to  cany  Iroofw ;  M 
lliut,  io  tlu:  nvciit  of  the  liir  of  tbc  gnirisoa  btting  silciieod,  •  ludiRg 
was  to  liuvD  bfcti  ■itctu|>l<tl.  About  right  o'clodk  ia  U14  OMmJDg  Iba 
SpauuJi  bttllvring  ilit|»  gQt  uudur  weigh,  and  hy  trn  thry  wcqrv  all 
phtccd  io  Uu-'ir  re»]>M!(ivc  >uiii>i».  Froio  ibc  h^n  batKirinx  tliip*  aloDo 
KB!  apiiii.-d  a  lri-ai«iMloiu  fire,  from  (iro  hiimlrcd  anit  (wrli'c  in-rnl_vais 
pouDik-n,  wliik-  the  SpaDtsfa  line*,  at  liic  Mine  time,  pUycd  incoanntly 
on  tlio  rock  willi  lieavy  arlillny  aixl  morlani.  The  ii>llu»iti)c  inlcnst- 
Iii^  a«ciiiiiit  cannot  Sul  of  aflbrdiBif  eu(ii|>lc(e  Htivfaclion :— '  The  eye*  oi 
all  Europe  bad  loofi  been  tonicd  on  thb  Ikmoiu  tiegv,  and  the  pn-para- 
lions  lotlerly  naik  by  Iha  allied  rorciw  of  France  and  8)iaJo,  ncrc  of 
uteb  a  oH^lude,  Uiat  it  was  generally  »uj)po>cd  victory  niiiit  at  kuftlU 
have  crovued  Ibeir  penevering  efiWti;  th«  jiriuco  of  Ibe  blood  royal  of 
Franw.  (oiaa  of  lb*  principal  nobitily  of  Spaiii.  and  muuy  dvttti^uuliMl 
■nilitary  ofllccn  bad  joined  iho  betiegiDg  army,  andi  logetber  villi  an 
innen«c  croird  ol  ipcctoton,  wrre  aaaious  witneiKa  of  tbe  attack;  llic 
oonil  .ncd  powcn  hod  formed  the  mo«t  aatignriio  pipecutions  ofauoeen 
frc  .1  thrir  battrring-ibl}!*  iliTtiicd  perfect  in  ilcMgo,  completed  by  dfalt 
'  1  prodigioa*  labour,  and  ualitoiied  pi»fii*ion  of  i<KpoDse>  audi  by  com- 
mon  ivpo«t,  pronounn^l  invincible.  Tlw  Rnglith  baiterin  opened  as 
tliv  cneoiy  come  before  them,  and  an  awful  aod  IronieiMloun  lire  wuh 
kept  up  on  both  lidei;  the  Spaniih  Boating  bitterica  were  nipportcd  by 
iIm!  canoon  and  mortar*  iii  their  liiir*  and  approaches,  and  tn-o  boiuli 
kctebea,  which  wvre  brouj^ht  lorii-ard,  eontiniicd  to  throw  »hc]U  into 
tbe  gniriMii  during  th«  attack.  Red-faotibot  were  >rni  with  auch  pre- 
ciilao  fron  tbe  gBiriioa.  tbot  ia  the  alU-ntoon  the  unoio  vu  teen  to 
iatiM  AxMH  tbe  uj)pef  port  of  tbe  Sjionikh  adtnirol*  and  wme  other  Bhi|>«, 
and  niM  ime  peroeivod  IneBeduBlly  labouring  to  eatinguish  the  fire 
by  IIm  aw  of  titv-9agiat».  Tbe  in  from  the  girriaoii  wa«  kept  up 
brifkly,  and  that  of  Ibe  enemy  gmdoolly  dccreaied.  About  aeven  in 
the  onniog  tliey  ilrcd  only  from  a  (i-w  guns  and  that  only  at  intervals. 
At  midnigbl  iImi  odnilmrt  *bip  waa  plainly  ditoovered  to  bo  o«i  firv,  and 
Ml  liowr  lUlrt  tbe  «aa  compUilely  in  tlnino:  eight  more  nf  lln-  Spauiah 
khipc  took  fire  in  lucceMlon.  CoBfuuoa  wb«  now  evident  among  tbcm, 
awl  tbe  nunteroui  rockeU  thrown  up  from  each  rhip  km  a  deuiaualra- 
lien  of  tbe  gmtooM  of  Ui«lr  diitreM  I  ibeir  Bigaolt  wetr  aiuiiertil  fromi 
lh«  fleet,  awl  tbcy  iauiwdiataly  tent  ltiiii«lM8  and  Iwati  ordiffrrent  ik. 
icf  ipDooa  U  ttfce  out  the  ineu  t  the  Gre  Irom  the  Spsutib  tinea,  hoir- 
cver,  did  sot  elackeD,  and  the  aliiiM  not  coinplciely  in  Hamn  »lill  acnt 
a  few  tbot  at  intcrvala.  At  ibia  critical  period  Caplain  Cuttia  gnvo 
priMif  of  bia  gn^at  akill  aiHl  jud|;nii'til ;  he  ailvnaetd  villi  the  whole 
diviaion  of  gun-boat**  (twelve  in  number,)  eocb  csurying  a  twoDty*liMir 
or  eiglileeB  poiuKkr,  aud  foraied  tbcui  la  a*  to  Bonk  tfac  line  of  the 
■Niniy'a  bstlcriag  *bip«t  while  ibcy  wen  aaaoycd  hy  on  cxceMive  h(«vjr 
and  well-dirmlMl  flru  from  Ibo  ganiaon.  Tlio  fire  from  llie  gun-boole 
vaa  exceedingly  well-directed,  and  k«pt  vp  with  great  vigour;  it  vCvv 
laally  prcTeoled  Uie  enemy  fratn  approaehtng  to  ibo  aamuncc  of  their 
•bipa.  GeUL-nd  Elliol,  in  hn  public  letter,  obacrvo*.  afmkiug  of  Ibi* 
mnxvuvre,  that  "  Lhe  i'fii-ni)'a  iliriof*  ultioiiX  at  ai-a  wna  cffeelaally  de- 
rtntcd  by  tbe  coaitaut  and  wiiruipiHtrit'l  6r>'  from  llie  ballcrica:  but 
the  wcU-lJaied,  Judtcmi*.  aud  ipiriud  ntUcL  made  t<>  Urigadief  Curtis 


p 


254  POLITICAl.  SKniEI. 

trmlpretl  lliis  fuocMS  a  complete  victory."  Tlif  »cfito  now  bccanM  ««• 
tjrc-ly  cliangcil ;  th(?  Spnniiirdi  linviiig  atinn<loncil  lli<!  uliip*,  aad  left  th« 
nen  in  them  to  the  mercy  of  thi:  Kngliuli  or  the  flamei,  ilic  cnriny 
became  objects  only  of  pity-  and  m  inu<-h  courage  wtu  cscrtnl  to  uvc 
tbcm  M  hntl  lieforc  been  iliiplnyeil  in  rrpc-tling  llieir  attack  ;  \hc  tna 
were  KrcD  nmiil  flnmca,  anii  on  Honting  pit'CiTi  of  wrrck.  imploring  ibn 
OompoMion  of  ibrir  rncmini,  and  tliis  bunioue  •ervio!  bceame  a  *rry 
perilous  cmploynicnt,  from  the  firing  of  tlie  cnmion  oa  the  melal  bccami- 
lienled.  Tills  nemc  cunnot  t>c  pninted  in  alrurigirr  language  tban  in  the 
word*  of  tirncrni  Rlliot.  '■  They  fled  preeipiluldy  with  nil  their  boob, 
abandoning  their  nhi|).i,  in  nhich  BUtoe  oDicen,  «ud  iiumlieni  of  their 
men^  including  many  wounded,  wore  lei)  to  jierisli.  Thin  uiiavoidably 
RioKt  bnvi:  been  their  HTClched  fute,  Imd  they  not  been  drugged  fron 
amidst  the  ttamn  by  lh<;  personal  iutrirpidity  of  Brigadier  Curtis,  at  iIm 
ncnimt  haxard  of  liii  own  life,  a  life  invaluable  to  his  inajeslj'*  •ervice. 
For  *onie  liine  I  felt  tJie  utiuont  anguish,  iifeiuf;  his  pinnace  elow  to  one 
of  tli«  largest  tliijM  at  tli«  nionient  she  blew  up,  and  ipn-ad  her  wreck 
lu  Ik  vast  extvut  round.  The  block  cloud  of  Miuokt-  being  dispencd, 
I  was  again  revived  by  the  sight  of  the  pijinatcc,  bttle  apprebeudiog 
timt  the  brigadiLT  was  in  lk«  utmost  danger  of  sinking,  >oui«  pieces  oif 
timber  having  tillcn  inti>  and  pierced  the  boat,  killing  the  eoekswatn, 
and  wounding  others  of  tlic  men,  and  leaving  searec  any  hope  of  reacb* 
ing  the  sliorc ;  providen tidily  he  was  laved  by  slupping  llie  hole  with 
lli<-  sramen's  jackets,  until  bouti  arrived  tu  his  relief."  Uy  the  unc 
i-xptusinn  one  eun-boot  nna  sunk,  and  unutticr  damaged.  Aninutled  by 
Ui(!  example  of  Ciipiuiu  Curtis,  the  British  scumen  diaeovcred  a*  nocB 
irdour  iji  iniployicig  every  effort  lo  relieve  (heir  ennnin,  a*  tbcy  hul 
ilooc  in  conquering  litem :  by  their  generous  exertions  lliirtern  Span- 
ish officer*,  and  344  men,  u-i-re  rraeucd  from  the  fliune*.  Thus  rndml 
a  contest,  in  wliicb  it  it  diSicull  lo  decide  whether  the  inirrpidiiy  or 
humanity  of  Ihf^  English  d<«erTcd  moit  eonimendnlion.  Sliortly  after 
this,  OD  the  I  llh  of  October,  the  St  Michael,  a  Spanith  74  gun-ship, 
WM  driven  und«r  the  n-alls  of  (iiliraltar,  and  captured.  Ity  the  great 
cwrlions  of  Cnptain  Curtis,  her  sLoms  trrre  taken  out,  tbo  ship  got 
afloat,  and  warped  into  (lie  Mole  by  tli<!  17ih,  noiwitbftaRding  fbe 
CDcniy  annoyed  (hem  exeevdingly  by  shells  nhrn  nrrj-ing  out  oncliara, 
ttrc.  to  gel  lu^r  off.  Lord  Hown  shortly  after  arrived  with  a  mtivoy  ta 
rclkve  Die  g&rrison  :  it  aj>i)eant  by  hi*  public  letlrr,  that  hail  due  at- 
tention been  jnid  to  the  instructions  cominunicsted  by  Captain  Curlii^ 
the  mn9|K>rts  might  have  entered  the  bny  sooie  diiy<  enilier  than  was 
neeuniplisbed ;  however,  the  scrviee  was  at  length  eoRi]>l(-trJy  extHTolviIi 
and  the  fertrts*  relieved  in  tbs  praaeacaofa  very  su|irtior  farces  much 
to  (he  hononr  of  tbe  Iirili<li  naval  character,  ('aplain  Curtis,  being 
charged  with  tbe  linal  coinmuniealions  of  General  Klliot  lo  l.(inl  llowr, 
entbarkcd  mi  board  the  Latona  frigate  for  lliat  purp(j>e.  'Ilie  sllnaliou 
of  the  eM-my's  Beet  the  next  day,  however,  prreiading  htm  frvni  ro 
luniing  to  (iibraltar,  he  rcnuiiteil  on  board  the  Victory,  'llie  eoptaln 
of  llut  ship  ticing  despiitclK'd  n  ilh  an  account  of  the  procredlngi  of  the 
tlavt  dttfing  the  relief  of  Gibraltar,  and  the  >ubie<|U«it  partial  adiona 
uitJi  the  combined  scjuudrons  ol  France  and  Spain,  a  vacaae^  conae* 
•liiinlly  look  pLaer,  ojmI  Captain  Curtis  nas  >p|>uiMliil  lo  the  Vielory. 
Jlnd  it  linn  a  moUer  of  clioice  |>n>hably  be  wunUI  hate  preTenrtl  re> 


I^MD.) 


mOROB  UARDIHOK. 


SiS 


iMtning  with  )ii*  »1<l  frirnil.  Ijord  (lowc,  m  ctptain  of  th«  Victor)-,  ii> 
l^in  resuming  the  commnnil  at  UiWaltnr.  It  mw  not,  bowcTcr,  IcA 
to  hi*  ofitKMi; — hu  m«j«ty"s  nimistrn,  in  conscqnenoo  of  a  prcMing 
hAuMUmo  fnim  Gcn«nl  FJliol,  liavitig  ordered  CttpUin  CurtU  to  Gib 
rnJtar  in  the  Tlictis  fripati-.' " 

For  )iii  si-rvicm  on  llii*  occasion.  Captain  Curlin  vta  knigblvd,  luid 
wu  also  iippoiutinl  uiolutsaador  to  thv  cQipcTor  »f  Morocco,  willi  thir 
rank  of  cuiiiinoilur''.  After  liaving  for somv  time  commnndctl  tlui  Gan- 
jtr*  f^uril>«lil[)  at  PurUdiuuili,  be  wai  nominalnl  colonct  of  marinn  lU 
Flymoutli,  ub  u  til  as  cajtlaiii  of  th«  Hiiet  under  Lant  Iloirc,  aod  hon  a 
disliiiguisht-d  jiurl  in  tbe  batlli^  of  lite  lat  of  Junv,  1794.  On  llu!  4lli 
of  the  following  Jv\j  tic  was  promoted  to  Ibe  rank  of  ivar'Udiniral;  aiid 
on  Ibo  lOlb  of  September  CTeat«d  n  biiroiiel.  tu  179!)  he  became  v»ev> 
Mbuiral  of  ttic  Hed ;  ant)  in  1800  obtained  a  »epanle  comnuiM)  at  tJi* 
Cape  of  Uoml  Hojie.  On  the  pctu-c  of  Amiens  he  retired  to  Ills  nel- 
itnee  at  Gatcombc  in  HaiR{Mhirc,  nbont  be  died  on  the  I4th  of  Nov 
1910. 


€itorqt  ^avtiingc. 


■MM  ».  D.  )743r— viKB  *.  V.  Idle. 


Gkoror,  Efroml  *or  of  N'icholfu  Harilingct  chief  c)4:rL  in  the  hou»c 
of  roiumom,  was  boni  in  1743.  Hn  was  educated  at  Clon  and  Oxford. 
Having  ttudml  fur  Uic  Inr,  be  Mion  ranM!  into  considrrnbic  practice, 
and  in  1780  ww>  appointMl  tolicilor-fcencral  for  the  qaecn.  In  1763 
lie  defended  Sir  I'bomat  Kumbold  asaintt  n  tfareitlened  bill  of  pains  an<l 
poudtiei,  and  also  ipokc  in  fanmr  of  Warren  llattinga,  in  his  place  as 
nmiwr  for  Old  Sanim.  In  I7H7  he  was  appoinlod  on«  of  the  senior 
WeUJtidgefL 

The  Mlowing  addreu  to  the  grand  jnry  of  Pn-stcignc,  on  the  I2tb 
of  April,  1808,  arill  convey  tome  idea  of  Mr  Hanlingc'ii  ntylv  and  h^i- 
tiMUMsat  on«e: — "Gentlemen  of  this  giuod  jory, — It  is  now  the  SUt 
yev  of  my  judicial  attendaiKc  in  ihu  court, — n  period  in  which  '  mora 
tigna  and  woMkrs,*  more  '  dintmwv  of  Datioo*,'  mhI  taorr  awful 
change*,  (not  of  empire  alone,  but  of  man,)  have  cnnrulscd  and  hare 
desolateU  tbe  yroriA,  than  ever  brfore  took,  effect  in  no  limited  a  com- 
paM  of  tini«.  Y«t,  in  tlie  mklst  of  tucb  alarming  ntitaliona  amuixl  i» 
ot)  vrvry  avU^,  thin  island— tbi*  littli!  spot  in  tlic  map —  holds  up  its  bead, 
and  covers  uiidor  Its  iriii]^  ibe  most  envied  coniumiiity  of  iJic  inhabited 
earth.  What  u  it  that  liaa  accomplislicd  this  uuexumplml  security,  and 
tkia  etevated  diarmcter ?  b  it  tiw  army?  Is  it  Ibc  navy  7  Is  it  this 
pe«Mn>t  ?  or  Ihu  oierchaulf  It  it  not  any  one  of  lh«te,  nor  all  of  theao 
united,  though  caoh  of  (bcm  tuUs  powerfutly  in  tlie  balance;  but  it  i% 
the  Mul  obicb  anbutea  Iheiu;  it  is  the  constitutiao  of  the  govemmrtil, 
aitd  tbe  native  spirit  of  the  people  !  Then:  are  vital  parts  of  OS  which 
the  lyraat  of  Paris  cannot  meb,  which  his  inordinate  wealth  cannot 
iinpOTcrWi,  and  which  his  gifted  abilities  in  icdnction  cannot  mii^leail. 
Wa  cherish  Ihcae  bairlcn  againM  him,  tlie  more  because  wc  have  taken 
a  note  from  the  emnple  of  bis  friends.  Tbe  enemy  there  ha*  been  oar 
friend.     A  reluctant  iritnM*  against  his  own  crc<lit  is,  in  courts  of  jui- 


958 


WLirrcAL  aesiu. 


t!fina 


'  lice,  Uie  most  {lownrul  advooate  npou  eanh  far  tW  Inlrrrus  of  irwJi. 
A  ttnc  wa« — it  *m  a  iMMmg  doiid— 4h«t  Mime  or  us  nrre  limgvd  whli 
leTt'lliiig  priRct{il*«  1  but  tli«  good  Knw  or  the  nMJonnl  mind  m>iI  spirit 
MHMi  rcrovvml  its  lone i  and,  uilh  prophetic  MgMity,  «w«pcd  in  lint 
froin  llioM  vipen  of  ilic  boMiii.  Whit  h  il  that  wp  now  liv«'  to  *««  in 
Ihe  visdon  of  that  avTuI  tnKlructor,  lime?  Kngntiril  upon  the-  u- 
vag«  phrensy  of  popular  cUmotir  a^inst  nil  e"v>TnMi<-ni,  whetkrr  of 
God  or  or  msin,  U  a  tlevpoiinn  th«  nio«t  iinbridted,  and  thtt  mart  inH>- 
\tnt,  that  evrr  dogrnilrd  thf  Vihrny  it  ftvcrcome.  Rverj-  Dominol  (take, 
for  whi<'h  innocent  bltntl  «m  Iho  onlrr  of  the  dny,  and  the  policy  of 
Ihe  gnillolini?',  hai  hera  more  itmn  wipmnlrd,  it  has  Imtu  thrown  inlo 
VBiiton  ridicule  liy  the  porailc  of  that  KipcrrrHrian.  Kiii«  vetv  lo  bo 
dethroned  and  montcml : — rrgidile  wa>  lui  attribute  uflionour; — Ibr 
verjr  nnmo  of  king  «a*  to  l>e  a  cane.  An  imperial  kinf  ho*  not  only 
takrii  the  *crptiv  of  hi*  own  '  French  Iffriloty,'  mi  be  oalll  il,  iaia  hii 
perrannl  hinid ;  but,  m  if  to  laugh  nt  tbe  fuok  li«  baa  endavcd,  hm  bf- 
Irrrd,  if  I  may  uh-  thni  phnuc.  lialf  (he  continent  with  pvltj  loveftigat, 
at  the  m«Tcy  of  his  breath. 


Ttali! 


—  What  MOD  (kolr  iMMdit 
«t  a  rcpl  mini  lure  on,' 

Th«  pDlan  of  the  church  wene  (o  be  snbvtncd  ;  the  pope  of  the  day 
waa  banishedi  was  degraded,  was  impriMned,  na*  a  nuabling  fugitive 
under  a  guard,  and  shown  to  th«  niullilud«  as  an  otjod  of  deriaioa ;  it 
«M  a  murder;  it  look  his  heart.  The  succuMr  of  that  pope,  tenifi*^ 
or  con-upted,  is  rrccived  inlo  ttic  very  heart  of  Paris,  and  oonsertwu* 
tke  imperial  diadem,  wtlh  all  ibe  ImpoainK  fopperiea  of  Ike  CaU>o(i«  ri- 
lar.  Tlie  Doblet  were  to  niik  Inlo  the  duil . — alt  yttrt  lo  be  tititem*. 
One  or  the  nolilene,  who  was  draceiided  frotii  the  Bourbon  mee,  took 
the  name  or  D'ByalHf,  and  pnid  for  il  with  his  head.  Wbal  has  be- 
come oftliat  vulgar  and  brutal  spirit  now  ?  A»k  tlie  dukea  and  |irinc«w, 
elevated  into  the  ]>r<-nigi-  liir  bi-ing  janiiaries  to  ihi^  tuiirper,  wbo  Biii* 
malM  their  energioi  tij'  terror,  otA  by  love  !  All  badges  of  hotionr 
were  to  be  torn  off,  trampled  undtr  foo\.  and  otijored  as  hnmtlialiiig 
men>i>riab  of  slavery  to  kings.  They  are  t>o»  spread  nrer  s  Mint  U 
Full  or  [landa  «■  (hat  of  I.ouis  \IV.,  nud  arc  nantonly  excteigfd  In 
the  eM|iirlling  inlercourae  of  a  regal  conKcfkrary  against  the  obaltaalr, 
though  solilnr}- c-mtii'r*  of  spirit,  indrpeodcoce,  tmd  freedom,  left  oti 
earth  I  We  thank  him  fur  this  note  which  lie  has  given  to  biMofy,— 
for  ihc  living  proof,  ofwni  a  record  which  '  he  who  mM  may  trad,' — 
ihni  '  rebHtion  against  the  legitimate  principles  of  govrrament  and  at 
religion,  b  the  uneipdvoenl  parent  of  tynomy  in  ihe  church  and  alMr.' 
Ktrluniiug  boTDe  with  a  generous  aUiorniiee  from  tbe  awfol  pletim  at 
clpeHtllenU  like  iheae,  upon  a  foreign  shore,  oar  national  aplrlt  frt4s 
pri<le  of  hcnrt  hi  the  picenc  before  n*.  Tbe  ilignity  uf  indrpeiMlrnrr 
rreeives  evefy  one  of  m  Into  its  open  arms,  animated  by  a  Mieial  nnioR 
of  all  ilie  links  in  our  po)i1ic«l  chain  IVoin  lire  palace  lo  Ihc  cMtagr: 
each  of  ihem  sa^rrd  and  rrvercd  in  its  turn,  but  not  one  of  tkcni  in* 
irti'ti-d  will)  a  iiowrr  to  hijorc  tlie  rest.  You,  gentlemen  of  ihii  rouniy 
in  iwrticnlar,  If  you  are  asked,  *  «lmt  yon  have  done  aa  contrilmloe*  In 
lln.-  bank  and  sloek  of  yo<tr  c<iuntry'a  welfare?'  can  lelt  ui>,  vilhoul  oni- 
feather  of  arrogaiKe.  Uiat  yon  hart-  promoted  with  awrew.  tranquHHly, 


I 

I 

I 


FUM-I 


GIDKOC  llARDtMOe. 


and  jiHiici?,  (III!  utuat  valuuUu  blrwiii);*  ol'  tiQiUu  lirc;-li.)l  your 
judgMi  wlio  vIkIi  you  al  i>Uii«4l  psriwb,  find  (li«ir  vttw  Biiiict|UU'J  ur 
•UMiriBcd  by  your  p«tilic  *l)irit  n  nagutnto,  and  by  your  eaiHii|ile  u 
nen." 

A  &I)  from  bt*  lione  ImUmmmI  hii  d«*lb,  nlitcJi  look  pUoe  iii  April. 
ittt&  Ho  died  at  l*rr*lt<ipH).  "kftviitg  l«rluDd  Min,"  mj«  iImi  wrJier 
uf  Ibe  biugnphi<s«l  Dolicv  BpfMuwIcd  to  U'w  •  Mi>ccll*iM<oiM  «vrk%*' 
"  Ibe  eliKTMtcr  of  puM«Mi«^,  nther  iImd  profiting  by.  great  talf«iU, 
From  lii«  btbrr  he  riijtiycd  «  very  good  bnrmlitsry  nxair;  uid  wiili  liv* 
wifr.  who  still  turrivM  him,  be  obbUBcd  «  Tory  liuidtiHiw  doAor. 
Either  or  Irath  oF  then;  drcuaintaiicn,  unilctl  villi  m  itnxig  Inv*  lor 
uidrpcmkncff,  migbt  Iutc  rcndcrvil  litmi  la*  ihikmhm  li>r  wIvAitcrsi^iil. 
hit  Hardiiigo  MMiu  tu  Itavc  bnd  Mn«  ferebodioga  of  iIn-  mcJancliiily 
CVL-Dt  wbich  toi>k  him  froBi  bia  fricailt  4wl  ibr  norkl.  In  on*  of  bin 
latMt  letter*  lo  ImIv  Knovlt*,  he  »ay,  '  I  ilmfiair  uf  takinic  Irar*  of 
Davie*  until  Ibe  undertaker  ii  «4iliu);  fur  am.'  Hn  baii  ptutHOttd  lo 
visit  at  KingtUad  Ote  titriae  of  Dr  DavIw.  Ilia  remains  paoied  through 
Kingalaad  lo  be  iot^ired  villi  iIimc  of  hit  foniily  at  Ivingrtou-upoii* 
Tliiunr*.  A  aiclaiivboly  awooialioD  wilh  the  rtTolloctioa  of  ihe  iidifml- 
nl  fiiit  (u  lli«  tomb  cf  kia  last  (arotirMl  Imto  of  taste  aad  virtuv  U 
tanacil  in  rbc  mind;  •till  (mJoAiI  monl  f««ling*  of  regret  arit«,  wlikh 
Iracb  us  nioir  fiirc-itily  to  rvmrnthrr  ihnt  min  propoto*,  but  (Soil  >tii>- 
pa*c«.  Mr  ilardiage  wita  rather  alxirt  of  »la(uri!,  but  rpiy  liaadwinf, 
Willi  B  cnuDtenaoee  ex|WOMiva  of  tikc  good  qunlitiM  he  poaaeaKil-  Hid 
tcmprr  vm  admirable,  and  bb  peraonmicc  iii  the  oiimv  of  iIhim'  l>e 
protected  mont  ratraordouir}  aiid  cxptnplaiy.  U'licii  ire  coiuiikT  tliat 
taw  lire  to  llie  advnnceil  a^f  Mr  llar[liDi;<*  ■(laioi'd  wititoul  anslaiiiiiiit 
a  loM  in  auinc  roalcrisl  ficully,  w<-  ■liiill  niuri!  Iiiithly  prixp  ilx;  niro  |;itia 
be  cnjuyed,  both  UMrntally  ooii  bodily  ;  luri  occpliiig  iJit.-  writiJJva  aiid 
grvy  hairs,  which  bouy  liiuv  by  ibt  iniii  ttra*|>  will  Icdtvr  on  ihi!  alroai;- 
cBl,  ha  bfi!  uMy  bi!  suhI  to  Im(0  brvn  luifilnl  ytiulli.  nnil  hia  ik«(li  a 
^ho(l  (iilvmijitHxi  uud  paaMlge  to  IImI  blinacil  »(iilr  of  fH-rfecliou  «h>ch 
biagowkwM  und  |iliikntbropyHi>gbtaA«r«liitcou«-nrll>.  Aaal'lirix- 
tisMt  Hr  HanlioK''.  in  all  circaiMtanei-a,  awl  iii  f*rry  pari  of  hi*  Itir, 
apjKats  10  hnvr  Ixm-'B  a  Meaily  b«?lii'vrr,  uni)  at  tiinca  plana  and  di'imit 
IN  Ihu  riln-Bir.  In  lli«  cliaractrr  of  a  J>"lgr  ho  traa  tm|inurbaUi' ; 
aiMl  Kb  vofMiti*  eliurgi'H  far  moiiy  ymra,  at  llir  dilTfrcKI  niuufa  in  Walm, 
ani  aitniirablr.  In  llut  n.'spci-liililr  fuiic1ii>n.  otir  of  llii'  liitnt  ntU  o( 
Ilia  li(u  woa  Ihr  tiltiti}:  lo  llie  liolUiui  thr  );rvutiiit  upoo  which  alljuilgi-o 
bvfori-  bta  tinn'  hud  dinrgrd  jurim  in  cok-*  uf  rliiM-iiiur<I<-r.  Sfmiv  rv- 
wllnil  nr>tii  fur  a  rhvge  urrv  pri'pan-d  by  iImi  briti-vtiliiiit  JudiEC  i'l 
April,  IttIO,  not  miuiy  ibyi  iK-fcri-  Ins  iIixtiaM.';  but  W  did  nut  Uir  lu 
deliver  il>  Hr  Hanlii^'^  iilnM  nn  iliia  a«l(iMt  wore  fully  oonBnnioJ  by 
ill*  «M]ueatiuaiiUc  mncorn-iit  otiiitiuiB  uf  aeveral  |ireff«BlQital  genili>- 
UMiR  of  lintrati.'  niiiur  ii«i- ;  aiid  ll*iU  ihii  ini|N/Ttant  ■ul^avt  ImhI  Iwig 
Wfonr  rtoti'd  Uia  allenUuD,  «ill  apinur  fnifli  n  letter  nddrtaacd  la  IMMi 
lo  l)r  llonky.  IbM  iMliof  uf  St  Aanpli.  Mr  lliMitiii^-f  liad  UilUniit 
Ult-nla,  and  a  (Hmrr  of  ■howin):  Ihru  au  iu<  lo  allii>l  lu  ht*  i-utapaniotai 
and  iiirTi-i^ioitiiita  ihi-  itmtlcM  |;ralilH'3liui>.  'lli'-  laknl  of  vH-ti'ly  liti 
fu>ar»nl  tii  mi  raiiHriil  ih^mi  aiidlJw  ranL  wli'di  li^  halil  BiMMig  Ijii 


VII. 


>U«lM.aMik,a<«. 
2e 


<fiS 


TOttYKAL  BKMIES. 


tltaslr 


It 


wiu  or  lit<  dit^,  Dnd  (he  iltustrioiu  pcniuikgct  by  whom  lit  w»  ad- 
lulllud  into  IbmilUrity,  aufiicirnllir  ciincr  bow  murfa,  in  mnvrruliOD  at 
le^^  be  tniirl  hsTc  diipUynl  Ibc  gf-ntlFman  and  ibo  *clioUr.  !■  coo- 
verutinn  indcTd  he  bail  frw  oquaU ;  a*  be  bad  an  utonuhing  Sow  ttml 
cboKo  of  woixb,  Hid  nn  uiiiiMtnl  tlcUrciy  of  thrm,  web  ■>  frw  prr- 
MNia  poMMs.  He  ddiglitcil  in  ptcannlriea,  umI  BhrRy*  kSbrdtil  to  hit 
ftuditon  nn  abooilancc  of  mirlb  aiMl  ciiicrtaJtim«i)I,  a*  well  a*  infennft- 
(ion.  Hi*  poMioD  for  the  muse*  cominCDCMl  in  inbocy.  and  coniinutd 
to  th«  eloM  of  life.  Tbc  correapoixIeDCc  of  Mr  Hnrditij^  wna  mort 
rUwuivc  Hb  letter*  were  citnordinary  from  their  wit,  bncy,  and 
gnidy.  They  aeemed  to  be  Uie  pr«luetioa*  of  a  youib  or  twraiv,  n- 
tli«r  tJian  a  man  ujtwartb  of  *ixly  yi-ara  of  nnr-  Of  hi*  vartoa*  com- 
poutioni  his  letter*  were  pre -pmi  Dent-  KotwillutUMling  hulaleDbtand 
acquimucDl*.  he  had  a  rare  huoiihly  for  ai>  author,  twiii};  ready  at  all 
limes  to  adopt  the  •oggestloiu  of  but  friend*,  in  prefi.-rCDce  to  hi<  own 
cxpr«Mioiu.  Of  ihta  he  gave  a  ftriking  pn>of,  m  pcrmlitinf  oie  to 
expun([e  aoate  uopleanDt  reRectiom  ou  a  decea»rd  comincntktcr  on 
Sbakfpear^  for  wliom  I  bad  a  great  respect,  aad  wfaon  lie  bad  treated 
■oawwhat  too  cavalierly.  Od  the  MggMion  of  a  gentlHium  on  wboae 
jidgnent  he  bad  great  reliance,  be  de«4r«yed  one  of  hii  enrly  produce 
UOM,  on  vbich  be  had  bestowed  much  labonr.  Mr  Huilioi;u,  like  the 
generatUy  of  numfclnd,  ww  not  vkbout  bit  MUnci.  Men  of  geaiiw  am 
often  negUgent  tn  ooneetnk  tbey  deem  trirU.  Autioua  as  he  «a«  that 
bis  own  lilervy  prodoctionR  ahould  be  preaerved,  ha  inattention  to 
Ihetr  pKMTvMion  it  much  to  be  lamrated.  Tboie  who  were  in  habit* 
of  intimacy  with  him  mu*t  han>  nmrieioed  ibe  flnaneiicy  with  which 
be  requested  the  loan  of  boolu,  and  ■omedflOM  lb*  alfBcolly  of  roMr- 
ertagtbeB  (row  «hat  be  called  *thL-  cbao*  of  ht*  librnty.'  But  what- 
ever were  bit  merit*  or  hi*  dtfecis,  tbcy  wen;  grreily  oret^lanoett  by 
Ut  aeiiv«  benevolenoe.  By  ardent  ical  and  pa-nci^rance  he  obtained 
iinneiwe  nm*  by  *ulMcription  lor  aucb  per«oa>  a*  he  thought  worthy 
of  Iris  protection.  Thi<  activity  of  frieodihip,  abnoit  alwny*  sucessfbl, 
was  th«  principal  feature  in  hi*  eharaciee.  It  wai  wholly  dinaltrMled; 
tt  was  noble,  and  ought  to  be  beld  forth  to  gemral  vumpk.'* 

SBfnrp  Creitittt. 

>osa  *.  o.  I'tSy— oiia  «.  a.  1616. 

The  bonourtihle  Henry  Ertkioe,  tliird  *on  ol  Henry  David,  cart  of 
Buclian,  by  Agcrs,  diuglitrr  of  Sir  James  Stewart  uf  (.'oIUi«m^  was 
bom  in  Ivditiburgli  on  tbt*  Ut  of  November,  ITM.  His  palrimooy  h^ 
inic  small,  he  early  elected  tbc  pin>rn(*on  of  the  law,  and  waa  adntttrd 
a  member  of  llie  l»culty  or  adtocatea  ■{  the  age  of  i3.  The  e)o<|tl«n(« 
of  the  Scolliah  bar  wan  by  no  mean*  proverbial  at  lliii  period  i  and  the 
niillng  fcfn*  of  court  »eeincd  ingrnioa*ly  contrived  to  nprtm  any 
tiling  lik*  etoqaenee  on  (he  part  of  the  pleader*.  Our  young  odviMsir, 
however,  brok^  through  many  of  tbe  tnnmrt*  that  had  liiibcrto  \ietn 
inpMnI  by  univertal  hatiit,  at  leaM  on  kia  bratbren  at  the  bar,  and  in- 
inMluced  a  (lyle  of  pleMlinjt.  animated  and  gracrfiil  beyond  any  (king 
that  bad  yet  been  witnetssd  in  tlie  court  of  Mwioa.     Il  took  well  buth 


Pun*.)  nSKRY  lUKIMB.  S59 

«iUi  tiM  court  ami  cUmla,  and  bn  rapidly  nMc  iirio  die  leadtog  prac- 
tice at  the  bar. 

Tbc  Eniiincs  <ri|)ou>«l  whig  politits  ici  very  eul/  lifet  wd  on  tho 
aecMMon  of  tii«  KucLinglian  sdnlDbtralJoii,  Henry  Erakino  wo*  ap- 
poJnted  lord-wlvoeaU  of  ScotlaiuU — a  dignity  which  of  nourw  provri] 
ua  cpheBcrol  aa  the  ministry  wliicti  confmcd  it.  On  iIm;  return  uf  i-'ot 
lo  power  in  I60G,  Henry  EnkiH  once  nM>rc  lirt-amc  lord-ail  vocal  r, 
wfailahi*  broll>er, 'niomaa,n«naininBU-<llortI-chiuic<^Uor.  He  enjoyed 
hi*  hofioura  a  liUJe  loogcr  ihia  time,  hot  ynt  again  atripped  of  tlicin 
wben  I'ttt  rcvumcd  lh«  aaceodaut. 

In  1812  Mr  Crakino  wilbdraw  rratn  the  bar,  finding  bin  braltli  giv- 
ing vay-  He  died  on  tfco  8lh  of  October,  1817.  "  Ihc  dianictcr  oT 
Kir  Erskine's  eloquence."  taya  one  wfao  knew  litm  long  and  iiitimatrly, 
"bore  A  strong  rcaemblaDCe  to  ibetof  hi*  noble  brother,  I.onl  Emkiafs 
but  being  bidcIi  \am  difFi<ti*C<  it  waa  hrttrr  ciUcalaled  to  Icarc  a  foni- 
ble  itnprcMJon :  br  hiul  tbc  art  of  ctmrettirating  bU  id<'a>,  and  pmciit- 
ing  tbem  at  once  ia  m>  luiuitiout  sad  irrtsiatibli!  a  form,  aa  lo  n-adcr  bii 
bwcfs  uaaien  of  Uic  view  he  look  of  hia  wibject:  which,  lioneirer 
dry  or  eonplM  in  iU  nature,  never  failed  lo  bcMiinc  oniertatniDg  and 
•oMnMlive  in  kia  baud*;  for,  lu  profnaioaal  kuowk-df-e  of  the  lirj^lifot 
ordcfi  b«  uniwd  a  noM  catcnfivv  aopwifrtMM*  nith  hiitury,  liuraluiv, 
and  MiMMet  and  a  UionMgh  convcTMney  with  human  bfo  umI  numi 
and  pclidotl  phtloaophy.  lite  writer  of  ihia  article  hat  witneMed,  wllli 
{■Umur  Kod  aatoniibnMil,  ibe  niddy  di Amt  cawtiont  eiciled  by  the 
anukig  powvra  oT  hia  ot«lory ;  fervid  and  iflbctitig  in  the  eitrvmeat 
degree  wboB  tba  occwion  CAlfed  for  it ;  and  no  lew  powerfti),  in  oppo* 
u(e  ciminniaiieeK,  by  tlw  potency  of  vit  and  ibo  brillinntiy  of  Mmie 
Iwmour,  whicli  oooataotly  rxciteil  Uioat*  of  laughter  throughout  ll>e 
precincts  of  llic  ntnit, — Ibc  mirthful  glee  even  rittcndiug  tltclf  la  Iha 
cnniiird  tojiv*,  who  found  lou  much  amuscfucnt  in  the  mum  to  cheek 
tbc  fotcijiatliig  actor  of  it.  He  oMistcd  tbc  great  power*  of  hia  nndcr- 
•landing  by  an  indcfat^able  iiidoatry,  not  conimoiily  aiiiieied  lo  n- 
Iroonlinary  genius :  and  lie  kept  hi*  imnd  ojiea  for  tbc  adiniaoion  of 
hbowled),-!-.  by  thi>  ntuai  umUfvclcil  inoilMly  uf  deportment.  The  liar- 
tnony  o(  iiis  period^  oad  ihc  accuracy  of  bit  caMenkwi^  ia  hia  moat 
«iii|>reRiedliai(xl  tpceobeai  were  not  amoog  tha  ieaat  of  hl>  onlorlaal 
occoBi  pliabiBtnia. 

"  In  ibe  moat  rapid  of  hi*  fligbts  wlten  bit  tongue  coaki  aearcc  ItMp 
pact  will)  hi*  ibouglit*t  be  never  failed  to  seize  the  cliuicest  words  in  ilic 
tftaiiiry  of  our  langaofa.  Tbe  apt,  bcoubful.  and  vonod  iinogca  which 
vonntantly  decorated  hit  judicial  addrcaMf^  aagmoted  ibenHdna  iailBtt- 
bncoutly,  and  B]>|)caml,  like  the  eoldien  of  Cadama,  ja  flonplele  ar- 
mour and  array  to  aupport  the  cauw  of  rbeir  ertator.  the  moal  rcmark- 
abla  Icaiure  of  wboaa  tioqucoce  wo*,  that  it  itcvcr  made  him  nrerra  by 
«aa  hair- bf villi ih  from  lite  minuter  dMailc  ODOtl  Infilling  hia  purpoaej 
for>  with  nuicilcM  akill.  ho  rcndrtnl  ibe  utoat  itnuling  oratory  raboar- 
viciii  lo  Ihe  uara  of  conauinmaie  'iierijd  pleading,  to  ihat  hia  pradence 
and  Mt^ocity  a*  ao  odrooale  were  o>  dvdnre  as  bia  speectica  were 
fpleadid. 

"Mr  Erakine**  aliainronnta,  ai  wc  liavc  before  ob««md,  were  not 
ruhfini-d  lo  a  UHre  nopuiiiuiicr  with  bi«  profcoalonal  dalioai  be  waa  an 
drfutt  ctoMieol  tcholur,  nn<l  on  able  nmlbcmiillciaa ;  end  be  alto  poa- 


MO 


POllTtCAL  tSRIKIk 


MMcd  mmy  minor  Mcamfiliabm^iU  in  grrat  pcrlT«tian-  HI*  know- 
ledge of  muaw  w**  coRvctt  umI  hi*  rxccution  on  ibc  violonccUo  taoft 
pICBlilig.  la  all  ibe  rarions  rrlntions  of  |irivaie  livr,  Mr  ErskiDc's 
tboncter  wb*  tmlj-  cstimaUe,  and  tbe  juit  apprrc^ialion  of  lii*  virtocs 
cilpnded  Idt  bf^mid  lbl^  airdc  of  his  owd  fiuiiily  and  friends ;  nod  it  i> 
I  wcll-ctitfamiicatcd  fact,  tliat  a  wriltr,  or  as  wc  tlioalil  tay,  atlonMjr, 
in  ■  dbtant  port  of  ScMlud,  rvprMcntiof;  to  an  opfirrurd  and  nociljr 
lackmna,  who  bad  applied  lo  biin  liir  adricfi  (be  fuliliijr  of  enleiinK 
into  a  bwsoit  wiih  a  a-ralrbr  ncigfabuuri  baviuK  iiicoMlf  no  mteat  ^ 
ttfteading  hii  nauM-,  r«cvt*rd  for  sUHWer,  '  Ye  iliuna  lum  wlal  ye  mj, 
MnitlRr.  tbrrc'*  nno  a  poir  oao  in  Svutland  iim^  to  want  a  MiaA  or 
li-ar  an  rsroiy  wliilc  Harry  EnktM  liie*  V  How  luadi  bonovr  doM 
that  ^mjilr  *cntcnce  conrcjr  to  Ibe  ^Mi»roi»  aiMl  benerotcDt  object  of 
it  t  He  liftil,  indeed,  a  claim  lo  lli«  aff«ciioD  and  raped  of  all  who 
worn  within  ibc  knonlcd)^  of  hi»  exirjonliuary  Ulmb.  and  more  un- 
maiiiMMi  virtues. 

*'  With  a  mind  thu  was  aaperiof  to  fcur,  and  incapable  ofootniptioa, 
rrgubtteit  liy  onilrviatiiig  principli^  of  inlc^'rily  uiid  unifurniily,— devat* 
ed  ill  advrrtily  !ti  in  ptmyejitr,  neither  nubduc it  by  plciuurc  intoeSes^- 
naej,  nor  mink  into  dcj^Hitiun  by  disircw.  In  no  lituatiuo  of  bb  life 
wa*  be  aibnmrd  or  afraid  of  ditchar];i"g  his  duly,  but  cooalani  lo  the 
(lod  whoai  liE  nonhippMl,  bir  trrinced  lii*  eoafidcncv  bi  ihc  &ith  ba 
proAMaed  by  hit  aciitxi* :  to  hi*  frirnd*  be  nu  fthbfvl,  to  Ui  tannk* 
l^tToaa,  aver  rvody  to  (aerificai  liii  little-  private  intcresto  and  pleataK* 
lo  what  he  cofMoiml  to  be  the  public  ucliCaru.  ur  lo  Ibe  doaiestk!  Mi- 
eily  at  tboae  aroanil  him.  In  Uie  word*  of  an  etuc|ncnt  writer  lie  «» 
*  «  nm  IQ  ehoow  tar  n  uptfior,  te  inm  n  a  fri«i<l,  and  lo  low  at  a 
btMbvr:'  thv  nnlvBcy  of  hia  •fibrts  to  promote  ibe  liappiorw  of  hit 
fctlow-crraiom,  was  n  prooiiBCtil  feaiurp  in  ht«  ebarvipkr:  hn  rvfy 
Ihult*  lud  their  origin  is  iba  excMii*fi  eoofldetiee  of  loo  liberal  ■  •piril, 
(he  iwoirciimfcribcd  benefleenee  of  too  warni  a  bean.  It  boa  been 
rtmiffcai)  of  a  clleiingulili^  a«lor>  thai  l>e  was  l«oi  to  be  mvicd  wbibi 
ncflUtng  llie  nind  of  uiiiiertol  applause,  (bsn  at  the  bead  of  bit  own 
table!  (be  olwtTvalion  mayjaUly  be  applied  to  Mr  Ervkiiir.  In  no 
•fihnri)  wa«  the  hiairc  of  lii«  tab-tits  nioio  coBsptouoMi  wblle  the  unaf 
fected  graco  and  siurliy  of  bU  mnnnm,  ilic  bcBtmlenl  smile  lliat  il> 
lumiiied  bte  IvtelligVBt  eoBDlMiaDcc  In  the  cx«rciiw  of  the  ha(|Ktaliliffa 
of  lb*  McM  boBrdr  raBdeml  imlecd  a  meeting  al  b>*  Imum  '  a  feacl  of 
rMMci,  sod  a  flow  of  MuL'  In  ppfxon  Mr  Etvkino  wo*  aboro  ibe  mid* 
dW  aixe,  ni-ll-ptoportiouetl,  but  slruilrr ;  hit  fc«tum  wan  alt  cbaradrr 
•ikI  BioM  atrikioglj  esprcasive  of  ibn  rare  <|ualities  of  bit  nilnd.  In 
variy  life  Ut  carriage  was  remrkaUy  grnorlul.^-dignlfird  and  iinprc*- 
«!*•  u  oeeaainn  required  it;  in  maniitr  lie  was  graiLr,  playfnl,  and 
wiaitwing;  and  so  pemiaiive  was  hi*  aOiIress,  ihnt  bi'  ncirfT  Med  lo 
MtUmct  aiientioo,  and  by  ibe  spell  of  irmiatiblo  (wctnaltoo  to  At  aad 
anohaiii  it  Hb  voice  wm  powerful  and  Bclodioas,  bi*  sBaadatioa 
uBCOOMMonly  an-umic  uikI  distinct,  aiMl  iben  «a«  a  pccniiar  fcnet  In 
Ida  ttlltraoce  whidi  onhsnoMl  the  value  of  all  be  said,  and  cnftimKd  the 
ffmeniUnuioe  of  it  iiidilibly  on  ibe  BiiMk  of  his  hearer*.  For  naajr 
yoora  of  bit  tUt,  Mr  Crskinp  had  been  the  vidint  of  111  bcalib,  bat  ibo 
BBIive  »«rein(«*  tif  his  trni]ier  reinaiued  uuclovdi-d,  and  durtn||  tho 
|>Dilirully  firutracltd  •ulfi'tinits  (if  bu  l»L  itlurss,  Ilic  laii^iia|;i!  of  trim- 


rMMti'i  nuvcis  uoRHir.  SOI 

pUiiil  WW  nrvftT  iicanl  M  cMwpe  liit  U|m,  nor  llir  *liiul«n  of  i]iicoiiU-l>t 
Drcii  Id  f'louil  hi*  rounlriunrir !  '  Nothing  in  bit  UFc  liecoDH)  biiu,  ItLa 
thr  I(-Ji>'iii|(  iu'  He  looicil  [lalioitly  tvrmiaA  to  th*  tprmimtioa  of  hi* 
(lii'mful  cxidrncr,  aixl  r««fivnl  with  mild  coiuploccncy  Ibc  inXciligCtloa 
of  liis  (Uagi^r,  nliilc  the  to**.-  au<I  biip]iiiM»*  »f  Uhkh^  wkuw  frlirily 
lliruu};li  life  bad  bevn  lii*  priiuurv  coaudcnlioii,  vrciv  never  obM-iit 
ftvn  kia  tboagbb.  Il  i>  miiI  tli*t  SwiR,  after  liaviii|;  nnllrn  ibat  cilc- 
bnlcd  Miire  uii  mouLiud,  Gulliror'*  Tnivrl*,  rxcluiinL-O  ubilst  niciliuit- 
iug  on  ihe  ran-  virliiraof  tiio  friend  ArlHitlinott — '  Oh!  were  iben.'  Urn 
Arbuduiuu  ill  (be  nvrld,  I  «oiild  burn  my  book,'  It  b  dUBcuU  tu 
contcnijilad!  locli  a  characirr  ai  lilr  Enkinc's  fiilxnit  a  •itnilar  M-nti* 
inciil,  irillKNil  fM-linKi  tlikt  wrv  there  miuiy  Knkimv,  one  ihould  Imra 
to  Ibiitk  bctlcr  uf  inaiikioi).  Tbe  gvnrral  voice  placrd  biin,  while  lir> 
uigi  bigli  oiiMKi);  tliv  dluitrioo*  cbaractm  of  thr  prcscut  age :  may  the 
tiuDiUe  fitenorial  ihc  anlbor  i»  Rivini;  to  tltc  puldic  protrvc  bin  iiaine 
«nfaU-nnubMl  by  iuisr«j>n-wDtalii>ii,  till  Muue  more  uiual  peti  »ImU  luixl 
tl  down  to  poxlcrity,  a*  »  bri)(ht  cxainfilu  of  nlist  great  luefuliiMa  cx- 
iraonlinnry  tKltnia  may  pfoto  to  todety,  «h«D  under  the  dindioii  uf 
MMiad  jndgven^  iaearnipliblc  integrity,  and  eoUi^gcd  pbilaotlirojiy  " 


jFranciB  Isomer. 

•ORK  *.  D.   1778. DIM  A.  ».  lan. 

Tins  upnulii  and  iniellicetil  ttaUswan  was  the  ion  of  a  mppctAblo 
UII  rcliaiii  ill  Kdiiitiur([li.  Hi-  n-criviMj  hi*  nlunlion  at  Ihr  liiKb  hJioqI 
and  nnircrthy  of  tbu  rily,  and  cboi*  tbe  proreauoti  of  ili«  Uw,  iu  wliicb 
he  Kave  early  prontiM  of  Ttilure  oniiMDR^ 

When  Lord  Henry  Peiiy.  tha  tccond  foo  of  iJic  flnt  niiin|iacM  of 
IdUitdow  nc.  wa*  appMOtcd  vbimeellor  of  tbe  vacb«qwr,  lie  pracared  tbo 
ftlarn  vf  Mr  Homer  Rjr  Ihe  Iwroogh  of  St  lvr»,  in  1806,  witliing  Iu 
Mmi|;tben  hia  party  by  the  pmH-occ  and  Ulrnla  of  ohf  wliom  he  hud 
)u<ii;  known,  and  of  wbiiac  abilily  hv  liad  ^med  a  vety  high  opiuiou. 

Ffoin  tlib  period  Mr  Homer  ruidcd  in  London,  oiidi  tbougli  li« 
ijiuli&i'd  himwir  far,  and  «■*  called  to  tbo  Engllili  bar,  opprun  to  liavv 
ilcvotcd  hit  wbobi  attrntion  to  politics.  Tlie  dinDiaul  of  ihe  I'uiu- 
Grcorill«  adwiBbltation  dcpriird  hiin  of  liu  *mi  Tor  St  In-s  Uul  li« 
waa  ImmedilMly  r«luni«d  Tor  Wcndortr  by  tbe  courleay  of  Lord  Alu- 
Imn,  who  vaoated  liis  *<^t  lo  nttke  room  for  biiu. 

On  tJi47  lat  of  ]*('l>niitTy,  1810,  Mr  HorMtr,  iKinuant  to  a  noUnr  Im 
lud  given,  mOTvd  in  hid  place  Tor  aa  iuijiiiry  into  ibv  atala  uf  tliu  coin 
and  eaiclMmgBfc  Tlii*  wiu  tli«  coiuni«nernicnt  ol'  a  brilliant  cont-r  iu 
Ihta  defltnamtt  of  liiiaii«e,  to  nhicli  Mr  Hurler  bad  toog  given  pecu- 
liar BtlPDtiott.  He  Billed  li>r  >«fiie  liine  aa  choinnnn  uf  ibc  ImUmm 
comniiltc*-,  kihI  linw  up  tbe  jlr^l  («rt  of  Ihi-ir  icpoit.'  Tlia  conuntt- 
Ut  rccaaumndtd  lli«  repral  of  llic  Uv  awpendiog  tbo  cMb-paymunt* 
(if  tbc  bank  t  IcMving  Uia  di'laila  o(  iJia  nwacurta  ntcmary  for  rrluni- 
inp  III  i-a'-i-paynKols  lo  tbr  bank  it*i>IC 

On  Ibc  iOtli  of  May,  IHII,  ,Mr  HonMr.  in  a  lone  '"*'  c]w|iH-iit 

■  tW  wmail  «at  r*|M«d  I9  Hi  llaihuw.  iml  ihr  iliu4  I7  iU  (Imv]  tlMtaMa. 


»« 


POUTICAL  fteniK. 


IS 


•pcecli  of  bcluvpo  (liTC«  khi)  (bar  ki»in>'  dumton,  nupjiorli-d  all  |]>m« 
potflions,  an<l  roittrnik'il  i^iranftly  for  Ilic  jiuticii  of  Ibr  rirsutu.  On 
this  occMJon,  lir  wiih  grrat  ability  dcfcmlcil  botli  htmwiruKl  llic  otber 
lurmbm  of  ibr  commiUrr,  and  concluded  with  niaring  aulevn  dbtinct 
IX'toinlion*.  thi^  lubjcct  of  which  oiuounlcd  (o  ihf.  fblluwin);: — 1.  Tliat 
the  prontiEtory  notes  ol'  tliv  bank  of  Eiiglanil  arr  ctiptilatioiu  to  pay, 
on  dcmiuid,  the  sum  in  poundti  •ttTliaK>  rMpcctively  specified  to  eacli  of 
tfaCM  notci. — ij.  Tlut  itlieii  Ibu  fxirliuiiivitt  tuspcuded  the  culi>pay- 
nvnt*  of  th»L-  iiotLit,  it  itta  nut  iu  irjti^tilioii  that  aiiy  allentioo  vhat- 
CTcr  should  take  pla4.'e  ia  the  vnluf  of  llirsc  proiuiuoiy  iiotoi. — 3.  It 
appcon  that  tlie  ncliaal  value  of  tht  proinisaorj'  nuim  of  (he  baak  uf 
Englaadt  (roeoturing  tveh  value  by  iIju  sLandanl  wei];Ut  of  gold  ant) 
»ilvi-r  aforesaid,)  has  bc«n  for  a  cousidcriibie  period  of  time,  and  Kill  it 
consiUvnbly  l«w  than  what  ia  established  by  ihe  lav*  of  the  realm,  to 
be  tii«  logul  lender  in  payment  of  any  moiit'y ■contract  or  Uipulation.— 
4-  That  liie  fall  whtch  haa  taken  placo  iu  the  value  of  llie  promiMory 
notes.  &C.I  has  been  occasioned  by  the  too  great  issue  of  paper  cur- 
reuey>— A.  That  lo  the  deprecutlton  wlikb  bas  taleii  place  in  the  rola- 
livc  value  of  the  curreDey  of  this  and  foreign  countries  nay  be  aitri- 
bulcd  the  depressioo  of  the  exchange. — G.  I'hat  the  only  certain  and 
ade(|uate  security  to  be  provided  gainst  an  cxccm  of  paper  rurreiicyt 
and  for  maintaining  the  relative  value  of  the  circulating  inediuiii  of  the 
realm,  is  the  legal  convertibility,  upon  di'iuand,  of  all  paper  currvoi^, 
into  lawful  coin  of  the  realm:  and,  7.  That  in  order  to  revert  gmduolly 
lo  this  security,  and  to  enforce  a  due  liniilalion  of  the  papir  nf  the 
bank  of  KngUnit,  nn  veil  an  the  other  bank-paper  of  the  cotintri',  it  I* 
npedicnt  to  ullcr  the  lime,  during  nliich  the  sufpotmoo  of  cuh-pay- 
HUMS  shall  eoutinue,  from  six  luonihs  alter  the  rallHeaiioa  of  a  deAnl- 
tive  treaty  of  peace,  to  tbat  of  two  years  fruni  the  prMent  time. 

Mr  flomrr's  proportilions  vere  negalivrd  ut  the  InataiM,  but  alVer- 
ward*  acted  upon  iu  apiril  and  aab«tauce  buth  by  govemaicot  and  the 
bank. 

For  scTeral  ytttn  Mr  Moroer  pursued  Lis  parliamenUry  avoeatioaa 
with  grtat  iadititry,  and  few  pablio  men,  perhii|is,  ever  comnun-ted  ao 
inndi  general  esteem  in  the  bouse;  but  bis  healtli— which  had  uctit 
been  robuit — at  lost  gave  way  before  his  uunraried  applioation  anil  b- 
tigning  duticf.  Iln  cmnplkit  with  tlie  adviee  of  his  medical  mm  la 
refresh  and  rccrrole  bimtelf  by  a  lour  in  soullieni  Europe,  bot  expiml 
fouii  after  his  arrival  nl  l*i*a,  on  iIm;  8th  of  Febrniiry,  1817. 

On  moving  for  a  new  writ  for  the  boroiigh  of  St  Mawca,  I^rd  Mor- 
p<;lh  Hitl,  in  rvlbreiiee  lo  the  htc  laoMBied  ntritiber: — "  I  luny  |<irIiaiM 
be  petinitled,  wilboul  peneirailng  too  br  Into  the  OMre  bt'i|u< xerrd 
palbs  of  private  life,  to  ntluile  to  ikoae  mild  virtue*,  IImh)  doroeslle  cliK< 
ritiof,  nhich  enil)elli>lieil  while  they  dignified  his  privali-  cliarwclM'-  I 
may  bo  |iertnili«d  to  ob»ervc.  Dial  a«  a  son  and  as  a  brotbrr,  Ik-  was 
tniBmlly  <luiiful  and  aSVelionale ;  but  I  am  awat*  ikai  Ihvse  i|BaUliM. 
bowavvr  amiable,  eon  hardly,  with  ttricl  propriety,  be  MMrcaml  tw  iIm 
L-pMideraUoa  of  iiarliaineut.  ^Vbia.  however,  iliey  arc  bl«iMM^  biUr> 
•mvea,  and  incor|Kinled  in  Ide  diameter  of  a  public  OMUii  ihej  bMOBM 
■  Mcelrsof  public  prD|)erty.  and  by  their  inllucnce  and  ctample,  laaaw- 
UaUy  angMMrt  tlx!  pdieral  ilock  of  public  virtur.  I'ur  his  quoliAea- 
tioH  ■■  B  iniUlc  nan  1  can  coulldenlly  appeal  lo  a  aider  circle,— lo 


I>»M>».] 


IRAXCIS  HDRXBII. 


SOS 


lint  IcarvHl  pro&mioD  of  wliicli  li<.>  mw  u  t)uliii£uitJi«d  ornament. — Iw 
IbU  bowM,  irh«ra  lii*  txcrtion*  will  be  luug  retacuibercd  willi  mingled 
fediiiK^  of  regret  Bud  adioiralion.  It  i>  oot  oecvsnry  fur  nc  lo  enter 
into  Uie  ilftail  of  hi*  gnn>r  itudie*  aiid  occupatioos.  I  may  be  allowwl 
to  Miy  gcncTolly,  Uuit  be  ralAcd  1ti«  edtlicc  of  liU  fair  fARie  upon  a  good 
and  tolid  foui>dJitiofi, — upon  Ike  Grin  basis  of  consctenliotis  prmcipk, 
Ho  uM  Britent  in  ili«  pumit  of  tnilli, — b«  was  iiill«xible  iu  liis  adlitr- 
pDCe  lo  llie  greni  principles  of  juBlice  and  of  rtglil.  Wlieopvcr  he  de- 
livered in  th'u  hou4e  lli«  ideas  of  tii*  clear  and  iiili'lligenl  mind,  he  fni- 
plojred  iliat  clia«te,  timptei  but  at  ilie  same  tini«  nenous  and  imprewiv* 
Hylc  of  onUory,  nlilcli  »vi-inei]  admirably  adapted  to  the  elucidttloa 
aod  diiciLwion  of  iui|.<ort«iit  biuineis ;  it  uHmcd  lo  couibiue  llio  force 
aad  preciHOU  of  it-gul  argunivnl  vitli  ibc  acii|iitreiiieiiu  and  koowtedga 
of  s  tutaunaa.  Of  hi*  poJilkwl  upiiiiun*  it  is  not  ■tccmiy  for  niu  lo 
enter  into  any  detailed  statemeal ;  ibey  am  uifHcicBlly  Looiin.  and  do 
not  require  from  mo  any  comnicnt  or  illutlnilion.  1  am  ccnUilcnt  llial 
his  political  opponents  will  ailniit,  tliat  he  never  courltsl  pofiotariiy  by 
tiny  unbocoming  or  unworthy  meant :  thi'y  will  have  the  candour  la 
allow,  UiBt  the  expTTMion  of  hU  political  opinion*.  Ixrvever  firm,  man- 
ly, and  decided,  «m  iinlinduml  with  mornM-neni.  and  uocutbillcrrd 
witf)  any  penonal  anInKicily  or  rancorous  rvlleciioii.  From  these  fet^U 
ings  he  KM  rfieciaally  exempted  by  liin  otiemtiiH)  of  thuoc  qualities 
vbicb  fonuoil  ibe  gnccs  aiMl  the  cbaim*  o(  ha  private  life.  But  nic- 
cevsTtil  as  bU  cxertioM  werr,  botb  in  thix  housr  and  iu  the  courts  of 
law,  cODsnleriLg  Iho  coDtnoed  tftn  of  his  life,  1I117  can  only  be  looked 
upon  M  Ibe  ku-bingen  of  hit  matorer  bmc,  as  tlw  presage*  and  ih<t 
anIicipBlioiis  ofa  more  exalted  reputation.  But  hi*  career  was  prema- 
turely doecd.  That  bis  Iom  to  his  Guuily  and  hi*  fricuib  ii  ira'parablc> 
can  be  readily  conceivnl ;  but  I  oiay  aild,  that  to  tbt*  house  and  tho 
country  it  is  a  la«  of  no  ordinary  roBj^nitude;  in  these  time*  it  will  be 
severdj  feU.  In  the**  time*,  Iwwevtr,  when  the  structure  of  tbi-  con* 
slilatkKi  i*  nadcrgotng  cfo*e  aod  rigorous  invettlgiuioii — on  the  port  of 
tome  with  a  view  uf  rt|>oiin;;  il«  detrcts,  on  ibe  port  of  oiLer«  with  ibat 
of  duplaying  it*  beauties  and  pericctions— we  may  deriTC  some  consols* 
tjoa  tnm  ibe  reflectioii,  tbal  a  man  not  ponwwed  of  Ibc  adTantagea  of 
faendituy  mak  or  of  very  anipk  fortune,  irai  enabled,  by  the  turtiou 
of  bk  own  boDOumUc  industry,  by  the  succcMful  enldvaiiou  vf  his 
Daltre  talents,  to  vindicate  to  hinuelfa  station  and  eminence  in  sociuty, 
which  the  proudest  and  weallliiest  might  envy  uiid  adniirv." 

Mr  Canning  warmly  seconded  fliis  eulogy  : — "  I,  Sir,"  aaiti  be,  "  had 
not  the  happincM— a  happincM  now  counlcrbulunccd  by  a  proportion- 
ale  csocM  of  sorrow  and  regret— to  he  aoiuainlttl  personally,  in  pri- 
me Ute,  wilb  the  distinguished  and  amiable  individual  whoeo  lo«  wo 
have  to  deplore.  I  knew  him  only  witliiu  tlie  wall*  of  Ibo  liooao  of 
oomHKWi*-  And  even  here,  from  the  circunutanee  of  my  abacnco  im- 
iag  the  last  lu»  seaiions,  I  hwl  not  tlie  kuchI  (orlune  to  witness  the  Uliir 
■nd  nor*'  nulund  eihibitiun  uf  tiu  lali-iits;  which,  as  I  am  informed, 
and  can  well  tietiere,  at  onoe  kept  tbe  promise  of  his  earlier  yvars,  and 
opened  Hill  mviU't  eipoctations  of  futuro  eaoelleoce.  But  I  bad  seen 
raongb  of  kim  lo  share  \tt  Ikoae  eipectattons,  and  to  be  acnsiUo  of  wbil 
Ibb  hwM  and  lb«  coontiy  hare  lost  by  hi*  being  to  prvmalurtly  takcti 
A«n  ^     Ha  had,  ti»(le«d,  qualiAcations  cmineutly  calcolalrd  lo  obtaiii 


SG4 


rotlTKAL  BEKiei. 


and  to  ilcMTTi;  tucets*,  IIU  Kmnil  priaoipb'S  liu  rlt1at){cJ  (icm,  lii* 
farioiM  iiBd  Bccurato  knowledge,  ihr  crcn  ti-Dur  uf  liis  utsnljr  and  troi- 
pcnle  eloqvmcc,  Uir  gcnuinoiKas  of  bb  tt^rmlii,  u'bcn  iolo  warnUi  ho 
mt*  beirayoi,  aitd,  abovf  all,  the  itngulu'  modcrty  with  wliick  he  boro 
bit  factillioi  >■")  which  nbrd  a  gnca  and  huUn  orrr  ibcm  all ;  thete 
qnaliAcaiion*.  aMvd  to  (he  known  blamdnmoM  bdiI  parity  of  bia  pri- 
vate cliara«lcr,  did  Dot  more  «Kl««r  him  to  hb  fri^mU,  than  ibr;  com* 
nianditd  Ute  ropect  of  tboM  to  whom  he  wn*  oppo*cd  in  adrcfw  psU- 
tie* :  ibey  inanred  to  every  cffiort  of  bu  abilitin  no  aitmti»«  and  fit* 
TOwring  audi^nci^.  and  tecured  Tor  ktui,  m  the  retolc  of  all,  a  wlid  tad 
Mnenvicd  rtpuialioD.'' 

An  varly  aiid  very  intimate  friend  dr«w  up  tli«  fuHouinff  skHeii  of 
Mr  HoTtirr  for  thi-  '  Auiiua)  Obiluary  :' — "  The  chanirlcriatia  of  Mr 
Iluritrr'*  mind,  if  I  apptrhfnd  tlinn  rif[hlly(  wen;  rU'arniva  of  prrcrp- 
linti,  ralmni-u  of  jiidgni<.-iil,  atiil  iiaticiwc  of  invciligutioN ;  ]WWlur>Ufr. 
na  llirir  con«o<|umM'*i  lirDUKWi  of  eondnct  and  indcpcodMBO  of  pcinei- 
pk.  Carrying  iIm-m-  (|iialit>r*  into  bia  public  life,  ha  «riacad  gnsirr 
■nodcntion  luid  Ibrbraraiic*:  thiui  nm  uftro  found  hi  ibo  hbttcw  aad 
comparatively  unoinhitioui  itrifnt  of  a  Iraa  extended  «ernc.  H«  tntecvd 
parliamctit  at  mtltrr  an  rarly  age,  ud  sooa  l>raiin>e  not  only  an  m»M 
and  ronftpicaoin  miui  of  buxiniwo,  but  dm*  loorr  mpevt  to  bia  pcraaaal 
charader,  and  wtu  rpgarded  l>y  both  mcIm  of  the  li«a»p  of  comtnaaa, 
villi  |;r«Bt(r  confidence  arid  iutereflt  iImd  any  yoang  member  bad  at- 
inielfd,  perliap«,  tlincn  the  early  days  of  Mr  I'ilt.  llii*  will  appea* 
higher  praiaei  when  it  t*  adiled,  »iih  truth,  tliat  no  nitn  ooaing  iaia 
tlial  hottie  andoT  the  patronage  of  a  ythig  trolilemon,  could  have  aeMd 
with  grcAter  titXTnliiy  lowartia  rxtcudi-il  itli-aii  of  popolar  ri^hl.  with 
nKKG  fiumen  aiid  Smneaa  to  the  p<:noiu  of  fab  opponrntik  <u-  with 
more  apparent  latitude  of  iiKlividml  judgnirnl,  o«t  M>nie  of  tito  dkwI 
trying  occoaiotiN  in  all  tlx-w  Kcrnes  that  liaT«  occurred  In  unr  rawnl 
parliamentary  history.  He  look  a  «iMM«krablv  part  hi  ll>«  linportanl 
flnoneial,  and  especially  polilico-tcoaomical,  deliberation*  irhitb  hamo 
MeapM  paUic  nllentliin  for  llic  la*t  >cven  yenm.  and  will  bo  lOng  rr- 
Hiciabetad.  a*  having  in  Rrrai  part,  if  not  whully,  conUnicled  the  lor- 
latn«d  report  of  tlir  Ilullivn  cvrnmiitcc ;  of  llie  (loetnne^  and  recoon- 
RicmlatioiiB  of  tliat  |>Tuducti«n,  men**  opinion*  dlA^red  at  llie  lime  of 
rU  appi-uraiiee,  ncconJinj;  a*  thry  wire  led.  bi-  a  knowledge  of  llic  aoi- 
enoe,  tbruugh  which  alone  it  could  Iw  ratiuuajly  appreciated  by  a  aeaa* 
of  ioiotcdiale  cxperiiency,  or  by  the  Itanini^  of  the  leaden  of  their  n^ 
Kpcctiro  partie*.  Itot,  cooaiderini;  the  eirvaaulancts  ander  wliiiA  it 
VM  prodnccil,  tlic  temper  of  the  limn,  and  ilie  enlent  af>d  «-n«ytiig  ■»• 
pcfd  of  thote  appeamiicea  and  eondilioiis  wbii-li  it  Itad  to  rccooella  iaio 
the  tliapc  of  general  ['riTieiiiles,  1  may  *i-ularE  to  aftirm.  that  H  abaaad* 
with  more  ocrarute  eiirlalton  of  itii|>ortanl  |icopn*iliuiis  and  fint  inMlM 
hi  the  telenev  of  j-^lilical  economy,  than  any  doeuineul  cvi-r  {midMead 
by  a  leglrialiTe  body.  Indeed,  tlwac  wlio  have  l>rrti  oecaatomnl  m 
iMtc  carefully  the  paribmenlary  debate*  linoc  IHII,  niiwt  iMva  per- 
relTcd  tliat  Mr  Homer  liwl  a  better  hoM  on  the  ]irinri|>lrfl  of  that  hn- 
pOTtant  ftck'Dce  ihun  any  oralor  of  hi*  day.  A*  a  |Hil>tic  apMilter,  Iw 
wo*  not  mnariiable  for  lltr  popnbr  grace*  and  atimrliikiH.  Ifrloqoenca 
etinai-ta  in  roiHii^  lbs  paaskmi  liy  strong  mi'iaplior.  in  anakming  lh« 
vympaihle*  by  Mudinl  allwloaa.  ur  in  armting  ailcullah  liy  (U 


4 


fWID*.] 


BIB  PIIIMP  FRAHCIS. 


SOS 


of  ■  nu«i<l  iH-'n  III  jwx-ulinr  nMocialion,  Mr  KoriHr  wu  not  doquenl. 
Hill  if  tJofiUfim;  he  ihi-  atl  or  pcniiuuling  by  krcurntc  rcAtonin^,  aiitl «. 
rtf(hl  adjuitmcflt  of  all  tlic  tiarU  ttt  n  (lii«<nin<-,  by  Ibc  punvr  uT  a  Uct 
nhicli  b  ratbcc  inlclUvluuliy  riglit,  llian  pmctically  flue;  Mr  H.  was 
cloqaent.  He  ipokc  with  ibe  Ueady  calniiuu  of  oue  vliu  uw  bU  way 
on  principle,  wbile  li«  ftlt  ■(  aimply  and  tmnmUBlely  through  lobrieiy 
of  judgmeRt  and  good  eonducl.  aud  never  teemed  to  be  more  excited 
by  hu  wtgectp  or  mora  carried  a«ay  to  the  vehemence  of  debate,  than 
to  nake  au«b  eicrtioD*  at  left  one  uniform  intpreatioa  on  ike  mioiU  of 
lib  litarrT%  that  be  opolu  firoiB  an  boncat  intarnal  conriction,  ami  from 
n  R«l  dctire  to  be  nacful.  In  private  life  he  waa  ditiin^niihcd  by  an 
imprrsMrn  graveafm,  which  woiild  hnvc  appMrwl  Irnvy,  bad  it  not 
been  obarrvcd  in  pcrianni^nl  conjunclioD  with  an  ra*y  utradincM  of 
convo^tioD,  and  a  ilniiilicity  of  roannm  very  far  from  any  thing  odd, 
aifiMtedt  or  iaele^nt.  Jlis  m'iuc  of  hoaour  was  h^h  and  decided.  Mi« 
taste  (br  literature,  like  lue  tatte  for  conduct,  wan  correct  A*  bia  acta 
of  frkodihip  or  of  duly  were  done  without  effort  or  finewe,  m>  did  he 
enjuy  with  quietaean  aod  reliab,  tboae  tender  and  deeply  felt  domettic 
nHV-rlioiiii  vhich  can  nrccteo  or  even  adorn  almost  any  condition  of  life. 
lie  wai  one  of  thai  po««fiii  band  oT  able  and  ditiinguiilird  men,  with 
whom  the  Edinburgh  RcTiav  originated,  ami  wn*  knon-n  oi  one  of  ili 
eoBtriUulors  fur  xcveral  of  the  rarlier  yean  of  its  progrm.  He  wu 
not  fitted  to  win  popularity,  but  bis  habiitial  luoderatiou,  hi»  unaffeeted 
rrtfiect  for  every  thing  n-»]ieclabk'  Ibat  was  opposed  to  hilBi  and  tbfl 
suece«sful  pains  which  be  took  to  infoim  hiDiwIf  well  on  the  grouixk 
ud  Mt&re  of  everj  bualneM  In  which  be  bore  a  port,  gained  hbn  an 
MliMiMe  more  nlnabla  to  i  bud  of  judgincnl.  Ibon  populanty.  In 
»bon.  reckoning  Ibrward  to  the  dittance  of  probabJy  a  vety  few  yeaiw, 
and  to  thai  change  in  bis  m^esty'a  oounciU,  wbich  it  wsa  the  otfject  of 
Mr  Horner's  political  life  to  aeeonplitlii  hmI  under  which  he  aiBecnly 
believed  his  country  would  be  more  free  and  more  secure,  than  under 
any  other  probable  event ;  no  man  seemetl  more  likely  to  rise  to  high 
plac«  and  inlliMnee  tliau  Ikimselt  In  a  cri«is  of  puUio  alEairs  like  Ihv 
present,  unbiaaaed  and  upright  poliliciant  will  admit,  that  tbo  influence 
of  men  like  him  i*  peculiarly  deairable.  And  1  would  receive  it  as  a 
couaolalion  if  any  one  couhl  be  at  prevent  uaini'd,  to  Git  the  spaoe  w  hieh 
he  Los  teft." 


aoaK  4.  ^  1740.— DiRD  *.  o.  16 1& 


Sia  PiiiLir  FaikNCiii  wa*  born  in  Dublin  on  the  SSd  of  October, 
174t>.  Hii  (alher  nai  Dr  Fmnrii.  the  well-known  1raa»Iator  of  Honcc 
aud  DenioMheoe*.  In  I7.S0  tn'  was  leiii  over  to  Kngland,  niui  wju  id 
1753  pbccd  at  St  l^ul'*  icI»m>I.  where  he  made  great  nroficiciicy  ijt 
ulnwltial  Wming.  in  1736  Mr  llenry  Foa.  alterwards  Lord  >loUanil, 
gave  him  a  derfcabip  in  the  recrclary  of  Mate's  office.  He  was  afler- 
■anb  patron iied  by  Lord  Chatham,  to  whom  b«  occiaionally  acted  as 

VII.  :t  t. 


MtmcAi,  »Kies. 


[mdtm 


innanUHiniV  anil  nlio  procuivl  Tur  him  itic  appoinlnient  fint  of  *c*rV' 
lary  to  General  Uligli.  who  roniiniin4l<-il  ihc  piprttilion  aniad  Cbcf- 
bourg,  aii<l  *ubMqli<!nt<y  that  or  iwcri^lnry  lo  Ifai?  carl  ot  Kinnoiil,  Bri- 
linh  nmbiWiuiIor  St  (he  court  iil'  LiiUin.  He  n-Iuitied  to  Engl&nil  in 
1763,  irhcii  111-  was  ii|F|>uiiit«l  by  Lord  Meoilip  lo  a  good  deHufaip  la 
Ihc  RV-otlii.-e,  which  be  ii.-«ign«d  in  1779,  oo  account  of  a  diflbrenoe 
with  Lord  Barringlon. 

Hi?  spent  ilie  remainder  or  1772  in  travdliog  through  Fnncc,  G«r- 
mnny.  and  Italy.  In  the  mooth  of  June  next  jror,  be  woB  nomintted 
one  of  the  memhorf  of  ihe  council  of  Rcngal,  with  ■  wUry  of  £  1 0,000 
per  anouRi.  His  coodjutorn  vtre  Sir  John  Clavrrlng  nnd  Colond 
MoriKon,  who  kgrrcd  with  hint  in  hi*  ricwi  of  liiduin  policy,  aad  in 
nppoxitioR  to  those  of  tlic  govrmor,  Wancn  Hwting*.  On  ibc  I4tb 
of  Aiiguct,  I7B0,  thu  governor,  irrtlntcd  by  bctn|t  couUnlly  thwarted 
by  his«otin«l,  addr««M!d  n  note  to  Franct*  in  wbicb  (be  folUiiring  «x- 
pr«Miona  were  used ; — "  My  aulhoniy  for  the  opiniofis  whicfa  I  hare 
deal«i!«d  coDwrning  Mr  Francis.  dt-p«iid*  on  facts  wbioh  have  passed 
ttitbio  Diy  owD  certain  kiionledf^e.  1  judge  of  his  public  conduct  by 
my  experienoe  of  bis  priiaie,  which  I  hare  found  (o  bo  toid  of  (ralh 
Diid  honour.  This  i«  a  *cvprc  charge,  bu(  temppratcly  nnd  (Mibernlely 
made,  ftom  the  tirni  persuasion  ihat  I  owe  iliis  juttin'  I»  the  public 
nnd  myself,  a*  the  nnly  redress  to  bolb,  for  Brliflcrs  of  which  I  have 
lipcn  a  victim,  and  which  threaten  to  incolvc  lli«lr  interests  with  dis- 
graci?  and  ruin.  The;  only  rrdress  for  a  frnud,  for  which  ibc  law  ha* 
nutdr  no  prorision,  is  Ihc  npositi'r  of  it."  A  dui-l  followed,  in  wbich 
Mr  Francis  waa  scrurcly  wounded,  lie  immediately  resigned  bia 
oHicc,  and  returned  to  England,  wIktc  h<-  couimcocrd  a  wriet  of 
attacks  on  (be  adniiniUralion  of  Hastings.  He  was  not,  hovrvcr,  al- 
lows) to  take  a  part  in  (he  impeacbtncnt  of  tho  goTcmor;  being  con- 
aidered  ditqnalifted  for  that  duty  by  ihc  fact  of  bis  pcrvonal  hoslllity 
(o  the  aeowed,  Mr  Foa  propomd  his  name,  in  a  speech  highly 
c<rai|)linii'ntary  both  lo  his  talents  and  bis  virtues;  for,  after  cnumvr- 
ating  tile  dlBcreut  (|ualilics  requiiile  in  a  public  accuser,  lie  dcclartrd 
tbat  ibcy  all  centred  in  the  genlleiiMa  (hen  proposed  by  biu>>  "  la 
such  a  character.  Inoooencc  and  inlegrilj  were  iudispeiuable  ingre- 
dicDis.  It  was  nccPSMry  that  bs  vbo  pwfemd  an  aeoiMation  against 
anotlier,  sliould  bimscif  be  blameless,  and  hi*  reputation  uiiM»pacie<L 
TItat  tbb  was  (be  case  with  Mr  Francis  was  uniTcnally  IidovD'  H« 
had  been  selected  a  parliamentary  delcfilc  to  India  in  Ilia  year  1773. 
in  cMisequeocc  of  llie  reputation  be  bore.  He  had  rctumul  with  tha 
approbstiou  and  conftdence  of  (be  Eaat  India  company,  and  tbe  tnti- 
WOBj  of  liis  friends  wu  ceafinBed  and  corroborated  by  thoM  of  liia 
cBdnieB.  By  a  ttttdy  bo«(i1iiy  to  the  raalven»iion  of  o(her»,  he  bad 
proToked  Uie  moat  rigid  •cruliiiy  into  hi*  own  couducl.  Had  any  acta 
nf  detlnqaency  been  dtscoTCrable  in  him,  (hey  mail  long  since  bar* 

■  •■  In  Uh  aulj  part  tt  nj  iitt  I  hiJ  Um  good  (onus*  lo  boM  ■  piMa  *M)  law, 
iidsnl^  In  lUcir.  bai  kMsnIUulj  andR  ih«  ewl  af  OnUkwD.  Ha  Jsicialii  t^tm 
hii  •uiion  to  uL*  iir>tira  o<  tnloa,  laJ  ha  hoooaiwd  ms  vlUi  rcfcMcd  taatks  of  M« 
Istow  and  prMMlioo.  Itow  •mrmly.  in  nlBra,  I  hu  slUthed  to  lui  penon,  mm)  tow 
fkt  I  hsn  bMS  gnrtslnl  to  li>  miaoij,  Ibtr  sho  kiww  me,  know.  I  sdoiimi  bSm  as 
•  M«— t,  niiMrisab  fculljr.  lamsD  tmog,  HhcM  thmiiBr,  Ilka  sU  lbs  ddUsM  worlu  oT 
hiMH  8— aiililnn,  AmU  U  ds«amliw4  hj  i"  «nllMti«.  mtt  lu  ibforu.--  Atr 


4 


rtmmVi  %tt*  or  l»*  ntnmn  IW' 


yium.) 


SIR  PHILIP  FRAXCIB. 


MT 


b«en  broagfat  bcbre  llie  public.  It  wms  fit  tliat  nn  accuMr  ihonkj  pox- 
aeM  talenU.  What  w*n  tbe  iwtariil  abiliiHS  or  Mr  Fraoctt,  it  wu 
necdloM  (o  elsle  in  a  place  irh«r«  they  wer«  fo  well  knovrn.  What  were 
hi*  acquired  abilities  on  the  uihjoct  of  thv  protcciitiqn,  rauU  be  «|iialljr 
evidcDt  from  tli«  opponuniiir*  he  hiul  enjoyed.  It  ra*  mucb  lo  bavo 
b««n  in  Indii:  it  was  mucli  to  have,  been  BcquainlL'cl  urith  the  r«-B>ii>na 
and  Inrgiicnui lions  unilcr  which  Mr  Hvlings  hiul  bii^D  accuitonicil  to 
•cnien  hi*  oUiquiti«s>  Tlicrw  wrrc  bat  few  men  Iruiu  that  quartiT  who 
woultl  dare  to  aMume  tbv  cliaractcr  of  an  accuser,  or  wliose  own  coii* 
duct  would  staud  tliv  (est  uf  imguiry.  Lutlj,  li«  coiHet*«d  that  it  wan 
nu  Ics*  r«v|ui9ite  ill  uu  acciuicr,  that  he  thouUt  entertain  &o  partiality  iu 
lavour  uf  Ibc  accuaed ;  that  be  ibould  not  be  indilferent  to  ifao  end  of 
tbc  prosecution,  and  that  lie  should  be  aiiiuiateil  niih  an  honett  Jodlg- 
natuiM  axaiuat  the  eriiaea,  and  iho  criminal  whom  he  alteniptcd  to  \mag 
to  ju)lic«.  If  Mr  Fraoci*  was  di*|>o*ed  to  cheriih  enmity  to  Mr  lla»- 
lings.  it  «a*  not  a  prima  but  a  pahlic  enniity ;  a  di*likv  not  Ibundrd 
on  antipathy  fo  hi*  per*on.  hot  in  a  jntt  Knae  of  the  criaits  h«  had 
wmitiittcd,  and  tlic  ttuit  be  had  alniacd.'*  Tuvards  Ili«  coaclusion,  Mr 
Fox  rnterod  into  an  eiil^ium  on  the  conduct  of  ttiia  gentleman,  reb- 
tive  to  hi*  plant  fur  l]ic  i^overnmcnt  of  our  Aiialic  •eltlementa,  and  ob- 
■erred,  "  If  ever  India  ahoitld  be  »«ll  goivraed,  if  the  comptians  that 
had  prevailed  iii  that  country  tfaould  ever  be  corrected,  the  diacovery 
waa  to  be  imputed  to  ftir  Francia.  lie  bad,  with  infinite  application 
■wl  aUUly.  brought  Ibrwiml  the  nbiitrs  of  the  Eatt  India  adaiinUtra- 
tion  to  Ihc  notice  of  thi*  country.  By  inenni  of  hi*  local  and  pcrMMiiJ 
knowledge,  he  had  developed  the  whole  uiyatery  of  corruption.  He 
had  enforced  it  on  lite  conviction  of  the  houw ;  he  had  persuaded  an 
unwilling  audience,  for  no  nun  waa  willing  to  become  an  aceuaer. 
U'nukl  the  Itotiae,  now  that  they  had  tMlo{iIC(l  the  nc«iiiation,  and  liudo 
it  their  own,  prevent  it*  author  frcm  ■uppottJiif:  it  ai  ihr  bar  of  the 
hovae  of  Ionia,  where  he  only  ooald  iu]>j)ori  it  with  ell'ect  ?"  The  late 
Mr  Wndfaam  d«li>er«d  hi*  Mctimeati  on  tlie  tame  uihject.  He  ob- 
wmd,  "  That  in  oil  judicial  procMdingi  the  truth  was  to  bo  dlMOverod 
lhron)i;li  the  conieulioD  and  oppotilioo  of  the  purtiea  or  iheir  odvootlea. 
It  wnK,  pt-rli^M,  by  conftHmding  the  foneiioDa  of  a  witnew  and  on  oc- 
euxr,  that  membcn  were  induood  to  «Dl«>rUin  »o  itl-founded  an  id«a, 
aa  that  private  rocnlnM-ot  nnfittMl  a  nan  for  tbe  charscler  of  an  aocoa- 
er>  Even  a  witnoa  wa*  not  diaqualified  for  partiality ;  lor,  in  fact,  erery 
^witneaa  waa  In  lome  degreo  partial:  and  if  the  judge  perceived  in  hint 
m  iiMMV  tlian  ordinary  degree  of  aninioaity,  he  only  heard  hint  with  tlie 
won  OMlion,  and  quctliofled  him  with  the  grtaier  atrietneaa.  But  diil 
Mr  PrvKtii  really  bbour  under  that  imprcMion  ?  Hn  nxild  tee  no 
rcaaon  to  imagimi  it,  unlcw  Uie  DMMUuy  contequcnce  of  a  duel  wna 
{W'riiclual  enmity.  Would  a  private  individual,  having  a  Uw-*uit  uilli 
aoolhcr,  and  that  other  fastening  a  quarrel  upon  hini,  imcunlialely.  on 
that  acooonl.  rclinqniih  hi*  caiMC,  and  give  up  hia  property  ?  Mr 
Windham  hoped  that  no  one  would  pretend  to  argue,  that  it  would  be 
more  b«itmbeat  where  (he  penoo  woa  only  a  Irutuv  tor  aootlier.  Tbb 
waa  Mr  FrBDcb'a  cnae ;  he  hail  been  tatruMcd  by  tbt  pablic, — lie  luw 
the  peblio  wTongeil  by  Mr  Haniingii,  and  he  detemiintd  to  do  Juiiice 
lo  Ilia  nioilcn  by  bringing  the  ili'tiiiqiii-iii  to  an  accoonl  lor  lii«  inalver- 
MliiMi.     The  d''lii>'|<M-Bt  qiiarTrllrd  with  him,  and  Ihey  feught ;  and  for 


S68 


rOLITICAt.  BKRIKB. 


[Nina 


Uwl  rcMon.  lOKn:!}'  bi-uiuw  a  private  injury  wu  npemdiled  (o  publia 
oflcncM,  the  public  were  to  lone  thn  meana  of  brinpng  lo  puiii&liincnk] 
Ibc  person  wha  had  violntod  thn  trust  thny  lim)  rrp(i*cil  in  him."     Mr  ] 
Pitt  having  nlMrrvnd,  "  Tliat  the  i^uestion,  in  liii  opinion,  w»t  a  ques- 
tion of  fcicling.  and  not  of  argument ;  and  that  he  wns  dUincMncd  lo 
appoint,  ««  a  representative  ot  the  house  of  comnioiu,  tlw  only  ment* 
hi?r  who  line],  on  it  former  oocaBJou,  been  engaged  in  a  pcnoDal  conievt 
ivith  ihc.  nccujd-d,"  Mr  Burke  ridiculed  these  allegations  with  constdrr- 
iible  ton-v  and  effecl.      "  Was  it  fit  or  beeoiuini;  in  the  chur&ctcr  of  | 
It' Kii tutor,  on  a  great  and  intporlont  question,  lu  say  that  liia  ieetingaj 
wcn^  no  much  hurl,  that  he  found  himself  compelled  to  abanitou  iav«to7 
li^'ation  anil  nrgument,  thnt  he  might  not  violate  liia  delicao)'  ?     What ' 
lias  di'iiracy?     It  was  but  a  term  to  ithich  no  dcflnile  idea  had  been 
found.     It  was  at  best  but  n  superadded  tlou-cr  lo  vtriuei  aB  ornanK'nt, 
the  absence  or  the  presence  of  which  was  alike  indifferent  10  the  «ub- 
ttnnce.     Uriicacy  utid  feeling  might  bf  vory  proper  terms  to  expnw^ 
tlie  EcnMitions  arising  from   tli«  exertions  of  nii  o\wn  singer,  but  iheyyl 
were  an  insult  lo  the  soh-miiiiy  and  niagiiiludt  uf  parliamentary  delib- 
iTalion."      Mr  Francis  at  length  arose  and  ohservud.   '"  'I'hal  lie  had 
wlltndeU   the   debate  very    much  against  his  ificlinalico,  »llhoii};h    hn 
cuuld  not.  wiih  any  propriety,  have  avoided  ii.     It  vus  iuciinibtnt  un 
him  ii>  appear,  and  be  ready  to  give  answers  lo  auy  thin);  which,  in  the 
judgment  of  the  hou!-e,  might  have  called  for  explatiatii>D>     Bui  he 
now  foundj  that  the  objection  turned  upon  no  imputation  a^lnst  hia 
character,  no  suspicion  upon  his  conduct,  but  merely  on  a  point  of 
honour."     Turning  round  to  the  friend*  of  the  accused,  he  then  apo*- 
trophised  ihem  in  a  manner  that<^xtorted  even  their  applause.  "  Thirteen 
yean  arc  now  elapsed,"  obscrvrd  be,  "  since  I  first  wo*  connected  in 
(iRk-e  with  Mr  Hastings;  six  of  tltem  were  tvnstr.d  in  India  in  perpcttiat 
eontest  with  him.     Seven  years  api,  I  left  him  Ibere,  in  ]io»Bti»ii>n  of 
olute  power.     In  all  that  time,  oo  charges  have   beeii  proiluet-d 
,lD»t  me.     Suivly,  Sir,  if  accusation  is  ever  u>  eoine,  it  is  high  time 

;  fhould  appear.  If  now,  or  at  any  other  period,  I  should  be  obliged 
to  change  plaoo  with  Mr  llnslings,  if  herea^rr  it  should  be  my  loi  to 
be  accuted,  I  shall  assuredly  ne.ver  objeel  to  his  being  my  prosecutor; 
for  though  by  removing  a  povr<.Tful,  a  nell-inlbrmed,  and  in  tlic  secutu 
of  the  pr«tent  argument,  aa  inveterate  accusiT,  I  might  provide  for  my 
safety,  my  honour  would  he  lost.  Ltt  those  geuUeinen  who  are  in- 
Irosled  with  the  care  of  Mr  Hastings'  honour,  look  to  what  they  are 
doing  I"  ^Ir  Francis  llien  entered  iuto  a  review  of  his  conduct  in  re- 
spect to  Mr  llBs1iDg>,  aioce  hiit  return  lo  England.  Seven  yean  be- 
lore,  when  he  had  been  almost  immediotely  e-nllcd  on  to  give  evidence 
before  a  committee  of  the  liouse  of  commons,  "  Could  he,  without 
Irenchcry  lo  the  public,  have  refusinJ  uny  iiifumiation  in  bii  power?  If 
Tiul.  the  single  queslion  was,  in  what  form  did  it  become  him  tu  act? 

Ill  lhi>  character  of  an  evidence  only  ?  \\''ould  that  have  been  a  part 
lo  whieh  no  enmity,  no  malice  could  have  been  imputed?  Would  it 
have  been  honourable  in  him  to  stand  aloof  and  hide  himself,  while  in 
fact  hn  supplied  the  infnrmnlioD,  furnished  the  materials,  and  prompted 
tlie  prosecution?  Was  he  thought  to  have  acted  di»hononrul>ly.  be. 
erased  he  declared  himself  the  responsible  accusr'r  of  Mr  Huntings, 

because  he  ai-owed  his  (irineijiles,  and  ho/ai'ded  uU  {he  cuuse(|neiioca  of 


rnmD.| 


siK  psrLir  FRAKCia- 


oUoqiiy.  rrtnlUliaa,  Mid  rrvrtifcr.  nliicli  n  public  [irot««utor  mti«t  cit- 
MHinter,  but  vbich  aBcaclaixl^ulkiiit;  hmtukt  migfat  ca*iljr  aviriil?  I 
lull  oiijiinalljr  adrbet)  on  Uib  nubjrct  with  Sir  Williain  Dnper;  tiiy  cud* 
duet  hiw  been  more  rKcully  approved  by  Geucnl  BBTKoyac,— mm 
vbo  BJdtt  be  suppoMd  no  mewi  jndgv  of  a  point  of  honour.  But 
villi*  I  luaenl  the  <;on»oqii«ncef>  of  a  vote  that  ahall  cxoludo  rig  from 
any  *kore  in  (lie  impcjicJiniciit  of  Mr  ll»>tingt,  I  (ru«t  (hnt  no  pcrMMI 
will  thiitk  It  poMiblp,  that  I  mraa  to  *olicit  ihix  houw  In  nlUT  it*  mo- 
latioii.  I  ows  every  nwiatancc  to  my  friend,  >Ir  Biirkr,  in  ibu  tattk  lie 
Im*  umlcrtaluo)  but  cxclutirely  of  ^at  cotiMdrraticn,  wbat  con  I  dc* 
•erve  better  tbau  to  be  aboolvcd  wHbout  di^cmcc  from  any  further 
DOoeem  in  Ibis  todaoiu«,  iuvidiuiw,  and  moat  untbaokful  office?"  Tim 
frieoda  of  Mr  Hsflingj  triunipbed  on  the  divUon,  alllioogh  biriy  b«at<>n 
ia  (be  debate :  for  tbe  aye«  ia  favour  of  Mr  FraiKin'*  adinluioo  were 
62,  and  tbe  noes  1221  On  ihb  the  ntune  of  Mr  Fredcricli  Montague 
•ra*  lubatituted. 

lie  warmly  oppcMMl  the  vnr  with  France,  and  took  a  lead  in  the 
reform  asMciatioa.  called  '  Tho  Frienda  of  the  People :'  he  might  in- 
deed be  conidered  a*  tbe  founder  of  it.'     lie  nJM)  xeaJoiuly  odvotatcd 

*  In  bit  plan  at  ntam,  liitaiid(4  W  b*  pn^oxil  to  ttw  ■  PXondi  of  Om  Pmifit' 
Im  «MMnd^  **  Tbat  to  ban  •totad  aa  wirMOi  publle  gtiataiica  irliluiui  propMbit  a 
nmtif,  miii  oalr  Mad  to  atana  and  afUMa  Um  mloili  oT  Um  people,  u  ttU  ta  to 
dfatmb  Uw  p«M*  of  nrtatr-  Tba  boow  nl  •ooidcmu,"  iJannn  bo,  ■■  auebt  lo  la  tfaa 
rea^tiliilimAt  imtm piwH  or  iwpoQ  ttt  Ihu  p«o|i1flL  With  aa  luaaitbbj  f  iifumcu  hndw 
itt  HimiiKKu,  r^lj  upTowilipg  mod  acting  for  Hi*  fmntiT,  Ida  rnncival  or  currtcUiHi 
of  ujijinHin  at  nptaiiiT*  iiuiiioliuni,  lb*  iipivl  u(  Iml  Um*.  miiI  Hi*  oilbl  but  atokli 
■dmIalMntiafi  «r  gixKl  unu.  Huulil  follcm  of  cuunu^  <•  lili  (lie  RjiMion  of  all  nlra- 
lafwit  •ipmillliin,  Iba  atiOiUluit  (rut*  of  lb*  public  inoiw)'.  ud  iiaflon  aalaUfah- 
BMUionJ  >>lh  a  radaSMMijfa  th*  MlUftloa  aaJ  apfmjiilallari  of  dw  laaw  ralaml 
ea  dto  pKi|>1<'.  Boih  •  pvl!a««DI  waaU.  «ba"a  all  Ibloi^  norar  nffcr  tba  nallaa  In 
ba  ln<«lt«d  la  tba  nluiiitiai  of  ■»  (ta  aay  pniyut*  but  daCnea.  la  potUioc  lb* 
maaoa  m  aball  imto  Iba  oml.  Ttio  nalofMioD  «f  Um  H|hla  of  b«e  alaMlon  U  a 
|«dlH>cafT  toJMyanwfcla  to  •m7  atbar  Hfcrttloo.  Tlw  coaailtHttaa,  ihui  ralorcd 
10  fialaa  bwJiK  woaM  aaoa  t^etim  IW  wal  aad  ganutoa  haastT.  Wliai  Uaacadoea 
il  aaUUI  aMT  tat  iba  lUni  fltaltloaa  ilwfB  of  praarttaltoo,  nioad  by  (HaobatT, 
malad  In  riot,  and  (larlibinE  In  tba  tD«II>|ato  aalii*n«  u(  Hjiirtliin  r  NolwithaUn'l  • 
■na  ibaa,  our  author  tnlMa  th*  act  (mh  of  Hanij  V|.)  aliieh  nalficloil  tlio  nl«a  a 
raantr  aloclioru  to  forli  tbUling  ftM^ldan,  aad  fnmMad  all  ftoMnen,  as  IwraMfenk 
IttHD  l*bi(  oiritaaad  lucbooadakal||h(o(lb«ahlnL  ■•Waapptaaa,"«baarMah«^*iaf 
laifatidlag  Iha  rifbl  of  aolina  b>  paaauaa  of  no  aiitalaim :  but,  far  iKm  oonBaln^  M  to 
DOaipMlaiar  qaalMcallM  (Itaibw  Uommou.)  ae  iball  coottud  Ibr  luaUcnucD  i* 
awn  hind  oT  ftnparty,  afcati  Iba  aiaoaM.  coBblnoil  altli  olhot  nrruuHUnnat  ■•  uif- 
Maal  M  afford  a  raaaanahld  Hnirilr  Ibal  Itia  right  aHIl  tw  prnprtl)  rufouad.  In  a 
mrd,^  aodttBDra  Iw.  "otiovnr  oUinaB  ilw  ooane  ofthv  RotlHhbltlat},a*4  Ihajno. 
inm  OS  ih*  Motiiiatlao,  oiU  BnO  ibal  lAeflT  aad  propatt^  bais  totwiabljr  paa  band 
•B  band,  and  pnWaalad  ladi  otlm ;  and  tifaRa  Iba  landa  wan  aafiaaaad  bj  lbs  diaroh 
and  Iba  aobaili,  IbarbfDBud  larooa  dU,  la  bet,  aoonkaM  th«  paibamoal ;  bm  thai 
at  bri  at  aaUlla  ■ran  oaMtarad,  aa  Indaitr}  nti  Uads  w«ra  maoungad,  and  ai  iba 
luaiaa  uT  a«|alrla(  fnipaMjr  am*  laid  opM,  IW  llWrtka,  Iba  rlfhla.  Ibo  pri*<1(>KB^ 
aod  Uu  poix*  of  Iba  coaDDoni  onaaiW  aloas  trtib  Ibaai."  U  ia  *Im  laHalalat  I  la 
Ihii  anik,  that  antr  nuFiabar  ^haU  pitawa  an  adaqoalo  qmliacatiaii,  aad  that  a  fatU 
ttoaaarborKMNdfaaimlM  Wnaatohkaaak  On*  ffiwt  objaat  anl<r  b  ban  auaaft. 
ad,  Md  that  k  ■•  To  uba  tba  aholaa  «l  tba  baaaa  U  somBoaa  Mt  ef  iha  faanda  wt  ■ 
(r*  prl*4a|*d  navaon^  and  r*|«at*  It  to  lb*  baa*  <f  tba  aaaj  lo  wboM  il  b*k«a<  \if 
■a*  right.  Sir  llidip  ihtaU  Ibal  •  nipt  aa  b*f«MAim  oi^ht  lo  ba  taid  to  lb* 
ibant  aMtlbkonaipcMa,  alfon|iibilla|*B>dar,  iraabl  aal  itotJ  ^KfcOW 
lir  a  ala^  la^^  It  •■  aln  pmcaaad  ihal  all  tb*  oteUoM  aboald  w—naa  aa  Iha 
N«a  dq  Ml  baw.  aad  Ibal  Ih*  daf  i>  lal  I  In  Sunday,  laaaaailial*!}  abar  dtiiaa  aar. 
•tcB.    A*  to  lb*  bMnUaa  llaail,  lb*  plan  imv  ilaUd  M  to  (vnAa*  II  m  all  hat^Mtn 


S70 


rotineAL  SBHiea. 


(Nil 


IW  abatittoa  of  tltc  fclave-ira(l«.     lu  l/SC  li«  Hood  Tor  Tc«bc«bury, 
but  H'«i  ik-lvati-ili  in  ISO'i  lie  wan  iMoiinalcd  and  rrtunicd  for  Appkbjr- 

On  iJiv  death  of  Lord  ConiM'kllU,  it  vat  at  oac  lime  intended  that 
Mr  FnncM  sbould  go  to  India  a*  govcmar>gmcnl :  but  tlie  nppont- 
inrDl  i>eT«'r  look  plac^ :  be  wiu,  bowevirr,  on  the  rMomiucMlUioa  of 
l^ni  Grmvillr,  inverted  witli  (be  ordcf  of  the  BatJi  on  the  S9Ui  of 
October,  1806.  While  id  pariiani«iili  be  lor  a  lime  nude  ludia  tlw 
great  tbrmr  ot  bb  tfpcvdicii  but  at  last  dedand  tliat  be  liad  givca  up 
Uie  laok  of  directing  tlie  atlention  of  the  BriUili  Moate  to  the  aflain  of 
that  caantiT  hi  tliccr  deqnir  and  diigiMt : — "  I  poawd,"  nid  ht,  "  aix 
jon  in  pCTpetnal  niMiy  and  contest  in  Bengal,  at  the  baurd  of  my 
lil^ :  tlini  a  wrtUbed  vojrago  of  ten  nootb*,  aod  tvo-ami-tvrnty  jtmn 
of  labour  ID  the  camo  coano,  ui>Kip(>onnl.  and  nlonr.  By  to  long 
eudeuvburinf!  lo  maintain  right  againut  nrong,  I  have  Mcnficcd  my 
rvpoM,  and  forfeited  all  hopra  nf  ri-vanl  or  [•c-rnoiial  advantage :  but 
now  I  baTO  taken  tny  re*oloiion,  and  vill  do  *o  no  more :  I  shall  n«*vr 
ogaia  aatniDe  an  active  part,  much  lc««  a  lead,  in  any  dimuMion  of  Id- 
dian  afl^ira.  Aa  to  fulutir  persona)  proceedings  again*!  nny  man,  I  am 
rcKiUcd  lo  lakr  no  pnrt  in  ibcm.  the  impeachment  of  Mr  HoiliiiK' 
cured  in«  of  tbat  folly.  I,  in  fact,  was  Irieij,  anil  Mr  Hutiu}^  an^uit* 
ltd.  My  «piriu  arc  rahaiMtcd,  and  Biy  mind  lubdued  by  a  long,  un- 
Ibnnlfiil,  and  moU  invidioiu  applicaiioA  to  one  puraail,  ia  wbich  1  have 
never  bi-cn  able  lo  do  any  good." 

In  1814  lie  relinqnisbciJ  liii  seat  in  parliainetit,  and  M«med  to  lia«« 
finally  retired  from  public  lifL-i  but  on  the  Hd  of  June,  lttl7,  be  uo- 
eapecledly  preaenicd  bimwlf  at  a  meeting  of  tlie  Middlcaei  frtcbold- 
crt,  and  moved  ■  pelilion  against  the  iu>pmsioD  of  ibe  babcjif  corpus 
aet  In  veiy  energetic  tenna.     Sir  Pbilip  died  in  Deccmberi  1816. 

Kr  Iliilip'a  greatest  claim  to  notoriety  now  retti  upon  tbe  nearly 
made  out  fort  that  he  vni  the  author  of  the  fiir-hmcd  '  Jtin!ua*sLeltcr«.' 
In  an  able  dinjuisilion  cntillcd  '  The  Identity  of  Janius  witli  a  ditlin- 
guikhed  Liring  cbaractrr,'  pnbli»lic<I  in  1616,  tli«  aailiDnhip  of  llic 
■  I^ltn'  b  osngned  to  Sir  lliilip.  Hnrke  i*  known  lo  hatr  repeali-dly 
i-xpTcatcd  lii(  adiDiralion  of  Francb'a  tuk-uu  a>  a  pampblcl-atiirr ;  and 
ihc  following  extracts  from  •pcecbea  delivereil  by  bim  io  the  botuc  of 
•  lunmona  mo*e  him  to  have  been  pcaicmd  of  vury  higb  talents.  He 
ihiu  altaeluMl  the  latrycn  in  the  bouae  of  oouiinonii :  "It  belong*  to 
tint  learning  of  tliese  geiitlrnH-n  to  inrolve.  and  to  their  prtidMicc  not  to 
decide.  lu  ihc  name  of  (lOd  and  common  Mo»e,  what  have  we  gaint-d 
by  cooMilliiig  IhcM  learned  per*on*  I  It  i«  really  a  tlrange  thing,  Init 
it  is  certainly  true,  that  the  kamcd  gratlemrn  on  ilialside  of  thti  houspt 
let  the  RubJM-t  be  what  it  may,  always  begin  their  ipeeebc*  with  a  pontt* 
gyric  on  ibcir  uwu  inlegrity.  You  expect  learning,  and  tbcy  give  you 
monl* :  j-oti  eipect  law.  and  tliey  give  you  ctliica :  you  ask  them  fee 
bread,  and  ibey  give  you  a  stonie.     In  potitt  of  honour  and  utotality,  tbey 

■«}*•(  puMi  uus,  «»)<t  ftan,  to  ihsl  Iho  kingiloa  tming  •IWiiot  loM  iMiWI^ 
■f«r}  MN>  booHS  abiHiU  teliHn  s  sicmlwr.  Tim  mtk  ■■(■  reiniUlUMil.  «nk  s  nrw 
iBliaJatllia.  la  laiT,  ta  tibitk  tin  ivncnlidi  aulhor  «itn>  moiu  nulMoliii,  "thM  tk« 
I  of  «oinpMMit  pmrlT  oafthl  M  be  a  *iw  fsa  oni  (o  ■  ncbl  of  4Hp«ait  of 


Iks  Mfsnj  tt  etbsis.*  Ha  M  lbs  mhw  lisM  dvpraolH  iIh  Utt  of  a  hi— r  iliib* 
••r  ftMWMMl  miKvUiis  sOBfsral  nfrac*-  •"*  *■">  ■>»  I^Unl.  ilw  lMW«,  In  lb*  ■il>< 
ltiu«>  at  OfMih  ■■  sironliac  s  •kuttimu  ilKtWr  (at  Mirajrt  tiauKtm^  «»«  abkb  lbs 
•—'  at  ibuia  rsa  hai*  me  c1lt%l." 


PnMB.! 


SIR  rniLif  raANCi*. 


S7I 


are  tintkwibtcdljr  on  a  Ift^I  willi  iho  ml  of  mojiiinil.  Hut  why  ultouM 
Uiay  prcit^itd  to  Morr?  Wliy  thoutd  tlwy  iniiit  o«i  Ukin^  Uu-  trad  in 
IDOtalily  ?  Why  diQul4  they  to  porpetudly  iiuint  upon  ibnr  iiil(^ty> 
M  if  that  vrrc  the  otqection  in  limine :  ns  if  that  wrrr  tbi;  ptMnt  in 
qDnlioD ;  lu  if  that  m-cm  thr  dintinguiUiiD);  chnradnutic,  lliu  |irouii- 
uent  feature  of  th«  proliruion  ?  l-lquolily  in  tlieir  ri};ht.  I  alloi*  it. 
ltu(  ibnl  lliey  bavi!  aay  juit  prrleiuioaB  to  a  Muperior  inoraiily,  lu  a 
purv  Bfli]  clrvatnl  probity,  to  a  fnnk,  plain,  simple,  candid,  unrefined 
integrity,  bt-yand  oilwr  men,  b  what  I  am  not  coniiDced  o(  and  n4-*«r 
■iU  ndmtt.  On  my  priocipdeg,  boweveri  the  Aaumgt  ««  ha**  taflcred 
u  not  rcry  grvat.  In  aueiidiilg  to  Ihb  lean»d  gMUltman  tre  have  loit 
■MJiiag  but  our  time ;  we  Itam  vtMed  nothing  bat  our  paiU^ncr.  Tb« 
quartion  before  ii»  nay  FMily,  and  e»a  only  be  dclcnniiicd  by  <i«ir> 
iina," 

Hit  attack  upon  Thurinv  ii  Mfwriativoly  fine ;  "  It  ww  axil  known," 
•aid  lir,  "  thnt  a  ^na  and  public  insult  haiJ  brcn  otfKrcd  to  ibe  iBunmry 
of  Gcucral  Ciavcting  aiid  Cotood  MotiWKi,  by  a  penXMi  of  higb  rank 
ill  ihia  country.  Hu  wa*  happy  wbca  hi-  \ir»ttl  Ihat  fam  name  wat  in* 
cluittHl  ill  it  iriib  th«ira>  So  biglily  OhI  Iiu  respect  ibe  c)>&ra«ter  of 
tboae  raCB,  llMt  be  deemed  tt  an  honour  lu  share  in  the  iiyiutice  it  IomI 
nffeml.  ll  waa  in  compliance  frith  Ibe  (brm*  of  tbe  booao,  and  not  to 
•heitcr  hiBMl/,  or  out  of  lendemcaa  lo  ibe  party,  that  he  farbon  to 
name  him.  He  meant  lo  dracribc  biin  M  cx>ctly,  that  he  could  not 
bv  niittakvR.  He  dccUrT<l  in  his  place  in  a  gn-iU  BMembly,  and  in  tlie 
course  of  a  graTo  detibcntioa,  'tbal  it  vootd  have  bcvn  happy  tor  ihi« 
country  if  Gcoml  Clavcnng,  Cotonel  Monaoo,  and  Mr  Franci*.  luil 
been  drowned  ta  Uwir  pasaoge  to  India.'  If  tlii*  poor  ami  spitefal  in- 
rcotii'G  bad  been  uttered  by  a  man  of  no  come^itience  or  repute,  by 
■ay  light,  trifling,  iDCOMideralfl  person,  by  a  lord  of  the  bed^cfaambrr, 
for  example,  or  any  of  the  other  silken  barons  of  modem  d^y*.  he 
should  have  bcani  It  with  indllnvnee.  Uul  when  it  was  siTioualj 
urcril  and  ilvhbcmiely  iatlilMl  ca  bj  a  grant  lord  of  parliamciil — by  ■ 
Jadge^by  a  man  of  ability  and  emiaenco  in  hi*  praflctaioo,  vboee  per> 
•ooal  dispoeitioai  va*  tcnoii*,  who  carrinl  grarity  to  itcnineNh  and 
ManacM  U  feraciiy.  it  could  not  be  rrceivnl  with  imliflrnrnce,  or  an- 
nmed  withoot  rracnlmcnt.  Such  o  man  sould  be  tbuucht  to  ha>c 
inqaircd  before  he  pronouncvd.  From  hb  mouth  a  roproacli  vas  a 
•rlitcnce,  an  invectirc  wa*  a  juiIkuscbI.  The  aecidcWl  of  liiv.  and  not 
My  origiaal  dbdociion  tliat  Ih-  kni-w  of,  hod  (itooed  him  too  bigli,  ami 
hiBMlf  at  (00  gnat  a  diAtaocc  Irom  bini,  lo  uitniit  of  any  olbur  answer 
Ihaa  a  pablle  daflanee,  for  General  Clarering,  for  Cofooel  Moocoa,  and 
Ibr  hiOMK  ThU  Wte  not  a  party  queatiofl.  nor  should  it  be  left  to  su 
feebb  an  advocate  a«  bu  was,  to  sopporl  it.  The.  frk-mU  aod  feliou" 
•oUitn  of  Oiaenl  Clavehog  and  Colonel  Moiuon  •mild  aMiit  btm  ia 
debwlilig  Ibair  memory.  He  demanded  asd  ripKled  the  support  of 
every  man  of  hoaour  in  that  bouae  and  in  the  kingdom.  What  chai^ 
acter  «a*  safe,  if  tlaader  was  pemitted  to  attaefc  tbo  reputatkn  of  two 
of  the  must  bonoanMo  and  virtuous  men  that  rvvr  wife  employed,  or 
tvtr  pi-niliml  in  ibc  wrvicv  of  their  country?  He  knew  tlut  the  auibor- 
ity  of  ihis  man  was  not  williout  wei);ht :  bot  he  bad  an  inliniicly  higln-r 
aalbonly  to  opfNMc  to  it.  He  had  ibe  bajipinvs*  of  bearinR  (be  inerila 
of  liem-rol  Clavcni^  and  Cohmel  Mouson  acknowledgnl  aad  applauded 


STS 


POLITICAL  aXIIIES- 


in  term*  to  wliirh  li«  «b*  not  at  lilicrty  to  do  mottr  (huii  tn  allude:  ibrjr 
wm  rapid  anil  cxprrsMTo.  Ih  matt  tiot  venture  to  repent,  l«(t  Iw 
tliould  (lu  Diem  iiyuttic^  or  tiolatn  the  fornts  of  rwpcci,  where  mmvo' 
lM\y  li«  owed  and  foil  ihc  nuwl.  Hut  hv  wtu  niflidenl)^  nndcntond. 
Tbe  generous  Hctnalion*  Ihnt  aninmic  Ihi;  nif  a)  niiadi  were  eaatljr  dia- 
tinguished  frxim  ihox!  wliicli  rank1i-d  iii  the  heart  of  that  perMo  who 
«u  »upp<wr'il  to  he  the  kcrpor  of  lh«  royal  coiiscienoe." 

In  ItJIl  he  sent  a  letter  lo  the  public  jouruals  oo  die  Kf[«DCv  qu^ 
lion,  thr  Kpirit  and  *t]rle  of  wliidi  in  reitiarlULbly  like  Jiuilu&.     Tbc  foU 
lowing  i«  niprcini«n  oTtliia  epistle:  "  Wlio  is  there  M  ignorant.  a>  noi 
to  know-  thnt  ihe  prvnif;ati(-(-i  of  tlic  crown  are  not  voted  for  hi*  own 
Mike  in  the  pemia  who  wears  it,  but  lo  imurc  the  oxecntioD  of  bis 
uffict-:  and  then  I  tik,  what  power  liai  Ihc  constitution  rcMtved  to  mny 
net  or  men  to  sLrip  the  crown  of  tlioae  prerogalivr*,  or  even  (o  qualj^ 
or  imjMiir  tli«iti?     Show  it  if  you  can,  uid  produce'  your  evidence.     In 
a  ea«c  of  such  importance  I  w  ill  not  nalMnil  lo  authority,  and,  I«(wC  of 
ull,  to  the  anthority  of  a  party,  whic^  perhaps  mconi  or  npccte  to 
beii«tit  by  the  dKisioo.     They,  wlio  cnii  wholly  rcfuie,  may  gnutt  upoa 
conditions.     The  lords  mny  *ay,  you  »hA!l  make  no  tiion;  peer*.     The 
commons  may  say,  you  slinll  have  no  power  to  dissolve  lu.     The  mia- 
iitpts  of  course  itill  nut  iiibniit  to  be  diipoiMUBcd  i  and  thn  b  the  ex- 
reutivc  govcmmcnl,  which  thry  are  willing  to  ntablish  to  the  print*'* 
hunds.      Birfbri!  thry  drcide,  let  them  make  th«  oaae  llitrir  own,      Dq 
iliey  mean  t»  admit  that  the   king,  uniting  with  a  cooveiiikni  of  tb* 
|)c«r«,  could  abolith  the  house  of  commoiUt  Or  even  direM  Ihetn  uf  any 
ooe  of  lh«ir  privileges?     Could  tbi^  king  aud  llie  conntoiw,  I  will  not 
uy  abolitti  the  hoiuu  of  lunlx.  but  conld  thry  take  away  Uwir  JwWiih 
tioii  in  the  last  resort,  or  in  trial*  by  inipeaclitncnl  ?"  iie. — **  I  ui  not 
talking  of  desperate  or  extreme  cnM^     Ncce»sily,  uuavwdable  and  irra* 
sidtible,  must  be  left  to  provide  fur  itsell^     True  wiwtoat,  una  tbm. 
will  do  DOtliing  beyond  what  the  instant  exigency  reqnirea,  aad   will 
return  n*  soon  as  possible  to  its  rcgulur  established  eourM*.     Nrilbrr 
do  I  deny  tho  power  of  the  people  lo  du  what  tbey  wtIL      Undoubtctlly 
they  may  tear  down  the  templa  and  tribanaU,  and  wuidcr  their  tcscb- 
era  and  their  magistrate*.     They  have  a  phyucal  force  lo  aboli^i  Ibcir 
laws,  and  to  trampU  on  the  institutions  of  their  foreftlbef*.     But,  to- 
member,  the  nian  »ho  pulled  down  the  building,  and  buried  biBiaelf  in 
its  ruiiu,  was  Uind  as  well  ns  strong,      'llie  (juality  of  an  imnorml  act 
it  not  altered,  tlie  guilt  of  an  ctioraioai  crime  i»  not  dimisisbed,  by  the 
nunibera  that  concur  in  it.     The  moment  the  people  did  ibeac  thing*, 
tbey  would  cease  to  be  B  nation.     To  destroy  their  constitution  is  be- 
yond  their  competence.     It  is  the  inhcritanco  of  the  unborn  a*  well  as 
ibein.     Wliat  we  received  from  our  ancestor*,  wc  arc  morally  and  ra> 
ligioosly  bound,  as  well  ns  by  our  law*,  to  trunsrait  to  our  poaUrHjr. 
or  Mieb  enormous  violence  on  tlic  part  of  the  peupl*',  I  Know  tliofc  la 
no  ilatigcr.    Will  they  suffer  any  oUirr  powvr  to  do  that  in  their  nam«k 
which  they  cannot  and  ought  not  to  do  IW  ihtmtelveft?     I  lieunl  it 
frxiin  Lord  Chatham.  '  that  power  without  right  ii  ibe  most  odious  and 
detestable  object  that  can  be  ufTcred  (o  th«  human  imugitutioti.     It  i* 
at  once  res  lieUUidiilu  ct  eaduea.'     Let  who  will  aMaue  sueh  power,  it 
Mgbi  to  be  r«w>ti-d.     ilnvc  nK-n  meet  tlieir  fiOe ;  oowarda  take  tttght, 
and  die  for  (ear  of  dcatfa.~ 


I 


PiaiOB.) 


MR  PHii.ir  rKAitci*. 


vs 


Umidr*  llirsr  inilicjiiHinii,  liim  am  olber  drGUDHUnM*  oC  »  pcnonti 
hml  Itidarieal  nnturr  that  go  v«T}-  fw  to  mmlw  CMt  lli»  iilpnlily  or  8ir 
Pbitt|)  Fnuciri  aiHl  Juniiu.  "  Tliera  aro  llirv*  givat  fncu  conrn'Mtil  villi 
the  pulilic&lion  of  lliMe  iMWn,*'— uya  lltr  <^itor  of  an  rxn^lli-ot  «di(i«M 
ef  (ho  'Lpllfreof  Juniut'  pnUitbrd  liy  M<«*r«  Otivcr  &  Buyd  i>r  Edi»> 
burghr— ^  lor  rrtty  one  o*  whicli  loiiic  Miiifiutlon  scmnnt  i*  r«<|uin(L 
In  Uk!  fint  place,  thry  iniut  hare  bcm  n-rilUn  by  a  pennon  wbo  rtMtd 
almort  iininii-miptnlfy  in  Lontluo  b«iw««ii  llic  j-ewn  1769  and  1773, 
In  the  srcond  plaor.  we  naturally  riMjuirv,  what  m>uIi1  have  indawd  a 
wiHet  of  «ach  talent  ami  celetirily  all  at  ooi-e  la  brMMoe  silent  at  tli« 
end  of  that  pmod.  And,  In  ibe  bM  plac«,  we  p«fc»lre>  rrom  n  carvful 
perusal  oflhc  Letter*,  not  only  ihat  lli«ir  author  kep4  a  vigilaol  ey«  on 
g^reat  public  erenu,  but  IliaL  be  waa  mnvenaal  wiili  ibe  lran»arlion*  of 
(one  Inferior  d«p«rimeiiU  of  the  Male,  in  a  de^ee  wbkb  conid  not  be 
«]qM«t«d  with  iMpeet  to  any  indiTidoal  wbo  wai  not  himikelf  employed 
in  the  tnuiMrtion*  he  hn*  iiottcrH.  We  nlluilr,  in  pnnicular.  to  the 
knoalrd^  wbk-b  ihoir  I^ltcn  sbau'  of  rimU  lliat  bad  taktrn  placv  la 
the  war-olBcc  and  in  ili«  accrctary  of  xtBlea  afli«e,  and  to  the  acqaaiitt* 
auce  wbkh  the  atttbor  L-vtdcoUy  bud  with  pcfMni  known  oBly  to  tboae 
who  had  a  vii^w  of  ih«  iiib-rior  uf  tbmr  uffio-^  Now,  it  appears  fraw  the 
•hort  account  of  Sir  Phibp  Franei**!  life  which  w«  liair  already  fjWefit 
that  be  wu  euipWed  in  Ihr  war-offlce  IhNn  the  year  1763  till  1772; 
and,  con*e>)uently,  ilidi  he  was  always  upon  Ibe  cpot  at  the  time  when 
ihpar  letter*  «er«  sent  »o  regnhriy  and  rapidly  to  the  priM.  We  alM 
prrcciTf,  from  the  same  aoeoaai.  that  at  the  end  of  thai  time  he  waa 
wilt  M  a  aoTpreipi  to  India,  after  hacing  been  fin««d  to  leave  a  post  of 
£400  per  utBdm  in  tlie  war-ofluK>  about  «  twelvdnootli  before.  And 
we  also  know,  that  he  w**  eupcnrded  in  b»  poat  iti  the  war-olRco  by 
the  very  perxMi  to  whom  Junius  ha<  rfpratcUly  ihown  an  inrcteralo 
Mitipatby,  and  whom  we  may  be  »urc  Sir  Philip  reganln)  with  no  ftd- 
ings  of  good-will.  It  is  curiaa*,  iDdeed,  to  reiunrk  with  what  lort  of 
feeling*  a  pertoa  lik«>  Jddius,  who  eomidend  the  liif;bcsl  cbnnctera  ia 
Um  kii^om  M  not  gune  too  high  Ibr  him,  regarded  an  ordinary  olerfc 
who  had  been  pnt  into  hi*  place.  Wo  find  him,  accordingly,  deaccnd- 
lag  Lo  the  lowcM  ami  moat  ■nirriloni  invcclire  wheDOTer  he  towdiea 
upon  that  subject,  and  etideotly  uttering  tbr  Inngnoge  of  a  man  whose 
mind  iaagUated  briwern  oontempt  and  indignRtion.  fie  callal'liamier, 
Tony  Sbanmy — little  Shammy— a  tight  odire  litlte  M\ov — a  little 
gambling  tnvker — littk-  Waddlewdl— my  duckling — little  three  per 
crnis.  reduced — a  mere  scrip  of  n  iwcfvtary — an  omnium  of  all  tfaallt 
^nteeL  Bmlahaw,  who  was  eonnretnl  with  (ibomirr,  he  alio  meii- 
tiOH  aa  Tommy  Bndahaw,  the  CTrom-eoliniriKl  Mercury.  wboM  siater 
Misi  Polly,  UIm  the  nMO,  livre  upon  tbe  li^l  of  her  brother'a  enan- 
irn.ancp,  nnd  roba  hllB  of  no  small  pari  of  kia  luMre.  It  i*  okeiaiu  liow 
well  all  this  oomMpondi  with  ibt  suppoittion  of  Mr  Franda  Mng  the 
anihorof  the  Letter*;  and  how  impoostble  It  Is  (o  ocmeelre  what  oihcr 
motive  but  hi*  owit  lBte*Mt  in  ibb  ironsaetion  eonld  have  indaced 
Janiof  to  toil  hi*  (MfM  by  mcIi  frnjaent  and  acarriloM  raratMn  of  il" 

Tba  Mmc  writer  thus  nMioe*  the  correepondetic*  of  lemppr  wd 
eharactcr  beiwiit  tbe  masked  Junius  and  Sir  Philip :  ■■  We  eipert  that 
Jaaiua,  whencnT  be  shall  be  •tt-n,  shall  be  a  man  of  high  spiril,  bat 
peofaoUy  alMi  of  more  than  onlinary  impetnoaity  of  temper — kcooly  at- 

VII.  tf  u 


374 


POLITICAL  SBHIES. 


Uchrd  to  lib  own  notion*  and  Lii  own  |iaity — luokiog  with  ii 
(luia  Uj)un  all  uho  bold  opiuroit*  iiicooiptoiblv  »itl>  h'n      mad  • 
allow  no  ni«rit  to  any  cliaractor  ihat  u  not  mwked  iiy  (Jbe 
which  b«  hinwif  liaa  «Mumi>U.     \\'c  may  allow  M»n«Uiiag  fat  ^  h 
titioua  cbarseier  oodar  which  ifac  author  wrote:  but  we  nfircr  cm  W 
aatMfifd  thai  a  man  of  gentle  bolMtiit  and  of  a  forbearing  mind,  oMUb; 
any  mnnagniirnt  have  iBBuned  the  appcaranfe  of  tiic  tccopcr  wktf 
Uimc  Lcltrn  iIikIom'.     Oa  this  Bubj^t  «e  fchail  permit  Str  FUf  ■ 
■pifak  for  hidiaclf.     In  reference  to  bia  quarrel  with  Mr  llaiiin|,i.  k 
otMcTvm,  '  Wc  arc  buiti,  I  beliece,  men  of  a  temper  too  warn  M  b 
uapikble  of  huting  rututitiiient*.'     In  a  t|H>cch  dcliTrrcd   by  fain  tm  » 
other  occuioD,  he  olMerre*,  tbat  *it  win  hit  purpow  on  this  oeeanata 
My  *■  Ihinga  alrong,  kvptv,  and  pcraonal;"  and  if  ha  abould  be  Am^ 
19  oKCrcd  the-  bound*  of  modrrution,  lie  dcaircd  it  migbt  not  be 
to  a  haity  impnticncc  of  t4:inprr,  to  nliicli  he  wat  aupposed  to  tm' 
•ulijcct  than  otbcr  men  ;  Ibr  he  :iaid  ihrm  couUy  and  di-IitwrKtch, 
afinr  having  mntiirrly  rcfle«li-d  ou   ttidr  CBUM  and   on   tbeir  cm 
(|U(!nci«.'     Again,  v  hrn  he  na»  accuu-d  of  pladag  hini«vlf  oa  an 
ity  with  the  lawj'c-n  in  inatlcm  of  l«};al  opiuiou,  lie  rcbuta  tfae  etemj 
llic  following  manner: — '  Muuh  ha«  been  said  of  ni^  cliaracter,  naA 
of  my  IcmpiT.     1  huvi-,  by  oue  learned  geotteinao,  not    now  pr«a«at 
(llie  maitvr  of  iIir  rolls,)  been  ucctued  of  comparilig  uyaeir  witA  ha 
and  Willi  othrnof  hi«  ptolc«iioo.     Such  acomparifOD  I  never  |MaiiiB>< 
lo  iiiaki'.     Arragancp  is  oiii?  iIi)d|;>  passioii  is  aootfaer.     PasalMi  I  tmm 
em-  oonoeirud  to  be  an  hoiit^sl,  open,  and  manly  emotion  of  tiw  ni^ 
arrogance,  on  thu  coulrnry,  1  lak«  to  be  a  cold,  dclibenuc,  tbo«^htM 
riling.     I  may  have  made  u*c  of  warm  or  pOMionatc  lu^tjage,  perfaaab 
but  1  was  never  guilty  of  the  presumption  ud'amgaiioe  wfaick  kaM 
been  imputed  to  m«.'  " 

"  To  all  tbete  arguments,"  continues  tbi*  tmayiat,  "  it  nay  be  adM 
tliat  Sir  Philip,  during  nlnionl  the  whole  of  liii  long  life,  contioued  ite 
plan  of  writing  by  which,  a*  Juniu»,  he  ia  »o  well  known.  Scared* 
any  public  event  of  mooient  occurred  wiihovt  drawing  ^m  him  a  letter 
or  thort  pamphlet ;  and  the  fact  aeomi  lo  be,  tliat,  infimibic  a*  Jnam 
Iwa  loug  been  auppofed  to  have  been,  he  ha*  yet.  till  wiiliin  the  ImI 
four  y(«r>,  been  almoit  rt-guloriy  addrewing  the  public.  At  first  it  may 
•eeiu  wonderful,  that  while  oil  the  youth  of  Britain  are  early  isue^  m 
aduin  and  to  tludy  the  wrilingi  of  thin  author,  he  afaould  have  so  loic 
esiMeil,  aa  a  living  writer,  witliout  being  dele«:ied.  But  a  little  ivOtv 
tlon  will  abate  our  wonder ;  for  it  i»  to  be  remarked,  in  the  fjrtt  phrai. 
Ibal  Sir  Philip  no*  witlidrawn  from  this  country  (o  tlie  guvrniDMm  ol 
lailia  alwott  immediately  al\er  the  publication  of  llic  Leilen  of  Juuin* 
-—tliat  Ite  was  ihua  loat  lo  the  public  eye  during  a  *erie»  o(  yaar»,  and 
at  the  very  time  when  a  doire  lo  find  out  the  autlior  of  the  Letters  waa 
moat  intenae — llint  hia  youth  prcvenU'il  bim  from  being  nl  all  aUKicctcd 
-^ud  that  when  be  returned  to  tbi*  couutiy,  it  wa*  in  circuRMtasoei 
of  diaappoititment  and  dlagrace. — In  tlie  *eoond  place,  it  ought  to  b« 
remarked,  thai  tlie  coljeoM  luwa  which  Sir  Philip,  afler  bis  rvtnn* 
employed  hia  [len,  were  not  ofa  kind  to  draw  the  attention  of  mem  of 
all  raiika.  When  lie  wrote  as  Junius,  he  attacked  the  miniitry  (a  g^a- 
*nl — llic  prrmier  in  (wrtienlar — great  lorila  and  dukea  pcr«i>nallj_4^ 
kiofi  hlnaelf— and  both  bouiea  of  pailiament — and  the  public  aiteatipa 


PniOD.)  iOHK  PAtHM.  2?5 


[ 

m    ««s  drawn  to  l>u  wnling*  by  the  cimmiMkncc  of  Sir  William  Dnpnr 

'     atifl   othrr  njipoimoU    liaving  rndpavoumd    In  comlKIl  lii*    rea*oitiD):*. 

*      but  when  lie  eoRlinuril  hii  lucubnitiuiM  in  bii  own  iiamr,  it  was  eilbiT 

I     ihe  afftin  of  India  do  wliicli  Im  wrutr,  or  lotne  other  of  ilie  particohr 

I     newuKsaFguvcniuKTiit,  wiilrotil  iIh?  introUnetioDof  peraonaliliM.     Hi« 

k  dJutHittow  were,  tbnefore,  mtd  by  but  a  (im ;  and  pomoal  abvw 

W"  being  «at  of  the  qneMloii  wlien  tbe  auibor  appeared  in  hi*  own  cbane- 

'      (er,  Hun  waa  not  the  aanie  opportunily  for  the  introduction  of  that 

«ar«UB  whiob  Ibrms  m>  rvmatiable  a  feature  of  ibr  Lrttrn  of  Juniua. 

■*  To  all  the**)  rouidcratioRi  it  ia  to  be  added,  tbU  the  *ty\»  of  Jnniw  u 

B  not  of  that  obviod*  kind  which  atrikes  a  auperftcial  or  h*ity  nmder. 

V  JohiMon  wookl   infallibly  barp  bcm  rrcognMcd   nndcr  wbnlevrr  name 

'  be  had  wriitrn,  and  even  Burkn  eoobl  iiot  long  bare  lain  nonoealvd ; 

but  the  *tvln  of  .luniiii  mguirr*  to  be  more  earcfutlf  wcigbed;  aiid 

when  it  appeared  ai  the  prodndion  uf  Sir  Philip  Fmitca.  it  is  nol  lo 

be  wODdi'r<Ml  ttiut  it  iImmiM  not  have  bem  rvcoipiived,  coroii»g,  as  it  ihen 

didi  from  n  |)«rai>a  lo  whom  no  MMptoion  of  bia  being  Janiua  liad  emr 

attached." 

INotviihsianding  all  ihb  w«ight  of  eTideaw.  howerar.  Sir  Pfailip 
inainuinnl  hi*  denial  of  the  aDlhor*htp  of  ibcce  '  L«lters*  lo  the  laat. 
In  a  nDt<-  lo  tlw  c*)ilor  of  the  '  Montblj  ftlagnzine,'  on  the  mbject  of 
Ituaby'i  (lainpblrt.  of  whieli  a  review  waa  about  to  appear  in  that  pe- 
riodical. Nir  Philip  laiJ.  "  whntbrr  you  will  nsaiil  in  giving  enrreney  lo 
a  miilj-  nialif^nant  faltrliood.  ii  a  ()u<3tion  far  yoar  own  UixTciion."  S» 
lately  aa  DeciinbiT,  1817,  be  gioailivcly  drninl  that  bi-  vas  Ibe  niithor 
of  tbe  lellen  ni  (gucttioii;  and  in  a  eonTc!r»nlit»i  with  u  rriciid.  at  a 
period  whrn  an  aixiojl  of  baring  writlrn  ihitii  would  not  bavi>  been 
altt^nded  with  thx  U^tt  ilan^rr,  he  *lulrd.  ihnt  be  had  dcnirtl  lieiiif; 
Junius  until  be  wo*  weary,  and  would  amwrr  no  more  oucvlion*  on  thu 
tubjoct 


BOOH  a.0.  ITM/— ana  a.  Sl  ISIfl. 

Gaaar  Bkitaim  U  cbleAy  indeUnI  la  the  nlyed  of  ibH  hoMy  and 
Inperfecl  nolioc  for  that  odmirabl*-  t^  ti*'iii  of  mail*  by  whiub  eommii, 
BicMiod  ia  keyi  op  villi  *ueb  rvpnlity  anti  urii-n-in^  accurary  iM-twren 
every  part  uf  the  thni-  kia|tdo«na.  Jobo  I'ldnirr  was  boni  ii<  lUlli  in 
Ibe  yi-ar  1743.  Ilia  fallier  waa  a  beewer  in  tbnt  eily.  and  niilml  bitii 
to  follow  bia  own  humlilc  but  lueralive  profruion.  John,  huseiir.  had 
more  ambl lion*  idea*  in  bb  he*d  ;  and  jm^uadcd  bis  falbrr  lo  hniid 
over  lo  bim  ihe  entire  muMgeiMni  uf  ibc  Bath  thmir,  uf  wfaioh  bo 
had  beeome,  by  lome  niwxpacled  turn  of  fortnne.  the  prindpal  pro- 
prtetor.  In  tbo  apberc  of  manager  he  aueceeded  beyond  cten  bia  own 
dpeetotiona,  and  ibe  Bolb  *U^  under  the  KaMance  of  a  ^oung  nun 
itimty  oat  of  bia  toana,  became  Urn  erndle  of  dramatic  p^iu*.  Ho 
■oon  iAer  extended  hi*  rIktU  10  Briaiol.  and  rawed  tbc  protioHnl  alap e 
ibere  lo  a  rranreuM''  I'lnineoee. 

In  1782  Mr  I'almrr  pmrnlfd  a  nirmorial  to  the  Iflrda  of  tlir  tttn- 
•ury,  tn  wbichhe  pointed  oiKTarloui  rinprovrinenta  of  which  ht'  deemed 


979 


rOLITICAL  SEHIES. 


Ihc  pcH4-offici>  arrangemcnlt  Mwceptiblc.  The  minwi^v  of  tetff 
r.ivourable  lo  liis  propoMils,  uxl  tbe  Mlieiuc,  *o  Ctr  u  il  ■«  ftl 
iijjrralioi),  succeeded  bcyoDil  oveo  what  its  projnctor  h«d 
Iruin  it.  On  tbe  5th  of  May,  llSit,  ae  fii>d  Mr  Palnwr  mUn^t 
girimter  in  n  ktter  of  which  th«  following  U  an  cxtv^ct ;  **  Tic  i 
of  Ae  fif,  Sir,  I  believe,  has  rxcreded  both  vouts  sad  lfc»i 
(-xpectKlioo.  I  ant  Hurv  it  hu  my  owp  in  sontp  painl*.  tftov^  i 
olb«rs,  but  hn*  not  fallen  nhort  in  one.  A  rircumsliinrr,  I  beBi 
most  as  new  to  mlminiilrnlion  in  tbo  vnrinos  plans  thai 
lo  them,  nil  a  popnlnr  lax.  which  the  po*t-tnx  r««l|y  is.  wben  iti 
coinmodation  has  bcitn  Riven  nith  iL  It  incurred  i>a  now  ' 
inconvenienco  in  tbe  old  cilabliiihment,  even  in  tbe  trik),  but 
occationcd  by  th«  opporitiua  fmiu  the  gcnrml  office,  ft  c<»iT«k| 
mnils  in  httir  the  time  thi^y  usvA  to  bo.  Mill  guarded  undrr  nc 
that  will  in  n  great  uiuiuure  taforcc  tbemtclTci ;  and  wbvre  it  h 
varrieil  into  cicmtiou,  has  immedialelf  occastonrd  aa  iDcnawrf*) 
vrnur  to  the  poit-ufTive.  It  having  b«en  proved,  thiu  it  m  i 
■iblu  for  greuler  neglect  or  abuses  to  prevail  than  in  tbe  coodocti 
otil  post :  that  in  cons«{uenc«  of  il,  m  gr««t  sliore  of  tbe 
was  carried  on  by  conches,  to  the  detriment  of  the  poM  tvreaoai  i 
the  new  tax,  rouptcd  with  the  old  pUn,  would  bave  increaaed 
faleiuion,  which,  by  the  statements  given  in  to  tbe  Irpaaonr, 
lh«  Eceal  rraprovement  in  the  revenue  Irom  tbe  lax  upon  lb« 
posed  lo  the  old  cttablit'linieni.  has  been  very  fully  prored.  It  < 
promised  In  the  plan  to  give  the  improved  rxptdition  and  aenmlyl 
the  great  ronds  from  London,  and  some  of  Ihc  cross  roads,  for  tbefl^ 
mrnt  of  thrcepi'iioe  |irr  mile,  the  Allowance  fm  gnardn^  and  tbe  tMtIf 
tion  from  turnpike  [oil*.  The  contract*  arc  now  made  for  llie  glvM 
IKirloflhr  kingdom  for  the  allowance  of  guaida  and  Uic  t^zcmption  bea 
turnpike  loll*  only.  Likewise,  for  all  the  cross  postai  sis  limrs  a-w*tft> 
instead  of  three,  so  an  to  make  those  poets  as  regular  and  perfrct  ■*  A* 
gimentl  one.  This  accoaimuJation  will  ho  given  to  tbe  public,  and  Ike 
arrival  and  departure  of  the  naib  all  over  tbe  country  will  now  bt  cv 
gular.  expeditious,  and  safe,  on  pbin,  certain,  and  ainipic  prindfla^ 
instead  of  the  rrvene.  It  will  not  only  twre  nutny  lliouaonda  a-j^, 
in  the  expense  of  the  riding  work,  &c^  but  in  consequence  of  tbe  av^- 
rior  mode  of  conreyanoe  to  any  other,  add  greatly  to  tbe  nvato*,  Iw 
the  iiiomse  of  eorreapondenee  through  tbe  post-office  lu  tba  ly  .,„ 
of  ilie  business,  1  hare  had  evety  pouible  oppoMtioo  from  tbe  oAewi  I 
have  neither  spared  trouble  nor  expense  (o  inform  myself  ia  ^tyty  4^. 
partnent  of  it,  so  that  I  may  cany  my  plan  completely  into  exeeallM^ 
and  defeat  their  rv[>eat<sl  atlcmpla  lo  rain  it.  I  iiavc  been  pwftMlf 
open,  and  kept  no  one  *ecret  from  govemmcol,  or  liriircd  one  abiHm 
advantage  from  anj-  cnniraci,  but  acted  in  every  reipect  to  the  bi^  J 
my  judgment  for  the  limelit  uf  the  public;  nor  can  I  gain  tbe  l^al 
advaotoge  from  my  oKn-vineut  lill  I  have  completed  the  ploa  over  ibt 
whole  Ungdom,  a*  my  per  centage  from  the  incri^aieil  revenue  b*  |^ 
lu.  without  Ihc  accommodation,  will  not  pay  tbe  very  great  r¥|niwa 
I  am  obliged  lo  incur  in  the  eatablishing  iL" 

Mr  Palmer  wa*  now  aiipointed  surveyor  and  cum  pi  roller  •grneral  of 
the  po*l-o|Ho<'.  In  ihii  utuation  he  hod  lo  eneuuuter  the  detcrmliMd 
koaiiliiy  of  Lord  Walslngbam,  the  poat-ntaMcr'Scncrel,  and  ell  bi*  a«b> 


1 


i 


ruiM^] 


JORF  pjltHSll. 


277 


P 


onIiniil4!« :  and  nvcn  tlic  govcmmrril  nppraml  unwilling  lo  fdlil  tU 
<irit;iiuit  coKBgctnont  witli  liim.  *'  On  tliin" — «ayt  the  wriirr  of  (he  no- 
tice ulbi*  life  in  tbe  '  AtinDiit  Obituary,'  roL  ir. — "in  1797,  Mr  I'niintr 
applied,  by  putiliuQ,  to  i>ic  hoaae  ot'  ooniniun*,  and  a  comniilloe  wu 
nominatiK)  to  report  on  tin-  cauim  of  bin  iu>pcn»ion,  nnil  alio  on  Ibc 
iiature  of  his  agreement.  Mr  Pierrepoint,  in  a  rciy  able  ipcwch,  pointed 
out  thd  ni«rit8  and  succeM  of  Mr  Palmer's  piao,  which  vrtiu  atlciul^d 
with  thia  peculiarity,  (hot  in  case  of  &i]ure>  be  wu  to  ri^ccivc  uo  preu- 
niBfy  indeniniflcalion,  itnd  no  nrimbDnenient  for  liia  exptaiiea.  During 
lh«  forty  years  preceding  hh  intervention,  notwiihtttanding  tlie  grint 
iiM:r<-n<e  of  trade  and  mannlhcturcii,  the  nelt  revenue  of  liie  posl-offlce 
bad  cxprrienced  no  in<Truc  tihnl«vcT,  exe«pl  what  wm  neccMarily  de- 
rived by  the  rnhanccimriit  of  the  rnte  of  pottage,  and  restriction  of 
frank*;  on  thi;  contrary,  tndi:cd,  Uking  an  avrmgc  of  the  nine  yoora 
prvcediii);  thu  n««  plan,  it  had  actually  cxpnricncrd  a  dccrcoM;  of 
£13,198  13s.  per  annum.  Atlur  tlie  lint  gUam  of  ■uccm,  the  projm* 
tor  was  ubiiged  lo  submit  to  a  new  agn'tmenl,  by  which  ho  lout  £750 
per  annum,  but  thi«  was  to  be  followed  by  L-ri-ry  possible  facility  in  tbe 
fbrtherance  of  hit  uldniule  designa.  And  y«t,  thv  coinuiiiatODm  ap- 
pointed by  lli^  house  of  comiuons  to  iuijuirt.'  into  this  Tcry  subject,  n- 
ported,  ikat  Mr  Palmer  had  experienced  'oppositiua  from  the  oldeM 
and  ablMt  officer*  in  tbe  service,  who  represented  hi«  plan  Dot  only  lo 
lie  impraoticablo,  but  dangerous  lo  commerce  and  the  revcone;*  and  it 
«-aa  neverihclcM  added,  'that  be  has  caceeded  the  expectation*  which 
lie  hcJd  forili  in  bin  fimt  pro|>o«al,  both  with  regard  lo  dmpaich  and 
espcnac.'  Thry  fitrthpr  sinte.  that  the  country  ha*  derived  great  nd- 
vantage  by  the  n«w  tehcrae;  while  the  post-office  roveooe  bod  io- 
crvoaod,  aince  I7H3,  to  the  amount  of  nearly  half  a  million  I  Mr 
Sheridan,  on  this  occaaion,  aupported  the  prctcn'ioiu  of  the  claimant  in 
a  very  brilliant  speech  ;  in  the  counc  of  which  be  cxpmued  himself  aa 
fciUowi :  ■  Nooc  but  an  eiilbuitaat  could  have  iniugiiied  or  Ibrroed  aaeh 
a  pbn ;  none  but  an  rnlhusiaitt  could  have  made  such  an  agreement ; 
none  but  an  entbuiiiut  could  have  carried  it  into  execution  :  and  I  am 
confident,'  aildi  be,  '  that  no  man  in  this  country,  or  any  othor,  could 
hnt-e  pcribnned  sue.h  an  uiidcrtalci[ig>  but  that  very  indiTJdaal  John 
Wluier.*  Or  Lawrcore  also  observed,  in  the  course  of  a  Tcry  cnc^elic 
barangue,  wliicli,  like  the  former,  proved  ineffectual,  '  That  it  wa*  to 
be  apprehended,  from  what  he  had  beard  and  what  ho  knew,  that  men 
o(  UlcBls,  who  migkt  hereafter  b«  willing  to  employ  tbeir  geniuo  and 
tbdr  industry  in  the  aervicc  of  the  public,  would  diiniTer,  that  Mr 
Palmer  had  one  fault  greater  than  any  which  hnd  bwn  preyed  ^tainsl 
him.  This  was  the  fault  of  an  oier-hasty  and  impratident  m«I,  lo  do, 
without  regard  to  hi*  owa  interests,  wbativcr  gooil  it  was  iu  his  power 
to  achieve  for  his  couniry.'  N'or  ouglit  it  to  be  here  omiiied,  (bat  tha 
joint  poatiBBatam-geaeral,  with  whom  h«  bwl  many  disputes  and  ooo- 
U-Rtioiw,  on  being  required  (o  deliver  tboir  opinion  as  to  faia  motivic*, 
readily  exhibited  the  most  ampin  t/^iimonr  on  brlialf  of  hia  charsictar 
and  InUgrJIy.  At  lenglb  Mr  Pnlnirr,  alli-r  an  interval  of  tome  yeara, 
datamiDcd,  undismayed  by  hi»  furmcr  defeat,  lo  apply  once  more  to 
parliaiiMint  for  rodresa;  niitl  it  must  be  allowed,  thai  lie  Dcrer  displayed 
Kmler  per*e\-cnu>cc  aail  abiUtke  than  upon  Ibk  occuioD.  He  had 
lakeii  care  to  make  hi*  pretenakMia  known  from  one  eod  of  tbe  kingdom 


S7B 


PObtTIClL  SBBIKS. 


to  another ;  be  canvutcd  atmoat  every  tncnibcr  oT  _ 
Ity  himself  or  others,  and  m  hi*  cjibbc  was  KomS,  and  hi*  Hail 
ciithuflio^in,  the  b«»t  founilpd  hnp<«  were   ei>t<?rtajri<rd  of  non« 
diti^st  «oii,  Mnjor  (now  Licutciinnt-coli>i>e)}  Piilratr,  whohMli 
him  ns  M.  P.  ti>r  Bath,  wn>  intruiUHl  viih  llii-  itianagvntnlof  i 
caio  nnd  intcrrstiiig  bucincM.     Amonlmgly,  ou  Mxy  I2tli,  lUb  tl 
committrn  of  thi--  whole  bouw,  >tW  a  short  intnMJuctory  ffMdi  ■• 
Riovcd  by  him,  '  That  this  houiu  b  of  ojiinion,  tliat   Mr  Pttivt  ■ ' 
titled  to  £'i   lUs.  \tvr  cvut.  on  thu  uc-tt  rvvrnue  of  the  jmu-oAe.' 
cwitii));  the  !uiii  uf  £240,000,  to  be  paid  up   froni  tbc  5tb  d  i 
1793,  and  during  hh  life,  according  to  the  provisiotu  of  hii 
mcnl   of  1789  J  deductiog  the  sum  of  £30OO    n-year,    rcucin^'i 
quantly  lo  the  5ih  of  April,  17!>3.'     Thia  firuponition  was  oftp^k 
Meairs  Long  and  Kotf,  the  chauoellor  of  ihv  rxch(i{ucr,  and  fci 
tomey-gcneral ;    but   mipporlcd   by   Lord    IK-nry    Pvity.   Sir 
liiirdel^  Mr  Wiodhom,  &c.;  and,  after  a  Ion;;  debate,  corrial  > 
ministers  by  a  majority  of  86.     Id  b  committee  of  supply,  lean  ' 
Moii  after  given  lo  bring  in  n  bill  to  Mcurc  to  Ihw  »ubiect  of  iW  i 
moir  the  Wncfits  of  the  lute  vote;  and  it  hm  aoon   after  niffTtd  mI 
carrictl,  '  that  a  sum  nut  exceeding  £54,702  0».  7d.   be  graoted  u  u  1 
niBJMty,  to  be  paid  to  Juhu  Paluii-r,  'Eaq.,  being  the  bttlanoe  of  lkf# 
cfiitngi!  due  to  hini  on  the  iiett  revenue  of  the  post-oflice',  ftnai  ik  J 
of  April,  17S3,  lo  the  Sth  of  January.  1808.'  " 

Mr  Pidioer  died  in   1818.     A  liigbur  cukigiam   caiDnot  poMb^l 
paid  iban  what  oceuri  in  the  lainules  of  the  eridpncv  of  ^fr  ~ 
Krccling,  nbo  now  lo  worthily  preside*  overtfae  post.otl)(-<'  ileiH 
"  I  nl«aj'«  canci<irrd  I  wa*  beiti  MTviDg  llie  iotereats  of  Ibr  publi^l 
following  the  ptaiiB  laid  down  by  Mr  Palmer." 


^ir  Kfrt)(irli  itltiegrflbr. 

Ma«  A.D.  I7&7.— MM  A.D.   IHta. 

'  Tub  Mui>gmve»  are  of  Englisli,  or  rather  Nomiati  (Ifsoent,  bai  a 
brand)  of  them  vnrly  M-ltled  in  Inrlaixt,  of  whuoi  the  subject  of  iW  Mi^ 
tnii  notice  was  d<.-M?eiidrd.  Wi-  find  Mr  Mungmre  in  c«riv  lifc  at 
active  member  of  the  Irish  pnrliamenc,  in  which  be  uRHbrmly  TuprnrtiJ 
govemnw-nt.  Hi*  excrtioni  were  rewarded  by  on  apfioin intent  to  a 
very  lucrative  officr,  the  rollcctorship  of  the  Oobtio  city  excMe,  ^ 
uith  a  title.  On  the  2(1  of  December,  17HS,  he  wM  creal«d  «  tiaraMi 
by  the  style  and  title  of  Sir  Hichnrd  Musgrvvc  of  Liunore  tn  Ibe  tinmn 
of  Wfsford.  While  nhcrifl'  of  hU  county  he  oniM«l  great  *ignvt  ^rf 
determination  in  following  up  the  plans  of  governmcflt  and  rufbrvJM  • 
•Uict  execution  of  the  lawa.  There  in  a  strange  story  tokl  of  bb  haTW 
on  one  occasion  actually  otBcinicd  as  liangman  when  no  one  oanU  k»> 
band  to  undertake  tbe  odioui  oHioe  t  On  tba  braakiog  out  of  iIm 
Irbb  ri-licllion.  Sir  Itichani'i  m-oI  ontilrippcd  bia  pnulrnce,  and  (W 
government  won  obliged  to  diKtaim  him  on  nrcmml  of  tbe  obnoxiaaa 
•eaiinnib  which  he  iniroductrd  into  his  '  .Mi-nwir*  of  ibc  KehHIion,*  at 
tba  very  monw-nl  when  llic  English  ministiy  wcie  pulling  liirtli  all  Ibcjr 
I'nergici*  In  |iraniatc  a  aoion  betwixt  the  tvo  coiuilrio.  Sir  Rtcliartl 
dusl  ill  lets. 


J 


l*(MOI>.l 


7n 


Cfi^rlrs,  Buftt  of  Micljmonti. 

MM  A.D.  ITM.— MCD*.II.  1819. 

CharleSi  son  of  Lord  Gcorf^e  Lenox  by  Lady  Ixuim  Kotr,  daugfa* 
tcr  of  the  marquess  of  Lotliiaii,  va*  born  in  1764.  Ml*  («rly  predi- 
lections were  for  the  army,  snd  lu-  obtainciJ  a  commiMun  iii  tbc  Cold- 
BtMBm  guartb,  of  whicb,  in  1795,  be  Inrcami^  Rotoiw-'l.  In  1803  he  «a« 
nomlDSted  to  the  commanil  of  tiie  3&th,  uiid  in  1814  he  altainod  tlw 
rank  of  general.  His  duel  with  tiie  duke  of  York,  white  an  oflicor  in 
lh«  guards,  lias  been  niready  notiuud- 

When  his  falhcr  retired  from  the  reprtaMilallon  of  Suiiicx,  hi!  suc- 
ceeded to  hts  seat,  nnd  gave  liis  support  to  Pitt's  sdniiiiiBtration.  In 
1783  he  married  Lady  Charlotte  Gonlon,  daughter  of  tlic-  duke  of 
Gordon,  by  whom  he  hail  fourteen  children.  In  1808  he  was  appointed 
viceroy  of  Ireland,  which  dignity  he  held  for  tbo  space  of  sin  yeuiv, 
Hb  admitiistrfttion,  with  the  present  duke  of  Wellington  as  his  secre* 
tarj',  was  not  very  unpopular  in  Ireland:  although  it  is  alleged  liial  hb 
pace's  iiiHuencc  was  chieSy  cxertised  through  tlie  hospitAlities  of  bis 
Mbte. 

Ou  quitting  Ireland,  bis  f^nux  and  bmily  removed  to  Brussels:  and 
both  he  and  his  son,  the  present  duke  of  Itichmond,  accompanied  the 
duke  of  Wdlingtou's  suit«  to  the  fiejd  of  Waterloo.  Soon  aller  this 
cvfoit,  the  duke  was  appointed  governor-general  of  British  North 
Anwrlca.  His  admin  in  ration  commenced  auspiciously,  but  was  Mon 
terminated  in  a  verj'  melancholy  manner.  It  apjiears  that  his  gmoe. 
wbo  wks  exceediogly  fond  of  tame  animals,  had  reoeived  a  sli^'ht  scratch 
from  a  tnme  fos,  or  a  Inp-dog.  No  evil  symptoms  inanifested  them- 
selves (or  several  weeks,  and  the  accident  had  been  entirely  forgotten : 
but  on  the  morniug  of  the  S5th  of  August,  1819,  his  rnkt,  on  entering 
his  sleeping  apartment)  "found  him  atarmod  at  the  apprnrnncc  of  tome 
tre^s  wbicb  were  near  a  window  where  he  »tept,  and  which  be  insisted 
were  pcoplr  looking  in  ;  and  shortly  al^rrwanU,  when  a  basin  of  water 
wu  prraentcd  to  liim,  lie  exhibited  eTidciit  abhorrence  at  the  sight  of 
it ;  and  on  icvernl  other  occasions  on  that  tUy  and  oo  the  36tli,  tlie 
tome  lymptom*  were  but  too  obvious  wbeocrer  any  liquid  was  presented, 
and  wliicli,  it  now  appeared,  his  grace  partook  of  with  extreme  reloc- 
taoce.  On  tbui  ilay  at  dinner  he  had  mgiirjcted  Lieutenant-colonel 
Cockbnmr  to  take  mnc  with  him ;  but  his  grace  had  no  sooner  lifted 
Ihe  liquid  to  hi*  lip*,  than,  unable  to  control  the  violenoe  of  bis  discoiie, 
hr.  replaced  the  glas*  on  the  table,  obxTt'ing,  '  Now,  bi  not  this  exces- 
sively ridiculous?  Well,  I'll  take  it  when  I  don't  think  of  It-'  Tlw 
same  (evening,  an  ajBittant-*uTgcon,  the  only  one  in  tbe  Ticiatly,  was 

»*ent  for,  wbo  bled  him  ;  and  his  excellcnoy  futind,  ap]Mrratly,  to  niucli 
rdief  from  it,  that  he  rose  early  tbc  n4!Xt  morning,  uul  proposed  walk* 
fan  through  Richmond  wood  to  tbc  new  ■cttlcment  of  that  name.  He 
VA,  in  his  prt^frrsa  through  tlic  wood,  storied  off  at  licariiig  a  dog 
kiric,  and  was  with  difficulty  overtaken  t  and  ou  the  party's  arrival  at 
the  skirts  of  the  wood,  at  the  sight  of  some  stagnant  water,  his  grace 
hastily  leaped  over  a  finioe,  and  nisbed  into  an  adjoining  baxii,  whitbcr 


I 


PAtlTICJin.  SKRIM. 


hi*  diimayeil  com {lan  ions  captrTy  tiilUnn-.i  him.  TIip  paroxj'Km  of  Iiin 
i]iaoriI(L-r  uas  uuw  lU  iln  Imight.  It  wiis  nliiiosl  ii  iniruclc  tliut  tits  graco 
(lid  not  die  iu  llic  barn.  H<?  wai  wiiii  liilKciilly  rcmuvcd  tua  niim-niblc 
hovel  in  the  nc iplibourliood ;  nnd  furly  in  ihe  iiioriiiiig  of  tiie  faUl  !i&lli, 
till?  diikc  of  Ilirbinoinl  txpirtrd  iu  llie  anuu  ofa  faithful  Swim,  wlio  had 
nrvrr  quitted  liis  beluii-d  nioiili-r  fur  a.  iiioiiiecil.  WliiUt  ill  ihiit  iiiiii«r- 
abb'  lo)t>bDli  reason  occasionally  resumed  her  empire;  and  his  griic« 
uccoiiliiifjlr  av^Ied  himself  of  these  lucid  intervals  to  adilrcM  k  teller 
to  Lady  Mary  Lenoi ;  in  which  he  reminded  her  that  n  rnvourlte  dog, 
belonging  lo  lite  houwhotd,  b«ing  in  o  room  nt  the  cnstlo  of  ttt  I.>oai«, 
>l  >  tine  (tivn  nionth*  brforp.)  when  the  duke,  shaving,  cut  bin  rbin. 
ihe  d(%  WM  lined  up  to  lick  ihi?  wound,  when  the  nnimal  bit  hi*  pmce's 
chin.  Tli«  recollection  nl'  rhii  riri:unistaiice  gave  bii  grace  but  too 
sure  a  prvictitimcnt  (ihc  dog  baviti^  mbsequcntly  ran  uuii)  of  his 
approaching  iiiic ;  and  hii  graci-,  Ilicrcrorc,  in  hi*  letter  to  Lady  Mary, 
cxjarcMcd  hi>  conviction,  (which  indi'rd  appcnra  an  irresistible  eonclu- 
■ion,)  thiit  iiii  diitordrr  wo-i  liydruplioUiu.  His  grace  recommeiidi-d  lite 
line  nf  conilui^t  Iu  bf  obni-rvud  by  liis  children  in  the  painful  «ituation 
in  which  thc-y  wuuld  be  placed  m  Iuh  di/utli ;  und  it  in  laid,  re<)ucslr(l 
In  be  Uiirieil  in  (jui-bec  on  the  ruulparta  like  a  suldier,  there  to  reinaiD. 
Hii  grace's  sufferings  were  extreme;  j-et  liia  mind  soared  above  agony. 
Ho  directed  Colouel  Cockburne  ool  lo  attend  to  his  oniem  aiiy  lungt-r; 
'  For  you  set,'  said  ibe  grt-ot  man,  '  the  siHie  I  am  reduced  to;'  wti). 
during  a  paruiVBin  of  paia,  be  esdaimt^d,  '  For  shame.  Richmond  I 
Shame,  Charles  Lenox  I  Bear  yoar  sufferings  like  a  manl'"  Tbi* 
painful  scene  was  soon  closed  by  death.  His  grace  died  ou  Ihe  26lh 
of  August,  1S19,  and  was  interred  in  (he  eatliodrtil  church  of  QucIn-c 
"  The  death  of  his  grac*>"  soys  a  Canadian  writer,  "  was  fell  by  the 
iiibabilanis  of  Canada  as  a  sensible  calamity  ;  for  Ins  grace's  benevolent 
■nd  ingenuous  disposition  had  endeared  him  to  the  people,  and  tlie 
general  lone  and  cliaracter  of  his  admin istrutlou  met  with  the  cordial 
concurrence  of  thos?  who  were  betit  capable  of  appreciating  ita  eflect*. 
From  the  system  which  his  grac«  has  pursued  since  lus  arrival,  there 
can  bo  no  doubt  of  his  ardent  licurc  to  elevate  these  colonies  to  a  rank 
worthy  bis  great  ambition.  To  o^iicullurc  h«  has  g^veu  au  additioiuJ 
impidnc  by  his  liberal  jutronage  nnd  co-operation  with  eaisling  soctetic*. 
The  husbandman  ij  now  punuing  his  on  wilh  the  leal  of  au  impatient 
rival;  what  was  belbre  a  dull  and  laborious  routine  of  unproductive 
dutie»,  has  now  become  the  pleai:>Rjr  nnd  lucrative  employment  of  lau- 
dable competition.  Canals  hnvi-  been  projected,  and  were  already  Id 
progresa  under  tlie  anspicei  of  this  grcnt  mnn ;  and  there  can  bo  little 
doubt  of  his  intentioii  to  have  intcrsectctl  llic  wholi?  country,  and  int- 
provcd  tlk'  advuiiiages  which  nntiirr  hiis  bestowed  with  a  bountiful  lib- 
erality. While  Ihus  employed  in  luying  the  basis  for  an  elegant  super* 
slruciure,  he  has  been  diligent  io  adopting  thr  necessary  precautions  to 
secure  it  from  ihe  grat^p  of  onmi.voradiiuii  nmhition.  The  various 
fortificalions  which  border  lU  ihrcihoh!  ainudy  hid  defiance  to  Ihe  nio»t 
determined  oggressor ;  and  while  hupptneu  in  smiling  within,  «he  en- 
joys the  peaceful  repose  of  conscious  security.  His  benevolence  was 
an  object  of  general  admiralion,  and  his  amiable  endowmente  and  con* 
ciliniing  mannerH  had  cndeHrrd  him  lo  his  family  and  friends.  In  pub- 
lic life  ho  was  steady,  Rrm,  and  decisive  in  his  measures.     He  trns  uc- 


I 
I 


•^  If 


MIOB^.]  CHAHI.B*,  DUKS  OP  ktWCLCUOH.  SSt 

ccssible  tt>  bII  wIio  ehoM  lo  prrfrr  thrir  complaint*  ro  bioi :  nod  <rlwn 
be  wtui  compellMl  to  nfiiitr  thrir  pnycn,  he  oniioiKly  MuHirri  to  con* 
vcy  thnt  rcruinl  in  trrnu  Ibc  leait  nnptviLiiiif;  to  the  ^'ling>  af  tlie 
applicant.  In  prit-me  lifi-,  bin  affiible  coi)ili!«.'tntiu[i  wai  Kntify'iag  to 
4II  around  him ;  and  lUlbougli  li^  c«uld  dmceud  to  the  svriul  iutercoane 
of  Ibv  domutit^  circle  bv  ui'vvr  lo«l  fri|>ht  of  that  natit<^  digiitly  which 
rep«Il«d  improper  Ubertieti  and  checked  th<>  forward.  In  eariy  life, 
devotM  from  choice  <o  the  profcMion  of  amw,  ho  evinced  tbiU  moM 
voIiinWc  of  all  qualilict  in  nn  officer. — the  power  of  eeciiring  th«  a(- 
tnchment  of  ihoac  under  him.  And  when  he  aftcrvanU  come  10  bo 
cni|>luyril  in  the  rooro  ditficull  and  cuinplcjt  diilica  of  n  ruler,  he  per- 
formed the  oHice  »o  ai  to  secure  him  ibe  <ritrcni  and  conlidtTace  of  hM 
vuvcrpigD,  and  the  ardeiii  atiachment  of  tliooe  |>eopU!  over  wbom  lie  mt 
placed.  A  itribtD];  iustancc  of  ihU  was  evinced  in  hii  appotntnvnt  ■* 
lord-lieateiiaiit  of  Ireland.  At  a  lime  when  conteodin^'  partiee,  and 
dinconlcnied  individual,  dbtractnl  the  public  mind  in  thai  couolry,  hit 
grace's  behaviour  »oon  produced  the  bapfHc*!  r<:«u1t.  IIi>  aflhbia  cod- 
deMH'tiuon  pIraMHl  all  parlio :  his  coaildrnce  joined  tbeir  catccni ;  and 
they  Hiun  discovered  that  Ibe  chief  aim  of  his  ndmiuitt ration  von  to 
reliere  their  distrcMO  and  promote  their  happiness.  At  the  pmenl 
lime,  though  twelve  years  have  elapsed  since  his  apjKiintuient  lo  thai 
oAcv,  the  annlreraary  of  the  arrival  of  Ibc  daiie  of  Richinoud  in  Irr- 
lukd  atill  eoDiinue*  to  be  cricbntlcd  in  that  MNintiy  with  tli«  wamiust 
enUiiuitHii,  and  most  graiilying  recollection  of  the  event.  And  this 
we  conaidrr  a  higher  tritrate  to  his  memory  ibiin  ■  sioriH  urn*  or  mou- 
nmenul  e]Htiipti*  can  ever  perpetuate." 


Ctmtirs,  Qu&r  of  |}urrlrtigD< 

aoan  s.  D.  I7T3.— aiKB  «.  o.  inso 

Witiixy  Scwrx  Dovcla*.  Duke  of  Bucclcugh  and  Qucenibcny, 
was  borti  ia  1779.  He  married  Harriet,  dau]il»er  of  Vbcovnt  SytJiMy, 
And  nceeeded  to  the  family  titles  and  eatalea  in  I9\i.  He  did  Qot 
long  tiy>!f  hh  liooour*,  haviof*  fidleii  a  victim  to  a  lung^threalcDcd  pul* 
iponary  id^tloii  In  1820.  His  weak  slate  of  health  rflmlered  bb  life 
Comparatively  a  privata  ono,  if  indeed  a  man  of  his  unbounded  weialtli 
aail  Influence  could  be  said  to  enjoy  privacy  at  all.  Sir  Walter  Soolt 
has  sketclicd  bis  oobic  mlalivo's  charncter  in  a  very  pleasiog  manner. 
Tbe  Ibllooioft  ii  an  pslract  from  bb  eulo^-: 

"  As  a  public  mun,  the  duke  of  ItucclruKh  waa,  like  his  htbor,  un- 
cerety  altaehed  lu  the  priocipln  of  Mr  Pitt,  which  he  supporied  oo 
every  oocaaion  with  spirit  and  eiMrgy,  but  witliotit  virulenc*  or  preju- 
diee  against  those  who  lield  different  opinions.  He  held  that  honouTt 
loyally,  and  good  faith,  allbougb  old-fhabtuned  wotrU,  expwed  mora 
bnppily  ih*  (lutlea  of  a  umb  of  rank,  than  llic  newer  dcnoiBinaliooa 
which  hare  MMnellAM  been  swhatiluh-it  for  tltrm.  He  was  a  patriot  in 
Ibe  noblest  aenae  of  tbe  woni,  boldiof;  thai  ibi-  country  bail  a  right  to 
the  Itttt  Mro  of  fcb  estate*,  and  ibe  last  drop  of  his  blood  1  a  debt  which 
.  lie  praptwd  aerloosly  to  rewler  tn  lur,  when  Ibcre  was  an  expectation 
'thai  tbe  mniilry  would  be  invadnl.     Wbtle  Lord  Ualkeiih,  he  sat  in 

VII.  S  K 


38S 


POUTICAL  AKRICS. 


I  pacuti 


the  bmwe  of  commoM :  we  wc  mx  mwmrv  thai  be  ^ok« 
twice  In  Mlkrr  boiuc  of  |MriiamcDt ;  Uit  «•  pr«Mdcn(  of  p«Uc 
be  often  MpmMid  himKir  witli  an  rase,  spint.  and  bCdft,  alii 
lilllc  ()ouU  that  liis  lUcccM  would  bare  been  r  filliilll  lahli  il"     " 
nil  grw.c  «tu  for  m*ny  yean  colouiJ  of  tbe  DmimhtentiK 
or  militia,  the  dutie*  of  wbicb  Biiualion  be  pcribrmed  vU  tta 
rcguUrily,  iboiring  a  turn  Tor  military  aAin  ■•  well 
to  tliMUi  wbicb  would  hare  raiaed  him  high    id  Um  |w<BCBHiM.t 
•itaolioD  pennill<-d  him  to  adopt  h.     Tiiat  it  woaM  bavc  faas  l» 
wa«  undoubted,  for  the  miliury  art,  both  ia  tbeoiy  and  ■ 
tail,  fonned  hi*  £iTourii<!  itudy. 

"Th«inanagein«iitor  thi-  duke's  vnry  extrntitE  c 
on  (he  plnn  rf^omracnded  by  his  father '■  exwri<^nce,  sod  wVci  ak 
ruliairiy  calru1at4!d  to  aroid  the  evil  of  rac][-nrDiin|-,  aiiicfc  hM  ka 
fraught  itiih  tueh  m'tUontioe  to  Scotland,  aii<i  to  avcnre  tb«  { 
intciwt  both  of  teosot  and  landlord.     No  tenanta  un  tbc  I 
ratate.  who  ooiilioued  wonhy  of  patrouage,  were  ever  tlcpnvarf  tli^ 
farm*;  and  acaroe  any  hnvc  voluntarily  rolin(|uufacd   tbe 
Ihcni.     To  improve  hi*  Inrgc  property  by  building,    by- 
great  eit«nli  by  every  riiuiuragciiiciit  to  agriculture,  «a 
grace**  mort  Mfioua  umployiovDt,  and  hu  principal  m^n 
eitate  of  QueeDsbcrry,  to  wliich  be  »ucM:cciled,  aliboogh 
£30^000  to  £40,000  yearly,  afforded  to  the  duke,  owin|[  to 
ciramutanci*,  K'At<!i:  the  >i»th  |)art  of  tbe  lesser  aooi,      Y^t  be  Mt  ^ 
repaired  thctnagRifiecntc-^tleor  Diutulanrig,  *'"'  ""rmnpliahcJ.  ^tft 
Ihu  few  yean  lie  pouu^wied  it.  the  retloratioa,  with  rcry  laqn  aMttH 
of  ihoae  RXleii»vc  pluDtaiiuiiii  which  had  be*.-n  laid  waste  durii^  ibtt 
of  the  last  proprietor.     We  liuve  reaaou  to  think  tltal   (be  dokl  <» 
piTodi-d,  on  tbJa  alngltf  oalati:,  in  repairing  tbe  iojuriea  wbicb  it  had  i» 
loiDi-d,  not  IcM  tbao  ejgbt  times  the  income  lie  derived   fnm  n,    Bi 
wn*  an  eiilliusiaxtic  planti-r,  ami  penonnlly  underaiuud   ibc  qnalin  mt 
proper  trratiiicnt  of  furcil- timber.     For  two  or  tlirc«  yct/n  bmI  to 
grace  extended  liia  attention  to  thit  breed  of  caltle>  aitd  otber  i^tW- 
toisl  aperimeiiis. — n  pleasure  which  cucceeded,  to  aooie  d^nc.  M 
tbatof  Seld-aports.  towhich,  while  in  full  health,  hewaimurb  aJdiinJ 
Such  were  tbe  prineipal  objeeu  of  the  dulic'it  cspenM',  with  |he  ^^Jj^y^ 
of  that  of  a  houMhold  auitable  to  hi*  dignity ;  and  what  rffoct  audi  * 
espeodiluru  muu  ha**  produced  on  the  country,  may  be  conmtowJ 
by  the  following  oircuraalancc : — In  the  year  IB17,  when  the  poor  mm! 
ao  much  in  need  of  employ  men  (,  a  friend  aikcd  tbe  dnkc  why  hb  araea 
did  not  propoae  to  go  to  London  ia  tJic  spring  ?     By  way  uf  SMwtt. 
tho  duke  showed  hint  a  ItUof  day-labourer*,  then  employed  in  itaptm^ 
mentt  upon  ht«  different  e»ta(«*,  the  number  of  whom,  exclusirc  of  ba 
re|(ular  establish  men  t,  amounted  to  nin«  hundred  and  forty-aeven  ptt> 
Min>.     If  we  allow  to  each  labourat  (wo  penotH  whoie  lupport  depended 
on  bia  wages,  the  duke  was,  in  a  manner,  foregoing,  during  tbU 
ycMr,  the   privik-iie  of  hii   nuik,  in  ordnr  to  provide  with  tnor« 
■MMW  for  a  little  aruiy  of  near  three  thousand  pi-rsom,  many-  of 
niwt  oiherwise  have  luund  il  difficult  to  obtain  lubaiilence.      Tbe  riwMll 
of  aoeb  oonduct  i«  twice  blesaed,  botli  iu  the  meuiiB  wbicb  it 
and  In  the  end  wbicb  il  attain*  in  tbe  general  improvemoit 
country. 


PauoB.] 


CHARLU,  DltKI  OF  BCCCLEDOa. 


h 


k 


» 


"Id  Ilia  domestic  relalion*,  n«  a  husband, ft  •on,  >  brother,  iod  ft 
folhor,  no  rank  of  )lf>-  rouli]  rxhibit  a  pattern  of  tondcrtiPM  and  aiTeclioa 
eiipcrior  to  (hat  of  tVm  iliikc  of  Buoplrugli.  He  ncpmcd  only  to  live  for 
hiK  family  iiiiil  lii*  IHcnils;  nud  tliuM  who  wilDcMcd  hi*  dumiilic  hop- 
|)infn  <-uii  nlnno  cstiniule'  ttjc  (rxtent  of  tlia  prtiMUit  dcprivBtiou.  He 
wu  B  kinil  and  grniTous  inastt^r  to  lii»  nuuittoun  Iiouatbuttl,  and  vru 
rewnrdcd  by  llidr  sincury  altaclimi-nt. 

"  In  the  Binircriiy  and  stcadin«M  of  hi*  friendship  he  was  unrivalled. 
His  iiiliinatifB.  whi'Llicr  tbrmcd  in  early  days,  or  ituriu);  bis  miltlary 
life,  or  on  other  occasions,  he  held  »o  MCred,  tliat,  fur  from  listening  to 
any  insinuations  against  an  aboont  friend,  he  would  iiot  with  patienoe 
hear  him  ceu«urcd,  eveg  for  rc«l  faults-  The  duke  of  Buccleugh  also 
secured  the  iiioU  lastii^  ttttochmcnt  on  llie  part  of  his  iriniJiIeti.  by  the 
value  which  he  placed  upon  the  ntnccrily  of  tbeir  regard.  Upon  one 
occasion,  when  tbe  duke  had  brcn  much  and  justly  irritated,  an  inti- 
mate friend  look  ihc  freedom  to  ii»e  some  cxpoetulfttiou  wtth  his  grace, 
on  Ihe  extent  to  wbich  he  seemed  to  cjirry  hi«  KMHtlDOBt.  Th<i  duke** 
answer,  which  conceded  lh<!  point  in  debnie,  began  with  tbusr  remark* 
able  woriU : — ■  I  ham  rooion  t»  thank  God  for  many  things,  tnil  (-j}ic< 
dally  for  giving  nc  fiicndt  who  will  tell  mo  tmth.'  On  th<!  otlirr  hund, 
the  ilukc  "'Oil  not  1cm  capable  of  giving  advice  than  willing  to  li>ti-D  to 
iL  He  roiild  cnltT  with  paiii-ncn  into  the  mnst  miniitit  dctaili  of  mat- 
tm  &r  beneath  his  own  t{>hrr(^  in  litr,  and  with  itrong,  clear,  iinsophit* 
licaleil  good  »CR<r,  never  failed  to  {)oiiit  out  tile  s»(eat,  most  honourable, 
tml  beft  path  to  be  punned.  Iixtced  hi*  accoracy  of  judgment  wn< 
tucli,  that,  even  if  a  Inw  point  were  tabmitled  to  hint,  tliveitcd  of  il> 
techntcalitie*.  the  duke  grnernlly  look  a  view  of  it,  foonded  upon  tlM 
great  principles  of  Justice,  whieh  a  prolrsMonal  perMon  might  have  Ifeen 
lienelitcd  by  listening  lo.  The  minctilion*  honour  with  which  be.  (iil- 
lillcd  Gi'cry  promiiW,  made  the  duke  of  ]tuecleuj;h  cautious  in  giving 
hopes  to  iTicmb,  or  others,  applying  fur  bis  inli^mt.  Nor  wa*  he, 
Ihungb  with  mcfa  high  right  to  atlentiott,  fiuoil  of  making  rec|««ts  lo 
administration.  But  a  pramiie,  or  Uie  thaduw  of  a  promise,  was  *acred 
to  hiui :  and  though  many  inttances  might  be  i|tioted  of  hia  atatitanoo 
having  bern  giveo  bnlMrr  than  his  pledge  warranted  aii  expectattou, 
ther*  never  existed  ont^  in  whicti  it  wa»  not  anijily  redeemed. 

X  Well-eduealed,  ai>d  with  a  powerful  memory,  the  duke  of  Buc- 
cleugh was  both  a  lover  aitd  a  judge  of  literature,  and  devoie^l  to  read- 
ing the  tine  keoould  *par«from  his  avooatloiM.  This  wa»  not  m  muoli 
ai  be  deaired;  for  the  active  supeviittewlsiiee  of  his  own  eiiensivo 
nniiir*  took  vp  muoh  of  bis  time.  As  on«  article,  h«  an»wcrtd  v<-ry 
iiiany  letter*  with  his  own  haDd,'aDd  never  snllensl  above  a  post  ■«> 
pass  ov«r  wiibmil  a  reply,  even  lo  ihoac  of  little  conseqncncc ;  *n  that 
this  MBgle  duty  occupied  very  frequcotly  two  hour*  a^^lay.  But  his 
ronvemiion  on«n  luriwd  on  literary  subjects:  and  the  teal  with  whieii 
Ixf  prcMTved  (lie  ancjenl  ruins  and  nionumcntu  wbich  cuitt  on  his 
MtatM,  ahowed  his  aUacfcaneitt  to  the  history  and  antiquities  of  hi* 
country.  In  judging;  of  literary  «>in  post  I  ion,  be  employed  that  sort  of 
criticbm  which  arisM  tatlier  IVom  good  taste,  and  strong  and  acute  per- 
ception of  what  wiw  Udc  or  &be,  (ban  from  a  vivacity  of  imagination. 
Im  this  particular,  hi*  grace  would  haveformni  no  iiMdi'i|oalc  rppn'»>iila- 
hvi-  of  till'  Miitriili-tit  aiHl  Ih'>>I  edneated  |ar1  of  the  reading  {niblie;  and 


DLITICAL  SEBII 


rNiw* 


*n  aulhnr  rni^lit  faivc  &>Tmcit,  from  hia  opinion,  a  very  nomm(«  roD- 
jpcliirc  how  hi«  work  would  hm  rrcdrvil  by  tho««  whnni  cvrry  autfior 
u  drriruiis  la  plcoac.  'I'lii?  duko's  own  nlylu  in  epislolory  corTMpotid- 
fincc  woi  may,  playful,  and  felicitous,  or  iirong,  succinct,  and  exprMuvci 
accurding  to  tlie  nature  of  tbv  subjecl-" 


•o*H  A.  u.  17^)0. — Dim  n.u.  18i(X 
,.   .■;,  , 

'  Tfttfomincnt  lawyer  waa  liorit  about  tlio  year  1750,  in  the  cily  or 
tli«  vicinity  of  Exeter.  H«  woa  educated  at  Eton,  and  in  1770  wan 
dectvd  to  kiiiR'n  eollego.  Cambridge,  aa  a  HclioUr  on  Lord  Cnrea'* 
IbuDdaliou.  wkvre  be  distinguuJied  btniKlf  by  liis  attainmenta  in  olaaai* 
cal  literature  i  and  where  he  took  liie  degree  oT  B.  A.  1778,  and  pro- 
ceeded M.  A.  1775. 

In  the  eaillcr  purl  of  his  lire  he  wn*  n  po]Mi)ar  counwl.  belni;  sfrcond 
to  Lord  Krskiiin  in  the  Stntr-Crinli  of  1794  -,  hi*  exiTlions  in  favour  of 
liberty  at  tbnt  lime  were  the  foundation  of  his  cniioenoe:  but,  like 
others,  he  kii^kcd  duwii  Hnc  slool  by  which  ho  rose,  end  when  made 
king's  counsel,  hi>  pulitical  pnnctpU'i  changed  inio  the  mort  violent 
pcrwculion  by  rj>r>fficia  inliirmatioiis  ever  known  among  thn  rrconb  of 
attorney  and  nulieitor-Kenerulis  who  ur<:  no  way  ipating  in  ibis  mode 
In  1795  hi?  was  iimiitr  itulici tor- general  to  the?  Prince  of  Wales,  and  re* 
corder  of  Bristol.  lu  1805  hi-  was  koij-litttl,  ami  uppoiiitt-d  solicilur- 
genend ;  at  the  general  election  of  1807,  he  bci-atnn  M.  P.  for  Caui> 
bridge.  In  ISIV,  attorney-general,  lu  ItilS  he  wus  oIevaic<l  tu  the 
bench  as  chivf-baron  of  the  exchequer,  and  soon  tilierwards  chicf-jusiicc 
of  th«  court  uf  eomnioii  pica*,  on  ilie  r«^i;;nation  ul'  Sir  Jnnivs  Manic 
field,  whieh  important  oflk-e  he  was  obli){cd  to  rcBi^^n  in  lt)16,  on  ac- 
count  of  ill  health. — "  In  1808,"  says  the  editor  of  tin-  ■  London  Maga- 
linr/  "  iie  was  counsel  iti  a  cause  in  which  the  editor  of  this  magaiiDc, 
then  actiug  as  sherifl'  of  London,  was  a.  uitnese.  It  was  important  to 
his  dii^nt  to  prove  that  the  editor  paid  vtdgar  respect  to  lite  dicta  of 
reviews  i  but  the  editor,  whose  opinions  of  these  corrupt  piu^lueiioaa 
are  well  known  to  all  his  renders,  told  the  eoumel  that  h«  neither  re- 
spected nor  read  thmi.  This  Sir  Vienrj'  Uibbs  affected  to  (iiink  strange 
and  insisting  tliut  every  publisher  ought  to  consult  tlio  opinions  whjcii 
the  revii-ws  give  of  authors  before  iie  trenled  Ibr  their  works,  he  nsserted 
in  hii  coune  way,  tliut  '  if  uny  publither  bonght  a  MS.  without  consuls 
tng  ihi-  ri-views  in  rcfjurd  to  Ibriner  works  of  the  same  author,  lie  ought 
nut  to  be  allowed  to  walk  »iiout  without  a  keeper.'  This  position  wa* 
to  thi-  lust  degree  silly,  yi't  it  suited  tlit  purjiose  of  cvrlain  wtlliugs  of 
the  day  to  endeavuiir  lo  euibroil  the  bIici'JII'  with  the  attorney -geticrvl. 
The  former,  indeed,  did  uol  cunnidi-r  liiuisitf  as  likely  lo  bu  a  fuvourite 
with  the  crown -lawyers,  with  whom  he  had  been  olficiully  at  issue  oii 
seTerul  points  disereditable  neither  to  bis  patriotiun  nor  beuevokncc. 
What  bad  pae^ed  led  him,  however,  tu  eonaider  the  ulfair  us  a  nianife«- 
taiion  of  personal  hostility  on  the  part  ofSir  Vicury;  but  in  a  few  day*, 
botli  being  ill  the  draw iiig- room  at  St  Jamea's — Sir  Vieory,  at  a  con- 
•idcrable  distanee,  aciuas  a  crowd  of  heads,  reeo^nisid  llic  sheriff  by 


4 


FRAKCIS  HAKCRA7K. 


,ncc  of  cordial  caluUlJoDs  wl>ich  wer«  U  flrit  gntvljr  received 
Kituni«d ;  Iwt  in  n  few  minute*  hr  bodied  ibrongh  the  tliroiif;, 
•omp  (rirndly  inquiric*.  and  h«ld  oiit  his  hand.  The  fhcrilT 
■lul  remarked,  lliat  after  all  tbu  bnd  pastrd  in  tht;  nrvtpapora 
it  be  thought  Rtnngc  to  »cc  them  in  that  allitadc.  *  I'sliaw,  Sir,' 
lis,  'do  you  imagine  1  rcganl  immptijicni,  or  thiiilc  about  th«jr 
?'  'Good/  rrjoinad  thu  ihrrilf ;  'yiA  Sir  Vicnrj-.  it  matt 
ed  that  you  harr  ax  grr-ot  an  iittvrcit  in  ofaat  they  uy.  aa  > 
iibcr  biu  in  the  opinion*  of  rcviiiw*  I'  'You  arc  rigbt — yon  a,n- 
■t,  Sir^I  Ted  llic  force  of  tlic  obacrratioiii ;  but  you  mu»t  not  uxpcct 
B^^^leader  ti>  be  alwayi  logical — tbr  man  must  be  diHtinguislted  from 
^^^^  advocate,  and  I  bofw  we  arc  fiicnil*  and  sliall  cootiiiue  to  be  w.' 
^P^  ■  gbcritr  rcplu.-d,  tbat  a  publulicT  alvayi  vriilinl  (o  be  ou  good  temia 
^^Bp  OU  aUomi-y-K<'iH-'nl:  und  the  partin  then  H.-(Minit«d  in  uiulual  good 
^^Rmuri  M-renl  by-sioaden  laughing  hi  iln-  iucidtni  oad  at  to  Mugular 
^^^ eelaircinaHUut.  A  volume,"  ndibSir  Itt«hard  Pliilippt,  "  could  oot 
^dtc  fully  illutr«l«  the  characler  of  Sir  Vicary  Gibb«,  though  diffirrcol 
may  dnw  very  difTerenl  inrcrrncr*  TroiD  the  aoeodote." 
Vicoiy  dM  on  (Im>  8lh  of  I-Vbruory.  I  HiO.  Hit  fricod  Sir  Ridiard, 
inlervicw  with  him  we  have  juit  described  in  hi*  own  words,  thn> 
up  Ilia  character :  "  The  Uie  chirr-junticr  of  tlic  court  of  common 
WM  «  tatM  of  ttroog  miwl,  pcrvinh  IrmprT,  and  grcjil  Icgnl  know- 
[«,  pariecUd  by  raat  iadudry  and  continual  |>nicti<:4!.  For  tlic  uikc 
ibr  bir,  howcTrr,  the  nrtioniiy  of  which  wc  wodM  irisk  to  rcs]icel, 

it  a  to  be  hoped  that  the  aipcrily  vitli  which  tlii>  lawyer  treated  oil 

1,^  who  difTcrrd  in  opinion  from  him,  whether  id  a  wig  or  witliout,  will 

»iH'>er  be  coipted.  lu  a  eouiMcllor  a  waspiali  inflnnity  of  (cnpcr  be* 
nraee  ditguftting,  but  in  a  judge  it  i«  tuonstroua  -,  not  that  w«  cui 
^  Impute  ihb  to  Sir  Vicary  a*  a  cfaief-jutlioe, — wbca  nifed  to  the  bcueh 
,  all  hi*  pelnUnce  llcd,  and  a  dignifletl  amenity  went  band  in  hand  with 
,  doty.  The  diutalorioJ  iRBODcr  of  a  oontempomy  ehicf^iuticu  wo* 
,     unluKiwn  on  the  chief  test  of  the  mmioon  picaa." 


I 


jTnntfo  jpni'ttcabf. 


•oak  A.i>.  1741. — uiiw  A.V.  mil. 


Tina  very  emtneut  lawyer  nan  tbc  rod  of  an  altontey.  He  wa* 
rdiMMinl  at  the  Charter  huute  and  Oxlbnl,  and  afterwarda  entered  of 
LiBCold'a  Inn.  Lillle  t>  known  of  kia  cariy  career  at  tba  bar.  Tbt 
ftrat  caae  in  which  he  oppean  to  hare  dbtinguiahed  htmaolf  vaa  thai  of 
tlw  BigTo  SoawnMl,  alf««dy  noticed  in  our  *ketcfa  of  that  eminent  phi- 
iBnlhrofiiM  Gmnvillc  Sharp.  Soon  ufttr  hi*  ■ueotaaTut  pleading  in  tbi* 
iBtatwUBg  at*.  LordNortliapiMiated  him  one  of  the  Irrnsuiy  aoanael: 
bulho  did  nut  long  n-tain  ihb  aiipointment;  hi*  whig  principle* appear 

have  procvrol  hu  abrnjit  aiid  early  diamiaMl. 

On  thia  occosMMi  Lonl  Tburiow  Bddr«wwd  a  letter  to  him  ui  the  bt- 

iring  termt :  "  I  am  eaooadingly  Mrry  for  the  accident,  wbuterer  it 
be,  by  whicli  you  are  rrmovc<l  From  au  office,  wbieh  coubl  not  be  more 
^rtveliie  tti  you,  than  yon  m^ht  have  b«<n  UM'ful  to  llic  public.  If 
U  WB>  noro  cspricr.  I  am  rIm  lorry  iliat  it  nan  tluiight  rtpeilieal  la 


POLITICO).  lUHEft. 


add  iiiMtU  to  injury,  by  lli«  dr^-ncw  ut«d  apvo  tbc  occtina.  Aa4l 
deed  I  am  ■iirpri>«<l  at  il;  for  Stork  U  cerlttiuly  ■  fwibto,  I 
«ell-i>8iiirrd  man.  If  tli«  busin«-u  of  ili«  tn-aaury  haA  bcra  i 
with  IcM  nkill  and  occuncy  tban  oii);bt  liave  b««n  cxp«cf«^  I 
bcon  lold,  that,  a*  by  w>ine  iii»M  or  Other  it  h«a  bappcnrd,  ;«•  U I 
no  «hiirr  in  that.  In  whldi  cuu  I  thoatd  think  that  would  ha«c  Ib 
a  birtirr  rctwuii  for  employing  than  di«mi«*ing  a  niaii  of  tatrat*.  I  M  ' 
nut  rnxily  In-  broagljt  to  cOBfider  tbw  lU  a  lacil  iRanii«r  ot 
that  btutni!  wliifli  could  not  be  direrlly  impotmi.  On  tfa«  otWr 
you  had  K^M  merit  if  ith  gorrrnmriil.  hy  a  M«*OBkble  |iiiIiIIibIIw  i  I 
tlioii-  f-rounds  and  pn'ncipirs,  nhich  lUTordM]  *uch  pfTeetttal 
in  u  mumi-iit  of  mucii  more  importiinct;  to  lliii  country  than  llw  §tl4 
twenty  lutiiisler*.  Thoiigii  1  hatt?  no  ari:i:!ti  to  know  bow  tkw  h^ 
pcncd,  yet  you  hsTc  otht-r  fritmdi.  ttho  can  easily  procorc  ntA 
malion,  and  I  diiT«  my  Mr  Harding  will  rradily  take  may  pan 
will  be  ngrcrabtc  to  you."  Brintley  Sheridan  also  wrote  to  him  I 
Iowa :  "  I  do  nMur€  you  that  it  ha«  fpTt-ii  bi«  the  ftinc<crrst  > 
I  ham  DM  yrt  bi'cn  abli-  ti>  find  ilie  iiiaiiii«cTi]>t  «bicb  you  fkavc  W 
the  trouble  ti>  ioi)uirp  about  ho  rrcijuMitly.  I  know  iliat  rt  caaaot  It 
lo*L  But  I  am  must  irregular  about  papcrt ;  and  »oiii«Uttm,  ia  wit 
to  be  very  carvful,  I  hide  «  hat  1  want  to  M-cnrts  I  hare  nmde  aHf 
researches  «inee  1  huve  come  from  Itiehmond ;  but  betn;;.  now  in  Mn 
for  some  timt!  I  huve  no  doubt  of  receiving  il,  and  will  JimiihiIwHIj 
liare  the  suiisfaction  uf  seading  it  to  yoti.  'Hie  conduct  of  Um  MiHi- 
tar  in  your  caae,  is,  in  my  opinion,  the  mont  violent  and  unjoat  Kt 
whioh  tlif'  vindictivf!  lystRm,  aduptird  >incn  the  kti^'a  mcovcty,  |m  |M- 
diierd.  Wlirii  parllnmeiit  meets,  it  u  a  cirrumxtaace  rrrv  likely  lo  bi 
alludcil  lo.  The  pffleiice  of  inattention  to  the  trauury  bilb,  circalaM 
by  tlidr  crcniures,  ii  a  prrtrnce,  which  happen*,  from  maiiy  ■■irniw- 
(tancea,  to  fall  within  my  ric{>eri('nce,  lo  be  able  to  place  iti  m.  praprr 
light.  1  hnpe  1  nre^l  not  r«qucf  t  you  to  tK-lirri'  il  will  be  •  uliauriiM 
to  R>c  (o  do  you  Justice ;  and  as  far  bi  character  i«  oonccrtied,  yoa  (K«d 
nu  mure  than  tliat  truth  i>honld  br  known." 

In  I7S1  lie  dr<>w  up  thi^  Koman  Catholic  bill.  He  eontioued  is 
prnelicc  a*  a  chamber-lMirrUter  until  the  year  1813.  when  lik  atal*  ef 
Ixntth  reudered  rttiremnit  unavoidable.  He  died  in  Aogittt,  1841. 
Mr  llargravo'*  fame  in  chiclly  founded  on  liii  proleuional  publicuioM. 
which,  for  rrMarcli,  lolid  arguiueniation,  and  masterly  ciposition  oTUte 
princijtlea  of  English  law,  am  utirivollttl.  The  follow  ing  is  a  apcctiDc« 
of  bia  tlylc.  Il  i*  from  hia  lutroduetiou  to  a  tract  by  Lord  IJale  «■ 
the  Amoidmenl  of  the  Law  : 

**  It  u  no  more  llian  might  be  expected  from  (ncfa  oelira  m*I  tat 
public  good  aa  Lord  Hule'a,  that.  noiwitli«taiHliii|;  the  udukioI  »^ght 
uf  his  Judicial  and  profewional  fatigue*,  and  the  rariety  of  siuditw  lo 
which  be  wu  addicted  indi^iidenlly  of  tli«  law,  he  tbould  be  promptnl 
to  give  tome  attention  ti>  llic  redoelion  and  improvement  of  the  lawa  of 
hi*  counli^,  and  to  encourage  olhen  in  like  undertakings  Long  Tirfcii 
hit  time  i^inl  Hiie»n  had  anaiounly  labourt^il  lo  accunpliab  a  work  of 
the  Mm«  laudable  kind,  ai  appears  by  te vera)  of  liU  |wimed  wurb: 
namely,  his  prapoMl  for  amriHlmciit  of  our  law,  mode  lo  the  m>wn 
whilit  li«  was  attorney -gene  ml  i  hii  offer,  when  under  hi*  d>!>};Ta(>e  and 
truoMea,  lo  aaaiat  in  cooipoaing  a  digeat  of  our  l««a  lioih  rammon  smI 


\ 


fonm.] 


riAMCII  BAVOBAVfc. 


S87 


Xute  1  an<l  hia  renarla  on  olmcuriiy,  accumulaiJon,  umI  neir  dig««U 
Naw,  in  hia  great  wori  'Da  AagmrMa  Srientiorum.'  Thus,  ftrrn  id 
ord  Dacon'a  lime,  Ilii;  evil  frvm  tlic  ubaolrtrnru  of  variou*  titlo  in 
common  law,  and  (be  evil  froni  tli«  increawMi  hall:  o!  our  ilatutM, 
were  tufficirnt  lo  strike  hi*  miiMl  a«  a  lerioiis  one.  After  the  Rnttora- 
tioa  both  r*ib  Dot  only  had  c«flkidersbly  iBGr«a»ed ;  but  from  the  gmt 
revnlulion  tts  to  the  low  of  rrnl  property,  which  tbeo  look  plSM  Ulldar 
lliu  Klaiute  convcrliii;^  military  tonutes  into  tocagc,  an')  from  tbe  tn- 
creoaiug  fntgutucy  of  ucw  lair»,  wrrc  likrly  to  be  yearly  more  ag:gra- 
Yalc-d.  Lord  Hatu  ocrtainty  look  aUnu  ut  tbu  pro*p«>ct  ot  growing 
inc<onveDien«e«  in  a  veneruble  aitd  fiue  structure,  which,  from  il>  aDti> 
quity,  was  already  eocumbcrtd  with  too  many  umIcm  apartnietitB,  and 
Irofn  the  nature  of  our  conaiilution  va<  particularly  opeu  lo  a  euper- 
abuiKlance  ot  new  acoctsion*.  HencCi  (Ji«tierorc,  oot withstanding  his 
apparent  jr*lon*y  of  the  proncnea*  lo  innoratiou  for  which  llie  age  in 
which  hv  lirrd  had  pronxl  itacif  alnuttt  charactemtic,  be  oonrinced 
fainiMir  that  *omL'  rcn>cdy  wa*  become  r«4)uisiiE  to  reduce  and  Rimpltfy 
our  •yatem,  a*  well  by  lopping  off  ancient  rcdondancio  a»  by  encour- 
aging an  orderly  digest  and  a  correcl  elucidation  of  all  tbe  remuniiig 
■MUer.  Tbe  fomier  puipoee  cooUl  not  be  aiiuiiicd  without  ibe  huw- 
IMO  of  ihe  legtalature^  Nor  could  either  be  tlTuctuatcd  iu  the  beat 
BMitiMr,  wiilioot  an  atiioa  of  private  laboon  in  Uie  dleoded  niwyaitl 
ofjuridicnl  Iromiiig  under  the  foflering  encoungtOMSt  of  royal  patron- 
aKP.  For  whore  wa>  ihr  linglc  individual  C4fiHl  to  M  vau  a  dwign  ? 
irhrre  could  have  bnrn  found  the  many  qnaltSed  bj  education,  itndy, 
and  talviiti«  for  a  joint-cwcutioa,  whow  aitualion  maid  allow  iIkuq  to 
mtke  tbe  atetmuj  nerifloe  of  their  lime  vtilhnt  •  pnwpcct  of  retri- 
bution from  llivir  eounlry  ?  or  how  could  il  bo  Mpectcd  llinl  lawyera, 
>uch  a«  the  great  Tribonian  and  hi*  illuitrioua  MtodBlOt,  would  dcacrt 
nil  private  purauita,  and  all  pruli^onitl  rnioliiiueDt*,  for  the  *akc  of 
digc*ling  national  law*,  wjtliout  a  Jmiitiiaii  to  palruniie  their  toil*,  and 
10  reward  tbeni  wiih  sonw  portion  of  dioiiiHlkH)  and  iodependcnce ? 
Lord  Bocoa'a  duoeromcBt  spp«rcntJy  aaw  tbe  OMtlM'  in  lliU  tigkt  i  br 
fnini  the  b^giaDing  be  addrcMod  King  Janea  ai  if  royal  countenance 
wa*  eaaential  to  tbe  eiecolion of  auch  high  plan*:  nor  could  Lord  Halo 
bn  igimraBI  that  in  England  Hucfa  entrr|>riira  vanted  (be  patronage  of 
an  Edoard  (be  Pint  to  feed  and  cberub  them.  So  far  aa  linjilc  pcr> 
tOMt  M  nuch  detached  by  public  etuploynienl  and  imponaiil  «(udic« 
aod  occopalion  of  onotber  kind,  could  well  cootributi!  by  tbe  outnbincd 
eicrlioiM  of  genius  and  learning,  aa*  |M'rfoniied  in  a  very  couaklertble 
degree  by  Itacoo,  nnd  in  a  rery  noodcrful  one  by  Dale.  Pity  it  i>, 
that,  from  tbcir  time*  down  to  the  pmenl  nKKueni,  the  body  of  our 
law  ha*  beoft  anflerod  continually  ami  npidly  to  increoae,  with  acarca 
any  oiber  tid*  to  oonttvci  it<  bulk  or  pmcrre  it*  cuiiBisiriicy  ihao  Uioie 
of  oeoanonal  private'  contribution.  Whni  would  a  Bacoo  or  a  Ilale 
liavo  «audi  wlial  would  tbi-y  have  ailviicd,  liail  ihey  lited  to  have  ttn 
oar  alatutc  law  not  only  aiicltrd  already  iuto  more  than  lonbU  *ite 
beyond  that  which  m  alarmed  (heir  apprelieMMMi*,  but  Kill  yearly  es- 
trtidiug  its  dinicnitoii*.  by  tucb  a  ratio  a*  miMl  aoon  terminate  in  a 
balk  iiuDieaiurubli;  t>y  the  nio«l  induttrioaa  and  accompliabcd  of  Itfrf 
•loderuandiBgs  ?  Would  two  Mich  uoloua  friend*  to  EJigtwh  juriijiru- 
~  iT  eweeding  trcn  tbe  TriboniaB  kod  Tbcopbilut  of  (h«  aehoul 


fOUJtCAt-  acUK^ 


t,r  Bonw"  l»w.  •*»•  **«  «■««  ipecUMn  af  Ac  sm 
.,„ld|epl  iUmmw  ?     WffloU  Ihey  ■<*  hew         — -^ 
Mwanb  Anaing  •  plan  tar  m  f^wOoaBj  t 
Mmiiii«l*ikm  «  U  bw  b««ti  giiiuMy  ud 
liMUd?    WouJd  tli«)>  ooL  Men  ihtr  mw  itri^g,  Ibw 
alkWMl  tho  wmTtKn,  or  perUp*  tlw  parii—et.  is  a~ 
fimi  ihu  ruin  wlii<:li  niut  «ii«ik  tbr  tDOiDcnl  tbe  ~^ 
iIm  »Sm\n'Mralion  of  ju*tic«  «ImII   etSM  to  be 
iHiMtioM  k«il  llic  mind  Into  mdi  ■  Bdd  of  Ugh 
IpRr  Bi  ikn  l4«i('  lo  continue  tbc  Inin  of  thoogtoa  vUcA 
iitMir  to  MM'     To  cDgMC^  ^  'u*^''  '^  cnlcivriflF  M  wjr 
•nj'  rircviMluien,  tni^M  be  exirrinc  ruhiNM  n 
uwirii>j(lx  coiioired  •■  I  am.     It  i*  aa  oeeui  ftr  too  I 
*It*ll«ml  barit  (tke  mine ;  and  therefore  caanot  be  too 

Tlie  fctlo«lni;  b  a  li»t  of  llarpVTft's  pMUicatiow:  !•  IW 
.laiNn  ftoowtwt,  a  negro,  lalely  detenninM]  by  ibe  Cosn  of 
llriiplii  wliereiii  it  w  atlcmpicd  to  deraoMtratc  the  OBtea 
Hlnirry  iu  England.  LooHofi,  1773,  grn.  9d  edit.  1783. 
Afgiiiwot*  in  d<-r<-ii/^  of  Litrrory  [Vopnty.  IxmifaMi,  177<, 
A  muiplvlo  CotlccLiua  of  .Static  Trials,  and  Froottdiap  far  Higli  Cnmta 
■ml  MtiJiwwiwouf*.  4tb  cdiL  To  wbkb  b  prefixed  s  tttrm  Vittim 
IiondoM,  1781,  fol. — 4.  Collection  of  TracU  relaiirc  lo  tbr  Law  tl 
KiiflaBil,  Iran  Maniucripu  ncvi-r  before  pablisbM);  MMaistng,  bmria 
iIm  hllowin^  hy  tlie  Editor  and  anooyiDUtu  aalhon,  tone  try  Lvtri 
('lilef  Ju*ti«c  lisle,  Mr  GMirge  Norburie,  Jci»lic«  BJactrtnwe,  q.  v.; 
0(10  TrealiMorMaiMenof(b«ClMvuoerie:TwoPiecnla«cUBg^S^ 
til  Ctianeery  by  Sabpcraa ;  A  Ditoourae  igainat  lb*  JariiAedeD  offW 
Kln|{'«  Brovh  bjr  IVoecM  of  latitat;  Cooccmbix  tfae  Effecto  of  St** 
Wnm  of  tLe  C'u«rt>  B(H'I<«ii>(i<al  ia  ratr*  of  Muriap  »fc«a  pleaded 
iir  oAmd  In  E*idMM  ia  tin:  Couru  TvmpQral.  by  tht  Eifitor;  Aa 
Arfu>l*<*t  by  tli«  Editor  on  ilie  Ap)H.-iiJ  from  Chancery  ia  ibe  Vmi  «f 
MM*n  Mr'k'Lnr  ind  Sir  Tlionui  and  Lady  BoughtoBi  agaJsM  Joka 
Mllfor*)'  I^I<  >l<^l>vercd  at  tlu'  Rar  of  llin  Houm  of  Lortle;  and  O^ 
wniltooa  c«ocrraiii|;  tliif  llul''  in  Sbrlky's  Cup,  riz.  tiint  Hein  or  (be 
llodri  or  mImt  IiilirritBUi-  Wonl*.  after  nn  EUtatn  of  (.ifc,  ahafl  oprr«U 
^  Werda  of  liiuiiatbon,  niid  of  piircltaM- ;  chiefly  witii  •  mv  In  iIn 
■pnlhsaiion  »f  ilmt  Rule  lo  l<il  WilU  -.  by  tbc  Editor.  Together  with 
a  |*f«be»  coiiiainin;;  a  general  account  of  the  aberc-oifntioacd  trmet<^ 
AMil  alwrratiooi  on  Um  tubjoct-nuiUerof  tli«a.  London,  I7S7,  Ma.^ 
ft,  Drii-f  DedaelioiM  relative  to  the  AkI  and  Sopply  of  tlic  Eif««tj*«' 
I^Mor  Iu  oaeM of  lafaacy.  Dtlirium,  arotbpr  loeapacitEcs  of  tiw  King.' 
11118,  4I0-— 0.  Nottt  on  Lord  Coke's  Rnt  Inalitulet,  or  Conmrobuy 
on  I.illle<OD.  Londnii,  179t.  8*a.~7.  Tbc  JurMielioD  of  Om 
l.ned*'  IlouM  of  I'arliaoitint  coBiidcred,  by  Lord  Chief  Ju»ti«:  Hair; 
«|lb  a  I'rvfaoi).  tncladlng  a  Noiratire  of  llto  tame  Juii*d»clk>n,  froa 
lliw  Acnweioa  of  Jamo  I.  1796,  4IO. — B.  .Iuri<l>ral  AfgnnMini 
4>> '  "  '•ctioni.  London,  1797-9.  3  voU.  4(o. — 9.  Tlire«  AfM> 
4  Too  Cbum»  in  Cbaooery,  on  the  loit  Will  of  Pcief  Tb^ 

witli  Mr  Morgan*!  Calculation  of  tlie  AcmtnulatloB  imler 
Ibc  Will.  London.  1790,  4(o.— 10.  O^nnion  in  tbe  C«a 
•4  Alliol,  in  rrspi-cl  to  tbu  Isle  of  ^tau.  4lo.  Prfaled 
A — II.  AddrTM  U>  tli«   Grand  Jury  at   tbc  Li 


trmet<^ 

4101.—.^ 
'««ti*«^H 
Kla5.a 
rnbuy^H 
»f  tfca^ 


hi 


Jin  joHir  MAcriiensoN. 


tn 


ScMions.  1903,  8to. — 13.  Jurwetmiull  F.xf  rcilatiawtt  wb.  I  niiH  3. 
1811,  4to. — 13.  liutiiutts  of  tl>«  Lai*»  of  EtigUnd.  Bj  Sir  I'UIworit 
Coke.  Ii«iti(«il  nud  correctuil,  wiih  Notca.  Ac.  By  Pntneu  Horgnrc 
and  Ctiarka  Iiutl«r,  EfjutrM.     1816^     i  vol*.  8vo. 


0it  ftoDn  iBacpfinBon. 

MWH  A.  ».   IKIj—MMa   A.  ft.  1831. 

This  fnincnt  Indian  «iat(^iiiiin  wu  tlictrcond  ton  of  iIk-  Hrv.  Mr 
.Maq))i«f«<ia  or  tiUtc.  ui  the  i«Ic  nT  Skyc.  Mc  mcdTrd  l>i«  anivcruiy 
cdunUioo  at  Si  An<Iricv*  kml  tu  Kdinkiirgh. 

Havinft  rcMlvcd  la  puxh  bi«  fbrtuuc  u  »  advmlurcr  in  l)ie  Indiu 
■rM}*,  bu  iiailcd  widi  tliiii  vi«w  in  an  Ewt  ludiamaii,  conunanili^d  by  bis 
motcmal  node.  On  tlivir  arrinl  oS  Mangatorv,  Ihi-y  ri>un<J  ilie  nabob 
of  Arcot  boHcging  ibal  plaw  in  conjunclion  nilli  a  body  or  Enj^likli 
Irotqw.  A  OM-fugc  wM  HMil  lo  llic  Eagtiab  tmbcI,  begging  tlu^  aid  of 
two  buiiilrcd  inilom  In  nuiU  in  *lonnijig  tbo  placc^  wkkb  vai  granted. 
Bad  younfc  Macpberaon  being  ptacetl  at  Ihdr  bpml  by  liii  udcIi-,  tat 
the  Ant  who  aaccndcd  the  brc*ch  next  muroii^.  Thi»  furlunnli*  inlro* 
ductioB  to  pnUie  ootiw  laid  the  (oniHlallon  of  kia  future  Kurlmii-.  Tli« 
nabob  of  Arcot  bearae  lii*  {«troa.  and  aooa  ntde  Liu  Uis  etiief  cutifi- 
(lant  and  adnier. 

In  1781,  nher  a  midenc*  in  Englaixi  afsavera}  yttn,  Mr  Macpbrr- 
Him  went  otit  i«  India  U\  ti>c  capacity  of  r  tnMnber  of  l)io  Miprama 
council  of  BfBgal ;  and  on  llic  rotiretnent  of  Hutin|C>  ho  liHd  the  oSee 
orf  iMlcrim  o(  povcrttor-firtionA  of  India.  T\t  following  letter  w  hidi  lia 
wUlmrtciJ  tu  ail  uliJ  frirtid.  Dr  A*lam  F«fgiuoB.  m  abort  lime  eubarqiiait 
to  liM  arccaMMi  to  iba  |^Fni«rtbi|>,  acta  lilt  diameter  in  a  pkaatng 
lisfct:— 

"  Ml  Dkah  rttiirKD. — Whi'O  I  «a«  IhiI  a  f<ini|aiiy's  writ<T  in  ilie 
CariMlic,  1  rrnicmbet'  I  wnt  lou  a  Muall  bill,  uliidi  you  told  n>c  you 
MOa|tlcd  will)  plcaium,  a*  it  came  froai  mo,  auil  you  Imhi;;Ii|  ]-'mi«)t 
dotlwa  with  iu  b«i(i){  tlini  on  a  visit  to  Pafia.     I  bavu  bi-vn  near  a  yi-ar 

1>a««nior-g«ikersl  of  lodia.  and  l<>ur  y«an  a  aupreuw  coumdlor.  anil  I 
lave  acnt  yoa  uMliinu  but  a  liiik'  Maitcira.  Yvt  you  ar«  tbu  fracmt 
orat  to  my  facwli  ana  yoar  iiilomta  arc  d*«rfr  lo  lai?  lltan  my  own,  u 
tbtry  iovoirr  tbe  coocvrna  of  a  niimcmuE  family,  dcpriiding  on  Ibe  Malv 
of  your  health.  If  I  have  b<wn  tliua  insllrulivr  to  your  HluatKiu,  you 
arc  youndf  tbc  caiuc;  lur  lo  you  am  1  inili-btrd  for  iIkimt  rulM  of  con- 
duct iu  my  paUie  trualt,  which  ha>'r  liound  my  g<<nrrii*ity  to  ytii,  or  lo 
ny  own  private  intrrols  williin  narrow  limiU,  You  have  been  OCCft- 
■JOIially  itj&rmcij  of  the  liiir  pnrviMd  by  utf  Mnoi-  I  Idt  Kuropai  llw 
alloaiion  iu  whicli  I  bund  alfair*,  my  Inloitir*  to  rruicvc  ilt4-i>i,  mid  Iha 
diiburacmcnl  of  my  own  income  in  varioui  oltrntioiit  to  ibosc  who  were 
rcoomBiendMl  lu  mc,  and  wliuiii  1  couhl  not  oblige  al  ibc  (HiUic  <k- 
fvnK.  If  llic  lior  I  hnve  punur*!  wan  not  urcenMry  frniii  il*  saUaliio* 
tioM  to  my  own  luiiMl,  ilir  ctaiiipk*  iif  it  wa«  a  (in*  qim  moit  to  i-uaUa 
mr,  wbrn  alTuin  diVQlinl  ii)*iit  hh-,  Iu  r<->Iitci-  Ibir  rkjirhttt  uf  liiia  nol- 
vit.  io 


S90 


VOLITICAL  IKHIKS. 


ftltvtm 


m;  nltout  a  mitlion  sl^tling  per  annum,  anil  lo  «ilenec  the  eric*  of 
tbouMnds,  who  might  othrnrUr  hnvr  jiut  graunils  Ibr  charging  mc  witk 
partiality  and  ((^Ifiiihnon.  1  have  f<illoH't.-(l  your  maxim*  in  tlia  prvetioe 
of  affaira  upon,  jK^tinp*.  ili«  gipalut  llicaln.-  at  alFain  t^if  ih«  KtmU- 
MM  or  nlTiun  is  rounded  in  tlie  nuuiben  of  men,  and  lh#  extent  of  ilictr 
latcmt* :  tl»^  coiicvnis  to  be  extricated  or  forr«i(ed ;  ll>e  wealth  that 
might  litivt  In-en  acquired,  and  tbe  cODsequcoccf  that  miglit  iherebjr 
rniui'  to  inilividuuls,  tribe«,  and  nations,  'i'he  eToott  tlut  hingt-d  upos 
my  i(I«iu  and  conduct.  Tour  ycors  ngo,  wrr  more  important  than  ibooe 
wliicU  1  can  now  influence,  though  I  ninnd  at  the  head,  and  in  «bM)lul«' 
chargv.  of  all  our  afTnirs  in  Indin  I  It  i*.  tnjr  frirnd.  oiir-and- twenty 
years  iiiice  I  bcgno  under  you,  the  rudimr.nts  of  tlinr  atfnirs  :  and  ai 
there  is  no  period  of  my  lili?  that  I  look  to  with  luch  a  conscion*  sm- 
aation  of  joy  and  pritle,  as  that  which  1  pumcd  with  you  and  our  sobla 
pupiU,  to  to  you  in  due  the  account,  which  1  can  in  truth  gire.  u>d 
whicli  I  am  bound  to  make  to  you :  it  muxt  be  Interesting  to  you,  mnd 
it  i«  Tor  the  btrncfit  of  our  native  school,  and  perhapi  of  aociety  in  gen- 
eral, that  I  should  enable  you  to  know  llie  result,  that  yoa  roigtit  here- 
alWr  be  (be  more  confimied  in  your  system!  1  have  anility  ex|>«neDced 
the  truth  o(  three  of  your  &vourile  pofitlons.  HrsI,  *  That  tbo  pur- 
suit* of  an  active  mind  are  its  greatest  happiocts  when  they  are  directed 
to  good  objects,  which  unite  our  own  hnppinesa  with  that  of  onr  TriefK)*, 
and  the  general  ad'antngc  of  society.'  flrncr  the  lirri  loccra*  in  the 
Cnmntic  in  [707, — the  subacqufiot  «lfort*  in  London  in  1769, — the  r«- 
Inrn  to  lodia  in  1771,^-thc  Tiait  to  Europe  in  1777,— (br  intercourse 
with  men  in  buoiiiMi, — the  friendsliip*  of  the  mintMer>r-~4i>)d  Lord 
North's  selection  of  me  for  my  trust  in  1781,  &C,,  in  the  siiprciDe 
council.  I  hat-c  likewise  rx|itfrivnce<l,  '  that  htr  who  hat  not  been  la 
contest  with  his  rclloir-ereatum  know*  but  half  of  the  human  heart.' 
But  such  are  the  neeetsary  taxes  of  occupation,  of  butim-M,  and  per- 
haps of  lifc.  Thirdly,  '  That  all  that  rests  with  ui  individually,  i«  to 
act  our  own  parta  to  the  best  of  our  ability,  and  to  cndcat-our  lo  do 
good  for  its  own  sake,  indejHriidently  uf  events,  diMppointmenls,  or  mtf- 
frrioK*.' 

"  Under  theae  Impreasioiis  1  have  acted,  and  I  now  act :  and  if  the 
India  company,  and  the  mintitrrs,  and  ilie  legislature,  citetid  their 
view*  to  the  DcccMitj-  of  affairs,  and  lo  the  future  prosperity  of  GnaC 
Britiuo  and  India,  as  they  stand  united;  and  if  tlicy  will  adopt  the 
plana  1  have  laid  bclbre  them,  I  am  steady  in  believinf;  that  the  greateM 
beoc^ts  to  Great  Britain,  from  Thulj  to  the  Land's  End ;  and  to  Aaia, 
from  Cape  Coniorin  to  Tartary,  may  Rnw  from  the  practical  opcratkM 
of  the  commercial  and  political  syilemi  I  have  opened  for  tbo  progrcft- 
aive  adoption  of  the  empire.  The  outline*  are  clear  and  strong,  a*  well 
w  the  ground  of  the  operations  Ihemaelrea.  Look  U  tbe  map,  asd  are 
the  field  of  empire,  nurked  by  the  Thibet  Hills,  from  Tarlary  lo  ChitU- 
coag:  by  the  Goiiku,  from  its  source  to  its  embrace  of  the  ocean;  aad 
by  oppoaite  cliaina  ot  liilte,  and  of  wild  tribes  from  Balaaoro  lo  Ih* 

I  empire  ask*  nothing  from  Great  Britain  but  protection,  and 

plea :  and  it  tencbi  to  Europe,  eeery  year,  about  (ireotyfive 

-en,  loaded  with  tlie  ioduatry  and  tbe  prodnetiona  of  Its  eatra* 

T  toil :  each  ship  ia  worth  £100,000,  one  with  aflOther.     The 


\ 


I 


fininD.I 


■Itt  JOUM  UACPttERBOS-. 


S91 


'lmpron>mmU  niiiili<  in  nafi^iiiyn.  snd  tlw  Laowledgn  of  climotOt  ud 
the  rnrr  of  Iteultb,  enable  C>rrat  Britnin  ti>  cany  on  her  traile,  if  aha 
would  adopt  a  liberal  plan  Ibr  it,  on  a  fnoting  la  CRiiiloy  a  Hn-t  in  goins 
■nd  rMumiuf;  (iiiduding  China  and  thr  coiwls  of  llie  tircat  PonJnsub) 
of  about  MVfoiy  ships,  now  c<|ual  in  nizr  to  :iO-gtm  (litpt;  *Iiy  not  tu 
64  and  74?  Cuuiini^rci-  vuuM  then  create  a  nuvy  for  Britannia;  at 
k*M,  sucli  as  aould  command  Ihe  Indian  acasl  And,  u  in  King  WII. 
linni*  day*,  the  fint  grnil  openliout  of  oar  itaU  began  by  con>f ning 
our  debt*  into  fuods,  or  properljr,  by  regular  paymcato  of  the  inleretl; 
*a  vc  may  here  employ  the  present  interests  of  our  debtj  to  be  a  me- 
dium for  remitting  the  vbole  to  Britain  in  an  additMoaJ  inveslnient  of 
gooda;  Ibe  dvlie*  and  customs  of  wliich  will  equal  tlic  land-tax  nt  lour 
alitllinp  in  the  poaad. 

"  Upon  tbtt  aysMiK,  which  neccailtjr  fbrc«d  as  to  begin  here  in  1782, 
(by  providing  what  i*  called  a  aubtcrtptioti  iovcstmrnt,  aod  drawing 
bills  npon  tb«  proceeds  of  tlie  j;oodii,)  India  was  uvcd  from  Uic  jav* 
of  war.  and  ib«  diaiiii  of  a  littl«  monoiwliit  policy,  wliicb  forced  all 
ritrn- rem  it  lancet  to  Britain,  through  tbe  chauoeb  of  foreign  Inde,  and 
wbieb  paid  thnr  Iribtilea  of  customs  to  Lisbon  and  Copenhagen,  at  a 
rate  that  has  turnni  the  exchAng«  from  CopeoksgcB  againM  Kngland  to 
about  £18  per  ccnL  But  my  system  don  more;  it  pour*  in  upon 
Biilaiti  those  slr««ms  of  friendship,  and  of  aid,  which  every  officer,  civil 
and  miliian-,  iii  thcie  provinces,  wttliea  to  send,  partially,  to  his  rclo- 
tions :  and  which,  in  the  gcncnl  reciprocal  remiKance  and  receipt,  gite 
Ibe  British  heart,  oo  tlib  aod  your  side  of  the  oe«aa,  its  most  delightfol 
«xerci»es ;  and  whicb  ^addeo  everj-  village  and  place,  from  llie  cottage* 
of  the  isle  of  Skye  to  the  palaces  of  London  t 

"  I  think,  still  a  greater  secn«  opens  by  this  commercial  intercourse, 
if  oar  rivals  in  Europe  wislicd  but  for  a  proper  share  of  il.  Il  aoald 
nnbrace  much  of  the  repose  of  the  tinirerae  in  the  happy  couimuuica- 
tJom  of  all  the  ink^Uats  of  lh«  globe,  from  the  toorves  of  the  Mi»- 
sltiippi  10  those  of  the  Ganges ;  and  from  WiM  to  East,  till  the  East 
and  Ibe  West  are  vniied. 

"  I  have  At  this  momral,  at  CalcnUa,  ambocMdor*  from  Ttdoao,  iu 
the  Rostrm  s(«s;  from  Thibet;  linKn  all  the  statrs  of  India i  and  from 
Timiu  l^haw,  who  is  croaijog  the  Indus :  and)  as  Manilla  is  aiwning  her 
Ind^  I  l)0|>e  to  bear  <lirect  from  Lima,  before  I  leav«  India,  aod  to 
make  the  Incaa  of  Peru  acquaiuied  with  the  Brahmin  rajabs  oo  tbo 
bcflka  of  lb*  GnCM.  C«ri0l»  an,  besides,  the  treuun-s  iu  literature, 
and  tbeobDdouanlsMtyof  ■allona,  Ihai  are  dawning  upon  u*  from  tba 
researches  of  Sir  William  Jonra  and  others  in  Sanscrit,  Arabic,  and 
Persian  1  even  Anacreoii'*  and  Eodid's  best  nn<l  happiest  labours  may 
bave  been  long  asleep  in  tba  tmulotioiw  of  ihb  country.  And  *hat 
•rems  to  complete  our  proapcel  of  elegant  aod  useful  infvnnalion  is, 
that  the  present  gorcmor  of  Chinsura,  who  was  for  seven  years  in 
Japan,  has  brought  ns  the  wondera  of  that  country  :  their  cneyctopadiK 
■•  in  his  bands  I  audi  in  some  of  the  oru  of  life,  ond  of  govommenb 
Uiose  islawlen  of  Asia,  tboae  Anglo' Asiatics,  bavo  left  all  othor  nation* 
ftr  behind. 

"  While  devoting  all  my  momenLt,  that  ore  my  own,  to  socb  general 
coBHdcMtona,  1  Imvc  prruted,  and  oin  perusing  again,  your  story  of 
(be  RomaB  state,  and  tlieir  rule  of  India.     TbaoLs,  thonksi  my  dear 


S9S 


rOLlTICAL  aiHIKS. 


friciid. — Bill  one  anibilton  rmiain* ;  it  i«.  to  «iti«rje  witli  yon  >(  irtwr 
fiinii  on  iIh-sc  afliiin.  Has  lift-  in  rwrrrc  for  lu  Uiii  liappiiins?  or,  it 
owr  eiptulation  uf  it  enough  ?  Mny  I  he  abl«  to  meet  jou  ibcre,  wor* 
Uiy,  io  every  retpccd  of  TOur  rMt^eni,  m  of  your  aflectian-  And,  is  it 
poMiblu  to  go  through  tor  remaining  acti  of  iny  litn  here,  with  pro- 
grcMive  dignity  and  tuccicM  ?  Hitherto,  all  is  aa  yuo  could  <ri<h ;  bui 
all  may  not  be  at  ibe  farm  ttt  you  viih.  I  Lnow  the  feu-duty  eititiar* 
rawri  you;  and  the  dignilu,  without  lliv  oliuni,  may  be  there.  Re* 
ceJTf,  then,  the  inrlowil  bill  iiikid  my  mulen,  tlie  India  comjiany:  let 
the  amount  of  it  be  luok  to  (li>eliar|;e  the  annual  leu>daty  of  ibe  turn 
(lurbg  your  life  and  Mn  FcrF:uMHr».  and  the  lives  of  all  your  children 
and  their  di«ccndanu  ,■— it  trill  be  a  future  buaijicM  to  buy  off  ibe  Ceia- 
duly  altogether. 

"  At  prracnt,  I  can  mid  jou  no  more ;  and  should  hie  laTcdeprtred 
roe  of  the  fntorr  hnpiiiricu  of  knowing  that  you  ran  be  contcioua  of  ihi* 
little  attention,  tbovt  iM4ite*t  and  dearest  to  you  I  oiuat  rouiikr 
wliul  reiiiaim  to  tne  ufyou  :  to  them  i  adilnan  thti  letter  aW 

Sir  Jolin's  government  wa*  trrmiiMted  by  llic  lemoval  of  E«ri  Cor 
nallia.     He  toon  after  rrtiimi'd  to  Engtawl,  wbrrc  be  ipeat  Ibr 
nsiudcT  of  bis  life.     He  dini  in  January.  1821. 


Robert,  iHarqurss  of  loiitionlirrri). 


Mwji  4,  v.  1769.— MRS  A.  n.  IfttS. 


Tiia  Itij^t  flonourabic  Robert  Slewnrl,  MBr({ueM  of  Londoud* 
Viaeounl  C'a>tlerca{;h,  nai  bom  on  ibc  18lh  of  June,  1789.  Ilia  Uthir, 
Roticrt  Stewart,  fint  morqui-u  of  liondoodrrry,  wna  advanced  to  thai 
dtgiiiiy  In  1816.  The  ■ubject  of  tbii  memoir  reecired  Ira  Mrlj  edue»> 
tiuii  at  Armagh  under  Arcliileaeo!)  HurrocL  In  1786  be  «m  rniemi 
of  St  John's  colleije,  Ciiml>rid);e.  Hb  youth  was  IHtIc  didingnUiad  by 
bi*  attachment  to  leltent.  but  lie  e«r(y  |^ve  many  proo|!i  of  (hat  SmaeM 
or  latlier  obuinaey  of  etiancter  whicb  allervardi  ilis(iii);uisbed  him. 
On  cotiilng  of  ago  be  alootl  lor  tlie  represeotalion  of  Uio  coanly  «f 
Down,  and  carried  hia  clecliati  niter  a  leverv  aixl  very  HpenafTo  m»- 
test.  On  tKe  liuffllngs  be  plntgeil  biiOKlf  to  Mppon  the  cnui*  of  fmr- 
lianirnlnry  reArai, — a  pledge  whicfa  be  aAcfDKnb  Ifamd  H  cotiTaniaM 
to  maintain  vw  fully  redeemed  by  bb  exertion*  Io  procarc.  lh«  right 
of  voling  to  Cnlholicii.  Tbc  &i«  debate  In  which  be  took  a  part  wa* 
on  (be  ([neftiuii  of  (lie  indrprnitcnl  right  of  Ireland  to  ttwie  with  India, 
lrrrs])c<-tiveaftli«  Hritiih  Kut  India  company'*  monopoly.  Headofl«l 
Ibc  alBnuative  ante  of  llie  rgnistion,  and  in  tlii*  hli  de(rat  oUatned  ifca 
decided  appfubation  vf  (be  ojtpoHtMa  in  iho  lr>»h  house  of  oomaooai 
For  a  time  he  |>romiied  (o  Ixmrnc  a  valutfate  auailiary  lu  tl>e  librral 
parly.  He  prcHd^'d  at  public  dinner*  wlicrv  ibq^dmnk  *  U«r  Sore* 
reign  Lord  tbe  People;'  be  aupftortcil  GratUa  in  lii*  motion  for  reform  ; 
and  diaracterfaed  tbo  tyileni  purvncd  by  govermaenl  a*  "  a  ridoua^ 
*y*lMn  which  was  fint  dririiijc  the  iniblic  mind  into  a  nUieof  ngltaHoo^l 
At  liM,  va  tbc  recall  of  Earl  FlliwilUam,  he  lUdiletily  tariH-d  rouMl . 


hlMD.} 


ROBERT,  MAKQCKlt  Ot  tO>fl»>!rDBIIIir. 


sn 


P 


idcBllfied  hinueir  widi  Ifao  lulmioktrAtioD,  h;  rapponJng  iU  ooerriii* 
mtumt*. 

Iq  1798  lb«  Hononnble  Mr  Sleirart — now  bceomr  t.on)  Castle- 
mgh  in  conaeqnenve of  bb  TaUier  hivinf*  Ikvu  ciiiUcd  ViKOunl  CMlle- 
nagb  in  O-tober,  17S6,  ani)  Karl  of  Locikuidcny  in  1796— jain*^  ilie 
Mtniin  ill  ration  of  Enri  Cainikn.  ilic  Iri»li  vicvroy,  iu  (Jic  quality  of 
ttctetary,  and  of  courM!  idrntifWd  hiniK«lf  iritti  tli«  iubmuus  practircn 
which  were  aTowcdly  roortcd  to  for  tlm  dUcorcr^  sod  iupprc«non  of 
Ihc  rvbrllUin. 

ARrr  th«  Union  lio  wm  afipoiotcd  «  priTy-eouncillor  arxf  prMidriil 
of  ibo  Rovd  of  Conlral.  On  ibc  rcsignmion  of  I'iu  he  nunaged  lu 
rotajn  hi*  office*,  and  <m  the  mum  of  his  patroo  to  powr  h«  wiu 
■ppoiBted  teeT«tary-Bl-wnr.  He  hod  now,  howerer,  bccomo  eminently 
unpopalar  is  IroliDd,  and  vat  dclrair*!  in  hi*  atlcinpt  to  bo  rr-clocirri 
for  Down,  to  tbat  he  «u  obliged  to  coroo  into  tbo  hon»e  lu  membfr  for 
BoroNgbbriilgp.  Oil  Ibu  dtalh  of  Piit  he  mi)(iml  officr;  but  on  th« 
Ksif^alion  uf  Grvy  and  Grt-nviUe  he  was  brought  into  office  with 
Pi-rcFvaJ,  Eldon,  and  other  ullra;i,  under  the  duke  of  Portland.  In 
1609  a  ho«llk  ntceting  look  pbce  l>«iwikt  Lord  Cuilcre^h  and  Mr 
Conning,  who  alto  b«ld  a  place  in  tbe  cabiin'i.  The  fbllowinfc  i*  a  copy 
of  ilic  correapoodence  wliieb  pttwed  beiwi-vti  Lord  Casikragb  and  Mr 
Cnnniitg,  prrriou*  to  Umt  d«rl : 

■'  ^  Jims'*  S«ti«aK^  Sfttmttr  IM^  leW. 

"Sir.— It  b  tiDDeeessBry  for  niu  to  enitr  inio  any  detailed  statt^ 
■leui  of  the  circunuianoe«  which  preceded  llie  recent  rcaigBalion*.  It 
ii  enough  for  nic,  with  a  view  to  Ibc  iiiiiaediate  ohjecl  of  ihU  lellcr.  to 
»tatc,  that  it  appear*  a  propoiilion  ha<l  been  agitated,  willwtit  toy  oooi- 
manicntian  with  nir,  lor  my  removal  from  f h«  war  depottmciil ;  and 
Hut  you,  towontt  ibv  c4usv  of  ihc  la«t  WMion,  hatiag  nrgt^l  a  deeiiuon 
upou  iliii  (jucstioD,  with  the  ullvmalive  of  your  itcedinf;  from  thv  gov- 
enimenl,  procured  a  poiiiive  pronii««  fftMi  (be  duke  of  Pertlonil  (ilie 
r:iecst>ofi  of  wbkfa  you  oAcrwards  cooudcred  yuant'lf  emitted  to  en< 
Tom'),  that  taeU  rtiuovol  sboutd  t>e  carried  into  ellect.  Nolwillniiuid- 
ing  Uib  procniMTi  by  wliidi  I  conuiler  you  pronounced  it  tiuflt  thai  1 
■bmiM  ramain  charge*)  with  ihe  Gomluct  of  the  war,  and  by  which  my 
situation  a>  a  rainiitcr  of  tbr  crown  was  mode  ilepvmtent  upon  your 
will  and  plearon.-,  you  conliiiued  io  sit  in  Ihe  aMM  cabinM  with  me. 
Olid  (o  leave  me  not  only  In  the  ]>rr«iia*lon  thai  I  pouesard  your  eon- 
fliicnre  and  supiiort  as  a  coltrague,  Iml  you  nllowed  me,  in  bn-aeh  of 
cvrry  principle  of  good  hith  both  puMie  niid  priraie,  thou}!li  ilins  vir^- 
tanlly  uipi-n»iled>  to  originate  and  prooiH'd  in  lh«  cieciition  of  a  new 
enterprise  of  the  most  inliMnia  and  inrporUnl  nnlnrc,  with  yoor  appa- 
rent concurrence,  and  oatcnsible  approbatioa.  You  were  fully  aware 
that  (f  my  sttniillon  in  the  gnvcrainrnt  liwl  been  di*cla*eil  Io  itie,  1 
could  not  hare  svbmilted  to  rtmain  omj  raomuni  in  oUtco,  without  ihe 
entire  abaadonoMiit  ofniy  prirate  honovr  and  pvUic  duly.  Vou  knew 
1  was  dccefvetl,  and  you  continued  to  doedve  me.  I  am  aware,  it  may 
lie  said,  which  I  am  tt'ody  to  acknowledge,  that  when  von  pKcased  Ibe 
a  deeblMi  for  my  removal,  yon  obo  pnwd  for  Ms  diecwaurc^  aud  iliai 
ft  was  misted  1^  the  ilnke  of  Portlanil  ami  some  menbcn  of  Uk  gov* 
crnmcnl  supposed  to  be  my  friends.     Uut  f  ncirr  can  admll  ihoi  yoa 


294 


POLITICAL  SCHIES. 


Iiavc  a  riglil  lo  ninkr  tttf  of  eiicIi  a  plva,  ia  juslifioalion  of  an  act  aflcct- 
ing  my  honour,  Dor  that  llio  xr-tiliuiviiti  of  otlitTs  could  joitifj*  aa  ■<:• 
i|uU»i:pncR  in  lucti  a  ili-liuiuti  oi<  j'our  part,  wlio  liatl  jouru-'lf  Celt  and 
dialed  ib  ntifuirncss.  Nur  cuii  I  atliail  tba(  tlie  Li-ad  of  auy  ailmiiiis- 
Iraiion,  or  uuy  suppotrd  friend  (wlial«ver  niaj-  be  their  motive*),  cm 
autlioriu  or  saoctiun  niiy  man  in  iiueh  a  course  of  long  and  peraeveriag 
deeeption.  For  were  1  to  admit  »iu<-h  n  principle,  my  bonour  and 
chariicter  would  be  from  that  moment  in  tlic  ditcrriion  of  peraoiw 
wbolly  unsuthoriied,  and  known  to  you  to  be  uooatliorijcd,  lo  act  for 
nt«  in  such  a  canr.  It  vinn  ihcrc-forr  your  act  and  your  conduct  whicli 
deceived  mv: ;  nnd  it  ii>  linpoMiblc  lor  mc  to  acqiiie-ico  in  being  plaoni 
in  0  situation  by  j*ou  nliich  no  man  of  lionour  could  koowingly  (abmit 
lo,  nor  patiently  nufftr  biinx'lf  to  bi!  betrayed  into,  uriUioat  forfciling 
that  cbaniclrr.  1  liavr.  tio  riglil,  na  a  |)ublir  mail,  to  mcnt  yonr  dr- 
mandingc,  upon  public,  ground,  my  removal  from  (Ik:  particular  offico  i 
bavu  Imid,  or  even  from  the  admiiittlntlion,  a*  a  condition  of  your  con- 
tinuitig  a  nic-mbfT  of  tlie  government.  But  I  liarv  a  diittnct  tigbt  to 
expect  Ihiit  a  prupusilion,  juattliable  in  itM-'lf,  tlioJl  not  be  trxccntcd  in 
an  unjuiittliabl«  uiAnuer,  and  at  llie  cxpenM  of  niy  faonour  and  rcputa* 
limi.  And  I  consider  thai  you  irere  bound,  at  least,  to  aratJ  yourtrlf 
of  llut  name  alleraalivt.-,  namely,  your  own  resignation,  to  taiut  yoursc-if 
out  of  the  predicanitul  of  practising  suufa  a  Uectrit  tonards  m«,  wbicli 
you  did  exerdfte  in  demanding  a  decision  for  my  removal.  Under  lb«*e 
GiKUiaittiicea,  I  must  require  that  satiiiractiou  from  you  lo  which  I  fwl 
mjTMir entitled  lo  lay  claim.    I  am,  &e.  CAarLEaEAOH. 

"TVe  Bickt  Hok.  Oumm:  Caknikc,  &«.  lie.  kc.~ 


"  GLori'K»T»  LtHM-u  Siftmiir  tOA,  IMMi 
"  Mr  Lono, — The  li>n«  aad  ibe  purport  of  your  tonbblp')  lettcrt 
wbkh  I  hare  this  moment  receited,  of  courtc  prcdudo  niiy  other  bd- 
*wer  on  my  part  lo  the  misapprelienaiouR  and  mitrcprcM-ntatiou  wllii 
whwb  it  aboaodi,  than  ibat  I  trill  cliccrfuily  giro  to  year  lordship  iho 
utisfactJOD  which  you  require.     1  am,  &c.  GEOKtii  Cahnixo. 

"  Loan  Vmcovwt  Carixuaiiii.  in,  tM.  la.* 

The  feUowiog  »latvmeut  was  circulated  anwng  Mr  Canning'*  frkad* 
Mine  day*  before  lli«  preceding  letter*  vrert  made  public :  "  It  i»  perfectly 
true,  lliat  (o  long  ago  as  Easter,  Mr  Canniii|;  bad  r«preMBied  to  the 
duke  of  Portland  ibc  insufBcieucy  (in  hlii  opinion)  of  the  goTcrtmieuta 
ai  then  conidituted,  to  carry  on  lh«  aJfaira  of  tbe  country,  under  all  the 
diiBcuhi(«  of  tho  time*,  and  had  requested,  that  unlet*  lome  change 
should  be  cfftctM  in  it,  ho  might  b«  permiiu-d  to  rMign  hi*  otflcc  It 
ii  equally  true,  that  in  the  courw  of  tlir  discussion,  which  aroce  out  of 
this  rvprcsenlatioo,  it  was  proposed  lo  Mr  Canning,  and  occeptrd  by 
him,  n*  the  condition  of  his  couM-ntin;;  Iv  retain  the  scale  of  the  foreign 
ollicci  that  a  change  ihuuld  be  niadv  in  the  war  drpanmmt.  But  it 
is  not  trae  that  ibv  time  at  which  lliat  change  was  ultimately  ptopoacd 
to  be  Dudc  wos  of  Mr  Canning's  dtoice;  and  It  is  not  trve  that  l>e  wa« 
F-nrly  or  cotMcatiDg  to  tbo  cooceabnenl  of  that  intended  change  Awu 
i-ani  Castlereegli.  Witli  roapwl  to  lh«  coucealiocut,  Mr  Canning, 
some  short  time  pret iotis  to  the  date  of  [.ord  C**tUfragh»  Ivdrr,  with* 
out  the  MnallcM  tMpicion  of  iIk-  exislcuce  of  any  inlciililNi  wi  the  [wrl 


Priiop.) 


ROBSHT,  UAKQUKIK  Of  lOKDOHnSllliy. 


t99 


of  Lord  Cudereagh  to  make  such  mi  appeal  to  Mr  Canuinf;  na  tliat 
letter  coDiaiDR,  but  upon  information  that  unae  miauppreheoMOii  diil 
cxiti  as  to  Mr  Canning**  supposed  concui'mice  iii  liie  ntem  whioh 
had  bren  practUcd  lowariU  Lord  Caatlcmtg]i,  Iranunilted  to  oo«  of 
Ijord  C'a«ttrrritgh'8  mott  iniiniatc  friendf,  to  be  pommanicaled  wbeflonr 
W  might  think  proper,  tho  copy  or  ■  letter  addre»«ed  by  Mr  Canning 
to  Ihr  dukr  of  Portland,  in  the  month  of  July,  in  which  Mr  Canning 
rt()oc»t»,  'in  jiuitiec  to  himnrtf,  that  it  may  be  rrmrmbrrrd,  wbcnerrr 
liemftcT  tlii*  Koiioriilmcnt  shall  lie  allrgi-il  (»■  Up.  doubti  not  llial  it 
will)  against  bim,  w  an  act  at  injustioc  ton-arils  Lord  CiwtlCTea^li,  tliat 
it  did  not  originate  ia  liii  aufcgvntiOTi ;  that  >o  fur  >rom  dc«iring  it,  he 
coneetred,  Lowever  erroneously.  Lord  Camden  to  be  the  nure  channel 
of  communicalioQ  to  Lord  Cattlerea|;fa ;  and  that  up  to  a  very  late 
Mriod  be  believed  *ucb  comniuniciilion  to  have  be«n  actually  made.' 
^«  copy  of  this  brltcr,  and  of  tbr  ilokr  of  I'orttnnd'a  answer  to  it, 
'  ackoowiedging  Mr  Canning'*  repeated  rvmoiiitraoces  aKniiut  the  COK- 
cealmeni,'  are  Mill  in  tbe  poaaession  of  I^rd  Castlercagb'*  friend.  The 
OOmannEcation  to  Lord  Camdent  to  which  Uiia  letter  re&nt,  was  laade 
on  tba  S8th  of  April,  with  Mr  Canning's  knowledge,  and  at  his  particu- 
lar deairv.  Lord  Camden  being  the  near  conoecliou  and  nio«t  ran- 
fidcntial  friend  of  I^rd  Coatlereagh,  it  never  occurred  to  Mr  Canning, 
nor  wai  it  credible  to  bim,  till  he  received  the  mn»t  potitivo  oMCvcra- 
tiont  of  the  fact,  that  Lord  Camden  hod  kept  bock  nich  n  communim- 
lion  from  Lord  Coatlerngh.  With  respect  to  the  period  at  which  the 
ohange  in  tbe  war  department  wn*  to  take  place,  Sir  Canning  was  in- 
diioedi  in  tbe  iSnt  in>taner,  to  consent  to  ili  poalpanemcnt  till  the  rifing 
of  pariiameni,  portly  by  the  reprowntation  mcdo  to  himaclf  of  the  in- 
convcnioDCcn  of  any  chnngc  in  ih«  tniddlo  of  >  atatian,  but  priocipally 
from  a  coniidcration  of  lh«  particular  eircumMancn  under  which  I.ord 
Cattlcrvaigh  Mood  in  llw  bouac  of  coromoiu  after  Eoator;  circunuioiicca 
which  would  hare  given  to  hb  reUMTal  at  thnl  prriod  of  the  aeaiioa  « 
clioracter  whicfa  it  nai  ecrtninly  no  part  of  Mr  Canning'*  with  diat  il 
•bootd  bear.  Mr  Canning,  however,  received  the  moit  positive  pro. 
niise,  that  a  change  in  the  war  ili^parlnient  should  taku  place  iniine- 
dlatelf  upon  the  cloae  of  the  miioo.  When  that  time  arrived.  Ui« 
Mmcat  and  rq>eated  entreaties  of  most  of  Lord  CMtkreagh's  fKenda  In 
llic  calunet  were  anployml  (0  prevail  upon  Mr  Canning  to  content  to 
til*'  poilpooemcnt  of  tba  amagamenl.  At  icngth,  ai>d  niost  reluctantly, 
he  did  give  his  cocueot  to  its  being  poatponed  to  the  period  proposed 
by  Lord  CaitlcrtAgb'a  friendt,  vie  the  IcrratDaiioa  of  Ihe  expedition 
tbcn  in  preparation  ;  but  be  did  so  vpon  tbe  moat  diilinct  and  solemn 
aasorancca,  that,  whatever  might  be  tbe  ttauo  of  tbe  eipedition,  the 
eftaage  should  take  place  at  that  period ;  that  ibe  seal*  of  Ih^i  war  de- 
partment should  then  be  otfertd  to  Lord  Wdlealey  (tbe  person  lor 
wlote  aceeaaioa  to  tbe  cabinet  Mr  Canning  was  known  to  be  mo*t 
anKiaaa)i  and  that  tbe  inlenal  should  be  diligently  etnpjoyed  by  Lo<il 
CaHlereagh'i  fneads,  in  prep^ng  Lor\l  Caatlcnagfa's  mind  to  aequtwee 
In  such  an  amugeoHBL  II  waa  tfaercAtO  nttlter  of  astoniaknwnl  to 
Mr  Canning,  wheui  at  tbe  liaM  of  tbe  «qw£lloB,  ba  nmiadtd  the  Anka 
of  Portland,  that  the  lime  wai  now  eoma  Ibr  hia  graci-'*  writing  to  Lord 
Wailcaley,  to  find,  that  so  br  Avm  tbe  inteml  having  l>cen  rniployi^l 
by  LonI  Cartlcrengb's  frienda  in  preparing  LonI  Caitlercnfb  for  the 


9DS 


rotiTicAr.  (ERies. 


pln»«w 


diftngSi  Uu  Mtnc  reserve  lioil  brrii  con  linn  I'd  tgwanlt  liini,  igitwt  iriileh 
Hr  Cumii^  hud  bn&iri!  mi  nMTDi^slly  reiuuiisiraiiiJ.  Ik-ing  inbnDMl  of 
dib  eirieanHt4uioc  by  iW  diik«  or  PoHlaod.  and  ievning  at  lb«  mne 
tiB«  from  fay  gmce,  ihat  lh«r«  wure  Olber  dtlSmllK*  aUtiidiog  tbt  pn»> 
miH^l  airangr.mciil,  f>t  u'liJch  Mr  CaDiiiog  liad  uot  bcforp  been  tpprned; 
and  that  tite  doku  of  Portlaaii  had  hinuelf  come  (o  a  drtcmination  to 
min  tma  office,  Mr  Canning  ioftanll}-,  and  before  mny  tUp  whalever 
liad  been  Ubea  towarda  carrying  the  proiuiacd  lurangcmrnt  inlo  rffecl, 
willidrvw  his  claim,  and  rr<iu«t4(xl  tlir  diikr  of  forUamt  to  lender  hit 
(Mr  CsMuiiig'fe)  retignnUiHi,  at  Ibe  iiuur  time  «ith  hi*  grMc'*,  to  iba 
kitig.  Tbii  was  oa  W<itoi'KUy,  the  6ifa  of  S«|>loinber.  prevKrady  to 
tiM  leree  of  that  day.  All  ijucition  of  the  pt-Tfomuiace  of  the  nromiic 
made  to  Mr  Canning  beiag  ibu*  at  an  end,  the  reMtre  whicli  Lonl 
Ca»tlcr«ttgh'i  frimda  lud  hiib<-no  &o  peneveringly  pnctii«d  luwanli 
Lord  Ca^eri-iigh  *ppear<  lo  have  b<«n  laid  a«ide.  Lonl  CkMlerca|;h 
wot  now  niadv  actjuainted  wiih  the  natore  of  the  amingi-mcnl  ittiidb 
had  been  iateoiled  to  have  been  [)ropof(<d  to  him.  What  may  kare 
been  the  reaeon*  which  pr«v4vled  lA>r>l  Ca«tletrsgh'a  fn«»dl  fron  fU- 
Blitog  the  aituranccs  given  lo  Mr  Canning,  iliat  L«nl  Catdflragb'* 
mind  tbould  be  prepared  by  ll>cir  communicationt  tor  rkc  arrangeaienl 
inleodcd  to  be  carried  into  cliect;  and  what  ti>r  moliveii  Ibr  tlw  dio- 
cIoailM  to  Lord  Cnitlcrcogb,  ollnr  that  BrfsngemrM  had  ct^ojcd  to  ba  i 
in  ooalemplation,  it  ii  not  for  Mr  Camung  to  explain." 

1^  fiilloviiig  i>  Earl  C^onnlcn*  alatenienl,  in  aiuwi-r  t<>  Mr  Cannii^'a 
bregoiog  cxjilanaliou.  n-ipeclhig  llie  charge*  brought  again*!  him  by 
Lord  Coatlereagli :  "  As  it  may  be  Infenedt  from  a  ataMnent  wbtob  ha* 
nppewfd  in  tiw  public  papc^  that  Lord  CaudoB  wlikbtli)  fron  Lonl 
CaMlereogfa  a  eummunicuiion  whiefa  he  hod  been  doairrd  to  make  la 
him,  it  N  neoeMory  that  it  tbould  be  understood,  that  hovcrnr  Mr 
Canning  might  have  conceived  the  communicaticn  allodod  IO|  to  han*  \ 
been  mode,  to  Lord  Carndfa,  it  t>cvcr  wa*  Hated  10  Lord  Camden  tint 
the  onnimunicaiion  «aj  made  at  Ihu  desire  of  Mr  Canning;  wd  tbiii, 
to  for  Hrom  Lord  Camden  having  been  authoriied  to  make  tlte  eoaunu- 
nication  to  Lurtl  Caulereagb,  h«  was  afaMlnldy  rortiiclcd  fiom  *a 
■tuing.  A*  it  rnay  also  be  inferrtHJ,  Oial  Lord  Canden  waa  espectrd  10 
preptra  Lord  CMik-rfagb'*  mind  for  any  propoeed  change,  il  ia  ne«e»* 
Mry  that  it  ihonld  bo  undervlood,  that  Lord  Camden  never  lyfff^  la 
communiealo  to  Lord  Caatkrcagli  auy  circuRuUocai  rcapoelUB  ^ 
baton  the  termination  ofthe  eipedition." 

The  two  minitlera,  with  Ihuir  rcqwctive  aecond*,  met  on  Pninry 
Death,  and,  at  the  n-cond  eschange  of  oboU.  Canning  waa  wounded  in 
ilic  right  thi^h,  and  Coatlvreagb  bad  one  of  the  bvtIoM  shot  off  bia 
eoBl.  Ttio  parties  then  qiiiiml  the  ground  witboui  eipUnalion,  and  | 
both  immediately  afterwortU  tendered  their  realgnaiMua. 

In  l»l^,  on  ihedcatliol'  Ptmtni,  Lord  CaOleroagb  bMama  mim- 
lary  of  Mau-  fur  fareign  aAJn,  which  pa«t  be  hold  during  the  iiiiiinliiiliir 
uf  hi.-  lit,  rvmalniog  virtnally,  Ihoagh  not  nouinotly,  at  the  hood  of  tbo 
adminutraiion 

On  the  downloU  of  Napoleon,  Lord  CaatlerHgh  oUemled  aa  fiiWah 
plenlpotootiary  at  the  congrew  of  Vimna.     Never  had  an  RoglMi  nio* 
iattir  a  more  glorious  upfmrtunily  afforded  hitn  of  advancing  the  inlereatil 
ami  hmmura  of  his  eounlry,  nnd  sr«-urit>g  tiiniM'lf  an  inniiorial  name  in] 


I'fuaat 


nOBEHT,  UAHttUBU  OF  LONDOMDBKHV. 


897 


hor  «liitBl<  i  ami  im^vot  dM  K  niniittrr  «ct  «  n^akrr  (larl,  Whilu  li« 
totally  ncgliictcd  llio  iatcroiU,  uail  above  all,  Umi  comaicrciAl  rclalloat 
or  BriuiD)  be  hIIoumI  ibn  ftllinl  MvvrcigiM  to  anallitlalc  wtnc  oF  ibe 
pioit  ancieot  uuij  liberal  coMlitullou*  of  Europe,  to  Imak  tlicir  taott 
Mkuin  plcilg««,  aud  lo  tkitn  aiuongat  Uieouelve*  Um  Lion'v  pari  in  (lie 
new  fetllemeot  of  aOain*.  *'  So  vlly  a  tmtj'  as  Ibu  made  by  your 
mini»t«»  lor  their  own  counlTy,"  Mid  Napolrao  In  kb  converMtioof 
will)  O'Mnra,  "  was  oervr  knovii  Iwfiire.  You  kivo  sp  erery  ihingt 
and  gain  ootbiug.  All  ibe  oUicr  power*  gaiDcd  ooquUilions  of  country 
and  million*  of  Roub,  bol  ynu  jtivs  up  cotonie*.  l-br  exiunplr,  you  give 
up  tliu  i»Ic  of  Bourbon  lo  th«  t-VriwIi.  A  mora  impolitic  »ci  you  eouM 
not  bare  dMnmillnl.  You  ought  to  rndravour  lo  oiakQ  the  traacb 
forijet  tbc  way  to  India,  and  all  Indun  policy,  in>-l44d  of  lacing  them 
halAvay  lliera,  Wiiy  did  you  sivc  up  Java?  Wliy  Surinam,  or  htar- 
UniqiWi  or  Um  otbur  Frvucb  voloni**?  To  aruHl  doing  h>.  you  bud 
Dotltiog  nio<r«  to  My  tliau  ilial  you  would  retain  tbeui  lor  tlio  &*k  year* 
tbc  allictl  power*  wero  to  remain  ia  France.  Wliy  not  deinnnd  Huui- 
biir^li  for  llanoi^or?  Tb«n  you  would  have  an  entrepiVt  ttir  your  niiuin- 
rofiuro.  In  irutH!*,  an  onibouMlor  ogght  lo  takr  ndvauin^c  ofrvvry 
ihiug  for  llic  benefit  of  hii  own  coontry.  All  your  tniicrira  I  tnaintain  to 
be  owtDg  (o  llie  iuiiM.-cility  aud  ignoraueu  of  Lord  Castle rrujtli.  and  Iii* 
inittiwliow  totbe  ruul  pcu«pertty  of  biaowu  cuunlry.  Had  I^rdsGnMi- 
villa  or  Welladeiy  buun  anibaMadum,  I  aiu  eoDiiuc«d  ihai  tb»  iulitrMta 
of  Englaud  would  kara  been  oouuUed.  Wkat  would  ihoM  Eugli*li< 
men,  wbo  Uvad  one  hundred  year*  ego,  wy,  if  Uiey  trndd  nw  (ton 
Ibeir  sravH,  b*  iaftirmed  of  jour  gloriOM  tiicoenea,  ca«t  ibeir  0jt» 
upon  EngUnd,  witnw  bcr  dlslresi,  and  be  wfiirawd,  that,  in  tlic  trolly 
of  ptsacc,  not  a  tingle  article  for  Ui«  benefit  of  Bngtand  had  been  aiipu- 
laud !  dial,  on  the  oontrvy.  you  bad  glveo  up  coDqueMa  and  ooroiner- 
ciol  right*  neCMtary  to  your  csiitence  ?  When  AiMCrIa  gained  ten 
■lillioni  of  inhabitant*,  Uunia  oighi.  IVumIa  ton,  UoUand,  llnvaria, 
Sardinia,  and  crcry  other  power,  obtained  an  incrtsic  of  territory,  wby 
Bol  IvuK'aod,  wbu  wa«  the  main  organ  of  all  the  aucoM*?  IiuIcmI  of 
tetabUihiii^  a  number  of  tndcpeadtBnt  uftrilhiM  MalMi  »«a)i  w  Hun- 
burgh,  Sinibuud,  Dantxic,  Genoa,  lo  »erve  aj  eittrcpdt*  for  your  uunu* 
heturcii,  wiUi  coiidiiiou*,  cilbcr  M-cn-t  or  oiherwi«.',  favourable  to  yuur 
SomuMToo,  you  hare  boMly  given  up  Getioa  (o  the  king  trf  Sardinia, 
and  united  Ildgiuin  to  Holland.  You  have  rafldtrod  youradrp*  liaied 
by  tli<  Iialiau*  and  BelgioM,  and  hate  door  imporaUe  iiy'nry  lo  your 
tniJe.  Tor,  although  it  i*  a  g<vat  point  l<>r  yos  that  Belgium  tbould 
be  •oparnlnl  from  France,  it  u  a  *«riou*  dt*BdrBBtage  to  you  tfaai  ebn 
thoaU  be  united  lo  llolluid.  llotUnd  ha»  no  oiumfaAtoriea,  Md  eoa- 
•M|iMfatly  would  bare  bcconu-  a  drpAl  for  youn,  from  whmoa  a  pro- 
dtgioui  iodui  would  bo  k«pt  up  in  the  Cotiltnent.  Now,  bowerer,  that 
Dulgium  ha*  been  mode  a  pnti  of  llulland,  ihia  U*t  wdl  nalarally  prc- 
fcr  taking  the  maaafutuies  of  her  lubjccta  lo  ihoM  of  a  Mnager.  aud 
all  Belgium  nuy  be  called  a  numufaclutinj;  tonn.  Independeut  of  ihi<. 
in  oiae  of  any  futurv  war  «ilti  France  lloUaud  mu*l  join  Um  Uiicr 
lliKNigli  fcM  of  loMBg  the  provinoe*  of  JMgiuiB.  Peuf>l«  alway*  con- 
•idtfr  the  daogcriliH  Ji  atott  immtnent."  In  the  tame  booh  «o  lind 
Xapulcon  afhriiiiiig  ihut  Lord  C*j>tl«Toagh  offeml  him  an  a*ylu(u  in 
EMigliuHl,  bufurc  Int  itoit  to  Elba,  faying,  be  fhnuhl  be  "veiy  well 
VII.  It  r 


398 


POLITICAI.  KRIU. 


fNlKTB 


treated  ihtrr,  and  much  better  olf  thnii  in  Elbe."  "  Th«  real  fnct," 
Mid  Na{>okon,  "  i>,  tbat  lie  first  proposed  it.  l^rnm  I  went  la  Klba, 
Ijjrd  C'asllereagh  Mid  to  Caulninroiirt,  '  Why  doc*  Nnpolwio  ttiink  of 
eoinK  (ci  Elba?  Let  him  come  to  England.  He  will  be  rcccired  in 
Loiidoit  wilh  lh«  grentcit  pli-jiaiirr,  and  uiil  (.■xpcrience  llie  bc>t  pO»- 
tible  IrealRient.  He  mutt  Dut,  iiuwcver,  uslc  permiMiori  lu  cl>^ll^,  bc- 
cau)>e  that  would  take  up  too  mucli  time:  but  let  him  give  himseir  up 
to  itR,  without  making  aoy  cundiiionH.  and  he  will  be  received  with  tlie 
gr4-atr»t  jor,  and  be  muoh  better  than  at  Elba."  "  Tliis,"  add«d  br. 
"had  much  influence  with  me  afterwards."  Another  paata)^  tlirowa 
KMic  light  OR  the  minitt^r'a  character:  ''  At  C'hatillon  wiili  (be  uahta- 
■ador*  ol  thu  allied  powers  nfWr  some  nuccmo  nl'  minr,  and  wben  I 
bad  in  a  manneT  inv^'sted  the  town,  he  (Lord  ('.)  wni  gmttly  nlarmed 
Icit  I  might  he'ite  and  make  him  a  prifanef;  aj,  not  bi-ing  accredited  w 
an  nmbrtMRdor,  nor  ini-ciltid  with  any  diplomatic  cbaract<T  to  Prance, 
i  might  have  Inkrn  him  an  an  enemy.  He  went  to  Caulaincniirt.  Ii> 
ulumi  lie  mentioned  tliat  he  *  lubouivd  under  cuniideniblc  apprnhen' 
aioni  that  I  ihimld  cause  violent  liands  to  be  laid  u{>un  biia,'  a*  be  ac- 
knowlt-clgcd  I  hud  a  rij;ht  to  do.  It  was  iinpoosible  for  him  to  g«-t  away 
without  falling  in  mlh  my  iroopt.  Caulaincuurt  replitrd.  that  a*  lar  a* 
hifi  owct  opiiiiou  went,  he  would  my  lliat  1  would  nut  meddle  with  bim, 
but  that  he  could  not  answer  for  what  1  might  do.  Immediately  after, 
CnulaitiL'Ourt  wrote  to  me  what  Ca»tlereagh  had  fiaid,  and  his  own  an- 
awer.  I  gigriified  to  him  in  reply,  that  he  was  to  tell  Lord  Caitlereaijh 
to  mahe  hit  mind  ca«y  and  *tny  whric  lie  wai;  that  1  would  eonsidcr 
hint  on  an  nmbainuidnr.  At  Chntillon,"  eontinard  hr>  ''when  fpeakinj; 
about  the  lik-rty  enjoyed  in  England,  ('a^llercngh  obwrved,  tn  a  cod* 
Irmpttious  manner,  thiit  it  vrax  out  the  thing  most  to  be  esteemed  in 
your  countrj-,  that  it  wax  an  usage  whieb  they  wen:  obliged  to  put  ap 
with ;  but  liad  bi-eome  au  abuse,  and  would  not  answer  Tor  other  coun- 
lri«."  Lord  Castlerca^ib'ji  conduct  however  in  conera*  received  the 
ihanka  ofa  venial  parttaincni.  and  waa  further  rewarded  by  a  ribbon  of 
the  Garter. 

On  tlie  BHCmbling  oT  parliament,  in  1816,  Brougham  morrd  for  a 
copy  of  a  treaty  concluded  at  Pftria,  on  the'2Glh  o(  September,  between 
Kiiuia,  Aiutria,  and  IVuiua,  and  which  had  received  the  name  of  ibc 
IMy  AUiance.  By  thin  aingtilar  document,  which,  aaid  the  le«n>«d 
member,  was  couched  in  the  most  devout  and  solemn  language,  and 
Gon«)iil«d  of  three  articles,  the  three  polrntalej,  memberi  of  different 
Christian  churches,  dedared  their  resulution.  both  in  thHr  dom«ati« 
admiaiirtralioii  aud  fureigu  relaliuusi  lu  take  fur  their  guide  the  precepts 
of  the  holy  religion  taught  by  our  Saviour.  They  bound  themarlvei  in 
a  fraternity  of  mutual  aMisIance,  regarding  iheintetves  aa  delegated  by 
Providence  to  govern  three  branc.hr>  of  one  and  the  »aDie  Chriitiaii 
nation,  of  which  the  Divine  Being  wm  the  sole  real  Sovereign;  and 
Ihey  declared  that  all  such  poiret^  ai  should  tolemnly  avow  the  aarred 
])rinciples  which  had  u<:luated  thi-ni  woultl  h«  received  with  ardour  into 
this  '  holy  alliimce.'  lie  obscrvi-d,  that  there  wns  nometbiug  ao  aingu- 
lar  ill  the  laitguugp  of  the  treaty  as  to  warrant  no  little  Jealousy.  He 
eould  not  think  ihnt  it  rffcrred  to  objcetii  merely  spiriluni :  the  partition 
of  I'olaud  had  betn  prefaced  by  language  very  similaT  to  that  now  uaed ; 
and  ih«  proclamation  of  the  Bmpreas  Catherine,  which  voiiad  Dp  thai 


rtmldP.]  nOKEHT,  MARtlUCU  OV  LONUOKDCRnY.  S90 

futal  ingnly,  wiw  couched  in  almou  Ui«  muii«  u-oriU.  Lord  Caiitl«- 
rciigb  viiidicalcil  tbc  motitt*  of  ihe  etii|>eraT  ur  Ituuia,  XDil  »uted  Lli»t 
llie  |>rii>Ci--rF)tciit — vhosc  nccnvioo  to  lliw  alliance  bad  b««n  folieitcd— 
liati  tiprcMLil  hia  sattifactioii  in  it*  ti^ndeney  ;  but  he  nppocrd  tlu;  pn>- 
ductioD  of  ifae  docuniciit  itMilf,  on  tbc  grouiHl  thaX  it  wm  cnntmry  lo 
the  prscticie  of  parlUouMit  to  call  for  copic*  of  trealic*  to  wliidi  this 
countrj  va*  no  party. 

lu  IddO,  the  Iloly  Alliance  publBbed  iu  &boim  Circular, — n  rooni- 
Knto  containiii);  iho  avowal  of  principle*  to  otiuinioua  tlut  all  )>art*i» 
in  tlw  Briikfa  parliamcni,  aod  noae  more  loudly  llian  the  adlierenla  of 
tbe  minuter,  joined  in  cxprtMiDK  tbcir  abliorrencc  of  it.  It  tr«*  re- 
iDark«l,  Uovcvrr,  that  Ix>nl  CMUWwgh  apoke  of  this  preciou*  docu- 
nieut  iu  very  guonliHl  and  courticr-lU«  teriiM,  contenting  bimMlf  iritb 
the  adaituibu  iliat  "  tbe  principle  (of  intrrfcronoc)  oMorti^d  in  the  Cir< 
cular  waa  carried  further  lliaii  «a»  MCisial^iot  «ilb  pruJriioo  and  niMind 
|«liry." 

During  tbu  laboriou*  (amon  of  1622,  hi*  lordaliip  wm  obterved  lu 
betray  occaitotial  ■yiuptMUi  uf  mental  irritation  nhich  hi>  ino*t  inlinMtu 
frirnda  bad  never  bEfbre  obierTnl  in  bim.  lie  bad  an  inttrcifv  n-itli 
the  king  on  Friday  (be  9tli  of  Aueuit,  I633t  inuuMlialcly  prvviooit  lo 
bii  nujinty'i  departnra  for  Scotland.  Ou  ihii  oocaaioa,  it  ia  aid.  "  bb 
mnjcity  ubi  inrpriicd  ami  alamod,  at  tiK-  ineolicretil  inaiincT  iu  nliicfa 
Lurd  Lnndoiuk-rry  caiiTer»0*l  i  >od  afU.*r  ibe  noble  lord'*  departare,  it 
is  itutnl,  tliat  the  king  wrote  to  I^td  Liverpool,  nentioning  that  the 
luaciiucH  of  Loadondorrj-  had  ju>t  been  with  him,  and  ihnt  he  had  talked 
in  a  very  remarkabU-  manner;  that  liu  majnty  felt  nlarmed  on  hi*  lord* 
tliip'«  Account ;  Bud  that  it  would  be  *dnuble  to  take  brcotniog  pre- 
cauiHMia  to  have  tb«  opportuutty  of  WBt«blng  bia  lordshi)i'B  coihIucIi 
lib  ninjtaty  further  urged  thn  necciiity  of  at  once  having  luedtMl  ad- 
vice;  but  if  pouiUlc,  without  lelliog  bit  lonUbip  knoi*  that  hi*  de- 
meanor bod  been  tbe  sut^ect  of  any  rvmark,  Oa  llic  uoniurMof  IjOii- 
dooderry'*  arrival  at  bb  botiac  in  St  James's  M)uare,  iU  laily  and 
*evi-ral  persons  iu  lib  catabluhmcnt  noticed  in  bu  lonlihi|>  a  Angular 
inoobervDcc  of  look,  and  great  agitaliun  of  iQind.  Dr  Bankbead,  nlio 
bad  bcra  lor  many  yaara  bb  lonUbi)i'ii  pbyniciau,  naa  isuDediolcly  acat 
liir.  He  bund  hU  illuatrieua  paliint  tuUHiring  under  «  conaldcnUs 
deproaion  uf  tpirila,  and  oompUning  of  an  o])|ire«aivu  aeoMtian  tn  tlu 
bead.  Dr  Bankbevd  reeoouaooilMl  tbat  h«  ohould  be  cupped,  and 
waited  until  the  cupper  arriTed,  by  wboia  seven  ouoce*  of  blood  wcro 
taken  from  the  back  of  hii  lonUhip's  neck.  Thb  evidently  relieved 
biiBi  and  Dr  Dankbeatl  suggcitcd  tbe  profirlHy  of  hb  taking  (rpow 
on  tba  ao&  for  half  an  hour,  before  he  act  out  for  North  Cray,  whither 
ha  waa  HI  iba  ttt  of  departure.  With  thb  advice  tlie  noWe  toed  com- 
pliod,  ami  btcama  mncli  more  compoied.  lie  was  aitcnded  Ity  bb  lady 
n  iih  ibc  moat  aStetiiMialn  aolidtniie.  and  by  her  per*«a*ian  look  some 
lea.  Dr  Bankhcad  then  gave  him  aoote  apetienl  mediciDc.  desiring 
that  he  aould  take  it  in  the  niorning,  and  keep  himaelf  cool  end  i|n)ek 
lib  lordrhip,  brlore  be  tool:  hb  leave,  staled  that  be  frll  hinaclf  ex> 
troindy  unwell ;  and  stipulated  that  Ur  lliuikli(«d  sliouhl  go  lo  NortJi 
Cray  the  neat  day,  and  remain  with  hint  until  he  was  belter.  To  thb 
Dr  Bankbcad  ^iced,  and  ibey  partedi  tbe  marqnas*  and  bb  lady  aeUing 
out  br  bb  aeau    On  Satonlay  cvkud^  Dr  Bankbcad,  in  pursuoace  of 


TOLtTICAI.  SBHIBS. 


tVlWB 


Mb  proinii^,  procmlnl  tn  Nnrth  Cray :  he  arrireil  abant  icrca  o'cloekt 
finil  na*  immcilinlrl;  »lianii  inlo  the  inarquus's  room.  Il«  IimitiiI  bcm 
in  tircl ;  but  fruui  (fai>  iimiiiitT  in  wliich  he  addreMMl  liim  on  hi*  ap- 
proach, bi^  at  onvv  miv  thai  lie  «-«■  labouring  uodrr  a  oeriou*  nrrvooi 
mtuck.  il<T  t lid t-a toured  (o  eompOM  his  rniiid,  utd  raulMd  wUb  khn 
tlie  btlier  part  nf  (he  niglil,  i^in  giring  him  »oine  cooMnf-  ncdiciiie, 
nnd  coiiflaing  lux  did  lo  food  of  the  nimplnt  cbaractpr.  I'hc  wbole  of 
Itip  iiMl  day  hi*  lordnbip  continued  in  br-d ;  but  agmin  rvincrd  mch  a 
nayirardncM  or  imagination,  and  itci'Ruit  to  be  laboariog  unilrr  Mich 
(-iiraordinar)-  dduiioni,  that  it  vtas  deemed  rxpcdtrnt  to  remove  (hwi 
hi*  reach  every  thiiix  by  which  he  iiiif;ht  do  liiniscir  boitily  miacliirr. 
Hi<  lonbhip  frrquviitly  i-ipmsMl  apprehf  urions  that  h«  irai  the  object 
of  some  dn^adful  tontpirecy ;  and  even  when  be  Knir  Dr  0ankJ]«ad  and 
his  amiable  mnrehloQeM  tolliing  (ogelher,  he  exclaimed  that  be  waa  ainv 
llu-y  were  plotting  some  mischief  ngniiwl  him.  Hi*  manm>r  too,  vhidi 
liad  born  usually  kind  nnd  induljtriit.  bi-ramc  horth  and  lerrre-  He 
grew  petulant  and  tmjKitietit :  still  tile  pliysi<:ian  cair  no  ground  for 
M>rioiio  apprelx-ntiun,  and  did  nut  dwm  it  new  wry  to  call  in  additional 
lulvier.  Mr  attributed  liis  lordship'a  iiteaac  lo  tiK  treat  oiuiety  and 
fatigue  incident  to  liis  very  Irkaotne  oHtcv,  and  hoped  that  a  little  rguiet 
would  rcitore  him  to  lii*  acouvtomed  ri^ur  of  mind  and  muiitituliua. 
He  remained  with  his  lonbbip  until  a  late  hour  on  Sunday  nigbl,  and 
obterrcd  with  pleaiurc  that  h\»  oonivrMtion  became  more  ratloaal:  at 
length  be  leA  hiro  viih  llie  mnrchiofieM,  nnd  retired  to  an  ai^ning 
nioin.  In  the  morning  the  mar^urMi,  nflcr  having  had  lome  iletp, 
■woke  mddcnly  nnd  rang  the  hell:  the  marchtODCM'*  maid  anwMTeJ 
it:  when  he  tttkiil  her  whut  nhe  wanted  iii  lh9  room,  apparently  fiwyt- 
ting  that  he  ha<l  Kummnned  tier.  Thv  inarclitouM«  then  laid  thai  liis 
lordaliin  wanted  brenkful,  and  breakfast  wb<>  accordingly  brought.  He 
liiiind  bull  wild  it.  and  aaid  it  was  not  lit  for  liim,  altbougb  precisely 
(he  Mme  a*  u^ual.  At  half-past  seven  lia  rang  again,  nnd  desired  that 
Or  Honkbcnd  might  l>e  sent  to  him.  The  mardiinoeM  then  quitted 
the  rootn,  and  entered  her  own  dressing- room.  At  lliu  nroflteirt  the 
serraat  rtlireil,  and  went  to  apjirite  Dr  I),  of  hi*  lordsliip'ii  ikatrr. 
Dr  B.  said  be  it«9  ready  to  attend  immolEately.  The  servant  ibeo 
went  back  to  aee  that  her  mistress  had  retired ;  and  at  that  moowat. 
wbihi  the  Blood  in  the  pottage,  the  manjuMa  opcDcd  the  door,  and  msliml 
by  her  into  hia  drttsiitg-rooni.  He  uas  attirvd  only  in  bii  dressing- 
i;own.  She  waa  nlnrmed,  and  called  hr  Dt  B.,  who  ruthed  to  the  spot. 
}ihe  said  bcr  lord  hid  gona  inlo  ha  drmtng-rooni.  and  Dr  B.  Iiaitciird 
Ibrvard ;  when,  at  the  moment  he  readied  the  door,  he  saw  tbe  mar- 
(jueis  with  hi*  Avnt  luward*  ih«  ivJadov,  and  hia  face  loirards  the  ecil* 
ing;  and  hb  r^l  arm  alao  acesncd  to  be  caked.  Wiihoul  tumisg 
round,  he  evdntmed,  as  if  conacioos  who  «a*  apfmiaching.  having  in 
fact  been  appritcd  of  it  bj-  the  prrvioos  annnonceneot  of  the  aervant, 
'  Bunkhead,  tct  me  bll  upon  your  arm  :  it  is  all  ovvrl'  This  «aa  all 
he  Mid,  The  doctor  ran  forward,  tod  caught  liitn  on  hi*  arm ;  but. 
unaUe  to  sustain  hi*  weight,  let  him  full  to  the  ground,  l^fr,  liowrvcr, 
«viis  nimoat  inrtnntancwisly  eiiinei,  ami  a  lorrmt  of  blood  roshMl  from 
■  wimnd  in  his  iieek-  On  r<irlIior  inv('Mi);Blion,  Dr  II.  fouiid  a  imall 
rlosp-baife,  with  a  while  Itandir,  and  a  eiirved  )4a<}c  of  ahuot  two  inrhea 
in  li-Mg(l>,  elenciKO  in  ht*  right  hand,  wiib  whteta  it  appeared  tbai  b* 


MUk] 


DAVID  niCARDO. 


aoi 


I 


bad  juM  inHided  Ihe  TaUl  wound.  The  carotid  arteiy,  or  jujcubr  min, 
wn  oouipl«1«ly  divided,  and  with  aiiaUMuical  prMJsion;  Tor  the  «xUM)t 
or  the  e&temal  oriHre  did  not  exceed  an  inch  in  width,  «hil«  the  d«plK 
ua^  tno  inclif*.  The  i»o«(  pxpert  surgeon,  if  «Dd«RVMiring  to  exlin- 
gnWh  humnn  life  with  the  iiimoft  jNromptJIudf,  could  not  bum  effected 
ili«  object  inont  •cirntiliciilljr.''' 

Lonl  Caitlerragb,  in  private  lifi;,  is  caid  In  have  bMn  anifbrmly 
bland,  and  uno*triilatiau>  in  fat*  maannrk,  uid  >inipl«  in  h'»  liabitL  Mia 
tolenta  were  inadcqualc  to  tbr  iliilir*  of  hia  public  »talion,  but  br  ri>mii>l 
Dpon  tli«  wholn  a  tJtilfut  dcbitcr.  Hi*  adminiHiration  was  ihn  most 
);i-ucially  unpofMilar,  perliajKi,  of  any  fircmirr'i  ni'  (he  tiror^iati  era:  it 
ira«  0|)|Kned  in  it«  (pint  to  every  thing  Irrr  and  lihrnl  and  rutixbtrneil. 
and  marked  bjr  itH«surca  vhich  im  miniatcr  of  ilio  crown  would  now 
ailMUpt  to  put  in  force. 


BabiU  JUicavUo, 


I 


■otii  A.D.  I77S.— MB*  A.R,  I839l 

This  emtneM  polkieal  wononiix  was  the  aon  of  a  Jew  and  itocfc- 
bruker.  Ub  father  bad  trained  hini  to  liti  own  busineM:  but,  iu  eoiuc- 
igueiici;  ofhb  renouncing  Judanm  and  tnarrying  a  LhriMian  lady,  white 
ytt  a  young  man,  and  dependmt  on  bk  Attlwrf  bounty,  be  wa*  driven 
fnxn  bit  pweni'a  houw^  and  eofopclted  to  »ek  a  livebhood  fbr  bimwIC 
wbii-b  hii  indtuiry  and  ability  mod  enabW  faim  to  do,  and  even  to 
rcaliic  a  very  bondaofnc  forluiK. 

It  woi  not  until  (onewhat  advanced  in  lifn  that  be  aeenu  to  bare 
dtpecttd  hii  altCDlMM  to  poUtleal  eoonomy.  Hi*  firM  apccutation*  on 
■  hi*  aubject  were  occanoned  by  Ua  indaMlc  oonnesion  with  the  bank, 
and  iIm  Krvat  drpreeimion  of  tbe  euireney  about  the  year  IfilO,  iu 
which  j-MT  he  publitltcd  a  acriea  of  letter*  on  tlia  currency  in  the 
*  Moraipg  Cbraaide.'  in  which  he  gava  a  luminoo*  expOMtlon  of  the 
prinoiptta  which  re|{ii]ate  the  dIatrlbuUon  of  the  pftdous  metals.  Hi« 
mgHnioot  were  e«po«»ed  by  tlie  Bullion  eomiitttre,  and  ably  vindicnted 
by  liiinacir  in  ha  reply  to  Uouiiqnet**  atrletiirc*  on  ibc  report.  Hi^i 
MibK()nMt  ptnipklttt  *  On  tha  Pn>(lt«  of  Stock,'  and  '  On  tbn  Bent 
Mno*  of  HonriBi  a  aafe  and  reonofnioal  Currency,'  wen  io  every  re- 
tptxt  worthy  of  bit  previous  ri-pulalioo.  In  1HI7  far  pobtisheil  a  work 
OiililhHl  '  PVinciplea  uf  Pulitioal  Ueonomy  and  Taulioo,'  in  whidi  ho 
ouoii-udi,  in  oppwilJon  to  Dr  Smith,  "  that  (ho  aceomulatian  of  capital, 
and  tha  payment  of  rent,  have  no  effrcl  whatever  in  increuaing  the  real 
(wice  of  MMnmodittn :  and  thala  m  every  cawi,  the  rxclian^tcablc  value 
uf  Mich  k*  can  be  incremed  in  quaatiiy  by  the  cxeniotw  of  human  in- 
dtwtry,  aiul  on  ibe  production  of  which  r«Ri petition  onemlei  without 
mirainit  can  only  be  augmcntnl  by  an  auj^i-ntatiwi  of  llie  quautiiy  of 
labour  necoMtily  rtquired  to  faring  them  into  market."  Hit  thr»ty  of 
Henit  or  miher  bk  expoaition  and  correction  or  >tr  Malihii*a  theory. 
k  an  caifinrly  lucid  and  ncale  arguflMnt. 

la  1810  Mr  llieardo  was  relbriMHt  to  parliatuenl  for  tlic  boroagb  i>f 


'  Auwil  UHu■r]^ 


303  rOLITICAL  >CK1U.  [Kina 

PortariiDgton  id  Ireland.  As  a  senator  be  comnuuided  llie  highest 
nvpect  of  both  aide*  of  the  house  on  all  finantnal  tjaatknia.  He  died 
in  September,  188S. 


.9otm,  Carl  0t  Kmcrnt 

■OKS   L.O.   1736. DIEDA.P.   1623. 

This  celebrated  and  moU  mentoriona  naval  officer  was  born  at  Mea- 
font  in  Staffoidahire.  He  na  the  second  son  of  Swynfen  Jervia,  Esq., 
bartister,  and  aoditor  of  Greenvich  hospitaL  He  leceived  the  nidi- 
uients  of  education  at  the  grammar-school  of  Borton-upon-TrenI,  bat 
evincing  an  almost  nncontrcUable  propensity  for  the  sea,  he  was  allowed 
to  enter  the  nai^'  at  the  inutile  age  of  ten  jean,  .\fler  the  peace  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle  he  was  sent  to  France,  where  be  appears  to  hare  prose- 
cttled  hb  stutUea  for  a  few  months;  but  in  1749  he  was  entered  on  board 
the  Gloucester  as  a  midshipman. 

In  1759  he  served  under  Sir  Charles  Saunders  in  the  expedition 
against  Quebec.  Sir  Cbarlei  soon  after  advanced  him  to  the  rank  of 
ciimmander,  and  in  1760  he  was  poated  to  the  Gosport  of  60  guns,  la 
17C9  he  was  honoured  to  bear  the  congratulations  of  the  British  court 
to  the  court  of  Naples  on  the  marriage  of  the  king.  In  1774  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Foudroyant  of  64  guns.  In  1776  he  captured  the 
Pallas  frigate  of  S2  guns ;  and  soon  lUier  was  present,  and  bore  a  dis- 
liiiguislied  part  in  the  engagement  betwixt  the  English  and  French 
liiH'ts  under  the  respective  commands  of  Keppel  and  D'Orrillicrs, 

In  the  month  of  April,  1762,  the  Foudroyant,  then  attached  to  the 
squadron  of  Admiral  Bairington,  captured  the  P%aae  of  74  guns,  after 
a  short  but  fierce  conflicL  For  his  able  and  galUnt  conduct  on  this  oc- 
casion. Captain  Jervis  was  knighted,  and  invested  with  the  order  of  the 
Bath.  Shortly  afterwards  Sir  John  was  returned  to  parliament  (br 
Launceston  in  Cornwall,  and  at  the  general  election  in  1784  for  the 
town  of  North  Yarmouth-  In  1787  he  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
rear-admiral;  and  on  the  Hft  of  September,  1790,  was  appointed  rear- 
admiral  of  the  White.  Me  hoisted  his  Bag  on  board  the  Prince  of  98 
guns.  On  the  reduction  of  the  armament  which  had  been  collected  io 
consequence  of  the  dispute  with  the  court  of  Spain  relative  to  Nooika 
sound,  the  lords  of  the  admiralty  gave  permission  to  each  flag-officer  to 
recommend  a  lieutenant  and  midshipman  far  promotion.  The  quarter- 
deck of  the  Prince  was  at  this  time  crowded  with  young  gentlemen  ca- 
dets connected  with  some  of  the  first  families  in  the  kingdom  ;  bat  Sir 
John  selected  a  young  man,  the  ton  of  an  old  lieutenant,  for  his  patron- 
age on  this  occasion,  and  announced  his  intentions  in  the  following 
brief,  but  admirable  letter : — "  Sir,  I  named  you  for  the  lieutenant  1 
was  allowed  to  promote,  because  you  bad  merited  the  good  opinion  oL 
your  superiors,  and  that  you  were  the  son  of  an  old  otliccr  and  worthy 
man  in  no  great  affluence:  a  steady  perseverance  in  that  conduct  whtcli 
has  caused  you  to  be  thus  distinguished,  is  the  most  likely  means  (o 
carry  you  forward  in  the  profession ;  for  I  trust  other  officers  of  my 
rank  will  obstfrve  the  maxim  I  do,  to  prefer  the  sons  of  brothcr-officcR) 

ben  deserving,  before  any  others." 


f      rtmUMh}  JOIIK,  SAHL  Sr  TtXCIHT.  303 

I  lit  1790  Sir  Juliu  was  choocn  iiiCfiib«r  Ibr  ChippiDK*W'yconil>p,  but 

i  tacalMl  bb  seat  wlicu  war  brolu  out,  bavtng  accepted  lli«  MitniunnU  uf 
I  a  MjundroD  di-i>liii«<l  to  aoiat  Sir  Charim  Givy  in  tbe  reduction  of  ilir 
'  French  We»(  Indie*.  Hh  be«llli  HfTered  coiwid«»bly  in  ihii  umice; 
b«t  be  (OOD  after  accepted  the  ardoom  pott  of  coni(nan<kr  in  ihr 
MciliformDMa  »Ut)oa  wbere  h«  hoi>i«d  bis  ilag  on  bo«nl  ibe  Victory. 
A  coiutdorabla  Spanish  fleot  was  at  llii*  limo  Ifii^  at  Cadix,  awaitio]; 
I  an  opportunity  to  join  tbc  rrrnch  Bret ;  but  Adroinil  .Icrvi*  kept  Kp 
M>  walctifiil  a  blockade-,  tliat  tli«  Spanbti  admiral  found  it  impotsililu  lu 
slip  out  unobserved.  lie  at  loxt  vtnlorcd  out  <>ii  tbc  4tli  of  February, 
1797.  and  was  instonily  pyr>uc<l  by  Itio  Eiigliih  Sunt.  Tlie  force  of 
llie  .S|)uiiiili  admiral  coiuiitcd  at  37  slii{>«,  IS  of  wliidi  were  wventy- 
fouri,  two  carried  84  guDi  encli,  six  wcil-  tttrcts-deckcrs,  uod  one  a  four- 
decker.  To  oppo$c  tills  iiowcrful  annamenl,  Jervis  bad  only  15  sail  nf 
lli«  line,  and  muit  of  Ibi-M  wetv  Yfrmiln  of  inferior  tiie.  On  the  5th 
tbe  Spaniards  paatcd  Gibraltar,  and  left  three  lin«  of  l>altl«  ship*  ia  the 
bay.  A  few  days  nftrr,  tlioy  wrrc  discoiertsl  by  one  of  tbe  Enftlish 
frifcales ;  and  on  tbc  night  of  the  thittrenlh  tli«  two  Ik-els  werv  M  dotie 
to  each  otber  that  tbcir  signal  guns  were  niuloally  beard.  On  the 
uioiuiiig  of  tbe  14th  tbe  whole  of  tbc  Spanish  fleet  wu  viitble  to  the 
Biititb  off  Cape  St  Vincent  Some  of  tlicir  ehipa  appearing  to  be 
Kpirated  from  tlie  naiit  body,  JcrviH  immediately  eoiiceivf  I  tbc  idm 
of  cuttiog  ibem  off.  He  aceordtiigly  formed  his  tqua<lri>n  in  line  of 
battle  ahead  and  aBleni,  and,  pashing  through  tbe  eoeoiy  with  a  pr<-u  of 
aail,  completely  attained  hia  object.  By  ibJs  m^ncpuvrc  his  iinnicdialc 
opponenU  were  reduofxi  to  eigIite«o  sail  of  the  line.     About  doob  tlie 

ISpcuiisli  admiral  alli-niptcd  to  wear  mum),  aud  join  his  ships  to  teeward, 
but  being  fruilrntcd,  be  endeavoured  to  sheer  off.  Hia  retreat  wa#, 
Iiuncver,  edV-ctnally  prvvcnttd  by  the  tactics  of  Jervis,  and  (he  daring 
g^lantry  of  bit  Miburdinutci,  anioBKit  wboin  w«re  Troubtiilge,  Parier, 

[      NchoDi  and  Collitigwood.     Tlie  enemy  being  thus  forced  to  a  chMw 

L     actwd,  suRWred  a  •ignal  del<.>ul,  losing  four  of  tli«ir  ships,  ami  an  irn- 

^^^MN  nuntber  of  llveir  lueu. 

^|H|ror  tbU  splendid  lieiory.  Admiral  Jcrrbi  rceeiveil  the  ihanlis  of  botli 
"■RoBsaa,  and  wn*  proowted  to  the  peerage  by  tbe  title  of  Earl  8l  Vin- 
cent  and  Baron  jcrvb  of  Mealbtd.  On  niovliig  tlie  toim,  Carl  Spen- 
cer said, — "Sir  John  .lervis's  unremitting  exertloor,  bis  iiidefatigubk- 
activity,  and  hii  judicious  monngcineni,  are  at  conspicuous  as  the  )(lo. 
rioaa  event  with  which  thvy  have  brrn  crowned  ia  unparalldeil.  llii 
eoddud  Ihruughout  the  whole  ha*  bcrii  such  na  to  stamp  hiui  one  of 
the  greMeit  camnMBdera  tfaia  CDuotry  cvrr  proiluccil;  while  the  supr- 
rior  lam  irith  wbioh  be  had  to  eonteod  nurki  the  nctory  at  an  cuploil 
<iiiprter<l<'ni«'il  in  ihi:  balory  of  tfai^i  country,  I  believe  it  ia  unparal- 
Irtedi  and  I  am  sure  it  can  never  be  turiMMcd." — Tba  duke  of  BedAinl 
••id, — "  ll  is  iwpowiUc  lo  expatiate  apon  the  subject  of  tlie  glorii>u>> 
victory  obtained  by  Sir  Jolin  JervK  in  tvch  a  manner  a*  lo  add  to  the 
iinprcMJon  wbtcb  every  one  (eeU  that  il  i*  indi-td  an  ctploit  uniinrnl- 
Iclctl  in  ibe  annaU  of  ibU  country." — The  duke  of  Clnreocp  saiti, — "  1 
liarc  riaminnl  into  ibo  naval  history  of  tbit  country,  and  ffml  Uial  at 
ihe  battle  of  La  Hague  the  French  llret  was  iufrrior  to  otir*  in  numlwr- 
Tlic  cirounutaiicc*  of  the  present  action,  the  dbpurily  of  (uiec,  HDcrn 
sail  agahut  tweniyacTcUi  speak  for  (hrmtelves.      Admiral  lio*<nit«ii  In 


3M  M»I.I¥ICA1.  «»■"«-  [Xr 


I  njMtf  ttntd  m  a  to^  »fcnv  liiMriiB     t'liiiiiji^   tW  8p««i>ii 
b»t :  bat  ia  tkii  cfigwi  vm  Myeriaraj  a/  iNV»  «m  ■•  RUBlly  in 


bToar  of  tke  nc«T,  that  k  ■■  AHHCuAc^i  a*  ifcc  MMt  hrflaM  vie- 
i/try  io  tbc  naval  UaUrr  of  tkii  naatnr,  sad  iW  aaK  lifriilwt  pmafal 
tWc»«rage  aad  rignvrof  oavMiacm.  (^  ever;  occaBB*  pteriaaa  la 
tki*  t^tsn,  tae  i  i*iii  I  of  Sir  John  Jcivu  bo*  hecB  coaipieaaaL  la 
1790,  M  ife  tiae  of  tbe  SfMaiifc  ■■■■■■.  L>d  Bom  IndfiHl  kk 
Itigh  MMe  of  the  talcab  aad  actnitj  of  Sir  Job  Jcttk,  sad  of  the 
•UI*  umI  dimplinc  af  tite  fleet  whea  be  ntrrrrd  it  froM  kk  hiwJi,  I 
Bjidf  ■>•  on  boartl  tbe  Ocm  ai  tbu  liair,  and  (he  Awipliae  kept  sp 
vaa  port  ncfaplaij,  and  tiiHled  gieadj  lo  tbe  adnatage  of  tbe  wr- 
■KC  ladecd,  (nm  ibe  vbok  of  bi«  eoftdact,  I  do  act  biiilah  t*  pn>- 
aoBBcc,  «rilboot  ■**»'*'"g  to  gire  offeeee  lo  aav  other,  that  Sr  ^obn 
Jerri*  h  the  fini  aaval  officer  ia  hii  najeMr'a  leniee.' — Loitl  Hood 
mid, — "  Neitber  ibe  bJMOf;  of  thw  eonatij  nor  that  of  aa;  other  caa 
prodace  an  iartaace  of  greater  ■agmiiiaiiij,  or  of  aiare  prafcaad  ja<%- 
nenl  and  profuiiooal  *kiU  than  waa  exbibhcd  bj  Sir  Joho  Jerris  ia  the 
■ale  btilliaot  eDgagefnent-" — Mr  fax  vid, — "  In  tetDisiDg  o«r  tbaaka  on 
■bis  ottaaioD,  we  cannot  bat  feel  with  peenliar  pride  and  ■■liafatliou, 
that  we  expreM  onr  gratitade  and  acknowledguenta  for  tbe  Boot  bril- 
liaol  and  illuHriou*  exploit  recorded  in  tbe  annak  of  thk  coontfy." — Mr 
IIU  nid, — "  On  the  part  of  hi*  amjoty'a  mintdos  I  can  lafelr  affirm, 
Ibat  before  thU  U*t  splendid  imtanee  of  the  good  eoodact  and  rakMir 
of  tbe  gallant  admiral,  we  hare  not  been  remU*  in  watchii^  tbe  aui- 
fano  tenor  of  bia  pTofeiaioiial  career.  We  bare  witnewed  in  tbe  wbolc 
of  bia  proceeding*  lucb  io*taj>cea  of  penerenuce,  of  diligence,  and  of 
exertion  in  tbe  poblic  aerrice,  ai  tbongb  leaa  brilliant  and  dazxlii^  than 
thii  la*t  es[Joil,  are  ooijr  lew  meriLorion*,  aa  tbej  arc  pat  in  eompeti- 
tioQ  with  tbe  glory  of  a  liogie  day,  wbich  baa  prodnced  aoeh  eden*iTe 
and  incalculable  benefit!  to  the  Britiab  empire."' 

■  Tha  (oHoiriag  eafioa*  eortapoiKJeiKc  betnen  tlw  Fnocb  laiti— Hnr  asd  tb« 
Spanbb  odobtn  took  pUoi  in  ctMaeqamtB  oT  the  defeai  of  Uw  Sfiauik  kat : — 

MiMoaiAL  pnwDtad  bf  Iba  Fmch  anhaandor,  Citim  Pariaoa,  to  Uw  Sfaniib  bid- 
lil«t  U  Ibdrid,  Ddd  Godoj,  rdUiia  to  tba  lictorr  obUined  faj  Eul  St  TiBcnl  onr 
Iba  Oaat  of  Spain,  on  tha  I4ib  of  FelnuT,  1797. 

"  Tba  Francb  DirBctorjr  hanug  beard,  with  utoiuhiDaat  and  HijiriH,  tba  aDCi- 
paclad  haoa  or  Iba  uial  engagMnecit  batnaD  bit  Catbolic  majadj't  aqudran  aad  llie 
Eoilllth.  I  ta  UBuBanded,  bj  as  tifrtm  jnit  eooM  lo  mj  basd.  ioaiaduM)'  U  Uj 
bafora  bi>  ma^j  Iba  Irea  awtiiaa  Ibat  ban  eoatiibatad  to  Ibe  nalign  kaa  ahieb,  >iih 
ramarkabla  diignca  to  il«  hooour,  lb*  Spaoiab  ia^  km  eipariaacsL 

"  I,  DMMl  eiLCellent  Sir,  aia  wall  penuded  thai  raor  EieeHaocT'*  jutiBa  wd  recti- 
foda  wilt  Dot  pctaiil  tboaa  Ikba  repofti  lo  reach  tbe  kint'i  aan,  1^  vhicb  a  deUUable 
poller  woeld  williuflr  dtafoiae  is  ihaneAil  as  aelioD  bj  conroandilig  Tirtoe  and  gailt 
■lib  a  flaw  lo  laipiiDllj :  bul  le>t  uadar  thii  vUbttana  tba  king  ibaald  iaelliw  to  n~ 
caiia  aa  JmpraMloa  rrom  tba  (aba  sicaaaa  shlcb,  la  lac^  drcDDHUnra,  Ibe  enlpable 
■ra  Indoalrloai  in  Irmming,  I  ihall  not  do  juitice  lo  tba  caaBdeace  viib  whicb  I  an 
h'lnnured  bf  mji  nation  if  I  do  not  refote,  in  hii  majciij'i  preaencc,  ai  auny  a*  altempl 
I'l  roaroiinil  truth  wllb  (iliehood.  Bafare  that  mofnent  arriiei,  tbe  EiHutita  Direct- 
iirjf  ordorod  ma  to  gin  your  EieallcDcy  tbii  inbnaatloii,  that  jroo  nu)'  carrr  it  up  lo 
■111'  king.  Tba  amu  of  Sfaln  baia  at  all  limea  HipfurUd  tlia  eharader  of  dblin- 
|(ui>hnl  laloar,  talent,  and  nililarr  tkjil,  wbich  i>  paoiliai  to  tbem ;  onlj  in  tba  late 
*.iy  haia  the}  dagenerated,  caniiog  all  Enrope  to  ebaoge  ill  •enlimeiili  reap«tiB|{ 
Dial  luiwriof  Itr  uhleb  Sfiabi  wu  In  rnwiiwicn  of  for  (fe*.  It  li  Ibe  loBmitf  of  itat- 
••'■■luMtu  l«  b«  **U«d  with  oatlain  taaaw,  lAlcb  etBt^rioala  and  oDcniit  Ibe  lUia. 


Pmoa] 


JOIIX.  KABL  BT  TIXCEVT. 


30S 


Usring  the  alart»iti|i  nuliu^  iu  the  nriiinh  ttnvv.  Earl  St  Viumot'ii 
>v«olutiaD  and  priulcnce  wtn  of  invnltinble  scnicn  U>  liii  coiuiliy- 

lu  1800  h«  Mceptnl  tbv  romniiiDil  of  tlie  CIiuumI  fltM  m  tba  mig- 
naiioD  or  Lord  BrUlporl.     In  iUOl  lie  vat  placed  alt  tb*  head  of  iho 

To  Mto  ths  bodjr  |«Ulle  froa  imiihinR.  raiwlia  and  tin  kntf*  ouut  niHfU*  th«  focM 
at  llitt  ■«■  iilf limn  twad-  Tba  aai?.  mail  HmcalUat  Slr>  hufttcn  lu  an  sililMit  taoof 
vt  tbli  Inah^abla  trulb-  la  oWii  <i(  humblioc  Uia  EnfUih  ptidg,  ^lah  had  be. 
I^n  10  dceliD*  front  lh«  hljtli  u|iinl(ia  U>  which  tJia  ou  cloTitdl  lij:  hst  natunl  Iiiiui;hti- 
naa>  it  hu  niittl  licr  ii»n1unc«  to  a  biii(hl  upafmlli^nt,  Prcnn  (hi*  w  pnti-trul  e  «av. 
ooDunarMh  tba  ban*  of  your  iiioiisivh]r.  ii  Rutins  lo  niffor  «o  irrvpanU*  1m>.  TIh 
wboU  Dalin  datMb  ll»  »!>'  iiiiKixidi^Ki  of  Uw  naij.  uiil  mvpi*  irith  topsctful  ■pflW' 
baadooi  ibr  iba  nUfuFtuuii  Out  luiut  eniuo. 

"  Tba  iqiudroo  woulil  nut  flfhl  (lot  in  ulthilns  Ihr  tail  tnm  tmjon).  Tho]  hivv 
banioad  and  ramiminiiHil  tho  nuhmal  hoDUor .  »  R  hM  bpm  inido  apinar  lo  thv 
ni»alnT7.  bf  uilhuatjo  anil  tupe  JatmawHii  nM  Ditmnr.  rtrr  nlehftil  for  tbr 
bmiiHir  of  b«i  aUiH>  nanM.  la*  vlUi  iillffWwwa  wab  luipiliKlii,  lemUng  to  prbiuH 
tha  miMl  ponddaui  and  l^tal  tooMqaaDSOk 

*■  I,  no>(  i-i'vlli^ot  ^t,  1b  tba  ama  of  tha  Diraetoty,  (iilnal  ]^ui  Etcallroir) 
In  41*|BH  ill"  mind  of  111*  Ua(  atlk  laAntMe  mnhUlOB  id  cIuuiIm  tbu  ennnnit;, 
■lllllag  tat  a  Baaiaot  iba  dMatoa  of  patcnal  alSxlioa. 

•■  Tba  unlaniliwd  aaMMalof  Ihii  bopo,  awl  thai  your  Eimlleiujr  witl  faa  plaaMl  la 
giTc  as  annrcT  w  thli  llamartal,  that  It  im;  be  tnntmltteil  to  iha  t)it«olo{7- 

<Sit{nod)  "Pmoiox." 

Amvu  of  111*  Sfitniih  ninirtar  lo  Iba  Hafmnlil  or  HawanWiMB^  pnatMad  by  ClU- 
aMpWinnii,  riaanhanlMMdnrat  IbdridiDfoll  tbadcAMaf  IIi*^iaaiataflMl.olT 
Cap*  S(  Viaoaul,  b7  tba  Briliah  AMI. 


'  1 11**1:,  vlch  BOM  ralvf  Uniw,  laid  badM  tha  king  Ilia 
n/  tbt  Hamntial  praanlaJ  faf  put  EimIWd),  In  Iba  i< 


•■  CinXCll  AMttAMAHOO, 

■  aftlpuport 
•  of  IhailirMtarr  dTUm 
Fimob  raiwblia^  1  aajr  (h«  haad*  of  thai  Mantoil*).  Ikwh*  tha  l*n|[iMca  It  inaialnail 
h  eoDdieil  )■  twini  *a  affaniiMh  ■>  dalulag.  and  ao  lighal  l«  lb*  «■■>  of  a  (na  pau 
jia,  that  I  doaaaad  It  quita  iaoanlUaot  Mtb  Iba  itMtr  aT  mf  Italian  la  pivHat  it  ia 
■b«  (ann  II  alandi  to  an  lodapandant  HmNtea.  Til*  ktaf,  81%  lamenta,  ailh  fml 
•laecttlf .  Iba  •■*if*cw4  and  i***!*  ■«•  nUaB  baa  b*lUl*a  hi*  n^aatf'*  ariM  la  in* 
bU  wpuwaint  nllli  Ibt  Briibb  laat,  m^  ia  nalanllf  lad.  Id  •appon  at  bte  a>a 
hanoar,  a*  irall  •>  dw  boneor  ct  Iha  fcanhh  aatloak,  to  malw  Wnnjing  Inqalrr  Ibio 
tha  saaao  ol  that  ■bibrtoaa ;  bat  bo  mil  M(  •iiHor  fur  a  oiaiiuuit  Iba  Uraalorr  of  lb 
Prtaab  rt|irtll»  bot  anj  fbralpi  fvtm  wh»l»«at.  lo  bmbibb  b  |«nil*ga  ofialnJtoaBaa, 
»  Iha  iiaalltal  tifiia,  mith  tba  *vfi»nu  of  bia  kiagdaa. 

"  It  b  trwv  at  alawil  ia  Iba  Mamarlal  of  ruar  — "'-r  thai  lb*  ^nl  ariM  of  8f«lB 
ban  hltbatto  baaa  enlawiUf  djtlii^ttlahad  amoog  ntUanai  and  on  that  awaaal  ao^ 
bBBiliatioa  at  hb  b  Ml  <*l(b  tba  gimtt  bn*  and  BonUcMka  bjr  hia  miimlfi  \M 
It  CBRBot  bat  iMni  lorr  MlraofdlurT  ladaeJ  lo  Iba  kli^  and  lo  hi*  mafaalT^  •attfaMa 
la  («B««1,  tbat  tfe>  kM  at  eaa  aMlon  ikoaU  ba  limal  aa  a  nallM  of  aailirtw  hr  ihi> 
Praoeh  aatioa.     Saralj,  Sb.thaDlr*M«Taf  IhsnaaahnpabUaaaaaot  iw>n|ua>Di*-l 

t  ara  pUaaal  la  ot—na.  that  tha  tiuiith 
t  booinu  i  aaJ  that  Ibaji,  w  tba  »mm  of 
lodtlfaitDO*!  ta^otd  lach  laii^liida.  An  lb*a* 
f  MtUmaa  Ibe  aiaiabirt  <4  tha  laaic  Mttmilj  *ba  laaWkad  on  bsarJ  fuar  tm  on  lh« 
Ibraa  ManoiaU*  dap  df  tbc  auUi  and  3lil  at  Uaj,  aadlba  IrtotJam^  l»4  7  An 
ifaaaa  nallim«D  tbi*  mauiii^oBtn  nbo  aawtmad  lb*  raak  aad  MMm>  b(  dbib)  lald- 
BMnbali  ifoa  thai  Doaanoa  i  who,  balim  tba  «aaaa«««aai  ot  tba  aatioa  irtife  Iba 
Hriliife  !*■«,  imt  a  tn^ala  ollb  an  iaaoUat  Banaga  to  *Mh  Alp  at  jtm  \im^  ti*.  thai 
iba  towmliaioaaw  ^i*  |>o*iiito  onl*n  lo  tha  avpaial*  aaplkioi,  Ibat  th*T  >«i*l»<i^ 
lo  Iba  baauai  mrj  Catliih  Bua-W—u,  obIjt  n«af4ia«  lbs  r»in  OmWi*  >bo 
MTriad  Iba  lliiliib  rmniaaaiUr'a  ttg .  ouiaf  ihali  mmb},  that  iMo  t^  Mtaiaiian 
— hal  f bn  TOO  lo  tntac  bar  lafb  lato  tha  bi«Voiir  of  Uraa,  Is  onL*  la  vaaa  iW  itt- 
aiBph  of  tta  ilodoai  or-  r*|iit  Id  i  baiaha.  laaiaaj  ntpaafaaih^ihtiaMof  biaatm, 
■aia  In  A*  mt  tar]'  happr  lo  aaka  thair 


■kb  Iba  woaafc  at  a  BBtal  dafaat.  Ttwra 
t»$  bai  *BM«d  a  ramaihabla  dhvaoa  lo  lu  I 
bu  OKboK*  M^sat},  eaaaot,  aitb  lodtlfaitii 


1 


loaiotiiaaaapllal  ilripa? 
Vlb 


aacapa  Inm  iha  eaaatdll  E^lah,  lalUi  lb* 
And  laa  iboaa  tba  faaUmaa  wba  ara  pr*>*rlhip|  to  tba 


■'i 


POLITtCAI.  IBllin.  (Iton 

addntnlty.  In  which  ttttun  li*  «SiKted  vario«u  mm  bMi«6oiiI  mmtui- 
menu  in  (be  *}'»trin  of  BHraagaoeDt  wlopMd  by  Uic  Boud,  mi  gm* 
«Vfy  gvneral  Mtufnclion  Ibrtioghout  the  nrrrici!;  b«t  in  the  month  of 
May.  1604,  he.  wat  snpencilcil  in  office  by  VUcount  Mclriltr.  In  tb» 
lirpniiing  of  18D5,  on  ibe  OGCetwion  of  Vox  lu  ulBcr.  liii  lordiliip  bu 
BgTiin  appoiiiltHl  to  the  MMnmand  of  tlie  Cliuind  fl««t. 

Oil  the  Mih  of  May,  180C  Mr  JeS^y.  a  ncnber  of  the  bowe  of 
ranimoui,  preftnvd  a  charge  agaiut  E«ri  St  Viooenl  of  gruss  nr^lcct 
in  tbe  iKiikling  and  ropairing  of  ihipi.  He  took  a  view  of  tbe  Mat*  of 
the  naty  during  ihc  Intc  wnr,  and  cootrndcd  thai  the  tliip*  whkh  were 
built  during  hi*  lordthip's  iulminiftrntion  wrt  by  00  neaiu  e<)aal  to 
the  aoDusI  dotniction.  Tbn  r-arl,  be  *iiii),  hnd  oot  only  neglected  the 
usual  mean*  of  rrcruiiing  tlic  naryi  hut  all  other  mode* ;  tor  ba  ted 
oclually  launched  only  ten  *bips  of  tbc  line.  Though  hi«  [iimIi  inrnfai 
left  faiiii  lilli»ii  ibips  buildin]t<  his  tordiliip  had  only  icfl  to  hit  Mccca- 
»on  nine  in  that  «UUe,  and  tlivae  re<)uiriug  time  yean  to  Rnitb  than. 
Not  kiir  had  been  dout'  which  hi*  predeeewon  had  aecomptithcd  in  ■ 
aioiUar  [>efiod.  He  condemned  the  earl'a  conduct  reapectinj;  the  build- 
log  in  merchant*'  yards,  aa  capricious  and  dangerous ;  he  had  aboi  be 
«^d>  at  B  time  of  ncccMiiy,  wantonly  dUchargad  workmen,  aMUiy  of 
whom  had  gone  to  tbc  enemy  i  yartU ;  and  by  hi*  iltibrrsl  comduct  b« 
had  dtiga»t<^I  rverj-  body,  at  a  {Kriod  when  lite  navy  va«  rooaing  to 
destructioa.  The  lolc  ricturin  of  Lord  NcUon,  Sir  11.  Stmchao,  and 
Sir  J.  Duckworth,  were,  be  coucludcd,  all  due  to  (be  exortinia  of  Lords 

king  b(  Kpvn  <ii{al  puniitimirat  h>  M  lo  inllicl  apao  Ih*  (ommuMlan  of  Ihs  SfBoMi 

MeM,  rot  ih*  It>u  of  ■  twiilc,  while  the  Eagllih  kaic  ia  tbt*r  famtt^ao.  u  Ab  m^ 
mm.  Ih*  on*  hilf  of  llnir  nxy?  W«  did  ool  hor,  Sin  eluij  pnai ihnont  fnfMad 
hy  Ilia  Krtetarr  ftir  (ha  dafaat  uf  f«n  inprtfiuib)*  |Id«4  on  tha  lit  of  Jiaa.  (M  (W 
(uiitrUT,  II  WW  MiarlaJ,  in  Ihal  •olomn  tunihly,  Ihit,  for  Ilia  mnni  of  Fnnn  »nm  la 
udK  III*  Cniiitah  in  ao  Mtion  it  »■,  <■■•  of  itMlf  lUlUdenl.  knd  a^iuiJ  lo  •  Tidwy.  I 
■oi  lUliBf  btro  to  joar  EiMlliiney  iho  hiibn)'  of  IkiM  only  of  lb  b»oI  •iptoHS  af 
!  rofulriie ;  but  slmotl  amy  d*]  linM  it*  eomnwaccaoAt  Bight  !•*■  i 


tbeoan  Md  •*•■  of  lour  Diro^on  lo  Iba  toridhid*  of  nMsl  4(MaU|  Ibeialbn^  pto- 
rtoiM  la  |our  Buolian'7'i  appniwlibig  tbapnwnoeorhbtmlatr.  whtro  yoo  (hrwiaa 
ta  speak  foar  aphiion  of  iho  gaUi  of  (ha  ofltan  oho  (amnwndoi  hi>  lltei.  I  kobU 
aihlia  )oa,  w  «  frlrsd  and  »a  Mj,  to  Uaneo  the  dnfnco  of  Ih*  tao  wiioa*  to  laka 
Is  oDo  1»nd  ihe  tlDtto  dof**(  of  ibo  anu  of  Sfln  off  Oa  tare  of  S(  ViaoM.  ahjla 
h»  (ho  oihcr  )uu  coTTT  Of  nrlam  dofeat*  and  iHniaiia  that  fea**  b«WI*a  (h*  tan  of 
dw  Pranoh  rtfubllc  vi<r  ilnco  (ha  coniiiMOMOwnt  of  ill  taroor,  and  •**  aUtk  mflo 
iMaifiaA. 

•■  Voer  Dwaetorj'  >!■  Umo  be  oaaTinpod  (lut,  for  (Rher  of  oor  t*o  aatkaa  to  at- 
Maf*  to  btinr  rtfraaeh  oa  tha  a(be>  m  ibelr  lobrlortlr  ■«  itw  eafUdi  la  aatal  aktll 
and  oognn  it  aolblng  )«■  thaa  to  alralcn  tbe  wbdom  of  Ibc  Almighty  Poaar.  >ba 
bat  lboaaa(  M  (ood  aad  pnpsr  lo  graal  iba  deri'ltd  •upMiotily,  iisa  th*  oU*  aad 
aaiaadad  oroaa,  to  (hai  bian  iwoplo. 

■■  Tha  kinir,  ojr  wuMr,  bat,  lo  lt>*  aiMOi  Umt,  co«DWid»d  me  to  tlrBliy  to  (ba 
■Miban  uf  Iba  Prwxrh  npoblir,  Ihal,  nhalbM  II  bo  tm*  or  bdI  tliat  H  !•  tW  loOnallr 
of  (otornrnant*,  aa  Ibajr  lay,  Is  ba  aaiaad  wilb  oartafti  laaiim.  uhld  roMaminat^  and 
ooirapi  tfa*  Uaw,  i(  (•  noi  hi*  m^oMf **  Meotka  to  felloit  ib*  •untple  of  da«aa*Mad 
haae*,  by  apidytnc  oauiiia  aad  (be  haJfb  to  raawdjr  that  wtfl  i  fur  which  Nasaa  be 
b**  aa  aataoao  to  muwhiI.  mn  tot  a  niomani,  (be  <tlrui«  of  fali  panalal  sAmIos 
lowai<S  Ilia  aaMaet*  of  Ui  on  •Uto.  irbub  be  It  mora  Ihaa  am  ilfUnnla*d  to  cbwfcb 
aad  aidlhat*  i  Mif  armlr  ptmadad,  by  hu  oan  otaenatwo,  and  whleb  la  caaAraed 
to  bta  by  (ba  MMorleal  aiparlaoo*  of  att  oatloo*,  (ha(  ao  aril  eaa  ba  »o  gnat  at  Id 
itaall  to  lb*  (yiaany  aad  Bfiaiatta  of  afcnffn  |,iiiiii»inl.  aaitorcd  and*B|T**Ud 
by  (ba  tory  drifi  of  lb*  loaaor  ocdon  of  toeiely' 

(Sl|>i4}  -ooooir 


« 


hino.J  JDMK,  KARL  ST  VINCKHT.  WT 

Baihain  &ad  Mclvi]l«.  He  iimI  loucbcO  on  the  frpHire  which,  in  Om. 
Ib4h>  1801,  vera  r«quir«d  by  \-20  sltijw;  bui  he  a«Mrted  lha^  ncoord- 
iitg  U>  tli«  fjntnn  npon  whicii  repairing  ifm  th^n  tiondDCUsI,  tbejr 
wxjol'l  bovR  Ukrn  twpnly  ycBre  to  be  got  rc«ily ;  HDiI  m(I(|piI,  that  though 
ihe  carl  round  102  Mil  of  tlic  Iim  vbrn  he  cunc  into  AfBoc,  he  itninot 
Militlcd  to  the  escow  of  3S  over  ihnt  nnnilirr,  oi  he  IrA  only  66  when 
lie  rcsif-neU.  He  ihreur  upon  fab  lonlihip  allilieblnnicof  deficivuey  of 
tiiubcr.^-conleiiiled  that,  uoiler  fain  adiniiiiitratioii,  llie  British  nary  was 
verifiD];  fast  lowanl*  ruio,  and  drprvcated  (lie  prMMit  ^T^t  appoinlntenl 
of  bit  lordship  as  une  nliich  he  bati  by  DO  means  merited-  He  caii> 
rluded  with  recapitulating  bia  cliarge*,  and  moving  s  resolution,  "  That 
hi*  lordifaip  had  beeo  guilty  of  groas  oegllgenee,  niiicooduct,  and  dere- 
liction of  daty."  M.  Dent  fecooded  the  inotioii ;  but  merely  tliat  the 
quc*tion  might  be  put.  a»  he  wm  ronvioced,  lie  naid,  thai  in  a  oommil- 
ti-e  the  eondnci  of  the  earl  wonlil  be  liilly  TinHieoled.  AAer  lome  re- 
mark* by  the  >]icaker  und  Lord  Huwirk  on  ihe  otifiarlinmdilary  man- 
HIT  u>  which  Mr  Jefltry  bad  proctedi'd — lie  baviii);  iv-ad  bin  speveJi  froni 
ft  HMniuacri|)l— Adtuiral  Markham  entered  upon  a  refulaiioo  of  tlie 
nriom  atttoneUa  of  tic  mover.  He  obserred  that  the  tiiintber  of 
■hip*  of  the  line  built  in  the  eight  yeors  preceding  Lord  St  Vineent'a 
administratwn  would  be  24 ;  and  eomparing  with  that  the  period  of  that 
lord's  adiniDiatrml ion,  from  hii  accritiioa  to  oHice  in  March.  1H0I.  lo  hit 
departure  in  Maj-,  IttO'i,  the  total  Dumber  wm  10  in  a  period  of  liitl« 
better  than  three  yean,  which  m>  far  proTvd  no  deficiency.  It  also 
aj^icared,  thai  when  be  came  into  office  he  IouimI  lapon  the  sll]w  build- 
ing but  IS  sail  of  the  line;  whenuu,  oo  hU  departure  &om  office,  he 
left  16  in  Eorwantnecs  upon  the  sloclw.  Brnidef  which,  he  added,  that 
the  Admiralty  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  building  ofibipa.  The  oarl, 
who  had  done  bb  part  in  ordering  tha  buildtng,  waa  not  to  blamo  for 
tardincsa  in  the  rseeution.  Ho  insisted  that  (he  earl  was  eotilltd  to 
great  cre<Iit  for  many  parts  of  his  conduct  while  in  office,  particularly 
hi*  arrangementi  ht  providing  what  the  country  then  wanted  more  than 
■blpa,  namely,  seamen  to  man  the  Channel  Iki-t.  For  this  parpOM,  be 
hM  taken  the  men  out  of  the  firM-rntcs  aud  frifates,  and  tbervbj  ef* 
G^ed  a  puriMw  eiM.-atia)  to  the  lali^ty  of  the  country :  ao  that  at  tbo 
end  of  an  eight  years'  war,  he  was  thereby  enabled  to  man  SO  addi- 
tioiul  sail  of  the  lioe ;  while  he  incmsetl  the  number  of  IVIgatva  from 
163  to  19a.  and  the  total  of  ilie  navy  ttom  fi9A  to  371.  With  napect 
Ut  the  breaking  up  of  diips,  ho  ard<led  that  this  was  d«D«  in  jnirsiMnce 
•r  the  lUrections  of  lh<-  Navy  board.  A*  to  the  Uock-yards,  he  iosisfed 
thai  the  pspcia  on  the  table  proreil  that  not  a  man  was  disniated  capa- 
ble of  doinf  duly ;  many  of  the  nicn,  wbu  bad  long  rt«eived  the  bish- 
Mt  vafpa  in  Ibe  dock-yards,  were  actually  Uind,  and  others  bmo.  tii»- 
•bled,  tad  moring  oa  crulclnw ;  thvMr,  to  the  anMMDl  of  327  meo.  to 
whom,  in  the  year  1800,  £88.024  ua|.>e«  wen  pud.  men  npevanna- 
■lad  by  Lord  St  Vinoenl.  At  Plymouth  70  ware  disebwgeH  of  a  «i- 
tniltr  deacription,  to  whom,  in  IBilOand  ISO  J,  £10,943  wages  were  paid. 
Now,  some  of  ihoac  were  put  upon  nllowanee  greater  than  Mual. 
amounting  to  £4,529,  and  olbers  anpi'rannuated,  upon  atlowancn  la  Um 
anwaot  of  £2,264  1  Is.  Tlie  usual  alloaaoce  of  £20  per  aanum  bMl, 
in  these  caac*.  been  inereaaed  lo  £24  ;  and  the  allowance  of  £S4  la 
£2B;  while  to  the  rope-makert  and  ottien  dbcfeaffed,  to  whom  tut  suefc 


F 


rOLITICAt  HRin. 


IKi. 


iiHowaiMe  bad  erer  bern  luunt,  £iO  a-yt*r  bad  l>nrn  alloved.  Hv  next 
nonbtted  lb«  Mn^rtion,  Ihat  no  crrdit  «ai  dun  to  i-j>H  8t  Mnoont  for 
the  late  victories:  a*  it  wiu  a  bet  that  Lord  Nrliaci,  .*>ir  J.  Uadrwonb, 
and  Sir  It.  .Sirneliiui,  h*d  all  bocti  •elected  by  him  firr  prindpal  com- 
maiMU.  Lord  Howick  went  over  tlie  tame  gnuadt  u  Ailroiral  Mark- 
twnii  Bod  rtated,  Ibat  aiiions  the  MirmUigta  of  Im  lunUiip's  adtnini*- 
tntioD.  he  had  furned  a«[uaa  for  procuriDg  a  mpjtly  of  tiinbvr  fiont 
Dalmatia,  and  40,000  tree*  had  actually  beeo  feUcd  ia  tbal  counlry ; 
but  they  bad  uow  rallen  into  the  poaM»io<)  of  the  enemy.  Mrssn  Fux, 
Maikliaiii,  and  Daulu,  severally  ffioLe  again*!  ibe  nolioo.  and  i>nMed 
the  conduct  of  Earl  St  Vlneeot ;  and  Mr  JrlTery'*  inotkia  ww  Mg>* 
tit-ed  widiout  a  ili  vision.  Mrtox  allcnvardx  tlccland,  thai  fttMssnm- 
vietiou  of  the  charge  being  frivolou*  and  groaadltfn,  lie  aboaM  neWi 
"  That  it  appear*  to  thi*  bou«c,  tbot  the  conduct  of  tbe  a«rt  of  8l  Vhi- 
cABti  in  hi*  Latr  nand  wlminiMntion,  has  gircn  an  additional  Iwtr*  to 
hii  exaltrd  chnractcr,  ami  merit*  tb«  approbation  of  tli«  liouw."  M«Mra 
Yorkc,  S>  Buoroc.  and  TientQy,  anpfMrtad  tliu  motion;  and  .M««sn 
Wilbnrrorcr,  Banks,  Pcrccvnl,  and  Cnnnii^.  oppoiod  it,  on  the  ^^oand 
of  no  tiutict^  baring  been  girc-n.  Mr  Fos'i  motion  wn*  agrwd  to  with- 
out a  dirition. 

In  Marcli.  1807.  the  earl  retired  from  the  coniroaod  of  tkc  Channel 
Uml  In  IS09,  and  sgmin  in  I8l0t  he  aupfiorttd  ammdments  on  thc 
sBMrer  to  the  addrMs  at  the  opening  ot  parliasiefil.  In  I8l4  be  was 
appoioicd  governor  of  luarinM;  and,  on  the  I9tb  of  July,  18S1.  whm 
in  hi*  8&<Ii  yt-ar,  v/m  named  admiral  of  the  Beet. 

He  died  without  Imuo  od  llw  15tb  «f  March,  I8S3. 


5»ot)n,  Carl  of  ffiopttoun. 

aoaK  A.  p.  ITfiG— P)u>  Jk-u.  tUSS. 

Thib  rsIUbi  and  highly  e*tcrnird  noblrmnn  wa*  iIip  ion  of  John, 
l«eond  carl  of  Hoprtoun,  by  bi*  Mcond  marriage  with  Jan*,  daugbter 
of  Olipbtuii  of  Itoscic  in  tVrliubirc.  He  wa«  bom  on  Ilia  I'th  o4 
Au^nat,  1766,  •lul  entered  tlie  army  a*  a  mluntecr  in  hi*  6ft(«oth  ytmt. 
After  paating  tbrou(;h  the  Bubordioale  runk*  in  tcreral  diflcreni  rqi^i* 
■eaU(  he  waa  anointed  lientennat-eolatirl  of  iliv  S^tU  foot,  in  April. 
1798i  Mi*W«ete«d  the  brcrcl  of  colonel  on  tbe  3d  of  May,  11M,  in 
*hlabyearlie«i«»(lMte<l  M.  P.  for  hi*  native  ooaniy  of  Linlithgow- 
He  newipairfed  ilia  eapeililion  to  Holland  in  Augutt,  1799;  and  wn* 
appoinud  MtJiUaDt-geDcral  to  the  duke  of  Vor k'»  army.  I»  the  Ulow- 
tog  T«ar  be  auended  the  expedltMn  la  I^pl,  and  negotiaiad  the  eon- 
rention  for  Ibe  •orrender  of  Cairo.  In  May.  1808.  he  nBainod  ibo 
rank  of  a  major-general  t  and  in  April,  1808,  no*  np|ioinla(t  a  KeulMf 
Bot-gen«i«l. 

1b  Uir  la*t  ntrntiooed  yrat  be  accnnipanird  the  Brili«li  foroo  10  Par- 
lujial;  and,  OD  Um  dcalb  of  Sir  John  >Ioorp,  ibe  command  In  the 
battle  of  L'orvnna  devcitvd  upon  him,  Sir  D^rid  Uoird  being  aeverely 
wotindcd.  The  rollowiog  adtniriLUc  report  of  tliia  eelcbraled  aetion 
vaa  taade  fajr  Geoenl  Hep*  to  kit  anperior  tu  cnmmand.  Sir  Datid 


IVmdd.]  job*,  cak:  of  noprrocx.  'WW 

BoinL     It  i*  on«  of  Ihr  tii««l  luminoiu  kixl  aUc  (lociint«oU  of  ihe  kind 
which  our  mititaty  wirtniii  can  thow  :— 

"  Hi*  Miffttly't  SItip  AM4acitiitt,  off  Comoia,  Jittmoiy  I6lh.  IW9. 

"  SiK, — In  Kwipliancp  with  tfac  ilciin!  cootainnJ  in  yo«ir  conimuni- 
cMMa  or  jefUtrdajr,  1  arail  niysi-lf  of  (lie  firal  nomeiit  I  UaT«  bcfn 
ftbl«  to  coiRiaand,  to  detail  lo  you  tlie  occun«Bce«  of  tli«  aelion  irliicli 
look  place  in  front  of  Coruuna  on  the  I61I1  inttaut- 

"  It  will  ho  in  your  recollection,  thai  about  one  in  th«  afternoon  of 
riiat  day,  Uiv  enmtj-,  who  liad  in  the  morning  received  reinforcemenUi 
and  who  had  placed  some  guof  in  front  of  the  rrghi  and  left  of  his  line^ 
wnn  obsenrd  10  be  moving  troop*  (onards  hia  k-A  flank,  and  foimiog 
variout  colamn*  of  alta«k  et  that  mremity  of  di«  tnog  and  c«m- 
iBBadtng  poaition,  which,  on  the  momii»g  of  the  l&th,  he  bad  taken  tn 
OKr  ImmMiaii!  (rant. 

"  This  tDdi<«ii<io  of  liii  iiitt'ntioD  was  imincilinli-ly  HH>eeed«l  by  tlie 
rapid  aii<l  di^tcrniiiieil  atUiek  which  li(.-  nude  ugiun  your  ilivUioni  nliiclt 
occupied  Ihe  Hghl  of  our  position.  The  ercata  irliich  oceurred  dnrins 
that  period  of  the  action  you  are  fully  aoqoaioted  with.  I'he  finl  ej> 
fbit  of  the  enemy  itm  met  by  liic  cooimander  of  ibe  ^ces  and  by 
Toancif,  at  the  hew!  of  the  4M  r^gimeoi,  and  llic  brigade  under  Ma- 
jor-general Lord  William  Beniiuck. 

"  The  vilbge  on  yoor  right  became  an  obj<«t  of  obstinate  contest. 

"  I  lament  to  My.  ihal  «>on  after  the  ►cvcrc  wonnd  whicli  <li>prived 
IIk^  army  of  ymir  nrrvices  I-i«nlrnnnl-gencral  Sir  John  Moore,  who 
had  jiHt  dircoird  the  moot  nl>lc  diipoiiliom,  fell  hy  a  cannon.«Jioi.  The 
troops,  though  not  unacqaaioted  with  Ihe  irreparable  Iom  tliey  hod  ua- 
tained,  were  nut  diHinayMl,  but,  by  the  most  delcrminMl  Irraverj-,  not 
only  repelled  every  attempt  of  the  enemy  to  gain  groniid,  but  actually 
(breed  him  (o  retire,  allhongfa  b«  had  brought  up  fmh  troops  in  lupport 
of  tlioM  originatty  nigagrd. 

"  Hie  enemy,  finding  liinscir  foiled  io  cvrry  attempt  (o  force  tbo 
right  of  the  poiitioo,  endeavoured  by  number*  to  turn  it  A  jiuUcioa* 
and  wril-timrti  movement,  which  waa  made  by  Major-general  Paget, 
with  the  reacrre,  trhieh  corps  had  roowd  out  of  its  cantoamenla  U  *up- 
ncn  the  right  of  the  army  by  a  vigorous  attack,  defeated  this  Inlentiun. 
The  major- general  having  pushed  forward  (he  95th  rille  corps  and  l*t 
battalion  Sid  regimeots,  drove  Ibe  enemy  before  him,  and  in  liis  rapid 
and  Judidoua  advance,  threatene<l  the  left  of  the  enemy's  paaiiion.  Tlii* 
oirennHlnee.  with  the  position  of  Licutenuii-general  Frmser's  divbioo, 
ealonlatod  to  give  still  ntrther  «-curiiy  to  tlic  right  of  the  Ibe,  indaced 
the  eaeniy  to  relax  bu  oflbrts  in  that  <]nartcr. 

"  They  were,  however,  more  forcibly  directed  toward*  the  ceum-, 
where  ihcy  were  again  luccrMfnlly  rcsiiled  by  Ihe  brigade  under  Ma- 
joi^gtncral  MaoninKliam,  furnilDK  llic!  Ii-fl  of  yoar  division,  and  a  put  of 
UiBt  ttoiler  Mojor-gcni-ral  Leitb,  Ibnning  ibc  right  of  tfaeriivisioD  under 
my  orden.  Upon  the  left  the  enemy  at  flnl  coirtcnted  lilmatlf  with  an 
attack  npon  oar  pitpirts,  which  however  In  general  naiatained  their 
ground.  Finding,  howerer,  liii  eiforts  unavailing  on  the  right  and  e<-nin', 
he  seemed  determined  to  reader  the  attack  upon  the  left  more  arrioua, 
and  bad  Mieeeeded  lu  obtuning  pooscosiOD  of  the  village  through  wliicti 
tbe  great  ro«d  to  Madrid  paaws,  and  which  wa*  lituatcd  in  front  of  that 


p 


310  MUIICJU.  SIRIS*.  [NiVTB 

pan  of  ibe  line.  Pram  tbU  po*(,  bowcver.  be  wts  tooa  expelled  iritli 
«on*i<lCTable  Iom.  by  a  gnilnnl  nUack  qT  tome  companiM  uf  llic  2J  tiM- 
ulion  of  ibc  l4Ui  rrgimmt,  under  I.iculcnKDt-coloDcl  Nicbvlls;  bcfon.' 
Ave  in  llic  evening  sn  h»il  not  only  nucceMrutly  irpeUed  every  atiack 
inadv  upon  Oic  posilioii,  bul  bud  Koiu'-d  ground  is  sluoM  all  poinb,  and 
oocupiM  ■  mure  funrard  ti(i«  tliiii  ut  lh«  rannMiicenteDt  ot  ihe  actioa. 
wbiUl  die  enemy  coufiiifd  bid  operations  to  a  eaononade  and  ihv  fire  oT 
bU  ligbl  troops,  villi  a  vj«w  to  draw  oir  bi«  oiber  corp*.  At  *u  tbw 
Bring  «iiir«ly  ceawd.  Th«  diRercRt  brigade*  were  raMMOibM  on  the 
grounfi  Ibey  occupied  in  th«  morning,  and  tiic  piquet*  and  ailvaiiCMl 
pmta  reamed  their  origiaal  stocion. 

"  Notwithstanding  the  decided  and  niBik«l  (upvriority  which  at  ihi* 
moment  th«  gallantry  uf  ibe  iruopi  Imd  given  tbem  over  an  enemy,  wfao, 
from  his  nambRr,  and  tbe  ooitimanditiK  ailvaul^[<a  of  bis  po^itiaa,  no 
doubt  exprctcd  Bu  eaay  victory,  I  did  nut,  oi>  revKwiiig  all  cireum- 
stanccK,  eoneciro  that  1  should  be  warranted  in  departing  from  what  1 
knew  van  tlie  lised  and  previous  de4eruiiua(Jon  of  the  lata  coiBnaiMler 
of  lb«  force*,  to  nitbdraw  tbe  amiy  on  the  evening  of  the  IGib  lor  tbe 
purpose  of  embarlulioo,  the  previous  arrangements  for  which  bad  al- 
ready been  made  by  his  order,  and  were  in  fnct  far  »dvBnood  at  the 
commeocemeDt  of  tlie  action,  Tbe  troop*  qiiitie<l  their  position  about 
ten  At  night,  with  n  drgree  of  order  tliat  did  them  crrdiu  The  wbola 
of  the  Brlillciy  tlinl  rrnuinrd  uncmbarked  having  hrco  nithdrawn,  tb« 
Iraopx  ibilowed  in  the  order  prrscribcd,  and  marched  to  tbcir  mpeclirc 
points  of  embarkation  in  tbe  luun  and  nci}(libuurliood  ofCoranna.  Tbe 
piquvts  rtuiaiiicd  Ut  their  posts  until  five  on  tbe  ntorniog  of  the  17tli, 
ulivn  iliey  were  also  withdrawii  with  Aioiilur  orden,  and  willioul  iba 
rneniy  hitving  discovered  the  uiovcnicnt. 

"  By  the  uureiuitled  ekeriiou*  of  Captains,  tbe  lloo.  II.  Curaoo, 
Goasclio,  Boys,  Bainier,  Scrreil,  HawkiiM,  Oigby,  Garden,  aad  Ma» 
kenzie,  of  llie  royal  navy,  «lio,  in  punuaiiw  of  tbe  otdm  of  Rear* 
admiral  de  Couroy,  were  Intrusted  witli  tbe  aervice  of  embarkiiig  the 
amy;  and  in  consequence  of  tbe  orrangemnita  ma^  by  Commiseiooer 
Bowen,  Captains  Ilowen  and  Sbephrnl,  and  the  other  agent*  for  irmna> 
port*,  lbs  whole  of  llie  army  wire  embarked  villi  an  eJtpedilion  wbkk 
tias  seldom  been  e<|aallcd.  With  the  exception  of  the  htigtAn  nader 
Mi^or-geiK  niU  Hill  and  Bcr^-sford.  which  were  destined  to  rcnuin  on 
fhoTf,  until  the  movrtnciit*  of  the  cnetny  should  bccotuc  nuiifltat,  tW 
vbole  was  aBoat  before  day-light. 

■'  The  brigade  of  Major-general  Dereaford,  which  was  allemalfly  to 
form  out  rear-guard,  occupird  the  land  front  of  the  town  of  Corvaaa; 
■liat  under  Major-general  Hill  waa  stationed  in  reserve  on  tbe  priNnon- 
lory  in  rear  of  tbe  town. 

"  The  enemy  pushed  bia  l^bt  Iroope  towards  tli«  town  aooo  after 
eigbl  o'clock  in  tlie  moming  of  the  I7lh,  and  shortly  afker  occupied  tbe 
lidgbts  of  St  Lucia,  wliicb  command  tlie  harbour.  But  tiotn  iibsland- 
iog  this  circumstance,  ood  the  manifold  delects  of  ilic  pla<^',  thcra  be- 
ing no  appruhGiisioii  that  the  rear-guard  could  be  forccil,  and  ibe  dis- 
E'  '  n  of  the  Spauiard*  appearing  to  be  good,  ibc  embarkatsoo  ol 
-general  Hill'*  brigade  nu  rnininenced  aad  completed  by  three 
^cmoon;  Mojor -general  Bemford,  with  that  leal  and  alulitj 
trbieh  i*  so  well-known  to  youraelf  and  the  *bok  army,  having  fully 


P(»on-j  JOBX,  BABt  OP  nopsTom'.  311 

'xptained,  to  llie  tetiifactioii  of  iho  Spi>[it*ti  gorcrnor,  llic  nature  of  our 
movement,  and  having  tnAdc  every  previoux  amtngcmcnl,  wiikdrvw  In* 
corps  from  the  land  Iront  of  the  town  toon  after  dark,  and  van,  willi  nil 
the  wouiKlcd  tliNt  hod  not  Ixxsii  pKvioiuljt  iao*«iJi  «iiil»rk«<l  before  oa« 
lli!a  moraltig. 

"  Cireumitancis  Turbid  lu  to  Indulge  the  bope  that  the  rictoi-f  witli 
whicb  it  hu  pleased  Providrnce  lo  crown  tbe  efforLi  of  iIm  army  ctia 
he  a(l«iMk-d  with  any  very  brilliaat  oansequencM  to  Great  Brilaiii.  It 
ii  clouded  by  lh«  low  of  one  of  her  bett  toldier*.  It  ha*  been  Bchicrol 
it  ihc  terininatioD  of  a  long  aod  hnra»ing  ncrricv.  The  superior  nom- 
hrn  aod  adwittageoua  position  of  the  enemy,  iio<  Icm  than  tbc  actual 
situation  ofthisanny,  did  not  admit  of  any  sdmiugabeii^  reaped  Irom 
•uceeM.  It  mtut  be  honaver  lo  you,  to  tht\  nrmy,  and  to  our  count/}-, 
tbe  awccto*!  rrBcdiaiii  tbu  tfau  lustre  of  the  Itritiih  uvm  baa  been  main- 
tained uniibt  many  diaadrantageou*  circumituncr^  The  army  vbich  liail 
oiiiered  Spain  nniidit  thi?  fatresi  proipectn,  had  no  Moner  comiik-ted  it* 
JunctioD,  iJian,  uwtug  to  (he  mul(i|rlied  dUasten  tbat  diipened  tbc  naiivu 
armief  around  ti>,  it  was  kfl  lo  it*  owD  reaOHfoM.  The  adrance  of  ilii- 
Briiifb  corps  rroin  the  Uuero,  afforded  tbe  beat  hope  that  the  *i>ulh  uf 
Spain  might  br  ri'lieved,  hut  this  generous  efTort  lo  siive  the  wnfcrlu- 
nale  people,  ubo  oiTorded  the  eoemy  the  opportutiliy  of  directing  crrry 
dibrt  of  hi*  numc-rou*  troops,  and  concentrating  all  hii  principal  re> 
aotireei  br  tbc  dcstniciion  of  tbe  only  regttlir  force  in  ibe  north  at 
Spain. 

"  Yoa  are  well  aware  wiili  wfaat  diligeDoe  lliia  sytten  ha*  Im^ii  por- 
Med. 

"  Thctc  clroumttancca  prodacMl  tbc  iicoeattty  of  rapid  anil  tiariMing 
inarcbe*!  which  hod  diauBwlMd  tba  number*,  exhausted  ihe  strtrngtb. 
and  impaired  the  t'ljuipuKnt  of  tbe  army.  NotwiUManding  all  iInst 
■JUadvantage*.  and  iliose  more  immediately  attacked  to  a  deleuiva  pci* 
*itioa,  which  ihL'  imperiiHis  ncccauty  of  cenni^  the  harbour  of  Cot' 
uitna  for  a  timv  had  n-nderi-d  indkp«nid>le  lo  MWitna,  tbe  Bali*«  and 
UBilualcd  valour  of  EtriiUh  Iroop*  waa  aercr  nora  coiMpicuoos,  and 
meet  htv«  exoeeded  what  even  your  own  eipniMce  of  that  iii*al«aU«' 
'joolity,  *o  iiiberrnt  in  ibem,  mny  linvc  taught  you  10  eipeeL  When 
every  one  tliat  hod  an  opporlUDity  vecmefl  to  vie  in  improving  it,  it  it 
dilHculi  for  me,  in  making  ihi*  riiiort,  to  wtccl  particular  insiaocee  for 
your  approlntioo.  The  eorp*  chiefly  cnf;aKcd  were  the  bri},-ailc*  under 
Major-general*  Lord  William  Bciiiinck,  Maiiuiugbani,  and  Leiih  ;  and 
the  bngado  of  gnanJt  umler  Majur-i^etierol  Wnrdc. 

"  To  Ih4-(c  oKlecr*,  nnd  Iho  lriMi|i>  under  tbeir  immcilisle  onh'n,  Iba 
Rrtatest  praise  i*  due.  Major- gene ntl  Hill  ami  Colunrl  CiUlin  Cnw- 
lurJ,  with  their  brindM  on  tbe  left  of  tbc  |>(»iif>ii,  ubiy  Mpported  their 
adTaneed  posli.  Tbe  btvat  of  tbe  action  fell  ujwn  tbe  4tb,  4M,  AOth. 
ami  6l*t  regiments,  with  paru  of  the  brigade  of  guarda  and  iba  S6tb 
re^maiit.  From  Llentcnani-aelDnel  Murray,  qiMfttMBaatcr-genaral. 
and  tbe  ofHc«n  of  iba  general  ataff,  I  reednd  tbo  moat  markad  awbi- 
ance.  I  had  reason  to  regret  that  th«  lllaMa  of  Brigadier-general 
(Jlinton,  arfiutaBt-geaeral,  deprived  mc  of  bt*  aid.  I  was  indvUrd  lu 
Brigadtcr-genetal  Slade  during  tbe  action  for  a  lealou*  offer  of  hi*  per- 
•onal  tarrior*,  although  the  cavalry  were  etnlMrked. 

**  Thv  greater  part  of  tlie  Acet  liaving  gone  to  sea  yeMetday  emingi 


3U 


POtlTICAL  SBSnS. 


[Xixni 


the  ffbolt  being  iindrr  wrigli,  ami  the  corps,  in  ifac  rmlMrkatioot  i 
Mrily  Bilieh  niixrri  on  board,  it  i>  impouiyc  at  prvtcnt  to  by  brfurc 
vou  a  return  nf  our  csuunltiri.  1  hope  tbc  km  in  number)  m  not  co 
conudorablc  a*  might  bavc  bt-ra  expected.  If  I  was  obliged  10  Atm 
an  estimate,  I  should  say  tbul  I  lirlicire  it  ilid  itot  eii'Md,  iu  killi-d  uid 
wooBded,  IVoiH  wrvn  to  ngbt  liuodred;  ibal  of  tlie  eoeiuy  must  mnaia 
unkDOwa;  but  many  drcumattncea  ioduM  rae  to  rale  il  at  Dearly 
double  Die  abore  oumbrr.  We  have  Mme  priwnen.  bat  1  liave  not 
been  able  to  oMain  aii  account  of  the  Dumber;  it  is  not,  bovcier,  cou- 
■idenble.  Severd  ofBcen  of  rank  have  ralloB,  or  been  wouadeU. 
among  vlwoi  I  am  only  nt  present  cnablMl  to  MiUc  lii«  nftpwa  of  Lieu- 
IMMN-colonel  Napier,  QSd  rvgimrnt,  .Majors  Napirr  and  SlonboM,  &OUt 
rtpmeni,  killrd  ; — LindamDt-coUincI  \V  incb.  4lli  refim«il.^U«iM«a- 
■nt-oolond  Monvrll,  9&l1t  n'ginicQi. — Liculcniuit-coUKiel  Fane,  j9Ut 
rcRinitntt — LJnlvnant-oolotid  GrilStb,  doordv— Majors  Miller  and 
Willuros.  Hist  regiment,  nounilcd. 

"  To  yon,  who  ore  well  acquainted  Kith  ibe  csocllcnt  <)ualitir«  of 
Lie^tenan^g^^lt^al  Sir  ,)ahn  Movrc,  I  u«ed  not  espoUale  ou  the  loss 
the  timy  and  Lin  cuonlry  bave  sosttined  by  his  deatli.  Hia  &I1  has 
deprlrcd  me  of  a  valuable  friend,  to  vtbom  long  ezperleoeo  of  hia  wortb 
fattl  (iMardy  oUaelied  me.  But  H  is  cUitfly  on  public  grounds  ibat  I 
must  lament  (be  blow.  It  will  be  the  conversation  of  eveiy  one  who 
loved  or  respects)  hia  manly  character,  that,  after  conducting  tbe  army 
through  an  arduous  rttrtat  wjili  con^mmatc  DrinneM,  ho  haa  tennJBMMl 
a  oarorr  of  dtstinguisbcd  honour  by  a  dr-oih  Ibat  ha«  giTva  ibt  snaaiy 
additional  reason  to  respect  the  name  of  a  Uritiih  soldier.  Like  tbe 
innortal  Wolfe,  he  ii  maleliMl  from  his  tounlry  at  an  early  period  of 
a  life  spent  in  hn-  scrficc;  like  Wolfe,  hb  last  moments  were  gilded  by 
the  prospcd  of  snccc**,  and  cheered  by  ibc  ncctomiuion  of  victory  i 
like  Wolfe,  aim,  Us  memory  will  for  ever  remain  sncrod  in  that  country 
wbidl  he  ajneanly  hned,  and  wbicfa  b«  bod  m  bidiTally  scrmL 

"  It  remaint  far  mc  only  to  csprcM  my  hopt^,  that  you  will  speedily 
be  rcUored  to  ibn  arrvlce  of  yonr  eonnir)-,  and  to  liuuent  tbe  uidbrtu- 
■late  elreuinaiaiMn  that  removed  yon  frocn  your  fioiiou  in  tlm  flridi  and 
ihrrw  the  momtnUry  command  into  far  Icm  able  bands. 
"  1  have  Ibe  honour  lo  be,  &c.i 

"  John  Hort:,  Lictilenant-^neral. 

LiBUTIMAKT-GaXBKAL,  SlM  D.  Baiiii>.  &e." 

Genrral  Ifope'a  eminent  services  on  this  occMwn  were  aekoowlMlgtd 
by  his  ridrr  brother  being  crenled  a  baron  of  llie  United  Kiagdnn,  by 
ibe  litb'  of  Baron  Hopvtoun  of  tlopeioun  in  Linlithgowsblroi  aod  1^ 
Ibe  oonERTin*  of  ibt  order  of  the  idlb  upon  bimsel£ 

Sir  John  Hope'a  ne«  miliiary  srrvici-s  wore  in  ibe  expedition  to  tlM_ 
Snbaldl.      In  1810  be  wai  empJoyrtl  in  Spain.      Mi)  nrxt  sppdH 
was  ibnt  of  eommander-in-chief  in  In-loml :  bat  in   1913  be 
tbn  duk«  of  Wdliiifttoii,  aiMl  beonie  si-cood  in  command.     In  all 
dnkaTi  daapntcben  the  aerviceii  of  Sir  Jubn  Arc  noiieei^  and  warmly  i 
knowMfed.     In  hi*  very  last  MieciiMer  wlib  the  Frcncbt  while  i 
itig  a  Mrtle  made  by  then  froa  Bayonne^  Sir  John  was  lakco 
after  receiving  sonn  msnn  wounda  and  beui*es  froui  bis  borsa,  whii 
w«a  ibat  is  the  eoBllo^  and  fell  upon  hin.    He  of  ooune  did  not  lenfK 


PW0ft.J 


CKOnOK,  IjOM>  kuth. 


313 


■hi  a  priMour,  but  wss  fnr  &  coutiil^rable  timt  iocapoiciUtcd  Cm 

Oil  the  3(1  or  Mat-,  I8U,  he  mm  eroat(>d  a  poeroribe  Uniird  Kin^- 
(lotn,  fay  the  liIll^  of  Baraa  Niddry  of  Niddry  id  ihe  cooBiy  of  I.inlitli- 
cou.  He  declined  reeeiviirf;  any  pecuniary  re«oinp«iua  Tor  ibc  impor- 
t.tnt  f«rvii)C8  irliicli  he  had  r«nd«rMl  bit  country.  On  xh*  ifi-nih  <if  hi* 
hiJf-lir«th»r,  JaniM,  third  eorl  of  Hopotnun.  in  May,  IHtO,  Lord  Kiil- 
dry  lucocrried  lo  Uic  ftmily-tjtln.  lie  died  M  I'om  on  tlic  S7lb  or 
Ansntl,  1839. 

Pcir  noblMM-n  were  more  rcupoelnl  while  living,  <vr  marc  gmrratly 
Unicf lied  ohm  d(«d.  than  ilio  lati!  rari  o(  Kopctoun,  Ha  tmaiilry 
nn  hi*  numcvou*  ntiUo>  rriDcrd  their  f^titiidr  and  csloetn  loitanis  him 
»t  m  toudkinl,  by  crrcling  public  nioDumrnls  In  bis  iDCtnorr.  In  ibe 
liii;hrr  circlix  of  fociniy  alao,  be  was  tinin^nally  rsli«iiied ;  and  by  ki< 
li.-rihrvn  ia  ana*,  mid  tbu  ariny  ia  geoeral,  Iw  wm  reguded  villi  ili.- 
Iii};bmt  aSbetioD  and  mpcct. 


Crorgr,  &orI)  i&ttt(). 

DMH  A.  P.  1 747.— vmn  4.  D.  1633. 

TtiK  Hob.  QMxge  Keith  ElphiMlone,  fifth  aoo  of  Charln  Lurtl 
EJphiiisu>ii«,  by  CtFOi^nlina,  only  daugbtfr  of  John,  Etirl  of  Wigloa, 
was  boni  in  lh«  y«ar  1747.  He  was  educated  al  Gbugow,  and  cnwrcd 
th«>  nav)-  in  February,  1762.  lu  I7C7  he  vent  or  a  Toyage  (o  China: 
in  1769  h«  proccefini  to  Itidta,  undet  Sir  Jolin  LimUay,  who  aiMlv 
hfm  a  ItcuteuBiit ;  and,  in  1772,  be  wai  afiiptriBted  coramaDder  of  th* 
ijmrpion. 

Hi*  appolBtment  as  po*(.«ipti^a  bean  dale  the  1  lib  of  Tiiny,  1775; 
in  1778  he  wa»  bonour<-<t  wlib  ihe  command  of  ilu-  Pearl  frigate  of  3!l 
gMB*.  and  mttmI  with  her  in  America  uniirr  Lord  Howe.  He  IimI 
aftOTwmU  lbs  pMveui  rri^tr%  atider  Admiral  Arlnitbnoc,  ud  UHMnl 
at  iba  radvcUoa  of  Cbulotown ;  on  wbicb  oocaaion  b«  eooHBandnl  « 
drlachmoiil  of  •oanU'n  on  iliorc,  and  lib  bravn  nnd  ipirilrd  eltnttt  ot»- 
lairi«l  btm  honournblu  luvntioD  in  tliv  olliria]  deipxtebiw  of  the  mm- 
inander-tR-eliti-r,  Ceaanl  Sir  Henry  Ciioton :  Captain  EI()li!iMteaa'« 
•hi|>,  llir  I'orwut,  WM  aba  taleetMl  by  Admiral  Arbullmot  lo  btinfc 
home  (lip  ilniKilcbe*'  Un  hit  relum  to  England  lie  wa^  apiwinted  to 
(lie  Warwick,  of  50  piaai  in  wbicb  veMcl,  beinft  ou  ■  erui«.-  in  the 
Cbanael.  be  «aptuml,  nn  ilia  5ih  of  January,  17til.  tltc  Kutterdam,  a 
DaMh  ahip  of  &0  icuiu.  Durini^  (he  muninder  of  Ibc  W«r  Captain 
KIpbiBMoae  rtnuined  in  tlie  Warwicic,  and  for  the  moat  part  on  tbo  Ame* 
riean  RUfaM.  While  ifaeee,  under  ilie  commaDd  of  Admiral  Digby,  hi« 
nn-al  bi|t)iae«.  Prinoe  Wltlioni  ticnry,  then  ii  luJdabipman  in  the  mI> 
niiral's  ihtp,  being  deatraue  of  a  nioro  ui-iivc  lite  Uiou  be  ipeDl  off  ahorc 
At  New  Yiirk,  rei^oealed  perniiiatiMi  to  go  lo  tea  in  order  tliat  be  aiight 
|!«t  pranicaJ  expericaee;  ami  added  to  tbM  ivaaonablo  rrqncat  bta  wiah 
l<»  crulae  ht  the  Warwick.  Tfao  adiaiml  ocqvieeccd :  uid  Caplain  £!• 
phintttine  liad  tlie  honour  of  the  prince's  ecMnpaay.  we  beliovr,  till  he 
wna  tnuiRfcmd  from  tbe  care  of  Admiral  D^by  lo  ikat  of  Admiral 
llowley.     While  on  a  cruiae  otf  tbo  Ihlaworv,  on  tlie  llili  SepMmbcr. 

VII.  'i  a 


au 


POLITICAL  xmil 


[!Eumi 


1788.  CflplBtD  Elphi&Monc.  nficr  a  clijuc  or  wvrnl  hour*,  Mpluivd  h 
large  French  frigalc,  I.'Alglr,  of  40  gon*  «n  Ijic  main  tkck  and  60u 

IIK'O. 

Tlie  termination  of  l1i«  war  in  17^.3  tfar^w  Captain  BlpliiaXooe  out 
of  rniplnymcnl,  and  he  rpmsintil  to  for  icn  yrttn.  On  th«  Hib  of 
April,  17B7,  li«  iDorrittl  Jam-,  ilaughtrr  and  otAe  hrircw  of  WilJiani 
McTccT,  H*q.,  i>f  Aldic  in  IVrtbsliirr,  itlio  dii-d  Ooccmbcr  IStb,  1799, 
learinx  brhind  licr  one  itnugtitcT,  MaiTfaret. 

In  17113.  Hioii  utinr  tlic  war  brake  out  villi  France,  Captain  Elpliin- 
stone  wa*  uppoiated  to  ttie  Robust,  of  74  gun*,  and  under  bis  directiun 
th«  tttrops  wi^re  landed  at  I'uulon  uhi'n  Lord  Hood  caplut*d  tbat  place. 
For  bU  ■erviwa  on  tliii  occaMon  hi*  lordabtp  appointed  Captain  Elpliin- 
fione  to  act  aa  governor  of  Fort  la  Malgvc  and  it>  dependeuetes.  Hi* 
conduct  in  tliat  pott  exhibitr<I  not  only  grrat  prnonal  intrepidltf  and 
rsertioB,  but  a  concummale  knowledge  alao  of  military  tactic*.  Wlreii 
it  wa*  molvcd  to  vvacuaic  Toulon,  the  coic  of  embarking  the  artillery, 
itorr*,  ond  troops,  was  i^>mniiltvd  to  Captain  ElphinalDDC,  who,  althoagh 
tfac  enemy  at  tliat  tini<r  cvnimanilcd  the  lovn  and  sbtps  by  ihi-ir  ahot 
and  shells,  brought  olf  thi?  whole  of  the  iroopO)  to  tbe  uuinbtr  oTnnrly 
t^OOU,  wiihoiit  Ibc  ioH  uf  u  man. 

Un  his  n^lum  to  Eiigliuid,  Captain  ElpliioMone'a  distiiisuisbcd  m^t* 
were  rewarded  by  his  iiinjesty  willi  th«  order  of  the  ^ib.  On  tbe 
lltb  of  April,  1794,  he  was  Biade  rear-adsniral  of  the  Blue;  and  w) 
tbe  4th  of  July  of  ibe  same  year,  rear-admiral  of  ibe  While;  in  which 
capMity  be  linisted  hi*  flag  on  board  Ibe  BnrBeur  of  68  guM.  Vice- 
captain  Dowycr,  uho,  linriag  lort  a  Ic^  in  lb<-  glorioua  albirof  tbe  1st 
of  June,  under  Lord  Uowe,  wiit  ubiigtd  to  retire  ibr  t  lime  from  ilie 
MTvlce.  In  the  Channel  Uert  Admiral  ElpliioMooe  continued  tbe  r*> 
uiaindi'T  of  that  j«ar. 

Early  in  1793,  lioftilitiea  having  eomitieneed  with  tlie  Dutcb,  il« 
admiral  sliifted  bis  flag  tn  tbc  Muuareh  of  7-t  gun^,  and  sailed  from 
SpilbcMl  |i(ir  the  Cape  of  Good  Hofie.  having  under  hi*  conmand  tli« 
MIowingaquadroR, — Moaaicb  74,  Victorious  74,  Arrogahl  7-li  Sphynx 
SO,  and  lUttlcHiakc  lo  gun*.  In  Simon's  bay.  near  Ibe  Cape,  be  wa* 
joined  fay  the  America  &4i  Stalely  (t4.  Echo  iloop,  and  fome  IndiaiBeti, 
wiib  troop*,  ond  immediately  sent  |>to|>ou1s  Io  ibe  Dutch  govefnor  to 
MiTTsoder  tbn  Caps  to  hi*  Britannto  iik^etty'a  arms:  whieh  briny  r»- 
fuMdt  ncMam  wvrs  lalcan  by  tum,  in  coitJuiMtlao  with  (;ci>vral  Alsfod 
{'larlir,  for  reducing  it  by  force.  On  the  14th  of  July  a  lundioK  was 
r.l'rcted  at  SiniMi's-town.  and  po«*F«Moa  obtained  of  that  place  wbich 
had  been  previoaaly  nacualvd  wilb  ibo  auppoaed  tntentiuii  of  being 
(xiral.  Tbe  troops,  adtaneing  toward*  Cape-town,  carrieil  ibe  sirtMig 
poM  of  Mnyacnbcrg,  wbcrc  CiGDeral  Craig  waited  tot  a  rcinfotecmciil 
tram  St  Salvador.  AAcr  vmt  weeks  of  inaction,  an  attempt  to  sur- 
miie  tbi!  most  coasiiJcniUc  of  the  uul-poat*  foiled:  and,  Ihougb  Ibv 
EngUali  nrpi'lli-d  a  lirm  attack,  tbeir  eflbna  did  not  deter  ibcir  adtrr- 
•ariea  from  prepariog  lor  a  grtMrral  engagement.  At  t)i»  er»i*  tl>c 
appearance  of  the  expected  reiulbroeiDcBt  checked  tbe  caj;i!rn«is  of  the 
riidny  ;  th«  gorcnaiMtt  prapoaed  &  OMHtton  «f  koatililtus.  and  irmn 
of  capitalaiion  were  Myoated  on  iha  I61I1  of  Seplembcr,  by  nhidi  ii 
was  agreed  tbat  the  troop*  in  garriM-n  should  be  prtsonen  uf  war,  ami 
that  the  proper^  of  tbe  Dutch  Ea*l  Li«Lia  company  aboaUI  be  deUwrctl 


fiusE.]  nitoRcz,  i.onn  KciTir.  tU 

np  lo  ih«  cu|rtors  of  tlw  trtilcuncnl;  b«U  jwivaie  ponMioMns  uid  tivil 
rijthu  wiv  M't  inviolate 

Tlic  Hicccu  of  Dur  ailniiral  did  nut  nnd  ben-,  Tli«  new  Gallo-BafB- 
vian  fjoipraownl  resulted  wi  niakiii);  an  ailt-nipt  1»  regaiu  poMiwioa  ol 
lliv  Mtttltinciil.  aiid  for  lliat  parpout  a  M|uailnMi  of  t-ipilit  ship*  of  war 
and  a  store-Aliip  arrived  <iS  &ildajilia  bay  tarly  iu  Aagoal,  17H6.  Ad- 
miral EJphiiistuiif  wa*  MOD  appriwil  of  llivir  uiiproAcb,  and  prepared 
hir  batik;  buti  after  aiKhorinj;  wltliio  camiuu-ahoC  «illi  the  bunuiDttj 
M  natural  to  Brititli  otiicera,  lie  a«nt  a  kitvr  by  a  flag  of  Irucv  to  Ad* 
(niral  Lanth  tli«  Ooteb  comnMnder,  requ^diu;;,  lliat,  lo  »parc  tlw  cfFii- 
»ion  ol'  hunuQ  blood,  be  would  Mirreuder  bt*  w)(iailro«,  wiiich  ctrahl 
bare  iM  cbancie  of  hicc«u  in  a  roiitcbt  wUh  a  Dritiab  force  Hipcrior  in 
kit  ovn.  Tin-  Doldi  admiral  ytvlded,  aad  oa  ifae  I9(li  of  Augiut  aur- 
rend«r«d  bis  Mjuadfoih  ooawisiing  of  t«o  ithipa  of  66  guiWi  one  &4,  uic 
44i  one  40^  Ono  38i  one  S8,  one  18,  aiid  a  »lore-ship. 

On  account  of  iheav  emiarnt  serriM*  hi*  ma^ifty  wn*  pleMcd,  oit 
tbe  7(b  of  March,  17S7.  lo  confrr  on  Admiral  ElpbinMaoi'  ihn  difniily 
»r  a  bnron  of  Itir  Lin|;<i<iiii  of  Irntand.  In  the-  rnonlb  of  Miiy  of  tha 
MHn«  ynr  Lord  Keith  wo*  urat  to  Shwriics*  to  mprriatctid  Ihr  iia%al 
prapuUMMU  ■gMut  tba  mviincora,  wbo  at  tJiat  lima  unhappily  had  tb* 
Bctitaj  poMtaHon  and  comound  of  aavcnl  of  hia  majcfty'*  ihips  at  ihp 
Norc.  SabordiiMiion  ba?Hif(  betn  restored,  liiii  lordibip  bod  for  a  ihort 
lime  a  oofanuad  in  the  Channel  Bed. 

in  tli«  viflUr  of  1798  Lord  Ktilh  hnutnl  lii*  tins  on  bonrd  the  Foud- 
royaiit  of  8U  gMB*,  employed  oJT  Cadi]  and  in  (lir  Mrdilt'maoiin,  under 
tbc  onlcr*  of  tbc  tart  of  St  ^'iuciritt.  Ua  tbo  Ulh  of  February,  17M, 
be  tiaa  promoted  from  eice-admiral  of  ilic  Ulac  t»  be  vkc>adiniral  of 
the  lied.  On  the  23d  of  June  Lord  St  Vinci-nt  bein;;  about  10  mora 
to  Eikgloiid  for  th«  am^wlinetii  of  bi*  hMJtIi,  rc>i|{De<)  to  Lord  Keith 
the  command  of  Ibe  Medllermnean  Ib^ct.  NolliiuK  very  matriial  or- 
eiirrMi  idl  the  17th  of  Marab.  1800,  when  bi«  lonbliip  bad  llie  inialar- 
teou  to  lose  Ida  noble  flag-abtp,  tli«  Queen  Ctinrluite,  by  ftre^  in  heg- 
bgn  roada.  Of  the  cr««r,  eleven  «ere  on  ahurc  with  the  admiral,  "im* 
liBBdrvd  and  fifty  were  lavtsl  by  boats ;  but  tbi;  remniixlcr,  amouniini* 
lo  nearly  »cvi-n  hiwdrtd,  unlbitUDately  pcrrUied. 

Lord  Keith  now  liokted  hi*  flag  on  baard  the  Aixbcioua,  but  alirr- 
«anl«  (tiined  it  lo  iba  MJnotaar.  He  then  proceeded  with  a  part  of 
bia  lle«-t  lo  Genon,  wbtoh  waa  In  the  poiHiaiou  of  ibe  Freneh  undrt 
UuarBa,  and  waa  beriagad  by  lb*  AiMrian  ^in-rul.  Metu.  Su  cUwely 
did  bo  Uockada  ibe  poili  that,  at  ibe  end  of  aboui  three  montlia,  the 
Freneh,  to  avoid  actuai  iunine,  c«|>itulalcd.  Malta  tbor^y  alter  *itr- 
reDdernl  lo  a  dMacbiMBt  of  bin  lleei ;  and,  about  Octobrr,  in  comjunc- 
lion  with  Sir  Kal|>li  AlMrrrouitiy,  he  made  prepamlwn*  for  an  allacfc 
on  Cadia,  wbtcb,  however,  waa  nbondoned,  on  accmiol  of  the  pitiable 
•Ula  ol'tbe  inbabitanta  and  ganiion,  among  whom  an  epidetuie  dJuaae. 
which  very  nucb  naMttUed  the  plague,  wae,  il  appeared,  making  draad- 
ful  ratagea. 

On  Ibe  Im  of  Jannory,  1001,  Lord  Kdih  wm  profnoted  to  be  ad- 
miral of  (he  Ulne:  and  be  thia  year  eoromaiuUtl,  in  tlic  Foudrovaiil,  the 
naval  force  employed  against  the  French  on  the  eoaat  of  BgypL  On 
tba  onncnder  of  Ibe  Mttoy'ii  army  there  hi*  lordibip  «»•  ervaicd.  De- 
crmber  &lh,  1601,  a  peer  of  Great  Dninin,  by  tbc  title  of  Boron  Ki'illi 


i 


ne 


MLITICAL  UktXS. 


(K« 


at  8U)ne)ia*cii-Mari*oliBl  !ii  Kincardioeshire,  uiitl  m^eived  titc  tk*iiL« 
of  both  hoiMm  orparliaiuGDt.  Hit  Dervicti  iu  £f:)*)>l  mrc  Ihw  bolJecd 
In  General  Hu(tliiaaoii*8  dMpatoh<«:  "  During  Ibe  cuur(«  uf  ihe  long 
lerrjcc  Jn  uhich  iri-  have  been  ntgaged>  Loni  KviOt  hia,  at  oil  liaiM, 
given  ine  th«  moot  able  anuiiuicc  snij  cohdmI.  Tbe  laboar  and  &ligae 
i>rtii«  oavy  hare  been  caotinucd  sod  cic««civa;  it  ha*  aot  been  of  one 
day  or  of  one  yreek,  but  for  momlM  tng^iber.  In  ibo  bay  of  Aboukir, 
on  iho  New  Inundalion,  and  on  iIm!  Nile,  for  160  miks,  l<i«y  have  bwu 
emplojcd  niihom  inUrrniMion,  iuul  bare  lubmiUcd  to  many  privaiioD* 
irith  a  cliMrfulDCit*  and  pntic»cc  bigltly  creditable  (o  Ibetn,  and  adraii- 
Ugeoua  to  tbo  public  acrvice."  In  a  >aha«<qacat  dnpaich  ibe  gonnul 
Mcni*  to  tbo  "  many  obligaUonx  "  thnt  he  <rna  ondrr  to  I^rd  Keith. 

Wben  iioMililiM  rveontmoaocd  oilb  Frnncr,  in  1803,  Lord  Kfitli 
vw  appointrd  to  tbe  chief  nntnl  cominand  at  I'iyiiKiulli.  In  the  b^ 
guiniog  of  October  of  that  year  his  lonUhip  modo  on  experiment  «n  • 
null  «cale,  with  a  new  moilc  or  nttack  on  tiic  gun-vcawU  in  UoukoigiMr 
hirbour,  whicli  to  a  rartaio  degree  (UcccedcxI,  and  uithout  aojr  loM 
being  aiiaiaioed  on  fl«r  pan. 

On  tbc  9th  of  Norrraber.  1805,  hi*  lonUiip  vas  ratfed  to  th«  rank  of 
admiral  ofihe  White,  and  in  1812  he  Hic<eee(!ed  to  Iba  duef  comtnaMi 
oflbe  Channel  fleet.  On  the  Ulbof  May,  1814,  bo  waa  alavaied  to  tk« 
dignity  of  a«i»oount  of  the  United  Kingilom;  and  about  a  year  bcfam 
bit  duth,  irliich  look  plaee  in  Mnrch.  1823,  Ik  obtained  Iratv  lo  me- 
cept  a  grand  crOM  of  the  royal  Saniioinn  order  of  St  .^Inurice  and  St 
Loaare,  for  hit  aervices  at  (icnon,  io  ItJOU.  In  addition  to  hii  olIm^ 
dblinciNDe,  be  wa*,  at  the  time  of  fab  dcoeaar,  adniNl  of  the  Bed ; 
mtntchai  of  Ireland :  lecrelary.  chasibtrlain.  aad  keeper  of  the  aigoK 
lo  the  great  utenanl  of  Sc4illanil:  trcMun^r  and  compirotler  of  Ibe 
houaehoUl  of  tlie  duke  of  Clarence,  and  a  felloir  of  the  Aoyal  Mictety. 
Prior  to  faia  eleTation  to  iIil-  Britifth  (leerage,  Im  bad  aitcctauvrly  rc- 
prewuUd  Dunnbarloa  and  StirliDKiLtre.  He  trai  twice  married,  ainl 
lell  two  dau^litera ;  the  eldc«t  of  whom  tuececdcd  lo  the  iMrany,  ami 
becoiiM  tlie  « i(v  of  Count  Flahaull,  one  of  Nn|iolMia'B  ahlefr-do-cauip. 


ao*H  ».  D.  l72a^iMaD  *.  o.  \923. 


TiioMAa  EitixisK  »a«  the  third  and  youogcai  aon  of  Hcnij,  ImU> 

mrl  of  Buclinn.  Like  hi*  other  jeifted  brotfaor,  a  notice  of  whom  liaf 
br<-n  prewnleil  to  the  reader  within  llw*c  few  pagca.  be  at  lin^t  alteiB|il»<l 
lo  |>uib  hii  fortune  in  military  lite,  bul  aliotit  llie  sp^  of  luroty^aii  liia 
belter  geniu*  directed  hi*  attention  to  llw  lair.  He  had  ti-eciv«d  an 
eiceltr-iil  education  in  early  liA.-,  alunj;  with  hb  brolbcn,  at  St  Anilivwa 
•ml  K'Jinburgh  ;  bul  he  oavt  rutfrptl  hiimrlf  of  Tnnily  coUi-ge,  wbers 
h  !•  inok  tlie  bonorary  dCK'^^  ^  ^^-  ^-  '■>  17^8.  He  wna  railed  lo  tbo 
bar  in  Trintly  Mm  of  that  year. 

Almoat  imoicdiulrly  afler  hi*  appeannce  at  the  bar  an  oppotmiitjr 
•fdiitioftubfaiitg  bimwlf  <*•*  alTorded  in  the  defence  of  CapUin  BallUa 
(at  B  libel  on  tbn  enri  of  Sandwich.  In  lh«  ronrtc  of  hi*  ipcccK  tiM 
fowog  adtxicate  beaitated  not  to  attack  the  nobk  carl  ra  very  indigaSBl 


ruiftD.] 


THOMAS,  tOHD  KMKIKE. 


ai7 


Umtt :  "  Tli«  detcodant,"  ht  aitl,  "  is  nul  a  ili»ap|>u!nt«d  BiaUolon*  in* 
(ofiner.  prying  iiila  oHiciml  abu«ca  beoAUte  without  office  hlnweir.  but 
LimM'lf  a  man  in  office : — not  iroubleMWMly  iii<|u»itivi>  into  otbcr  nieoV 
deiiartmcuU,  but  cooKi^ulioutlj'  comoliag  hi*  onn ; — doing  it  pur- 
tout  lo  Ui«  ruW  of  law,  and,  nhM  htigbten*  tbe  cbaracta*,  tloiiig  it  at 
the  riik  of  lii*  oSace,  from  which  Ihc  rffnalery  of  pomr  ho*  almuljr 
•UtpMlded  hini  vritboiil  proof  of  hi*  guilt.*— a  condoct  not  only  uiijn*( 
and  illiberal,  but  h^hly  disrraprctfui  to  thii  court,  vboM  jud^e*  ail  in 
lb*  doiil>1i!  capacity  of  minittm  of  the  law,  and  fcovcrnon  of  tlii>  sa^crtd 
and  aboKcd  institutioo.  Intlocd,  LonI  Sandviclt  baa,  in  my  luiaili  acted 
Mich  a  part  ..."  Here  Lord  ManaSctd,  obMrving  tba  couoic]  hunted 
nitb  hi*  aubJMt,  and  gtontin^  pcnoual  ou  tbc  finrt  lord  of  tbc  admirulty. 
told  him  tbni  Lord  Saoiiirich  van  not  before  tbe  court.  "1  Iloow  that 
br  ti  not  (urmally  before  (ho  court."  rcaumed  Enkiiw,  "  bat  for  that 
very  rcitM>n  I  willbrio);  Iiim  before  the  court.  He  has  |il«c«d  tbew!  men 
in  tlie  front  of  ilic  baitli^,  iu  liopei  to  Mcapo  under  titvir  alK-lter :  but  I 
n  ill  not  join  in  battle  with  ibem  :  ibetr  T)c»«,  though  tcrcwfd  up  lo  tfar 
higbctl  piicli  of  huntan  dvpreviiy,  arc  not  of  dignity  enough  lo  vindi- 
cate tb«  combat  with  inc.  I  will  drag  him  to  light  who  i>  the  dark 
mWMst  bebtnd  thia  aoMie  of  iniquity-  I  niucn  that  the  carl  of  Sandwich 
haa  but  one  rood  to  Mcapo  out  of  tfai*  bunincu  uritbuot  pollutioa  and 
dbgracc ;  and  lliai  i*,  by  puMicly  dimvouing  tbe  aci«  of  tli«  iiroaccnlert. 
and  restoring  Cnplnin  It.iiliic  lo  hii  command.  If  be  lioia  thi<>  tboi 
hi*  ofTcncc  will  t>c  oo  tnorv  than  tlin  loo  comnioo  oac  of  having  Mflt-tcd 
hi*  ovn  pcnonnl  inlomi  to  prcrail  over  bii  pnUio  duly,  in  jiladug  bia 
voters  ID  the  bospitsl.  But  if,  on  tbc  contrary,  he  contiiiur«  to  protect 
ihe  prowctttor*.  in  apite  oflhe  evidence  of  (lieir  ^uilt,  whirb  Iiw  excilHl 
the  abhorTvnc«  of  ibe  nuneroiks  audiencv  that  crowd  thb  court;  if  br 
iecp*  thii  injured  man  utapcndrd,  or  dam  to  turti  tliat  autpctuion  inin 
a  romoval,  1  aball  then  ikK  acruplo  lo  drt-lare  hisi  an  accompli^'  in 
their  gnlllv— «  tbamdeas  otiprrsKir,  a  diagrner  to  hi*  rank,  and  a  traitor 
10  hi*  Inut."  Sdch  was  tbe  impTMUon  made  by  bim  oo  tbi*  biit  tint 
appearaoce  al  tlie  bar,  thai  brfuro  be  IcA  the  court  ui-arly  tliirly  bricft 
were  preaeolcd  lo  him  by  diifcrtnt  Bltmnry*;  and  from  thi*  date,  for  a 
period  of  five-and.twcnty  yean,  h«  was  retained  in  alnioat  every  inpor- 
tant  esiuae.  Hia  defesce  of  Ixwd  George  Gordon,  in  whldi  he  cou- 
pleU'ly  ovrrihrcn  the  dociriM-  of  Cotutraolive  triodon,  plac«l  bim  im- 
KlfMurnbly  iiIh>vc  all  the  law-oralor*  of  tbe  day.  It*  cMcct  on  tbe 
audii-tic4.'  II ho  heard  it,  and  tbc  irilranal  to  which  it  wa*  atldiva*ed.  wa* 
ovurwhrlniiu);.     Tbc  followinR  i*  tbc  cIom'  oI  ilm  spliWid  oration: 

■■  What.  tlMH,  ho*  prodnetd  tlib  trial  for  hifjh  irt«K>D:  or  given  it, 
when  jirudnoed,  thv  terioafMaa  and  aoleniniiy  it  near*?  Wbai,  b«it 
tbe  inveiNon  of  all  joUice,  by  judgto);  front  couaeqaeocM^  ijwtead  of 
tnm  canawuMi  dcwigM? — what,  but  tlie  artful  awnner  in  wbick  ibr 
crowii  boa  endearourMl  U>  blend  tba  pttltloiiing  f"  a  body,  and  tbe  imI 
wilb  which  an  animated  dlopoaiUon  eondneted  it,  with  the  melaBcboly 
Crimea  tbat  followvd  ? — criruea,  which  the  rbeoM-fiil  indolokee  of  our 
magiatrvtM. — wbkb  the  total  estiiirtton  of  all  polioe  and  governmeni 
•DMrcd  lo  be  coninitted  io  bro*d  day,  and  in  tbe  delirium  of  drxmken* 
ncM,  by  an  onafBiMl  haad>lt»— wUliont  a  heaii— witkoui  plan  or  object 
— and  wiiboiii  •  relbga  ftain  Ihe  InaUni  gripe  of  justice  ; — a  bandilli. 
with  whom  Ihe  assodited  Protewtsnta  aad  their  prrtklcnt  had  do  man. 


9ia 


VOLITICU.  «tHIW. 


IXura 


tier  of  coniiMliMt  and  whusc  tautv  iboy  <i*«rlurued,  ifiBbMioared,  aad 
ruiiiMl.  HoirnBllhlildBa  llidi  is  it  lu  atlempt,  witboul  cndiucct  tu 
ioKect  Uie  InMgiottlon  of  men  who  arc  iworn  dbftanMoaistei;  uid  di 
iBtereMCtHy  to  (ry  the  trivial  otttnec,  of  aMembling  a  multitude  niili  « 
petition  la  rrpcol  a.  l«w  (irhidi  hiw  Impprned  *0  ofirn  in  nil  our  milio 
rie*),  by  blrnding  it  witli  the  btnl  catauroplu!,  on  whicb  rvrry  BWa'a 
mini]  may  he;  Miiipoaccl  In  Tclain  toine  ditgrcv  of  trritalion  r — ()  fie !  O 
Ik  t  U  liic  intt-llcdiial  scat  uf  Justice  to  be  tbu*  itnpiiKisly  •haken? 
Ate  your  brncvuli-nt  prvpuuilin  lu  Iw  (hui  dlioippuinteO  anil  abtunl? 
Do  llTey  wuh  you,  wliil<^  you  arv  tUlt-ulii};  tu  ibr  evidence,  to  coimcct 
it  nich  uiiforesL-cii  «iase4)ii«ncea.  In  tpitM  of  rewoti  aiid  tniib  i  Is  it 
their  ul^ect  lo  liang  tbc  tuiUtloneof  imjudieearoutid  bi*  iuiioi-rut  De«fc 
to  link  him? — If  there  be  «Mcti  men,  may  Hmvcn  lorgive  tlwrn  far  ibe 
attempt,  and  iaapire  you  with  fortitude  and  witdom  lo  ditcliarge  juar 
duty  with  MJm,  Bietdy.  and  reflecting  miodf.  ticoilemen,  I  iiave  nu 
majinrr  of  doubt  thai  you  wilL — I  am  sure  you  cannM  but  Me,  mm- 
witfiuanding  my  great  inabilily,  increMed  by  a  pcrlurbatiOD of  mind, 
(ariaing,  thank  tioil!  Itoiu  no  dithoiwrt  caaar-,)  tbst  tbcrc  lia*  bcnn  boi 
only  no  ftvidcnce  on  the  part  of  the  crown,  to  fii  ilie  guilt  of  the  bu> 
conmotton*  upon  llie  priioncr,  but  ibnl,  on  ibc  eonlrarr,  wc  bnvc  brvn 
able  to  rr»ict  tbc  probability — I  mi^lit  altiuwt  My,  Ilic  poMibility— trf 
tbi!  charge,  not  only  by  living  witncMca,  whom  wc  uiily  ceoml  to  c*ll 
U-caiiM'  Ilir  trial  would  ncTrr  have  cndnl,  but  by  the  cvidcncr  of  aII 
the  bli>od  tbut  has  paid  the  tbrfcii  <if  that  guilt  ulrMdy  j-  lan  cvidenoe 
that,  I  will  take  upoti  mc  to  mv,  i>  Ihc  stroogol,  aiKl  moM  uoauswer- 
able,  wbicb  the  coaibinatioa  of  natural  eveuts  i-ver  brou{;ht  tOf[Hhrr 
MiKv  Uic  beginuiu^  of  the  woiiil  fur  the  di-tivvrancv  vf  ibv  opjmtMdi 
•— (iiice,  in  the  liic  numnnnis  itinU  for  act*  of  violence  and  deprcdatioB, 
though  cooductcd  by  tbr  ablest  H-rvaiiti  of  the  cntwo,  nilh  n  laudable 
eye  to  tie  inv«tti]iatiun  of  the  aubjcct  which  now  eagagi-*  ua,  oo  Uw 
fact  appeartMl  which  abowcd  any  plan,  any  obji-ct,  any  li-adcr  .'^-alaetb 
out  of  lorty-(i>ur  thouKind  perron*  who  sif;iicd  thi-  (vtition  of  tbu  Pro> 
lestania,  not  one  wos  to  be  found  among  thuK  «ho  «cre  rootictol, 
■rird,  or  even  apprtbcnded  on  Mfpicioti  >— and  uooc>  oat  of  all  lh« 
fekiai  who  wvri'  let  Ioimc  from  prisons,  aad  who  a»i»t(d  in  ike  dcstru*.- 
lion  of  our  |)rofierty,  nut  a  tingle  wretch  wai  to  be  fouud,  wbo  could 
even  aileinpt  to  »av«  his  own  lili>  by  ibu  plauuble  promiM  of  ^viag 
evidence  to-day.  What  can  overturn  tuvb  a  proof  na  tJib !  tJarely  • 
Kood  man  might,  without  *u|ieraliii«i,  believe,  that  rach  an  union  of 
rVftii*  wu  KMielhiflg  more  ibaii  tiotuni),  and  ibal  Ihe  Divine  l*rovi- 
dciicw  vai  watchful  fur  ibe  protection  of  iniioccnoe  mad  truth.  I  may 
uuw,  ibcrrforr,  rdieve  you  frvn  ibe  pain  of  hMring  owany  longt-r,  and 
be  mfaelf  relieved  from  speaJting  on  n  aubject  wbieb  ngitalM  and  dJ*- 
Irewtn  ne>  Since  Lord  George  Gordon  alandt  cirnr  of  evevy  boatile  act 
or  pnrpoae  agniaal  ibc  li>gisUlure  of  hi*  country,  or  ih«  propcrtir*  of  hia 
MIow-eabJoGta,^ — aincr  the  nholc  Icnor  of  hi*  conduct  r>-pob  the  beliif 
<if  tba  Irailorowa  intention  charged  by  the  inilictmrnl, — my  ia«k  b  Ho- 
ishcd.  I  afaall  moke  no  addrrsa  lo  your  pawioiu: — I  will  not  remind 
yxiu  uf  the  long  and  rigoroiu  impriMnment  be  li^  auAcrrd ; — I  will  not 
spvak  to  you  of  hia  grest  yotitb,  of  hia  UJuatiiaiM  birib,  and  of  hi*  nai> 
(uraily  animated  and  gcncroaa  teal  b  parliament  for  ibe  dftMtitniioa  vl 
ilia  country.    Sudt  loviei  niiglit  be  uaefnl  is  the  baluee  of  a  iloobUU 


bL 


num-i 


TNOUAS,  LOnO  BnSKINE. 


819 


raw :  jTt,  rrrn  tlim.  I  thoalil  have  Inittrd  to  ibr  bniuvt  hitnrt*  of 
Eiij;"*'"')^''  t<*  '"**<'  f*^''  l'»^<n  without  rxcilation.  At  prmMmt,  tbc  plain 
ami  rij;itl  riiln  of  j)i*ti«>  aikI  trull)  arv  •uflicirnt  to  entitle  me  In  your 
wnlkl."  A  sinKulor  paunge  l»  bv  fouixl  in  this  (pccch,  nay*  tbc  n^ 
virwti-  of  Enkinu's  speecbc*  in  the  I6tb  Tolumu  of  llic  '  ICiliiiburfch 
Ke*ie«,'  *■  kffordu  n  Krvat  contnut  to  the  calm  and  tntea  miltl  ton«  ol 
>U  p<Toralion.  It  is  iiidr«d,  an  far  a*  «r  know,  tli«  uuly  i[iiitauc«  of  tlitr 
kind  in  th«  bittory  of  iDodcra  (-lofiucnw;  anil  w«  might  justly  liavr 
<l<Mibt(r(l,  if  vTt^a  Mr  Enkin*'*  •kill,  and  well-known  dbemioD  at  a 
jiiiblic  iprakcr,  hnd  not  foTMihvR  him,  nnd  allowed  bis  beat  and  fincy 
lo  hurry  him  nomrwhnt  too  far,  hnd  ir«  not,  in  ths  traditional  account 
of  th<r  ptrriuct  *uc<:c-M  whicb  attended  ihia  pnatagr,  thf  mott  aDcqDiTocal 
rvtilrnce  in  hi*  far»iir.  AAcr  reciting  k  vftrioty  of  cirrunuuuiMv  in 
Lord  (iroTiti"'*  conduct,  and  quoting  thi!  UnciiiKi-  whioh  hi-  lunt.  the 
ontor  »inJd('tily.  abruptly,  and  violviiily  bn-akii  out  wiih  tlii(  r-xclamn- 
(ion — *  I  *ay.  by  Gud,  that  man  h  «  ruffisD>  who  *)>alli  after  thivi  p<re< 
Huine  to  build  upon  tueh  honnt,  srttdM  condac<<  aa  on  cvideoce  of 
fuili !'  Tlip  »enK*tion  produced  by  thne  word*,  and  by  Hi*  magic  of 
the  roice,  the  cyr,  ihc  fnce,  the  figviv,  and  all  vc  t^ll  the  Riwmcr,  villi 
vbicb  tbry  wcrf  iillprtsl.  ia  rflat<v(,  by  thov  pmml  on  thi>  ffrenl  oc- 
ra«i(Hi,  lo  have  been  quite  electriiul,  and  to  baWe  all  pnnrr  of  dcserip- 
tioTi.  Tbc  feeling  of  thr  nioment  nlune, — that  *ori  of  *yinpaihy  which 
subtnts  between  ati  obHi-rvaiit  ipeaker  and  hit  awlirace, — vbicli  eoni- 
niuiiicaiei  lo  bini,  U  he  );nea  on,  ihe-ir  feelinf^  under  what  he  ia  aayiiif-, 
— deciphers  the  laii^>ua^  of  their  looks, — and  even  teachea  hira,  vilh* 
out  regarding  ubat  he  »ees,  to  adapi  his  words  lo  the  stale  of  their 
miiMbi  by  merely  attending  lo  liii  own.  Tliii  inluilivc  and  momenlary 
impulM  could  alone  have  ]ni>a:)pipd  a  DiKhi.  which  it  alone  cokM  ms* 
laiti :  and,  a*  iii  failure  would  indeed  have  been  Cual,  to  tla  eminent 
Kucces*  must  be  alk>wed  to  rank  it  among  Ihc  most  feoioos  fMti  of 
ot«lory." 

In  1703  Mr  Brskine  received  a  silk  gown,  although  be  had  not  been 
at  the  bv  quite  flT«  years.  !■  the  tuii*  fttr  he  wa«  elected  tm-nibrr 
for  Portnwnlh,  (br  whldi  horoagli  be  wa*  nnanimoudy  re'ehmen  on 
every  ■necrf^ling  rleelion  until  he  nlitainert  n  *«*t  in  tbc  hoa*e  of  lordi. 
In  1781  he  moile  a  mart  able  defence  nf  the  dean  of  St  A*n>h  in  a 
Hiarfeoflibtfl,  and  afterward*  in  marine  fnr  a  new  trial.  But  hi*  moit 
erlebrvled  argumefil  on  the  law  of  IiIk:!  woii  that  dt'liri-ml  ia  Pereival 
Stockdale's  rn*r  in  1789.  Mr  Stoekdale,  a  buokteller  in  London,  ha<l 
jiubluhctl  n  |kaniphlrt  >  ritten  by  Mr  Logan,  a  clergyman  of  ihe  church 
of  Srotlaml,  in  defence  of  Wnrren  HMlJng*,  in  iho  coone  of  whirh  be 
had  ventured  10  aoimadrrrt  verj-  unguifdodly  on  Ihe  eonduct  of  tbn 
mana^ra  of  tbc  impeacbment  then  carnring  on  nKsinsl  tbc  ex-governof 
ot  India.  The  managera  complotacd  of  ibii,  and  ibe  publMiet  waa 
Ined  oa  m  hiAmiuition  tiled  by  the  attonry •general.  The  faet  of  pnb- 
lienliot)  waa  adniilted,  and  Mr  Erskine  then  (tvll^^ml  what  hU  bdia- 
Inir^h  erSlie  hna  pronoaoced  to  be  "the  Bnest  of  all  hia  oraiioo*. — 
witi'lher  we  regard  the  wooderhl  skill  with  which  Ihe  Drgumenl  i>  tno* 
ducted, — the  iQUiKlneM  of  Ihe  principlr*  laid  'lawn,  am)  their  hapfiy 
appltraiion  to  Ihe  ease.— or  Ibe  nqutnie  fancy  witb  whieb  ihey  arn 
*llib«lli*hi^t  and  illuslraled, — and  the  pOHetful  ami  touching  l(ii|;uaE0 
in  whIeb  they  arv  convey  rd.     It  bjustly  regarded,  by  all  Englith  law- 


. 


320  POLITICAt  •KatBS. 

yen^  u  >  conminmatc  fpevimm  uT  tbr  arl  of  ailiJreMillg  ft j*»7  ' — <u 
lUndan],  awrloTjirecHlcnt  Tor  trfiaiiig»it»ot'libeii  byktcpiug  wliicli 
in  hi*  cjr*,  a  nUD  niaj:  liu|>e  to  »ucce<^  in  Kprcinl  pleading  hU  ciieot* 
COM  williin  it*  priuctptet  wIk>  U  d««(ilule  of  tlM>  talent  rTt|iiirciJ  creu  tu 
ouanprehcixl  tlie  other  and  higher  merit*  or  lii*  oilgmul.  It;  ihoae 
raeritt.  it  b  recommeDded  to  lovcre  or  pure  <lictian, — of  c«tiioa«  aati 
ttuimtied  description, — ot  livclf,  pictunwjiM,  ami  fanciful  illuitraiiou. 
—or  all  ikal  G»u>litutr>,  if  nc  may  lo  (prak,  tbc  poetry  of  c!iK|urncv, 
— all  for  which  wc  admire  it,  when  prcvcntisl  fruni  ctijuyiui;  its  iiiu«ic 
and  it*  Kiniiiary.  Wc  diall  renture  to  rvmiiimi!nd  this  «x<(iit*iu- 
«pi-etinm  of  Mr  Eis)uu«'»  powcni  by  extending  a  few  pOMagM  aIdumi 
at  random. 

"He  thu*  introduces  hi*  aadiCMCe  to  a  Uriking  view  of  the  grmnd 
Inti  Ju  Wettaiiutkr  Hall, — oot  li>r  the  nk«  of  making  fln«  »eoteitct»> 
or  t>r  adorning  his  apeeob  with  a  beautiful  dctcription, — for  lli«  »peeclm 
of  tilt*  great  adTocalo  may  be  aMrchcd  through  tiy  the  laoal  rrafty 
sprcial  pleader,  from  beginning  to  end,  and  no  oo«  in«laoee  of  Buch 
u$rJeM  oniaaiont  will  bo  foand, — but  for  the  *olid  and  impuftant  pur- 

Etne  of  iaCemling  hi*  hi-aren  is  the  cituatiMi  of  Air  Hu«iings.  «q(1  of 
i*  defsiider  tbc  author  of  tlit.-  jiaiuplilrt, — of  leatliug  llic  mind  lo  view 
till!  priaoner  a>  an  upprcMcd  man,  «riTwh<.-liuvd  by  ihc  weight  of  por- 
UtmnUry  rcKatnent,  and  n-ady  to  be  cruflied,  in  ibe  fact  of  tW 
WMotry,  by  Um!  very  fornu  and  ioivuinilit-*  of  hi»  Irisl, — of  iatinuaiioi; 
that  the  jnniphlel  only  veDlur««  to  njr  •oai«tbuig  in  defence  of  tbii 
unhappy  person, — and  that,   in  lucb  an  unrqual  contasl,  an  Engluli 
jury  may  ucll  piru*e  a  little  iotemprrance  in  tbc  language  of  *ucli  a 
gCiicnKU  sod  oJinoM  hoix-lcM  dcfvncr-     '  Ctnilcmm,  before  1  vcDltir^ 
to  lay  the  book  bcbr*  you,  it  biuk  be  yet  rurtbcr  remeinbeTed  (tar  tlM 
fact  in  r«|iially  ootortou*),  that)  iiniUr  ihrie  inautpiciou*  circnnalBDccVt 
the  trial  of  .\Ir  ilaitiiigt  at  ihc  bar  of  ibr  kird»  bod  actually  comaiaiocd 
long  bt-lbrr  ii*  publtcalion.     There,  llir  nio>t  anguU  and  *liiking  >pea- 
tacle  wat  daily  vxhibilcd  which  the  world  ever  witnoied.     A  nM  itij^ri 
of  juitJce  va*  sreclcd,  anful  from  it*  high  authority,  splendid  frosi  ll 
(lluMrioHt  dignity  I  roncrable  from  the  learning  and  viMlcmof  ibjudga 
captiTating  and  aSeellng  from  the  loif^ty  concuune  of  all  ranka  a 
oondilioiM  wbkh  doily  docked  to  it,  a*  into  a  theatre  of  pleftMUvi 
ikrrv,  when  the  whob-  public  mind  wu*  at  once  airrti  and  lofieiKd 
tbc  iMpmaioB  of  every  human  affifclion,  then  appeared,  day  after  day,] 
one  alter  onotber,  mcD  of  the  most  [luwrrful  and  vxaltod  talvota,  ectip<< 
utg  by  Uieir  acc«i*ing  cIo({ucnoi-  ibe  incsl  twoited  harangaM  of  aatj- 
<|uity, — totving  Uie  prido  of  lutMual  rcaculnient  by  the  bMde»l  intee- 
livt*  agaiful  broken  faith  «i>d  violated  lr«atiea,^^i)d  tbaking  the  Uwom  I 
with  alternate  pily  and  liorrar  by  llie  nu»t  glowing  pieinrea  of  iotulK-dJ 
uatuiT  and  humanity  ;-~«ver  animaicd  and  coi^rgi  tic,  from  the  love  <i4 
rame,  wliidi  ia  tke  iaheNBt  poMion  of  gTiiim; — Hrm  and  indtT< 
frura  •  ■troog  prepoaaoHion  of  (hr  juitioe  of  lliiir  eauM-.     (>  . 
when  the  author  sat  down  to  write  the  book  now  bcfiirv  you.  uil  lix^*  , 
terrible,  unct'u«iug,  eibauatlcM  artillery  of  warm  ml,  niatehh-n  ii|(atir 
•ll  UDdetvtauding,  conauniDg  aitd  derouriui:  iloquenvc,  ui'iicd  witli  t1>i> 
UIgbwt  dignity,  waa  dvir,  aad  witlxwit  prmpid  of  conclu>ii>n,  puarin^ 
fortli  upon  one  private  unprotected  man.  wh'i  ua*  bound  lu  bear  it.  t 
the  Ikve  of  tbt  wbola  peopU  of  England,  uith  KiirtDiiol  f«bfui*M« 


rtalob.) 


TKOUAS.  LOaO  KKSKIVR. 


321 


and  •ilroce. — I  do  uM  lumpluiD  of  tki«  a*  I  'li'l  of  the  pMUiestioo  of 
ihr  rharffcs.  Iieoanae  it  it  «)iai  tite  law  alioved  aad  Mnctnaed  in  tlx! 
etforte  of  n  public  trial :  but  vIm>ii  It  la  r«iu«ffllxTr<]  that  ire  an  not 
nngjcrU,  but  w««k  ralliUe  nwn,  MitA  th«t  tvea  tlui  noble  jaHgM  of  that 
hi|;h  tribuiiul  aie  oloilwd  booMlh  tboir  •fsuDC*  with  ilie  common  in- 
finniiiiW  of  mui's  nature,  it  will  bring  us  all  to  n  pn>per  tetajn-.r  for  con- 
•iderinfT  tlw  book  it»rlf,  irhicb  will  in  a  few  niomcnU  be  laid  before  yoa. 
B«l  firai,  let  me  ODce  more  rc-muMl  you,  tliat  it  waa  uiid«t-  all  tbeM  cii^ 
cunwhiiicM,  anil  nmidit  the  bUie  of  passion  and  prfjadiw.  which  tlie 
•crni;  I  have  brca  mtlcavouriiiK  fainll}'  to  dMcrilM  10  you  might  be  up- 
poseil  IlKrly  to  produce,  llial  ibe  aotfaori  «bo*o  name  I  will  now  gi*e  to 
you,  nut  down  to  compote  I  be  booL  whicb  i*prn«ocuicd  to-day  at  n  libel.' 

"  He  now  brings  the  uilbor  mot*  immediaccly  birore  thr  audience, 
thus  skilfidly  prepared  to  giv*  him  a  favoarablc  rrc-plion ;  and  lie  pro- 
ceeds to  put  to  tbrni  at  onoo  IIm  ehitf  question  they  bnrn  to  drcide,— 
but  in  a  Mriking  shapr ;  '  Hv  felt  ibr  llie  Htuation  of  a  rrllow-cliiMD, 
eipo«(d  to  B  trial  which,  whether  right  or  wrangi  i»  unduubtcclly  a 
RRvrni  one ; — a  trial,  certauily  imI  coiiffned  to  a  few  crimioal  Beta  like 
thoM  we  are  aecuitonKil  to,  but  comprelieDdiog  tbo  traitMCtioBs  of  a 
whole  life,  and  tlie  complicaied  pollclM  of  nunicrouii  and  distant  nalioos; 
-•«  trial,  which  liad  Dcitbcr  visible  limit*  to  its  dorntion,  bounds  to  it* 
e^pMHe>  nor  circumscrilxHl  oompaaa  for  ihc  gra*p  of  memory  or  under- 
MudiBg: — a  trial,  which  had  thcreliire  broke  loose  from  the  common 
form  of  decision,  and  hod  become  the  uDivenal  topic  of  discunion  in 
IhiT  world,  suprr»cdinfc  not  only  ci'ery  other  grave  punuit,  but  cn-ry 
lubiouablc  di«ipalion.  Gnitleoien,  the  quMtioo  yon  bavs  Iherefcrc 
to  ity  upon  alt  thi4  nutter  is  (sttvmrly  simpldi. — It  is  n»ilker  non  Mr 
lew  than  this. — At  a  time  when  Uu  eb«i^^  against  Mr  HJUtingi  wcre^ 
by  the  implied  content  of  the  coramoits,  in  every  hand,  and  on  every 
(aUe  )—vihett,  by  llidr  managofs,  the  lightning  ti  rtoquencc  was  toc«t- 
wully  eomaming  him,  and  flashing  in  tlio  eyes  of  the  public ;— when 
eveiy  man  was  witb  perfect  impunity  saying,  uid  writtng,  aad  publish- 
ing just  what  be  pleased  of  (lie  suppoted  plnndemr  and  dovmstator  i^ 
natioDs— would  tt  have  been  criminal  in  Mr  Hutinf,-*  himself  to  bnvo 
rmuded  lli«  public  that  h«  was  a  native  of  this  free  land,  entitled  to 
tim  flPMBKn  pnMecllon  of  her  Justice,  and  ihu  be  had  a  defence  in  his 
lura  to  offer  to  them,  the  outtion  of  which  he  implored  Ibcm  in  the 
nM-ui  lime  to  receive,  as  an  uilldou  lo  Ike  unlimitisl  and  unpunished 
poison  in  circulation  against  him  ? — This  ■*,  without  colour  or  exagger- 
ation, the  tnie  question  you  nrr  to  decide.  Dwause  1  assert,  without 
the  basard  of  oMUidiction.  that  if  Mr  llauings  himaelf  oowld  bate 
stood  jostifled  orexnued  in  youn-vfn  for  publbliiog  this  volume  in  liis 
own  defence,  the  author,  if  be  wrote  it  l>onn  fiilo  to  dcland  hJm,  noM 
stand  equally  excused  and  jusliSod  :  and  if  the  aoihor  be  justieed,  ilia 
publtawr  aimot  be  cnminal,  nnlcu  you  hsil  rvidnica  that  it  wa*  pub- 
Ibbed  by  bim  witb  a  different  spirit  and  intention  Irom  lbo>e  in  wbkb 
it  was  writien.  The  qiiestian  tberefore  b  correctly  what  1  just  now 
itat«d  it  to  be:  coold  Mr  Hastings  have  been  condemned  to  infamy  fee 
writing  this  book  7  Gentlemen.  1  tremble  witb  indignation  to  be 
driven  to  put  such  a  quetlit>n  in  England.  Shall  it  be  endured,  that  a 
■ubjcel  of  this  country  (iosiead  of  btiag  MTWgMd  and  tried  for  >obi« 
aiagl*  act  in  l»er  ordiitary  courts,  where  the  accuiatioD,  as  sooa  at  leut 

VII.  2 1 


rOLITICAL  tIKIKI, 


pll 


BMI 


as  it  i*  moide  public,  t*  Mluwi-il  vitliin  a  (cw  houn  br  llir  d«eisiaB) 
may  be  Impeacbrd  bj  the  commoDa  for  iii«-  iraniactiiMis  uf  isrniy  jTMn^ 
— tbU  tfae  aeciHatioD  «Im1I  <prriiid  m  vide  u  the  n-Kioo  uf  Iritm, — tbat 
the  aeeiMed  akall  tlAoi,  day  after  day,  and  jear  afier  yrar,  a«  a  tp«e 
Uele  b«Ibr«  lb*  public,  wbicli  *hall  b«  kept  io  a  perpeiual  *tale  of  ta- 
Oailimatloa  agsiut  bim ;  yrt  tliat  ha  aball  do«,  witfaout  ibe  aeverv^t 
peiMlti«a,  be  pmniUcd  Uxabmit  any  thing  lo  the  judgniMit  of  mankind 
in  hit  defimco?  If  thb  be  U»  (nbich  it  it  Tor  you  to-day  to  decide}, 
■uch  a  man  ho*  no  trial :  that  grrU  ball,  built  by  oar  Talliera  tor  Eag* 
iiah  jii*ti«o,  b  no  loiix<^r  a  court,  bat  An  altar ; — and  an  Engliahmian, 
iMlMd  of  btiog  judgtMt  in  it  by  God  and  hi*  country,  i«  a  victim  atxl 
a  ^artifice.'  " 

In  1793  ba  anpported  Gn^'a  motioD  for  rafom  in  parlumcnt. 
the  •am*  y?ar  bp  uiMlertook  the  dcfcoc*  of  Tbomaa  Paine,  ibe  au 
of  Ibe  '  Rights  of  Man,'  agaioat  a  charge  of  lib*),  and  wa«  in  ooose* 
(]ueiice  deprived  of  hit  nffico  of  nttomey'^Dcral  to  the  prince  of  WalM^ 
who,  hovevrr,  rrstorril  him  to  tbi*  office  in  1802,  anil  revived,  Jn  bi* 
fiivoar,  a  lons-donnant  office,  that  of  bia  chancellor.  In  1794  he  ex- 
ertrd  hiiDHtlfprodigiouily  and  trilh  proportionnte  •ucc«»*  in  the  defeocA 
of  the  varioo*  partiea  iodicii-d  in  Ibe  course  of  that  yrar  of  b^h  n-efljou. 
*  Th^n  it  «at  that  bis  cunsuttimalc  taU-nts  ihoDC  in  their  full  liutr^. 
Hi*  inikRiiigablfl  patitrncc- — bia  vtemal  walcbfulnew — bi*  unceABBg 
labour  of  body  and  of  raind — the  ■treiigth  of  u[i  Herculean  constitulMa 
—bis  untamcable  ■piiit-~a  subtlety  which  the  niereit  pleader  taigbt 
envy — a  quickncM  of  intdleet  which  made  up  for  the  boit  he  »us  op- 
poted  to : — these  were  the  great  powers  of  the  man ;  and  the  woudcrfol 
eloqiience  of  hin  «pe«ch«  li  only  (o  be  ipokcn  cf  ts  second  to  Iheac. 
Amidst  all  the  stmgglea  of  the  coMtttution,  in  parliament,  in  Ibe  cono- 
CJl,  and  in  tbc  field,— there  it  no  one  man,  crrtainly,  to  wboM  individual 
exertions  it  owes  so  mucb,  as  to  this  celebrated  advocftte;  and  if  ever  a 
alngle  patriot  aavcd  his  coantry  from  the  horrors  of  a  proscription, 
roan  did  thii  deed  for  us,  in  sirmming  the  tide  of  state  prosecutions.' 

It  is  somewbai  rnnnrkablr  tlial  this  cotisumniaie  and  anmatc 
pleader  at  the  bar  of  courts  of  juitice  proved  hiniwir  but  a  seeood 
orator  la  the  boMoa  of  pariiaiDent.  On  the  death  of  Pitt,  Mr  Enkioa 
waa  rvsed  to  the  ehaDOdlorililp,  htTiag  been  previously  ert:aled  a  baron 
by  the  title  of  Lord  EnUne  of  RcMonnel  caKla  in  C<m)«all ;  be  exer> 
cisrd  his  high  protcMlonnlftiMtioMOiiljrdttriaglliebritf  admiautruloa 
of  Lord  (irvnTille.  and  hja  public  life  may  be  aaid  to  have  cloaed  vltk 
hi*  n-tirenient  from  the  woolaoek. 

A  few  desultory  spei^chM.  nod  the  publication  of  a  few  pamplilHs  OO 
passing  topic*,  constrtuied  ilie  amuiint  of  the  ex -chancellor's  eaertiona 
after  thi«  period.  Hia  eloaing  years  were  alim  shaded  by  a  doBHrtic 
ai*«idli>jice.     Lord  Erskine  dwd  on  the  17th  of  NoTetnbcr,  ISSS. 


€ttavlt9  <@rant. 

•oait  s.  »■  1740.— oti»  ••  o.  189a. 

Iv  high  lalcnia.  Cbristiau  worth,  and  the  truest  patriotism,  entitle 
MtiM  to  MMBmeatonUon,  that  of  ChariM  Grant  will  long  mainlaiti 


-^ 


PlHIOUh] 


CIIAHLBt  OmAMT. 


sn 


high  place  ill  the  MdmaHtn  o(  lh«  public.  ThU  ilintin^ifhf*!  tPn4lor 
wiu  «  oUirt:  o(  Soodtad.  Hb  bibrr  fril  in  tbi-  bttlle  of  Ciilloiirn,  • 
lew  lioun  aft«r  ihe  bjrth  oT  lliia  ton.  By  hi»  undc  lii*  pdncatinii  «u 
kt[iMi  lit  ended,  toA  hr  obiaiiusi  iur  bini  a  roiliury  appotnimcnt  ip  Imlio, 
wliitbcr  h«  pTOOMrded  in  1767.  lo  177:1  he  obuiii«<I  ■  writcrsliip  oa 
ihr  Bcngml  nlibluhinixit.  and  iu  the  rcillowiii)>  j^eiir  was  appMnted  m- 
aetary  to  Ibc  IJonrd  of  Trade  M  Calculla,  In  1784  he  oblained  th* 
nnk  of  iniior  merchant,  and  iu  1787  was  appointed  bjr  Lord  Cora- 
wallis  B  rarmbrr  of  tbi'  Board  of  Trade. 

Aft«T  a  roidcnoe  iu  India  of  aliogrtJi«r  maiiy  twenty  jean,  be  re- 
turii«d  (o  Eoi^Und  iii  tbe  year  179Q,  nnd  mod  aft^r  drew  up  iiis  ■  Ob- 
wrvaiiniiB  on  tbi'  Stalv  of  »ociely  among  the  .^lintic  lubjvcls  of  Great 
BritiUQ  witli  rrtpect  to  Moral*,  ami  on  thi-  Mr40«  of  iiuproviiig  it.' 
Tbis  prodoetioii  wai  for  eone  jreari  only  dreulated  in  prtrate  i  but  in 
1813  it  waa  ordeml  to  bo  printed  for  Ifae  i»eof  tbe  liouM-of  coiuniou*, 
and  proved  of  vminvnt  tervioc  in  effirctint;  an  autelioralion  oo  the  tjUKa 
and  lone  ot  our  lodtao  policy.  In  1794  be  wa»  elected  a  director  of 
tbe  Eau  India  cooipniiy.  Iu  1604  lie  ws*  elected  dcputy-chainnao  oT 
tbe  court  of  dirvcton.  While  in  thLt  ftitnotion  lie  did  not  heittaie  to 
reprobate  Lord  Welledey'a  Indita  pMey,  ud  HoppArtL-d  ilir  moiioa  of 
Sh  PhDlp  Fnuiei>>  "tbU  to  pursat  f^emM  of  cnnqimi  and  cxtcniion 
of  dowlakiB  in  India  arc  mruure*  repugnant  to  the  with,  ibr  honour, 
and  lb«  policy  of  Ilritaio.'  In  1B08  he  icalou«Iy  nppuicd  thi.-  niriuarc 
for  depoiing  tiic  tmbobi  of  tb<!  Caraalie,  drclarinc  it  to  be  his  decided 
opinion  *'  tlut  not  only  was  there  nothing  like  li-);nl  erideiicc  of  the 
offencea  inpatcd  to  the  nabulx,  but  even  no  nuch  pre«uniption  a*  an 
iMlividtial  or  A  oUion  cauid  act  upon  with  any  rtgutl  ttjutticfi.' 

On  the  paating  of  tbe  Charter  act  in  July.  1813,  Mr  (irant  obtained 
tbe  iniroduriioD  of  rariou«  proviaionR  for  tbe  *upply  of  India  nilh  lli« 
intliiutioni  of  (Christianity  and  elrmcnlary  icIiooU, — object*  which  had 
hHlierto  been  almost  enlirrly  OTerlooked,  and  whicb,  but  for  hi*  ncr* 
lioa*,  would  probably  ha*e  remained  so  fur  many  yean,  lo  1819  .\Ir 
Grant  retired  frotn  public  lifo,  after  bavio];  Mt  for  about  H-veiileen  ycari 
b  tbe  hoiuo  of  eomtnont,  duriii);  flfteeii  of  »h!ch  he  repreaented  111* 
eeunly  of  Inrrefwa.  No  own,  periiapa>  ever  etijuyed  norc  of  the  m- 
Ic^m  and  ceDfldtBeo  of  all  p*ni(a  thanCIiBrieaOrwit.  In  the  rcliglova 
world  alao  lib  naina  alood  irry  bteli.  lie  wa^  an  actiie.  liberal,  and 
loteUigmt  aitppnnar  of  M  iMlonary,  Diblr,  and  Kducaiional  •ocietiro ;  and 
readily  lent  hia  aerviM*  and  iodnence  lo  the  promotion  of  their  olyects. 

Hit  death  took  place  on  llw  Slat  of  OctoVr.  IA28.  Mr  Daoiil 
Wiboo,  now  liitbop  of  Calratta.  thua  depicted  Mr  Qruut'a  ebaracter  in 
n  MTOon  vhich  he  prt«cbed  on  tbe  oeoMiun  of  bia  death :  "  Thii  dia- 
tinguidicd  prrMHi,  in  point  of  natural  eiidowmentis  <•-■*  highly  gifted. 
He  bad  a  rigomat  undcniDiiding,  a  clear  and  aound  juilgmrnt,  a  Mgt- 
oity  and  penetration,  pariieulnrly  in  tliedii>errnmmt  of  character,  which 
were  telilom  deceived  or  rludrd,  a  singular  foruliy  of  patient,  impartial, 
and  cc(iii>n:hmstve  iuvcatigMien,  an  activity  of  spirit,  and  a  power  ol 
eonlinued  aiKl  pervtvering  application,  which  drtKruItiei  could  not  damp, 
nor  jabonr  eXUMlM.  These  qaalitits.  unileil  with  quick  •entibilily  qI 
liwiiog,  deliMo^  of  aeotimcfit,  and  a  atrong  senw  of  moral  rectitude, 
eOMtiluted,  even  indcpeikdrnlly  of  religion,  that  which  t*  penervHy  tin- 
dentsod  liy  tba  leitn  grttUCM  of  character.     It  w**  not,  however,  tb* 


aM 


IL  MRtKS. 


I 


posMwion.  but  the  dircciioii  and  lli«  improvepifnt  oTUiCm  endoiranal* 
and  qitalifIca(ioR» ;  it  wa*  llie  uw  irhiGh  h«  mode  of  lib  poircTB  and 
bculLi«s;  it  was  (he  tJnct^rv  and  tii>ii««t  dedMUion  of  evetj  Itlrnf  umI 
actiuiretnent  lo  thp  tcrric  niHl  gioiy  of  God,  vliich  coDXitvtcd  Dim,  ta 
Uie  proper  irnw  of  the  Irim.  a  I'hriitiaD.  Hi;  ilid  not,  indeed.  Irmnt 
tfai*  leMou  rasilT,  ur  at  small  cost  At  u>  catij-  irngc  of  bb  ladiaa 
wraCTt  il  plrajcu  God  to  vikit  biiu  nilb  a  •ucc«»ion  of  spvcr*  domcatle 
affliction*,  jiaiiifull}'  illustntlivc  of  Uk-  fanily  of  batnan  liopw,  tbe  ftt' 
enrioiuiicw  of  i-artlily  iiijojiiiiiiiU,  uiid  tliv  awful  nrarnvn  of  the  Ihingl 
wbich  arc  uimt^tru  aiul  eteino].  He  was  m  circuiimianccs  very  uabvour- 
ablH  to  r«ligiou8  inairui-iioo  and  iinprovtroietii :  lieatbvnisai  and  &!•« 
religion  prevailing  all  around  ;  the  partial  inietmiaturtT  of  Cbrivtianity 
which  exisled,  poMMaing  liitlc  of  that  divin«  religion  beyond  tli«  name; 
bis  aitualion  ill  allotting  of  arcliuion  from  worldly  occupatiou  utd  ao- 
cic^.  Y«t  thai  M-aaon  of  hcavj-  calamitjr  w«*  bl»sed  lo  hii  mtad.  k 
led  hint  to  tbr  only  true  source  of  felicity.  Ho  dcriTrd,  od  this  octia 
•ion,  oiiicb  uocful  ■piritual  counael  from  a  fricnil,  who  afirrwanl*  tMcaa* 
bis  near  coDocctioo,  and  wbo  was  binuflf  tlic  tncod  aiul  di»cip1o  of  tfaa 
Cclrbratcd  missionary  Subwarti.  Thus,  in  a  soil  prepared  by  the  tttcaiw 
of  grief  and  trouble,  it  pleaded  God  that  the  ;;ooU  seed  sboald  be  aows: 
it  «aa  Bubacquenlly  cherishi^d  amidst  ilie  sileaee  end  cumparaliTe  soli- 
tude of  oiwi  of  tlie  remoter  ataiions  iu  our  lodiao  doiniuioa*:  and  it 
produ4»r(l  blesstd  fruit  to  the  praise  and  glory  of  God.  Tbe  deep  per- 
sHasioii  of  (lie  importance  of  rtligion  which  now  poeaeascd  ilaclf  of  hi* 
whole  soul,  did  not  slacken  his  aitentino  to  hi*  proper  duticsk  On  tlw 
ooutrary,  he  laboured,  if  poMiblp,  only  the  inoeo  libuiKlantly.  A  new 
principle  of  action  governed  hita;  t  profound  and  abiding  true  of  hj* 
obligation  oa  u  Cliri»tiuii :  a  gralcfut  and  affecting  reni«rulifsnc«  of  the 
iBcrciea  of  God  in  Jc«ii*  Christ;  a  solemn  and  exciting  atiticipation  of 
the  awful  account  which  he  must  one  day  giveoflli*  talcals  comntiiwd 
to  bis  diarge.  He  now  sougbt  to  pleaae,  not  men,  but  God,  the  jiu%a 
of  all.  L«1  it  not.  however,  be  Ijioagbt  that  tliefc.  hit  good  d««d% 
foniMHl,  In  any  degree,  llie  ground  of  hia  bope*  before  God.  Hia  r»- 
liaace  wu  on  tbc  mctitoriuus  crota  and  the  mediation  of  Christ.  It 
waa.  indeed,  a  remariable  leature  of  bio  character,  tbrough  bis  wboU 
tlfc,  tfaalf  while  no  roan  entertained  a  alrongor  sense  of  the  obligUioa 
of  doty  as  tticlii  or  more  ouiduously  slrovo  to  diicbarg«  with  fidelity 
ibe  tmals  rcpotnl  in  biro;  none  ever  avoidod  more  oar«fully  (be  ascrip* 
lion  of  merit  to  bis  own  good  works,  or  watcbod  witb  more  jvalMMy 
agkiaat  the  delusions  of  that  x'lt-rightcousiicu  (o  which  the  hiu&mo 
beart  is  so  lamentably  prone,  and  which  is  apt  to  minslc  with,  and  tar- 
nub,  even  lh«  grace*  of  tbc  ia<M  confirmed  Chrittiou. ' 

36ottiarli.  <^rl  oC  Carlislr. 

aoaa  &.&.  I74B.— OUB  s.s.  I6SA 

FaeDiHicx  Howard,  Earl  of  Carlitle,  Vitcount  Howard  vf  nof^ 
prib,  Duron  Docre*,  ali-i  a  kaiglil  of  tbe  Garter,  was  bom  .NIny  26th, 
1748.  As  be  wat  inteniled  (or  public  life,  bis  lortlibip  was  M-ut  eaHy 
to  ICtoD  oolb'ge,  where  he  was  tUe  conttiuponuy  of  llarr,  wltusu  raoMt 


rMLiat>.] 


nOWARD,  BAKL  OF  CARLISLI. 


S25 


were  appvDilcd  to  tlir  «clioi>1-roon>  on  account  of  their  cxcctlvDOc  i  of 
Fox  11  bom  be  wo*  fnicd  to  Bilmirc  *  crc  j'ct  id  nuahood't  bloon,'  and 
to  dilTvr  (totn  at  a  ripvt  u>,'(! ;  utid  of  ibe  dulte  of  Luinatcr,  with  wbom 
he  Viet  lived  iu  babili  of  familiarity. 

On  tlte  expintioo  of  hia  ininoriljr.  «ad  alW  baring  vlaited  lli«  con- 
tinent, tiM  esrl  of  C*rliale  rrtumed  to  England.  wm1>  hii  blber  being 
dnul,  took  bi>  teat  in  tJie  hoiwe  of  |>Mri  in  1769.  Mr  Foi  and  lli« 
cttfl  were  at  tbii  jierind  connidered  u  two  of  the  bc«t-drVMcd  a)«D  of 
tbrir  Iinit9 1  "  Tkc  Utter,"  lays  >  vrilcr  of  contemporary  dale,  "  ■* 
atUI  liqgularly  neat  ami  appropriate  in  bi«  appeanuicci  but  whocTer 
aKrvajs  kii  pmect  uwrning's  attirv.  conjiialing  of  a  plain  drab  or 
mized-ooloured  coat,  with  biti  Lontmau's  boob  and  round  hat— for 
t)ie  dnk«  of  GraAon  alone  reUins  the  trianguUr  oa&— or  bebolda  hb 
old  mcIiooI-ClHow,  Cbarle*>  with  his  honest  thining  countenance,  tin- 
powdcred,  '  unanoioled,  unsnocakd.'  irill  be  apt  (o  doubt  that  ibcy 
wn:  at  one  period  the  Cutur  anil  I'oilux  nf  the  gny  world,  and  «n> 
deavourvd  long,  but  iueAH'tuulIyi  to  introduce  tbc  foreign  foppery  of 
red-h«eU !"' 

DoriDg  the  tranMciioiw  connected  with  the  Americaa  molulios,  tli« 
(«rl  of  Ciuliklr,  ulio  now  began  to  dlatiagnUi  hiiiMelf  by  bin  tpcccbea 
in  tbc  houir  of  peer*,  va*  nominated  truwrer  of  ihe  botutehold  in  1777: 
and  when  it  w»  found  that  mramrM  of  eorrcion  had  become  unpro- 
duvuv«  of  cuncewton,  and  a  iliAcrcnt  phn  nu  at  Irngth  recurred  to, 
this  Doblemao  was  selfctcd,  on  account  of  hi»  ockDOwLrdgfNl  inoder«iion> 
U>  act  a  coupicuoiu  pttrt  during  ihc  illaputes  between  tbc  nMlber^oOan- 
try  an<l  tlw  tDfargenl  eoloouts.  Iu  177U,  tlie  humc  having  foiled  u 
negotiilon.*  the  eoil  of  CvliiJo  njtairvil  to  America  in  tiic  character 
ofoneof  hit  uiajvity'a  cunimiMiunrr*,  for  the  purpoMof  rtstOfing  peace. 
Ho  WM  accoinponird  upuQ  ihii  occasion  by  Governor  Johnatrae,  and 
alM  by  Mr  Eden,  afterward*  Lord  Auckland.  The  joint  dforu  of  ibcM 
■cw  oommiMionera  were  aoattended  with  auoceM;  but  it  is  ackoow- 
t«|g«d  by  all  lliat  tba  nobleman  at  tlte  head  of  ihin  embowy  eseeutrd 
Ibe  office  iotraMnI  to  hk  care  in  a  maonor  that  redounded  greatly  lo 
bia  bonoar. 

SooB  after  Uieir  retnn,  in  1760,  the  varl  of  CarlUe,  who  bqd  been 
aominatcd  tord'tieuteoant  of  ifae  Ea»t  Ridiog  of  Yorkabire,  wai  ap- 
poistad  viceroy  of  Ireland :  on  llii*  occaaion  be  waa  accompanied  by 
hi*  Ericod  Mr  Eden,  wbo,  tn  the  capacity  of  aeerttary,  tnaoaged  tbc 
inlcmta  of  England  in  the  parliomrnt  of  the  aUter-kingdom.  "  Tbo 
period  at  which  hia  lordibip  «a*  called  upoo  to  preaide  otrt  the  aAiia 
of  that  oaiiou  waa  peculiarly  anluona  and  criticoL  TIm>  admiiiialntion 
of  Lord  North  lind  become  odioua;  and  while  America  bad  boldly 
thrown  off  ber  alU-ginnoc,  other  portiona  of  the  empire  eiinced  a  marknl 
diaindination  lo  hia  adminiitratioa.  Ireland  liaviog  bet'n  drained  of  all 
tbe  Tctcran  troopa  for  lb*  ptupoae  of  carrying  on  a  hopdoaa  Mtnbat  on 
tbe  IranaaiUniic  rontioeni,  the  inhabitanta  had  aatociatcd  for  tbetr  own 
■lefcnoe  and  protection,  ai>d  an  army  of  volnnlerra,  beaded  by  the  narl 
of  CbarleoMali  and  officered  by  gentlemen  of  Urge  fortunea,  wo*  in 
complete  poaaeaaion  of  the  country-.     The  aitnation  of  a  viceroy  urn. 


•  •  foVUt  <V)rwi«n  of  ISOm«.' 


326 


WITICAL  MRIM. 


I 


thcrelbre,  cxlfcmdy  ilvUcaU :  more  •tpecially  t»  a  formidabto  sad ' 
ctvMKag  pari}'  in  opposition  tended  not  a  little  10  ctnlMrraM  thox   !•■ 
tnistcd  will]  the  guvcrnnieDt,  and  obliged  itiem  at  timn  to  dnviate  ftvH 
that  coDnc  nhich  had  bf^ii  chnlkcd  nut  for  their  cimdDCI,      Vet,  aoC- 
willntanding   thcM  ndrcfM  circiim«tnnM!i,   the  ndiniiiiiUatioa   of   iW 
noblcmoii  iii  quntion  wiu  ocxorapanitKl  will)  many  ctrcutnMance*  eat*) 
culatnd  to  conciliate  Eivout,  and  nivliorati!  the  condition  of  ao  untuippv' 
})copIe.     It  wn»  durinf;  liis  lordalirp's  admintairatloD  that  a  natioD«l  ImbK 
WBi  otabllsbed,  and  many  excellent  plans  formed,  and  bill*  pawed,  ibi 
IncreanlDg  the  trade  of  a  portion  of  the  empire  vhJch  bad  not  hrtberto, 
perhaps,  enjoyed  all  the  privilegci  and  imtnuoitiea  to  ahlr-h  it  waa  m> 
jatHy  entitled."'     In  I7A2,  ut  n  period  when  th«  rail  «a*  ncgoti^titig ' 
th«  rcpral  of  *o  much  of  the  utatutc  nf  G<!Oi^  1.,  a  suddm  chango   io ' 
tiw.  British  cabinet  ended  tbc  vice-rcgoJ  goTomment  of  Lord  Carlul*  m\ 
Ireland.  1 

During  tbc  diiputrs  that  look  place  r«1atire  to  tbc  regeoey,  in  eon- 1 
sequi-uce  uf  thi-  si-vvrt  illness  irilli  which  bb  mojefty  vai  at  tliii  timr  ' 
afflicted.  Lord  Carbult!  look  an  active  purt  In  favour  of  tbe  claims  ofj 
lb*  beir-apparciil.  "  It  waa  his  lordship's  opintoo,  that,  as  a  deficjencj 
in  one  brunch  of  the  legi^Uiure  had  been  prored,  itwu  MCiMdieot  ibat 
thin  deficiency  thould  be  supplied ;  and  the  circinnnaiiCM  of  tbe  prvarat 
tinuM  wer4!  fully  sufficirnt  to  direct  the  wisdom  of  parliament  hotr  thu 
wn*  to  be  done,  o-ithoot  having  recouru'  to  times  diMimilor  In  sll  cjr- 
cumriance*.  lie  deprrcaled  the  idea  of  Mjucfaing  for  pn-cvdrnta  lo 
inflocncc  their  proceedi!);,'^ ;  and  as  tu  tbe  'pkanton  of  rit;ht,*  whieb 
had  bMD  ao  naeh  eo[itciidt.'d  fur,  '  he  considered  h  aa  a  fal»c  light, 
meant  to  bewfIdH',  and  lead  iheir  lordships  fnmi  tbe  way  of  ibeir  tlaty, 
while  llie  whole  nutiou  pointed  direct  to  the  heir-appamii.'  His  lord- 
ship concluded  hy  warning  the  peers  not  to  ilevioic  horn  the  true  liiM 
of  llu'ir  duly,  nod  by  hinting  that  If  they  Bwared  they  would  oot  be 
followed  by  Ireland."* 

In  1791  we  And  hia  lordsbip  onca  more  acting  in  oppoaltkxi  to  Mr 
Pitt's  administration.  The  Turks  and  Itussiuw  vera  ttill  at  ir«r,  and 
tbe  suceeaws  of  Catherine  II,  were  such  a*  seemed  to  iodicaie  tbe 
■pecdy  doirnbll  of  the  Ottoman  emptre.  By  the  mintstwa  irbo  now 
pr«*ided  in  tbe  English  eablnel,  it  was  determined  that  Great  Briiaia 
should  ann,  on  purpose  to  oppose  the  claiou  of  Runia,  and  vindicate 
tbe  eaaae  of  lb*  Turks.  A  message  from  the  king  was  aceonlmgly 
brought  down  to  both  houic*  of  parliament,  on  Monday,  March  StMb, 
•tating : "  That  the  endeavour*  which  his  mi^csty  had  imd.  In  coajoo^ 
tion  with  bis  allin,  to  dfeet  a  pacifioation  botwceh  Rnssia  Hid  tbc  Porte, 
having  been  hitherto  unauceessfiil,  and  tbe  coiweqvenoaa  which  may 
ariM  from  tbe  furllit'r  progrea*  of  the  war  being  highly  important  to 
(he  intenita  of  hii  majesty  nod  hi*  allies,  and  to  thou:  of  Karope  in 
general,  his  mnji«ty  judges  it  retjuiMte,  in  order  to  add  weight  to  hie 
repreirntation.  lo  niske  some  furtli4-r  augmentation  of  his  oaTal  (brcs; 
and  bts  uuijcily  nliei  on  the  seal  and  attention  of  the  houae  of  eon- 
moo*,  that  they  will  be  ready  to  make  good  tucb  Mtditkma]  ripruac 
as  mny  be  incurred  by  those  preparations  (at  the  purpo"  of  •!>(>• 
porting  tU'  inleresl/i   of  hia  majinty's   kingdonn,  and  of  eniiliibu' 


'  '  ntUr  (IwfMW*  «f  I MO^ ' 


Pmiok]  howaud,  BAKt  or  cahlislk.  92? 


to  the  rMtontion  of  fieii«r«l  inuquiUily,  ou  x  Mcure  cud  hniag  foun> 

Huj  mpecUU*  noUaaicn  and  gentlemen,  in  both  boiwes  of  par- 
%■""!,  wereamnftftwna  new  wu- at  this  particulnr  period,  uid  loudly 
oondemkad  tha  impoiicy  oT  a  eontnt  with  a  power  whieb  ib«  mat 
Lard  Chatham  had  forcibly  dcnignaidd  aa  'ti>c  natural  ally  of  thn 
country.'  In  the  bouan  of  lord*  the  rarl  of  Corlitic  objectL-d  to  tbo 
Ofifin^  addrcM.  He  (aid  that,  in  th«  coune  of  bia  parUamentary  at< 
t«i>il«DCe  he  bad  oft«R  witauaied  the  roateniptiMMa  Dcliavioar  of  (be 
ministry,  but  u«T«r  in  bo  incultiikt;  a  maimer  a>  on  thia  ocettion.  Aa 
th«  maLtvf  atood  at  prMent,  hia  lonUiip  contended,  "  that  it  «a*  impot- 
uble  for  thai  bouw  to  kaovr  wbelhef  ih«y  ntm  then  colled  upon  to 
aMiat  Kiuaia  in  any  of  h«r  achemea,  or  to  aupport  lli«  Tiirkt.  Tb«y 
ooald  not  vote  the  addm*  but  upon  eonfidcoce.  and  confidence  merely; 
and  hr  bcggrd  to  know  upon  what  graand  minwlen  called  fur  tuch 
confiilence.  Did  tbcy  rot  their  daini  upon  their  condact  laat  year? 
By  tliat  conduct,  and  hy  the  aubaeqneot  in«aaure«,  b«  could  not  lell 
whether  the  ansaiaeBt  which  had  Uuo  bMO  raiard  had  really  been  in- 
l«i>ded  (o  act  i^aioat  Spain,  or  to  shmI  Swodcn.  If  the  prcwnt  ar- 
rangrroent  wan  in  contCBDpIalioa  when  the  king*  •peech  wa*  ilcti*CTcd, 
why  did  liicy  dixarm?  Why  not  uic  the  force  they  liaJ  then  afloat? 
As  it  wai,  the  fleet  had  only  M^rvcd  to  pillaj-e  the  public,  and  to  make  a 
ahow  betwrto  ihe  Ulc  of  Wight  ■nil  PorUinuulb-  If  we  were  rewlved," 
added  bia  lorddiip,  "to  enter  iolo  contincnUl  alliaai-ea,  we  ihoiild  hava 
made  tueb  «i  would  haie  been  mo4t  likely  to  have  proved  aarrfoMUa 
to  w,aiMl  bmw  OMwUend  that  Itituia  wb»  the  nuiurnl  ally  of  thia 
eomtiy.  W*  had  n^lceted  to  cultivate  the  fnendthip  of  ibe  emproi, 
■ad  now  we  were  ([oing  to  provoke  ber  tlill  liiTtbcf.  if  >te  were  enter- 
lag  into  a  war  fnxn  Bcoeuily,  the  country  would  willinj-Iy  strain  erety 
nerve  ro  carry  H  oDi  and  bring  It  to  a  apaedy  and  auectaitful  condnaioa. 
No  other  war  woaM  be  jiuliSaUe :  and  whether  liiif  waa  a  war  of  na- 
ceafiiy,  a  war  in  conacquencc  of  extiting  co>itir>rntiil  alliance*,  or  a  war 
occaaiooed  by  the  Itaughllnn*  and  arro^aca  of  tninittrrt,  by  puming 
a  blundtfioc  qwttm,  the  booM-  wa«  aa  yat  nnable  to  detcrmmc" 

We  find  I.oeil  Carliile  ftill  continuing  in  oppoaitiou  to  the  rainialeta 
at  ihi*  period  at  Itie  head  of  aibin,  oud  even  Joining  in  a  vole  for  their 
eeoMire.  Wlieo  I^ord  Grenville,  June  6ih,  179St  laovcd  the  order  of 
tl>e  day,  on  the  bill  "  for  the  further  incTCata  and  ptoarraiioc  of  limber 
wilbin  tli«  New  Foreiil,  in  Ihe  county  of  Soulbamploa,  and  for  the  aale 
of  rrnU,  and  ibo  cnfranchiwnirnl  of  copyhold  tcnemeiit*  in  ibo  *aid 
forest*,"  tbn  waa  openly  aiul  ably  diaapproved  of  by  (ho  earl  of  Car- 
lialc.  who  laid  he  "  regarded  the  prcaoBI  bUI  b*  a  meaiurc  that  could 
fairly  be  aaid  to  be  neither  iDoee  nor  le**  than  a  job,  in  bvour  of  a 
clerk  at  their  taUe,  who  wa«  at  the  taioe  liioe  M.-cretary  (o  Ibe  ireaaury, 
uader  ibe  pretenoc  of  buyiDji  limber  for  the  royal  navy  i  it  wa*  under 
tliat  impmaioo  that  hi*  majniy — the  readieat  ofpriDcei  to  give  up  ad- 
vaolafM  of  hi*  own  for  tlic  benelil  of  hia  peo])!*— had  been  prevailed 
on  to  aMent  lo  ihi*  mea»ure,  but  lii*  goodacaa  and  paternal  atfection 
had  been  abnacd  io  tUi  InMMWt." 

On  Ihe  coiBtHoeaBant  of  die  French  revolution  the  *arl  became  an 
alamiiit,  and  ranged  himaeir  on  tlu-  udi'  of  hb  roajetty'*  miaittcr*,  for 
wbicl^  in  1193(  ha  waa  rewarded  with  the  inaigaia  of  tlia  Outer.    Hia 


StS  roLITICAL  MBIBS.  Mnv 

leuare-boan,  from  thi*  period,  were  chiefly  deroted  to  IHcratsrc;  hm 
he  coDtinned  to  take  a  put  in  politict  durtog  the  remainder  of  hm  Bft^ 
which  doicd  on  th«  4th  of  September,  18SA. 

It  DOW  remaina  to  apeak  of  Lord  Carliila  aa  a  votary  of  the  M— 
Four  poema,  written  by  hb  lordship,  were  pabliabed  in  177S,  !■  a 
qaarto  editioD.  Tbe  tint  of  tbeM  oonauted  of  an  ode  om  the  death  «f 
Gray,  tbe  aeeond  and  third  of  veraes  deatiiied  tat  the  intininnit  «f  a 
ftTourite  •puiiel,  and  tha  limrth  oTa  tnoaUtioa  from  Dairte.  !■  18H 
appeared  a  aplendid  edition,  from  tbe  presa  of  Bulmer,  of '  The  tn^ 
dies  and  Poems  of  Frederick,  Eari  trf  Carlisle,  Knight  of  tbe  Gartfc' 
The  'Odeon  the  Death  of  Gray'  appears  to  have  been  written  in  1771, 
at  a  period  when  the  noble  antbor  had  scaively  attained  his  twea^ 
third  year.  In  it  tbe  yonthfiil  poet  baa  Mtdeavoared  at  onee  to  cem> 
memorate  tbe  merits  of  tbe  bard  and  also  to  imitate  his  nombets.  n^ 
following  is  a  specimen  of  bis  lordship's  juveoile  verses: 

I. 

■•  What  ipiflt'*  tbst  ohieb  DMOsti  oa  bigh, 
Bonia  OD  Um  unu  of  eiwij  (DoaAil  Hon  ? 
Hii  iihit*  tobt»  flattar  to  tb*  gale  : 
Tbe;  wing  their  way  to  jooder  openiEig  ikj ; 

Id  gloriOQi  itata  through  yielding  cloodi  Ibsy  ■silt 
Aad  lotDb  oT  bcanmlj  flowen  on  eutb  dlAm. 

11. 
"  What  aiaili  the  Poet'l  bK  ? 
Wbat  anib  hi)  Bwgie  band  T 
Can  be  arrait  DeMh'i  pointed  dart. 

Or  riiarm  to  ilcep  bii  mDrdaroui  band? 
Well  I  kDaw  thee,  g-nlle  ibado, 

That  looefal  loica,  (bat  eagis  aya — 
Qniek  briog  me  flowen  that  oa'er  ihall  bit*, 
Tbe  Uonl-wreath  Ibit  ne'er  •hall  die; 
With  erarr  bonoor  deck  bit  raneral  bier, 
Tat  be  to  arary  Graea  and  eierj  Ume  wai  dear  I 

III. 

"  Tba  Ualaolng  Dtrad,  with  altaDtion  atill. 
On  tiptoe  oft  woold  near  the  Poet  itaal. 
To  hear  him  liDg,  npon  tba  lonaly  hill, 

Of  all  tbe  wonden  of  the  eitpanded  vale ; 
Tba  diflaat  hamlet,  and  the  wiodiog  Oream, 

Tba  ataeple  ihaaed  by  tba  friendly  yew. 
Sank  in  the  wood,  tbe  inn'i  departing  gleam. 

The  gny-robed  landKapa  ■tetling  fktiin  the  riaw. 
Or,  wrapt  In  aolemn  thooght,  and  pleaijng  wo, 
0>r  aacb  low  tomb  be  breath'd  hii  pltrai  Mnlo, 
A  laMon  to  tbe  illlaga  iwain. 
And  Utight  the  lean  iJ  nutic  grief  to  flow  I 
Bol  MMn,  with  bolder  note  aad  wilder  flight, 
O'et  tbe  load  atriogi  hli  rapid  band  would  run  ; — 
Man  baa  lit  hli  (oreb  of  war, 
Kanki  at  bttaet  fill  tba  ilgbl  t 

Hark  I  the  amage  ii  begun  t 
And  Me  tbe  Puriei  through  (he  fiery  air. 
O'er  Oimbria'i  rrigblan'd  land,  tbe  icrsanii  of  horror  bear  T 

The  following  extract  is  from  a  poem  inscribed  to  Sir  Joshua  Rey. 
nolda,  on  hia  resignation  of  the  president's  chair  of  t)ie  Royal  academy 


PiMcm.} 


HOWARD.  SAHL  OF  CAIILItLB. 


Si9 


After  a  coiQ[iltni«iil  to  tlie  painter  who  Imil  fir»t  '  picrctJ  llie  elmni 
irb«rre  Eni[laii(J'ii  Geniu*  slept,'  \hr  poot  proceed*  that: 

"  Dark  ni  tlifl  huur,  llw  ige  *n  tgi  of  lUiw, 
Wb«n  lludmd  oUm'il  an  tfojin  of  hu  omi : 
And,  from  tba  tioM,  iifa*a,  <l«tli](  Itni  litfal. 
ViiiiiI)Xa  tnil  UubHu  cbeet'd  oar  aonb«n>  Bl|fatr 
Th»M  Inlti-iun  wl,  Iha  Gr*ca  •)!  lud  t»i, 
Yat  lauHid  U>  buinr  o'or  ■  Lt-\j't  bfd  i 
Ami  Mmatimn  btal,  *h>a  un(«l  mih  wont  injor, 
Te  nulka  Itto  gantio  KnoIIer  alJ  itaoir  Mm  : 
Bal  ne'tt  alih  iniln  la  pudy  Varrio  Mni*il  i 
P(o  ba|ip;  Incanio  on  hu  allan  baro'J, 

"  O  viiniH.  Wiadnr,  1)7  toe  m^tc  mil*. 
riiy  loiiur'd  (aUlo^  iby  IbmIM  btlbl 
tiol  £nBUnd'i  glory,  Biliiatd'*«oiH|a«rin(  ton, 
Otiei'il  nltli  ijiotli  from  I>Dicrli«n  brarvly  wjii . 
Yal  Do  wfalto  plnniMi  no  armi  of  nlile  hun, 
Hatk  tba  Tvong  haro  10  out  ravuh'd  fiaw ; 
In  biokin  liiin.  and  laatall'd  balnint  liifftil, 
A  valUdtaB'd  Runian  nwel*  out  pouled  (IghL 
And  OaUU'i  w|iUi>  king,  bov  ilMlifa  bU  doom. 
A  Roman,  luc^  pnmi**  blnndT  bMMU !" 

Loid  Cnrlble  waa  th«  author  of  two  tragt^IiM,— *  Tbe  $trpiBOtli«r/ 
and  '  The  l-'ather's  Hev^nge.'  Dr  Jobtuoo  ohtcrm  of  th»-  Uiicr,  in  « 
communicalioD  (o  Mr>  Chnponn :  "  Of  thr  M-nlimroU,  I  rrnii^mlipr  not 
OM  ihM  I  wwfctd  omitted.  In  tlie  iiuajjcry.  1  cannot  forbear  to  din* 
tlDglluh  tba  eompftriion  of  joy  >ucce«litig  grirf,  to  light  riuhing  on  the 
eys  kCdutomed  to  dufkneM,  It  mciim  to  bare  oil  thnt  cno  he  dnired 
to  make  it  ]deue.  It  iiiicir,JDftt|iod delightful."*  Lord  Bjron,  wbom 
the  mtI  bod  bitierff  offeoilvd,  notice*  liim  u  k  Ingic  writer  in  the  fol> 
lowing  term* : — 

"  So  doll  In  raulh.  to  drinllini  in  ^ta> 
Hk  ttnm  olono  taiiil>*  dwno  oar  riokiof  •■•(•i 
Bal  inaaa|a>«  tot  onn.  ninl,  ■  Hold  I  EDa«||h  I* 
Noi  drofg'd  Iholr  audiann  irilli  tbo  tni|:Ja  Mtf.* 

We  thnll  Mlrct  two  or  Uirrv  qnotuioo*  from  '  Th«  Fatber'i  R«v«itge,' 
The  Bnt  h  IVom  tbe  ipaech  of  Monforti,  in  wbieh,  before  lh«  bUure  of 
hi>  concpirmcy.  I>i-  tbua  ehurMteriici  the  populace  : — 

" Hm  nuird  faali 

Bcttna  i  ln<ii  ihcin,      Tlw)  af*  JndMd  Ik*  >t>t*, 

AaJ  akala  tliaj  btar  ■■.  »n  and  raui I  Ihair  braui, 

IfMil  v«  (Bin  IW  fan  i  nnbeadod  llifn. 

To  IIm  oU*  omaa  Iber  again  Bi«f  Hon ; 

Ual  and  brgMMi  midM  ihoir  klndr*l  rum." 

Ou  being  detected,  li«  mourai  '  thr  iliogs  of  oonacioua  guilt,'  and 
ciclaiius  :— 


'  O,  nalniBDd,  bad  I 


Bmi  oaivr  kom,  thlomo**  rmlm*  bad  kavm 


•  Tba  Wlowlns  1*  iIm  [inifi  bvi*  itUm^  lu : — 

-  I  eoald  bar*  boriiB  mf  >oas     Ihat  ilrum«  }«y 
Woondi  wbilv  )l  pidIIm: — iIib  kaaC'Imprlun'd  aUldk 
BManlna  Itnai  lb*  B«|bl  ■>'  i»  damp  «oll, 
SMalu  htm  tb*  lun'a  UihM  beaw  i  and  Ikai  «Wrb  AIm* 
OtdMW  a-«T  all,  to  Ita  li  HK^.' 

TIL  a  T 


T 


390  POUTICAL  HUMC*. 

A  ■■IJm  •■•I-      I  fniMp'H  TattmJ 
Dadi'd  Urn  tail  Kab  ef  Jnitie*  ea  the  (^ 
Beowg'd  tlctn  ffua  U>  tkitm.  Mrf  rht»J  < 
T)w  ■mHhi  wtiimrti  ■  |imn  ta*  inM  VOf— 
UMc  Fmv,  and  PAit.     I  ou  tbM  WHhf  ■' 
Tbnnsli  afekk  lli*  ton  bMMi  mrfm  fUii'^- 
U  tibtm  iMek  ^af  all  itM  fall  ftrnkm  fvaO* 
Tbu  «llb  dw  addai^  nMaM  KMk,  CMiit  Ibftk 
JUd  itan(  an  f D}w'd  t*«pl*  Mb  Matem. 
I  •>»  (hu  ■Inrd.  «OT^Bh«  or  ■■  nt, 
%iiltlii>Mb,  niM*  Tiurad  dn- 
On  hi>  liM  Erfltr  tmd  kn  pMid*'^  talnd. 
Bui  now  I  Ul.  in  ny  vm  «Um  UiiMra*. 
Tho  •Irtim  of  my  giriH.** 

Tlw  bu  pa*aage  U  Ukvn  from  an  interview  between  the  Uag  aalK 

rclulivt!,  the  prelate: — 

"  Tanc. — Kacnr,  braOMr, 

TlioH  UudU  bat  ill  bNORM  )dii.     Uml  I  k*oal 

'Farcamaak'ico»dM\y7     bUultWtM- 

Wlwre  I  miut  ptadi  md  |aMiiy  aj  tcUaMf 
"  AlUIMt.— Ko.  TanCTM),  no  ;  jot  thtne*  •  jiwlifiilll  ■»! 

Vtltn  purple  klngt,  higti  at  (Mr  fdl-HoBa  pcM* 

Or  dUI«r>  can  •«  Uian,  miut  bo  MuBBoa'd  ; 

"nt  h  tbdf  Hltd*«l>^  rigoToui  ln<|iiUlin> 

nwf  M«r  bfMUU  tbe  non  iremnidow  pfocaaa 

Itu  aalU  bqoMl  th«  ttOB.     ThiukM  ttea  Ik;  | 

Bkoom  th*7  iNsat,  don'l  r«l  tbnr  iiuuiiiaT" 

•OH  «.  v.  1 7*0^— mn  A.  !>.  19^ 

Tmn  et-lrbmUd  niiJ  ilurdj  refortiwr  wiw  lli*  tli'tfl  sou  of  Willlm 
t'arlwriglil,  Ean.  of  Mamhnm,  MiMlinghamtlitri-,  uiid  was  bom  on  ilv 
SRUi  tif  Si-|>tctnl>er,  17-10. 

ll«  wu  coiiniJnci]  M>iiii!w1i«t  of  a  diuioc  at  kImwI,  hut  tliu  appcan 

10  liave  Umii  the  rcauli  of  baJ  mnaagemfot  on  tho  part  of  his  tutan, 
Ibr  lili  miod  nai  an  active  aod  pow«tfal  on*,  when  Ailiy  en|;o;;Mj  ppoa 
any  aubjcct  or  in()airj-.  Ho  upotil  several  jcan  Id  1Ii«  navnl  acrfiiKi 
ht  which  1i«  alwajn  aci[uUl«i)  himself  with  gallantfy;  but  he  Urclincd  la 
iMar  arm*  iii  Lhv  American  war. 

In  1776  he  prodncci  hi*  flr^t  pamphlet  on  porltiinciiUTy  reform. — 
the  grrat  object  to  which  hit  pen  and  fliturc  lifi:  were  to  be  dedic-air*!. 

11  WM  enlltlud,  '  Take  your  Choice,'  and  advocUed  r<|*>al  n-preaenta* 
tion  and  annual  partianicnli.  JIc  had,  prevkMuly  to  the  publicatioa.af 
lliii  pomphkt,  written  Iwo  othm:  one  'On  the  Rtgbia  and  IntCTMbof 
Fiabing  companiea,'  and  ihr  olhrr  ronniatin;;  of  a  aorin  of  '  Lettera  M 
American  lndrpciid«n <!<■.'  In  l76D)irtookn  very  nclivc  pan  in  llw 
furmation  of  a  Koeii-ly  fijr  conntiiDiiotwl  infonnatioa,  and  drew  up  tlMir 
llevlaraiion  of  iiighu.  of  which  Sir  Wdiiam  Jonca  wa*  beard  la  mj 
ihal  ii  ouf-hl  to  br  wrilteti  in  tctten  of  f^td.  Tbbt  wmi  Mlowed  by  a 
brochure,  eotiUiKl  '  I'he  People's  Barrier  afalnal  iindnc  InflueDCc  and 
ComiptKMi.*  Ilia  lut  publication  uppeAred  in  1633.  It  la  entitled 
'  The  CoiutiliUioit  Produced  and  IlluBifatod,'  and  U  a  aufptiatogly  vfg- 
aroaa  work  for  a  man  of  e^hty-four  yean  of  age.     BetwMB  tb| 


4 


4 


Fnuae.] 


JOIIK  CABTWIIICIir. 


331 


1800  and  ISSl  bit  exerlionii  in  tbe  cwibc  of  rcKinn  wen;  tnctasaiit,  and 
g«vc  to  bim  a.  kind  of  ubiqtuijr  at  polilioal  mueliaga  all  ftier  Uic  coun* 
try.     Ho  died  in  Scptcoibrr.  1S24. 

"  Major  Cortarigfat,"  uty*  aiiv  or  bi*  por^,  **  wa>  not  onlj-  a  itunly 
parlianienUty  rofonncr,  but  an  boa«at,  npr^bt)  and  amiubtu  loan:  one 
of  those  traly  <!sliiaBbI<:  patriot*,  vrfao,  wfaile  Ihcf  luvii  tlicir  conolrjri 
and  >|icnit  Lbcir  liri^  iu  unrrmtttcd  cSurt*  to  iuprove  iLe  pobtical  eoo- 
dition  of  ibcir  frtIow>citixcB%  atretck  fbrtli  tfaeir  tb(ni(;liti,  at  the  aantu 
time,  to  the  tnli-rota  and  Aappineaa  of  ibe  wliole  liumau  race,  and  dt 
BOmi^tlitiif;,  do  much,  in  ibdr  day  and  genctotioD,  to  make  future  a([«* 
biatLT  [Lull  the  {inwvnt  or  the  pnit.  Id  kt>  doniMtic  rcUtiuoi  he  ap- 
pears tbe  nodi'l  of  all  that  it  f[ood,  (^ntli-,  aiid  h'ci>ll«*»'>nly :  bvloved 
wiili  no  common  affrctiou,  *crv(>d  wlili  ou  eiHuiuon  ical,  and  bonourcd 
with  no  commoa  citMun.  IL  ti  inipussible  tu  folUiw  biiii  iiilo  liii  daily 
walk  of  cxiitPiK'i*,  witliout  ulmiriai;  ibi-  inoiiy  on-cIU'iicif*  of  hu  ctuir> 
actcr,  and  vitliout  woodtriiig  al  tliat  strange  and  virioua  pancntty 
whkb,  on  actouDt  of  hoowt  political  opinionai  would  load  ao  good  a 
maa  wilb  obloc|uy  during  his  life,  and  even  poor  foftb  Its  rials  of  con* 
tempt  and  bittemcM  upon  hh  grave.  Whether  tbe  course  be  porMied 
for  tke  flarlberaBcv  of  his  political  viewa  woa  alwaja  tbe  beat  poaubk^ 
will  be  hereafter  eoosidcred ;  but  that  he  thought  U  the  beat,  and  that 
lie  acted  from  this  persuasion,  t*  evident  from  Ilie  whole  coutac  and 
tcDor  of  his  conduct  through  hi*  long  and  eventful  career.  Major 
Cartwright  has  been  rather  erroneoualy  ooBudercd  the  faibcr  of  modetn 
partlamcnlary  reformers:  tiuce  long  before  the  Major  wrote  hia  6n>t 
poaopfalct,  viK.  in  177G,  nuoy  works  had  appeared,  In  which  it  was  eon- 
lcnd*^l,  thai  the  holding  a  new  parltamcnl  al  lc»t  oacn  in  thr  year  had 
bfcn  for  many  ngra  tbi-  law  of  the  Iniid.  An  unircrulity  of  •uflVlg* 
for  all  who  had  >(latncd  the  agn  of  turoly'Onc,  and  tho  protrction  of 
the  ballot,  hftd  been  frequently  advocated  ;  and  Dnrgh,  in  the  '  Conclu- 
sion* to  Ilia  '  Political  DiM)uiiilioii»,'  liad  recently  KUggeiled  the  pro- 
priety of  '  a  general  Moooialion  for  restoring  the  «Histllu6on,'  which 
iit^  iuuginnl  might  be  efliKtcd  '  by  petitions  to  tbe  king  and  parlia- 
ment, ngned  by  a  clear  majority  of  the  people  of  ^woperty,  for  obtain- 
ing the  neocmry  acta  of  poriianii-nl,  and  by  nuMng  and  having  in 
reodinea*  the  itn-Dfi^tb  of  tlie  nation,  in  oriU-r  to  influmcc  govonineiit 
and  prevent  miitchier.'  Major  Cartwright  brauglil  all  ibece  proposition* 
together.  He  contended  that  annual  poriLammts  and  uuiverwl  suffrs^e 
were  tlie  ancient  unsUcnaUe  sad  iwldMMblc  right*  of  tbe  people,  w«re 
dvrinwl  from  natnrc.  reoo^licd  and  adoptad  by  our  Saxon  ancestors, 
and  not  to  be  abrogated  by  any  net  or  acta  of  parliament.  He  propoarti 
a  plan  for  tbe  e<]iial  division  of  the  people,  whose  volc«  were  to  be 
tahen  at  the  aama  hour  on  a  certain  day  in  every  year,  in  their  re^oct- 
■Tu  ptrisbs,  and  aH  voting  to  be  by  ballot-  To  allaiii  tbcae  ebfecia,  he 
tjuoted  Burgh's  eanaatMMW  of  *  a  (jrond  National  AMOidatiaBt'  colleil 
i>|Mn  cn-ry  man  ofiniHIigiMm.-  and  inlinrnce  lo  promote  sneh  aa  aiat^ 
ciolioD,  and  coneludrd  hi*  u  ork  witli  Ibi'sc  word*  i — '  I  hope  there  Uvea 
not  a  nun  upon  our  i*Ic  so  nnwonhy  of  iheaoaely  of  men,  wboi  if  ndrd 
were,  would  not  subscribe  il  with  bi«  Mood.*  Tbe  erocd  of  the  Major 
Ihas  early  settled  was  rdigbusly  adhered  (o  by  bim  to  tbe  lioar  of  hb 
death." 

The  Mkabg  »  a  lisiof  Maj'T  Cartwrighl'spublicalioa*:— '  Amrri- 


can  Ini]«pctii]i!nce  itiu  Itit^rrtt  and  Glory  of  Gri'at  Brilaio.'  1774,>i»] 
— '  A  letter  to  Hiltnuiid  Itiirki?,  E«i{„  controvL-rliD^  the  riiiiii^iw  i 
Governnicnt,  bid  down  in  liii  Sprocli  of  April  Otb.  1774,'  177^011; 
— '  Tiikc  your  Choice.  Ac  &c.' 1776,  8vo;  reprioird  1777  uate  rit 
title  of  ■  Tbe  I^ginlativi;  Rights  of  tlie  Commonaliy  Vindicated,*  tat 
— '  A  Letter  to  llic  EnrI  of  Abingdon,  di8cu»ing  a  Po«iiioo  rdstiwH 
a  fundnm^nlid  Ri^ht  of  thn  ConHiiiution.  contained   in    liis  T  iinliy|ft 

'J'l)ouglit»  ou  tht  Letter  of  Kdmiind  Hurkc,  Esq.*   1777,  Svo; ^lli 

IVopIe's  Barrit-r,'  liBO.  6vo ; — ■  Leltrr  to  thp  UeputJc*  of  lite  ill—' 
mcd  Counties,  Citiis,  and  Tuwnx,  on  the  Mmni  nocpssnry  to  »  Rdtis- 
aiion  of  Furlium^nl,'  178),  Bvo; — '  Give  ui  our  Kigliis.  1783,  S^m— 
'  IntiTiml  Evidence,  or  an  liKiuiry  how  liir  Troth  snd  the  Chrate 
Keli};ioii  liuvc  bpro  conaulted  by  the  Author  of  Thouf^u  on  m  ffWfc- 
menlary  Rcforni,  (So&ini:  Jcnyni)*  17tM,  Svo; — *  Letter  to  tbc  IMi 
of  Ntncantli-,'  1702,  8vo;— '  A  Plnn  for  providiug  tbe  N«ry  stt 
TiuiUt.  KK-I,  a^o: — '  Ij^ttcr  to  n  Friend  nt  Boston.'  I7S3,  8ra9- 
*  Tilt!  Cotnmcinwonlth  in  Danger,'  1795,  Svaj — ■  Li'llcr  to  iLc  Hkt 
ShcriH'  of  thr  County  of  Lini^oln,'  1795,  tivo; — *  The  r'nintiliilii^ 
Di'ltdtx  of  F.iiglnnd,'  1796,  Bvo ; — '  An  AppptU  on  (he  Subject  of  tk 
English  Convtilution,'  1797,  Svo;  Sd  rdil:»n  Kn?«lly  cnlai^^ed,  I79t; 
— '  TJie  Trident,'  l8tK),  4to; — '  Lctlpr  to  the  tteciors  of  NottinvkaH,' 
1M03,  »*o; — 'TheStnlcnfthr  Nation.'  IHO.i.Bvo; — •  EoKlaud'*  JEgW 
1806,  Svoi—'Reosors  for  Ucrormalioii."  1809,  ttro: — '  Tbe  Com|l«»- 
•OD,'  1810,  8»o; — '  Six  Letter*  to  Iho  .Mnr>]arM  of  Tavistock,'  I81X, 
8*0;—'  A  Bill  of  Highu  mid  Libmi<3.  1817.  Bvo; — '  TJic  Engbfa 
Cnii'titulion  produced,'  ISiH,  8vii.  Mnjor  Cartwri^ht  v*ai  aUo  ifct 
ftuUiof  of  wri'ral  pnjien  in  Young'H  Aiiiiala  of  Agriculture. 


»if!jnrTi,  CPnii  of  Boitotigljmorc. 

MkX  A.  B.  1  TAtt.— OIID  A.  p.  IftU. 

Tuik  nobleman  »a»  the  rld«*t  wn  of  l\ie  Right  Hon.  John  IMv 
lliil4i|iiiiMn.  Hp  >ai  educated  at  F.ton  ond  Oxford,  but  Rradituod  M 
DoUin.  A*  Mion  aji  (piaUBed  by  a^r,  lie  obtained  a  «c«t  in  tbc  Iriab 
Iwiuip  ■>(  eoniinon*.  Tho  ton«  of  hi*  jralitica,  and  tbc  (Mimatioii  fa 
whirl)  hi-  «riu  held  by  the  great  portion  uT  dw  Iritli  commuuity,  awy 
In  beat  gaUierrd  from  the  following  oddrete,  which  wax  prc«(mt«d  to 
liln  in  1795  by  a  dtlcgaliuii  from  th<!  Ruiiun  Cutliolic*  in  Dublio :— . 

"  To  THE  Right  Hox.  Lord  DohouciIimorb. 

"Ht  Loud, — The  Calholici  of  Dublin  have  iiutracicd  Us  to  nt- 
pfMl  to  your  tord*hip  the  Miitimenti  of  •incrn;  aod  ardcoi  Rradtod* 
which  they  feel  lu  yoa  and  your  family ;  and  in  dt*chargii^  this  duly 
wa  aaunic  to  ourvclvn  no  mall  degree  of  pride,  becaiue  w*  know  that 
In  kddrCMiiig  your  lordtbip  we  addrcn  tlic  bcrtiditary  adrocate  of  Cm- 
ibolie  emaneipati"'). 

"  Your  bi;<.   v\  i  ' ~  father  had  attentively  constdered  ibn  «boU 

ii>i  •>  L">c.  i.oi  only  as  Car  u  tbey  related  to  tbe  peraonawfrn 

..-  icre  lli«  vieiiiiu  of  iheir  aet'erily,  but  aJM)  a*  far  as  lln-y 

t  Ictnta  of  ihu  kingdom  in  g^nenil ;  and  acrcr  waa  tb« 


PutOD.! 


lltcllAnI^  BARL  OF  Doxoifcnuoae. 


333 


Culliolic  <iuo»ttOR  tbo  sul>ji-cl  ur  parluni«titary  dncUMion  that  be  diil 
oul  forciblj  r«probaU)  Ibe  impolicy  t>t  iinpoMiig  peiullies  on  opIuiMKi, 
■nd  ctuMifytDg  ptople  iccordiog  lo  lh«ir  crM-di. 

"  He  WM  too  ^el  a  •talnaian  to  tliiiik  thai  fbur-fiftbs  of  a  nttioa 
could  be  polilicnlly  ilpgraded,  without  tlic  dcgradalion,  in  a  grvat  inea- 
nurr,  of  the  rcmainiag  psat  of  iu  iiilubiUnt* ;  imd  thai  civil  diMbililica 
couM  be  adilctl  to  poliiini  mtraiiils  oiihout  tlic  ruin  of  many  of  llie 
arts  that  arr  uirfxtl  to  lil<-,  and  tbr  total  cxtinetioii  of  all  iboM  irnii- 
mcnti  of  national  honour  and  pride  vhich  give  rank  aad  dignity  to  one 
coantry  in  the  mind  of  anolhrr. 

"  You,  my  li»d,  arc  bnr  not  only  to  lb*  lbrtun«*i  bol  lo  the  talrntx 
and  opinions  of  your  (athcr;  and  in  ronjunction  with  your  librml  and 
CMligbtCDcd  brothers,  arc  rndcarouring  lo  complete  tlic  work  which  ho 
wan  aiuonx  the  fint  (v  begin. 

"  Yon  feel  in  oowmuu  with  tlie  rcfli-clinff  and  diiiiiilvmti^  part  of 
tliv  coniuiuii'ty,  that  Ike  slarvry  of  Calhoti(a  in  not  iiiweMaiy  lo  the 
IhHidoin  of  I'futi'btauta.  The  j^niua  aod  cfaaracltx  of  lli«  limn  in 
which  you  Lvo  have  not  reaped  your  observation.  Voo  know  that 
neilbcr  tuperslitioR  nor  eDibiuiaan:i>  in  mailers  of  n-ligion,  arc  among 
the  BftladiBa  of  tb<  preMBt  day  ;  aod  ibat,  whatever  might  haiv  been 
lh«  deloaioBi  of  bnBer  tgw.  aolhiag  ia  now  kM  likely  Iban  coDteaU 
■■01^  aectarie*  lo  procure  Ifgal  and  Mniponl  prc&rtiicc*  for  th«ir 
da^y  and  their  rc«prclivc  crmb-  You  arr  teticiMc  ihat  a  cliango  of 
drcumaliiRcra  will  produce  a  chavge  of  laatM  and  opinions;  t)ui  big> 
otry  in  one  age  may  he  succeeded  by  liberality  ia  anotbcr;  and  you 
bavc  too  much  penctmiioo  not  to  perceive  ibat  Catholics,  iiMcad  ol 
being  (UmI  to  an  immoveable  anchor  of  pn-jutlicc  and  patalon.  have 
ftoal«d  with  th«  limn,  and  caught  tbc  manners  of  tbi-ircoolcmpurarirs. 
"  Influcncrd  by  theso  conaidenlions,  your  lordsliip  lias  uiiifurmly 
laboured  lo  purify  the  *<atutc*book  from  the  lalnl  of  peual  law*,  and  lo 
unite  all  di-«ertpt:ons  of  your  countryuicn  in  a  bond  of  common  iotar- 
r»L  Aniiualctl  by  the  rccoUectioo  of  your  fullier's  example,  and  aided 
by  that  immorlal  niin  who  restored  to  Ireland  iu  constitution,  your 
lordship  eanaot  Gtil  of  succcm;  and  it  i)  wilh  tlw  highest  satisfBetiuu 
WG  anildpale  the  day  when  ihtrt  shall  be  no  dialiaclioaa  ia  tliia  coun- 
try, but  ihoae  of  nibjects  and  rulers ;  and  when  chnrcbM.  dedicated  lo 
dilferrnl  modea  of  wo(»hi]>.  ahall  give  rite  to  aa  little  ]>opul«r  aainKNily 
and  nonltnlion,  as  acodenile*  Instituled  for  leaching  the  diflmni 
brascheu  of  human  l<«miag. 

**  Aa  soon  a*  this  auspicious  oienl  shall  obtain,  acteral  abuaoa.  now 
ciistin^,  will  bo  mnorcd,  bimI  an  end  will  be  put  lo  the  insults  which 
In-lonil  now  recetM*.  and  is  forMd  to  bear  in  silcnc<r,  frocn  sordid  and 
unworlliy  mm  who  bavc  not  candour  enough  to  make  dtowanCM  Ibr 
tbc  cautn  of  her  dcpmsiou,  iwr  virtue  and  patriotism  rnoaeh  lo  aaaist 
in  fwmoving  then,  'tlie  ingenuity  of  the  people  will  Im-  callrd  fbribt 
in  tht  place  of  religious  diaoofd  and  its  folly,  a  spirit  of  emulalion  will 
aruc  in  arts,  in  commerce,  and  in  manufoclam ;  babiu  of  sobriety  and 
iiHlusir*  will  gradually  introduce  thrmselvc*;  the  pride  and  bauglMinea* 
of  weuth  and  utation  will  lie  softtiHil  i  a  pcaaanUy  of  bold  «m  muly 
fcclin^  more  di*|>aud  to  labour,  and  te«a  dbpoaed  to  riot,  wQI  grow 
upi  <nt'h  rank  in  •cieii-ly  will  «e({uirr  llx-  rlinracleT  ami  monnm  suited 
I  to  ill  an  ca^y  (;radaliuii,  injiriher  with  a  cimnrxiMi  and  ryinpaihy,  «dl 


394 


rotlTICAI,  SBHIU. 


bir  Ml  Ilin>ut[1i  all  llie  vallia  or  IHe,  rroin  the  palace  to  the  cotUgtr :  so 
Biiui  will  be  so  iudr pendent  u  to  prcwinie  ta  act  the  tyrnnt,  and  few 
Kill  Im  m  depcmdent  ott  to  be  ctUDplatety  Mrnl*  asd  il))Wt. 

"  Id  a  i^Mem  of  ikis  bind,  where  r«lBlk»a  asd  dcpaodencia  arr  all 
■mil  Irtml  ud  eatabtiabed,  Ibe  dvlira  which  one  mnn  owm  to  anothrr 
vill  ba  batter  pnwtlaed  than  where  nil  ia  dbcoiiDacted  and  di^ointitL 
tRUMam  win  ceaae  to  be  in(«iTiprr«ie.  fcrocMiit,  and  tnquiiiioriah  and 
die  obadJMea  of  tb«  ppopk  will  br  prompt  and  cbccrfiil  hi  proportioa 
H  (beir  inlereata  ate  cmauitcd,  lh«ir  pnJDdiocs  indulged,  and  tlnir 
oj>iiii«ua  respected,  iTnot  altogrthi^r  atiriiiHJ. 

"  To  ymi,  mj  lard,  the  merit  of  opening  Mch  ikir  ai>d  flaltcring 
proap«iCt^  in  n  great  degrtre,  bclongii;  and  a*  tbty  tncr«tt«  aad  ripvn, 
your  gtory<  Bnd  tbe  grnlitnde  of  jour  countrymi-n,  will  in  create  to- 
gether. 

"  Thomas  Bdauciiiall,  Ciainnam, 
JouN  SwBiTMAM,  Seemarjr" 


To  wbkb  bh  lordahip  was  pinucd  (o  return  the  fbllowing  aniwer: 

"  (leMTi.EUKM, — I  tun  truly  thunkful  (u  you  lur  Tour 
aiklrcas.  You  liuve  placed  Die  iu  (he  liluaiion  in  which  I  an  Boat 
proud  to  stand,  by  conn««litif>  lui^  with  ihfr  «kvnioiti  of  aiy  family;  and 
yoa  have  touched  the  master  fvcliuj,'  »(  tny  hcarl,  by  hoDOvriag  that 
integrity,  and  tbow  lalenu  which  are  unhappily  lout  to  yoar  eaaat  and 
to  tliat  of  tbe  pablic.  You  olate  llio  opinion*  and  eoadaet  of  my  kala 
fatlirr  u]>oa  tlie  f^real  <)u«Mion  of  your  emaucipatiaDt  truly  aa  tter  wet*. 
Among*!  lliv  varioua  objccu  vbidi  engaged  bli  BlleMion  datrag  dw 
voune  of  n  long  pculiomcatary  life,  there  woa  BOtbing  wbiob  ba  ooa- 
Hflcrrd  to  iswctnial  to  the  pro^Mrily  of  Ireland,  a*  ihc  nnioii  of  aR  Iter 
ifihabilanti.  Ho  had  bMn  tangbt,  by  hi*  experience  and  otecrvalkm, 
that  the  miilbrtunr*  of  bu  ooontiy  had  prrocerdnl  IVobi  her  political 
diaMOHona.  He  had,  then-fort-,  turned  bia  nllMitinn  lo  the  absolute 
naccmty  of  braling  tboae  aninMailics,  and  of  rrpcaling  tbat  &tal  ay 
teoi  of  iiiw«,  in  wbkb  be  aaw  notliin^  but  Dationul  calamity ;  in  whii 
lie  baa  bcMi  able  to  trooe  ibe  ih-cay  of  arta,  agriculture,  and  manoi 
lur«a:  the  ruin  of  your  (.■oniDirrcv,  tbe  cXlitij;Diihmei)t  of  tbr  pa 
ntnd.  iba  opprtaaion  of  the  Catholic,  the  wcaluwM  of  the  Protmtani; 
and  iba  d(>gradatioa  of  both. 

**  Inprened  with  this  conviction,  he  waa  the  nntfona  and  naloDa 
aaaartar  of  your  rigbu  for  a  periml  of  more  than  thirty  year^  He  baa 
beqaaUhed  roe  hia  opinion*  and  hia  e:tani|>lcs  and  I  ehcnali  ihmi  aa  ibc 
anoal  valaed  part  of  my  Itihcrilaiicr.  Von  haie  a(lo|>lrd  my  family  aad 
mywlf  aa  your  herrdibary  advoontea.  It  ia  ibe  |x>»l  of  honour,  and  w« 
will  iiul  deaorl  il.  We  will  cootinuc  to  support  yon  in  whatuver  ailoa* 
tioa  yoa  may  be  plaei:d,  Diiaiiracted  by  the  babion  aa  annarptd  by  tbe 
pn-judice  of  the  niumcut.  We  will  aaaert  the  jaatlce  of  jour  ctainaf 
wlielbrr  you  are  digalfted  again  by  royal  rccomniendatioa,  or  dri*«n 
aaeond  time  from  tlie  deora  of  tbe  parliament. 

"  When  I  aupportcd  your  bill  in  1793,  it  waa  *  not  for  the  privileges 
only  which  it  confrrrc^l,  but  for  ibc  principle  wbicb  il  citaliliBbcd, — a 
gmwiiig  prinirifiie  of  It^itimale  ctoiin  ou  tbe  one  baixl,  and  liberal 
rviK-cMbn  oi  the  olhcr.'     I  aould  have  frei'l)  gtTrn  you  every  (^ 


ticai     : 

fut« 

i 


M 


pHHn] 


niCIIAltP,  lAHL  or  OOVOUGHUORB. 


SS5 


at  tl»t  iiMMiirni,  for  yuu  know  tnjr  priueifiU^  baa  ever  been  KCDVrml  roiii> 
prvhcnsion.  It  canuol  be  more  my  r«eliDg  now  llian  it  has  cvei  bcm 
•inoe  tbe  claim*  or  the  Cktbotic  body  liave  bc);uD  to  &wak«u  lite  public 
mind.  Bui  to  tbow  who  resisted  in  Lbe  oulaet.  or  trlio  Ix^taied  m  tbey 
mlranced  in  tii«  gmU  work  of  your  mdopdon  into  the  itale ;  U>  aucb  I 
N'ottid  urge  what  th*y  bave  |;ivpn  alreoriy,  at  the  lumt  earnest  lo  ilw 
Cntliolic  of  that  whidi  feiDoiiu  bchimt ;  to  them  I  wxitild  invnttr,  tliat 
Hi*  lictory  of  1793,  iriiieb  gave  vou  tlio  frnnciiiix',  has  insured  all  you 
daim  now,  as  incltiiled  ia  Dm  same  [lolitical  rijuity,  us  a  liiik  or  the  nm« 
grcnt  nntional  chain.  '  li  i*  rnin  to  imo^nn  that  iiiliiilwifni  1»  th«  dee* 
live  Erauchiso  doa  not  dtav  with  it  the  right  of  ropresoitation,  for  upon 
what  grwad  cao  it  ba  said,  that  mn  ara  fit  to  b«  eleetors,  and  unHt  to 
be  VMCied,  and  giving  ttipm  a  snl  in  one  bnase,  apon  wbtU  principle 
ran  it  be  rcToMHl  to  tfaoin  in  thr  otlter>  The  next  sl«:p  to  the  offices  of 
civil  and  military  puircr  inevitably  followt:  for  it  cannot  be  Mid  tbal 
m«a  who  are  allowed  to  be  qualified  for  lepilaiiun  are  unfit  to  be 
Inistcd  with  the  execution  of  tfaose  laws  whidi  they  join  in  forming.' 

"  I  adept  the  argament  of  the  ablcH  of  your  appiHiinits,  though  1 
Rjoioe  that  we  bam  eSratiiallj  rarirtcd  the  ooboIimmmi  which  lie  woahl 
Im*»  dmra  i  nd  I  Mppott  y«ur  eonfletb  ccBaMipaiioa  now.  as  tlio 
ncBiMiiiy  wwgtwnco  of  the  privilegea  of  1793 :  to  etowo  tlist  $ytbm 
of  j«tl«e  and  orKbenlity,  which  has  nearly  united  oi  into  oim>  people; 
~^o  sirengllien  the  Protestant  caste  by  quietiog  the  Catholic  mind ; — 
lo  shut  up,  till  time  shall  be  no  more,  every  angry  dlscunilon  ;— 4o  make 
every  mait,  >erilj'  and  indeed,  a  ncighboar  to  liW  feOow-citiien }— aad 
to  wcue  to  the  )tate  the  allegiance  of  every  mtinbef  of  the  communily. 
by  giving  to  all  tliose  motirv*  to  action  which  influence  all  mnokind, 
— tlicir  own  intorat  and  faappinev. 

"  Bat  we  are  told  by  those  who  would  vpsratc  the  body  of  yoar 
people  frera  Hiom  wbo  have  led  llien  on  to  the  rank  they  oow  bold  as 
Kgenerated  members  of  a  tnc  Uate,  that  they  an  atrvady  in  fiill  pas- 
•esokiD  of  all  that  iras  iniereating  to  the  Catholic  eoonBunity ; — that  this 
is  the  qucstioo  of  your  arittoeniej  ;  and  that  the  people  I>m.'I  that  tliey 
liave  oMhlag  embarked  In  tlie  erent  «t  the  eoaiost.  But  shut  your 
iara  agiriBat  inch  aigamenis  as  tend  oalf  lo  weakasi  and  to  dboniie.  I 
WH  jron  yoo  are  all  intcresled  alike,  from  the  peer  to  the  iieasanC  Givu 
the  enemies  of  yoor  emancipation  but  the  principle  of  one  eseliuioii 
upon  whkh  to  take  their  itand,  and  the  whole  fabric  of  your  libertios 
win  MUM-  to  its  foaoiUtioa. 

*■  It  is  not,  therefore,  so  mueh  for  tho  valoc  of  what  remains  to  be 
given,  which  to  the  Proiesiaut  ts  nothhi^  >s  Hamat  the  ptiociple  of  the 
exc^Nion,  which  may  be  every  ihing  to  the  Catbolio.  It  is  oot  only 
that  yoar  property  and  talent*  may  be  excluded  (ram  that  padiamaM, 
to  whieh  you  bate  regained  your  oonstitutiuna)  ptivile^r  ol'  Lccotnlog 
cleetont;  it  is  not  only  ihsl  your  ancient  nubility  aisy  nut  be  ihruri  dam 
tha  aeBiB  at  their  lbreAlli<Ts ; — it  is  not  tl»e  odmissMKi  into  tho  fov  «x- 
caplad  oAeas  of  the  rtate  fur  which  yoe  are  contending  at  the  preaeol 
nsoiaWit>— St  is  for  the  sorvrlly  nf  alt  your  nc()uisltbMis  of  the  last  seven* 
toon  years,  witbni  whicli  aaii>icMnis  pvriud  yoa  have  beeosnc  freemen^ 
and  Ireland  an  (ndepcMlent  nation.  Yo«  are  oonUvdiag  tgahist  that 
spirit  uf  ciHusJon,  whieh  if  )-ou  are  not  nahled  to  naiM  irilh  nroaoii 
and  wMli  cA-cl  in  its  futUat  citenl,  yoa  arc  entitled  lo  ni>  |iolitioal  ca- 


•N 


POLITICAL  SMIlt*. 


(S 


|i*cily'whaboevcT:  llial  spirit  vf  exelimon  aliicli  muat  be  diEllnl  itowa 
in  die  Bcknowledgttl  jinlice  ot  your  claim*,  ofwniog  wide  tlie  arau  wf 
Uic  fef;i>Jaiure  to  embnee  all  the  ini>inbrr*  nT  tfac  ■tale,  or  it  vill  rn» 
B]>«iiist  j-ou  in  lOnie  more  quMlionabk  sliapc ;  nnd  ilie  MUue  principle 
uiuv  re^lain  in  oUier  limes  jonr  glorloiu  ooquixitions  of  1793,  vhiefa 
Iroulil  DOW  witbhoM  the  remnant  orprivilecc  tfaat  i«  IcfL 

"  But  wbktever  fbapc  it  nuiy  mmaatt,  I  will  «pcak  U>  tbe  iroaUbd 
Hpiril  in  the  firm  tons  of  triitli  and  of  cMMbiency.  I  will  ti|)lioM  1^ 
rtral  iotercutt  oT  tbe  Pratortant  communitr  aj^ort  tbc  prrjudioM  of  iIm 
r«,  for  we  hare  »rpD  a  new  light,  and  tlic  mist  of  error  b  diaaolvtng 
away  apace.  To  ibc  Catholic  1  iic<.-d  nut  prcacli  pati«i>ce  and  nodcr*- 
lion,  for  I  remember  tli<!  mcrila  and  tlie  suirtriiif,-s  of  a  eentury :  bi* 
daliful  obedirnce  to  tli«  law,  liti  atfi^ciionate  loyally  to  tbe  kififr  aoil  bis 
MpcripncrJ  devotion  to  llic  conalilutioii  of  bb  couiitry. 

"  Hut  I  anticipate  your  succna.  1  see  it  in  tli4.-  justice  oT  jonr 
elainii,  in  ibc  linniicu  and  unanimity  of  tbe  Catbolic  body, — in  tbc 
zrnl  and  tht-  rlo<)ucncc  of  ilioic  wlio  are  its  conductors,— in  tlie  g«nvral 
cnncDrnrncc  of  jour  ftMeataul  brethren, — Jo  ili«  distinguishing  pro- 
pcDuty  of  Ibc  royal  mind  to  abrogate  prnaltie*,  and  to  confer  privQegrs 
upon  all  hid  nubjecla, — in  (lie  exigency  of  Un  timet,  and  tbe  neocMity 
of  unilinf;  tlie  nation  in  a  moment  awfiil  aa  the  present, — in  llie  ener^Ey 
of  your  great  tupporter, — in  tbote  gigantic  lalcnls,  before  whieb  reabt- 
aiioc  retiree,  and  diRiculiies  lanblt  into  air. — in  that  eiithn«ia*m  which 
led  ui  on  (o  honour  nad  independence, — that  spirit  of  peace,  wliieli 
uvuld  coDciliale  oil  our  jarring  intercuts  and  unite  all  oar  pcopic. 

*'  UoHOt;«MMOItB." 


In  Norember,  1707,  bb  lordiJiip  wan  crrnird  Vi*couot  Soinlotr,  aad 
iu  1800  was  odvaiiceil  to  the  dignity  of  an  rarldmn.  Hu  condact  dar- 
ing the  ri^bcllioii  «a*  wine,  firm,  and  conciliating.  On  tbc  (ilh  of  Jane, 
IHIO,  Lord  Doooiiglimorc.  in  hu  jAacr  in  the  t>ou*r  of  lords,  mpporteil 
Ibc  Irish  CathuJic  pi-titioii  for  relief  friMU  iliubitilia  in  a  very  able 
speech.  *'  Where  is  (here  now,"  he  aakMla  *'  any  insolent  pretender  lo 
the  Britisli  crown  ?  Is  tliere  a  KrftUi  M^cct  who  doca  not  kiMW  antl 
licl  vilii  ronM'ioiik  security,  that  it  i«  irrevocably  seated  oD  tbe  farows 
of  hu  majesty'*  illustrious  hoUMi  r  Where  are  «e  now  to  find  the  pril»> 
ciple  of  that  fomiidable  eonfrdrniry  uiib  which  <iur  aneeslOH  had  lo 
contend ;  tile  asacrlion  of  tbe  rights  of  exited  roj  ally,  and  tlie  repuiii* 
lUcd  Calliulic  faitb  ?  Where  arc  now  (be  tbuiideTs  of  the  ontv  M- 
powerful  head  of  tbat  church,  with  which  he  was  accustuiDcd  lo  sliak« 
Ibc  monarch  on  his  throne,  and  to  conruUc  tbc  Chrintian  woriil?  If 
all  these  dangers  have  so  entirely  c<wsnl,  that  for  (he  proof  of  tlicir  ••cr 
baving  had  any  existence  at  any  period  we  can  only  look  lo  the  bistiwy 
of  timca  long  gone  by— I  call  upon  IIiom.-  wIio  still  cling  to  tboac  cx- 
dmiOM  whldi  ibey  «an  no  longer  defend,  for  one  jintiBiUile  aigumrat, 
one  plea  of  even  colouraUo  cajmliency,  for  the  con^nuanec  of  tbcM 
degrading  badge*  of  diilinction  mi  ihb  impoitaiit  claai  of  our  comRtu* 
■lily, — ounicroas,  loyal*  and  rnorgetic."  After  a  powerful  and  detailed 
rouric  of  reasoning,  to  prove  tlw  justice  and  nceoaity  of  granting  tbe 
relief  for  aliich  (lie  |ic(ilioDi-r*  prajvd,  lli«  noble  corl  thus  concluded: 
—"  What  is  i(  uf  which  I  eoinpUiii  on  the  part  of  his  ntajeaty's  Calbn* 
Iw  subjeota  i  an  injurious  aysiem  of  laws,  tefueing  «|ual  bcncils,  and 


V»M>) 


■ICHAltD,  SARL  OV  IWIfOVOIIMOIlB. 


Mr 


iBi)>ONiig  iiTHqual  lYniruntK.  And  wiiat  do  I  dMBud  on  Ihdr  bchnir? 
An  fx«inp(ifia  frnan  natqnal  rtairicdoD ;  Uie  eqoymnt  of  tbcir  binb- 
ti^ht  SI.  citiitfii  afa  frcD  niair:  nnd  a  Tall  »ai  eooiptete  paiticipatioa  in 
cw-ry  lighl,  prtvilegt,  aai  imniuniiy  of  thfi  BritJitli  coMiilution.  Like 
Itic  ()iuliiy  ot  thai  cndnriMg  kiirihuir  of  OnuiipoUint  puncr,  your 
iiwruful  iliipcimtiott*  wDold  be  twice  lilcwnl,  in  liiin  thai  K'*'^  "u*' 
liim  that  taluM;  in  the  delivcruiDa  of  j-our  (nrnncfaiiiHl  C«ilioltc  nil- 
lioni  froia  uniiMritMl  ImuLt  and  dt^niUtioo,  aDil  in  ibe  incn-aaed  and 
UBiured  >c«uriiy  nt  the  Prulntuit  «ta(c :  pi^wolii^  to  every  iiuolriil 
tiirnace  of  the  implacabb!  foi:  to  ihi-  Bnti«h  aainc  ami  grcataeu  a  wall 
uf  adamniit,  in  the  anoooqucrablc  enei^e*  of  im  united  piH>pleL"  On 
llie  £Uili  of  A|tril.  1813.  Ii«  again  prtsMinted  the  gcneml  petition  of  tlic 
Irish  Catholic*,  on  whicti  ooeaslon  be  made  a  mott  rloqutnt  and  in- 
prcuirr  ap|>cal  to  ibe  jiulic*  and  policy  of  their  kwdUitp* :— "  Simple 
and  unn>inplicatrd  in  all  it*  native  dijfiiity  aail  importance."  cxclaimrd 
ibc  noble  lord,  "  the  o«uw  of  your  Catltolio  fnlii>w-«ubj««li  u<i«  op. 
pruacbi-*  your  lordiliips.  The  known  KfDoval  of  that  obuacle  wbicb 
had  to  h>[if;  iiood  in  (lie  way  of  it*  MOOnplisfaBMb  IwvM  wmj  HMD  at 
ltb«^y  to  tnke  up  (hi;  i|u«Miou  now  oo  lu  oitD  pMMliar  groiUMb.  And 
ihoM^h  thara  should  be  tome  huia  deviation  fron  fiDrmH'  opinioiw  and 
fanatr  votM^  no  one  need  be  whsmed  of  mieh  a  change  of  »euiinicrii, 
or  of  ivming.  however  late,  ool  of  the  road  in  wkiob  lie  hu  bCMi  trav- 
elling too  long  into  that  path  wbid)  lead*  to  nalioiial  eoaeiiutiui  «ud 
national  Mrengtb."— "  Uanog  at  all  time*,  whenever  it  bw  hllw  to  fay 
lot  to  addreaa  your  lordabipa  on  ihia  subject,  put  the  qiMMion  on  the 
mnag  ground  of  e«BMJt«lHMi  right.  I  will  not  now  degrade  iU  mag- 
Bitiida  Hid  importuee  hf  oandMecndJoK  to  enter  into  a  detailed  con> 
aidcralion  of  Ihi.-  particular  impolicy  and  mif  hid*  of  each  exiiting  di>- 
ability,  or  to  ar^l»e  every  »cpamte  bead  of  etduiion  u»  a  distinct  griev. 
anee  in  itadf  on  it*  own  peculiar  conililulional  duDerit*.  It  i*  the  prin- 
ciple of  exc4asion  igainsl  which  1  rwi^e  my  voice,  that  iniociple  which 
would  draw  a  line  cj  perpLtuul  demarcation  belwceu  tlic  vitiieui  of  the 
>amc  ounuBonwraltb.  the  mbjects  of  the  oanie  ktnft,  whidi  would  brand 
upon  the  foreheads  of  our  Catholic  couniryineo  ilie  bal  iiBpulalkxi  of 
ttBMMjred  fidflity  to  the  pureut  lUte.  which  would  daim  for  llie  Pm- 
URiBt  iMin  of  the  coniniunity  iIh-  Briliih  euiiittilulioe  u  titeir  exclusive 
Inbtriiaacef  and  rut  up  by  the  roots  every  pratpect  of  uhiiliig  tbow 
caaBhitiag  iBtoreata  by  that  ooaplele  and  mmTuI  adjuanent  which  can 
be  expected  to  atand  on  no  rouwiatiOB  Icn  Ann  than  tbb,— 41m  eq)oy- 
roeiil  of  the  (lunG  iNHviitulioonl  ptirlkvci^  Uie  aekaowlei^iaaat  of  Uie 
tame  eowtilnlMMial  righta."— ^'  On  tlie  act  of  1793  I  Inkv  lay  Mud, 
containing,  aa  it  doea,  n  Uwg  ntatogae  of  ^rievou*  diMbitiii**,  I  pro- 
dure  it  10  your  lar<bhip«  a«  ■utNeieut  (vnlcncc  to  prove  the  oaa*  o(  aiy 
Catholic  connlryaien,  in  the  ciietenoe  uf  ihoM-  odauona  fron  eoaui* 
lutioaal  privtlegn,  tin  refaoval  of  which  i»  the  ground  i>f  their  preaant 
appeal  to  the  jaailcv  aad  wlodom  of  tbia  hoato.  I  produce  tha  aaaic 
Matuto  to  yoar  lortbhipik  ■•  a  Doel  iinportani  <lucunM-ni  in  favour  of 
the  peiitioaer'a  elunu  in  anoikee  pijiiit  of  *!««;  inMMDoli  a*,  by  l^ 
great  (tapoeunce  of  the  itriviltgn  which  it  rcotonv^  it  enaeta  the  nuM 
autbcntta  proof  of  the  coniirtion  of  the  IcRiilaturei  tltat  that  clow  of 
perMMw  on  w  horn  it  had  conferred  already  m  grvat  a  portion  of  pobtioal 
powar,  were  wunhy  of  perfect  and  complete  ooafidetice  a*  ni«nibor«  of 
VII.  S  V 


VOLITWAI.  *UIIX». 


ncvnp      ^^^ 


the  Prototwt  «Ulr.  On  Oat  feswlMiaa.  m  sUjr  mi  m  bnadtf  hod 
[in  tbe  MUanBan-liLe  ukd  wriglity  igawuK  of  a  boUb  SMqaaH  (W«l- 
[fcaky)  on  »  Uu  otxatiam,  I  by  the  cancf^Moae  of  07  aiyiwiwU  1 
[Mf  viUi  him,  UMteMff  rMniot.  ewriiidisg  a  pvticolir  dcMnptiaa  e( 
t  tlw  mbjecU  of  utf  t(Me  Irmi  ibe  ayvrnrai  of  adnstagtw  poMOMd 
'  tlie  coHiiMtiui7.  b  ia  fMlf  s  pMili»  rviL~  Adtcrtiw  to  ■■  ob- 
r  »Ucli  hMl  faBco  oa  c  mcent  oewrioo  &on  oae  of  his  maja»- 
I  nialmn  (Lord  Malgf«T«)  who  had  nid.  Uwl  akhongfa  tke  Cb- 
bad  dedind  they  would  be  utaGrd  viih  tlw  coowiooi  of 
S,  (key  ■gain  csimv  tike  the  br^xv  in  (jil  Bios.  aikiBg  aln*  with  m 
I  piatxA  poiutod  to  tbsir  )ord«hipa'  bnaiti,  Lotd  DonoaghHMre  iodifBuitlT 
'  uked.  "  An  my  Catholic  coanttriDini  theo  to  be  ckancMriicd  a*  brg- 
gan  by  hi*  nytrtjV  mild.  eocdlUciii^,  and  taapmt*  miniate  n?  It 
Kiry  are  b^gnn.  wbo  ntadi-  tti<->ii  *o  f  They  hare,  nnbappily.  had  tbn 
fuJ  beneAta  of  yonr  ioilnictioa  and  fraternity  (or  the  lost  six  hundwd 
ycnn.  Yon  complain  of  your  own  BCb.  It  oas  your  ovo  bttrbniniMg 
code  nhicli  forcibly  wrv*l»d  from  the  Catholic  the  coiutitutioa  of  bia 
eoaatfy.  hi*  inheritance  and  binhr^tt,  which  tnndc  him.  a»  it  w«*r,  an 
aliea  in  Ua  tta^f*  laod.  It  wa*  the  all-devoaring  apirit  of  your  eoa»- 
merdal  tnonopoly  whicli  (tripped  my  eotintrymen  of  Uicir  manalaciMiaa, 
Ibejr  ooBimcTce,  and  Ibrir  induftry.  It  wn  yoar  ttuatiate  lart  of 
power  that  degraded  tbe  pariioment  and  the  natton  by  the  arrggwW  as. 
(iimplioa  of  binding  by  your  law*  anoihee  Irgblatare  a«  indrprndcat  aa 
your  own-  Bat  when,  and  under  what  circunaianiy^  did  tbe  Catbo- 
lie,  and  Ibe  Pn>te«4ant,  and  the  pariiamrot,  r««Uim  and  recoT«r  their 
in*adcd  right?  In  timen  of  Britbfa  wealmc**  and  apprehcnaioa.  Wbaa 
did  ih(M!  inraaiont  of  tbeir  rigliU  bU  npoa  my  covntrymcn  with  tba 
greatMl  weight  P  lo  the  m<M  triumphant  moaieote  of  Bnti»h  atnaf|tb. 
prWci  aad  protprrity.  Undre  *ucb  impreaiiona  aa  these,  1  Ceel  U  to  be 
my  boaadta  duly,  eonieally  10  recommend  to  yoar  lordahlpe'  peaipt 
uid  Ihvoarable  contideralMMi,  the  manifold  grievancei  of  your  Cntbalia 
fellow -AuhjeetB.  wlitlH  the  grant  may  still  preaerve  Mfoewliat  of  the 
dignity  and  the  i^race  of  nnlbrced  conoMaioo."  Tbe  dimppoinUnent  of 
the  npeetatioD*  whicIi  Ibr  Cnilmltcs  Ibanded  on  tbe  presuuxd  fitvonr* 
nUe  opinion  toward*  them  of  bn  pneint  m^esty.  then  nrcendy  inreaWd 
with  fho  regency,  Lord  Danoiighmore  llins  elegantly  dacribed : — **  To 
tin  event  liaeo  my  CaUiolic  conntrymea  ever  IooIimI  with  mi  mocb  ma- 
Rdent  and  aailoii*  hope  aa  to  that  aoapleious  moment,  when,  in  the  fid* 
ntM  of  time,  the  present  hair^pparent  lo  lli«  crowo,  ihoold  amaake  tbe 
gnvenimcnt  of  iheM  hie  milmf.  In  him,  they  thoaght  they  saw  (be 
nietaenger  of  pvaoo  with  knalbig  on  hb  wing,  the  proaiiacd  gaaniba  of 
the  people'*  r^hla.^^f  the  foeMBUd  discord  of  his  riiili<.T'>  Iritb  tab- 
ji-eU  the  indlgnniit  itpecutor,  of  tbeir  faHereM*  tbe  avowtd  and  mboa 
DMertor,  lo  (aiholic  privilege  an  amnred  and  plighted  friend.  WlHa 
Ihf  eaerrite  xf  tho  executive  faaetlom  waa  suspended,  ftir  the  Bni  timi^ 
hy  the  aaoM  awfiil  viuiatimi,  leebnd  sueeeaiAilly  walntalned  iIil-  mnan 
fit  the  priorp,  not  e^unJIy  iHumpliant  In  this  more  Etvoared  miioot 
DOfnmilling  to  him.  tbi?  Ii-^ili >>>■■''  bi-ir  10  all  llie  royal  a«tharille«,  ihr 
ad  mi  II  ill  ration  of  hia  own  inbi-ritinco,  until  miirning  bealih  should  n>. 
slor*  hi*  sceptre  to  lh4>  tufTrriiig  king.  Tbe  heart  of  the  illuUrioua 
prraon  <>vcrllow<-d  « iili  nfTrcliaaarc  and  jiiot  fei'linga ;  and  my  conMing 
eoiiftlryn»en  fondly  truMod  tlial  Ibey  had  bound  xheir  flilnrv  moaarefe. 


I 


r 

r 


PnioD.) 


RtCnARO)  BARL  OF  DOKOUCMMOaE. 


380 


tliMH  bjr  •  double  tj«.  How  taugiiiue  uvrc  Uidr  kaptt !  How  ttraag 
ami  fimly-rooM  tho  fouDcUiioo*  on  wliicli  tlicf  wemcd  lo  ttm  t  But 
tl^jr  arts  gotie, — blwled  at  ibe  ntoruetil  of  full  malurity ;  and  io^iead  of 
tiiat  rich  and  abumlant  banvM  of  nnitonal  union  and  procperitf  »hicli 
VIC  wen:  pmparMi  to  gather,  a>  th«  firat-fruila  of  tho  proraiiwd  eoocilin- 
tiufi  of  tli«  iiluatrioua  p*!n>on.  the  •liarpcnrd  rdgn  of  a  iluinbt'riiig  iita- 
(nte  irliicb  had  ncTcr  been  aurakcucil  bcfuiv  fnr  ibc  annoj-niict:  of  thft 
people,  called  far  tba  firu  lime  into  roischievoat  aeLivily,  and  turned 
asainut  the  Callialic«,  aMvmUed  for  the  lavfiil  purpoae  of  remoiintratiiif; 
for  the  redrcs*  of  grievance*;  and  iboae  (lc»fii-rat«  men  who  darvd  ihu* 
to  intercept,  in  their  conttilutional  and  k^jitiniaie  progreM  lo  the  par* 
liaxncnt  ud  to  tli«  throne,  the  pelilioof  of  aa  oppreaied  oomiauDtty  of 
lour  million*  of  their  folio w-*ubj«vt«,  oonflnned  in  lh«  full  posteation  of 
all  llicir  former  power,  in  the  full  ricrciix)  of  all  their  fbrntcr  iololrr- 
anw,  a*  the  miniMers  of  hb  own  peculiar  choice,  l>y  the  fir»t  act  of  ibf 
unlimitiil  rt(tunt." — "  The  utnifi^len  have  drawn,  aa  it  were,  a  langic 
eitirlu  round  (hv  ihroDe,  into  wbioh  none  are  permitted  to  enter  on  whom 
the  confidence  of  the  illattrioax  pcr>on  hw-becn  accustomed  in  rrpo**. 
Withti)  ita  range  ihv  nrlUicera  of  muehiel  havn  not  ccatdi  lo  work  with 
loo  aucocsi/ul  ioduUry.  What  pbantonu  have  they  not  conjured  up 
10  warp  the  judsmvui,  L-iciic  the  CrcUngw,  and  appal  the  finnueuof  ihi; 
royal  nlnd  I  Bui  tfaoufili  ibc  evil  geniua  nlxrakl  aawaoe  a  luilrcd,  nay, 
niora  thm  MoUe  form,  the  Minted  mpeot  Khicli  political  bigotry  ddigbla 
In  wear,  or  the  lineaxnenta  of  thai  uifler  k-i  nhich  tir*t  beguiled  man 
to  hii  dratrvction,  though  lo  the  nliuienirnti  of  CalypMa  court  were 
joined  tbc  magic  and  the  channa  of  that  matured  cDchanlrea*;  ahonld 
the  rpirit  of  darkona  ulw  tbc  human  aliape.  and,  i««tug  fbrtli  Inai  Ott 
lamott  receaaea  of  tbe  gaming-lioaM  and  llio  bruihd,  praume  lo  place 
iuelf  near  the  royal  Mr;  what  though  the  potent  ipril  ahould  not  liavn 
workctl  in  vain,  and  that  the  boaah;d  rrcanlaiion  of  all  citcumbaring 
prcpoucHion*  and  incotivcntrnt  prrjinllcrs  had  already  tuarkctl  Uic  tri- 
umph of  ila  ootinc;  though  from  (he  royal  liile  Ibcy  should  bare  lorn 
the  cIioMit  frirnd  of  hi*  yoath,  and  faitfaful  countdlor  of  hi*  malurer 
year*,  the  booit  of  hb  onn  galbnt  profcMion,  the  pride^  tbe  hope,  tlic 
relbge  of  my  diUradMl  country,  and  a  high  and  conapicaou*  omaniGnt 
of  your*;  though  ibey  should  have  banivbcd  from  tbc  royal  caondt* 
tateMB,  integrity,  honour,  and  liigh- minded  new  lite  hia,  and  should  faavo 
•dcctcd  for  the  illoitriou*  perton  an  a»ocialc  and  an  adriier  from 
'Change-alley  and  from  the  sicwi ;  thuu|ih  they  *liould  thu>  liarc  flllnl 
up  to  lis  full  mvu*ure  lite  diij^ii siting  ralaUigue  uf  Ihi-ir  cnumiitirs.  wa 
uinat  Mill  ding  to  the  foundenng  vcaad.  and  call  to  onr  aid  Ihoae  chor^ 
aelafiMlo  BriliBh  energiea  by  which  tbe  anoeaUwa  of  thoie  whom  1  have 
now  the  bonour  to  addrea*.  have  *o  oAen  and  to  noUy  aared  tbc  tink- 
ing  atate-" 

The  rmandpatioo  of  bia  Catholic  feUow-suliircU  wa*  the  great  ob- 
ject of  Lord  Doooughmore'*  polttkd  life  i  but  he  was  unifonuly  found 
(({■poaiiig  tbn  illiberal  policy  of  tha  ininialcrs  of  Ibe  day  on  other  tpiea- 
lion*  of  Importance,  tach  a*  the  *utpca**ofi  of  the  Habeaa  Cttrpna  aci> 
tlt«  Iriali  grand  jury  prewntmrata  bUl.  and  the  Sedilioua  n»ert>nga  bill. 

On  tbc  IDth  of  July,  1831.  he  wa*  created  a  peer  of  tbe  UoitMl 
Kingdom  by  tlic  lUle  of  Viaoount  llulchinioii.  At  the  opening  of  lh« 
Ktaiua  of  t&J'>,   hi*   InnUhip,  tliougli  nuw    in  a   vi-ry    fii'ble  itate  uf 


S40 


fOLlTIC4L  tKRiea. 


[Mnnw 


Iiraltli,  hut^Mtl  ID  Laadon  lo  prawni  once  nwn  Um  politloa  of  tha 
Roman  Catliolim  of  IraUixl.     He  nw  afipririinl*  inaiiily  itntnunwHl  I 
in  briiif-irig  logctljer  llii-  sinly-ninr  pcprs,  whiur  rMoItitions  to  Mipport I 
lbi»  gn-at  mcuuro  of  pnNic  jiiilicc  nml  pn)i()r--U  cxpMtipncj'  nuilrrislijr 
baMONd  it*  coiuumnintioo.     H*  died  in  ibc  monlb  of  Auguit,  182&. 


€liav\ta,  fSavl  SUfjitUjortf). 


M«K  «■■>.   I7&4^~BIIII  A.l>.   l8S3i. 


This  nobleman  wm  of  an  anci«M  StafibrxUhirie  tamilv.  wlitch.  in 
beginiiiDg  of  lait  contucy,  Kan  rriirrM-nlnl  liy  Lord  Wiiilvronh.  »  dtp- 
Inmaliit  of  Mniir  celebrity.  He  «-a*  Ibe  i-klrrt  *oa  of  Sir  ('faari«« 
Wbitwonb,  who  wan  kniftblcd  in  I76H.  After  bavin);  hdd  a  connnn- 
■ion  in  lli«  Guunls  for  a  short  timu,  be  molrtMl  ou  trying  hit  fortwDc  in 
l>olitinU  liC-,  nod  obtained  tbe  aj^ialiBeat  of  pknipoleoliaTy  to  thf 
court  of  Stanialatts  Auguatua  of  Foland.  He  resided  two  yean  in 
FdAMli  aDer  whiob  tbe  scene  of  hla  diplofiiacy  nas  InuMfrrred  lo  St 
Petenbarg,  nbctf  be  aequittrd  hin»*elf  with  consid^rnMc  drxieriCy. 
On  hii  riTtiiRi  Id  I'^ujflnnd  in  1600,  br  vai  prralrd  an  Iruh  p«;cr  by  |Ae 
title  of  Baron  WliitKurlii  of  Newport  (Volt  io  Gnlway. 

Hi*  next  miiODOin  wa«  to  Copenhagen.  Towardn  the  Utter  end  oT 
1803  Iw  went  to  Pari*  n«  umbouador  extraordinary ;  but  demanded  fail 
IMMport*  on  the  IStfa  of  May  in  tlie  fellowing  year.  On  the  )4ih  of 
June,  1SI4,  be  wat  creued  a  (icer  or  Great  Britain  by  the  title  of 
Vijooant  Whitworth  of  Adbaston  in  Stafford,  and  in  the  folk>wtng  yesr 
was  ntoed  to  the  drj^iiy  of  an  tari.  llv  *a<yM>cded  ibe  duke  of  Kloli- 
mood  ■•  viceroy  of  Irvland  in  IHI4:  but  nrtignnl  In  1617. 

E*ri  Whilworth  died  on  lh«  I3ih  of  May,  1625. 


1 

4 


^i-  idiitoiO  <?r()tcrloiii). 

MMH  A.».  %1ie. PtCO  «.  O.   IBU. 

This  diMinguifhed  otfioer  WMit  out  lo  India  m  a  eaih-t  in  ibv 
y«tr  1776.  His  flnt  campaign  **a  made  under  Bit  Ryn-  I'ooir.  Hi* 
mltaDiry  and  good  coDiloctprocnred  him  iteady  and  early  aJvaooement. 
uBiacdiBtely  all^r  tlic  decwJie  battle  of  Ddbi  be  was  aominated  earay. 
or  BritMb  midrnt,  at  the  Sbnli's  coart. 

In  January,  1812,  fap  reeoived  a  colonetry;  and  on  the  4th  of  Jott*. 
1814,  wai  ptWDoWd  to  ibo  rank  of  m^or-gencral.  Hb  vigorous  aiMl 
lucnwrul  campaigD  a^inat  th«  Nrpaulesf,  in  1816,  procurtrd  hist  the 
thank*  of  the  Eaat  India  company,  and  a  Grand  orass  of  the  «(dcr  of 
lh«  Bath. 

On  the  I4tb  of  Janaafy,  Idt7,  tlie  G«i«ne  bon  the  Ibllnwiag  ^ 
nounoement  reUtive  to  Sir  Datid :  "  His  royal  highocs*  the  priaea 
rsjgent,  In  tiie  name  and  oa  tbo  behalf  of  lib  majntty,  taking  into  oob- 
■dsniioa  the  hi)ihIy-diaUngaMMd  scrvicM  Tradcred  by  Sir  David  Och- 
isfloay.  Bart.,  a  oi^r-genenl  la  Ike  army  in  the  Rast  Indies,  mmI 
knight  Graad  cross  of  the  moM  boaourable  tniUtar>'  urdvr  of  tlic  Bath, 


« 


raalOP-] 


KIK  tlAVlO  OCMTUlLOXy. 


Sll 


on  ilircn  importtuil  iiccuiaBs,  during  a  period  of  lliirty-ainc  }'cara,  psr- 
lifubrly  in  the  courK  of  thotc  iirduou*  oprrnlioni  of  ilic  MthrnUa  wmr, 
•itiicli  coiiilaced  (o  ibc  dnciMive  vit-iory  KDiocd  by  ihi.-  Brilinh  furcc* 
uiidur  ilie  ctiiumiiad  of  lliv  late  General  Viacounl  Lake,  iu  Ihv  muaior- 
«hle  conflict  before  Drlbi,  on  (be  llih  S«pli^i»brr,  1803;  to  lli«  coii- 
•rqucnt  turrcnJiT  of  tlial  capitoJ :  and  to  Ihi-  ri-ftloration  of  his  nuynty. 
Shah  Alum,  lo  tli«  tbrane  of  hit  aDCrntore ;  n«  id*o  the  proof*  orwladoiu 
anit  military  tAlriil  nffordcd  by  thin  officer  iluriri);  thr  ^utiK'qiiPnt  deRinm 
of  till:  said  city  agaiunt  thp  H-boIr  ftirrr  of  Jnwunt  linn  Ilolkar;  hi* 
prudeiil  arr>i  11^(111  nit  ami  iliiposition  of  tl^:  comparativi-ty  frn-  Imopii 
omler  liia  ortk-fo :  hi*  judicionn  cmiiluct  at  «>  diHiciili  n  criiii.  in  the 
di»cliarf;«  of  tiir  high  and  important  function*  of  IWiliih  roiitcnt  at  ibt 
court  of  Delhi,  oombiiieii  with  his  ffnM  morKy  and  oninialiKl  penoaa] 
nritiMi*,  to  which  ir^re  chitlly  allribulcd  the  aafrly  of  Ibut  capital, 
and  of  the  pcnon  of  Sbah  Alum,  at  a  time  when  the  foisof  eiilirr  might 
liav«  pmvrd  highly  pKJvdicial  to  (b«  public  mlarMla  IB  Hiixlwlan: 
and  fuTtbcr,  thu  unremitting  leal,  fbrMight,  and  daciaion,  uanilri^ed  by 
■  he  Mid  major-general,  unilvr  circu  instance*  of  great  difficulty,  dgring 
the  late  conteM  «itb  Ibe  »tat«  of  Ni-paul,  eapcciully  ia  that  ncrie*  ot 
combined  raovementi.  during  the  algbts  of  ike  Utii  and  13<U  of  April, 
1815,  agalBit  the  fortifled  poaitloni  of  the  Gorkah  army  on  the  heighu 
of  Muliowa,  nthicb  led  to  (Jm-  eat^bbmenl  of  the  Bniiib  iroopa  on  that 
range  of  mountain',  theretofore  dMned  (o  be  impregnable :  to  Uui 
evociialiao  by  the  enemy  of  the  fortrcMe*  of  Mallown  and  Jylucli ;  to 
Ibc  dcftwt  and  (vrrendrr  of  Umar  Sing  Thappa,  ibe  obi«f  coaimaBder 
of  the  hostile  force ;  and  to  the  auccruful  and  gtwIoM  tcfnuaaiioii  of 
tbat  Ganipaiga ;  aikd,  lauly,  the  jtidgiuent,  peraevenace,  and  rigour, 
diaplayed  by  the  iMd  m^or-geaeral,  aa  comiDamler  of  the  Britiih  forees, 
ttfioti  the  renewal  of  the  ooBtc*!  vilh  the  aforeaaid  atate,  the  happy  ami 
irinmphani  retulta  of  which  bnve  liren  conaoltdaliid  by  a  trvsty  of  peatc 
between  the  Imt  Iiidiu  company  and  iIm-  ra^afa  of  Ni'paul,  bi^ly  bcoe- 
fifiaJ  to  the  ililemta  uf  the  Btiliih  empire  in  India: — lib  royal  bigli- 
nv**,  dcairoua,  in  addition  to  oilier  mark*  of  hia  royal  approbation)  of 
connMOMrating  the  ^hful  and  important  arrvices  of  the  aaid  inqor- 
gmanli  by  granting  unto  him  certain  anaonnl  augmcnbtioBi^  haa  been 
plBWad  to  give  aaJ  grant  hii  su^eaty'a  royal  lictiiM^  and  pcnnitaraa. 
that  be,  Um  aaid  Sir  Davwl  Ocbterlony,  and  his  doceodaDta,  may  bear 
to  iba  BTBiorial  enaigna  of  Ocbteriony  the  boooutable  aujiiavotntioiia 
foUowtng.  via. — ■  On  an  embattled  cbtef  two  bofitieta  in  aaltire.  tlie  uiic 
of  tJw  MahtstU  atatea.  inacribed  IMhi,  the  Other  of  the  atale  of  Nrjiaul. 
inacrib<<l  Ncpaul,  Uu^  atavta  broken  and  cacircle<l  by  a  wnMh  at  lanrel.' 
with  ihia  nioito  (o  the  are**,  vib— ■  Pradatitia  ct  animot'  and  Iba  oroat 
of  honourable  augmentation  fUloiriog,  vis. — '  Uut  of  on  caalen  crown, 
iiMcribnl  Nepaul,  an  arm  iauiuit,  (lie  band  grwpinff  a  baton  of  com- 
mand eniwiiicil  by  en  olive  hnuieh  ;*  provided  the  aaid  anaoeial  eOMgnt 
be  firM  duly  excupliSed  ac«ocdin(;  to  the  lava  of  artiia,  oiharwiae  tbo 
•aid  royal  licvoie  to  be  void  and  of  none  ediKTt." 

In  1(417  lie  reccired  tbc  llianka  of  bulb  iKKise*  of  partiaranil  for  "  tba 
akill,  vatiMlr.  anil  peraevenuice  ili»|ilayrd  by  him  in  the  lulc  war  with 
Nepaul."  Ill  ll»'  MaliratU  and  I'indary  vara  of  1R17  and  1018.  Sir 
David  had  a  principal  comniand.     In  IHii^  br  wa>  intnntvil  with  ibe 


rOLITICAL  stBin. 


tKM 


superinUadence  of  the  aKura  of  Centi&l  India,  at  r»idcut  in  BJmIi 
and  fUjpDOtaDa. 

After  nrartr  fifty  jms'  serwiK  in  India,  Sir  DbtkI  dinl  ■!   Me 
in  July,  18^3,  *heo  on  Uw  ere  of  rmbariing  for  Engbad. 


Kobrrt,  loiD  C^tfTorTi. 

HMM  A.  B.  ITTS. — ana  a.  n.  ISM. 

This  rtntncul  lawyer  ww  the  aon  of  a  nwrclMat  in  Exeter.      H* 
wipMiUy  arlit^rd  to  an  aitornry,  but  catered  hiniM-lf  as  ■  atnaleM  at 
tlw  Hhldl<-  Ten>pl«  in  1900.  am)  in   1806  «m  callnl  to  the  hmr.     la. 
May.  1817,  he  became  mtkitor-gmrral,  nnd  tbgirilT  after  took  hh 
in  pariianetil  far  tbc  borovgii  of  Hyr.     In  July,  1819,  he  aai 
Sir  Samael  Shcpberd  a*  ationwv-griK'ral.     In  Uiu  •itnalion  Uw 
OM  duty  of  amiigiDg  tbc  Qacrn'*  trial  fiil  upoo  biin  end  ihe 
(irwral.  Sir  John  Copley.     He  fnaoagcd  liii  part  witti  firm 
modrmiion.     Tbe  foltowiof  i>  the  pcraratioo  of  liis  t^y  «lit<tfa 
pied  in  it*  drlimy  tbe  greater  pari  of  two  days : 

"lc«mrabilaleyDur  lordihipa  lint  I  bave  Juit  arrived  at  Ibe 
dtwiou  or  my  addn-w  lo  you :  becaaiv  I  am  sure  your  patienc*  i 
be  cxliauUid.  and  your  ailcntTOii  feligued.     My  lortU,  my  ilnljr  Im« 
fac«n  an  anxiuit*  one:  it  bas  b««n  to  bring  before  jour  lortkfaip*  tlw 
erkleoce  in  tlx:  ca>r.     I  have  uriclly  conSned  myirlf  to  thai  duty.     I 
iriHl  yoor  lord^ip*  «ill  at  letttt  acfiuit  oic  of  having,  is  lite  coofae  of 
my  oliMmtioiu.  natle  any  unneccMary  appeak  to  your  feeling  «r 
your  pauiooi.     I  hare  dune  tlisi  wfatcb  im  the  only  duty  yotir  lonl- 
*liip*  inpoaed  upon  aie,  and  «liidi  I  na*  anxious  Ui  ditcbargE  to  ibe 
li-»t  of  my  ability.     I  liar«  fairly  commentM),  a*  I  irual.  upon  tlwi  rvi- 
liriKc  produced.     Tliai,  my  lorJn,  woa  my  duty.     But  tl  »«enM  tbef*  ia 
anutbcr  code  of  duty  Tor  mIvocMm  of  Ibc  accuxed,  tliai  baji  jiiM   been 
diicovercd  by  my  lonrned  friend,  Mr  Brou);bun.      Tbe  duty  of  (bv 
advoeate  of  tlie  aeeiiaed  b  lo  proirrt  liia  cjietit  at  nil  liaiarda ;  nay, 
'  H'paniting  even,'  Mr  Brougham  Mya,  'tbc  duly  of  a  patriot  frora  tb«t 
of  an  adrocAte,  bo  must  go  on,  reckleM  of  ooaaequences,  if  hi*  EUi* 
rhiHild  unhappily  be  lo  intolrt:  lii>  country  in  confuaion  for  hit  client.' 
Sadi  is  the  leii  I  Vour  lonkliip*  have  bad  tbe  apcedna  far  a  eommrat. 
My  lorda,  vtliul  duty  oas  iropoM^I  upou  my  learned  friend*?     To  lay 
bt^iire  you  ibc  cue  uf  the  queen,  to  ealabruh  her  ionoonwe  of  the 
eliar;K«i  against  brr;  ihat  na*  the  duly  impotcil  upon  ibrm,  ai»d  thai 
ihey  have  altrmpced  in  ilo  by  tbe  evidence  ihry  lia^r'  produced.      .My 
li'Ntf,  havr  llu-y  eonKncd  tbcmic-li-r«  to  Ibat  duty  ?    No,  my  lortk.      To 
ibi'm  it  i*  ppmiiiud  to  lnuncb  out  into  invertivra  ogaind  all  tho  flOD- 
Hitnied  anlboritin  of  tbe  realm.     Even  tbc  monarcb  t)  not  to  be  tpmni. 
Modern  bialory  it  lo  be  ranHcked;  tlic  annal*  of  corrupt  Rome  arr  la 
be  warcbed,  in  order  to  find  out  m>idc  (juotation  by  which  tbe  fpetiogk 
of  tbe  monarch   may  be  vounded,  by  whlcb  the  monoreliy  may   bo 
brought  into  dfarespect  in  the  conDtrj'.     The  cruelint  tyrant,  tlic  man 
ih«  Riox  tlcmied  lo  anliqaiiy,  b  to  be  brought  forwnnl  aa  a  suppeonl 
.  jandtel  In  thU  ewe.     Naj.  the  moaorcli  b  nM  the  only  one  to  mAtr 


I 


Fdjob.] 


UOOEHT,  LORD  OIPFOIID. 


ua 


from  their  imputations.  Your  lonbhip*  nn'  imx  epar^,  no  one  ooti- 
OcriMd  in  this  pmcccrling  in  ■pared,  tn  th«  olK^ri'niiiHiR  nf  piy  IcAmetl 
fric^mb.  My  lortl^  I  will  not  My  I  {lanlon  tbnin ;  although,  pcrhii|M, 
nnmc  rxcuiic  i«  to  Iw  allcgrtl  for  thcti)  uniliT  luch  a  liyiiig  niliiatioa. 
Duti  if  lli«  queen  wax  tiuiocciil,  tliow  topics  wen:  pcrfceily  irrrlrvAtit 
and  uaaecettary,  Tbc  quet^i)'*  innoctrticc  caaoot  be  otabUihod  by 
liurling  roTenomcd  tlartx  agaiii«t  otber  penuiis.  No,  ray  Inni*;  in- 
uocVQce  staDd*  mcut*:  in  ita  own  defence :  iaoocvoce  wants  not  to 
Had  molivn  for  ttvenge.  It  ia  tinit  i-nougb  irhen  lh«  qitceii'*  in- 
uooeoce  is  tvtaUiBbod,  it  «r«r  tfaat  period  >>faall  arrive,  to  gite  *mt 
to  uicli  Tedings ;  buti  during  ibe  lime  of  iu  being  eslabliiheil,  I 
raiinot  belp  ihiiikJug  that  tlie  path  of  duty  was  clt«r  before  lier  ad- 
voeates.  But  it  appears,  from  the  conclustoo  of  my  learned  friend  Mr 
itrougliani's  eloquent  speeeli,  that  the  public  have  proiiouacnl  a  verdict 
upon  tbi«  occasion.  'I'ho  public,  niy  lord*,  hove  pronounced  no  Turdict. 
There  i«  a  part  of  tho  (HHnmunity,  unduubttnily,  wlio  havo  all«ii)pted  to 
do  so;  who  have,  by  tbi-  moat  base,  by  thu  wont,  anil  the  ino»c  insidi- 
ous means,  endravourcd  to  (k-ceive  the  wvU>nM-iiaing,  and  thi'  loyal,  and 
till-  good  part  of  tlie  community ;  who  luive,  by  every  means  iii  thrir 
l<i>«cr,  aitemptetl,  during  thia  iQvnligMioai  to  Uaekrn  llic  characters 
ot  all  concerned  iu  il,  aud  of  (he  wilneMM  who  were  prwluccd  on  tlm 
occasion.  My  lords,  while  they  liad  the  cause  of  tlic  qu«en  in  their 
moutks,  tliey  had  another  object  tn  th^ir  hearts — tliat  of  change  and 
revolution,  ThU  is  their  objeot.  To  further  that  object  this  has  bevn 
done.  It  pains  nei  a*  it  njost  pain  every  one,— i[  will  pain  penons  in 
fulur*  who  may  rood  the  annals  of  the  present  period, — to  find  that  any 
counlcMoee  bu  bera  given  to  nicb  mtcmpili.  1  tnitt  it  hag  not  been 
given  by  the  illustrious  penoa  accused;  and  that  the  btMorinn  will  draw 
a  veil  over  ibis  part  of  the  transaction.  But,  loy  lords,  it  hit*  not  only 
been  brought  befofv  your  lordships  as  a  ground  on  which  you  ar«  to 
jirononnce  your  drcisiou.  but  yug  have  bem  luhl, — undoubtedly  in 
msgniliccQt  langunxe.  in  a  manner  I  have  tvrvly  seiii  sur)iasHd.  in  effect 
t-rcat  and  eoasidemble, — you  have  been  told  iu  lliv  peroration  of  my 
learned  (ririid,  Mr  Brougham,  llut  your  lordships  are  to  pause;  thai 
you  arc  stasidiug  upon  the  briok  of  a  precipice;  tliat  it  will  go  fbrih. 
your  judgment,  if  it  goes  brth  agaiMl  iIm  queen,  but  that  it  will  be  tlic 
only  jadgneat  you  wdl  aTcr  pronounce  whwh  will  foil  of  its  object,  aud 
return  upoa  tliose  who  give  ii.  Nay,  my  lords  you  were  called  upon 
•Aenrards,  as  the  osily  nM-nns  of  sating  the  honour  of  the  erown,  and 
protcdii^  the  purity  of  thn  altar,  you  were  esIM  upon  M  all  ^f^s'^^^ 
at  all  risks  whatever;  you  acre  coJk-d  n|ion  to  pronoane*  a  verdict  of 
aequillal ;  bccauir,  forsooth,  such  is  the  jwlgiuent  of  what  uiy  IcariHid 
fricutls  choose  lo  call  tliu  cuootry,  and  bccauM-  your  lonlthips  arc  to  br 
actnaled  by  such  iniimidationi  I  My  tonl*,  Uud  forbid  that  llic  time 
should  ever  arrive  ubcn  lucU  tfareati  should  ba(«  any  wrigbt  in  this 
■aw-mhly  1  I  addma  |HTuins  nf  high  lioiiour,  of  character  unstained, 
whose  decitioai  hitherto  liavc  oommanded  ilie  mprcl  of  iIht  country  ; 
and  why  ?  becauM  they  have  been  Ibunried  in  justice.  My  lords,  tbc 
throne  will  be  best  protected,  lite  attar  bi>*(  preserved,  by  a  judgmnt 
pronounced  by  your  lordships  occoriling  to  tlie  cvklcuoo  which  has  been 
producnl  beforu  you.  Upuu  that  cvidenoo  I  rosl  tba  eonduwon,  hav- 
ing eomnscDled  upon  it  a*  it  wiw  my  duty  to  do.     The  resuh  to  which 


k 


IthNfciti 

I  W  wliit  <My  » ; 

lau  Sir  ftobat  siih  «■  the 

Oa  ife  5tk  cT  Aacfl,  16M, 

iii*M|i  ^td  —  iw  «M  cT  Affc  laat. 

>t:  -  n»  Ma  «M  be  mm  4Mf|lT  drflond  b; 
■■era  iHidtrijr  rftMb«wd  bgr  Umv  Maifc  Hi*  i 
UMMcvRd  far  bH  tb«  ««  ngird  of  AoM  who  I 
to  Mr  iMo  bk  cbai«elcr.  Ila  mind,  oortUMd  bf 
ol  rnir««lmrit  and  vac  ai  Ubcrtj  to  adriy  te  i^ 
n»  aniMMie,  ■■a&CMd,  inU,  fnandfy,  biMgraC  utd.  ■• 
toekHj,  gcndjr  playfiil.  Hb  BtUefamrarti  w«f*  mmmi.  i 
(far  bs  bad  BO  eafnil})  vm  hard  to  pmroke.  uid  frily  MteUi^  la 
Ua  lact  nMBTDti  Im  wu  tastaiDrd  bj  the  dotitie  aSretioa  aid  nfa- 
gioui  bofw  whicli  hwl  cbrcml  bi*  life.  Hk  natnx*!  ijaijiliaiijf  Md 
Bodoty  *m  untpoglnl  bjr  npid  drratioa  nut  •plcndkl  pnnpe^mii 
■labiliao ;  and  if  thoc  (vtiring  virtaa  eowkl.  mtbout  hMng  llMtr  ■*- 
turr,  br  grnrrally  knosii,  ibcf  nort  bave  Jaftcoed  auj  of  iIkiib  w^ 
KiMillr  Ivcli^s  vbicb  luch  on  ckTattoa  i»  apt  ID  cutle.  It  waj  att 
Uulh  be  Hid  nf  liim.  itiat  liv  nse  by  '  bir  ncajM.*  aod  in  a  bigfa  sMtin 
U>r«  Uit  TaculliM  metkly-  By  tli«  itry  dilifnK  apffieMioa  of  ■•  i» 
comaionly  qnick,  dear,  uid  diatingniibtBg  niinil,  be  bcca^M  ao  bama^ 
In  111*  praMMtORf  ibat  tlie  late  lI)rd-cliicf-ju*iioc  Gibbs  (tijiiilf  mt 
of  ibc  frmlF«t  kwycrtuf  libaj^r)  aMnrad  llie  preaent  writer,  tbat.  Macv 
the  d»lh  ul  DuNtiiiig,  he  bad  knoim  ao  aian  equal  aa  a  gntreal  immytt 
l»  (iilTuril.  Ill'  hwl  t\w  ^fl  uf  couvryinf;  the  lublk  ilialiilllliaBa  ari 
abtttuM  Iraniing  of  thu  law  with  a  rrry  tare  uuiod  oT  pcnpitai^  wd 
btevtiy.  He  waa  toon  dbtblgnialwd  on  iba  We«icni  Circuit,  wharrc  tfce 
frieadahi))  of  two  Muib  MbninUe  pcnona  at  Horocr  and  Lcin  ww 
aamwt  of  the  mrem  of  wuc  and  good  men.  He  waa  •ompbt  out 
IMh)u4«ra,  to  all  of  whoai  bit  waa  pcTHntally  unkiiown,  lo  Gil  ib(> 
4if  aoJiciiar-KeneraL  &r  Samuel  Itomilly,  a  aeiirre  but  biobI  uf 
JadftCi  in  Um  boiwn  of  oMnmona  drclaml  hi*  taiirftctiMi  thai  llw 
pointiBMt  bad  becu  made  oa  ihr  fair  principle  of  prnlrwlnnal 
It  waa  bla  lot  lo  hold  olfioc  in  a  Uormj  aaaaoa :  but  all  wba  knew  him 
will  bear  a  Itatimony,  now  uHOapeetodi  tbutbe  ptrrunnatm  of  rigar- 
OUR  dotwa  waa  aaoongvDial  to  bia  nature.  Tlie  inoat  renufkaUe  daa- 
|ilay  of  bb  Ulmia  *a»  nuda  on  a  •pUodid  theatre,  but  oa  aa 
w>  yainfol,  that  lo  renro  the  rooirmbrancc  of  it  more  dltiioetly 
■KM  be  i»  nniMO  with  bii  aminblc  li-mpcr.  He  waa  a)ifjaintcd, 
uniivrwd  npjK oUilioOt  Lord-c)iicf-ju«li<;R  of  tbe  oowt  of  Coi 
with  a  lillitolhoooHr  which  ■mnml  tu  be  (ha  pladgoof  hi^b*rad«  _ 

iHiiL  Wbaa  the  iiiiiu<riiM-  accumuUtigo  of  Scotch  appeal*  wif  Ifaoaf^ 
to  nqnira  aona  alicralitiu  in  ihr  Appt'lluc  juriwliclioo,  Lo<d  QHbnl 
w-M  rbiMi'ti,  far  hi*  unequallcil  knowiodgv  of  Scotch  law,  to  cany  tJka 
new  iiicaaurt  iate  efcoti  and  Ibr  that  purpoce  wa*  appouil^ 


aa  oceaafan 

oe4ly  wiMlM 
ointcd,  vn^^l 
■iiDoapla«H 
li*rad««iMW^I 

Bins    ituMfc*  ' 


ftalo*.] 


Sin  sTAUroflD  vAwtLta. 


US 


neu  ly -created  uiBcc  uf  Jppuly-spoker  of  the  liouwi  of  lurd*.  Varioua 
opinioM  esiited  about  tbe  iievensii}-  of  the  office,  but  ihcro  was  ih> 
divcnjly  of  opinion  about  ibe  fiinc-M  of  the  man,  oad  it  waa  uoitcraaily 
ownnl  Ibat  lio  iru  wiccu-d  for  his  fitiiest.  The  jouroalt  of  partiampnt 
will  atlot  the  (p«Ml  with  which  he  remored  the  mas*  of  undocldrd  op* 
peal*,  wmI  the  unaniroom  opptauM  of  Scotch  lawycrt  H  th«  b««t  cTidcncv 
of  the  wiMloRi,  Iruning,  and  joMicu  viib  which  li«  acoofnplishcd  that 
nrduuiu  toA.  Among  the  nuoierou*  body  who  have  ri*rn  ttx>ta  the 
middle  claurs  to  the  highest  aUilionaortbc  IkW,  it  will  be  hard  to  aatae 
aiiy  iiidiTiiiual  uhn  owed  hi*  prcr«rmctit  rnorc  ecrlaiiily  lo  a  bt^licf  of 
hi*  iiicrit  tliiiD  Lord  Gifibnl,  or  who  potscMcd  more  at  Ihoae  virtoN 
which  are  moit  Riled  to  dinarm  llic  jeahyury  DBturally  oliendaDt  on 
great  aod  ludduti  adYaauumcal." 


0iv  ^tflmforH  JSnlRrfi. 


MM  A,  n.  ITS!.— MSB  A.  P.  I6M. 


Sir  Stamvuhu  KAFrusiiwajbonialKa,  in  tha  Wnt  Iadl<4,  ii)  178 !• 
Having  obtained  a  tiiuation  in  early  life  in  the  Indi»  Ilouie,  hi>  good 
conduct  rccoiunicndetl  him  to  the  ooli<!e  of  hi*  *uperio(«,  and  in  I80S 
he  wtt»  >cot  out  aa  aui*taot-*ccTetary  in  the  Pulo-Penang  niabttihBivot. 
Ardcdl,  laborioua,  aiid  inqamtive,  yovog  Raffle*  toon  aojuircil  a  niore 
complete  knowledge  of  the  tao^aj^,  cattotiu.  and  feeling*,  of  the 
Malay  tribe*  than  anj-  other  European  poisuicd,  aud  rendered  invala* 
able  Mrviec  to  I^rd  Minio  in  llic  reduction  of  Java  in  IdlO.  So  greet 
woa  the  eontidrnce  which  hi*  lordidiip  pUced  in  Mr  lUffleo,  that  hu 
■ppoinicil  him  Ikutcoant-govcnior  of  thiii  iamcaic  itIuiJ  and  it*  d«- 
pendcncin. 

"  In  onkr,'  lay*  hi*  amiable  biograpLer,  "  to  appreciate  ilie  dllBctil- 
tlea  of  the  ailuation  io  which  .Mr  KalHrii  wm*  placed,  the  cxtcot  of  the 
cbaugn  which  it  wo*  requUile  to  introduce,  and  the  view*  which  he 
IbriBcd  of  the  principle*  uf  gotcnunent,  it  will  be  neccstnry  to  advert 
very  brieHy  to  oue  or  two  Uadiug  prladpte*  of  the  Dutcfi  rule.  Odo 
of  tli«  chisfMiarceaof  IheDateh  revenike  wo*  the  mooupoly  by  guveni- 
mcbl  of  the  gmin  and  otfaar  produc*  of  the  Und,  which  the  coltivatora 
were  required  to  deliver  M  an  inadequate  and  arbitrary  nte,  wbtch 
krUeba  were  afterward*  ftcalt  out  lo  the  cooiumcr  at  a  far  liif;ber  price, 
•0  tbu,  in  fact,  the  whole  body  of  the  people  depended  on  the  govera- 
nkctit  for  tbcir  ver^-  lubiittcocc.  Tbc  priiwiple  of  raooungipig  Miatij 
En  the  cullivalioo  and  improrrnitnt  of  the  couoti^.  fay  crmling  an  In- 
lemt  iu  tli«  cBbn  and  fruit*  of  that  indiutry,  »a«  wholly  uuknown. 
The  mode  of  collecting  tfaia  revenue  in  kind  remained  with  the  regent 
of  lh«  di*(rict,  leaving  the  cultivator*  no  tecorily  buyood  the  claim*  o( 
oMge  and  cu*t*Mn ;  and  although  custom  pre*cribed  a  certain  puriion 
only  of  the  crop  to  be  delivered,  there  were  oo  po*ilirc  luean*  of  pre* 
Tenting  a  ([rvalcr  levy.  Tbu*.  while  the  power  and  ioflaencc  of  autho- 
rity could  be  tueecMfutly  everted  to  stifle  con>pUiiit>,  the  peaaaot, 
ibongh  utfTering  the  gteatcM  tojuMiee,  despairing  of  relief,  woutd  en- 
dure almost  any  |)eivalion  and  suffering,  rather  thaii  quit  tlie  land  t>t 
hi*  forefathrr>,  to  which  he  ftli  hinuelf  attached  by  (h«  ilroagett  tie* 

VU.  J  X 


*** 


rouru.4&  XMW 


of  ttHgtoa,  of  UbiU,  wnd  of  aftctioD.  KhkU  mrntm  vw  laollMr  «f 
lh«  grieruOM  UMi  nn«tiiio«n  wider  wit'tch  the  native*  gftaatd.  Ka 
tK«J»  vKMtvd  of  awarding  «  dirocx  cootfol  on  liic  itniBUnill  fer  bfc«or. 
Tbc  pvblic  officer*  of  tLc  Dutch  govcniaeiit  uninrMJly  aaqdoyei  iW 
•cnricc*  or  (be  people  witkout  r^ular  hire.  Thair  dcnaMb  trwtm  VB- 
linutcd.  Tbc  native  cbkb  folloved  llie  iane  ^Ucin.  No  dtack  es^ 
Htttl ;  aail  Uius  tb«  eoergio  of  tke  people  wcte  onMbMJi  and  tbetir 
labour  fritlvml  away,  becoming  prodsctive  netiherlo  iIicibmIw*  nor  lo 
the  Mate.  Id  «liort,  tfaejr  we»  reduced  to  ilii-  Unreet  >tal«  at  vvHuii^ 
awl  ntlyeciion.  To  tliit  ruioouf  «f  etcai  w^  to  be  added  iba  ywfcm» 
srUng  from  tbe  failure  of  external  comm^rot.  The  DiiltA  ('''■■■■•^■■^ 
forced  to  look  vitbio  it*dr  for  retit(  di*coTcr«d  ibe  rnilnnmumf  life  to 
be  daily  inrrruing.  Uixler  thi*  extgcncy,  iba  liuida  of  jMblie  fnriUlM 
were  npfiroprinlpd  to  iko  govcmnent  trtCMirjr ;  oftd  the  prirale  pro> 
pcrljr  of  iiHltTidnoIi  wu  breibly  borrowed  in  Ibe  lamr  manner.  An 
arbitraiy  incrcoAc  of  paper- currencgr  wa*  i«aatd,  to  proridr  for  the  daily 
expcneca  of  the  *tate ;  and  this  itin^  foood  inadcijoale,  the  |j,iiMiiiamn 
were  eompeltcd  to  detirer  a  proportion  of  colonial  produce  ia  f*}- 
ment  of  (heie  cstaUiahnimlii,  or,  in  olJirr  words,  to  pawn  the  pvo- 
daoe  In  itore,  to  tatiafy  the  ciurenl  denawU  upon  the  public  Creawry. 
Socfa  w»«  the  financial  elate  of  ibe  country  at  ibe  period  iibcs  the 
Eq;li*h  asaunied  tlie  adminietralMM  of  Java,  li  would  be  eudkaa  w 
DOlioe  the  diflkullice  and  ofaXadea  whicli  occurred  in  the  eriablishnmti 
oTa  pare  and  upricht  adninifttratiou.  Ko(  only  waa  the  whole  BfUrm, 
previoiuly  pamed  by  the  Oulcli,  U>  be  suWerted.  but  an  entire  ncv 
oiM  aubHitul«d.  ai  pur«  and  liberal  at  llie  old  one  «a«  licioua  asd  caa- 
traded  ;  and  tbia  wa*  to  l>c  occonpUfWd  and  esrried  into  effect  by  tbc 
vtry  iK-riom  who  had  au  looj;  failetied  oa  llii-  vKe*  of  the  (orner  poUiy. 
SoiiM.-  ftvi  uerc  auiBcJently  e«iligliiened  lu  |ietoeiT«  the  ad^-ani^m  of 
the  iif-w  sytlem:  two  ofthcie,  Mr  Craoivii  and  Mr  MuiitingbTi  oa  tU* 
aecoanl,  wcr«  regsrdt^d  by  Mr  KalHca  willi  iIk-  ItigJH.'U  tattm.  Thaao 
who  koovr  how  diflicolt  H  ia  to  carry  on  a  go*«n)ni«i>l,  cten  where  Uw 
choJee  of  a^^cnU  is  great,  where  each  well  knowe  the  duty  which  ha  haa 
to  prrfbrni,  and  where  the  elate  of  H>cicty  i*  uicli,  that  eTcrry  nao  ttia 
as  a  check  upon  hi*  neighbour,  will  be  able  to  apprcctalo  tlw  labour 
■od  ilic  aminty  which  devolvfti  oa  Mr  RafHe*,  when  Lotd  Minio  left 
him  to  armiige  the  delaib  of  thai  bjttcm  of  ubieh  they  had  togetlwr 
fonncd  the  outline.  IIuoyiu>l  in  spirit  and  limt  in  couragr,  when  one* 
he  hod  adopted  a  right  piiiici|>te  of  oetiua,  Mr  Rafflci  wa*  L--t't>  "irs 
to  the  difficult  and  ardnoii*  laik  wbich  ho  hod  to  ]>rrfomi ;  <l« 

for  iJI,  at  adiilaoce  from  any  lupcrior  autliorily,  without  oii<  >ii.ii.n.<.al 
with  wboac  |>rincipt<«  ho  aai  acquaiiiled,  ai>d  of  whoM  abilitir*  he  bail 
any  exprriencc -.  yet  forced  to  set  the  wheel  of  goTeninxtii  iii  luotioa, 
and  to  watch  il*  pn>grc«a  with  uncrating  allcutioo,  whiUt  all  the  detail* 
of  erory  departioant  were  lo  l>v  brined  by  bimaitlfi  nothing  but  th* 
bcilitj  of  arTangctncot  which  he  powciacd  ixiuld  have  accoaipliabcd  aw 
much  with  ao  little  oadtUoce,  and  in  to  ihorl  a  timr.  1'br  innancr  anil 
(iinc  of  brin)[iug  about  thl*  change,  however,  rHiuirrd  tha  mott  tcnowa 
eOBMderatiou  ;  and  bvlbrv  he  look  any  decided  itcp  in  the  n<:w  urgfiM- 
xation,  \iv  iiuiilufed  itati*tical  inquiric*  iu  CTcrj-  district,  and  cotlrclc«| 
the  ino*t  il(ttiil«d  inbrmalion  in  avery  departoMot:  the  re«aU  of  vtitrli 
couvincid  liiui  that  a  lboruu|[h  cbangu  iu  •jilcu  wa*  uul  vb\\  v-U'it^Uia 


4 


riaiAn.!         FnAKCrS  ■AWOON-IIASTIHOS.  KftllL  OF  MOIRA. 


«fr 


■nil  pnclieal>li-,  but  indinprDKiblr,  no  Ioh  for  tlie  Inwrvsu  aud  lioiuiar 
of  (he  Briliih  gnvrrnmcni.  thnn  Tor  Ihe  Kuppinn*  amt  praspcrily  o(  tin; 
counliy  ttl  torgr.  tic  txaminrd  niirtnl^ly  r*(<ry  ilrpartniMil ;  drew  up 
faiimi'lf  every  detail  and  inctniction  for  llic  nj^iitsi  nhJeli  bi>  raiplojred, 
and  with  all  (lie  counuc  of  a  pure  and  ardent  miad.  cftmoiriHied  iliut 
(borougli  refonn,  whica  with  unirc«rie<l  aMului(y  he  iBboared  Co  Mtab- 
lidi  during  (he  whole  period  of  bis  odiatniatTMien." 

Tli«  ftucceas  of  Mr  RalBc«'«  adniiibtraiioii  ca«Id  be  only  foeUy 
JDdg«'d  of  from  Ihe  fac(  Ihul  he  mite^  i(a  rrvctiuc  from  limit  »■  mi  I  lion  (o 
four  mJlloH  aicfUng.  H«  elfrcliully  K«iii«t  tlid  (;M>d>wtll  ami  ciMift- 
denoc  of  the  natlTct;  he  eeOhlisli^d  a  vigilant  and  ('flkc(ivc  mn^ih 
in^:  L«  dbiemliated  the  Unringv  of  eduealaw  throvfcfaoiK  itic 
blaod  i  Le  explorad  ft*  natiinl  hhitofy  and  nmntnt*-,  ud  he  garr  to 
the  vorld  no  admtnblc  natunl  anif  political  hiKfory  of  thia  matt 
impoitanl  and  in(rrc*ling  iilaniL  Our  mi»cnblc  ncgiiliBltoaa  at  (be 
clo«B  of  (lie  tnr  dnpriicd  us  of  this  motit  valuable  ac<)ui>i(iiHi,  and  re* 
placed  the  Javaneac  nndcT  thmr  hrutal  maitm  (he  Dutch.  Sir  Slant- 
toTii — whu  hiul  breo  kiitghted  whHeon  a  vlrit  to  I^ngl&nd  iu  IHI7— . 
vow  iLddressed  himit'If  (o  lli«  organizotioii  of  a  eentrsl  station  vidiin 
Ihe  Archipelago,  meli  a«  mtgh(  aectire  a  (rte  pawagc  (o  China  (hrough 
Ihe  »ti«iti  of  Malacca.  Widi  thta  vi^iw  ho  fixed  upnn  the  iBUi>d  of 
.Singapore,  wlurh  Mon  became  a  vnloalfic  and  llounidiing  •rtllisuciit 
under  hi*  governorahip. 

Sir  SUmford  relunied  to  l^ngland  in  bod  health  in  l9iM,  ami  die<l 
in  18X6. 


Max  A.  a.  ni4.—vtwv  A.  a.  IHOK. 

Till!  liouBc  of  Ravdon  in  of  very  groM  anlti]uity.  It  ia  imi4  crrtain 
«lietfa(T  It  was  settled  in  England  bclbro  Hie  ('oiif]ur«t,  but  the  family 
poMMwa  (ho  titlo-dped  nf  their  r«(alc,  granted  by  William  ihr  i:on- 
(|lleror;  n  port  of  which  c<talc  llw  prrimt  earl  Mill  rojoys.  The  lul> 
loiHag  litiua,  lakpn  frum  llir  original  dcml,  have  been  preacrvcd  by  John 
Wcerer,  In  tab  '  FunenI  MoauroeRl*:' 

I  n'ylltain,  kiac.  iha  Ihafit  jwm  et  Mf  iwl||na, 

Gitn  Id  tliov  l^aljn  nojtfua.  llt>|K  ■*]  tlufsUwiMk 

W|ib  •!  iha  tnaim  «f  Md  ilont^ 

fMm  hana  U  TVftkt  ttaot  fih  U>  brt. 

Fop  llMB  4^  tlqrM  llMT  la  4*f4, 

A>  Iruljr  u  ihyi  tynii  ty^hl  ••  mjn*. 

I^ir  •  rcoMtfJao  mi  aa  onw 

Wb«a  t  lal  mar  la  hwii  on  Y*n»*  i 

Aad  ia  (vLw  thw  ikyi  ihriw  »  uMh. 

I  Ul  tbv  irti)l  smi  tnik  mi  loollt. 

IMtan  3lcc.  iltw*.  tMd  >tup»Y. 

Mat  mc/  nnJ  •on.  Umf- 

The  lautly  appeart  n  bnir  giirn  name  to  a  town  m  Vorliahin',  uhoui 
Ihrw  mile*  from  I^-cd".  Sir  WnrmadnW  Ramloo,  Kiit..  via>a  Haunch 
Toyalbi,  and  a  ido«(  active  and  Intrvpnt  eomOMaili-r  in  tli<>  nnraitiiiialB 


SIS 


roLITICAL  »KIK.t. 


INllkIR 


T*i|n>  or  Cbnrka  I.  Sir  Gvofge  finvdnti  alvo,  the  fint  liaronct,  ny-nt 
to  IrcUnil  vrith  Stratrord,  aoi)  wai  limou*  fur  hi*  lojalljr  «i>d  viuiti«iit 
service*  in  IruUnd  during  the  great  n:bcIlion.  A«  a  mark  of  the  royal 
faroiir,  be  was,  in  Miiy,  1665,  crrucd  baroact  or  Motra,  in  lli«  mhiiiIjt 
or  Down.  Sir  John  fUwdoii,  in  March,  1717,  iiiarried  Dorothy, 
daughter  of  Sir  Kichiird  I^rvingr,  tjicakitr  of  Uie  Irith  boufe  of  com- 
moDk,  and  afierwarda  chirf-jnitinc  of  CominoD  pleaa  in  that  king- 
dom. By  litis  marrtjgp.  be  bad  four  *atu  and  a  daugblcr ;  and,  dyini; 
t'cbninrj'  2d,  1724.  in  tbc  34lh  yrar  of  bia  age,  be  utt  RUCCMdtd  t^ 
his  Mw  John,  who  wai  i?r<.-au-d  Lord  Kawdon  In  1750,  and  rari  of 
Moira  in  1761.  He  married  i"  1741,  Helena  Perciral,  yoiiiigMt  ibtrr 
of  the  earl  of  Ef,iiM»tl,  by  whom  he  had  two  dauglttcra.  On  licr  death, 
iu  174S,  he  inarrted  Anoe,  daughter  of  Trevor,  Vi><»iint  Hilldiorwigh. 
vtbo,  dying  without  iMue  In  1761,  be  married  tbe  fultoving  year  Eliza- 
beth Hasting*,  eldeat  daughter  of  Thcopbilus,  carl  nf  Huntingdon,  by 
whom  be  hid  Mvn  ion*  and  four  daughter*.  The  [irc*cnt  curl  vtu 
born  D(«eaiber  9th,  17.^4,  et  hi»  frnnily-Krat  in  Down. 

His  education  «a«  liberal,  and  on  quitting  >cliool  Im  made  a  abort 
tour  on  the  continent;  but  the  war  with  Anirrica  breaking  oat,  hi* 
lordnliip  immediately  embraced  the  opportunity  of  indul^ng  hii  poanon 
for  ■  niililnry  life,  and  embarked  for  that  conntry.  lie  vn*  lieutenant 
in  the  iitUi  regiment  of  grennHi«re,  at  the  memnruMe  iMltlcof  llunkrr'*- 
hill,  where  he  ri^ceivcd  two  ibot*  in  hi*  cap,  and  wa*  one  oat  of  urt-cn, 
only,  of  hii  company  who  escaped  unhurt.  The  comluct  of  our  young 
aoldicr  on  thi*  occaiion  waa  lo  couspicuoii*  a*  to  moke  a  alroag  impres* 
•ion  upon  the  mind  of  General  nurgoyne,  wbu,  in  hi*  despaiche*  to  th« 
British  giivemnient,  utiaerved,  "  Lord  Itawdon  hai  thia  day  Stamped  bi* 
fame  fitr  liK:,"  He  wu,  aftcrw«nU,  pr««ent  at  the  ttonDtng  of  Fort 
Clinton. 

In  177S,  before  Ih!  wfti  four-and.tu-culy,  he  wn*  advanced  to  the 
rank  of  lieuteaaii(>coloi>el  in  the  army,  and  General  Howe  iiaving  re- 
MgneA,  he  won  appointed  adjutant-general  to  the  Ilntinh  fbrcei  eoni- 
manded  by  Sir  Henry  Clinton.  In  thit  capacity  he  proved  himself  not 
only  brave,  but  active  and  judicious :  and  rendered  mi»t  eaueolial  ser- 
vice in  the  hniardou*  retreat  of  the  British  army  through  tbe  Jeneys, 
tram  I-'hilodHphia  to  New  York,  and  bIm>  in  the  action  of  MonuKMilh. 
He  afterwards  embarked  nilh  his  troo|iR  tor  Charlcitown,  Bud  serrcd 
during  tbe  siege  of  that  place.  On  thit  occanion  he  eonducied  himself 
with  so  much  judgment,  and  exhibited  so  many  proa&  of  distinguished 
valour,  that  be  wo*  appointed  lo  the  command  of  a  separate  corpa  in 
the  pruviticc  of  South  Carolina.  The  American  general,  Gate*,  bad 
invaded  ibis  proviacVi  and  Lord  Rawdou'*  object  was  to  maintain  hi* 
position  there  till  the  arrival  of  Lord  CornwallFn,  in  which  be  completely 
succeeded.  Soon  after,  the  battle  of  Camden  was  fought,  in  which  Lord 
Kawdon  bv  his  intrepidity  and  promptitude  of  resolution  acquired  i>cw 
laurel*.  I^rd  ConiHallis  marching  northward  with  a  considerable 
fbrcCt  Lord  Hawdon  was  left  witii  a  vety  small  dirision  in  South  Caro- 
li«B,  where  he  had  occasion,  in  February,  1781,  to  oj^se  two  Ameri> 
can  generals  wlio  posseMcd  iDdepeiidenl  conimands.  Ity  tbe  activity 
and  skill  of  his  manceuvres,  however,  the  efforts  of  tbe  enemy  were 
baffled,  and  in  a  fe»  days  they  were  obliged  lo  retreat  In  April  fol- 
loxini;,  another  Ametican  army,  under   Geneiat  tireene,    adraDCed 


CIS  RAWOOK-tlAXTIHCSt  eARI.  OT  IIOIRA. 


M9 


$ 


troa]n.  Wliik-  Grtvnc  kepi  his  amiy  cimmpcd  on 
liiij{  fur  rrinlbrcvni<-iib,  liis  lorJiiliip  deUniiiDCtl  upon 
ilc  ruEiip,  (liuuf;!)  willi  an  iiirrrior  force.  Tli«  *upc- 
dbeipiiiie  AuU  uiililary  skill  was  never  more  coatpjcti* 
Ihb  occiuioii.  The  clioice  of  a  circuJlou*  line  of  nurch 
approacli  of  Ike  Briii»h  fram  the  enemy.  Hia  lardUirp 
It  acceuible  tide  of  tbt  hill  on  which  ihty  lay  before 
of  OR  BMaull ;  Greenp,  howpror,  with  grval  alerincM, 
libroM;  and  wlien  he  pcret'iveil  with  vhnt  lurrownea*  of 
iah  lulvnnccii  Co  (be  alinek.  h«  confidcnllj'  fupcvtrd  it  dc- 
Lord  ItnwiJoii  inMantly  diicrmrtl  Ilic  intention*  of  the 
_  iCToJ,  and  at  once  formnl  *iirh  a  plan  of  nmnitccnciil  lu 
||0  drfnt  tbcni.  The  Ani<-riran*  canin  down  the  lull  under 
:ieo  of  a  very  heavy  firr  of  ^^pi.«-»hot  from  (beir  attillery  ; 
]«B  estCDiioii  of  the  Britiili  front  liou  utterly  diduoiicerteil 
after  a  sharp  action,  they  were  totally  routed. 
Tairi  of  the  Englifh  in  Amnira  now  began  to  decline,  and  it 
ml  nccrsMty  to  retreat  from  Cnrotinn.  The  conduct  of  thla 
devolved  upon  Lord  llavilon,  on  account  of  the  *crerc  iUncM 
•i'rd  Comwalli).  Ho  retired  &nt  to  Cunulen,  whicli  he  wiu  Koon 
i-d  to  cTscoaic.  He  next  punucd  IIm:  route  to  Charli-iluwii.  Dur- 
il*  commaoil  nt  tbin  pUcr,  hu  uBpleuing  act  of  public  jiuticc  «-a« 
lied,  which  maiir.  a  coiuiilerabi*  bmbv.  Imoc  Hayn«*,  an  Antcri. 
bad  been  lakco  prisoner  wbco  Cbarlealown  f(41  Into  the  hand*  of 
Britiah  troopa.  Tlii*  laau  voluntarily  look  the  oalb  ofallepaBce  lu 
Briliak  govenunenl,  and  wa*  tct  at  liberty :  but,  in  vioUlion  of  bit 
I,  be  toon  after  besan  to  intrigue,  and  obtained  tbc  rank  of  a  ral- 
"Dct  of  niiliiui  in  tJie  enemy*  army.  He  corriiptrd  a  battalion  of  otir 
militia  which  had  been  enrolled  and  nttnitctli  anil  wo*  drleclcd  carrying 
then  off  at  the  «ery  moment  when  ihc  enemy  were  coming;  down  upo<i 
va.  Uc  w»*  tried  by  a  court  of  ifl(|uiry.  and  esccutcit.  Lord  Jtaw. 
don  endeavoured  privately  to  procure  the  pardoii  of  llBynes,  and  en- 
couraged Mr  Alexander  Wnght  oiid  Mr  Pu«el),  two  eminent  loynlkta, 
to  get  a  pElitioii  from  ilivif  body  in  bit  favour ;  but  hi*  humane  eflorU 
were  over-ruled.  Yet,  with  aingular  injuiticc,  the  eieciition  of  Ibb 
inan  wa*  not  only  reprr*«nt«l  at  home  aa  a  wanton  act  of  military  de*- 
pMium  but  the  wbolo  of  it  wo*  a»cribed  to  hi*  lonkbip,  A  melbodift 
pnaeber  at  Plymouth,  who  carried  on  a  tecret  cormpondencc  with  the 
Americana,  wrole  on  cJLafjj'c rated  account  of  thii  ofTair  to  the  dnks  of 
Htchmond;  and  bia  grai-i-,  tii-lieviiig  tbc  narralive.  nai  »o  impradent  at 
lo  knioMdverl  upon  the  traui^etioo  in  lite  bouM:  of  lurds.  For  tbb 
h«  WW  called  to  acoouutiin  ■  >j>iriicd  maimer  by  Lord  Rawdoo,  after 
felt  lottUiip'a  rclurn,  aod  at  IciikiIi  hi*  grace  iii*de  an  apologj  for  what 
b«  had  lliua  ra*hly  tid*&i>«ed.  When  it  bud  bccofiH-  necefiary  to  re- 
move ihc  troop*,  hi*  lonbliip  wai  (cvcrvly  aflecud  tbrongh  the  ese«*- 
■ive  beat  of  the  climate  i  but,  Mcrificiii|;  all  penonol  conveniencci  bo 
gfUt  order*  lu  inarcb.  Hi*  wcnkncw,  Iwwevrr,  waa  *o  great,  tliat  be 
«M  nndcr  tbe  necetsily  of  being  conveyed  in  a  can,  and  froni  thennt 
iMued  hia  order*  to  the  Irooj*.  Finding  tbot  tlic  diMnlcr  incren*«d 
upon  him,  be  rmbarked  for  Eo)(laud ;  but,  on  hi*  pasaagc,  tlic  tcw'I 
«a*  rnpiurcd  by  tbe  Uloriruae.  and  carried  into  Brest.  Shortly  after 
be  rrcoT<-icd  hi*  liberty,  and  biodciJ  in  Bngland,  wlicr^  ia  ackaowh^* 


i^LiTtrAt.  sxniu. 


[Hiant 


IBMil  of  l>i»  mrrilorioii*  icrrior*,  li«  ww  cn:ult.-<l  a  Bntnfr  pi?*^,  by  ibe 
title  of  Baron  Knwdon  of  Rnwdon,  in  ibc  tvuaiy  of  Yurli>  and  np- 
potntcd  md-dc-ciuDp  lo  the  kin|;. 

On  iIm!  (tf«lh  of  hie  uncle,  tbe  carl  of  Hanlingdoo,  h«  amecttd^  m> 
ihv  iMttatnt  of  that  antricnt  and  iioble  ftWDil}'.  and,  by  ptimiaWBn  of  ikm 
king,  h**  owiitni-d  the  nnmt  and  ama  of  thai  bvuM.  By  Ike  JtMk  «f 
h'u  Intlirr,  June  SOtb,  1799,  bia  lonUhip  •DOeeeded  Co  ibe  ink  «f  €a(k 

of  MlMFB. 

About  Hii*  time  ho  was  appointed  comenanding^Hccr  of  a  body  of 
troops  cocBnlp«^d  D«r  ,<?oailiampton.  Tbi'«  troop*  were  ortginally  tn- 
(tnded  to  nnsial  tbr  roTulsts  m  Briliuiiy ;  but  the  aitoalion  of  Ihr  nltiMl 
farcts  ill  Flanifrn  rrndtrud  it  ncoeMSfTtoaend  a  relnforcvniBnt  ibitbcr. 
This  itu  an  cntL-rpnie  of  i;oiui(terabK  lUun],  for  ihe  vl>ol«  OMDirjr 
wa»  in  th«  poaKssion  of  the  Frendi.  Hht  lonkhlp,  bo*e*ari  landed  at 
OFlend,  and  in  tlw  faev  of  tt  furniidablr  foe  succMded  in  Hfocting  a 
jrinclion  trilb  ihcduke  of  Vorb.  Had  if  wH  botn  for  iko  prior  in  which 
the  cn«iny  rMBaJoed  for  some  tinir,  rMpecliiig  Iho  Mrvnglli  and  aimbfr 
of  bis  troop*,  and  for  iht  wl^rily  and  dnieroua  ad<hts«  with  wbkfa  all 
hii  tnovempniii  men  condnctvd,  th«  FiviMh  niuat  cMtly  hav«  ovor- 
powCTxid  him.  Hit  quart«r-niasler-gm«r&l,  Doyk,  seconding  him  wiih 
ihr  grealFft  scttriiy,  liappily  Bcmd  ibc  town  of  Brugw.  at  a  rimr  when, 
bat  for  Ibis  achimment,  lli«  cnpmy  mtghl  M»ily  bniT  himlnt^  him 
from  pro«reding  farlber.  In  the  vidnity  of  Ghent,  ihi*  maU'  band 
irai  again  in  danger  of  being  mt  oC  Bui,  from  die  town  of  Aloat, 
Ibry  gaHanUy  rqtnfoed  the  French,  who  bad  already  rotpred  it>  For 
thrro  day*  (nbwqurnt,  hi*  lordship  mnahied' iiiaMer  of  thk  ptaen;  nor 
did  ilic  Pr«nch  dare  to  attempt  any  vigoroui  eltbrla  to  dUodge  bin. 
All  ibrw  masterly  inovetnvnti  m  eheckvd  and  cmbaTraMcd  lii«  enemy, 
na  cffcctoally  to  corer  the  retreat  of  tbe  main  Bniiili  army. 

His  lordiliip  soon  after  rcttimi-d  to  England,  and  raumed  hi»  nMnI* 
nul  oominaBd  at  Suutliainpton,  and  bis  trot  in  the  bouse  of  lord*,  when 
Ue  took  part  with  ibc  tuinorily.  In  ihe  year  ITM,  in  a  nimi  able  and 
eloqaenl  speech,  be  cxiiibitrd  a  cirar  diteu^aiuD  upon  the  Tvttuw  fave*! 
Imports  and  exports,  wiih  other  fltianeUil  dreunuiances,  both  at  tbe 
dote  of  the  Amrrimn  war  and  at  the  pri'Mtit  |>eriod,  and  dfsplayinit, 
perhaps,  too  mournflil  n  picture  of  the  Ihi-n  iiate  of  lite  country.  flU 
»pi-ecli  was  grrally  enlarged  upon,  and  formed  in  that  debate  ihe  text 
lo  thv  olbrr  rormbcn  of  opposition.  We  do  not  a^-ain  ined  uiib  hn 
lordship'*  name  in  the  list  of  public  oceurretires  till  the  year  1801  : 
when,  in  the  firtt  session  of  the  uinlcd  parliameot,  as  a  peer  of  both 
,mllM,  with  his  usual  benevolence,  he  moved  for,  and  at  lengtli  lao*' 
lOftHJed  in  procuring,  an  ad  for  ilie  relief  of  all  foeh  insolvent  debtonaV 
had,  williont  Ihiud,  tnctinvd  debts  not  exceeding  i.'l900,  and  defnon* 
vlntcd  tlieir  uilllngness  to  do  jiuiice  to  tlieir  ervditora  by  a  eonplrtr 
surrender  of  tltcir  effects.  Tne  general  principle  reflected  ibc  bIglNar 
hoDOur  on  ibe  promoter  and  soppeners  of  thi;  mottoo,  as  it  was  to  nw 
licvo  the  ilebtor  frooi  a  lediout  iiuprisoanieiil,  and  lo  snTteiider  to  tlM 
crcdSlor  Ibo  debtor's  fVind*. 

When  tbe  union  of  Ihe  kingdoms  of  Great  Britain  and  IVHand  wnr 
ttrat  agitated  in  ihe  Engllth  paribnH-nt,  ibc  rarl  of  Moire  was  stnnvosv 
la  his  Mpoiilion  to  the  meature,  nhieh  at  llist  time  be  conceired  <nu 
Bifotited  and  persisted  in  by  the  UrtU>b  niitii>lr\-,  cvntraiy  to  tbe  wisbrw 


rnAKCIt  IIARDON'HAtTISOf,  LARI.  or  MOIKA. 


9SI 


P 


■oJ  in  gp|KM;tioii  to  tli<'  n'oonriMrAixm  ui  a  nujonly  of  the  Irwfa  iia- 
tion.  He  drcloml  io  lit*  place  in  tbc  buiun  (if  lords,  "  'rhnl  no  one 
could  marc  hcarlilf  concur  ia  Ihr  proiKMicil  mnMure  thin  liimsrlf,  if  it 
■bould  mert  ibc  aptirubnlioii  of  thr  grvUcr  part  of  tlic  llibrrnuui  coai- 
muotlj- :  InU  w  it  liftd  cxcitMl  gt-ncriil  ditguxt  and  vigariMi*  app<wiliaii, 
Ik-  wan  conrinccd  of  the  ilaitgiT  of  ]>roM-c<iting  tbc  >cfar«iH',  «Teii  if 
tluf  Iriili  pudioincnt  •bould  be.  diipOMd  to  adopt  h,  tMiirrwwc  w«  migbt 
uuurwb  ID  d<:lusivc  (c«uri(y  a  tecrct  firr.  which  iniglU  ullimatuly  coD- 
suBic  tbc  vitiili  of  tlic  empire.  If  be  vbould  admit  tlu-  prDbabitit}'  ofa 
cluoge  ifi  itic  diapositioo  of  tlic  people,  be  niart  contend,  ■•  tho  nea- 
Mire  va*  to  t>c  luapi-odrd.  ibat  it  mta  at  lea*l  imprudent  to  pl«dg«  the 
BrititJi  iiarliament  to  vprciiic  rrjolulinnn.  nhieli  migbt  lie  suprrnrdMl  by 
the  fiilun:  rrlslivc  *itiialion  of  the  coiiDLrics."  No  looticr,  hovcv^r, 
uai  be  conrlnccd  that  tbc  union  bad  become  n)ual[y  dniniblr  and 
iirecMaiy  lu  lr«Ui>d«  thnn  he  cmbnced  the  opportunity  of  esprv»(iN|; 
lliat  opiniuu  with  the  uiuc  niauly  c&ndour  itiul  bud  marked  bu  lirU 
dcclatMico  aa  tlic  subject,  lu  coubxwilj  with  hi*  M'liliatonta  Co  the 
ocectsily  of  eocaplctiii|>  tJu-  iiuportanl  underUkiDg  alii'r  it  had  bmi 
Moe  begun,  we  Sod  biui  uppooiiig  i-vcfy  dctoy  wbioh  the  eiiriDHv  of  tlir 
tneaiure  atuupted  (o  iDtrodnee  in  Uic  pn>gre«  or  ibe  act  of  union 
through  the  houAc  of  lorda. 

In  a  eubmiuiut  debate  li«  tirrlarcil,  "  That  the  objcctiout  he  bml 
urged  «)t>'uM  !'>■'  union  were  in  a  f:re*t  lucuMire  «uper«eded  by  tite  laic 
delcnnJitatiaw  of  the  Irish  pailiaiucai,  and  be  was  ready  to  admit  that 
the  poluU  of  detail  w«r«  fouiulMl  for  the  nott  part  on  jiMt  and  ctiutublc 
priftciptca."  ' 

Hn  loidvbip  wa»  uiutcr  AthUogUHi'a  admiBliintion  kpfHiinicd  com- 
nMndarJa-ckkf  of  hi*  majcity'a  (ortt»  la  Sootlaiid,  and  F^Ti-ally  en- 
drared  bimaalf  to  all  rsiiku  of  tli*  pen{dt<  tn  (hat  pan  of  ibe  kiugdom. 

Or  iIw  IStb  of  July,  ltl04,  lir  married  Flon  Carapbcll,  coudIcm  of 
l^uilon.  In  IdOS  b«  Miceacdtd  on  tlw  dcnili  of  ba  inoilicr  to  lli« 
uieirnt  Englith  baroRiM  whidi  IimI  dfcari>(l4><l  (o  bor.  On  Ibo  deuth 
of  rcrc«Ta1.  Lord  Moim  wm  emplo7«it  to  form  an  eitcndrd  Bdmlni*- 
Irniion,  but  tu\«d  in  the  negotiation,  lie  wna  won  after  noaiiaatod  to 
the  Konmniant  of  Bengal.  Mid  iii  1816  ira«  crvated  Vitcomt  Loudon, 
*«ri  of  Kawdon,  and  iMn|uaM  of  Hasting*.  In  1692  h«  rv1un»*d  to 
En^and,  and  wa*  appointed  gcvcriM*-  of  Mnltn,  hit  pecuniary  emb«f. 
roMment*  not  allowing  biin  to  «««k  th«t  rrpoM  ilue<  to  oge  in  rvlirctncni 
from  public  service-  A  (all  from  hb  horM  acoclenited  lii*  death,  which 
look  ptac«  in  10^6.  He  was  Ricce«dcd  in  hJa  tit)«t  by  Ilia  Mcond  wn. 
George  .Au;^is(i»  Francit,  bom  tn  IBOS. 

A  oontrmporaiy  writer,  fpcakmg  of  hi*  lonbhip,  Mya,— '*  He  i* 
amiabtc  in  private  no  loia  than  great  in  public  life.  Hi*  iDaanef*  am 
marked  by  that  dignified)  yet  gracious  wid  urinving  politcnCH,  whicli  ia 
adapted  to  bespeak  to  any  p):non,  even  at  lirst  night,  tbc  true  nablemui. 
Delicacy  of  *cotiment,  galUnt  ioWvpidity,  bigii  bonuur,  and  unbounded 
^i»ero*ily.  Iiavc  srldoin  lieen  mora  conamcuoa*  in  any  other  clianctrr 
ilian  in  lliat  of  Lord  Moara.  Hi*  liberality,  in  •oou:  riKual  instance*, 
nat  not  long  •iocc  upon  (be  occasion  of  n  suit  at  law — tn  which,  how. 
•vff.  Ki*  lordship  had  no  concern— declared  by  a  jadg«  froin  the  beneii, 
no  duahl,  upon  |c<iihI  inft>nnati<io,  alaolntcly  (o  exceed  all  himnd*. 
Hi*  niunige  and  li>nilude  arc  not  Ixrely  the  armour  of  the  miitd  tn  t» 


POLITICAL  UllCt. 


pat  on  only  tor  tbe  pwilt  of  wirbrc,  ■nil  Ibe  djriag*  o(  battle  :  th^jr 
earilj,  and  withotil  afleelalioD,  accompBiiy  him  in  tdl  tlie  iuddests  of 
ordinary  life.  Tbc  ttoor  of  bii  lunlilitp's  Knuiliar  life  hu  in  it  nadi 
uitaSectcd  divnity.  He  a  an  ^ariy  titer;  and  liii  mornia;;!,  before  the 
bow  (br  ImuJiul,  ara  alloUed  to  the  despatch  of  buitiKM.  to  Ifa*  car*  of 
■Biweriog  letter*,  u  be  receire*  them,  and  to  the  benign  Imik  of  pnyuig 
tbe  nost  fjracimu  atleatton  to  iboie  ouniberkM  Kpfilicaiioo*  lor  pnmm- 
afie  or  relief,  whicb  llie  reputation  of  hi*  bcneroleoee  »aumU7  inrtt**. 
Hii  fomioou  are  in  tfac  country  chiftly  dedicated  to  tb«  amnttmmti 
uf  •gricalture,  into  nil  llie  dctAib  of  irhicb  he  enlen  with  great  cagcr- 
■icM  and  iulelligcnce.  Formerly  wbm  he  u*ed  lo  Uk«  more  freqnently 
the  diver«ioD  of  kuntii^,  be  nu  didinguwfaed  at  a  ungulatly  fcarlcM 
rider,  and  ued  to  ontslrip  all  tbe  country  gcntkineti  in  the  clia«e>  He 
keep*  bonac  with  tbe  liberal  hospitality  be<Mming  an  Engliib  Doblemaa. 
Hw  table  i*  (plendidly  and  lumptuoaily  >rn-i-d;  but  be  biniaeir partalcna 
of  its  plca*urc9  with  cilrai>nlinary  temperance-  Hb  oocnpany  omally 
withdraw  from  tbe  dining-room  to  the  library,  and  tbe  evening  m  tbcn 
given  either  to  cunrersation,  lucb  ai  unitn  llie  feait  of  n«*on  and  tbe 
lloiir  of  Miul,  or  prrhaps  by  i-»-ery  ililfercut  person  10  private  atudy. 
I..»td  Moira  liiiiuelf  hu.  by  reatliu;;,  by  converse,  by  an  extensive  ob* 
trrvatiou  uf  nature  and  sacii.-ty.  ae()iiirvd  a  store  of  knowledge  to  van* 
ous.  so  just,  and  so  profoand.  a*  lo  bare  been  very  mrdy  cqaallcd 
iiDiuag  men  uf  his  rank  and  habits  of  (ife.  He  is  ranarkable  a>  a  vw- 
ntcioui  nraifer.  A  new  book,  fullio;;  into  hi*  bands,  addoiD  &ils  tu 
rngnxa  and  nb«orb  hia  alleiilioo,  till  he  hai  thoroughly  llitllliK  d  ita 
content*,  and,  aa  it  were,  ha»  torn  the  hean  out  of  it.  In  coaeenaikM 
he  ditplay*  a  iningied  pride  and  modeaiy ;  willing  to  expren  hli  pml* 
uicnta,  but  scominf-  to  obtrude,  and  rarely  deigning  to  defend  them : 
never  diotaiorial  nor  pertioacioiuly  disputativc :  bat  ■liuDning,  with  a 
dignity  wbicb  lometiroes  border*  on  liaughtioea*,  to  dcBeend  lo  th« 
level  of  common  convenaiional  (UicuMion*.  Into  the  delaib  of  bnai- 
ncM  of  all  aorls,  be  i*  capable  of  entering  with  uncoatinm  paUenee, 
diMcrnment,  and  peraeverance.  If  Interrupted,  however  often,  by  the 
calls  uf  frieiidfihip  or  of  other  buHiwM,  li«  la  ever  ready  to  tear*  bi« 
anfisbbed  task  to  enter  with  ib«  moat  obliging  and  entire  attaalloti  lolo 
the  naw  avocalioo,  while  it  prrseota  itaclf;  and  then,  when  ihia  inter- 
ruption has  ccAsed)  lo  return  to  that  from  wbicb  he  had  been  calked, 
« iib  a  oiiitd  aa  eoaiptetdy  in  poasession  of  it*  brmcr  part,  aa  if  nothing 
had  iulcrpoied  lo  divert  biin  from  iU  Even  fai>  rnrmirs  bare  n«eer 
been  able  to  withhold  llicir  reluctant  booiage  from  hi>  talent* and  pubUe 
virtot*." 


^rorge  CaiiniiiQ:. 


•oaK  A.  n.  ITTO. — oiao  >.  o.  1937. 


Mr  Caxviko  waa  boni  in  London  on  the  lltk  of  April,  1770. 
Daaccnded  ftoro  bonourable  ai>c«alry,  an  imprudent  marriage  bad  acfi** 
miad  hia  ftlber  from  tbe  protection  and  cootileoauce  of  bia  imi^edlate 
ancMtor,  wlio  left  bim  to  itruggle  ai  be  might,  with  hia  diiaiiroui  and 
Mnktng  fortonea,     DtMppoioUDeoi  and  chagrin  Mut  him  to  a  prcni^ 


FakHD.j 


atouae  Cahxixo. 


SU 


lore  ^rave  on  tb«  flrel  binb^daj*  of  hU  *on,  and  nccmitj-  drove  Iim 
cnallicr  to  Mck  a  prccuioua  (ubtiMence  from  the  *ta^e,  where  the  looa 
eoDlr«cic(l  K  Mcond  marrlag«.  The  Urdy  JuHii«  oT  bii  j^rutdfatlicr 
Mcvr«d  tbe  proper  ediicatioo.  of  tlw  yotiBg  orphan,  by  ihe  K«til«meii( 
upon  liiin  of  a  vmall  Iritli  e^laie,  llia  tpplication  of  wliirli  (o  dial  pur- 
poM  m>  awperiorendMl,  op  to  Ihe  poriod  of  hb  pntrring  the  iinivtfMtjr, 
bjr  bi*  i;iiArdtia  and  uncW,  an  cminrnt  incrcbont  nf  LoimIoo.  At  twrt*« 
j«8r»  of  age  Mr  CnnninK  m»  frat  to  Eton,  viirrr  he  at  orico  bMwtn* 
<btiPtt«Mli«d  a«  «  KedukKia  Kcholor,  tuid  wbrrv  hit  rradjr  opprdiMiaiaii 
•mI  rrHwil  (njrtn  wrrc  rarly  iodicBl«d  in  the  extreme  correctneM  and 
polish  of  ill*  Uiiin  and  Englith  cxcrcbet,  both  in  proie  and  verie.  Hi 
Conlribnlioiu  to  the  Miciono^in, — a  periodical  tlicn  in  esisleucc  at 
£ii>n,  arc  chnmctrritnl  by  tniieli  facility  of  cxpri-niofl,  puritj-  if  not 
brilliancy  of  dyU-,  and  frctjucntly  by  a  rein  of  wrll-^unlttiiwd  irony: 
litrrary  qunlilirs  wIJuiii  unilnl  iu  the  proiluetioni  of  a  schoolboy.  At 
tcvcDirrn  he  B'as  tranftferrtd  lo  Oxford,  « litre  lie  more  than  luntaintd 
the  n-putulion  he  had  acquired  at  I^loo.  Hi*  c««ri«  through  the  uni- 
versity WM  t<|kially  ninikcd  byaevcR  ttudy  asd  honuuraUa  diatioctiou, 
aad  few  (tat<«nien  have  gaifaeml  froto  book*  *o  nncli  actual,  pncticaU 
and  available  Imoiricdgo  of  men.  Hi*  conncctioim  at  lh«  uoivenlly 
wen  formed  with  much  pmdence  anil  Miciirity,  and  were  fur  the  moot 
part  both  durable  and  valuable.  Many  uf  liii  intimates  were  aubiC' 
qucnily  dUtinguialied  in  llie  counirU  of  th«  uaiioa.  and  a  fHeodahlp 
alike  lioaourable  and  advaatageovs  to  both,  wa«  rxcit^tl  and  cheriih«d 
by  kindred  aMociations  and  panatta  beloeen  him  and  the  lair  Lord 
Liverpool,  vhich,  Ibrough  a  long  career,  survired,  on  tbe  oat  aidti  tha 
diaparily  of  rank,  forlane  and  iofluMicc.  aod  on  ihe  other,  (ha  jealonxy 
of  political  rivalry : — 


Aft*  MB  alia  1*^  I'DVitla, 
IbUtaqH  •t«t  toc^" 

Ob  fvceivtog  a  bachelor's  degree.  Mr  Canning  left  ibe  unirertliy, 
and  entered  faimtelf  a  (number  of  the  aociety  of  Liiicoto'a  inn.  It  ■• 
not  believed  that  he  applied  biauelf  to  the  aludy  of  Ihe  lav  vilb  any 
view  lo  ntake  it  hi*  prolMsion,  lince  Ibete  i*  not  a  ainglc  paaMge  in  hi* 
jwuncrou  (peechc*  which  indicate*  a  connH>  of  iMbnieil  atady.  Tlia 
flightB  of  bit  mind  were  never  trammelled  by  ibe  fctleft  of  ibc  bar- 
Doabtlaa  the  opportunity  wa>  improved  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  ih* 
principicB  of  Ibe  runalilulion,  and  of  Ihe  hixtory  of  Kngii>h  jiiriiipni> 
dcncc.  But  Lord  LaiMdownea  prediction  In  llentbam,  Ihni  Canning 
would  one  day  be  prime  ratnialcr,  waa  founded  upon  other  pfO|;nuiiie» 
tlian  bi*  ataidaon*  ailenlion  to  ibe  gloMe-*  of  Coke  or  Hole-  Hti  aca- 
demic reputaiioi)  had  preceded  bim  to  London,  and  waa  conRrmcd  and 
exieiKied  by  the  imprctaion  he  uton  began  lo  nuke  iH  aoina  of  the  pri- 
vate circle*  of  the  melropoUi,  and  in  the  debating  locictict  (o  which  he 
KMirled  lor  the  purpote  of  acquiring  fliieoey  and  r«iadin4w*  u  a  apeaker, 
■nd  wbieh  were  ibeu  in  high  faahioa  aod  dignity.  He  had  bcvn  pre 
riouily  iotroduced  to  tbe  leading  whig*  of  the  period  at  the  hotiM  ol 
hb  Bscle,  wlwrre  he  bad  aliraclcd  tbe  particular  notice  of  Shcndan, 
with  whom  be  now  became  intimalc.  There  can  be  bttle  doubt,  thai 
If  ai  thi*  tiait  ha  had  not  aelually  r««eived  ovenure*  from  tbe  oppoai. 

rti.  2  I 


SM 


rOLITICAi:,  SKRIBai 


n*n»»" 


tion,  hii  OT^R,  at<M  of  hi«  awocialM,  «i<l  t)i«  mppKrent  biat  oT  his 
prcTiou*  opinions  led  ttty  naiunll}'  lo  the  tx-ltof  thol  ho  wouM  rraililji 
eonwDt  10  I'Qtcr  parliament  iiixfrr  the  aiigpjcc*  of  ihit  party.  That 
tueh  wu  tlie  iii>prei»ion  ortomc.  at  least  of  tbs  lrJrn<U  of  Mr  Canning, 
it  obvloa*  froiB  lli(^  nllmion  of  Mr  Slirridun  ta  hira.  on  tbo  firtt  npprmr- 
tncv  of  Lord  Livrrpool.  thrn  Mr  Cliarlcs  .IcnkinMiti,  in  a  d^batt  in  tbc 
bouw  of  commonly  Mr  Sheridan,  on  that  occaiiivn,  ivfprrnl  to  him 
M  liltply,  hon-ctcr  great  miglit  be  tl>e  prorobe  of  tbr  f;<>otkinun,  whose 
■dbcaion  to  thi?  miiiiiter  had  juit  been  dcclumi,  to  allcird  to  tbe  oppo* 
ailion  an  antagoniit  power  of  Burj)aa«iu);  wei);ht  and  f;raviiy.  Tliat 
poucr,  hovcTcr,  via  deiliued  br  tbe  opposite  acale;  and  in  1793,  at 
tbc  a^  of  ihrr«-8nd-tweuty,  Mr  Canniiif;,  faaving  reliuquiabed  liis  legi^ 
aluilicfl,  waa  brought  iulo  parliatneot  by  Mr  Pill,  aitd  look  hi»  *m  on  the 
miuUtriial  benclifa  for  the  borough  of  Newport,  in  ibe  Isle  of  WighU 

Mr  CaiiniD};*H  flrat  speech  in  tbe  houw  of  commooa  va*  detiveml  OB 
the  Slit  of  January,  1794,  apon  tbc  Sardihtan  nilwidy.  From  Ihia 
•pwdi  we  (ball  make  a  abort  extract,  in  order  to  enable  oar  mdrr*  l« 
judg«  of  the  Gr»t  rlTort  of  a  dbiiii^ninhed  debater,  ntlher  tlian  bccaai(« 
the  oocaaioD  demanded  or  fumlthed  nny  unufval  dttptay  of  tiic  pomp 
of  oraton'.  Thir  cperch  in  qiirvtioii  i«  ralhor  characlMtud  by  a  drar 
■rnuigemenl  and  a  prlliicid  inuiiparrney  of  langsagr,  than  by  apjeodid 
diction  or  peculiar  rehrmencc  or  cogency  of  argument  In  ivply  to 
Mr  Gray,  among  ollirr  topics,  Mr  Canning;  urncd  llie  Iblloirin};  :— 

"  But  wlirn  neither  our  n-aion  nor  our  pradenew  can  be  >et  af^ioat 
Uie  war,  un  aiteuipt  i<  mode  to  abmi  our  appretienskin*.  Tlie  Freoclt 
are  staled  to  be  lux  invincible  people :  inflamed  to  a  d4^;ree  of  nadoea 
with  Ibc  holy  4>tiitiu»ia>im  al  freedoio,  there  ■*  nothing  that  Ihry  will  not 
■iHleriaKe,-~ifaere  i>  nothing  thai  thi-y  cannot  aceampliab.  I  ani  ■■ 
retdy  a*  any  man  to  allow  thut  the  French  are  cnihuiiaalically  anima- 
ted, be  it  ho«f  it  may,  to  a  atale  of  atnolute  insanity.  I  dcure  bo  bet. 
ler  proof  of  Iheir  being  mad,  tlian  to  see  Ihein  hu(,i,-iog  tbeai(«lvra  h) 
a  ayalrni  of  aUvcry  to  gruM  and  griiMliog  a*  ibeir  pmvnt,  and  railing 
at  the  same  lime  upon  all  Europe  lo  admiro  and  eory  their  fKedom. 
But  before  their  plea  of  siadneu  can  be  ailmiiicd  a*  coiicluaiw  afainot 
our  right  to  be  nt  war  wilh  iheni,  grnllemrn  nooM  do  well  lo  rt«f>IW«< 
Ibat  of  mailneM  ibere  are  leversl  kioih.  II  their*  hid  been  a  bartulN* 
hliot  lunacy,  which  had  Mioteiiled  itielf  with  playinf  ita  Ukk*,  and 
practMlog  iia  Iboleriea  at  hoaw;  with  drcHing  up  MrumMU  in  oak- 
leavpc,  and  inventing  dmIcdbiup«  (or  tbe  calradar,  I  fthoutd  haiv  bt*« 
br  from  ilMiring  lo  interrupt  their  innoreot  amuM-menI;  we  might  hare 
koked  on  with  Iw-arty  cooiempt,  indeed,  ImI  with  coolcmpt  not  wholly 
unmixed  wtlh  comniiteraiion. 

"  Unt  if  theirs  be  a  niadnria  of  a  different  kind,  a  moody,  raiKkiav* 
7Ua  tntanily, — if  doI  cuotented  with  tearing  and  wounding  ihcnaelinw^ 
Ibey  proceed  lo  exert  ibeir  uanalural  iircngih  for  the  annoyance  of  IliHr 
Bcighbuara, — if  not  tattled  with  weaving  >itau**  and  wearing  lellen  at 
kaimi  lliey  allempt  lo  carry  their  syilema  and  their  ataTery  abeoad,  ami 
lo  inpoaa  them  upon  the  nalioiM  ol  Europe ;  it  becomea  uecevary  ilien 
Uiat  ihoec  nalioaa  ifcoakl  be  rouaed  lo  reaklance.  Sock  a  d>B|>o*liiaa 
niHi.  for  iha  Nlrcy  ind  ptaca  of  tbo  vorML  be  rcpeUed,  and,  if  poMiblr, 
eradicated."* 

■  araothaik  i«i.  L  rr.  II,  ■•. 


I 
I 


I'laiDD.] 


OIOBO  CANNIH0. 


856 


It  liM  beta  reniariiMl  that  Mr  Pitt,  unlikv  Sir  Robert  Walpol«,  wiUi 
wbum  ho  ban  been  oonpared,  «u  not  couEcnt  merely  to  lUHlain  tiimwlf 
ID  bi*  «I(9v»tvd  poailion,  but  iliat  he  cotiilintly  created  occacions  for 
iriilening  the  circle  of  hid  iuflueocet  aixl  conjured  up  the  ipirits  ofvw 
•ad  debt  aud  prerogatit^,  that  b«  might,  at  the  only  potent  rndgiciao, 
b*  called  vpoo  to  lay  them.  Hence  It  happcoed  tJat  tli«  oKigrncira  of 
hia  admiDialralloa  required  not  only  ardeot  and  arduooi  pcrmnnl  rxcr- 
tKHti  but  cap«blc  and  rewluto  auxiliarie*.  We  do  iwt  fcrl  called  upon 
to  adopt  the  theory  ;  but  it  is  cerlain,  that  from  ioido  enuM!,  tli«  minis- 
tor  (>iili*ici)  in  the  wrric*  of  the  government  mneh  of  ihi?  riun;;  lalrnt 
of  tlw  country,  llic  iDinisUrtBl  boroa|;hii  rHiimed  rioijui-rit  voices  aa 
well  u  cxcrllrnt  vole*,  atiil  the  trcaiury  benches  Aimiiliril  room  for  lli« 
cxpandinfi;  proraicc  uf  the  otixiure  utiil  unconnected.  Men  indeed  were 
•ought  by  both  partici  in  u  maiinvr  whicli  i»  rather  cbaractn'iklic  of  an 
■Dciant  or  en  iduil  aucii-ty,  than  the  artificial  and  complex  principles  of 
modem  politic*,  and  metll  wa*  rr«quenlly  tliK<ovcred  in  the  cluba  and 
uairertitiea,  to  be  inlroduoed  to  p«rliaaicnt  and  pinccil  in  ibn  carerr  of 
IkOROuraUe  ambition.  Mr  Canning,  himsrir  a  signal  in>tniicc  of  ih« 
•iiccwa  of  lacli  a  syOem,  did  not  bclio  tbo  rrputattun  ubicb  had  rni- 
dered  him  ao  object  of  atlcniion  to  tb«  ingacily  of  the  mioiaicr,  and 
which)  in  1796,  Mxationed  hi*  apfminiment  n*  one  of  )li«  under  iccre- 
tarin  Dr>tatc.  A»  ha  began  to  fcvl  hi>  gruutid  more  firmlyi  aod  aa  the 
Mfopoi  of  cvc^W,  though  it  added  link-  brilliancy  (o  U>c  canaa  of  the 
buropcaa  coalition,  cmtcd  a  kiron|;er  and  deeper  dbtnut  it  Uit  mOr 
live*,  and  di*f[u«t  at  the  mvuurea  of  Fraooei  hia  Aigfala  becama  mote 
auilaiiirti,  and  bn  doquenoe  oiora  ardent  and  rapid.  Hi*  spoech  in 
1708  upon  Mr  Ti4-rti*y'a  nwtioD  reapecting  pcaee  mth  France,  »at  ■ 
•pirndid  ptiilippie,  in  «biclt  llie  vbolu  liittory  and  policy  of  Ilia  war, 
and  it*  anlagoni*t*,  irerr  dtTeloped  nitli  a  vixour  of  orj^uwent  and  •»• 
verily  of  utire,  only  equalti-d  by  it*  graceful  wit,  aod  pure  und  liarnuv 
BKNii  language.  IT  nui  to  cuiu pre li« naive  in  ita  liiitorical  detail^  nor 
■OcloM  in  ila  logical  dcduUioit*,  aa  tlie  cfilebmcd  effort  of  Mr  Fitt 
upon  ika  aiuoe  ■ubject,  dvliiere<l  ftwrteen  month*  later,  ajid  *aid  to  be 
hi*  lUatcr-pico'.  it  certainly  reaclied  a  ptHnt  ol  more  glowing  and  go^ 
uial  brauly.  We  very  fn-vly  admit  thai  tltc  war  waa  a  topic  oot  only 
peculiarly  adapted  to  .^lr  Caaning'a  atylv  of  oratary,  but  that  ita  priiw 
cipaJ  otttLinw  lay  in  bold  relief,  oud  were  eauly  ojiprociabk.  'fbe  tbtm* 
woa  a  grcM  owe,  and  ita  Glein4>nt*,  for  tho  moat  piart  *«ra  greod.  It 
wa»  the  art  of  uoiting  Uioae  dcmcmla  and  blending  thoM  oullinaa,^ — of 
filling  up  the  piciare,  or  concealing  ita  defioimoie*,— of  Hipplyiag  the 
peoptr  tmti  lo  feed  the  flame  of  oaliDnal  pridcr-~of  working  ujiun  onibi- 
lio*  by  aucoeai^  and  alimulaiiag  deapoodcncy  by  vidory^-ol  keeping 
out  of  *igtit  the  original  principles  of  the  revolution,  and  otdy  bringing 
into  view  ii*  monatroiM  Blnitew, — of  j^uupiuj;,  «o  to  speak,  in  one  falaek 
and  tbreaioniDg  maa*.  all  the  di-grodaliou  and  deapoiian  of  (he  pwaint, 
and  hiding  by  iU  meant  tbc  tyranny  oihI  alaveryof  ifae  paalt  wlueh  dia- 
lingititlwd  ll>H  fine  oration.  At  tkie  riak  of  some  injuatica  to  it*  aatbor, 
by  lli«  quotation  of  delsclied  portion*  of  an  extended  argam«t>li  w« 
■Dint  iiidulKO  aw  rcodns  with  the  folloaiog  Mlectioa*: — 

"  1'herv  i*.  howevrr,  oaoihar  oimI  a  more  general  argument,  eompre- 
liemling  alike  tbnc  and  the  other  power*  of  Europe;  which,  but  that 
it  lio*  bci'u  atalcd  by  iJie  lionourable  gentlctuan,  I  tJiouId  really  baio 


856 


ntfricAL  BiHiii- 


tw, 


I 


tfaoD^l  loarcety  worth  coufuUtioo,  We,  it  ttvmt — •  wi»e.  pnidm^ 
TCfleoting  prople — arc  murli  airuck  uilh  all  (bo  ouingci  that  Praoc* 
liM  coiaaiittrd  upon  the  cootinenl ;  but  on  th*;  powen  of  the  continvM 
it»etr,  DO  luting  inipr«uion  ba*  brf^  madn.  U  liiii  probable  ?  Is  H 
ponible?  I*  it  in  tlie  nature  of  tliiDgv  that  tlic  conitmpUtion  oF  ih» 
wrongs  and  misvriM  which  other*  have  cudurtnl,  ahoulil  liave  norkrd  k 
(Icppcr  impretsioo  upon  our  mindi  thai)  the  sofleriug  of  iboao  fBl»eri«> 
sod  wrong*  has  left  on  the  niin<Ia  of  thox:  upon  ulioin  Ihtj  wtre  acta 
ally  inflicted  ? 

'  Saeoliu  RTilanl  aniiniit  i1«m>iM  por  aur**. 
Qum  t|uB  Hiot  oculli  uibjccu  Itdallbiu.' 

Vet  tb«  ecbo  and  report  of  the  blow*  by  which  other  eoantriea  Imt« 
ftllen,  arc  vopposcd  to  hare  had  more  rfll^t  upon  u<  than  the  blow* 
tbOBIM'lvm  proilorrd  upon  tlir  miM-rablc  vicliins  who  *unk  bi'iKRih  tbrtn. 

"  The  pillage  and  bloody  ilcTaitalion  of  Italy  strike  ua  with  horror; 
but  Italy,  wc  arc  to  beticTc,  i*  conlcnleil  with  what  lia*  brbllen  her. 
Thf  insult*  which  are  hurled  by  the  Freoeb  f^rriaou  from  th«  ««IU  of 
the  ciLadd  of  Turin  rouse  n-ieiilmeut  in  our  brcaits :  but  kaT«  bo  tt- 
Uet  on  the  feelinga  of  the  PiedoKiRtew.  We  read  with  indignation  of 
the  flag  of  Beraodottc  displayed  io  mockery  and  iniult  to  the  emperor 
and  his  snbjecta ;  but  it  flaunted  in  the  eyes  of  the  peopto  of  Vienna 
without  ciciling  any  emotions  of  hatred  or  rcaeatoient.  Th«  invasion 
of  a  pTovinc-c  of  a  friendly  pnwrr,  with  whom  they  bad  no  rauic  nor 
prctrxt  lor  hostility,  has  created  in  us  a  decided  detestation  for  the  an* 
principb-d  hypocriiy  and  aiiibitioii  of  the  Directory ;  but  the  Ottoman 
Portf  sits  down  cunU'nicd  witli  the  lots  of  Egypt;  ficeb  no  itynr}'.  and 
dcsim  ortihcr  rcparotion  nor  rcfcngc. 

"  And  then.  Sir,  the  wrong*  of  SwitMrrland  t  Tbey,  loo.  are  eatev- 
lated  to  excite  an  intcrcM  here;  bat  the  Swiss  no  doubt  endure  them 
with  quiet  reaigoation  and  cootented  humility.  If,  after  lb«  taking  of 
Soleure,  the  venerable  magimratn  of  that  place  were  lini  paraded  roand 
the  town  in  barbaroiu  triumph,  and  alterwards,  contrary  to  all  the  laws 
of  war,  of  nalioDS.  aod  of  nature,  were  inhumanly  put  to  death :  if, 
when  the  unolTcoding  town  of  Sion  capitulated  to  the  Fmieb,  the  Iroopa 
were  let  loose  to  revel  in  every  species  ol'  liecotioasiMM  and  cruelly ; — 
IT  the  women,  alVr  having  been  brutally  violated,  were  thrown  alir* 
into  the  &m«9;  if,  more  recently,  when  Slants  was  ewrried,  after  a  slMft 
but  vigorous  and  honouraUa  reaiataace.  such  aa  woaM  have  coocilialed 
the  esteem  of  any  bat  a  Prvadi  caiH)u«ror,  the  whole  town  wu  barot 
to  the  ground,  and  llio  atlie*  qnenclMd  with  the  htood  of  the  iahabi> 
tant* :— the  bare  rrrtia)  of  iheae  horror*  and  atroeiiiet  awakens  in  Brt> 
tish  bosomt,  I  Iriut  it  does  nwokcn.  I  tni*t  ii  will  long  keep  alive,  aa 
abhorrence  of  the  nation  anil  name  of  that  people  by  whom  saeh  exe- 
crable crurllies  have  been  practiwd.  and  sach  lerribie  calaiaitjea  (afliel- 
ed :  but  on  the  Swisi  ^we  are  to  undrMand.)  tlie«e  crudttM  and  rail 
Biitiea  have  left  no  loslmg  inprcssiOD  i  the  inhabiiaot*  of  Sotoartt  vfie 
fcllewedi  with  tears  of  aBguisb  and  indignation,  their  venerated  nta^^ 
Irates  (o  a  death  of  (error  and  ignominy;  the  bmbandsand  fjlliers.and 
aims  of  iho^e  wretched  riclims  who  expired  in  torture  and  in  shame 
beneath  the  brutality  of  a  savage  soldiery  at  Sion :  lh«  wr»*eh«d  *or> 
virors  of  those  who  perished  in  the  rviiu  of  their  eouiHty  at  Staata- 


I 


PlUOV.] 


OSOaoS  CAKRIRO. 


B57 


ihcy  all  Ml  but  a  Iraiitirnt  pang :  their  tnn  b}-  thU  time  are  dried ; 
ibcir  rage  »  butbM);  their  reftentmrat  •iteiiccd;  there  i*  nothing  in  their 
tetViDfp  which  can  be  tlimulaled  into  honourabtc  and  cITuctiul  action: 
(here  I*  MO  motive  for  their  eimioon,  upon  ubich  ire  e»a  aafely  and 
pennaneDtly  rely  I  &r,  I  tliould  be  uhamcd  to  nMe  your  tiiue  by 
arguing  Mich  a  qucftion." 


"  There  ii  yet  another  pmnt  of  viewi  in  which  tlii*  ar^pimeot  may  be 
coB<ii)crcil.  Let  na  compare  the  expcclationi  wbicli  we  may  be  allowed 
tn  form  of  our  allir*,  iriili  the  chancier  and  liiuaiion  of  the  *ereral 
alltc*  of  Franctr.  If  we,  in  reiiewia];  (be  Rmt  confederacy  of  the 
powcra  of  the  coatiiwnl,  are  veiivinj!  a  rope  of  aaiid ; — let  us  examine 
vhiftbcr  tbc  cuiinrctions  of  France  are  bound  la  her  by  a  chain  nhieh 
nothinf;  can  looien.  It'  (he  |>rouDd  upon  which  we  ttand  h  fuiw  and 
bullow,  let  U9  ice  whether  the  alliaocea  of  France  ri»l  upon  a  moes 
Mable  and  Rulid  roondaiion.  If  tb*  ooly  «nre  bondaiioR  of  perronnent 
alliance  betweeu  nations  niu<t  be  laid  in  conimnnity  of  intemt  anti  of 
Muiimcnt,  in  the  teoM  of  niuiual  brnrliti.  or  in  the  inlcrcfannge  of 
protection  OD  the  one  Hde,  and  atlDchmcnt  na  the  other; — (rt  us  look 
round.  Sir,  among  tli«  atate*  trhirh  are  immciliati^ly  connrcieil  with 
France; — let  UR  examine  the  bcnrfils  wfakh  tliey  dcri>-e  hoia  her 
friendnhip,  and  it  will  not  br  difHcult  to  cMiniatc  tbe  nHi-'ciion  vhich 
they  niu*t  owe  ti>  bcr  in  rcCum.  I*  it  in  tbe  Citalpinr.  the  Human,  ih* 
Ligurian  Tcpublici,  those  drrormnl  and  ridufy  cbildrvn,  upon  whan 
tbc  molhrr  republic  has  laTinhed  lo  much  of  lier  care :  is  it  in  ihete, 
liowever  Ihey  may  bear  the  preoions  reMoiblaiide  of  tlieir  parent,  that 
we  are  to  luolt  for  tbe  fondnen  of  lilta)  duty  aod  ailacfamenl  ?  Are  wa 
to  look  for  it  in  the  Citalpine  republici  whom,  in  preference  to  ilia 
elberi^  riia  appear*  to  have  selvcted  mt  a  living  subject  fur  her  experl- 
iiienti  In  political  anatomy ;  utbom  the  lut  deliverttl  up  tied  and  bound 
to  a  wrie*  of  bulchcnng,  bungling,  pliiloaopliical  profe»or«,  lo  distort, 
and  muigle.  nnd  lop,  and  atretob  it*  limb*  into  all  aoeta  of  fiiniMlMa) 
•bapeo,  and  to  hunt  throagb  ita  palpitating  frwn«  lb*  vital  principM  of 
rtpuUtcaiiisn)  ?  ■•  iIm  infant  Roman  republic  ao  graliKrd  by  tba 
pmCOt  which  Fnuic*  hoa  made  lo  it  of  five  conioU  inatrod  of  two.  ■> 
to  forKel  all  the  mttcrir*,  the  robbery,  (he  confiicniion,  and  tbe  bkwd) 
by  whicb  thii  invatDable  aetjubitton  has  been  purchnMil?  I>oe*  Ika 
prolectiod  which  she  lia>  nllufdcd  10  tfca  Liguriao  republic,  entitle  hw 
(u  ilicir  aicciiooale  ackiiuHU-dgmentand  pioaa  devotion?  Obwrve,  I 
beg  of  yoo.  in  what  a  N(uBiii>n  those  unl'urtunatc  Liguriana  have  been 
pland  by  lier.  Tbey  are  forced  into  arii  of  ouinf-e  and  faoMllity  agaiml 
England.  We  declare  war  aKatiMt  ifaem:  aixl  ■uch  i*  ibdr  oonAdemM 
IB  the  protection  of  Froncr,  iliat  no  aooaer  Im  that  war  been  dadarcd, 
iImr  Ifaey  come  craw  ling  upon  their  kneci  to  implore  our  pity  and  for- 
beannce  I  Unnatural  Ligunsn*  I  if  (hey  are  not  thankful  for  jtich  on 
inuancv  of  tbe  parental  •olictludo  of  Pr»nc«  for  tbeir  weltarvt 

"  But.  perhapK  with  more  powcrfol  and  more  retpeeled  alliea,  witb 
tiioie  nho»c  name*  were  brouftlit  forward  with  tucb  d)*|<lay  and  oaten- 
taiioD  in  tbe  negottatioa  at  Lule.  a*  iouparably  ooane«led  with  lbs 
honour  and  inler««i*  otdie  French  republic i  perbap*  with  Holland  and 
with  Spain  a  gmler  degrev  of  forfaearaoce  hat  been  obeerved ;  a  more 


3&e 


POLITICAL  >SKISa. 


IK. 


friendly  and  librnl  int«rcounp  ha*  been  c*Ublblie<! ;  «  mofn  hoaonrvbl* 
uid  i ltd F pendent  nyitetn  or  caninianiattion  baa  bcrn  mainlBined. 

"The  fhcnijuhip  of  Holland  I  Tbi'  iiulrpvDclt.-iice  of  Spain  1  I* 
tbere  a  man  to  Itcsollrd  lu  to  luppoin  Ibat  ihi^rc  is  one  bour  of  pF*c« 
with  France  preserved  by  either  «f  these  unhappy  ciiunlriei;  tliat  titrr* 
i*  one  KVllnble  of  friendship  uttered  by  them  luwanl*  FniDce,  but  mlimX 
i»  eiiortrd  by  tlic  itniiKxllaln  prewure,  or  by  tbe  dread  and  turor  of 
French  ormii' 


-'  moulh-hooour,  brnlh 


Wh<ch  tli«  poor  hcui  Kuutd  tain  rrriuc,  bul  dare  not  f 

"  Hare  the  rcgeaeraled  republic  of  Hollud,  or  (be  AtfndtA  mott- 
archy  of  Spain,  hucIi  reajtou  to  rcjoiee  in  lli«  proteetion  of  llie  French 
republic,  that  th^y  would  voluntarily  tbrow  lh«in*»lvea  b«tweea  b^r 
and  any  blow  which  migbt  meoacc  faer  exitleiice  /  Holland  ooec  bad 
vcBllhi  bad  iiidiutry,  liad  commerce.  Where  are  tbey  now  ?  Gooe; 
■waUowed  op  In  die  all^devovring  gulf  of  Freneh  banhrupiey.  Hal- 
land  onee  had  flouriihiug  oolonJca;  tbom,  perliap#,  Franee  li««  pre*«iivd 
for  her.  The  Hag  of  the  eneRiie*  of  France  i»  flying  nt  Ceylon  and  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  llopt.  Holland  had  once  n  navy ,^4  n^vy  of 
■trengib,  and  gallantry,  and  reputation, — a  nary  irliieh  hai  often  coa- 
(eoded  cTcn  viih  our  own,  and  eonleniied,  with  no  mean  exertion,  fur 
the  mattery  of  the  sea.  Where  if  it  now?  Whcm  i>  tJie  skill  whieli 
directed. — ihe  peomptne**.  coiirngo,  nml  vigour,  whii^h  manned  it?  All 
Utterly  deftroyed  and  gone.  Tlic  banvfiil  touch  of  French  fraternity 
hat  blimtcd  the  rep  Illation,  ha*  unmanned  the  »treegth,  ban  boanl  th« 
tpiril  of  the  people,  in  tbe  tame  proportion  at  it  baa  exhausted  tli« 
reiHnirceii  oflhe  country.  The  Kpiril  of  the  people  b  boireil,  it  itirue; 
but  let  u*  truit  that  it  U  not  broken ;  let  a»  Itopa  that.  If  an  opening 
•bould  ba  practnUd,  it  may  yet  spring  up  with  auddcn  and  IrrealMIMa 
violence^  lo  iba  aMomiabinMit  andovenlirow  of  iu  oppreaaon.'* 

W«  have  alluttcd  more  pnrtieolarly  to  tfaia  tpeeoh,  bccancv  while  it 
embodiea  hmmI  of  tbe  parliciilar  charadcriatiea  of  the  orator,  (t  fur- 
nithec,  in  a  Mtb&clory  form,  the  prominent  rea*on«  why,  aa  a  politician, 
lie  defmdnl  tbe  leading  tneaiure  of  Mr  Pitt'i  foreign  policy.  We  eoutd 
wiih  tbat  hi*  adrocation  had  br<-n  a>  succcMful  vlien  Ite  ailcin|>tril  to 
viiidieeie  the  lUtpefiaioD  of  the  ^i>i6tiM  corpus,  and  Ibe  direction  of  the 
whote  battery  of  tbe  iiaie  acsiort  tbe  eiprtuion  of  frto  opanKMM,  and 
(bo  formation  of  tibi-fal  aocietia^  Tbe  progweotiona  of  Home  and 
Hanly,  and  tbe  jwlidBl  nurdent  in  Ireland,  would  bate  diagra<<rd  the 
wofrt  ^ayt  of  Uie  Mai^ebambcr.  Slate  nn-euity,  that  univcr«al  favour- 
ite of  lymnta.  aeeni*  lo  have  been  dirorccd  frum  tbe  BouriMM,  only  lo 
bo  taken  inio  keeping  by  tbe  Broosvidu;  and  it  u  with  regret  thai  wm 
mukt  add,  thai  lh«  illicit  union  received  tbe  full  approbaiioo  of  tbe  ace- 
ralary. 

To  Ibe  promolioD  of  Ihat  dariiof;  mcarare  of  Mr  Pitt,  the  IrUi 
Union,  Mr  Canning  lent  ibe  full  force  and  weifht  of  bit  abililJr*.  H* 
argued  it,  it  >•  trne^  opon  brood  and  griieral  i^roondi ;  but.  conneMed 
a*  he  BM  with  tbe  gm-enim«nt(  it  waa  hi*  duly  to  know,  on  ihr  mintrtar 
certainly  did  Loow.  that  tbe  Uoioit  could  only  be  iffreted  by  ptoo 


*  Srotlai^  nL  I.  rr  «,  W  M. 


FfklM.J 


OKOflOK  CAtmiKO. 


«» 


to  Irdaad  wbat  Gt«rge  the  Third  nould  nevpr  con«pfit  to  grant  her. 
AotieipailDg  that  faith  muU  necMMrily  be  lirokcn  »i[b  tlmt  country, 
oagbt  h«  not  ^to  to  ha*e  nntlcipiti-'vl  Tor  her  n  rrp^tilton  ami  n^uplicft- 
tion  or  ail  iba  ItLa  which  the  had  »iitr«rril  from  England,  tince  Kiokud 
Sinngbou-  tint  UndH  h'n  iDynnidon*  in  Wcxr<ird?  WouM  it  ccmoto 
h«r  fur  violfttffd  (aith  and  iMrlercd  indcprndcDcc,  (hat  the  mom^  of 
hrr  liiloil  Mos  «hoidd  rtnp,  in  Ibo  Hrituh  cabin^-i,  the  rrv-anl  of  her 
)>TMtra[ion.  and  after  hattenin^,  like  the  young  pnlic«n,  on  the  blond  oT 
hi*  parr~nt,  (hoiiM  rarrv  hb  George  and  hi*  garter  la  tlic  congrrM  of 
th«  ftoly  Alliance  t  Tako  away  lliat  rdigioii*  emancipation  which  ah* 
had  M)  long  erar«d,  anil  for  which  »he  xtoml  ready  to  yield  the  (leoreM 
•cealar  ri^hi  end  honour  of  freemen,  that  of  *elf>gov«Tnn>ent ;  and  what 
had  IrrUnit  to  gain  by  the  Union  ?  She  had  alrrnily  obtained  from  lh« 
IJenrir«,  tlii;  Kichards.  nnd  the  E<l«ariU,  itlincklcii  on  her  lilMTttrs,  re* 
•tridion*  on  hrr  cotnmrrer,  and  ri-iten  on  her  contciencc:  atid  from 
the  Charlcws,  the  WiltiaaiN,  auJ  the  Annc«,  a  Uceotiou*  coart,  a  d^ 
bated  cnrreiieyi  and  a  hotiile  priesthood.  It  needed  but  a  eontinitancc 
of  the  foateriii^  >olicilude  of  the  Georgts,  alternately  fttmulating  her 
to  retwIlioDi  and  draf;ooniD)>  her  into  labmiMioa,  to  attract  from  lier  her 
gcotiy  and  her  capital,  and  to  chain  down  her  starving  peaMntry  to  pAo- 
perUm  and  crinie  at  hofnc,  or  to  drive  Hum  into  hopdeM  tlelotiy 
abroad,  and  the  eirdc  of  benign  infiucncp*  would  be  complete.  Hmsaci- 
paiHMi  hanHJnce  been  grHnted,  or  we  nlmidd  more  correctly  »»y,eiton«d; 
but  the  long  arrear  of  wtm^  ix  not  to  be  effaced  by  (uch  tardy  and 
limping  Jn*lice;  right  ii  not  la  be  propitiated  by  a  taerilicc  to  ner^iuiiyt 
and  Irrlfttid  >lill  atandR  toward*  l-'ngland  in  the  aanic  attitude  of  oflcnded 
tnajeity,  and  indignant  and  infulled  justice. 

It  b  <|uito  true  that  Mr  Piti,  and  of  course  Mr  Canning  alon^  with 
him,  micned  hia  oHice  In  1801,  upon  the  eipreM  groutid,  a*  wu  nl- 
Ipged  by  nil  fl-iends,  of  Inability  to  keep  the  term  of  hia  treaty  with 
the  Irbk  Catholtca.  Bot  It  Is  al»o  tree  that  both  Mr  Pitt  and  Mr  Can* 
ning  again  look  oSlce  in  1804,  with  all  the  prrjudicc*  of  the  king  sub- 
ahtiif  in  umKmtnbbcd  force,  and  imH  only  wiihoat  itipulalions  in  fa- 
vour of  tbe  Calholio*.  bat  to  the  exprrM  cieluaion  of  that  part  of  the 
romicr  adroinbttBtloii  and  tkiir  Bdherrnt*,  known  a«  the  Grcarillc  |iarty, 
who  naafiilly  pitaervcd  their  oociiiatency  opon  litis  ijuntiun.  It  it 
hnher  true,  thaL  in  tbe  uune  year,  be  voted  with  tbc  urw  minister 
acilMt  the  Catholic  petition:  that  in  ltW>6,  (luring  Mr  Fox's  brief  term 
of  office,  he  Joined  the  opposition  to  that  mlBbler'a  meturfi  for  their 
relief:  that  in  1807,  wben  the  Crenville  afatbtry  ww  tvperseded  upon 
ihw  Tcry  ground,  be  took  oAce  under  Ibe  duke  of  Portland,  and  that, 
in  IBW,  he  apoke  agaimt  Mr  Grsttan's  nkotion  for  a  eommitler.  Up 
to  the  ciril  detiibe  of  the  king,  indeed,  and  the  appointment  of  tbe  re* 
gent  in  1818,  there  b  no  cridence  that  Mr  Canning  b  to  be  coMMlcrrd 
otbttwbc  than  boatUe  to  enanclptttlon,  and  ao  lar  he  moat  titideT|p>  hi| 
•hare  oTtlie  Mtuur*  fiir  Its  peMponcfDenl,  and  tbe  conMnjoent  wlleringt 
of  Ireland,  wliich  hitory  ttill  divide  aiuong  the  minittors  and  stales- 
nefl  of  Eogbnid.  How  far  hti  nilMeqMent  e^rta  in  her  cause,  whieli, 
tnn  the  ngencjr  to  the  end  of  hb  lilr,  were  unifortn,  conablcnt,  and 
■tremovf.  way  tent  to  rescue  lits  eharncter,  pcrteriiy  alone  can  deietv 
miae.  Tlie  chagrin  which  he  certainly  eiperieticed  on  repeated  occa- 
»lon^  tt  not  being  aUo  lo  oany  what  hod  become  a  fiivonrite  meaMrr, 


360 


rotiTicAL  »km. 


t!f. 


■nd  lli«  Mat  wtlh  wiii«b  bt  pro«wcwt«l  bit  paipoM.  may  mtv«  to  abow 
Die  »iiictrr>l>'  of  bi«  repCDUnce.  if  it  cannot  redeem  bdiI  renew  tb« 
•pknJour  of  hi*  Ginic. 

We  hate  ovrrlcaprtl  the  gnlrr  of  evenU,  for  the  purpoac  of  pU^Aff 
beforo  our  rPdctrn,  iti  a  <^o^nrc(ed  view,  llie  lurnns  of  foraiing  m  j*tdg- 
i&eot  upon  th»  important  portion  of  Mr  C'anniti};'s  bitlorjr.  If  tL«j, 
like  US,  tiiid  it  nrcruiiry  lu  inuuuati!  bbnii-  m  n'Kunl  to  it.  tike  us  ib#jr 
irill  probably  rejoice  tbut  thv  viiatr^e  from  u  narrow  lo  a  librial  policy, 
instead  of  bciof;  ehecked  by  ibi.-  pride  uf  early  opiiiivo,  wu  chi-ri>h«d 
Bad  oonnimmaled  tliroufEliout  (be  latter  yean  of  ilie  tUieiaiaii,  niid  that 
bis  new  bith  grew  Mid  6ouri»hed  most  «lien  lie  hiiutelf  aequtred 
fulleit  [ifMif'rwirin  of  bU  molured  and  ripened  f«cu1lie«, 

TIa-  ruucual  of  (be  war,  of  which  he  ira*  the  nullior  and  aponacir, 
soon  braui;b(  Mr  Pitt  bnck  (o  power,  nnd  Mr  Canning  in(o  (he  cabiaet, 
u  treaiurtr  of  the  navy.  The  duiies  and  reiponsibilides  of  nn  import 
tani  office,  aeem,  at  (bis  peiiMl,  to  hare  Migruwed  most  of  his  aiteniiun. 
Bs  llie  rollecii»n  before  us  furnishes  but  a  single  parliniDcntary  etToft 
during  his  whole  conDcclion  it  lib  i[,  and  (bnt.  in  some  measure,  aro«« 
out  of  ils  peculiar  character,  bciox  a  s|>eci-li  upon  the  propoicd  iinpe«ch- 
ment  of  one  of  his  pre(lece«on*i  I>ord  MelTillei  Eur  naleenation  ia 
ofBc«. 

1'hc  deRl)i  of  tibc  minister,  and  the  cooMqnent  diaialulion  of  lb* 
esbind,  gives  occasion  (o  inquire  bow  far  Ibe  devotion  of  Mr  Cutaii^ 
lo  bis  polKicoJ  model  and  Biucer  may  bave  influencod  his  fuaa  wUk 
poxcrity. 

Had  I'itt  never  lived,  Canuing's  eareer  tni|;bt  bare  been  more  coa- 
firienlly  nud  uuiftiriiity  adtnirable ;  but  it  uould  tearct'ty  bave  been  ao 
brilliant  and  daixUng ;  he  would  have  ticcurcd  a  more  temprratc  leTel. 
bat  he  (nif(l)(  not  have  attained  the  summit.  His  birtb  and  eonnrctiotu, 
atid  the  nliok  course  and  asprct  of  hi*  early  fortunes,  •ccnied  to  mark 
faim  for  a  wbig,  and  it  iierdcd  a  pvat  power  Biid  example  to  counter- 
vail Ibeir  indnencv>  Offior,  to  which  he  «i*  ttiiroducvd,  and  in  which 
be  was  coBtinucd  by  the  aid  of  hi*  early  patron,  aiaistcd  much  to  Boold 
bim  into  grcatnt^  by  giving  kcope  and  objei't  to  the  fMuWaa  of  fata 
miiKL  As  a  whig,  be  would  bave  been  a  );reat  Eo)>li»hiaaa :  M  a  lory, 
be  waa  a  grett  man.  On  tlw  other  bond,  lia<l  Pitt  lived  Icii  year*  tong- 
er,  though  Canning  might  sooner  hare  approscbed  tlie  maturity  of. 
grcatnea*,  it  would  scarce  have  been  by  «o  fOvigbt  a  path  of  boM 
Tbc  grander  and  nobler  aspirationi  of  hi*  tisturv  would  have  remaio' 
(00  long  under  ihe  shadowy  inHucDces,  and  within  the  stni(en< 
boundaries,  of  power  and  place  ever  to  find  tlicir  proper  height 
eipannon.  He  would  have  "  ^irn  ap  to  party  what  was  meant  far 
nankind,"  and  instrMl  of  standing  out,  as  be  did  in  tlie  latter  and  bet* 
ler  half  of  bis  lilir,  the  champion  of  a  liberal  and  advancing  policy,  btt 
would  have  shrunk  and  nilbrrnl  into  the  toryiun  of  Eldoa  and 
ttoodeny, — tliat  narrow  and  l>i|;ot(ed  ■ys(em  which  would  fain  keep 
the  elMtK  (pirit  of  (be  age,  by  the  peeware  of  aniiqukted  nata 
Tcacnble  rubbish.  Hod  it  not  been  Ibr  Pitt.  England  might  b*' 
another  conMinimale  orator,  hke  Foi,  waging  a  desperate,  and 
limea  a  Qutxo(ie  war  against  drilled  and  ditcipliued  majorities :  ib* 
"  JMctas  urabofM  fhaiMOget"  of  the  mlaiMtf-;  but  the  notions  woold 
not  Live  babtUI  Ibt  ttalwian,  vboM  ftmlga  pobcy  checked  tbc  anrab 


l>*d      , 
bmt_J 


hMig- 
ty   of^ 

aine«^| 
teneilH 
I  anj*^ 


PxMsn] 


OMOBUK  CAMXiaO. 


9SI 


or  (l«4pnti»iii,  and  wlnnced,  if  it  «li(J  no*  cMabliili,  ihe  fr««doin  of  lli« 
cootineni. 

Cuining  buried,  a>  he  hinndr  expmaml  il,  liin  |M>lilic*l  aUegiaDoe  in 
(lie  grkTG  of  1*1(1.  Hu  ci-ruii)ly  burtied  at  hU  fuitenl  pjn  mwm  of  tlw 
chonb  irkicli  hail  httbrrto  boaiid  and  manacled  bis  penonal  frv^dMn. 
Hii  gmt  creditor  wm  no  atoTe,  niid  ha  dt^bts  and  dulici  vpr«  cancel- 
led. Yet  Uwre  were  duties  wbicli  he  owed  to  the  fame  of  ibat  cxlraor- 
dioary  man,  wh'uii  no  la|»e  of  time,  tiot  |)e«uliarily  of  conjuncture, 
ciiuld  bur  or  cxtinguinb.  Hi>  tribata  Ut  the  memory  of  Pitt  are  >c- 
cordit^y  among  the  but,  a>  iIktj-  are  amoii^'  the  uoceresli  cffii*ioiis  of 
ptoqucDt  o«logy  which  (be  language  aHurdd.  We  select  the  fbUawing 
from  hi*  »pi>cebe>  in  the  di^bate  oa  ibe  Ite);eiiey  ReMtlulions  id    181 )  : 

"  Sir,  I  bare  heard  (br*c  ihinpi  from  my  right  huiioarable  friend, 
Mr  Sheridan,  with  prcaliar  pain :  but  he  >*  out  the  &nt  that  haa  retotied 
to  thii  siii^liu  specii-i  of  rraioiiing.  What  adtanlage  any  nun.  or  anjr 
act  of  mtii.  can  propow  tu  tliemielvea  from  nibilitMiiig  lor  argument 
ojion  the  i|ueition  duw  actually  uiider  diacuwioD,  altMka  upon  the  cbar> 
■cters  of  penona  now  no  murv,  and  particularly  (what  from  my  ri|;ht 
boMOuraUe  friend  1  i>bould  bare  eifitrcied  leas  Iban  from  any  other) 
Upon  lli«  BieniOTy  of  ihat  grcM  iiMui>  wliu  bore  a  principal  part  in  the 
pn>oe«(Uii0t  of  that  period,  I  am  ullerij  at  &  Iom  to  imagine.  Can  it 
be  neoemary  in  our  preaeiit  diOmlt  and  dtureaaing  ictiuitMni, — a  aitu*- 
tlon  auflloieutly  foU  of  dinriona  and  diitracttiMia,  to  nke  up  tbe  aahee  of 
tke  dead,  for  tlte  purpose  of  kindling  nc«  Homei  anuMi^  tbe  living? 
For  my  own  pari,  I  bare  tlie  talia&ction  to  feel,  (bal  eu«h  is  nehhcr  my 
opinion  nor  my  practice.  No  nan  con  aocuae  me  of  baring  ever  goue 
out  of  my  way,  in  any  ditcusiioo  m  tbia  boucct  to  cpeak  nitli  diaraapact 
of  tboK*  who  dilfcred  (rotn  .Mr  I'itI  when  lirioff.  sod  wlin  are  nov  sa- 
thered  togetber  with  him  in  ilir  peaoe  himI  «helter  of  ili>-  grave.  For 
nysalT,  and  I  hope  Ibr  all  Ibiwr  who  luir  imbibod  tlieir  poliliral  (enti- 
menta  from  the  Mrac  moatcr,  I  can  ei>nlidcntly  ray,  tJiat  wc  do  not 
draira  to  erect  an  attar  to  tbe  object  of  our  lencratloo,  with  maloriola 
picked  from  tbe  aopatobral  mannmeaU  of  hi*  rival.  Th«  character  of 
him  whom  «•  rarareace  ami  r^ret,  we  on  satnfied,  may  taMj  be  *uf> 
fvred  to  mt  upon  iia  poutiTP  merit*.  It  shinn  without  cooltitit; — ila 
lustre  t>  all  its  owo.  and  rcquirei  not  tbe  fitiDCItoii  oi  t\w  rt^utatiOH 
of  otbers  to  make  il  blaie  witli  a  blighter  Dune. 

"  I  cannot — I  own  1  can  uot— con  eel  re  the  frclingaand  policy  of  ifaoae 
who  pwMM  an  OfifMiaile  ayitam.  I  eannol  uodcntand  tbe  winlom  of 
re*ivl»g.  at  tUa  noaMUfa  tboae  party  faeata,  and  political  and  perMnai 
■ataaomta  whleb  the  hand  of  deatb,  otie  thould  hne  tbovght,  miglii 
well  ba  aOowcd  to  have  eloaed  ;  and  wbioh  the  progreaa  of  time  might 
of  itself  be  supposed  to  have  obtitenled.  Is  tbis  the  foretaUe  wbioh 
the  hoooutmblo  aod  the  right  booour«ble  geatlemcn  opposite  think  ftt 
to  give  of  Uie  qitril  in  which  their  new  gonnuMM  is  to  be  ooadaeled? 
Eoteriilg  opoB  a  new  scene  of  tbingn,  in  wtrieli,  even  If  they  could  fav 
gst  HkI  eause  to  be  (urgoltcu  evcrj-  subsisting  hosUlity,  every  partiality 
and  prejudice,  liy  which  the  political  men  now  living  are  divklail,  they 
would  still  liave  difficulties  enoagh  i<i  encounter;  do  they  Ihi&k  their 
adminlatrUioD  reqnlfea  any  addiiiimal  eBbamMnsol  ?  Or  do  il>ey 
tbiak  that  it  «UI  nt  *  facility  lo  it  that  thay  ab«iM  array  against  th  m- 
•eivea  tbe  wishes  and  the  ftdings  of  every  man  in  this  bowte  and  in  ibe 

VII.  2  a 


[  UMX.  %e  f  ^  Bbii 

-*  3n[  ■•    'KM 

I*  laaK  «  m^Blet 

■EEue  aai  "■■  —li  f—""-"' '"  t  M'^.-iL-riug.      My 
1  *■*  vsiea  -^  -—"--y  si  .nj_wi  ir  u   ^00017  ;    '•"'  k  =m 

laoE  n  1.  laae  viic-i  I  ^n^  vnui  aic  te 
rmaitfsiaai  x  Ji  ita^s.  [  ^tniii  vk  -r  ilinc?  ■""""""■■■'»  : 

Su>nbB  r  s  BiAigva  m  x. — ci^  x  ajiicMj  s  se  i.  Ma 
•k  na  ^vwi  i^  fame  o^  >C;  Pic  I  ■raaiii  loC  laswer 
«a«tee  4r  so  ax  ^""""'f  :f  I  iari  fodova  1  _■  ■■  li  arv 
viOravt  flcxe!^  Mr  f^xi.  x  ms^m~  *is  atm.  a  r;?^  mo.  If 
tkoc  wc  IcT*  ^  (w^fc  h^rmk.  aaKii, — aoc  be  ^r^^u  a  m.  net  1 
fipMJg  wfran  Md  ^nube*  aa  n  naida'  oom  «'  >tr  Rn,  b  d 
f«nM»,  apfiaaiy  ami  e^B^ipc&ie  ?  Wsd^  aem.  u  tie  ■■■  ■ 
w^  m  ibtn  uj  aa*  ■•«>  smBC  n  cu  b«BH,  sau.  bv 
M  tJiariir  «/  kii  ova  Midi,  v  ■/  dul  0^  amy  «f  Km  ecaoeBfMfarie*,  c^ 
fed  kJMrfjtgwt  ■  pnauMriag  ibM  Sb  Ftel  «m  buc  a  pnMC  hm  ? 
I  mimnn,  tm  MVich  m  aaj  n^  tae  afauda  aad  iri  ■■  rj  at  tW  W»> 
oaraUe  a»d  karaed  parlrM-»  vko  |iiiiMal^Mi  il  [iii»  ofaaiOD.  1  4a 
■M  deaj'  to  hi«  m»mj  td  iW  q*aiitie>  skieh  go  10  rawnate  tW  ckar- 
aeter  wkKfc  be  ba*  deaeribed.  Bat  I  ifcink  I  may  Aeh  tA  bk  i^«satfj 
la  tnmt  aaj  dtCaiboa  of  ibat  ebaractef,  vbkb  >balJ  dm  apf^J  u  Mr 
rtu,— *o  tnec  aay  eirele  of  gnaucM  fro«  vbub  Mr  Pm  sUl  be 
•idadcd. 

"  I  bs*«  DO  maniwr  of  otjeetioo  u>  m  placed  oa  tbe  bbk  |mt<  h  ■! 
wilii  Mr  Via,  far  tbe  adanralioa  of  ibe  praeot  age  aod  of  potferi^, 
otiwT  dMtingabbed  men.  >ad  amot^  tben  bk  gnat  rinl,  *bow  mek- 
OTj  u,  I  bare  no  doabt,  m  dear  to  tbe  boDovrable  gentlemen  o^poMe, 
M  that  (if  Mr  PiU  ia  to  tboae  «bo  lored  bim  livii^  and  «bo  tT»CTg 
him  d«wl.  But  «bj  iboukl  tbe  admiralioa  of  one  be  :i«iw.™ptikLi.  m'ah 
fnwtiar  Ui  ihe  oth^r  ?  Whj  cannot  «e  cherish  tbe  reiaembraiice  of  tb* 
raapective  object*  of  our  Teneratioo,  leating  to  each  other  a  aimiiar 
tnitiivm '{  For  mj  own  part,  I  diaclaim  mch  a  apiiit  of  iDlolerance. 
Hr-  it  the  boaat  and  characteruUc  of  tbe  tchool  of  Put.  that  howeTer 
I'rofolied  by  illiberal  aod  nnjiut  attack*  upon  hia  meroory,  whether  id 
■peer:hM  in  tbii  booae,  or  ia  calDmnies  out  of  it,  tbej  will  never  to  far 


"^ 


FtmMi).] 


REORCECAKMIXO. 


863 


fofgct  (hn  mprct  ilui>  lo  him  or  to  (lienMfJv-M.  oa  to  b«  belrayed  into 
Tsciprocttl  illilicmlil}-  anit  injuiticr.  that  they  diMlun  to  KUliale  upmi 
tht  ttumory  of  Mr  Pilt'n  gn«t  tival."' 

Thoiurh  he  «cJ(nowlcdg«d  no  Iradrr,  Mr  C^Msf;  oppOMd  the  an««< 
lUfF*  or  the  niMT  coalition,  and  joinrd  most  cordinlly  in  the  huul  which 
ilroT«  tho  GrcnvilU  a(lmini*trmtion  from  offute.  Thu  riecussity  of  ri-)wt> 
ling  hi*  rapid  and  a^ent  fttta«tct  in  uniil  la  liarr  1>rou)[ht  Mr  Fox  iiii;hilf 
to  the  house,  cTfi)  aAor  bu  IVamc  vat  fiifrrblcil  by  diiease.  "  Hi-  was 
dying,"  My*  on<^  of  iho  woriu  before  in.  "  but  no  UmAvrnpta  yrn»  (hown 
to  hini."  If  Mr  Canning  admlnbU'rr'rt  ih*  dpnilly  potion,  "  tlie  iitsra* 
dicnU  of  hi*  poisoDeil  chnlicr,"  nt  a  mhipqiirnt  period  camu  fcarfiilly 
back  "  to  bi«  own  lips."  Wr  wish  wc  coold  uny  Ihnt  thi!  warfarin  «ra« 
c«>nlin4>d  to  its  l«gitiinatr  ilirQlro,  ihp  houM^  of  commoni;  but  Mr 
Canning  once  more  took  up  the  |Hn,  nnd  stooped  (wo  r\-joi«e  lo  add 
lor  the  last  lainc),  lo  polirimt  lampoons.  In  pnrliumrnt,  the  military 
meA«ures  of  the  miniilry,  and  particularly  the  "  liiniird  icrrice  bill  ' 
of  Mr  Wyndliam.  called  fortli  liii  best  cHbrts.  Hi«  altaeks  uputi  the 
iigildicii>iis  syitrm  »f  that  reBpeelabk;  tniniiler  nnd  amiiible  man  an-  in 
his  liigbcAt  rein  of  ironkol  nrgutnentation,  aii<l  are  read  with  iJie  more 
plcmuv  ibat  they  are  directed  against  llie  metuurv,  instead  of  it*  ac* 
contpliahod  aiilbor. 

With  tiir  Grenville  Bilminiitraiinn  departed  for  twenty  years  the  poK- 
tteal  ascendency  of  the  whig*.  With  the  eic<rptioa  of  tlic  abolition  of 
Ike  slave-trade,  wliich  was  bardly  n  party  (jneMion,  they  had  cArried 
nuoe  of  tbeir  griM  measure*,  and  ibe  s(Hri(s  of  peao«,  reform,  and  eman- 
cipation seemed  to  have  left  the  earth  with  their  great  advocate,  Mr 
Fox-  Tbe  duke  of  Portland  brought  with  him  into  otBcr.  in  lltO?,  all 
the  pledged  utira*  of  toryisro ;  anil  ibe  nnmcn  of  Mr  I'erccval,  l^rd 
Eldont  tbe  earl  of  Liverpool,  and  Lord  C*rt)rf«sgh  wan  n  soffieient 
giianioty  for  the  jwrmgative.  Mr  t'onnrng  bcanc  broign  secretary, 
tai  (band  himself  at  Iciiglh  in  a  situation  adngiiatc  to  his  (nlents,  BgiY<> 
■Mo  lo  his  tasto,  and  promising  un  opjiorlunily  to  rslnbtish  his  fumo 
00  a  pemiancnt  fonndniion.  It  is  here  lliat  his  true  ofBcial  history  may 
be  Slid  to  liaT«  comnu-nccd.  Hitherto  be  bad  bcra  a  subordinate,  a 
brilliut  satclliti*,  it  >'  true,  but  still  acknowledging  the  inHiiriico  of  it* 
planet.  He  was  now  ralli-d  to  office  as  a  component  and  co-cqoal  part 
of  the  odmiuiitrntion  ;  pimped  in  one  of  the  most  important  situations  In 
tbi:  government ;  by  for  the  fini  sialmnan  in  the  cabinet ;  and  viewed 
by  Ibe  ofipoiittoa  aa  incanpvably  tl>e  most  potent  anlagoBMl  wHh 
whom  they  bwl  to  contend  in  pariiammt. 

It  wat  cerl4tn1y  uafbrtiuMte  for  Ihe  outset  of  such  n  enrerr,  (hot  the 
first  important  measure  of  forrigo  policy,  adoptcit  by  the  new  eabincl, 
shoiiM  have  been  the  bombardment  of  Copenhagen  and  tlto  seiinra  of 
Ibe  Danisli  fleet.  We  say  unfortunnlo.  because  it  ralW  upon  the 
foreipn  seeretaiy  to  avow  and  defend  an  act  wberv  bomwr  was  iu  an 
invcnc  proporttoo  lo  interest.  Tlu!  avowal  was  frankly  rooile,  aixl 
tbe  dc&nee  gnlbntly  undettakeo  and  bri1liai>tly  eiecuird ;  but  still  llie 
attack  npon  Uennurk  mn«t  appear  lo  every  unprejiidi<.-ed  mind  na 
sheer  an  abuM>  of  power  ■•  hid  bean  witnewed  during  (he  whole 
rovTM  of  ihe  war.     If  the  n^juM  de^gnt  of  o<n«  belligerent  upon  a 

■  HrWfhM.  »!.  rd  pp.  ta»-tA4. 


S64  roLITICAL  SKItlBB. 

■uBtnil,  (gnatingi  wbil  iii  lliu  tiMlniKie  b  ilvuiei],  tiMt  ameb  dvaigaa 
lue  BtwwR  lo  tKUt,)  can  riiabic  the  MJier  lo  defeat  tbem  by  uti|iMti- 
6Me  txU,  \hen  h  an  cud  o(  uU  salcty  in  oeulnlky,  and  Ponugal,  Ho^ 
tandi  and  Denmark  nan  unn  llxir  fii>liiTig>»niacka  ewfj  ttmo  a  gua  k 
firtd  ID  Eorope- 

\Ve  turn  xiili  great  plniuurr  from  thi»  butory  of  unwamuitable  ■•• 
suilt  and  tpoliniion  to  a  brigblfr  and  worthirr  s«)-di: — wt  altudc  to  the 
part  the  BrilUb  gOTernment  tmik  In  tlir  I'l-niiuulor  irar.  TUl-  cunlcst 
ubich  conttiiued  to  agitato  thr  world  «u  no  whrrr  mare  ({nllaiilly  and 
jiMtifiably  proiecuted  by  Kngland,  than  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  bccante 
no  wberc  was  it  begun  aod  curried  on  by  France  under  cireumatances 
of  tnort! dnttiiiitiK  iulamy.  I'hc  iil(i>cioili>  kidnnfiping ofn  ubolc  dynastj, 
degraded  uiid  imbecile  as  tliat  dyrasiy  wo*,  and  the  ralil>bloodcd  cnti- 
lir>  of  the  Fmieh  generals  in  their  pei^nTS»  of  dcsotation  and  niin,  in- 
•pirtd  aval*  of  tlie  )ia|ipic«l  fliglila  of  Mr  Canning'*  rioqamce,  a*  they 
routed  the  itrong  ttHlignuiou  of  erery  (larty  in  the  Briliab  >enate,  and 
every  free  heart  in  die  world.  lie  ua«  the  esrlitwt,  a»  ht  tiecanie  the 
tna*t  untiring  and  HuceeMful  champion,  both  in  and  oat  of  Uie  cabioeir 
of  the  proM'cution  of  that  irar  by  British  mean*,  ibrongb  its  wboW 
counc  of  diwuter  and  succeaa.  and  iu  its  various  phases  of  dcfieat  aod 
vielory.  And  it  is  lo  his  lasting  hoiioor  that,  as  he  undertook  Ibe  vmr 
in  favour  of  an  uuH-ltled  and  disordered  government  and  a  jealous  aUy, 
»o  he  did  not  deicrt  the  enuae,  when,  through  the  misconduct  OihI  d^ 
truDt  of  that  idly.  FmtK^^  hi-ld  the  u  hole  territory  of  Spain  from  Corvana 
to  Cstliz.  Hod  he  ri^ttiaiiied  in  ihi-  eiibineti  seconded  by  an  efficient 
adniinittrntion  of  tlip  irar  depaTtua-iiti  it  in  proUible  lliat  the  cotilcat  !■ 
the  Peninsula  might  hnvc  been  carfier  crowned  nilh  sucM-u,  and  Ibst 
the  CApeditiou,  wbieh,  under  the  ao'ptrcs  of  that  '*  dedcooruiti  pretkiMW 
emptor,"  Lord  Costlereagli,  to  niiscraUy  &iled  in  tka  Scheldt,  wtmM 
have  added  efficacy  to  the  exeniona  of  Spain. 

The  hostile  Bireiiiif;  bctwwa  Mr  Canning  and  Lord  Castlcneagh  m 
1609,  grew  out  of  a  cabiiM-t  mtHiodenianiliuL'.  and  lertnmHled  in  Ibo 
resignation  of  both  niiniders.  TU-  futmer  ujis  slightly  wounded.  A 
dnel  batweeoniinlsteri of  state,  deip'le  the  t-sainpleo(  Mr  Pitt.  foUowwl 
a*  it  has  been  by  (lie  itttkc  of  Weilingluo,  nixl  a  dlstinguisbed  Morttwy 
in  oar  own  country,  ir  «  hoiiy  unjuttifiuble.  uwl  in  lite  inataaee  belbrff 
u*  it  was  totally  itniM-ecMary,  as  tba  offeiioe  was  eniineutly  •oac^tlU* 
of  cxplaiMlHMi,  and  the  rrparatioti  miuired  might  have  been  obtained 
by  a  Diihler  afipettl.  At  a  subaequcnl  period,  in  coaMqacnos  of  aooM 
taunt*  thrown  out  on  the  discaiitiHi  of  liie  Portugueao  erebaasy,  Mr 
Canaiiig.  <•  ha  had  di-rivcil  that  and  his  succeeding  appoinuient  frosi 
Lord  Ciuill<-rr«);b.  miulv  the  follow iuy  aUasJona  to  llie  subject: 

•■  It  ia  nude  uialier  of  accusation  and  reproach  against  ma  tliat  I 
have  accepted  oIKce  with  my  noble  fnend  (Lord  CastterMgb)  who  (it* 
btvids  me, — between  aliotu  nod  myself  it  ct  assumed  that  our  fomur 
iliS^rrace*  had  placed  on  iiupassable  barrier.  Firvt,  frow  what  <]uaner 
cornea  this  reprcacb  aod  uccasattou '(  From  a  benrb,  on  wbicb  I  da 
not  saw  any  two  ueifihhoorv  wlw  have  not  diflirred  from  each  other,  and 
tbat  witbin  4hort  loruorj  too,  much  more  csMntially  Ifaan  nyadf  and 
m*  tM>Ue  frieixl.  llui  it  is  insinuated  that  tbc  dlflercnce*  between  my 
HooU  frivnd  iitxl  uiynclf  wi-rr  of  >  sort  which  pr<'c)udrd  rteodciliatiuu  ' 
8ince  wbrn  have  *uch  matlcn  become  topio  of  jwrltanMinarjr  dWra*- 


PltUD-I 


neOKCB  CAXMIMC. 


365 


lion?  SiDCc  kIm'Ii  bns  il  beta  tbi'  |iraclic(r  of  ihU  liouie  to  take  coft- 
nnancc  of  itie  iliaagrM-m^iiU  uf  inilividuaU,  and  (o  indulge  in  sucb  aiii- 
■wdvenioD*  on  tint  most  delleate  lupiM  of  penona]  ci>nducl  aa  ia  private 
Mciely  no  gentleman  would  venture  to  huard  ?  Siate  wben,  1  t»y, 
bas  ihia  pre«tive  coiuiuenotid  ?  and  how  far  ia  il  to  be  earritNl  ?  1  know 
of  no  precedent  >uf  it-  I  knov  of  no  authority.  It  i*  not  for  my  own 
*ak«i  but  for  tbe  lake  of  llii«  bouae,  that  I  protect  againtit  it ;  for,  if  this 
prictice  be  peraiiited,  our  diacuaiiona  mutt  inevitably  aiiik  Into  groaaer 
MMOlMliiiea  lliao  have  diagraced  tlte  meetings  of  Palace  Yard  and  of 
Spa  Fields. 

"  Tbe  honourable  baronei  Is  entirely  mistaken  ai  to  what  he  suppoaca 
me  to  liAve  addressed  to  my  constituenls  at  Liverpool  in  181S>  No- 
tbiug  that  1  then  Mid  was  intended  to  convey,  or  did  convey,  the  notioo 
that  I  was  prcolflded  by  any  feeling,  or  (in  my  own  judgment)  by  aoy 
pitncijtle,  Irom  acting  in  otllco  with  roy  uM«  friend.  1  had  dedared 
thfl  directly  contrary  opinioa  *omc  monlii*  before,  in  ii  ri>rrea|)OlidraM 
raapccting  tbc  fonDotinn  nf  lui  adniinintraliaii,  which  the  diacUMHMla  of 
tboan  timiri  brought  belbn.-  the  public,  and  which  it  now  upon  rccord- 
Wliat  Is  uot  {luliiicly  ruconb^d  i*,  tliat  sonic  time  after  tbose  diacnasion* 
bad  closed,  but  tix  or  ei)tl)t  wiTrks  bt^fore  my  election  at  Liverpool,  other 
negotiationB,  wliicb  had  for  tbrir  object  uiy  return  to  olfioi:,  had  taken 
place :  amongst  the  pmposi-d  artsngements  of  which,  my  notitc  friend, 
with  a  manltuca*  and  gi'nerusiiy  which  I  hope  I  iiflt  an  tltcy  deserved, 
had  volsntahly  teodered  lo  my  acci-ptajici;  ibv  »eaU  of  the  office  which 
he  now  holds.  Otlier  rcaHOns  iiiducL'd  ni«  to  decline  that  tender;  1 
might  be  right  or  wroag  iu  my  view  of  ttioae  raaaouai  One  among 
ibcm  «M,  that  I  was  at  that  limo  enihamawd  with  recpect  lo  a  tooat 
important  quolion  (tlir  diicuwoii  of  which  i*  now  fixed  for  no  distant 
day)  by  pledgtv  which  I  could  best  bopo  to  rcdeirm  with  unquestioned 
lidelity  and  honour,  by  n-maiiiing  not  oJT  office  till  I  had  rrdctmed  tli«m. 
But  what  would  be  thought  of  me,  what  should  I  dcwrve  to  Iw  tbougfat 
of  by  any  liberal  mind,  if,  aAcr  such  a  tranMctioo  as  I  bnvo  docribcdi 
I  could  ever  pause  for  a  moment,  locousider  in  what  order  «ith  respect 
to  each  other  my  noble  frirml  and  I  iliouhl  march  towards  uur  conimon 
olqtcM  Id  tbt  otTTice  of  tlie  country  ?  Iu  ibu  iruMOtioOt  any  helinga 
wliidi  bad  pravtoualy  separated  my  doUc  friend  and  mjaelf  were  buried 
for  avan  Tlie  very  meinory  of  tbem  was  eflkced  Irom  oar  minds :  aor 
c«i  1  eOBplimrat  the  good  twie  of  thoM  wbo  would  call  tbeni  up  from 
ubliiion ;  sorely  not  with  tbt  nia  Impe  of  exasperating  diSefCoeei 
anew,  but  with  the  purpoae  of  n«kiiig  a  recomiilcaicDt  now  of  Ire 
yc-ni'  slAodingt  a  sulqvct  of  swrnieion,  tnuni,  and  obloquy. 

"  What  I  have  aoid,  Sir,  i*.  I  bopi'i  a  snflicient  comment  u)>on  tbo 
■olablo  (Uaooverjr  tliit  1  aeovptod  public  employntcnt  not  with,  but 
■ndcr.  niy  noble  Iriend.  T\m  ptltry  disttnctioo.  I  cad  aHare  tboae 
who  an  ao  vaia  of  ii,  vocaMOna  me  not  ibc  sUgbtaat  aneMbeMi  Wbee 
Lord  Pembroke  went  out  lo  Vienna,  and  the  MatqueM  Wellmlej  lo 
Spain,  during  (or  under  if  you  will)  my  a4lmiiii*lriitiuii  of  the  Foreign 
DepartiDcat,  bad  I  tbe  ridiculous  vanity  tu  laiicy  that  these  distingaliked 
DOblemen  acted  umler  me,  in  any  senie  of  drgradirv  oubordinatloa  ? 
Or  is  it  jmagiaod  limt  when  llie  duke  of  WcUinf-too  undertook  lib  mio- 
sion  to  Paria,  my  imUc  friend  conceited  that  hi-  wiis  tliereforc  rnlitlrd 
to  claim  n  pee.emiiHDce  over  the  deliverer  of  Ivuropc  ?     They  know 


966 


HkLITICAL  lEBIBS. 


littl*-,  Sir,  of  tlie  apint  oT  o«r  eOMtilaUoo,  tbey  U«  wtry  ill  acquaiitl 
wiib  the  limits  ihu  it  impoaet,  tad  tiM  prnriUigM  th«t  ii  couiVm.  Mb* 
arc  not  anara  tiM,  ia  whaXeter  itttiM  a  man  niajr  be  caUed  apoo  to 
wrrc  liiH  aonraga  and  bia  countiy,  llinv  b  amcms  rtataueB.  i:^ 
OfiemiDg  koDMtljr  for  tlie  puMic  g>XM),  n  iral  KibsUntiTc  eqiiaiiljr  wUcb 
no  Bum  oflldal  airaugemenl  can  ritbrr  r nvu  or  destroy ;  tbejr,  wIm 
ar«  ]-et  to  learn,  that  in  a  fr««'  country  like  ourt.  it  is  for  the  maB  to 
dignify  tli«  oRic«,  not  for  the  otfic«'  to  dignify  the  man.''* 

Mr  Cantiiiig  did  not  rcauiup  officr  until  1816,  whan  be  came  iota 
tli«  cabiu«t  or  hi*  CBi-ly  frirnd,  LonI  LiTrrpool,  a*  preaidrnt  of  the 
Boani  oTCoDtrol.  Except  upon  crrtain  financial  nicvtirci^  the  Regency 
quMttou  and  Catholic  cmancipotion,  he  had  lupportcd  tlie  miniatry  ca»> 
Klantly  and  efTMtircIy,  and  he  cpiervd  the  calnncl  with  tfae  expnaa 
understanding,  that  in  regard  to  the  Catbolica,  he  nu  Irrp  to  adrocle 
the  most  libcnil  propoiiiion*.  In  18IS  he  had  Ibr  raittfaction,  io  tbc 
moat  grali^iog  manDcr,  to  be  choaen  to  rvpfm-Dt  ihr  vrahhy  and  po* 
poloiH  city  of  Liverpool,  aflt-r  a  acvorc  conlcat  irith  the  pmirni  LonI 
Clianoetlor, — a  compliment  which  via  ihrre  tinm  repealed  in  llic  itpAca 
of  tbc  CDHiing  Irn  year*.  Hv  continued  Io  rcprcacnt  that  city  aniU  hi* 
mignation  in  ISiiS,  upon  bcin^  appointed  Gotcnior<gencral  of  ludi^ 

At  the  clow  of  the  war  in  1614— ^i  war  coeval  wilh  hii  political  ^t- 
islcDCc,  and  to  the  proaccution  of  whieb  he  had  leol  liii  best  cxcrtioo* 
— be  bod  accepted  tlu:Bp|iointnirntof  uiiibaioador  toLi»bon.  Alihoi^th 
tki*  embaffy  wa>  tligmalixed  by  llie  opjiositioo  at  '*  an  oulrageoua  job^" 
and  the  SBibataador  denounced  in  do  very  roeaiured  tcrmi  lor  acceptin); 
il,  h^  dnmorutialed,  aa  bis  relurti,  iii  a  speech  di*lingni«bed  aot  !«■«  t^ 
convincing  Brgunicnt  than  by  a  »ti»in  n(  high  sod  hoooumble  Knubilily, 
that  tlic  minbitry  i>  liiile  dcscri'cd  ccDforc  for  otruriog,  a*  be  lor  r^ 
criving  tlic  ■ppoiniment ;  and  thr  cioqonice  which  he  nianifeaicd  la 
cooibating  the  moat  unpltttMni  charge  to  which  a  higli-roiuded  maa 
could  be  lulijectcd,  well  dcacrved  the  compliment  of  Sir  T.  ActlaoJ. 
wlio  reioarkc<l  in  h'm  place,  (hat  "  he  would  have  tioen  proud  to  bo  a* 
accuKd,  in  order  h  to  have  drfcndcd  binuelC" 

From  Mr  Canniog'a  Raumption  of  oSice  after  the  peace,  to  Iha  tnd 
oftbcnignorUcoqjefheThin).  in  1920,  the  courw  ofdoineatlo  aAira 
ia  Eaglaod  was  by  no  aieans  prupcroua.  The  body  politic  had  ■*- 
lapaed  firara  a  aiate  of  extreme  excitement,  in  which  evaty  aerre  aod 
naaela  wai  atraiard  to  ita  aerer«M  teusion,  into  the  laadtade  of  «xba«v 
tioD.  EngUnrf,  for  (wenly  ycarti  bad  not  only  supplied  the  asaleriala 
for  a  great  military  and  oaVal  MtaUtsliuieni  of  her  owu,  but  the  had 
been  (be  workshop  of  Europe,  and  alaiost  of  ilic  worid.  Her  ablor 
natiout  now  began  not  only  to  aupply  tliems^hrs^  but  to  rival  ber 
abroad.  Hence  iba  "cankera  of  n  calm  world"  began  to  grow  upon 
bar.  Her  etarnag  aniiaiH,  with  many  rval  roiafortunca,  and  some  i«al 
wraog*,  bectme  tbe  prey  of  demagogues,  who  ruiprmifd  ihaoi  Into 
madaiM,  GoverameDt,  in  ita  turn,  became  irritated — tliry  praaocvtad 
Iba  kodan  into  uiinu.  and  boyonttud  tbe  fbllowen  into  martyn.  Tba 
day  lor  dmgooTiii.g  had  gone  b}',  bat  Caatlercagh  did  not  know  It,  and 
(.  jhiiiug,  m  ho  Icanied  hit  leaioa  ia  nioMy-tbree,  bad  largo(tm  it.  1^ 
Kruggle  went  on,  and  ihc  nunaten  bi-liaved  Ibai  the  atonn,  abtoh 


S|wcIm^  i«t  im.  pp  tM-  M). 


\ 


F 


ftalaa.) 


OKOIICiK  CAHKIKCI. 


567 


liut  u'Ai  sllayril  hy  itn:  cxlcmioti  uf  (^iiidK-rcx.'  mid  tho  liapi'S  a{  a  licn- 
rei|[n,  htui  bevn  buibfd  b}-  Uicir  tonjuiulioiu.  Il  wai  n  bail  liinoii  for 
lli«ir  iiiotTCMon,  tur  ibi'  ImoilrMl  tbuiuand  roices  uf  Birniiugkaui  ot>- 
uui«d,  ID  1830,  twice  tli«  aiuouut  or  couctsaioit  wliicli  would  baw  iiaiU* 
flnt  ibe  »evi-nty  ibouMud  of  M&ucbester  in  1619 :  bat  it  VM  a  good 
ooe  Tor  Europe,  for  it  lauijlit  tfae  |)«ople  tli«ir  power.  We  deem  it  no 
rtfleotiau  upon  Mr  CAnning'H  puriiy  lo  nxy  ilikt  be  was  a  ttrenuou* 
oppQwr  of  rerorm.  for  we  »«rily  buiieve  that  lie  •is  to  with  contciea- 
lioiu  viewa,  aud  upoa  reaions,  wbich,  as  he  bad  studied  lb<-  Couslilulioo, 
were  uiiaiitiwerable.  Qot  be  c^rlainly  ougbt  lo  bave  remembertd  events 
enough  oti  the  opposite  coast,  lo  leacb  him  that  a  slarving  peoplci  with 
their  Iribuiie*  at  lh«ir  beml,  if  not  nice  cvniM,  iro  very  polent  antn- 
goDt«ts,  and  that  it  b  better  lo  graol  lo  their enOreUy.  thao  to  utrreodi-r 
at  their  diseretioa. 

Id  1820,  in  ooiMeqBMioe  of  tlia  proceedings  then  meditated  againit 
tba  qa««),  to  whom  Mr  Cnnning  hnd  rormcrly  artod  in  the  cnpacity  of 
a  GOnBdmlial  ndvisTr,  he  saw  tit  ajjaiii  to  rrtjn;  from  Ihr  cabinet,  and 
even  during  the  pcndrrncy  of  thosL-  proci-ntlngt  to  leave  England.  On 
hi«  return  he  rrc<-ivi.-d  very  coniplimriiinry  cvideitcc  of  the  eftccm  in 
which  hi*  arrviort  as  pre«deQt  of  the  Bmrd  <if  Control  werfi  bchi  by 
tlie  East  India  directors,  and  iu  1822,  ai  wf  huve  brfonr  slated,  he  was 
appointed  by  the  Ivait  ludiu  company  Govi'mur-Keucral  of  India,  for 
wbteh  situation  he  uai  on  tlie  eve  of  embarking,  when  the  Bukidc  of 
tlie  manque**  of  Londonderry  once  mure  opened  for  hira  the  doors  ot  the 
foreign  office 

The  iaflncnct*  of  the  new  sccrrlaty  were  e-xerled  to  free  the  govrrn- 
tatntot  kb  ooHBtry  froin  that  Meientian  policy  by  which  liis  prede- 
ceaaor  had  codcsmared  to  attacli  her  still  v^orous  and  active  eooui- 
talion  (o  the  compt  and  lor^ud  principle*  of  the  Holy  Alliaoce.  That 
junto  of  despots,  if  not  openly  contemned,  wcro  made  to  compreliend 
that  EngUnd  would  b«  no  party  to  Iba  iorasion  of  frve  goveraiBttita, 
as  a  propngandist  of  the  divine  right  of  ktBg*.  Could  he  1mt«  canicd 
oat  hi*  principle,  wbni,  in  1823,  tl»e  Due  <l  Angoulrme  ihrast  a  Bour- 
bon diadem  aeroM  the  Hyrcnrcs  on  the  jioint  of  lii«  bayotirl* — could 
he  hare  interiered,  vigorously  and  ntanlulty,  ngairut  that  lir*t  hostile 
endeavour  to  roll  back  the  wave  of  legitimacy  upon  the  tilHTlic*  of  the 
gwened,  with  the  arm*  as  well  as  the  vihcl-  of  Great  Britain,  he  inlglit 
hafc  fwtored  that  Spain  which,  in  1808,  he  lad  done  m>  mucli  Iu  re- 
deem, and  at  least  given  liberty  to  the  peBinaola,  if  not  freedom  lo 
Europe.  He  felt  this  keenly,  and  irh«D  uiaulated  to  the  effort  by 
some  eloqiuiil  apfiralB,  he  raprc»ed  bia  envy  of  (boae,  who,  burdened 
bjr  no  ni|)oiuibiIiiy,  could  give  uttennoe  to  fteliitgs  which  the  uMmta 
«  Eagtend  comprlW  him  to  reotmiD.  We  have  ever  brlievcd  that  Ihn 
popalar  voice  woiiltl  have  Mneiione*!  a  war,  and  that  Canning  nobly 
saicrifierd  a  great  opjiorlunity  lo  enhanee  his  own  fonir  to  the  pcac« 
which  he  deemed  ncccsuuy  Ibr  the  regeneration  of  his  country. 

The  rrcogoilioo  of  the  S[unish  American  republic*  in  10S4,  a  ntea- 
sarc  which  had  hern  veberornily  opposed  by  tlie  marquees  of  LoimIoo- 
derry  and  Lord  EJdou,  likcwix-  iodinted  the  pngreM  of  libertd  opi- 
nion*. The  merit  of  this  Step,  however  much  it  has  been  exaggerated, 
was  admitted  on  all  hands  to  belong  to  Mr  Canning,— of  it*  policy  after 
the  ami^c  of  Mr  Monroe  lo  (he  Araerieaii  Congreas  in  I8S3,  there 


8M 


fOtlTtCAL  SKRISS. 


P 


r 


:2 


could  not  rxi*l  o.  lioubt.  It  would  havr  Ixnin  moiwlron*  in  nn 
mtolaler  lo  leave  xUa  immi^n*^  iradc  ofa  continent  to  the  Uiiilod 
for  lb*  Mkc  of  gratifying  tlm  irapotrnt  pride  iif  Spain, — to  Kplit  hajn 
and  wuish  •traw*  «baul  ite  faeto  uid  ih  jure  r^hta  and  the  violation  of 
paper  blocluiLtrJi.  when  Britinb  intrrvst*  wnrr  abmtutelj  wniling  for  a 
market.  Gmtl  Britain  lisuudL-d  tiotiiii^  to  gain  Kirry  thing.  Spain 
WH  abfolutnly  rflpic  and  poralyErd, — Portugal,  liad  »bc  powc— cd  tlw 
power  to  nnfom;  hrr  remonstrnncix,  n-a«  bound  bond  asil  foot  to  Ebk- 
land.  The  moulh  of  FroiiL-e  wnn  HlappMl  bj  the  recolk'clion*  of  1779, 
Slid  thfi  nortlicrn  jiowen  were  too  little  intemtcd  in  tbc  (]i)e«tiODi  or 
1(10  trcU  ttati^ried  willi  tbc  iway  of  abtolnlitm  at  hone  to  oppose  ibe 
ntitblitbtnt-nt  of  fri>i^  institution!!  al  the  distance  of  a  thousand  Ira^Mi 
Policy  and  lafcty  ihcrvtorc  combinnl  lo  promote  Mr  Canning's  vinr  of 
this  lubirct,  but  the  adoption  uf  that  view,  oppoacil,  us  it  was,  by  the 
ultras  of  bis  party,  funiis  uii  intrrcslinf;  point  in  tbf  history  of  bia  Ule, 
as  it  was  a  !oug  step  ujion  that  diver{;ing  line,  which  finally  led  bin 
ftwa  hid  (ltd  associates  iatri  tliv  amis  of  the  whig*. 

In  18ii6  the  L-ugagcmeuts  of  ED>;luiid  with  Portuf^  enabled 
cabinet  tu  ili^pateli  aii  arniiuiient  to  tlie  jienitiaula  in  deferiC*  of  the 
stilution  of  that  country  ugainst  the  deuj^iis  of  Spain.  Mr  Cauni: 
hen?  aviiilfd  hiiii9<<lf  of  that  opportunity,  which,  Uirce  years  before, 
irus  roinpi'lled  tu  furc^,  and  as  it  was  tlic^  erowniiig  XeiK  and  carDcw  of 
his  free  policy,  so  his  exjiusitton  of  the  measure  proved  tbenoblcvt  effort 
of  his  elo<]arnce.  Staniling  upod  high  minuli  ud  inroking  tbe  Ibilb 
of  ancient  treaties,  tbe  promises  and  plewea  of  a  long  aHiance,  the  bcM 
policy  of  the  atatCt  and  the  best  principles  of  nature,  he  delivered  a 
■prech  who*e  ju«tneM  of  bistorical  argument  in  enforced  in  a  style  of 
uncommon  purity  and  beauty,  and  illuFlratcd  by  wntinkcnts  whicli  bv 
qucnlly  rise  into  grandeur,  and  foiuctimcii  approach  wblimity. 

In  February,  18S7,  I,ord  l.irerpool  «-n«  rondnnHl,  by  m  aadden  par- 
ntyiiit,  incapable  of  longer  dUcliarging  tltc  dutictt  of  a  (talton,  wfaJdit 
for  «iiteen  years,  be  bad  moat  worthily  and  honourably,  if  not  grcMfj, 
occupied ;  and,  atV-r  Mtne  Qegolifltion,  .Mr  Canning  wa*.  in  the  fellev 
ing  April,  appointed  tn  luccrrd  him.  In  forming  an  ailminiftratloii, 
his  attention  was  naturally  directi-d  to  that  party  he  bad  so  much  adorned, 
and  to  those  colteogui-a  niih  whom  he  hod  po  long  co-opcrvled.  Hia 
eomfpODdenn  with  the  duke  of  Wellingtoo  will  nerve  to  show  how  by 
ovtrtaiw  WW*  received : 

Ha  Cavkwo  to  Til*  Vtvn  or  WaLUK«TiMt. 

"  Ht  okak  Di7Xt,— I  am  eommondcd  by  hi*  majesty  lo  (bra 
Himtnitlration.     It  will  be  a  grral  wilttlaetMa  lo  me  if  your  graoe  wtH 
eoosent  to  become  a  member  of  it.     I  ami  &g. 

"G.  Camnimo." 


Tnt  Dou  or  WtLi.t)ic-n»i  to  Ua  CUamHC 

"My  DtAH  Mil  Ca K H I vo, ^Before  I  rrply  to  your  letter,  I 
tu  be  iobmied  who  is  to  be  Ibe  be*d  of  llie  new  niioistry,  and  wbh 
of  my  farmer  eollMgues  are  to  forra  a  part  of  iL     I  am.  &t, 

"Wklumotoii.*' 


PlBMA.] 


OKonos  CAMMttrO. 


36ff 


itA  Cakvikc  to  thk  Dvu:  or  Wkluiiiitoh. 

"Mv  LoHD  DuKc,— After  I  had  infortnnl  yonr  pace  tlut  I  had 
ri-criveij  hu  majealj!'*  curanisiida  lo  fomi  an  ndminMlnUHHi,  I  am  tor- 
priced  tlial  it  »li«ul(l  be  inquired  from  me  wbo  ia  to  be  tkc  hrad  of  it 
I  am  to  be  thai  peraou.     I  remain,  Ac. 

"G.  Camniko." 

Tub  IX'»  m  WsuJKoroH  ro  M>  Cakmiko. 

"  Sir, — I  tiai-u  only  to  tay,  la  reply  to  yoor  letter,  that  1  minot 
c«iia«iit  to  become  a  inomber  of  the  new  adtairtiatratioo.     I  remain,  Ac. 

"  Wbliikotoh."' 


Tlia  duke  immediately  reugmMl,  at  did  tix  otlicr  minittera,  comprw- 
ing  Mr  Pvcl,  and  Lord*  Etdon,  Bathunit,  Melville,  WrsUDonJond,  and 
Bcxley.  Their  placea,  with  the  exception  of  that  of  Lonl  Bexley,  who 
rMuroed  to  olfioc,  were  filled  at  once  iiiib  djatioguiabed  whig*. 

The  moiivn  which  led  lo  tfaia  contemptuwia  and  unjireccdcDted  t(ep 
wpf«  of  ■  mixr<l  nature — portly  pcnonal,  and  partly  political.  It  was 
intended  to  tliruw  the  new  mlniMrr  (wlirre,  had  h«  lircd,  it  doubtlcM 
would  have  thrown  him)  into  a  fiilic  piuilion.  A  tory  pr«mi<T,  pU-dged 
■nd  pillrU  a^iutt  reform,  rould  not  havn  rrtiiinrd  the  kupport  of  hit 
whig  ooUeopiea  MX  month*  oAer  Sir  Franr.ii  Burdcll  liad  cboacn  lo 
blow  hia  iruiupet  on  that  (|uestiiMi.  The  nliule  cour«e  and  current  of 
Engliah  ministerial  bittoty  is  us'insl  euulitioiis.  The  part*  are  iraper* 
feclly  welded,  sikI  fly  aanodrr  ni  a  »inglv  vtroki-  of  llic  bnuiincr.  Lord 
Goderich  ac^orditiRly  uu  oblignl  to  rv«i|;n  in  1828.  Braidea,  it  wax 
deemed  dciiralile  by  the  narmwcr  mindi  of  Lord  Livcrpool't  cabinet  to 
abridjte  tlic  adianctmcnt  of  Mr  Cnnninfi'i  opinions  upon  the  subject  of 
emancipation,  and  (o  withdraw  hi>  influence  from  the  torereign.  Tbe 
duke  of  WelliiigtOD  bad  ditcarered,  aa  be  afterward*  aaid  In  bis  plaee, 
that  "  tbe  right  honourable  gentleman  w«»  lli«  mot't  nealoua,  active,  and 
able  iiartuan  of  ihoic  cliange*  wjlli  which  the  country  was  thrcawn«d," 
and  which  he  made  it  his  buaioeaa  (happily  uMucccMfully)  lo  oppoao. 
But  lhi»  wai  not  all.  A  mean  and  piiiliit  J4«Uiaiy  of  the  man  lurked 
under  llie  op|>oa<tk)n  to  the  minialcr.  There  wu  an  omen  and  a  warn- 
iag  In  the  peecedent  whieh  elevated  "  ibc  adventurer'  lo  be  tbe  firat 
ant(iMt  in  the  country,  and  conceniraied  lioDOurt,  and  ioflueBce^  and 
oAoe  kbcNil  a  hrad  which  bad  not  dreamed  of  a  coronet 


•  Lttua  lOfisiu  l«(ut  amldu 

bocia  :  nulla  tomluia  ad  inrpara  faaew." 

Tba  comnmoer  who  bad  ipenl  fuur.«tid- thirty  years  in  tbe  t«nrloe  ol 
hi*  country,— who  had  studied  ber  t»t«feala  and  defended  bvr  cause  in 
the  society  of  such  names  aa  Burke,  and  Pos,  and  Pitt,  ami  MacLinloth, 
— was  ilocnied  unfit  lo  direct  ht:r  coiincllf.  upon  llieaiilliority  ol  a  peer, 
who,  when  that  carrvr  began,  was  iKanitug  tacli<v  in  India  a»  an  ensign 
ol  t>Ot.  There  wna  lliii  jMcuIilir  liantiliip,  loo>  ill  LunI  \V'rllill|tton'* 
conduct  to  Casning.  that  il  was  ehaiuciFeionl  by  gruM  ingratituda. 


*  Uanolrv  *vl,  li 
Sa 


If.  41a. 


SwT 


POLITICAL  BlltlBS. 


So  luiiiisUr  hnd  tn<iri!  aniciitly  and  i.>lu(fui-iitly  HtutainMl  bit  l<wiMllp<k 
conduct  ill  Spniii.  duriiiK  tljt^  wljulf  courw  i>r  his  military  eomiitwild' 
there,  uid  npreialljr  in  ibat  early  part  or  rt  «t)ri-ii  ihc  Mtion  *tood  iv»dy 
to  doabi,  M>d  luir-dispMed  to  roiiilfmn.  On  diACttHing  the  toIv  of 
ihnnlti  after  the  battle  of  Vitlortn,  lh«  ik>l(iii?r'*  ««ord  mtu  «T««lhrd  in 
iu  greenest  laureU  by  tlio  rloqitt-ncr  of  Canning: 

"  It  It  not  to  Jipnin  Blonc,"  laid  he,  "  tliiit  tlic  rff'pcl*  of  thr  late  vic- 
tory will  be  confined.  Spain  has  betn  ilir  lln'aire  iif  Lord  Wrliinj;ti>n'ii 
glory,  but  it  will  not  \>i-  tlio  booiidary  of  tlni  bfiitficial  rpsull  oT  hi* 
triumph.  TItn  lamc  blow  wbieli  hm  bmktii  tliv  tullBiuan  of  tlie  French 
power  in  Spuiii  Iiaa  tlitWHClidtiled  lli«  North.  How  ii  tll«  pKMpect 
changed  !  In  tliusu  eouiitries,  ubi're,  M  ui(i»I,  a  short  slruf!]^«  ha* 
bcrn  tiTiuIimled  by  a  result  diKAKtrou*  lo  our  wigfaes,  if  not  altogether 
cloning  in  dej)|iair,  we  have  now  lo  conlempbte  a  very  dilfercRt  asjiect 
of  ai&lm.  Gcrmniiy  cronchc*  no  Iwigrr,  trrnibliag,  nt  tfae  feel  «r  tb« 
tyratit,  but  msiiitains  a  bolaocrd  cKntM.  The  mighty  drlngr  by  which 
the  fontincnt  tin*  been  overuhrlmnt  b<-gin*  to  lulMiilr.  I'lie  limit*  u( 
iiiitiont  nrp  npiin  vi»ibli-,  and  ilicspim  and  lurn^ts  of  ancient  mtaUiab- 
inentii  begin  In  rr  Bfipi-ar  above  the  nibahlinji;  vave.  It  in  this  victory 
which  lin^  dt-lincd  ihme  object*  to  luteljr  Involved  in  iiwstricalitf-  M>n> 
fusion.  To  whom,  under  God,  are  we  indebted  lor  this  ?  To  the  man 
to  whom  n«  are  this  day  voting  our  thaiiW* 

The  keen  tnscipiibility  of  Mr  Caniiinj^'s  ti-nip<-ranien(  ww,  doublleaa, 
deeply  wounded  by  the  df-feclion  of  bis  foitner  MvnAt,  whOM  oonduol 
he  could  nut  but  view  in  it*  true  li^'hi.  Hi*  fhme,  already  enfcebhMl 
by  diiieaw.  and  frviTni  by  r)ici:(-nuni,  gave  way  after  a  ebori  Hdh 
bmrc  ibc  prcuurc  nf  nflHirt,  nnd  the  haraming  ntiacka  of  a  tlMMt  un- 
worthy and  vrxniioin  opposition.  He  defended,  with  bia  cuMonaiy 
iinltiancy  nnd  ability,  his  whole  course  in  rclcrcncc  to  the  cbaoge  whien 
had  placed  him  at  the  Irrad  of  the  govcmnieni,  btii  he  bad  no  (qipor> 
luiiity  tu  do  more.  He  ipofce  Inst  in  parliament  on  the  SAth  June, 
18:^7,  imtt  irannaeicd  butineu  ni  interval*  up  to  tbtt  U.^tb  .Inly.  Soon 
after  that  period  he  becaiov  doiigeroualy  ill,  and  on  the  »th  Aagnxt 
died,  at  the  u^t-  of  Hfty-teven,  having  retained  the  prizA  ol  a  long  puUio 
life  but  tbnr  month*. 

In  privalt!  life  Canning  was  rni»t  exemplary.  No  hurry  of  butiaoM, 
no  Inctdeut  of  olRcta]  staiion,  rier  prevented  him  from  addmsing  a 
weekly  epistle  to  lib  mother,  and  the  bcnutifol  epitaph  oo  his  wiu,  which 
his  biopmpber-  have  so  properly  prrtcrved,  display*  (lie  ardour  of  hi* 
parental  nfrcclion.  "  No  niaii,"  says  un  elcg;anl  writer,  "  was  ever  far- 
ther removed  from  presumption  or  vanity,  lie  wa»  unmicntatioua, 
accessible  to  the  huiublut  individual.  He  loved  niinplicity,  nnd  was 
gentle  nnd  alfabli.-  to  tbo»e  tilK)ut  hitn,  and  of  u  (■(incroiis  but  Kibcr  dis- 
position. At  times  it  i'  trui*,  upon  occaaloDs  «1  oflicious  intnrruption, 
OT  on  a  sudden  wntmding  of  hi*  Wlings,  lie  exhtbit*^!  tbut  irritability 
so  conxtantly  the  attDndoiit  upon  giiiKi*,  for  he  was  i-xquisHrly  nruutive; 
but  on  Bu  o<'euiiion  was  the  smalte«t  unlcindneM  ever  wantonly  iii&icted 
by  him  upon  others. "  .  .  ,  ■' In  hia  pi-rcoD  there  wen  no  exlr^inca. 
Hin  drewi  «a!i  plain,  Init  in  thorough  good  taste.  In  cmmi  things  he 
awcmcd  to  partuke  of  the  cliaractct  of  hta  eloquence ;  opeu  and  anolyf 

'  «pMcliM,  n>[.  Hi.  pp.  43a,  413. 


FnM»] 


«BOIIOI  CANKIMO. 


371 


ooacciau*  of  powtr,  and  cuiiNiiuciiily  nimplf*  ■ml  unpn-Miiuiiijc-  Hi- 
va*.  in  i)ic  (iriiDi!  of  lii*  lifp.  wliai  might  ti«  called  '  u  vi-rjr  liaudHKuc 
maa;*  toll,  wrll-iiiaili:,  liia  turm  auHiidod  bcluceti  ilrt^ii};!!)  uitil  aclivilj^. 
His  vouulcuaiict!  beauinl  with  iDtcIlccI  tiiid  bure  U  iwl  i>(  liniiii«M ;  yr< 
a  ntld  aoiJ  (joud-uatun-d  (.■xpmsiuu  U>  over  alL  His  bead  was  «i«a 
tben  bald  a»  llie  '  tirvt  CaMar'« ;'  lii*  Torebead  loft/  aod  ca|MdoiM  i  bi* 
•ju  reflectivi-,  but  at  lioM*  linly  t  toA  hi*  irliol«  muntt^nanoe  •xpra*' 
■ive  of  tbe  kiodlier  aSectiom.  ofBeDiu*,  and  of  tnlellectuaj  vigour.  Tbt 
■lattoraMeM  of  hU  eliK|0>-D<v  wa*  «m  ii^ibl«  in  bt»  cMTiag*  in  iba 
drawiog-room,  nor  hit  »oii>cwbal  tbcalrionl  manntr  of  d»tiv«naf  hi* 
pofliaaicntary  spcecbM.  lii>  gait,  a*  he  paced  ibe  carpel,  wn*  nuurel, 
and  wholly  rrr«  of  oonstniui.  lie  tm-oird  mvrved  raibcr  than  mmd- 
miuiicatirc ;  bo  *pok«  <|uicbi  bi«  voicv,  full  in  loiic,  barcnoiiioti*.  aad 
dnar." 

lite  mind  of  CaaaiDK  woj^  iii  Ibc  higbeat  <li)^r«iw  cultii-aird  and  re- 
fiited.  It  afiprcboiidi-'d  nilKr  by  a  luncb  than  a  gfttpt  aad  iMiulntni 
a  in^evt  nivro  by  tl»  luci^lity  tban  iu  iuiMwetteaa.  A  mirror,  not  • 
IcM,  it  radialtd  aad  redeci«d,  ioU^ail  of  cooccntratiDg  bgbt.  Had  lie 
d^v»ied  hiuiMir  lo  bWralure,  be  luigbl  ii«i,  lik*  Kuuimuui,  (in  tbe  ma- 
tapiior  of  t>ir  William  Jouc*,)  bava  "  vritlrii  wilb  phtwphoru*  v>d  tbe 
■idw  of'tt  ravern,"  but  he  nnutd  have  IouimI  ronana  to  ilbiuilDMc  the 
eaTrm  ilipIC  If  eJoqiM'ltca  ta  tba  cbild  of  knovili-d|[«,  ('oniiiitg  ua* 
U^itimalnly  an  orator,  for  bis  iiUdiact  wiu  rich  in  vnrird  ami  I'tnapr*- 
bniuic  Imtning.  His  distinct  and  accural*!  oMienptiaiis  wcrv  caprMMsl 
in  dear  and  liimiiKMi  hnguaiic,  ilbutmtcd  ratbi-r  by  alluBioii  Uian 
imagt-ry,  uiid  bctcuyiu);  lata  the  |rn>f«adiiy  tban  Uw  approprialMM*  ol 
bu  aniumioctii*.  Tbi-  rei^  uf  liia  awlvuiiu  Mwlioh  widtr  by  br 
ilMn  ibat  of  nay  of  Ua  grtat  conit-mpofwiw,  g«v«  •  hma^  MmI  aim- 
lilirity  to  bt*  ityle,  and  ■  point  to  bia  el—iwi  iUa«4nlwM^  «ll(iB*llb') 
ilurjfiating.  A*  bia  idea*  wtn  ancr  cooonM  un<Jcr  a  gorgoOM  OBl* 
Durintc  of  nanb,  m  lh«y  wen  navrr  chiMUad  down  into  naJtad  Mnritjr 
of  ouittnt\  or  ernmprd  by  uninluiml  iavcraion  or  alFi-ctcd  panit«.  He 
Doilbor  iMttoogid  to  ihc  (tt-nuaa  Mhool  nor  lu  tlie  intoiisE  Bcfaool.  He 
i^lw  lb<  word*  of  Queen  Anne  in  the  phrawrB  of  Kuij;  Gvorjtn.  If  h« 
never  ru*c  to  tb*  gigaotloi  and  (ddoiu  lu  ibe  imiMuaioMMl.  yet  he  nevi^f 
»ui)k  into  dcclaoialloa  or  frivolity.  If  b«  could  not  ibuDder  witb  .lufrf- 
Kr,  hi^  ilitdiuoed  W  rattle  with  &diiiooB«u.  VVU  be  ha«l  wilboM  dtwbt. 
uid  in  hi*  ute  of  it  Miuie  bai-e  deemed  him  loo  uuipuniig — if  so,  it  mat 
in  the  repuUion  of  toiBa  hot  attack,  or  at  that  >iaf;e  ufa  dvbate  in  wbteh 
nien  6gh(  uiih  »borlencd  tworik.  Even  Ihcn  hi'  ttdtoai  aimed  at  thv 
heart,  but  (truck  at  a  Icm  vital  point : 


•rinun  pnstordi*  laali. 


OilUda*  rnuumt  |«iiutuiB  MifeadoM  MMh" 

A  tpeeincn  of  bU  power*  uf  *arca*(io  retort  laay  be  found  in  lb» 
debate  upon  the  king'*  tpM-cb  in  ll^2i,  wlKre  bo  took  oecafion  lo  al- 
lude to  Mr  Btooghan'*  aaaenioii,  ibol  tbe  tDMCuna  of  cx|i>*iid<-<l  rom- 
niereial  policy  neeotiy  adopted  by  th«  adauaiitralion,  luid  I'tnanaird 
from  ike  rsiiL*  of  the  uppueiiion.  Canning,  with  his  acciutoned  <lra- 
lerliy.  ablfl*  iJic  elaim  from  lli«  p«rly  lo  the  iodividual,  and  tbua  ridi* 
culo  tl>«>  preteuiion : 

"la  Qucea  Aoae'i  rrign  tbvrc  lircil  a  vrwj  nge  and  able  crilir. 


372 


POLITICAL  tBRIBa. 


|Nt<mi 


P 


iiaiiiril  Uetiiiw,  wiio,  Iti  hio  uUI  mf^,  win  the  (ircy  of  «  Mrangc  bnc^i 
rhst  h«  bad  hiiDwIf  wrillrn  all  llic  gmxl  thin^*  in  all  ihe  good  piay 
ihu  were  acted.  Evrry  gncxl  |initNi|Er  bp  luct  wilii  In  nny  niitlior  be 
iiisialed  WB8  his  owu-  '  ll*  none  of  hii,"  Drnnit  troulil  nin aj-n  mj-  ; '  no, 
UV  hiIdc  r  l^Ii>  went  one  day  lo  *m  •  nrir  lr>g<^d]r.  NfMhing  parlicn- 
lariy  good  to  hU  l«*tc  occumd,  till  s  actiMi  in  « liicfa  a  grrRi  >rorm  «n 
repnwcntad.  At  toon  «>  bo  hcurit  the  ibuoilcr  rolling  onr  bnid,  be 
andoimed,  'Thai's  my  ihuiidrrl'  So  it  is  i>illi  llie  liunuunble  uid 
I«am«(l  g^itlrnian :  it's  all  liin  (btmder.  It  uill  hiriieclurlh  be  impo*- 
Mblc  to  ronfrr  any  lioun,  or  make  auy  innovation,  but  lie  mil  cUim  it 
M  bin  IhiiniJcr.  But  it  it  due  to  liiu  to  acknoo'ledfe,  tbat  be  doeo  not 
clnim  ci'prt-  ihinft;  \»'  nill  be  coattnt  with  the  eidum^  merit  of  tfar 
liluTnl  ni4-a(iiTv  relutiii;^  to  trade  and  coinni«r(«.  Not  dettrou  of  rio. 
lotitig  Ills  own  prtucipl(r>,  by  claiming  a  monopoly  of  fonwight  and  wia- 
doni,  be  kindly  t)irotr»  overboard  to  my  bonmirable  snd  learned  frienil 
(Sir  J.  Macbinlotli)  near  liim.  the  pr«i«r  of  South  Anxrica.  I  *boiild 
like  to  know  nhctber,  in  *o>no  dcgriM-,  liiio  alio  c*  not  hii  ibundcr."' 

lo  th«  r«tro«pr«t  of  Cnnning*  career  we  ar«  dtsfmned  to  eoodad^, 
thkt,  as  few  in(>n  hare  cnjoyiHl  a  youth  oflMighlrr  proniitr,  to  few  have 
■IMun-H  ■  life  of  inon  adequate  {leHomiancc.  If  be  via  not  all  tbat 
the  admirer*  of  the  lumiouud  anil  conaisient  buloiy  of  Fox  eolbl  with, 
or  that  iliti  hopci  of  hi»  onu  earliest  fricmh  aiitict)MteiI,  he  ba»  Mill 
nddcd  a  brilliant  name  to  the  political  and  rheloritttl  acinaU  of  bb  coun- 
try. l'(.-d  at  itH  kource  from  pure  founlain*,  hi*  courve  nx  like  a  bir 
and  fertilizing  river,  turbid  »ocD<-lim(«,  oiid  troubled  for  a  brief  wbile 
by  the  jonctton  of  aome  noii^y  torrent  or  rvfKrd  by  a  pa««ing  norm,  bnl 
Aooa  rrtuming  tt>  placid  vurfocv  and  widening  down  to  join  the  ocean 
of  peat  reiiienibmncM.  From  hi*  country  be  recrirvd  neither  title* 
liar  wealth,  but  he  cliiimcd  and  obtained  the  leffiliniate  reward  of  rx- 
cnion,  for  be  atood  on  ber  highnt  pinnacle  of  hoiiour.  Had  be  died 
earlier,  be  had  been  aparcil  tbe  iagratitndc  and  ctintumcty  nf  hi*  as- 
drai  cotltaguca,  but  be  would  have  miwed  a  unioa  with  tbat  party 
whoM  sHIance  with  him  fiom  the  flnt  wa*  indicated  by  tha  circum- 
■taac««  of  hi*  birth,  llio  frvcdom  of  hi*  inti-lh-ct,  and  ibe  Ipiril  of  bia 
policy.  He  would  ivtct  hate  taught  England  the  leaaon  the  teamed 
from  the  penwcutioin  of  hii  cnemira,  nor  bridgnl  the  gotf  of  party  aepa- 
ralion  lo  found  oa  lli«  cenlml  arch  a  roonumrDt  to  hb  fame, 

■■  Qnod  tint,  fft  B^lv  Imrtrrit  daaMbUur  mn.— 


•  spiw^Mi^  m.  t.  pp.  310.  aao. 

*  Til*  *liDi*  tlviFh  H  ilt|[l)lt]r  ubriigrd  from  'The  H niiiriran  t^ntrl;  tlertov.' 
Ko-  31.  A>r  KspUmbw.  imt.  It  ii  by  hr  (he  nal  (nnfeiat*^  tbe  MrtM  ^o- 
frapbirftl  aolic*  tt  tliEt  |n«l  nd  liiB«nMd  ■■liiw*a  Uat  ■>•  late  Mjvbet*  mi 


ruiim.] 


973 


#ir  iTj^omas  iHuiiro. 

Mm  A.  n.  1701.— Dm  a.  i*.  t8S7. 

Major-oemekal  Sir  TiioiiiAt  Mukho,  (ban  irhon,  mwI  Ccnnia^, 
'  Eurupc  nevt-r  praduml  a  murr  Hctymipliilied  stHlesmaD,  nor  India,  m 
ten\lv  in  hcroet,  a  more  tkiirul  aoldier."  wa«  «  aaiire  i^  Glwgow,  in 
vhicli  cily  III-  wan  bom  on  ihe  S7lh  of  May.  1761.  Aftvr  n-ceivjug  a 
liberal  cducuiion,  lit-  lailid  o»  a  CMlet  fur  I&dia  in  1779.  H'n  firit 
tnililary  MrviM  was  In  the  ineniorabtc  canipaiga  againot  llyrftT,  and  ttie 
rxit'nsive  wnit  ofmiliiary  opefations  which  icnuinaWd  in  tlie  [>enc4!  of 
]7a4. 

After  lh«  reduction  of  Srringapotam,  Captain  Monro,  <*lio  bad  made 
himirlr  tingiilarly  wcll-ncjuniiilcd  nlih  tho  inititutions  and  languagrn 
of  Inilio.  wiw  appfiinti-d  c«iiinisMon*r  of  the  nt-wly  acquiml  pravinc*  of 
Caoftra.  Of  iiii  sut«vn  in  Uii*  office,  the  folloving  i-iirncis  from  bJa 
eorreapondctiec  give  ample  tt-Mimooj- : — "  The  revenue  wn*  paid  with* 
readioeM  of  which  I  lud  4wa  no  example ;  not  berauw  ibc  iuhubitnnt* 
are  more  able  than  formerly  to  pay  ih^ir  reiii*,  but  becauM  tliry  believe 
ibat  their  reatlincM  in  ditcliarging  tlicrn  will  not,  under  the  Cotnpanjr'a 
goverament,  be  regarded  u  a  proof  of  nenlih,  or  n*  an  argnmeot  for 
tajii^  new  inipo«iiioD«  upon  tbeta."  So  far  wn*  thii  bcitiiy  in  tli«  col- 
lection from  being  purchawd  at  a  MrriBre  of  revenue,  that  Munra'it 
MttleiDCtit  WM  on  increane  of  ninrty-ifaree  prr  cetil  on  the  tehcdolea 
produced  by  Tippoo  In  1792.  "  I  ant  anitoui  to  |;ei  Cnnara  into  ladi 
a  stale  that  it  may  be  nan8|;ed  1>y  any  body  ;  and  I  am  eonvinoMl  that 
ibe  people  of  tbks  eounlry,  by  ny  apending  all  my  lintc  anion);  them, 
uii<ler  Ine  Ry  of  a  marijuee,  are  already  bi-iler  BritUb  9ubj<  ct*  ihan  they 
would  have  been  in  twenty  years,  had  I  IIvmI  in  a  home  on  the  »ea- 
•bore." 

In  ISOO  ibe  \ixani  Rave  up  an  eitrmive  icrrilory.  ninee  known  by 
tlw  name  of  the  Ceded  Dif Iricl^ :  »nA  Munrn'i  tn<vem  in  Canara  at 
onoe  pointed  bim  out  aa  the  man  to  be  rmployrd  in  fully  rcdueins  Itiia 
new  BcqtiMilion  to  Ilriiltb  fubjeelion.  "  What  breontrs  of  nawTy  ac- 
(luired  province*  in  no  ditorganiied  a  ronnlry.  mu>l  depend  io  a  grrat 
d<-f[rce  on  the  imRinliale  liandi  into  which  ibry  fall  nl  Oral.  If  the 
pmrncc  of  .Malculni  nl  Malwn  ban  fettled  eentml  India,  mo  limit  can 
1m  put,  in  thin  point  of  view,  Io  tlie  ■ervicn  of  Mnnro.  In  Ivngland 
wc  bsvi-  carried  (be  cant  about  *  mra«ati%  not  men,'  to  a  tidiculmia 
cxccM.  Nine  part*  in  ten  mtit>t  alwnyi  tlrprnd  nery  where  upon  your 
nuu).  In  India  yo<i  may  My  the  whole.  During  lli«  Mven  yean  which 
Munro  occupied  ihi*  ardiiout  put,  hri  lerrieea  in  it  may  hi?  beat  appre- 
eiateil  by  comparing  llie  Male  in  wbioh  be  rcccired  thc«e  distrieta,  wiib 
iJiat  in  nhicli  liv  hambil  ibcni  over  in  hia  •occewor;  and  by  looking 
afterwarda  for  a  momml  at  the  incredible  labour  which  wna  rewardeil 
with  this  almost  incredible  mciceia.  I'bc  Ced<d  DiitricU  cwnpriaed  a 
territory  larger  than  Sootlaod,  with  a  population  of  about  two  niltltona. 
They  had  aonk  under  long  miignvrmnicnt  to  naaiy  the  loweM  point  of 
anarohj  that  ■  people,  rrlaining  the  outward  apfwaranvea  of  aoelety, 
can  dMcrad.     Bcaidca  the  Niiam'i  iroopa,  the  firudatorSe*  were  in  re- 


S74 


MLTTKAL  SKUXS- 


t 


b*atoi, waiSOfiOO wwd Peot  ottr-nm  iW CTWtty.     Iiladi 
rto  MW*  «f  «*«ry   «pceiM  of  diMmhr.  and  ihe  •piil  ef ' 
lionr^  of  lawlMi  plMKkrvrs.*     By  lu«  ItOttk,  wv,  it  ap|MHa,  kad  m 
■tripfwd  ihr  fartife  plain*  of  tnvs,  thai  be  dctct  lav  aay  pvt  of  Seo> 
Imd  w>  dntilutc  of  iki  ai.     Hinilj  oor  far  iwcs^  milw       Fall—  JB 
tuiMlicr  plic«  tiaiJ  Uid  moat  of  tlK  vitUjcn  ia  ruias.     Seam  n«e  tamttk 
of  tlw  howw  were  inbabited.     Tke  mcane  offieen  wen  litfdt— d  m 
ppcuktimt  b«  tba  liXMcneH  of  ibe  late  govcnmail.   Tbere  ■«  «  mrant 
of  PUigM  alnoal  c4|u«Uv  troabl«auiii«.  vkeifccr  ikey  nfaaiiwd  ta   the 
conntr}:  or  dewrtMl  ii.     Tba  was  ib  coodilioB  vhea  Hum  UMlt»taa&. 
ill  cbvKi-.     When  be  naigBed.  awfbuoa  h*d  givpu  plaoe  to  onter,     « 
bcNlj  of  inbabitaute  ao  Ifttle  acouUMDcd  to  regular  autliorily,  wc««  ne> 
ported  to  be  *  aa  hr  adnnced  in  drilttuhww  MbaitBtoo  to  tba  Umt, 
ud  obcdkncv  to  the  nugbtratca,  aa  aaj'  of  ibe  Mib)Mi*  uodrr  ib*  gov* 
MMDCBt.'     A   lUud  more  Iwid  vsa  broogbt  nnder  nltjvatioa.     Tbe 
n*Ma«  w^re  coUacled  not  only  vitb  brility,  bat  witb  oopttnOdcd 
conpJrtc&^M  and  puoaualiljr-     Bjr  reducing  ihrm  Iwrntj-  p«r  ecM  M 
6nt,  be  wm  «ubM  gndKaOy  to  augment  tbon  &nm  ric*rn  tao  of 
pagoda*  to  eigblcca ;  and  ibia,  soiwithtonding  thrw  an&toorable  ar*- 
MMw,      Wbat  Utitti  (InoUe  tbe  ralue  of  Ihnc  pagoda*  in  tbc  fortbcr  ftec, 
ibat  tbry  came  into  ihr  trca^urj-  vUJioat  the  DrccMily  of  callt^  oat  m 
•idkIc  M-poy.     TIm*  cooBtry  no*  tioi  lum-ly  qoict, — rvny  one  apyraevd 
tatiifird  with  bU  ■ilaation.      In  1807  tbc  proptr  wcrp  a*  much  aaectcd 
at  bi*  qoilting  tlicio,  a*  wbni    Ivcnty  year*  aftcntanli  ibry   DMwrocd 
over  ibc  gmrr.  of  one  wbom  tlivy  boU  learned  not  only  to  lore  a*  ibmr 
&tber(  but  aetiully  to  utk  of  amoug  Uicnwelvca  by  ibat  cndearlpg  nwe. 
A  eingje  ruoijrii;  of  tbu  Liixl  ougbt  to  ibane  lo  (ilcnce  o«ir  iDconpetcnt 
and  Mlfith  countrymrn,  wbo,  returning  b«ai«  wiili  the  cowdomataa  of 
leaviag  no  >ympalhy  brhiml  ibctn,  any  be  tlio»  alnay*  ondentood  w 
(iftea  a*  Ibry  u-c  fouixl  moligning  ibe  cbaractcf  o(  a  poputalioo  wboei 
affection  ibry  (uti-  nrver  won,  to  be  o«ily  bearing  >ii  irrratttibfe  Irati- 
iBOViy  agaimt  lliemclvp*.     A  kllrr  in  IdO)  Trom  Cudilnpab,  depict*  tbc 
HU«  in  whicb  ten  yean  of  Mogul  gorcmmirnt  bad  left  it.     A  Idirr  to 
1^4^  Mnnro  iu  1923,  liroin  ibe  miiim  place,  nuki^  im  doobt  of  ibc  ««- 
duri^  Sdelily  of  ibdr  attachmenu.     '  I  wu  oHm  at  tbU  plaoe  Iwraty 
jrean  wga.  bot  the  heal  made  me  alwaya  gUd  to  get  a««y.     I  rtitl  lib« 
tbb  (OBBtry  Bolw  itbttaiiding.      It  N  full  of  iuduatriou*  cultiralon ;  and 
I  bko  lo  rvrogniw  among  Umo  a  great  number  of  my  oUI  aeaiiainl* 
ance^  vho,  I  liopo,  are  u  glad  to  bpl-  mc  w  1  lo  m^  Ibem.'     WblUt  wc 
an-  looking  at  tlii*  meal  affecting  rclalioaikip  between  tbe  gOTemor  and 
tb«  gonmed,  and  praylat;  ibot  it*  moral  nuy  «iok  deep  into  the  beona 
of  oar  Imliaa  rulera  of  wlmtevtr  order,  let  tlic  nailer  juM  renraibar 
what  «•*  tbe  office  In  which  Monro  had  earned  all  tbb  rrtcrenoe 
Urtit.     Ill  the  node  of  uuliiidual  Mitkineiii  adopted  by  hlea.  be 
faruugbt  into  pcfvonal  couiael.  and  upon  to  odioiu  a  nubjvci,  ofteu  i 
•arily  into  p«ir»ooal  collkiuu,  willt  every  (ingle  cultivator     Thta  ii  tmo 
almott  lo  Un  letter.     We  doubt  whellier  any  tax-gatherer  before  was 
ever  grtMited  aritb  trnr*  oflbi*  do«criptioo<     Ibe  ti-MlmoDy-of  affccUOD 
MManled  to  him  ui  Ibi*  period  by  i»*  aMistsul  ofKcer*.  (a  cun.  with  the 
ln»«dJa6  Tram   Kllota.)  •*  cqoally  ttonourable  to  oil   panlee.     '  Wc 
know  that  tlic  Cedi^d  Dblrict*  bold  your  nenie  iu  veneration,  and   firrl 
the  k<-rju<M  regrxi  at  your  dopaitim.     Ai  far  ouradvee,  we  •ttrl^Vte 


hUAD.I 


SIR  WILLIAM  tlOlTB. 


975 


Mr  »i«c(M  in  iifi'  rD  a  gnM  mrttutv  to  yon ;  ami  tliinlt.  if  w«  an-  good 
jwhlic  •rrrunts,  we  l«tc  diiefly  iMnwd  t»  bi;  m>  frOMt  your  iuMructkm 
•ml  «xaiii)ile-'  " 

In  ltM7  CoImiH  Monro  ret«n>Hl  to  Dfinlit,  Ktttr  an  ttuMiM  o4 
tv'i-niy-Mrrpn  yews,  ttt  reiiMtitod  chirtty  tn  London  for  a  period  of 
ttrftn  jean,  doniij;  wttieli  b«  had  an  of^porluniiy  of  grvMtly  JlluminU' 
ilig  th«  public  ta\ai  oa  Indiu  alFkire,  in  lii>  cvidfDM  w  «  parltainrat- 
nry  mknf  im  rh«  tvKewal  of  ihr  charirr  of  ihp  Vjut  India*  eonpaoy. 
Un  rbn  a|i|>  Clin  tin  rnt  of  a  comaiiMinn  far  the  rcriiinn  or  Ibc  aytlciB  of 
jiulicial  ailinitiiitmtion  in  Indin,  ColnnH  Miiiim  was  |>)iic*^l  at  iU  bend, 
anii,  in  icons' if  ucncr,  tuiilrd  tor  Mailraj  in  1814.  Hr  Tound  no  lilllc 
difficalty  in  itilrocliK-ing  ihr  I'banfrrs  which  wm  rrcotn mended  by  the 
eomniiMion,  and  uliimairly  odnpird :  but  by  a  union  of  tirmtieM  iind 
Kiodvnliun  lie  unmlunity  >ucr(i-ili-d  in  his  ufaji-ct.  While  tiiui  i-oga^ed, 
the  bnakiai;  out  of  llie  Mniirana  war  lu  1817  mlled  him  into  the  fl«'ld. 
At  tba  bend  of  no  morv  IIub  MO  n>gul>r  iroopa,  hf  cooipteMy  deTeatMl 
tbe  I'riUinah'f  plan*  of  ogipralinn,  anil  pljtcrd  the  thnrala^ttd  dintrirt* 
in  a  *tatr  of  Rnctirilj,  and  ultiniatrty  of  <viiipMe  rr|i(MC>  At  the  eloie 
of  the  wur,  li«  gave  op  hii  command,  asd  rctumi'd  tn  R^gland,  with  the 
iulrulion  of  *pmditig  the  n-nninikr  of  bis  days  at  bomc.  But,  within 
a  few  mouths  mtitr  landing,  he  uai  nppoininl  by  Cannin;:  k^^^'^^i'  ^^ 
Mndn* ;  on  irdich  ulKce  he  i-nlcred  in  IStlO.  His  p)vcTnmrtli  gave 
grral  Mtitrodlon  to  all  partin,  aimrlally  ibr  natives.  In  tli^  ■privg  of 
I6'J7  be  let  out  on  a  tour  to  aontf  of  the  diMriciM  !■  which  he  had  'pent 
the  fin*  ycwra  of  Ilia  residence  In  India,  llic  eb<4era  wn  prevalent  in 
tbem  at  iha  lime,  and  Sir  Ttiomas  had  aotrcely  mtered  tbnm  before  be 
WM  aeixetl  with  the  dire  dmrder,  which  ran  tia  coune  lo  a  fatal  termt- 
UMlei  Id  B  tew  houh. 

"  The  elevauion  and  com)M^bea*ion  of  Miinro^  KMler« landing."  taya 
tl»e  Edinliargb  Reviewer  of  hi*  ■  Lile  and  CtWliwpoiwteiKe,'  edited  hy 
Mr  Gleig,  "  wen  of  the  ftrat  order.  He  wu  in  poMrwiofi  of  a  mocp 
ihoroogb  Imowledg*  of  ibe  popatttioa  nf  Indin,  then  prHly  nearly  all 
the  red  of  the  eervice  p«i  tn^cther.  Undrr  Ihrse  circunwianoe*,  and 
in  IliP  Dnvwity  of  huloiiciiig  conlmdirlory  authorities,  there  OUIMt  be 
a  •aggMtlon  made  by  liim  on  a  tingle  putnl.  cirit  or  military,  which  don 
MH)lo*ervc  a  diatlnel  and  reaprctfbt  rooiidcration.  Sufficient  evidence 
exiMi  of  hii  ofitiiion*  on  tlic  muat  <Ubatc«ble  topic*  of  what  may  be 
catlcd  our  foreign  policy  in  Imlia  ilnrtirg  the  laat  AAy  year*.  Hit  carli- 
Ml  tfMnlBliotis  on  oar  war  politic*, — his  prophecy  that  ihe  force  of 
HranMataBce*  tniiai  drive  «■  onvard,  thongh  inicrcM  nt  well  aa  juatieo 
alike  nvfsimi  u*.  if  pnMlt>li',  to  rrmnin  at  peace,— li>*  ridicule  o(  tbe 
notion  that  a  bulaDcv  of  power  (the  Mnhratia  rrrtvj  Tippoo,  He)  woa 
pfwdinble  tiwong  Ixxlict  n>  fnW  and  Ductuating  •>  Ihe  native  olatM, 
wetv  oil  verilicd  by  the  vvetii." 

,^r  iUillinm  jj^tntr. 

Haw  <.  u.  ITMii. — Man  a. ».  IWIL 


Thib  diatinguiftied  oMcrr  «m  the  h-cooiI  ton  of  the  Rev.  Dhen 
Haala  of  Gnodwict  in  Norkilk.     He  nilrrrd  the  naey  under  NVIami, 


376 


MLITICAI.  tiktia. 


r 


and  WD*  carter  ncLiocil  by  liiin  wrili  ap)in>t>aiiun.  On  Iht  l4ili  of  Prb- 
ruoTf,  1794,  Nelson  thu«  vriu*  to  bit  fBilicr:  '■  Vim  cMinot,  tuy  dear 
Sir,  ntceire  mora  plewure  il  reading  ll'i»  Irltcr  tlMU  I  bave  in  wntiag 
It.  loiay  that  yoDrton  berafylliing  wbich  hb  dcwctt  rririid  can  mitb 
him  to  be ;  and  is  ■  strong  proof  that  the  gftttU*t  gallnnlty  may  be 
under  tl>e  moft  gvntli^  bcluTtonr.  Two  diy*  agtV  it  wa*  ncccjm>ry  to 
take  a  omall  vrurl  from  n  numbrr  of  people  who  bad  got  on  ahore  |o 
prevent  ii* ;  thti  wax  carried  in  a  hlgb  •tylc,  and  your  flood  too  was  by 
my  lidc."  To  the  Miiiv,  May  3d. — "  The  liule  briHtics  we  baT«  Ut^ 
had  witb  the  riR-aiy  only  scrte  to  convince  me  of  the  tratb  I  have 
already  caid  of  biui ;  and  in  bin  navigation  you  will  Sad  him  eqoal^ 
fbntard.  He  bigbly  deserve*  every  tiling  1  can  do  to  niake  liim  happy. 
To  Mr»  Kelaoi).— "  Eloate  is  indrnd  a  most  excetdiog  good  boy,  and 
will  shine  in  oar  tetric^." 

After  having  pa»»rd  through  a  variety  of  gndet  in  the  MTvioea  we 
find  Hoste,  though  Ktill  a  young  man,  tli«  *eoior  ofBcor  in  the  Adriatic, 
■t  the  commencem<^t  of  1609.  Une  of  the  nK>*t  di«tiagni*hcd  naval 
aclionn  in  the  Mediterranean  iilnlinn.  during  the  war,  nui  thai  fboght 
olf  the  i'lnnd  of  Liiaa.  on  tlie  13th  of  .March,  181 1.  Tlic  followit^  b 
put  of  Captaiti  Ho«te'*  dtspaicli  on  th  is  occaiion : 

-AkfiiIon.  tff  Utta.  Martk  lUt,  l«||. 

*'  SiRi — It  is  with  much  pleasure  1  have  to  acquaint  you,  that  after 
an  action  of  sis  hour*,  we  have  romplrtcly  defeated  the  comLined 
French  and  Italian  aquadronf,  contiiting  of  Htg  frigatn,  one  corvette. 
one  hrig,  two  nciiooncr*.  one  Kun-boat,  and  noe  icbec ;  the  fbrea  o^ 
poacd  to  tlicnt  was  his  in4jr»ty'»  sliipf  Ampliion,  ActiTr,  Cerbenut  ud 
Volnge.  On  (he  morning  of  the  13(h  the  Active  made  the  signal  tar 
B  ttmnge  Hoet  to  windward,  and  daylight  discovrrvd  to  u*  the  enemy's 
iU)uadroh  lying-lo  olf  the  north  point  of  LtlM!  the  nittd  at  UiU  Ikme 
«a*  from  the  N.W,,  blowing  a  fine  breeze.  Tbc  caitny  having  fill iiml 
in  two  ditisioni,  instantly  burr  down  to  attack  ui  under  all  posnUa  aalL 
Thr  Brilinh  line,  b'd  by  t)ie  Aniphion,  won  foriuefl  by  Mpwl  in  iW 
doiru  order  on  staitioard  taok  to  nrceivc  tli«m.  At  9  4.M-  the  action 
comiucneed  by  our  Rring  on  iba  bcadmosl  ships  a*  they  caaw  within 
range.  The  intention  of  the  enemy  appeared  to  be  to  lM>ealt  ovr  line 
in  two  pbcca :  ihe  itarboard  division,  led  by  tbe  Frencb  CMimadoev. 
bearing  u|ion  the  Aiophion  and  Acltrr,  and  th«  latboaixt  diviuoit  on 
the  Cerberus  and  VaU];e.  In  thii  attempt  be  faiM  (though  almoM 
aboard  of  us),  by  ihe  welV-dirvcteil  fire  and  compact  order  of  our  line. 
H*  llian  endeavoured  to  round  the  *aii4liip,  to  rngo^  to  lecwanl,  and 
Ibaicbj  place  us  bctueen  two  flivs ;  but  na*  so  wonnly  Kdrired  in  the 
Bllempi,  and  rendered  m  totally  unmanageable,  thai  in  Ihe  act  of  mr 
ing  hv  went  on  skorc  on  the  rock*  of  Llosa,  in  tbe  KreatMi  poasible  M»> 
fusion.  Th«  line  was  then  wore  to  renew  ibe  action,  ihe  .Amphion  not 
half  a  caUe'a  length  froa  the  aborc  i  the  fvwaioder  of  titc  enemy*  star- 
iHierd  division  p«iain|  nndcr  our  stem,  and  en{[>ging  nt  to  k-ewaidi 
whilM  the  larboard  division  tacked  and  rrnuinrd  lo  windwardi  engaging 
■  he  Cerberus,  Vulajfe,  and  Active.  In  ihu  Mlaalion  Ihe  actloa  Con- 
tinueil  wiih  grrai  fury,  hi*  msjeaiy'*  shijis  frequently  in  potitinn*  which 
HUvoldaUy  eaposcd  ihvm  !»  ■  mhntg  Bre  from  the  enemy,  who.  with 
bl*  auiimMiiy  uf  numbi-ix  I<mI  ahiiii  v  io  take  advantsgr  uf  it ;  bni  ••• 


I 


^nna.]  colombi.  dixok  dbhhau.  999 

thing,  Sir,  could  «ith*liit(l  ihe  brace  tquadron  I  bad  ilic  linnour  to 
eominaud.  At  1 1'  £0'  a.  M.  iho  l-'lorv  irtruck  livr  cnloun,  atxl  at  ixwu 
til*  BcUom  Mlowcfl  h«r  rxaoipli!.  The  rjirmy  U>  wiiulvard  nuir  cii< 
ilMirannHj  to  make  off,  but  vcre  Ajllawcd  up  ti*  clo*c  an  the  diMblcd 
»tau  of  liU  iiujcaiy'i  shijB  vould  aiimil  of;  and  the  Active  And  Cer- 
iMnw  were  ennbled  at  3  p.m.  tu  coinpi')  the  >ti«Dma»t  of  th«in  (o  our- 
nnder,  wheu  lli«  aciion  c^utd,  leaving  ui  in  p<M*eMian  of  Iba  Coroaa 
of  44  guna,  and  the  Bt-lloua  'Si.  The  l-'avorit*  of  4-(  gun*,  oa  aliore, 
*honly  afl^r  bleiv  up  vitti  a  dreadful  explorion,  tbo  eorv«n«  tnakiog  alt 
poMiblv  Mil  to  ihp  N.W.,  and  i<ro  frigatcn  crowding  •att  lor  iftr  port  of 
Leaains,  lJi«  brig  inaking  oA*  to  lli«  K-  E-,  and  Ihu  •mall  craft  Byiiig  in 
ei-ery  dirrciion :  ik>t  vat  it  in  my  puwrr  to  prevnit  llirin,  having  du 
ahip  iu  a  state  to  folloB  thrni.  I  niiut  now  acrouiil  fur  (bu  Fltm.''* 
genUlfC  away  alter  «hc-  had  ilruck  her  coluiin.  A(  tlie  lime  1  <vai  cn> 
gaged  oilh  lliat  tliip  tlie  BvUoiia  vai  raking  lu,  aod  when  th«  slrvck  I 
bad  no  boat  Ibnt  eo«ild  poaaibly  take  poatcaaioo  of  lirr.  1  ihervfore 
prefcrrvd  cloiin^  « ith  the  Btltooa  and  taking  li«r,  bo  hning  linw  along- 
■kl«  itie  Floie,  wfiich  ihip  I  alrrody  conudi-rcd  belonging  tu  u*.  I  call 
on  tbc  ofAceTB  uf  my  own  djiiadron.  a*  well  oa  tlioae  of  the  cncniy.  lo 
witoma  vy  waettiou.  Tbc  cumvpundruur  I  hare  bad  oa  tliii  iubj<?ct 
with  the  Pmioh  aptain  of  Ihe  DiuiM  (now  lli<ir  ruiumodurp).  and 
which  1  radoae  bervwiih,  ia  coovineing:  and  even  tbtir  onn  uifiecrs 
pri»onert  hcMt  ackiwwMge  the  faet.  ]iid«ed  I  migbt  hare  sunk  ber, 
and  *o  might  the  Active ;  but  aa  the  coloara  vers  down,  and  aJl  firing 
from  licr  had  long  crawd,  both  Captain  Gordon  and  anyiteir  contidered 
her  ai  mir  own  ;  th<f  delay  of  g«lting  ■  boat  on  board  the  B«lk>na,  and 
the  aniinus  punuil  oJ"  Captain  Uordon  alW  llie  beaten  eneniy,  cnablvd 
him  la  atoal  olT,  till  foo  late  li>r  our  bliatieri'd  Mpt  to  cotne  up  wiili 
him,  bb  rigging  and  »aik  apfiarcaily  not  inucli  injured ;  but,  by  the 
la*a  of  war,  1  alull  ci-pr  inainlain  hr  belong*  to  u*.  I'lte  enemy 'n  w]ua- 
dron  «u  conifliandrd  by  Monucnr  Dubourdieii,  a  capitainv  ito  vaia- 
•rnn,  and  a  mrmbi-r  of  tbi-  Lpgion  of  Honour,  who  i>  killed,  lu  ju«tioe 
tu  a  brave  man,  I  muat  ny  be  aet  a  nobl«  exampte  of  iiiirep)>Iity  tu 
tiMM  SMlor  him.  TlH-y  aailrd  frmn  Ancona  the  Dili  inatatit  wilh  jOO 
Imtfw  00  txinrd.  and  uvrry  thing  mcBwaiy  for  fortifying  and  garriawn- 
itig  il><!  i>lnnd  iif  Lion.  Thank*  to  PiorUence,  w<-  bnvc  liiia  liin«  pic- 
«  en  led  ihi'ui." 

In  [be  iaiportont  n**ial  operaiioa*  oarriMl  on  in  tlw  Adriatic  daring 
■  lie  year  IH13.  Captain  lloaui  rroden-d  valuable  aervicra,  ofm-lolly  in 
liie  rrduelion  of  the  foftrtan*  afCuluro  nod  Ragu>a. 

He  va*  mim)  to  the  iligaitT  uf  a  bnronet  on  the  23d  of  Jaly,  1814^ 
WmI  died  Id  Otoember.  IdM. 


€t}\ont\  ZKion  Bnifiani. 

•na  «.fc  I7M— OIED  t.BL  itKML 

Tni*  galtant  and  wl**ntnrou«  ufficer  waa  bora  in  London,  and  niw 
cax-d  at  Merchaui  Taiktra'  icliool.  lis  entered  the  Mmy  in  IHll,  ami 
H-rved  in  the  penianlor  emnpaign,  and  altorwardt  la  llw  Natbniaadft. 

la   1819  Im  oblMliivit  adiakiian  iat«  ikm  walor  Jtf»rWwrt  of  Uw 

VII.  3  a 


imTurnktm.  »fc«»  fa  fi mut  hb 

Jtferr  the  ««lk  «f  Bil^Mfc  Ite 

he  p»aMe<i]|  »  Siifc««.  iJ  tteane  «■  Moanoafc. 

Oaite  I7ih«f  FtbrMtj.  latS.  he «ti«cd  U Kooka. 

-  Tim,''  my*  br,  -  wm  to  h  >  aaaaMM  4a^,  mi  U  MMBCd  to  W 
equMj  M  t0  oar  ttmdmeun.     NotndMttafa^  dl  lh«  MfcaUe*  ikat 
hadftMcaMd  iImmmImmm  the  nriMsaupsafovr  jawBtjr,  «f  mrre 
■t  iM  vilUBf*  irw  (tart  hAm  «if  oar  doteOiM :  •«!«  ahoM  to  hf 
umm  irjiiiilirl  with  ■  pMflc  wha  hid  ■»«  wn.  or  •omly  bMrd 
of,  ad  EanftMB ;  md  I*  imd  vm  pymmi.  the  k— Irip  sad   ttme 
MiiMtiaa  of  which  hai  hitheita  b«a  wholjr  MakM**."    On  hi*  pe*. 
>wmtioa  lo  tke  iheikh  «f  Botww  he  mm  piMd  hi»  «a*Mawek  aad 
«M  pKNni*«l  bv  bin  mli  the  iMJifwi  >■  Ui  p— e 
•  h»Bwfa»%e  of  tlM  coMilrj'  wkd  Ha  iahehifMtn     Aft*r 
no  aoMfa  at  Ke«ha.  he  faconwiniely  jaiMd  •  hertJb  expcAtim 
MM  avt  bj  the  iheikh  egMMt  tha  FiliUhi     0«  th«  m^  he  puMd 
•eaedaTiM  Meadux,  the  «wltM>  of  whidicoMntiy  jewed  the  Bmh— ■ 
<M  tra^ii  whtt,  together  vilh  faiBurll'.  after  barain);  two  HnaU  lom^ 
wore  pw  to  figirt  aw)  defeated  bj-  ibe  FEbteh*.  at  the  ewi^  of  Meifih 
The  nlaMioii  of  >fejor  Ocaham,  in  hb  rrirrat  from  the  pvnacn,  «^ 
dieadfal  in  the  ritrrtae;  both  him  w  If  and  bii  Lone  wen!  b*illy  wooadcd; 
and,  after  twice  Uti^  with  the  laOer.  aad  fi(hliBg  iia^y  agaioet  threw 
ar  fanr  wwiiliBli,  faa  at  kagth  laj  diamed  tn  the  grDowl*     "  At  thai 
aioBcnt,"  he  rrlatee^  "  1117  hopes  of  hie  •mm  too  Uat  to  dtaena   Um 
maic.     I  wu  alaioet  iattenlly  MiTTOtttidMl :  anil,  incapable  of  laafc  Jui, 
the  least  reelMaoce,  vai  w  ipcetlilT  uripped.     Mj  pnnaeie  then  M^« 
teveni  ihnM*  at  me  «itb  their  •peon,  that  badlj  woaalRd  tay  '■imii 
in  two  places,  and  «li|:htly  my  bodj,  joM  under  aijr  riba.  on  the  r%hl 
Mc :  inile«<l,  I  nw  nMhiiif;  before  mr  bat  the  eaaia  erwrl  dratfa  1  Cad 
•een  uQinercifiillj  inAicted  oa  tlic  fow  who  had  (alien  tnlo  ibe  poror  of 
thoae  who  now  hail  poiBruioa  or  nie.     My  *birt  wa*  now  ahmlalclji 
ton  off  H17  back,  and  I  w^t  left  perfcctly  aeked.     Wlirn  i»j  plondereia 
began  (o  qnaml  Tor  ibe  ifioil,  ibe  idea  of  e*«epe  came  like  lighlaiag 
aeroa*  my  laiaA ;  ind,  without  a  ■i>o«nent'«  bMtUiioii,  f  cr«|it  ntkder  Lha 
belly  of  ihe  hone  etarret  me,  end  atant^  a*  tut  ■•  my  legi  ranhl  esrty 
■ic  far  the  Ibicknt  part  of  Ihn  wood :  two  oT  th«  Frlei«he  followed,  aod 
gafawd  npou  me:  (or  the  prickly  ondcrwood  not  ooly  abstraoied  lay 
paaage,  bat  tore  my  flceb  mi>crably ;  and  (he  delight  with  whioh  I  aa« 
a  nMUittia-etrean  gliding  along  at  the  boltoa  or  a  deep  ravine  eanaoc 
be  ImaglBed.     Uj  ottength  hau  afaaoit  left  me,  and  I  teixed  (lie  y««m|| 
brancbee  bashig  ftoa  the  Muiup  of  a  lar^c  tr(«  which  ovcrbiuig  tho 
ratine,  tot  the  pvrpoee  of  Iniing  nijxU  down  into  tbe  water;  whoa, 
■nder  my  hand,  ■■  the  branch  yielded  to  ibc  weif-lii  of  my  body,  a 
large  iiffa,  th<'  wont  kind  of  (crpent  thii  coutilry  pruduce*.  rose  from 
It*  ooi),  a*  if  ia  Ihe  very  act  of  •iriking.     I  was  hc«Ttir-(.irtirk.  oiid  dc- 
pfieed,  for  a  moMenl,  or  all  rcndlection — tbe  beonoh  *li|>f<ed  (root  my 
luDd.  and  I  tumbled  headlenf  hUO  tbe  water  lM-nc*th :  tbU  ehoek,  bow- 
ever,  (orlved  fnei  aad,  wiili  tbna  tttokee  of  my  arnu,  1  reached  ib« 


I'ntea.]  COLOKEL  OIXOX  DBXIIAH.  S79 

Apfiuitc  bank,  wliich.  with  diffiouliy,  I  climbed  up.  aud  tlien,  for  llie 
lint  time,  felt  myseir  sale  trom  my  puRiiii>rK."  Atttr  pauiBg  throngli 
otlier  dungcn  and  diMsU-rs  ulttiui't  as  apfmlling  as  iIiumi  jiMt  relstetl, 
fiil^<w  Dt'iihsan  relumed  lo  Kouka,  wlwre  be  arrived  io  the  bcjntming 
of  Majr,  in  a  stale  of  pxtrtaiv  wrt-tobc4iwn.  Id  hit  way  back,  hr  re* 
lalr«,  tbc  tittle  focul  Ite  couid  procure  "  mn  thni^l  otit  frotii  under  Borira 
Sana'*  (tlir  MhcIUi'i  gpncral)  imt,  aad  conaisled  i^enrrally  of  hit  InvinKS. 
Pridr,"  lie  cnniiniin,  "wa*  Gomclimos  HMtly  choking  mc,  but  ImiiK^r 
trat  lluT  pnniinouni  frr-ling ;  1  nnothrfed  tbe  Ibnnrr,  ale,  and  naa  rhank- 
ful."  "  Tliui,"  fip  olisprvri,  on  tritninnrin^  lii«  account  of  it,  "  ended 
Our  mail  iinsuccraiful  rxprdilion ;  it  had,  however,  itijuvtice  ami  o|h 
praaahwi  fbr  it*  basin,  and  trhn  can  nrgret  ili  Kiilutv  ?"    ^ 

In  Jauuanr,  l&i4,  bi-  obtained  periniuinn  Tram  the  nbeikh  (0  tWt 
lh«  Logguli  nation,  and  ou  thu  Itilh  uf  Fcbniory  hn  entered  their  espi- 
tal,  called  Keruuk,  aRer  exploring  u  portion  urilie  great  internal  Afriean 
take,  Itie  Tchad.  Returning  lo  Kouka  in  Ihe  TolloKing  mnntli,  he  net 
out  fn>ia  tliat  ptaci-  for  Tripoli,  by  tray  of  I>oti  and  Woodie,  earryin^ 
with  liiai  prcscDH  IrDin  the  ■heikli  ivf  lioniou  lo  the  kinj;  of  England. 
He  entvn-d  Xoiwli  on  liic  S6tb  of  January,  1H25:  and.  a  few  day* 
aller,  eunbarked  for  Leyhom,  aemmpanieil  by  Captain  Clapperton. 

Hit  compaaieo  bavin);  a|piiR  adventured  on  Afrie-an  ditcovery,  the 
Uifc  of  prtpiftog  and  fMibluhinc  tbe  aecouni  of  llieir  mutual  di^coverfM 
devolvetl  npon  Major  Denliam,  who  e>e«uled  il  ia  a  vety  caiisraclory 
manner,  and  aoen  sAor  waa  a|ipoinIed  governor  of  St«rra  Leone,  with 
tlir  tank  of  iiculenant-coloDel.  He  entered  upon  the  dutiea  of  hi*  gov- 
pnimmt  with  great  teal  and  spirit ;  but  wat  cut  off  in  ■  leir  nionlh*  by 
(lie  fatal  lever  of  the  eouniry. 

"  ir,"  xay*  a  writer  io  tbe  '  United  ServicA  Jounol,'  "  if  Mppoted 
linowlwlge  of  lite  climate,  if  <ia*y  eonrunnliy  sitli  the  aborigines'  modci 
of  iiving  (for  lo  that  Colonel  Denhnnt  always  lume<l  hi*  alteiitioii,  an4 
ndaptml  binsolO:  If  perfect  uanfiileiioo,  from  iImm  elniKnstaocn,  that 
Afneta  umeaphen  posMMod  no  ptrils  for  Itlm,  m  JOMtod  had  li«  been 
to  ail  it*  influenoM  during  bit  wide,  iride  IraveU  tbfough  its  burning 
deaeits,  and  ulon;  it>  (Mniog  •borea ;  if  a  joeund.  happy  Iwati,  happj 
in  l|)mding  comftirt  nn>nnd  him,  ^m  hi*  countrymen  io  the  eoloiiy, 
la  ths  rcscned  natifv  black;  and  ranguinrly  pulling  Cirvan)  hu  yet 
more  promising  plaas,  rady  to  Ikt  brought  into  immi-disti:  .letivity  :— 
■  r  this  wmc  uf  amply  doing  liie  duly  he  wai  Mrot  out  to  jwrrunu,  aiii> 
muling  tlir  natural  simigth  of  hi*  Sim  oonaliUitioii,  could  havo  kept  Ik* 
tumi  blood  unvenomed  in  that  bencvolenl  he«rl;  could  have  peaMmd 
the  lmj;hl  lieatlh,  wliicli  one  hour  glowed  on  that  muoly  check,  aixl  im 
(he  neat  was  Mtinguished  in  livid  fialeaeaa;  if  all  Ihii  could  bare  suf* 
Deed  IO  compass  with  security  tbe  life  of  man  in  that  colony,  Deabaa 
would  not  have  died !  '  But  the  good,  ibe  brave,  liai  indeed  ftHea  t 
and  who  la  aaf^?'  It  was  oo  the  9ib  of  June,  iJiiS,  that  be  breathed 
ilia  Ib*i  in  tlie  governmeirt  house  at  Sierra  Leone,  alter  s  few  day*' 
teveri-  illoea*.  Young  as  he  was,  be  bad  completed  bia  eoOMilaBioB  •■ 
#arih  1  for  hi*  sun,  though  yet  in  Ht  early  noon,  had  gone  down  In  m 
glonons  pMh,  and  a  rich  harvest  of  good  works  waved  over  it.  Tha 
new*.  wbcB  brought  (o  Knf;taorf.  did  not  fiod  a  father  or  a  moUicr  to 
wei-p  for  a  noUe  son, — whow  growing  fame  was  lo  reflect  bonour  on 
(heir  lioaiy  lienils  no  more.     They  had  been,  many  yean  before.  laid 


3SA  POLITICAL  KKIIS. 

ill  thiir  pnacpral  tombs.  Bui  liis  bralbrr  lurvitcd:  bU  dilcr  in  priiDO- 
^nnilurr,  and,  u  »ucb,  one  who,  from  llie  tiaio  of  tbeir  ivvrrtd  parcnl** 
livajb,  liati  bwci  a  broil>ef  tii(l(«d, — a  rrieod,  ■  fuiber,  to  the  yoanjf  antl 
enl«rpri*iiig  loiitJer;  be  lived  but  iii  Ibe  bsppiiiMS  and  h<iut>ur  of  lint 
dear  and  adventur«o»  char^ ;  aod  nobly  did  the  imteliiligable  aapuani 
repRy  him  with  Ih«'  object  of  bit  frnternnl  cftreii ;  for,  ers  k  few  yc«n 
tiiid  pawi'il  nwny,  Dixon  Ih-nhnm  bccAnio  rcnownrd  at  a  miff  infill  a* 
McU  at  faithriil  M-rvant  of  lib  coiintry  ;  abM>,  ■■  an  unitraricd  bcncbotor 
to  ifac  poor  inhafaitanlc  of  the  wiklot  rrfcioo*,  whiilicTMiever  b«  waa 
sent ;  anil  in  Ihb  iriic  celebrity  bin  not  leu  bp«irfiis.-iit  and  dtiintrrr«t«d 
kinmiaD  lound  a  jii»t  rtcoiii prime,  liimsclf  a  loltred  inan.  but  frankly 
pnjoying,  within  hoiieit  ptidr,  llie  lijtbt  which  Bboiw  ruunJ  hi»  bn»- 
ihrr's  name:  fur  it  n»  tbe  light  i>f  iiiiegnly.  ULeol,  and  an  inirrptd 
■Old." 


Boax  a.  x>.  17113.— Dl»  a.  n.  I88K 

Tiiii  eminent  Indian  judge  vaa  educated  at  Harrow  aiu]  OxIbnI. 
Ilaviii}-  bei^i  culkd  to  tlt«  has,  he  aiaJe  hiinielf  known  and  estermpd 
in  ba  prufenioii  by  his  '  Trvaliae  on  Extcol*,'  or  excculioiM  nl  ibe  suit 
of  the  king  a^-ainsl  the  king'*  debtor*.  In  1813  be  pilbli(li(il  au  able 
'  EaMy  OD  tiie  application  of  Cnpiial  to  Land;'  and  in  l&:£6  a  tract 
*  Oo  tiM  Pricfl  of  Com.  and  the  Wngm  of  Labour.' 

In  18S3  he  ira«  oppoinuH  recorder  of  Bomtwy :  and  in  U»e  etlai^ 
Ulbnieiit  of  thp  tupranw  coitrl,  wm  conttituted  cbi«f-jiu(tcr.  In  Jul^, 
1006.  wboR  it  wa(  propow^  to  adopt  the  Calcutta  rrgtibtiofi*  for  son* 
trolling  the  prew,  8ir  EduanI  rcjuotud  ibe  tn«4*utr.  in  llir  followiny 
mMt  conatitutional  opinion  : — 

"  The  purport  of  Ibo  pre*ent  rrpJntion,  wliicli  ia  tiM  iMm*  aa  thu 
|Hm  il  at  CaldiUa.  i*  to  probibil  the  publieatioii  of  any  aemfuptt,  or 
oUiM-  pfriodics)  vork.  by  any  pcrvoii  not  liniucd  by  Ibe  KO*"n*or  mnd 
OMincil,  aod  to  make  Bueh  licenw  rorocabl«  at  ihi-  [ilcasure  of  llie  gov- 
rraor  and  council-  It  i«  quite  clear,  on  tbe  mere  FnunciUMMi,  (bat  lhi« 
ngnlation  impoir*  a  rotriction  npon  the  liberty  of  the  aubject,  wbivb 
nolbing  but  citcDnvtancr*  and  the  tloto  of  lociely  ean  ju«tify.  Th« 
Briiiili  IrfcuUturc  bu  fton«  lo  n  grnt  ratcnl  at  ditTirent  liow*,  boib  In 
EuflUiid  and  in  IrdaDd.  io  probibtting  wliat  U  Untul  in  itwlf,  Uwt  ii 
•botild  be  HMd  br  unlawful  purpOMa.  but  noTor  vitbout  it*  appearing 
to  the  aKtiafaclion  of  Ibe  U-giiloUm  thai  it  van  rnuUrtd  naonaary  by 
lite  Uatc  of  ibc  country.  It  is  on  thi*  i;rouod  of  cxpcilicocy  and  pcetl 
>ily,  on  B(«outil  o(  the  abu*««  (at  *tated)  of  tbe  prcw  at  CalcutUit  frOBi 
ihc  »ljte  of  alTtun  llirrr,  &nd  fioui  the  nigeiMy  of  lh«  caw.  tlut  tke 
CalctiUa  regulation  i*  luaiiiuiiifd  by  ita  rery  preamblr  -.  by  three  oTtlHi 
(bur  rtnaoM  of  llie  Court  of  UirMion,  ntwn  the  apfie^ih  and  by  tba 
wliote  of  the  trgusifttii  of  cotinwl.  upon  llie  bearing  of  it.  (I'br  Icnrnfd 
judge  here  read  the  preamble  lo  the  Calcuiln  rt^nlniion,  and  ottvela 
from  the  reaaon*  of  tbe  Court  o1  Dirrciot*  upon  the  appeal :  aitd  alitt 
edvrfiud  lo  lli«  erguninil*  which  biul  breo  urged  by  coudwI  npon  lb* 
bearing  of  tliat  appeal :  for  ibe  purpote  of  *bo«iug  that  tbe  CalcutU 


• 


I 


raiMLK.)  KOBKBTiSABLOr  LIVCSPOOL.  S6I 

rrguUlJoo  wu  avDWMlI}^  fouiMlMl  Upon  ihe  allcgAtuiti  ikkt  '  inailm 
tcndinK  to  bring  ibe  goveminent  of  iicngal,  mt  bjr  l«w  «>tabllahed,  iutu 
ha(vi-d  and  conteinpt,  lud  of  lute  betn  frcqucalljr  prinWd  and  cireulaUrd 
in  ii«wit|iaper*,  «iiil  oUirr  paprni  publwltrd  in  CalciiUa.'J  Uttt  «b«t  lit 
l)i«  pnaiuhlo  10  the  n-)iula(iati  which  u  now  prapoocd  in  h»  r«gi>lered 
ill  tl>R  Siiptcme  Court  at  Ikunbay  ?  !■  ihcrc  nay  rc«iliil  ot  '  malMn 
trtidii)};  la  briajc  tbi-  f;a*rniiu«Dl  lA  ibia  cmintrj-,  «i  by  Ui*  vfUbliabodi 
iolo  lialrrJ  aud  coiiU-mpI,  liai-iiig;  been  prialcd  and  drculalrd  in  ne**- 
papt-nanil  uili«r  jMprrv  publiilicd  in  Buuibay'f'  Notbinit  of  the  UikI: 
^llie  priaiuble  mtnljf  recites,  that  a  cenaiii  ref(uUli<iB  litul  boeo  jMSMd 
ill  Calcutta  far  tlu  prercDlion  of  tb»  publiuuuon  ofauob  malUcs.  Is  il 
ihe  fiwl,  Uwi  aiMih  oiaRon  hava  been  publiabed  in  tbe  Bombaor  paper*? 
On  ■  (ingle  paiMge,  or  a  waglc  word,  '  lending  to  bring  the  goweni- 
■wnt  of  Bombaf  into  liMrcd  and  (wiirtnpt ;'  can  a  tingln  siriciurr.  or 
cammeni,  or  wordi  rcapecting  anjr  of  tbc  nwoxure*  of  govrmDirnt,  br 
pcHnlnl  out  in  any  Bombay  paper  ?  How.  tlwut,  witliodt  lucli  urcwily 
u  ia  Btaied  in  tite  pnambic  to  ibe  Calcutta  regslaiioo,  eau  it  be  ex> 
peMed,  that  evfa  mm  llic  Suprrmp  Cuurl  (o  coD«enl  to  rrgitirr  it,  and 
an  appeal  were  preferred,  it  would  be  confinnnd  by  his  iMjnty  in  conn- 
oil  ?— where  wnuM  be  tlw  m»ou  of  tbe  Court  of  Dirrt^or*  in  brour 
of  il? — wberc  would  bo  tbe  argiuucnti  of  iM>un*rl  in  wpport  of  it? 
SuMMM  an  act  of  parliiimvnl  pOMcd  la  sii*penil  t]in  hiibr*i  rarpiu  net 
m  Irdand,  on  account  orirmsuiiAblc  practice*  in  Ibol  country;  inueh 
case,  cridcBce  of  iiucti  practices  ntrald  be  laid  befbru  oonimiltrCB  of  tlw 
two  Iwiuea  of  p«rliainent  before  tbe  act  wns  {iB»ei)i  and  the  act  would 
abo  recite  Ih^m,  ae  tbe  Cakuita  tegubtiou  recites  tbe  evili  wliicli  it 
wB(  intended  to  rvmedy.  But  would  ibi-  fact  of  eiidi  act  liaviog  hetn 
paued  for  Ireland  juetify  a  motion  la  cxicnd  it  aW  to  Kngland.  with- 
out any  evidence  of  any  aucli  irraiooalile  practice*,  nay.  wlwn  il  n»* 
woll'known  that  tlicre  were  no  auch.  or  any  circumalaoce*  to  call  for  ii, 
ami  wiib  a  men!  recital  of  tbo  iMbeu  corpM  act  having  baea  aa^Madcd 
in  Ireland,  ns  tbe  preavnl  propoaed  regnlaUon  aaroly  nei»m  ihM  lfc« 
taioe  regulation  had  been  paaicd  Kt  Caleuila?  I  am  of  opinion  iku 
ifai*  profNMed  re|t«lfttioii  abiMiU  not  ba  Ngialered." 

Sit  bdward  dlracted  moch  of  hi*  attnilion  to  tbe  ioiproVemaii  of  tlic 
police,  and  of  prMOit-diM>plin«.  He  dictl  al  I'oonoli  iu  lli«  ■lanib  of 
Aoguti.  IBSS. 


Uobrrt,  Carl  or  librr^ool. 

fORN  A.  ».  ITTO.— Mail  4.11.  INK 

ItnBRRT  Bavks.  the  04ily  eon  of  CbarleaJonkUiaoa.  aAerward*  Earl 
of  Lirvrpool.  waa  bora  on  ibe  7lb  of  Jaoc.  1770.  Ilr  wn*  ttluooted 
at  the  Charter-haiMc.  end  at  ChriM  church.  Uifortl,  where  he  «a«  the 
aofn]iiaiiion  ntid  frimd  of  Canning, 

Hr  eniemi  into  fiotilifwl  life  aiMler  tha  asapioea  of  Pilt,  who  apprar* 
to  have  employed  him  fiir  a  time  at  I'aris  in  watetiiiiK  the  projcre**  of 
ilie  r*volntian<  He  waa  rrlunrvl  foe  the  niiiii>irtial  borough  of  Kyu 
bafore-  he  had  readied  ta^jonty  ;  but  he  paaaed  the  ItarnBiag  period 
on  the  cvntinrnt,  and  look  ha  teal  io  lli«  wioter  eeauoa  of  17ftl-)!. 


H 


rDLmcju.  nam.  pfim 


'     "—rcfc  ^tm  Pan'  m  tfce  \ 

ofi»iwriiiiiiiiii«*n<hrifai 

17M^«taila*&dHr«nMC>«Hd  EmI  . 
Mofc  A*  tilfe  af  LorI  tUvkofewy.     WbM  A4- 

vW«  Rtt  rcf  ret  J  to  <fcgb  be  rcenved  the  m^*  of  i^ 


Off  JncmMia  Lmv  Lhvffpvoi  iwtoctiBttir  opo- 

IkM  «M  wxMiM  JediMd.     TW  mJ^  aMMMi  t»  iW  aaBklry  m  tkit 

iiimFiii  I  iir  T^"-- -^  — ^  "- "     ■■  To 

rflW i*»*i<» of  1611-18,  h-lofAhyjtHiuuiHWi 
mouoo  iWttWlMMMAiMldplt^stMlflatake  inMi 
mtc  nf  tbc  !«■■  wptieting  the  C«thoHei  eari;  ■■  die  o«x>  ■•■■•» 
-  He  wmdrf  Bcvtr,"  be  olMcrvH.  "  meet  ■  graC  qw€iti«B  wkfc  liltk 
•hift*  aad  •xpcdieatft-  It  oogkl  to  be  net  opm  gut  lad  g^ieral  pri»> 
dple*.  Bat  it,  vben  takca  apon  peat  md  fnml  |wwiiplt»,  W  caaK 
not  arc  bu  way  ro  »  wfc  tiatJfiiiB,  W  ihodd  aW  h*me6»gjmMj  i»J 
imnfiillv,  if  he  did  Bot  STOW  that  w  iiiiiii  T.  and  Mt  accmibflf. 
Wrre  iLe  religiaw  o|maen>  of  A*  CathoCca  ibe  00)7  otnOicIrt  it  »aald 
b*  aaotlwr  aSiir.  But  tkr  oath  of  tafnmaej,  m  &r  at  it  Jnelwdad  «■ 
AbjaniiM  of  all  forripi  }amin:tien,  apiritaal  aj  «rU  a*  tnaponl,  W 
MUidered  to  b«  s  ftindaincBta]  part  tit  ibe  (rttlMneal  of  the 
ntat  U  Uw  Kcvahitiorn.  It  «*i  at  that  period  laid  6own  m  •■ 
till  prindpl*-,  that  the  Prutcitaiil  i;ovmiRitnt  ■•>  lo  Iw  finaljr  < 
litb«d  in  ibne  rralm*.  He  cuiu-iiitx]  tbi*  tu  mwii,  that  Ibe  pewrr  ef 
■bv  atatc  «■•  to  be  ProtaiUtit.  mid  10  be  *o  tpn'!^*!*— *  iur  the  hwrfi 
of  all  deacriplioiu  of  iu  >til>|ect».  If  any  oac  political  pfincipl*  •«« 
RM>re  tirnily  tBtaUi*bHl  thap  aootber,  be  look  it  ta  be  thi* : — tiMt  the 
•object  of  a  ttale  *hoM  owd  do  alleffiaoce  Mil  of  that  Kale.  He  eooM 
•ee  no  beneficial  rpMlt*  frooi  rhe  motion  oT  bia  noble  frwnd.  It  «u  ■ 
naxira  of  hi*  political  life, — a  inaxini  cooflnned  bj  all  bo  bod  c^rrr 
hcord,  read,  or  otMcrvcd, — that,  wiib  n*pcei  to  a  itrMt  ooaathotioool 
(pMMioo,  if  a  itand  weve  to  be  loade,  it  abould  be  node  n  limimr. 
'Ibcrafefw,  a<  be  coaki  not  dearly  tee  any  prc»prct  of  a  pr^Atel  eoa- 
cliiaiOB  froai  tbc  present  propoaition,  he  lliuugfat  the  true  way  to  potai 
of  pnDci|iU,  aoi)  the  moat  sianly  «ay,  «••  lo  rnia  it  in  the  fir*t  in- 
■taaee.  Ho  would  crrn  go  further,  and  aay,  that  if  he  were  ditpaieJ 
Ui  make  cooeeaaion,  he  would  i4lll  oppoae  the  uoiioB,  becauae  be  wooM 
iicTiT  pledge  litRwcir  to  make  aoy  great  cbaiige  in  Ike  Uwa  withowi 
knowing  euu-tly  what  that  change  waa  to  be."  Hi*  lordahip  pct«ialed 
in  bb  opfraaiiion  to  the  Catholic  cUimt  i»  ibi>  laat  of  hi*  political  Ufr. 

In  I8I7  be  •upportcd  tlic  iiupcouon  of  the  habro*  cofpoi  atf.  Ho 
•aid  thai  "be  resarded  it  with  as  much  vrncratiao  as  any  one;  that  br 
eeacrued  lit  aot  as  an  act  of  Cliaric*  thr  Second,  but  a*  an  anlrnur 
and  inlegnd  portof  ihaoooatituiion.  The  qneMkia  ww,  whether  ihm 
waft  MiffleieBt  gfooadi  to  intmat  bi*  toajeaty**  labttoten  with  the  power 
ihey  rctpiiml  for  ibc  oomcrralion  of  Uw  itste?  Datitcaiic  trooaoo  waa 
woTM  than  furiign  Irrwon.  Tfcera  laigbl;  indeed,  bu  circOBiaUamo  ta 
ferdga  ireaaon  to  take  away  iia  viul.  iu  deadly  atab.  Thrir  loWbhlpa 
^•d  pmob  oflJkc  eaiMcDou  of  a  tjsirni  to  o**tthfow  ihc  eonatitirtian  of 


I'lKrao-l  CIIARLKl.  LOHO  COLCIICSTBR.  3^3 

ihe  country  ;  and  irli«o  tiity  *avr  «ueh  a  aystein,  with  m«Iignnn(  ipiriu 
Tfady  lo  »H  it  in  full  motion,  nam  1(  loo  much  to  tsk  ibrm  to  intrust 
ibe  i-xoculive  «it1i  power*  (bat  iniRlit  be  wl<^u«te  to  its  «up|>Ti;»iun ? 
He  felt  the  importanrc  of  thr  criiit :  hi>  w.in  prrparnl  lo  me^  it :  Diul 
hs  wonld  lufiiT  no  odium  to  Iriithlrii  iiim  from  (bir  iirrn  p«th  orduljr." 

Whrti  the  Bill  of  Paius  nntl  P*-ii«liii!s  agniiuE  llw  (|ufrn  ma»  beforv 
the  lioiisi-,  I^ird  I-iviTpool  said  iu  llii-  i^otNite  on  the  KiKHid  rrndJng: 
'■  Aduiillin;;.  my  lorda,  tiiat  trr  are  to  liluated  thai  ve  nrc  in  fomr 
ni«anire  coiupclled  to  inabc  a  cbo)c«  lNtt««en  evi1«,  I  tay  Ihni  in  thin, 
ad  in  other  caws,  tli«  «tntighl-r<>rnjtrd  t'Out>>e  i*  the  ino«i  expodirnt  l« 
pursue.  There  may  b«  inconveniencff,  my  lunl*,  in  gnin},'  on  with  it** 
bill ;  but,  if  jou  bclwTo  her  inigeaty  guilty,  j-nu  are  bound  by  erery 
jiut  and  moral  ronnidemlion  not  to  stop  h«-rc.  I  uy,  let  the  coose- 
(jocDiX's  \>c  what  llicy  may.  if  you  believe  lu-r  roajcily  gnilty,  yiMi  ari' 
bonnil  to  sKrcv  to  llic  aecooi]  reading  of  tlii*  bill."  lie  thu«  eoncluded 
iiii*  ipi'ech :  **  I  am  oonu-iit  to  be  Judj-L'd  by  your  lonUbipi,  I  am  coo- 
iwit  to  be  judsfd  by  tbe  public  at  largo,  as  to  the  whole  of  ray  cnndact 
in  the  eonrte  of  iheM  proceeding*.  I  appeal  lo  Him  vho  alone  knmn 
th«  ««erel  of  all  henris,  nod  who  alone  can  unravel  all  the  myaterjm  and 
intriearim  i>rthii  great  cum!.  if  th«  jiidgntont  wbicli  I  have  giveo  ii  not 
trne, — if  il  i*  not  at  Irax  foundt^  on  a  (mm-  of  inlrgiily,  and  on  a  aioit 
lincrrr  wi»)i  lo  do  jniti<s!  in  mercy; — not  with  any  diapofUrao  to  ritit 
the  ill<i*lriou«  iadivitlual  nccuiril  with  a  har*brr  meanure  of  puniithmctit 
than  nrcAuily  requlm ;  but  with  an  aniiou*  dnire, — a  driirc  whieh  I 
am  sun-  ti  vnleriaincd  by  all  your  lord>bip«, — todo  juiiim*.  in  ibin  tn«<t 
tai{iortant  eauM-,  betntmi  the  crown,  the  (|uc<.'n,  and  the  country.'' 

Lord  I.ivrrpool  ipprnrrd  for  lite  Utt  time,  in  thv  boiue  of  lonlf,  on 
thr  I6(h  of  I'cbruiry,  I8i7.  uhrn  be  lui^oricd  an  oddrcu  Kir  coiifer- 
rtng  a  proTnion  auiiable  to  Ibcir  rank  oi)  tbo  ilnkc  and  duchcM  o( 
Cbrcncc.  Tbe  next  mutiiiajt,  uAer  baring  breakrualvd  aloao  in  hb 
library,  be  waa  ^ud.  by  hi*  lenanli  Mreuncd  on  tliv  lloor  in  a  para- 
lytic tit  He  nai  ibortly  aflerwBnb  fMuoced  tu  hl>  M-at  at  Combe- 
woodi  where  hv  lin^vri'il  In  a  rlale  of  mcniji  imbe<:iliiy  until  hi*  deatbi 
wbiob  leak  ]>lacc  on  the  4lh  of  IVrember,  1828.  lie  wo*  twiee  mar- 
ried :  lircl,  lo  llieodocia,  a  dan|;hifr  of  Lord  Brnlol,  ihc  biabop  of 
Dcfry  :  aud.  iccondly,  to  Mia*  Ch<«ttr,  Uit  daugbtcr  of  n  dorgynaan ; 
btil  had  no  iauie. 

IjMil  Liverpool  wa«  a  man  of  moderate  talenu,  but  finu,  |>ruili-nt, 
and  wrli-mianiiig.  Hia  ijitrm  of  policy  wna  an  nniound  ouc,  but  fab 
int/^ly  wa*  uiunipcwcbcd  and  unim|>racliablfc 


C^atlta,  3Lorti  Colr^itfitrr. 

•oaH  a.  Dh  IT47. — oiKv  «.«.  ion. 

I'lijiRLBa  Aanor,  Lono  Coi.ciiaaTiin.  «•*  bora  at  Abingiton, 
Bcrka,  OQ  tlie  Ulh  of  Octobrr,  I7&7.  lie  aaa  the  younger  aoo  of  the 
Rev.  John  Abbot.  D.  D.,  rrclor  of  All  SataU.  Colefantar.  Hi*  earlier 
vdueaiion  wna  conducted  at  Woimlnttcr-adiooj,  wherv  he  Mood  at  the 
li*«d  of  the  election  of  Oxford  (cbolart  in  I77.V  In  ITWt  lie  took  a 
lBWMlegrt«,  and  waa  aoon  ahev  called  to  ibe  bar. 


rOUTICAL  UaiS*.  (liana 

Ha  cvnc  into  parluun«nt  ia  Judc,  17&5,  oiul  immMliatdjr  rmgtd 
fciiMtIf  aitb  miiiuten.  Pitt  enplojcd  tiim  x  duunnan  arthr  fipaaee 
RiHunilKv,  in  vhieli  ttfttUXj  h«  braaght  up  lo  Um  uM»  of  the  homn 
no  leM  than  iliirtj-ais  rrptxt*  niihin  two  mmnbi.  Jo  ISOO  1h  man4 
the  eppointniatil  of  a  coniDiitCn;  to  inveclignln  into  the  ttmtm  of  tb*  B^ 
I'lontd  rceonlt :  and  be  auhwajui-'Qilj  (IrToted  much  oT  U«  lina  to  the 
object*  ot  the  Royal  rceonl  coinmiiiiaD, 

On  the  lOdi  or  Fcbrury,  liWi'.  Mr  AUiot  wa«  eledMl  §pemk*w  al 
■he  boiwc  of  conitiMMis.  lo  this  rapacity  he  tfvrv  lii*  caatiaff  *M*  far 
the  impMebraenl  of  Lord  MslvUte  b  180^  He  fiUnl  th«  uffiee  W 
■pcaker  wiUi  genenl  MlMfcciioQ  la  all  partim,  itinfl  the  ymr  1817,  «be« 
he  retired  from  offlop,  aail  <nu  cmiad,  aa  a  reHsrtl  for  hit  ier*iee^ 
l^ran  CokbMtcr,  with  apcmion  or£40IM)pFrBiiDDni,aiid  £1000  to  hi* 
■ucceuor.     Hb  lo«il>liip  died  in  1629. 


^r  IDdbib  JBairtt. 

■nuxv.  I7U<— ana  x.i>.  Iftt*. 

Thi*  iUtiinguitbcd  oHiocr  wa*  ihc  fifth  aon  of  William  Baird.  Em).  of 
Nciubjlh  ill  Ea*t  Lotliion.  lie  rntrrpil  tbr  arinv  n>  an  rnngn  in  lh« 
■M  Toot,  in  December.  1772.  In  I7ti()  lie  arrived  nt  Mailraa  iritb  the 
73d  rrgimeiil,  nader  the  dMnmaiid  of  Lord  MacUy>d.  Ilyder  Ab  was 
at  thi(  juncture  ihreattrning  Madnu,  whicli  wub  corcred  by  a  amall  (brer 
oT  5000  men,  u»il«r  Sir  HMrlor  Muiiro.  That  officer  havini*  d«*- 
patclied  Colonel  Fletelur  and  Cajitain  Uaird  to  (he  amiataDce  of  Coloaal 
Haillir,  Buird  thared  in  thr  mbfuttunn  at  Colom:!  Boillie**  liltle  deOefc- 
ni«nl,  aiid  was  kept  a  prisoner  at  Seringapatam  lbn?e  yean  and  a  haU. 
lu  1796  lie  aai  appointed  ra^lor-genenl;  and  on  thc4ili  of  May.  171)9, 
lie  contmaiided  a  brigade  orEuropetaa  at  the  itortain);  of  SeriBga|MHak 
Tlie  Tollowing  extract  Irom  Liealeaanl-fCeiwral  HanUt  dMfwtdi  rclito* 
the  lervice*  perfbrmed  by  timcral  Uaird  on  thi*  oceaaioa : — 

"  Trn  Aanlc  eofnpanica  of  Europ«4nf,  laknii  from  tboae  rt^menii 
necMMirily  left  lo  guard  o«ir  msip  mkI  oiit-pu»U,  rolli>w<.-d  by  the  ISib, 
33d.  73d,  and  74ib  rrgimrnta,  and  three  ci>rp«  ul  F:rviia>Ji«r  *epoy*  Ukfa 
from  the  troop*  or  the  tfanv  prr*idctici«s,  with  two  kuitdred  of  libhttl^ 
noM  the  Niuai'a  troop*,  brmcd  the  party  Tor  tbi>  aaiMll,  aewipaalij 
by  ont  huodred  of  the  artillery  sod  ilie  ror^i*  <>f  pionr^ra,  and  uippartad 
in  thi-  ircDchcs  by  tlic  botlalion  cumpouica  oT  ilic  rcyinicnt  de  Memo*, 
and  Tour  battalion*  of  Madraa  aepoy*.  Colonel  Sfaerbrookc  and  Lien- 
tenant- colonv  la  Duiilop,  Daltyaiple,  Gardiner,  aod  Miguaa,  cumiaandcd 
the  MTerol  Dank  eorpi  i  and  Mojar-gcflenil  Baird  wa*  intradnl  trith 
ill*  direction  of  this  inipurlint  KTtirr.  At  one  o'clock  the  troop* 
HMM -rd  from  tile  trvnetiM,  croMcd  the  tocky  ifd  of  the  Caver;  mder 
an  filreincly  heavy  ftre^  paaaed  Ibi-  |;lM.-ia  and  dilch,  and  aaCMidfd  the 
brcaaliM  in  (lie  fauoo  bmyo  and  rampart  of  the  (art,  auniMNiatiBg  in 
the  miM  gnlUiit  manner  every  obslado  which  the  difliculty  of  Uw  pa^ 
noa  and  the  ratiilmco  of  the  enony  prtacnteit  bi  oii|iiBe  llicir  progrcaa. 
Mtijo^ganoml  B^rd  bad  divided  hi*  tote*  foe  the  purpoie  of  deariag 
(lie  naipafd  lo  llift  "Rbt  and  lelL  One  ilUiiioii  was  romaiaiided  by 
CdoMl  Sbcrtirookri  the  other  by  Licuieuaui-coloni!l  l>uuiopi  the  lu- 


Praidn.]  SIH  DIlVtD  BAIRD.  ttH 

icr  nu  diMbled  on  Ihc  bmnch  ;  but  bolb  coqMi  oltliougli  tlrnngty  op- 
po«ci).  were  compklcly  cucccuful.  Ituitlance  conttnuvil  to  be  iMdt^ 
jroni  the  paUce  of  Tippoo  tur  suiiii*  tiinr  n/liT  all  firing  lisd  e«a»«tl  from 
tbi!  work*  i  tiro  of  his  wus  were  tliiTi!,  wlio,  OB  sMunnoe  of  uf^tj-, 
Turrfiiikrad  to  tli«  (roup*  mirroiuKliog  (bem ;  and  guards  were  plued 
for  the  protcctiou  of  the  Tdinily,  most  of  whom  trtrc  iii  the  pnlacc-  It 
via  ioon  aA(r  rrporiiH]  that  'i'ippoo  Sultan  bad  l&llcn.  S>'cd  Sohcb, 
Mcrr  Saduc,  Syrd  Gofar,  nnd  many  otli<n  of  his  cliic^  ncrr  nUo  tlain. 
Mnuurr*  vren  inaicdintcly  adojilcd  to  *top  the  <!uiirusioii,  at  tint  nna> 
roidable  in  a  city  «troti|:ly  g«Ti*oiivd,  crowded  with  inbubilanr*  and 
llirir  property,  in  ruins  Trotu  the  fire  of  a  iiuiuuroiu  artillery,  and  taken 
by  usaidt.  The  priiicf*  were  n-fuovtd  (o  (he  camp.  It  appeared  to 
Major-);i-tiFrul  Unird  so  iiopurtaiit  tu  ascertain  the  faie  of  the  Sullaii, 
lliai  he  eau»ed  iiumnliaie  icarch  tu  be  made  for  his  body,  wliiulii  after 
much  dithmlly,  »a»  found  lair  in  the  r>cning  in  one  of  (be  gates  under 
»  heap  of  iiUiii.  and  Kion  afti-r  placed  in  Ifae  palace.  Tho  corp«e  was 
Ibo  next  day  rccogniird  by  (li«  Rkintlyi  mmI  itiien«d,  with  llic  lionount 
tliie  to  hi*  rank,  in  tile  niauiuleuui  of  his  futW." 

lu  IHUI  Baird  becauie  coludcl  of  (lie  A4th,  and  joined  the  foro^  in 
Egypt  thortly  after  (liv  surrcuder  of  Alextndm.  In  ihe  Kitlun  tag  year 
be  neonducud  Uie  Egyp(tan  [ndlaB  amy  acrOM  the  dtnttrt  to  India.  In 
IMS  he  waa  removed  to  the  Madrea  ataff.  and  appointed  to  tbo  eow- 
nund  of  a  hrge  di*i«ion  of  the  army  forming  agaitt*!  tihe  Mabtsttat. 
He  anticijtated  tho  comiiMiixl  in  ihi*  mtvicc,  and  on  the  appotnimrat  of 
MajiiT-gcneral  Welle«ley,  »olicilr<l  and  received  pcraiiMioa  to  return  i« 
Eiigliuiil. 

In  June,  1804,  be  «*t  kiitjttiled.  uid  in  the  folloiriBK  year  mri- 
nUBded  the  expedition  agaiint  tlie  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  expedi- 
tion uiled  from  St  Salvador  on  the  S6(fa  of  November,  IHOd.  and 
reached  Table  Bay  on  ibe  4(b  of  January.  18U6.  After  a  gimcral 
survey  of  the  shore,  it  was  found  im)>oMiMe  (o  land  (lie  troops  any 
vhere  Bearer  to  Capo  Town  than  Siddanba  and  Lotpard'a  bays ;  of 
which  event  General  Sir  D.  Bainl  giws  the  follawiag  parliculara  :^ 
"  1'lie  wirf  afoog  the  short  of  Lospard'*  bay  bsving  coaadorably  alwiod 
llie  eauiioK  momini;,  t  dotrrniincd,  with  (be  eoBcorrcnco  of  Commn- 
(lore  Sir  Hume  Pophaio,  to  mnke  on  effort  tu  get  ibc  troops  oo  sborv. 
and  accordingly  tlie  Hi(;hbad  bngadc,  compound  of  the  71«l,  7Sd,  and 
9%l  r«i[imenl«,  elfi-ctrd  thai  ot^Mt  under  (!m  conunatxl  of  Brigailirr- 
general  PtTgnwon.  Tlie  ibore  bad  breo  prvviotialy  very  chMcly  in- 
spected by  Ike  brtgadier,  and  by  bU  spirited  ncrtions  and  nuunplc.  our 
sAirti  were  crowned  with  sucosm  ;  oltbougU  a  conliuMl  and  intrienie 
efcnn«l  to  llic  sImto — wliicb  liad  been  accurately  pointed  out  by  bcu- 
C9BS  laid  down  by  (be  djljgcaec  and  activiiy  of  Uie  buUa  of  Ibe  Dia- 
dtBi-^and  a  irtnMBdov*  ourf  oppoaed  the  puM^c  of  iho  troops.  The 
rnmiy  hBd  scottcml  ■  party  of  sb«rp.«bout«rs  oror  the  cnnliguOM 
beigbta,  and  camtoaBded  (he  laBdifflg ;  but  the  caaualtiM  of  tbis  serviee 
aroae  principally  from  natural  diHlcullio:  and  it  in  wirb  tbc  dnopaat 
HXiecni  1  have  ilie  honour  to  infurai  jour  lordship  tliat  wc  lost  lliirlr- 
tiir  rmiik  nud  Kle  of  ibo  03d  n]gi4Baai.  by  the  avcraeufaig  of  bbo  of  tbc 
twots,  notwithstaudiug  rvery  poaMble  dlbrt  to  raacaa  thesa  BBbtUuiBlc 
mon.  The  r\-aiaioder  of  the  lrou|H  e«ubl  only  be  linrngbt  on  ahon  ob 
Ibfl  wococdiniK  day,  whcB  Uie  extraurdioBijr  otiMelM  H>  all  JBUrcoBtsa 

rit.  3  c 


SM  roLiTicAL  auiirs. 

with  tbe  fleet,  which  nothing  but  (he  t-uunge  and  ptnextnncc  of  Bn- 
tirfi  searaen  eovM  Minnount,  b«r«ly  iiiabled  «•  to  obUin  Ibe  indiipin- 
«able  Mipplies  of  vbIct  an<l  proTitiona  (itf  mancdiate  aab«iMm>er.  On 
tli<'  morning  of  the  8tli,  Uir  aniiy,  cooNMii^  of  the  341b,  &9tb,  71rt. 
72(1,  ft3(l,  niid  93il  rr^imtnu,  about  'tOOO  ■tmng,  wu  fbnnad  into  two 
brigaili:*.  a-itli  Iwu  iiowitu-n  uiid  sii  linht  fir]i]-pi,«cs,  and  nWred  nff 
towwds  tlie  ruad  whicli  Iwifa  to  Cape  Touo  ;  and  hariag  aeeMted  ttw 
auDunit  of  tlie  Kaw-Berg,  or  Blue  iDOuulaiiw,  aod  dwhtged  lb*  eaeaayV 
light  troop*,  I  diMormd  th«ir  main  body  drawn  up  in  two  lion,  pr<a- 
parcd  10  recotro  ns  and  ena  in  motion  to  anlirif«i<<  our  approaeb. 
The  ennnj'f  forco  appamulj  coiubwd  of  aboui  6000  mm,  the  gmatrr 
proportion  of  vhieh  wai  caraliy,  end  S3  picnn  nf  canooa.  yoked  lo 
honn,  tlx^  di(po«Hioi)  of  wliich,  and  Ibc  nature  of  thr  gmuad  uccap«>d 
by  tlie  rnnny**  troopa,  made  it  ovidcot  tbat  they  intended  to  refttae 
ihuir  right  iviog,  and  with  Ibeir  leA  aileinpt  to  lurn  uur  right  Bamkt 
but  10  Irutlraii;  tlirir  Jwign,  I  Tormcd  llie  army  into  two  oolnHaa,  lb« 
tty^ud  brigade  under  Brigadier-general  Ferguason  Levping  ih*  roM^ 
«  hilat  the  firet  sinirk  (o  (he  right,  and  look  ibe  dcHle  of  Ib^  munantaimm- 
Having  aceonipli»hed  niy  purpotc,  our  line  wax  formed  with  aqaal 
celariiy  and  ordrr.  and  the  Irft  *iog>  oooipowMl  of  tbe  Highland  bri- 
gade, oat  llirown  fumard,  and  adrancnl  wilh  tho  alcadicBt  (tep  mnd»t 
a  T«Ty  iM-aiy  fire  of  round  ahot.  grape,  and  miukrtry.  Nothing  could 
eutpaa*  or  rcairt  the  dclemiined  braTcry  of  tli<-  troopi,  beaded  by  thrir 
gallaitt  It&ik-r,  Brrj^dlrr-Ki^itcnl  Fct^UHon :  atiil  tlie  nntobeT  of  the 
eoemy  wbu  iwanuud  ibi-  plum  Kvrrcd  only  lu  au)(aipiit  their  ardoor,  utd 
eortSriu  llicir  dlscipliuvv  I'be  eiM-my  received  oar  fire,  and  maintained 
hb  (Huition  obMinaiely ;  but  io  tlie  mourfit  of  charginiit  the  niour  of 
Dntiifa  trooftt  bore  duwn  atl  Dpjioiilioii,  and  forced  hiin  lo  a  precipitate 
ri'tn-at.  Tbe  ftnt  b<rigMl«.  eumpoai-d  of  tliv  !i4lb.  3!lih,  and  89d  r«gi- 
ni«nta.  and  MNMBaBded,  iu  tlip  ahaence  of  Brij,-aJif  r-f;eiirr»l  Berealbnl, 
by  L)euteiiMtt-ce4anvl  Barnl,  wu  oDBvuidaUy  pn-cluitMl,  by  tbctr  aibi- 
ation,  frosi  any  eouMderable  panicljiaiioii  in  ihe  Itiuinplt  of  the  Brilufa 
»n»a,  UuMgb  the  floiiL  eoiupaak*  of  (he  24lh  had  an  opportunity  of 
dMiingiiWillig  tbeHiaclvM  in  dislodging  a  nuniU'r  of  bono  and  ritttnm 
from  tbiT  height*  on  our  right  flank.  Thii  brilliaiil  aciicrriDeal,  how- 
ever, wai  clouded  by  Ihe  ioatof  CapUiu  Foalerof  the  grrnadiera,  wItOM 
galUuiry  U  bed  rerorded  in  tbe  boaotni  of  hi«  broiber-KiIdwr*  and  the 
uniTcnal  regret  of  ihf  anuy.  1|  u  utterly  ImpuMtble  to  eontry  lo  yow 
lordaliip  an  aderjuaie  itira  of  tbe  obMladea  which  ojipoMd  the  advauee. 
and  retarded  the  tucevva  of  our  aroiy :  l>ut  it  ia  my  d«iy  lo  inform  yoar 
lurdihip,  tbat  llic  nature  of  tbe  country, — a  iteep,  heavy,  and  '— '  '"rf. 
oovi-rcd  witb  shruba,  warcciy  pervioui  (u  li|;ht  ImhIkb  of  infaully, — tMl. 
aboTv  all,  tbe  tOUl  privaliun  of  waUr  under  the  rCect*  of  a  bnniiug mut. 
hml  nearly  exhauated  oar  giillniil  frllou*  in  the  mooMnt  uf  victory,  and 
villi  Ihe  utoMMt  difficulty  wen-  we  able  to  r«>ach  the  Heil  Valloy.  othtfc 
we  look  our  poaitlon  tat  iheoifhi.  A  coiutdrrable  portion  of  the  |)fo<»- 
•iow  and  ncOMMrica  with  which  wc  mUrted  bod  brrn  \otk  during  Ihe 
Mlloii,  Mid  »c  oeeupird  oor  grouoil  oader  an  apprchtuaioo  that  evin 
tlie  great  cacrtiuo*  of  Sir  Home  i'upliani  and  the  navy  rould  nu  re- 
lievo u*  Irom  aurvaiion."  After  M«ie  wunn  and  well-tuetlled  compli- 
saaut*  lo  Ibe  aeuKB  tor  their  w-aloua  co-opefatlom  ihe  general  iboa 
coBliniiea»— *<  Tta  loa>  of  ibe  numy  in  ihia  mgagMmtu  ia  rvpaltd  In 


I 


,1  ■!>  DAVIU  BAino. 

ne^i'if  700  men  in  killiMl  and  woundeil ;  and  U  in  wiUi  ike  idmI  Miwible 
ftratiih^atiUD  thai  IroiilraU  il  will)  ifie  pdcImmI  i«(iini  of  our  catualiiML 
Oil  the  iDominnof  lb»  Dili,  rrcmitrd  by  ttich  *iip|>t»c*  w  tin-  onncarjcd 
dilig<^nro  mod  eflbrta  of  the  n^v^v  could  llirnw  on  •liotv — lliv  39lh  ivx'- 
tni-iit.  bov«Tvr,  being  almiMt  ctuDpIctely  drslJIutc:  of  fooil — wii  pruw- 
eul«l  our  roarcli  toward*  Ca)>«  Tuwii,  anil  look  up  a  |Mu(lofi  iouili  of 
Sail  Rircr,  n-hicli  wc  Irustud  lui^'bt  preserve  a  (rtr-  coiuniuuivatioii  with 
th«  tquadroa ;  for  our  baiterJTig  train,  ai  well  a*  ercry  other  n«G«Maryi 
enc^l  water,  ma»  lo  pa**  lo  ut  from  ill*  majesly'a  ttiipK.  In  tbi*  sUiM- 
lion  a  fla^  of  Iruoe  ira«  lent  to  om  hy  tli«  commandant  of  the  gairiMiii 
of  Capo  Town,  (the  govtTDOf-^enarnl  Janien*  liaving  rrtircd  aftrr  iW 
a«liaiiorikr«lli  into  tli<> countrj-,  moirinK  liy  ItollenloU  Holland  Kloor.) 
roqin-iibg  a  (iu|>cniiao  of  hoaillilies  for  fiirty-cigbc  liours,  in  ordrr  tu 
Dr(,'ulialc  u  ca^iilulntion.  In  aniwvr  to  Ihii  ov<rrlurc,  I  (ti:<palcli<Hl  Bn}.'> 
adicr-ftciicrul  Ftrr|;u«iua,  accompanied  by  LieuleDarit<col<inel  Bruniiri;;);, 
10  allpulale,  a*  the  condition  of  my  ooqiileiccnn',  the  aurivnder  of  lli« 
outer  woric*  nf  the  town  within  ux  houn,  nllowing  thirly-iix  hour*  Ivr 
arraoglnK  lUc  artidrt  of  cap  itu  In  I  ion.  My  |)ru|i(i*itiua  bi'ing  aiM^ntcd 
to,  tlic  S9ib  regiment  marehed  into  Fort  Kiiukkc ;  and  the  iirxt  day, 
in  conjunction  with  Sir  Huaic  Puplianl,  the  terinii  were  tf^-ed  upon, 
and  hi*  maji'sty's  rorcn  were  put  in  pOMcwIom  of  the  (*v«nl  defenom  of 
ihe  town.  Of  ih«  modiAtMl  capitulation,  aa  ntifled  by  m.  I  Inve  the 
honour  to  enebNe  ■  oopy-" 

The  artiolM  of  capitulaiion  MMe,  ibnt  nn  tl><-  tuTTcnJer  of  Ctpa  T«wa 
and  itR  dcpcndeitoiM.  the  gtrmon  ah^ll  niArcli  nui  anil  b«MMM  prlaoii- 
•T*  of  wnr ;  toch  officrr*  aa  Br<!  married  lo  nativn,  or  aro  dontotltited, 
bnng  allownl  to  remain  in  the  lawn  on  their  parole,  'llie  Fmieb  Mb- 
j«cl«  belonging  lo  two  Mranded  aliip*  are  inciuiled  in  ibe  lurrenilt-r. 
Thff  inhatiiianl*  of  the  town  who  have  bovnc  amia  lo  b«  allowed  to  n-- 
tarn  lo  Ihrir  form*^  ocnipatioiu.  All  bona  fide  prop«rty  »hall  rMoain 
IWr  and  nnloiichnd.  I*ul>li«  property  of  crvry  ■Icsoripljon  fhall  be 
bitlifulty  drlivercd  up,  and  )»n>p«T  iaTvotoriea  ((ivea  ai  aooa  ■«  jwuiMi'. 
The  burgher*  an'l  inttabiiants  ■hall  prMer¥«  all  their  rfghls  and  privi- 
lege*. PuMie  worship,  a* Blpreaeat  iBnacahallbc  maintained  niiboui 
altaraifan.  The  papcr-moiMty  Id  elrctilaiioa  iball  continue  current  until 
(he  pleuim  of  tib  Britannic  majealy  la  known.  Tbc  land*  and  houiM, 
the  property  of  the  Ilatarlaii  re|Mit<Ilc  wbieli  mutt  b«  delirered  up.  iliuti 
remain  ai  •rcorily  for  Ikat  part  of  the  piprr-innney  whicli  n  not  alnwly 
■mnred  by  mortgagea  optm  th«  eataiea  of  indindnaU.  friianen  of  war, 
wprcheaJeJ  Is  rh*  piMtat  eapiubtion,  aball  not  be  prcaacd  tnio  hi* 
Britunio  Bi^eaty'a  Mrvici«.  Tbn  inhafaiianU  of  Cape  Town  aball  ba 
f»Bp(ed  from  having  troop*  quarlcrvd  un  them.  Two  ahlpa  having 
bt«s  tank  in  Table  Bay,  lu  ike  great  deiriiueoi  of  the  rowl^Uadl  vltfier 
after  Iha  Baurian  rrpnklic  bad  ami  otit  a  ll^x  of  tivee,  or  whibi  it 
was  ia  eon  letn  plat  ion  m  to  do,  tl»ey  are  tu  be  raiteil  and  tlfrliTand  orar 
in  an  entire  tteir  of  repair.  Thi*  bavine  bern  iloiii_-  wilhuwt  ttta  laiM* 
lloa  nf  the  eammandani,  the  railing  of  the  taid  (liipa  afaall  ba  incnin* 
best  on  ihoM  who  nunk  tbent. 

Aftrr  having  peribrmtd  ihi*  valuahti*  *er*ica  for  bit  coantry.  Sir 
David  wa^  afipointad  colonel  of  the  S-tib.  and  ptnml  o«i  the  Ibtalgii 
flialf  under  (imrmt  Cadic^rt.  HeeommaiKlitl  a  divL*i<in  al  tbc  >irfr« 
•f  Copanhagcn ;  and  m  lUOU  taikil  tor  Comnna  with  a  atraDg  rtin- 


POLITICAI.  aBXtn. 


KruTff 


fcrncmrat-  In  llip  tmttlr  of  (Wunna,  in  which  li«  cammanikd  the  flm 
divisiuii  of  thv  Britls))  armjr,  tie  lost  hio  \e(i  >rni.  For  Uf  Mfl^AWMt 
(hti  oi'caHioo  be  rvcvivtii  tht  ibunk*  of  bi>ih  honae*  of  parliaiamt. 

On  lli^i  4(1)  of  June  1814,  Sir  DivhI  was  promolei)  to  Uic  tmiIc  of 
All!  geoernl ;  lip  wn»  riso  made  governor,  id  •uccrwon,  of  Kinaolo, 
Fort  GcoTfr,  anil  !nrem«M.  H«  dicil  nn  tlie  Ittth  of  AugusU  1629, 
anil  ITS*  turrvcfhd  In  hie  hnronrlpy  by  ihr-  »on  of  his  dilrr  brotbcr. 

Sir  David  was  a  i)^tvl^  «nil  cxpi-rirnwil  oHii-cr,  bul,  uufurtoaalelj'  for 
bioiMlf,  of  M  Harm  and  iriipotuous  teiiiptr  nliicli  coulil  Ai-arcelj'  brook 
submiMion  to  any  siiperiur>  Thift  involved  hiia  in  tevera]  quarrels,  and 
relnrded  that  promotion  wlilch  wa«  juitlly  due  to  his  diilinguulml  trr^ 
vice*  and  Acknowiodgvd  »kill. 


^ii-  Cljarirs  3irmbanr. 


soMH  «.  IS  17(0. — oiao  A.  o.  1829. 


Tilt*  gallant  and  accomptishcd  otlmr  wm  tb«  fourth  son  of  Admiml 
BriiibRac,  anil  entered  th«  nnry  nhilr  yt-t  a  boy,  undtr  ilie  aucpice*  of 
his  father.  In  ITOO  h«  attained  the  ruiik  of  Ikutenaiil,  and  toon  aftpr 
greatly  dittin^triiilii'd  biuaelf  at  Toulon.  Lord  Hood  adranced  hiiu  to 
the  rank  of  eomioanderi  and  in  1796  h«  rtcrived  post  rank  for  b'u. 
K-rvices  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Atlrf  prrformtDg  a  number  of  pliant  exploit*  while  on  a  cruise  m 
the  friftnli^  Arrthiiu,  Csplnin  Bruhnnc  BiKnaliu-tl  hiumrlf  by  tbv  np- 
lurc  oi  the  ulund  of  Cura^oa,  on  tlic  lat  of  January,  1807.  "  >Iy  Uoc 
of  buttle,"  hr  soyi  in  hi>  di^atcb  on  this  uetunion,  "canMitMl  of  tbc 
Areihusa,  Latonu,  Anson,  and  Fi^nid ;  and  very  mk>u  after  tbe  brvak 
«f  day  I  made  all  poaiibk  sail  wiib  the  ships  in  close  order  of  battlifF 
passing  the  whole  eslvnsive  line  of  sta  batteries,  and  anchored  the  squa- 
dron in  K  alyle  far  surpaasing  my  expectnlion^.  Titt;  harbour  was  de- 
l«id«d  by  regular  fbrliflcations,  of  Ino  tier  of  g\im,  I-'tiri  AmKtrrdani 
aloDO  conmting  of  fjxly-«ii  pirem  of  cannon  :  tlic  nitmncc  only  fifty 
yards  vide,  athwart  nhich  was  ibc  Dutch  IVixuI^  Hulslor,  of  3<i  guna  : 
and  Surinaub  of  SS,  with  two  largu  ichooners  uf  war,  one  coniiuand(.-(l 
by  a  Datch  commander ;  n  chain  of  forts  was  on  Mi»elburg  coiumand- 
Hift  height;  and  ihni  almost  impregiMble  fonrese.  Fort  Republlque. 
within  tlic  distanei!  of  grnpp-»hol,  rnfilnding  ih«:  whole  linrbour."  Ad* 
miral  Dacrn.  wUcn  fnrwnriling  Chaplain  Uri»baiic's  dcipntcb  lo  tlw 
admiralty,  wrutt:  us  I'ullowi :  "  Whilst  I  contem])late  the  iiiimcPM 
strrnglli  of  the  liHrbour  of  Anisterilun,  and  lb«  tuperior  force  conlainvil 
in  it*  <lifti:Tenl  batteries  opposed  to  thu  entrance  of  tlie  frigate*,  I  know 
not  how  KuHiciently  to  adnjire  the  decision  of  Cnptniu  Brt»banv,  in  at- 
tt'mpting  thc!  harbour,  and  tbo  dvterminni  l>nii'rry  anil  conduct  dis- 
played by  himself,  the  other  Ihrcr  captains  and  all  the  ofliccrs  and  m«n 
under  his  command :  and  is  anuthvr  Ktroiig  inataucc  of  tbe  cool  and 
determined  bravtry  of  British  sraioeu."  For  thin  espUitl  the  Louoiir 
of  knighthood  wns  cunftrrcil  upon  Captain  Brisbane,  by  patent  dated 
10th  April,  1S07.  In  1819  he  attained  the  rank  of  reu-odmirnl  of  lti« 
Bed. 

Sic  CliArlca  died  at  St  Vinccut — of  whicb  iaknd  he  was  the  govcrnoi 


Ptatob.]  mR  ciiAni.ES  BnitBAKK.  W9 

— ill  NoT*raber,  lfi20.  Tlic  l<illowin(>  t*  an  pxincl  from  avcU-wriltrii 
mnnoir  of  hioi  wlitch  nppcflrril  in  thp  St  Vinc«nl'>  Guxrtlr: 

"  l''mni  rhii  bti«r  mpinoir  it  appears  ihat  Sir  Cbuin  wan  a  befo  frotit 
his  youlh.  Inilccd,  it  would  be  tlilRcutl  to  tiiitl  m  pvnilel  tA  bit  courage, 
wllSI«  >-M  n  boj,  a*  tiitplaycd  in  Rodury's  victory.  But  Sir  Cbarl<«'« 
«ncceM  in  afttr  life  did  not  d<-pend  allugetlier  npon  bmvpry ;  hi*  pre- 
»ri>ce  of  mini)  and  conduct  in  cowr  of  danger  irrrc  equally  cnnnpicuoii*. 
Among  iiMtancM  of  (his  naiurp.  tho  t)iirlling  of  n  dmi^reus  mutiny  at 
th«  Cape  of  Good  Hope  «na  not  thn  Iimsi  mrriiorious ;  but  ibv  RuniMT 
in  which  he  rxiriraird  himirlf  from  a  very  prrilous  lituaiion,  (he  day 
nftiT  tlir  capture  of  Ount^'oo,  nhows  a  u'lf-iHUBcaaiuii  and  an  adtlrcsa 
eqtud  <o  any  upon  ncurd. — Tli«  Dutch  naval  conunaader  bBving 
fallen  in  the  attack,  and  btiiiit  a  nun  of  larj^  poweMtona  tbcra,  and 
mttiried,  his  Inncral  was  condoctcd  the  following  i)ay  with  ijrcal  pomp. 
To  thia  funeral  CouimodofW  Briabaoc  was  invilod ;  and  Icrling  anxioua 
to  cnncilintc  the  rclutioiu  of  (be  drcvasvd,  and  iu);ratialc  hinini-lf  with 
the  inhubitanis,  he  dctnmined  to  a(t«ad.  The  house  at  which  tlit< 
funnal  was  kept  was  at  a  ron*iderabl«  distance  from  the  fort,  and,  to 
grt  (o  it>  it  was  oeceaMty  la  cros*  a  lagoon ;  but  the  commodore,  not 
witbing  to  evince  any  diitruil  of  the  pmpli'.  took  niih  him  no  uioni 
than  the  n»ual  crew  of  hii  tmrKe,  although  he  «-a>  awarit  that  lie  wok 
acting  impTurlenlly.  On  nrrivjnjc  at  tlic  lioav,  lie  lound  a  multilude 
oolleeled,  and  about  500  slarei  of  the  dt«eaiied>  He,  however,  nent 
iMldly  in,  tearing  hi<  boat's  crew  at  the  door,  and  rneounlered  the 
widow,  who  appeani  to  bav«  been  a  woman  of  DjascuKBO  nind.  Sh« 
was  makiii];  loud  lonieotatioo*  over  Ike  body  of  ber  buiband.  wliicb  vaa 
Inid  oiil  in  state;  hit  davei  were  ftinag  vent  to  th«ir  unrulj-  poauoas, 
and  kit  friend*  eyed  the  commodore  with  no  &ienilly  feeliiif:  while 
eon^ultnlions  in  wliifpera  were  hdd  in  dilfer«ni  parts  of  llie  room,  of 
which  Captain  Brnbane,  by  lli**  g4anc«*  cast  at  bun,  plainly  saw  Iia 
was  the  subject.  Tbo  hour  appoinled  lor  ibe  funeral  bad  aba  arrived, 
iind  passed,  wilbout  any  iotenlion  being  ntanifrstMl  of  removing  the 
body.  Captain  Brisbano  fdt  tlie  imminent  peril  iu  which  be  stood; 
and  knowing  that  his  penanal  M(e4y  and  tbc  retention  of  liia  eamiuest 
ilepeoded  upon  an  instant  decisian,  lie  stepped  to  lb«  dour,  and  desired 
bia  boat's  crew  to  man  tbe  barf;e,  and,  if  lliey  otserved  any  tiling  wronir. 
to  pull  Bway  for  tlie  tort,  aii«l  dinrel  ibe  officvr  in  charge  to  fire  upno 
ibi'  town ;  then,  n-iumin);  to  the  widow,  lie  totd  livr  he  hiul  attended 
her  hiuliand's  funeral  a*  a  oiark  of  respect ;  iMit  llial.  uuIch  tlie  curpsa 
was  iiMtuntly  removed,  Iw  r«uld  rrniasn  no  loof-er,  having  an  BtdnBUS 
duly  to  perform  at  the  Tort  at  a  oertain  hour,  which  was  fast  approacb- 
ing.  This  hnd  the  desired  rtfcci,  and  tbr«w  the  acitalors  off  Ibcir 
gnard ;  the  corpw  was  removed,  and  the  coromodorv  took  llie  flnl  up> 
portuniiy  to  riMcli  hit  barge. 

"  The  capture  of  the  Spanish  frigate  Potnona  (in  1806)  was  untpies- 
limiably  tbe  most  gallaiM  of  Sir  Cbarln  Brlsbaitr's  e»pl<Mt*.  Of  that 
aflUr  the  following  additional  portimtlars  have  been  coaimunieaied  u> 
na  bf  on  eyo-witncaa,  a  gaattemaa  wbo  was  at  the  time  an  officer  in  au 
Anierican  vessel  of  war,  stationed  at  the  Havonnalt.  TIm:  Pomona  hod 
on  board  one  million  of  dollar*.  She  was  anelmred  under  ibe  furt,  la 
•itob  a  position,  and  in  such  aLallov  water,  a«  to  be  deemed  safe  from 
any  tMuk ;  ami,  to  add  to  bar  tecurity,  tbc  entranct  to  the  bay  in 


H  WM  papawUc  to 

H*vty  rvpvcMBtB  IN 

of  Ac  Ant*—  hoMirww  ladu4 

FaitttM,  tionwr,  b*a«nd  ib«  bn*c :  a  liity 
bkvoptbe  «ij«sisr  iatfe  fan:a»d,<hngllM 


trfce  pwtoik  «r  dw  cUtdfy  «r  tWr  UiMlijm*)  nra  to  -frli^hii< 
rnHk  Om  giUamtrj  of  C^tam  BtwUae,  tiMl  tfccy  ripuMiJ  their  •»• 
nr  that  tlw  "  brave  Emfiakatn"  bad  Mt  mt  tbe  ■■■nj 


c«ra  MVTwr  that  th*  "  brave  Eafiifean'^  tod  Mt  got 

"  Sir  Clmla  reeriTed  tm  uoMaiUriBa  m  gpwram  vt  St  Vincm  awi 
)■■  drppudmcMs,  on  the  14tli  of  NuvraibM-,  1S06,  and  ai 
on  the  Itftb.  He  anrired  tbere  on  the  SiM  of  Juur>.  1600,  ia 
tHjeM; '•  *Up  GloiT,  aad  «a*  nram  ia  m  ilw  SSd.  Oa  ibe  SStb 
two  booM*  of  lyliftiw  *•!•  ^Ks  hit  rufniliinj  brkijr 
dwia.  iofcradag  tbeai  of  bb  ■ppoiataMoM,  asd  MpHMJiig  a  bopa  i^t 
he  woatd  be  o^idlj  tupporlfd  bjr  tbna  JB  all  aiinwi  rdMi^  |b  tW 
wdhrr  of  lbs  eokmy.  On  tfar  lAtb  of  Ffbruvj  the  Itgbhtaia  ayaia 
met,  wbrs  hu  nerlfeaey't  lalsry  «»  fiicd  at  £4000  corrMic^.  It 
«ai  ■Affwanb  JaweiMiJ  to  £MOD.  Sir  Cbarb*  wrat  la  Europe  «■ 
Wv*  of  abtrnen  in  July,  1(410;  and  rctomt-d  in  Aag;DM<  1813;  h* 
Bgafa  «mt  in  Julj-,  1816.  sod  rrturard  in  Dcecnbcr,  1817  ;  uid  from 
that  time  to  the  day  of  Iii*  dratb  ntided  coaiioually  ia  the  colooj. 

"  ll  ra^trr*  a  niiirh  ablrr  pro  than  oure  to  do  aay  tbiag  like  jaaliec 
to  ibc  wite  admin  ill  rniioii  of  i^ir  Cbarlr*  Brisbane  dorioc  kia  unprvc*. 
tirat«d  and  Aihrrly  uny  over  tliia  colony.  Hi*  laaflib  be«F*«v,  and 
hl«  taliiaUe  mvloea.  are  to  deeply  rngra*m  on  rrery  cIm*  of  Mtcirty, 
— we  may  aay  od  ibe  heart  of  irvcry  ibdividBol  in  tba  eoauauniiy  rapa* 
ble  of  rMimail(i)t  tbcei, — ibat  the  ta«k  betotut*  conBparaiively  >«*y. 
I'nder  him  St  VincrnI  hu  bren  bleaicd  with  plenty  aad  dooMvtie 
tjoirt.  The  flm  waa  ibe  Rift  of  the  Rukr  of  the  uaivcrae;  lh«  laM  vm 
the  effect  of  hi*  prudent  laeoaurea:  aad  did  Sir  Charlea'a  ctaim  to  tba 

Sratitade  of  ihl*  community  reM  upon  no  other  fbaadaiion,  the  bet  of 
ia  baring  for  t«mly-anR  yran  iwvMrvcd  hi*  govanmeai  fran  iaWMl 
ditoofd,  and  reconcilnj  coaHicling  wbhc*  and  eoaSletlag  iatcmto^ 
maid  well  entitle  bim  lu  ii.  Itgt  be  ha<  other  cfanaa  aqoally  aa  po- 
leal  1  lie  haa  Mood  at  a  lainpart  afmait  the  attadii  of  our  innfato 
fora  In  the  metber-eouatfy  i  win,  fodinj;  all  etforu  to  lura  Uin  laMe 
IVmn  the  patha  of  homiar  and  troth  iaefleoiual,  hare  awailrd  biia  with 
arurriliiy  i  raffiaf  at  tbtt  wbieb  thry  cannot  mtUt.     By  hi 


4 


Paaioa  J  S>ll  CHASLES  SBIIBANa.  991 

St  Vincent*  ha*  brcn  pul  in  a  po'iiion  to  t»Ve  ft  proud  ulanil,  tud  lo 
r<>)Ml  thp  njippr^inni  (if  thp  common  cnriny  of  the  Wri>t  Inilics.  In  nil 
olIiiM-  maitcn  coniu-cfctl  with  bis  govcrnmatit.  Sir  Charles  iilso  ili^crrci^ 
ibe  warmest  commcnilationi :  (he  lucorsi  cf  lii*  adiuiiiijitralion  kifit 
pnce  w  Ith  it«  durution :  Bod  tlie  oi)«>  aa  well  w  (be  «th«r,  la  beyond  all 
prw*riciit. 

"  His  excHlriK-y  weW  tiDdenlood  the  true  method  of  goirmiiig  (u 
■drantagc;  hr  hnd  Miidied  nianhind  siKCcwIully,  aod  kncur  euctly 
h'(w  to  comporl  hiniMrlf  to  the  cbaracUr  ttiUi  vbom  ho  camp  in  con- 
tad.  It  UTM  to  ihi<  jiidictou*ae«s  that  Ihom  NOgiiinr  and  uiKxprrtnl 
r«voluliorii  in  ibe  •rntimrnu  of  many  vho  commcncvil  their  poliiirjd 
career  with  a  dclcrmi nation  to  oppoic  him,  but  who  iiiddmty  aidrd 
with  liini,  are  to  be  ascribed.  Tbm;  was  an  indMCriboblti  *omelhing 
in  bu  l>«ariiig  that  diurnicd  oppoiiiioB  i  tbe  roanoen  ot  tbe  ^tvnllrmnn 
were  ao  bleoded  with  tlie  upm,  manly  rreeduiu  of  the  true  British  tea- 
man, that  it  KM  impn«4)ble  to  kave  hi*  proM-iic^  di^Mtiafled.  If  a 
favour  nithin  hii  power  vrrr  naked,  ibc  kindiicM  of  hi*  ■alnftt  insured 
suecns  III  tl)<!  applicant ;  but  if  it  could  not  br  grantrd  coniistrntly,  the 
refusal  vrat  »o  couched  as  to  arnr  more  tlic  appearance  of  an  obligation 
tban  a  denial-  By  harmivniiing  the  machinery  of  hi<  govmimrnt  ii* 
iluliea  were  rendered  eaiy,  and  ciuidunted  witJiout  difficulty :  and  thii 
accounts  for  the  little  cause  for  inlerfrrcnee  that  his  majesty'*  Kovem- 
m«nt  ever  had  itilh  our  intenial  alFuir?)  while  under  his  control.  Dttridfc 
ilio  iDDllirnriouvnt'M  of  Sir  CliaHei*s  duiica,  and  the  various  intereals  of 
suitor*  who  cnnie  (o  hi*  court,  it  canoot  be  eipected  tliat  all  wenl  away 
cnntont :  he  hnd.  however,  the  MUkbotiOM  to  flod  thai  m  alnoat  every 
nae  his  jiidgiupni*  wftc  MBflfiBed  whMi  appealed  againal.  Hit  altrn* 
(:on  to  the  iluitei  of  his  high  station  was  prarrrtKal;  never  was  be  bc- 
faind-ltand  with  an  appoiolinent  i  never  w«*  an  apfilicant  nc(thict«l ; 
nci«r  waa  Justice  withheld.  But  Sir  Cbarlea  apjiearrd  to  (Iw  gretiteit 
advantage  on  public  occastoaa.  There  he  stood  unrivalled.  No  bollow 
MtCDtalion  niaried  hit  preaence,  no  ridiculous  jvridc  damped  ootivivial- 
iiy.  Ill*  craeeful  mien  and  adttreas  were  renurkably  pteoaiiig :  and 
while  hia  aifability  and  condwctiwlon  banislifnl  mtraini,  his  digniflrd 
appearancv  lorbwlc  Improper  fhmtliarlty,  Hia  were  pre-cminmtly  ih« 
singular  profwnlM  of  etHnmnnding  m|ie«l  end  inspiring  attacbnieul  at 
the  ■una  iiM«n«ni.  Yet,  pUiw^,  as  he  certainly  was,  and  a*  he  had 
eaiMe  (0  bo.  with  hia  covefttmeni,  he  oRen  sillied  for  ibc  cboieo  his 
yottthfal  aiind  had  niMk.  Tbe  sea  waa  bis  natural  viemeni,  Neptune 
ibe  M>verelKii  of  hIa  heart.  With  what  Icnaciiy  he  clang  to  bb  early 
prHUIeetiona,  may  bo  learned  froni  thv  following  touching  drcumstance. 
Whaa  bt  ftiumi  hit  cchI  appronching,  Im-  daspM  the  hand  of  a  frind, 
and  exolaintod,  '  Would  that  I  had  ended  my  day*  on  tbe  <)uartei^eok 
of  a  British  man-or-war,  fijjliiing  for  my  c<>uniryl' 

•*  in  stature  Sir  Charles  BrvbaiM-  waa  about  lli«  niiddir  siir,  wlih  a 
IVaaw  strong,  active,  and  light :  in  inoniKr  the  prrfert  courtier,  in  Bp> 
paaronce  elegant.  Prom  tbe  twrly  period  in  which  be  erahnrked  in  faii 
pmftaaloni  lita  edaention  eoaU  not  U-  <xprcli-d  to  be  what  is  rolled  a 
Aarbbod  one;  but  ho  potaeaaed  great  jioarr*  uf  mind,  and  strong  naiu. 
rwl  abililiee.     Hi*  Judgmeal  waa  vMud,  his  iotelleot  Hoellont.' 


F 

r 


^fr  0rtirp  Clinton 


Sib  Hcsit  Clotox  «i»  Hm 

ihc  ilik  Ckm.  6««  «Uek  he 
Mscfc  lau,  I7S».     Fnn  Ortifcrr.  176^  to 

>Mli  nrf  «■  tW  tStfc  9l  MvA  17M,  >i« 
He  RoriTcd  ft  coMfM^  a  tW  Utki 

tVtniBHi  itiiti   of  York,  ia  «feick  nfMEiqr  W  MTVKl  A* 

■TlTMaMl  ITM^iBtWN'ctfothadL     HrnapraMMtt  the 

t^StAMMl,lMltlearF>M*s.ri«ar  Vakwi<Mei.afllMn  oT  IJ4- 

nglbMbbMtfaiorWMipisi^Mnbnf^MdactMarVna.    Ob 

tW  3U  or  Apifl.  I7M^  be  vm  ff"'"^  b^**^  ^ ' 

llM  mk  na  at  the  ution  of  Cuai*fa>  oa  the  lOlh  of  M^  i 

m  vhidi  baa(  ■ooaded.  he  «w  tiiMM  ftva  *e  anrjr  la  the  lOth  rf 

AmB«,«heaheietoediMar  E(r«d«.    M«vCliMMiMstMr««d  w  dtt 

•!«■  «f  Mitgw  by  tiM  cDcnj.    He  reuiMd  (b 


daEa  of  Yoffc,  aad  riiaalaul  aid-de-oJBp  t»  h»  lagril 
promouA  to  the  Ikal  wT  colootlcy  of  Iha  Mtfc  i 
30th,  I79&.  In  the  Colknriiv  mMh  LiMttanH 
u«d«d  to  >MD  thai  rt^MBt  in  il>«  Wcm  ladka.  He  «aa 
thfl  laadiag  ia  8l  Laeia,  aaikr  Sir  Rtlph  Abennuihj,  as4  m  tha 
•ad  nrnMor  oT  Monw  Foriuni-e ;  »Iut  which  h*  jc^ied  Uhe  fiSih  at 
Peitt-ua-Pnan  ia  8t  Deaitn^.  The  aOth  of  October,  1796,  he  ^^a 
•xchaagcd  lo  ibc  let  guanltt  aad  aaiUd  from  St  Doainco  to  jaia  that 
rorpt,  bat  va*  laad*  prnoacr  on  the  pmigg,  and  did  eot  airivc  la 
£i>ltl«Kl  onlil  Jane.  1797.  H«  mttmI  vitJi  thr  guards  ia  Irelaad  m 
I7fl4i  aad  ia  that  ynt  «a>  appmatad  aid-de-canp  to  Lord  ConiwalH^ 
tht  kmf-liaalvaaM  and  ooauMaadcMB-ehicr  in  that  cooatry,  mdtr  ahoai 
lt>  MTtial  the  •hart  eampaip  io  Connaoft'iti  and  vaa  iiiiann  a(  Am 
■wrawkr  of  Ibp  Frradi  bne  onderGmcnl  llumbrrtai  BaWasMMcfc. 
In  April.  1799,  Ltevtcnaat-coloiiel  Clinton,  being  attached  Co  LoH 
\V.  HcMlaeht  emplojed  on  a  niMMMi  to  the  AaOio-Ruriaa  amy  in 
liaif,  wmt  pmtnt  at  (be  lialtle  of  Trcbia,  HCfa  of  Akaaailna  and 
j>maratl«.  and  at  iba  battb:  or  Novi ;  after  ahicb,  being  appoiaud  M 
atlrnd  Mar*bal  Suwarrov,  an  bi»  oMrcb  into  Switwrlandi  he  ma  lav- 
•rflt  at  th*  action  in  Tordag  the  pawige  ot St  Gotliard :  at  theaa  oTtha 
Tiufrli  Btijrli,  Klonibalrr  Src,  and  CUnu.  Hvljr  in  1800^ 
rni[ih>yt(l  wi  a  miaaion  in  ibr  Auitriiin  arm}-  in  Swafaia,  be  vi 
•I  tlir  baiitf*  ol'  EiiKrii  aiul  .MotiLirek,  and  dnrlii);  ibe  retnM 
the  L'ppiT  Danube  Io  Alt  Olliiif;  in  Bavatia.  At  the  rad  of  the 
]«iga  lia  Joined  lii>  (jBtialivu  in  Gngbail.  In  Jun«,  IBOt.  he  «aa  ap- 
pwMnd  aatbtant  iuljuiuni-;;cniiral  ui  the  eatteni  dittrifti  and  la  Jaar, 
1402,  adjutant-|:mcrnl  in  ttip  V^U  Indin.  He  m-rireil  ilii-  brrvat  of 
nilonol,  S«|itMubrr  S&lii,   1803;  and  in  Octobrr  b«  juin<-d  tli« 


I 


1*tBU)».] 


trR  nEXXT  CLIKTOir, 


39.1 


•■drr  IxiMi  Lake,  >t  Agru.  He  vm  «t  ihc  batllo  or  Lw«kr«r,  o* 
which  Acraiion  be  wa*  inlroKtcd  by  hi*  lofiUiip  villi  ibit  commaad  i>f 
■be  right  of  the  ariajr :  h«  oonthiiiM]  to  mtvc  ia  HioiloaUii  until  Om  . 
1801,  bmI  llien  hi;  mi;^«(l  thr  appoitiuncDt  of  adjaUnl^gviMraL  In 
Morek  faUoving  he  lailril  from  liHtia. 

In  Nurrmtipr,  )HO&.  Culom^l  Clinton  mu  rmployrd  on  a  niiMion  la 
lb«  Ruttiau  ana)-  rmplojred  in  Moravia  undrr  Grarral  KtiliuuBT:  ami, 
al  llie  coitclusion  of  the  peace  bptu'i-*ti  Ku»ia  and  t'ranirr,  returnnl  to 
Eligluid.  In  July,  lIitOG,  hv  cinliarkiMl  fur  Sirily,  in  coiiiuiand  of  lh« 
Atllk  bulalliMI  of  tf>e  gnanif.  He  voiniiiiDdvd  tbc  garriaoii  of  Synt- 
onn  fironi  Dewmbor,  1806,  to  November  rulbiriiif;,  and  relurnttl  wjih 
hi*  bUtaltoa  lo  England  In  January,  ld09:  the  23i)i  of  which  mualli 
liv  ITU  appoint^  Brigadier-gcncnJ,  and  ai  uich  commandi'd  a  brigade 
in  the  amtamcnt  tliai  uilcd  undtr  ihc  lal«  Sir  Joba  Moore  to  Swcdcii. 
On  hi*  rrluni  fnun  the  latter  place  be  va«  appMuted  adjutaiil-genvral 
iv  the  iirniy  in  Portuf,-*!  i  hv  va*  preacnt  at  tha  mIUio  of  Vimicra,  and 
with  Sit  John  Moore  durin);  the  cirapai^  in  Spain,  and  r«tn>at  tbrou(;h 
Galiria,  to  tbe  Mubarkaiwa  at  Corunna  in  Jaanar;-.  1809.  On  hi* 
refara  (torn  Spain  he  publivhed  a  poiinplibit,  cnlillMt  '  A  Fi-ir  Romarka 
ttfUMattary  of  ib«  UKMivi^a  which  gsialvd  the  D|icration«  of  lh«  Brituh 
mnjr  dnrio);  the  lat«  *hort  campaign  in  Spain;'  the  object  of  which 
van  lujuklify  lh«  retreat  of  Sir  John  Muorts  aoil  "  to  clear  lii«  rrputa* 
tion  from  that  tbade,  which  by  aome  hai  been  cut  ovrr  iu" 

Tha  S5th  of  JaDuary,  1809,  Colonel  Clinton  wu  appotnled  adjutant- 
gtneraJ  in  Irftaod.aiKl  on  (be  S6ib  of  July,  I81u,  a  major-general.  In 
October,  1811,  h«  waa  removed  frotn  tbe  Staff  of  In-UiM  (o  that  of 
the  army  under  Lord  U'clliiigton  in  fvrtugal,  and  ya*  appoinird  to  ih^ 
command  of  the  »iaih  diviiioa.  In  June,  ItilS,  bo  wim  churgetl  with 
the  *ie|te  of  the  Ibtts  of  Salatoaiiea;  and  lui  wai  prewal  at  tbv  battle 
fcufilit  arnt  tbal  city  OB  tlie  S:Jd  of  July.  When  Lord  Wellinfton 
marched  agaimt  Joseph  Bnonaparle  ul  Mailrid,  Major-geiM'nil  Clinton 
waa  JBltwMiMl  with  the  eonmand  of  ibat  port  of  ibfr  army  U-ft  upoo  tlx* 
Uoarok  |0  obMfTc  thp  encniy  in  ibai  <|uarler.  He  vat  pretent  at  tbi> 
*iag«  of  the  nMie  of  [turno*,  oihI  in  ibe  wveral  ailair*  which  happened 
in  the  n-treat  ttuta  thcnea  lo  iIm)  froBiiers  of  t^}riugaL  MaJur-geiiemJ 
Cliaion  rr<>>i*Ml  the  thanka  of  parliament  for  hi*  coadnct  at  lh«  battht 
of  SalBm«aaai  M  tha  10th  of  July,  1813,  bo  wa«  a^wbieil  an  eitra 
kaiiiht  of  tbe  order  of  the  Bath,  bikI.  on  the  •nlargemeni  of  tbe  order, 
naaiiBUed  a  Itnigbt  Grand  CruM.  In  April.  1813,  he  aa«  appointed 
•  Maotrnaw-getieral  in  Spain  and  Portugal ;  be  wai  preamt  at  Ibc  in- 
rartmrnt  of  Pampeluna  in  July,  and  ac  the  aeiiooa  which  were  lonfthi 
upon  iMating  the  Nivelle  in  NoTembrr,  and  the  Nive  In  Deeember,  ol 
that  ytar.  During  Ibe  winter  he  waa  employed  in  tlie  blockndi  ni 
Bayonne;  waa  preaml  at  Ibo  bailie  of  Orthr«  on  Ibe  37th  uf  February, 
1814  ;  affair  of  Cacere*.  on  the  Sil  oT  March ;  aRuir  at  Tarlx-*,  an  the 
SOtli :  and  at  iba  battle  of  TnalixMO.  on  Ihc  lOlh  of  ApnL  Lietilenant- 
gnierul  Sir  H«nry  ClinUMi  reeeived  tlie  iltanki  of  jMrliammt  for  lib 
Mrficea  in  thaae  aexenl  acliona. 

Sir  Honrjr  ««•  appointed  coUmH-commandant  of  the  DrM  Italialioa 
SOih  foot.  May  SOih,  Itll3:  li*uic«aiH-geiier«l  in  tbe  army,  Juno  4ih, 
1HI4:  the  nauii' v*ar  iotjiecior-grncral  of  inraalry,  and,  uibaequrotly, 
aecond  In  eommaml  in  tha  Belgian  anny.     He  commanded  a  diviiioa 

Vli.  3  I) 


394 


roLiTtcAL  snm. 


fK, 


of  mSaaXry  at  ibe  baHlc  of  Wairrfoo :  nd  Sir  bk  cohAmI  on  tk»t  oe- 
naion  vt*  appointed  knqthl  of  llic  A««trian  order  of  Msria  Tbnwn; 
kodgkt  of  itiL-  third  datt  »f  t\nt  RoBom  order  of  St  Ocargc ;  utd  kn^ht 
of  Ibc  Uiird  dsM  of  the  \V  ilbctm  onlcr  of  the  kinftdow  of  Ike  Scwtr- 
Uuil«.  H«  ilUrwardi  co«niiund«l  a  divtnoo  of  tke  BrttUt  eoBliagrat 
ui  FrmtKc.  Ot>  tbe  9lb  of  Augvst,  lttl»,  be  wai  removed  (hm  iLc 
•istb  iMttaUoB  60fk  toot  lo  tbc  coloncicy  of  his  late  rctinent,  tbe  3d 
(uot;  and  on  the  SOik  of  Majr,  IdlS,  he  ajAia  reeeirtd  b  penoa  the 
■  bantu  of  the  boiue  of  ootoiDOda.'' ' 


©rovgr  Cirrntp. 


aiiaa«.u.  ilSl. — Mts  A. D.  IB90. 


Thw  eniMBt  ttliif""  nas  of  Irwb  dexvat.  His  fioher  wu  * 
t>i«  of  Lincrick,  but  bM«a>e  a  pnte-ogrot  at  Gibraltar,  where  hi*  aaa 
U«org«  wa*  bom  in  1761.  Yoong  Tipmrv  «as  nluratrd  at  Etoo  mad 
CtMO&Mgr.  lie  WM  originally  de*liut^I  roe  ibc  prQrcu;oo  of  tbc  btw  ; 
but  flsding  hinuwir,  after  the  Hicccaairr  death*  of  liircc  rldrc  braUirri, 
in  poeaMeioii  of  a  coinpetent  fortune,  be  d«.-icrmiu«d  lo  drvoti?  himself 
lo  politic*,  and  viith  tbtt  view  stood  for,  aod  (taincd,  an  expcntive  cl'>o- 
lion  for  Colebextrr.     In  1796  he  became  ntcmber  for  Southwark. 

From  tlic  liriii  miMnrnt  of  hit  cntcrin;;  jHuliameBt  be  rao^ed  himself 
with  tbc  whiff  uppotitioa,  and,  a)lhaiif;h  h<.-  did  not  at  fin*  aaMHW  a  vrrj 
fomudablc  pewitioo,  jet  bi>  aaiduity  aud  mural  conragei  aided  bj  prme- 
lioe  in  fpnliing,  *oon  rviwktvd  him  one  of  Pitt's  mo*t  formidable  fta> 
Isgonitfa. 

•'  Dnriitg  tba  debete  on  Friday.  Afay  S5(Ii,  1799,  on  the  bill  for  rai- 
pentUog  Munea'a  prat«eiit>n*,  Mr  Pitt  wo*  to  far  throoa  off  hi*  guard 
—•  nn  OCOUrrcDOe  nilb  bim— <u  to  declare,  *  that  he  considered  Mr 
TIertMjr'a  oppotitioo  to  lh«  mcanirv,  as  praceoling  from  a  wish  lo  im- 
pedc  the  •ervico  of  the  rounlry.'  Mr  iVmey  immediately  called  the 
ebinecllor  of  the  rschfi|iicr  lu  order,  appealed  to  the  houte.  and  in- 
raked  tb«  proleciiiMi  of  the  speaker.  Mr  Ail<LD|:tuii,  who  tbea  oee»- 
picd  tba  chair,  ohncrved — '  Tlial  if  the  house  ahould  emisidcr  (be  worde 
which  had  Imth  uned  oa  roaveying  a  peraonal  reflection  on  the  honour* 
able  gmilrnian,  ll^y  were  in  that  point  of  view  to  be  coosidered  aa 
iiiipariiaiDrninry  and  diiotdcrly.  It  wai  for  the  hou«e  lo  decide  on 
llieir  applieaiion,  and  they  would  wuit  iu  ibo  mean  litne  for  lh«  <s|>la- 
iialion  of  the  ri)jhl  honourably  gentleman.'  Mr  Pill,  ia»l«ad  of  apoU>> 
giiing,  i  in  mediately  Mid, — '  If  be  wete  called  on  lo  explain  nway  *Dy 
thing  which  bo  had  taid,  tbe  liouM  might  wait  lon^  eooiigh  for  *ueh  an 
esplannllon  I  lio  was  of  opinion  that  the  honourable  gentleman  «aa 
opfMoing  a  tMoeoMf/  msoaere  for  the  defence  of  tbe  country,  and  tlwte- 
fora  Im  (bould  neither  explain  nor  retract  any  particle  of  w  lial  he  hod  aald 
on  the  aabjvd.'  Here,  of  coarse,  the  alfair  did  not  end.  Mr  IVntej 
aent  hi*  friend,  Mr  George  Walpole,  with  a  tnesMge  10  Mr  Pitt :  and. 
at  three  o'clock,  nn  the  ne-xt  Sunday  aflcrnoua,  Mr  Pitt,  accompenied 
by  Mr  Ry<lor.  (now  Lord  llarrowby.)  and  Mr  Titmcy,  aooompuiied 


■  C»nili— n'»  |ili(*ii>>*> 


Pbkuio,) 


OKORaK  TIBBMCV. 


by  Mr  Walpute,  nM  on  Puiii«y  Hmih.  Of  wbai  then  twik  pl«c«,  lli« 
KCOnds  publiahf^  ibe  lblli>v>i>:K  "coouni,  in  ihr  ncv»(inpm  of  ibe  n«iil 
day  ;  *  Wc  w  aulhariuA  to  ttaUr,  thai  in  coiiV|U(-n<T  of  wbnl  poMcd 
on  Friday  U^t,  (which  pmilucpd  a  cbnllengc  from  Mr  'I'i<Tn<!y.)  Mr 
Pilt  nccnmponird  by  Mr  Hydrr,  nod  Mr  Ticmey  Bcoa(n|ttnicd  1^  Mr 
Ginrgc  U'bIiioIc,  met  at  llirce  o'clock  ycttrfitay  al'irmoon  on  Futnay 
llcjiib.  Aflrr  loini^  incflcctnal  iilt<rm|iu  on  tbr  port  of  (he  iccouds  I» 
jircrcDi  furllicr  |iruc<«iliti^,  the  parlin  look  ibrir  Biuuiid  al  ibc  di«- 
lancc  of  tvelve  ]iai.i.-f.  A  cue  uf  pisluU  was  Knnl  at  ihi-  Mine  morocnl 
Mtilbout  rlTuct :  »  lecaciil  case  van  uImi  6rvi}  in  ihc  sainc  uunnur,  Mr 
Pitt  firing  li>>  piMul  in  tbe  air;  the  aei^oiid-i  ibcu  juintly  tali-rfercd,  and 
imisltd  (bat  tbc  mutter  tfaould  go  no  furtbn-.  ii  b^ins  tbeir  decided 
opinion  (hat  «vflici«nt  KatitfaeliOD  had  been  givfo.  and  (bat  ibe  buainvw* 
wa>  mded  wi(h  perfect  honour  to  bMh  parlir*." 

Wbeo  Addingum  bocanw  pmuicr  in  1809,  Tierney  acc»pl«il  (be 
IrFasurcrahip  of  thr  navy,  and  irmt  sworn  into  tbc  'piivy-cotincil ;  but 
<ia  lh«  miimptlon  of  office  by  Pitt,  be  Sf^ain  took  hb  *ral  on  tli«  oppo- 
■ilioit-brtichca.  Attct  tlie  death  of  Pox  he  wui  appwntcd  prtsMlrnt  of 
|li4-  Indian  board  of  control. 

Un  the  rcfcmoy  ()Ur«tion  Tirrncy  opposed  Diiiii*lar>;  he  al»o  nppoMni 
VaDHttaK**  plan*  of  finance,  vhilo  hv  »ided  with  the.  t'-tit  Indiii  rom* 
pany  on  moil  queitiona  loucbinft  uur  poucMioni  in  tbc  iCoit.  **  When 
■he  auddcn  return  ot  BnoiiMpartv  tiircntcocd  itftaiii  to  tliruw  llic  nfliiir*  of 
Kurope  into  confmaim.  Mr  Tieraey  fonook  Mr  I'lmHMib}',  (be  rccog- 
iiiacd  leader  of  tlic  wiit|t  party,  and  aided  with  Mr  \Vliitbrrad  on  the 
amcndmeot  morcd  by  that  ftcntlcuan  io  the  addrcts,  in  anra-cr  (o  th« 
pnaoe  ragant'i  oicawgo:  and  oo  (wet  other  occatiooi,  |irarjou*ly  to  live 
mUhI  eoBUKBCMiMnt  of  hotdlitie*.  ho  tvncwcd  fait  effort*  Io  nalntaiu 
pcacr,  arguing  (bu  m  clian^  in  iho  rxccatire  va*  no  {^rouod  for  wur: 
for  tliat  it  waa  ft  quMtion  of  inlernil  arrangeiueiil  wttb  which  France 
alone  waa  eoBceraed ;  thai  *iich  a  nar  wuukl  be  an  avowed  al(ack  of  a 
PMion  agftlnrt  an  tndiiidual ;  (lu(  oppre«*Mt  *•  EpfiUnd  wa*  iibe  could 
not  carry  on  ihr  con(e*l  for  two  yrar* :  aod  (but  il  was  too  nueh  lu 
cxpcc(  Dial  tbc  war  would  be  a  aliorl  on«.  Pcuiliug  tiKW  diwuuion*, 
liv  tuovc^J  tor  a  eomoiit^^  on  (be  civil  liwt,  iulo  (lie  bijiory  of  which  li« 
went  al  cuuBiili'rable  Irngjtb,  nud  cspotcd  tbi*  cooMafit  excew  in  lh« 
espendilurc,  the  ciiranigaiiotof  o«r  diuloBBftlle  miHiom,  and  (bo  laviah 
cwt  of  tbc  Wiudtor  eetftUbbncnt.  The  effrel,  Imwcwr.  of  (hi*  mo- 
(ion,  tbotigh  iu  pari  gnuiled,  wna  ninch  Deuimliied  by  the  amendntent 
^Ibt  chaiioi-lloruf  the  e»>ii'r|flcr,  wliicli  excluded  the  power  of  colliny 
br  penona,  papen,  and  rceunb;  aiwl  m  liampared  did  Af  r  Ttoniey  riii<l 
blnMlf  la  (be  cammiKrn,  llia(  aoon  aflvr  be  bail  lu  apjdy  to  tin'  hiiu*e 
tor  pemiatiDa  to  aeod  Ktr  Mr  Mar»h.  of  the  lortl  clwBilirrbiii'p  olliee, 
whicb,  however.  It  waa  tliOB|;bl  proper  Io  refute.  The  *  coavrntuiti 
«i(h  llir  king  of  (be  Nethrrlunib'  wa*  akngethrr  UiMpprotetl  of  by  Mr 
Tirmey  :  and  be  capeeially  ol^ceied  (o  ilir  rnoniKxie  esprti»e  tiieurrcil 
in  furlilying  Bc^iun  tbr  the  bene  lit  of  llolUud.  'J'lie  'Ilt)d|;et'  eatil*led 
hiiu  III  ^u  inlu  a  detail,  of  more  Ihan  uciiinary  ciimutencMi,  of  the  KjiaiMx 
ol  the  ruuiilry;  be  oeiii|Mred.  for  a  aenr*  of  yr«r*,  iIh-  rvlalivr  anioont 
of  the  ImiWi  wilb  the  auina  rwuni  by  (axr> ;  lir  iintilntrd  it  tiuillar  coin- 
]«ri*OM  between  (he  reUtiou  of  ibe  tiiikin};  fnnil  uitli  ilie  ilehti  and 
lomratcd  thai  the  •yiictn  ol  Mr  Pitt  tbould  have  brro  oicnarued  by 


sw 


LITICAL  ■■■ICS. 


tliOM-  irlio  cUiinFil  la  rollon  up  bin  prinrlplM.  \^'llb  r«rerMiee  to  tW 
u-nr  nevly  I'mbnrkcd  in,  lie  lennu)  it  raah  i  HSMrlcd  that  not  even  tlir 
ntilliDn  or  flcTcn  liuiidred  tlioannd  ■oldien  relivd  on  by  ministcts, 
couM  put  (lonni  s  nation  nicli  as  France;  aixl  prDnonncvd  it  idtr  to 
(inignoitieatv  (lie  cx^ienM  of  a  cootMl  the  roA  of  wliicL  no  uiw  cvuU 
IbtvMii.  Willi  the  di-batea  on  the  oiarriage  of  the  duke  of  CuiubcrlaDd. 
the  grant  ia  ootMequmee  of  wliieh  be  oppom-d,  thi-  Inisineai  of  the  >es- 
rian  cloied.  Poaoe  being.  Id  1816,  lo  all  Bp))earaiic«  permauenily  re- 
stored, a  f^oerat  reductioN  of  llie  ntaUiabnenl*  oonnecied  wiib  a  oiote 
or  warfare  became  the  univennl  tbeme.— Mr  Tiemey  ooacurriiig  with 
tho  oppoftilion  partv,  thni  ihrve  rtdnclioit*  were  not  entrred  on  with 
lufflclenl  vigour  and  dptrrminniioD,  ibe  tiibjn-l  vaa  taker,  up  by  tbew 
OD  ever}'  oecftfion,  and  formtd  ihr  prinripnl  handlo  of  utnoyuice  lo  tbe 
government.  On  the  Tariou*  *iihj('Ci«  of  diKuivion  Mr  Ticnicy  c<xn- 
tHIIcd  the  ground  with  miniiilcni,  indi  bj  incb ;  bihI  IIw  allvmatiwi  oT 
Mirrn^ni,  nrgumpnt,  and  humour,  so  prcoliarly  hi:i  own,  produced  tla 
rtf^ct  rTcii  on  llir  imprrturbnbility  of  Lord  Cakllrrrn^h.  In  the  M4umi 
of  IHI7  Mr  Tifrnvy,  »bo,  after  (he  death  of  Mr  I'onMabjr,  w  «mi> 
vidcTrd  Rc  (he  lender  of  hit  |>arty,  puriiued  th«i  udic  gcatni  covrac^  and 
oppainl  the  aildm*;  o«i  whicb  ociunion  he  depicted  tho  finaitdal  Mate 
of  the  otiatry  in  gtooniy  colour*.  The  quMtion  of  orar  Mlarin  lo  Ute 
■rcretarirj  of  tlitt  admiraliy  n-a«  lakm  up  and  (rcotrd  by  bian  m'nh 
cniutic  pleatantry.  On  the  fcrcral  niiiiiotis  re«pr«ling  pnrliommtarjr 
reftirm.  be  iiipportpd  hii  ejriy  «|iiiiions  in  favour  of  that  mcanre.  He 
joined  Mr  !triini.-(  in  cniiurin^*  ilic  appointtnriil  of  Mr  Hcrrics  to  a 
lucrative  oflicc,  nhib;  holdiD);  hi>  balf<pay  a>  conMitanry<Jii*ckH'Ci  He 
n-pli<'d  to  Mr  Cuuain);,  when  ihnt  gmlintuo'i  minion  to  Lbtion  eaaie 
inio  d'KcuMiion  In  a  didinct  lijrni ;  and  be  introdueeil  a  aeriea  of  ri  m.Au 
lion*,  MprcMiTo  of  hi*  vieir  of  ilie  Mate  of  the  liuauccs,  whtcbi  bowerer, 
had  lo  giv«-  place  to  otlien  moved  by  Mr  C.  Grant,  conveying  the  aeiiM 
oflhe  Ireaiury  on  that  lap*c.  Tbe  alaraiing  Mate  of  tbe  country  in  tbe 
winter  of  Il3l7>16  led  to  a  seriea  of  niea»urea  on  the  jiati  of  govm- 
tncnl,  and  a  Bcoret  committee  wat  movml  for,  wtticb  elicited  a  dnlara- 
(ion  of  Mr  Tieniey't  •eiiiiinents  on  tlie  qntatioo.  The  auMeediiig 
motion*  for  inquiry  into  t)ic  cmploymrtit  of  ipie*  and  informerf.  aflbtdad 
further  oeeasiorna  for  ihr  txprpMion  of  bu  opinion  <if  (be  mode  in  wbieh 
ninialen  bad  met  ibe  difficulties  of  the  limn.  Canmlenlly  with  bU 
previoiM  dcdaraliun,  he  woi  opjXHnl  to  (bn  ■  iitdeiiiatlj  bill,'  abortly 
aJterwatda  tnlrodnced  and  carried.  The  tttilr  of  llie  circulating  mc 
diuoi  WW  brought  before  the  lioi»>e  in  a  iiKXion  of  hi*  own  by  Mr 
Tiemry,  wtii<-fa  motion  was  iiitroiluetiJ  by  a  speech  of  great  reveareb  i 
bat  he  biled  of  attniniiig  llie  ubji-et  propuipd.  Ou  llw  propoaition  Ibr 
additional  allowancea  to  Ibe  royal  duke*  un  tbe  occmiunaf  (beir  respeo- 
live  iDnrringn,  be  argiinl  that  such  giani*  were  tnconsiatent  with  the 
ndmitied  slate  of  the  fiiunrtt."' 

Tienicy  oppoacd  (he  iDeniur<v  innlilulrd  against  Qiirvn  Carotin*,  but 
nnl  with  nil  the  warmth  (bal  had  bom  np««lvd  froRi  him.  Whrn 
Canning  iM-emne  premier  Ibe  niArfefahip  of  Ibe  miltl  wni  Mnltrrrd  upon 
Timiry.  which  oJScv  be  bekl  atiiil  Ibe  Lmkiiic-flp  of  Lord  Uotlerich's 
■dniiauiratioD. 


' 


'  AbwmI  ouiwfr  It  laai. 


PXWD.] 


JOMM,  LORD  nCUUIDALB. 


397 


He  died  •uddciily  uti  Ihv  £3ib  ofjoniury,  1830.  Tb«  writer  of  ihr 
*  Annual  Obiluory,'  in  lii*  notice  of  Ilib  lUIVMiMn,  tbut  acniralely  de- 
Ncribc*  bit  Uy\e  k>A  nunncr  ni  a  parliamcntsry  fpeaker :  "  As  a  api-akef 
Mr  Tifrnpy  was  rx«M.'iliiigIy  originaL  From  tlie  iHOment  be  opi'ntd 
hit  moulh  till  he  lal  down  tlic  atleolion  of  bi«  tintrvrs  i.i-rer  dii;)^-il  for 
one  nraaivitt.  In  a  Myle  wbk'h  never  rate  atwiv  Uip  colloquial,  tbe 
moat  culling  larcaMnii  li-vcl  lu  tlic  nxnl  onlioan'  un<l<'rstaiiiiiu->,  ctcipcd 
from  liim,  )u  if  h«  *er«  liiniielf  uiianarv  of  Ibeir  Icrrible  rtTr<?t.  Hii 
sneer  «u  withering.  Of  ull  the  sptakiTi,  conleaiporarieN  of  Mr  Tier- 
atj,  iio  ona  waa  no  inticli  drraded  aa  li«  aa*.  Hb  irotiy  waa  iotmilablc-. 
Pnan  ill*  aini]tli«ily  of  hia  tan);unse  (he  rvpoNer  never  muwndenlouit 
liiia :  biit  rruni  the  rapidity  of  liii  collcM)uial  tuni»,  and  the  Inalant  roar 
nilh  uhieli  (hey  nvre  lulluvrnl  iu  lite  huuw,  it  wo*  iaipOMlMe  to  iteofii 
all  thut  felJ  from  liim  :  and  the  rijrart?,  thrre^e,  though  ntinoil  alwayn 
rhariuii-riHtie  of  him,  ireiv  Far  frixn  r>t>iii|>1ct^.  But  hit  maitncr  and  i»- 
louiioa  adiinl  greatly  to  the  rtTeot  of  wfcnt  he  ukL  It  «»  lii4>  oon- 
nnaAioR  of  a  »hr«wil,  *ngii<-iam  man  of  lh4!  world,  who  drlivcr^-d  bit 
olMrrvnlioM  on  ihr  suhjr^t  under  diwui'iioft  tiilb  an  npfiorrat  candour, 
vrktch  coDlraMed  *itigularly  with  the  knovitig  lone  and  look  of  the 
tpeaktr.  Ill*  mode  oif  taking  on  argumrni  to  |>ir<^>and  r^conMructing 
it  in  hi*  own  trny,  aitoniihed  hb  hearer*,  who  rec«gni*ed  (he  npparvtit 
litlrlily  of  llie  copy,  and  yrl  felt  at  a  lou  how  he  had  himsetf  failed  to 
peratiw,  during  the  prrcedii^  tpeeeh.  «'ha(  M^incd  now  mi  pnjpably 
abtariL  AI(hougl>,  a*  we  have  obvrrvcd,  his  manni'r  wm  colloqaial, 
(he  carrcclnes*  of  hi*  Unf;uage  va*  muurkalile ;  and  hi*  rapidity  va* 
«•  remarkable  a*  hi*  comrtur*!.  ]i  wn*  u>tne  (ime  afirr  perceiving 
lliat  he  neitr  healcalcd  for  a  wofd,  (boi  it  va*  aeknowieilgi'il  that  nu 
word  bill  the  right  oue  ever  eatiie  at  his  coRUnaiMl  i  he  waa  indeed  '  a 
well  of  Englitli  u»d«Hled.'  Hi*  rtnoBbig  and  his  wit  were  eqatllj 
iinotmlatioa*  and  i-qiulty  pcried.  It  hta  UMii  uid  ilut  hin  knowlH%c 
wot  liaiiled  ;  hut  we  believe  Ih-  dilTered  from  bla  eouteinporarlM  not  an 
inurh  to  knowledge,  0*  ill  on  iiidt4|>o*)lioa  10  pQfada  any  kiiowk<dge  lit 
whiirh  be  was  not  a  perfcci  mailer.  Hu  waa  a  mani  who,  in  the  di»- 
riiuion  vf  the  grMleat  B&ifa  of  (lie  great(a(  nation,  «n  alway*  lutruTil 
to  whh  delialii,  esceiil  by  (boat  wbooe  weakiiMa  or  botluwnra*  b>  am- 
pgw*" 

J3^ol)ii,  S,orD  llrUrslinlr. 

•cwH  X,  B.  I7<l)^— nito  *.  i>.  tGJHL 


John  Frkhmak  MiTroni>,  Damn  HedeMlalr.  wai  bom  in  1348.  Ili« 

family  «M  an  old  Nonhaniboriand  one.     He  waa  cdaralril  M  Winchea- 
Irr  •ebool  and  at  Oxfitrd:  and  bavin):  mii-ml  of  the  Trniptr,  waacallrd 
lo  the  bar.     In  1 78S  he  publnlied  >  A  I'rcaliae  of  Deudingt  in  Suita  uf  < 
Chapcery  ;'  and  be  soon  beeatne  a  h'ailiog  roooM-l  bil'irc  (hat  court. 

la  lilts  be  waa  reivmed  member  of  parliament  (or  lk<(ral»ion,whlrii 
plac«h«  eotitinaed  to  r«]if«aent  la  acveral  parlknMiU.  In  1793  lie 
Waa  made  aoiiollor-geBmli  ami  received  the  butiour  of  knightlKKHl.  In 
the  lulWlag  ytwr  lie  oonducled  tile  celelmilMl  •talc-lrlaU.  In  1790, 
when  Sir  Jolm  Scoit  waa  created   Lord   Elftoii,  Sir  John  Mltford  waa 


rOLITlCAL  »BHIB». 


(XlWil 


nppointed  attorney -generHi :  aiid  on  AdduigtOD  becaniiog  pmuier,  lie 
WM  elected  iprakcr  oFlhe  tiou»e  or  cnmmoni. 

He  occupied  llio  chair,  however,  taiiy  Tor  a  nhort  time.  Oo  ih*  de«i!i 
of  ihe  earl  of  CUrc,  it  <kiu  dotrrniinptl  tliat  he  nhouiil  rcceiTw  tbe  great 
Htal  of  IreUnil.  wilh  an  Kngliih  pcrra|;e;  mid  uu  Ihc  16th  of  bVI/niaryt 
1802,  he  wo*  crcfttcil  bnron  Hcdusdaic  of  KedcvilnU-,  in  Nontiuinbcr- 
land. 

Lord  RedeMJnU  oecupied  the  lri»li  cbancery  bench  until  the  coalition 
luiiiJMry  pUccd  Ucorxc  I'oii«iiiliy  u|>on  it.  He  took  Icava  of  lh«  bar 
an  thii  occtuion,  in  the  l!>i]uwiag  spt-edi : — 

"  I  miixi  now  take  my  leave.  When  1  canie  to  llii*  couDiry,  I 
thoaght  ihnl  I  sluiuld  probably  paM  tlic  remainder  of  my  ilayii  here. 
With  (hnt  view  1  fumiMl  an  entubllihiiKriil,  ond  I  proudly  hoped  lo  have 
lived  iimunic*^  you,  uod  lo  luive  died  aaiontpt  you;  but  that  ha»  not 
bci'ii  purmilted.  To  the  gt^iillciueu  ufihe  Lar  I  have  tin-  ];rcatcst  obli» 
galiuui.  I  caiDc^  aini>ii>pit  them  u  ^tniti^-cr ;  I  huve  ekpericiiccd  from 
them  every  kindiK-ts;  and  I  must  nay,  tliul  1  could  nut  have  left  ■  bar 
with  whom  I  cuuld  huve  lived  in  ImbiU  vl  mure  cordial  inlercourw. 
I'erhap*  1  may  (on  Mime  oeeaaiuus  I  am  awiii^  ihut  1  must)  have  uird 
expresiiwis  whicii  hive  appealed  lianh  at  tiie  UiomcJit;  but  I  truat  tbry 
were  only  such  aa  were  auiUii  to  the  occaaiau.  My  design  nai  not  to 
burt  lli«  fcdiu|{a  of  any :  and  if  I  have  dune  so,  1  uro  truly  sorry  (br  il 
I  wish  to  depak  in  peace  and  good  will  with  nil  To  the  oHioeni  ond 
praetitionera  of  the  c^url,  I  umit  say,  that  tliuugh  with  respect  to  a  very 
few  of  the  iHlter,  1  have  had  uecation  10  untinailverl  nith  some  seier- 
ily,  their  conduct  in  general  ha«  been  iiigiily  vatisfiictory.  As  ta  th« 
olSccm  of  the  court,  they  huve  all,  in  their  several  slaliont,  etideavoured 
to  aitiist  nic  to  (he  utmost  of  their  power;  they  hnv<-  materially  doiHM), 
and  I  owe  them  sincere  thank*.  It  would  hare  been  my  wish  lo  havs 
continued  lu  (It  until  the  geiillenian  who  hus  been  named  lo  lUCCeiixl 
nie  should  have  arrived.  I  believe  it  v/-.u  li'u  wisJi  al>o,  and  I  h»ve 
every  re^ifon  to  think  »o;  and  lirom  him  1  have  cxpi-rieiioed  every  de- 
Sm  kT  folilcnc**  and  ulCcntlon.  I  am  sorrv  ihul  oilier  penuna  sbould 
HU^lttiba^bl  me  unworlhy  to  have  been  intrusted  with  the  seal  during 
itie  mtcrval.  Wlutt  eau  oecosiou  ihio,  (which  I  cHimot  but  consider  a» 
a  personal  insull,)  I  am  unable  lo  gueta;  but  1  huve  been  inlurmeil  that 
a  per«mplory  order  iiu*  come  lo  the  lord  - 1  iru  ten  iint,  not  to  »ul!er  n  mo- 
ment lo  elap»e  in  pn  veiiliii™  the  gitat  seal  from  luiigir  rvmaiutag  in  my 
handt.  I  know  not  whence  tiiii*  jtaloo«y  of  me  iios  arisen,  or  how  my 
continuing  lo  sit  In  the  Court  of  Chancery  (for  I  could  make  no  utlu-r 
use  of  the  seal  but  under  the  warrant  of  his  txcelltney),  cwild  interfere 
nith  any  views  of  his  in^jtaty's  niiiiislei's.  1  am  proudly  cunnciuiui  ol' 
having  ditehurged  ihu  dulieii  of  tiiy  Btatiun  with  bouoty  and  intcgrily 
to  the  utmost  of  my  aUditied.  I'ur  the  ulticu  I  cure  not.  except  so  (at 
Hi  it  aliorded  me  the  opportunity  of  discliarging  eunsciciiliously  an 
important  public  duty,  li  nan  unsought  for  by  me;  I  came  berc  uiueh 
against  my  will;  I  euiiie  from  a  high  tutuation  in  Engianii,  wbere  1  wbji 
living  amongst  my  old  friends,  and  iu  ihv  midm  of  uiy  family.  But  1 
WM  told  Ihat  1  owed  it  to  public  duly  and  to  privau  frieitdship  to  ae- 
erpt  the  oSice,  and  I  yielded;  I  yielded  to  tho  Mil  id  tut  ions  of  wxne  of 
ihuH;  wlin  have  concurred  iu  my  removal.  This,  I  own,  is  what  1  did 
not  expect,  and  wliat  1  "as  liot  ]>rep[kred  lo  bear.     But  1  (t-el  luoet  of 


I'aaiOD.I 


WILLIAM    ItmXIllIOM. 


M9 


n)l  ikai  10  lilde  «Miai(l^nui<>ii  Ka*  been  had  Tor  llio  public  bu«in<«*  and 
lh«  iolvrMt*  of  lli«  tuiturs  of  thin  court.  You  mutt  all  know  th« 
nvAcaiions  of  ibtMe  olio  haie  bv«ii  named  kt  Conmii>«ionon.  The 
inxttrr  n(  tilt  rolU  has  aIr«aJ]r  as  niu«h  busiiiMi  u  bi^  cad  cnnvcoicnily 
iliiriiarfr:  the  lonl'chj«r-jtiatic«  and  Ibe  lord-chirr l>*rnn  huvc  tbctr 
■crcnl  nvocntion*,  wbJch  muM  pNToni  their  adcndnnre  in  the  cuurt 
or  clianorry.  I  un  rxtmoelf  Mtrj  (hal  a  great  ilrnl  ol'  bii«liiM*  wilt 
ia  MnMqiwnca  be  left  imdoae,  whJob  ougbt  to  h«TC  brcn  dupoacd  of 
bdbrt  Ibe  mii^  of  ibe  court;  but  *o  it  ba*  htva  tbuu^hl  Rl.  And 
now  I  have  only  to  t»y,  Ihnt  id  triiiming  to  Ihi^  coaolry  from  wbCDCft 
I  Fame,  I  >ball  l>«  mott  hnppy  if  it  xbould  orrr  be  <n  my  poner  lo  be 
ofsCTricc  to  IrrUod.  In-lnnd  will  nlwaycbavc  a  cluim  upun  nie.  Hud 
I  coiitiriDcd  ia  the  commoiu'  houu'  of  poriiamrnl,  1  might  hai'e  been 
able  tu  do  luuch  m-Titici; :  in  llie  olbrr  hou>«  that  power  ia  much  kat- 
ened;  but  aucb  a*  it  is,  lliit  countrj-  may  erer  coinmaad  It.  To  Ibil 
country  I  hare  the  highnt  arote  of  obligation :  I  do  not  kitow  ihni  in 
a  singk  iiHtnnfV  I  haT«  expMrirncrH  nnj  thing  but  kindnpo.  I  have 
exprnrnnd  It  Rrnin  nil  nnic*  of  pcopk  wit  hoot  riceplion.  Under  thon 
circtinutai>ce*  I  rvtirr  with  a  firm  conviction,  thnt  yon  will  do  me  tba 
juKlicf!  to  uy,  that  I  bare  dticliariinl  my  duly  with  lioaot  and  ci>n*ci- 
rniiau*  zeal,  to  th«  cxtetit  of  my  abilitir* ;  luid  that  on  tbia  bcMl  1  bav* 
nothing  wilb  which  lo  reproach  myMir." 

IJii  htrdihip  coetinunl  a  anpporlcr  of  minialry,  hot  wu  never  a^in 
call«d  lu  his  majnly'o  couneiU.  He  opp<i*ril  tlic  I'nToebial  icIuioU  bill, 
ai  imH  beini;  formed  wilb  luffineot  referctice  to  ibe  ntabltsbed  church; 
but  in  1813  he  defendf^  the  Stipeadi«ry  Curatc'n  bill  ogainat  the  rcver* 
rad  beadi,  and  nwiniainnl  that  "  the  church  poaaeiaod  aullleleni  riehee, 
ibongh  tbcrc  «a*  a  drfrct  in  the  iinrqiial  'lialTibntUin  of  thnn."  Ila 
opjfowd  a  free  trade  in  eora ;  and  viodtoated  the  policy  of  the  Bank 
Itmriclion  ad  of  I7tt7.  He  waa  (he  pnnclpfti  prMuotrr  of  the  In- 
Milvnit  Debtor*  law,  and  vigofomly  anpported  tbe  op|iointnient  of  • 
tier-chancellor. 

He  ilied  «o  tlir  lOtb  of  January,  1830. 


DQillUim  jl^uoltisson. 


Max  A.  a.  ITTUl— Olaa  a.  o.  IMIX 

Thi*  dialingnialied  atalnmAO  wai  the  eldeal  aon  of  Wariara  Huakii« 
ton,  Ri<|.  of  OUey,  near  Wolverhampton.  At  (he  ofc  of  thirteen  be 
aceompnnied  hi>  erand-uoclc,  Dr  Gent,  to  Pari*,  where  be  iprnt  aercral 
ytnr»,  and  for  a  ab»rt  lime  atuilied  ntediciDe ;  bat  having  been  oflrred 
tbe  aitualion  of  private  arcreiary  to  Lord  Gower,  the  Dniish  anihauaa- 
dor,  he  ecfrrly  accepted  an  employment  much  more  cungmiol  lo  hia 
habila  of  mind.  Upon  the  ambawndor'a  retun  hi  I79i>  youuf  Hua> 
kbaon  aecouipatiicil  him;  aid.  in  \79S,  wBaappotnted  ehlef«)erk  in  ibt 
war-oRiee  under  Secretary  Dundaa.  Tlie  ae&t  ynr  he  became  under* 
•eerrlary.  On  ibe  beeoking  up  of  Pilt'a  adminiatntkM  la  1801,  Hu*kia> 
Kin  lesiKiied  the  under-aeceetaiyablp,  aiKl  ratitvd  upon  ■  pcodon  of 
£l:iOCi,  which  Piit  bod  lecnred  lor  hioD,  in  eoaiideniiaa  of  hi*  valnafala 
•ovlew. 


400 


MLITtCAL  illtn- 


[Xtn. 


WbcD  Pitt  rem rafdiopowef.UiwfciwowwMiMoaitodjotBtMcrtUly 
or  Uw  trcunrjr  vitb  Mr  Sturgr*  Bovmc.  Whtn  Cuming  nnd  bi*  Meiid* 
firtt  brgati  Ui  fortn  a  third  politick  P"^  i**  *^  liouic,  io  the  yv»r  IS09, 
Hti>kis*on  su  iilcDtifinl  with  him ;  but  tbc  drputmcot  to  wfafeb  Im 
eliirfly  aiUciial  bian«lf  «**  that  of  liuaiu^F,  in  nbicb  be  alw«ya  mmm- 
■mmIoiI  Ibc  attcntioB  awl  mpect  of  the  bouse.  His  itnrioc*  «•  ■  tu- 
■neier  verc  to  joMljr  apprvciatod  bjr  Lard  Caatlerr^h,  ibot  be  placed 
hb  aaneoo  tkc  coBimUm  of  finance  ^)painled  in  1819,  aj>d  r^tjaywl 
liH  aerrMca  ID  dtawtng  up  tbnr  rrport.  [ii  1U12  Mr  UtukiMos  ab> 
taint^d  tlic  appuintmcBt  af  OfccDt  lor  C«jrk»,  ra  oKw  irortb  £4000  a 
jmr.  wliicb,  buwFver,  b«  rcMgaMl  in  ItfiS,  wben  tfctwwl  inc<ica|Mi(- 
bl«  Kith  bin  other  tiiuaiious,  atuuely,  that  oT  Ireuuicr  oF Ibe  nmxy,  ma4 
prMid^Dl  of  the  Boaitl  of  Trade. 

lo  im,  on  Caaouig**  appoinUneitt  to  b«  tecntMry  of  atate.  Mr 
Hii6kit«i>R  •&»  elected  one  of  lii«  mcmben  for  Liverpool,  la  1BS3  L<- 
oypoacd  Hr  Wbiimore'a  motion  fur  a  revitJon  of  the  com-Iaar*;  ud 
in  lb6  BUna  acaaion  urged  tlie  refical  of  the  navtgaiion  laws.  Id  1824 
h%  MppMlcd  SeQeant  Ontlow  a  attempt  lo  repeal  the  a^urj  lam^  aad 
opfiocMl  the  ai Ik-nan ubclurei'a  peiitJon  agaiati  Ibe  admiuioB  of  Ionics 
•ilki.  la  1825  be  itarmly  tupponrd  Pet-I'i  r^MricitOD  ImIJ  i  a»d  aoas 
after  suemptcd  a  revbion  of  the  c«rD-la«a,  the  fpirit  of  whiek  was 
defeated  by  tbe  duke  of  Wcllinglon'*  amendtneot. 

On  tite  death  of  Canning,  Mr  lIuaktHoa  beicaaie  a  laeniber  of  iW 
Godericb  admiottlraiioii,  a*  colonial  and  war  Mcretarj ;  and  on  th« 
aocauion  of  the  Wellington  admin iKtial ion  be  rrtaliwd  liis  aeat  in  tba 
oabinel.  In  a  debate-,  honev^-r,  on  Ibc  profioMd  dirfraach intuit  ol 
EaM  RtrUbrd,  HusLision  divided  agaiiut  bia  eoUeaguc*.  and  oflVm)  lo 
place  hia  office,  if  re<|utrcd,  Iti  tbe  prmnicr'a  baad^  Tli«  dake  «aa 
weak  cDough  lo  uw  thi*  opportaaily  of  diipenaiiii;  wirli  the  *er«iM«  «f 
Ilia  able  aod  efficient  eolleof^,  and  id  mi  doing  greatly  injuml  hb  o«ia 
finliiical  pMliion.  After  Icariag  office.  Mr  UuekiaMKi  deliwretj  bi« 
aentitocuts  in  tbe  boute  on  variout  iaiporlaot  potBls,  ditefly  of  com- 
mercial policy  i  he  abo  Kipjiorted  Lord  FnhaflmaB'a  motioa  en  tba 
affiiir*  of  Portugal. 

On  Ibc  13lh  of  September,  1830,  Mr  Huikiaton  vbiteil  bW  cooati- 
lueiild  at  Liverpool,  pmloat  to  tbe  ceremony  of  opening  the  LiTOrpool 
and  .Manclinin'  railway.  On  lliia  occasion  he  addre«aed  an  iinm«Me 
auciubly  in  iliu  exchange  room,  in  lite  iolloniug  temu: — "  Ai  I  per- 
M'ive,  niiuiiig  tlioae  who  have  hutiuuretl  nie  niih  thin  very  flallrhiij'  re- 
ception, many  wlio  arw  my  tmmediAle  co<i>lituenl>,  and  ai  I  lru>t  that 
you  uill  allow  me  to  contMler  myself  oa  (be  rrprcteniativc  of  all  tl»a 
collective  iotereeta  of  tbia  great  comoiunity,  wiilioutdiminclion  betwera 
tbow  who  bonour  mc  wiili  their  Hijrport  atid  tlioM  who  arv  oppoaed  to 
me,  or  bclireen  thuae  uho  have  *olea  and  thuM-  aha  bavo  not  ia  iba 
ctedton  of  ilic  member*  wbo  are  retnriwd  by  ibi*  town  to  pariiamaBt. 
my  firrt  anaiely  In  meeting  you  to-day  «a«  to  cxprrai  my  rtgret  that  I 
*«•  nut  able  to  be  prt«uot,  wlien  it  nai  »o  much  niy  wikh  to  havn  baaa 
bare,  at  the  late  cleelivo.  GeiitlcnMn,  I  aai  about  to  olfer  you  »oni^ 
apology  for  my  involuDttry  ahaence:  btit  if  I  had  any  ihir.g  uiiiaUf 
and  appropriate  lo  offer  oB  ll>eocea**on,  1  taiilyuinn  that  jour  kindnrta 
baa  driven  It  out  of  my  boa«L  Bat  (he  very  nerption,  which  baa  mi- 
periMsled  any  eiplanation  which  I  might  bave  withcd  to  offer,  boa 


Fiuob.) 


WILLtAU  lltiSKIftSOM. 


Mnynglj  inpretMil  opoD  oi;  keaft  tlicMo  feelings  of  (p^liiuili-  wliii'h  arr 
■o  pra-effiin«till7  da*  for  jr^nr  indulg«DCv  o«  the  la(«  o<vaaioD ;  slmmt 
tbc  flrst,  I  bdWic,  in  iDod^rn  linm,  in  which  ■  oKnober  for  Liverpool 
hi*  been  rmlorrd  to  ihr  conBdoncr  of  hb  conslitiirnl*  «iih«ol  maliins 
bi«  ajifirnraiK^'  among  tlitin  jU  the  hu*ting*.  UrntlMiirn,  lhi«  hyal 
town  U  nliout  to  rM«ive  llie  vitit  of  a  tllitin^aishcd  iniliviiliul  of  thr 
highiiil  italion  anil  inllu*u«<!  in  lh«  affair*  or  thi>  great  routilry.  1 
njojee  ihst  li«  is  comiiiR  amoaf;  rou.  I  mo  sure  that  what  h«  h«« 
•IkmI;  aMR  in  thb  county,  and  «h>t  h«  itill  see  here,  kill  not  bil  to 
ntk*t  great  JrapretHJon  on  hi*  inrnd.  After  this  ritit  be  vilt  be  bciter 
eMUed  to  t*liinalc  the  value  And  importaont  of  Liverpool  in  Ibe  gea- 
i<r*l  Rcole  nf  (he  grrat  inirre«t4  of  this  rooniry.  He  will  lee  what  ean 
he  efl'«-lril  by  paiicnt  nnil  penH-Tering  in(lu!,try,  by  eDterfirite  and  good 
>en>e,  unaiiUnl  hy  monopoly  or  riHuiivc  privilege,  uid  In  ifiilc  of  iSetr 
cxiitcnee  citewlicre.  Umtleinen,  he  will,  I  hope,  Gad  Ihnt  if  you  are 
ii«il  friendly  to  uwWOpoty  >■■  other  place*,  It  »  not  beeause  you  require 
or  want  it  for  yovmlra.  If*  will  se4>  tb«t  you  know  how  to  thrive 
•■d  ptO«p«r  wttboDt  it;  that  all  yon  eipcct  from  gorennMil  i»  eneour- 
agenctM,  protMtkm,  Ivcility.  and  frrrdom  in  your  *evcral  purtuiu  and 
«roc«tioii>,  cither  of  nianu&clurini;  iniliiitry  or  rommerce.  Gedlle* 
men,  I  hitvr  heard  with  juit  uiii^ction,  nnd  fnxn  many  concurrent 
quarter!,  that  evory  thing  connected  with  ihcK  interecta  h  in  a  note 
hrallhy  and  promliing  atatc  than  it  wa*  la«t  re«r.  I  rejoice  at  the 
ritangc  hr  the  belter:  I  hope  ami  belirvr  it  will  be  permanenl.  Rat 
do  oot  let  ni  be  aupine,  and  tbink  that  the  energie*  under  which  dlfD- 
rullic*  are  diminiahing  may  rdtcfe  u*  from  the  nccmity  of  nnremittiug 
exertion.  In  brctgn  couDlriei  you  have  powerfol  rivals  to  eneotiater; 
and  you  can  only  hope  to  cootfnue  your  superiority  oi'er  tKera  by  In- 
ptiMRtly  labouring  to  lighten  the  pmnBre  upon  the  iiKlwilry  of  our 
own  people^  ami  by  promoting  evffy  mcMore  which  it  calculaictl  m 
girt  incftaMd  Tigoar,  Frnh  life,  and  grBater  raeilKy,  to  iKc  poweei  w  h'rh 
etcMa,  ud  to  the  h«uib  «liieh  dittribnie.  the  a)mo«t  boundlcM  prodnc- 
lioai  of  ihit  country.  1  truM,  gonttcoien,  tliat  by  a  steady  adbcrrnce 
to  tbrs«  view*  an<l  peincipir*,  I  shall  most  faithfully  reprMCOt  your 
wMiM  and  feeling*  in  parltntncnt.  So  long  a*  ««  are  in  ontoon  upon 
ihcM  point*.  I  aliall  be  moit  happy  ami  proud  to  c«ntinii«  to  be  your 
reprni^iaiive  uixler  the  i«notio«  of  your  confidence,  and  M  long  as 
brolih  nn<l  strength  shall  btt  <KMehaaM  to  me  to  fitlfil  the  dttlk*  of  the 
ttatioR  which  I  now  hold  as  one  of  yoor  membvra  in  tfca  ho«M  of  ton- 
mom.  1  am  penuodeil,  gentleiaen,  tbtl  by  this  coarM  I  shall  best  con- 
sult your  pnMperHy;  and  I  am  still  Dore  hnmovably  convinced,  thai 
whatever  adrancea  the  grnrra)  inlertM  of  thta  grrat  mart  of  commerce, 
will  but  odvinre  all  the  oilier  gra«t  inlrrcstM  of  the  coaatfy  :  and  first 
nnd  foremiwl.  that  interest  which  it  the  oUr»i  and  the  greatest  of  all,— 
the  landed  Interest:  upon  which  as  the  example  of  the  couMry  so  irell 
deinoBStratM,  industry  and  ca«nmefcc  have  already  ronferrtd  so  many 
benedta." 

On  tlw  15th  of  September  th«  certtnony  of  opening  ibe  railway  took 
pUce,  and  that  MWsdtitt  occtirmi,  which  teraiinated  the  lifo  of  lliis  la- 
mented •tatrsoum.  a  lew  bouni  afterward*. 

Mr  lluskiaaon'a  body  was  iniem-d,  at  iIm  reqaaat  of  hia  lale  eonatl- 
lu««it>i  within  the  new  cemetery  in  Lirerpool,  where  a  haudaomr  motiu- 

rii.  lit 


402  POLITICAL  SERIES.  [Hi 

mcot  hai  been  erected  to  bu  mt'inon'.  The  foUowlog  able  etaamaiy  of 
Mr  HuikuaoD**  character  appeared  a  few  days  after  his  death  in  tbe 
columns  of  '  The  Spectator.'  Id  his  early  career  Mr  Huskinoii  w»a  a 
warm  and  zealous  reformer;  and  to  the  end  of  hia  life  be  retained  the 
moat  enlarged  and  liberal  views  of  aocial  government.  Of  cloqnenee, 
in  the  ordioary  hdsc  of  tbe  term,  Mr  Huskiasiw  had  but  Uttle.  He 
could  neither  gripe  and  hold  bst  the  heart,  like  the  faoDonrable  and 
learned  member  for  Yorkshire,  by  the  irresistible  energy  of  hia  appeala; 
nor  could  he  please  the  ear  and  tbe  fancy  with  tbe  nicely  modulated 
language  and  effervescing  wit  of  his  lamenled  friend  and  predeceaMM", 
tbe  right  bonourable  member  for  LiverpooL  Yet  not  even  tbe  former, 
in  bis  most  solemn  adjuration,  nor  the  latter,  in  his  happiest  flight,  ever 
commanded  the  attention  of  his  bearers  more  completely  than  Mr  Hu*- 
kisson.  He  was  never  unprepared,  whatever  might  be  the  subject  of 
discussion  ;  and  it  was  not  in  set  harangues  only  that  he  excelled, — he 
was  a  clever  and  able  debater.  When  he  first  entered  on  his  subject, 
his  manner  was  cold,  almost  heavy  ;  his  intonation  equable,  almost  mo- 
notonous ;  be  bad  no  peculiar  grace  of  action.  Tbe  secret  of  hia  ora- 
tory lay  in  the  facility  with  which  he  could  bring  a  number  of  facts  to 
bear  upon  bis  argument,  and  in  the  soundness  and  comprehensiveDcss 
of  his  views.  He  was  not  an  opponent  with  whom  it  was  difficalt  to 
grapple,  for  he  disdained  all  slippery  arts  of  avoiding  an  antagonist; 
but  he  was  one  whom  the  stoutest  champion  found  it  impossible  to 
throw.  To  the  matter-of-fact  arguer,  Mr  Huskisson  could  preseot  an 
accnmulatioa  of  details  sufficient  to  stagger  the  most  practical ;  while 
to  him  who  looked  to  rules  rather  than  cases,  he  could  offer  general 
principles,  conceived  in  so  enlarged  a  spirit,  that  even  in  his  dry  and 
unadorned  enunciation  of  them  they  rose  to  sublimity.  Nothing  could 
be  finer  than  tbe  splendid  perorations  of  his  more  elaborate  speeches. 
It  was  by  tbe  combination  of  an  attention  so  accurate  that  the  moat 
minute  objection  did  not  escape  its  \  igilaoce,  and  a  judgment  so  com- 
prehensive that  the  greatest  could  not  elude  its  grasp,  coupled  with 
babits  of  unremitting  industry  and  perfect  integrity  of  purpose,  that 
Mr  Huskisson,  on  every  question  of  complication  and  importaoce, 
reigned  almost  undisputed  in  the  house  of  caramons.  Irresistible  as  it 
generally  proved,  no  one,  however,  dreaded  his  power.  He  convinced 
or  he  silenced,  but  he  never  irritated.  His  peculiar  calmness  of  tem- 
per  kept  him  from  indulging  in  sarcasm.  He  seldom  uttered  an  ill- 
natured  word,  because  he  was  seldom  influenced  by  an  ill-natured  feel- 
ing. From  the  uniform  report  of  friends,  nothing  could  be  more  ami- 
able than  the  current  of  bis  domestic  life.  He  belonged  not  to  that 
class  of  pseudo-patriots  who  would  persuade  mankind  that  the  public 
are  unallied  to  the  private  virtues.  The  same  simplicity,  and  kindness, 
and  integrity,  which  formed  the  chann  of  the  member  of  the  legislature, 
shed  their  hallowed  influences  around  the  fireside  circle  of  the  private 
citizen.  Such  was  William  Huskisson  on  Wednesday  morning ;  and  on. 
Wednesday  night  all  that  remained  of  the  ornameut  of  the  senate,  the 
delight  of  his  acquaintance,  the  idol  of  his  family,  was  a  mass  of  nioulij- 
ering  clay,  to  which  '  the  worm  was  a  lister,  and  the  slow-worm  a 
brother  end  a  kinsman  I' 


I'lXM.) 


403 


MaM  M.  ■>.  ITGO— oiiD  Jt.  PL  1832. 

"  Six  William  Gbakt  wb«  one  of  thoae  luen,"  olwervM  (lie  author 
of  '  Poblic  Charuten,'  "  wbo,  coming'  Troin  ftlmoM  Ihv  luuesl  i;rad«  of 
privoip  life,  uul  kmng  not  only  li»  youtli,  but  k  Isrgi-  fMinioii  of  liii 
nuxhooil,  in  otncurity  anil  a  vciy  hiimbU  (laiion,  emerged,  al  lea);tli, 
b)'  thr  rigour  of  hn  nirn  mind  ;  and,  in  a  very  nhoit  period,  pMwd  all 
Ibwii  in  th«  M»r  of  boiMKir  and  efuoluniMil  who  had  prrTioiuly  (if  they 
bad  known)  (li3)iuc<l  bis  premniptiioa*  cxpcctniinn*."  He  wa*  d«- 
MeDded  from  tbe  Grant)  uf  Bi?l<l(irDi«  in  Scotland.  Hii  bthcr  waa 
collector  of  the  cutlomt  in  i>>l-  I>I«  of  Mao ;  but  be  wu  hiia*t\t  born 
at  F.lchics,  in  tlir  county  of  Moray,  ibr  ratatc  of  hi*  uihI«> 

Having  cntrml  at  oov  of  llic  luii*  of  court,  \u!  vat  Nrly  Mlled  to 
tbe  bar,  and,  at  tbe  age  of  twcnty-fivc,  vtai  u|>])oininl  attornt^-gcneral 
of  Canada.  In  tliii  utuatioo  li«  acquiltvii  bimiclf  with  gmt  ability, 
but  net  Andiu);  Hutficiwl  icope  for  hia  lalenta,  or  liit  ambition,  ha  r»- 
tarned  to  £ii;>laud  in  1767,  and  look  hi*  ataod  In  ibe  oommon  law 
court*.  Here  be  forluDately  attracted  tbe  att«DtioD  of  Lord  Tburlow, 
and.  at  bit  uggectiou,  left  tbo  cooimofi  law  bar  for  (be  court  of  chan- 
cery. 

In  1790  be  wu  returned  lor  SbaftMboi;,  aad  aooa  dUlinguiahcd 
hinueir  In  lh«  bou»e  a»  an  aUe  cnniljutor  of  PilL  la  1793  be  ir«« 
appointed  a  WeWb  judge,  and,  in  I7I>4.  Mlidtar-goncral  to  tbc  iiuran. 
In  1799  be  niocMded  Lord  lU-dcidale  a*  ■oliciior-gcn4Tal,  and  waa 
knigblvd.  In  1901  L«  wm  moBiiutMl  matter  of  tb«  rvlU,  th«  function* 
of  wbldi  offii-e  bo  eoulinued  le  dlldiarge  fur  a  poriod  of  lixtccn  years 
vilb  great  credit  to  hiiiuelf  and  advantage  to  tbe  public. 

In  rebmarji  1806,  li«  aupportml  the  oddfMa  to  (he  craint  on  tbo 
Spanlih  war:  and  in  April,  when  Mr  Whitbrcad  mailc  kta  ealolmted 
Biatloo  a^nat  Lord  MelriUe,  be  a^iMd  "  that  an  iDquify  aboold  be 
gon*  Inla  villi  a  vicwof  awertaiiiing  vbctber  the  actof  parUament  bad 
bCHi  violated  »iib  a  corrupt  intention."  Soon  after,  the  naitcr  of  tbo 
roll*  (Urided  with  tbe  minority,  ami  waa  one  of  tbe  eamniit(cr  cboacn 
10  iare*tigata  tbe  tcoib  report  of  Uio  nanl  coaotniMioncrs :  on  whirfa 
oeoailoo  M  liadlctted  bia  own  peUtloal  oonduct.  and  atatcd  bit  iatcr- 
TMMletl  b  Ttepeet  to  tbe  petitioB  of  Ibe  alirrilF*  of  London,  a*  a  proof 
of  bia  iBdipeadne*.  On  the  Iltbof  June,  when  Mr  Whiibnnd  muvi-d 
an  imp6uhiB*Bt,  be  otvectad  lo  that  neanire,  on  tbe  ground  "  thai  no 
new  eaae  of  aggravBtioa  had  been  ibmIb  oat  agaiatt  Lord  Mdville." 
In  1906,  be  apnoaed  tbe  American  fallereesne  bill ;  for  wbieh  he  rv- 
e<-ived  thr  tlianki  of  a  oomioitUe  of  maielnMla  of  the  city  of  London  i 
and.  in  1607,  he  an inmd verted,  U  conaldefaMe  lenfith.  on  (be  bill 
brongbt  to  by  S<r  Samuel  Itomilly,  relative  to  (he  liability  of  IumImI 
•etatM  at  lo  debta. 

Sir  William  retifoil  from  public  life  in  1817,  and  died  on  (be  2&lb 
of  May.  itfttS.  Mr  Cbarlct  Butler,  in  hit  '  Remiui9oenc<«,*  »p(«ki  of 
Sir  William  in  ibc  folkfwing  lemu:  "  The  moat  gierfi-ct  modi-l  o(  jwdi- 
eU  «loi|ovnc«  which  lisj  come  nnder  (heotMervaikMi  of  the  reniuKcntt 


4(M 


rOLITICAl  SCRIES. 


IKlCTtf 


j«  ibat  of  Sir  WiHlain  Granl.     In  bdariug  liim,  it  wns  impoA^ible'  not 
10  lliink  of  ihr  cliaractcr  given  of  Mm«laut  by  Homer,  or  rmllirr 
Pope, — thai 

■  Ha  ipokB  ns  moK  Dun  juii  the  tblog  h»  ewifbt' 

But  Sir  WiDiam  did  moch  more: — in  drcom pounding  am)  aiial^si: 
an  iiiinien>«  moM  of  confuRrd  nod  contradictarjr  mniter,  and  fortning; 
elror  and  unquutionftbU)  mults*  tbr  sighl  ot  Uh  taunt  «aa  tnlinit^. 
Hb  cupmitioii  of  facts,  and  of  Ibe  conicquctioo  dniucililc  from  iIimdi 
lii«  ditciuHiuii  »f  Ibrnicr  itcciiion*,  and  Khowiu^  their  lrf|iuiiittt«  weigbc 
and  authority,  uiid  their  real  bcariiws  ujwn  ih«  point  in  ()ue>t!on.  wera 
above  proiie ;  but  tlie  whole  was  done  with  ancJi  adoaiiuUtt  rase  and 
•iiupltcit3->  that  while  real  Judges  felt  its  uipreme  excdlcnoe.  the  brrd 
of  learners  bdieved  that  tbry  ahoold  have  dune  tlie  lomr.  Nctrr  vac 
Ibe  merit  of  Dr  Johnaoo's  definition  ot  a  perft?ct  style, — '  pn>|>er  word* 
in  proper  place*,' — more  sensibly  fell  ifaau  it  waa  1^  iboae  vbo  IJUrnrd 
to  Sir  William  Grnnt.  The  oharm  of  it  waa  radMcribaUo:  ita  cftet 
on  the  hcarrr*  wa*  that  which  Milton  deicribo*,  vIh^h  hr  paint*  AdtM 
listening  to  the  angri  after  the  angel  b.-id  ccamxI  to  rpr»i  ;  oFlco  tmi 
often  ban  the  reminiscent  behtid  the  bar  Iblming,  at  tbe  cloaa  of  a 
jud^-nienl  given  by  Sir  Wttliaai,  with  the  Moie  feeling  of  admiiatUMi  tt 
what  tbey  had  beaid,  and  tlic  mme  regret  lliat  it  was  beard  no  move.' 


0iK  S^mtsi  iHatbintosf). 


■OBN  A.D.  );>.&.— mni !..».  IfiMt. 


This  distinguisfaed  statesman  aixl  aceonpliahed  aeliolar  waa  the  aoa 
of  John  Ntacliinlofh  of  KelUchie,  In  Moraysliire.  He  was  bttra  at 
Alldourie,  on  the  S4th  of  October,  1761i,  and  educated  at  Furl  hi—. 
and  at  King's  coIU-gc,  Abenteen.  After  baving  gr««tly  distinguioliad 
biiDBelf  at  tbe  latter  seminary,  he  removed  lo  l^dinburgh,  «li«re  ba 
■ludied  medicine,  and  received  ibo  degree  of  M.  1).  in  1787. 

He  had  nlwayi  niauifeitcd  a  prcdiltction  lor  polilieal  qwoalMiODt 
and  in  1789  be  publUbed  a  pamphlet  on  the  regency  <[uc*tioB>  bt  Vblck 
be  eapoused  the  view*  of  Fox.  Having  previoualy  entered  bimaair  • 
stadoM  of  MM  of  tbe  I  nn*  of  ooart,  h«  apcnt  some  time  abroad,  oo  Uw 
MBliBeDl;  and  o«  bit  return  in  1791,  aftoniilied  the  world  by  bin 
MbfaMed  '  Vindiciae  Gallicte,'  or  reply  to  Ilurke*  work  nn  tlie  French 
revolulion. 

The  effect  produced  by  tlie  nork  ou  tbe  pobtie,  b  tbiM  deacribed  by 
Mr  Campbell :  "  Those  wlio  remember,''  be  soys,  "  tbe  imprtasioa  ibat 
was  made  by  Burke's  writings  on  the  then  liting  geoeralioa.  will  re- 
collect, that  ia  tlie  better  educated  cLiuo  of  society,  there  «m  a  fao- 
eral  peoneness  to  go  with  Uurfcc ;  and  it  i*  my  lineere  ofiinion  tliat 
that  peoiieocM  would  have  Ivcome  univcr*al,  if  tuch  a  mind  as  Mack- 
intufirs  hjd  not  prcsenird  Iticlf,  like  a  bre-ak-woler  to  liie  general 
spring-tide  of  BurkiHD-  I  may  be  reminded  llial  there  was  sucli  a  oan 
a*  Tbofoas  Poiao;  and  Ibat  be  strongly  oiuwefed.  at  the  bor  of  popular 
opinion,  all  Ibe  argumenU  of  Rorkc.  I  deny  not  Ibit  (set. — and  I 
should  be  aocry  if  I  eouM  be  blind,  cvso  with  lean  for  Mackititoah  iia 


I-MMB.] 


•in  JAMIS  UACKIXTOIH. 


MS 


■ly  ey««t  Ui  Uie  wrrioM  that  ban  beni  rendered  to  th«  cniMe  of  irulli, 
by  tbe  ■brrwdnoM  and  tbc  coHrage  of  Thomu  Psinv.  But  witbout 
dbfinrsgcmcnl  lo  Vaint,  ia  ■  groat  and  cMeuliaJ  *i>w,  it  must  be  od- 
■nittod,  ibat  Ihooi^b  radically  k>uim)  in  iii>iim>,  Ii«  wa*  deficient  in  tb« 
atratagctica  of  pfailoaophj  ;  wliibi  .MBckiotwii  met  Uuric.  pcrttetiy  bia 
equal  in  tbe  lactks  of  moral  (cirttcn.  niid  in  beauty  of  atj-lc  aiul  iUn*> 
tratioo.  Heocc  Mockinrodi  went,  a*  tbe  apoalle  of  lilteraliun,  among 
a  daa*.  pcrbapi  too  inHixintial  in  wcirty,  to  whom  tbe  manner  of  Patiio 
wa*  rcpulaive,  I'ttinc  had  aomrlbing  of  a  coonc  bnireil  toward*  Burkc'a 
priadpbv.  but  be  bad  k  cbiralrii-  (;■'■><■>*-  f'e  couM  fml  liim,  murv* 
orcr,  at  hi*  own  WNponti:  be  wu  li>f[ician  enouijb  lo  drlccl  tbe  *opbirf 
by  the  nilea  of  logic :  and  be  turned  ngainat  Burke,  not  mily  pofwlar 
OfMoion,  but  eloMcnJ  and  taaleful  fi«ting<." 

The  talent  dicplajed  in  tbi-  *  ViiKliciir  Gnllieir'  prtxruml  Maekin- 
toab  tbe  aequaintance  of  Slieridan,  Urey,  Wbitbread,  Vox,  and  tb« 
duke  of  Bedford ;  and  it  catled  forth  tlio  foltowiiig  mUo^vu  from  Dr 
Parr  in  his  *  Sequel :' — "  In  Mackiotoah  I  aec  the  alcrvneai  of  a  >«• 
publican  wilbout  his  acriotony,  and  the  ardour  of  a  nifonaer  nitbout 
bia  UBpelnONty.  Hi*  toKte  In  iBoraK  like  lliKt  of  Mr  Uarke,  ia  equally 
pur*  ud  delirair  wilh  fata  IA*ta  In  Uleratur*.  Hi*  mind  U  *o  oompre- 
Iwniire,  that  genenililiea  epM«  to  bo  barrcD :  and  to  vigoroiu,  that 
detail  it*cir  boMDir*  inlertolinfi.  lie  iolroducM  ercry  queation  nith 
pcn(pi«uily,  •tatdi  it  with  prr«Hion,  ami  parmn  it  wiili  cttsy  unoJtbctcd 
method.  Sometime*,  pcrhapa,  be  may  nmuie  bi>  ivadcr*  witb  ex«ur- 
non*  into  pamdox  ;  )>ut  h«  nerrr  brwildcri  them  by  flights  loto  ro- 
mance. Hi*  philosophy  i*  tar  more  jott,  and  &r  more  amiolile,  than 
iba  pbUowphy  of  P&ine.  bimI  hb  eloquence  i*  only  dm  equal  to  the 
rtoqimec  of  Dorke.  He  i*  argument  olive  wilbout  sophistry,  frrvtd 
wilbout  fury,  profound  wilboat  obscurity,  and  aiiblime  witboui  estn> 
vagaiive." 

Ferhapa  one  of  tbe  fittest  paasagM  Ln  ihia  celebrated  ViiHliewion.  ia 
the  tbUowlns  cbaneter  of  Louis  XIV. :  "  The  iDtrusloa  of  aoy  popular 
volm  was  not  likdy  to  be  loUntnl  bl  tbc  reign  of  Lonb  XIV.,  ■  rcigu 
which  has  beeu  so  often  cwlebtttod  U  ibe  unllh  of  wullkc  and  litrrvry 

3)UaMlo«ir>  but  wbleb  baa  alwsya  appeored  lo  me  to  lie  tbe  con*iimma< 
Ml  of  wbalevsr  is  afllietin|^uMl  degrading  in  tbe  htftory  or  tlie  bumaii 
nm.  Talent  seemed  in  thai  reign  to  be  robbed  of  tbe  conadous  dera- 
tion, of  the  erect  and  manly  port,  which  a  its  noUsat  aasociate  and  Ila 
surest  Indication.  Tbe  raUd  |Kirity  of  Fendon,  tJw  lofty  apdrit  of  0«»- 
suet,  tbe  ma*ciilii)«  mii»d  of  BoUeau.  tlie  suUlme  ftrronr  of  t'anwtllc, 
were  confvuttcled  by  the  contagion  of  IgBointniou*  and  iixliscrinunaio 
■ervitude.  It  s(«med  aa  if  tbe  repnaeulatiiT  majesty  uf  iJic  geniua  and 
Intellrd  of  man  were  proitnKd  beliire  the  sbrioe  of  a  mucuinaijr  umI 
dltsolale  tyrant,  who  pnicti*<4  tbe  corruption  of  courts  wTlhoot  ihdr 
mildttesB,  aiKt  Ineiirred  tbe  |^ilt  of  wars  witlmut  their  glory.  His 
higbcst  praise  Is  lu  haT4-  mpportrd  the  Magtvpart  of  royally  with  elbet. 
And  It  is  aurdy  diflicuh  to  misedTc  any  cbaiaeter  mmwv  odioo*  awl 
deeploable  than  tliat  of  a  pany  lilicrtlne,  who,  under  llw  frown  of  a 
atntapet  or  a  moak,  banca  the  maixlate  tliai  i*  to  marder  vinuou*  citi- 
■ena,  to  (leaohte  happy  Uid  ocMdU  hmnlrU,  lo  wring  agonlung  tewa 
from  widows  and  oqrfmM.  rlerotm  Iim  a  aplendour  that  almnst  nloaaa 
br  tl*  ctccMcs;  but  what  *hall  we  ifaink  of  htm,  who.  from  tbe  luau. 


406 


POUtlCAI.  SKHIES. 


[lbn« 


rious  «■)()  (Insturdly  ivcurity  in  which  Itp  wallow*  at  Wmnilltw, 
uilli  calm  aiid  cruel  apaliiy,  hi*  ordcn  lo  bulcbcr  tbii  pra(«staB(B  «f 
LangiM'i]oe>  or  tu  lay  in  iwIkti  the  villn^r^  of  the  Palatinalo?      On  A* 
rccolloctioD  of  such  *CPno  ai  u  schubr,  1  bluHb  fur  the  pnwtiloiiMi  <t-^^ 
l«ttrr« :  nni)  a4  n  man,  I  bluili  for  the  psticiice  of  liunuaitjr."  ^| 

Id  1795  Mr  Mnrkbtnih  wait  c«Iled  li>  the  bar  by  the  society  of  tin-  ^^ 
coId'h  inn.  In  1798  h(^,  with  «ome  difficully,  obtaiiitd  pennmioii  lo 
read  b  cuiirtc  of  Irclum  in  Liiicola'i  hall  on  '  The  L«*  of  Nature  aad 
of  Nation*.'  In  thc-M:  li-i-tureo,  says  Mr  Cam{ilM-lt,  "  MaoLiiito»fa,  viik 
the  eyv  of  a  true  philwtophcr,  laid  bare  the  doctrinM  of  Kouxscau  tad 
Vatttrl,  andof  ahoMof  their  followers  who  borrowed  ihetr  L-oucrpttow 
of  the  law  of  nature  from  the  >«rage*  of  iho  li>rr*l,  or  front  lite  abodn 
of  the  brul«  creation.  In  order  lo  nlablidi  n  (Mm  thfory,  tlioic  mco 
auiimed  that  mnn  wn*  alway*  out  of  hi*  nutiiml  itnie  when  be  w^  re- 
moved in  the-  tmnllnt  degrcr  from  barliarUin.  ^lockiutoib  ilbfidled 
this  error.  Sjiraking  of  the  law  of  naturv  h«  *ny>,  '  It  i*  ttie  taw  of 
nattirL', — bccnunr  it*  grnciral  prrorpt*  arc  i-raoiitiully  udiipird  (u  pro* 
mote  the  happincM  of  trton  oi  loi>f[  na  lie  reinuiut  a  being  of  th«  i 
DUturi:  with  wliich  hi:  is  at  pmeut  endowed, — or,  in  Other  words, 
long  ua  he  cuntinuei  to  be  man,  iii  all  the  variety  of  time*,  place*, 
eircuiiuiaiicei,  in  which  he  has  been  known  or  can  be  iinogiocd  tn 
exist ;  because  it  is  discorerable  by  Mtnnd  icanii,  ud  suitable  to  oar 
natural  constitution  ;  betauie  iU  fltneu  sad  wicdoai  are  banded  oo  Uk 
gener&l  nature  of  human  bcingH,  and  not  on  any  of  tbote  temponuy 
and  accidental  siluationf  io  which  they  may  be  placed.  It  b  with  aiiJI 
more  propri^ly.  and  the  [no»t  perfect  acotnusy,  cotUMkred  as  a  law, 
when,  Dcconliug  lo  thote  jam  and  mopiiBcent  vicwv  which  philosophy 
and  religion  open  to  as  of  the  goTtmnient  of  the  world,— it  ii  rrceired 
and  reverenced  as  the  sacred  code,  promulgated  by  the  great  L^iduor 
oftlM  BBivcrte,  for  the  guidance  of  his  creatures  to  happinevs,  j^wnleri 
■od  eitfbmd,  as  ovr  own  experience  may  infonn  a*,  by  the  |>eiial  ame* 
liooi^  ctAiae,  of  fenxme^  of  inbmy,  and  of  taitery ;  and  still  hitlMr 
enforced  by  ibe  reasonable  expectation  of  yet  more  awful  penaltiai  lu 
a  future  and  more  prmianrm  state  uf  csislciiec'  If  MackinlMli  bad 
publi*hcd  nothing  elie  than  his  *  Uisooune  on  rbc  Law  of  Nature  and 
of  Nations,'  he  would  have  left  a  perfect  monument  of  his  inttllvctual 
•Inngth  tad  syainietry.  And  even  suppostViK  that  that  csuy  liad  b«««i 
reoowad,  oaly  impet^ct  and  niulilaied, — if  but  a  score  of  iu  eoiuecM. 
tin  SMtences  could  be  shown, — they  would  bear  a  ti-itltiiony  to  ItU 
gniiua  ai  decided  as  the  bust  of  Tlieseva  burs  to  Grecuu  art  lunldat 
the  Elgiu  marbles." 

In  16U3  MacViotosh  defended  the  editor  of  ■  The  Ainbi^n;  on  liia 
trial  for  libel  against  tliu  French  consul.  His  •pMCb  on  this  occaiioa 
was  pruoounced  by  l>ord  Ellenborough  (o  have  been  "ilie  must  ek^ 
quent  be  bud  ei-cr  heanl  in  Wc*tiuin*lor  l>all."  The  orator  chirlly  dwell 
on  the  high  importance  of  a  frcc-prcM, — a  doctrine  which  bu  ilJtutrated 
with  uDCquolleil  furvc  and  bcnuty.  The  following  ii  a  single  qteeiiacn 
of  hi*  remark*  under  this  head : 

"I  am  conrioccd.  by  circumstances  which  I  rhall  now  abslain  troat 
dlaoiHsing,  that  thi*  is  the  &rtl  of  a  long  scries  uf  coadict*,  bctucen  the 
cnatest  power  in  the  world,  and  the  wdy  tree  prra*  no*  remoining  in 
Earopc.     CicutkmMi,  this  dwUoction  of  the  Eugtish  jircw  b  acw^— tt 


I 


PKMM.I 


MR  JAUBS  UACKIHTO&B. 


407 


M  B  proail  and  melsncbo);  dttu'nction.  R«fbre  Ibe  gieU  oulkquake 
of  Ike  Frenob  nvolulion  liad  tunllonod  up  nil  lh«  (UjIuidh  of  free  dis- 
CMMion  on  tba  ooatinrnt.  wc  mjoycil  llinl  privilrgr.  in<I(M^l,  inorv  fully 
than  Other*,  bat  wc  <lid  uot  c^njojr  it  cxcliuiveiy.  In  grnt  monArcliim, 
the  prpM  hu  Always  bccu  comiikreit  u  too  (urmiilable  an  engine  to  be 
inlriiitcd  to  unlicmaed  indivklualt.  But,  in  otber  cooliiM-ntid  cfiiiiilrics, 
oitlKT  by  tbe  lain  of  llie  slatv,  or  by  loii);  bubils  of  liberalily  iuid  tulnr* 
atKM  in  magbualt^  a  liberty  of  dbcuBtion  bad  1>«vd  enjoyed,  perliap* 
aafltcEeot  tor  mo«t  useful  parpoaee.  It  £xi>l^  iu  del,  wlwre  ii  wan 
(tot  protected  by  laur:  and  ibe  wiw  and  g«iHra<is  cODatvanoc  ofgoveriH' 
incota  na*  daily  R)or«  and  morr  («cun>d  by  (he  growing  ciritiiolion  of 
lh«ir  subjects-  In  Hollnnd,  in  Switwrlnnd,  in  the  imperial  towns  of 
Germany,  titc  proa  vox  eilbcr  Ii-^aI1y  or  praclioiUly  frrc.  Itolland  aod 
SwilKTlund  aT«  no  more ;  aod  >in(Nt  ific  cntnmrncenirDt  of  ihi*  proao 
catinn,  fifty  imperial  town*  bavi-  tiern  i^rawd  froni  tlir  liit  of  indrpetH 
dent  »la(e9  by  out?  datli  of  the  pen.  Three  or  four  still  prmcrve  a  pr^ 
eariinii  and  trembling  eiistcncc.  I  will  not  tay  by  wbat  ounipliancee 
they  iDutl  purchaM  il»  oontinuAnce.  I  will  not  insult  tlie  feeUenea*  of 
tUtea,  «ho««  aDtnrrited  fall  I  do  mmt  bitlerly  deplore.  Tbote  gOT-ern- 
raento  wore  in  many  rc*pecU  ow  of  ittc  moil  inter««tiBg  parts  of  tJie 
aneJcDl  avHrm  of  Europe.  UnrorlunateJy  for  the  repoae  of  atankiud, 
great  states  irr  compclle<l,  by  regard  to  (beir  own  fafety,  lo  couider 
tlie  military  *pirit  and  martial  habiu  of  Ihrir  prople  aa  oiM  of  the  main 
object*  of  their  policy.  Frequent  hwiilities  urrta  almort  Ike  oecMMry 
rondition  of  tliHr  grcatnou :  and,  wilbmit  tiring  graat,  tbcy  canixH  long 
remain  lale.  Smaller  itatc*,  exempted  from  this  a\uA  orcOHlty — a 
bard  eondlUoa  of  greMncM,  a  bitter  tatire  on  human  ualurc— devotnl 
tbtinwIvM  to  tlio  wt*  of  peace,  to  ibe  cultivation  of  liienittire,  and  the 
inipra*«mn(  of  raaaon.  They  b<rcame  placea  of  refuge  for  free  and 
fMriaaa  dMCiUWOO ;  tbey  were  ibe  impartial  speclalora  and  judgea  of 
tbo  varioos  eonlrtta  ofaaibiiion.  which  from  time  (o  linic  dMtvrbed  Ihe 
<|uiat  of  llie  norld.  Tbry  Ibut  l>cranie.  pecollaHy  qualUied  to  ba  ilia 
orKanii  of  tknl  public  opinion,  wbleb  coa*«n«d  Europe  into  b  great 
republic,  with  law*  wbieb  niiliiiaird.  thongb  tbey  could  not  cttinguisli, 
ambition;  and  with  moral  Iribunala,  to  which  cren  tlir  moat  dcapottc 
wverelgn*  were  amenable.  If  war*  of  aggrandizement  were  nnderlalccn, 
tlieir  nulhora  wen  arraigiMd  in  Ibe  ftcc  of  Earopc  If  acti  of  infcrtial 
tyrnnny  were  perpetiatad,  iboy  rcMHndfd  from  a  thoDMitd  preocs 
tliroufhout  all  civiliied  eooBlricw.  Ptine**,  on  kIiom  uill  tlx-re  wer« 
no  legal  cfaeclu,  that  Kwnd  a  nioeel  re»traiat(  which  tbe  moat  powerful 
of  Iben  could  not  iHitve  «>lh  nbMlule  impunfty.  They  ne<nl  bofbn  a 
vast  aadtene^  to  wboae  ap]>laDi#  or  condentnalion  tliey  rould  not  be 
uiierly  indilfiTfOi.  Tbe  very  eonalitulkxi  of  human  nature,  the  un* 
altormUa  law*  of  tbe  mind  of  man,  agaiiul  wbicfa  all  rt'bHIion  i*  fruil. 
leMi  au^MIrd  Ihe  proudeal  lyranta  to  tbia  ouiilrol.  Ko  cIcvbIiou  of 
power,— DO  di-pratily,  bowTVtr  cpOMinmaJe, — no  InnocirDee,  bowever 
■fioiJeaa,  can  reiMtrr  man  nlxilly  lodepandent  of  the  praisi'  or  blamo  of 
hi*  Mkrw-nan.  These  govnmmMita  were.  Id  olbrr  rMprrt*.  om  of  tJie 
noat  bamtMil  aod  iatertatiBg  |iartB  of  our  anefeBl  ■yaleoi.  Tbe  per- 
frrt  crcurily  of  lueb  iBcanaiilprable  and  feeble  aialaay  ibtir  undiilurlied 
inii>i|uilliiy  anitdtl  Ihe  war*  and  eonqueala  ibal  ■nnoondrd  them,  ai> 
tetieJ,  liryonil  any  uOief  |Mrt  of  the  European  fyateni.  the  modtTaliun. 


4m 


POLITICAL  SBKICX. 


iho  juilicr.  the  civilimiKMi,  to  wbkfa  Cbrieliwi  Europe  bad  fcacbetl  in 
mod«ra  lintM.  Tkctr  WL-akn^M  «u  imXrctMl  aa\f  by  tlw  b*Ulittl 
revRrnce  for  ji»tic«,  wliich,  during  a  loii)>  t«rin  of  a"**,  had  gnmn 
up  \a  CttrwU-ixloiD.  Tbi«  wa*  liia  only  rurtiflcalion  whicb  dgftndtd 
Ihcm  ^aiact  Iboae  migbly  moDafdw  (o  vbom  they  o^ivd  to  ««qr  a 
prcr.  And  lill  tbe  French  revolatton,  lhi«  wm  Mifficiciit.  Conatder. 
Ibr  instance,  the  iltuaiiMi  of  ibc  rrpvbJic  of  GcDcra :  Uiiok  of  her  de- 
fencel«M  potiiion,  in  the  very  Jaw*  of  rrDnc«:  but  ihink  abo  of  ker 
undrtturbed  wrurily,  of  ber  prafbtind  quiet,  of  the  brilliant  Mie«Ma  iriA 
wliich  *h«  applied  In  indnsiry  and  iilmuure,  wliik  Lonia  XIV.  «m 
pouring  bii  niyrliula  into  luity  b^fDr^  brr  galnii  cat!  to  mind,  if  agn 
crovdfHt  into  years  bavt  nut  etikc<.-il  tlicia  from  yoar  tBtmary,  tlte  l^ff 
prriml  vhMi  vc  scurctrly  dreamt  iiioie  of  (be  utibjugatian  of  the  ftefclMI 
rqMiUici  of  Europe,  (baa  of  t\m  cooqnest  of  ber  tiii(;b(i«M  rtDplre.  and 
tell  rov  if  you  eaii  im^ine  a  ipeeUck  more  brautiful  to  the  nionl  ry*, 
ot  a  more  MriLing  proof  of  progreM  In  tbe  nobloM  principle*  of  tme 
rivili£a(ion.  Tboe  feeUe  tUlei,  ibew  moniunenU  of  the  JBatice  of 
Europe,  the  asylum  of  peace,  of  indu«lry,  aoit  of  lilcTalorc,  the  orpaa 
of  public  reason,  the  refuge  of  oppreMed  iniiocence  and  penecaiad 
truth,  have  periiheil  with  ihoMr  ancient  priacdplM  ubiob  were  ibeir  aole 
guanLiana  and  protocton.  Tliey  have  been  ttraHowrd  up  by  tbu  ftar> 
nil  oonvubion,  which  ha*  fhnken  the  Bttermoct  eomirr*  of  tb*  cutk. 
They  ar»  de*troy«d  And  gone  for  ever.  One  ocyluRi  of  lrc«  '*'"TfT*'m 
i«  Mill  inviolate.  1'bere  i«  Mill  one  itpoc  in  Euiopo  where  hms  tmm 
fri'cJy  exorciac  h'n  rrnxnn  on  the  most  important  coDcenia  of  aociaiy  i 
nh^irc  he  can  boldly  publish  fai*  judgment  on  the  act*  of  the  prondaat 
nod  nKMt  powerful  lyranfi.  The  preai  of  England  it  (till  frc*.  It  ia 
guardrd  by  the  frcr  i.-or»titulion  of  our  rorefatliera.  It  i*  guarded  hf 
the  hmrli  and  nrmi  nf  Ivn^liihinen  ;  and  I  trvRl  I  may  venta><s  lo  mj, 
that  if  it  be  to  fall,  i(  irill  fnll  only  under  (he  ruin*  of  the  Britiah  miptre. 
It  it  an  atrfiil  conatdoration,  gcndemm.  Every  other  monurnvnt  of 
Europcnn  liberty  bat  pambcxL  That  ancient  fabric,  wbtch  baa  be«it 
gnidaally  reared  by  the  wiidom  and  rirtne  of  our  fntlicn,  atUl  alalia — 
it  Manda,  thanks  be  lo  God  1  aolld  and  entb^— bat  ii  tianda  alooe,  aod 
it  ttnndii  amidnl  ruinti." 

ile  kkrtchc*  the  Iblloitiiig  vivid  (ncfure  of  the  leading  aciort  fa  |ba 
French  revolution  ;  "  Some  of  ibrm,  indeed — the  baacM  of  ibc  race 
the  auphiata,  the  rhcton,  tlic  poct-lnurrntetof  murder— who  were  erval 
only  (hxn  cowardice  and  colcutaling  srliubBca*.  are  perfectly  willi^ 
lo  Iraiufcr  ibeir  venal  pens  to  any  goTcmment  Ihit  dor«  not  diadala 
their  iRfainoua  Mip]>or1-  Tbe*a  men,  republican*  from  (rrrility,  wfan 
pubtiahed  rhetorical  paaegyrio  on  maMoere,  and  who  reduced  plundee 
lo  a  *ytiem  of  ethics,  are  a*  ready  lo  preach  tlavttry  a*  anarchy.  Bat 
the  more  daring— 1  hod  almoU  aaid,  the  more  retpectabie  rullian^— 
eannot  ao  eattly  bend  ibcir  headt  under  the  jrokb  These  Keree  qdrita 
have  not  lo»t  *  the  uncofii^ocmble  will,  the  itudy  of  Ttvenge.  inownal 
bate.*  Tbey  leave  tlir  luxuries  of  servitude  lo  the  mean  and  dastardly 
hypocriirs,  bo  the  Uelials  and  Mammons  of  the  infernal  fsctioo.  Ths 
pursae  their  old  end  of  tyranny  under  ibeir  old  pn>(e>t  of  liber 
The  recollection  of  (heir  unboundt^l  power  rendera  every  irilcrior  i 
■liiion  Irktonie  and  vapid,  simI  ihrir  fonnrr  alrociiic*  foRn,  if  I  nay 
.  a  toil  of  mora)  destiny,  which  irrrswibly  tiaptia  then  to  il 


fCIIUA.] 


SIK  JAMKJt  MACKIHTOSlf. 


409 


[lerpclniliao  of  twvr  t-riniw.  Tlity  liave  no  place  left  for  pcriUrnpp  on 
rartli :  lliuy  Inbaat  uimIit  Ilitr  aioU  awful  priMcriptioii  «f  opinion  that 
rver  vr*t  prouuuOL-Ml  against  human  being*,  'thf.y  hnvi*  cut  doim 
every  bridge  by  wliich  they  could  rrlroni  into  tlin  »oripiy  of  incti. 
Awskcnc^I  fW>m  tlirir  ilre«iD*  of  dctnncraey,  ifac  noiic  subtiilciJ  thai 
dofened  tbrir  r-v*  (o  ibc  voicv  of  hiitnanily ;  thcr  film  falkn  from 
thfiir  eytt  which  hid  from  Ihetn  the  bUelcoi^M  of  ilivir  owii  dc«dR, 
liauutrd  by  tlic  mcmor}*  of  their  incxpiubk  (tuili:  eundeiuned  daily 
to  look  on  t1i«  face*  uf  Ihosv  whom  tlivir  hand  made  widow*  and 
Ofpham.  Ili«j  are  };oadMl  and  icourged  by  lhc*e  real  forie*,  and  hur- 
ried Into  tlie  lumuil  of  new  crime«i  which  will  drown  the  crio  of  re< 
morae:  ori  if  they  be  too  dfpnvvd  (6e  rcmonm.  will  Kilmer  the  cur*r* 
of  msnktnd.  TyraDRJoal  power  b  ihoir  only  rrfogo  from  ihr  jukI  vm< 
grance  of  their  Irlhyw.crealum :  niiinlrr  in  (hrir  only  mean*  of  uiiiip- 
ing  power.  Tbry  hare  no  tasli-i  ou  occnputiuii,  no  punuit,  iHit  poirrr 
and  btood.  If  lh«lr  liainlii  are  lied,  ibey  must  at  lentl  have  llie  luxury 
of  mnrderoat  project*,  lltey  haiv  drank  loo  dcply  of  iiiiniaa  Mood, 
pver  lo  rrlinijuMh  ibrir  c-tnnibal  appetite.  Such  a  fitflion  rsi't*  >•> 
France.  It  ~u  numrrouc,  it  >i  powerful,  and  it  bai  a  principle  of  lidelily 
MnwgoT  than  nny  tliat  rvrr  held  logctlirr  a  *ocirly.  Tliry  tire  hamlcd 
togctlier  by  dopnir  of  forpTcn«ia,  by  the  uoaoimou*  dcl»lalii>n  of 
nuuklnd.  They  ate  now  cobtatned  by  a  wvcre  and  Kicm  guvcmmmi. 
But  tbvy  ktitt  mediute  (he  renewal  of  inurreciioa  tDd  mnnocre,  anil 
they  are  prepared  lo  rvoew  llie  wor*t  and  uiosl  utrocfara*  of  ihdr  crime*, 
ihat  crime  aj^ainai  ]toi(etiiT  and  againvl  human  nature  h*eir:  that  cnine- 
of  whkb  the  latest  gcneratioDa  of  mankind  may  feel  the  fatal  coiue- 
(IttCDCe*— Ibe  crime  of  degrailing  ami  pNHtiliiting  tbe  tacrcd  name  of 
liberty  I  I  muit  own,  thai,  bowcrcr  paradoxienl  it  may  appear,  I 
•hould  alnosl  think  not  w-onc,  but  more  romnly  of  them,  if  it  wrr« 
Othenriw,  I  must  then  think  ihem  dcMitolc  of  thai,  which  I  will  not 
Mil  eonrage,  because  that  is  the  aime  of  n  virtue— bat,  of  that  Kr-roeioua 
energy  which  alone  rMcue*  ruffiaiM  from  contempt.  If  IIm'J  were 
deiliiiile  of  (hat  which  h  the  bcmbm  nf  munterrn,  ihcy  would  bo  th* 
looiat  a*  well  a*  tlie  moit  aboniinablr-  <>f  l>rin|;*.'' 

The  fullowiog  i*  the  peroration  of  lhi>  noble  bunt  of  oratory :  '*  In 
III*  court  where  wo  or*  mow  met.'  Mid  Mr  Mackintoih,  "  Cromirell 
hriet  acnt  a  Mliriat  on  hit  lyrsiiny  to  be  onni-icled  and  punished  as 
a  libeller ;  and  in  (hi*  enon,  ainiuat  in  kigh(  of  the  icaffold  Jdrtwming 
with  (he  blood  of  bi«  ooverpign,  within  boaring  of  (h«  cluh  of  hri  bar* 
oneta  which  drove  out  parlinmeotj  with  contumelyt  two  Heci'Mive  Juries 
nvcued  the  intrepid  Mtiritt  from  hit  Cingi,  aixl  lent  onl,  with  ilrfe^l  and 
difgrace.  the  umrpcr'*  allortwy-gefierul  IVoin  what  Itc  had  (he  inMileorv 
lo  call  hi*  court.  Fren  then,  genlletiH'O,  when  all  law  and  liberty  wrta 
Imniplcd  undrr  (be  feet  of  a  military  banditti, — wben  thoae  great  crime* 
were  pirprtratrd  on  a  high  plan,  and  with  a  high  hand  s(ittin'>t  (bniu> 
who  were  thti  oltjed*  of  public  vi-nemlion,  which  more  ihan  any  thing 
elie  upon  mtrth  overwiieim  th*  mind*  of  men,  break  Ihejr  v^Mrits  and 
ronbnod  ihn  morml  tcntinient*.  oblilcraie  lbs  didinctioo*  hi'tnem  ri|;ht 
and  wrong  b  the  undmtandinf;,  and  Irarh  the  mutlitudi-  lu  fn-1  no 
longer  any  rrverenre  for  that  jutticu  which  ihey  tfau*  ***  tnurnphanily 
dragged  at  Ibc  chariot  wbee4«  of  n  lyranl,^-rvea  then,  wbrn  (he*  un- 
bippjr  country,  Irinmplual  indeed  abroad,  bnl  eiulared  at  home,  ha4 

VII.  3  r 


>l 


410  POLITICAL  SEKIBS.  INan 

no  prospect  but  that  of  a  long  tuccewion  of  tyrants,  wttdiog  throng 
•laughter  to  a  throne, — even  then,  I  tay,  wben  all  seemed  lost,  the 
Dnconquerable  spirit  of  Engibb  libertj'  survived  in  the  beauts  of  Eu^ 
lUb  jurors.  That  Gpirit  is,  I  trust  in  God,  not  extinct  ;  and  if  maf 
modem  tyrant  were,  in  the  drunkeoDeu  of  bis  insolence,  to  bope  to 
awe  an  English  jury,  I  trosl  and  believe  that  ibey  would  tell  biiu,  '  Ov 
ancestors  braved  the  bayonets  of  Cromwell ;  we  bid  defi&at^  to  your*.' 
Conlenipsi  Catilinae  gladin^  non  perlimescam  tuos." 

Soon  Bftcr  this  splendid  forensic  exhibition  Mr  Mackintosh  was  m^ 
pointed  recorder  of  Bombay,  aod  knighted  before  bis  departure  faf 
India.  "  Though  few  men,"  says  Mr  Campbell,  "  have  beeo  nmn 
spoken  of,  yet  very  little  has  been  hitherto  said  of  the  eztraordinafj 
eminence  with  wbicb  he  filled  that  important  office.  The  annals  of  hi* 
recordership  would,  of  themselves,  form  a  great  chapter  io  Judicial  bio- 
graphy. In  some  of  the  trials  at  which  be  presided,  his  zeal  lor  tba 
wronged  appellant,  his  perseverance  in  the  detection  of  guilt,  aod  Ota 
intellectual  strength  with  which  he  tore  to  pieces  the  meshes  of  legal 
chicanery,  unmasked  the  face  of  fraud,  and  took  trembling  innocence 
under  the  sacred  protection  of  the  judge's  ermine,  excite  an  interest 
that  is  absolutely  dramatic,  nay,  that  is  more  Iban  dramatic ;  for  the 
scene  is  all  truth,  and  the  real  triumph  of  reason  and  benevolence.  Ob 
the  bench  at  Bombay  he  immediately  showed  himself  a  great  master- 
perhaps  among  the  greatest  that  ever  lived — in  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant of  human  sciences,  '  Criminal  Jurisprudence.'  That  he  owed  bis 
skill  in  this  science  to  vast  and  laborious  preparation  was  his  constant 
boast ;  and  if  any  boast  can  be  jualified,  it  is  that  of  genius  confessing 
the  debts  it  has  owed  to  labour.  In  bis  first  charge  to  the  grand  JU17 
of  Bombay,  July  I7lh,  180't.  he  speaks  of  the  intense  pains  which  be 
had  taken  to  prepare  himself  for  this  new  field  of  action,  where  every 
object  in  society  on  which  he  had  to  reflect,  was  as  remote  from  our 
own  in  point  of  manDen<,  habit:^,  laws,  and  notions  of  morality,  as  the 
locality  of  India  a  from  our  native  soil.  Already  it  might  be  said,  to 
his  praise,  though  to  our  regret,  that  we  had  at  that  time  a  Judge  in 
the  remotest  part  of  the  empire,  who  was  not  more  remote  in  the  local- 
ity of  his  bench  than  in  the  level  and  grandeur  of  his  mind,  from  th« 
mass  of  his  brother  judges  at  home,  who  clung,  and  who  still  cling, 
both  as  legislators  and  lawyers,  to  their  darling  principle  of  '  ad  ter- 
rorcm.' 

"  In  bis  first  address  to  the  juiy  of  Bonibay,  to  which  we  have  alluded, 
he  said  that  it  bad  been  one  of  his  chief  employments  to  collect  eveiy 
information  about  the  character  and  morality  of  the  people  that  wer« 
to  be  intrusted  to  hie  care,  and  about  the  degree  and  kinds  of  vice  that 
were  prevalent  in  their  community.  He  compared  hiniKif,  in  this  pre- 
lirainary  occupation,  to  a  physician  appointed  in  an  hospital,  who  would 
first  examine  the  books  ot  the  establishment,  in  order  to  make  himsell 
acquainted  with  the  complaints  that  were  most  lre()uenlly  to  call  for 
cure.  To  hia  deep  regret  he  found  that  the  most  begetting  sin  of  the 
native  East  Indians  was  that  of  perjury.  More  apposite  remarks  on 
the  subject  could  scarcely  be  made  than  those  which  I  shall  quote  from 
his  speech  00  this  occasion. — '  The  prevalence  of  perjury,'  be  said,  '  is, 
perhaps,  a  more  certain  sign  of  the  dissolution  of  moral  principle  than 
other  more  daring  and  ferocious  crimes,  more  terrible  to  the  imaginn- 


Pitim.) 


SIR  JAUta  UACKtXrolR. 


411 


tion,  and  of  wMch  llie  miid^dUli.'  ptHiowjnetieM  are  motv  drMnictirc  to 
KOCirlr-  Perjury  iriilicaies  ihe  abMitce  of  all  ibe  coniinpn  reclniiQtt 
urhich  witlihold  mm  from  criinra.  li  Ruppooe*  the  ab«mn:  of  all  tear 
of  buman  justicu,  and  bill*  dt'lUocc  alM>  to  all  homan  bn ;  it  iiuppooea 
alw>  tilhcr  D  coiitrmpt  for  public  opinion,  or,  o'liat  it  woric,  a  ilal«  of 
Nooivljt  wliicit  bai  ccasi-d  lo  I>nind  with  diigntcr  acliom  that  ought  lo 
be  (ubmoii* :  it  U  an  tilLacIc  nn  religion  and  law  iu  tho  verjr  poiat  of 
Uieir  uiiioo/ 

"Tbe  ttarmlb  of  lii»i«a],  hower^ri  aj>aiiist  I  lib  and  every  olh^r  crime, 
wu  nlway*  acMtcnpanled  witb  eoligliteiiod  pliilanlbrop}'.  'Thouirh  it 
be  rratonablf,'  he  tayt,  '  lo  examine  tbe  obaracler  of  ihoao  orrr  nhoiu 
UD  hnvc  Rtiihority,  and  (o  calculate  the  mincliiiTou*  pi>iMrr|nrii<y«  of 
criiDM  b_v  juol  roprMentaiioni'  of  tbrir  nature  and  trmkui-y.  it  is  vccy 
uspl<-».  and  vrry  onrraMmnblr'  lo  indulge  oiirvlvrs  in  cbildiah  aiij^ 
aiid  riiildiih  intrctivc.  Wlitn  ire  nn-  uprnkinf;  of  ibc  uioral  (liteura 
of  gri-al  iialiuR*,  tbi>  reasonable  quetiious  aluaj-i  uv,  hov  lliey  hai'O 
b«n  produced,  and  liow  ibpy  are  to  be  curr<I.' 

"  I^t  n>  KT  bow  be  proceeded  in  nll>-ni)iling  ihe  remedy  of  lliin  per- 
jttriou*  dicpoMlioo  of  thr  Iniiian*.  nod  how  he  awnrdrd  (bir  puni>lin>ent 
lo  llie  crime  of  perjury.  Hi-  had  almid}-  from  hti  jodfjnirfit-seat  de- 
clared to  Hie  jirand  jury  that  he  bud  thr  strongr»t  rppuj-nanet.-  lu  eapiial 
pvailbnicnl ;  aiid  ibat  be  hud  do  high  opinion  of  the  effieacy  ol  tranf> 
porfation,  ritbe*  fur  lefiMmalioii  or  for  examine.  A  oaiiie  nunian  had 
been  fully  eoovieled  of  being  guilty  of  wilful  and  corrupt  perjury,  whila 
giving  eTJdetiee  on  a  trial  of  iwo  individual*  for  murder,  her  le^tionony 
having  been  totally  different  from  thai  «bicb  abe  had  originally  given 
before  the  eoroner.  UurinK  her  exam!  no  I  ion  n  a  uitnen,  .Sir  Jamta 
aUied  ber  whether  »lie  Ihooitbi  there  was  any  harm  in  blae  ■weariuf;. 
She  antwerrd  that  ahe  und^rrtlood  the  Enplith  liail  a  great  liorror  o(  ii, 
but  ibat  there  «a«  tio  ttieh  horror  In  her  eouniry.  The  reaaon  of  ber 
■tknceMlo  the  munler  (in  which  abtvaa  probaUy  ibe  principal  agem) 
•he  «id  Maa,  that  in  her  oonnlry,  Ahmtdabad,  a  lineof  4ve  mpee^  wa« 
■mpoard  apoii  any  oaa  who  qioka  of  ■  mordor.  Ileie,  then,  ve  have 
a  Mrikti^  imtaiic«  of  the  tttmt  of  law*  upon  the  inaBnera  of  a  (icoplr ; 
(be  very  law  hnMiuf;  niiirder  in  tucb  abborrenee,  as  not  lo  allow  Ihe 
inrnlion  of  the  crime,  rcoiSercd  iu  aeeomplMbaieiil  more  ea*y.  Sir 
Jniite*  fefiimerd  tlib  womau  lo  fire  years'  impritoDoienl,  during  wbicb 
period  aba  had  to  Maud  ooeea-jrear  in  the  pillory,  in  front  of  the  coun- 
bouie,  wlib  labela  on  her  tireaM  and  Utek,  eiplaaaiory  of  iIm'  crime  of 
which  ebe  had  been  gotliy,  aud  of  ihv  rrtolufion  of  the  court  lo  adopt 
ihe  iiMMI  riftorova  mrtiM  for  the  eilirpation  of  thi*  Olfrncev 

"One  ol'  hlf  moat  eloqurnl  addrcuet  wa*  made  on  the  trial  of  two 
young  (native)  offinm,  whoa  err  conviek*!  of  havinp  eonapinil  to  way- 
lay and  ia«autl  by  inght  two  Oulebnirn  from  Coehin,  nnilcr  vrry  ag* 
gravninl  ciTcnnataBcra-  litre  wna  no  doub4  nf  ll>c  c<il|>rtla  having 
■l*«>gned  (he  eommUaion  of  miudert  bat  (hnr  dr«ign  had  been  appa- 
rvniJy  foranl  under  ihp  inHumre  of  intoiimtoa ;  and  it  tremt  lialrfo 
lo  antpicioa,  ihai  lli^y  were  both  of  ihem  dnperadM-a,  in  wbote  lem- 
peranCBt  there  was  (Onie  admiilurr  «f  iiuaiitiy.  Wlialevrr  might  be 
the  grouiKb  of  hia  leoily,  Kir  Joinra  waa  determined  that  Ihey  ooght 
tint  lo  lie  put  10  drath :  thoagb  I  Mire  tn»  raonrrted  rlrctimiisner^ 
that  he  look  care  that  aflrr  ihrir  i*unUhmr<it  of  inraiccntkiu,  lliry 


4IS  roLITICAL  BkBIKK 


pB5^ 


•boiild  not  he  let  Ioimc  oa  lucitty  wiiliout  wmiu!  watch  l>«iug  plaee<l 
over  tlKMD,  or  »ome  one  l>eiu|;  inaile  ilitir  lurely.  Tlie  U?npn>ltiic«  of 
liii  uDWillinpuotM  to  aplll  Ibrir  blood,  will  nol  be  leueiwd  in  our  oon< 
•ideiatiuN,  wlion  ite  kern,  ibat  lie  liad  hlnweir  rery  nesHv  Talko  a 
victim  to  thnnc  ruliians.  Eipccliiig  to  be  called  up  to  r*'eeive  aeoteiioe 
of  dfBtb.  they  had  got  knivct.  and  wtn  ntolved  10  Mcrifipc  iheir  aefl- 
trnrcr.  .Miut  fortuiinti'ly  tlirir  dmlgn  wiu  dUcorrml ;  but  tbe  di*- 
luvrry  made  do  ultcnlian  in  Sir  Janiri'i  cundoct  toward*  tlicm.  *  It 
bus  bt-'i-n  uiy  fall-,'  lie  iHid.  *  hi  this  plucu,  to  be  obliged  to  justify  tbe 
kiiity  rullicT  timn  tlie  K-verity  of  the  |)(-iiulliei>  inllieled  bere,  J  tbiak 
it  ia  likely  to  continue  «o;  for  I  bave  uiure  coiifideiicti  in  ib«  certainty 
than  ill  the  severity  of  punUbiBcnt.  1  conceive  it  to  be  ibe  Brat  dutv 
«r  n  erJniinal  judge  to  rsert  and  to  «lraJo  every  Taculiy  of  liii  taia^  to 
discover  in  every  cone  the  smallcit  poMible  quantity  of  puniahmvut  that 
may  be  dTrctunl  fijr  the  cnd>  of  smoiidmciit  and  example ;  1  cooaUer 
every  pao)t  of  the  ctiniinal,  not  neccarory  for  the>c  object*,  a*  m  crime 
hi  tlie  Judge,  I  wn>  employed,'  ho  added,  adilreuiiig  bimtcir  lo  tbe 
culprits,  '  in  ronfidcriiig  the  mildest  judftnM^nt  vliicli  public  duty  wooU 
allow  me  to  pronounce  on  you,  when  I  Icanied  liviu  undoubted  astbor- 
ily  that  your  thoughtu  toward*  mc  were  nut  of  tbe  Mnie  Daiori.-,  I  w^t 
rrediblvi  or  rather  ci'itainly  infomiedt  that  you  bad  admili^  into  jrovr 
minda  the  denpenitc  project  of  deeiroying  your  o«n  Uvea  at  the  bar 
vbere  you  »tand,  and  of  aigMliiinf;  your  suicide  by  the  previuu*  de- 
•Imclion  of  at  leaM  one  of  your  jud);eii.  If  lltnl  murdcmu*  project  bad 
been  executed.  I  should  have  been  tlic  firat  Ilritith  in^glttrate  vho  cvicr 
atnlneii  with  liit  blonit  ihr  bench  on  which  be  tat  to  adminiMer  jualtec 
Sut  I  cffuld  never  have  died  better  than  in  ibc  diicbargc  of  toy  duty. 
When  I  accepted  the  office  of  a  minintcr  of  juklior,  1  tncw  that  1  ou^fci 
to  deiptu!  nnpopulnrily,  and  *lander,  and  even  death  ilM-lf.  Thank 
God,  I  do  drapino  tliein ;  an<l  I  Hilemnly  aawrc  you,  llut  1  feel  more 
ConipaMion  for  the  gloomy  and  deapcratc  atato  of  hijimI  nhicb  coatd 
kartwur  inch  project*,  than  rcaenlinetit  lor  that  part  of  tlii'm  m  hich  waa 
directed  againut  myK-lf.  1  ilmuld  coniider  luywlf  a*  inilelildy  di^ 
moMl,  if  a  thought  of  your  projeda  tgalM  me  were  lo  iuduettcv  my 
jodgmenl,'  After  a  moat  impreifiiva  ocbnonttion  to  relum  to  a  bwtM 
tlote,  be  pronounced  judgmrul  upon  them,  lo  be  impriwiKd  for  twcin 
month*." 

After  aevcn  year*'  residence  in  India,  Sir  James  wa*  obliged  hj  jQ 
beaJtb  lo  return  to  CDglaiid.  In  181:3  be  was  elected  metuW  lor  ibo 
county  of  Nairn,  aud  in  1816  for  Knarcaburoucb.  Hia  fin*  grvat 
■peecb  in  parliament  wu  on  tbe  aubjevt  of  Buonaparte'a  eacapo  rratii 
Elbat  but  ilie  apbere  ia  wbicb  he  cblcfljr  and  aiott  beticftciaUy  diaiin- 

SUied  Uliiiaelf  waa  liie  ameBdmrnl  of  the  criminal  law,  ia  whicb  Im 
loveil  the  foolilepaaftbe  lameated  Itmnilly.  The  folloaing  cxiiaMa 
from  bii  apeochea  on  Ibii  aubjecl  will  illuMrnie  hia  view*  and  (he  abiUly 
with  which  bo  expounded  them :  "  If  a  lorrigner  were  lo  form  lita  «U* 
mole  oS  the  people  of  England  from  a  coimd^-mtion  of  their  penal  coda^ 
be  would  nndonbtedly  conclude  tliat  tbry  were  a  nation  of  borbariatM, 
Thia  expretaiou.  though  atroog,  wo*  unt)ai-ati(inably  true;  for  wfaat 
otbrr  opinion  coold  a  bumaae  lorrigoer  lurm  of  us  ulwn  be  found  iliat 
in  our  criminal  law  there  were  two  hundred  crimioal  utrviter*  agaia 
abicb  tJie  puniahment  ul  death  wa*  duiowoced,  vpun  Iweniy  of 


F(*wa>1 


■in  JAUKS  MACKIMTOSn. 


413 


only  thai  puDbhmetit  was  ever  iiifliclcd, — that  vre  were  oragc  in  our 
thnaU,  tuid  yet  wtrre  feeble  in  our  executioa  of  {luninhniciiU,— that  no 
cbrriiili(.-d  a  >}-U«iu  whloli  ill  tbeoiy  «»  odioaa,  but  wliicfa  waa  impntrnt 
in  prai-ticc  fron  itt  ray  severity.— that  in  oaan  of  bigh  treaaon,  wo 
itivuttul  innocent  cliiklreo  in  all  tbeotNweqvmenof  iheirlkther'a  gnill, 
— tbai  in  r-Bw*  of  corraption  of  blood  wt  were  evan  atfll  more  crud, 
puniilnng  ihc  ol&prio^  when  ve  could  not  reach  ibc  parent, — and  lliat 
on  *on>c  occuiom  we  e*rn  proceeded  to  wreak  rengeance  upon  the 
bodie*  of  Ibr  inoniioalc  ilend  ?  If  the  aaiiM:  prr»on  were  toM  (liat  we 
were  the  uunc  nation  which  had  beca  the  fint  to  ^ire  liill  publicity  to 
every  pert  of  our  judicial  nytlnn, — that  wr  were  the  nainr  nation  which 
had  otabli«li«d  ibe  trial  by  jury,  nhich,  blaiMuiMi!  a*  it  might  be  tn 
tbcory,  wo*  ao  inralualile  in  practicr, — tliat  wc  Mcrv  the  aamc  naiioQ 
wliicli  bad  found  out  tbe  greatest  (county  which  bad  ever  brrn  deviacd 
for  individual  liberty,  ibi?  writ  of  liabraa  corput,  as  wttled  by  the  act 
of  Charlea  II.. — that  *o  were  ■!■«  aano  imIkio  whi<<b  had  discovered 
Ibe  (all  blewing*  of  ■  reprrscniative  (townini«nt,  and  which  had  endcM- 
Toured  to  diffuM  llirm  ihroogbout  every  part  of  our  free  empire,  be 
woald  wonili^r  at  the  MraiiKc  anomalies  of  human  nature  which  could 
noitc  thinit>  tliat  were  in  themselves  Kt  totally  incompatible.  If  the 
Hmc  lbrci|;ner  ncrv,  in  addition  to  tliii,  told  that  the  abiHca  whicli 
■Iruek  *o  lurcibly  uu  hi*  atteation  were  llie  abuses  of  tlic  olden  time, 
ubicb  were  rallier  overlooked  than  loli-raleda  be  mifthl.  perbajis,  relent 
in  his  judgtwenl,  am)  confer  upon  ua  a  mdder  dtnoiniuatiun  ihau  (bat 
of  barbariam;  but  if,  on  the  coulrary,  fae  were  told  that  intlueuce  and 
authority,  leoraingaid  UgeimUy.  bad  combined  (o  reaiat  all  relbnna- 
lion  of  these  abuMi  H  dufctou  innovations, — if  he  vcre  infDnned 
that  itidii iduoli,  who.  from  their  rank  and  lolcnli,  enjoyed  not  on  arli- 
lidal  but  a  real  superiority,  rose  to  vindicate  llie  itor*l  of  ibew  abase*, 
even  the  outracei  on  tlie  dead,  and  to  caiilciMl  for  ibem  oa  bulvarks  of 
the  coa*tilution  and  landmark*  of  legislation,  lie  iroubl  revert  to  his 
first  setiliaienta  regarding  u*,  lliough  he  mtglil,  (lerhaps,  ootideniii  the 
borboritn  of  the  preecnl  iutend  of  iho  barbarism  of  the  p«i*l  geuera- 

tMO. 

"  1  Boat  be  allowed  to  say.  Hut  there  i*  n  pecoliar  *pceic«  of  legis- 
lalivn  iiuailioe,  in  the  applteatioii  of  ibe  puniilimmt  of  deaib  Ui  many 
eriine*.  The  iHinidinMnl  ufdnilh  ■■  iIm-  puniihniunt  indicted  upon  llic 
highest  ertine  kuown  ;  snd  il  b*  iDi|nMiltle  that  it  can  be  jnttty  applied, 
uiiloM  It  be  reserved  for  ceimci  ofihe  higliest  enormily.  If  equal  pun- 
Isbment  be  iaflioied  on  unequal  eritnea. — gro«,  scaiMklonai  tt^rant. 
notorious  iqUMice  matt  be  tho  oomequeuce  j  ami  it  nast  be  a  fault  in 
•very  synltot  of  kgUlation,  if  it  do  not  eooBne  the  bighcsl  in-naUy  to 
Ibe  higliest  erime.  By  acting  upon  the  contrary  ayatem,  ve  proiluca 
a  disproportion  brtwten  the  {nniihinent  and  the  offinic*  dir  which  It  t* 
inflicttd.  Thb  is  the  peruliar  fault  of  Uriiish  le^tlatiuii,  thai  it  doe* 
■Ot  make  a  distlaciioo  Iwtwtcu  a  crime  of  the  flrel  cbM  and  that  of  an 
inferior  degree ;  and  that  a  similar  di*oriminat>oo  Is  irat  niwle  in  the 
poaitboicnt  apprvfiriated  to  eaeli.  To  make  myarlf  better  uoderstood. 
1  *hall  ju>t  rtfir  to  the  eaie  of  imprtsoaoM'nt  br  debt.  1lie  Mtiitb- 
uient  ol  impriKKiBM'iit  i«  called  by  sofue  jorista  a  divisible  punishmetit ; 
that  iii  a  may  be  divided  into  diffen-ni  profmriiona.  Bad  tbu*  applied 
lo  dUfciuit  lUBiti  of  mffltai  tinl  that  i>  iM,  ud  CttoM  tie,  llie  ma 


414  FOLITICAL  SBBIU.  [Nl«n 

witli  rrgard  to  the  puaUbment  of  death.  Death  i-t  the  highest  pnnith- 
nient  «bich  can  dov  be  inflicted  for  any  crime.  The  feeling*  of  tbif 
latter  age  do  not  allow  of  the  barbarous  oggravaliona  of  death  practiMd 
by  our  ancettors,  and  we  hang  alike  the  aheep-itealer  and  the  parri- 
cide. 

"  I  do  not  suppose  that  any  man  will  justify  the  horrible  aggnvatioBi 
and  refinements  of  cruelty  by  which  our  ancestors  increased  the  «e»er- 
ity  of  the  punishment  of  death ;  but  as  long  as  the  present  Bystem  of 
equal  visitation  for  unequal  guilt  continues,  we  are  the  authors  of  Ibe 
most  crying  injustice.  If  our  aneeslors  inflicted  more  than  mere  death, 
by  adding  rlie  cruelty  of  torture,  at  least  they  bad  the  excuse  that  they 
thereby  observed  something  like  a  scale  of  punishments.  Our  ancc*- 
tors,  even  in  the  remotest  times,  endeavoured  to  make  the  puniBfaineBt 
in  some  degree  bear  a  proportion  to  the  crime.  It  is  true  that,  in  time* 
of  barbarous  feeling,  they  put  men  to  death  by  cruel  and  detestaUe 
means;  but  in  so  doing,  they  provided  a  scale  of  crime  and  punish- 
luenl.  Though  we  have,  thank  God,  abolished  that  savage  and  nii- 
christian  practice,  we  have  failed  to  establish  a  descending  scale  :  and 
since  it  is  impotisible  now  to  intttct  more  than  death  for  the  grealeM 
crimes,  our  only  resource  is  to  inflict  less  than  death  for  offences  of 
minor  aggravation.  There  are  various  crimes  placed  at  a  great  dis- 
tance, both  as  lo  enormity  and  depravity,  below  the  crime  of  aturder; 
and  yet  the  punishment  of  death  is  indiscriminately  inflicted  upon  all 
of  them." 

He  afterwards  proceeded  to  observe  on  the  degree  of  terror  wliieh, 
it  is  assumed,  the  punishment  of  death  excites  in  the  minds  of  criroinali, 
and  the  feeling  with  which  the  spectalors  behold  its  infliction.  "  The 
philosophic  criminal,"  said  he,  "may  even  imagine  that  at  least  there 
is  something  dignified  in  dying  well,  and  that  part  of  the  infamy  of  his 
punishment  may  be  compensated  by  the  flrmnesa  of  hia  endtmmce. 
He  may  feel  that  the  infamy  attached  to  it  may  be  absorbed  and  extin- 
guished in  the  blaze  of  a  death  boldly  and  patiently  suffered,  with  a 
magnanimity  and  heroism  wortliy  of  a  better  cause.  It  is  fur  that  rea- 
son, among  others,  that  I  think  llie  punishment  of  death  ill  adapted  lo 
the  crime  of  forgery  ;  and  it  is  to  be  recollected  that  it  is  not  mere  ju*- 
tice,  but  maiiift^st,  signal,  and  conspicuous  justice,  which  is  necessary 
to  satisfy  the  public.  Hence  it  may  be  laid  down  as  a  maxim,  with 
very  few  exceptions,  that  the  acts  to  which  the  punishment  of  death 
should  be  applied,  should  not  only  be  in  the  highest  degree  dangeroos 
to  society,  but  should  be  attended  with  c i re unis lances  of  violence  and 
blooil,  Itaving  a  deep  impression  on  the  mind  of  the  community,  and 
reviving  indignation  at  the  oflender  at  the  recollection  of  his  crime.  It 
is  only  to  such  fearful  offences  that  the  punishment  of  death  should  be 
applied.  I  da  not  mean  to  undervalue  the  guilt  of  forgery  ;  but  I  con- 
tend thai,  aeconling  to  the  general  feeling  of  mankind,  it  is  not  that 
species  of  crime  which,  by  subsequent  reflection  upon  its  cjrcu instance*, 
excites  sentiments  of  indignation,  or  recalls  a  sense  of  tbe  justice  of  the 
punishment." 

Sir  James's  character  as  a  parliamentary  speaker  was  thus  sketched 
by  Mr  Lytlon  Bulwer :  "  He  never  spoke  on  a  subject  without  display- 
ing, not  only  all  that  was  peculiarly  necessary  lu  that  subject,  but  all 
that  a  full  mind,  long  gathering  and  congesting,  has  to  pour  forth  upon 


fnlflB.] 


■IS  JAUBt  UACRIKTOtll. 


415 


any  Hibjeci.  Tlie  bDjcuagc,  without  being  an(irli«ri£,  vcnx  artificial  and 
vroate.  The  action  and  vuice  ncrc  vcbcnu-nl.  but  not  pa«i(>:ialc  ;  tbe 
(one  and  concep^ou  of  the  ar);unicnt  of  too  loDy  and  iibilosopliic  a 
strain  for  lbo»e  (o  whonii  geoeratly  sficakiii);,  it  wu  directed.  Ii  was 
impoisible  not  lo  feel  that  th«  pertoii  addrewiug  you  tta*  a  prafi^VDd 
thiulicr  delivering  a  loboarcd  compotiitoo.  Sir  James  MaciiaUafa'a 
charai.-ti.-r  at  a  ipcnlier,  iben,  «as  of  that  Mirt  acquired  in  a  ibin  bouM. 
where  thoie  who  bavc  atayvtl  Irom  tlicir  dinner  barr  >tnycd  for  (he 
pfirpMe  uf  bearing  what  ii  Miid,  nnd  cao,  thcrcKirc,  di.<liTcr  up  (brir 
alt«nlioa  midistrMitt'diy  to  any  kiHivlcdgt  and  ability,  even  if  some- 
what prolixly  put  brtb,  nhidt  elucUtaics  th«  Hibject  of  AiMMtnoa. 
Wc  doubt  if  all  great  spewbes  of  a  kgUUtive  Iitnd  would  not  require 
such  an  audience,  if  tbey  lu-Ter  tratvlUd  Ix-yoiid  tbe  wulla  wilhio  wbJdi 
tbey  xttn  ipokrn.  Tli«  paMoo,  ibe  action,  the  movement,  of  oratory 
which  animate  and  trantport  a  larga  aSM-mbly,  coo  never  Iom  it*  eOirct 
whun  paisiout  action,  moTcincnt.  are  in  tlie  onlor's  sut^cl. — wben 
Philip  is  at  the  b«ad  of  his  M^iccdoiiian*,  or  Cuiilioe  at  the  gatis  of 
Itoute.  I'he  emotioos  of  frar,  reveu)^.  borrori  are  enotioii*  that  all 
daMes  aod  drscriptJoD*  of  loeo,  howeter  lofty  or  low  their  iulellecl, 
tnaj  feel : — hrrc.  iben,  it  the  orator's  proper  field.  Bal  again ;  thero 
are  lubjecti,  such  ox  ousy,  if  not  mosU  of  ibosa  diseumed  in  our  bourn 
of  caiDDKici*,  tbe  higher  bearings  of  nhich  are  inlelligiblc  only  (o  a 
certain  order  of  aodmiandi&gs.  The  rcuoiiiog  proper  far  ibeac  i*  ixit 
uudrr>tood,  and  catinot  iherelbrc  bo  sympcUhiM-d  nitb.  by  the  maai. 
In  order  nut  (o  lie  imipid  (o  the  few,  it  i«  alniutt  iicci-iMry  lu  be  dull 
10  the  many.  If  our  Itooaea  of  Iqtitlalure  sat  witli  do>ed  doofti  (bey 
uouki  be  (he  niou  iniproprr  aawniUH!*  for  the  dbaissioii  of  Ifgbluive 
quritioRs  (hat  we  eaa  |>OMibly  conci'iTe.  Tbey  woold  lure  completely 
Ibc  lone  of  ilicir  own  cUifue,  No  one  would  dare  or  mith  to  soar  above 
ibe  coMMOn- places  wbieit  flod  a  ready  i-choing  chcrr:  all  would  indulge 
in  that  vaptd  violence  afiaiast  penoiM  wlucb  tbe  spirit  of  parly  i*  raiely 
vantijic  to  applaud.  But  a*  k  U.  tbe  naa  of  superior  Biiad,  standing 
upon  bu  own  strengtb.  knows  ud  feela  th«t  ba  is  not  speskiog  to  tlic 
lolling,  luunging,  fndoleaUy  lIstcBing  tndivUMla  strHobcd  on  ibc  brncbrs 
arouiMl  blin :  be  (eels  and  knows  tbat  be  is  ifieaking  lo.  and  will  obtain 
the  sympatby  of,  all  tbe  great  and  enliglitenetl  spirits  of  Eorope:  and 
ibis  bean  and  booys  liini  up  amidtt  any  coldntas,  impalience,  or  io<U& 
ferenee,  in  liis  imioedbie  auilienn-.  When  wo  pcnssed  tbe  nagnlfleent 
OfWlouB  of  Mr  Burke,  whirb  trsntponnl  us  in  our  cabinet,  and  were 
loid  Ifcat  bb  rising  was  llK-dinner-bi'll  in  the  houic  nf  cvmiiuont, — wbcn 
we  beartl  tb*t  tome  of  .^Ir  Urougbnni's  aliaoat  fiijfsntic  discouraii  were 
dclivttcd  luiiiiUt  eouiilM  and  impatience, — and  wbni,  retuminn;  from 
Oortravrli,  ■  here  ve  bad  beard  of  nothing  but  tbe  geniw  aod  rloi|uenco 
of  Sir  Janin  M4ckinio»lr,  ue  «iieotinlen-d  him  oarsdves  in  (be  bowse 
of  c<iaUDOn*, — on  all  tboso  oeewMUM  we  were  K4uiblo,  not  that  Mr 
Burke's,  Mr  Itrougban's.  Sir  Jaones  Mackiuloib's  rliHiucuoe  was  Ith, 
but  tbni  it  was  nddrwaed  to  another  audieuoo  (ban  tbat  lo  wbtcb  it  was 
apparently  delivered.  InleiNlod  lor  tbe  bouse  of  commons  only,  the 
style  would  have  been  absurdly  buUy  ;  inlMded  far  the  )>iil>l<e.  it  wns 
■ogost  aod  oorreel.  There  are  two  liilT.-ninl  mudee  of  oUdiiimg  a  |iar> 
lianHDtaiy  repHiation:  a  man  mny  rli«  tn  the  country  by  what  Is  said 
of  Ua  in  (ho  bouae  of  commons,  or  bo  may  rue  in  Uie  bouse  of  cow- 


41S  POLITICAL  ant nifl.  rs,-^ 

TRona  by  what  is  thought  and  said  of  kim  in  tlie  coantfy.     Somt  i~ 
baten  have  the  faculty,  by  Taryiug  their  style  and  their  tnbjreti.  ^ 
allematfly  addressing  both  those  withitut  aiid  vitbtn  tb«ir  walh,  v'ti 
t-flect  and  success.     Mr  Fox,  Mr  Pitt,  Mr  Sheridan,  Mr  Canning  *<:•' 
and    Lord   Brougham   is  of  this   Dumber.      Mr   Burke   and    Sir  Jibs 
Maciiintosh  spoke  to  the  reason  and  the  imagination  rxther  tbaa  tu  ai 
passions ;  and  this,  together  vith  some  laalti  of  voice  and  maDDer,  r» 
dered  these  great  orators  (for  great  orators  they  were)   more  powrk! 
in  the  printed  reports  than  in  the  actual  delivery  of  their  speeches.  Vt 
ourselves  heard  Sir  James  Mackintosh's  great,  atmoat  wondcrAil,  t^eea 
upon  reform.     We  shai)  never  forget  the  exteosire  range  of  idos,  ii 
enei^etic  grasp  of  thought,  the  sublime  and  soaring  atrain  of  legi>k>i<) 
philosophy,  with  which  he  charmed  and  transported  a»  ;   bat  tt  ««  M 
so  with  the  house  in  general.     His  Scotch  accent,   bia  unccMVf  td 
laboured  vehemence  of  voice  and  gesture,  the  refined  and  apecafacn 
elevation  of  bis  views,  and  the  vast  heaps  of  hoarded  knowledp  k 
somewhat  prolixly  produced,  displeased  the  taste  and  wearied  tlie  sta- 
tion of  men  who  were  far  more  aniious  to  be  amosed  and  excited  tbi 
instructed  or  convinced.     We  see  him  now  I  bis  bald  and  stngahitf- 
formed  head  working  to  and  fro,  as  if  to  collect,  and  then  ahake  oat  Ini 
ideas ;  his  arm  violently   vibrating,  and  his  body  thrown  fbrwaid  b; 
sudden  quirks  and  starts,  which,  ungraceful  as  they  were,  aeemed  raikr 
premeditated  than  inspired.     This  is  not  the  picture  which  Danoatbeon 
would  have  drawn  of  a  perfect  orator,  and  it  contains  some  defect*  ttai 
we  wonder  more  care  had  not  been  applied  to  remedy." 

Sir  James  died  in  1832.  His  literary  productions  consist  ofnanKf- 
ous  articles,  some  of  them  very  brilliant,  in  the  Monthly  and  the  EcliB- 
burgh  Reviews;  a  Dissertation  on  Ethical  science,  prefixed  to  the  Enrr- 
clopiedia  Britannica;  a  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  More;  and  two  valumn  of 
the  History  of  England,  in  Lardner's  Cyclopsdia;  and  a  paathumosi 
historical  volume  on  the  English  Revolution  of  1688.  Aa  a  metaphy- 
sician. Sir  James  was  acute  and  sagacious  beyond  any  of  hia  oonttm- 
poraries,  but  too  refined  and  cautious  in  stating  his  conclusions  ;  as  a 
historical  writer  he  rather  acts  the  part  of  a  commentator  on  what  other 
historians  have  written  than  that  of  an  original  writer.  His  excevive 
cautiousness  throws  an  air  of  doubt  or  in  conclusiveness  over  his  pagrs, 
which  is  by  no  means  agreeable  to  the  reader. 

"Sir  James,"  says  Mr  Campbell,  "was,  in  his  person,  well-made, 
and  above  the  middle  stature.  He  was  regularly  handsome  in  youlk, 
and  even  in  the  decline  of  life,  and  under  afflicted  health,  was  a  perMX 
of  prepossessing  and  commanding  appearance.  His  countenance  kaii 
a  changeful  mixture  of  grave  and  gay  expression,  a  shrewdness  codi. 
bined  with  suavity,  that  heightened  and  accorded  with  the  charm  of  hii 
conversation.  No  man  was  a  greater  master  of  convereaiion;  he  over 
laid  you  with  monologue,  but  overpaid  whatever  you  said  to  him  will 
insinuating  correction ;  or  else,  if  he  approved  of  your  remarks,  bt 
amended  them  by  rich  and  happy  illustration.  A  certain  thinoesa  and 
sharpness  of  voice  was  the  chief  defect  of  his  elocution  ;  and  sometima 
there  was,  perhaps,  an  over-northern  keenness  and  sharpness  in  his  met»< 
physics ;  but  still  the  world  will,  produce  no  such  mental  lights  again." 


I'.»m*l  JIJ 


II.— ECCLESIASTICAL  SKKIBK 


•oas  t.  n  I7IK.— MR)  ab.  IMIO. 

Db  Hcoh  Blair  wu  bam  m  Eilmburjtlii  pn  llie  7tk  day  of  A|iril, 
1718.  Hia  vlewi  from  hit  eariicrt  youth  wpru  lunkMi  luwanb  ilie 
diur^h,  and  hik  cducaiMKi  ivcrircil  «  niitable  itircction.  Aftrr  tJi« 
oaual  |rran>inali«l  connv  at  scliool,  be  r-nlcKd  the  huiuaoitv  clutt  io  llie 
mivnalty  of  Edinburgh  in  October.  1730.  and  tpetn  tievm  y««ra  u 
ibat  wiebralod  itenntiy,  Maiduoitaly  enpto^ed  in  lh«  literary  and 
•rirnlilte.  ■Indira  prmcrilx^l  by  the  church  of  Scotioml  lo  all  who  ar« 
to  brcunic  oindiilaln  for  hrt  licrncc  to  prrach  the  gdfpd.  Uunng  tbM 
important  periud,  lie  mm  diitiiiRu»li«l  amonji  ba  cooipMniont  both  6»f 
dili);i:nce  aod  {irutit-it^ncy ;  aniJ  pbuined  fruni  the  profcasufa*  uait*-r 
wbOM  be  ■taditd.  rrpentf^  tt-itinianic*  at  apprabotioD.  Cue  iif  iheui 
deaerrei  to  be  incnikMicil  pnnkulaitT.  beeaiaw,  in  hi*  awn  opiniuii.  il 
dcteruiaed  the  b«i>i  of  hi*  f^rutui  lowarda  polite  litvralure.  An  eway 
■  Do  the  Beautiful,'  imlleii  by  hiin  wlten  a  student  or  lu^ie  iu  tlie  osual 
eoiiiM  of  atademical  exercises,  bad  tl>«  i;ood  furttiiie  (o  aUnot  Ibe  u»> 
tJoe  of  Profeaaor  Steventoo.  and,  viih  eircuaittaucM  hooMmUe  to 
Um  Uthor,  waa  appointMl  to  be  reul  in  public  at  th«  eoDclutlon  of  the 


At  till*  limi'  Dr  Blair  eooirapnecd  a  inolbod  of  ■(nily  wbich  contii- 
InUmI  mad)  to  the  aocoracy  and  estent  of  hia  knoi*loi%c,  and  whkfa  li« 
«Mli»Md  W  pnetlM  oeMrioPAlly,  eien  alW  hit  rtpulaikM  waa  fully 
tttohlhhcd.  It  eOMiMed  In  uaklag  afaaifacta  of  ibe  biq»I  ImpiMliiit 
worlH  which  be  read,  awl  in  dtgaaiing  them  aocordiag  to  lb*  iraia  of 
In  ovn  thoughts.  HiMory,  In  paitJcular,  h«  rvsolvcd  |n  >tndy  ia  Ihia 
nannMr :  and,  in  con(«it  with  *oibb  of  hit  yooibful  a«M>«lni»,  be  eon* 
atrutied  a  rery  comprrhcnaiTe  *rbMi>e  of  chraaoJogical  table*,  for  re< 
oeiviog  iato  ita  proper  place  cn-ry  important  laet  that  ahould  occur. 
Tha  aelMBa  doriaed  by  till*  youiifc  Uudmt  lor  hi*  own  pritaie  use  wai 
■Aaraaiila  Imprond,  iUad  up,  aad  Rivrn  to  the  public  by  hia  teamed 
frwiid  Dr  Jolin  Blair,  prebendary  of  WMiaiinalar,  in  hk  valuable  worka 
'  The  Oirtamk^  awl  HiMory  ortiM  Worid.' 

In  the  year  l7Wb  Dr  Blair  took  hia  dfgrtt  of  A.  M.  Ou  thai  uc 
caaloB  lie  prialed  and  deAnded  a  thuai*.  -  Dt-  Fuudamcnii*  n  Otligatlune 
La^  NaMr*,'  whieh  eoniaiaa  a  abort  bat  maatarly  dkcuwlon  of  ifab 
uiporlBirtnil^|aet,a»d»hiUubal«^at  Latin  an  ooIBm  of  ibe  D»oni 
prineipjaa  wkieh  hare  betn  idnae  wew  fiilly  nnlUdad  aatd  HliialiaUd 
in  bja  acnaooa.  The  univanlty  of  Bdinbur^b,  about  thia  partod,  nom- 
beiad  nmooK  brr  pupiU  many  younjt  mm  who  vrrt  fono  to  Riahe  a 
4lattignUiea  flgurc  in  the  civil,  lIi*  H-cleaianlitalr  ami  the  lilrrary  bi» 
10^  itf  tbdr  eoaBlry.  With  moat  of  tfcaa  Dr  HUir  entFn-d  into  hatatti 
of  iatiiaairronnezianiwkieb  as  htur*  compMioon  orjeoloiuy  oeearred 
to  iiiit-rTupt,  which  haid  lliaoi  iNllad  ihmu^-h  life  ia  llielr  viewa  of  public 
good,  and  vbleh  had  tfcc  mm  Waelicial  mHucaee  on  tlwir  onrn  iai< 

vu.  3  o 


418 


ICCLESIASTICllL  BRRIKS. 


proveiniMil,  on  the  progrem  of  rlrgnocc  ■»(]  tutc  uiniing  ItieJr  codMb- 
poraricn,  and  on  the  general  intermti  of  the  coanrounit^-  (o  which  ik} 
bi-louged. 

Od  (he  complpiion  of  ih'a  mraikmicnl  coarse,  be  undcrwrnt  th*  tm- 
tomary  trlsb  bcforv  the  pmbvtery  of  Eiliuburi;h,  and  rrc«iTcd  fro* 
that  body  n  licence  to  preach  tW  (^ocpel,  ou  llie  Slat  of  October,  I74L 
Hi«  public  life  now  commrjici-'d  with  very  bToursble  prospect*.  TW 
iTputation  which  hu  brought  Iroia  the  untrcniily  «aa  Tully  juntificd  bj 
I  liii  &nt  appi-arancrs  in  the  pulpjl ;  and,  in  a  Tew  mooihii,  tbn  &Br  d 
Iiis  elofjoiMiciT  procured  Ipr  him  a  pr«««)tation  to  the  pAriah  of  Coliaijt 
iu  Fife,  whnu  he  waa  ordained  to  the  offic?  of  the  holy  mitiiatry  on  Ik 
S3d  of  Sepletiiber,  1743.  Dot  be  was  not  pcrniillrd  to  rematfi  ktag  ia 
this  rural  retreat.  A  vacancy  in  the  wcooil  cbajgc  of  ibe  Canonfttt 
of  Edinburgh  fumisfapd  to  hinfrirndt  an  appofinDii)- ofrc^alliuf;  bin  to 
a  itfltion  raore  suited  to  hii  tnknts :  and  though  one  of  the  mo*t(  popabt 
■nd  eloquent  etergytnm  In  tlic  church  nni  placed  in  comjictitiun  with 
him,  n  great  majority  of  the  circlon  drddrd  in  favour  of  tlib  \ovag 
orator,  and  ri-Hored  him  in  July,  17U,  to  tbc  bounds  of  hi*  native  city. 
In  conM-qurticc  of  a  eull  from  Ihr  town-council  aiid  peliml  Maaion  of 
Edinburgh,  he  was  traualuti-d  from  the  CaDOofjate  to  Lady  Verier'*, 
oneofthecitychurchi-K,  on  tiie  1  Ith  of  October,  175^  And  on  the  \&ih 
day  of  June.  1758,  he  waa  promoted  lo  the  high  cbtircti  of  Kdinbor{:fa. 
Hillieno  his  attention  aeenis  to  have  been  devatad,  afanoat  rxcluaivr- 
]y,  to  tlie  attaiiiDient  of  profesaiotiai  excellence,  and  to  the  re^Iar  dia- 
charge  of  his  ]>arochial  duliea.  No  production  of  fai*  pen  bad  yrt  bc«a 
^TCn  to  the  world  by  bimaelf,  except  two  sermons  preached  on  pani- 
eiilar  occasions,  some  tmnalationB,  in  vent,  of  posoiRea  of  scripturv  bt 
the  pMlmody  of  the  church,  and  a  few  articles  in  the  Edinburgh  ftovirw; 
a  publication  begun  in  1 7M,  and  conducted  for  a  abort  time  by  winie  of 
the  nblcat  men  in  the  kinjidom.  But  slaudin]^  a*  he  now  did  at  tbr 
bt«d  of  his  profnaioii,  and  released,  by  the  labour  of  former  ycara,  fran 
the  iiecewty  of  weekly  preparation  for  the  pulpit,  he  bfgvn  to  tkfnk 
aorioaaljr  on  a  plan  for  leaching  lo  otberm  that  art  which  hod  com rtbatid 
ao  mnd  to  the  ruralitithmcnt  of  his  own  fame.  With  Ikis  view.  h« 
commanicated  to  hia  frienda  a  scheme  of  lecture*  on  cotnpoaiiion  :  ami 
baring  oblainrd  ihe  approbation  of  ibo  university,  be  bewail  U>  read 
them  in  the  colle|-ft  on  the  1  Itli  of  December.  ITAO.  To  thia  uiider- 
takiog  ba  brought  all  the  qualification*  requiailc  for  executing  it  wvJI ; 
end  along  with  ibcm  a  weight  of  rcputaiion,  which  could  not  (ail  to  giv» 
aAect  to  th«  kisons  he  should  dclivcf.  For,  l>r>)iles  the  irstimony  giv^ 
lo  hi*  lalenls  by  hi*  tuoee*stve  prooiatkmB  in  the  church,  ihv  uDirvnily 
of  St  Andrew*,  moved  chiefly  by  the  merit  of  hii  rlounencr,  had,  ia 
Jaock  1757,  conftrred  on  him  Ihe  def^ee  of  D.  D.,  a  literary  honour 
which,  at  Iha4  tin>p,  waa  very  rare  in  Scotlaixl.  Accordingly,  bis  fint 
course  of  lectures  wa*  well  attended,  and  r^-cetved  with  great  appbiuae. 
The  paln>ns  of  the  univrrsily,  convinced  that  ihey  aould  form  a  valu- 
able addition  to  the  ayitrni  of  rtlneation,  ngrrril  in  the  Ibliowin^  anoK 
ner  to  iiutilute  a  rhrtoncal  clnu  under  his  direclimi,  ai  a  |iillllliimi| 
part  of  their  acadcmteul  titabliihmnil.  And  on  the  7ib  of  April,  170^ 
hti  niajpKly  was  f;raciously  pleased  "  lo  erect  and  cimIow  a  profMaorabip 
'  rfartoric  and  belles  leUna  in  the  uoiversiiy  of  Edmbargh,  and  to  ap- 
•1  Dr  Blatr,  in  axnidefation  of  liii  approved  quaUSeatioMt  rvgiu 


i 


I 


I'lMtn-l 


HDOH  ■[■Am. 


419 


prafroor  Uirrcof.  <*ilh  &  snlniy  of  £T0."  Thm)  [•■cture*  be  publuhcd 
in  t7H3,  trhcii  he  rclin-il  froai  llic  labour*  of  llic  ulBcc 

Till!  grtal  ubject*  of  liii  liltmry  nnibiljon  bi-iiig  now  atlamcd,  liii 
liUi<uU  were  for  mmoy  yvnn  cuiiavcrattd  autcJjr  tv  tho  i(ii]iuTUnt  and  pc< 
culiar  emploj-mcnU  of  bi9*l»tion.  ItwUDOtliU  tlie year  1777  ilial  be 
could  be  iailucird  (o  Cutout  Uwiroild  with  a  vi>lun«  of  thatenuonsirLJdi 
li«d  M  long  furnUlird  iutlructioo  and  i]«li};lit  (o  bis  own  coogngUioD. 
ittit  ibia  voIiium  btriug  well  r«c«it«d,  tbe  public  approbation  enoou rafted 
him  la  proceed.  Three  other  roluue*  followed  al  difftrent  iiilervali ; 
and  all  of  them  caperienccd  a  degree  of  fuccesci  of  which  few  publics- 
lions  can  boant.  Uy  a  royal  nModale  to  the  ucbequer  of  Scotland, 
dated  95ih  July.  1790,  a  penMOn  of  £200  a  year  «u  conferrrd  on  ibeir 
uutbor,  which  roDlinurd  unaltend  till  his  death. 

In  that  dcpartiDcni  of  hi*  prafraxloanl  duly  which  regarded  tbo  go- 
vunmctit  of  the  cburch,  Dr  UUir  waa  (Icudily  alUchnl  to  tlu;  raiua  of 
mudrralion.  From  diffidtiiCF,  and  pcThapo  fioin  a  cert&ia  degrrc  of  in- 
aptitude for  eklenaporary  tpeaklng,  h«  look  a  lea*  pubUc  part  in  ibc 
{'ODtettt  of  eeolcsiMtical  politics  thaio  some  of  hi*  contsmpoiarie* ;  and, 
from  ibe  Mine  oaawa,  bs  neTor  would  cantenl  to  bccoaie  tnudrmior  of 
lli«  genenl  Matmhly  of  the  church  of  Scotland.  Bnl  hu  luHurncc 
among  bia  bntbreo  was  cxioii'ive :  bix  opinion,  guidnl  by  that  souod 
upri^ibMaa  of  judgneot  which  ftirmrd  thr  prnlooiinant  Icaturc*  of  kia 
iiiUllectatI  duractar,  bad  alu-nyi  bi-cn  lu-ld  in  hif[b  rviprct  by  tbc 
Iricnd*  with  whom  lie  acted ;  nJitl,  lor  many  of  the  laM  y«an  of  h» 
lift,  it  wai  rrccived  by  them  alnio»i  as  a  law. 

Dr  BInir  lud  been  nolnnilly  of  a  frrblc  cunitilution  of  body:  but  a» 
Iw  |;rew  up,  bis  coMtituiion  acquirid  greater  lirmnua  uiil  vigour. 
Though  liable  to  ocoaaloDal  aUackt  from  tome  of  the  shaipeal  kmI  noM 
painful  diteaacs  that  afflict  llie  bumao  frame.  beMyoyrd  ageeteral  alUcof 
good  health ;  and,  (lirougli  babituol  cliecffulaeMt  tenpe'ranoc,  and  catv, 
Bunircd  lli«  usual  tena  of  human  lift.  For  tome  year*  h«  bod  fell  hitnaalf 
unequal  (o  the  fatigue  of  inOiucling  hb  very  large  ooagreyalion  fhim 
the  putpil :  and,  undrr  ibc  imprcutoa  which  this  fecUog  produced)  ba 
has  been  beard  at  timi*  to  mv  with  a  sif^h,  "  ibul  he  was  kfl  olniott  the 
last  of  bis  eoatamporariaa,"  Yctbccotiiiuued  luibe  end  in  iIh-  regular 
diadiaffe  of  all  kia  oibor  official  dmic*.  and  particularly  it>  giving  advice 
to  the  attbtad)  wboi  ftmn  dUhrcnt  qunneni  of  ilie  kugdoiBi  solicited 
hi*  corraaponJeiwa.  Hia  last  ■uooncr  wu  deioted  to  Ike  preparation 
of  twcfMy  nora  aemKHin  :  and,  lu  the  course  of  it,  bo  eiliibMed  a  oigour 
of  uademUiidtng  and  cipaciiy  uf  ctcrtion  equal  to  that  of  hi*  best  daye> 
He  began  the  wiolcri  pleased  with  hiaiself  ou  account  of  the  conijilrlioB 
of  this  work  1  and  liia  friends  were  Aaitertd  witli  Ibe  hope  llial  he  miglii 
live  to  eiijuy  tbe  accession  of  i-muluuKni  and  fane  which  tie  <ip«-ctcd 
it  would  bring.  But  the  seed*  of  a  murtal  Jliaaag  were  lurking  unper- 
ceivcd  wiihiii  him.  On  the  S4th  of  Oeeanber,  1900.  ba  oomplajacd 
of  a  {Mill  in  hia  bowtJa,  irkiebi  during  that  and  the  bitowing  dayi  |K*a 
hiai  but  little  aaiaainwa  t  hmI  he  racoivcd  m  nsual  lh«  vialia  of  liia 
fricntU.  On  ika  altarooOD  of  tlie  SGili,  tho  aywiiton*  bceaina  violaal. 
ami  alartning : — be  fi'.l  that  be  waa  afproaching  the  * od  of  bia  appoint* 
rd  eoana:  and  rviaiuing  lu  the  last  moment  lU-  full  ])0**«Mion  of  hia 
lutnial  focultiaa,  Ite  etptnd  on  the  inuniiog  of  the  '27ih,  with  the  OOO* 
pusnrr  and  liwfM  which  bccnu*  a  Christian  |ia*lor. 


4S0 


CCCL^IASTICAL  BERIEl. 


tNiimt 


ThoB  far  have  we  aliriilf^cil  (he  UMMoir  dRually  preRxed  to  the  doc- 
tor* errmcns.  The  foliuving  mori^  discriminating  criliqae  on  ibcce 
onoe  crlpbrRtcd  duconnM  )»,  nt  think,  from  the  vigofous  pen  of  llie 
author  of  Vtaimy*  on  Di^ciMon  of  Character.' 

•'  Wn  bnvf  been  reading  again,"  ays  the  re*i«wer,  *'  aooe  of  ibe 

;  'noit  notM)  of  (Itttie  pertbrmancea.  And  they  pOMM*  aonw  obtloua 
merits  of  whieli  no  rMd«T  oan  be  inaenmble.  The  tint  ia,  perhaps, 
tbal  lh<y  utf  not  too  long.  It  if  not  impertinent  to  Hpccify  (his  first, 
beeaiue  we  can  put  it  to  the  comci'^K^K  of  our  rcAHrrs,  vhntlier,   in 

I  Vpening  a  volume  of  aertnooii,  ibiTtr  lint  point  of  imprction  relaliTc  (o 
•ny  ooe  which  they  arc  inclined  to  ehowc  for  its  t«»t  or  titk,  ia  i»ot  (o 
ftsecrlaiii  llie  length.  Tlic  next  rrcuiuinendatioo  (if  thn  doctor'*  ser- 
inoiK  in  a  very  miilnbte,  thuugli  scarif  ly  ctit  nlrikiDg,  in  trod  action, 
which  lends  directly  to  the  liuisintL'kH,  and  op^uH  ititu  a  very  plain  anil 
ludd  diitribution  of  tin-  Hubjcct.  Another  a  a  fomxA  and  penpicuoos 
laiiffiingi-;  and  it  ia  (u  bf.  added,  (hat  the  idea*  ar«  almoat  alwaya  atridly 
pcrtini-nt  (o  the  «ubject.  This,  liouever,  forms  but  a  verj'  small  part 
of  (lie  appluuae  which  vas  bestowed  on  tbeae  terniom  durint;  ilie  tran> 
■lent  day  of  their  fame.  They  were  then  oofisidered  by  niaiiy  ati  t^- 
amplea  of  true  eloqurnce;  a  distinction  never  perhaps  atiribulMl,  in 

\-MDy  other  instance,  to  perfbrmnnceii  marked  by  mch  palpable  defieien- 

I.  ties  and  faaltc. 

**  In  the  first  place,  with  respect  to  the  language,  though  the  aelee- 

'  lion  of  words  is  proper  enough,  the  arrangement  of  them  in  tbe  ■«)• 
Icncc  is  often  in  the  niinost  degree  stiff  and  nrtiUcial.  It  b  hardly 
poMibk  to  depart  further  fiMm  Any  iraetnMnnce  to  what  is  called  a 
living  or  spokrii  ■lylc,  which  in  tlic  proper  diction  fltaH  cvra(s  for  popn* 
lar  nddremes,  if  not  for  nil  the  <lepnritnetits  of  prose  coinpMitioR.  In- 
•tcarf  of  (lie  tlionglit  throwing  itself  into  wordi),  by  a  free,  itistaDtaocoua, 
iud  ulniost  uneonwinus  netion.  and  pawing  off  in  that  eaj^y  form,  it  i* 

!  pn-tty  appon-nt  ihrrr  v/ur  n  good  deal  »f  homlicrnft  employed  In  fretting 
rrady  proper  cnxes  and  iruMP*.  of  various  hut  earefully  measured  ie«q|[tlM 
and  figure*,  to  p«l  llii-  ItioughtN  into,  as  (hey  cnnie  out,  in  Tcry  alow 
Buce«viion,  each  &t*  (lieia  eoatcil  and  itiflriit.'d  to  nuinbncc*  in  waiting 
a»  long  to  In-  tln-tn-d.  Take,  for  example,  ouch  sentences  na  (heaet 
*  I'reat  liiLt  hevn  the  eormption  of  the  world  in  (fvrry  age.  Suffltirnt 
ftrnund  tWre  is  for  the  eomplaiats  made  by  iciiani  observera,  nl  aQ 
tinirt,  of  aEiotrniting  iniquity  and  folly,'  '  For  rnmly.  or  never,  la  old 
age  eontetiined.  iinlcM  when,  by  vice  or  folly,  it  rendcn  itself  eon- 
tt-iriptiblc.'  '  Vain,  nay,  often  {IncigerouB.  wcrt  youthful  cnlerpriw'*, 
tl  nut  oondoctcti  by  aged  prudence.'  '  if,  dead  to  ihrse  calls,  yon 
already  lai^uish  in  slothful  iiiaclion,' Ac.  '  Smiling  n-ry  oflra  ia  xhft 
BiipeM,  and  smooth  are  the  words  of  those  who  Inwardly  ore  thn  moat 

^ready  lo  think  evil  of  othen.*  '  Exempt,  on  the  one  hand,  from  thn 
daik  jealousy  nf  n  suspicious  mind,  it  is  no  k'iw  rcmovixt,  on  the  other, 
from  tliat  cosy  ercifulily  which,'  &c.  '  Formidable,  I  udiuit,  thia  may 
justly  render  it  to  them  who  have  no  inward  fund,"  Set.  '  I'houf^h 
•iieh  employments  of  fancy  coaie  not  under  the  utne  ilc>eripti<in  with 
tboM  which  are  plainly  criminal,  yet  wholly  unhlamevble  ilMry  oeldotn 
are.*  '  With  lr»«  rxlcrnal  ninjesly  It  was  attended,  but  is,  on  (lint 
aeeount,  the  more  lumdrrbil,  that  nnder  an  ap[*arance  lo  simple,  siicli 
grt-nt  evrnlB  urrr  rovrrcd.'       riicri    is  jilso  ii  perpetual  Tcciirrenci-  of  a 


piw..] 


IIUOII  SLAIII. 


4X1 


■B  (brm  of  tlic  MTitiMicr.  wliicli  Diiftbt  be  acca^ionally  cnMN-ful,  ur  lolenUc, 
to  wbcn  nry  aparingt}-  ailoplH,  tint  ia  nxlrcmcly  uiiplutuio^  b^hm  it 
M>  uoiDc*  oAcn ;  we  airma  tliat  ouaalrucliao  ia  which  ibu  quality  or  eon- 

Iditioa  of  th«  a^it  ur  lubjrct,  is  eitprcved  fint,  and  the  af;mt  or  sab- 
ject  itwlf  b  out  to  bring  up  (he  laU«r  cbu*e.  For  iiiBlaii(«,  '  Pampeml 
by  continual  indulKi-Dc«.  nil  our  pusiotw  will  beoomv  Diutinuiu  and 
hcaiiMraufc.'  '  Practiied  in  Uie  way*  of  mm.  thty  aru  apt  to  bo  sua* 
ipicious  o(  di-aiKu  Bad  fraud.'  &c.  '  Injured  or  opprcMed  by  the  world, 
Ite  looki  u;>  tu  a  .ludge  who  will  vindicat«  lib  cauae.' 
"  In  (ke  aecond  plaee,  ibere  is  no  l#xtun>  in  (be  OOmpoailMii.  The 
»ei>(«nf««  appear  o/tcn  like  a  series  of  little  indeptadent  prtpoaition*, 
eacb  Mliiili[-ii  with  its  own  dutiact  meaning,  and  capable  of  be'iuj; 
fiaocd  in  n  diKereot  part  of  the  train,  without  injury  to  any  mutual 
eoOMcction,  or  iiltiouito  purpote,  of  (li«  thonght*.  The  ideas  relate  to 
tlio  (oblrcl  pmrrally,  wilhoat  ^>rcifically  r^tii^  to  one  another, 
'riiry  nil.  if  irr  may  to  s{ic«k,  grsvitatv  to  on«  cmtrr.  hat  hare  no 
aiutoal  atlractioo  aiiiuog  (lioiutclTi^s.  Tbt-  mind  uunt  often  dbmiai 
<  [ilirvly  iliL-  idea  lu  uno  wnlence,  in  order  to  [irooeiHl  to  that  in  the 

IiiMi :  iofttiad  of  ferJing  tliat  the  aecond,  thougli  diBtincI,  yet  neorjurlly 
RUun  tba  Bnt  Mill  in  buhI,  awl  partly  derives  its  force  froni  i(:  and 
Ibat  thty  both  eontribaie,  ia  eoaaeetion  with  wvtral  more  se^Kenopa, 
to  fonii  a  grand  rotiiples  scbemr  of  thought,  each  of  ihetn  producing  a 
Ur  greater  effect,  a«a  part  of  the  coiubination,  than  it  would  bare  dono 
ai  ■  Utile  llioagbt,  alaadlng  alooe.  The  oonacqucBce  of  ihb  defect  ia, 
IbH  ibe  empliaw*  of  the  tcnliinrnt  and  iba  tn*'a  or  coucJDsioD  of  (be 
argURient  come*  no  wbeic;  uncc  it  cannot  be  in  any  aingle  iMslated 
(bought,  and  tbcf«  ia  aot  mutual  depeadenoe  and  co^peratioa  eooagb 
to  produce  any  cemUawl  rcavlt.  Notbioit  ia  proved,  notbing  ia  en- 
Ibrced.  Dolhing  i*  taoKlit.  by  a  mere  OACuwalatJon  of  sclf-crident  pro* 
poaltiont,  moH  of  which  arv  n4«CMarily  triic,  and  aoane  of  whkb,  when 
tbey  are  so  many,  n«M  be  trinal.  With  a  few  cae«ptioiM,  ifai*  appears 
lo  u(  to  be  the  durKewr  of  Iboae  acnooiw.  The  arnnen,  perbafM,  moat 
•Icaenrbig  to  be  ncepted,  w  that  '  (>n  the  liaponaiiM  of  BalJgioua 
KfiMriedgc  le  Maukiad,'  wbicb  cxbibit*  n  wapectable  dagraa  of  can- 
nUoMtwu  of  tbooght  aad  dadnotioa  of  arjtunicDt.  It  woaki  t«eRi  a*  if 
Dr  Blair  bad  baoa  a  little  aware  of  tbb  d<-ft»'t.  aa  there  ia  an  oecaHOcial 
■fipeanaee  of  teateilial  eoalrivaiioe ;  be  hai  aonietimi-ii  inarrtrd  (ho 
logleal  rigiM  Jbr  and  mmw,  when  (be  eomwctinn  or  doprixb-nce  ia  rvolly 
M  very  alight  or  aabaponant  that  (hey  taigbt  nearly  oa  well  bo  Icli 
not. 

"  If,  ill  the  next  place,  wr  wcm  to  remark  on  the  figure*  Introducml 
re  the  course  of  tlwuo  •armooa,  wn  (ircaiinii-  wc  »liouUI  have  tvtry  r«ad- 

Ijt's  concurrcDcc  that  (hey  are,  for  lh<-  moti  i>art.  ungularljr  Irfir:  ao 
■oBch  to,  iliat  the  Tolumca  might  be  tniiii,  mofe  |irop»rly  than  any 
(Xhcr  Booilcrti  book  that  wn  know,  aa  oompruaag  Iba  whole  ooanaon* 
|>ta(Ki  ot  imagery.  A  eooaidrtablD  porlioa  of  ikc  produee  of  imagina- 
lion  wa*  dn>mrd  an  iiidbfir'iaoMa  ingrr<lirot  of  elm|uvi>c«,  and  the 
•|uola  waa  tlMtrrCoro  lo  U-  bad  ia  any  way  and  of  any  kind.  Bel  lite 
Kuilt  of  pl^iarJMn  waa  i-ffrctanlly  avoidnl,  by  taJtiag  a  puriioa  of  what 
Micirty  JMd  long  agrvcd  lo  oonaKler  a*  made  common  and  free  to  all 
ilMt  waat  and  ohnow>.  When  on-aaionally  thMi-  nrrura  a  aimilr  or 
metaphor  of  (bo  wrilrt'a  owa  |>foilnrtiuM,  tl  b  aaljiiOfii  with  an  arlilleial 


HtiS 


ECCLtSIASTICAL  SIRIEa. 


I* 


uioery  benriiig  a  lillle  rescmblaiirt!  to  Ui«  labour  anil   fiabb  W%  i 
linics  IPC  bi'stowcil  on  ibe  trickinjt  out  oi'  «n  only  child.      Il  i 
ibn  aamc  tiiiif,  be  ulluwiil,  tlml  (he  consiitltnry  of  Ibc  Sgarm^  ' 
cotDuiuii  iir  iinuiiiml.  is  in  gcTicral  aL'i^'uiateljr  pnn«rvcd>     tht 
will  be  tuuglit.  howi^vi'r.  nut  Id  rfckoo  on  tbia  as  a  cvrtMiotj. 
have  ju9(  u|n^iii?<J  uii  tilt-  following  Deai«nc«  ;  '  Deatit  is  ib«  gate  ' 
at  Ui«  >umc  I'mte  tliut  il  i-Uxes  on  thi*  world,   of)eQa    into 
(Sennon  oa  Duitli.)     We  rjiniiot  comprcbetid  the  convtrue 
niovemcut  of  suuli  a  Kutt-i  uiilrai  it  is  like  tliat  which  we  oomctii 
in  place  of  a  slilti  playiug  loose  in  b  space  bctwccD  Iwo  |M>al>i  ai 
can  hardly  think  »o  huiiibl«'  ttn  object  could  be  in  the  autboi^  i 
uliile  lliinking  of  th«  pas»ag«  to  anotiwr  world. 

"  Witli  (^ftppct  lo  the  gcnrnil  power  of  thinking  displsyod  is 
■I'l'iniinn,  we  apprehend  that  diiccriiin)!  nttiden  are  oomiof;  fwt 
iin  iiiiitbrmily  of  opinion.  They  will  all  cliM'rfalljr  agwvt.-  that  iJk  i^ 
llior  cnrrics  good  sense  niong  wilU  him  whrrrvcr  br  goes ;  tktt  Is 
kn-pi  bii  (ubjrcU  dinlinct;  that  hi^  ui-ver  waiidtrs  from  the  ame  ■ 
iMfiil :  tlint  he  pniciiU  concisely  very  many  important  Io»aon<  ofimmi 
iimrulily  :  and  that  in  dainK  this  he  ilipplaya  an  nnoonitnou  katmlt^ 
ul' the  more  nbvious  i^uulitiesof  human  nature.  He  is  n«ver  uittagM 
liinlastic:  every  tuifru  is  sober,  and  pertinent  lo  (he  aobiwet;  and  km- 
liile  labour  lia»  prcrtnli-d  him  from  erer  blling  in  s  mortifying  degnt 
billow  the  level  uT  hi«  bust  style  of  perfornianee,  Hu  is  seldoat  bd^ 
a  reipeetuble  nii-ilioerity,  but,  we  are  forced  10  adiuil,  that  be  Wt; 
rarc-ly  ri*r-s  above  il.  After  readiu)*  five  or  tix  wrtDOOs  wtr  bMvBt 
assured  (hat  ue  inodt  perfectly  tee  the  whole  romptu  anil  rrarh  of  Ut 
pon-CM,  and  lltal,  if  lli«rc  vere  (wcniy  voliunes,  w«  inifrhi  rv«d  «■ 
through  the  whole  without  ever  coming  to  a  bold  Gou(.'<-|iiion,  or  a 
profound  investigation,  or  a  bunt  of  |(enuioe  enihiMiaiui.  Then  k 
not  in  the  traia  of  tliouglit  a  tuccession  of  emiiM-nee«  and  dcprcMisol^ 
rising  towards  tubliinity,  and  docendiuf:  into  (ainllUrity.  Th«re  an 
no  peculiarly  sinking  fliort  passages,  where  the  mind  wfabm  to  staf 
awhile,  to  indulge  its  delight,  if  it  were  not  irreaisllUy  carrird  Airwwrf 
by  the  rapidity  of  (he  thought.  Thcrn  arc  none  of  (ho*e  happy 
tioiM  bock  on  a  thought  ju>t  departing  which  seem  to  girc  il  a 
and  a  •troDger  signitioarice.  in  addition  (o  that  which  tl  had  moat 
viously  presented.  Though  the  minddoei  not  proceed  with  any  i 
neaa  to  what  ia  to  come,  it  'a  seldom  inclined  lu  revert  to  what  h 
by  ;  and  any  coutrivanee  in  the  cumpuaition  to  tempt  it  to  louV  ImA 
with  tingtring  partiality  to  the  receding  idiiii.  is  furboruc  by  the  writer; 
c|uitG  judiciously,  for  the  teropinlioo  would  bii. 

"  A  reflvctirc  reader  wdl  perceive  his  luind  fueil  in  a  woodcrTuI  mmh 
ncM  of  l««llng  throughout  a  whole  rolumc ;  it  ii  hardly  relie*^  a  mm^ 
laent,  by  sarpriae,  delight,  or  labour,  and  at  length  becomes  v«>fy  tka> 
•otne:  iierhap*  a  little  analogoua  to  the  aeiMationi  of  a  Hindoo  «hilc 
fulflUlng  his  vow,  to  remain  in  one  certain  |>otture  liir  a  nioath.  JL 
acdatA  forniality  of  miiniier  i*  ianriably  kept  up  tbroagh  a  thooaod 
pagM,  without  thu  smallMl  daagar  of  ever  loiarlotiog  into  a  bvantWil 
imgularity.  We  M^ver  find  oumelve*  in  lli«  mklst  of  any  thing  Ifcu 
reminds  us  of  nature,  except  by  that  onlcrly  slimicaa  which  ahe  |br> 
aw>Mirs,  or  of  frocdoin,  rxoi-|>l  by  twing  coni|ieJle«l  to  gu  in  the  niaa 
Mml  ]iaces  ol'a  dull  pfucruinn.     It  we  manfully  pi-r*ist  iu  rca<lin|;  en. 


t^ien.) 


JAMKS  MACXMIGHr. 


4iA 


I 


we  ftt  length  feci  a  torpor  innuling  our  rucullic*.  wc  brnotnc  appnihcn- 
■ivc  that  »omo  wiinrd  i*  about  lurniiig  iih  into  «ton<«,  and  wc  can  lirrai; 
tlio  fpcll  oiily  by  thitliing  the  book.  Having  *hut  tlic  book,  wt  (rf\ 
that  wc  h*tc  aoqiiirfil  no  tlrGnabltr  aililition  to  our  hlraxi  u'c  have  little 
Diurr  than  (be  conic) oiuncM  of  having  pau«*l  along  througli  a  very 
regular  *rric(  of  •rntnicrs  aoil  iinrx^rplionnblc  pn>po*ilioni :  much  In 
tli4>  nunc  manner  n*  prrfaapn.  at  another  hour  of  the  fame  day,  uc  have 
the  consciounncM  or  remembrance  of  having  Jiiit  poMcd  along  by  a 
v«ry  regular  painted  paliiodc,  oo  on<!  bar  of  ivhieli  paniciilorly  fixe) 
oar  attention,  and  the  whole  of  which  wc  aholl  »oon  lurgut  that  ««  havo 
ever  »een, 

"The  lait  fault  thai  we  shall  allege,  ii  Mino  daiect  on  the  ground 
of  religion;  not  a  deficiency  of  general  serionsnM*,  itor  an  infretjuency 
of  refwcocc  to  the  moit  lolmin  mbjcctji,  nor  an  omiatioB  of  *taling 
•onwlimo,  in  explicit  term*,  the  leading  [)Hne>plc»  of  tlie  theory  of  tl»e 
Christian  redemption.  But  vie  repenintly  find  CUM  10  oompUiii  that, 
ill  ollu-r  parts  of  the  •emion,  he  ap|M-an  to  forget  time  atalemeub,  and 
advance!  proposition*  which,  uokts  the  reader  thall  combiiiu  with  them 
modification  which  the  author  lias  mM  suggeated,  mual  conlradlol  Ihoae 
priadplcfl^  On  occaaioas,  li«  clearly  deducea,  from  tho  dcMhaod  atone- 
meat  of  Chrirt,  the  hope*  of  futurilyi  and  coiuolatioos  agaioat  llie  frar 
of  deftth ;  and  then,  at  other  tiuKa,  h«  tc«uu  mo*(  caatioua  lo  aToM 
ibb  grand  topic  when  adverting  lo  the  approach  of  death,  and  the  fl- 
ings of  that  *eaion ;  aad  aeeau  to  real  all  the  cooMiUlionii  on  the  review 
of  a  virluoua  life." 


^nuA  JH^dtiUffblt  13.  i3. 


•oax  a.  o.  ml.— niiD  a,  D.  180(1. 


Tin*  dtttingtiivWd  Biblical  critic  waa  born  on  the  I7lh  of  Septem- 
ber, 17:11,  111*  bihrr  wai  miniilcr  of  Irvine,  in  Ayrthirc.  He  re- 
ceived fab  tbeoLogicnl  education  at  Gla«gnw  and  Leyden,  and  became 
miniater  of  the  pariah  of  Maybole  in  1753.  In  I7&(>  he  publiobed  n 
'  Haraiooy  of  tlm  (totpeb,'  which  wa*  rery  favourably  rcceircil ;  oikI 
»oon  after  a  work  eiiliited  'The  Truth  of  the  Goapcl  Hbtory,'  «hlch 
*till  further  advanced  hi*  reputalioD  a>  a  tboologjan. 

In  1769  be  WM  Irantlalcd  lo  ihe  parochial  charge  of  Jedburgh,  aad, 
in  1773,  to  one  of  the  Edinburgh  charge*.  From  the  pcrjud  of  hit 
*ett]cfncnt  in  Edinburgh,  he  addreiaed  himtelf  with  unreiuittlng  a«Hliiity 
lo  Um  preparation  ofhia  la«t  and  moat  important  work,  oa  the  Apoiloli- 
cal  Eputlea,  which  wu  fir*t  pnUiafaed  in  I7&&,  in  4  vola.  4lo.  Thi* 
»  a  truly  valuable  work.  It  b  Arminian  in  lentimeni,  but  b  rrpli-to 
with  able  and  acmnile  cnlicism. 

Dr  Maelulgbt  died  on  the  13lh  day  of  January,  1000. 


424 


XCCLKSIASTICAL  IBRISS. 


•MM  A.V.   1737.— Bl»  A.O.  laOd. 

Dn  Gkodes  ytaa  born  at  ArrBdowl,  in  ibe  couDly  of  Bmnfl^ 
bcr  -iLb,  1737,  O.  S.  iJU  father  wm  ihc  Mcond  of  Tour  hfuJliHi, 
•p^ciable  but  not  opulent  farmers,  all  of  whom  itlll  uUwrvd  lu  tW 
aQC:ient  ivtigion  of  the  district-  Hi*  fini  Kfaoolaiia(re«s  wm  &  Mn 
Scllar,  whose  notice  »f  him,  lie  wM  sccu*totiifd  la  My,  «raa  tbc  rMtii< 
mental  pleasure  he  Tc«rtrBib«rMl  to  faavr  felt,  lie  w<u  attxl  pat 
the  (mr«  of  Mr  Shearer,  n  J^>ung  nuio  froin  AbrrJeci),  wbom  iIm 
had  engaged  to  nliicatn  hln  two  mmis,  and  ttith  whom  the  subiKt 
thii  ■nrmoir,  and  thr  Ut<r  Roman  Catliolic  BUhop  Grdde*.  of  C/S 
bur^'i.  were  nilniittnl  to  tnkr.  leasoii*.  Hr  wa*  aft<:rw«rd»  reioond 
Snlsn.  an  obscure  Roman  Cotliolic  w.-niinary  in  the  HigUaBi^  < 
which  ihoic  youiijit  ptnoo*  weru  bruuf;ht  up  who  liad  l>e«ii  dcvtrifd 
tbc  pridtfauod,  uiid  who  wvre  destined  to  ltni*h  tbcir  utiidics  at 
forcijin  aniversiiv.  At  Ibia  ttcniiuary,  wv  bavc  rtvon  to  btlk-vc, 
Gi-dilcH  laid  Ibu  fuundatiuu  of  that  (uperior  akitl  in  the  Itarac^ 
fcuajtci  for  which  ht  was  afterwards  no  uuineutly  disiingulsbrd. 
October,  17A3,  h«  was  tent  frofo  Sealaa  to  the  Scotch  college  in 
where  he  arrived  about  the  end  of  December,  after  bnving 
euaped  shipwreek  in  his  pauage.  Mr  Gordon  was  thirn  prioei| 
(he  college.  In  a  few  days  alter  hit  arrival  he  began  to  Btlend 
IccluFM  in  the  colU-j^  of  Navarre,  and  entered  im mediately  into  rW(»i^ 
dc.  He  Mkon  cot  nt  tlie  ae«j  of  (he  daat,  although  there  wen  {•* 
veterans  iti  it.  Vicalre  nws  taeti  profcaaort  >Bd  cootmcted  a  frwaU^ 
for  biiii  which  laaled  all  his  life. 

At  the  he|<innio|f  of  iiexi  >dioolye«r,  he  thould  Lave  entered  oa  a 
ooune  of  philoiopby  :  but  was  persuaded  to  study  pliiloaophy  at  ham 
at  inlcfrals,  aod  to  enter  lu  divinity.  Ho  attended  the  lectiirM  of  )!• 
M.  Surf-  and  De  Saurrot  at  tlic  college  of  Navarre,  and  L'tulroeal,  t<rt 
Hebrew,  at  the  Sorboniie.  L'advocat  was  particularly  atK-mtre 
bim,  and  wiibed  isuch  to  have  him  remain  at  Paris:  bat  other  i 
•els  preraiteil,  and  he  returned  to  Sooiland  in  the  year  1764. 
arrival  at  Ediitburgli,  lie  waa  sent  to  Dundee,  to  officiate  ai 
Catholics  in  the  couoly  of  Angus.  But  lie  did  not  remain  long^ 
Mktion :  being  removed  io  May,  I7BS.  to  Traquaire,  where  h« 
tlMtly  three  jears  as  doiiiMtlo  olisplain  10  tlie  earl  of  Traqt 
tbia  eoni>ectioti  he  was  always  MOsMoiDCd  to  apeak  with  i 
gratitude,  as  having  afforded  bin  much  leinire  for  literary 
and  the  use  of  a  well  fiimiahed  library  odnurab(y  adapted  to 
in  his  faronrite  studies. 

He  left  Tnuiuaire  io  the  autumn  of  1766:  and,  oiler  a  few 
stay  in  Angus,  relumed  Io  Parli,  wbcre  he  rrmaiiicd   tb« 
winter,  during  which  he  was  muitly  in  the  kiug*s  and  o4bcr  III 
making  eitr^^ts  from  rare  books,  (Mmicolarly  Hebrew  onea.     In  i) 
spring  uf  1769.  he  returnee!   lo  Ilritain ;  and  undertooJc  the  cKargr 
a  considerable  Roman  Catholic  congregation  el  Auchiahabrig  in  Ratir 
ahUe;  vbcrc,  in  the  nimner  of  1770  he  projected  and  tniUt  et  ihi 


Ptltan.l 


AIITAKPBB  OBDDH. 


4*3 


chaprl  OD  the  •amc  ipoi  vbrrc  tbr  ol<I  one  itpoil :  ami  tooii  ifter  BMk 
(he  nlil  bouie  at  Aiichinhabrig  one  of  ttw  mo*!  nroi  nnd  Rouvenient  bv- 
longintt  ti>  thg  Romtn  Catholic  cJor^  In  Snxlwid.  Tbu  nnd  oilier 
una  vol  liable  esprnn^  encoDtbrrrxl  him  vit)i  di^bt;  from  vfaich  he  wan, 
howcrer,  rrlievcd  by  Iks  grnrrauiy  of  ihn  Uic  duke  af  Norrulk.  He 
Ihrn  thought  that  n  litllo  brm  woulil  help  him  lo  lirv  iiii>re  com- 
fortably;  but  the  iv«iill  «•*  quitr  iha  rorrr*e:  he  «k*  obt^nl  to  \x»- 
raw  mon<-y  lo  >ioek  it,  and  the  failure  of  ibive  ■ucccmvc  erupt  plntig«4 
liim  IdIu  deeper  and  diaper  dlthcullin.  Another  ctiopel.  Um,  which  ho 
built  at  Fachal)rn>,  adilrd  coiuiderably  to  bii  bonleiw.  Tli«  pubdoa- 
lion  of  hb  *  Satire**  that  yi-ar.  brouubt  him  io  Mtow  moikcy.  but  not 
*iiuu|{b.  £til),  liuwcTrr,  be  bail  aplrk  ami  hope*,  und  be  wai  nut  la 
the  end  diuippiHiitrd.  Ill  1779,  he  Irll  AuchinbaUnx,  after  having 
cMilinui'il  ituriuj{  ten  year*  in  tlie  ataidutmi  dlscfaarKe  of  llic  varioui 
dnlies  bvloogiiii;  lu  hu  paitoral  office.  Wbni  be  retired,  it  «b«  sllh 
the  mort  tioc^re  and  unfeigned  refcret  of  all  IbMe  amoBK  vhom  hr  had 
niniMMvd.  Thii  otteniloo  nhich  he  paid  lo  the  inairuelMo  of  the 
ynnng  bad  ikcrer  br«n  nurpMMd,  wid  but  ratcly  cqualletl  by  any  ofbit 
prerfeoMMn. 

His  great  teorning — which  beKBi>  now  lo  be  uoiverully  known 
Bmong  the  liu>r<ui  of  the  Norlb— ^blaiited  for  him,  in  ih«  year  1760,  b 
diploma,  cteatiflg  him  Doctor  of  Lao**  Axun  the  uDirerBiiy  of  Aber- 
deen,— an  bonottr  ibat  bad  oeter.  s!nc«  the  ReforaoliiMii  bc«D  coufer- 
i«d  by  ihai  body  on  a  Itoman  Catholic. 

About  tht«  period  Dr  Geddea  wcht  lo  London,  and  officiated  for  a 
few  month*  a*  prieti  In  the  Imperial  anbaaMdor**  ebapel,  till  it  waa 
npfire>«ed  at  (be  end  of  the  yrnr  17A0,  by  an  order  froio  the  emperor 
Joieph  I  [.  Dr  Grdilc*  oAcrirardi  preached  occaaiooally  at  iIk  ehapal 
In  Duke  >lrepL  Lincola'*  inn  Fh-Ii1<,  till  Batter.  1782,  vrhcD,  it  la  b^ 
liered,  Iw  totally  dt-ciined  the  exereiic  of  clerical  functioni. 

It  wai  Bt  a  much  earlier  period  than  thi*  thai  lie  rvmictl  a  desicn  of 
jtiving  a  i>cw  Irandntion  of  the  whole  LiiMr.  Abuut  lliv  year  I7GU  be 
began  lo  read  with  tlii«  licw ;  he  v«*  iben  acquaioted  with  only  («o 
*«niow  of  (hot  book,  the  vuljcsr  L«lifli  and  lli«  vuIrbt  English  i  with 
tbe  latter  be  Ih-ciiiim'  difiHtiifie^t  bccauae  il  was  loo  litenl.  "  When," 
be  My*,  "  from  the  uiciixil  I  iur|KKl  to  tbe  modern  ver«ion«,  my  opio- 
joo  was  Mioo  Mrvngtbrtieti  iiilu  eonviclion.  Tliere  werr  seven  modem 
vemioiM  to  which  I  had  tU-O  uoeeM— 4li«  I'rvncb.  tbe  Italian,  the 
Dutch !  und  in  Latin,  tboae  of  Maiiatar,  Caalalio.  Juninst  and  Pa||> 
ninu*.  Of  tbuw  *e*eii.  tbe  omt  wblcb  I  opened  with  prriitdlae,  waa 
the  one  which  I  r«Ml  Uiruii):h  with  ilic  KrrJteat  pk-aiute.  1  had  be«n 
laoght  to  romtiitr  Caalalio'*  tramUtioii  a*  a  prolaiie  burleaque  of  bol; 
writ.  What  wa*  my  iwrprue  to  ftadi  that  be  had  Mixed  ibi-  »rry  »iririt 
flf  the  oei|:inal,  and  trannl'uaeil  it  into  eb'tEant  Laiiu.  I  mw,  iudeeit,  and 
was  Koery  to  mh-,  thai,  ihraujib  bis  exoewiva  ralnemcni,  a  part  of  tbe 
•ioipLicily  uf  hi*  onxiiial  had  erniiurwled  in  tba  opention :  and.  in  ibia 
taapiel.  bk  vtm«on  i*  Inferior  lo  the  Valfalei  but  uill  ilie  tplrit  of 
Um  ueifinat  i»  ibtee :  wbrfvai,  tbU  of  k»  ecmlnsl,  Pajtuintu,  appear* 
like  an  bIbiosI  bmthlna  body,  dnwtiM  along  ■!•  bniba  in  ifae  inoM 
awkward  and  clumsy  mannert  yM  tbl*  ngninna  baa  baea  tba  gMMnl 
HMxld  of  vtnwcuUr  Tersiona." 

Ur  Qaddaa  now  rewleed  lo  cwenle  a  fr*t  Iranslnlinn  of  ihp  Setlp- 

VII.  8  11 


4» 


XCCLESIASTICAI.  SHIKS. 


I*- 


tort*.     After  Ii«  had  spent  mnrh  of  bin  Uft  in  Biblical  ^*^t^fr^  ktM 

plaini  of  liaving  met  with  a  long  anil  cruel   intrrmpcioo  ta  thA,  ^ 

iwy*.  "  I  had  bat  liitla  bopc*  of  evft  bring  in   a  Mtuaiioa  to  !«■» 

r4hein.  wben  ProTidraos  tbfrw  mr  into  thv  anna  of  sack  a  poaa 

Origen  bLmwIf  might  han  U^rn  prntid  la  boast  of  -  ■  pairaa,  «H  If 

-thcM  ten  vrar*  pa*t,  bnx,  with  a  dignity:  peculiar  to  biniMK  ifc*! 

,  me  every  eonrenicocy  that  tay  heart  coald  d«*ire,  towanfa  Acob^ 

log  on  and  romplcting  of  mj  arduoo*  work." 

•    While  I.ord  I'ctrr'i  gcocroaity  •ecnrvd  to  oar  antlior  all  iJhaaaftB 
of  life,  and  all  ibn  nicaat  ueceatory  to  procrcd  wiib   hia  muk,  tm 
iicvertheleM  inadcqoate  to  iodefRnily  him  in  tlte  expeoM*  of  Ik  P* 
Tilt-  Bubtrribcn  were  few  in  compvriiOB  of  tfa«  n^aiiade  of  b  arf* 
taking ;  and   the  volunM's  were  Satabed  in  a  atfle  ao  liaiwlH^i.  ^ 
even  rxprnsivc,  that  lillle  or  purliapa  acareHy  any  prafit  iwiM  tot 
BccniTil  lo  the  author  bad  the  whole  imprwion    bevn  aoW.    lik 
year  1792,  the  fint  vultiaitr  of  Ibi*  work,  diedieatrd  to  hb  palroa,  L*< 
Petre,  and  containitiK   tfaL-  fint  six  books  of  the  Old   TcvlamK  ■• 
publt*hed.     TbM,  he  iiirumM.-d  tht'  poblie,  had  been  delayed  MOtcte 
a  year  by  a  combioalioii  of  (.-auies  aud  circumstanecW)  wbick  be  a' 
nrithrr  foresee  nor  pri^vcnt  ;  the  priocipal  of  wliicb  was  a  Iobc  Mfwrf 
bad  hralib,  and  a  lowueM  of  ajMrits  which  accompanied  it.      •*  A  Aa- 
■ftmmf  fcvcT."  »a}*«  III',  "  and  its  lasting  consequeoc<«  pat  a  »(op  ia(k 
preat-work   for  a  whole  year.       Thin  waa   lo   br.   submitted   la  *)ft 
Christian  mignattou  ;  but  (be  mba  I  have  reedvnl  from  bumaa  aatf 
nancy  ar<!  a  trial  of  puiiirnce  not  uaaily  borne,     ^N'ill   It  br  rvMltfj  i» 
lieved  that  lhc*«  ruba  haro  cliie6y  b««n  rabed  by  prnfi  rjud  fillirfai 
— 17  member*  of  that  Tcry  body  wbicb  I  principally  meant  to  miti, 
by  nine  own  brrthrra,  if  brethren  they  may  be  callnl.  wfao  *  ait  4m* 
anil  (prak  against  their  brother,  and  alaailcr  tbcir  ova  motbor'a  rmV 
Ignorance,  cnry,  and  malice,  in  the  various  abaprs  of  Moaka,   F(te\ 
and   Witlinga,  hare   brrn  buRy   (beae   ten  yean  in   d«pr«eiaiit«  wq 
laboor*,  and  aiwn)»innling  my  reputation." 

Soon  after  the  publication  of  this  rolume,  three  Vican  Apoataitv 
Myling  theniM-lves  the  bishop*  of  Rama.  Acoulhos,  and  Ceaturwi  »■ 
•ued  a  Pastoral  Letter,  addrewcil  to  their  respective  floefcat  aaiilit 
then  agalntt  the  reception  and  turn  of  Dr  Geddea'  nfalon.  Thia  tpk- 
oepal  alreich  of  power,  as  Dr  Gctldaa  ooaeeived  it  to  be.  oceaaiooed  a 

cormpondenee  between  him  and  the  biahc^  of  CenluriR  ;  in  the  < 

of  which  Ibe  prelate,  availing  himself  of  the  autliorlty  belonging  w  L_ 
office,  declared  the  doctor  suspended  from  the  ezerciae  ofhU  mlialii 
lical  function*,  unlcw  wirhln  the  conntc  of  d  few  du_v>  he  should  algnSy 
his  sulimtuion  to  an  injunction  contained  in  the  Pastoral  Letter.  Tbe 
doctor  BOS  not  a  whit  deterred  by  thin  threat,  and  In  a  !>hort  time  albe- 
nirds  he  publulieil  a  much  lonitrr  letter  to  the  bttliop  with  a  abort  pn. 
face  addrcsacd  to  (be  Bnglisb  Catholics  in  which  he  aaya :  "  I  trait  *« 
will  not  deem  it  jrrcsumption  in  mc  to  grapple  with  the  bishopM ;  ka- 
deed,  I  would  boldly  grapple  with  pope*,  if  |jo;ie«  dared  to  tnjar«  -m 
Oaf  Calhollo  aiKwatora  frMjucntly  grappled  with  ibem,  and  — — 'jimra 

eaaie  off  rlctorioiH.     A  pope, — and  eonsequeiiily  a  bithop, may 

wT«i«g,  oad  If  be  do  wrong,  may  be  told  of  it  even  by  an  inferior.*' 
MM  not  (ill  the  year  1797,  that  the  *ccood  trolnmc  of  the  ■  Ti 
waa  giren  to  the  world.     It  waa  dedicated  lo  her  royal  b^b 


do 


Finiea.] 


ALBXANDIH  OIDSKI. 


taa 


Ihv  iJucbfH  of  Gloucc*tcr,  as  an  '*  early,  cpoiiUnroiis,  and  liberal  eii- 
COuragcr  of  (be  work."  In  llui  prtlaoc  to  this  voluoie,  Dr  Geddca 
boldly  coDtrovcrU  ilic  ductrinr  of  lh«  alwolulc  and  pleiwir  iMplratioti 
of  Uia  scriptures :  lie  mtuidrn  the  Hcbrc-vr  histuriaiM  la  bavc  writlen 
fram  such  boinan  document*  at  lliey  eouM  find,  and  that  mawqupntly 
tbry  were  liable  to  mialakc*.  Id  the  scak  i>f  merit,  be  nnks  tb«m 
tnucb  lower  t]ian  the  mure  celebrated  butorian*  of  Gn.-ecc  and  Itome, 
becnuie.  ailcr  carefully  perusing  tliero,  and  pr«}perly  appreoiaiing  tlieiT 
value,  be  waa  Naablc,  as  be  iliuugtit.  to  find  in  the  HcWew  writcn  that 
elegance,  correctneai,  and  lucid  urder,  wbicb  were  to  be  fouod  in  tbo 
Greeks  and  Boroana.  In  hii  volunc  of  '  Critical  Rrinaiks,'  publiihed 
in  thr  year  ISOO,  Le  entered  into  a  vindication  of  his  theory. 

Btnidrs  tile  irauslatioii  of  ihi-  eiirly  books  of  the  Bible,  and  tbe 
■Critical  Brmiuk*.'  Dr  Gedden  wrote  'The  Priwpccliu  of  a  New 
Trantlaiioii  i>f  the  BiWc,"  4to.  1786*—'  A  Letter  to  the  Bishop  of  Liwi- 
don  on  (be  tame  subject.'  1 787.  Hia  proposals  mtam  out  in  1 788-  In 
lli«  year  1790,  be  published  a  '(ifnerai  Aoswer  to  Uia  tjnpiies.  Coud- 
■els,  nnd  Criticunis  mproing  ihn  intendnl  I'ranslition.'  In  1793,  Iw 
WTOt«  nn  *  Address  to  tbc  Pnblic  on  the  Publicatico  of  his  New  Trans- 
hltiOD  :*  and  in  the  succeicding  yrar,  his  letter  tn,  and  correspondence 
Wllb,  tbo  bishop  of  Cetiluriaj,  were  piiblii-lK^L  As  n  ronlmvemialirt, 
Dr  Gcddea  dislinpiishnl  himself  in  (he  ye^r  17R7,  by  a  'Letter  lo 
Dr  Priesdey.  in  Hpfrnec  i>f  the  Divinity  of  Jesus  ('hria  i  ond, «  '  Lelier 
lo  a  Mi-rnlxT  of  PnrliainenL  on  the  espedirney  of  a  gODoral  repeal  of 
all  pcosi  staiuKs  tliat  rr^rd  rrlifEMws  opinioiu.'  In  a  '  Modest  Apol- 
ogy for  the  Roman  Catholk*  of  Gmt  Britain,'  pnblisbrd  in  th«  spring 
of  l&OO,  Df  Geddea  displayed  iddcIi  leal  in  defence  of  the  tenet*  to 
wbiob  be  adh«re>l,  aiwl  great  aioderatioa  when  descaniinf;  upoa  tbo  Ib* 
juries  to  which  hiniM-lf  aad  brethren  were  lubjeet,  by  tbo  cotninuance 
of  pctvcntiog  laws.  In  punning  bit  greul  worit,  Dr  Geddea  ioietided 
next  lo  have  pmenlcd  (be  wortd  with  a  new  irantlallon  of  the  book  of 
I^lnu.  During  the  lat t  wbole  year  of  hit  lifr,  bit  rtodiM  and  lilcisrj 
laboun  were  gniuly  bUmpted  by  a  toog  tcric*  of  piinful  ofBidioa, 
yet  in  evenr  iaterral  of  mm  he  applied  to  a  work  in  ahich  his  heart 
waa  eng^ed.  He  bad  alrvwly  printed  in  ootaro  tiu  odc  hundred  sod 
four  of  the  Psalms,  end  bad  prepared  completely  for  tbe  peea*  «  Ikr  w 
Ike  lldth  Pialro.  when  he  «»  nrrptted  by  a  ttoet  pmoful  aad  escTttci- 
ating  dlaotder,  «hich  icnuiuaicd  bit  lib  on  lh«  S6th  of  February, 
1603. 

Dr  John  Mason  Good  publisJied  *  Memoir*  of  ibe  Life  and  Wriiines 
of  Dr  G«Mes,'  in  tS03.  Tlie  following  ia  a  |>artion  of  the  Wognphe^a 
general  tkelcb  of  the  doctor's  character :  "  la  hit  eoqtoreal  make  be  «m 
3ender,  and  in  the  bold  and  lonnldaMc  ouilinea  of  bitcotinienance,  not 
highly  prepautMiiig  oa  a  flrM  inlervlcw:  but  Mirer  wat  there  a  face  or 
furm  through  wbicb  tbe  toul  developed  itaclf  mote  coffipMely  ll>an 
Ibrougb  hit  own.  Every  b«tare.  and  indeed  rvi-ry  timb,  was  in  liar> 
inony  with  tbe  rutin-  systeBi,  and  dupUyrd  the  rcstlna  anil  Indefolig- 
able  oprratioot  of  the  interior  of  the  niMbine.  A  play  of  chrrrhilBeta 
beantcd  unifonnly  ^m  hi*  cheekt.  and  hi*  animateil  eyr«  rat  Iter  darted 
IImo  luoltrd  beBtmlraee.  Yet  tuck  was  the  irriubilUy  of  hit  nerves, 
ihst  a  sligbl  dogrw  of  ofipoailion  lo  hi*  opinions,  and  t-Bpecially  when 
■dvaaccd  by  peraou  whose  mental  power*  did  not  warrant  tuch  opfie- 


4M 


BCCLUIASTiCAL  ftSRII 


r»- 


Mlioii,  put  Id  iiglil  in  ■  DMiBMit  tbe  ■Muni   eharftcter  oT  bit  wmtm- 
met,  and  cbeerfulsfM  and  bMwnlcikoe  were  exebonged  far  entirii> 
tioii  anil  tumuli.     Of  tbia  pkyaicn)  AnH  nrexnltble   itnpolae  ia  lilM- 
■(tlutkin>  DO  man  waa  ntorc  tboroughiv  «riHible  tliao  htiMeir:  mlt» 
nan  cirer  Ima  lUMveded  in  subduiog  il,  do  nian  ever  bM>k  men  pm 
to  Dblain  a  victory.     L«t  ui,  iMwever,  fairly  mrikc  the  iMlsowtaBlM 
•ball  liiid,  iltat  if  hucIi  a  peculiar  eonatraclion  of  body  lad  tb  e*i,l 
alao  bad  ita  adTanUf^;  aud  thai  tbe  Tery  trritabililjr  of  aoal  >W 
occaaiuoally  bunied  tiiiii,  againM  Lit  oofiMnt.  into  m  *>olcor«  of  eaat' 
venty  not  prrfi^tly  ooasiBUot  witli  Ihe  polished    mnnam  of  tW  Af; 
liDrried  biui  a  Ibuuaand  lini««  ollfl>er,  and  with  a  tbatx**o<i   tii 
rapidily,  broanw  aMMtd  inslrad  of  oppoMd  by  bis  Jud|tmejtt, 
«f  kiodni'H  and  bfDeioleBw.     Tlie  momrol  be  brbeld  ibe 
of  damn  good  by  Lia  own  exertioiia,  ibe  good  was   in<iiaolly 
thodgh  it  w«re  to  a  man  who,  perhaps,  bad  ctuiftr*»ly  qonrrrlMwiS 
hioi  a  few  honra  before.     It  wm  not  iD  bit  nature  to    pauM<.  wiikitf 
acadi<niic  and  eold-blooded   pbiloiopbera  of  ibe  pi-Rwnt  day,  Ifctf  h 
niglit  Snt  weigb  tb«  piM-iae  demand  of  inoral  or  politjcral  jattiet,  td 
inqnirv  into  the  adfantage  Ibat  wontd  ncenia  to  bini^]f,  or  b  «W 
manner  tbe  world  at  large  nighl  be  benefifrd  rilbrr   by  a  good  aam 
or  a  Rood  example:  it  was  Mimulua  enough  for  him  tdnt  diairac  a- 
iaied,  and  that  he  ItDew  it,— and  it  aftenrarda  aflbrdpd  bim  niMfat 
liuu   enout;b,  ibat  he   had  removed  or  niltigated   it.      Iq    iotrllccliri 
islenta,  b«  had  few  equab,  and  fewer  still  who  had   imprtircd  tke  m» 
ttaeitta  of  equal  taleuU  in  an  equal  degrcip-     To  an  ardent  tJ>in4  tfbr 
knowledge,  in  all  its  mulliludinoaa  rain)licsiioot>,  be  added  na  aMooMk- 
iag  fiwilily  iu  acquirinft  and  rclnioin^  it  i  and  ao  eslensivc  wmm  hb  *n- 
dhion.  that  it  wiu  difficult  to  ttart  a  subject  bio  which    hv  co«M  «• 
enter,  and  be  beard  wiili  both  nllmtioD  and  profit.      But  iheolofn-  bM 
th«  prime  object  of  hia  )ior*uita,  tbe  dorlinfc  *deace  of  hia  heart,  i  — 

be  bad  iiidtrali);nbly  itadird  from  bis  infancy,  and  to  wbfefa  evcrv 

Dcquisitiun  waamode  to  bmd.     From  his  rtrbal  knowledge  of  tbe  BiUf^ 
lie  migbl  bnve  been  regarded  oa  a  li*>ng  coaeordaneo  i  and   tUi  Hi 
with  mpcci  ti>  any  Initnidual  faiDguage  alone,  or  the  vuiotu 
ruderinga  of  any  tD<lividunl  language,  but  a  ooBCordaace   tbai 
eompriae  iba  bcM  cMmpUn  of  lh<-  moat  oelebnied  tongues  into 
the  Biblu  baa  errt  beta  Iranalaied.     Aa  an  inlerprrler  of  it. 
■iridiy  faithful  and  lioocM  to  the  meaning,  or  what  hi-  appr»h 

be  the  nitaniiig,  of  hia  original;  and   thuuf-h,   in  h»  criiieal 

upou  the  trxl,  ho  allowed  hiniBeira  latitude  and  btrfdoeas  trbicb  Iirfi 
hb  popttkriiy,  and  drew  dovD  iipoo  hit  bead  a  torrent  of  abotite  m. 
prlUlioRk.  how  »cldom  hare  «e  aeen  a  maD  lyileiMiicalty  eduratrd 
lb*  flhtracMTiftic  leneta  of  uny  eatahliihed  community  whataovver 
•apMlally  of  the  church  of  Koni*',  who,  wh«u  be  hat  once  b^fBo  to 
hi*  indi'peudctirr,  and  hat  dclrnninMl  lo  thake  off  hii  feiirr*,  and 
ibink  l<ir  btnuelf,  ha*  ool  Bowu  much  l^nber  fkotu  Um-  fjuaJ  at  wfaJob  ba 
ttartad." 


i  am 


rui»i 


4S9 


AoI)n  Crstttnr,  39.9. 


A.V.  \m.—M*i>  jk.o.  isoa 


Thb  grandfnibcr  of  Dr  Ivnkinft  triu  Limtcnant  Colonel  John 
EnkinF,  »on  or  llnnry,  Mfond  Lriril  Canlrou,  nbn  luffr-rrd  nrvrri'ly 
duriiif  (be  tyrannical  rrtgn  of  Cliaries  tiK  Sraind.  on  SMOunt  of  lii* 
tllachiiieiit  to  pmbyirrian  principtr*.  Colaarl  Erykinr,  wiio  («ra|)«d 
to  [lollnnd  uniirr  nirctiimiaiietn  of  jeopardy  during  ihn  reign  of  JamM 
tlir  SccoDil,  wa>  oii«  ol'  the  nitwl  xralous  i>u|ipo*t«n  of  llis  revolution  in 
1C66,  a  warm  friend  of  ibc  llaaovrr  lueM^^ioB,  and  b  determined  nnil 
coOKiriiiiou*  ailhpmit  lo  th^;  church  of  tieotland.  Many  anecdotes 
am  Mill  loU  of  Uii*  mpectable  gtintlcman,  illuiU-aJirc  of  hin  pecutiari> 
tin  09  «  man,  hi«  uiiLiriKliiig  pulilica  a«  a  wbig,  and  liia  conduct  tu  k 
Cliimtaii.  Hin  f(ilier  wu  th*:  i-ldect  mm  of  ilie  ooloarl,  aod  **«  bred 
lo  ih«  profMttnn  of  the  law.  He  «a»  for  rofiny  yrm  pn>fe««or  of 
SooU  law  rn  the  unirrrtily  of  Edii&urgk,  anil  vhiie  in  ihii  officv  pub- 
liiJieil  *  In«lilute«  of  ibe  Lair  of  Sooiland,*  which  conlinurt  to  lliia  day 
tbe  aUodard  book  of  refrrencc  in  the  court*  of  thai  eounlry. 

Mr  Er*kinr.  hi«  eltleM  «on,  won  horn  on  the  'Sd  of  June,  1731.  Hii 
■lulher  wsA  llie  daoghlcr  of  the  Hon.  Jatno  Melviile,  of  Bilgarvio,  in 
tiM  cowaljr  of  FU*.  He  reeeivcd  the  nidimcnt*  of  hi*  cliuttctJ  «<tucfr 
lion.  owiitMl  by  a  priratc  tutor,  at  tba  tcnool  of  Cupar,  in  Fifci  whera 
hi*  grandmother  lived:  and  at  the  bigh-sdiool  of  Ediiihiirgh,  and  ra- 
t*r«d  lli«  univently  lbrr«  umdc  time  betweMi  1733  and  I7S7,  At 
ibii  period  *«veml  of  Iba  chair*  were  occupied  by  nten  of  ooiitldenUe 
entioeooe.  Sir  John  I'rioglv,  alio  waa  allcrward*  prp*id«nt  of  tbe 
Royal  uicieiy  of  London,  wit*  proA^aor  of  moral  pUlloM>p)iy ;  and  of 
kit  lecture*  in  thia  iniporlaot  dqiartnwnt.  Dr  Erakioe  *|ieak*  with  higb 
■pprubAriun.  in  tbe  apptndix  lo  bia  mtimni  on  tbe  d«*tb  of  Ur  Robert- 

•OB. 

Dr  Ertkine  woa  not  originally  dotiucd  lor  the  niaistry.  It  wa*  iba 
sUh  of  hi*  lamily  ibat  he  »ho«ld  dcvow  bU  life  lo  the  pracliM  of  tbe 
law  :  a  profcUHM  in  which  bia  lather  bad  ac4|uircd  dblingui>hi-d  repa- 
Ution,  uhI  wherci  lud  he  appUcd  hinutelf,  be  had  everj'  ciieoiirat;rmmt 
10  expect  it*  boooan  ud  caioluoieol*.  Indeed  be  attended  the  Uw 
di«aw  iHa  bia  oouiw  of  pfailowpliy  wa*  fis>«kcd«  and  no  donbl  oAer- 
wud*  etpCfioMed  the  b«ai-1il  of  iliete  Mudi**.  Bat  noibinit  eeald  dl. 
Tert  hi*  arind  frtwi  tbe  great  ck^tct  (o  wbieb  be  deteraincd  to  devoM 
bb  tina  ud  Mt  tiknt*.  Hi*  ■ttMbaunt  lo  tbe  ninfatry  of  the  goepd 
CDMaerMl  tbe  pride  of  bnilyi  tbe  lore  «f  boiKHir,  and  iho  lemptaiion 
df  rtcbee  It  vwiM  apprir  Ihil  be  bad  eOBadtrable  >]iHiculiy  in  ob- 
Ikiaing  Ua  Ibtber'*  ean<H-nt:  Ibeegb  there  is  bo  fbundatioo  whatever 
far  the  eatertloB  of  Vr'arburtoii.  in  one  of  hi*  letlef*  lo  Hurd.  tbu  hie 
bther  di*inli«ritcd  hint  on  Ihi*  account.  In  a  letter  to  Dr  Doddtidgi^ 
ho  bod  coniinuhicated  a  copy  of  tb*  rcaaon*  wbwb  be  bed  oaMgned  (o 
hia  father  tn  juatifioation  of  hi*  choice.  To  llii*  tlio  doctor  refer*  in  hi* 
•B*wer,  dated  NortheBipton.  June  lllli,  1749: — •■  I'he  acoouot  which 
you  gav*  lo  your  worthy  father,  of  (he  mutiee*  which  deteraiacd  your 
reH)4Dllon  to  <  nter  on  the  vtin'Mry,  in  thai  eKCvllenl  Ictlrr  which  you 


4S0  KCCLESIASTICAI.  SBKIII.  [!<□>•■ 

fovoured  me  with  a  copy  or,  abundantly  convinces  me  that  you  were 
indeed  under  a  diviae  guidance  in  that  resolution.  And  1  cannot  bat 
look  on  it  as  a  great  token  for  good  to  the  cburch,  that  a  gentleman  ol 
your  distinguished  abilities,  (of  which  the  pamphlet  you  sent  me  ia  a 
valuable  specimen,)  and  of  your  elevated  circunutancea  in  human  life, 
should  he  trilling  to  eogage  in  to  laborious  a  work  as  the  miniatrjr,  tn 
the  midst  of  the  various  discouragements  which  attend  it.  I  hope  God 
will  abundautly  bless  your  labours  for  the  good  of  souls ;  and  I  will 
venture  to  lell  you  from  my  own  experience,  that  if  he  does  so,  instead 
of  repenting  of  your  choice,  you  will  rejoice  in  it  through  the  coune  of 
your  life,  and  in  the  nearest  prospect  of  eternity." 

The  anonymous  pamphlet  referred  to  in  this  letter,  was  written  by 
Dr  Erskine  when  he  was  little  more  than  twenty  years  of  age,  and 
more  tliao  two  years  before  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  It  was  entitled, 
*  The  law  of  nature  sulGciently  propagated  to  the  heathen  worid ;  or, 
an  inquiry  into  the  ability  of  the  heatbens  to  discover  the  being  of  a 
God,  and  the  immortality  of  human  souls,  in  some  miscellaneous  r^ 
flections,  occasioned  by  Dr  Campbell's  (the  professor  of  divinity  in  the 
university  of  St  Andrews)  late  treatise  on  the  necessity  of  revelation: 
1711.'  The  work  of  Dr  Campbell's,  to  part  of  which  this  a  a  reply, 
though  written  professedly  to  serve  the  cause  of  Christianity,  was  con- 
sidered by  many  a  covert  attack  upon  it.  It  produced  a  considerable 
ferment  in  the  church  of  Scotland,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  convict 
the  professor  of  heresy ;  but  whicli  was  defeated  by  the  strength  of 
those  whom  Warburton  terms,  the  paganized  divines,  in  the  general 
assembly.  The  position  examined  by  Dr  Erskine,  is  not,  perhape,  the 
most  dangerous  of  Campbell's  doctrines  ;  but  as  a  part  of  his  system, 
which  maintained,  "  that  the  religion  of  nature  is  our  moat  v^uable 
property,  and  the  only  sure  means  of  our  lasting  happiness,"  it  deserved 
consideration.  Whether  Dr  Erskine  has  succeeded  in  his  attempt  to 
overthrow  the  argument  of  h'u  opponent  or  not,  it  must  be  admitted 
that  his  pamphlet  discovers  a  large  portion  of  solid  learning,  extensive 
reading,  and  acute  rea^ning.  This  treatise  was  the  means  of  leading 
to  a  correspondence  with  Warburton,  to  whom  Dr  Erskine  bad  seat  it, 
which  continued  at  intervals  during  the  whole  period  of  that  prelate's 
lile,  and  through  the  entire  course  of  which,  the  bishop  treated  hia 
presbyterian  correspondent  with  a  degree  of  respect  and  kindness,  he 
scarcely  showed  to  any  other  individual. 

Dr  Erskine  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel,  by  the  presbytery  o( 
Dunblane,  in  the  year  1743,  and  preached  his  first  public  sermon  is 
the  church  of  Torryburn,  of  which  parish  he  was  afterward*  patron, 
from  Psalm  Uixiv.  10,  a  passage  remarkably  suitable  to  his  own 
circumstances  and  feelings.  He  had  before  this  communicated  hia  de- 
termination to  enter  into  the  ministry  to  Warburton,  and  some  time 
afler  received  from  him  an  answer,  part  of  which  we  stall  extract,  as 
an  illustration  of  the  kind  of  intercourse  that  subsisted  between  two 
individuals,  the  opposite  of  each  other  in  almost  every  thing  but  acute- 
nesB  and  strength  of  mind  ;  and  to  show  the  opinion  which  Dr  Ers- 
kine seems  to  have  entertained  of  some  of  the  doctrines  of  hia  own 
church.  It  is  dated  Newark,  February  20th,  1744,  "  I  heartily  feli- 
citate you  on  your  choice  of  the  better  part.  You  have  an  advantage 
that  numbers  may  envy,  in  going  to  divinity  from  the  study  of  ciril 


FimDn-l 


jonx  iKSKiKs. 


*4tt 


Uw.  1  nm  pli^OMHl  too  with  jroar  now  choice  on  another  aeeount : 
you  will  now  be  at  kisun;  to  dijteit  those  just  and  ooble  ihonRhta 
whicli  you  have  on  the  nKWt  imporUnt  nulyect  of  aiitiquily .  aiid  1  be^ 
leave  id  ur^e  and  pfSM  ywi  to  punae  tbetn.  One  wIk)  can  write  with 
that  loaruing,  [ircciMon,  and  force  of  rfainn.  with  whicfl  jou  bav«  con> 
futn)  Campbell,  ought  never  U>  have  ha  pen  out  of  hi*  haoi).  What 
fon  tay  of  lh«  state  of  leaning  wd  religion  nninng  you  i*  very  curioui, 
but  very  meUnoholy.  I  And  th«re  i«  not  a  rvigniog  folly  or  p«rver*ily 
uaomg  our  ckr^.  Imt  your*  hav«  got  il.     The  paf^niud  ilivinea  you 

rk  of,  are  what  fomeriy  pojiM^l  anioiiK  u>  ondcr  ihn  namp  nf  Latitu- 
rian,  of  late.  Bangorian  divim^t.  Hut  Socinu*  lies  ul  tlic  root.  I 
think  Toiand  wiu  not  much  out  wbrn  hr  mid,  ihv  MahonicUDt  «i>ro  ■ 
lort  of  Chri^tinim,  and  not  the  wont  M>rl  nnlhcr.  In  niiotlirr  thing 
too,  ibcy  prrfcctty  agree  with  oon,  and  that  i>,  in  the  Inrj^  esirnt  of 
tbrir  consciences,  a*  well  a*  iboughts.  Houoter.  I  think  llin  uitxt  you 
mention,  are  of  a  Uill  moTV  danf;erou*  aort  of  madmen,  with  their  yf^r^ 
^Mrtptfiim,  ihoM  "bo  fe^r  lo  touch  upon  lellm  at  all.  Indent  tho  other 
wri  have  iliown,  ihat 

,  •  Thalt  ituillair  itrauthls  IntuxiaUs  Iha  btjiia ; 

■  Bol  dtioklog  lugiljr  Mtbin  Ihtm  i^ain.' '' 

In  May,  1744,  Dr  Kii^kine  wa>  appoinled  to  the  charge  of  Ih*  pariah 
of  Kirkinlnlloch,  eooUiioing  a  largo  population,  in  the  nnghbonrkood 
of  GU*gow. 

In  the  year  1741,  2,  and  8.  Mr  Whilefleid  had  ^itited  Scotland,  in 
C0DM«iuenee  of  prea«ing  tolicitalion ;  and  ber«,  a«  ia  all  other  place*, 
ke  wu  received  with  distinguUlied  attention.  He  wa«  admitted  to  the 
pulpiu  of  nuay  of  lh4>  eatabliihcd  c4cr{^,  (a  pri*ilr)[c  be  could  not  now 
mjoy,)  and,  ainoiij:  the  rM,  lo  that  of  Dr  Eniine.  Tbe  doctor  wm 
well  Be<|uainted  with  his  labount,  while  he  had  been  rtudent  ot  divinity 
at  Edinburgh.  He  aannly  eapowaed  hi*  cauae,  and  contktered  binwir 
boun^l  to  defend  the  character  and  priaciptea  of  that  niueb  injured  man. 
On  m  vfaU  to  the  weit  counlry,  where  bla  laboun  at  ■  former  period 
bad  been  e<oin«itty  birred,  he  wm  «ordiully  weleoBied  to  the  pulpit  of 
Dr  Ersfcine,  and  vf  loioe  of  hia  pioua  friend*  on  tlie  »an»o  aide  of  the 
ehurch.  Thi*  librrality  waa  no*  relished  by  aoino  of  hia  clerical 
brethren.  A  niolton  waa  nude  at  a  neetijig  of  tbe  synod  at  GIa*£ow, 
in  Ooiober,  1748,  with  spcein]  relcrcnc«  to  Mr  Wluiefirld,  who  bad 
Jut  becD  in  that  dialricl,  ■  That  nOBtlnUter  in  thvir  liound*  should  en- 
ploy  ■  ttrtngCf  of  doubtful  ebaraeter,  till  after  coiMultiiig  his  preaby- 
tery/  Thia  producnl  an  animated  and  proUioged  debate,  in  which  Dr 
Eniine  took  an  adii'e  pan.  and  of  which  he  afletuanlt  published  a 
abort  Bcecmnt.  without  hi*  name. 

No  ciromatance  relating  to  Dr  Erakiiw  »  more  intereeiing  than  the 
ntoaaira  mwiapoaJence  wbkh  he  niaintunad  with  eminent  men  in  all 
pttrta  of  ibe  worid.Bbout  the  state  aod  procreaa  of  religion  and  lc«ming. 
and  particularly  of  divine  knowledge-  With  America,  hw  tntrrraarse 
began  at  a  very  early  period,  and  perbepa  there  were  few  of  itt  mOM 
etlebraled  writer*,  or  pteacber*,  or  men  of  emipenc«  in  d*il  \itr,  with 
whom  be  did  not  exchange  books  ami  letter*.  For  more  than  half  a 
century  he  wm  the  crnire  of  one  of  the  noM  eiWMive  religmus  circle* 
in  Great  Britain,  or  perhapa  ik  tbe  world.     Thi*  wm  the  elfeci  e(  hir 


49i  ecCl.»IA*TICJ>L  SKKmL  -Uni 

ausiciy  to  ooUeci  iatomuioD,  to  diffuM  tW  fcixiwlnlgg  of  dime  nu 
and  to  promote  the  iniemto  of  tke  U^dD^  of  Cbffift  mnatf  an 
The-  celebnted  Juoatkan  Ed«udi  «««  one  of  faig  earfim  ad  ■■ 
esteemed  tnn«aiUDtic  cormpoiMlenu.  For  ih»t  dmccd  mtom  ■' 
Jems  Cbrut,  he  entertaJDMl  the  bigbnt  aSrOiou  and  rwpwt;  fimw 
vritin^  be  bad  deriTed  great  iiMtrnetiaii,  and  m)  mail  did  fo  ■«!  ■ 
pramote  ibeir  cirrutatioa  in  hi«  o«n  eonntiT'.  To  aMJit  Uia  ii  orr- 
inf  on  ibe  Armlaian  contn>Ter»y,  Dr  Ervkioe  amt  hia  — —  u^ 
boolu,  and,  by  bis  advice  and  exbortatioiM,  powerfallj  cMitrilwvil  ■ 
the  produrtion  or  some  of  hit  mo*t  raloable  poblieationa-  Id  tae  ar- 
il) g  Hrcumiuaces  attending  Mr  Ed«anb'  dtaaiiaKMii)  fttmLattat 
ia  Nonbamptoo,  Dr  Enkiae  felt  deeply  inierertMl,  and  both  biM 
■jmpalhy,  and  by  BetlinE  on  foot  a  subtcripciao  far  peeoaiarv  licii 
manifested  his  love  to  this  excelleot  maa,  who  in  a  veiy  painrd  b»- 
tion  conducted  btmself  with  inucb  Chrutian  parieooe  and  fiirtitiMk. 

Some  attempt  having  been  made  to  ttill  tbe  popular  clamour oiAt 
aobjecl  of  pbiloMpbical  liberty  and  oeeenity,  raided  ia  Scotlaitd  briH 
publication  of  Lord  Kames's  Clhen  Mr  Home)  £<«*<-•,  bv  intradsee 
the  Mntimeotd  of  PrMident  Edvards,  along  vith  tho«e  of  Calria,  Tc- 
retine,  and  other  ortlitMlu^  divines,  to  jiutily  the  views  of  KamM:  X.' 
Ednarda  addressed  a  tetter  to  Dr  Er^icine,  vhicb  was  aftervsitb  pit- 
lislied  by  hiro,  as  a  letter  from  Mr  Edwards  to  a  minister  of  tbe  Aaid 
of  Scotland.  In  this  letter  be  states  the  diRercDce  between  tbe  Ckr» 
tian  doctrines  of  predestination  and  free  agency,  and  the  infidei  Ax- 
trine*  of  necessity  and  liberty,  vith  great  acntenesa.  It  is  justiv  m- 
■idered  one  of  the  ablest  Fpecimens  of  metapbyeical  reasoning  'ia  off 
language.  The  controversy  then  agitated  in  Scotland,  thoogh  arrit^ 
on  with  great  lieenneKV,  would  lead  to  too  long  details  for  our  liiiff* 
It  is  only  proper,  in  justice  to  Lord  Kames,  to  states  that  he  aftf  rwii4 
deterted  the  Mntimentu  contained  in  his  Essays. 

In  1753,  Dr  Erskioe  was  translated  from  Kirkintullocb,  to  the  baft 
of  Culrou,  where  he  remained  till  1756,  when  he  was  called  to  Edi>- 
bargh,  by  the  magistrates  and  kirk  sessioDS,  who  then  elected  the  ni>- 
ulen  of  that  city.  A  short  time  before  Dr  Eiskine  had  entered  ibt 
miiibitry,  a  most  important  aece«»ton  had  taken  place  front  tbe  establiib- 
ed  church,  the  eflicta  of  which  ere  more  evident  now  than  at  its  rom- 
mencrment.  The  resumed  exercise  of  ibe  rights  of  patronage,  mtond 
by  Queen  Anne's  Tory  mini>trr,  the  progressive  coiruption  of  doctHar. 
and  the  departure  of  the  church  of  Scotland  from  the  principles  fm 
which  it  had  suffered  and  atruggled  from  ihe  restoration  to  tbe  rvrola- 
lion,  drove  tome  of  its  most  popular  ministers  from  ita  bosom,  and 
formed  a  body  to  which  Scotland  owes  the  preservation  of  Calrinktic 
doctrine  in  many  places.  The  first  secession  look  place  in  173a,  anj 
waa  completed  in  1740,  by  the  deposition  of  eight  of  the  seceding  min- 
iaten.  This  event  was  deeply  regretted  by  the  religious  part  of  tbf 
community,  though  much  good,  as  well  as  some  evils,  have  rettiltrd 
from  it.  In  1751,  another  rent  was  made  by  tbe  deposition  of  tbe 
Kev.  Thomas  Gillevpie,  minister  of  Carnock,  (iur  refusing  to  be  present 
and  active  at  a  vinh-nt  settlement.  This  laid  the  foundation  of  the  re- 
lief body.  Gillespie  was  a  man  of  singular  piety,  and  sustained  tbe 
abock  with  great  Christian  firmneM.  Various  attempt*  were  afterwud* 
'    to  get  him  Kitored,  in  which  Dr  Enkine  took  an  aciWe  p«rt. 


1'1BI«*^] 


JOIIW  KKIKINK. 


-193 


I 

I 


In  I7iir,  l>r  ICnkiiti'  uiiO  l>r  KoImtUoh  iriTf  uuiUil  in  tli<-  Hiargc 
orilic  Olii  Grey  Fruin  pamli :  n  ronnrsion  wliirli  ^uImjiIimI  till  rhrfttalli 
nf  Dr  Kobcriiiin  io  1793,  It  in  not  isuy  lu  ri>ii<M.-ivc  two  iitilivHlunk 
mho  diffiircd  luore  ia  yptril,  (ircadiin};,  atid  Tarious  parts  of  Chrbtion 
cfaanctcr,  llian  titcte  two  nuai,  boiti  fiuinrnt.  ibougit  in  vi-ty  ililTcivnt 
ntjKirtt.  Dr  RolKtbon,  a  Biaii  of  lli«  Kixst  UHte  and  tulrnta,  aitd  i>r 
Ibi-  iiiuit  vinninft  anil  courteuus  m&iiiK-n,  bat  devoted  Io  tlic  |>uiMiit 
of  lilcTur)'  renown :  (he  leadrr  of  ilie  anti-evuiigelicat  party  in  Ibc 
ctiurcli,  and  who  cotisi(lrr«<l  Christianity  diivfly  of  importance,  an  U 
•uWrvrd  (he  intemU  of  vorldly  a^qcrendisenieiil  and  p(^iti«l  influ- 
i^ncc.  Dr  Enkioe.  a  man  ili-(r]>ly  vi-md  in  rrligioua  knowk-d)^,  d^ 
vottd  to  hb  Master's  worb,  aiid  alivi.>  lo  every  lliing  which  iuvolvt-d  his 
f[lory  ;  who  rrgarded  Chriiiiuiiity  as  a  r«*(:laii<ia  whieh  cttt^lly  rrlate* 
lu  lhin);s  invisiUe  and  et«nial  :  dead  lo  the  worid,  and  oiiibittous  only 
of  the  approbation  of  God  ;  who  was  looked  up  lo  as  Ihc  Tilfier  of  tlie 
oilhodnx  clergy,  and  us  the  Irirml  of  nil  kochI  mro  ; — In  erpry  [loint  of 
view,  it  vai  n  singular  (.yvmbi nation.  Hut  Dr  Knkiiic  hud  loiue  way 
orneooctlin^  liti  niind  to  the  jiroiiciety  of  ■  sitaation.  the  irk*»i»encM 
of  which  lie  must  )iave  fek,  in  wlikli  be  every  Lord's  day  liilrnrd  In 
i)octrti>ei  very  dtlTemit  from  his  own,  noil  had  (o  eo-oprnilc  where 
(here  eoold  be  do  COtdial  agrefnieiit.  vi-  are  bound  lo  U^licvp.  Kut  it 
oilea  gave  rise,  il  is  said,  to  railx-r  awkward  collision*,  'lite  story  is 
li>[d  (bat  III*  eollr^rue  one  (iiuraini;  liad  given  his  nodinnce  a  very 
HnKcriiig  picture  of  virtue,  e4Mic)udinf;  with  ilccUring  hii  convietion,  that 
if  ever  pcrlect  virtue  sliould  appear  on  tbc  f^ce  of  the  eartli,  ilic  world 
would  nil  down  aiid  worship  it.  Dr  Erskine  look  an  opportunity,  as 
it  n  ropoeted,  of  ndvcrling  to  llt«  same  sulrieet  in  (he  alleraoon,  and 
wltb  equal  eoiilideiiee.  nod  much  gT««t«r  iratBi  tteclarril,  lliat  when  the 
tnosl  perlcTt  virtue  that  ewr  adorBcd  humniiily,  ihicemleit  to  ibc  earth. 
tlie  world,  iustrad  of  admiring  It.  cried,  ■■  Cruciry  It,  erueify  i(." 

Soina  tioM  bcAMw  bia  onion  in  otlice  wiiti  Dr  Kiilienion,  Dr  Knkino 
WM  eDgagad  in  ■  enniraversy  with  Mr  John  WiMiy.  Me  publi^inl 
anonymously  a  small  pamphlet  eu(itk-d,  'Mr  Wc»liy'i  prineipkt  de- 
lected ;'  in  which  he  eiHleavourt  10  eipoW'  iIm-  I'Mhuiinain,  llii-  erru- 
iteouB  doclrioaai  aikd  reli|ioiia  nanageaienl  of  that  griiileiMn,  Whe- 
ther it  be  owing  to  ilw  peculiar  eliaracter  of  ihe  Scot*  |iopulation,  tlie 
IHItKrv  of  WValryin  Methodism,  or  the  unsuilublitirss  of  ils  advoenttv, 
so  it  tt,  Mr  Weslry's  system  ba«  gnineil  lewt  (nniiiiK  in  Srotlsnd  Ulan 
ill  any  other  port  of  the  world  where  it  lio*  bern  alti-nipml  (o  pUni  it. 
Mr  Wrslry  was  too  pnulent  to  enlrr  tlie  li*ls  »!'  iheoloKieal  wat&m 
with  Dr  Ershiiie  ;  hut  endeavourMt  lo  saiooth  over  the  aflair  hy  a  very 
Haltering  and  rompiimeuUry  letter  lo  him. 

Tbe  mrlanclioly  avont  of  (lie  Ametienn  war  deeply  inlvrtittiil  Dr 
RnkiiK,  both  »  a  CliriiliaD,  am)  a*  a  'ubieet  of  tirr«t  Qriimin.  Ho 
eoiiai<ler«d  tha  war  as  on  both  sides  unnatural,  «acliriMi»,  ami  iin- 
polilie.  He  puUisfaetl  >cT<-ral  pamphlrt*  befon-  it*  e<>iunirurrnieiH. 
nod  during  it*  pngrtw^  which  are  writlcn  mill  abikly,  anil  eniidour, 
hut  whieb  need  only  now  (o  Ik  (hns  ^bm^d  at.  In  llw  CathoKe  ooik 
irovrrsy  in  1779  and  ITtW,  Ih  iooIl  an  arliie  part.  He  dmalwl  tha 
prOgKM  ol  pOjKTry,  tMlb  ■(  hunie  oiiii  abruoil.  nnd  (lMiip;bt  it  liis  duty 
to  warn  bis  eouiilr^nien  U(;ain*l  ils  diUi;;rrous  ikictrinrsi,  and  iiiiidious 
•Ibk.     I'bc  ImI)  of  I7HU,  for  relieving  tli«  Kwinan  Catliolic*.  pratueetl 

VII.  3  I 


494 


ECCLUIAlTtCAL  SBKIBt, 


CN. 


r 


In  Seottand  a  viulcut  ftrmicnl.  Ur  Emkine  «fu  oppowd  to  the  bill, 
■Kit  oa  aa  enemy  la  religioia  lilxriy,  or  a»  advene  to  all  clnaaea  of  n- 
tigioua  pertons,  of  whatever  «'iilii»ents  enjoying  ihe  um«  pririlrgn; 
liul  because  lie  considered  pop«ry  bolli  as  a  political  and  a  |i«n«euliiy 

On  the  tubjecl  of  the  Catliolic  cooiroverejr.  Or  Campbell,  at  Abvr- 
dcen,  look  llie  opposite  dide  lo  Dr  Enkioe,  and  published  a  vrry  mm*- 
tprljr  '  ^liiUces  to  the  people  of  Scolluul,  upon  tlie  alatiM  that  har* 
bam  mited  >ii  rejtiird  (o  Popery ,'  Tht-  geyeral  DMenbly,  ou  ihe  ulh«r 
tiaad,  lupporled.ilic  vicu's  or  Ur  LrekiiK,  aod  ddibcratt.-ly  dcciiWd 
agaiDtit  the  Cailiolic  claims. 

Ue*iiilcc  llie  publications  already  noticed,  aiid  variovs  others  wf  1h« 
^itoral  inWresI)  Dr  Erskinc  was  iImi  nnihor  of  two  volume*  of  tM'muuM, 
tbc  one  published  by  biinseir  in  179S,  nnd  tlto  otlwr  edited  after  liia 
tloath  by  Sir  Harry  Moncrieff,  and  puhlislird  iu  ]80t.  'l'he«e  toIvmm 
contain  specinieDs  of  hu  preaching,  Trom  1 743  to  ISOi, 

T1i«  aenuons  of  Ur  Erakine  sru  distiitguitlml  not  by  UudinI  tie. 
gance  or  laoguagc,  or  by  llio  higher  grncn  of  cUiquciKv ;  bat  by  a  na- 
tive simplicity  of  stylci  and  on  eor-i^y  or  iieDiiEiicnt  ol'  fM  higher  im- 
porUncu.  Tbey  discover  a  miod  mighty  in  the  scriplBref,  itiiiiuately 
■cqiuint4-il  «ith  human  nature,  powerfully  influmced  by  the  lo«e  of 
Christ,  nnd  deeply  concerned  that  his  hcnr«r«  should  ChI  Use  mmbu. 
Tliry  coiiiain  none  of  those  injudicious  uecommodatioci*  of  Bcnptor* 
language,  vhich  tend  lo  bring  the  word  of  (ioil  into  oocitempl :  Dolhtag 
of  that  rain  aod  conceited  parade  of  Icaniing.  which  only  rseilc»  dis. 
gnsl,  and  no  attempts  to  surprise  by  nuvFlty  ula^amrut,  or  brilUaocy 
or  illustration.  They  are  at  the  same  time  by  no  ineias  uite  or  eon- 
nou-plaee  discourses — the  dulk-st  of  all  the  labours  ofilic  press.  Rtdk 
in  Christian  stotimvot,  and  happy  in  scriptural  illusiratiofl,  to  tboaa 
who  love  divine  trutli,  ttiey  will  be  found  at  ooca  instructive,  pungcai, 
consoling,  and  persuasive. 

He  died  January  the  I9lh,  1803,  io  the  eighty-second  year  of  bk 
age,  exhuustrd  by  pain.  iiiHrmily,  aod  age,  and  worn  out  by  innrwaiu 
Inbour,  and  no  doubt  by  many  and  severe  aMictionsj  under  ubicb, 
though  far  remotv  from  stoical  iuseiuibility,  bu  was  almya  greatly  too 
rwirreil  and  silent. 

Dr  Erskioe  possessed  Ulenti,  both  natural  and  acquired,  coiuidvr- 
nbly  above  most  of  his  eoull^mpomrir^  though  ho  never  cinpUtyf^ 
tfa«ii  for  tbe  purpose  of  display.  His  Iraming  was  extensive,  various^ 
lad  aolid,  dsvotcd  lo  tho  noblest  purposas,  and  combined  with  uiwflbct- 
ed  liumiltly  andiimplicity  of  manners.  IIo  wasaniodrst  nnd  unaaauoi- 
ing,  hot  by  no  means  a  iMulifnl  man.  A*  a  public  spfnkcr  he  naa  loo 
Itttli-  attentive  lo  thosi^  external  rceommendntions,  whicli  give  tba  gmU 
rl;arm  to  many  preachvn.  His  pronunciation  «ai  uicoiiiiiiQa)y 
broad,  and  his  gcatorca  and  acttou  awknard  and  inelegant  Aa  m 
Christian,  and  B  man  of  lioouur,  he  woa  trac  to  his  principles,  aod  iIb- 
cidcd  in  hii  attuchroents.  He  could  act  in  didicult  circamstanccB  « 
very  itricfniioed  port ;  and  could  sJiun  to  both  hi*  fiicods  and  bin  ad* 
rcrsories.  lliat  li«  would  itetlkcr  be  flatlcrcvl  into  oosnplianco,  nor 
fraghtcDed  into  ■uhmiastuii.  A*  a  public  duLraolnr,  and  roiuisier  of  tli« 
gospel,  liv  bad  few  t'i|aals.  and  no  superior ;  tlic  oun  of  God  appcami 
in  all  be  did  and  said.     At  the  bed  uf  lli«  sick,  and  Use  dying,  wImtis 


I'aiiiaD.) 


AacituMtiOP  MOOni. 


«tt 


bending  ov^r  th<!  coach  of  purcrljr  nnd  <li*pB«c,  be  •hrniv  with  pc«ulinr 
luMrr.  M'yp  tu  nil  that  alfliclnl  hutnnnily,  nnd  aci]aaiatcd  with  all 
that  coiilil  coiitfDrt  the  inournrr,  ntid  chrrr  the  'lylii^,  be  tlirrr  ;Miarrd 
from  the  fuliK-is  or  lits  hMrt  llic  trcaium  of  bnvciily  coiuolalioit. 
IIi«  charact4.'r  it  Ihiu  d(-4cribed  tiy  Dr  DaTidwn,  oii«  of  bis  olilnl  anil 
Bioft  iuiiitiatfr  friend*,  in  a  sennun  iirpaphed  to  his  congxiegalion.  iIh) 
»«cotid  Lord's  ttuy  altrT  his  drtlh.  "  Tbonjrh  Dr  Enkinc  soujjht  not 
6mf.  wid  e*en  ihruuk  from  it,  yd  bit  unirorm  cbanii^ler,  his  |>uklie 
prufcwional  labonrA,  bt*  di«tn((!r«*l«d  *ad  aciive  b«ii«v<il«nc^,  ami  hU 
lew,  though  Important,  |iub1icatloos,  gained  him  euch  Mlimallon  in  llii^ 
minds  of  ftood  men,  both  at  hom^v  and  abroad,  as  Iktb  lo  the  lot  of  but 
a  Binall  number  of  the  human  ne*^.  Ai  a  scholar,  as  a  gcntlt-uati,  tut 
a  friend,  as  a  philanthropigl,  as  a  Cbtisiian,  as  a  fiastor,  irlio  ean  bi! 
■iciilion^  aa  urelling  Ur  Er*kin<-  ?  In  njoicin;;  «iib  iliuntr  who  re- 
Jolctd,  in  weeping  with  thooc  who  tifpl.  In  enlivening  arid  enligbirning 
Ilia  fViend*  Willi  his  die^rrnl  and  inlemiing  oi>nv<>r«ation.  and  in  ii{ieak- 
tng  a  word  in  >«Uoo  (o  th«  aAticird  ('brltiian,  h(>  was  ■arpnisrtl  hy 
nonr.  Who  was  vcak,  and  he  tnu  not  weak  ?  Who  wa»  offV-mIrd, 
nnd  li«  tlid  nut  bum  ?  In  bis  character  were  nonccntrated  e\trnaive 
learning,  ^■^n'c^t  piety,  purity  of  doctrine,  energy  nf  scnlimeot.  ritlarg- 
cd  bciivvolcuce,  anifonnly  aohnalcd  by  an  ardent  ceni  for  the  glory  of 
his  Muter,  and  for  tbe  sairaiKm  of  mm.  In  a  good  rause  hr  was  in* 
ficxiblr :  in  frietidabip  invariable ;  in  discbai^ing  the  duties  of  hi* 
fanrlion  indebligaUe.  In  bb  poUic  ni in iit  ration*  be  wai  inileni  a 
'  wDtknun  that  needed  not  lo  be  aibamed,  rightly  diciding  the  vronl 
oflntlh.'" 


9lrrT)bioI]op  iHoorr. 

MBH  A.  D.  ITSI.— niio  a.  o.  ISO). 

Tiiia  prtlaie  waa  of  humbl«  origin.  Ilin  fatlirr  nan  a  tiulrhrr  in 
■lie  eily  of  Gloueeatcr, — a  poor  but  rt^wctable  nun.  Ilrwas  educn(>-tl 
At  the  fm  whool  of  hi*  native  city,  and  some  friend*  procured  him  an 
humble  Mlualkia  in  Pi-mbtoke  eollegp,  CKford,  whniDe  bo  aftrrword* 
removed  to  Chrnt-efaurrh,  in  that  univenily. 

Wblkai  college  be  npplied  lilaMclfwith  great  Mtjdulty  to  his  stndir*, 
and  aer|uirfd  nnireml  r^-^ptct  by  lh«  noacMy  of  hU  demeanour,  iho 
re|;utariiy  of  tii«  condu«-t.  and  hi>  Hatiical  nilainffienta.  \^1ih  iheau 
f|iialificaiioiis  h«  bad,  faowYVtr,  no  bigtur  proqwvt  (ban  tbat  of  a  eoun- 
try  euraey  ;  bad  DOt  one  of  ihow  fortunate  rimim»tance>  wbtcb  the 
InilivHlual  can  neither  commaml  nor  tnlluinee  ptrti  tbe  wty  lo  bis 
(tttMCqBCBl  cialtatlon. 

Mr  Blin,  the  Savilian  prof^MOr  of  geometry,  and  aitranomrr-myal, 
was  ID  (be  hnUt  of  visiting  the  duke  of  Marlborough,  at  Bleuheim. 
On  one  of  thete  occasion*  the  iliikc  ir(|uc*lcd  Mr  DIbi  to  recomnHnd 
a  younj,'  man  as  private  tutor  (o  hn  sitn.  While  Dlits  was  in  vain  en- 
deavotiring  to  n-cullret  a  prrton  <|uali(inl  for  thai  tituatMm,  young 
Moore  happened  to  be  strolling  in  the  park.  He  aas  t-(  the  Mm« 
eollegie  ns  the  prolirftfor,  who  eolrriained  a  atncerv  rt-'piel  fur  him,  and 
tinroediatcly  rccommendvd  biin  to  his  gi»rr,  a*  vrU  rjualificd  to  under- 


40<>  lECcr.KSIASTtCAL  SERIES.  [Nmif 

take  till'  cliar<{i'.  Tlic  ilukc.  in  rnn sequence,  ^cnl  (ur  Mr  ^loorc,  «lo 
Tpadily  a<;co[iteil  his  proposal.  Jii  1769,  liis  grace  procured  Lini  a 
goIJcii  prubend  in  the  caLheilral  at  Durham;  in  1771,  be  peivonally 
solicitnl  for  Lim,  of  the  king,  the  deanery  of  Cftaterbury,  nliieh  hi- 
ubtaiiied ;  and  in  1773  Dr  Moore  was  elevated  lo  the  see  of  Bangor. 

On  the  death  of  Dr  Cornwallis,  in  1783,  the  Bee  of  Canterbury'  wxi 
euecessivcly  offered  to  the  bishops  Lowtb  and  Hurd  ;  but  the  tbroicr 
declined  it  on  account  of  his  advanced  age  and  love  of  lettered  van-, 
and  the  laiier  from  affcclion  lo  his  own  diocese  of  Worcester.  It  a 
reported  that  his  miijr:sty,  on  this,  desired  each  of  those  prelates  to  n~- 
commend  to  him  out'  ol'  the  bishops,  as  the  fittest  in  their  judgment  lo 
fill  the  metropolitan  chair;  and  tliat  they  both,  without  any  prpvioua 
knowk-dge  of  each  oiliir's  opinion,  named  Dr  Moore.  It  ha»,  bowf-ver, 
been  asserted  by  others,  that  his  advancement  to  the  prinaacy  was  the 
effect  of  the  same  patronage  wliieh  first  raised  him  in  the  church.  Be 
this  es  it  may,  Dr  Moore  was  raised  to  the  arcbicpi»copal  see  of  Can- 
lerbtiry,  and  a  more  worthy  prelate  could  not  have  been  selected  for 
that  elevated  dignity.  While  occupying  tlie  first  station  in  the  church, 
lie  avoided  all  other  activity  but  that  of  Christian  pifty  and  spiritual 
duty,  lie  seldom  took  any  part  in  political  deputes;  neither  did  he 
adopt  any  steps  to  intlame  the  minds  of  dissenters  on  the  one  liand,  or 
tO' alarm  tlic  I'riauU  of  orthodoxy  on  the  other.  When  any  measure 
watt  agitated  in  the  house  of  peers,  in  wliicli  the  interests  of  tho  church 
were  concerned,  his  grace  never  lailed  to  acquit  himself  with  ability 
aiKl  moderation.  Doring  liis  primacy,  an  extension  of  toleration  took 
plaeo;  the  Catholics  were  greatly  relieved  in  England,  and  bishops 
were  appointed  in  America. 

Dr  Muore  afforded  the  public  very  lilllo  opportunity  to  appreciate 
his  literary  tiilenls,  having  printed  only  two  sermons;  one  preached 
heluM  the  lords,  on  the  30th  of  January,  1771  ;  and  the  other  on  the 
I'ast-diiy,  in  1781,     His  grace  died  on  tin-  lOth  of  January,  1805.' 


39rnii  l^tttuait. 

UCUN    *.  11.    I7J4.^UI1.1I    A,    II.    IMIV 

1  HIS  celebrated  preacher  was  descended  fro m  an  ancient  and  n:- 
spci  tabic  Roman  Catholic  family,  ami  born  in  Galway  about  the  year 
1754,  He  was  sent  in  early  youth  to  the  college  of  English  Jesuits  at 
■St  Oniers.  in  ivliose  classic  shades,  as  he  often  declared,  he  imbibed  the 
noble  ambition  of  benefiting  mankind. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  embarked  for  the  Danish  island  of  St 
Croix,  in  the  West  Indies,  under  the  proteeliun  of  hia  father's  cousin- 
german,  who  had  large  possessions  there;  but  after  enduring  for  six 
years  a  climate  pernicious  lo  his  delicate  constitution,  and  spectaclu  of 
uppression  and  cruelty  ^hocking  to  his  feelings,  he  returned  to  Europe 
in  di.sgust.  By  the  adviic  of  liis  maternal  uncle,  then  titular  primate 
of  Ireland,  he  repaired  lo  the  university  of  Luuvnin,  where  he  received 
I'riert  t,  cidi  r.»,  mid  wHii  soon  alter  honoured  wilh    the  eiiair  of  natural 

'  M'mlliU  Jliigailiii;. 


I'MIAD.] 


DXAX  KinWAH. 


437 


and  inurni  [ihilotoplijr ;  but  in  1778  Itc  vtiM  ciillml  from  llit'  w^iuc^lrrcd 
puntuiu  uf  science  to  til*  porr  of  mtaU,  m  cliapluin  to  tlw  Noii{>oliUui 
aaibttsanclor  at  the  Bntiih  coort. 

Uf-forc  a  snialt  but  rcsppclable  cofigrcgatjuii  lie  soon  atUincd  nle* 
briiy :  but  he  was  itttn  only  iiualifyiti^  himu-'lf  fur  (;ti-iit(rr  i-xrrtioaa, 
anil  with  Uiat  vivw  aniOuuusly  allciidrd  lliutM-  BplciiUiil  «sltibitio<ia  of 
public  speakiug  wbicli  wi-ri-  at  tbal  limv  bu  ofiva  matl«  ia  tbe  onati! 
and  nl  the  bar.  Amidst  ililt  blaze  of  I'loquciic^,  Ibu  cliurcli  alone  con- 
litinrd  cold,  and,  bowever  rali^tcoed  by  aa  impruvi-d  philoiopfay,  bod 
neUUiai  boen  warmed  but  by  ibe  fiery  brealli  ol' (Kilvniiciil  divioily. 

To  rotiM  dcTolMo  frooi  ihia  prorouiid  li-lliar|;y>  iiat  a  daring  noieliy, 
u'liidi  drtnitmled  the  powm  of  k  Kimii.  I'ortnDiUely  for  lb«  inleresta 
of  liuinnniiy,  hr  Telt  bit  fone,  and  teiicd  ibc  glorioua  oppoituniiy. 
Aftrr  two  yrnra'  rdin:nKi>t  in  the  baMMn  of  lib  limtjly,  be  in  iho  year 
1767  molvi'd  to  conlbriB  to  tliv  eHabliabcd  rcli){iou,— a  ilirlerminBtMMi 
which  waa  greaOy  pfonoM  by  tbe  coitvieliuii— ub  be  liiuiH-lf  dccliircd — 
llMt  lie  (iiould  tbua  obtain  more  txtea^m  oppodtitiilifs  of  doiBj;  good. 
He  wu,  in  eoMnjiMDce,  inirodoccd  by  the  K«v.  Dr  Haatioga,  arcli- 
d«acou  or  Dublin,  to  hi*  liirt  Proteataat  ooagregation  in  St  PH«r'tt 
cburel),  wbrn:  li<i  ptvacbod  oo  llic  ^4<h  of  Juuc  ia  that  year, 

Tlic  Bnt  MrriDon  of  ao  diiiingntiJietl  a  convert  naluralty  Attracted  an 
orrrtioKiug  congrtrgntion,  who  expected  that,  Mcording  to  iianeiBonal 
iiaage,  be  would  rfprobatc  Ibe  doctrine  and  |)netic««  of  tlic  church  from 
which  lie  haii  wilhdraa-n,  but,  iwlead  of  "  pulliDg  ilovii  tbe  altar  at 
which  lie  had  MCiifipctl,"  Ik  cxliibitrd  an  esoniplc  of  CbriatUn  meek- 
nCM,  bbrrslUy,  and  concdiabon.  in  ibc  choice  ol'  a  *uhjcct  ultexly  an- 
eoonected  with  eoDiniveny.  Nor  did  be.  ujmhi  any  aufaMqiuiiK  OMia* 
lion,  pfofcne  ibe  pulpit  by  r«lif;iouii  or  political  imoleraiiee.  or  eves  in 
Ilia  OBoal  wolUlentlal  eumniuuicatioBt,  brcBtbc  a  ayltobk'  of  contcBipt  or 
rvproacb  ogainM  aiiy  religioua  penuanon  wItaUvcr. 

For  Kime  tiinc  ailef  bu  caiifamiity,  he  prc*obi>d  eiery  Sunday  in 
St  Peter*  ctiurcbi  and  tlie  collectiotM  for  Ibe  povr  on  every  ocwaiioit 
rwe  faor  or  Bre  Mil  abetv  ibeir  ■nwl  anKxint.  Hcforv  Uic  aipintioa 
ufhia  int  ynr,  be  wm  wbolly  TcaerveU  for  iIk'  dMiBgubbM  «id  <Uffi< 
wit  Uak  of  prcaolilng  eliarily  •ennoiw.  and  on  the  6th  of  Ni>*nabi'r 
178S>  tlic  fjovcroon  oflbr  freiieraJ  daily  wfaixili  of  M*er«l  pftrufaea  •«• 
lerad  toto  a  rvaolalMM — '■  That  from  the  elferU  wlitcb  the  diteourK* 
of  tbe  lU-r.  Wftlter  Blake  Kirwan,  frutn  tbu  p«lpii,  have  bad,  hit  odi- 
ciMing  in  tbe  DMlrajwlia  mm  coinldrrcd  a  nalioul  adrantage,  aiid  llwt 
•••trie*  aboald  be  celled  la  coaaidcr  the  moa  ett^lual  tneiltod  to  *r- 
cure  Id  the  city  an  biairuineat.  umh'r  I'roridencr,  of  to  miioli  public 
l>ri>efit."  In  llw  *«me  year  he  wa>  prcftrrrd  by  tbo  arclibiibop  of 
Ooblin,  ID  the  prebend  of  lluwib.  nnd  in  the  next  to  tliv  peruli  of  St 
NicbolM-withouIt  ibe  joint  iim^xiiit  nf  which  anountcil  to  about  £400 
■•year.  Tbeae  were  hit  only  ebiireb-prelrnnriitt.  until  Ibc  year  1800 ; 
wbra  llie  talc  Man|iila  Cornnallta,  Ihen  )unl-lK-u(rniini,  ptrlirrTed  him 
lo  tbe  di-nncry  of  Killaln.  worib  £400  e-year.  at  wbtcb  time  lie  rtngB> 
ctl  tbe  prebend  of  I  lowth. 

Hia  Bfilour  waa  not  abated  by  promali«n.  nor  hi*  tneekneea  oomipteil 
liy  odiiiiralloii  i  tliongb,  wheiievrr  Iw  prenchcil,  Mch  mutliliidea  MK-n)- 
blrd,  lliat  it  «••  nto;i»ary  ia  Urli-nil  tlic  eniraBce  of  Ibc  church  by 
gvmrda  anil  paliMikm.     He  ira*  proeult*!  with  addrweea  anl  piece* 


'A  yx>.  f".oi  *''-*7  ;r,.->.i.  \3t:  'Jit  '-^-u-.vs.  -.4  t^-^iTik 

M«Ki«  f»  •VJtArMii  t;LT  tJUC  (10  *«•  t3iC«X  ■  K  i 

dufy^M,  few  ITT^rUMU'-jiiA  K.v«n  ^  tMm 

and  »j»  lma»«T»,  tyA  MtW*!  *ui  «a;«Tiw  tfcw 

Tl'ft  fiAi.Tt  -safCiiii  <i  L^  ci«act«r  br^nfacd  tkrawEk 

mhI  AiiCKcUtr]  hi*  urnvtmc^.     Hv  a 
mVM'itA  t^iirtbiri^   w.'i'unl  or  ostrifKAf;  kit' 

"1,  Mith'iut  tlii^  kut  appf:ara!ie«  of  aActrd  — -'-^-Trrn  fik'  gbM« 
DM  \At-t»:»it,  lii*  r>>Dnt«DU>ce  autcrv  and  twuE4i»g--  xad  k«  vbcir 
i|i.li*'Ty  wa*  in  p':rf'Nrl  onbon  vltb  the  fTaa^olical  syle  asd  ^Tritrf 
tiM  'lw;<iarT^4,  «hi<;li  bcire  a  atrC/Ag  ioiprcHioa  of  rj^tvotts  origimal  (0«- 
fvfili'iii  ferid  fflonittg  zca],  i II Qtni cared  br  locDd  jadpncnt  avii  a  em- 

hiKr.'l  kljf/wl<:<i|^«  '/(  liUDUD  iiatDiT. 

([':  iM-in*  cautKiukly  lo  hare  abttainpd  from  polnhinp  anr  p«rt  of  kii 
itiiunn  nil  liiglilj,  to  blend  with  luch  extern poran««as  cffuMom  ^oe- 
f  a>ii.riBl  '^irculiialaiicf^  lu^getled,  many  of  vhicb  bom  from  bin  wiiii 
u  rnjiiil  ari'l  ovi-rwbtlming  impetaoaity,  tbat  LnrriMl  awav  tfae  iMsaMiK 
iiflii*  Hiiilil'iry  in  r<r<rul)«ii!i  tctioij.  From  tfais  mascnlice  strain  o/tn- 
ji»*iif(ii''l  olidrlaiidn,  coti*i!y<:d  in  diction  not  florid,  but  cIcTaicd,  and 
Mlth  a  \ii\i-i:  Qii'l  maniii.r  nut  theatncaJ,  but  impresaiTe,  resulted  eff«ca 
jirofHfriionnlily  MfliiJ  I  and  contribolions — aaaouDting  ah»ost  lo  pradi- 
({ulity--  |ir'i<liifi-fl  roiitidatloni  wbich  promiw  lo  be  permaaeiit  ^Mim- 
iiit'iriii  'il'  ii;iiiriijMl  I H' IK  licence.  Tbe  rollon  log  beautifbl  paa^rvric  rat 
\iim\'iHui-'  >\  \iy  Mr  (irattaii  iti  the  Irish  parliament,  od  tbe  IStfaof  Jane 
l7t'U  :  "  Anil  uliiit  haa  the  church  to  expect?  what  is  tbe  caae  of  Dr 
K  If  Willi  i"  'I'liimmaii  pn^fe  mil  our  country  and  our  religion,  and  broaght 
III  liiilli,  iri'iriim  diipcriur  lo  what  be  found  in  either.  Me  called  fonh 
ll)H  Inli'iil.  kirtiii'n  i>r  till'  human  heart,  and  taught  men  lo  diseorcr  io 
lliiriiH  Ivf-o  11  mini-  of  cliarity,  of  which  the  proprietora  had  been  ancOD- 
(I'liiim.  Id  li-'ili'iK  lb'-  lamp  of  cliarity,  he  has  almort  exfaaiuted  the 
hiinp  nr  lili-.  1  !<.'  cunic  to  inl«nrupt  the  repose  or  the  pulpit,  and  sfaakes 
iiitK  wiirlrl  with  ilx!  thunder  of  the  other,  Tlie  preacher'a  desk  beoone* 
llic  lliniiii-  ol'  li((ht.  ItoumI  him  a  train,  not  such  a«  crouch  and  swae- 
|{<-r  at  the  li  vie  of  princes ;  not  such  as  attend  the  processiiHi  of  tbe 
virrriiy,  liiiriu',  fuDt,  aiid  ilra^'uona  ;  but  that  wlierewith  a  great  geDios 

pfiipli'K  liin  (iwn  ulati!, — rliurity  in  ecstasy,  and  vice  in   humiliaUon, 

vuiiity,  nnaf^mni;  and  sauey  empty  pride,  appalled  by  the  rebuke  nl 
(lie  nri'iu'her,  uiiil  ('hvaied,  fur  a  moment,  of  thfir  native  improbity  atxl 

i icnri-.— — What  reward  ?  St  Niebolas-within,  St  Nicholas-wiihout  J 

'I'Ik-  I'liniK  of  Kwift  in  upon  him  :  lo  have  been  bom  an  Irishman  and  a 
Miiiti  iifftciihiii,  uiid  to  have  tmi'il  it  for  tlie  good  ofliia  country,'' 

'I'IiIh  I'Xcrlli'tit  iniin   dii'ii,  with   signal   picly  and   resignation,  at   his 

htiiMi'  nt  Mount  I'U'nMnt,  iii-nr  Dulilin,  on  the  Si7tb  of  October,  1805. 

Ill-  'iii|,.rnl  wii*  alteiidi'd  to  hi"  own  church  of  St  Nicholas- wit  bout,  by 

'rcii  of  nil  till'  parixh  Nrliitolx  in  Dublin,  and  his  pall  was  bonie 

llitnicn  of  the  llrtil  dibtinctioD. 


('■■MB.|  WILLIAM  rALKV.  439 

Sir  Jnnuli  Barriiiglon  atiribulct  to  him  ■  vont  of  philuiilhn>|>ic  qutJ- 
iliM, — a  higli  ojM&iua  of  liiouvlf,  whicli  ovcnrhcluMMl  cvcrjr  olhc-r  coD' 
uiicmtioii,— Olid  an  totnclabk  turn  of  ihiimJ  Fulircly  n-pujciiuit  to  tlK' 
anal  aie*tn  uf  ac(|uirinj[  h^li  prcTerBient,  He  dcMribet  fain  6f[tv«i  «di1 
cuuuti^iiaiict!  w  lijiTing  Itccn  utigircpoMeHuig ;  bi*  air  dboontimml :  aoit 
bb  fuiilum  M)  (liarp  a*  to  be  alnioct  repolAre.  "  Hit  nanDCr  of  pniach- 
JKXi"  conliniM*  Sir  Jonah,  "  wot  of  llie  Frcncli  ichool :  he  vai  vube> 
niciit  fur  a  while,  aud  llicii  bccorniu);,  or  utTcCtinK  lu  becunic,  exliami- 
ni,  he  held  hit  lianilkcrchitf  lo  hi>  fucu  ;  a  Jcai  sJIliim  riiMed  ;  lie  hail 
kktll  U>  pcrcvire  tbv  pri-ci)«  OHiutriit  to  n-coaimCDUf, — aiioilicr  blnxc  oj 
dedaiuaiiijii  butst  upon  the  con^'iVKalion,  and  another  fit  of  oxhuutlioii 
Ha*  Hiaoi-iKled  bj  auothfr  pauie.  Tbu  iu«ii  bc^ii  to  vMidcr  at  his  clo> 
quetiov :  tbc  woniMi  p**  iicriou*  at  hi*  deuaueialiuu*.  Hi*  Lart  rtral- 
li-d  hi»  Ulriib,  and,  at  Ihu  ooadurion  of  one  of  bis  finot  MiUeiic«*i  a 
'cek^ii^  t^iliauMioii,*  aa  I  li«anl  a  tad/  call  iti  iwt  unfrMjiivnlly  Icrmi- 
iiati'd  111*  discour*^— in  genenJ,  abruptly." 


iBiUiam  9alrt>,  S.  S. 

KWH  a,  D^  IHX—MM  A.  a.  lattt. 

This  vcfy  vminent  man  «ra«  bom  in  iha  ntigbbouHiood  of  Pnlrr* 
borougli,  in  Joly.  1743.  Hi*  IiUImt  «a*  tbco  inciuubunt  of  Hclpalour, 
but  won  afUrvonk  accepted  tbe  iDajttvtsliip  of  Giggleswicic  tchool, 
■BOr  SmOc  in  YotLtbirc. 

Young  Palcy  reoMiiwd  uixler  hia  ftthet'n  luilioii  until  hia  «iKi««nlh 
year,  *hen  he  wa»  acDt  lo  Cambridge,  aad  adniiticd  a  uxor  of  Chriit 
collsK''-  During  the  Aral  period  of  bb  lUKUrgradiuKahlp  be  waa  n- 
markable  mure  >br  iiHUitrace  aail  drollery  Ibaa  Ibr  gMln*  and  appll- 
ntion :  but  h«  acquirrd  gn»t  ti-lrhrily  Ity  the  abJtily  h  hicli  Im  dM- 
playcd  in  krvping  hw  first  act  "  1  »pi-ut."  wy*  Im*.  "  tfai-  &nt  two  ymr* 
of  my  undotgndwuciliip  iiMffily,  but  dnprolilably.  I  «u  (HXiiUnily  in 
vociety,  wbere  we  woru  not  inmonl.  bat  idle,  and  raihi-t  eiprnutv. 
At  lb«  eonaicBceiNeat  of  my  third  year,  hoirefc*'.  aftar  baring  left  tlic 
u*uil  party  at  railivr  ■  laic  linur  in  the  evniJog,  I  wu  awakvaedi  al  ftra 
in  tlt4i  inorniii|;>  by  onv  of  aiy  companion*,  wlw  alood  at  my  bcd-aiih-. 
ami  uid.  '  I'atvy.  I  bar«  l>ecn  tbiutuog  what  a  tool  y«u  an-.  I  oowhl 
(to  uotbiog.  protebly.  van  f  to  try.  and  cou  atTord  the  lib  1  lead :  you 
Dould  do  tttty  thing,  and  caiuwi  afford  iL  I  have  bad  no  iJecp  during 
Um  nhflk  niflil.  on  acmunt  of  Uxtte  rcflediooa:  ukI  am  now  ooiue 
MU-ionly  to  Uifuria  you,  that  if  you  |Mr>iiit  in  your  iudolancv,  1 
wu*l  rcmyuMO  your  tarirty  1'  1  *a*  to  tiruck  with  Iba  *Mt,  kmI  th« 
1  iaitor,  Ihoi  I  lay  in  bed  grcM  part  of  tba  4»y,  osd  formsd  my  plan.  I 
imjrred  mv  linl-mak«r  lo  prapare  my  fin  c*vry  ctmiiiga  in  onltr  ibai 
it  might  be  UnUttii  by  myaalC  1  wmv  at  five,  rnd  during  the  whole 
uf  the  day.  txcrpt  ludi  hour*  a*  obapel  bimI  hall  nquirtsl,  atlollMl  lo  raeh 
portion  oT  lintr  it*  pcegliar  liraiicb  uf  uudy :  and,  juU  befafa  tli*  doaiqg 
uf  III*  colleg*  Ratt^.  (nlu«  u'dock.)  I  wrai  to  a  urighbonriBg  eottv- 
buuir,  where  1  cwnMantly  nyatMl  OB  a  (Duttm  ebop,  and  a  dooa  of  milk 
t'uudi  1  end  thu*.  oB  iftkiBg  my  faseWora  d«fn«.  I  Imoubc  aenior 
wrmirglefw" 


ua 


KVtUIAftlCAI.  ■»■■•. 


I 

I 


He  atuincil  thin  Utler  bonoor  in  Jaiinar^,  1763.  AAvt  uLi^  kal 
baclietor •  d^ree  hr  became •econd  uthpr  in  an  meudt^aty  at  Hii  iiiiih  1 
in  wbwli  tilHBtioD  he  muiiMd  tiMriy  tbrti-  xt»n,  la  Juar,  tltt,  k) 
m*  elected  to  *  feUowtbip  of  Chrid  cborcti.  and  rctnmin^  lo  ib«  i^  I 
venity,  bocamp  one  of  the  lutoM  of  hi*  coilcgv.  In  Uiia  HtVsIiM  bt  | 
deliverad  lectures  oa  nicC4>hjMCi^  morale  aad  ibe  Grvri  Tc 
Mad,  tvibtttfuirntiy.  oa  dmoit;. 

In  1771,  hv  ttrcnuoualy^  oppo«^  lbi>  applimtioo    uf  Joka  Hm»' 
Tookc  Ibr  ibn  drgrrv  of  M.  A^  od  the  groond   (li&I  Xuok«  bmi 
mtly  Kluiatmd  aU  rvligion.     During  the  amr  year,  a  i^MoU 
ciut,  named  XimoM*,  of  wliom  Lonl  Siindwtrh  was  b  war^  p 
tkbtained  tean-  lu  gjtv  a  concert  in  ibc  ball  of  CfariM  (X>IU>ge:  iMt  lUr 
pnvmptorily  iuii>tcd  Uiat  it  *liouUl  not  lake  pber  unless  a  aai iif>i lia i 
sisuraiirr  nrtri!  gifciii  that  a  certain  lady,  then  tindi^r  (be  prateefiaa  J 
bin  lordibip,  3Dil  wlio  bad  ht*n  openly  distributing  tirkets,  wonid  not  •■- 
tpod  iL     About  tbii  period,  he  occMonalty  preached  at  Si  Mair**-    U 
luu  been  Matrd.  that  he  otfidulcd  tbcn-  wbi-n   Pilt    t  tiiird  Cambnte^ 
uma  tfkcr  hi*  rlcvatii>ti  to  tbu  premienJtip, and  that  be  iotik  j>»«i<«««im  h 
rebuke  tlic  nutncrDiu  mmbert  oftha  unireniiy  who  bad  hcttt  wkHj 
of  mean  adulation  towardi  (be  youihTui  miniiter,  hr  soK-ctiag  Uk  Ia0»>- 
ing  teat  for  hi*  di>cour*c: — "There  it  a  lad  liere.  wbi<-b  halh  fi«c  faK^i 
li-y  loaTM  and  t«^  (mall  fisbrs  :  but  vlut  are  tbey  aiuong  a<>  tnaa;  7" 

In  1774,  l^ley  corrrcted  the  jima  oF  Bu  cdilion  of  Dr  Wariv^^ 
'  Miicelliuira  Analyiictt.*  alihoujtb  lie  appears  never  (o  Irave  i  nil  imiaid 
tiny  great  pniliteciion  for  the  nia<  hematics.  In  Ibe  fiilloviiMr  nar  fe 
Wiu  collnled  by  bit  friend,  Biaimp  Law.  to  the  rectory  of  MtMimte 
ill  Westmoreland;  and  aoon  after  was  prnenled  to  th«  riosrwe  aftU- 
Man  in  Canibeiland,  and  th«  liiing  or  Appleby. 

In  I7S2,  Dr  Law  waa  created  Itiiliop  of  Clonfert ;  anti   the  arcfr> 
ilenconry  of  Carli«le,  which  be  vneaicd,  ub«  gireti  to  l>r    f*n|ey,  «W 
accompBBied  ha  Incnd  to  Uubliu  and  Clonrert,  and  |>er«rlif-(l  the  mt-        j 
man  at  his  cauMcraikn.     Aboot  (hi*  period  hi-  eacltangrij  tin-  tnmg 
nl  Applfby  for  a  atntl  ii>  the  cithrdml  nf  ('arlwle,  by  whitrb  bw  cfcrifnl        i 
(tijinily  was  increased  niid  his  incuni-  enlar);cd.  [ 

It  «s'  while  hi*  n-sidenei^  wait  dirided  belncrn  Carlisle  atxl  DalMoa. 
Ilial  I'uley  undertook    to  write  liin   firnt  tuiil  miKt  eL-l<'brMr4  wofk,  ^^ 
•Tba  Elomrnlaaf  Moral  and  Pulitieal  Philo.ophy.*     It  mmbl  i<rrt<ap«^H 
lievcr  have  l>ern  produced  by  a  Ju:<t  conlidriier  in  his  uwn    lajrnia,  t/^^ 
■hat  hiid  not  been  aided   by  ttit  i-acuum^eiornt  of  iJr  Jobit  Law,  wUi 
liuving,  uhlle  lliey  vere  coooeeled  (o;;e(ber  at  college,  rtijoy  rd  firmtmt 
opponuililica  of  looking  into  Pnley*  iMlnnv,  bad  early  cunerivnl  an 
Idea  that  they  iui;!fat  be  expanded  into  a  moU  mefnl  lri-nil<>e.     Tht*  Ih- 
liad  oftafi  raggesttvl   lu  his  Iriend,  but  Ptdcy  always  ot>jee1ed  the  iitiV  I 
attcnliwi  that  wni  paid  by  the  puUic  lo  tliese  subjeel*.  and  mt  alV«M 
be  might  print  a  book  thai  u-ould  not  be  lioughl.     Hut  «  lUing  ht- 
eomiuf;  vaeutil,  Dr  I.aw  gate  it  to  him  on  receiving  a  [leoniiac  tbai  b* 
wonld  coi»lil(>r  It  as  a  coinpeoMlion  Ibr  iIm'  liocanl  of  printing,  anrl  im- 
mcdifllely  set  about  preparing  hi*  work  (or  ilie  prru.     Aecurdinglr.  in 
176&  'Tbe  BJeinenU  of  Moral  and  Poliiieal   PhiluMjiliy'  ni>|>rnr«<l. 
It  was  read  with  unireraal-  adnlralloi).  und  ■■diiiixm  «ii<-  niulilpljol 
with  a  rapidity  entirely  unexpected  by  Hie  uutlior.     Willi  ull  iu  «|>.. 
h-cti,  ihia  i«  a  inoat  valuable  and  arule  work.     Hit  lundauieutal  urittti- 


!*■•••(>.] 


VILLI  AM  pAkrT. 


411 


I 


pic,  Ihal  *'  thi>  utility  of  any  moral  rnk  kloor  it  i»  vlijcli  ct>ustiiiii)v  ilu: 
oUigaiion  lo  il,"  J*  nioM  drpidcdly  olijcctionaUt:,  unci  tiiu  been  tulfiripni- 
ly  ivAiH'd  by  varioiu  rdiirnl  wriur*. 

In  1790,  be  (MiMiubnd  hi*  '  Hone  l*aulinK.'  in  wliieh.  villi  profoitiMl 
ujtiu^ily,  he  tlluMratra  and  nnfbrec*  the  credibility  of  titt  Cbriiiisn  r«- 
veitUiiHi,  by  tliowing  IIk-  namcraiu  coii>ci<l«nera  b«'tHe«ii  the  l^piflle«  of 
Paul  nnd  the  Acta  of  tbc  ApMilIca,— ^oiucidi-ncM  wbich  no  [Kmiblc 
hypMb«aia  but  tlial  ortlicir  verucily  eaii  account  Tor. 

In  1798  appearvd  hii  ■  Vww  of  tlit-  Eviilt-nwrs  of  Climtionily,'  vhicii 
liM  liiicf  faccooic  a  >t;Lndard  nurk  with  MnAvota  iu  diviuity,  and  it* 
gnal  nicriu  awl  uiefulneu  liattx-  bcwi  uiiirtTHully  acknovlrdged.  In 
eoa>equ«iic<-  of  thm^  iinpurtaiit  »l^rTict!l  (o  tlie  caui«  of  Cbrittianiiy 
•Dd  of  mankind,  Dr  P*ty  *a>  dcMrrcdiy  revrnnled  Titb  new  lioo- 
Outa.  The  biibop  of  Lmidon  garc  him  &  pn:l>«itl  of  Si  Paol'*  :  tbc 
aulMieanery  of  Lincoln  irai  pniMil^  lo  liiai  at  l)ie  tame  time  by  Dt 
Tomlino  (Ibra  Dr  Pivttyman,)  the  bbhop  of  Lincoln;  and,  within  a 
fr«  week*,  tbft  talaablc  livinj;  of  lliibop-Wcarmnuth.  loppmnl  lo  be 
«nrlh  J^tSOO  per  annum,  «**  added  by  tha  binhnp  of  Dorhnni. 

Dr  Pnley  fixnl  bin  midcocv  at  BtUiop-Wcaimonlli  in  1795:  bnl 
bb  ufliecof  lub-deau  of  I^ncoln  obligeil  him  (o  rcvidi-  in  tlial  city  ilirc^ 
nuiblhii  in  the  yrar.  lie  nov  umltrtook  nnd  proccciicil  riowly  viih 
hk  lost  work,  enlitled  '  Nulurnl  Tbrology ;  or  Eviiionca  Af  Ibe  Exitiritco 
and  Attribiitaa  of  a  Dnty  collected  fmni  tbe  Appearancm  of  Nalurr,' 
which  vat  piiblUbed  bi  I80S,      He  died  an  ibe  S3ih  of  .May,  IB05. 

It  is  in  llic  character  of  a  defender  of  the  fiiiib,  «ays  mn  able  raiaye*!, 
"that  we  would  bold  up  Iftdcy  to  alinott  unmin^lrd  admiration:  in 
ttny  other  diameter  hi*  prilaa  inaT  b«  vton  qualilied.  We  tliink  tt 
next  to  ioipowible  ht  a  candid  nabtllevcT  l«  rMd  llw  '  Etldracaa'  ot 
Mey>  in  (Jiair  proper  order,  aiwliakon.  Hia  *  Nalurol  Tlirolofiy'  wIM 
«pMt  the  boarti  that  it  nuy  uiidcraUiad.  or  at  lea**  receive,  tlie  acrip- 
(orrs,  if  any  thing  can.  It  is  phibMophy  in  iu  kijthoM  and  nutilm 
•■nw  i  Kicniilte,  wiiboul  the  jarf^o  of  Kneneo :  praRmnd,  but  lui  eli-ai' 
that  ito  drp4h  i*  iljiicuiieil.  Tbem  ia  nolhinR  of  tbi-  *  boil|{o  doctor' 
here  ;  apMulationi  nliieh  will  cvoriner,  il  iiuslil  *>ll,  tlmi  *  in  the  be- 
ginning  God  cmiei)  the  beavrri  mnd  the  earth,*  arw  niaife  bmilinr  m 
hooaebold  wonlt.  They  are  brouglit  home  to  the  etperieaM  of  evrry 
man,  tlia  moal  ordinary  obicrrpr  on  the  fnet*  of  nature  wllh  which  be 
i*  daily  ronveruwtt.  A  iJilelier  clothinj;.  tut  indaner,  i*  provided  in 
winter  (br  that  tribv  of  animala  which  are  c»v<-nil  with  fur.  Now,  in 
thaw  <Iay*,  *ueli  an  aaacrtion  »«iitd  be  backed  by  an  a)ipeal  to  «oi»e 
learsed  Kul>bi  of  a  Zoalogieal  Kiciety.  who  hod  wrilirn  a  derp  pani- 
plik-i.  apoai  what  ha  woahl  |>robably  call  the  IVvry  of  Hair.  But  iti 
whom  doea  l^tey  rvA-r  mf  To  any  dealer  in  rabbit  tkina.  Tbe 
rwhoua  eantrivanee  in  IIm*  bonea  at  binU,  to  unite  •lmi|;lh  with  tigbt- 
Btm,  n  nolieeil.  Tlia  bure  i*  larurr,  in  proportion  to  the  wrifthi  nf 
Iba  hwa,  than  ia  otbrr  aniinala :  il  ia  eqiply  ;  tha  *ulMtaiic«  of  Ibe 
IWM  Uaalf  ia  of  a  oloaer  Irxiure.  Foe  tlieae  facta,  any  '  opmuite' 
wooM  ijnab!  Sir  Kivrard  Home,  ur  Prelewar  Cueier,  by  .way  of  gitiujt 
a  Mil  M  philinuphieal  ^lat  Iu  tbe  alfoir,  and  throwinii  a  little  learned 
duet  tn  ihr  eyni  of  the  jnblH-.  Patey,  howrrer,  adrlM-*  \uii  lo  onkc 
yuur  own  utavrvalion*  *lieu  yon  bappan  lo  br  ri^K**'^  "*  ^^*  aciaBlillc 
operation  of  pK'kmg  ihe  kg  be  wlnf  of  a  cfakken.     Tbo  very  Mngular 

vti.  3  K 


44S 


zccLia  [AST  wSSalsn 


Cornapoodencp  botwern  the  two  tiitra  nf  any  •iiimnl.  tbr  right  huMi 
urawvriDg  to  tli«  kft.  and  to  on.  is  tourhrd  upon,  u  tt  pronf  of  ■  eoa- 
(riving  Crralor.  nni!  ■  vrry  sinking  one  it  ia.  Well  I  « e  ba«c  ■  Inng 
and  nlMtriifc  |>riah!cni  in  chancn*  woHuhI  out  to  tliow  that  tt  was  ao 
mmy  million',  nnd  so  many  oild  UioujuhhIji  to  one,  that  aeddcDt  cooM 
not  bavr  produced  the  plxrooinetioti  ;  iMt  a  bil  of  it.  Palcy  (who  waa 
prabal>ly  >rralcliio|;  his  lituid  at  tlie  inuiiirfit)  uittn  no  oilier  coafiriDa* 
tion  of  his  osM^rliun,  than  tJiat  it  in  the  inunt  dillivult  (hiii^  in  the  wocU 
to  get  u  viig  dmIg  CT(.-n,  tdiloiii  aa  it  ■■  that  llie  bee  la  made  xwty. 
The  vircuiatiou  of  tbu  blood,  aitd  ibu  provbiou  br  ttsgettiof;  £ron  ibc 
heart  to  the  cxtrcoiitiu*,  aud  bock  ai,-ftii)i  afionb  a  aingnbr  demoiMlna- 
tkin  of  the  MaLut  of  ihu  body  being  an  admirable  Haaler  bolh  of 
mechanics  and  liydrostalica.  But  what  ■>  tbe  laogaagff  in  vbicb  Palejr 
talks  of  tliia  proccM  ?— leehuiul  ? — that  myRlical  noioeDclature  of 
Diaforiu*,  nhich  frighteiia  coaotiy  pati^nU  out  of  their  nits  ibinkii^ 
■•  tliey  very  naturally  do,  tliat  a  d>*«aM  must  be  tery  bomd  whlefa  io* 
solves  Kucb  very  horrid  Damed  ?  Hear  our  aaalomiit  from  GigglcawioLi 
'  The  aorta  ur  a  whale  it  \»t%tr  \a  the  bore  tbao  tbe  naio-pipe  of  tbe 
wnter-worktt  al  Luiidon  Bridg<^ :  and  tbe  roariDg  ui  lb«  pweagc  thro«gh 
that  pipe  is  inferior,  in  iiup«<tu  and  velocity,  to  th«  blood  giuhi^  frott 
the  whuJe'*  hnrt.'  H«  carcH  not  whence  ho  f«lcbe*  bia  illwIiiiliiiiL 
provided  ihey  arc  to  tlie  purpose.  The  lamiofe  of  tbe  fMlbera  of  birdft 
are  kepi  io};etber  by  leeth  thai  book  into  one  anotLer,  '  as  a  latcti  tm- 
tun  into  Uic  caleh,  and  faatetu  a  door.'  The  eyea  of  tbe  nole  are  p«<»- 
tect«d  by  being  very  uuaU,  and  buried  deep  in  ■  euBbloD  of  thin,  m 
that  the  aperturee  leading  («  them  are  like  pin-holea  io  a  ptrre  of  «el- 
TCI,  Msrvely  iwrvloni  to  loote  panick*  of  cartb.  Tbe  toajl  vithini 
winga,  Caet,  or  tliraud,  adhens  to  a  ttalk  by  a  prurisiou  of  sticliog- 
plaatar.  The  lob«l(<r,  ai  he  )trovr»,  i*  fumiibul  with  a  aay  «f  uocaaiag 
khBKlf  of  bis  buckler,  aud  drawing  hii  leg*  out  of  hi*  boeti  wbea  thajr 
beeone  too  tuall  for  bin.  In  thla  aDambitioa*  laanner  doo  Palaj 
proaecute  hi*  high  theme,  drawing,  aa  it  were.  pbUoaophy  Iron  the 
cloud*.  But  tt  i*  not  mrrrly  lliv  fund  of  entertaining  knowledg*  wluob 
the  '  Natural  Tbcutogy'  euulaiiiit,  or  ihe  adniirnyc  addraa  dUplayad  ia 
the  adaptation  of  il,  which  Gi*  it  Ibr  working  conviction  ;  tbe  **«iiahiaa 
of  tbe  breaM,'  Ihc  cliecrful  ipirit  with  wbicb  itj  benevolent  ntithor  fota 
on  hi*  way  {'•*•■  >«»•}.  thi*  il  is  that  mrrir*  tbe  coldcat  reader  captivev 
and  coMtraint  bin)  to  eoulina  u-iibin  biiiiM'lf,  aod  even  In  tfMle  of  bim- 
aelf,  '  it  I*  good  for  inc  to  be  brrc.'  Voluire  may  feiMl  hi*  haro  about 
tbe  world  to  apy  out  it*  morl>id  aiMtomy  iiitb  a  fleiidiili  aaUActioat 
and  tho»c  inay  IoDdw  him  in  hi*  nnuMOiu  ertan<I  wlia  will,  but  give  w 
iba  Heeling*  of  the  man  wliu  could  pour  Ibrth  bti  ipirit  in  aucb  laagiMgc 
aa  ibii:  '  It  il  a  bappy  world  nflcr  all ;  the  air,  the  earth,  Iha  walff, 
lacm  with  drlighunl  cxiilence.  In  a  ipring  noon,  or  a  awaMart  fiveik- 
ing.  on  vihichrvi-r  tiiir  1  lum  mine  rye*,  myriadi  of  happy  being* 
crowd  upon  my  view.  "Tbe  iiticcl  youth  ant  on  tbe  wing.  fTaaiwa 
af  aewbom  flics  ore  trying  ibcir  pinimia  in  ihc  air.  Tlicir  ipartiva 
OBMiOBa,  their  wanton  inaxei,  llicii  gratuitoai  activity,  their  ooaliotMt 
change  of  place  without  uic  or  purpose,  Icsti^  their  joy,  and  the  czul- 
latioD  they  fwcl  in  tbcir  lately  difcoTcred  faeitliiea.'" 

"  Mr    Blanco  Wbite  read   tbe  '  Natural  Tbeolo^,'  and  waa  theivbjr 
Indacad  to  read  lli«  *  Evidvacca.'     This  is  prreisriy  what  we  ba**  been 


I 


I'lKUIU.) 


nisHor  iioKsLnv 


443 


•rguiog  (nr ;  ihtu  h-t  ifac  blow  br-  fnllowiMJ  Dp.  The  (rulb  uf  Chris* 
ItMiity  (Itrpcoil*  upon  tlic  tnilli  of  iU  Iraiting  &ct>.  Hrre  are  a  uuia- 
ber  of  traum^tiOD*  rpcunicil,  wliich  <to  nut  rclalc  to  an  obtcure  clan  Ln 
■ome  wilU  ami  leiiuiutcrctl  coruer  of  the  uaiih,  but  iiucb  m  are  Mid  to 
hkre  liKppei>«<I  in  a  duM  dviliud  age,  aiid  amoagM  a  wull  knoirn  peo- 
pie.  Thf  J  involve  llie  uuhIouis,  the  ritL-«,  Ibe  prFJudir^H  of  many  na- 
Itont  and  languages ;  Uiey  are  full  of  allusiun*  to  tbi^ir  insiilulioms  do- 
■eatioi  civil,  politkal,  teligious  I  Oity  coBiUnlly  lay  ikeiB»*lTt«  apta 
toftMniliny  on  ibe  iuinnie(4  |>ointa  of  geography,  ofhiaiory,  ofckroii- 
ology.  Tlitry  aol  unHreqarntly  moke  menliofi  of  indivHtuata^^)!'  in- 
dividual^  not  no  Idmou*  a*  U>  !>•  spoken  of  vitb  lafriy  Mi  public  report 
aloaei  nor  y*-!  lo  ob*cuie  aa  to  admit  or  briug  ajiokeB  of  nt  ranttoni 
wilbout  detiKiioa.  They  mo!  aeldom  tvter  to  the  accideuts  t/f  the  day, 
a  lumulti  a  oooaptracy,  a  deartb.  Wliat  n>otn  i*  there  here  br  ihn  op- 
p)lcatiOD  of  teat*  lo  aMsrlain  Ihrir  vrracity  I  Iflhey  ondnrcuwh  tccU, 
(us  ibi^y  ilu.)  ihv  cutnulMive  argument  a  litdc  »borI  of  ilcmDnttrntioti. 
But  Ihii  very  Mine  biUory,  of  wbieli  tlie  conponenl  pari*  arv  niarknl 
by  ('liaractcni  of  inith  ihui  vatiuus,  tells  of  iuirBc4c3.  Wbat  is  to  bt 
doni:  wilb  ibMV  ?  Yel,  iftlirM  be  Irur,  tUn  i*  ikX  prca4.-biiig  vaiu.iKir 
bitb  niii.  The  '  Hors  Pauliuat'  ti  but  oae  of  liim:  luany  iJepul- 
nteiita  of  toUeaev :  but  it  i>.  pcrhap*.  ili«  loost  ialialit«lury,  and  car> 
lainly  the  noH  ingeniout  of  tliem  all."' 

Pakty  ia  dnvribed.  by  a  «fTter  iu  the  •  New  Monthly  MagaUBe,* 
U  baring  bet-n  a  i^ick,  ibon,  Hjuare-built  luui ;  with  a  faoe  wbiob, 
thOttgk  anJNiaied  and  cliterfuli  eoatd  oot  but  at  fini  ^gbt  appear  ugly  t 
with  fanahy  browi,  anub  uoaOi  aod  projeciing  te«ili ;  with  an  awkward 
fait  «kI  inovRati-nt  of  itiu  >rMu>.  anil  a  dcMM  and  difnifinl,  bat  by  aa 
■Mana  «XMMive,  protubrnuiM  of  the  boUyt  waaring*  whim  wip.  aiid 
■  Cttwt  eoali  InU  wiliioul  u  cuaocA«— for  lo  th»  part  of  ibe  dm*  of  a 
''lyrW*''  ccdnlaatic,  b«  had  a  |iutioalar  ditbko,  raMing  it  'a  black 
apron,  lurli  •*  tkp  nuister-tailun  we«r  in  Durban).'  Hi*  utterance  waa 
ibdistiuct,  anil  hii  dioloet  nmiiikably  provincial  :  "  When  tJie  peraOM 
wilb  Mliuni  be  convened  arrc  ne«r  him,  h4-  talked  botwwn  bia  tittfa; 
but  there  «a*  a  vnrn-ty  and  propriety  iu  hi*  tonear— an  witpliUM,  w 
proiMMsocd,  anil  u  cluiuly  cuiiTcyJiiK  hi*  wieMtliig,  rniJtUid,  too,  by 
an  iBtHligciil  Miite.  or  areb  leer. — that  not  only  what  waa  nmlly  witiy 
npfMWrtl  doubly  devrr,  bat  Ills  orduuiry  rciuarka  »c«aied  ingcakio*." 


aoaa  4.IK  tTtU. — Man  a.  p.  l&oa. 

This  celebrated  pertale  waa  bora  in  t^ondoA,  to  (be  pari>b  of  St 
Martin*!,  of  whirl)  hit  &ll>rr  wiu  i))cambenl.  He  waa  cdooled  at 
Weetminatcr  m-Loi»1,  wheuoa  b«  waa  acnl  lo  Canbridge^  vberv  ku  looli 
tfae  degrea  uf  LL.b.  in  17M. 

II*  early  aitainrd  diilingvkhed  prulUiirBey  in  BialhematiMl  *lNdlM. 
Hi*  edition  of  Apulloiuu*.  printed  at  ibr  Clarriidan  pr*»  iu  1769. 
obtainnl  for  him  a  high  rank  amangit  ibv  pqoetrioane  of  U*  connlry. 


*  QmtiUHf  Ibiln. 


444  ECCLESIASTICAL  SERIES.  [Kins 

III  1773  lie  waa  chosen  secretary  of  the  Knyal  society.  In  1774  he 
wa>  presented  by  the  earl  of  Aylesford,  to  whom  be  bad  acted  as  tutor, 
with  the  rectory  of  Aldbury ;  and,  in  the  same  year,  be  reedTed  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Oxford.  Bishop  Lowtb,  cood  after  thia,  ap- 
pointed him  his  private  chaplain,  and  gave  bim  a  preboidal  stall  m 
St  Paul's. 

In  1778  he  preached  his  celebrated  Good-Friday  aennoa  in  St 
Paul's  catbedral,  in  which,  with  equal  acutenew  and  fbrc^.  he  attack«d 
the  Necessarian  hypotheais.  In  1781  be  was  appointed  archdeacon 
of  St  Alban's.  At  a  visitation,  held  22d  May,  1783,  be  deltTend  s 
charge  to  the  clergy  of  his  archdeaconry,  in  which  be  severely  animad- 
verted upon  Priestley's  '  History  of  the  Corruptions  of  Cfariatianity.' 
In  this  discourse,  Monley  maintains  that  the  opinions  of  Dr  Prieatley 
on  the  subject  in  question  are  in  general  tbe  same  with  those  of  Daniel 
Zuicker,  a  Pmssiau  divine  of  the  preceding  century,  vis.  that  the  firat 
race  of  ChristianB  were  Unitarians ;  tbe  second,  Arians.  Tbe  Mo- 
ments, too,  by  which  both  Priestley  and  Zuicker  support  tfaeir  aater- 
(ious,  Dr  Horsley  shows  Co  be  the  same ;  and  he  then  proves  to  onr 
conviction  that  (he  faith  of  tbe  first  Cbrietians  was  not  Unitarian.  It 
follows,  of  course,  and  he  shows  by  additional  evidence,  that  vhat  wu 
believed  by  the  first  race  of  Christians  could  be  no  invention  of  tbe 
second.  He  farther  shows  that  the  notion  of  a  Trinity,  more  or  lea* 
removed  from  the  purity  of  the  Christian  faith,  is  found  to  have  been 
a  leading  principle  in  all  the  ancient  schools  of  philosophy,  and  in  tbe 
religions  of  almost  all  nations.  Dr  Priestley's  assumption,  that  the 
doctrine  of  our  Lord's  divinity  was  an  innovation  of  the  Platonic 
Christians  of  the  second  century,  being  overthrown  by  direct  proof  that 
(his  pretended  innovation  was  a  part  of  the  &itb  of  the  fint  Christians, 
all  secondary  arguments  became  insignificant :  our  author,  however, 
reviews  some  of  these,  and  shows  their  frivolity.  Dr  Horsley  goes  on 
to  show  that  the  notion  of  the  gradual  progress  of  opinions,  iTom  tbe 
mere  Unitarian  doctrine  to  the  Arian,  and  from  the  Arian  to  the 
Athanasiaii  faith,  h  wholly  groundless.  Dr  Priestley  instantly  replied 
lo  the  arclideacon,  in  a  series  of  letters,  in  which  he  repeated  all  bis 
former  assertions.  Horsley  rejoined  with  still  greater  force  and  se- 
verity. Dr  Priestley  continued  the  combat  in  another  series  of  tetters, 
(u  wliich  the  archdeacon  again  replied.  The  controversy  here  closed 
uTi  the  part  of  the  latter;  who  signified  that  it  was  an  endless  task  to 
cunlrnd  upon  an  exhausted  topic,  with  one  who  was  never  disposed  to 
ci'Msc  disputing  till  he  had  obtained  the  last  word.  In  1789  Dr  Horaley 
collectt'd  these  tracts,  and  printed  them  in  one  volume  octavo,  with 
some  additions,  particularly  a  sermon  on  the  incarnation,  preached  at 
Nt-wington,  on  Christmas-day  1785  ;  and  which,  having  a  material  re- 
lation to  the  controversy  in  question,  he  thought  proper  to  insert  in  this 
collection. 

While  this  dispute  was  going  on,  Dr  Horsley  was  engaged  in  another 
uliit'li  made  nearly  as  inui.'h  noise  as  the  first,  at  least  in  the  scientific 
wiirlii.  When  Sir  Joseph  Banks  was  chosen  president  of  the  Koyal 
society,  on  the  resignation  of  Sir  John  Pringle,  the  mathtmatical  and 
pliiiosophicol  members  of  the  Newtuiiinn  school  were  disgustt'd  at  the 
exlraordiuary  preference  which  was  .-.hown  tu  subji'i'ts,  as  they  con- 
rcivid,  of  an  inferior  nature  to  those  uhich  ought  to  engage  tbe  uticn- 


t'kllW*,) 


Hiiiiur  HORSLir. 


44S 


lion  af  llieir  lt«nir(I  tocwly.  It  hat  brrti  surd  llial  CKbftb  ««re  Imncd 
by  llMMrBiriubcraof  tlic  ulil  uLanip aj^aiiut  Ok  j>rr*iijcn( aad  lilc  ln«iKb; 
but  oftliia  uo  proof  vasvr«r  bruu|;l>l  forward.  In  1784,  bowevtr,  ibe 
Utter  ventiiri.-il  upon  a  ttep  whicb  co«Ul  tiot  &il  t«  bo  liw  imotbrrin^ 
tlaiuH  into  A  Uau.  TIk  moncil  thought  proper  lo  diunin  ilu;  Icarticd 
Dr  Ilutloo  from  the  otRee  of  Latin  tecrf^iajy  for  foreign  corrcipond* 
COM  upon  llie  very  friroloua  pretence  lliAt  it  was  iniprnpcr  *ucb  ■ 
poit  tbould  be  flll«d  by  «  pcnon  nlio  did  not  reside  in  tlic  mciropolii. 
'I'he  fcieiilifle  member*  took  fire  at  iht*  trntmcnt  of  oii«  of  the  ablcat 
and  iDoit  Tc«p«'clah)e  of  their  body.  Accordinglyt  in  «c*«nU  mvMio^ 
of  the  •ocirty,  nllrmptx  vrrr  made  lo  htsMii  ibc  tnBufoce  of  their  pro* 
vidctil,  and  to  rrinMatu  Dr  Hoitoo  io  hi>  place,  but  without  suve«w. 
In  thi>  coDtMt  between  pliiloaoofay  and  ibc  *irluo»i,  Dr  Honley  made 
ihc  mod  conapicuou*  figure.  FuMUng,  bowcviT,  tliat  bi>  labour*,  and 
liioic  of  liis  k-arni-d  aMOoiatM,  ««r«  in  Tain,  he  lurtook  (to  exprtM  it 
ID  hid  own  fureililo  language)  "that  temple,  wlierc  pliilotophy  once 
■«igi»ed.  and  wlierc  Newton  pnaklrd  m  heT  ofliciating  niinisicr." 

Ill  I7S6,  Ur  Hor»loy  obtaioMl,  withoot  trilhrr  >olicit»tioa  or  men  ex> 
|«cliiDcy,  a  prcbriid  in  tbc  c«lbedr*l  ehurch  ol  ((kwccatcr.  His  trieivd. 
uo  ihia  ocuiwon,  vai  Lord  Thnrlow,  tben  chaaccUor;  vlie,  without 
bdu^  penoiially  known  tii  Di  Muriley,  or  reeeivini;  any  applicttioa  on 
Iti*  tekalf,  miMcd  rvtry  n-qui-il  llut  was  mode  for  lliu  raloable  pte* 
rermeat,  and  bentowcd  it  upon  the  nian  whom  be  justly  couulcrcd  M 
liavinjc  mcrilcd  it  ibr  immU 

III  17 if».  Dr  Honley  aru  ekvated  to  tbc  episcopal  bench,  ou  tbu 
imntlatioD  of  Dr  SmallvcU  frocn  tbc  sue  of  St  Dand'a  to  ibat  uf  Osford. 
Lord  Tliiulov,  on  tkia  occaaiOB,  wu  again  bia  steady  and  uinolicitod 
patron  ;  and  uide  it  a  point  lo  bring  in  bis  friend,  in  oppoMtion  lo  can. 
liiiiam  who  were  barkrd  by  nil  the  fnrre  of  miDWlcfial  infloairr.  His 
loixlufit  in  the  see  of  St  land's  was  higlily  praiacworthy.  Of  all  the 
hnboprics,  no  one  rsliibitttl  more  povrrty  or  more  igoormiHie  on  Ibe 
l<art  of  Uie  chrf-y  ihnn  thii^  Many  of  the  curacies.  «!■«■>  his  lordship 
■iilsfe^l  npou  ihi'  ^uTrinnirnl  of  this  cilr-naive  dioctise,  dkl  not  eaceed 
tsn  panmh  ner  snniim,  and  uinie  of  the  churches  were  actually  tervtd 
bir  B*«  I  What  was  still  wnrw,  tbo  mulblndc  of  cuiiidalaa  flsr  ordat* 
lorrraMd  jiiirlyi  so  tliat  Wales  poured  ber  mperflaoua  clotgy  Into 
KiqtbMl,  lu  the  diagrae*  of  the  cloth,  and  tbe  real  Injury  of  siiob  as 
wtn  ngulurly  bred.  A  reform  was  tlietwfof«  necessary,  bat  tt  rr<tiur- 
nl  a  strong  and  peiwvoting  niind  to  aecowplkh  il  Dr  lloislcy  waa 
not  to  be  tlaunlMl  bv  any  obslactet.  He  ubIaiiH-d  an  accuraie  and 
luuiuir  alota  of  hi*  dioorte.  He  then  gsre  uoiioe  to  the  boicBced 
L-krKy.  who  dwi  not  reside,  tliat  tli«y  would  he  cumpcllod  lo  rBsidenoc, 
»c  lo  allow  their  curates  a  mure  liberal  salary.  By  tlirse  means,  he  rc- 
msdiod  tliat  sliameful  abuse  of  uoe  man's  sarring  se*cral  ctiurcbos  mi 
the  aom*  day  i  dtractini;  thsi  a  ovrst*  stMHild  serve  two  only,  and  those 
within  a  modrrala  distance  of  each  otbev.  Having  rvguiated  tbecomli- 
(kin  of  ibp  dcTgy,  be  proceeded  to  a  stricter  courMwiih  rcsfiertlocan' 
didalea  for  holy  orders,  admiltrng  none  wttbont  personally  eiamining 
(hem  hlm«eir.  and  looking  very  narrowly  iiilo  the  titles  wblcb  tbry  pro- 
duced.  With  all  tkia  (Igilanee,  his  lordslirp  acted  lo  litem  as  a  lender 
liubrr,  e  neon  tag  i(i|i  ikeni  to  visit  tum  diinog  hi>  ilay  (n  tbc  country, 
which  was  iMwaliy  lor  oiiTral  mmmIh  in  tlw  year.  ossMling  them  with 


fSian 


iB  1790,  BiUop  Uonier  wm  rrniliti  tnm  ifae 
to  tim  of  Badkotcr,  nfc  l»e  rtfMwy  of  Wc 
priDttd,  vidw«i  kk  ■■■ii.  *  pn&MUMl  aad  ck^mM  < 
LMia  ■ad  Gic«i(  Prraodiea. — la  this  lewed  i 

ImgwifciL,  aad  appnww  bnatdf  &  poveifbl  advocue  far  tke  aae  of  dc 
GfMk  accaitt.  la  the  tot  1800  was  pttblkhed,  •  TW  fTwIw^inu  tf 
tb  Bitfaop  of  RocbcMcr'*  Sp«eeb  in  the  Ho«w  of  Pecn,  May  tImSM, 
in  the  Detnu  oo  the  third  readia;  of  tfae  BiD  tor  tlw  riiiiMh»>  ai.  mi 
BOTE  efftetoal  IVtirentiofk,  of  tW  criMC  of  Adakcf;.*  This  apetct  earn- 
bines  all  the  oergy  of  dinion  and  Tigoroos  tan  of  thoogfat  that  dH(> 
aeterixei  the  rest  of  hi«  prodnctJoDs ;  bvt  aanf  of  ki*  mwgmmtgm^  an 
fenoded  Ml  doabtful  CMttlraetiaaa.  In  the  H>w  J*mr  a]»|winl  Mt 
'  Critical  I>iw]QHitkMH  oo  the  eighteenth  chapter  of  laaiah,  in  aLatiirIt 
Edrad  King,  Esq.'  He  Uke«iM  poblished.  la  the  jvmr  1800.  a  cfaat^t 
ta  the  dergy  of  hi*  diocete,  deUrned  at  hk  seeoad  gmeral  *iiiiiiaw. 
in  which  he  iadignaatly  reprobates  the  priaeipfe)  of  the  French  lAihwi 
pbefs  and  Gennan  iUamiDati,  and  cxpmaes  soote  apprrfaensioa  eoa- 
eeming  the  progress  of  Methodism  in  his  own  caaatfy.  In  1801,  he 
paUJsbed  an  octaro  Tolume,  entiiled  '  Elemeotaiy  Treatises  oa  the 
Fundamental  Principles  of  Practical  Mathematics,  for  the  nsc  of  Sta- 
dents.'  Although  published  firet,  this  is  the  last  in  order  of  three  *»■ 
lumes  of  Elementary  Geometry  which  this  prelate  sent  forth  from  the 
Clareudon  prea.  The  other  two  ndiunea  were  in  laatin,  and  the  Ivtof 
(hem  roade  its  appeanuice  in  1803.  The  firal  Tolame  oontai^  the 
twelve  books  of  Euclid,  with  the  author's  corrections ;  the  aeeood,  £•• 
clid's  data,  a  book  on  the  properties  of  the  sphere,  Airhimcdct  on  tfe 
dimetuions  of  the  circle,  and  Dr  Ketl's  ele^nt  tieatiBe  on  the  ^tfare 
and  use  of  Ic^arithnis ;  and  the  third,  in  English,  consisted,  aceatdi^ 
to  the  title,  of  Elementary  Treatises. 

In  1802,  this  indefatigable  prelate  published  a  new  translation  of  the 
prophet  Hosea,  with  notes  critical  and  explanatory,  which  eviaee  pro- 
found erudition  and  patient  perseverance.  He  was,  in  the  sana«  yeaTi 
on  the  demise  of  Dr  Bagot,  tranalaied  to  the  more  Incratire  see  of  St 
Asaph.  In  1804  was  published,  the  substance  of  hit  speech  on  the  SSd 
July,  on  the  bill  for  the  relief  of  certain  incumbents  of  livings  ia  Loa- 
don.  In  behalf  of  this  measure,  tbc  bishop  argned  with  fainMas  and 
ability.  Soon  afterwards  appeared  bis  sermon  on  '  Christ's  DM«eH 
inio  Heli,  and  tlie  intermediate  Stale,'  from  1  Peter  iii.  18 — 20,  which 
was  intended  to  have  formed  part  of  the  appendix  to  the  second  edition 
of  his  translation  of  Hosea.  In  1805,  Dr  Honley  printed  a  critied 
eway  '  On  Virgil's  two  Seasons  of  Honey,  and  his  Season  of  sowii^ 
Wheat :  with  a  new  and  compendious  Method  of  investigatiag  the  Ris- 
ings and  Settings  of  the  Fixed  Stars  ;'  and  on  the  5th  of  December,  ia 
the  name  year,  he  preached,  in  the  cathedral  of  St  Asaph,  a  senaop, 
which  he  afterwards  published,  under  the  title  of  '  The  Watchera  aad 
til"  Holy  Oni-s.' 

TliiK  indehtigable  prelate  died  on  the  4th  of  Octol>er,  1806.  As  a 
{mlcmical  theologian  hv  holds  a  foremost  place.  It  is  deeply  to  be  re- 
gretted, however,  that  ho  should  have  frequently  expressed  hinuelTina 


r 


r»ML] 


AaCIIBISIIOr   UAHKIIAM. 


447 


tune  of  imperious  (It^mnliiiin.  aoiJ  thai  \u*  pulilical  ]miici)>lnii  wrrr  of 
ibe  vrry  oOfM  and  tuo«t  Mirvile  «ulio»l. 


Mui  4.  D.  I71U.— miB  A.  It.  1808. 

Dn  MAmKMAM,  who  wa*  d«*ccoilnl  from  an  Enfiliab  £unily,  i*  Mid 
Ut  liarfi  been  a  iialjvc  of  In^land.  Tbr  pfvcisc  cpocli  of  liii  birlh  •>  ikM 
esnclty  aK4-ttuiticd  :  but  ho  ii  suppiMwd  lo  hnvc  bn-n  liorci  in  1719  or 
17:^0 1  and  it  i«  certain  tbut  h«  canie  over  la  Itiii  country  ut  a  tcry  cariy 
period  of  life,  ox  hi-  vai  cnlercd  at  Wi-stiniusti^r  ktIiooI  nliiiit  a  lilllc 
boy.  Aflvr  diiliiiRUiiliiiqc  faiinMl/  at  this  Mminaty  by  liii  Latin  vt-nr; 
yottug  MarkJiaiii  rtpaiml  lo  Oxford,  and  became  a  member  of  Cliiist 
charctt.  over  nliicti  li«  hlnuclf  was  hUd  afterwards  lo  prrsidn.  Her« 
again  hi*  ta*t<-  Tar  I^lin  poetry  obtained  for  liitn  couiitcnaDcr  and  pro- 
(iftion.  Olid  we  find  biio,  at  Iwenly-firc  yean  of  agv,  obtaiuing  tbe  dr> 
gnrv  of  .M.  A. 

About  fire  yran  allcr  tliii  period,  he  bMane  bead-maitcr  of  Weit- 
minMer  •cboul ;  and  •IiIiouk'*  ''^  '"'^  ""^  enjoy  that  office  like  hit  oclc- 
brmied  jirec«r>or,  Dr  Biuby,  (ur  balf-a-centary,  yti,  duriag  a  long  and 
bacy  period,'  lie  diMobargod  tbe  iuportaat  funciiooa  aMigncd  lo  liini. 
oiifa  an  oacoaMMNi  iegnt  of  rcfMiMioB. 

On  Nortmber  SOih,  l7ftS,  he  prooeeded  B.  C.  E^  and  on  thn  94tb  of 
tbe  aaaie  moiitb,  wm  crealed  U-  C.  L.  We  are  aaanjuaiuitd  with  (l>e 
BOti*ea  that  inducnl  Dr  Markham  to  take  bU  drgrcc*  i»  civil  law,  in- 
Mead  of  dirinity  ;  but  the  bet  ii  as  above  iialnl,  and  this  circuiuntaoeo 
■etna  lo  favour  the  eoi^JMture.  iliat  be  li»d  not  al  that  period  rrxilved 
to  dcdicMe  htaaielf  to  ilia  church,  lu  tbe  oounc  of  time,  howevrr, 
Ugber  proepeeta  opened  to  hie  view,  aad  he  waa  coablffl*  whibi  wteUI> 
lag  tbe  fcnila  of  tbe  pedagogue,  to  dUoera  the  mlin  that  — iwrd  la 
ho*«r  orer  Dean'*  yard.  In  I7&9,  at  a  tnie  whra  be  atiU  ponun]  bit 
•oholaMie  uecopniioiu.  Dr  Markham  wac  enabled  toiaxa  the  »arrt>  of 
prebmeol  i  and  ibe  very  &nt  mark  uf  favoar  conlrrred  on  bimi  rtnd* 
cred  bim  at  oticc  a  tllgmtary  ofllie  Augbcaii  church,  in  eotMequence  ol 
hb  noniinatiun  to  a  alall  iu  Durhoiu  calbrdral.  Iti  17fi&,  alter  he  bad 
waieJ  to  be  Imad  maHer  uf  WeaimuMier  acbool,  be  oliuiiictl  lUc  di-an- 
eejr  of  BoebvUr.  wUdi  be  vacated  two  year*  after  lor  lli«  atlll  more 
enviable  aitwaitow  of  dean  of  Cbrirt  church. 

Tbe  unintompted  Mtava  of  a  uaivenitjr  aCbrdad  ample  opportu- 
nity tot  tbe  mUnI  of  thk  nHOMir  to  iudalgt  a  laalt  tn  UierWur*,  and 
to  attetapt  wbeweina  raform  in  iba  eotUga  now  MMiiBitled  to  hit  care. 
Ha  ii  aaid,  bawe*or,  to  ban  been  of  an  iadolnit  diapoaltiom  and  to  have 
fHt  bat  little  paaMOd  tot  fame,  yet,  al  tliii  very  perioil,  irreral  of  bia 
cootomporariee '  aere  becianing  to  retadcr  their  namea  celebrated  by 

'  tauru 


'cr 


Of  tbaa,  b>  Hone,  IWa  Iblla*  of  M^drtia  mMtft  dMlaf«Wu4  binuril  %j  M 
■eniioimU  mi  mtmllvMm  *nnap,  tad  «*a  bihof  U  Vanfb  la  I TM      Mr 
■.  rwi»l  act-  W  All  Sm*.  hi  ttto,  i 

■*  VkMMi  rM*aMr,a< 
UMh  mi  ItB  t*M  nf  Kacliail,*  ha  he 


wwi»  MMkm 

■llllknM  Mb*.  Md,  bAm 

■ixb  l«d  IB  Ito  nmfm\tom  tA  il 


44»  ZiCicit.:»-T:cit  iebiks.  -s.n 

i>  is.-J.xx-     B::  Li2r:iui  i>>  iti  s'.<  aajaiTr  tM^m.  xr%   he    ■■■mli 

I:  17^  M  w  HJcoed  or  tit  aretbtifcny  of  Cmtertiwry  lo  |— * 
W'.rf^  ^  fTT>-ji  <:;^  Lj{  iwrrsot :  «oo«  aJ»,  it  va*  dec^ruiMd  n  ^ 
ra=.-w  Dr  w»-V'-»—  to  ■  wax  c«  t^  n«f«ofnl  bend  ;  and  ^Eeordinsh. 
i^  ITTl.  *•«  WIS  cxMi^T^ud  bat£>:^  c/  CBeRo-.  Thi»  wmm  bat  a  pcv- 
lti4ft  to  az  s^^^TKM^i  (j/  A  T^r  c2£«viit.  bat  tni  iaipottuK  name . 
fcr  is  F«br:^iTT  t/  uc  BAC  Tt»r.  bi»  laftkLip  «^  cekcted  to  tbr  hif^ 
kod  oo(i£4eii:^  i-hnuk-a  cf  pncFprar  tn  tbe  beir-apparent.  Tint  W 
po»«acd  ka;i.ls^  a^  :  taksti  icSciaii  far  tbat  porpoae,  and  in  additim 
to  xb:i-  bad  abo  aeqs:r«>i  tb«  bafacu  of  a  teaeber  ai  an  earl*  p«nod  at 
life,  vas  ilkrwed  b^  ali :  bci  ibere  vere  iwt  vaatitig  aocne  on  ibe  Mfatf 
baiid,  »Lo  eeitiaRd  lt<  cb<Ke«,  and  nuotaiiMd  thai  tbe  poiioca]  nic- 
rip'ie*  &f  bis  lordship  v^k  cot  cxactlv  calcnUicd  lor  a  prince  of  Wiin. 
vbo  Kr:id  mccfi«d  to  tbe  cruac  of  Eccland  03  '  rerolotioD  princT^t*' 
aloce.  Be  tbb  u  it  iriv.  *e  Lare  c'err  rcasoa  lo  soppov  th»t  tk 
bubop  of  Chester,  a&^Uuii  bj  Dr  Crril  J>ck50D.  afte-rsanb  dnn  of 
CbriA  cbnrcb,  coDdacted  fa:initir  ■□  bis  uiIdods  ta»k  witb  bmaia; 
proprietj  until  tbe  (cmmer  of  1776,  vbeo  he  «as  *uot>eedMl  br  Dt 
Hnrd.  since  bifhcp  of  Worcester.  Thu  change  «as  rather  coddeo,  avJ. 
ai  has  been  said.  uoeipM-tcd :  but  MTtain  it  it,  that  hi*  niajestv  alaan 
entertatDed  a  high  seate  of  ibe  »erri(vs  ol  Dr  Marbbain,  and  »ei*r4 
every  opportUDity  10  express  his  gratitude.  The  political  principles  d 
thethea  bishop  of  Chester  aerc  publicly  avoved  in  a  vpeech,  detirtni 
in  parliament,  acd  appear  lo  bare  uroor^d  of  tbe  obooleie  creed  of  pM- 
I ire-obedience  and  non-resistance.  But  (hpy  proved  do  bar  either  ia 
his  own  adrancemi-nt.  or  thai  of  his  family.  In  1777  Dr  Markhan 
was  translated  to  tbe  arcLbi>hopric  of  York,  and  aas  thus  n-vartled 
with  tbe  second  dignity  in  the  .^niilican  churcli,  which  he  held  duriof 
the  almost  uaexampled  period  of  thirty  yean,  viihoni  cenmre,  and  etea 
MJthoutaoimadversion. 

We  have  perused  the  debates  during  the  r^ency,  without  being  able 
to  find  tbe  name  of  the  learned  prelate  prefixed  to  any  speecb.  [t  wa« 
othent  ite,  however,  during  the  trial  of  Mr  Hastings, — to  whom  he  bad 
doubtless  great  obligations,  for  the  governor-general  had  appointed  oar 
of  bis  sons  tn  the  respectable  and  profitable  situation  of  president  at 
Bi^narea,  in  178),  when  he  was  only  twenty-one  years  ofagp.  On  the 
one  hundred  and  third  day  of  tbe  tri:il,  when  Mr  Burke,  who  had  fbrm- 
crly  lived  in  habits  of  intimacy  with  the  arebbiihop,  was  conducting  tbr 
cross-examination  of  Mr  Wonibwcll,  "  relative  to  the  sabries  and  ■len- 
sions  that  bad  been  jiaid  to  Englidi  gentlemen  at  Uude,  rrom  the  Na- 
Iwb's  treasury,"  the  archbishop  of  York,  afler  evincing  no  dmall  degiw 

tuiBf  ana  of  Ihe  twelic  juilgei.  Dr  Rnl«n  I.o«th,  nratly  il  the  •amv  time,  ■rqaiml 
■  lni;«  jHiiii'iii  (if  Hull  ini^rited  repuuiiun,  liy  hii  ■  Pn.'l«tHiii9  on  Hrbrvir  Portrv.'  hu 
'  fin-I  In-liluln  of  Ciraminar,'  anil  hii  ■  Tranilition  uf  luinh.'  After  enjoy  itiK  in  rar- 
i-iVflirjri  Iho  ]iitho|irkc«  oT  Limtifick*  Si  Dariiri,  uiii  Oir'>rt],  fae  olitaineil  thai  uT  Lui,Jtjv 
jiiiii,  i*-TPi'i^\Dg  thf  fejiproachtf^  ofulJ  iifrc,  luid  miigituiimit}  Enmj^h  to  refu««  the  pfi- 
RiKy.  Sueh  Hun!  Ihu  mcani  l-y  wbicli  Ihde  three  great  men  upired  in,  »~.|  obuin. 
mI  ri-li-liiily,  wliilil  Ilia  ilraii  uf  I  lirM  rliuich  merirhelniail,  pcrhipi,  with  hit  tarmai 
faU(un  at  Wmininitrr,  fnJIoHnl  ■  lex  I'Jilrniled  aiid  le«*  laboiiDui  canar. 


I'moa.] 


AKCHSISHOr  MARKKAM. 


•UB 


of  impatience,  excIaimLiJ  uilli  u  •lety  (trni>2  and  poinif<l  ecnpJiuts,  ilial 
Ilia  omiliMt  of  the  maaoftcr  wa>  'iliilirmir  Thi>  «ally  mni))cd  niihoiu 
mply.  alllioogk  not  witliout  ubmralion  ;  and  at  ■  MiltM-qurnt  prriod, 
when  Ihp  ititCfrofntioiM  of  Mr  Auriol  tvuk  place,  Ou>  airbbUbop  turtcd 
B)i  Willi  Riufh  fei-ling,  and  Mid,  "  ll  «at>  impoaaiblt!  fur  him  ailrnlly  to 
liiien  to  the  illiberal  coaducl  of  the  tnaiiagMti  that  be  examined  the 
witncKi  a*  ir  bl^  were  Mnmining,  not  a  |t#ntleiucD.  but  a  pickpocket ; 
that  lli«  illiberalily  and  inhumanity  of  the  nunngciv,  in  the  coune  of 
litis  loDf;  Irial,  could  not  lie  rxcrrdcd  by  Marat  and  ItobespicrTO,  bad 
Ihp  conduct  of  ilie  trial  b«^m  comniiiicd  to  them."  I'he  Mluatioii  of  >tr 
Itiirkc.  on  this  ucoation,  may  lit-  fur  mor«  caiily  concrJvcd  than  dncrib- 
nl.  Whoever  rccollcctii  ibe  irritability  of  bis  temper,  and  the  Tiolenl 
gnM*  of  pastion  to  which  Ibis  ei-kbrainl  man  wu  ocoMmially  subjcet, 
Diiiit  nonder  at  hit  telf-coroinatid  ■(  a  niomuiit  like  tlie  p<ivsi!ni,  when 
tbc  honour  or  tbc  comiuillj^  of  ioipMichmeDl.  nod  the  (lij;nity  of  tbc 
coniniuo*  of  Eu^land,  were  tliui  Dulrafcnl.  Hi*  onlj-  reply  va*  :  "  that 
he  had  not  beard  ubc  word  of  n  lut  bad  brvn  ipokco,  and  that  he  ibould 
act  e«  if  he  had  not." 

On  Timday,  May  aSth.  1798,  Mr  Baker,  knight  of  tlie  •hire  fee 
Ilrrlford.  n»e  in  bis  place,  and  oocnplaiDcd  of  a  ([rOH  libel,  in  the 
'  World'  of  the  pmceding  day.  "  It  attributed  irortli,"  be  added,  "to  a 
rcrtain  penoo,  which  he  thought  impoHible  for  the  penton  named  to 
hare  DMsl.  The  libel  would  therefore  real  upon  the  aMerten;  but 
wherever  it  should  iiliimatrly  ml,  it  would  be  lor  that  houtr,  by  a  fu- 
ture proeredin^,  to  (bow  that  thry  would  not  KUffer  tlieir  ehaTaclcr  to 
be  tnutoccd  b3-  any  man,  bourrrr  hi^h,  or  bowevrr  low."  Heconrlu> 
(d  by  gi«(i>t;  tiotin-,  that  he  would  on  a  future  day  n»A  Uie  paper,  aiid 
make  a  motion  tbrn-on  j  but  Mr  C.  Towmliend  having obaerved.  "tbal 
the  reverrntl  prelate  alluded  to,  had  ju<t  iiM>t  a  nevnv  tBisfbrtune  in  lh« 
death  nffai*  dau|(btrr,"  the  notice  wo*  flint  wareil  and  at  length  wholiy 
omitted.  Notwilhitanding  tbw,  on  Friday,  Mnrch  SOth,  1794,  when 
tbe  arlide  of  tbe  acnioalioii  rc*]>ecting  iIm  aceeplance  of  prracota,  eaaie 
umler  ihe  cantideratiun  of  the  houK-  of  peers  in  WnttntiMter-hall,  lli« 
arehbwliup  took  an  opportunity  to  remaik  on  the  coiiduut  that  had  been 
nbu-ried  reapeetiag  the  priMocr  at  the  bar.  He  italed,  "  that  in  his 
time  he  bad  b«vn  ■  great  reader  of  ancient  hi>lory.  and  ilie  present  con- 
vetMtMM  rtmindcd  him  of  the  ca»e  of  Cato  the  Cemor,  one  of  the  bon- 
cMcat  and  beat  men  that  ihv  Kuaian  republic  had  ever  produced.  Yet 
that  creal  man,  after  haring  filled  the  lirst  officM  of  ih«  state  with  the 
hi|;hcat  repulaiMn,  was  impeacht^  ;  he  wu  impeached  forty  time*,  and 
«a>  aiaoked  by  a  boltoas  denngagiic  of  his  day,  relative  to  an  liem  of 
■n  wwouiK.  When  last  impcadiad,  he  was  eifihty  yean  of  age,  and  he 
renilndffl  bis  prosceuton,  that  a  generation  of  men,  wbn  had  not  wit- 
ncaied  hi*  nervina,  arere  procecoting  him  for  Irifflra.  What  was  the 
•an  of  one  Mr  Haating*?  No  oonaidaration  for  hi*  hifh  chnractpr,  do 
eOMidtralion  for  hk  splentlid  and  important  senice*,  fur  the  rtti-em, 
luvr,  anil  veneration,  which  he  was  held  in  by  the  millioiia  that  he  gov- 
erned for  ao  many  yean.  No,  my  kinli,"  ibe  prelate  added  with 
warmth,  "  he  is  treated,  not  ai  if  he  were  a  gentltmaa,  whose  cause  la  be- 
fitre  you,  Uil  as  if  you  were  trying  a  honw-slcaler !"  Tba  lord-«kan- 
cellor  on  this  said,  "That  there  was  no  DoUe  lord  prcatnt  who  Mt 
greatar  respect  hr  ihe  talcnis  and  viflaca  of  the  tramed  prnlalo  than  ha 

VII  3  L 


4S0 


BLEsiArrrcAL  sekinl 


P 


did,  or  obo  wM  non  didposH  u>  considrr  witli  nllrtiiion  any  iMi^llit 
fril  tratn  an  rvipectaUe  a  (|uar1«r:  but  iu  the  pmrnt  *tBg«  of  thcp(^ 
MvdiuR,  titeir  k)«iMiip  wvre  preclucled  from  savii^  one  word  of  Ai 
•prviFcs  of  Mr  Haatlngai  and  atill  noiv  uerc  ib^jr  [MvelodMl  froa  hfc- 
in);  ihi^ni  tnu  contideratioo.  Th<7  «rre  tryiog  like  £■••  «Ueg«d>  Ml 
the  penoa  oT  Mr  Hiulinf*." 

Dr  MarkliAni  dird  in  lhi()6.  Ur  vai  tall  in  point  of  uw:  !■  Hi 
maniKM  tofly  an<l  command  inj;.  Thr  arc>iir|>iMy>pal  ollice  I'nit  SOM 
of  its  dignity  in  nurh  a  rrprcurnlalite.  He  ia  nid  to  have  po^lMMd  a 
crrtftin  ■*  comtitutional  iudolencr,"  wkicb  piwmtcd  tbts  di^ilajr  of  1^ 
talcnn.  In  a  nianD^r  calculated  to  render  bia  iiainc  ca^pbratrd,  a4>d  Im 
Bcqoirrmciits  uwful :  (o  hit  cr«dil,  however,  be  it  rr«oiIrctvd.  ihu  at  IW 
aj^  of  eighty,  he  nttondnl  the  rsrrcise*  at  WMlroiDtstrr  sefaool  oa  al 
puUio  occBflioDis  and  liernicd  to  take  delight  in  the  pvogre^  of  tte 
•cholan.  The  following  anrcdote  in  told  ofhii,  nia»trr«bip,  TW  Ma 
of  a  Dobleman,  oo  hi*  tint  mtruicc  into  ihs  Bcbool,  appraacfafd  tW 
doctor,  and,  perhap*,  vrilh  a  liltle  crnincioaa  dignity,  ioqntml  if  tko* 
was  Dot  s  proper  plncr  tor  the  Mudenta  of  noblr  bmities  ;  aod  if  Iho* 
wax,  in  vbst  part  of  it  he  irai  to  be  Mated.  Or  .Mnrkbani,  whth  ^ 
though  lir  poufiucd  thai  profi.'Uiioml  dijcnily  aming  from  rectitodr  J 
prmcipl'*,  had  nut  it  singtt.-  ipark  of  pride,  turard  hi*  eyrt  upon  hia  ruatk- 
ftit  lyro,  and  in  a  iiioaieRt  took  the  lanMire  of  hii  mind,  in  which  ba 
dlsccm«d  MtDtthing  ifaat  be  detemined  to  eradicate :  "  Vou.  Sir,"  tM 
li«,  "with  more  confidencvi  and  conwcpicMly  ta«  reapcct  for  mr.  thanynt 
ought,  on  this  important  occMion,  to  (eel,  inqaire  for  your  proper  idbfa 
in  ihia  aehool  :  it  ia,  Ihrrpfort',  my  duty  lo  iofonii  you,  tbat  hill  a  ika 
only  dbtincliODt  that  arc  made  ore  ibotc  nhidi  ari*e  fron  wipertor  to* 
lealaaailauperiornpijlicAiioo;  Ibe  youth  that  wiah«a  to obtala  Mnltwaca, 
iBBft  Midcaraar  by  naiiduily  to  deMrne  it ;  UiMvfore,  yoar  plaev,  al 
pmirnt.  i*  on  the  lowrxt  scat  of  the  lowest  form  ;  you  will  rise  ia  aad- 
rmiral  rank,  according  to  your  scholastic  merit ;  and  I  ahall  b«  cjttnaw 
ly  gind  to  sec  your  geniut  nnd  application  carry  you,  in  a  *«fy  ahcrt 
time,  to  ll>e  hcwl  of  your  form,  ami  iriilrtd,  to  iho  bend  of  the  at|nut 
May  each  of  your  tnuiaitioiu  be,  ihcrrfurr,  di»(inguirbcd  by  llienvy  «• 
crtiuns,  the  only  neww  by  which  you  can  here  arrire  at  Ut«rai>  |Ma- 
oum," 

The  arebbiahop'a  worka  tontiat  of  I.  a  *C«Dcio  ad  CleRM^*  S.  A 
Latlfl  •peteh,  oa  pfMeatUif;  Dr  Thomas  as  Pn>li>cuior  to  ih«  Coa«w». 
tlon.  9.  Several  tingle  aermons,  eniong  whteh,  oatr  preacbcd  bafoeatW 
society  for  propogalin);  ilic  gotpel  in  loriign  parts,  cxoit«d  taneh  ___ 
tion,  and,  In  the  laiiffuage  of  a  wrilrr  of  ihm  day,  was  iboi^bl  of  an  ••  i 
tuleraat  coiniilexion."' 


JSiJiIjop  Qoiigltifl. 


MttH  a.  o.  ITSl^-MCD  s.n.  IM7. 


Da  John  Douolas,  btthop  of  Snlisbury.  wnn  bora  In   1721. 
was  the  son  of  Archibald  Uougtai,  a  mpceialile  iiHTcbant  at  tke  i 

'  Abrtijri  ftow  asBwIr  >a  tW  ■  Moailily  y^ila^  lie  Jsaaafr.  |ao^ 


Puna.) 


BlttlOr  DODOLAS. 


431 


I 


rillcnwrrm,  in  FiresUire.  Hi*  grandfaliMr'— «  younger  brotber  of  Uie 
(luailjr  of  I)t>iigl»  uf  T&IIJquilly,  in  tbe  ahire  o(  KiDrow,  one  of  iho  old* 
eu  bnDclita  of  tbr  Iioum  of  Douglas — «u  a  clergj'Diaii  of  tbe  epUcop*! 
crhureh  of  Scollatnl,  anJ  th«  immediate  Miccuwor  of  BUIiop  Huroot,  ia 
tJi«  liviii|;  of  Sullon.  in  Ka>t  Loihiui ;  from  whicli  prrfrntxriit  be  ««• 
rjccted,  at  tbe  Revolution,  «hm  pnsbjrtTiouiMD  wu  csublialicd  iu  Scot- 
land. 

Tbo  bishop  was  tor  lome  ynra  at  seliool  at  Dunbar.  Ia  I73G,  be 
tras  entered  a  coinnoBer  of  St  Mary's  liail,  Oxfunl.  H«  remaiuMl  ibcrc 
till  1738,  when  li«  rvniOTed  to  Baliol  collrf^v,  oa  b«ing  dected  an  cx- 
bibiiiancr  on  Bisliop  Warner's  Aniudatioo.  In  1741  li«  took  hb  iMob^ 
lor«  decree;  and  in  I7'l<t,  in  order  to  acijtiin:  n  fhrilJiy  of  tpfliinr 
Frcnchi  which  lie  bad  previoiuly  learnt  grain matically,  lie  «'eDt  tbrout 
■nd  r).-niaiii«d  for  lome  tiiu«  al  Montreal,  in  Pieardyi  and  aft«nrardaat 
Ght^iiL  On  bis  ntum  to  college,  in  17<l3,  lir  took  hit  Diaslar'a  degree ; 
and  having  b^en  ordained  d«acuu  in  1 744.  was  ap)K>rDled  lo  officiate  aa 
chaplain  to  tha  Sd  regiment  of  fool  guardi,  which  Ih' joined  Mheo  icrv- 
iiif;  with  the  combined  nruiy  in  tltDtlers.  During  ibe  tinw  ba  rraaiii* 
mI  niili  llie  army,  he  cmployrd  liimadr  M  lh«  Miidy  of  BoderD  lui- 
giia);f>.  He  was  not  an  in.ictivc  spectator  of  the  batlic  of  Font«noy, 
which  happriMMi  April  29lh.  1745,  at.  on  that  occasion,  hv  aas  employ- 
ed in  carryiug  order*  frtMn  Gcnrnd  C'ampbdl  to  the  Eoglisfa,  who  guard- 
ed the  village  in  which  he  and  thir  otlux  gcm-rala  were  statiuncd.  In 
SepUfiubcT,  IT4ii,  hv  reluruted  (o  EiJj{land,  with  that  iIctuchuM-'Ut  ufthe 
anuy  >hidi  was  ordered  home  on  ibc  tireaktng  out  uf  the  rL'bcllion; 
ukI  having  no  luii^r  any  cuuneetion  wiilt  the  guarda,  lie  «vnt  back  to 
Batiol  ooJIrge,  wberc  Itc  wu  cketml  ooc  of  Ihe  ezhilHtioiien  on  Mr 
SoeH's  foundation. 

In  1747  bcaas  ordained  prie«t,and  beeamocunie  of  Tilcbsnt,  nor 
Reading,  and  aftcrwardt  of  Puastrw,  in  Uxfordshire,  where  be  «a«  re- 
aiding,  when,  at  tlic  rc«oaumcuda(ian  of  Dr  Cbarica  Stuart,  and  Lady 
AHen,  a  particular  friend  of  tlie  bishop's  nsodier,  be  was  selected  1^ 
Lord  Bath  na  a  tutor,  to  accooipiaDy  Iu*  ton,  Lord  Pukeaey,  on  hi* 
travel*. 

After  aceoaiponying  his  pupil  ibroegh  nuious  parts  of  the  continent, 
Dr  I>ougU«  quitl<^  bis  charge,  ami  ntumcd  tu  Eoglaiid.  The  deatli 
of  tbia  yoong  noUanwn,  wbldi  bappcned  on  tint  litii  of  February,  1763, 
•cii;rely  adiicled  his  father,  Tbo  oMlaiwbaly  inielllgMce  was  eo«ivey- 
nl  to  him  by  Dr  DonglM,  and  Ibo  couununicnUini  of  l(  waa  Qltfiwlwl 
«illi  Tery  afllrciing  ciTramalaneea.  Hating  served  some  caatpAign*  fat 
I'urlugal,  Lord  I'ultraey  waa  ptooeediug  on  his  n-iuni  through  Spain, 
wlien  he  was  sctted  with  a  fever  and  died  nl  Madnd,  there  being  bo 
aaMBianec  lo  be  procur<sl  bat  (hat  of  an  ifnorant  Irialt  pbyssciAn.  On 
the  day  when  thr  iuMlij-incr  ul  this  unhappy  meMtvaclied  Lord  Sath'a 
bouae,  the  bmhup  of  Kocbi-sttr.  the  biabop  of  BriMul,  and  Dr  Douglaa, 
bad  met  Uicre  to  dine  wiih  hii  lordship,  and  coagratubie  hiiu  on  lbs 
pPOMW*  of  hii  aon's  retam.  Lord  Unlh  being  occids-nlally  iJetaiaed  at 
the  houH  of  loedt.  dtd  not  arrive  until  iltey  hud  all  aasrinblcd  ;  and 
wbilat  ibey  wailed  for  him,  tlie  deapaidi  waa  reorivcd.  Tlu-y  ogreed 
not  lo  dkeloM  the  news  uutil  the  eveuiBg.  Lord  Bath  talkod  of  no- 
Mng  dnril^  dinner  but  of  bb  sqb,  o(  his  long  abaaoeo,  aad  of  Ibo 
ph'aauK  ba  liouhl  have  in  teeing  bhn  settled  at  home,  and  married,— an 


45f  ECCLUIASTtCAL  SBMIO 

evmt  eieeedlnglf  dHtrable  lo  lo  rood  m  bther, 
cflate,  Bnd  no  other  chili)  to  ioberit  then.  Wkes  t^  miu.  »  m 
withdrewn,  fail  lordihip  filled  out  a  glav  of  viae  to  tfe  ^i^^P  ■'  ^ 
chnter,  who  ut  next  bim,  and  deaired  Ike  prcfate  to  driak  -mm 
health  or  Lord  Pultent^y,  and  Jii*  aafe  retDrB-"  The  hHbip  tf  Bc^ 
■aid,  with  noine  noletauity,  "  Mjr  lord.  I  drink  j««r  pooi  back.'— 
"  No  I  no  r  uid  Lord  Bath — "  yon  are  to  drink  to  Locd  Pu<wit 
gond  hFBllh." — "  My  turd,  rejoined  the  bsbom  I  dr^k  u>  jmt  im 
health,  and  may  God  support  yoa  noder  jomr  nfflieciaas!'*  Cpn 
which  Dr  Dougla*,  buratiug  into  tean,  related  the  matter.  "^Ii  vn.* 
laya  Bi*hop  Newton,  "  a  moving,  melancholy  sight,  to  ae«  thai  ch 
and  good  old  man  in  the  agonies  or  grief  ou  ao  aad  aad  jsM  aa  w» 
•ion,  and  miglit  have  moved  those  who  were  lot  interected  ahoat  :k 
parties  than  we  were."  Lord  Pulteney,  though  not  eqnnl  ocfba  a 
talenla  to  hii  father,  yet  had  assiduouiity  cnltivaled  ■  nntoiaUr  grr* 
ondcntanding,  and  would  have  done  honour  to  hi*  rank  had  h»  in 
been  iparcd. 

In  October,  1749,  Dr  Douglaa  took  poMewion  of  the  llTii^  of  Z^m- 
Conslantine,  and  the  donation  of  Uppington,  in  Shropahicv^  on  the  m- 
scntalion  of  Lord  Katlt.  In  November,  1750,  he  published  hii  &nt  m- 
erary  work,  '  The  Vindication  of  Milton'  from  the  charge  of  plagiaran 
brought  against  him  by  Lauder.  In  the  same  year  be  wms  pmenari 
by  Lord  Bath  to  the  living  of  Hi);h  Ercall,  and  vacated  that  of  Eat^ 
Conslantine.  He  only  resided  occasionally  on  hi*  livinga  ;  u  the  dt- 
•ire  of  Lord  Dalh,  he  took  a  house  contignoos  lo  Bath  honse^  where  h( 

ERMcrd  the  winter  months.  In  the  summer  he  generally  acconpaakd 
>orrl  Bath  in  his  excunions  to  Shrewsbury,  Tuobridge,  Cfaellcnhaa, 
and  Ratli,  and  in  his  viiiits  to  the  duke  of  Cleveland's,  Ixtnl  LntlcUM's. 
Sir  H.  Ilcdingfirlil's,  &c. 

In  the  *pring  of  1754,  he  published  the  'Criterion  oT  Miratdes,*  ■ 
the  form  of  a  letter  to  an  anonymous  correspoudent,  since  known  to  hav« 
been  Dr  Adam  Smith.  In  1756  he  wrote  a  pamphlet,  eotitled  'Am 
Apology  for  ihr  Clergy,'  against  the  Hutch inaoniana,  &c  ;  mad  sboRty 
aflerwards  anothiT  pamphlet,  entitled  '  The  Destruction  of  the  Freud 
fi>relold  by  Eiekiel,'  against  the  same  sects ;  being  an  ironical  defeBca 
of  them  against  the  attack  made  on  them  in  the  former  pamphlet  and 
a  burlesque  of  their  style  of  expounding  the  scriptures.  In  1756  he 
published  lii»  first  pamphlet  against  Archibald  Bower;  and  in  the  «(• 
tumn  of  that  year,  a  pamphlet  entitled  '  A  Serious  Defence  of  the  Ad- 
ministration ;'  being  an  ironical  justification  of  their  introducing  fbrvign 
troopt  to  defend  this  country.  In  1757  he  published  'Bower  and  1^ 
lemont  compared ;'  within  a  very  short  time  afterwarda,  •  A  full  Con- 
futation of  Bower's  Three  Defences ;'  and,  in  the  apring  of  1 75g  •  -j^ 
complete  and  final  Detection  of  Bower.'  In  the  Easter  term  of  this 
year  be  took  his  doctor's  degree,  and  was  presented  i^  Lord  Bath  to 
the  living  of  Kenley,  in  Shropshire.  In  1759  he  published  '  The  Con- 
duct of  a  late  Noble  Commander  candidly  considered,'  in  defence  <d 
Lord  George  Sackville.  In  the  same  year  he  wrote  and  published  '  A 
Letter  to  two  great  Men  on  the  Approach  of  Peace,' — a  pamnblcl 
which  excited  great  attention,  and  always  passed  for  having  been  writ- 
ten by  Lord  Balh.  In  1760  he  wrote  the  prebce  to  the  translation 
of  *  Hookc'd  Negotiatiwia.'     He    waa  this  year  appointed  one    of  his 


r 


■IlllOr  DOU4ILAS. 


4SS 


I 


majiily'a  diaplnini.  In  170!  Ix-  publislivd  '  Scaionable  Hints  from  on 
boDTut  Mni),'  UB  \ui  expo«itiuii  of  Lord  Cath'*  vVDlimmU.  In  Non-iu- 
Iwr,  1762,  li«  irai,  ilirou(-li  ilii-  iiitcrest  of  Lord  Ualli,  inttde  vanon  ol 
Windaor.  In  DoL-vniber  oi  ihal  yvar,  on  tW  day  on  which  tlie  pivliiD> 
inaripft  of  peaci?  yerv  to  b«  labca  itilo  con»idcration  in  paHiAmeot,  bo 
wrol«  the  paper  railed  '  Tbe  Sontiimtnto  of  a  rrpncJiman,'  vhich  woa 
printpd  on  A  tiif«t  of  p«ppr,  pMUd  Upon  lll«  nallti  in  rrrry  part  of  Lon- 
iloii.  &nil  Hiilritiulril  among  lite  oMinbMwa*  tlvcy  rnlrrcil  (Iiu  bouir.  In 
1763,  hi!  KUprrintcndcd  iliv  putilicalion  of  Hrnry,  Earl  of  CUrvodon's 
Diary  and  L<'lti-r>,  and  vrolc  the  prrfacv  whicli  is  prrlixed  10  ihoM 
papun.  In  )7<i4  Lord  Ibitli  dirdt  anil  left  huit  hit  library  ;  but  Gcn> 
ml  Pullenry  wiobiii);  Ihac  it  »liuuUl  not  be  reiUOTMl  from  Butli  House, 
he  rL-linqnbtird  bia  claim,  and  acocptird  £1000  in  ttvu  of  it.  Gi-ueral 
Pultrnry  krft  il  lo  liiai  mgun  tX  bia  ii»Ui.  and  k«  again  gavtt  il  up  (0 
the  tatp  Sir  William  Pulieney  for  the  aame  aum. 

In  l>C4>  he  ciclianj^nl  bi«  living  tn  Shropihirc  (hr  that  of  St  Ana- 
lin'a  and  St  Faiifa'a  in  Wotbinft-^rnct,  London.  In  April,  1765,  h« 
iiiarrird  Etizibeib,  daoKhtiT  of  H.  Koiikc,  Km]-  Dnrinf;  tbb  uiid  tlie 
preceding  year,  an  abo  in  1768,  be  wrote  >«v«nil  pulitioal  papt-r*.  which 
»i-rr  priiilcd  in  the  '  Public  Advertiser,'  aiid  all  the  letters  wliieli  appcarrd 
in  that  pap«r  in  I77U  and  1771,  under  tbu  tignatures  uf  Tacitus  aiid 
Manlius,  vrr«  wrlitni  by  bim.  In  1773  he  aasiated  Sir  John  Dal* 
rymplr  in  afraogiug  lila  MSS.  Id  1776  be  waa  renwived  from  the 
efaapt^r  of  WiixlRor  to  that  of  S{  Paul's,  Dunns  thia  and  ilic  aub> 
aM|ii«nl  year,  he  was  employed  in  prr{)aring  Captain  Cook's  jounial  for 
publicarioo,  which  be  undertook  at  th«  ur^gcDl  requeat  of  Lord  Sand* 
wtcfi,  ihrn  Stm  lord  of  tlie  admirallj.  In  1777  he  iwitud  Lord 
Hanlwicke  in  arranging  bU  niiKcllani-ou*  pap<'ra,  wfiirh  caiur  out  in 
tlir  rolluoini;  year.  In  177H  be  was  ciccti-d  a  mptnlicr  of  fnii  Koyal 
and  ADtit|uartan  soeieti**.  In  1761  he  was  a^iiin  applied  to  by  LonI 
Sandwich,  lo  reduce  into  a  shape  fit  for  inibliralKm,  the  journal  ol 
Captaio  Cook'a  third  and  last  vojag*.  The  introduction  and  bo4m 
v«r«  aupplied  by  liini.  In  tbb  year  be  was  elected  pmideat  of  S«on 
CoUt||a  Ibr  the  year,  and  pr«8ch«l  tlie  Latin  aennnn  before  that  body. 
In  17B6  he  was  circted  ofie  of  the  vice-preaidenta  of  the  Anti(|uariaii 
•oeiety:  and  in  I7H7  aae  of  ifae  trosices  of  the  Brltitb  Mmevin. 

In  Sepirmbcr  of  this  year,  lie  vai  appointed  biUiop  of  Carliale;  aiMl 
In  I7S8,  aiicrreili^  to  tbe  dtwnery  of  Wimkor,  for  which  be  vaeaMil 
bia  rendcntiarj'tlilp  of  St  Paufs.  In  I78S  be  peeaebed  bcfbm  tbo 
booae  nf  k>nit.  and  of  course  poblisli^^l  tbc  scmon,  on  the  aiinirvraaiy 
of  King  CbariiVs  martynlom.  In  Jddo,  1791,  be  was  Iraoidiiittl  to 
the  tec  of  Salisbury,  lo  1793  be  |>n-acbed  ibe  anniversary  M-mtoo 
before  the  Society  br  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel,  whicli  is  prcBxi-d 
lo  the  annual  prininl  accoont  of  tbi-ir  jiroceedings.  Such  were  hi* 
habit*  of  inrt-wMM  appbcnlion  to  tbc  last  huur  uf  liis  lutig  prutraeled 
life,  tlul  li'W  mm  could  bare  read  more,  tor  be  never  deemtil  any 
apace  of  time  too  sbort  to  be  employed  in  rradiug,  nor  was  lie  rrer 
acen  by  any  of  his  fiunily— cuvpt  when  strsngtr*  were  present — wilk- 
out  hatinp  a  bonk  or  a  pen  tn  his  hand. 

He  retained  his  farulliea  to  lh«  lasl,  and  till  within  two  day*  of  bia 
dMth  anuaarf  fctmaelf  aome  boun  each  day  by  rtwUng.  After  n  IHii 
Ibtia  devoted  u  Uw  tmum  of  literature  and  rdistom  ud  not  tpcol  in 


iccLesiAxr;CAL  muL  [Xi 


miiitTj  McJsHMi  (roa  the  aotid,  bvt  is  the  widrt  ml  ife 

Mwt  ba*7  •CKTMl^  ke  drew  kti  bM  bmtk  oa  the  Idth  of  Ma7,  1807, 


KM!   L  D.   173a PVD  A.  R.   ISOB. 

RicHABD  HiBD  aai  boni  at  Congrere,  in  StaAirdihire,  on  the  13ih 
(W  jMBumry,  1720.  Hii  parenU  verc,  Mcordiag  to  tui  own  atateoMat, 
"  plain,  boDctt,  and  good  people, — &tiMT«,  bot  of  a  tarn  of  mind  tkit 
niight  have  lionouml  any  rank  and  any  edacalion."  Afl«r  paaug 
*ume  time  at  two  provincial  ichools,  be  waa  admitted,  id  1733,  «( 
Emanuel  college,  Cambridge,  wbere  he  took  the  degree  of  B.  A.  ia 
1736,  and  proceeded  M.  A.  in  1742,  during  which  year  be  na  deded 
to  a  (ellowthip;  shortly  after,  be  took  deacon's  orders,  and  becsMe 
B.  D.  in  1774. 

Tlie  fociety  of  EmaDuel  collegi;  presented  him  to  the  liring  of  Tliiir- 
eaaton  in  I^iccstenhire.  In  the  retirement  or  his  con ntry -parish  k« 
prepared  hi*  edition  of  the  '  An  Poetica,'  which  he  dedicated  to  W«fw 
Iturton.  That  prelate  «oon  recogni»e<l  hi*  6ne  scholarafaip,  and  n^de 
him  archdeacon  of  hi*  diocew  i  be  abo  procured  hi*  appoiatmeot  lo 
the  prearhership  of  Lincoln'*  inn,  on  (he  vacancy  occasiooed  by  hk 
own  reiii^ nation, 

Tht:  twelve  discourte*  which  be  delivered  at  the  lectare  which  bad 
Ih'cd  founded  by  fain  patron  for  the  illustration  of  the  prophecies,  added 
lu  the  higli  reputation  which  he  already  enjoyed.  They  attracted  the 
attention  of  William,  carl  of  Man>6e1d;  and,  at  the  request  of  that 
nobleman,  Dr  Hurd  waa  appointed  to  succeed  the  arcfabiataop  of  \<ak 
a>  preceptor  to  ibeir  royal  bighneBBe*  the  prince  of  Wales  and  the  duke 
of  York. 

Is  1774  hii  majesty,  with  circumstances  of  grace  and  regard  which 
peculiarly  marked  hi*  perfect  approbation,  conferred  oa  bim  the 
bishopric  of  Licbtietd  and  Coventry.  In  1781  the  king  appointed  htB 
elerk  of  the  doiiet-  In  the  tame  year  be  wa«  translated  to  the  aec  ol 
Worcciler;  and  in  1763,  on  the  death  of  Archbishop  Comwallia,  be 
had  (he  offer  of  the  primacy,  which,  however,  he  declined,  "  aa  a  chatge 
not  suited  to  his  temper  and  talents,  and  much  too  heavy  for  bim  to 
sustain,  especially  in  such  troubled  times.  Several  much  greater  loen 
than  myself,"  added  he,  "  have  been  contented  to  die  bishops  of  Wor- 
ccHter:  and  1  wish  for  no  higher  preferment." 

The  remainder  of  his  life  was  passed,  with  very  few  intervals  of  ab- 
■•eDce,  in  his  diocese,  where  he  enjoyed  an  almost  filial  afiectioa  and 
respect  from  all  around  hint.  His  serious  employment  consisted  in  the 
■trictcsl  discharge  of  the  spiritual  and  temporal  duties  of  his  statioa; 
and  his  amusements,  in  literary  composition,  and  (be  revisal  of  hi* 
former  works.  He  died  unmarried  at  Harilebury,  on  Saturday,  the 
fi(h  of  June,  1808,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

His  Krst  publication  was  Horace's  epistle  to  the  Piaos,  1749,  which 
was  nprintfd,  together  with  the  epistle  to  Augustus,  in  1753,  in  (wo 
octavo  volumes,  with  an  English  commentary  and  nutea.     This  work. 


Pnion.  ] 


JOH!!  VHITAKRR. 


455 


rariau*  oditioM  of  wfai«li  have  uiice  appeared,  iti  eateerned  one  of  ilir 
nuiit  aciitr  and  rtaiwieal  piccca  of  criikism  in  th«  language-  Hia  *  Le(- 
Icn  on  Chivalry  nn<l  Koinanoe'  were  ivpublUlied  in  1 765,  togtilw-r  irilh 
hi*  '  Moral  and  I'oliiical  Uialogaea,'  in  thrae  laiall  votunin.'  Aboul 
th<-  name  time.  Mr  Elame  put  forth  hii  c«My  on  lliv  '  Naian:  and  Hit- 
tory  uf  I{fli{;ion,'  wliich  l>r  Kurd  utinwcrcd  with  ■  boklnciB  anil  penpi- 
eaity  wliicli  suiti'd  hii  oollinji  and  his  tairiitu,  Humi;,  tu  his  n-joindcr, 
rhargM  liiw  with  "all  the  illiberal  petulaucv,  arro^auoe,  and  acurrilitj 
of  tht  Warburtonian  aehooi." 

The  twelve  ditcouraes  at  Bishop  \\'arburtorj*s  lectures  for  the  Lin- 
colnVinn  rbapri,  wtrr«  publiihi-d  iii  1772.  Some  paatsgea  in  ibem 
wrrr  nllacked  by  Mr  Evansoii.  la  tlic  same  year  he  publi«hcd  *  Select 
Work*  of  Abraham  Coul^'y,'  with  >  prefaee  and  note*,  in  two  nmnll 
ORtaro  volump*.  In  1776,  he  published  a  vnlum<t  of  nermona  [Mrnchi^ 
nt  LincohiViiiR  chipri,  bi-lwem  the  yc«r*  1766  and  1776  ;  to  which, 
in  I7S1,  he  added  iwo  niore. 

Hii  largeM  work  Bppeari-d  iu  17S8:  thia  waa  an  odllion  oftbe  works 
of  Bishop  Warburton,  iii  w-reii  Toluoieai  quarto,  with  a  nippleniental 
voliimt!  in  octavo.  For  Ilie  dc6cieii«ie«  of  this  vollectian,  he  was  at- 
tacked by  l>r  I'arr;  who,  to  aup|>ly  the  prelale'a  omiwioiM,  prinlrd  a 
volume  rniitlrd,  •  Tracu  by  Warburton  and  B  Warburtoniin.'  Tlio 
lait  literary  labour  tindcrtoken  by  flurd  wna  Ui«  vnuigrincnt  lor  pub- 
lication of  Warburton'*  correfpondoRCc. 


aOM  A. ».  ITai.— Diab  a.  o.  IMS. 

John  Whitakbk  wm  bam  at  Mancl»r«tcr  nlmul  the  ynr  17S5. 
He  w^-nt  early  lo  Oiford,  whtrc  he  was  ilMtcd  fellow  of  Christ  ehurcii, 
aod  alKrc  be  discuvervd  thote  orif^inalities  and  peculiarities  i>f  mimt 
«hicli  aflrrwardi  M  siroogly  marked  him  M  ait  anihor  and  a*  a  man- 
Hi*  rigour  of  intellect  nl  onee  displayed  Itaelf  among  hU  aoquaintance; 
Ikii,  whilst  Ilia  animated  coaveraatlon  df«w  many  aroand  htm,  a  few 
wero  repelled  IVom  the  cir«l«  by  hi*  inipuiiene«  of  cootradiotioa.  T1i« 
character  of  hit  ijenius.  however,  una  sood  decidedly  muiiftalMl  in 
literary  eoropotiiion.  In  1771  Mr  Whiiakrr  publiUicd  hb  '  HiMory 
of  Mancheatpr,'  In  t|iiartu,  ■  work~— duttinguiabed  ahuvi-  all  olb^'r  work* 
of  the  Haw  lor  aeureticu  of  researrh,  iKild  iHugitialion,  iudepciulcnt 
■enlinieut.  and  eorrrcl  infbrmaiion,  Nor  doe*  it*  comjMMtlon  leaa 
inrrii  applause,  wheihrr  wiih  mpr^  (o  ihr  arrangetnent  of  the  male- 
rials,  the  style,  or  ihr  lanjEuagr.  With  re|tnnl  lo  Ilu-  p'Ocral  sabject. 
it  may  be  obMrv«l,  that  Mr  WhitakiT  was  the  first  wriler  who  could 
•o  hf  hi  up  lb*  rvnion  of  antiqaaxianiim  a*  lo  diMipnte  it*  obscurity. 
tvn  to  ilw  ayea  of  ordiawj  tpectaton.     Tbe  dbmrcrin  of  our  anti- 


■  ^  floaw  «f  Htm*  plsea  had  »fps«w4  Mbts^  wMwM  a  MWk  atrf  iMr  mtims 
pwtaMy  M  Ui*  tfiltm  Mibsr  M  fafcliifc  a  aoaiplsto  wmI  iiWf  J  edUloa.  TIm* 
Alsliauw  aslBM  ■  pnAwMl  haoaMiia  et  ih*  RaslU  Uumj  m1  auammUsa,  sb4 
|]faMh«  a  wana  sMaihaml  u  Ika  eauH  at  lAaili.  tl  It  lald  (hU  Ik*  Uaf.  una  lUji 
MtnilBf  la  (hM>  JIdiMss.  rtiinil  •  TImw  aada  llnrd  ■  btsbn.  I  a*i«t  ■•  liiin 
in  W  ABi*  to  kta  kaad>.-'WMM*V  MvufM^ 


45& 


ECCLILRArriCAL  HIIU- 


i|iiari»,  indeed,  b*re  bc«B  atleaded  villi  no  brilliant  >ucoc**  i  tmt 
Wbitaker'*  '  >1s»ch«»ter'  i»  oiw  oTlti*  Tew  book*  in  which  the  initk  af 
our  blaBd-liulory  hu  brva  rJucidatrd  by  the  hanil  of  a  mactcr. 

It  I*  railicf  finf:ubir  Ibal  ihii  vork  was— in  ihc  ordrr  of  nefft  m 
well  M  lintr — (iie  lint  of  Mr  Whilakrr'i  piiblicatioB*.  la  pCvpOTliM 
W  he  odrauced  in  lite  bii  imagiaatioo  «ccni«,  by  a  >lrai>ge  inveniOB  ■( 
wluit  ii  charnc^-riilic  of  uur  oalure.  lu  ba*c  gained  an  aaeeadaac^  wtr 
liU  judgtiit-nl ;  aail  >v  pcfccive  m^re  of  fRDcy  and  arpMsioa,^-«rc^»- 
jpFturi'  anit  bypoUicaii, — in  soni«  of  liii  Mibwijuirut  prodnctiotis.  I{k 
*Gfnuiiic  Hivtoiy  of  tb«  Briiom  aat^rttd,' — an  ocuvo  Tolumr,  pab- 
liai>ed  ill  1788.— ma;  be  regviMMa  »«]u«l  to  hiapravtous  work.  It 
MBtaim  a  complete  refaUtioB  of  MarpherAODi  witofe  *  lDtrodnclio«  id 
tlic  Hintor^  of  Givat  Britain  and  Iralaad'  ia  full  of  palpable  MfU*,t-^ 
and  misrrpKMcntntioni. 

In  1773  wv  Gnd  Mr  Whilnkrr  filling  lh«  office  of  the  nMrBiag 
pirachcr  at  Bcrkelry  chapri,  London,  la  vhi«h  office  he  bad  been  m^ 
pointed  by  Mr  llughm;  but  about  ihc  rnd  of  tbc  foUowini^  year  W 
va>  removed  IVoia  tliai  niliutton.  Thi*  gave  occbmcmi  Io  the  paW^ 
tion  of  *  The  Cue  between  Mr  Wbitaker  and  Mr  Huf;b<«,  rc'leiire  le 
the  MomiDg-prracbcrsliip  of  Berkeley  chapd :'  in  which  &Ir  WUiakci 
relates  Knnu  rcmaikabte  jutnieulan,  and  ilrt-laru  bimsrlf  "  uneJUnUj 
determined  to  currj*  the  tuulter  into  Wcatuimter  ball  I"  Ue  aetnaSji 
oaed  lits  uiiDuit  eHbrti  to  briu|»  hi*  deienatiMtioN  into  aetion ;  bit  tite 
fervour  of  hia  naentuitat  (hr«w  him  off  hit  guard,  ami  kr  i  i|ii— mI 
hJBifelf  (o  mdiHi-n-i'ily  ibal  bis  *  Case'  «ai  conaiderMi  a*  a  tibel  bjr  ifa 
Miurt  of  king's  bvtich.  During  his  r«sid«nce  in  London  be  iiad  an  op- 
portunity of  conversing  with  etvcrol  of  our  moH  crtebrated  wrilm. 
Among  whom  were  Dr  John^ou  and  the  bistoriaB  of  the  Kumao  mpire. 
It  doe*  BOt  appear  ihut  tht  fuiuicu'  of  thete  pwlien  was  moeh  attac1>ed 
Io  Wbitaker.  With  Gibbon  Mr  Whitaker  wu  well-ac(jDaiai«L  TW 
monuMript  of  lb«  flrst  volume  of  ■  The  Decline  and  Fall  of  ihc  Roaaa 
Empire'  waa  aubiuitted  to  his  inspection :  but,  to  bis  lurjime,  wbe«  he 
road  the  aanie  volume  in  priut,  l>e  found  that  diapter,  which  faoa  been 
so  obnoxious  to  the  Christian  world,  llien  for  ibo  first  lime  inttoduetrf 
to  hi*  Dolico  I 

About  the  jcar  I77B  he  su«e*«ded,  at  bilow  of  Corpus  Cfaristi  ecl- 
Irse,  to  the  reolory  of  Ruan-Laiiy borne,  Cornwall,  oae  of  the  meat 
VMuaUe  livings  in  the  gift  of  iliat  college,  where  be  hail  proceeded  to 
hia  degree  of  B.  D.  It  might  have  been  eipeeieil  Uiat  relbcmtM  atd 
leinire  would  greatly  &raor  the  pursuits  of  liirraiure,  and  tbu,  iho^h 
'■he  convefser* — Io  use  an  expression  of  Mr  Wbitaker— had  din^ 
ptarrd,  the  author  n-ould  bmk  forth  with  new  energies.  But  Rwo^ 
Lanyhoma  was,  for  M-vcml  year),  no  iranqoil  ecu  of  the  Muaesb  Mr 
Wbitaker  had  propotetl  a  til  he -luni petition  to  hi*  parlalnoM-ra  by  oo 
inrani  anrcnsotiable.  This  ihry  rrFuicil  to  pay ;  but  ha  «M  MMiljr  M 
hb  pnrpuw.  A  roptore  rniued  brlweeo  the  portit*:  iho  tatlMo  weto 
deoMmied  in  kind;  disputes  aroae  u{>on  diipules,  Biiimotitifv  were 
kindled,  and  litigaiMXis  took  place.  It  wa*  loiw  before  lunhoojr  wm 
miored  to  Run-Lanyhonie.  lu  I78S  Mr  Wbitaker  publMb«d  • 
vohtmo  of  '  Sermons.'  Thai  be  shoold  hate  puUiabed  ao  little  in  the 
jiur  of  hi*  professiMi  is  perhaps  to  be  reunited  :  hia  '  Orif in  of  Arun- 
hiu'  is  a  mntroversiBl  tract  full  of  erodiiiou  and  ingeBiotH  nrjnnuBlai 


I'»l9»] 


nUllOP  POKTIOUK- 


457 


tion.  Anodirr  tractulc  or  Mr  ^^'lliCIlk<'^'K  was  ai>  rtaay  on  '  The  Real 
Origin  of  OovrraniFiU,'  cxpanik-d  into  a  coasiOrrable  tn-atiM-,  (loiu  u 
termou  irbicb  he  had  |>rcai:bcd  bclbn!  Babop  Butkri  at  tiu  lofiJ^liifi'* 

Kimary  vMitatiofi.  In  thi-  nMnnlitne  tbc  antiquary  was  i»ot  at  rvti. 
b  '  Mary  Quc<:ii  of  Scota,'  i>ul>tuibi-(l  in  1787,  iu  three  odatt*  vol- 
uinuai  bia  '  Coune  of  Haiiuitjol  over  tbc  Alps,'— 'hb  '  Audent  Calbe- 
dral  of  Coruwall.' — bin  '  Supplcmnnl  to  Mr  l'oI<rh«le'a  Auli(|uitiea  or 
Cuniwa]),' — all  Turnisb  good  e\-iil«uct!  of  au  uDagtnatioii  mntiuually 
ucL-upitnl  in  fiiroiirilv  punuiu.  In  criticism  we  tad  lutu,  fur  the  luott 
port,  candid  and  guud-iuiured, — tiot  sparinj;  of  ceoHirc.  uur  yet  Isfiah 
vf  u|i|)luuM.-, — aad  ult'unling  uh,  in  nuuitruui  iimtancf*,  ihe  cuoM  agtee- 
able  (irooGt  of  genuine  bcoevolmcv.  It  was  bia  critiqiK.'  on  Gibbon 
that  eon tribulM  greatly  to  tlie  reputation  of  '  Tbu  Eugtish  Review,'  iu 
whicb  Mr  Whilakirr  wuji  ibe  aullior  of  many  valuable  arliclcs.  To  lii> 
pt-n,  alM>  '  Tbc  Ilrilikh  Critic,'  and  '  Tlic  Aotijacobiii  llcview,'  w«re 
indcbtfd  for  rarioui  piece*  of  ciiliciim.  Tbc  Inut  work  upon  wbich 
Mr  Wbilakcr  employed  bi*  pen  wax  ibe  life  of  St  Neot,  tbc  Hdeat 
braihcr  of  King  AUwd. 

Ainidxt  bix  ardent  and  indcfaligubJe  rcM-arcbc*  into  Ibe  ontiquilira 
of  l.omUin,  hk  friend*  dett«tcil  llic  fir*t  nyniplotiu  of  bodily  drcny.  A 
jouriicy  whicb  lie  made  tu  London  in  conneelion  witii  lhi>  rntrrprw, 
— his  riat  exertioui  there  in  proctmnj;  iiifurmalion,— and  hi*  cKciting 
inlrrcaurvc  witb  literary  cbaracler*,— ^iruughi  on  a  debility  which  bn 
little  at  firrt  regarded,  till  it  olnrmc^  him  in  a  stroke  of  (nnlyai*. 
From  ihii  lie  never  recovered  tu  sueli  a  degree  as  to  be  able  to  re*iitno> 
with  any  good  clTctt,  liit  sludiv*  or  oceupatioa*,     He  dinl  in  I8O1I 


Micljop  |?oi'troii0,  D.C 


•nan  A.  ■>.  IT3I.— niEi'  a.  u.  ItNKt. 


Diit.nv  l'i>RTi«L».  »iir  of  ibe  youiigivl  of  a  Inmily  u<  niiM-iern  i-liil- 
drvn,  wax  bom  nt  Yofi  in  1731.  His  parent*,  of  Eiigliili  ntr»ciion, 
w«r«  aattTtn  of  North  AuM-rica.  Mv  had  nu  othi-r  adinnlagc  uf  vdii- 
ntlOB  In  odIj  lift  tbiui  tliat  wbieb  was  aJbwded  by  a  oooiinon  uoctb- 
coBBtrjr  gr»mur«ebaol.  At  the  ntual  ugt  bn  rvniovwl  to  Cunbridgv, 
wb«ra  be  rMoameixIrtl  himielf  by  kU  MndioianeM  uil  n^uhrityi  ami 
garc  no  unpromtMng  |iroo(  of  lolitil*  and  imlutojr.  Tfao  year  mtlcr  In- 
took  hi*  bMbclor'*  atfrtt  be  wan  ckcUd  fellow  of  tlic  eoUcge  to  which 
ba  btlHigod.  Ho  Mipf)li«d  tbc  ikfidrncj  of  In*  ineouM;  at  Ibi*  time 
by  uadcrtoluDg  tbo  enr«  of  mok  private  pupil* ;  and,  lu  be  becaaw 
niofi)  known,  Itc  ne()ijiml  an  incroaiing  cliararter  far  m|H<etjiIiility  n( 
eondact  and  lilorary  talent*.  Ilia  only  putilicatMo*  ihiriug  Ui«  acadi^ 
mled  p«rt  of  bia  life  lesm  to  bavo  been  bin  |>o<-m  mi  Ucalli,  nhieb  ob- 
tointd  Um  SasloniaB  iwiw,  and  a  •vmKni  prt*cbed  bafom  tlw  nnimraily 
onUMdwaclarofKing  David.  Tbapovminoor  ainoagrtllirrrry  few 
writiea  fbr  Uw  Seatoalu  nriico  wbicb  haivi!  not  aunk  into  oblivion  *oon 
after  Ibeir  «|i(i«Bmnce.  It  ia  wrillen  in  all  pari*  with  frrling  and  in 
many  witb  UMr :  ihi-  plan  of  It  i*  wrll  poiteeivrd  ;  tbp  ileaeriptinnt  arc 
rirnng,  glowing,  luid  *ptritr*l  -.  the  Inngiucu  now  end  ihrn  bordcn  on 
tSe  harsh  and  tmcooih,  Bnd  ihf  rhyihw  is  ai  1ib«9  not  ipiltfl  hariuo* 

VII.  3  u 


4W 


eCCLStlASTICAL  SBRIU. 


C» 


oimtt.  Few  poenu  to  good  ever  pro<y?c<Jci]  rrom  iiajr  ptnoD  wlio  h»a 
ROMiaed  without  oelebrity  for  poetical  merit.  TIw  wnnon  an  Kmjt 
Datid  wa>  occasiooed  by  a  lioentKNu  pampUM)  callad  ■  The  Hisuw?  of 
ihe  M«A  after  God'd  own  Heart,'  wtiicb  had  UMla  ■  dongerou*  impnM> 
vion  on  tli«  pablie  mitidi  by  a  &be  r«pm«iUatioB  of  David's  cbsrvctcr, 
and  of  tbc  reasons  for  which  ba  waa  appro*«d  by  God.  Tbia  »crmtm 
introdtioMi  him  to  tli«  notice  of  Arobbiahop  Seeker,  «bo  ttppointecl  bui 
ODv  of  bia  domestic  cbaplaiiu. 

Here,  tbrn,  in  1762|  eofanciiced  a  new  «ra  in  ht(  Itfie.  At  L^nnbMb 
he  had  ihe  Bilmitiige  of  punoiiiK  bit  MudiM  witb  tttfi  fi-rrrfrtrr  of  a 
good  library.  Arclibiahop  S«cki>r  proved  a  kind  friend  aad  ■  tibial 
beii«liwtor:  bn  gave  hiiu  wine  pref>»tu«oi  after  be  bad  rt^dftl  with 
him  Ino  yean,  by  which  be  <raa  eubled  to  taany,  and  tkordr  afkr 
he  added  lh«  rectory  of  Lambeth.  At  thii  tine  he  took  hi*  doctor'* 
degree  al  Cambrid^,  and  preaclied  a  leraioo  beAre  lh<-  unirenitft 
uhich  wai  allcrvranb  <enl  (o  (hL>  prcef.  The  preacber  bad  laMtiiHil 
ilie  nant  of  tuAcient  aiicatioo  to  ilieoiogy  aaMogit  ibe  di6r<»eiit  aea- 
<iriuical  niudies.  TbcM  obeervatioos  happened  lo  eatch  iht  utanimi 
of  a  geiilleinaii  io  Norfolk,  Mr  Nonis,  vho  was  iadaccd  la  form  and 
«m1ow  a  permaNent  {irofeuorship  for  the  porpOM  of  ci*4ag  tbeoleigkal 
It-Oturee  lo  the  MudiinU,  and  also  to  inUttole  aa  aimiMl  pr«nlam  for  tka 
iMMt  eisay  on  Mine  ibeologital  eabjecL  Ar«bbWiop  Seoker  di^^d  hi 
IJflS.  Ur  Porteous.  aclaal«d  by  grataAil  renoabniKe  of  a  prraon 
who  had  ])ro>ed  to  him  the  kindeat  and  tbe  beal  of  frifndf^  and  in  dis- 
charge of  a  triut  reposed  in  him  by  will,  revised  and  edited  hi*  aernwoe, 
liroluree.  and  other  writing*.  To  these  be  prefixed  a  review  of  ibe 
arcbbUbop**  life  and  chnrncler,  wrilirn  with  dcgancr  anilJndgmenL 

After  the  dcatli  of  Archbishop  .Srekrr,  Dr  Portcooi  divKl<^  his  reai- 
ilenoe  between  Lambeth  and  anolhrr  liring  wfaicb  he  behl  in  Krnt,  and 
perfbrmed  with  rxrni|tlan-  diligence  tbc  dati4«  of  a  paritb  priest.  He 
was  promoted  in  17J6  (o  llu>  biahnprie  of  Chester.  Tbii  prrfcnaMit 
was  perfectly  unsolicited,  and  wholly  uncuprcieU  till  a  aboft  lime  br. 
tile  it  look  place  Another  biogiapbcr  infurais  m  that  his  pnMnoiion 
wafl  owing  to  iIm)  qDe«-n.  who  obtainMl  nueh  popuUriiy  by  eoolribotbig 
to  t^levato  (o  tiraptriog  a  ehanieter.  Ilanng  performed  the  dionaan 
duties  of  Cbo>t«r  for  eleven  yean  li«  was  pnMMMcil,  in  1767,  lo  Ibe 
buliopric  of  London.  Ilr  ■■  aiid  to  have  left  hb  Ibrmer  dioeeec  wkb 
rcluctaooc.  baring  attat^brd  liimselfto  it  by  much  Jatereoarse  of  civitlt j 
aMoogu  Uk  dcrgy  and  olber  inbabllants,  and  projevted  aeveral  phw 
at  haprorcniaM  wbleb  be  was  anwtlling  to  break  otT.  His  appolMnMot 
appcafs  lo  have  been  owing  to  the  ezpm*  reeommendation  of  Mr  PEtt, 
who  conwlered  htm  to  poasem  the  bMl  quoliflcauoua  for  tbe  situaiian, 
Svtijnine*)  to  a  copy  of  Mr  Pitt's  letter,  iolbrmtog  him  of  his  appolol- 
iDCQl,  tho  following  word*  wcro  found  written  with  the  bisbo]i'8  own 
liandt  "I  arkonwledjio  the  goodness  of  a  kind  Provid*i>ee,  and  am 
■cniiMc  that  nothing  but  tbk  oowld  liavo  placed  me  in  a  aitoatJoa  s» 
infinlirly  irancceniling  my  ■■xpcctaliont  and  deserU." 

Ill  ath-nding  to  llir  imnH-diate  biwinrta  of  IHs  rfiocne  hb  dil^ 
wa*  uaKparinl.     The  rJiargo  which  he  d«-l!vor«^l  In  tlie  ctergy  M 
flnt  v><iifllinn  in  the  likKi-**  of  Cbeslcr  i*  prinieil  among  fcb 
la  thi*  he  etilnrgea  with   cafnsatni  On  the  studle*  and  hablu 
twitrd  to  the  oterieal  diaractcv,  c&foree*  parlicuUrly  tho   idiairtagai  aC 


I 


Piano.) 


Bttiior  rouTKoct. 


418 


penonal  r«tdence>  an<l  rccoium«ii<b  an  atli-nlioii  (o  il«cornra  ai  la  dnil 
and  ftppeamDCC.  no  leta  tlian  to  mUlcn  of  more  «iM-iitUI  iniportjuccL 
The  {wrwBal  raiMeRoe  of  tlw  dergy.  iiiilMd.  wu  at  all  timo  a  prinmry 
objoct  of  hia  eomidenUiaii.  By  betpinf;  this  conMaiill}'  in  vlcv  during 
Uk!  [ong  pcrioil  of  hii  preaiding  oTcr  Um;  diocea(>  of  London,  li«  effvcud 
an  imporunt  ch&ng(>  in  this  rcspecC ;  insomucb,  ibal,  al  ihr  timo  of  lii* 
dcct-ax-,  whcn^  accidonial  circiiin»tdncea  did  not  inlerpow,  aD  ad«<(]i)ate 
aecoiamodalion  waa  provnlod  in  mrpry  parish,  and  the  proper  minuter 
tm  aeUuJIjr  rc*idriit.  In  liis  priaiarjr  charge  to  tfcc  diocsM  of  London, 
uliicli  is  alio  printed,  be  recomwcndcd,  brndm  tiili  momcntoii*  object  of 
paroi-hjal  rrxidmci!,  an  incKoaa of  aabrj  to  the  curnin  omplojiTd:  and 
bv  al.io  iri*]i«d  to  dirrcl  lh«  aili^ntion  of  tbo  clergy  lo  an  improvrtarnt 
ill  church  pialmody,  a»  he  knnw  ibal  the  tliMentetn  madi;  great  luc  of 
music  to  allure  ooagTCt;ationa.  Anotbcr  aol^acti  which  lie  wa*  always 
carncat  in  rMOmnondiag,  waa  iha  inalraetion  of  ibe  poorer  cUmm  :  aa 
a  maaoa  of  rlfcding  ihi),  W  promoted  tho  MUUtibBM^i  of  Suiid.iy 
acboola;  anil,  ahilc  he  «a*  bi*liofi  of  Cbeater,  addricaKKl  a  letter  to  bin 
clergy,  brcibly  pointing  out  Ibo  atlvnnlagrji  of  nich  inRtitulioM,  ami 
the  good  effccU  to  ba  expected  from  their  moro  rxtrniivf*  adoption. 
That  altenlion,  moreorcr,  to  tbc  calls  of  doty  ohicb  Bikhop  rortco«» 
wa«  ao  caraeat  in  enbreing  upon  otbera,  be  oa.*  mott  forvanl  lo  pay 
biinicir.  In  particular,  for  the  purpose  of  clitcking  indllfirrrncc  to  rc- 
liKiou*  dulie*  and  diHipalion  of  manocn,  wblcb  appcami  to  him  to  h* 
fixing  ibcnudrr*  l)y  firmer  niob  in  our  national  cliaraetrr,  be  riotrr- 
■nioeil  lo  deliver,  at  >St  Jamea*  church,  bi*  coanc  of  locturas  dimd  St 
Mauh«w'*  gotpel.  The  Mocca*  wbieh  attonded  ibem  eicoodud  hi* 
espootatioM :  tbc  church  iraa  always  crowded,  tlie  audience  appearMi 
to  ftt\  what  bo  taid,  and  weul  away  gruiificd  and  improved.  He  erer 
after  oaprMttd  gnat  Mtitbcitoii  ot  ibe  ttbct  wblcb  ibne  lecttnca  ap- 
]<«mnMl  lo  hB*a  on  the  public.  The  lait  imblia  act  of  U*  Ulb  wia  lUreMMi 
towarda  tbo  obwfvanoe  of  the  Safabatb.  Tbe  MOOaat  aball  bo  given 
in  bia  owii  word* ;  "  I  had  Ibe  aomc  lime  paat  obanwd  in  MTeral  of 
tlie  Mpcn  an  account  of  a  mectiBg,  chiefly  of  mOitary  geiiilrnim,  at  a 
liolel  at  Ibe  wrtt  end  of  the  town,  wbiob  waa  rtguJarly  ann»iinc4-d  a> 
held  every  otbor  Sanday  during  the  winter  aeaaoti.  Thi«  spprnrrd  |i> 
me.  and  to  every  Mend  of  rebglon.  ■  needtem  and  wanton  profiuiolioii 
of  tbo  ChrMon  Snbbalb.  uliicb,  by  Ibo  kwa  botb  of  God  and  aum,  waa 
aH  apart  lor  etey  lUflnent  putpoacat  and  Uie  bUbi^  and  clergy  were 
tcTcrally  oeRMrcd  lor  pemitting  aueb  a  glarine  abuM-  of  lliat  Mcred 
•lay  Co  paM  wilbont  noIlM  or  reproof.  I  dcumuBcd  that  it  ilioubl  ikh, 
and  tbmfere  Uioagbt  It  beat  lo  (;»  at  oneo  lo  tbe  fountain-head,  lo  the 
penon  of  tbe  bigfaest  and  priocipal  Influence  In  ibc  meMtnic.  ihv  prince 
of  Walca,  I  Bccordinj{ly  rcqucated  tbc  honour  of  an  aucUcBCCt  and  a 
peraoaal  oooliifeBM  with  liim  on  ibe  aubjooL  He  very  ffnirioualy 
giaaiad  H,  aoA  I  bod  a  coavmatioB  with  bim  of  mote  thaa  half  an 
hoar.  He  filtered  ImiacdbUaly  faito  aiy  riewi,  amS  cenfMaed  that  lin 
Mw  no  natom  (at  boUbtg  tha  meeting  on  Sundays  more  ibin  on  oibrr 
ibiji  of  ilie  wcei  ;  and  be  toluniarily  [iropoaed  lliai  ihe  day  •bonhl  ba 
rhai>|;rd  froni  tiumUy  to  Satartlay,  fur  which  he  mmI  he  noakl  gtea 
immoJiaie  ordi't^" 

Of  ilic  ouirv  ptiUtc  iraiiHictioM  lo  wbieh  he  defolud  hb  tral  and  nl- 
Irtitiuii,  lite  mu»l  tnipu«iaiil  arrr  ibr  taiffwrrnent  of  Ibv  eoddilion  ol 


460  ECCLISIASTICAL  semES.  [HnrrR 

the  West  India  slaves,  and  the  abolition  of  that  inhumaD  trade  itseir. 
The  first  step  towards)  the  latter  measure,  was  Sir  William  Dolben's 
bill  in  1788,  for  regulating  the  number  of  slaves  conveyed  in  each  ship, 
snd  alleviating  the  miseries  of  the  voyage.  The  bishop  was  so  anxious 
during  the  prt^ress  of  the  bill,  that  he  attended  the  house  of  lords,  from 
Pulham,  every  day  for  a  month.  And  in  the  long  and  arduous  struggle 
which  preceded  the  final  abolition,  he  was  always  foremost  amongst 
the  strenuous  supporters  of  the  cause.  "  Next  to  the  great  and  para- 
mount concern  of  religion,'*  says  Mr  Hodgson,  "  it  was  the  object  of  all 
others  nearest  to  faia  heart.  He  never  spoke  of  it  but  with  the  ut- 
fnost  enthusiasm  and  animation.  He  spared  no  pains,  no  fatigue  of  mind 
or  body,  to  further  its  accomplishment.  He  not  only  expressed  his  sen- 
timents on  every  occasion  that  presented  itself  publicly  and  strongly 
in  parliament,  but  was  indefatigable  in  urging  all,  over  whom  he  had 
any  influence,  to  conspire  and  co-operate  in  what  he  considered  the  gen- 
eral cause  of  civilized  man  against  a  most  intolerable  t^stem  of  cruelty 
and  oppression.  In  short,  the  best  years  of  his  life,  and  all  bis  talents 
and  powers  were  applied  and  devoted  to  it ;  and  I  believe  the  hap- 
piest day  beyond  comparison,  that  he  ever  experienced,  was  the  day  of 
its  final  triumph."  The  bishop  himself,  in  his  reflections  on  the  final 
abolition,  says :  "  The  act  which  has  just  passed  will  reflect  immortal 
honour  on  the  British  parliament  and  the  firilish  nation.  For  myself, 
I  am  inexpressibly  thanLful  to  a  kind  Providence  for  permitting  me 
to  see  this  great  work,  after  such  a  glorious  struggle,  brought  to  a  con- 
clusion. It  has  been  for  upwards  of  four  and  twenty  years  the  constant 
object  of  my  thoughts  i  and  it  will  be  a  source  of  the  purest  and  most 
genuine  satisfaction  to  me  during  the  remainder  of  my  life,  and  above 
all,  at  the  filial  close  of  it,  that  I  have  had  some  share  in  promoting  to 
the  utmost  of  my  power  the  success  of  so  important  and  so  righteous  a 
measure." 

Such  were  the  unwearied  exertions  of  the  bishop  to  fulfil  the  duties 
of  bis  high  station  in  the  church,  to  extend  the  influence  of  religion, 
and  to  compass  the  ends  of  the  purest  philanthropy.  He  lived  to  his 
78th  year,  and  retained  the  full  possession  of  his  faculties. 

Bishop  PorteouB  is  said,  by  Mr  Hodgson,  to  have  mixed  with  pecu- 
liar pleasantness  and  freedom  in  the  private  intercourse  of  society  ;  he 
had  particularly  the  talcDt  of  dissipating  all  reserve  and  restraint  in 
persons  around  him,  and  of  placing  them  perfectly  at  their  ease-  He 
was  ever  fond  of  promoting  lively  and  cheerful  conversation  j  he  ex- 
pressed himself  in  common  society  with  facility  and  perspicuity,  and  his 
colloquial  remarks  were  characterized  by  correct  judgment  and  accu- 
rate information. 

In  estimating  the  moral  qualities  of  his  mind,  his  great  characteristic 
was  an  unfeigned  warmth  of  benevolence.  The  main  plans  and  ob- 
jects of  his  life  were  conceived  and  pursued  in  this  spirit.  He  entered 
into  ihem  not  merely  from  the  cooler  considerations  of  duty,  but  with 
an  earnestness  and  a  glow  of  feeling  whicli  showed  that  his  whole  heart 
and  soul  were  in  the  business.  In  private  acts  of  munificence,  the 
same  feeling  seem  to  have  marked  his  conduct  His  charities  Mr 
Hodgson  tells  u9,  were  so  extensive,  that  he  can  hardly  speak  of  tiiciu 
without  risking  the  charge  of  exagperation.  The  poor  and  the  neces- 
titous  aluiiys  found  in  him  a  uarni  and  riady  friend  ;  he  nas  disjioM'd 


r 


■'■■Mb.] 


BISHOP  ronTEOtu. 


401 


to  deal  out  hit  ilonolion*  with  iliKTiroination,  but  often  rao  tlui  rink  of 
being  impowd  upon,  for  ilio  diance  of  relieving  mil  tliUrcM,  Ho  nat 
ever  a  libortl  conHributor  to  cfaanhbh;  inatituliom.  Uesidcf  thh,  ha 
made  aome  donation*  on  a  larger  scnlc  during  kin  IHc,  tlao  is  oh«D 
obwrvctl  in  ikn  munfile  even  of  Ihc  nuiaL  wealthy  anci  muniflccnl. 
Among  ibcw  wot  Uk^  unnara^rtiii^  of  acar  £7000  slock  for  ihr  rvlirf  of 
ill*  pooKY  clrrgy  in  the  diocmi!  of  London,  and  tliu  erection  and  cu- 
dowment  of  a  cliapd  of  com:  at  Tunbridge  in  Kent,  ol  a  verf  ooDtidcr- 
sblr  riprntv. 

lit!  wa*  unaltnuUy  allaclinl  to  thn  ctiurcli  of  England  from  prinri- 
plr,  nnd  the  Brroi^  pcnmosion  of  it>  Rupcrlor  rxccUcnoc  ;  and  brUl  it* 
article*,  boroilie*,  and  litorgjr,  tn  be  rwcntially  and  fundamentally 
•cripturaL  He  wa*  a  true  frit^nd  to  the  <li*cipli»<:  of  tttit  dinrcli,  anil 
•upportL-it  it  will)  firuiuvM  on  Juat  occaiioiis.  In  tbu  cant  lajigu<^c  of 
tlic  day,  be  W(M  oflen  Myled  a  MctbodUt ;  i>ul  a*  far  as  disapprobation 
of  uilil  fiinaticiini  and  rntliniiatlic  prctrnNun*  to  immcdiolo  inspiratiou 
could  exempt  a  niaii  frutn  tbb  impntation,  no  one  wo*  ever  more  fre« 
from  it.  On  uinit!  pointi  coancctrd  nitb  the  relutiri-  ttalr  of  ilie 
rhurcli  nnd  dinctiters,  he  UiflerMl  from  many  of  lii*  bri-thn-n  ;  particu- 
larly in  ',thB  iraloui  lupport  okicb  be  iuvnriably  adonled  tbe  '  Uriiiik 
and  Forrigo  Bible  tociety/  Tliat  lib  viens  in  tins  nrcrc  Iraly  benet-olcnt, 
caonot  odtnit  of  tlte  aUgbteu  doubt :  «oa>e,  indeed,  bave  qnealioncd 
vrhrlbcr  tbi*  coadtict  vaa  aa  raiicti  guided  by  wxind  dtamlMxi  a*  it 
via*  prompted  by  real  goodDsai  of  heart ;  bat  ikit  i*  fonign  b>  our  prc- 
tnit  biuincM- 

He  «nu  not  friendly  to  tke  cUnu  of  tbo  Iriih  Catbglic*,  altbougk  be 
norcr  publiely  espn-fMd  b>*  •entlncnla  on  tbe  aubjcot.  Tbe  fullowiiig 
ofiioion  11  produi-ed  rtora  bb  prlvMe  papera  by  Mr  Hodgtroo :  "  If 
the  petition  from  iLe  Cntholiea  of  Irebnd  had  been  for  a  more  coni- 
plMe  toleration  in  maltrre  of  religion,  llioagfa  it  con  bardly,  I  tliink, 
be  more  eonipleto  than  it  i«,  then  «■•  not  an  indiridanl  to  tbe  bouM* 
wbo  would  lu*e  given  a  more  cordial  ataent  to  tba  petition,  tbiiii  my- 
telf.  I  am,  iuhI  ever  bave  been,  a  deciil«l  friend  to  liberty  of  oon- 
teiener.  Tbe  irutk  it,  it  U  an  application  lor  [lolitiral  pover,  and  tlial 
powvr,  I  lor  anr  am  not  diapoaed  tO  gTial  tbcm,  bacaoM  1  bcti«vo  it 
woiikl  bi<  dillivult  to  prwiuco  a  aingle  (Mtanoe  wfacn:  tlwy  liavo  poneaa- 
i>d  |>nliiirnl  power  in  a  I*rotc«tant  country,  without  aung  it  cnielly  uid 
lyrunnienlly.'* 

Tbo  biiJiop'a  rcputatiooi  a*  a  preacher,  w«>  de^rredly  bigli.  Indt— 
pradcntly  of  ikc  itrrling  merit  wbicli  bis  dtieouraea  poweMcd.  Iir  bad 
tbo  beat  rstonal  qualifieation*  lor  t'xccllmce  oa  a  pulpit  ornior.  Hii 
vvico  wait  elMr  and  wHioroua ;  he  li«d  tbe  power  uf  modulating  it 
with  good  rffeet :  hi*  dctirery  waa  correct  atid  cbaato :  bit  manner 
dignified  and  tmpnw*lve.  Above  all,  bo  appcanMl  to  fed  a*  li«  apoke : 
then  WW  &n  animation  and  i-anteMneaa  about  him,  witbuul  the  imallett 
tincture  of  nrt  or  alfoctation.  wliicli  cmmc  bume  to  tbe  boaom  of  U( 
beorrrv,  and  gave  cflact  to  nvavy  word. 

Mr  HudgHin  dora  not  ckin  lor  kim  tlie  credit  of  profoniMl  oruditlou 
or  mmiprpkemitv  rrMkreh.  lU  appetrai  indeed,  to  ba«o  poMtwed  a 
Ddnil,  Ina  fonnrd  f»r  a  eloaa  and  pabeni  lavntigaiioa  uf  any  one  iiab- 
jecl.  tlion  Ibr  a  dillu'Hl  atteulioa  to  aaivenl,  Wa  wouU!  i-bimcl^rlao 
bim  ralki-r  a*  a  jui  thinker,  ikmt  «  derp  uoc.     In  rrganl  to  lb«olaglc«l 


4U 


eCCLESIARTICAL  SKHttS. 


IK, 


UUitaatatt,  nv  ^ouUI  describe  liiin  a*  ■  dt-i^man  wi^Il   inSbrmti 

til*  atudic*  of  liii  prolewioa.     He  b  Mid  by  liu  biufjniplicr  to 

L  brcn.  ta  a  eeriaiii  degne,  a  Hebrew  aobolar,  well  Tcruxi   in  i  riflwiwii 

tcnl  hirioij,  in  Ui«  evidences  of  religioai  and  in  tiie  diderent  tj^ttemt  of 

Ltbrology :  ukI  we  bave  ao  doubt  that  ha  kowledge  In  all  'fioiri  «s 

LanflicioDrl;  rcap«cUbt«.     Hie  sppnjicnsiaa  teetm  to  Imvc  been  qnkfc, 

[lii*  U>te  oorrrct,  utd  b»  memory  relMitire.     Tbe  dictioguwbuig  ud 

rpromineut  feslure  of  bis  nuod,  ««h  a  rivb  aiid  Muliemit  inuigiuMMMi 

[wbicli  gives  a  peculiar  narmib  aud  colooriug  to  bb  ttyle.      H*  dM  Mt 

excel  in  aiialysui  or  nice  diturimiuatioD,  uor  mm  be  mutrkaUc  far  « 

kwn  ptnetnitiiig  M^eiiy.    A»  a  reuoocr.  be  b  not  dlitlBfpiithed  by 

a  cloM-  aiid  luf;ical  aci-oracy ;  *liU  ]ii»  Br];uineaU  are  gemralljr  to  wflt 

ooni-riifd,  .ind  slviuy»  to  dres*ed  out  <ritii  expresHOBt  u   fureiUj  la 

Mrikc  the  attcDtion. 


tMlia.D.  1738.— OICD4-D.  1811. 

Thomas  Paacv,  D.  D.  dnnn  of  Cariblr,  and  lully  tnshop  of 
niorr,  wiu  n  dincciiilant  of  Ibu  £imily  of  the  carl*  uf  N'ortbnml 
or,  lu  slated  by  Boowrll,  tbe  brir>malo  of  the-  tUK-irtil  Pcrciea, 
bom  at  Bridgenottii,  in  Sbropchire,  in  the  year  17^:  and 
at  Cbrist  cliufcli  coUr^c,  Oxtbrd.  In  coniie(|iimec  uf  bis 
with  the  fumily  oS  the  bti!  duke  aC  Nortliuinbcrland  be  becano  bb  ck«p> 
lain.  In  the  yt-ar  I7ti9  lie  waa  DOiuiustcd  one  of  ilio  cbaplaJiM  to  kb 
mnjctljr ;  in  1778  lie  araa  procMled  to  tlie  deaucry  of  CarliUe :  ukI  ia 
17b8  to  tbo  bialiopric  of  Dromore,  in  tiic  oounly  of  U«wb,  «b«ra 
expired,  SeplcmUrr  3Ulb,  IHll,  at  tbe  adnuced  age  of  eighty' 

He  oommenceil  bb  literary  earecr  in  17til,  by  publbbln|c.  'ttST 
Kiou  Cbouan,  a  Iranelatioti  Troiu  tbe  Cliiiie«e  MiioellaBle«('  and,  in  lb< 
fi>IIowiii{;  y««r,  by  'Five  Piecv*  of  Runic  Poetry,'  freely  parafdinunl 
from  the  leelaodic.  In  I'M  appeared  bi*  Teraion  of  lie  Smg  of 
Soloniuo,  which  vas  tactvcdcd,  in  iIip  fbllowing  year,  by  kia  mmM 
liopular  work,  '  Itt-liqiuv  of  Ancient  Kngliiih  t'oolry.'  Heabo  paUbfc. 
od  ■  A  Kry  tu  tbc  New  Tt«luni<Mit;'  trantbtioiis  of  '  Mallctl'c  NonWra 
AiiliquilU*;'  '  Tlie  Heruiil  of  Warkvortli,'  A  pocfli;  and  a  carioui  ttpl 
>aliial>lc  n-eurd  beltiti]{i(ig  tO  tbe  I'crt-y  Toniily,  cniilkil,  >  Tbc  Notlbaui^ 
be  r  I  and  Huuicliatd  Boolc* 

Th«  aatMiuarisn  raaMtrclMs  and  literary  cnuioiia  of  Dr  I'crvy  atv 
In  be  eonleiDplated  as  tho  rriaaalioM  of  an  ardent  tnind.  Tbe  6rM  ol 
ltie«o  afibrdcd  liim  n^ief  fnuii  bit  more  serioni  aToestiMi;  and  th« 
Utter  introduced  hiin  to  tbo  friendsliip  of  scMDlifiv  mta,  irliote  cvo*- 
pisy  pidrd  tlioae  boon  in  vbicb  K  wan  abaolutely  mscnMry  to  un- 
bend aiul  ecel;  tboeo  pleanrca  that  aibe  from  select  tociety.  lo  tkn 
early  part  of  hit  life,  Ur  I'crcy  became  acqnoioted  wiili  moat  of  |l»e 
men  of  learning  and  i;cniu*  tlist  then  adorned  our  Utetatnn.  Hia 
■  RaliqMa  cf  Aucimit  Poetry.'  opes  lo  tbc  learned  new  wurceaof  in<v»> 
liffatna.  Whilo  hit  ndniniUc  arrangenwat  of  aome  tlui  were  ncra 
fr»inncnts,  and  hi*  rleganl  niu<te  <>f  aupqilyiii^  tbeir  dcficimers,  tytlra^ 
niitiid  Uic  nhole  m  a  nwDiicr  that  ut  vnrr  infermrd  and  itrlrDJtlcil  lb* 


l'»fOO,| 


mMHOP  PSBCY. 


463 


general  r«A(I«r.  ITie  iKsulirol  ImUvI  of  '  Tlic  Friar  of  Onlen  Gniy,' 
upon  which  Golibmilh  foondcd  hit  iotcrcMing  po«in  of  *  Tbu  Hrnstt,' 
n-«s  Bmang  Ilio  rrmiiiiK  of  aaliquily  lliu  Dr  Pvrcy  cotnpletnl  id  the 
niaiisur  aborc^mitntioticd.  Tim  loi^  of '  Oh  Nannie^  wilt  tbou  gSAg  wi' 
mo,'  n-a*  also  hi*  compooition. 

Dr  Johnton  once  pmiscil  Pcniiaut  rcry  ltif;hly  ;  Dr  Percy,  who  had 
nwanrnd  the  extent  of  liit  FTtiiio*,  ami  luiil>  fnxu  local  knowlmlget  n*- 
son  (o  Uiiok  Dieanlj  of  (oiue  parti  uf  bis  Iravi-li,  Tentured.  with  nther 
more  eaijeraiss  tiau  wts  tuual  to  hiin,  tu  «X))rc«  lii*  (^mion  :  oppwl- 
tion  rou!>ed  Jobusoni  and  bumiltuiou  lecnu  to  hare  faxiDecl  tlie  Aamc 
it  was  itttended  to  smottiL-r:  bo  thin  as  it  may,  tbis  Iritling  ilitpulc  pro- 
duced tlie  fbllowiQj!  lotti^r,  wbicb  dOMllie  aumory  uf  both  parties  bouour. 


"To  Jahc*  BoawKLi.,  Em. 

"Sir. — Tlicfouliih  tlt^balrbi-lwixt  Dr  Percy  and  me, Uodc  uTthoM 
foolish  coiiCrorcraivs  nhich  bi-f-iu  upon  a  question  of  wbicb  Doilhcf 
party  <«res  bow  it  is  decided,  and  which  by  aevertkelcM,  cotitioucd  to 
acrioiooy  by  lli«  ranily  with  which  every  man  reabia  confuialioii.  Dr 
i*ercy'a  a'armth  proc<«ilcd  from  a  canae,  which,  pcrhap*,  doc«  bim 
moTv  honour  than  be  wouM  have  derived  from  juilcT  criticitm.  Mis 
uUiorrenco  of  Pennant  proceeded  from  bii  opinioo  that  Pcnnanl  bad 
wantonly  and  indcotnlly  craMrod  bb  pamra.  His  anger  oiadc  him 
rraolve  that  for  having  been  osca  vrang.  bo  never  Khould  bn  right. 
'Ppnnant  ha*  mu«b  in  his  notion*  that  1  do  not  like,  but  (till  I  think 
bim  a  very  inleUtgent  Iravclkr.  If  Percy!*  really  oAcndtsI,  lamiorry, 
for  lie  la  a  aiaa  wliotn  I  never  knew  to  offend  any  o^ic :  bo  i»  a  imii 
very  willing  to  learti,  and  very  able  (o  teacb  t  a  man  out  of  wboaa  eon- 
paoy  I  never  go  wUhoat  having  learned  •otnclhiag.  It  it  tni*  Ibat  h* 
vexe*  nM  ionetimeii  but  I  an  afraid  It  b  by  ai^ng  me  feel  my  own 
ignorance  :  so  iiiueh  eatentlon  of  aiind,  and  to  much  minute  aecnraey 
of  inquiry,  if  yoa  aurvcy  your  whole  circle  of  acquA  in  lance,  you  will 
findwacarce,  if  you  find  it  atoll,  (hot  you  will  vnlue  Prrcy  by  coaipari- 
•on.  Lord  ilailia  ii  MMiMwIiat  like  him:  but  LonI  llaitra  does  no!. 
perbapst  go  beyond  him  in  rt^carch,  anil  I  do  not  know  lliat  be  rquab 
hba  b)  elegance.  Percy'*  attention  tn  poetry  has  given  grace  aad 
•pIsBdour  to  hia  itudira  of  antiquity.  A  tnart  SBlMluarian  ia  a  rugged 
Min^^Upon  (be  whole  you  ace,  lltai  what  1  might  say  in  *)M>rt  or 
petnlaNse  to  bba,  ii  <  cry  eomislent  with  full  eoavtctton  of  bis  nwrit.  1 
■m,  4mi  Sir,  your  moK>  ^e. 

"Sam.  JounaoH." 


Bishop  CUabtr. 

Boan  «.n-  I7M.— nno  a.i».  WIA. 

Tuts  p««btfe  was  bora  in  ibe  year  1749.  He  reeeivrd  bit  early 
edDcaiion  under  hu  bllief,  at  tiie  village  of  Twy6>ed,  Uucb*.  At  an 
eariy  age  be  waa  acnt  to  Ox^l  t  and,  in  1764.  bo  oblaincil  a  frllww- 
■hlp  of  Bmen-nuae  coUeKP,  whioli  Im  aftttrwanb  eJicUaiiged  fat  lbs 
(kuig  of  Colliiisbam  in  Nurth.-unptcnabire. 


4M 


KCLBMASTICAI.  SXKIES. 


^        1  Temple  becnnie  vicwny  of  IrdniiJ,  in  1783,  Mr  Clravrr 
P'ilii^iiljliilllll'liilii  lo  that  rniiiitry  in  the  rapacKy  »l'  diaptaio.      He  rn- 
liimni  with  hia  pnlrnn  from  lirlancl  in  thn  rollov-iiis  wnuner,  and  Hton 
ullrr  ol><iiined  tlir^  brnibhip  of  hi*  college. 

Ill  ctiriy  liI(^  Dr  Clravrr  had  acted  m  tutor  Jii  the  GreDrillc  fsmitv  : 
autl  to  this  boiut-  he  wus  inilt-'bled  lor  hia  pniaivtiiHi  in  iii«  cliurdi.  In 
178-1  be  obhiiiictl  a  prelit-nd  in  WMtniin«ter ;  and  ia  1/87  he  w*a 
rlevatt'd  lo  thf  si-e  of  Cliwtcr  on  tlie  tniu^lutiuiU  of  Dr  Puricwus  to 
London.  In  I  ^0  lit.-  succeeded  Dr  Warrra  m  llie  tee  of  Uangor :  auid 
in  180(i.  wm  Iraiialuted  lo  tli«  sec  ot  St  Aeaph,  oo  Ihc  death  of  Bi»hup 
Horaley.     Hedi«d  In  \Slb. 

Dislfop  CIcnver  was  a  good  cloMical  •ctiolu'.  His  edilioB  of  H««er 
i*  rcmnrkalilc  for  it*  accurai:}'.  He  piiblithcd  n  Toluntc  of  tcrnons,  rroin 
which  it  ii  abundantly  obvious  that  he  va»  of  tlic  most  mmlrfnte  (cliool 
of  tlicology. 


^S^iUiam  f^inunU  B.S. 


loiiN  A.  n,  1739. — niCD  ».  p.  ItHi. 


Dm  Vikcent  was  the  ton  ofn  London  merchant.     Krwa*  cduc 
U  W<.i>liiiinjlvf,  and  «m  decled  lo  Trinity  college  Combriilgr,  in  1757. 
In  176:!  lie  >«« apiMHDted  a  tcadm  of  WeMminMrr  vhuol.  aoil  in  i;t<8 
he  became  matter  of  that  •emina/y.     Daring  Mr  Addingtun's  prrniicf-  '  | 
ttiip  ho  wa»  made  dcon  of  Wr»linin»trr. 

I)i«  fint  publicationB  cvnii^tcd  ofsinfjlc  sermons  prcachrd  on  diSirf 
cnt  public  occasiiHK  :  the«e  wom  ituccvedcd  by  a  Ivw  tracU  on  rlmainal 
futijcrt* :  tiul  hit  great  work  Man  htf  diMcrLatton  on  ilio  voyage  cT 
NrorcliuK  to  tht*  F.iiphroiea  oa  collected  fruni  Aman. 

Dr  Vincent  din)  on  ibc  Slot  of  DecemlMT,  1816.  Tlir  roUowing 
character  of  htm  approrcd  in  thn  'Gcntli-man*  Magaiiix':' — "Thoan 
who  hnm  goDo  through  collrgn  at  Wcstmiiulcr,  know  well  how  to  ap- 
preeiato  hi*  (Dr  V'incnit'i)  •crviecs  oa  second  master;  not,  indrt-d,  villi 
irffrrncL'  to  hi>  rtcrtiuua  in  the  school,  tor  they  were  CMifiurd  lo  llta 
under  pcnoDB,  but  niib  respect  to  higher,  greaiCT',  and  DMMV  impor- 
tant duiin-  At  Wnlniinitcr  school,  the  care  of  tlie  king'*  •ufaotan  ia 
confided  to  l]i«  vigilance  and  superintendence  of  ibc  second  siattor. 
He  ba*  the  care  of  college :  and  in  his  haodi  arc  the  preaervniion  of  ita 
dbcipliiHi  tbc  goarJiaaship  of  its  roonilst  and  tbu  cluirgn  of  its  rrligioua 
fawtructioD.  Vi'ilb  a  steadiness  and  Bdellty  rarely  cqnnJIrd,  Dr  Vincmi 
diacliaiged  tbcsc  dilTicutt  functionc  i  bot  perhaps  there  never  existMl  « 
man  tbal  rivalled  him  in  th«  art  orallra<:ling  fruni  boys  alti-ntwa  (o  bi« 
lecCurci.  Four  liniei  a  week,  each  jenr,  prijumlury  lo  rceeivmi;  of 
tbe  iieraiKBt,  Dr  VincMit  Mptotneil  the  nature  of  iliat  religious  rorr- 
iBODj,  ill  iDMlioiwn,  tl«  inporlMiea,  and  iu  beaefii*.  Ami  we  bcliwit 
Moh  was  hU  happy  mode  of  imparting  inslruciiofi.  ihul  ibero  never  ■■• 
ki»own  an  itwtaiMN  of  any  boy  treating  ibe  d>f(|uI>iitcMi  with  levity,  or 
not  showing  ait  taganiea*  lo  be  present  at,  and  to  proUt  by,  tlic  lonoa. 
A  dear  sonorou*  voice ;  a  HikdI,  oasy. yet  currud  delitery ;  aa  expn*. 
aion  at  onri'  familiar  iiiid  impreMivc.  rvitdcrcd  bim  •  daliglOful  (fMwltar. 
These  advoMage*  lie  posansed  also  in  couaon  motcimUod  i  but 


I'll  mo.] 


WILLI  AU  VIKCtHT. 


4K 


dwplaj'ed  (hem  more  Mprrinlly  lui  [lublic  occa»ion»,  and  never  to  greatrr 
advnnugt;  llioii  in  tbn  piilpjt.  A*  »«b-«lB)oii«r,  it  mat  in  tlie  coane  of 
hit  (luljr  to  tin««h  iwjrti  n  yrar  nt  ih«  cliop«)-foy>l,  bofbr«  their  ma- 
jeatin;  and  tao*t  rrrtain))-  no  divitir  iii  tbr  courM  of  ihr  king\  long 
niKO,  more  r*cnromrii<lc<l  hitiMrlfnt  that  p)ac<^,  ■*  ■  ftyrcitilr,  Hoquciil. 
ftiMMiind  prcochiT,  than  I>t  Vincent.  On  breomlng  ilraa  of  Wt^- 
Ntluttr,  be  of  tcane  rFsi^tinl  the  hmil  mastentiip ; — a  *trp  highlj- 
□eeeMaryli)  liii  future  tienltb,  aliracl^r  "ol  a  lilil«  impaired  by  eontimml 
roiifin«ni(-ul,  and  alinust  total  ubstiiiuice  froiu  txtrt'tv?,  Bui  tii^otp  h-ti 
r*-lin()ui«hed  this  etatioii,  in  wliidi  be  had  ntUchtd  lu  lilrnnrtr  ult  thoie 
who  had  Irad  the  good  fortuni-  tu  he  under  h'ta  (uiliuu,  he  still  taot^  iii> 
cr«Med  111*  (Wpulurily  with  WeslinriialeT-incn,  by  lli«  publication  ofhi* 
*  DrfeDce  of  Publie  l^dui'uiiiHi.'  Tfais  little  worL  oired  ila  origin  lo  an 
Altneb,  nuppoted  to  |)roc««d  from  (lie  |i«ii  of  Dr  Rennvll,  (he  master  of 
■he  Temple,  on  the  (yali-m  uf  iniiructiuD  punned  at  pulitic  oebooU,  par- 
liculaily  in  the  iai[>oflBnt  matter  ofrelifjion.  Dr  Vincent  oo  this  occl- 
•ion  look  up  the  ^auiillet  in  uipport  of  his  ova  Mtuiaary  ;  and  moit 
aMeeewftillf  ^dkaied  it  from  the  charge  of  oeglecl  on  this  great  point, 
by  deialllDg  tpcvitically  the  Mated  exerciin  of  prayer  and  sacred  in* 
stnwltoo  in  uae  at  WMtmintter.  After  thia  period,  Dr  Viuceut  divided 
hb  tifiH!  beiweeti  hi*  deanery  and  hi*  liring  of  ItMp,  to  which  he  wan 
prpaenled  by  the  church  of  WcnimiiMter,  being  always  rcaideot  al  either 
th«  one  or  tbc  other ;  and  during  that  period  be  frequend;  bononred 
the  ' Gmifeonan'*  Mag>iiii«'  by  hb  Tmluabk  oorrmpondance.  'rhere  la 
net  K  doubt  but  that  hi*  rclevie  from  the  ftiigoi-a  and  aoxiety  of  the 
•cbool.  Hid  (he  eaw  and  relasalion  of  mind  wliich  he  enjoyed  frani  hit 
vcll-««med  prerenneiit,  tended  lo  lh«  proloncaitoa  of  bis  valuable  IMh 
Afl«r  all,  it  fan  in  (he  boiom  of  bia  fiunlly  that  Dr  Vbrnnt  traa  Men  to 
the  Breatot  idraaiage.  Hii  nomiBga  w«re  dedicated  to  reading ;  hi* 
meimgt  h>  the  aecilHy  of  bit  IH«iKb.  In  Ibte  tranquil  and  ])««eeful 
drde  m  endetrMl  btmaelf  to  all  anniml  him  by  ibe  benignUy  of  Hit 
dlapoahlon,  the  aSUribty  of  bb  dcmranour.  and  the  rtinnnt  of  hit  coa- 
vcfaatioii.  Hen  vere  laid  open  thai  •inglenro  of  baart,  and  almplieily 
of  Mlad,  wUeh  none  could  a[>precisi(r  joitly  but  tboM  who  mw  acid 
were  converMiit  *iih  hint  In  tne  free  and  lanitltar  liuort  of  dometlle 
privai^.  With  <|iialiScttllaiia  wMeh  would  luve  ronretrml  digni(y  on 
th«  hiffaett  Btaikm  in  the  church,  and  *llh  an  ambMon,  perhapt,  no« 
wbolly  arerae  from  rank  and  elevBtian,  Ur  Viocmt  Mvertbelcat  lored 
qniet  and  retlrenrat." 

ThaMlMringlialbi  ofthedean'p  worka; — I.  'A  LeUer  (o  the  Rt)tht 
RcTerend  Dr  Kicbard  Wntaan,  King*!  IVofi-Mor  of  Dirinity  In  the 
Ua[verti(y  of  Cambridge,*  8n>.  17IW.  Aaonymou*.  S.  ■  Cooaidera- 
twnt  on  Parorhtal  Mtitie,'  R*o.  1787.  3.  '  A  Sennoo  pnachad  bdera 
the  Sod*  of  the  Clei|!y,'  4(o.  I?R9.  4.  '  A  SaraKM  preached  at  St 
MargarFt*t,'  WetUninih-r,  tor  (he  Grry>coal  Sebool  in  (bat  parkli. 
TbU  being  a  very  loyal  <K«c<ourte,  al>a«v  fO.OOO  votnea  were  dia* 
irllntMl  by  tbe  oaaociaiMMi  U  the  Crown  and  Anebor  Ta*«m,  in  iba 
Strand:  it  wn*  alio  reprinted  a(  Etatb.  Canterbury,  and  GtaicaHrr. 
fl.  ■  Tlir  Origiiialifln  of  the  GrMk  Verb,  aii  HypodlMb,*  8ra. 
Tliii  ««■  repubhihr^l,  and  enlarml  nnder  the  title  of  '  Tita  Gfeck 
Verb  ann1y>nl.'  :^l  Edit.  8.  *D*  Legione  ManNana,  Qnwttto  ea 
Ltvlo  deaosipta,  el  Rai  Milliaria  Kenaat*  atwfioaii  propoiita,  aoctora 

viu  9k 


106 


ECCLKSIASTICAL  SKBIEl. 


flTll 


Guttflnio  VinpMit,'  1795.  7.  ■  The  Vojn»((e  of  Nrarclius  lo  rhc  Eo- 
phnl<«;  c(ill(«lrd  from  liic  iiri|{in«l  joaroal  pmrrvrd  by  ArriaB,'  tto. 
1799.  6.  'TbL-  Penpltii  of  the  Er^ikrau  Sn,'  180a  Part  J.  -itD. 
9.  ■  A  Defence  ot  PuMic  Etlucuiioo.'  ad(lreM«d  to  iJie  MoM  Rrterrod 
the  Lord  Biibop  of  McMlt,  in  amwr  to  a  obai^e.  annucd  to  bia  kwrf* 
ehip's  dkcoane.  |>ruii:faed  at  St  Paul's  oo  the  anniTnMry  meeting  of 
lh«  ehunty  children  ia  1799.  1801.  10.  'A  Sennon  prncbed  bHbte 
ibe  Honourable  Houw  ofCominoDViat  St  Mo/gRrd**,  Wntmiiutcr,  oa 
Suixbj,  June  I,  1803,  b^iog  the  daj  nppointnl  for  a  gnirral  ihank*- 
giving.'  II.  -Tbe  IVriplu*  of  tb«'  Kr^lhreon  Stb,'  Part  II.  Jlo.  I80&. 
12.  '  The  Voyage  of  Ncnrrhun,  and  the  IVripIo*  of  the  Erythrcan  Sc*. 
traniJnUd  from  Ihr  Greek,'  IBOl).  13.  '  ObMtrvtUlon*  on  thr  Gcogrsnh^ 
of  Sioiana'  have  bwn  printed  in  Mr  Valpy's  'CluMtcnl  Journal,'  No. 
xviii.  The  ik-aii  al»o  reviened  icvcral  artidn  in  tht  '  Britiili  Critic,' 
particularly  thul  n-lative  to  llir  controvtny  abuut  tlw  Trood  ;  and  in 
Mrtcd  many  urltclM  occauonally  In  the  '  Geutlt-ioau'ii  iMagaxiue.* 


3rrrmia{)  ^i»rr. 


■ONs  *.  D.  1763.— Piao  a.  p.  ISIS. 


This  Ingcnioiw  vrilrr  was  iiKlrbicd  to  hi*  ovd  indtMUy  ainne  for 
dliir^lion  and  riw  in  lif^.  lln  was  originally  driigopd  lor  ibc  trade  of 
a  glazier  -  but  having  by  indi-faligablr  prrM-rrrancc  made  himself  a 
rc)>utBbk  scholar,  be  entttrrd  tbc'  diiM'ntiiig  niinitUy.  and  miblitlied 
several  umI'uI  works  of  an  ^lemcnlarj'  dost.  "  lie  uss  first  ktioiso  U» 
the  public,"  says  a  Killer  in  tba  .Mciiilhly  MsgBX>iH>,  "in  conf«f|uMie« 
of  the  audacious  altcnipl  made  by  Messrs  1*^11  smI  DundM  on  the  llr^ 
of  sctcral  iindaunlrd  frirods  of  parlisaientary  roromi ;  and  Mr  Jttjftx 
was  specially  marked  for  the  vrngcRncc  of  those  unpriixuplrd  ministctv. 
hy  tbc  circumstanco  of  hn  being  tutor  to  the  sotw  of  Eari  Stanbopr, 
then  a  leadvr  among  ihc  patriotic  refunners.  Indeed,  tbc  anvct*  and 
(be  •ubsaquanl  state  trials  were  said  to  have  arisen  from  Mr  Jojree 
having  writloo  a  laconic  note  to  Mr  Tooke,  about  a  literary  vorfc  ijim 
on  the  ere  of  puhlicsiioa,  in  which  h«  asked  tbc  ([uestiiMii  *  Shall  yom 
ba  ready  by  Wodataday  ?'  This  note  mWcwTied,  and  on  Tyesday  (|t« 
amsu  took  place.  Mr  Joyce  has  often  been  li«trd  to  declare,  that  b* 
did  not  personalty  know  non  than  iht,  utd  had  never  spoken  to  more 
tlian  three  or  four  of  the  twelve  itrugm^  to  each  of  whom  a  grand 
jury  wcr«  induced,  under  the  misdirection  oifa  judgei  to  SmI  a  (rue  bill 
against,  oi  jointly  engagml  in  a  conspiracy  of  treaaonl  After  thr 
honourable  arquiiiats  of  -Messrs  Manly.  Tooke,  and  Tbclwall,  the  law- 
oIKccri  of  the  rruwn,  id  pure  shame,  dismissed  Mr  Joyce  and  lite  other* 
without  trial,  but  aUo  without  cosnpciHitian  for  meny  nMUba'  fitlac 
inprisoDHieut,  under  cbargo*  which  endugercd  their  Vmt,  and  sq 
deeply  afflicted  ibc  feeling*  of  the  relolive*  of  sotDc  of  them,  m  to  lanmi 
tbeir  pmnatnrc  d<«ths. 

Earl  Slanho<|>e,  who  frit  n  woiAd  through  the  sidf*  of  hi*  ton's  pre> 
ceptor,  gave  a  splendid  entertainmeDt  on  the  retam  of  Mr  Joy«e  to 
Chefenhig ;  but  some  family  events  soon  rendering  the  contititiane*  a4 
hb  wrvlce*  unnecessary,  he  sritled  in  London,  and  began  that 


I^MOO] 


THOMAtt  COOAK. 


4«7 


of  lilerarjr  iuiliirir?  which  ha*  otltn  gnliHcil  lltg  pnblic,  and  i«  likpijr 
to  prove  to  titcM  lo  (he  tinag  gm«rstioa.  One  of  Ihr  tinl  Ptiip1i>^- 
nomtii  in  which  h«  <rii«  thu>  engaged  wm  at  •  ooMljator  of  (he  Uu-  I)r 
Rrorgr  Orrgory.  in  hi(  <M>in)K^4liQii!i  CycUiprdia  :  sail,  tlic  K''^'''  '"^ 
CVB  or  thut  wnrk  having  rxcitnl  liir  avidity  of  other  booksvlter),  Mr 
Joyce  was  ni^cagiil  by  Ihr  body  of  thtMti,  wlia  tlicii  met  at  ilie  Chapter 
Ooff«eJioa«e,  to  compile  a  oew  work  on  the  ptiin  of  Gn-j^ory'ii,  aod  il 
iqipearrd  uiHler  iIh.-  uiuav  vt  thv  Uie  Williani  NicliotsoR.  Both  worki 
luring  rapidly  xuccioedod  rach  other,  and  \iviog  completed  within  thirty 
months,  iho  co-labourer  in  one,  and  the  aole  compiler  of  the  other,  bo- 
cun*  jaslly  celefaraiod  for  bit  industry  and  leanitngi  and  wc  may  wM, 
fer  hb  wal  mhI  iniegrily  :  but  such  f^rval  exertions  broiigbt  no  a  w- 
vtn  aUaek  of  dlaa^,  ^^am  wliieh  be  Di>ver  liilty  rfCOTrml.  Sooa 
after,  Mr  Joyce  romplotrd  hi*  popular  '  Ivlcmenbi  of  Arithmrtic.'  of 
wbick  repeated  editions  of  10.000  have  bpcn  sold,  aod  it  hiu  loaj;  \>rxa 
Mlop(«d  in  the  principal  school*,  as  ihc  best  in  the  languagi*.  HU 
nnt  publication  was  bis  well-known  '  Scientilii;  Dialogoes,'  Ibllowcd  in 
lh«  Mine  liaa  of  ooaipo»ilH>n.  by  Ilia  '  Uialognca  on  CheoiiMfy  and  on 
ihp  Microioope-*  Hia  other  n-ork*  werr  hi*  '  I.cticni  on  Nntoral  Philo- 
Mipby,'  bis  '  Introduction  to  tho  Art*  and  Scicnoiw ;'  and  la»tly,  be  co- 
opnrali^d  wiili  Mrjnr*  tjbopfacrd  and  Carp<-nler,  in  a  well-planned  worli, 
called  '  8y«trmatie  Education,'  irhic^i  lia*  been  favourably  received. 
For  many  year*  be  coatributrd  ibe  meteorotof-iCBl  report  to  lhi> 
nia|^ine,  eT<.>n  that  in  tlie  pr»L-ut  number,  and  often  illotlralfd  ita 
T^M  by  hti  coutributioo*  ou  matter  of  bet  and  useful  subjects.  One 
of  Mi  laal  eoiniiiuiiicaiiom  was  ilu.'  account  of  his  lole  broihcr,  in  our 
mgaxioc  fi>r  .May  ;  and  at  that  time,  and  till  withiii  two  hours  of  hi* 
ileMh,  be  was  in  a*  good  kcallb  a*  he  bad  but-n  fur  wtreral  year*  pa.it. 
The  qnoJititt  of  hia  nuDd  arc  to  be  estimuled  by  tbe  variety  and  es- 
(CBt  of  bii  labours :  and  in  n!|<ard  to  tlio»e  of  hia  heart,  we,  who  knew 
him  well,  can  assert,  that  an  lioBDater  or  better  man  tiev«r  bvinJ.  He 
ha*  left  an  ■miable  widow,  and  a  large  young  funiily.  to  dejilore  (heir 
irreparable  loaa  in  the  produce  of  hia  unecHing  industry,  in  the  n* 
aaiiila  lAirdcd  by  hia  virtuoui  character,  ai»d  in  the  valuaMii  pn^epta 
and  InairuciMa*  with  which  be  woa  so  acll-ciualilicd  lo  guide  them  to 
happii 


•oaa  a.  D.  \73e.-..9tm>  *.»,  ISIS. 

Thomas  Cooam  was  bora  in  ih«  year  1796,  at  Kuwell,  in  North- 
anploBshire,  and  was  a  liewcndani  of  an  old  aiKl  mpectabia  bmily  in 
tiMl  placo.  Hia  Guher  woa  an  apolheoary,— ^  man  of  rupnte  in  hii 
pfvfMaian.  and  twspected  for  hit  good  character.  To  litermiure  and 
books  hr  wa*  much  inclined,  and  haul  a  Fiarticular  fondncaa  far  owta- 
pliyaical  mi^uiric*.  A  few  paniphk-i*  on  Mima  of  the  abstfstf  iofim 
of  ineaial  pliiluM>t'''y>  pubhthnl  at  diHVmit  tiinnt  pran  tha  nlant  «f 
hi*  paitniAait  and  ih'  industry  and  teal  with  iibicli  ke  pursuvd  thatn- 

With  ibaaa  prapnsitir*  in  llir  faihir,  it  la  to  bv  suopoaod  that  ha 
«<mM  le«l  a  litely  inttirtt  in  the  oliiraliou  al  hi*  son.     Attn  ififg 


468 


BCCLBSIAITICAL  JBRtBS. 


{Nunml 


ioitinled  iiito  aDin«  of  lli«  ahupW  rudinienta  of  l«araiii|;>  yoaog  Cogaa 
waowutto  Kibvtortb,iD  L«loMtenhtns  ud  put  under  Ui«  clurge  of  Or 
Ailiia.  At  tiiii  Mhool  be  iviDain«d  till  be  was  fourteen  yean  vT  »gt, 
u'hea  h«  ntturned  to  bia  fathers  Iiouk,  and  coBiioucd  at  hooM  dariBC 
the  two  or  three  succeeding  yeara.  About  ibid  lime  be  began  to  think 
of  prapariog  Itioueir  for  Ibo  Cbrirtion  minislrj ;  and  with  the  dr- 
>igu  of  pronecuting  a  oourte  of  tbaological  ttudica.  be  entervd  the  Mar 
Jcmy  Bt  Mile  End,  nbera  Dr  Condcr  wni  tMcbtr  in  divinity.  For 
Kiair.  n-atoo,  however,  griiwliig  out  of  the  ntann){cmcnt  «f  the  iaitilu- 
tion,  Cogan  lOon  bciuiiic  diMatixfied,  and  n-morcd  tu  Hoxton  acadvmj. 

Mow  long  be  n-uuiiinl  iii  ibis  •uiuiimry,  or  at  wbal  lime  be  mtnreil 
the  miiiiflmnl  otBce,  ia  not  known,  lu  tbv  yeju-  IToU.  are  lind  him 
(iroacliiii};  in  If  oltand :  and  it  is  *iippo«e<l  that  lie  uted  u  an  naftiMani- 
preai-brr  with  Mr  Sitowden,  at  Itottcrdsin,  wbo  waa  raioiuer  of  an 
EnglUb  cburch  founded  there  oo  ttae  priodplet  of  the  Dutch  esublicfa- 
m«nt.  This  olatiOD,  howerer,  he  did  not  rMain  long,  for  in  IJtki  he 
had  returned  to  his  own  country,  ni^l  wot  •ctiletl  oTtrr  a  ooognfatinn 
iu  Soutliampton.  What  length  of  time  he  held  this  ailuation  i*  uncertaiii, 
but  it  aeeins  rlini  dilBcultie»  aroKc  between  him  tuid  the  people  ooaoen^ 
iug  Mine  of  bis  opinions,  which  ulUiiiatcly  induced  him  lo  m^voet  ■ 
diamiUMti-  By  his  p«rcnti  he  liad  been  taught  the  piiiiciplra  of  Cal> 
vintMB.  but  he  sub«rqiirntly  vmbraoed  Uuitariau  Rr«iiBirn(*.  and  per> 
CM>iviiig  hi*  congregation  trutibled  with  mspieiont  of  hi*  bert^,  be 
followed  the  ilicialc*  ofwiadom  and  pnideuee  tu  dcMriug  to  be  nlcwed 
from  iht-  pustonl  connexion. 

Bcii^  ibv  frgcd  from  enga^aients  at  home,  be  vreat  onr  ngatn  to 
HoUtwIi  wben  he  filled  the  ol!ic«  of  colleague  wilh  a  ckrjiyinui  bi  n 
eoi)gr«f;ation,  oenpOMd  of  English  raaideala.  At  this  perkid  the  symp- 
tonis  of  a  puloiioOHjr  mmplaiul,  witb  vUeh  lie  bad  been  long  ili)>htly 
sJfeotcd,  b^gtl)  to  exhibit  a  more  alariaing  uped,  and  to  adnooUi 
liioi  or  tbt  diHiger  to  irhidi  ho  irai  cipOKtng  hlaweir  by  (he  Mteitiona 
re^nlnd  in  public  speaking.  In  looking  around  for  a  m>ir  pursuit 
congeolol  n-itli  his  iaclinalion,  and  soiled  to  bia  h«allb.  hia  tliougtita 
were  lunied  to  the  medioal  praloeion.  Ahcr  hi*  mind  bad  beooMn 
settled  in  Uii*  cboiooi  ha  commeiioed  bie  new  etudiea  viih  a  ccnl 
dcvotednea*.  whidi  could  hardly  lUI  to  ttiiure  him  succea.  fie 
a  short  visit  to  England,  nliere  be  gratllitd  his  friL-nds  by  preacbtn^  ■ 
(ew  disMMiraee,  and  then  u  cnl  back  lo  Hollaml,  and  btoaine  a  trgnlariy 
nialrictilated  (tndent  of  mcdidae  n  the  uiiltirAily  ui  Lcydvu,  Ha 
completed  (he  naual  course  at  Leydcn.  and,  when  he  took  hi*  dt^ree^ 
rshiUied  a  thedaon  the  '  Indncaou  of  tbc  Faaaona  in  causing  and  bcal- 
iiig  dbeeses.'  This  disseruiioii  wa<  the  luuit  of  fai«  future  war ka  on  the 
IMMtutit,  wbieh  ha*e  gircn  him  coDtiderable  tiunc  m  a  practieal  ncta- 
lihyBieian  and  elhieil  philotoplN'r, 

Bring  thus  qualibed  for  rnlcrin^  on  hi*  profcealoo,  he  oonmeuMl 
lirnclinr  in  Holland,  when-  be  seems  already  to  have  fanned  an  encoaivc 
ocqnaiHlniire,  and  coatrsctrd  iniiinnia  friandahips.  He  nanled  the 
iliBghber  of  a  vcaltby  merchant  in  Aiartafdam,  by  (be  name  of  OroMi, 
and  t*tabli>hed  bimaclf  for  a  lime  as  a  praclisiog  physicinii  In  thai  rily, 
Rneuuragnl  by  Ids  growing  rcputalinn.  however,  Iw  w^iil  over  lo  Loat- 
don,  whnrc  his  praelioe  brcaoir  so  rxicniirc,  and  his  Ulioura  ao  bvnint' 
•omt,  that  he  found  hit  beidlh  gradually  ini|iiited,  and  hr  yleldc4 


I 


PlklOD.) 


VICKMIMUt  KNOX. 


W9 


again  to  what  be  dct'mcil  tlie  (utll  of  duty,  xa  reliniiuuhiiig  llie  «c(ivr 
etDpluyinenti  of  liia  proKauiiMi.  In  17H0  li«  went  lo  AiaMcnlaiB  wbcrir 
be  ticvotcil  himarlf  la  lilenuy  and  philooopliical  •ludiea,  and  to  (ocli 
c«u|riojrincnti  tu  were  auiled  lo  die  «lat«  of  hi*  IimIiIi  and  Hie  biM  of 
hit  (■clb^ilioa. 

Darin}*  bi*  residence  in  LondoDi  Dr  Cogin  wtt  iiistniin«ni>]  in  esla- 
•UtbiRgllic  Hi\val  Hutnan«  sociHy,  ona  of  tbemoM efficient tcheoiM of 
bonevolence  which  have' bean  devJMd  Ibrtbe  relief  of  lufiering  bumanily. 
Tbe  report*  of  llie  cociety  for  the  first  fix  yMn  «rro  dnwa  up  by  Dr 
C«gan,  wbo  alao  conlriird  imtninirnt*  lor  taking  drou-nnl  portoiw  out 
of  the  water,  and  «uggi«ted  rarious  improvrmRots  in  the  mtvoa  of  r<- 
^lucilBiion. 

After  retiring  from  hi>  profe«uon  in  London,  Dr  Cogan  lived  a  ■lu- 
ilioui  and  ijuirt  litr  in  llolland  till  ibc  Frroch  llpvoluiion,  wben  be  re- 
*olvcd  lu  quit  the  roiitiiieiil  and  lakp  up  liis  final  residence  in  Kngland. 
During  a  part  of  hi*  abaenca  li«  bod  posMd  lii*  linie  in  trorellin;;  ovrr 
Ganmny  and  iha  Kelhciluid*,  and  hnd  mnile  notes  of  tlie  tn4:id«iia 
and  rvflection*  that  occurred  to  bim  in  hii  wandcr^agi.  When  be  rr< 
lurm^l  lo  BnitlaDd,  li«  reviwil  bi>  jMimol,  and  published  it  in  a  aork 
COnnUii^  of  two  i-o<um««.  entitled  *  'llir  Rhine'  lie  nov  look  np  his 
rcaidcnoe  at  Baih.  Here  bis  altrntioo  was  larned  to  agriculiurv  j  he 
wade  rxpRrimctiu  in  farming,  and  ira«  m  meei-isful  ai  to  gain  «4!T«Tnl 
preniiunu  fmai  an  ajirieulturel  tocicty  to  wbicb  Iw  belonged.  U'hil<; 
midiD|[  at  Bath,  Iw  jwUitkcd  hit  '  Pbiloaopliical  and  Etbical  trvaitKv 
o»  tbe  Patmant.'  thne  were  rrcrivcd  with  approbation,  and  hnve  bn'n 
*e*rral  lime*  republUli«d.  At  the  laioe  place,  »l>o,  bii  lettcta  to  5Ir 
WilbrrAirce  on  '  Hereditary  Ueprarily '  made  ibrir  flnt  appvnrance. 
Nvxt  in  Miccf^oioo  were  bb  'TbcoJogicftl  Dixjuiailiona,'  in  two  i-olumeh 
enibrnoing  a  view  of  (he  Jewiiti  dicpcaiatlon,  and  of  ('hrttfionily. 
Thi'M  ore  made  to  bamiooiu;  with  liii  prciioui  ribical  trratix*,  and 
■re  intended  wiih  them  to  consiiiuiL-  a  graer*!  ^rMeu  of  mtwuli  and 
rrlifiion.  Dr  Cugan**  la^i  work,  ibi-  ■  Ethial  QuartUiBf.*  appruK-d  in 
1817,  a»d  rn-aln  chit-fly  of  niciapbyaioal  nI;)nI>. 

Tbn  autbor'i  Uiiir  ynan  ifrn;  moatly  paajwl  In  London.  Ho  eipir- 
rd  in  thai  lid  of  Frbraary,  Itiltf,  i*  the  ■tgbljr.accond  year  of  hb  age.' 

aMv  4.  p.  I7M,— oiiB  a.  n.  1891. 


Tiiia  learned  dlviiui  and  popular  writer  waa  born  at  Nrwlngton- 
crera,  In  MhMltMS,  on  iba  Rib  of  Drrrnibpr,  I75S.  IIi«  (aiber,  lh(r 
Hcv.  ViMaalnw  Kiioi,  LL.lt.  wai  n  vaaier  of  McrckaBt-iallor'a 
mImmL  The  lubfTcl  of  ibii  awtnoir  breama  a  mriubrr  td  St  Jotin'a 
wlenf,  Oxlortl,  in  wbicb  hit  htbrr  had  prrtvdi-il  bim.  Ilii  rariy  mm- 
poattioM  In  Latin  WMW  nicfc  MlaiMd  for  ibnr  wit,  ijulr,  and  purity  of 
rlietkia.  Tho  prraidenl  of  8t  John'*.  l>r  Diiinim  M»>n  diicvraiM  in 
Mr  Kboi  indimliuii*  uf  •vpFfior  |[i>nlu*,  ami,  a*  a  mark  of  boQOunblo 
dwtinction, appoiNlMl  liiai  a*pMli(T,witli  Mr  Brvggf,  the  earl  of  Dart- 


1^  JamI  P|*ih«. 


470 


KCCLtlHASTKAL  tHIES. 


Xtttmm 


inoutb,  Sr  G'Orgi-  Shuckbur^b  Eveljrn,  and  wllwn.  at  ihe  Enc 
whMi  Lim)  North  dm  pr«uded  in  |i«r«o«i  u  cbuin-llor  of  Oxford. 
Before  he  Ifll  tlit^  university,  and  pKvioiH  lo  hi>  taking  hi*  brhelor'i 
(U-grcy,  bi-  conipoged  Mwnl  etnyit  u  coltpftc  L-sHruca.  Tbrw  be 
lulHcqucnUy  (raoMnitlcit  to  Mr  Uitif ,  a  Loiiikm  pabliaberi  by 
ihi-j'  were  published  annnymoiiily  in  1777.  uixlcr  tlw  title  of  '  EmR}« 
Mcjnil  and  I.itcrsrjr.'  Tb-c  laccns  uf  thi«  voluiue  was  gretit ;  and  ». 
Kcoiid  edition  being  iwon  called  Ibr,  Ihi.-  uutlior  wai  inducvU,  dm  only 
to  add  Miolher  Tolntnc.  but  abo  to  prefix  liii  name.  Tbew  cMajra  uv 
written  in  a  vfry  ck^anl  style  :  but  we  should  hetitate  to  ray  of  k  abat 
liax  bcirnMid,  that  "  it  lias  the  aerve  of  Johnson  without  the  porapoaUy." 

Fioni  collct;et  uftFr  liavitig  t&k«n  the  degre«a  of  boch«lor  and  awtlcr 
of  arts,  Mr  Kuux  wat  olrattrd.  in  the  year  1778,  master  ofTonbridge 
school.  Shortly  aAttr,  Iw  acorpinl  the  lU^nv  of  (Inctnr  of  diTiniijr 
eonfcrvd  npon  bim  by  diploma  from  Phtladclpliin,  Unittd  Stetoa. 

Dr  Knox  next  nppctuvd  to  the  u-orld  ni  an  author,  by  paUnbing  lib 
Oelrlirnted  irrntice  on  *  Lilicral  EUuiMUion,'— a  subject  vbich,  of  courw, 
Otust  at  this  period  li«re  much  eMpVMcd  bis  »Ut.-Dli<io,  but  the  nlriclum 
wbirh  it  noniajDed  on  tli«  dlgripTine  and  mode  of  luittoa  pur>ticd  at 
Oxforil,  raised  no  liiih-  clamour  agaiBM  the  author.  "  AboM  at  Oxfatd 
hud  taken  tui-U  I'titl  hold  by  long;  conllnuance,  that  it  required  the  straag- 
Mt  exposition  lo  effect  any  reforoMtioD :  Dr  Knox,  therefore,  arraigned 
it  with  all  the  force  of  ridicule,  Inming,  and  nrgunirat  combined  ;  ud 
did  not  content  hiinsrlf  with  nddncJBg  Divrely  general  chofgea,  bat 
entered  nilh  a  minute  prceiiion  of  ioijuiry  into  the  Motircas  of  the  cor- 
niptions  which  pretmlted,  so  injurious  to  the  whole  nalion.  WfcttW" 
iit  hi)  ardi-ut  ical  ftir  the  iinimolion  of  Icnniiiig,  and  Die  iiii|iiimiiwl 
«f  tliii  ri»ing  grni-mion,  hr  might  not  hn«e  been  hurried  tn  one  or  l«o 
■nitancri  liryund  Ibc  itrict  limit  of  candour,  is  now  not  worthy  of  j«- 
quiry,  ftincc  beyond  all  i)uolroii  thr  public  al  large,  as  well  aa  ikr 
unirersily  itself,  lie  under  infinite  obligations  to  him  tor  having  rauwd 
many  imp  rove  men  ts,  nhicbi.— since  his  rcprorniaiions  nrrc  ihiMisIm^— 
have  been  tuade  in  tlic  discipline  of  Oxford.  'I'faii  votk  oas  uiiirce- 
snlly  mtd,  and  the  0\o<iiRiis  were  extremcty  galled  by  (he  celebrity 
with  wliii-h  it  tras  received.  Dot  oidy  tn  Itriiaiu,  but  through  Euro|i« 
and  .\mctica.  In  a  suIuequeDt  nlition  (lie  nollior  aubjoiued  ft  lenrr  tn 
Lord  North,  chancellor  of  (he  iiuivenity  of  Oxford.  Being  bopele^  of 
doing  any  good  jn  hit  place  m  a  membtir  of  the  academical  aeaatA,  (he 
author  adopted  this  mode  of  address,  with  a  licw  of  exciting  tbo  diaa* 
(■(■llor*s  atlentioo  to  tlie  abuses  which  he  iIktc  caunersttd.  I'kr  c>tla 
r(ieeiSed  in  this  k'tier  uere  so  palpable,  (liat  it  is  sarpnting  any  ibJag 
like  oil  apology  for  (hem  shouhl  hare  bwn  suffered  to  appear  fr«n  the 
public  press  «)'  the  uolverMty.  Yet  so  it  was:  from  the  univvrsiiy 
ivrts  istused  *A  Lrlter  to  the  llev.  Vicestimus  Knox,  on  (he  Suh- 
jecl  of  his  Auiiiudtrmiou  on  (lie  Uuirersily  of  Oxford,  by  a  mt- 
dciit  .Mi'm))cr  of  that  l.'niveraity.'  Kepoft  at  tbo  time  gate  (hb  furiotw. 
deelamnlory,  but  weak  and  afr4rc(ed  petfcnUBM',  to  a  college-tutor  of 
no  luean  rcputatiofi :  but  it  wni  soon  loBRd  and  acknowledged,  e*ea  in 
■  be  iinttenily  itself,  that  he  rather  injured  (h«  nuw  tbati  (uppottcd  k,*^ 

AUittt  (he  year  17H7  Ur  Knox  published  a  aeriM  of 


I 


n 


'  rsbUc  CUneMn  1003-4.    Umiatt,  •>* 


ViMon.]  V1CES8IMUS  KHOX.  471 

pkpen,  under  the  title  of  '  Winter  Evenings,'  ttc,  in  tliree  rolumet 
octavo.  Tliey  haTe  gone  through  several  editions.  '  The  Elegant  I£x- 
tracb,'  in  prou  and  rene ;  '  Family  Lectures,  or,  a  Collection  of  Ser- 
mona,'  in  two  large  volume*  octavo ;  aad  <  Elegant  Epistles,'  though 
compilations  merely,  nevertheless  confer  no  itnali  credit  upon  Dr  Knox, 
the  editor,  for  their  Judicious  selection  and  arrangement.  On  the  dowu- 
fall  of  the  artftocraoy  in  France,  Dr  Knox  published  a  work  entitled, 
'  Personal  Nobility,'  in  a  series  of  letter*  to  a  young  nobleman,  on  the 
conduct  of  bis  studies,  and  the  best  means  of  maintaining  the  dignity  of 
the  peerage. 

In  1793  an  event  occurred  in  the  life  of  Dr  Kaoi,  which  made  con- 
siderable noise  at  the  time.  A  sermon  which  he  preached  at  Brighton, 
at  the  period  when  the  country  was  in  a  general  ferment  in  consequence 
of  the  French  revolution,  gave  offence  to  some  obscure  personit,  militia 
officers  of  inferior  note,  whose  very  names  were  not  discovered,  but 
who  in  a  most  unmanly  way  sbowed  their  resentment  by  making  a  riot 
at  the  theatre,  to  which  the  doctor  had  accompanied  his  lady  and  family 
of  young  children  a  few  nights  afterwards.  The  immediate  sobject  of 
this  celebrated  sermon  was,  that  "offensive  war  is  a  high  crime  against 
Immanity  and  Christianity."  No  allusion  was  made  to  the  measures 
punning  in  this  country.  The  sermon  was  certiunly  more  in  opposition 
to  the  spirit  prevailing  in  France  than  here.  It  was  agreed,  however, 
on  all  hands,  that  a  more  eloquent  discourse  had  seldom  been  delivered 
from  the  pulpit ;  and  indeed  few  have  been  so  famous  since  the  days  of 
Dr  Sacbeverel.  The  composition  was  elegant,  and  strongly  impres- 
Mve  firom  its  peculiar  energy,  propriety,  and  harmony.  Dr  Knox 
treated  this  unpleasant  business  with  good-natured  contempt;  and  fol- 
lowed up  the  subject  of  the  sermon  by  giving  to  the  world  a  translation 
of  Erasmus's  celebrated  comment  upon  '  Bellum  dulce  inespertis,'  in- 
serted among  bis  adages.  Critically  considered,  this  is  one  of  the  best 
translations  that  has  ever  appeared.  The  translator  gave  this  tract  the 
title  of'  Antipolemus.' 

A  volume  of  '  Sermons  upon  Faith,  Hope,  and  Charity,'  by  Dr 
Knox,  appeared  in  1794,  they  met  with  a  very  favourable  reception. 
As  an  antidote  to  Painc's  pernicious  writings,  Dr  Knox  published  his 
'  Christian  Philosophy,'  in  two  volumes  12ma,  in  179ti.  '  Considerations 
on  the  Nature  and  Efficacy  of  the  Lord's  Supper'  was  published  in 
1600.  In  this  treatise  Dr  Knox  argues  that  "special  benefits  are  an- 
nexed to  the  reception  of  tiie  eucharist,"  in  opposition  to  the  opinions 
advanced  on  this  subject  by  Bishops  Hoadley  and  Fearce,  and  Dn 
Sykes,  Balguy,  and  Bell. 

Dr  Knox  died  in  1821. 


THE  END  or  vol.  V1L 


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