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- FROM 


Ore ee eee eee eee ees 


POM Sema meH HHH SSSA EHEAHHTOSS HS SE SES EHEREHEHEHENEHEE HE SHEEBES EEE EEHEETEHeeeaearesee 


POOH CeO Eee Oe OEE EEE EH EEE HEHEHE EHH HEHEHE EHC EHHHEOHEREH EEE EEE 


Clarendon Press Series 


EASY SELECTIONS 
ADAPTED FROM XENOPHON 


WITH A 


VOCABULARY 


NOTES AND MAP 


BY 


J. SURTEES PHILLPOTTS, B.C.L. 


Head Master of Bedford School 
Editor of ‘Selections Adapted from Xenophon’ 


AND 


C. §. JERRAM, M.A. 


Late Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford 
Foint Editor of the * London Series of English Classics* 


PRELIMINARY PART 


SCENZS FROM THE ANABASIS 


THIRD EDITION 


@xford 


AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 


MDCCCLXXKXIII 


[ Al rights reserved \ 





Donvdon 


HENRY FROWDE 





OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 


7 PATERNOSTER ROW 


PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 


THE object of such adapted Selections as these has some- 
times been misunderstood. It has been supposed that the aim 
is to save boys’ thought ; the real aim is the reverse. It is to 
get boys to think and to use their minds on the language at 
a stage when otherwise they would either have had their 
attention confined to Grammar or Delectus-work, or have 
had to struggle at translating authors whose style is really 
beyond them. Such a struggle does not, I believe, educate the 
boy or make him think. He is simply baffled and bewildered 
by having too many difficulties thrust on him at once, and 
either buys a word for word translation, or simply looks out 
the words without trying to connect them and discover a 
meaning. The essence of good teaching seems to me to lie 
in presenting to boys an infinite succession of problems 
carefully graduated according to the exact stage of their 
progress. Power is what we want; and the feeling of getting 
on, the feeling of doing something with one’s knowledge, the 
pleasure of following a connected story—all this awakens 
interest, makes brain and heart work with eye and ear, in- 
telligence with memory, and gives in fact that sense of power 
which is one of the chief sources of power itself. 

These ‘ Easy Selections’ are adapted for boys who are only 
just beginning Greek. They are somewhat graduated, so 
that the beginning is made still easier than the rest; in the 
first hundred lines there are no augmented tenses, in the first 
three hundred none which are not specially explained in the 
notes. All through, the words are, as far as possible, put in 
the order in which they should be taken; the sentences are 
very short, and there is a Vocabulary containing not only all 
the words, but all the more difficult forms of words used. 

The whole is intended as a Preliminary Part to ‘ Selecuons 


lv PREFACE, 


Adapted from Xenophon’,’ which has now reached a third 
edition. Since those ‘Selections’ were published I have been 
so much engaged with other work that I should never have 
been able to complete this Preliminary Part without the 
welcome assistance of Mr. Jerram, who I found had already 
prepared an edition of the Anabasis on his own account. 
At my suggestion he kindly gave up this for an ‘ Adapted’ 
edition, to act as a First Greek Construing-book. Besides 
his knowledge of the Anabasis, he brought to the work the 
freshest acquaintance with the actual wants of boys beginning 
Greek, from his experience in directing the classical teaching 
of a large preparatory school. Though I am responsible for 
the plan of the book, the main burden of the work has fallen 
on his shoulders, and if these ‘ Easy Selections’ should in any 
way meet the wants of teachers, I hope the credit will be 
given where it is due. We owe thanks to Mr. Beuttler for 
preparing the first draught of the Vocabulary. 


J. S. PHILLPOTTS. 
Jan. 1877. 


PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 


THE principal change in the Second Edition is that the 
First Chapter has been made still easier than before. This 
improvement has been effected, not by altering the text 
(which might have caused inconvenience in schools where 
the former Edition was already in use), but by additions 
to the notes. The verb-forms are the great stumbling- 
block to beginners, and throughout the first 300 lines every 
such form likely to cause any difficulty has been ‘parsed.’ 
The aim of these Easy Selections is to enable a boy to 


1 If variety is desired, the ‘Stories of Rhampsinitus and Marathon’ 
(Rivington, and ed. 1877) may be used as a bridge between the two. 


PREFACE, V 


begin construing at once, without the intervention of any 
Greek Reader or Delectus. At the request of the boys 
themselves the book was introduced into a form, where many 
had begun their Greek Grammar but two or three weeks 
previously; and the experiment was found thoroughly suc- 
cessful. Should it be thought that a reading-book is out 
of place at so early a stage, it must be remembered that 
by the time boys begin Greek, the chief difficulties of trans- 
lation from a foreign language have been already mastered 
in Latin, if not in French as well, With Grammar and 
Vocabulary a boy can begin construing almost as soon as 
he knows the alphabet. The need of constant reference to 
the Accidence to help him in this task makes an intelligent 
boy look upon his Grammar as a friend rather than as a 
foe; whereas, if he learns paradigms alone for several weeks 
or months, he soon loses the interest of novelty in disgust 
at the dryness of the method. The standard of accuracy 
need not be lowered, but the required amount of accuracy 
may be achieved as completely with a more ready coopera- 
tion on the part of the learner. After all, we educate zon 
scholae sed vitae; and if, as we profess, our chief aim is to 
develope intelligence, we cannot afford to dispense with the 
exercise of it at any stage. 

The First Edition was not stereotyped, on purpose to leave 
room for alterations. Several minor additions are now intro- 
duced, and the whole has been most carefully revised and 
corrected. Should any errata still have escaped detection, 
the Editors will be greatly obliged to any one who will send 
a line to either of them. 


J. S. PHILLPOTTS, Grammar SCHOOL, BEDFORD. 
Cc. S. JERRAM, WINDLEsHAM, SURREY. 


July, 1878. 


CONTENTS. 


SEcT. I. The March towards Babylon .. . . I 
Notes . 6 «© © © © © © © «© « 107 


is Il. The Battle of Cunaxa and its Results. . 14 
Notes © © © © © © © © © © o 28 18 


ag III. Beginning of the Retreat . . . . .. 20 
Notes °° © © © © © @ @ «© 0 oe I2I 


- IV. The March to Kurdistan . . 2... . 29 
Notes . 21 6 6 «© © «© © © « « 126 


3 V¥. The March through Armenia. . ... 44 
Notes . « © © © © © © « © © 1536 


Pe VI. Trapezusand Sinope . .. «6 + «© « 57 
Notes eo © © © © © © © © © © 145 


» VII. Sinope to Chrysopolis . . . .. =.» 72 
Notes « 0 © © © © © © © «© © 155 


» WIII. Concluding Scenes of the Retreat . . . 84 
NOLES: Je) os w- % € ces ee 


8 
Vocabulary . « « © © © © © © © © © © © © 179 


Grammatical Register . 2. 0 « © © © © © © «© «© 233 


Map shewing the route of the Greeks, 


DATES OF 
GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY. 


B.C. 
Cyrus the Great founds the Persian Empire. - . 559 
Subdues Croesus and Asiatic Greeks, and takes Babylon 546-538 
Cambyses hisson succeeds. . .« «© © «+ «+  §2a9 
Darius I (Hystaspes) ‘ . 8 . ° . : §31 
Ionian towns revolt from Persia . . . ° - §00 
Sardis burnt by the Athenians. ; ; ; ° ‘ 499 
First Persian Invasion of Greece. Marathon . . . 490 
Xerxes succeeds to the throne . ; ‘ ; : . 485 
Second Persjan Invasion. Salamis . ‘ ; : . 480 
[Athenian Ascendancy << * 4 : ; - 480-430] 


Artaxerxes I succeeds ‘ . ° . ‘ : : 465 
Peloponnesian War begins . P ‘ - ; ‘ 431 
Darius II (Nothus) succeeds .. : . . 424 
Tissaphernes made Satrap of Asia Minor ; : F 413 
Tissaphernes makes treaty with Sparta . 411 


Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius, supersedes ‘Tissaphemes 407 
Artaxerxes II (Mnemon) succeeds to the throne . - 405 
Peloponnesian War ends. Athens taken by Lysander . 404 
Oyrus rebels against his brother Artaxerxes 7 ° 401 


EXPEDITION OF CYRUS. 
Departure from Sardis . ° ‘ ; March 6th 401 


Arrival at the Maeander . : : ‘ » goth - 
” Celaenae . : ; F ‘ » 20th ‘3 
és Caystri Pedion . ‘ ‘ : May ist 9 
» Tyriaeum . . 2. « « » 8th ” 
- Tarsus j A ‘ 3 : June 6th os 
” Issus . ° ° e e e ” 28th 9 


Myriandrus e ; e e e J uly 6th 39 
Through the Arabian Desert . . «. Aug. 8th—13th ,, 
Battle of Cunaxa . . : é ‘ Sept. 7th 9 


Vill DATES OF GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY. 


THE RETREAT. 


B.C 
The Greeks begin their Retreat . . Sept. 8th 401 
Truce made with the king . ° ° . » 0th ‘i 
Arrival at Sittace ; ‘ ; ; Oct. 11th oe 

Murder of the five paler a ie a » 29th % 
They cross the mountains into Kurdistan - Nov. 20th - 
Enter Armenia . ‘ ‘ ‘ : : » 29th i 
First fall of snow ‘ ; ° ° ‘ Dec. 6th ” 
In the Armenian villages . ° ° ° », 18th—z2Ist ,, 

Arrive atthe Harpasus . . « «© Jan. Igth 400 

1 4 First view ofthesea - . .« ©. = © ~~ #£«Feb. Ist 

: - Arrive at Trapezus . . » © « » 13th 

: 2” Cotyora ° e ° ° ° April 13th ” 

a » Sinope . 8« © ° June 24th ‘i 

a Heraclea ; ‘ . ‘ ‘ July ist ‘5 

| » Chrysopolis. . Aug. 7th ‘5 


The Greeks take service with Séathies . ; ‘ Dec. 5th - 
They join Thibron, the Spartan general March 5th 399 


SUCCEEDING HISTORY. 


Agesilaus is made king of Sparta. : . . - 898 
He defeats Tissaphernes at Sardis . . . « + © 395 
Battle of Coronea. ° . . ‘ ‘ : ‘ 394 
Peace of Antalcidas . . . . , ; . 887 
Philip becomes King of Macedon . ; 359 
Philip prepares Greek expedition against Darius III 
(Codomannus) King of Persia, but dies. Alexander 
succeeds Philip . ° ae’ ‘ ‘ ‘ . 836 


Battle of the Granicus . ° . ° ° ‘ ‘ 834 
Defeat of Darius at Issus ‘ : ‘ . 333 
Final defeat at Arbela. Alexander ies Babylon : - 880 
Death of Darius . ‘ ‘ ; . ° 331 


Persian Empire Sdiiplately subjugated > * A 328 








SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


CHAPTER I. ; 
THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 


The two brothers. Their father dies. Artaxerxes succeeds. 


Aapelov xat Tapvodrides ylyvovrat aides v0, kal 
mperButepos pev eotiw Apra&épéns, vewrepos S& Kipos. 
Aapeios 8¢ dobevGyv, nat dn péAdAwv Oaveiv, BovAerar 
duorépw T® Taide map-eivar. 6 pev ovv mpEeaPuTeEpos 
map-eott. Aapeios 5 KeAever tov Kipoyv dva-Baivew 5 
dnd tis dpxis, ts éott carpdans. 6 8 ovv Kipos 
dva-Balvet, éxwv tpiaxoclovs daAitas Trav “EAAnver. 
dva-Balvwoy 5¢ AapBdvee Tiocadepyny oiy EavTto as 
girov. dva-Bas 5 6 Kipos ére éoriv év tois BacAclors, 
dre 6 pev Aapeios redevta *Apraképéns 8€ yiyverat ro 
BactAevs. 


Cyrus is disgraced. He courts popularity, intending revolt. 


"Exetra Tiscadepyns dta-Bddder tov Kipov, pdoxwv 
te “Apragép&y ott 6 Kipos ém-Bovdrever aito. 6 be 
’Apragépéns meiBerai te cat ovd-AayBdaver Kigov' Kor 

i B 


2 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


18 BovAerat pev dno-xreivat avtov, } Se untnp ef-arrnoapevy 
abrov dno-néure. maAdww emt thy apynv. 6 6% Kidpos az- 
épxerat, kat dn peoet Tov AdeA@or, Kal Bovdreverar Srws 
Bacrevoes avr’ éxelvov. xat Tlapdcarls re 4 yunrnp pire? 
tov Kipov paddov 7) Tov Baotdevovta ’ApragépEnv’ kat 

a0 6 Kipos avrés xaplCerat rots [lépcais, oor adp-txvovvrat 
mapa Bacthéws mpds avrov, Gore kat ovrot ylyvovrat pahAov 
éaur@ plroe 7) BaoAre?. yxaplerat dé Kal rots BapBdpors 
Tots map’ €avre, va wow edvor’ Kat émt-pedeirat avray, va 
éxwow éuxerplay tod moAepeiv’ Kat GOpoile. orparioras 

25 Tov ‘EAAnvey AdOpa, Smws AGBy Baciréa d-tapd-oxevov. 


Cyrus collects officers and troops secretly. 


SvA-A€yes 82 orpdrevpa ev Xeppovnow dde. KAdapyds 
éore guyas Aaxedaidmos’ 6 5¢ Kipos, yevdpevos dlros 
TouT@ T@ KAedpy, trap-exet aiT@ ToAAG xpyyara. 6 be 
AaBwv Ta xpyyata ovd-d€yet oTpdrevpa, Kal ovd-Aé£as 

30 moAeuel Trois Opaét BonPav rats médeot TGv ‘EAAHvev. 
atrat dé ai modes Tap-exovaty avT@ xphpara els THY Tpo- 
giv Tév orparwwtav. TodTo S& 76 oTpdrevpa TpEeperat 
T@ Kip AdOpa. Enecra 6 Kipos xedever Tpdfevov rov 
Boustioy Kai GAdous ovd-A€yewv oTpatidras, ddoxwv Gre 

35 BovAetat orparevecOa eis Tltoldas* otros yap moAEuotot 
TH éavtod yopg. , kal obrot ToLodow obrws. 


Cyrus begins his march. issaphernes warns the hing. 


Kipos 8 76n BovdAduevos dva-Balvew aOpolfer rd re 
BapBapexov cat ro ‘EAAnvexdv orpdrevpa. kal Kededer 
aév te KXéapxov xal rovs aAAovs, AaBdvtas Ta EavTov 

4o oTparevpata, Tap-eivat avt@ els Tdpdets. obror ovv 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 3 


dd-txvodvta. Ticoadépyns 5¢ axovcas ratra, cai poBov- 
wevos Td TAROOS THS TapacKevts, Topeverar pds Bacréa 

‘ ? e. / \ \ x ‘ 
TAXV, Exwy TevTaxociovs inméas. Kat Bacireds pev 37, 
axovoas trapa Ticcadépvous S71 6 Kipos ava-Baive, xal 
airos dvti-mapa-oxevadcerat. Kipos 8& éxwy todro 16 45 
oTparevpa dva-Baive. amd Sdpdewv, cal éFedravver dia 
THs Avoias émt rov Malavdpoy torapydv. 


Menon and Glearchus join. A halt. A review. 

Tovrov 52 rod morapod 76 edpds éott d¥0 TACOpa’ yépupa 
8& éx-eort TO ToTape em-Keiwévyn TAoiots emda. Kai dia- 
Bas tov norapov é€-edatver 61a Ppvylas eis Kodoacds. 50 
kal évradda péver nucpas énrd: cal Mevwv 6 Oerradd0s mdp- 
eoTLy, Exwy xiAlous émAlras Kal Tevraxooiovs TeATAOTAS. 
évrevOev 6 Kipos éfedavver els KeAauas, médAw ris 
Ppvylas. évtavOd éore Bacirera Kipw xat mapddevoos 
péyas tAnpys dyplwv Onplov, & adros Onpever amd tarov, 55 
Gray BovAntat yupvdoa éavtdv tre Kai tovs trmovs. 
évrav0a Kipos pévet tpidxovra juépas’ Kat KAéapyos 
6 Aaxedaipdros duyds map-eotiv, €xwv énArlras ytAiovs 
kat weATaotas kal to€dras. Kal évraida Kipos move? 
eféracw Kat apiOuov Tav “EAAjvev év to Tapadeicw. 60 
kat ylyvovras GmAtrat pev pupioe Kai xiduot, weATaoTal be 


des Arcot. 


Arrival of Cilician Queen. Another review. 
*Evreddev e€-eXatve: els Kepapdv ayopav, xat évredbev 
els Katorpov médiov, cal péver nucpas mévre. éevtadda 
"Enva€a 4 yuvn tod KiAlkwv Bamirdos ad-ixvetrat mapa 65 
Kipov" xal di3wor Kipp xpyyara moAAd. évredOev e&- 
eXavves eis Tupiaiov. kat évtatda H Kitsooa d€itor 
B 2 


4 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Kupov ém-deigar rd orpdrevpa airy’ 6 be adOts movetras 
é€éracw trav “EAAnvey kal trav BapBdpey év te medio. 

7° keAevet 5 Tovs “EAAnvas tayOnvat otrws, as elwOace 
rartecOat els pdynv. Tdrrovra. ouv ém retTdpwr’ Kat 
Mévey pev exer rd dé£tov Képas, KAdapxos 8€ ro evove- 
joov, of 8° GAAot orparnyot €xoves TO pecov. _ 


Review. Maneuvres. Orders to charge. 

"O 8& Kipos Oewpe? mpGrov pev rots BapBdpovs* of 
75 58 map-eAavvovcr TeTaypevor Kata Tafeis’ elra S€ Oewpel 
tous “EAAnvas, avros map-eAkavvwv ed Gpparos, cal 7 
Kitooa ed’ dppapdéns. amdvres d& éxovor xpava yada 
kal xiT@vas dowrixlous Kal Kunuidas cai ras Gomidas éx- 
kekaduypevas, Tmap-eAavvet dé tavras, émerra 5€ oTyoas 
807d Eppa mpd tis pddAayyos, méeumer TOY Epunvéa Tapa 
Tovs oTpatnyous Tév “EAAnvev. Kal Kedever atTovs mpo- 
BadécOa ra SrAa Kal GAnv thy hadayya én-tévar. of 
8€ Adyover Tradra Tois orpariarais’ Kal Hon HY odAmLYE 

onpaiver, ot 5 mpo-BadAdpuevot Ta OaAG em-EpyovTas. 


The mock-charge terrifies the barbarians. 


85 °Ex 3 rtovrov of orpari@rat, mpo-tdvTes OarToy avy 
Kpavyn, Xopotor Spdum emt tas oxynvas* odds 5¢ dos 
ylyverat tots BapBapots. xal 7 re Kidtooa hevyes ex THs 
dppapdgéns, cat of éx rhs dyopas pevyover xata-AundvTes TA 
ayia’ of bé°EAAnves oby yéAwre Epyovrat ent tas oxnuds. 

90% 3 KiXttooa lsotca tiv Aapmpdrnta Kal thy Tdéw tov 
atparevpartos Oavpdter. Kipos d& yderar idov rods “EA- 
Anvas otrw fadlws poPjaat tos BapBdpovs. ‘Evreddey 
é&edatver oraduovs moAdovs eis Tapoous ris Kecxias, 
xab uévet nuepas elkoow. 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 5 


The army refuses to proceed. Clearchus holds a meeting 
with his men. 


’Evradéa of orpartarat ovx O€dovaw lévat mpdcw’ 75 95 
yap voulCover tov orddov elvat ext Bactdéa. mpa&rtos be 
Kréapxos Biacerat trovs éavtod orpariwras lévar of be 
BddAAovow avrov AlGots, ore ov Svvarat mpo-tevar. 6 3 
ovy KAéapxos cuv-dyet rots éavrod orpariéras’ xai mpa- 
tov pey dSaxpver mod xpdvov" of S€ dpdvtes OavpdCoval 100 
TE Kal cLwm@awv. elra d5€ Aéyer Tordde’ 


Speech of Clearchus. i. ‘You compel me to choose between 
betraying the cause of Cyrus and deserting you.’ 


“*Avdpes otparirat, uy Oavpacere Ste dxOopat emi 
Tots Tap-ovcr Tpdyyact. Kipos yap éyévero £évos epoi, 
cat ériunoé pe hevyovta éx THs: warpidos, Kal ewxé pot 
WOAAG xpynuata. eéyw 5¢ AaBov radra edatdavwv ovx els 105 
éuaurdy GAN’ els tpas. Kal mpGrov pev énod€unoa mpos 
tous @paxas, xal w@pédovy tovs “EAAnvas pe tyar. 
émetd7 5¢ Kipos éxdAe: pe, tére AaBov tuas ewopevdpyp, 
tva @pedoinv avrov avril trav mpds Cue evepyeotav. enel- 
be dyeis viv ob BovAccOe cup-mopevecbal pot, dvdyKn pol 110 
Gor 7) mpo-dovre tyas xpioOa rH Kvpov girAlg, 4} apo- 
ddvrt abrov am-révat ped” tpav.” 


ii. ‘I choose the former alternative.’ 


“El pev 8) dikata womow, ox otda* dudoty se 
plow svrev, aipjoouat ob Kipov aad’ tas’ kal, eet 
jets ov Oédere EmecOar eyol, eyo Epouat ody tpiv. x15 
voui(a yap tyas etval por cat marplda Kai idous xat 
ouppdyous’ Kat ody uty pey alopas dy etvar tipros, Snow 


6 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


dy a Gvev 8% juGv obk dy dvvaiuny obre GdedAToat pidrov, 
otre GréEavbar eyOpdv. tore ody eue idvra, dmot dy cal 

120 jets tyre.” tara elmev of 88 orparid@rat dxovcavres 
tadra én-yvecay airov' mapa S& Zeviov cat Tactwvos 
mAelous 7 Sts-yfAcoe AaBdvTes Ta SAG eotparomeEdev- 
gavto mapa Kiedpxo. 


Clearchus pretends to break with Cyrus. Second address to 
the soldiers. i. ‘Cyrus is justly angry with us all.’ 
"Evratda Kipos per-eneunero tov KAéapyov" 6 8% otk 
125 70edev lévat, méurov b& aire dyyedov Creve Oappeiv wept 
rovr@y’ éxédeve 5& tov Kipoy pera-néunecOat avror 
devrepov’ Kupov b€ pera-meuwapevov, maAw ovK 1Oerev 
idvas. pera 5 radra ovy-ayayov Tovs otparidras Eéde€e 
roidde’ “Nop ov, dvdpes otpariGrat, ovre Hpeis ere 
130 €gpey oTpaTi@rat ToU Kupov, ote éxeivos ére prrOoddrns 
cotiv nuiv. Sre dé vowicer Eavrov abixeicOa bp jpav eb 
oda’ dote ov e0é\w edAGcivy tap’ avrov, xalmep pera- 
TEeuTopevoy pe. aloytvouai te yap Gre eevopat avrov, 
kat dédorKa pt) Sta rotro ém-6n poe dixnv, dre voices 
138 nouxjoda im eyod. 


ii. ‘We are therefore in an awkward position. What is 

to be done?’ 

*"Epot oty doxet ovn etvar xatpoy jpiv Kxad-evdev, GAG 
BovreverOar 5 te xpy morety Hon. Kal ws Te pevowev 
évOdde, Set Huas oxéWacbat Stws dopadéotara pevoper’ 
kat el 75n Soxet Hyuty am-éva, Set BovdrcvecOat drs 

140 dogadéorata dn-lwpev, kat Strws Exomey Ta emirndera® 
dvev yap tovrwv ore orparnyds ore ldudtns fis éorey 
ovdevds. 6 8 Kipos xpyoyos pév éore gidos tov- 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 7 


tots, ols ay gidos 7, xadem@ratos be exOpos, ols dy 
éyOpos 7 gxet yap Sdvapiw cal weChy cal immexjy Kat 
vauTixny, iv mdavres Hueis SpGuev te xal émoraueda’ 
@ore xatpds éore A€yew 6 te tts vouler aprotoy etvat.” 


The army send to Cyrus to ask his intentions. His answer. 


Mera Tatra ocup-BovAevoduevos téunovaty dvipas ov 
KAedpx, ot npdtrwy Kipoy & tt Bovdotro mroteiv. 6 88 
dm-expivaro’ “’Axotw ‘ABpoxcpav, éyOpov dyvdpa, etvat 
éxt r@ Evdparn moraym> BovAouat oty eAOety mpos 
Todroy” kat dy wey 7 éxel, TysmpnoducOa adrov, cay be 
pevyn, juets exe? Bovrevodueda ti xpi Torety ex TovTwY.” 
kal of pev meupOévres adv-ayyédAovet tadra Tois otpa- 
Tiras” of 5&8 bn-wmrevoy pev Gre 6 Kipos ayou avrovs 
mpos Baciréa, Spws b€ ebdxer EmecOar airo. GAA’ ovdé 
évradéa 6 Kipos ghavepds cimey Ste Gyot TO oTrparevpa 
ént Bactréa. 


March into Cilicia. Cheirisophus joins. Tawo captains desert. 


"Evreddev é&-edavver els "Iooovs éoydtny méAw Tis 
Kurcxlas* xat évratéa é€jxovra vies ex TleAotovyjoov 
map-joay Kup. aap-ny Sé xai Xerpicodos Aaxedatpdvtos 
ént rév vedr, éxov éraxoclous émAiras. ai dé vies Oppovv 
mapa Thy Kipou oxnynv. ’ABpoxopas 8é, éret FKovoce Kidpov 
dvra év Kida, dva-orpewas éx Powwikns an-jravve Tapa 
Bactrda’ etye 5%, ws eAdyeto, rpidxovra pupiddas. epv- 
red0ev Kipos é£-eAavver 51a Supias els Muplavdpov, mdéAuw 
olkoupeyny id Powixwy eat tH Oadarrn® Kal évradda 
Zevias 6 "Apxas, otparnyos, cat Tlaciwy 6 Meyapeds 
éu-Bdvres els mAotoy am-émAcevoav. 


= 


45 


i] 


50 


155 


160 


4 


65 


8 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Generosity of Cyrus. 


"Emel 88 @xovto, mdvres eAdeyov Srt Kipos dafor 
170 quTods Tpinpect, 6 8% ovy-Kad€oas TOs oTparnyods 
‘etnev’ “ EZevias xal Tlactwv dno-deAolnacw Has. add’ 
ox ano-dedpdxacw (oisa yap Srp otxovrat), ovde dmo- 
mepevyacw (éxw yap tpinpes, ore dvvacOa Edeiv Td 
éxe(vwy toiov). GAd’ ox ~ywye Bi@£@ adrods, ovde 
175 KaK@S ‘omjow Tovs didrovs, of dv BovrAwvrat an-tévat. 
GAAG trocav of dvOpwmot, eiddres Ste xaxiovs eciot wept 
Has, 7) Hets eopev rept exelvovs.”’ xal 6 pev Kipos ele 
tatra’ of 8 "EAAnves, axovovres riv Kipou dperhy, 
ovv-enopEevovTo avT@ mpodupdrepov ex TovToV. 


Cyrus declares the real object of the expedition. 


180 Mera tadra Kipos éf-edatdver emt rov Evdpdrny 
moTapov’ Kal évradda pera-Treuduevos Tos oTpatnyous 
Tov ‘EAAjnvey édeyev Stet 7} 680s Eoottro mpos Bactrdéa 
péyay eis BaBvAGva’ Kat éxéXevoey avrovs Adyew tadra 
Tots orpariérats, xat melOev atrovs EnecOat. of be 

185 orpari@rat éxadénatvoy Tots otparnyois Kat ovK 7OeAov 
tévat, ef pr) Kdpos dof) airois mAelw yxpyyata. of 
8 orparnyol at-iyyeAAov Taira Kip’ 6 8 ta-doxero 
Sovvat, of pev 3% wWAcioTo. tTGv “EAAjvev otras énei- 
cbnoav. 


They cross the Euphrates, and enter Arabia. Description of 

the desert. Hunting wild animals. 
190 Ata-Bdvres 8& Tov Edgpdrny norayov mopevovrar bd 
ris ApaBias. év rovrw d& Te Témy 4 yh Hv Tedloy Grav 
Guardv, dorep Oddatra: sévdpov Se oddev jv. Onpia be 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 9 


qv mavrota’ mAelotoe péev Gvow &yptot, MoAAOl 8¢ oTpovOor 
of peyddou Foay 5€ Kal @rides Kal Sopxddes. of 3¢ inmets 


mo\Adxts édfwxov raira ta Onpla. Kat of pév Gvor, eet 


, b) \ X 
tis Sedxot avrovs, mpo-dpaydvres Eotacav: érpexov yap 
moAv Oarrov tév tanwv' Kal wdAuv, éret of Larmor TAnotd- 
Covev, erolovy tairdv* xal ov pddiov Fv AaBeiv rods 
» aN XN n € / ¥ @ a 
Gvous. Ta dé kpéa TOY GAtoKOpEevwy dvev Guoia HV Tots 
é\adelots kpéact, dmadadrepa bé. 


Ostriches. Bustards. Scarcity of food. 


SrpovOdv 8€ ovdets EraBev of St inmets rayd éxavovro 
Sudxovres. of yap orpovdol éf-ehevyoy mpdaw, xpdpevot 
Tos ev tool mpos TO Spapeiv, rats 5¢ mrépvéw alpope- 
vats, oorep lotios. tas be arldas Suvarov Fv AauBavew, 
el ris Taxv av-tataln abrds’ mérovrat yap Bpaxd, domep 
arépdtxes, kat Taxv dmo-Kdpvovar pevyovoa. Ta be xpéa 
avtév ijitoTa Hv. Kat év ratty TH epyuw ToAAa Tov 
dnodvylwy an-dreTo bd Aysod* ov yap Av xépros* kat 
6 otros én-dAitev ato TO oTpdreupa, Kal ovx eddvavro 
mplacOat. 


Forced marches. Energy of Cyrus’ staff. 


TToAAdkts 8€ 5 Kipos jAavve rods oraduots mdvu pa- 
Kpovs, Store BovAotro ad-txeaOan 7} mpds Hdwp 7} mpds xirdv. 
cat 89 wore al Gpakat ovx eddvayro ampo-xwpely da Th 
arevoxwpiav te kai tov mnddv. 6 ody Kipos ém-ords abv 
rots wept avtov aplorots éxéAevoe Tavs Eavtod orpariétas 
ovy-ex-BiBacew tas dudgas. émet 8@ eddxovy avrg cxo- 
Aalws wotety tobro, éxéAevoe Tovs Kparicrovs Trav Tlepodév 
ovv-ert-onedoa Tas audéas. evOa 57 tor dy ris pépos 


Tu THs evraglas airay’ phpavtes yap Tas Topdupas Ydo- 


195 


200 


205 


210 


215 


10 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


220 pvdas Eomevdoy Spaydvres Kata Tod Addov, ov érvxov 
éarynxores. élyov 5é kal moAvuTeAcis ytTGvas Kat TotAas 
dvatupidias évior 5& elyov cat orpentovs wept Tots tpa- 
xnros cal yréAta tepi tais xepoly' Suws 5é ody rovrors 
els-mrndjoavtes els Tov mynAdv e£-exdptocay Tas Gudagas. 


Traces of the king’s troops. Treachery of Orontes. 


3 re) 4 3 a) ” J 

225 Evred@ev mopevopevois avrots tyna Iinnwy édpalvero 
kat xdémpos' 6 5€ oriBos elxdcero elvas as dts-xiAiov 
Immov. ovtor mpo-tdvres Exatoy Kal xtAdv Kai Ta GAAG ev 
. Z / b] , SL 32.08 t SS 
™ XOpa xpnota. “Opovrns 6€ avnp Ilepons, ovyyevns 
apy Bactrel, ém-Bovdever. Kip@* otros 8€ efmev St, 
230 Kdpos doln ara tmméas xiAlous, kodvoetey dy Tots TOV 

4 € A Lol 4 N 4 na XN 99 27 
modeuioy innéas Tod xalew tov xiAdv. tadra de éddxet 
to Kup etvat derma, xal exéAevoey aitoy AapBavew 

t ger ne t - @ ere , t 
Mépos Tap’ ExdoTov Tay Tyenovev. 6 5& "Opdvrns ypader 
émioToAny mapa Bactéa, A€ywv Ste or Exwy modAAovs 

235 inmeéas. 


‘Orontes ts discovered and arrested. 


Tavrny tiv emorodny biiwor more avdpl, as Gero. 
6 8€ AaBav dibwor Kipw. 6 8& Kipos dva-yvods rip 
émoroAny ovdA-AapBaver Opdvrnv, cal ovy-xarel els THY 
éavtod oxnvny énra tous apictovs tév TlepoGy. xa 
240 €x€Aevoe TOUS TGV EAAlvwr orpatynyous ayayely omAiras, 
toutous 5& éxéAevoe OécOar ta BrAa mepl THY éavTod 
aoxnnv. ot dé énoinoay tadra, dyaydvTeEs ws Tpis-xtAlous 
6mAiras. map-exddece 5€ cai KAéapxoyv ctpBovdAov 6 
dé, ewe ef-7AOev, eE-nyyere Tots pidats THY Kpiow Tov 
245 Opdvtov, as éyévero. edn 8 Kipov apxew tod Adyov 
ade 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, It 


Cyrus conducts the trial. ‘Tavice already has Orontes turned 
traitor to me.’ 


* Tlap-exdAeoca tas, dvdpes pidrot, Stas BovAevdpevos 
oby tpiv mpdéo & rt dlkaidy éore wept ’Opdvrov rovrovt. 
Tp@tov pey yap 6 euds watHp €dwxe TovToy tmxoov elval 
po énel dé KeAevodels id Tod euod adeAGod obros 
énodcunrey euoi, éy@ mpos-roAcnGv airg@ érolnca Tav- 
cacda, Tod moAeuod, cal €AaBov Ssefiav kat gdwxa.” 
“Mera taira,” én, “& “Opdvra, rl 7dlknod oe;” 6 be 
an-explvaro Sr. Kipos ovdéy ndiknoe. amddw 5¢ 6 Kipos 
noota, “ Oixody torepoy dmo-oras els Mvuoots xax@s 255 
ézolets THY eunv xepav;” Epn 6 "Opdvtns memonxévar 
tavra. “ Ouvxody,” py 6 Kipos, “ torepov éAOoy ent tov 
mis *Apréuidos Bwoyov amddw eéwxds pot mora, Kal 
éhaBes tadta wap’ éuod;” 


& 


5° 


6 8& "Opdurns wpoddyer Kat 
TOUTO. 260 


“This is now the third time. What shall we do with him?’ 
“7Ap ovr, &pn 6 Kipos, “ dduxnOels tn’ euod viv rd 
tplrov ém-BovAevers €uol;” 6 Se ’Opdvrns etnev Ort ovdev 
jouKnon. évravda 6 Kipos npwrncev avrdv’ “ “Opodoyeis 
ovv yeyevnoOa Gdixos mept eué;” ““Opodroya,” edn 6 
"Opdvrns. wdAw 6 Kipos jpérncev airéy’ “ Bovdes ody 265 
ere yeverOat TH prev EUG AdEAGG ToAEutos, euoe 5é Hiros 
cat muotds;” 6 88 dm-explvato, “ Ovde ef yevoluny cor 
gitos, ® Kipe, ool y’ dv more Sd€ayu etva.” apos radra 
Kipos ete tots map-odow, ‘“O peév avip A€yet toLabra’ 
ov de mpGros, @ KAeapxe, and-yvat tiv ceavtod yvapuny 270 
wept TovToV. 


IZ SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


Orontes disappears from the scene. 


KAéapyos 88 eire rdde “’Eya cvp-Bovredw adavicew 
le) \ wv € 4 , , 
tovrov Tov avdpa as taxtoTa, tva pnkere dén pudarrecbat 
lo) a a 3” 
tovTov, GAA’ iva oXoAn 7) Hiv €v morety Tovs pidous. 
275 of 3€ GAAoL edeyor Tattd. pera Tadra Gmavres ava- 
ordvres €kaBov Tis Cavns tod ’Opdytov ént Oavarw «ira 
e b! “A / 3 ” > 3 XS e 
of mpos totro teraypevor ef-yov airdv. éne be 6 
"Opdvtns els-nvéxOn els rhv “Aptandrov oxynyyv, Tod 
muotordrov tay Kupov oxnmrovxwv, peta tadta ovdeis 
a80 MWTOTE EldEV aUTOY ovTEe CGvTA OUTE TEOYnKdTa’ Tados dé 
> ' 3 a 3 A 
ovdels avtod epdvn meToTE. 


News from the king's army. Cyrus encourages his Greek 
Soldiers. 


*Evredbey Kipos é€-eAavvee d:a tHs BaBvdAwvlas 
ataduovs tpeis. TH be éx-vovon Hepa adTopodor iKovtes 
Tapa peyddov Bactkdws an-nyyeAdov Kipwo wept ris 

285 BactWews otparias. Kipos 5@ ovy-xadéoas Tovs orpa- 
Tnyous Kat Aoxayous Tay “EAAjvwv eOdpovvev adrods, 
Adyar toidde. "0, dvbpes “EAAnves, ov 8a TodTo tyas 
&yw, Sr. dmopG avOpdémwv BapBdpwr, ddAr Ere voulcw 
byuas elvas ayuelvovas moAAGy BapBdpev. yéveode ody 

290 dvdpes Gftor rhs edevOepias Hs éxere. €D yap tore, dre 
kal avros édoluny dv rip erevdeplav dvri mdvtwr dv exo. 
éy® 8%, @& eldas els ofoy dydva epxeode, didaEo tyas. 
of ey yap ToA€stos Evovtas todAol, Kai én-lace oAAIj 
kpavyn’ éav be dva-cxnobe ratra, ovdéy GAO HoPepov 

295 éora’ Kat yap aloyvvopat by Aéywv as Setdoi elo ob ev 
TH x@pa avOpwma. edav 3& tyeis avdpes yévnoOe xal 
ctroduo, tym Toinow tots pey Bovdomévovs at-révat 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 13 


aixade (nAwrods rots otkoe’ olopat 5& TOAAOUs tuav aipy- 
ceadat map’ enol péverv.” 


An objector silenced. Fresh promises. 


3 “ , by ~ Kaineye 86 ‘ 
Evrad0a TavAirns tis tap-av etre ro Kipp “ Kat pv, 300 
@ Kipe, A€yovaol tives Ste viv ta-tcxvel TOAAG Sia Tov 
map-dvra xlydvyov' éay b€ Te ev yevnrat, ov peyvnoecbai 
oé gaciv* Evioe 8€ A€yovow Gre ovd' ef BovAoto, dvvato 
dy dzo-do0va Soa tn-icyvel.” 6 5¢ Kipos da-explvaro’ 
9 a 
SAAN’ ore wey Tuiv, @ avdpes, h ApxH 7) waTpwa, Tpds 305 
X ? 4 Lal ‘ fo) > , 
pep peonuBplay péxpt ov 51a kadua GvOpwror ov Sivavrat 
olxety, mpos 5& Gpxroy péxpe od Std yetpava ov Svvavrat 
olkety’ of 5¢ rod euod adeAgod idror dpyovet dons Tis 
év péow x@pas. edav 8 vixnowper, det nuas Torjoar 
Q € 4 td 7 5 ia de N 
Tous mperépovs plrous Gpxovtas tovTwr. dwrw 5€ kai 310 
éxdot tyav tév “EAAjvev orépavoy xpvoodv.” of be 
dxovoavtes TaiTa attot Te Hoav ToAY Tpodupdrepot, Kat 
ef-nyyeAAov radra tots dAAots. 


Doubt whether the king will fight. Numbers on both sides. 


’"Evtatéa KAéapyxos qpero rov Kipov: “Ole, @ Kipe, 
roy adeAgov paxeiobal ao;” “Nal,” én 6 Kipos, 315 
“elrep ye euds éotty adeAdds, odK avev paxns éya 
Anyouat tattny thy apxyv.” evravda 87 apiOuds 
éyévero, tév pev “EAAjv@v omdirat pvpioe Kal rerpa- 
xdotot, TeATacTal Sé dis-xiAtoe Kai wevraxdotor, Tv ‘de 
pera. Kipou BapBapwy déxa prpiades éyevovto. tay 5 320 
mo\eplov éd€yovto elvat Exarov Kal elxooe pupiddes* kal 
Tapa Tovrous joay é€axts-xidwou inneis, ov “Aprayepons 
Jexev. evred0ev Kipos éf-eAavves otadpov Eva navtt 


14 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


T> oTpaTedpaT. cuv-Teraypeva’ eto yap Bacréa 

325 MaxetoPa ravTn TH jmépg. mel 5&8 Bacrreds ovK 
eudxero 1a ToAAGY TuEpGv, of “EAAnVEs @ovTo avTov 
ovx Bede paxecOar. dore TH vorepala Kipos éno- 
pevero Gued€oTepov. 


CHAPTER IL 


BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS, 


The king is coming! Preparations for the battle. 


Ty dé tpirn juépa 6 Képos énopevero Kad-nyevos ent 
Tod dpparos, xat éxwy ddrlyous év rd€et mpd Eavtod. cal 
non 6 oTadpos, evOa EuedAev ava-navecOat, wAnolov Fv. 
tore 57 Tlarnyvas, avnp Tépons, mpo-palverar éAavvev 
5 ava xpdros’ Kat evOis éBda, A€ywv St. Bacirevds apos- 
épxerar oby oTparevpatt TOAAG, Tap-ecKkevacpevos as els 
paxny. €v0a 52 mwoAbs tdpaxos éyévero. Kipos dt xara- 
anonoas amd Tov dpuaros év-5u Tov Odpaxa, kai dva-Bas 
émt rov immov €\aBe Ta TaAdTa els Tas xEtpas’ Emetra dé 
10 éxeAevoe Kal tous GAAous e&-omAlCecOai re xal xad- 
loracbat els rdf. of 8& ed0bs xKaO-lotavro. «ar 
KAdapxos péev écye 7O deftov xépas mpos te Evdparn 
morapm, IIpégevos 5& pera rodrov’ Mévawy dé éoxe Td 
evovupov Képas TGv ‘EAAjvev. Kipos dé éorye To pécor’ 
15 kal lameis Foav abv aire éaxdarot, @TALopEevor Odpake 
xal kpdveot’ Kidpos 52 eixe Thy Kepadny WiAnv. 


II, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 15 


Near approach of the enemy. Their array. 


Kal 759 re #v pecov nuepas, Kat of toAdutoe cttw 
edaivovto. julka b¢ delay éeylyveto, earn Koviopros 
@omep AevKy vederAn’ orepoy S& dHomep pédawd tis 
vepérn epaivero év TO medi mMpdow. sre Se of qoA€utoL 20 
éylyvovto éyytrepov, taxa 8%) Kal xaAkds Tis EAauTe, Kal 
ai Adyyat cal ai rages xat-ehaivovro, xal joav inneis 
pav Aevko-Odpaxes emt tod edwrbpov trav Todeulon, 
éxdpuevos 58 rovTwv yeppoddpot éxdpevoe S€ Hoav dmAtrat 
ovv Evrlvas adoniow. apo be attay Gpyata nv, TOAD 25 
an-dvta am dAAnAwy' tadra b€ 7a Gppara elye Spénava 
amo-rerapeva éx Tay a€dvwv, Oore Sia-Kdnrew Tas Tages 
Tov ‘EAAjvov. 


Tactics of Cyrus frustrated by Clearchus. 


e 8 , “ 4 A 
Oi d¢ BdpBapor tpos-necay otyy Kal Bpadéws. Kal év 
4 ” A \ n € n . 
TovT Kupos, wap-edatvev ovv TO Eppinvet Kat GAAots 30 
Tpioly  Térrapow, éxédAeve tov KAéapyov ayew 70 
Q ‘ , “a a ‘\ 
oTpdtevpa Kara TO péoov tav moAeulwy, drt Bactrevs 
etn éxet? “’Eay yap todro,” en, “vixdyev, mavra 
meroujxapev. 6 S& KA€apyos ovx 7OeAev dmo-cndoa 
Q A 9. 4 “A a ? ‘ 
70 detov Képas amd Tot ToTauod, PoBovpevos py KUKAw- 35 
Ocin ExarépwOev? am-expivaro 5& te Kipo, “’Epol,” 
@ Kipe, “ pedrjoet Stws taita Kaas éxn.” xal évrabida 
€ “A v U4 n N 
6 Kipos ért wap-edavvey xat-eearo TO otpdrevpa, amo- 
BAérav els re ToUs ToAEiovs Kal els TOUS plAous. 


First appearance of Xenophon. Prosperous omens. 


Eevopav 8 ’AOnvaios, ldav atrév aro Tod “EAAnviKod 40 
oTpatevaros Kal mpos-eA\Oay avrg, peto ek TW TOQ- 


16 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


ayyéAdor. 6 Se Kipos éxédevoey aitov Adyew waow Ste 
Ta tepa nada etn. dAdywv 5€ Taira, jKovoe OopvBov 
idvros 61a Tv Tdfewv, Kal qpeto tls 6 OdpvBos etn. 6 be 
45 Eevopav cixev bre ovvOnua map-epyxerar Sevrepov 
non. Kat 6 Kipos jpero & re ely ro otvOnpa’ 6 8 
an-explvaro, ZEYS TQTHP KAI NIKH. 6 8 Kipos 
eine, * Adxopat tov olwvov, cat todro gotw.” elma 88 
Tatra an-yAavvev els Td eécov Tpds THY EavTod Taku. 


Victorious onset of the Grecian right wing. 


50 = Kal airfxa of pév “EAAnves ératdvicov, xal mpo- 
toxovro dvriot rots moAeulots. of 8& BdpBapor dofov- 
pevot éx-KAlvovot Kal gevyovor. Kal évtatda 87) of 
"EAAnves édiwxov pey xara xpdtos, éBdwy S€ ddAAnAots 
py Oetv Spduo, GAAQ EmecOar ev rdf. ta 5€ Appara 

55 70) Tv Keva vidx@v, kal of famor Epepov aira bia Te 
tov ToAeplov cai da Tay “EAAnvev. of 5 “EAAnves, 
émet mpo-idorev Ta Gppara, bi-icravro. dAlyoe be xai 
kat-eAnpOnoay éx-mAayévres’ GAAG ovdé obro. Exafov 
oddity, odd8 GAXos ovdeissrav ‘EAAjvwv exabev oddty ev 

60 ravTn TH Maxn’ éA€yero S€ Tis TogevOijvar emi to ed- 
OVUM. 


Cyrus defeats the king’s guard of six thousand. 


Kipos 5€ ép@v tots “EAAnvas SiéKovrds tivas Tov 
ToAeutwy, Kaimep dduEvos Kai Mpos-KuvovpEVos FON OS 
Baotieds td Tév adudt adrov, Suws ovK abros ovp- 

65 ediwxev’ GAG éxwv Tots civ éavt@ ELaxocious inméas 
éoxdnet 5 tt BactAeds Toijoot. Kal yap joer Gre éxetvos 
éxot TO pécoy tod [lepatxod otparevparos. Kai Bacirevs 
dn TéTE, Exwv TO péoov THs éavTod orparias, Suws e&w 


Ul, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 17 


éyévero tod evwyipou xépatos tod Kupov. émet d€ 
a on a e / > 7 2 A 9 t € 
ovdeis trav “EAAjvev éudxeto att@, ém-cxaymrevy ws 70 
KvxA@awr Tovs “EAAnvas. évOa 57 Kipos édavver avrios, 
cal vixg tovs é€axis-xtAious Tots mpd Bacidews TeTay- 
pévous’ Kal da-éxtewev Aprayépony tov apxovta avtav 
TH éavrod xecpi. 

Gyrus pays the penalty of rashness. 


"Ev 8% rovrm of Kipou é€axdovor, dpujoavres els 70 75 
Sudkewv, di-eomeipovTo’ mAnY mdvu GAlywv, ot KarT- 
eAcipOnoay audi airov. eévradda 87 6 Kipos xad-opa 
BaotAéa cal TO dudi exeivoy otipos* cal evdds elnwv, “ Tov 
dvdpa 6p@,” édadvver ent adrov, xal mailer kara td orépvor, 
Kat tirp@cKer bia TOD Owpaxos. ev 5& TovTH axovrifer TLS 80 
Kipoy mavto bd tov dpOadpov' Kal Kipds re avros 
an-€Oave, xal dxt® of Aptotot TOV TEpt avToV ExewTo en 
aura. 6 pév ov Kipos obrws eéteAcdtnoev’ ot 5 
BapBapo an-érapoy Thy Kepadny adrod Kai THy xEipa THY 
deftav. 85 


Artaxerxes plunders the camp of Cyrus. He returns to the 
attack, and is defeated. 

BaotAeds 5 kai of oby att@ di@xovtes els-altrovaty 
els 16 Kupov otpardmedov. kal ot pev dv to ebovipw 
pera “Aptalov, rod Kupov vmdpxov, gevyovor 1a 
Tod éavtay otparomédov eis tov oradpov, evOev dp- 
pnvro’ Baactreds b& cal of civ ait@ d1-apmdfover TO go 
otparonedov. émerra S& of pév “EAAnves foOovro dru 
Bacireds ein civ TH oTpaTedpatt év Tots EavT@y oKEVO- 
ddpots, BactAeds S& ixovoev Ste of “EAAnves ViK@ED TOUS 
€avrois évavtiovs. évravda dh BacwWeds HOporce tors 

Cc 


95 


100 


103 


110 


115 


18 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


€avtod, cal ovy-erdatrero. ws b€ of “EAAnves eldov rods 

9 iA wy ‘ la 4 
moAeuious éyyvs TE OvTas Kat Tapa-TEeTAypEVvOUS, eT-NETAV 
ém avtovs. of 5 BapBapoe épevyov’ Kal of “EAAnves 
Cdiwxov avtovs péxpt Kans Tivds. évtadda bé of “EA- 
Anves atnoay’ wtp yap THs Kapns Ados Tis Hv, ep’ od 
of Bactréws inmeis dv-eotpapyoay. 


The Greeks, ignorant of the fate of Cyrus, return to their camp. 


"Emel 5€ of "EAAnves évraiOa éxdpouy, of inmeis Nel- 
mova tov Adhov. 6 5& KAé€apxos meme ayyeAous emi 
\ 4 ‘ 4 3 ‘\ 2 n N ©€.N A 
Tov Aodov, Kat KeA€vEL AUTOUS AT-ayyEelAaL Ta UTEP TOU 
Adgou ytyvopeva. ot 5€ An-ayyéAAovow Ste ot moA€pLOL 
4 2.AN ‘ U4 id 9g 7 3 
gevyovoww ava xpdtos* kal éy tovrm fAvos edveTo. €v- 
rad0a b€ of “EAAnves éotnoav xal dv-enatovto’ Kal 
€Oavpacov St. Kipos ovdayod gatvorro’ ob ydp joecav 
avtov teOvynxdra. edo€ev ovv avrots dm-1évar’ Kal dd-tx- 
vovvtat ént tas oxnvds. Kara-AapBavovor 5é Ta TAEioTA 
Tv xpnuatov bi-nptacpéva’ kai ef te ottioy 7) Toro 

by n ‘\ a , a € a 

nv, TOUTO Of ovy Bactret Si-NpTacay. Gore ot TAEloTOL 
tav ‘EAAjvev envor joav joav 6& Kai dvdporor 
api yap TO oTpdrevpa apiorotoeiobat, Bacireds epdvy. 


The Greeks learn the death of Cyrus, and offer to make 
Ariaeus king. 

"Apa 88 TH jpepg of orparnyol ovv-eAOdvTes eOavpaCov 
bre Kipos otmw gaivoiro’ ed0fev ody abrois mpo-iévat 
els TO mpdoOev, cat oup-ulfar ro Kipo. eévratda dy 
IIpoxAns xat TAots éAOdvres EXeyor Ore Kipos pev teOvy- 
cot, "Aptaios b¢ medevyas ev TH oTabue ein, SOev appn- 
gavto Ty mporepaia. KAéapxos dé dxovoas tatra elmer 


120 “’Emelt Kipos réOvyxev, an-ayyéAAere ’Apiai, Ori, ea 


4, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 19 


évOade €AGn, mowujcouey adroy Bacirda.” ravra eixov 
am-éareWv€ wey Tovs dyyéAous, avros b& meEpt-cueve. 


Artaxerxes calls upon the Greeks to surrender their arms. 
They refuse. 

Mera ratra xypuxes Epyovrat mapa Bactréws’ qv de 
efs airav Dadivos “EAAnv. ovrot 5€ mpos-eAOdvtes 
etmov Sri Baowreds Kedever Tos “EAAnvas Tapa-diddvat 126 
Ta StAa. of 8 “EAAnves Bapéws pev eoveay raira, 
Gpws b€, xeAevoavros tod KAedpxov, ovy-eBovdcvorTo. 
émel 88 oF ovv-exdpouv TH youn, KAéapxos jpeto Tov 
Parivov & rt deo. amo-xpivacOar Baorre?. 6 8 eizer" 


“Ei pev pla rls éorw édAmis tyas cwOjvat toAEpovvtas 130 
Bactrel, eyo oup-Bovrevw tpas ph tmapa-didova ra 
SmAva? ef 5¢ pydepla eArmls ort owrnpias, cvp-Bovriedvo 
tpiv od (ecOa, San pdvov divarov éorl.” Kréapxos dé 
an-expivaro’ “"An-dyyeAAe trap’ quay trade Sri, edv 
pey dé Has plrovs efvat BacrAci, mAclovos G£tor Eoo- 135 


peda éxovres Ta SrAa, } mapa-ddvTes GAAw’ = eay SE Sen 
moAEpeiv, Gpewoyv ToAcuncopey éxovres Ta StrAQ, 7} GAA 
mapa-O0vTes.” 


Shall it be peace or war?’ Clearchus gives a guarded answer. 


‘O 8 Dadivos efze’ “ Tadra piv 89 dr-ayyeAodper- 
GAAG Baorrets exéAevoey Huds elvety tpiv Kai rade S71, 140 
éay pey pévyre évOade, omovdal Ecovrat, édav be an-inre 7h 
mpo-inre, méAEuos Eorat. eltare ody Kal mept TrovTou aneEp 
tpiv Soxet.” KAéapyxos 8% édefevr  “’Amr-dyyeAXe rotvur 
Ste ratta Soxet nuty, dnep xal Baorre? doxel.” “TL odv 
éort tadta;” épn 6 Parivos. 4 S& Kr€opyos dm-expl- 105 

C2 


29 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,. 


vato: “Edy peéev pévopev, onovdal Ecovtat, éay de 

an-iwpev 7 mpo-lwuev, méAeuos €ota. 6 5 Padjtvos 

mdAw npotnce “Srovdas 7 mdAquov at-ayyeAG;” 
KaAéapyos 88 dn-expivaro’ “ Smovdal pév quiv peévovor, 

150 méAEuos 8& an-Lodow 7) mpo-iotow. 6 Te Se TomNooL ov 
Streonpnve. 


Ariaeus advises the Greeks to retreat, and offers to conduct them. 


Dadivos pev 89 cal of ody ait@ @xovro. Kal ev TovTw 
ot meupOevres mpos "Aptaioy adAw iKov® ovros de EA€yov" 
“"Aptatos pév gyot todAods elvas Tlépoas BeAtiovs éav- 

155 TOU, Ot ovK é€aoovow avrov Bacirevevr” el Se types 
BovAecbe guv-an-ievat aro, Kedever tpas tap-etvar 
éay 5¢ pa EAOnTE, aitds dyow an-tévar edbds.” 6 8 
ovy KAdapyos yetro trois dAAows, of 8¢ elzovto avTa’ 
kat ap-ixvodvro mapa Aptatoy audi péoas vixtas. xal 

160 of re "EAAnves xal 6 ’Aptaios Gpuooay aAAjAots ovppaxot 
ceca’ of 5¢ BdpBapot mpos-dpocay HnyjoeoOas Trois 
"EAAnow addres. 


CHAPTER HIII. 
BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 


The Greeks approach the king’s troops, who retreat in fear. 


"Emel 8¢ qucpa eyévero, émopevorto, Exovres Tov TALov 
éy defta' wat Gua HAlp Svvovts ap-lkovto eis Kopas 


III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 21 


rivas Tis BaBvAwvias yopas. evratéa ebofay épav mo- 
Aeulous innéas’ of 88 mpo-neudOevres oxoTwol mdAw 
nov, A€yovtes Ste ovy inneis elev, GAN troWiyta vepdpeva. 
cal evOds mavres Eyvwcay Sr. Barirets eyyis mou éorpa- 
romedeveTo’ Kat yap xamvos edalvero ev xopats ov 
mpoow. +H S€ torepala otre tmofijpoy ovdev, ovTE 
KaTVos, oUTE oTpardnedoy epavy. Bacireds é, ws Eolxe, 
€pohyOn rH epddp rod orparedpatos’ edjAwoe Se TovTO 
TT vorepala? Gua yap tH hepa emepwe xnpuxas rept 
oTovoap. ‘ 


The king proposes a truce, and offers guides to help them to 
get provisions. The Greeks accept both. 
“O 8 KAgapxos dxovcas rév xnpixwv dtexplvarto’ 
Am-ayyé\Aere Baoiret Sti Set Huds paxeoOar mpGror, 
ov yap éxouev dpiorov’ ovde ToApnoes tis A€éyey Tots 
"EAAnot wept onovdcy, éay py mp@rov tmoploy aidrois 
dpiorov.” of 8& ayyedot an-yAavvor, Kal mdAwW jKOV 
Taxv. €deyov Se Gre eovev Exovres tyeudvas, ot 
&fouey avtovs exeice, 6Oev AdBouevy Ta emirydera. 6 SE 
KAéapxos éxéAevoev adrovs iyetoOar mpos Ta émrydeta. 
Kat of pev iyotvto’ KaAéapxos 8& émopevero, éxwv Td 
otpdrevpa év rd€et, kat adros émicGo-pvAakav. 


ec? 


Crossing the trenches. Activity of Clearchus. The Greeks eat 
the fruit of the date-palm. 

Kai eipdv rddpous mAnpers Bdaros, obs odx edvvavro 
dia-Baivew* érotodvto ovy biaBdoes éx Tov dowlkwr, 
ot joay ey TH xépa. xat ev rotrp 7O py» 6 KXéapyxos 
émeordret Tois otpari@tais, év piv TH apiorepa xeipt 


5 


25 


éxwv 7d ddpv, ey Se rH de&G Baxtyplow. rol eo ws 


22 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Soxoin ait@ BAaxevew, Exace Tov BAaxeotvTa’ Kal dua 

9_\ , N 9 an 9 , ) \ a ? 
avTos émdvet ouv avtois éu-Baivwy els Tov TNACY* BoTE 
30 mdvras aicxiverOat py ov-cmovdd lew aire. Kat mpaTov 
pev of vedrepot érdyOnoav mpos TovTo TO Epyov® émel Se 
éapwv tov KrA€apxov onovdadovta, xal of mpeoBvrepor 

Ul ld N 9 , lA 
mpos-eXauBavov. mopevdwevor S€ ad-txovro eis Kapas, 
év als wodvs otros qv Kat olvos howvixwv' ovros dé qv 
35 nous wey tive, Kepadradryys 5€. evtavda of otpari@rat 
mpa@tov épayov rov éyxépadoy tod gotmxos' xat ot 
mod\Aot €Oatpacap Té TE eldos kat THy HdovyY avToOd. TV 

dé xal ovros odddpa xepadadyns. 


Tissaphernes returns with a message from the king. Reply 
of Clearchus. 
"Evratda euewav huépas tpeis’ xat Trooadepyns jxov 
40 Tapa peydAov Bacthéws EdXeye Toudde, “’Eya, @ dvdpes 
"EdAnves, yelrov olk@ th “EAAGS kai émet eldov dyads 
els TOAAG KaKad TETTWKOTAS, jrovpny BacwWéda dodvat enol 
dto-cGoat spas els thy “EAAdOa, olopas yap xal jpas Kar 
mavras Tous “EAAnvas fe. por ydpw &a& ratra, «al 
45 Tept pev TovTwy Bacreds it-eoxeTd pot BovrcdoerOar’ 
exédevoe BE pe epoOat spas bia rl eorparevoare en’ 
aurdv. mpos tadra KAéapyos an-explvatoe “ ‘Hueis 
ovTe cuy-nAOouev @s ToAEuncoVTEs Batre, oUTE ém0~ 
pevoueba, emt BactAéa® GAAa Kipos av-nyayevy tpas 
so €vOade. eret 3& EwpGpev abrov év ardpots Gvra, yoxUv- 
Onpev mpo-dovvar avtdv. viv be, émet Kipos réOvnxev, 
oure BovAdweOa Kax@s Toveiy thy Baciews yopar, ote 
dmo-xTeétvat at’téy’ mopevoiveda 8 ay olkade, ef Tis py 
Avmoin juass eav dé Tis GdiKH Has, wepacdueda 
£5 apvvacbat airov.” 


III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 23 


Tissaphernes engages to conduct the Greeks home in safety. 


‘O 8 Trocadépyns adxovoas cite’ “Tatra éyo an- 
ayyeAG Bacret at 5% onovdal pevdvrwy, péxpt dv madw 
xo.” ‘O 8 ov oyxero’ tH de Tpiryn huepa Kwv ereye 
roudde, “ Baotreds pev didwoi por oad ew tyas els tH 
“EAAdda*buas 8 av denoer dudoat Huiv, 7 pV To- 60 
peverOar as ba ptrdias ywpas, AauBavovras otra kai 
nota, éméray pi) map-xwpev ayopday' gay d& dyopav 
Tap-exopev, Oveiobat Ta emrndea.” Tatra éd0fe rots 
"EAAnot’ Kat Ticcadepyns aGpoc€ re cal defiav dmxe 
rois tav ‘EAAjvwv orpatnyots cal Aoxayots. pera Se 65 
ravta Ticoadépyns cine? “Nov pev oy am-enue mpos 
Bactiéa® erredav 5% dia-mpdfopat & BovAowa, Héw 
mdAw, kat an-déw tpas els Thy ‘EAAdda.” 


The Greeks begin to mistrust Tissaphernes and Ariaeus. Advice 
of Clearchus, * Let us make the best of our situation, 

Mera ratra of te “EAAnves xat ’Aptatos crepi~duevov 
Tiscadepyny juepas tAclous 7 eixoow. émet 8& ody 70 
KEV, OL OTPaTL@TAL dx Ooprevot, kal Um-omTevovtes TOV 
’Aptatov, py ov mards ely, mpos-yecav TO KAedpya, Kal 
nélouv am-révat ebOds. 6 88 dz-expivaro avrois roiade, 
Kya év-Oupodyar pev tadta mavrat édy Sb? viv an- 
lwpev, Sdfouev Torety Tapa Tas orovdds. Etetta ovdels 75 
nap-é£et Hpiv dyopay, ovde Hynoera fuiv? Kat Aptatos 
evObs dmo-Byoerat, dote ovdeis didos Acrcierat Fpiv. 
kat el pév tis kal dAAos Totapos d:a-Bardos éoriv, od« 
oda’ topen de dre ddvvaroy éort d1a-Bivat Tov Eidparny, 
moAeploy KwAvovTwr. Kal Teis peyv ody Exouev inméas, 80 
rois 5€ moAeplots imzeis elot mAEicTOL MOTE ViK@VTES UeU 


24 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


ovdeva dy dro-xrelvayseyv, vixdpevor 5 ovdayas dv 
cololueda. ef pev ovv Bactrded’s BovArerar an-oddcat 
ec a , Ca) 9 AN a \ , N "a 
nas, ti Set avrov émt-opxjca cal WevoacOat, Kal Tounoat 
85 Ta mora EavToU amora "EAAnsi te kal BapBapots ; ” 
' 


The Greeks begin their retreat, cross the Tigris, and continue 
their march through Media. 

"Ey 3 rovro tee Turcadepyns éxwv thy éavtod 
dvvayu 6 8% Hyeiro rots “EAAnot mopevopevors, Kat 
map-€ixey avtois ayopdy. émopeteto 5@ xat Aptaios ov 
Ticadépvet, Kai ayy coepanonctcuere ow aiTo. ot be 
90"EAAnves, tr- omrevorres TovToUs, Xwpis Saopevaure® 
apddrepot be épvddrrovro peas OoTrep wohenlous. 
otrw topevduevot ad-lkovro éml ro Mydias retyos, Kat 
map-jA Gov elow avrod. évreddev 3 enopeedagay émt Tov 
Tlypnra morapsy, T™pos @ TOALS TY peydAn, f} Svopa 

95 Surrdkn Kat évradda Bievor Ti voxta. d1a-Bdvres 82 
Tovroy Toy ToTapov, eropevOnoay sa THs Mndlas orad- 
wovs troAdovs, éxovres Tov Tlypnta trorapyov év dpicrepa. 
mépay 5¢ Tod moTrayot GAAn HY méALs, dvowa Kawval, éf As 
of BapBapor b:-jyov rots "EAAnow dprovs, Tupovs, olvoy. 


Increasing mistrust. Clearchus addresses Tissaphernes. i. ‘You 
do wrong in suspecting us, for all our dependence is upon you.’ 


100 ©. Mera. radra dg-txvodvrat én rov Zandrav Tmorapor, Kar 
évratOa euewav nucpas tpets’ ev be ravrats spépacs 
browla yoav ddAndov, donep TO mpdcbev. okey ovv 
rp KAedpxw svy-yevéobar Te Tiocadépver’ érel S€ ovp- 
nAOov, 6 KAdapxos Adyar rade, “’Eyd, & Ticcadéprn, 

105 oida pev Spxous Huty yeyernevovs, p27) ddixyoew GAANAovs. 


lil. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. . 25 


Guws 5 6pG ce dvdatropevor jyas ws todeulovs* Kat 
Hpets OpGvres tadta dvri-pvdattoueda. PBovdAduevos ovv 
madoat Tas Totattas bmowias, Ko iddgwy ve ws ovK 
6p0Gs amorteis muy, of pev yap Gedy Spxor KwAdvovoww 
nas moXeptous etvat aAAnAots' Trav se dvO pwr iver 
dyadGy oé éy® vopifa péyiorov etvar ev Te nap-dvrt, 
ow pey yap col nmaca pev dd0s etropds éort, mas be 
motapos dia-Bards’ dvev S€ ood maca pev 7 ddds ba 
oxdtous av yévotro, mas 5¢ morayds S8acmopos, mas S€ 
Exhos poBepds. oBepwraty 8’ dv eln épnuta® Epnysot 
yap ovres év TOMAR dmopig dua éodueba. 


ii, ‘Not only our hopes but yours are frustrated, should any 
misunderstanding arise between us.’ 


Ad€&o 5é xal Sowy ertideov éuavrop dv orepjoam, el 
émi=xerploarut movety o€ TL Kakdy. eyo yap Tére én- 
eOdunoa meee dfrov pot yevertat, voniCwy avrov 
ixavOrarov €tvat ev ToLety Nas’ ov be vov €xes THY TE 
Kvpou dvvaptv xal rHv ceavrod dpxyjv Guar 4 5 BactAdws 
Sivas, 7) ToAEula jv To Kup, cot yeyévntar ovppayos. 
tls otv ovx dv Bovdotro gidos etval cor; exw Se cal 
moAAds éAmidas cal ot BovdjocecOa dlrov etvar fyi. 
dxovw yap Kat Mucous kal ddAa é6vy ToAAG év-ox hel 
tyiv del, obs pqdios dv riswpioaobe, Xpdpsevor 77 Huetépa 
Suvdper qmets Se in-npeviroey Gol, ov popeu: Too 
picOod evexa, AAAG Kal rijs xdptros, qv cobévres U7 Od 
éxoysey dy aot bixalws.” 'KAdapyos piv ody elze 
Tocaira’ Tis cadépvns b@ dde amexplvaro’ 


bm 


10 


120 


bd 


35 


130 


26 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Reply of Tissaphernes. ‘We could destroy you if we chose, and 
yet we refrain. Why then should you distrust us?’ 
ANN’ Fdopar pév cot, ® Kré€apye, oftw dpovipws 
A€yovty éyw 5€ ce didakw, Ste ovd' dpets dexalws dv 
Y , B 
dmoroinre ovre Bacirci, ovre pot. ef yap éBovdAducba 
dn-od€oat tas, Exouev moAAoUs pev innéas, kal reCods, 
135 kat OwAiras, ols Suvaiueda dv tuas BAatrew. ToAAG de 
xwpia éorw émrnoea, dev em-TiOdpeda piv. tocaira 
bev yap media ori jpiv pirdta, & tpeis civ TOAA® TEV 
a U4 e a \ » can 5] \ > 
viv d:a-mopeveoGe’ tocatra Sé dpn tiv esti wopevtéa, & 
nuets mpo-Kxata-haBdrres Tap-exomev Av wiv amopa' 
140 Tooovrot 3 elot morapol, obs oddayGs av d1a-Bainre, 
py jets Sta-mopevoev tpas. ef 5€ pndéy tovtey i7- 
dpxot npiv, AAA TO ye Top Kpetrrov éort TOD Kapmod, dv 
eis Kata-Kavoavres Svvaineda av Ayov tpiv nojoa: 
TG B€ Aww, od’ ef mdvy ayabot elnte, Sivaice av 
145 GvT-oTHvat. exovres ody TocgUTovs mdpovs mpds Td 
ToAEuely buiv, TOs TovTov tov TpdToY dy e€-cotpeba, ds 
, 3 lA 9 s € a” 5 , 9 
povos aoeBns éore cal aicxpos; Hpeis, @ KA€apyxe, oix 
of rn A 9 4 4. 99 
otTw popor ovTe GAoyioror eoper. 
a . 


Tissaphernes invites a conference. A piece of Persian 
treachery. 

Tatra elmay eofe to Kredpyy dAnO A€yerw al 6 

150 Tiooadépyns mavAw etney* “Ei BovAeode of re otpary- 
yot kal of Aoxayot €Adety por eis THY oxnvnv, AELw tpiv 

Ta 6vopata Taév AEydvTev, ws ob emi-Bovdrevers enol TE 
kal TH ov eyo orparig.” “’Eya 88,” épn 6 KAédapyos, 
“a&m mavras.’ ri 8 torepaia jAOe Tapa Trcoadepyny 

155 aywv wévte atpatnyous Kat elxoot Aoxayous. ered Se 


III. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 27 


joav én rats Ovpats rats Tiooadépvovs, of pev orparnyol 
map-exAhnOnoav elow, of 8& Aoyayot euevov emi ais 
Pdpats. ov TOAAG de dorepoy of Te évdov ouv-eA\auBavovro 
cat of é£w xat-exdhOnoay. pera S€ ratra trav Bap- 
60 


om 


Bdpwv tives inméwv, édavrovres 51a Tot medlov, Exrewwor 
, @ b] 
mayvras “EdAnvas, ols év-tvyxavorev. 


/i, 


i 
(Ces. 


Consternation of the Greeks. The five generals are murdered. 

"Ex tovrov 37 of “EAAnves EOeov emt ra SnAa, voui- 
Covres tovs BapBdpous airixa ikev ent rd otpardmedov. 
of 8& mavTes pey ovK AAOo», ’Aptatos 6 cat GAAot, ot 
joav Kipo mordrarot’ cat 6 Apiaios etme rade, “ KA€- 165 
apxos perv, ® dvdpes “EAAnves, TéOvnxer, émet Educ Tas 
omovdas kal én-eBovrAevoe Tisoagdépver’ I pdfevos d€ kat 
Meévop, 8rt xar-nyyetAay thy emPBovAny avtod, év peydAn 
tiun eloiv.” ent rovros Zevopar etme’ “ KAeapyxos per, 


bmg 


el Ave Tas orovdas, Exes THY dixny' enet dé pdevos Kai 170 
Mevwv eiciv iyérepor ev evepyérat, jucrepot d€ orpary- 
yol, méuate avrovs bdeipo" " pixot yap éyres ovp- 
Bovdedcovor kal dyiv kal Haiv ta BéATioTa.” mpds TadTa 

ot pev BdpBapor, dia-hexGevtes GAHALs ToAdv xpévor, 
dm-AAGov ovdey damo-xpwdpevor of 8& otparnyol dv- 175 
nxOnoav mpos Bactkéa, xat ai xepadrat airay an- 
erpnOnoav. 


Character of Clearchus. His warlike tastes and love of 
adventure. 
Tovrey. de rév orpatnyGy 6 ev KrA€apyos wpodoyeiro 
tro mdvrwy yevésbar dvnp Kal toAcutkds Kat pddcoTa 
prdondAeuos. kat yap 67, ws pev addeyos Ww Ws wo 


28 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Aaxedaipoviors mpds tous A@nvalous, tm-nperes TH éavTod 
matplie ene Sé elpyvn eyévero, meloas rovs Aaxeda- 
poviovs ws of Opaxes ddixotey tovs “EAAnvas, é€-émAc 
@s TOAEUnT WY Tois Opagiv. émel de ot Epopor € ETE LP@VTO 

185 aro OTpe@eiP avréy @€’loOuod, evradda ovKért émelOero 
avrots, GAN’ dm-énAer els “EAAnomovrov’ Kat éx Tovrov 
€davaradn ind tov év Sadptyn dpxdvrav. dn b€ pvyas 
ep Epxerar mpos Kipov, 6 5€ Kipos diswow atte ToAAa 
xpywata. 6 d8& KAédapyos, A\aBov radra cal ovd-défas 

190 oTparevpa, emoAduer Tois Opal, wéexpe Kipos denn tov 
orTparevparos’ Tore 5¢ dn-7AOe civ éxelvo. otTw pev 
oty 6 KA€apxos tdoTeA Epos Hv. 


The severity of his discipline secures the obedience, but not 
the attachment of his soldiers. 


Els 8& To dpyew tév avOpdrwv ixpvos pey Tv Tmapa- 
oxevdley TH otpariG Ta émirqdera, ixavds 8% Kai eu- 
195 Toljoat THY yvaunv Tots oTpari@Tats, ws Tevotéuy ely 
Kredpyw. otro 8 émole éx rod eivat yadends*’ «al 
yap orvyvos iv 6pav xal Tpaxds TH povy’ éxdracé re det 
laxupGs Kat évlore dpyn’ Hyeiro yap ovdey Stpedos etvat 
dxoddorov otpatevparos. GAAG kal Edeyey ws déor Tov 
200 OTPATLOTHY goBeiabar ay Gpyovra padAov 7 Tovs To- 
Aezlous, el wéAAor H ed Hvddkew pvdaxas, 7) Oappadrdws 
lévat mpds Tots moAeulovs. év pev guy Tots xivddvors of 
otpariarat HOedov TEeierOat avT@, Kal ovK GAAOV NpodyTo 
otpatnydv' Sre de yévouro év dodadei, xai é€-eln adrois 
205 am-tévat mpos GAAovs Apxovras, ToAAoL an-€Xeutrov avrdv’ 
ov yap elxev Hdbv tov Tpdmov, GAN’ del xadends Fy Kal 
éyds* Sore ot orpariGrat di-€xewro mpds abtov donep 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 29 


maides mpos diddoKxadov. . elxev ody Tovs oTpariwras 
Xpnoinous pev cal odddpa det weGopévous, qirlg 5€ Kal 
evvoig ovdeis more ovy-elmero adT@. ToLodros pev b7 Apxwv 210 
qv GpxecOat dé td GAAwy ed€yero ov pdda eGerew. 


# 


CHAPTER IV. 


THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 


Extreme dejection of the Greeks. 


3 , ea 2 “a \ 93 

Ev rovtw é of “EAAnves joav éy modAAn 37 atopla, 
cal GOdpws etxov pddwwra’ Kal dAlyou pév aitav éyed- 

3 X f xy 7 nA 3 , ‘ 

carro oirov eis tHy éomépav, dAlyou 5€ wip av-exavoay 
mohAol 8€ ovK 7AOov emt Ta STAG TavTHY THY vUKTA, 
PJ UA @ > LA «A > U 
dy-enavovto dé Srov Exacros érvyxavev wv, ob dvvdpevor 5 
xab-evdery td Avmns Kat adé0ov Tatpidwv, yovéwr, 
yuvaxar, taldwr, ods évdurcoy pymore ere OWeoOar. otTw 
peév dy d1a-Kelyevo. av-enavovto. 


How Xenophon came to join the expedition. 


"Hy 5€ ts ev rH orparia Zevopav ’AOnvaios, ds oire 
oTpatnyos ovre Aoxayos ovTE oTpaTiwoTns dv auy- 10 
nxodovde: aAAd [Ipdevos, §évos dv dpyaios, per- 
enéuato avrov oixobey" ta-tcxveiro b& abre, €i EAOor, 
Towmoey avtoyv pidrov to Kipw. 6 5¢ Zevopay axovoas 
Tadta ovp-Bovdeverat Dwxpdrer To "APqvaig Teg vos 


30 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


15 topelas, Kat 6 Swxparns ovp-Bovrdeder TE Zevopovte 
eddeiv eis Acdgods Kai dva-xowGcoa Te Oem TeEpt Tis 
mopeias’ 6 8¢ Zevoday edAdav én-xpero Tov ’ATdAA@ Tive 
dy Pedy OVor Kal edyowro, Hote KaddAwoTa TopeverOat THY 
édov kal KadGs mpdga. xal 6’Andddwy éoijynvev ait 

20 Oeovs, ols eSer Ove. met 8& mad AOGEv, EdreLe THv 
pavrelay T® Swxpdrer. 6 d€ 7TvarTo avrov, Ste od mpOrov 
npwta mérepov ely Gpevov avt@ mopevecOar H péevew, 

GAN’ Gre adros em-Oupnoas lévar Hpdta Gtws dv KadAAtoTa 
mopevbein. “Enel pevrot otrws qpou,” pn 6 Dwxparns, 

25‘ radra xpy movety boa 6 Beds exéAcvoer.” 


He resolves to throw in his lot with Cyrus. 

‘O pév 89 ZevodGr, Ovoduevos totrots tots Geois ols 6 
Oeds exédevoe Ove, @£-émAEL THs “EAAdSos, cal xart- 
édaBev ev Sadpdecr [pc£evov wai Kipov péddovras 7dy 
mopevecOat, Kal cuv-eraxOn Kipw 6 dé Kipos éxéAevoev 
30 avroy peiva map éavt@. eine 5é Sri, emet taxiota 7 
otparela Anferev, ato-méuou atrov olkdde’ 6 8& oTdAos 
éddyero elvar els luvidas. 6 pev 8) Eevodpay éorpa- 
TEvETO OUTws e€-aTaTNOEis, Ox UT6 TIpofEevou" ovddeis yap 
trav “EdAnvev, mAjv Kniedpyou, dee ti spay ént 
35 BactAéa elvar. emet 8& HAGov els KiAtxiav, cades 7dy 
eddxee evar Tacww, Ste 6 ardAos ely emt Bactrdéa. ‘poBov- 
pevor 5€ THY Gddv Kat GKovres, Sums of moAAOL Tov 
orpatiwtay, aloxvvdpevot dn ampododvat Kipov, ouv~ 

nxodovOncay aire’ dy els kai Zevopar jv. 


Xenophon has a dream. 
4o Nav 88, émel of "EAAnves év dtopia joav, 6 Zevopav 
éAunetro avy rots GAAots, cat ovx éddvato Kad-evde" 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 3I 


Uorepoy 8€ Aaxoyv Tmvov eldey Gvap. okey ato 
Bpovrnpy pév yevéoOa, oxnnrov dé weceiy els THY -TaTppaYy 
oixlay, cat éx tovrov macav Adutecba. qoBovpevos 
dé ebOds dv-nyépOn, Kal 8a Totdro pev Expive Td Srap 45 
dyadoy eivat, bru év Kwdvvois dv okey ldetvy dos péya 
éx Avds’ Spos be epoBetro, pr) ov Sdvaito é€-edOciv 
éx THs x@pas TIS Bactréws, Sri 7d dvap eddxer ait elvat 
amd Atos Bacthéws, 70 5€ Top CSdxer AduTtEerOar KUKAY. 


His reflections. Meeting of the officers. Five new commanders 
chosen. 

"Eredy 5€ dv-nyépOn, mpOrov pév evvola éu-nimret 50 
aire’ “Ti xard-cetmar ; 7) d€ vd mpo-Baiver Gua dé rH 
nuépa elxds éote Tovs moAepious Hew. eav d€ AnPOGuev 
tnd Baothéws, det nuas mabdvtas mavta Ta Sewdrara Kal 
DApiCouevovs amo-Oavety. Srws b€ cwoducba ovdels 
émi-pereirae’ GANG Kata-kelpeOa evOdde, donep e€-dv 55 
piv Hovxtay ayew.” éx tovrov dv-lorarat xal ovy- 
kadei tovs [Ipogévou mp@rov Aoyayovs. emel 8€ ovr- 
HAGov, édeLe Ta doxodvTa ait of 8 axovcavtes map- 
exdAouy tous GAdovs Aoxyayovs Kai orpatnyovs. emet Se 
mavres ovv-nrAdov, eéxabéeCovto’ Kal ot ovv-edOovres 60 
otparnyot Kat Aoxayot éyévovro dui éxardv. coupe 
Bourevodpevoe dé elAovto dpxovras wévre, av els qv 
Eevopav ’Adnvaios. 


Council of war and speech of Xenophon. i. *The gods will 
surely be on our side, for we have kept our oaths.’ 


A A a 
"Enel d€ of Epxovres jpynvro, Edofev avtois cvy-Kadeiv 
‘ an n 
Tous aoTpati@ras. émel de of otpaTiGroar sur-Tr ov, &y 


/ 


32 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


mp@rov pev Xetpicopos dyv-éorn, kal wera Tobroy KAedvwp 
3 , VA ‘ i od a > 2 
Opxopentos. tovrwy b€ elndvtTwy, Zevopev dviotarat, 
Kat édcfev OSE “Thy pév trav BapBdpwy émopkiay Te 
Kat amiotiay tuets, otwat, énicracbe. el pév ov Bovdd- 

7o we0a mdAw eivat Pidror adrois, avdyKyn judas Exew ToAARY 
° ? e¢ a € n , 
adupiav, 6pavtas ola of orparnyot nuay dprt mendv- 
Gaow' el d€ d1a-voovpeOa ov Trois SAO apiverbat 
avtovs kal 7d Aotmov ToAEpEtY avTots, ToAAal elow july 

\ 3 , 4 lo) XN aN e a ‘\ 

kat xaAat €Amides owrnpias. mp@tov pev yap Hels pev 

75 eu-medodpmey tous Tv Oedv Spxovs, of 5€ woA€pLoL 
AeAVKact Tas oTovdds Tapa Tovs Spxovs. ovTw Se eixds 
gore Tovs Oeovs Tois pev ToAEulots elvat evavtious, Hiv 
d€ cuppaxors. 


ii. ‘Let us emulate the valour of our fathers and maintain 
our own.’ 


"Eze:ra 5€ dva-pyyjow tas tas tay mpoydvey tay 
80 MueTépwv dpetas, Wa eldfre ws mpos-qxer tiv elvat 
dyadots. €AOdvrwy yap TlepoGv mapmAnOet orddAw ent 
ras 7AOnvas, of "AOnvato. mpGrov toApyoavtes éviknoay 
avrovs. émeita, Ste ZépEns totepov AOev ext rip 
‘EAAdda, Kal tTére. of térepor tmpdyovot évikwv rods 
8s ToUTwY Tpoydvous Kal KaTd yiy Kal Kata Oddarray. 
otrw 8& Kul pets avri-ragapevor apts Tots éxeivwy 
exydvots évikGre avrovs abv tots Oeots. Kai tére pev 
37) wept THS Kvpou Baorelas fre dvdpes dyabot viv 8e, 
énel mept tis tuetépas ocwtnpias Set paxeoOa, mpos- 
go Ket Duas elvat woAD Kal duelvovas Kal mpoOvporépous. 


\ 
IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 33 


ili. ‘Our want of cavalry is no disadvantage, rather a gain. 
The rivers are fordable near their sources.’ 

Ei 3€ tus tuGy AOvuet Ste Huy pev ov« eloly inneis, 
Tots 3¢ moAeulots moAAol inmets mdp-eow, év-OupnOnte 
Srv of puvpioc tamets ovdev GAAO eloiv 7 pvpior GvOpwrot’ 
ot yap dvdpes eloty of rovotvres 6 te dy ylyvnrat év tats 
pdxas. Hpets 8 eopev én’ aopadrecrépov dxjpatos TOY 95 
inméwy* of ev yap Kpeuavrar ad’ (nrwv, poPovpevor 
OvX Hpas povov, GAAG Kal 7d Kata-Teceiv’ Hyeis dé ent 
yijs €ornxdtes TOAD loxupdrepov Taicopev Tovs ToAEpious, 
éay mpos-iwow fyiv. é&t pdvy ot inneis mpo-éxovow 
Npav evyew aodgadéotepdy eorw aitots 7 jpiv. el 100 
dé rovs orapovs voplCere elvar amdpous, oxéacbe Kat 
TovTOo. mavTas yap Tovs ToTapods, ef Kat mpdow Tov 
anyGv admopol elot, mpo-idvres mpos Tas mnyas padlws 
d.a-Byoopeda. 


iv. ‘4s a last resource we can settle ourselves in the king's 
country.’ 

Ei 8% pire of rorapot yevjoovrat d:a-Barot, yeuwv 105 
Te pndets davetrat jpiv, od def nuas abvpciy da TodTO. 
of te yap Muool kcal ddAAa Onn, Baotkéws Axovros 
oixodow év TH Bactkéws xopq ToAAds Te Kal evdalyovas 
adAves. ovTw d& Kal nuas, as epotye Soxel, xp} KaTa- 
oxevacerOat ws olkjcovtas évOdde. oida yap 8rt BactAeds 110 
do(n dy modAovs Hyeudvas Tots Mucots, cat drt Toujoerev 
dy dd0vs ad’rois, ef BovAowrTo am-tévat ex THS y@pas. Kal 
fuiv ye tpis-dopevos érote dv radra, ef édpa judas mapa- 
oxevatouévous Kara-pevew. rodro b& Kal dédoiKa, mn 
ét-Aabdueba Tis olxade dd00, éay pddavney Gv doy, 05 

D | 


34 _ SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


kat Biorevew ev dpOovla. dSoxet oty pot dlxatov etvat 
m™p@tov meipacbat ad-txveicbat els rHv “EAAdSa, cal éme- 
Seifae Tots “EAAnow, Ore e-eort trois mevopdvots Tov 
moAttév évOdde xouicapevots mAovrlCecOat. | 


v. ‘ Above all let us observe the strictest discipline, and help 
each other to maintain it.’ 


120 ©Aowndy éorl por elmety Strep Kat vowicw evar péytoror. 
opare yap Srt of ToA€utor ov mpdcbev érdApnoay Trodepetv 
mpos mas, amply ovv-ekaBov Tovs otparnyous Auav* 
AaBevres yap tovs apyovras évopuiCov nas ar-oAéobar dy 
dvapxla cat draglg. Se? oby rods pév viv Apyovras woAd 

‘ 125 émyseAeorepous yevéoOar trav mpdacbev dpydvrav, Tovs 3é 
G&pxopevous TAD evtaxTorépous Etvar viv 7 mpdcbev, av 
b€ Tis deL67, Senoe Toy det duGy év-TvyxdvovTa KoAdCewy 
airov ody To dpxovtt. GAN’ Hdn Spa eort nepalvew rov 
Adyov" tows yap of moA€uoe airixa map-€oovra. sro 

130 ov TadTa SoKel KAAGs Exewv, dva-TELWaTw THY xEipa.”” 


Order of march. The Greeks cross the Zab and are harassed 
by Mithridates. 


"Ex rtovrou 8% Gmavres dv-éreway tas yxetpas* Kal 
évredbev eropevovTo Toinodyevor tAalotoy ex Tov én- 
Ardy, éxovres Ta UroWiyta Kal Tov dyxAov év péow. al 
Xeuploodos pev iyetro, dvo0 8¢ rav mpecBuTdray orparn- 

135 you én-euedodvTo Tov TAEUpGY EéxaTépwr, EZevopav se 
cat Tysacloy amicbo-pvdrdkovy. Kata-xavoavtes dé Tas 
éudéas kal ras oxnvas b-€Bnoay rov Zandray Torapdy’ 
kal éx tovrov Midpidarns ém-dalverat, Exwy imnéas Kal 
rofdras Kat ogevdonras. ened 88 éyyds eyévero, of pv 


Iv. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 35 


airéy érd€evov of 5¢ eodevddvoy xal érltpwoKxov tovs 
“EAAnvas. 


A force of cavalry and slingers is hastily organized. 


"Ex rotvrou éddxet Bevoharte Siwxréoy etvat rovs mo- 
Aeplovs’ SidKoyres 5% Kat-eAduBavoy ovdéva’ obre yap 
inmeis joav rots "EAAnow, ore of meCol édvvavto Kara- 
Aap Bavew tovs éxelvwy meCovs. Eva dy add GOvpia 
qv. ed0€€ Se rots orpatnyots xara-oKevaceww opevdornras 
kat inméas @s tdxtora. adxovoavres Se ‘Podlous efvar év 
TS otparedvpart emiarapévovs opevdovav, rovrovs te 
e€-eheEavro Kal dAdovs, ofrives 20€Aorvev tarrecOar mpos 
Tovro TO épyov, as dtaxoclovs. Kat-erxedacay 5é eis 
innéas Inmovs oxevopopodyras ws TevTiKovra’ Kal in- 
mapxos én-eotadn abrots Avxtos ’A@nvaios. 


Tissaphernes attacks the Greeks, but is forced to retreat. 


Mera ratra ag-lkovro ént rév Tlypynra moraydy. tH 
8¢ torepala Tiscadépyns epavn, Exwv inméas moddovs 
kal ogevdorjras Kat togdras. énet 8 eyyts éyévero, 
eu-Barely pev odk érddApnoey, ohevdovav 88 map-nyyer€ 
tous Eavtod kai rofevew. met 3¢ of ‘Pddi0e éoevddvycay 
kat of rofdrat érdfevoay, 6 Tisoadépyns an-exdper ew 
BedGr, kal al GAdAa raers dn-exdpycar. Kat rd Aowndy 
rijs tuépas of pev emopevovto of 8 elzovro’ Kat oi 
BdépBapot ovikért eolvovto rods “EAAnvas’ of yap ‘Péd:or 
éopevddvey paxpérepov tay TlepoGv. tH b& torepaig oi 
"EAAnves énopevovro da tod medlov, Kal Tiocaddpyns 
eimero dxpoBoArCopevos. 

D2 


140 


145 


150 


160 


36 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Disadvantages of marching in a square. 


165 “Eva 54 of EAAnves éyvocay ort tAalotoy iodnAevpoy 
Q “A € / e 2 4 
movnpa Takis ely Tots Und ToAEploy SiKopéevots’ avayKn 
yap é@ott rovs dmAlras éx-OAiBecOat Kal mopevecOa 
XadenGs, av TA Képara Tov TAatoiov ovy-KuTTn, 7 6d00 
a v “A 9 , “A 4 e 0 
OTEVAS OvoNS, 7 dpéwy avayxaCéyrwy 7H yedtpas’ wore 
, > >] ¥ [14 9 = \ 4 
170 ducxpHorous etvat, ardxtovs Ovtas. Srav 8’ av ra Képara 
did-oxn, avaykn éott rods rdére OABopévovs b1a-07a- 
aba, kat TO pécov Tay KEepdtwy Kevov ylyveoBat, xai 
Tovs Taira macyxovtas GOupety, ToAEuloy éEmouévev. Kai 
éndre déot d1a-Baivey yépupay 7 GAAnY twa didBaow, 
175 €xaotos éamevde, BovAdueros dia-Bijvar mpGros’ Kat év- 
tad0a padioy Av Tots ToAEuiots emt-TiMecOat adrois. 


Improved order of march. 


"Emel 8% of orparnyot éyvwcay tadra, énolncay bf 
Adxovs dvd éxatov dvdpas, Kal én-éornoay oyxayors 
avrots, kat &AAous mevTnxovtipas Kal dAdovs evwpor- 

180 dpxas. obrw 58 mopevduevor, émdre piv ta Képatra 
ovy-KuTTot, of Aoxayol wn-euevoy Torepov, Hote Ta 
Képara pn tapdtrecOar tére 8& tap-jyov e£wOev ray 
kepatwy, smote dé ai mAevpai Tod mAaolov bid-cyxorev, 
obro. dv-e€-enlutrdacay 7d péoov, Sote Td pécoy det 

185 x-mAewy etvat. ef 58 cat d€oe d:a-Baiver rivd didBaow 
h yépupav, ovx érapdtrovro, dAAG of Aoxayol b1-€Batvoy 
éy TH pepe. Tovtrm TO Tpdmm énopevOnoay ToAAds 
Heepas dia xopas spews. 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 37 - 


The enemy occupy a mountain pass. The Greeks prepare to 
dislodge them. 


Mia 8 rév jpepov of BdpBapot Kara-AapBavover 
xwploy re tynddv brep adrijs tis 680d, 7 of “EAAnves 199 
éuedAov tap-tévar. évradda Bevopay dpGv trav xopupyy 
TOD Gpovs ovoay wep Tod EavTGv oTparevparos, cat and 
tavTns épodov otvoay ent tov Addov, evOa ot Todr€uLO0L 
qoap, A€yer TO Xetpraddpo’ “ Kpdriordy éorw, & Xeipl- 
code, muiy téoOar ws Tdyiota émi Td dxpov’ éeay yap 195 
TovtTo AdBwpev, of Urép THs 6500 ToAgutor ov Suryycovrat 
pévew. ov 8%, el Bovdrct, weve Em TO oTparedpari, eyo 
3 @0€Aw mopetecOa.” Kal 6 Xeiploodos, émawéoas 
avTov, ovp-néume. Tovs map’ éavT@ dyras meATACTaS 
éxéXevoe 38 wat GAAovs tpiaxoclouvs avy-érecOat, ots 200 
atros elxev emAéxtous dvdpas. 


Race for the summit. 


*Evredbev énopevovto as edivavro tdxtora. of 32 én 
Tod Addov ToAguot, ws evdncay avtovs Topevoyevous én 
TO Gxpov, evOUs Kai avTol dpynoay éni ro dxpov. «at 
évraida- woAAt) pev Kpavyy qv tav “EAAjvev bia- 208 
KeAevopévwoy Tots EautGv, TOAAH S€ Kpavy) TOY dudl 
Trooagépyny rots éavrady d:a-xeAcvopévor. Eevopar be 
map-ehavvev éni tod tamov map-exedevero’ “”Avdpes, viv 
émt tiv “EAAdda GytAAGoGe, viv tpds Tovs Taidas Kal Tas 
yuvaixas’ viv éAlyov movjcavres dpaxel mopevodpeda thy 210 
dowry dddv.” 


- 38 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


A grumbler silenced. The Greeks win the summit. 


Swrnpldns bé ris etwev' “Ovn e€ toov, & Zevodar, 
éopev’ ov pev yap dxet ed Tamov, éyw 8€ xareTGs 
Kauvo hépov tip domlda.” 6 6€ Zevopav dxovoas tabra, 

215 kata-nnoyoas and Tod trmov, @Oetrat Tov Swrnpldnv éx 
ms tagews’ Kal d-edduevos thy donida émopevero ws 
" " @bvaro rdxtota, éxwv adriy. eréyyave d& Kad Exwv 
Odpaxa tov immdy' dore émelero. Kat map-exedevero 
Tois pev éutpoodev tn-dyew, Tots d¢ GmicOev Tap-cévat, 
220 of 5° GAAoL oTpari@rat Ematoy Kai édoddpovy tov Lwrn- 
pony, €ore Hvdyxacay aitov AaBdvra thy donlda moped- 
evdar. 6 5€ Zevopay ava-Bas, ws pev Ta xwpla Bdowa 
Wy t@ trae, jy em rod Yrnov' énel 5€ GBara jv, 
xata-Aimay tov tnmov éomevde TECH. al of “EAAnves 
225 pOdvovct rovs troAgulovs yevduevor emt TH Axpy. 


A serious dilemma. Proposal of a Rhodian soldier. 


"Ev0a 57 of wev BépBapor orpapévres epevyov, of be 
"EAAnves ‘etxov tO dxpov. émet d€ xat-éByoay els ro 
medlov, évraida moAAy Gnopia jv. evOev pev yap av 
6pn trep-dWnAa, evOev SE ToTapds ov dta-Bards. Kal év 

230 TouT@ aynp Tes ‘Pddwos mpos-eAOor etme? “Eye Oddo, @ 
&vdpes, d1a-BiBdoat das xara rerpaxts-xtAlovs é7Alras, 
éav aoplonre enol ratra dv deduat, cat em-d6ré por 
Tadavrov picbdv.” épwrapevos 5€ Srou déotro, “’Ackdy,” 
En, “ dis-yAlwy Senrouar 6p 5€ moAAa mpdBara xal 

235 atyas xat Bois, dv ra Sépuata guonPevra padlws ay map- 
éxot Thy diaBaow. Sejoopa 5€ xal tov deopan, ols 
xepcGe nept 1a troWyta’ rovros Cev£as ros doxovs 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 39 


mpos GAAnAous, kat dpuloas Exacrov AlOos, domep 
dykxvpais, djow tovs doxots audorépwhev Tod ToTapod" 
Kat émt-BadG bAnv trois doxots, kat yy éxt ry dAp. 
rourots 5¢ ém-Bdvres ov Kata-d¥cec0e Tas yap doKds 
olcet SUo dvdpast 4 8¢ tAn Kat yj KwAvcover p? 
dAdo Ode.” 


They decide to march over the mountains into Kurdistan. 


Tots 8¢ orparnyois dxovoact-tatra TO pev evOdpnpa 
é3dxet xaplev elvat, rd 8 Epyov advvarov" oav yap Twépav 
Too ToTayov TOAAOt inmets TOY ToAELIoV, of ovK dv éT- 
érpemov tots "EAAnot Tovety Tatra. Kat 6a radta eddxKet 
Tots oTpaTnyots avayxkaioy etvat éu-Badety dca TGv dpéwv 
els Kapdovxous, cat évretOev di-edAOelv els *Appevlar, 
Xdpav peydAnv xat evdaiuova, js "Opdvtns Tpxev.  ev- 
reddev ad-lkovro évOa 6 péy Tlypns motayos mavrdtacw 
dmopos yy, mdpodos 8& ovK Wv° GAAG Ta Kapdovxwy dpy 
tmp avtod tot morapod éxpeuaro. éevradda éddxet Tots 
aTparnyots mopeverOar 51a TOY Gpewv® Kal topevdpevot 
THs vuxtos ap-txvodvrat Gua TH hepa pos TO dpos. 


Order of march. Attacks from the Kurds. 


"Ev0a 87 Xewploodos piv yeiro tod otparevuaros, 
Bevopav S& elxero dmobopvAakdy. Kat otro map- 
eyévovro cis Tas Képas TOY Kapdovyorv. év0a 87 of pev 
Kapdobxor ef-eAtrov tas olxlas, cat Epevyoy ent ta dpn, 
éyovres kal yuvaixas xal maidas' of 5@°EAAnves eAdp- 
Bavov ToAAG émirydera ex trav Kopav. met be of Te- 
Aevratoe TGv “EAAjvev Kar-éBavov els Tas K@pas, TOTE 
37) ovd-Aeyévres Tivés TOY Kapdovxwv én-er@evto aniis 


40 


245 


250 


255 


40 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON., 


kal dn-éxrewdy twas xal GAdovs érpwoav. Kal Tavrny 
265 wey THY vixTa nLAlcOnoay év Tals Kopats’ Gua dé TH Népg 
avOis émopevovro. 


Forced rapidity of march. ‘Is there no other road?” 


Kal ravrny pév thy jpépay obras émopedOncay’ TH 
dé torepaig ylyverat yxeov Todds, dvayxaioy 8 Hy 
mopevecOar ov yap fw ixava ra émirydera, cal of pev 

270 ToAeutot laxup@s én-eriOevro attois. 6 dé Xetplcopos ovx 
ba-€uevev, GX’ Hye Taxéws, Hote 7 Topela eylyvero dpoia 
guy tots émicbodiAak. eévtadda 6 Zevopay éd\dav 
mpos tov Xetploopov yriaro avrov Sri ovx tn-euever’ 6 
5é dmo-xpiwwdpevos, “ BAdpou,” py, “ mpds Ta Spy, Kat 

275 (8¢ ws mavta éort GBara’ pla 8& atrn éorly dds, Hv 
Gps, ép0iar nal éni ravrn d&vOpwTo. Kxad-fvrat ToAAol, 
gvAatrovres THy ExBaow of 3° yeudves, obs Exopev, oF 
gacw etvar GdAnv dddv.” 6 5€ Zevodav elmer’ “’ AAD’ 
éx@ bvo0 dvdpas, ods €AaBov (Gvtas, Stws elev jyeudves 

280 Nuly THs 6dou.” 


4 refractory prisoner. Another road discovered, Volunteer 
party formed. 

Kal ev0ts dyaydvres tovs dvOpamovs Hpadtev avirovs ef 
ria eldetey GAAnvY dd6v, H THY pavepdv. 6 pey ody Erepos 
ovx én GAAnv ria elddvarr eel SF Ereyey ovdev 
aperyov, épGvros tod érdpov xar-eopayn. 6 dé Aownos 

28s chekev Ore ovros ov daly eldévat, Ste ely abrg Ovydrnp 
éxel éx-dedopnevn trap avdpl: airds 8 Edn HynoecOa rH 
otpatevpatt.  épwrepuevos de el ely te ev TH 6d dus- 
mdp-irov xwplov, pn etvat axpov el 8& yy mpo-Kara- 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 41 


Anwowro totro, advvaroyv éceaOar trap-edOciv. évravOa 

of orparnyot ovy-Kadécavres oxayovs Tay Te TEATATTGY 290 
cal TOv STALTGY, Npdtwy avtors ef Tis ely, Satis eOAOL 

dv yevéoOar dvinp dyads, xal tmo-ctads eOedovtThs moped= 
evOa. Kal bd-loravrac 8) as bts-yCAtor. 


Preconcerted arrangement. The start. 


Kat Fv pev delan 75n, of 88 otparnyot éxéAevoy Tovs 
€OeXovras tropeverOat, Kai djoavtes TOY yEepova Tapa- 295 
diddacw adbrois. «al ovv-riMevrat THY pev viKTa pvAdT- 
Tew TO xwplov, dav AdBwot TO axpov, Gua be rH hpépa 
onpalvey TH odAmiyyt’ Kal Tods wey dvw dvras lévat emt 
Tovs moAeulous Tovs KaT-€xovTas THY davepay ExBacw. 
abrot 8% tn-tcyvodvro ovp-BonOjoav éx-Baivovtes, @s 300 
ay Sévawro Taxiora. Tadra ovy-Oduevor of prev dis-ylAtor 
éxopevovto’ Kal tdwp ToAv HY e£ ovpavod. Zevoday 
82, Zxov rods dmobopvtAaxas Hyetro mpos Thy avépav 
ExBaow, Smws of wodkEmioe Tpos-Exotey TOY vodY TavTN TH 
656, kai Strws of mepi-tdvres pddLtoTa AGOotey adrovs. 305 


Night attacks. The Greeks surprise a guard of the enemy. 


"Emel 3¢ of dmoPodtAakes Foav em xapadpa, ty See 
mpérepov b.1a-Bivat, Tore of BapBapor éxvdivdovy AlPovs 
kal jelCovs kal éAdrrovs, ot pepdpevor mpds Tas mérpas 
nralovres di-eagevdovavto’ Kal mavtanacw od Suvardoy jy 
meAdoat tH elodd@. eet 58 oxdros éyévero, Kal @ovTo 310 
Ajoew Tovs toAeulovs an-iovres, TéTE AB-7ADOY ent Td 
Seizvov. of 5& rod€utor ovdév enavcavto bi’ GAns Tis 
vuxtos KvAwdodvTes tovs AlOovs. ot Se Exovres Tov 
iryeuova, tept-idvres Kixd, xata-AauBdvouc. OUdoxos 


42 | SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


315 Tov ToAculwy audi mip Kab-nuévous’ Kal tovs wey KaTa- 
- _«relvaytes, Tous 88 xata-didfavres advrot guevov evraida, 
@s xat-éxovtes TO &kpov. of 38 od Kat-elxov avro, GAAG 
Addos iv Urep array, nap dv Fv 7 oTevn arn 680s, ed’ 
m of pvAaxes exd@nvro. podos pévror arrdbey jv ent 


‘ 


tous TroAeplous, ot exaOnuro emt rH pavepg ddo. 


(°) 


32 


The enemy are dislodged from their first position. 
"Emel 8€ myépa eyéveto, emopevovto otyn our= | 
reraypevor emt Tous moAepiovs’ Kal yap Av oulyAn, 
Gore €kadoyv avrovs eyyts mpos-eAOdvres. eet Se etdov 
dAAnAOUs, F TE odAmyE& épbéyEaro, Kat adradd£avres 
325 lévro emt rods dvOpamovs. of 5& odK ede£avTo aizods, 
GAA AumdvTes Thy dddv Epevyov' dAlyou & an-OvycKov" 
ei(wvor yap joav. of 8 dui Xeipicogov, dxovoavres 
Ths odAmyyos, ev0is iévro dvw xatda tiv pavepay dddv. 
GdAot 8 Tay orpatnyay émopevdovto Kata arpiBets ddods, 
330 7) €xacrot érvxoy Gyres, kal dva-Bdvres ws edvvayto dy- 
éiAxoyv GAAjAovs Tots Sdpact. Kat otro: TMpGrot ovp-curEav 
Tois Tpo-KaTa-AaBovct TO xwplov. 


A second and a third eminence captured. 

EZevopav 8 dmicbopvdaxGy énopevero rH avrh 680, 

jmep ot Tov iyyeuova Exovres mopevovro. Topevduevor be 

335 év-tuyxdvovot Adhd tmép rhs 6500 Kar-cAnupeve tno: 
Tov ToAEculwy, Kal mMpos-BddAovot mpds Tov Adgov. of SF 
BdpBapor érd€evov xa ~BaddAov, eyyts 8° od mpos-levro, 
GANG guyn recov 7d xwplov. Kai of “EAAnves, tap- 
eAnAvOdres TovTov Tov Addov, épGow Erepoy Addov éu- 
340 mpoobev, KaT-exduevov b70 tev ToAEulwy* Kal 7G atte 


IV. THE. MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 43 


tpémw alpotor xat robrov. ért 3¢ tpitos Addhos Hy TmoAV 
6pOedraros’ émet 5é of "EAAnves éyyts éyévovto, of Bdp- 
Bapot @\e:rov rodrov dpayel. xat Zevopdv pev ovv 
Tots vewrdrows dv-€Bawev emt 7d dxpov, tovs 5é€ &Adous 
éxeAevoey ErecOar Bpadéws. xa ev rovtrw dyyedos HAGE 345° 
mepevyas, kat ereLev as of dv TG TpadTo Addy AetpOEv- 
Tes at-nAdOnoapy, Kat Sr. ToAAOl an-Eavov. 


A truce concluded, Treachery of the Kurds. Final success 

of the Greeks. 

"Evtadda 37 of BdpBapor FAGov em evayriov Twa 
Adghov" xat 6 Zevopay bi-ed€yero adrois wept cnovder, 
kal dm-rret tous véxpous. of 8 épacay ano-ddcew emi 35° 
tovT mote pi) ddixely Tas Kdpas’ Kal 6 Zevopdv ovv- 
wpordye tadra. év @ 8 d:-eAdyovto taira, mdvres of 
BdpBapot éx tovrov tod témov ovv-7AOov. évradOa oi 
modéutot foravro® Kal énet of audi Zevodavra ip£avto 
xata-Balvew amd tov Addou mpds Tovs GAAovs, tevto by 355 
ot moA€utoe TOAA@ TAHOE Kal OopvBw. Kal émel éyorTo 
ent tis Kopupis Tod Adgov, ad’ ob Zevohav xar-eBawer, 
éxvAlvdouvy mérpas* Kat évos pév xat-éafay TO oxédos, 
Eevoparra b¢ 6 traomoris an-édunev, €xov thy donlda. 
Evptdoxos 5€ éaAirns mpos-édpayey adr@, xat mpo-Bad- 360 
Aduevos Thy éavtod donida mpd dudoty éxdpe’ kat of 
dAAot cuv-euséav trois 4on ovv-retaypevois. 


Rest in good quarters. The Greeks reach the borders of 
Armenia. 


"Ex 8& rodrov wav rd ‘EdAnvixdy éyod éyévero, Kat 
€oxjvncay év toAdals xat xadais olklats kat yestois 


44 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


365 émirndelwy* Kai yap otvos moAts qv, dv elxov év Adxxorts 
Koviatois. Zevopay S¢ xal Xewpicopos AaBdvtes rovs 
vexpovs anm-éSocay Tov iyeuova, Kal émolnoay trois dmo- 
Oavodot mavra Td vopt(dpeva, ws ed0vavTo. TH dé 
totepala éropevovro avev hyeudvos* Kal ad-ixdpevor emi 

37° rov Kevrplrnv morapov, ds dplCe thy ’Appevlay Kat rip 
tov Kapdotxwv xapav, evraida dv-enavoavto év Te 
medlo. otrws an-nhAaypévo, Tavtwv Tdv Tovey 7d€ws 
exotunOnoar. 


CHAPTER V. 
THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 


Stoppage at the Centrites. Xenophon’s dream. 


Tn 8 torepalg of "EAAnves épGow inméas roy “Appe- 
viov wépay Tov ToTayod é€-wrAtopévous, @s KwAvcovTas — 
avtovs d:a-Balvew* dpd@or 5€ Kal meCovs mapa-reray- 
pévous ent tats dyOats dvw rv inndwv. eret 5€ Edpov 

5 Tov pev totanov Svomopoy évyta, rovs S€ Kapdovyxous 
ovp-eteypeévous ev Tots StAo1s, @s emt-Kercouevous avrois 
Gmicbev, évrad0a 8% ToAA) Fv aOvula rots “EAAnou. 
ravty dé Ti vuxtl Zevopay eidey dvap' Edofev ev wédais 
dedéoOat, adrar 5€ okay adirduarat aitG meEpt-pprjvat, 

10 woTE AvOAvat avTov Kat d:a-Balvew Smov éBovAero. exe 
52 dpOpos Hv, Epxerat mpds tov Xewploodov, cal A€yet 
Gre éAmldas Exet TavTa Kad@s EcecOat, Kat di-1yetras 


V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 45 


aito 76 dvap. 6 b€ dero, Kal os TdaxtoTa mdvres of 
otpatnyot €vovro’ Kai Ta tepa KaAd Fv. 


A ford discovered. 

Kal da-tdyres ard tév tepGv of orparnyot Kal Aoxa- 15 
yot map-yyyeAAopy TH otpatiG apiotomotetoOat. kat apt- 
oravtt TS EevopGrtt bv0 veavioxw mpos-érpexov’ Kal 
€X\eyov rordde, “’Ervxouey ovd-Adyovres dpvyava, kal 
eldouey év T@ Tépav TOD ToTaLod yépovTd TE Kal yuvaixas: 

Kata-rTiWeuevous GoTep papoimous ivariwy ev métpq av- 20 
tp@der, iddvres S€ evoulCoper ardadés etvat d:a-Bivae 
TOV ToTauLoy’ TavTn yap Tovs TGV ToAEulwy imméas ovK 
dv divacOat mpos-Bivar’ ex-dvvres 58 yupvot d:-eBalvo- 
Mev, OS vevoduEvot’ Topevdpevot S€ mpdabev bi-éBnyev, 

mpiv BpéEar tovs pypovs’ Kat d:a-Bavres nal AaBdvres 25 

Ta tudria mdAw dedpo fxouev.” 


Pal 
aot 


The first detachment under Cheirisophus crosses the river. 


’Axovoas Tatra 6 Eevoddy éorevde, xal éxéAeve tovs 

, »¥ a a , 9 9A Ra 
otpati@tas evxeoOat trois Oeois. aneicas 5 cvOds rye 
Tovs veavloxovs Tapa Tov Xetpicodov of 88 di-nyobvro 
ait@ tatrd. adxovecas 8 Kat 6 Xetplaodos ozovdds 30 
émolet, xat e0£e rois orpatnyots Xetpicogoy pév tyei- 
aOat, kat dia-Baivey tov morapov exovta Td Huiov Tod 

, P Lo € t ee 7 a 
orparevparos® TO d€ Huo Ere Uno-pevery ov Hevodavri, 
ra d& dmoCvyia Kat Tov dxAov bia-Balvew ev pécw 
TovTwr. evradba dy émopevovto’ of 5€ veavloxo. HyodvTo 35 
€xovres Tov ToTapoy év apiorepa. Kat Xeuploomos pev 
mparov év-éBawey els tov motaydv Kat of ov aire’ of 
Se woA€utoe 6pGvres avrovs d:a-Baivovtas pevyovow dva 
KpatTos Tpos TO dpos. 


46 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


The Carduchi advance to attack the rear. Xenophon prepares 
to receive them. 

40 ~=Adxtos 62 Exwv rods imnéas cat Aloxlyns éxwv rovs 
meAraotas efnovro. Xeiploogos Sé, éret bi-€8y Tov To- 
Tapov, Tovs pey laméas ox edlwxev, evOUs 5% &£-éBawwer 
ém rovs moAeulous rods év tots axpots Teraypevous. - ol 
5 dpdvres radra éx-Aelmovor ta dxpa. Eevodarv 8&8, 

45 émet Edpa Trovs audi Xeiploodov mépav dq yevouevons, 
dnm-exdpet Os TaxioTa Tpds TO viv d1a-Baivoy orparevpa. 
kat yap of Kapdobyot davepol 7bn Aoav Kara-Balvorres 
els tO tredlov, as emt-Onodpevor trots TeAevralots. Kal 
Xeuploomos pev Kat-elye Ta Gxpa, Avacos &@ ovv dAlyots 

50 émt-did£as tous ToAeulovs EAaBe Ta tmo-AELMOpEva TOV 
oxevopdpwv, kal peta TovTwy éeoOnra TE KaAnDY Kal éx- 
mépata. Kat éy trovr@ Ta pev oxevoddpa Tov ‘EAAjvev 
kat 6 dxAos &-éBawve, Zevoddv 8% orpépas apos rovs 
Kapéov7xous é6ero avrla avrois ra SrAa, xal map-jyyereE 

55 Tols Aoxayols TotjoacOa Tods Adxous, Kat lévar mpds 
Tov Kapdovxwr" otpayots 8@ éxédevoe xata-oTnoacbat 
mpos Tod Totapyov. ob 5& Kapdodyo, as Edpwv rods 
dmabodvvAaxas dAlyous 7on yevouévous, Oatrov 8) én- 
jecay dds twas ddovtes. 


Arrangements for the passage of the rear-guard. A ruse. 
Go ‘O 8 Xewpicodos méune. mapa Zevoparvta rovs meA- 
 raoras Kat ogevdornras xai rofdras, cat xeAevet avrovs 
moveiy 5 tt ay éxetvos map-ayyedAn. 6 5¢ Zevopar ldav 
avrovs 757 d1a-Batvovras, méupas dyyeAov Kedever adrovs 
petvar ext rod morayod cat wy d:a-Balvew Srav s€ of 
65 map éavt@ dpkeavrat d:a-Balvey, rére éu-Balvew as d1a- 


V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 47 


Byoopévous, tpdaw 58 rod woTayod pH mpo-Balvey. ois 
d€ map’ Eavtd map-tyyerev, eretdn oevddyn e€-txvotro 
mpos avtovs Kat domis Woot, Oeiv els tovs qpodepulous" 
émel 5& of morguoe dva-orpéperav, kat 6 ocadmtyxTys 
onunvere TO moAEutxoy ex TOU motayod, TéTe mdvTas 70 
dva-orpéyat kat b:a-Baivew ws tdxtoTa, H Exaotos elye 
Tyy tag édeye 88 Sri otros Eootto dpiotos, Sorts 
nparos év r@ mépav yevoito. 

. “ 

The ruse succeeds. All cross safely. 

Oi -3@ Kapdodxot, dpavres tovs Aortots dAlyous 75n 
Gvras, évrad0a &) én-éxewvto Opacéws cal ipxovTo oev- 75 
dovay Kal tofevew. of 5€ “EAAnves tatavicavres Spynoav 
Spduw én’ abrovs’ of Se obk déEavro. ev tottw 6 cad- 
myKTis onuaiver’ Kat ot pey moAguoe Epevyov TOAD Ere 
Oarrov’ of S€ "EAAnves ava-orpéavres Ehevyov ba Tod. 
moTazod ws TaxtoTa, Toy S€ modrAEulwov of pév TivEs 80 
OpGvres Tatra mdAwv edpapov emt tov morapov Kai tofed- 
ovres érpwoav oAlyous trav “EAAnvev' of 8% moAAol 
airéy ért havepol joay devyovres’ of 58 tnd Xetpicd- 
dou mpdrepoy Teupbevtes Tapa Zevopvra mpo-yjecayv els 
Tov ToTaoy Tpoowrépw 7H det, Kal Borepov Trav peta 85 
Eevodavros b-éBynoav médAw' rovrwv d€ trwes érpdOn- 
cay i176 TOV ToAEpulor. 


The Greeks enter Armenia. Great fall of snow. 


"Evreddev eropevOnoav da ths ’Appevlas ént tov Tn- 
AeBdav torapdv. trapxos 8’ Fv tadtns tis xdpas Tipi- 
Baos, ds wal Bacitre? plros eyévero. otros elmev Sri 90 
BovAato aoneloacbat trois "EAAnoe Kal ratra ed0ke Trois 


48 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


otparnyots, kat éoneloavro. otparoTmedevopévan 8 adtav 
éy ty xépq ylyverat Tis vuxtds xtov TOAAN, GoTe a7- 
éxpue xat ra SmAa Kat rots dvOpémovs KaTa-Keypgvous* 

95 kal H xuov ovv-enddice TA UTOW ya. Kal woAds Sxvos Ty 
av-loracdar énet 8¢ Zevopar érdédAunoev dv-lctacbat xal 
oxiCewv ‘EAa, taxa dva-ords tis Kal GAAos ad-eAdmevos 
éxe(vov ra Aa Eoyicev. ex 5& rovrov Kai of GAdot 
dva-otdvres Top Exatov. 


March continued. Effects of long fasting. 


100 «= Mera ratra éeddxe d:a-oxnvioa els oréyas Kata Tas 
képas. va dy of orpari@rat oy ToAAQ HdovA Heoay ent 
Tas aréyas cal ra émirjdera’ Kal évravOa bi-yyayov Thy 
vixta, 1H 8 totepala émopevovro ba xidvos ToAATs ext 
tov Evdpdrny morayov, xat &i-éBawvov adrdv’ ai de 

105 myyat avtod éA€yovro ov mpdow eclvar. evrevOev de 
ézopevovto nucpay SAnv Sia yxidvos, cat moAAol Tov 
dvOpanwyv éBovdmiacay. Eevopav 5& nyvee & re rd 
mA0os etn. etre 5 Tis aiT@ rt of GvOpmmor Bovdmuger, 
xal Ste gaydvtes te Gva-otncowTo. 6 5¢ Hevodav 

110 dxoveas Taira mepi-ye mept Ta royia, cal ef mov Te 
dpon Bpwrov, d.-edidov rots BovAyucow.  emedi) 5é re 
pdyotev, av-icravTo kat énopevovto. 


They reach an Armenian village, but some are left bebind, 


Tlopevopévwy 8 Xetploopos péy adg-ixvetrat dui 
kvépas mpos kapunv, kat Kata-AapBaver yuvaixas kat 
115 kdpas wvdpopopovoas mpds tH Kpyvn eumpocbev rod 
épvparos. avrat npwtwy atvrovs rives elev. 6 88 
Epunvevs etme Ilepowort dre mopevowro mapa Bacrdos 


V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 49 


mpos tov aatpamnv. at 8& da-expivavro Ste ovK ein 
évratOa, GAN’ an-éxor Scov sapacdyynv. of 88, émel 
de iv, ovv-ets-€pyovrar mpos Tov Kopdpxny els TO Epupa 
ow tais vpoddpos. Xetplaoodos pev odv, xat Soot Tov 
otpatiwray ediurvnPycav, eévraida eotparotedevoarro, 
Tov 5 GAdov of pH dSuvdpevor ad-ixvetcOar évradda 
évuxrépevoay Gowrot Kat dvev mupds’ Kal evrav0a tues 
TOV OTpATLw@TGY a7-eXorTO. | 


Sufferings in the snow. 


’EAelrovro 5@ nal vives, of pev di-epOappevor Tous 
d@Oadrpovs vd THS xtdvos, of 58 dmo-cEonTOTES TOUS 
daxTvAous TOY Today tnd TOU Wiyxous. Fv Se Tots pev 
dPOadrpois emtxovpnua Tis xtdvos, ef Tis peAay TL Exon 
mpo tav dp0adpGy Topedotto, Tots 5é touly, et TEs Kivotro 
kal pndémote éxor Hovxlav, kat ef tro-AvoiTo Ta br0d7- 
para Thy vixta. ef d€ Ties exoyudvTo dm0-dedepevot, of 


120 


125 


130 


iudvres eis-edvovro els rods aédas, cat ra tbrodjnpara 


mepi-emnyvuTo’ Kat yap, énerdy) Ta dpxaia drodnpara en- 
é\urev avtovs, énolncay xapBatlvas éx tév veoddaprwv 
Boev. 


The sick refuse to proceed. The enemy follow in pursuit, but 
are put to flight. 

Ata tradra ov tn-edelmovrTo Ties TOY OTpaTLwTGY" Kal 
lSdvres péAav te xwplov eixaCoy tHv xtova aitdO. rerTn- 
xévat' kal érernxet 61a Oepuny riva Kpyvnv, 7} tAnolov jv 
atulCovca ev vary. evtaiOa ody exdOnvTo, Kat ovk 
épacay mopeverOar. 6 8 Eevohey edetra airav pi 


ts 


135 


140 


dmro-delnecOat, A€ywv Ste ToAAOL TOAEMLOL ExowTa thos 


E 


50 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


dé cat éyadérawev, of 88 exérevoy xrelvev’ ob yap 
épacay Sivacba mopevOjvar, évradOa eo€e xpdticrov 
145 elvat hoBjoat tovs émopevovs moAculovs, Stws pi) er- 
lovey tois xduvovot. Kal wv pev oxdros Hon, of 88 
TOAEMLOL TpPOS-HEeTayv TOAAG GopdBw. eva 47 of dmco- 
pvrakes €€-avaordvres ed5papov els rovs moAeplous* of be 
kdpvovtes, ava-Kpaydvtes Goov édvvavto, éxpovoay Tas 
150 dotidas mpds Ta Sdpata. of 8& wodr€por Selcavres Feav 
€auTovs Kata THs xidvos els THY vary, Kat ovdels Ere 


épbeyEaro ovdev. 


Cheirisophus conducts the sick to the villages. All find 
quarters. 
Kai Zevodav pev xat of oty ait@ emopevovto’ TH 8 
votepala 6 pevy Zevopav méuwas mpos tovs dcOevodvras 
155 TOUS vewTaTous éxéAevey dvayKdcew avtovs mpo-tévat, 
Xeupicogos S¢ wéumer Tivds ex THs Keéuns oKeyouévous 
m@s of TeAevraton éxotev. of 5€ map-ddocay pev Tovrots 
Tous aaGevovvtas Kopicew énmt TO oTpatonedov’ avtot Se 
émopevovto, cat 7AOov els thy Kopunv évOa Xeploodos 
160 nuAlCero. Kat Xetploomos pév avrod euevev, of 5€ GAdor 
otparnyot &i-éAaxov aAAyjAos Tas Kdpas, &s édpwv, 
éxaotot €xovres tovs éavtay dvdpas. 


Armenian houses. Barley-wine and manner of drinking. 


"Ev 8¢ radrats Tais Képats al olklar joay Katd-yevot, 
éxovcat TO pay ordua w@omep dpéaros, xdtw Sé evpetar’ 
165 Kat rots wey dmocvylos al elcodoe dpuxtal jFoav, of 8& 
GvOpwmot xat-éBawov ént xAiuaxos. év be rats olxias 
Joav atyes, otes, Bdes, prides, nal Ta Exyova TovTwr* 


V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 51 


Ta 8¢ xtyvn mdvta evdov erpédeto xtdG. oav 8& Kab 
mupot Kat xptOal kat dompta Kal otvos xplOwos év kparnpow* 
év ols xa abrat ai xpiOal év-7oav. Kai KdAapo. év-exewvTo 
atrots, of yey pelCovs, of 5¢ éAdrrovs* tovrous 5¢ AdBovres 
els TO oTdpa Euv ov, kai 6 olvos qv mavu dxpartos, ef pH 
Tis émi-xéor Ddwp' ened b€ Tis ovv-eOicbeln atta, Tavu 


nous Hv. 


Arrival at the Phasis. The enemy occupy the heights. 


"Evraida euewav nuepas moAAds* peta 8€ Totro éno- 
pevOncay mapa tov Paow morapdv. eat de rH eis 1d 
medlov wmepBory an-yvtnoay avrois XdAvBes xal Tdoyou 
Kat Daoavol. Xeiploogos sé, ewel xat-cide Trovs ToAe- 
plovs ént tH bmepBory, énavoatro Topevdpevos’ Kal ovy- 
Karéoas Tovs orpatrnyous cai Aoyayovs 2rcEev Bde° “ OF 
Péev qoAeuior, @s Spare, xat-€xover Tas bnepBodds tod 
Gpous’ éuol pev ov Soxe? map-ayyetAat peéy Tots orpa- 
TiTats apioromotetoOar, muas S€ BovdredverOar etre T7- 
pepov etre avpiov doxe?t imep-BddAew Td dpos.” “’Epol 
5é ye,” edn 6 KAedvwp, “ doxe? ws Taxtora lévae én 
tous Gvdpas. el yap d:a-rphpouey thvde tiv juépav, of 
Te voy npas dpGvres ToA€utor €oovrat Oapparewrepot, Kal 
dAAot tA€lous TovTwY mpos-yevjcovrat.” 


‘Let us steal a way over the mountain.’ 

Mera todroy Zevoddv cinev' “'Eyo 5€ otro yt- 
yroonw. el pty dvdykn éeori pdyeoOa, det todro tapa- 
oxevdcacOat, Stws ws Kpdticta paxovpeBa’ ef 5¢ Bov- 
AdpeOa as fpaoTta wtrep-Bddd\ew 16 Gpos, TodTo de? 
oxdpacba, Sus as eAaxlorous dvdpas dmo-Bddoper. 

E 2 


180 


185 


190 


5m SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


TONY ovv Kpeirtdy por Soxel meipacOar KAapat Te Tod 

195 épnj.ov dpovs AaOdvras, 7 pdxecOa mpds loxvpda xapla 
Kat Gvdpas tap-eoxevacpévovs. Kat KreWat 5% ovx abv- 
vardv pot doxet etvar, émel ef-eoTi tiv levat vuxros, 
ore py dpacbat bmep-Balvovras.” 


Mutual banter between Cheirisophus and Xenophon. 

“"Arap rl éy® cup-BdAdAopat Adyous mept KAOTHs 3 

200 €ywye yap, © Xeuplcode, axovw tuas tovs Aaxedatpovlovs 
evOds ex maldov pederay Krérrew, kal ovK aloxpov etvat 

éy tyiv, GAAG xaddy KAénrew Soa vopos ph KwAdvet. 
Sts 5¢ as kpatiora KAénryTE, vopiyudy eotw duly pactt- 
yodoba, éay AnPOjre «kAénrovres. viv ovv Katpds coi 
aos cori emi-deifac0a tHv maidelay, cat gvdAdfacbar py 
AnPOGuev kAérrovrés ti Tod dpous, StHs py WAnyas Ad- 
Bopev.” AAG pévror,” pn 6 Xetploodos, “ nat éyw 
aKovw tyuas Tous AOnvatovs Sewods etvat krénxrey ta dnud- 
oa’ mote wpa éott cal cot ém-delkvucOat ri tatdelay.”’ 


“The enemy must be dislodged. Volunteers for the work.’ 
210 «6 ’Ey® pev toiver,” pn 6 Zevodar, “ Erousds elpn, 
éxwv Tovs dmicOopvAakas, tévar kara-Anyopevos TO dpos. 
éyo 82 Kal qyeudvast rovrov 5 arvvOdavouat Sr +d 
6pos ovx dBardv éort, eAmifw 5€ rots toAculous ovKére 
pevely, emedav wow nas emt tov akpwv’ ovde yap vov 
arg e0éXovor xara-Balvew els rd tcov nyiv.” 6 8€ Xeuplrodos 
elve’ “ Kat rl Set o& tévar cat Auwety THY dmicbodpvAa- 
klav; GAG wéuov GAAovs, cay py Twes Hhaivwvrat 
@Oedovrai.” éx rovtov eOedrovral épaivovto moAAol: Kat 
éxoijcavto ovvOnua, émdTe Exotey Ta Axpa, Tupa Kalew 


220 TOAAG 


V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 53 


a 


The Greeks gain the heights. Comfortable quarters. 


"Eresdy Se vit éyéveto, of wey taxOévtes am-jpxorto, 
kal xar-ékaBov 1d dpos’ of 5€ GAAow dv-eravovro. Gua 
S€ TH uepa Xepicodos pay iye Kara thy dddv, of Se 
kara-haBdvres TO Gpos én-necay xaT& Ta Gxpa. Kal 
obrot oup-piyydact péper Tv ToAEulwv, Kad of “EAAnves 
vik@ou kat Su@xovow avrovs. éy TovTw of ev TeATACTAl 
TOV “EAAjvev eov éx tod mediouv mpds Tovs Tapa-TeTay- 
pévous, Xeiplooos be ép-eimeto otv tots émAlrais, of dé 
Aono Ty ToAgulov, érerdn Edpwv Tovrovs ATrapévovs, 
Epevyoy’ of S€ “EAAnves, Odcavtes cat ornodpevot Tpd- 
mwatov, xat-€Byoav nadw els to medlov, kat 7AOov els 
K@Opas pectas TOAAGY emirndeiwv. 


Mountain fortresses of the Taochi. 


"Ex 82 rotrwy enopevOnzay elg Tadxous* cat Tra ém- 
mdea én-édumev® of yap Tdoxot @xovy xwpla icyrpa, 
els & dy-exouloavto mavra ra emirydera. eel 58 Ad-ixovro 
mpos xwplov mt, @v kat dvdpes foav Kai yuvaixes xal 
KTHv7n TOA, Xeiplaopos A€yee TH Zevopavre “ Todro 
TO xwplov aiperéov éoriy jpiv' tH yap oTparig ovK éoTt 
Ta énitydera, ef py AnWopneba 16 xwplov.” evradOa 87) 
€BovAevovto* Kal tod Zevopavros épwravtos ri xkwAvor 
avtovs els-cAOeiv, 6 Xetpicogos eitmey’ “ Atryn pia éoti 
mapodos, jv Spas’ Stray dé tis meiparat ravTn map-tévat, 
of woAgutor xvAwdodor AlOovs trép tadrns THs wérpas, 
kal ovv-tplBovot kal oxéAn Kat mAeuvpas TOY oTpaTiw- 
Tov.” 


225 


230 


& 


35 


240 


54 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Preparations for storming the fort. 


°ANAG,” Edn 56 Zevohar, “7d ywplov, 5 det Has 
di-eAOetv, cyedov tpia muinAcOpa éort rovTou d€ daov 
TACOpov dacv éotet wirvor peydAas, tp als éotyKOTEs 
dvdpes otdey dy macxorey bad TGV KvAWsoupevar AlOwv. 
250 TO b& AowTov ywpioy yiyverat @s HulwrAcOpov, 6 Set mapa- 
Spayety, Grav of woA€uoe Ajywot BadAovtes Tovs AiBous. 
mopevopueba ovv evtavda, EvOev dSenoe Huy mapa-dpayeiy 
puxpov tt, kal padioy éorat an-edOetv, Edy BovdAdpeOa.” 
evrevOev enopevovto Xeupiaopos cai Zevopey xai KadAl- 
255 paxos Aoxayds’ Kal pera totTo avOpwror an-_AGov ind 
ta d€érdpa ws EBdounKovra, ovK AOpdor, GAAG Kal? Eva, 
éxaotos duAaTrouevos @s edvvaro. 


Stratagem of Callimachus. The fort taken. A dreadful scene. 


"Evéa 8) KadAipaxos pnxavarat tt. mpo-érpexe Bv0 7 

tpla Bryara aad rod dévdpou, bh’ © abrds Fv" ered) de 
260 of AiOor pépowrTo, av-exape: evTETas* eet 5€ mpo-dpdpor, 
mAéov 7 déxa Gata merpGv Exdatore av-nAloxovro. 6 

bé ’Ayacias, defcas pi ov mpGros avtos mapa-dpdyor els 

TO xwplov, dpuarat povos, xal map-epyerat mdvtas rovs 
éraipouvs. 6 5€ KadAlpaxos, épéy atroy map-idyrta, ént- 
265 NapBdaverat avrod tis trvos* ev d¢ rovTw ’Aptotévupos 
mapa-Tpéxet avtovs, cal peta tovroy Evpvdoxos’ xa 
attws aipodor TO xwpiov. évraida 5y devov qv Oéapa. 

al yap yuvaixes Eppintroy td re mraidla Kat éavtas xara 
Tay wmetp@v, cal of Gvdpes exotovy tairad. EvOa 31) 
270 Aoxayos tis dev twa tov ToAeulwy xara-pphpovra 
éavror, oToAty éxovta cad}, emt-AapBaretas atrys’ 6 


V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 55 


de -émi-onarar Tov Aoxaydv" Kat duddrepor @xovTo Kata 
TOY TeTpOV hepduevot Kal an-eOavov. evTedOev AvOpwror 
pev wavy ddiyo. @AnOnoay, Bdes 5 Kat Gvoe moAAol Kal 
mpdéRara. 275 


Arrival at Gymnias. ‘The sea, the seal’ 


"Evreddey eropevOnoay 8a XadvBov, cat ad-lkovro 
émt “Apracoy moray’ évredbev S58 AGov mpds mOAW 
peydAnv, 7) éxadetro Tupvias. ex ravrns ths moAEws 
6 THS x@pas Upxov TéuTet Pyewdva toils “"EAAnow" eAPdv 
dé exeivos efnev Sre fou adrovs Tévre HpepGv els xwplov 
50ev dwowro Oadarray. 6 5 Wyetro avrois’ Kal ad- 
ixvodvrat emt TO Gpos TH TéunTy Nuepa’ Svoua b& TO dper 
qv Onyns. enel 88 of mpOror eyévovro emt tod dpous 
Kat xat-eidov thy OdAattrav, «pavyt moAAH éyéveto. 6 
8¢ Zevodav xal of dmoOopiAakes dxovoavres w@nOnoav 285 
moAcpuious émi-TidecOat Tots Eunpoober. éredy 5% Bor 
mAclov eylyveto, kai of det én-ivres EBcov dpdpw emt 
rovs det BoGutas, eddxer 8) TO Zevohdvre pelCdv te 
etvar’ Kat dva-Bas éd’ trmov xai dva-AaBov Tovs inméas 


80 


i) 


map-eBonde. Kal taxa 8% axovovor TY oTpaTiwTGy 290 
Bodvrwyv “ Oddarra, OdAarra,” Kal mapa-Kedevopevav 
GAANAOLS. oe 


Joy of the Greeks. A guide well rewarded. 


"Eva 53 wdvres EOcov, kal ta broGyyia Kal of ta7oe 
qAavvovto. émel 5& mdvres ad-ixovro ent To &xpor, 
évradéa 8) mepi-BadAov aAAjAovs Kal orparnyods Kal 295 
Aoxayods Saxptovres’ Kal evOis of otpariGrat dépovor 
AlOovs Kat Tmovovct KOAwYOY péyav. jeTa Tadra of “EAAD- 
ves Gno-néunovat Tov nyesova dpa ddvtes ave, tamov 


& 


56 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Kai didAnv dpyupay xal oxeviy Tlepouxny xal xpyuara® 
300 6 82 belEas avrois xéuny, ov eer oxnveiv, cal Thy dddv 
iw topevoowro els Mdxpwvas, @xETO THS vuKTOs. 


The Colchians bar the way. A pithy address to the soldiers. 


’"Evreddev of “EAAnves énopevovto ba Maxpédvev’ ot 
5¢ Mdxpwves map-yyayov atrovs év tpioly jyépats emt 
Ta KéAxov Epia. évtada Hv dpos péya, cal emi rovTov 
305 of KdAxou mapa-tetaypévot Yoav. Kal To pey mpa@tov ob 
"EAAnves avti-nap-eragavto pdAayya’ éneita dé €d0£e rots 

“nw n 3 A , tw nw a 
atparnyots tojoat dpOlovs tovs Adxovs. Hevopav 6€ 

? \ 2 L 27 2 AN a a a 

dn-wav emt 76 evevupoy amd Tod Sefiod EAeye Tots oTpa- 
tiotas’ “”~Avdpes, otro obs épare pdvor Ett kwAvovow 
310 Nas TO wy On elvar, EvOa mara eomevdoopen Ad-txerOat, 

TovTous, édy Tws duvepeba, de? cal @povs xata-payetv.” 


Rout of the enemy. Effects of poisonous honey. 


cEmet 8¢ Exaoro. éyévovto év rats xépais, cat ézol- 
noavto dp0iovs rovs Adxous, of orparnyol wap~ityyetvAav 
evxeoOar Tots Oeots. evéduevor 5é kal matavioavres ér0-- 
315 pevovTo. ot d€ moAdutoL, @s Eldovy avrovs dSpdum Oéovras, 
Epevyov. of 5€"EAAnves brep-Bdvtes 1d dpos éatparo- 
medevoavTo ey K@pats wodAais cal péotas émrndelov. 
kal opnvn ToAAG WV até Kal Soo TGv oTpatiwrav 
Epayov ray knplwy, wavtes eylyvovro adpoves, xal ovdets 
320 €dvvato toracGat GpOos. obtw b€ moAAol ExewTo, omeEp 
tpomrjs yeyernuevys, Kal roAAy Wy aOvplar rH 8 torepala 
ovdels ev an-Oave, dui d& THY avriy Spay dv-eppdvovr' 
tpimn S€ Kat retapty juépg dv-lotavto, donep Pdpyaxov 
TENWKOTES. 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. ' 57 


Arrival at Trapezus. Festival games. 


"Evreddey 3& AOov emi Oddarray els Tpane(odvra, 325 
nédw “EdAnvibda év tH Kédyov xdpa. evradéa érolncar 
dyGva yupixdy év to spe, EvPavep eoxynvovy. efrovTo 
- 8€ Apaxdvtioy Smapridrny xad-tordvat tov dayGva, Kat 
éxéAevoy avrov dei£ar Grou déot tpéxew. 6 be Sel~as rov 
Adgov, &v @ elorixecav, eltev’ “Otros 6 Addos KdA- 330 
Atotos éotat TO ayGu.” “TGs dtv,” Epacayv, “ dvv7j- 
covtat TaAdalew év xapa otrw oxAnpa kal dacela;”’ 6 d€ 
eimev, “‘O xara-necay padrdoy tt dvidoerat.” Kal taides 
Bey moANO’ TOV aixpadadtav ywvilovto, Kpyres dé 
mAelous 7] E€qxovta eOeov: mdAn 5€ qv Kal mvyph Kal 335 
mayxpariov. Beov d€ Kat immo Kat et avtovs édAd- 
cavtas Kata Tov Addov dva-otpewat ev TH OaddrTy Kat 
mddw dvw éd\Ociv mpos tov Bwpudv. kat of wey moddAol 
exvdwdodvto kdtw, of d¢ Immo. pdAus emopevovto mpds TO 
SpOtov’ €vOa modi) Kpavyn Kal yeAws Kal mapaxéAevats 340 
éyiyvero. 


CHA Pp TER VI. 
TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 


The Greeks vote for going home by sea. Cheirisophus goes to 
Byzantium for ships. 


Mera tadra of "EAAnves ¢BovAevovro mept Tis Aounys 
mopelas’ mp@ros 5é ’AvriAdwy ax-éorn Kat édrckev Bde 


58 © SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


“"Eyaye, @ dvdpes, ato-xapve on BadlCwv xal tpéxov 
kat hépwv Ta StAa kal hvddrrwy dvdakas cat payduevos* 

5 émet 5¢ viv Exouev OddAarray, ém-Oupe Av Td AoLTOY 
ths mopetas, kal otrws dd-ixéoOat els tiv “EAAdSa.” of 
d@ orpari@rat axovcavres Ttaita av-elopvBnoav as & 
A€yot, kal mavres of map-dvres EXeyov Tavtd. emeta Se 
Xetpicogos dv-éorn kai einev Ode “ Didros pol éorw, @ 

10 Gvopes, ‘AvagiBios 6 év Bulavriy vavapyxos’ éav ody mép- 
Ynré pe, Ew wadrw éxwy Kal tpinpets kat mAota dpets 
dé mepi-pevere Ear’ dv éy@ EAOw.” axovoavres tadra ob 
oTpariara: yoOnody te Kal eyndicarvto atrov mAely @s 
TaXLoTa. 


Foraging. Attack on a fortress of the Drilae. 

15 "Ev 6 8% dv-cuevoy rov Xetplcogov, of “EAAnves 2€- 
yecay ént delay’ Zevodav 8%, AaBov Hyeudvas rev 
TpareCovvriwv, e&-jye Té Hutov Tod otparedparos els 
Aptias, 7d 8% qutov car-éAume GvAdtrev TO oTpatdTe- 
Sov. émet 5¢ of "EAAnves oay ev 17 avw xdpq, of Apirac 

20 ¢umempavtes TOAAG TOY xwpiwy an-yerav. &v 3e Hp 
xwploy pytpémoAts avtav' els rotro mdvres ovp-ep- 
punkecay. tept d€ rodTo Hv xapadpa loxup@s Babeia, cat 
mpdaodot xaAerrat mpos Td xwplov. otf d& meATacTal d:a- 
Bavtes tHv yxapddpav mpos-€BadAov mpds Td ywpiov 

25 wodAol bé Kat 3opudcpo. ovy-elmovTo avrois, Hote of d:a- 
Bavres éyévovto tAciovs 7 dts-xéAtot. 


4n awkward predicament. Xenophon to the rescue! 


"Emel 5% paxdperar ovx eduvavto AaBeiv Td ywpior, 
én-exetpouy iin am-tevat. @s 8& ovx edvvavto amo- 


VI. TRAPEZUS: AND SINOPE. 59 


otpepev, méutovot. mpos Eevoparvra’ 6 5% jyeiro tots 
OmAlrats. xat 6 HevopOv, mpos-ayaywy rovs démAlras 30 
mpos THY xapddpay, exéAevoey avrovs OécOat ta Stda° 
avros 5% d:a-Bas ody Tots Aoxayols éoxonetro Td xwptov. 
kat rots wey Aoxayovs éneue TAALY, OTws d1a-BiBdcerav 
Tovs OmAitas’ abrds 58 guevev ava-xwploas anavras tovs 
meATaoTas, Kal ovx ela avtovs dxpoBoriCecOar. émet dé 35 
of OmAtrat ijKov, éxeAcveev Exaotoy T&v AoxayGy Totjoat 
Tov éautod Adxov. 


Vigorous assault. Temporary repulse of the enemy. 


Kat of pév énolouy ratra’ 6 5& Zevodpay éxedevce 
Tous meATaotas lévas di-nyxvAw@pévous, Kal Tovs Tofdras 
lévas émi-BeBAnuevous emt tais vevpais’ exéAevoe 8 Kal 40 
TOUS yupviras exew Tas SipOepas peotas AlOov. ezret SE 
mdvta map-ecxevacto, xal  adAmy€ epbéygaro, of 
OmAtrat matavloavres EOeov Spduw* Kat Ta BéAQ spod 
€pepero, Adyxat, Tokevuara, opevddvat, wAEtoror 3& éx 
TOV xelpOv AlMov Foay Se ot Kal wip mpos-epepov. Ud 45 
3€ tov wAnOovs Tv BedAGv of modgutoe EAtTov Td TE 
oravpapara Kal ras TUpcets’ ote Ayacias kal Bird§evos, 
Kata-Oepevot Ta Onda, ev yiTGvi povoy av-eBnoay, Kar 
GANot pera Tovtous’ kal 1d xwplov HrAdKet, ws eddKet. 


The Greeks begin to plunder, but are forced to beat a retreat. 


Kat of pév meATaotat Kat of Widol els-dpapydvres 50 
hpnacoy 6 tt Exacros eédvvaro’ 6 dt ZevodGy oras cata 
Tas mUAas KaT-exwAvoe Tovs SmAfras Ew" moAgutot yap 
dAdot épaivovto én’ axpois ticty icxvpots. pera be 
GAtyov xpdvoy Kpavyn Te éyévero Evdov, kat of "EAAnves 


60 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


55 epevyov, ol pey exovres & EdaBov, of 3% Kat Terpepévor’ 
kal modus Hv @Otopos dydt ta Ovperpa. xai ol éx- 
ninrovres éAeyov Ort &xpa re ely évdov, xat moAAol woAgutor 
éy avrn, ot éx-dedpaynxdres taiovey Tovs Evdov davOparovus. 


Attack upon the inner fort, at frst unsuccessful, 


’"Evratda éxéAevoe Tov KnpuKka dyv-errety, ToUs BovAopé- 
6o vous Tt AapBavery lévar elow. Kat moAdAol els-recav, xat 
Kat-€xAevcay Tous TwoAeulous mdAw els Thy &xpay. «al 
Ta pey wo THs akpas TdvTa bi-npwdacOn, Kai of “EAAnves 
éf-exouicavro Thy Aelav’ of b€ GmAtrat COevTo ra SrAa, 
of pév audit tra oravp@uara, of 5 xara tTHy 6dov rH 
65 hépovoay én thy axpay. 6 8& Zevoddv kat of Aoxayol 
éoxdnovy el Suvardv cin AaBely tiv dxpay’ edoke 3 ai- 
Tots TO xwplov od Anaréoy etvar. evraida of “EAAnves 
jpeavro amo-xwpeiv’ yxwpotvrwy 8 aitdyv moAdol rép 
Todeulwy e€-Beov Exovres yéppa Kai Adyxas’ Kat GAAor 
yo Gv-€Bawov ent ras oikias, kai ét-éppimtoy EvAa péyada 
Gvwlev, dore xadremov Hv Kal wévery Kat am-véevas. 


The Greeks set fire to the houses. The fortress taken. 


"Ev @ 88 eudxovro Kal amopodvto, Gedy tis Sl8ocw 
airois pnxaviv owtnpias. e£amivns yap olkla tis év 
defiG  dv-dAauye, xal mavres Epevyov and tov ep 

75 Sea olay. as 5¢ 6 Zevodav euabe rodro, éxéAevev 
év-anrew Kat tas év dpiorepa olxlas, al joav fbAwat, 
dore kal Taxd éxalovro. of 8 ody moAeuoe Epevyov cal 
amo TovTwy Tv oiktGv. évTadOa éxédevoe Hepew FA 
eis TO peecov éavTdy Kal TGv ToAculwv. enel d¢ HWaAa 

80 ixava qv, €v-tay' Kal otrw pddts an-7AOov amd Tod 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 61 


xeplov, momnoduevos mip ev péow éavtav kal rap 
modeulov. Kat maca % woAts Kat-exavOn, cat al olxla 
kat ai répoets cal ra oTavpdépara Kat Ta GAAG TdvTa 
kat-exavOnoav, AY atris THs dxpas. 


No news of Cheirisophus. The Greeks leave Trapezus for 
Cerasus. 


Ty 8& torepaig of “EdAnves an-jecav exovtes Ta 85 
émirndera. ere 38 ovre Xetpicodos Trev, ovre mAota 
ixava qv, ovre ere Fv AapBdvew ta emirjdera, eddxer 
avrois dm-tréov elvat ris TpameCotvros. al els pev ra 
mAota év-eBiBacay rods Te aobevotvras Kai Tovs trép 
TeTrapdkxovta én, kat maidas Kat yuvaixas, kat T@p 90 
oxevav 80a pi dvdyxn iv exew" of 5& GAXou eropevovro 
Kata ynv. Kal ad-txvotvto mopevopevor eis Kepacodrra, 
mwédw “EdAnvida émt Oaddrrn ev ti Kodyide xopq. 
evradda euevav nuépas déxa’ cal eferacts éyiyvero xal 
apOpos ths otparias’ kal éyévovto Gxraxts-xfAtoe Kai 95 
é£axdotot. 


Among the Mossynoeci. Their barbarous manners. 


"Ex Kepacodvros 5& mopevovra émt ta Mocovvolxwv 
Spia, kat alpovor ywplov tu tyynddv ev tH exelvov xdpa. 
Ta 88 TAEloTa TOUTWY TGV xwplwy Tordde HV. ai mérELS 
an-eixyoy an ddAnAwv Scov dydonxovta orddta’ ava- 100 
Bodvrav 5& dAAnAwY ovv-jKovoy ex Ths Er€pas TdAEws 
els tHv érépav’ ottws tnd Te Kat Kolin 4 xdpa jp. 
mopevdpevot 5& of “EAAnves eldov maidds tivas Tov 
evdaiudvey oirevtots, TeOpaypevovs Kapvtois épOols, a7- 
adots xat odddpa Aevxovs, Torx(Aous SF TA VGTA Kol r04 


62 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


7a €umpoobev mavta éattypévous. amdvres b¢ of dvdpes 
kat ai yuvaixes joa Aevxol. tovrovs of orparevodmevor 
€\eyov BapBapwrdtovs etvar mdvrwv, ods di-eAOorev.  & 
TE yap OXA® GvTes evolovy Amep GvOpwrot ev epnulg adv 

110 Towjteray, povot tre dvtes Empattov Gmep per GAAwv 
Ovres mpagerav avs bi-ehé€yovtd re éavtois, cal éyédov 
ep éavtois, Kal wpxovvto Sov rvxorey dpytes, SomeEp 
€mt-deuxvdprevor GAAows THv eprrerplay. 


Cotyora. Embassy from Sinope. The Greeks enquire about 
their route. 
Ata tadtyns tis xdpas of "EAAnves eropevOnoay dxta 
115 oTaOpovs, Kal Ag-ixvodvrat els XdAvBas. evredOev ad- 
ixvodvrat els TiBapnvovs, cat peta Tadra Tmopevduevot So 
npepas ad-lkovro els Korvwpa meAw “EAAnvida. évrad6a 
Guevar ucpas tetrapdxovra mévre. ev be Tavrais 
mp@tov pev Ebvaay tots Oeois, kai enoinoay moumas Kai 
120 dy@vas yupvixots. ta 8 émrjdea eAduBavov Ta prev ex 
Ths IladAayovlas, ra 5€ ex TGv xwpiwv taév Korvwpirav. 
éy TovT Epxovrat ex Luvetys mpécBers, mpo-nydpe se 
abrév “Exarévupos, dewvds dv Adyev. ovrot 88 elzov Gre 
OUK fkotevy Totnadpevor mOAEMOV, GAAQ ém-delEovres Gre 
125 pidoe elev. ex tovrov of te Korvwpira: éneumov &éua, 
kat of otparnyot tov “EAAjvev e&évidov tots trav 
TiwwTewy mpécBes* Kat exvvOdvovro aitav epi tizs 
Aowmajs mopelas, et cata yqv 7 Kata Oddarrav déor 
mopeverOat. 


VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 63 


Answer of Hecatonymus. ‘A land journey is impossible; you 
must go by sea to Heraclea.’ 


fond 


‘O 8 ‘Exardvupos ava-ords elnex* “Olda pev Sri 130 
npeis ELouev odd trelw mpdypata, éay Kara OddAarrav 
coul(ncbe Senoes yap nuas wopiCew ta mAolae ay be 
Kata yy mopednode, tpas dSejoe etvat rovs paxopévovs. 
Suos be bef Adyeey & ytyvdoxw' Eumeipos ydp els Tis 
tév IlapAaydvev x@pas. exer 8 Kai media KdAdAtoTa 135 
Kat Opn iyndcrara’ rovtwy 8& Kat-exouévwy tnd Tv 
modeplwy, ovde of mavres GvOpwror Sivawro dv bi-edOeiv. 

el 5€ kal ddvaiode brep-Bivar ra dpn, Kat Kparhjoat Toy 
TadAaydvev év tO Tedlw, FEere eat tovs morapors, 
ap@tov pev tov Oeppoddovta, devrepov Se "Ipw, rpirov 8% 140 
“Adupv, ov ovdéva dy dvvacbe bia-Bivat dvev TAotwv’ Tis 

dé map-é£e. duiy ta wAoia; édy d¢ d:a-Byre tov “Advr, 
ag-lfea0e em tov [lapOénov, ds GBards eotiy aoatrus. 
éy® pev ovy vopllm thy Kata ynv nopelay etvat mavTd- 
macw ddvvarov’ éav 8& mAénre, evOevde juev mapa- 145 
mredoecOe els Swvdmnv, ee DSwoans be els ‘Hpd«Accav’ 
MOAAG S¢ mAoia eorw ev “Hpaxdrela.” of 5 “EAAnves, 
axovoavres Tadta, éyndioavro léva xara OdAatTav. 


Xenophon’s grand project. Silanus creates an alarm. 

"Ey d& rovT@ TG xpdve eddxer Zevoparre xaddv elvar 
wodw xat-orxloa. éy ro [dvt@, Kat oftw mpos-KTyoacGat 150 
xSpayv kal ddvauw tH ‘EAAad:. kal ént rovros éOvero 
AdOpa Tév orparwrtGv, tapa-xadéoas SiAavoy, tov K¥pov 
pave yevduevoy, 6 5% Sraves, deduas py Tadra yévorro 
kal 4 oTpaTia Kata-peiverey (€BovAeTo yap ws TaxLoTa 
ad-tkeoOat eis tiv “EdAdba), édXeye mpos Td atedrevys 195 


! 


64 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


drt ZevopGv Bovdotto oixicas méAw avrobt, cat srouyj- 
cacbat dvoua kat dvvayty Eavtg. ois 88 wodAois Toy 
oTpaTlwTGy, ene HKovoay Tadra, éddxet BéATioToy elvat 
py xara-petvat ev ro IIdvrw. Tipaclwy 8é nat Odpaf 

160 épdSynoay éumdpous Twas tap-dvtas Tv “HpaxdewrGv xat 
Swwaréov, A€yovres Sti xivdvvos ely todrAdbs, ef Tocatry 
dvvauis peiverey ev to IIdvrq. 


Timasion offers to settle the Greeks in Troas. 


Ot 5 eusopot axovoavres taira an-nyyedAov ras 
moAeot’ Sivwmets 5 Kat “HpaxAeGrat méutover mpds 
165 TOV Tyaciwva, Kai KeXevovowy abrov TEBE THY oTpaTLaVY 
e€-eXOety ex tov [Idvtov. 6 8& avA-Adas tovs orpa- 
Tiatas Adyer Tdde* “Ov Set Nuas evOdde pevew, @ dvipes, 
GAAG ws TaxioTa am-tévar ent tiv “EAAdSa. dxovw dé 
twas OvecOa ent tovTw AGOpa wav. n-vcxvoduas be 
170 Dpiv, Cay ex-m4Aenre, Tap-eLev tbpiv picOdv' Kat do spas 
els THY Tpwada, évOev elut guyds, wat H eun médus tn- 
ape. july’ Hyjoopar b@ tuas cat dddAoce, EvOev Apppeabe 
TOAAG xpyuara.” 


Xenophon’s defence. i. ‘My only object is your welfare; if 
Silanus says otherwise, he speaks falsely? 

‘O 8¢ Zevopdr ev trovt pev eaiya dorepov 3& dva- 
175 oTas elme Tdde “Eye pev, @ avdpes, Ovouar cal dep 
tyav Kal drép éuavrod, Sts tatra A€E@ Kat vojow Kat 
mpacw, & ora xdAAwora tyiv re cat éuol. Kal viv 
eOvdunv tept avrod rovrov, ef Guewov etn Aé€yew els 
tyas dmep ev ve éxw mparrew, } TavTdnace otyay wept 
180 ToUT@Y. Sidavos de 6 pavtis am-explvard pow Ta per 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 65 


tepd etvar xara édefe 3& Bre ev tots iepois galvoird tis 
ddAos Kat émBovdr enol? éylyvwoxe yap Sri avros én- 
eBovreve Sia-BadAew pe mpds tas, A€ywr ws éyw d1a- 
vooluny mpatrew tratra AdOpa tyav.” 


li, *I now give up my project; let us return to Greece.’ 


“Eyaw 6&, ef yey Edpwv tyas amopovvtas Tay émrn- 
delwv, Eoxdnovy av Toiro, Smws tyets AaBovtes mdAW 
Twa ano-TAEvoate dn, Ef BovAoiwOe ef 5 py Bov- 
Aovoe an-tévat, oxdrovy Stws evOdde pévovres xtjcaGe 
Xpnpara. éwet 3 6pO ‘Hpaxdredtas xal Swwréas 
nméumovras tiv tAota, Kal Gvdpas twas tr-toxvoupevous 
tuiy pucOov, Kxadcy por Soxet eivat yas awloudvous 
aro-tAc Kal avrds Te Tavopuar éxelyns Ths Stavolas, Kat 
tous GAdous xphval dye mavecOa, Soo. civ epuot &i- 
evoodvto tadra. ytyvdoKw yap Ste duod pev dvres 
modXol, Somep vov ore, cat evripor rece wat eLere ra 
émirndeca’ edy 5¢ Sta-omacOnTe Kai dAlyou yévynode, ovTe 
SurjocecOe apBdvew rpodyy, ovrEe KadG@s Gro-xwpeiv. 
Tauta ovv doxet euot dnep vpiv, ex-mopeverOar eis THD 
“EAAdbda’ Kal édy tis dmo-Altry jpas, mpiy Tay TO oTpa- 
Tevupa evar ey dodadrei, Todtov KpiveoOar as adixodvTa.” 


Silanus foiled in his object. New project of Timasion 
and Thorax. 
9 ? > , Q “ e 
Ext rovros Gtavres dv-ereway tas yeipas’ 6 be 
LiAavos éBda, A€ywv ws Slkaov ein an-vévat tov Bovdd-= 
pevov. of d€ otpari@rar ATElAOvY adt@ rt, ed AnWowTo 
dno-SiSpdoxovta, xoAdcevay airév. evredbev of “Hpa- 
ww“ 4 X a > SN lA e 
xAeGrat Ta pey wAola méumovot, Ta 5& xpypata, & tn 
éxxovto Tipaclwy Kat Odpakt, odx Epacay Idcew. 
¥ 


185 


190 


195 


200 


205 


66 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


évraiba 3 Tiaclwv nat Odpak, wapa-AaBdvres rods 
@dXous otparnyous, TARY Néwvos rod "Actwaiov, épxovrat 
™pos Zevopavra, xat A€yovow Sri soxet adrois Fon 

oKpatioroy elvar mreiy els Daow, xal xata-cyeiy ri 
Paciavév ydpav. Eevoddv 3é an-explvaro Stu ovx dv 
elmo. ravta els thy otparidy’ “tyets 38,” Eby, “ ovA- 
A€Lavres tovs orparudtas, et BovrAeaOe, A€yere.”’ 


Dissatisfaction of the army. Xenopbon calls a meeting. 


Oi b€ orpari@rat érvOovto radra mparrouevas Kal 6 
5 Néwy éAeyev ws Zevopey bra-vootro &yew tovs orpatisd- 
tas maAkw els Daow. adxovoavres 8 of oTpati@rat 
XaAreTas Epepoy tavta* Kat avAAoyo eylyvovTo aitay 
kat KUKAot cuv-lotavto. énel 5 EZevopov roddvero, 
edofev aiTe ws TaxloTa ovy-ayayeiy Tovs oTpaTiéras, 
iO Kal pn €Goat avtovs ovA-AEeyhvat avtouarous’ Kal éxé- 
Aevoe TOV KipuKa ovd-A€yew exxAnoiay. of 88, ezel 
WKOvoay TOD KypuKos, cvv-édpapoy pdda Etoipws. évraiba 

6 ZevopGn edrgckev ade 


Xenophon's second defence. i. ‘The reports against me are 
false; I could not deceive you if I would.’ 


‘ce? 


Axovw tiva d:a-BddAew eye, @ dvdpes, ws eyd éf- 
1B aTaTHoas Uuas méeAAw dyew els Daow. axovcate ovv 
éuov A€yovros’ Kai édy wey eyo dalvwpar adixeiv, em- 
Oére por Sixnyv' eay 5% of eye d1a-Badrdrovres halvovra 
tuty adixety, otrw xphoOe avrois, domep aéidv éare. 
tyeis 88, oluat, tore SOev FAtos dv-loyxet, kat Sov dverat* 
joxal Sre éay pév tis els thy “EAAdda méAAn lévat, ampds 
éonépay Set topeverOa, eay S¢ tis BovAnrae lévas els 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 67 


tous BapBdpous, Sre Set mopevecOar mpos Ew. enictacbe 

88 al rodro, 8rt Bopéas pev pépes ew rod Tdvrov els 
TH “EAAdéa, vdros 8 déper elow els Daow" kal A€yere, 
Stay Bopéas ven, ws Kadot mAot elow els rv “EAAdSa. 235 
tis ovy Svvatro dy éf-ararjoat tas 7 Tetoa éu-Balve, 
Stay vdros mvén 3” 


ii. ‘ Neither could I force you to accompany me. These 
calumnies proceed from pure jealousy.” - 


7 ANAG kal eddy eu-BiBdow tyas, Stay yadnvy 7, eyo 
pev év évt tAolp TAEdcopat, tpeis Se ev Exardv. ns 
ovy éyo dv Biacaluny tyas atAciv otv uot uy Bovado- 
péevous; xat 57 édv éf-ararjoas dyw tpas els Dacw, 
kal dto-Balvopey els THY xydpav, yudcerbe Ste ovK eoTE 
éy TH “EAAGSL, Kal éy@ pev Evopuat es, dpeis de Zrecde 
puplo, xovres StAa. AAG obroé elow of Adyot dvdpov 
7Alwv, ot POovodcw pol, Sti éy@ tipGua bh dyav. 245 
xaitot ov dixaims ye dv por POovoiev’ eyo yap Kodvo 
ovdéva avtav 7 A€yeww wept Tod Kowvod dyafotd 7 wd- 


& 


40 


xeoGar inép tuey te xai éavrod. GAAG TadTa pev apxei 
éuol, & elpnxa wept rovtwv’ el dé Tie HuGy GAAo Tt doxel, 
AeEdtw.”’ 250 


Xenophon accused of harsh dealing. A witness examined. 


"Ex tovrou mdvres dv-toTdpevos €Aeyov Tovs TOV ZeEvo- 
gévra s:a-Baddvras dSodvat Sixnyy edofe 5 Kal Tous 
otpatnyovs tmo-cxety Slkny trav évy TO mpdcbev xpdvw 
menpaypevov.,  évrav0a 37 Kar-nydpnody ties EZevo- 
qdavros, pdcxovres tralecOat tm avrod év rH mopeiq. 255 
Kat 6 Zevopav éxédrevoe Tov TpGrov AeLavtoa. nev Tod 

) F 2 


68 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


kal émAnyn. 6 88 dn-explvato’ “"Orov an-wrdAvpeba TO 
flyer, cal xiv amArclorn q.? 6 8 Zevopav etner 
S?7ANAQ pny, el ev ToLovTm Kap TBpifov, dpodroya 

260 UBpiotdrepos etvar TOv Gvev Spws Se wal A€fov, da 
tl énAnyns’ werepoy frovy ti ce, kal Enatoy oe, eel 
pot ovK edid0us ; 7) am-jrouy TL; 7) MEeOvwY oe BBprfov ;” 
evel 5¢ 6 duyp elwevy ovdev etvat tovTwr, 6 Hevoday 
én-npero avrov ef omAtrevot. obK en 6 avip. madw 

265 jpeTo avrop el meATACoL. ode rodTo Edy, GAAA éAadvEW 
jplovoy kedevobels tnd Tay ovoKHVeY. 


Barbarity of a soldier towards bis comrade. Xenophon 

amply justified. 

"Evradda 8) 6 Zevopar dv-eyiyvwoxev aitov Kat qpero° 
 °H ob ef 6 tov xdpvovra dyayov;” “Na,” épn é dvip, 
«© ob yap qudykatés pe todTo TotRoa b1-éppuas 38 Ta 

270 TOV éuay ovoKyvey oxe’yn.” “AAG 7 pev didpprfis,” 
épn 6 Revopar, “ Gdé mws eydveto’ bi-edoxa Ta oKEdN 
GAAos dyew, Kat éxécdevoa dn-ayayeivy ata mpos eye 
kat dro-AaBov an-dwxd cot &ravra oGa, ened} Kal ov 
dn-édegas euot tov dvdpa. tyeis 6& axovcare oloy rd 

275 mpaypa éyévero. avnp xat-edelnero 81a TO pnKére dv- 
vaoOar tmopevecOar Kat éy® nudyxaod oe adyew avrop, 
Stas pn am-ddotro’ Kal yap ToAgutoe €d-elxovtTo tpiv. 
evel 5¢ exéAevoad oe mpo-tévat, Borepov Kat-éAaBdv ce 
épurrovra BdOpov, ws Kxat-opvfovta rov &vOpwmov. énet 
280 6€, Tap-eoTyKdTwY nuay, 6 avip cuv-exauWe TO oKEAos, 
ob map-ovrés ovv-expayon Ste (an od de eles, ‘ Eire (, 
elre TéOunxev, Eywye ovx Aw aitdv. evtaiOa éxaid 
ae dofas yap pot eld€vas Ore 6 dvnp ey.” “Ti ovv;” 
chy, “qrrdy te am-lavev, émel eyo cor an-ddeifa 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 69 


avtév;” “Kai yap queis,” épn 6 Zevodar, “mdvres amo- 285 
Oavotpeba® Tovrou ovv Evexa det nyuas {avras KaT-opvyO7- 
93 a € C omy a , 
vat;” évtat0a wdavres av-éxpayoy as 6 Revopov rraicevev 
9 3 
avroy éAlyas wAnyds. 


Xenophon continues his defence. i. ‘My seeming harshness was 
justified by circumstances.’ 

“O 8€ Zevodav éxédevey GAdovs Adyew 8a tl Exacros 
éxAnyn. émei 5é oddels dv-lorgro, avros e\eyev* “?Eya, 290 
® dvdpes, GuoroyS naioa by dvdpas évlore, Soot AtwdvTes 
Tas Tafers Kal mpo-Oéovres HOeAov apndcew re Kal wAEov- 
exrety Mov. el 38¢ mavres Emo.otuey TodTo, anavtes 
ay am-wrdpeOa. énaica S€ Kal twas dva-navopeévous 
kat ovx e0éAovtas av-loracOat, cat éBracduny Totodrous 295 
mopevecOa, Kat yap ey to loxupe xepdare xadrendv Fv 
kat éuavr@, xad-eCouer@ Toddv xpdvov, ava-orhvat Kat 
éx-retvat TA oKéAn. 81a TovTO odv, SmoTE oun ZAAOv 
ria Ka0-juevoy Kat BAaxevovta, HAavvov airdéy' Td pev 
yap KtivetoOat map-etxe Oeppaclay riva Kat dypdrynta, bd 300 
8é rod xab-foba td TE alua émjpyvuTo Kal of SdxrvAot TOV 
moo@y am-eonmovro’ Gmep moAAot Kal tpav énabor. 
dAdous 5€ ye lows amo-AEvtopévous ev TH 6d@ Kal Ko- 
Avovras TO oTpdtrevpa TopeverOas exatoa TUE, StS pH 
malowro tats Tay moAEplwv Adyxats. 305 


ii, ‘ Now that we are out of danger, I am no longer severe.’ “if 
iii, ‘I demand justice at your hands,’ 

“Kal ef pev emi dyab@ éexddacd tia, af:6 roradrny 
Sodvat Slknv, olay Kat yovets did0dcw viots Kal diddoxKador 
maol. el 88 voulteré we ratra mparrew tBper, év-Ovpy- 
Onre rt viv ey Opacdvrepds elus 7 tére, Kal mivw TrEla 


70 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


310 otvov, GAN’ Suws talw ovdéva’ 6pG yap tpas dvras év 
evdiqg, Sray be xemav 7, lore Ste Kal pixpod Evexev 
Guaprnwatos 6 pey mpwped’s xadetraiver tois év mpdpa, 
6 Se xuBepryjrns xaderalve: trols ev mpturn ev yap To 
TOLOUT® Kalp@ kal pikpad GuapTiuara eu-Tomoe peydAras 

315 ovpdopds. Oavpdtw dé Ori, el pev Tue buGv an-nyOdopunr, 
péuynobe tovrov, eb dé triva ed enolnoa h en-jvera 7 
€riunoa, ovdels pepvntar tovrwy. dAAa py Kaddv ye 
gor. kal Sixatoy peprncda tév dyadGy paddov 7 Tov 
Kax@v.” ex Tovtov pey b7 av-ictavto Kal én-nvouy rov 

320 EevopGvra’ kal mavra mept-eyeveto ote xadGs exeu. 


Embassy of the Paphiagonians. The Greeks entertain the 
ambassadors. 


Kat of pev “EAAnves, &ws évraida euevov, édAni{ovto 
thy TladAayoviav: of 5¢ TlagAaydves éxaxovpyouv Tovs 
"EAAnvas avtl rovrov. Kopvdas 8 6 IladAayovias 
apxov néume. mpécBets mapa tovs “EAAnvas, A€yortas 

325 Gte KopvAas Erowuos ein pidos elvat rots “EAAnow, dore 
pyte aduxety pyre adixetaOar, of 5& orparnyot am-expl- 
vavto Ott wept ev ToUTwy BovdEvoowTo oby TH oTpaTLG, 
éd€xovto 8 avrovs as Edvous. Ovcavres 5% Bots xa 
dAAa lepeia éSelavour Kat exwov obv airois. 


The entertainment begins with a Thracian pantomime. 


330 “Emel d¢€ onovdal re éyévovro kat emaavicay, mp@Tov 
S = b) / ? , \ ey NX bY 
bev OpGkes av-cotnoav Kal @pxjoavto mpds avAdv ovv 
rots OmAots, Kat 7AAovTO Kovgws, Kal éxpGvto ois 
payalpas. tédos de 6 Erepos émaice tov Erepov, kar 
maow eddxet Tov Gvdpa teOvnxevar’ 6 be Emece TexviKws 


VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 71 


amws, kat of TladAaydves dv-éxpayov’ kat 6 pev AaBwv 335 
ta Onda tod Erépou eyes ddwy tov Tlradkav’ dAdot 

dé trav Opaxav ef-epepoy tov Erepoy ws teOvnKdta’ 
emeTrov0et S5é ovdév. 


The ‘Carpaian’ dance described. 


Mera roito GAAot dv-éotnoav, Kal @pxovvtTo Thy 
Kapratay dpxynow év tots StAos’ 6 8 tTpdmos Tis 340 
dpxjoews Ode yy. 6 pev tapa-Oeuevos Ta StAa omeipet 
kat CevynAaret, moAAdKis otpedduevos as poBovpevos” 
repos 5€ ws AnoThs mpos-épyerat. 6 Se id@v Tov 
Anorny apmrate. ta Sada, kat pdaxerar tmép tod Cedvyous* 
Kat TéAos 6 Anois Syoas Tov dvdpa am-dyet airy TE 345 
kab TO Cedyos. évlore 5& nat 6 CevynAdrys vik Tov 
Anormy: etra dyoas drlow rH xeipe Gn-eAadvet aitdv. 


A Mysian performance. War dances. The Pyrrhic dance. 


Mera totdto Muvoos els-njrAOey éxwy méAtyv ev Exarepa 
TH xetpl. kal tore pév wpxetro, as dvoty avti-rarropevoww 
aitG, Tore 5% éxpiro tats mwéATats @s Tpods Eva, Tére Se 350 
édwelro cal é&-exvBiora éxwv Tas méATas’ Kal dys KaA} 
épaivero. rtédos 5& wpxeiro Td Tleporxdy, kpotvwv 
ras méAras, cat @xAate «al é£-avloraro’ Kat ézolet 
Taira mdvra éy pvOu@ mpos Tov avrddv. évradOa els- 
idvres of Mavtweis cat dAAoe twes trav *Apxddwy ef- 355 
oT\todpevot, eody Te évy pvOua, kat ematavicay Kat 

PEvol, 7] PUT, 

@pxnoavro. of 8 TladAayoves opavtes eOadpacov 
maoas Tas dpxnoes evar év Smrots. 6 5€ Muads dpa 

> N J b] , 
avrous Oavuddovras els-dyet dpxnotplda, oxevacas 
avTyy @s ed0vatro xKaAAtora, kal dots atrq aarlda 260 


72 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


xovgnv. 7 8 Spxnoato THy Ilupplynvy opxnow édradg- 
pas. évtad9a xpdros qv moAvs’ kat toiro 7d TéAos 
TAUTH TH VvuKTi eyévero. 


Terms of peace concluded. The Greeks sail to Sinope. 

Ty 5¢ torepaia of orparnyot mpos-jyov Trovs mpéaBets 

365 eis TO oTpaTevpa: xat oe rols oTparidrais pyTe GdiKeiy 

IlapAaydvas pyre adixetoOa tn’ airov. era TovTo 

: of piv mpéoBets @xovto’ of 5¢ “EdAnves, éretd) mAota 

ixava, @ddxes tap-eivat, dva-Bdvres ExAcoy uépay «al 

vixta mvedpatt KaA@. Kat ad-txduevot els Lwvomnv 

370 wpuloavto els “Apununv, Apeva tis LuwdTys. Dwo- 

mets 88 méumovor Fria tois “EAAnow, GAdira xat 
olvoy. 7 


CHAPTER VII. 


SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 


Cheirisophus returns. Xenophon is offered the sole command. 


Kai éy ravrn th ‘Appyvn of “EAAnves Euervay tyepas 
nmévre ey 5& tovT@ Xewpicopos HAPev éx Bufavriov Eww 
tpinpn. of 8& orpariGrat, ws eddxoww dn ylyvecOa 
eyyts tijs "EAAddos, én-eOdpouv paddrAov 7 mpdobev ad- 

5 txeoOat olkade. edo€ev ovy avdrois éhécOat &va dpyovrra, 
kal rpatduevoe ent tov ZevodGvra emeMov airov dé- 
xecOar THv dpxynv. 6 5& éBovrAeTo piv apxew, vopl{wv 


VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 73 


Typ éauTp pel{o obrws dv yevécOar Snore 8 ad év- 
Ovpotro dts td péAAov AdnAdv éote tavtt dvOpa7@, Kal 
Sts 30a rovto xlyduvos elm ph amo-Bddot Kal Thy Tp0- 
eypyacperny ddfav, HTopeiro. 


Xenophon interprets the omens, and refuses the command. 


"Atopoupév 8 aire edofe xpdricroy etvar dva- 
Kow@cat Tots Oeois’ Kal Overo ro Aut tH Bacrdrct, dre 
Gnd tovtov tot Deo evduitey Ewpaxévas 1d dvap, 5 
eBdev Ste mpGrov npéOn Epxwv ris otparias. kal Sre 
@pparo é& *Edécov ovp-yaxotpevos Kipw, dv-euip- 
vyoxero derov pbeyyduevov ev rH defia, Kxad-nyevov 
dé Kat Ste 6 pdvris tére €deye péyay peyv tov olwvdy 
elvat, énimovoy p&ro, Ta yap spvea epn pddAtora ém- 
riderOar tS aero Kab-nuévo* tov 8% olwvoy odx evar 
XPnMarioTiKOy, Tov yap derov TeTOuEvoY paALtoTa Aap- 
Bavew ra émirndera. ottw by viv 6 beds d:adavds 
€onpnvey atta Ovoueve pn aro-déxecOat Thy apxyv. 


Cheirisophus is elected. Voyage to Heraclea. 

"Emel 5¢ 6 Zevopdy oix edéfaro riyv apxny, of otpa- 
Ti@tat elAovro Xetploodov. 6 S€ map-eAdov eiter 
AAA, @ dvdpes, rodro pev lore, Sri ovK dv eywye 
éoractafov, ef GAAov efrAcaOe’ emel 5é Cue efrAeoOe, nai 
eyo meipdoouas moeiy tas 8 te av Bivwpa ayabdv. 
Kat duets otrw tapa-oxevdferbe els aiiptov, as mAev- 
oduevot. 6 S& TAOvs éotat els “HpdxAccay énedav de 
Z\Owpev exeice, BovdevocueOa mept trav GAdrAwv.” éy- 
rev0ey mapa-tAevoavtes dd-(xovto els “Hpdxderav’ xal 
ot “HpaxAcGrat wéunovor férma tots “EAAnow, dAdita 
kal owov kal Bots etxoot cat ots Exatdv. 


25 


3° 


74 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


Ungracious conduct of some of the Greeks. The Heracleans 
menate War. 

35 Ot 8€ orpari@rat ovdA-Aeyéevtes EBovdAevovto wept Tis 
Aourns wopelas, worepov Kata yy 7} xara Oddarray 
mopeutéov etn ex tod IIdvrov. Avxwy 5% "Axatds efze 
“ Oavyudlw piv, @ Gvdpes, Srt of orparnyot od mEeipavrat 
éx-ropifew uiy xpyyata’ tadra yap ra éma od yevy- 

40 cerat otrla TpiGy nuEepGy TH oTpaTia. enol ody doxet 
aireiy tovs “HpaxAcGras pH éAarroy f tpts-xiAlous 
kutiknvous, Kat meumew mpéoBes mpos THy wéAw wept 
TovTwy. eévreddey méutrovot Avcwva xat KadAlpaxov 
kat ‘Ayaoiav' ovro. édOdvres EdXeyov Ta dedoypeva. 

45 ol 5¢ ‘HpaxAeGrat dxovoavres tatra épacay Bovdre- 
cecbar, cal evOis cuv-jyov Ta xpypwata éx tOy aypav 
kal al mvAae éxéxAewro xal GtAa édaiveto ent tay 
TELXODV. 


Threefold partition of the army. Numbers in each division. 


"Ex rovrov ot * Apkddes kat ot "Axatot ovv-toTdpevor 

50 édeyov, ws aloxpov etm Eva ’AOnvaioy apxew TleAomov- 
vnotwy cal Aaxedaipovloy. jv b¢ TH adAnOela trep-jpov 
rod GAov otparevuaros Apxddes xat’Ayaol. odrot odv 
Zdeyov ds Séor éA€oOar EavtGv orparnyods, cat Kad’ éav- 
rovs movetoOat Ti wopelay. Tadra édofe* Kat of ’Apxddes 
55 kal "Ayatol, dmo-Aimdvres Xewpicomoyv cal Eevoderra, 
ouv-cornoav, cat efAovro otparnyovs éavr@y déxa. ex 
rovtov TO otpdrevpa ylyverar tpixn, ’Apxddes peév cal 
’Axatot mAelous 7 TeTpaxis-x(Atot, GwAirar mavres’ Xet- 
pioddw 8% Foay smAirar pev Terpaxdotor Kat xlrrow, 
6o meAraotat 8 énraxdovor Bevopdrre 8 Foav saAtras 


VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 75 


Méy éntaxdotot, meATaoTal 8& rpiaxdc.or’ otros Be pdvos 
elxey inmxov, dul tertapdxovra trnéas. 


The Arcadians attack the natives, and are defeated by them. 


Kai of pév ’Apxddes mpGrot mA€ovot, cat damo-Bal- 
vovow eis Kadmns Améva, cata péoov tis év "Acia 
Opdxys. evredOev eropevovro eis Tas mpGTas Kamas" 6s 
kal émi-meadvtes toils Opati rh vorepaia EAaBov moAAhv 
Aeiavy. of 8 Opaxes of Sia-puydvres HOpoiCovro’ xa 
| ap@tov pev eént-tidevrat TO Dulkpntos Adxw, évds Tov 
’Apxdd@y otpatnyGv, Kat dmo-xreivovow airdy TE Tov 
Lpixpyra Kat tous GAAovs mavras. GAAov Se Adyov, 70 
dv “Hynoavipos etxev, dxt® povous xat-éAimoy (Gvtas" 
kat avros ‘“Hyjoavdpos éodOn. Kat of pev &AAot Aoyayot 
ouv-ndOov’ of 5€ Opaxes ovv-eX€yovTo THs vuKtos ToAAol. 
Kal Gua nuépg érdrrovro Kikkw mept tov Addor, évOa of 
"EAAnves éotpatomedevovro, kal mpos-€BadAov mpos Tovs 75 
tov ‘EAnvev 6nAlras, cat érirpwoKxov modAovs* TéAos 52 
of Opaxes elpyov avtods xal dm6 Tov tdaros. eet be 
atropla Hv, Si-eAéyovto rept omovddy. émel 58 of “"EAAnves 
yrovy dSpnpovs, of Opaxes ovx ediSocav, of pev 57 
’"Apxddes otras Expafav. 80 


Xenophon marches to their relief. 


Xetplooos de, wef mopevdpevos 51a Tis xopas mapa 
Oddatrav, ad-ikveirar eis KdAmns Atpeva’ Zevodar 82, 
AaBov tAota, amo-Baiver emit Ta Spia rys Opaxns xal 

? Poy 
vn e v4 fel td Q nn 
Tis Hpaxdewridos. évred0ev mopevduevos S14 THs pEero- 
yalas év-ruyxaver mpeoBeot Topevopevots Tot’ Kal npwTa 85 
avrovs, et mou aladowro GAAov oTparedpartos “ENAnvurod. 


= 


76 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,. 


ot 8 revo Bre of *Apxddes woAtopKoivro emi Addov, ot 
8¢ Opiixes mavres mepi-kexuxAwpevo, elev atrovs. &- 
tadda okey aitG Bonbeiv trois avdpdow erepwe Se 

90 Tipaclwva ovv rois trnetot oxotety 76 Euttpooder, Srws 
undey AdOot avirods. tap-émeuwe 58 cal Tov yupryjTov 
tivas els Ta Gxpa, éxeAeve Se xalety Gmavra, Sca épGev 
kavoua. of 5€ éxolovy Tadra’ wore maca 7 x@pa eddxet 
aldecOat, at TO orpdrevpa etvas TOAD. 


No tidings of either army. All meet again at Calpe. 

95 “Apa. 38 77) Myepg ovv-Tafduevor ws els pudxnv enoped- 
ovto 7) édvvavto TdxtoTa. Tiactwy 5% nal ot tameis 
-Mpo-edavvovtes ah-ixovro ént rov Adov, &vOa of “EAAn- 
ves €moAtopkovvTo’ Kal ovK dpa@ow ovre plrtov otte 
ToA€uioy orpdtrevpa. Kat TO wey mpGrov ebavpacoy rf 

100 €ln TO yeyevnuevoy’ enetra dé éxuvOdvovro Sr. of pev 
OpGxes an-jecay ths éomépas, of 5¢ “EAAnves Gua rH 
nvepa’ Sot Se ofxowrTo ovdels HOet. of 5% dul Bevo- 
@Gvta axovocaytes tatra émopevovto, BovAduevor as 
TaxtoTa oup-ylfar rots GAAots els Kadans Ayséva. al 

105 Topeuvdpevot Edpwy Tov oTlBov tay ’Apxddwy Kat ’Ayardv 
kata thy dddv. emet 8 ovv-RAPov, Aopevol re eldov 
GAAnAovs kal jnomd(ovtro Gomep adeAgovs. Kal ravTny 
THY hpepay nurdovro emt tot alytadod mpds tH Atuéne. 


Description of the harbour of Calpe. 


“O &8& KdAmns Awuhy xetra dv wéow “Hpaxdelas cai 

110 BuCaytiou’ gore Se év TH Gaddrry mpo-Kelpevoy xwplov, 
TO pev adtod els tyv Oaddrray xa0-fxoy métpa éoriy 
dmoppo& 6 8& adx7y rod xwplov, 6 els Thy yiv dv-ixwv, 


VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. "4 


pddtora rerrdpwv mAcOpwyv ott 1d evpos’ Td Be evros 
Tod avyévos xwplov éoriy txavdv pupiots dvOperots 
olkjoat. Ayy Se Kelrac bxd adthH TH werpa, Exov 
alytadéy apds éorépay. xpyvn St Hdéos Bdaros fet emt 
airy thy Oadatray td TH emexpatelq Tod yxwptdv. 
Eira 8€ éort mOAAG xal KadAd vavinynoia ent adry 
TH Oaddrrn. 1d 88 dpos els pecdyatay pev dv-He 
émt elxooe cradlous, Kat todrd éore yeddes cat GAcOor' 
mapa S& Oddatray map-jKet TA€oy 7 emt elxooe oradlovs, 
kat dacv éore woAdois Kal peyadots EvAots. 7 5 GAAN 
xépa Kady éort, cal x@pal elow év airy moAdal xal 
ed olxodpevar’ 4 yap yh pepe: kal xpiOas Kal mupods Kal 
dompia kat peAlvas cal onoapa Kat coxa Kat aumédovus 
kal Ta GANa wdpra, TAHY eAaGy. 7 wey XSpa Av Toravry’ 
of 5 “EAAnves Coxyjvouy ev te alytaA@ mpds TH Oadarrp. 


Resolution passed not to divide the army again. Want 
of provisions. Sacrifices unfavourable. 


"Evradda Eueway judpas dvo° tH Se tpiry quepa of 
oTpariGrat mdvres ovy-fAOov, Kai émouoavto ddypa, ef 
tis borepoy pvnodeln Biya Tovey TO oTpdrevpa, Cnus- 
odcOat attrév Oavdtw. xat Xeiploopos piv fon ére- 
redeuTynKker’ Néwy && ’Aowaios map-édaBe thy éxelvov 
apxnv. pera tadta of otparnyot eOvovro ent rH mopela’ 


115 


120 


130 


7a dé lepd ovx éylyvero kad. éx Tovrov of otpati@rat | 


nx9ovro’ Kal ydp ra émrjdea én-éAtmev advtois, Kat 
ayopa ovdeula map-nv. svv-eXOdvtwy S€ avrav 6 Zevo- 
pav einer’ "QO, avdpes, ent pev tH topela, as dpare, 
Ta lepa ovmw yiyverat Kadd, 6p 8 styas deouévous 
ray émityndelwv’ Soxel ody pos dvayxn etvar OverOar rept 


78 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


140 TovUToUv.” Kal mdAw eOvero els tpis, kal ra tepa ovx éyiy- 
veto Kadd. 6 5¢ Eevoday oix .édn ef-ayayely av rods 
otpariwras, el py ylyvorro ta lepd Kadd. Kal mdAw 
tH vorepalg eOvovto, Kal oxedov Taca H oTpaTLa exuK- 
Aodro epi Ta iepd> Kal mpdBara pev odxér iv, mpid- 

145 wevor 5¢ Bods eOvovto’ GAA’ ov8e otrw Ta lepa éyévero 
Kadd. 


Unsuccessful expedition of Neon to procure provisions. 


Néwy 52, dp@v rots dvOpémovs dSewds Exovtas TH 
évdeig, EBovAeTo yxapiferat avrots* xal etpov Tiva 
dvOpwnov “Hpaxreatnv, ds pn xopas etvar eyyis, bbe 

150 AaBotevy ta emrndera, exnpvfe mavtas tovs BovAopévous 
lévar émt ra e@mirndeca. kat e&-epyovrat as bis-yiAoe 
dvOpwnot. émel S5¢ Foay év rats x@pats Kal d.-eo7«l- 
povro ém 7rd AapBdvew, of PapvaBd ov imneis ém- 
alarovow avtois, cat dmo-xrelvovow ov pelov  wevta- 

155 Koolous’ ot d5€ Aoumol dv-épuyoy ent Td dpos. ex Tovrov 
dr-ayyédAet tis Tadra To Zevodparvte 6 5¢ Body oda- 
yracdpevos eBonber, cat ovv aire énlrexroe avdpes' 
of 3€ dva-AaBdvres rovs Tepevydras Ad-txvotvra els 
To otparénedov. Kat fon pev dudt friov dvopas jv’ 

160 kal é£amlyns Tov BiOvvGy tives emi-riOeuevoe Tots mpo- 
gvdaft tos pév Kart-exrewav, Tors dé ediwfay péxpr 

_ rod otparonmédov. Kat of “EAAnves éSpapyov els ta Sada: 
kat Sidxew ev Tovs toAgulous vuxtds ovK adodares eddxet 
evar’ év 5€ rots SmAows Si-nyayoy THY viKta, pvdAarro- 

165 evou ixavots pvdAage. 


VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 79 


The Greeks fortify their position. An excursion determined upon. 
Neon is left to guard the camp. 


"Apa d€ TH Huepa of otparnyot jyodvTo els Td epupvor 
xepiov’ of 5 elmovro dva-AaBdvres ta StAa Kal ra 
oxevn. tply 8€ dpicrov pay elvat, an-erddpevoay 
tv eloodoy els TO xwplov, kal dn-eotavpwoay array, 
kata-Aimovtes tTpeis mUAaS. Kat mAotoy Kev ef “Hpa- 
kAelas Gyov GAdira kai fepeta nat otvoy. d1a-Bdvres 
5€ tHv tadpoy evto tra SmAa, Kal exypvfav Tovs 
otpatiaras éf-tévat ody Tois Smdots, Tov be SyAov xal 
Ta dydpdmoda Kata-pévey aitot. of péev 8) GAA 
navres e€-rjecav, Néwy d€ od e&-nev eddxer yap Kda- 
Aucrov elvat Kata-Aimely todroy gvAaxa tév ey TG 
otparoméd@. Kat obror pev Euevov, of &€ GAAOL ézo- 
pevovro. 


The Greeks hesitate about crossing a ravine. Xenophon exhorts 
them to proceed. 


TlopevOevres 5¢ dn Ew tay Kopay édAduBavov ra 
émirndeca’ Kal efanlyns épGor rovs modeuiovs trep- 
BadAovras kata Adgous twas éx Tod evavriov, imméas 
T€ moAAous kal weCovs. met 5€ of wodgutoe xat-eidov 
tous “EAAnvas, éotnoav of 3 “EAAnves apo-jeoay. 
eel 8€ of iyyovpevor eyevovto emi vame peyddAw xal 
dvomdpy, eoTnoav, ayvoodvres ef TO vamos b1a-Baréov 
ein. Kal Tap-eyyvGot tovs otparnyods Kat Aoxayods 
map-tevat eis TO mpdcbev. Kal 6 Eevoddv, Oavydoas 
& re toxoe tHy mopeiay, édavver as TaxtoTa, evel 5€ of 
otpatnyot ovv-nAdov, édrAcfe roiade’ “Nov tore, @ 
‘Gvdpes, Ste duayel pev otx eorw évOdvde dn-edrOciy’ 


170 


175 


180 


185 


19a 


80 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


éay yap pt} Hyets lopev emt tovs moAculous, ovrot eovra 
Kat émi-mecodvrat nuiy. Kal TO pey an-tévat and ToAE- 
plov ovdapas Kaddy oti, To 5€ ed-érecOar ep-more? 
Odppos Kat trois xaxloor. Oavyddw bé ef tis voplfer 

195 TOUTO TO vamos pmaAAovy goBepov elvat trav GAAov 
xoplwv, dv d.a-wemopedpeOa. emet 3€ Ta Tepa viv 
Kadd oti Huiv, topev emt rots dvdpas. ov det ere 
tovtous, émet eldov Tuas, nd€ws Semvjoa, ovde oKy- 
vhoat Sov dp Oédwor.” 


Preparations for the attack. The watchword, 
Victorious charge. 


200 «= Tatra eimay jyeiro, tap-ayyelAas dia-Balvey rd 
vatros  Exaotos érdyxavey Gv. ene 5€ mavres &- 
éBnoav, teraypéevor ent pddayyos Kal troimodpevot tous 
‘meAtactas éxarépwlev, emopevovto ent tovs ToAgutous. 
map-nyyéAAero 5€ ra prev Sdépara exe emt rod defiov 

205 Gpuov, Ews onuatvos TH cddAmyye emeata dé Kad-cévras 
avra els mpoBodny ExecOat Badyy, cat pr didxe Spduy. 
éx rovrov cvvOnpua map-jyee ZEYS TQTHP, “HPAKAHS 
“HTEMQN. of 8€ woAguoe ta-uevov rods “EAAnvas 
mpos-tdvras, émel 5€ émAnolacov, of meATacral dAa- 

aioAdfavres cov ent rods modgulovs’ of 5€ modr€ptoe 
ppnoav dyrlo, cat érpérovro tous meAtactds. dAAG 
evel 7 pddray€ rar éadtTay br-nvriae raxd mopevopeyn, 
cat dua 7» odAmyf épbey£aro, cai of "EAAnves érrardvicov, 
kat dua xaO-lecay ta ddpara, évravOa of modeptoe odKére 

als édefavto avTovs, GAAd Edevyov. Kail Tyaclwy exov 
tous innéas ép-elmero. Kai dm-éxteway Tov ToAEuion 
SoovoTep edvvavTo. 


Vil. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 81 


Complete rout of the enemy. The Greeks raise a trophy. 


Tay d& woAdcuinv 76 pay evavupov eEvOds b1-eonmdpn, 
70 Se defidv crv-éorn eal Adhov. met SF of “EAAnves 
_ €Bov adrovs iao-pévortas, eddxer pgorov eivar lévat 75y 
én’ avrovs. matavlcavres oty evOds én-éxewTo adtois’ 
of 3& ody tr-eueway. Kat évrav0a of meATacTal édlwxov 
kat d:-éome:pay Td Se€idv adrav’ dAlyo. 5& da-éOavor 
of yap twmets tGy toAeuiwv, moAAol Ovres, PdBov Tap- 
eixov. met 8 of “EAAnves eldov 1d Te DapvaBad ou 
inmuxoy ére ouv-eatnkos, Kal Tovs BiOuvots inmndas 7dy 
avv-abpor(ouevous emt Adgov Tivds, eddKee avrots lévar 
Kat ént rovrovs, as py) teOappnKdres dva-mavoawTo. 
ovy-rafduevor 89 mopevovra. évredbev of modgmor Ir- 
mets petyovot Kata Tod Adgov, domep. diwxdpevot td 
imméwy’ vdtos yap wn-edexero atrovs, 5 of “EAAnves 
ovK qoecay. of && éx-av-eAOdvTes Kal oTnodpevor Tpd- 
maoy an-yecay ént OddAatray wept HAlov dvopds. 


Cleander arrives from Byzantium. Dispute about the spoil. 


Ol 82 °EAAnves évrad0a gyevov KAgavdpov tov ev Bu- 
Cavtly dpyoorhy, kal ras tpinpets Kai Ta mAoia. Kat ws 
pev TO oTpdrevpa Kxata-pévor dva-navdpevov, ¢&-nv Tots 
orpariitats lévar emt Aelav, nat of e&-cdvTes éAdpBavov 
avriy’ éadre 5% wav 7d oTpdrevpa ef-ior, ef Tis xwpls am- 
ehOdv AdBot rt, Zokev elvar Inpdorov. kat év rovTw 6 
Krdavdpos ag-txvetrat Exwy dv0 Tpiypets, TAOtOY 5& ovder. 
7o 58 orpdrevpa ériyyavey ew dv, Gre ad-lkero’ Kal 
dAAot Twes @xovto xupls ent Aelav, ot elAjheoay TOAAG 
apdGara* oBovpevor 5& wy orepndetey rovTwy, A€yovct 

G 


220 


230 


235 


240 


82 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Ackinng te Adxevt ro apaypa, cal KeAevovow adrov 
245 dva-c@oat avrois Ta mpdBata, xai Ta pey Eavt AaBeiv, 
7a d¢ opiow dno-dobvat. 


Serious disturbance in the army. Cleander threatens 
extreme measures. 

Evdis 5¢ 6 A€fimnos an-cAadver Tovs TeEpt-EoTaTas, 
kat Adyovras Sri ratra etn Sydow Kat A€ye TH 
KAedpy@, Ott of otparia@rat ém-yeupotow dapndacew. 

2506 d3& xedever Gyew mpos éavroy rov dpmdovra. xal 
6 pey Adfimnos AaBav yé twar "Ayacias be adg- 
aipetrat airov. ot S€ GAAoL oTpari@rae emt-xeEtpodvor 
BadAev tov Adfimmov’ moAdol 3e Kal Trav tpinpitay 
deloavres Edvyoyv eis tHv OdAarray avros be 6 KAe- 

255 avdpos épevye, kai dmo-mAevoeaOar eqn, cai xypifew 
pndeplay aodAw bSéxec0at avrovs, as Gvtas aoAeplovs. 
(of 38 Aaxedatudroe tére Fpxov TdvTey tGv ‘EdAjvor). 
évrat0a of “EAAnves éd€ovtTo avrod py moety radra. 
6 dé ovx edn yevéoba dv GAdws, el py éx-dotey tov 

260 dp&duevov Bade tov Aéfimmov Kat tov ad-eAdpuevoy 
Tov dvdpa. 


Agasias offers to surrender himself. 

Kal évreiev of d&pxovres ovv-iyayov 76 oTpdrevpa: 
kat "Ayaclas dva-otas elev’ ““Yyets yey, & dvdpes, 
pn ex-BGré pe’ éy@ 8% wapa-cxjow euavrov Kiedvdpy, 

265 mojoar & te dv BotAnra. peta tadra éemopevovro 
apos KAéavdpoy ’Ayactas cal of otparnyot cat 6 avip 
6 adp-aipeDels tnd ’Ayaolov. kal 6 “Ayacias etwev 
“Ryd elut, @ KAréavdpe, 6 ad-eAdpevos tod Aciamov 
tovroy Tov dvdpa. totrov pty yap oda advdipa dvra 


VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 83 


ayadov, Aé&ummov 8% olda deAdy te Gvra Kal Tovnpdv. 270 


aipedeis yap tnd Tis oTparias Apyew wevTnKovrdpov, 7s 
ntnodpela apa TpaneCourrlwy, 6 Aé€fimmos dn-éSpa, 
kal mpo-édwxe tovs oTpariuétas. TovTou ovv, ToLovToOV 
Ovtos, ap-etAdunv tov avdpa, el S€ od an-fyes adror, 
7 GAXOos Tis TOY Tapa cot, ovK dv énoinca oddév Tov- 
tov, éay b€ viv admo-xtelyys eué, amo-Kreveis dvdpa 
dyadoy 0 dvdpa serdv te Kai movnpdv.” 


The cause pleaded. Cleander reserves bis decision. 


*Axovoas zatta 6. KAéavdpos etrev? “’Eyad pev ovk 
én-awd Ackirnmov, el memoinxe Tatra’ ov pévrot xpi 
atrov Tacyxew Biav, GAG xplvecOa. viv odby an-treE 
kata-hundvres tévde Tov dvdpa’ Grav be éy@ Kedredoo, 
mwap-eore tpos THY Kplow. alriGuat 5 ovre THY oTpa- 
riay ovre GAAov ovdéva, evel ovTos Guodoyel airos ad- 
edéoOat tov dvipa.” 6 88 ad-aipebels cimev’ “Eva, 
@ KAdavdpe, otre Ematovy ovdéva ore EBaddov, GAN 
eimov Gre Ta mpdBara eln Snudota’ Av yap ddypa Tey 

“a id e la ‘€ ‘ 
orparwetav, édy tis dia Ant¢ntrat, dmdétay 7 oTparia 
éf-ln, 7 Aela Eorat Synpooia. raira elmov ex Tob- 
Tov ovros AaBav pe yer, Iva AaBoy TO EavTOv pépos 

a a a Q / aN 5 4 39 
dsa-cwoee Tois Anotais Ta Xpnuara mapa to dSoypa. 
“~ , > 4 ’ 
mpos Tadta 6 KXéavdpos eimev’ “Emel tolyuy memoinxas 
Tatra, xata-peve, va cat wept cod BovAevowpeda.” 


Successful intervention of Xenophon. 
Mera taira 6 Eevoddv édAOav mpos tov KAgavidpov 
Adyer’ “Exes piv, ® KAdavdpe, tots dvdpas, cai é- 


275 


280 


iS) 


85 


eoti got Toijoas wept rovtwy 6 Te BovdAey viv BW ov295 


G 2 


84 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


otpari@rat alrotyral ce dsotvae olor ta Gvdpe, xa 
By ano-xteivery. nat dn-voxvovvral cot dvri TovTev, eay 
BovrAn HycioOa: atrav, ém-delLew cor Kat as Kdopsoi 
elas xat as Oédovor melMeoPar to Gpxorti.” dxovoas 
300 Tadra 6 KAéavdpos eimep? “’AAAG xal aro-88wpue TO 
dvdpe xal avrds map-€couat tyiy’ Kat, @av of Oeol 
BodvAwvrat, Pyjoopat tpiv els THY “EAAada.” 


Cleander departs. The army reach Chrysopolis. 


"Ex tovrov 6 KAéavipos eOvero emt tH mopelg, xai 
glros éyévero Hevoparri. eet 5€ Espa tots otpa- 
308 TLWTas EvTdKTOUS GyTas, Kal padAov éen-EOUper yevéoOat 
Hyepev abrav. énel pevtor Ovopévp aitr@ Ta lepa ov 
éylyvero Kaa, ovy-xadécas tods orpatyyous etzer* 
“°Euot pey ta lepa ov yiyverat, more éf-dyew tyas 
tpeis 3& pt} AOvuetre rovrov Evexa, GAAA tropedeade. 
310 mets 5¢ Sefducda tpas ey Bulavrlw, as av duvdpcba 
> kddMota.” 6 8 ovv KAdavdpos an-étver of 82 otpa- 
Tatar &&-emopevovro bia Tov BiOvrGy’ xa ad-ixovro eis 
XpvodmoAw tis Kadxndovias, cat éxet Cuevay Fydpas 
émtds 


CHAPTER VIII. 
CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 


The Greeks cross to Byzantium, and are disappointed by 
Anaxibius. Xenophon confers with Cleander. 


"Ex tovrov PapvaBados, hoBovperos pt of “EAAnves 
orparevowro ent thy éavrod apxiy, edeiro ‘AvagiBlov 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 85 


tod Aaxedaysoviov vavdpxou, bs érvxey dv ey Bulavriy, 
dia-BiBdoa td oTpdrevpa éx tHs Actas. «al 6 ’Avagi- 
Bus pet-enéparo rovs orparnyots Kat Aoxayous, Kat 
Un-toxveito avrois, ef d1a-Butey els BuCdvriov, pucdov 
écecOat tots orpatiérats. éx 5¢ rovrov mdvres of otpa- 
ti@tat b1a-Balvovow els Bu(dvriov. xat 6 ’AvagiBos 
ovx edi{d0v adrois picOdv, éxéAevoe Se TOvs oTpaTidras 
ef-.dvar ex tis méAEws, @s ato-TéuWwv avrovs olxade. 
évravda of orpari@rar HxOovto, Ste ovx etxov apyiptov 
ém-oricerOat els Thy mopelav’ 6 8¢ Zevopay mpos-eAOav 
KAedvipy TQ dppoorh elev arg Sri pédAot dtro-7Tdev- 
seobas Hon’ 6 5¢ KAéavdpos Aéyer adr: “Mi aoujons 
tadra’ GAAd éf-eX\Oe pev ws oup-mopevaduevos Tots 
otparirats’ émeday 5& TO oTparevpa yévnra ew, TdTE 
a-adAdrrov.” . évradda .6 Zevoddv xat 6 KAé€avdpos 
€\Odvres mpos *AvakiBiov édeyov aitp tadra. 6 8% 
éxékeve tov HevopGvra otrw moeiv, cal ef-vévar ws 
TaxioTa, ov TH oTpaTEevpart. 


Discontent of the army. Tumult at the gates. 
9 “A N \ 4 , fon 
Evred0ev of re orparnyot Kat of GAAoe e&-necay tis 
moAews, Kat wmavres, TAD OAlywr, Eo Foav' 6 be 
’"AvakiBios ovy-KaAdéoas Tovs atparnyovs Kal rods Aoxa- 
yous @leye “TG pev énirjdeca AauBdvere ex Tov 
FP one , 4 4 = 
Opaxlwv xwopdv' AaBdvres be mopevedde els Xeppovyn 
a) “A 3 
cov, éxet 8€ Kivioxos d6ce. tyiy pcddv.”” axovoavres dé 
TWwWes Tav oTpaTiwtGy di-ayyéAAovot TattTa TH oTpaTev- 
part. xal of otpariGra: dv-apnacavtes Ta SrAa Oéovor 
4 A XQ 4 e , bs’ 4 
dpdum mpds tas wUAas, ws mddAw els-idvTes els THY TOA. 
’Eredvixos 8¢ Aaxedatudrios Kai of ody ait@ ovy-Kicl- 
ovot Tas mvAas* of 5 orpari@rat A€yovew avtol KaTa~ 


5 


20 


25 


30 


86 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


oxivew Tas avAas, ef pt of woAtra: Exovres av-olfovow. 
DAr 8 EMeoy esi Oddrarray, xal waep-Balvovot mapa 
Ty xnAj tov teixous els tyy woAw. GAAot dE TOY 

35 oTpaTworer, ot érvyxavoy Evdoy Gvres, d:a-xdutovTEs TA 
xr\eWpa tais afivats ava-weravrvovor ras avAas, of 5€ 
éfw@ dvres els-siztovow eis tv TOAW. 


General panic. Anaxibius sends for reinforcements. 

‘O 3 Zevoddy, as cide ra ytyvopeva, Seivas py To 
aTpatevpa Tpaxotto ed apnayiy, ovv-es-ainte. ov Th 
40 dyAw ciow TGV TVAGY. of 5 Buldvrioe hevyovow ex 
THS ayopas, ot péey eis Ta tAoia, oF 3€ olkade’ Soar 5é 
érvyxavov Gyres ev Tots olxots EOeov é€w. of 8¢ KaO-ctAKov 
Tas Tpinpets, @s ow (owro év tais tpinpect’ wdavtes Se 
Qovro Thy mdAwW AwKéeva. 6 d€ Eredyixos amo-pevye. 
45 els Thy Gxpay. 6 d& AvaklBios xata-dpayev éni Oddar- 
Tay mepi-emAe. els THY GxpomoAwy, Kat evOds peta-mep- 
meta ppoupovs éx Kadxyddvos* of yap év TH axpomdAct 

ovx éddxouy avrot elvat ixavot éx-Badeiv Tous “EXAnvas. 


Xenophon'’s device to restore order. 

Of 32 orpariGrat, ws eidov Zevopévra, mpos-épyovrat 
scairm Kat A€yovor “Niv co. &-eoTw, & Zevodar, 
dvipt dyadG yevécBar. exes mdAwv, Exets Tpinpets, Exets 
Xpypara, éxes dvdpas tocovTous. viv, ef Bovdowo, ov 
te dy dvnjoais jas, Kal jets ay Tmomjoaper oe péyav.” 

6 3€ dm-expivato’ “’AAAG ed TE Aé€yere, Kal Toijow 
55 tavta’ el dé ém-Oupetre tovTwr, Oéobe ta Stra ev rage 
ws TaxloTa. Tatra 8& elme, BovAdpevos xat-npeuioat 
avrovs’ Kati éxéXevoe tovs Aoxayovs Tap-ayyéAAE TadTa 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 87 


Tots oTpariotais. of 3¢ EvOds érdrrovro’ énel 5% Ta OrAa 
Exetto, 6 Zevopay ovy-xadet thy otpariay xa Aé€yer 
rade’ 60 


‘ 


His advice to the army. ‘Let us not ruin our cause 
by our own rashness.’ 


"Ore pev dpyilerde, & dvdpes orpatidrat, ov Oaupdcw. 
édy 8é yxaptlopeda TH Ovpo, cal Tiywwpnodpcba Tors 
Aaxedayovious, xat S:-aptdcopev tavrny thy Td, 
év-Oupetobe & ~orar evrevOer. TodrA€utor pev eodpeda 
rots te Aaxedatpovlois Kat trois airév ovppdyots’ trois 65 
5e Aaxedayovlois of "Axatol bn-dpxovor otppayor, ’AG7- 
vator 5& mpos-yeyévnvrat exelvois’ ovro. 8& advres Eoov- . 
Tat ToAgutoe Hiv. Triooadépyns 5@ wat ddAAoe BdpBapor 
moAAot oAguoe Hon eloly nuiv, avtds 5& 6 Bactreds 
moAeut@ratés éoTt mavtwv, ed’ dv eorpatedcayev ad- 70 
aipnoduevoe tiv apxnv, Kal dmo-xtevodvres aitov, el 
dyvaiveda. pi}, mpos OeGv, otra pawaépeda, pnde 
aloxp@s dm-ohdpeOa, todgusoc dvtes xal tails marpiot 
kat rots juetépots pldors te Kal olkxelos. amdvres yap 
of pitoe eloiy év tais médcow, at otparedcovra ed’ 75 
npas’ xat Sexaiws rotro mowocovow, e é&-adrtanrdfouev 
mdAw “EAAnvida, els vy mpétny 7AOopev. uot tolvuy 
Soxet elzeiy “AvaliBle, Gre wap-eAnAvOapev els riv 
moAw Toujoovres ovdey Biaov, GAXA Teipdpevor Tvy- 
xdvew tov dxalwy' ay de pi TxwpeEV, SAG OPED 80 
ait@ Sre ove ef-aTvardpevot, GAAG mrecOdpevor, ef-epxd- 
peOa ris mews.” 


88 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHOR. 


Order restored. Xenophon takes leave of the army. 
Many soldiers desert. 
Tatra ofc, xal mépnovow dyyédous To “AvaiBlo 
wept tovrwy. 6 8 an-explvato, Stet ov pera-peArooL 
85 abrois meWopévos, GAN’ Ett Kai avros BovAevoorto zepl 
avrayv & te dvvatto ayabov. éx tovrov of orpari@ra 
dm-fAOov Ew roi teixous. Eevopdy de, pera-neuwd- 
pevos KAéavdpov, éxédevey airov bdia-mpdfacba, Snes 
autos mdAw els-éAOot els tHv méAW Kal dmo-TAEIC ELEY 
90 éx Budavrlov. @dAdwy 5€ 6 KAéavdpos cimes ‘ MdAa 
ports dia-npafdpevos fxm. Ayer yap ‘AvagiBios, Sri 
ox émirndecdy éote Tovs pév otpariras wAnoloy etvat 
Tod teixous, Zevoda@vra bé evdoy ris ToAEws’ Sums Se 
xedever oe els-tévai, ef ptdAeis ex-mAely civ aire.” 6 
95 pey 1) Sevopay an-je elow rod telxous oy KAedvdpyp. 
Néwp 8@ xai GAA orpatnyol éx-euevoy ent TH orpariq’ 
xal of otparnyol bi-epepovtro GAAnAoLs TeEpt THs AOLTAS 
mopelas. Tod 5& xpdvov d1a-TprBouévov, moAAoL Tay 
oTpatwwray amo-didduevos. Ta Sada an-énrcov ws edv- 
100 vavro, ol 8¢ dt-eomelpovto Kata ras méAes. *Avaé{Bros 
d€ exatpey Axovwy Tadra’ rovTwy yap ytyvouevwy wero 
padtora xapilecOar PapvaBdly. 


.° Arrival of Aristarchus. Xenophon rejoins the army. 


"AvakiBle 8 dro-mAéovte ex Buavrlov ovy-avrg 
’Aplorapxos, Siddoxos KAedvipw Bufavriov appooris. 
105 Kat ’Avag{Bios ém-ordd\Ae. To 'Apiotdpy» azo-ddc6at 
tav Kupov otpatiwrav éndcous dv etpy év BuCarrly- 

6 8%, evel FADE els BuCdvriov, an-éd0To ox éAdtrovs 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 89 


rerpaxoolwy. éx tovrov "AvafiBios, mapa-nAevoas els 
IIdpiov, xeAever ZevodaGvra mAcioat ént 7d orpdtevpa 
@s taxioTa, Kal ovy-adpoilew Tovs dt-eonappévous Trav 
otpartwwtav, Kal bia-BiBdcew adttovs éx tis IleplvOov 
els thy "Aciav. xal 6 pev Zevoddy d1a-tdevoas els 
TlépwvOoy dd-ixvetrac ent 76 otpadrevpa’ of d¢ orparia- 
tat édé£avro avroy ndéws, Kal evOis elnovro atte 
d&opevor, ws d1a-Byoduevor ex rhs Opdans els tiv 
*Aolay. 


Aristarchus forbids the Greeks to cross into Asia. 
Xenophon goes to Seuthes. . 

"Evratda SevOns 6 Opaé, wéuwas Mydocdinv apds 
Tov Bevopervra, édeito avrov dyew thy otpariay mpos 
éautév’ xal bn-wryvotpevos TOAAG ovK Eneoe TOV Zevo- 
gdGvra, év 8& TovTw ’Aplorapyos 6 év Bufavrip dp- 
pootyns, €AOay emt rd otpdrevpa, elme Tots orpari@rats 
ph wepaotoba els thy ’Aciav. 6 8& Bevodav ereyer, 
Sti *AvafiBios éxéAevoev airovs b1a-mAcdoa. 6 8 
’Apiorapxos édeyer’ “’AvaiBios pév ovxére vavapxds 
éort, éy® S¢ evradOd els dppoorys’ ef dé Twa tov 
Ajwoua. ev tH Oaddrtn, xata-dtow airdyv.” tatra 
elm&y @yxeto els THY méAW. 6 oty Zevopdy Ovadpuevos 
Tots Oeois, émet Ta lepa eyévero kaha, map-éAaBe TloAv- 
kpatny tov ’A@nvatoy doxayov «at dAdous, cal @xeTo 
THs vuKros émt 7d DevOov otpdrevpa. emet 5& Foap 


IIo 


= 


20 


= 


35 


130 


éyyts avrod, mpo-néume épunvéa, wat Kedrever elmety | 


Telby Bri Zevopay mdp-eot. PBovddpevos ovy-yeveoOat 
auT@. 


go SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Conference with Seuthes. 


‘O 8% SevOns dxovoas éxéAevoe ZevodGrra els-ed Oct», 
135 €xovra do dydpas, obs BovAotro. émet 3€ els-7AOor, 
mparoyv evopav én-npero VevOny 6 re BovdAorro xpyobat 
Ty otparig. 6 8& elney Gde° “ Maioddys piv 6 pos 
maTinp Npxe Quvav re cat GhA@v TG yetover. sracia- 
(Ovrov 8& trav “Odipvaar, éx-ainrer THs apy7s’ éx-wEecav 
140 8¢ dno-Ovjoxe vdow eyo 8¢ éf-erpadny dppavds mapa 
Mnddxy eo viv ’Odpvody Bacitre?. emet 3% eyevdunv 
veavioxos, ovx edvvduny (av dm’ aAdotplas tpanélns’ 
kal ixérevoy avrov dSotvai pot émdaovs dvvairo Gvdpas, 
Stes xal Tiyswpoluny tovs éx-Baddvras nuas ths apyis, 
145 kal un Conv ano-BArA€érwy els riv éxelvou tpane(av, domep 
Kvwv’ éx tovTou dBwai po. Tous aydpas kai tovs trnovs, 
obs tyuets GecOe. Kal viv éy@ CG Tovrous Exar, Ani(e- 
pevos THY éuavTod maTpway xdpav. el 5% dpets wapa- 
yévowsbé ot, olouat padiws dy amo-AaBetvy thy marpgay 
150 dpynv. Taira éorw & eye ddopat tuav.” 


Seuthes states his terms, and makes liberal promises. 


“TC ovv,” edn 6 Zevopar, “ov dv Sbvao, ef EXAOouen, 
Sddvar TH TE oOTpaTLG Kal Tots Aoxayots Kal Tots oTparn- 
yois;” 6 8 ta-écyero avrots picOdv, Kat yiy Sadonv 
Boddowro, cat Cevyn cal xwplov émt Oadarrn rererxio- 

155 pévov. Eady 82,” edn 6 Zevogpar, “ ph d:a-npagwpev 
tadra got, dAAad Tis poBos 7 and Aaxedaimovlwy, apa 
ov 5é£e. uas els THY cEeavtod xwpav, doo. BovdAdpeda 


an-levat mapd ce3” 6 8 etme “”Eora tadra’ «al 
moijcopat tuas adeApots kal xowwvots amdvrwv, av 


VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 9Q1 


dv SvvapeOa xracda. ol 8&, ® EZevopav, dc THY 160 
Ouyarépa, cal «i ris col éore Ovydrnp, evncopat adiriy 
Opaxiy vdpue, cal i50w cor BiodvOny olxeiv, Step Kad- 
Atorov éoTw euoi Tay ent Oadrdrryn xwpiwv.” 


Xenophon’s address to the army. ‘Let us first get provisions, 
-and then settle what to do” — 

’Axovoavtes Tadta dm-ynAavvoy' Kat éd\Odvtes emt Td 
otparémedov an-nyyeAay mdvra Tois otpariétats. Kat 165 
Zevopay ava-ords elwe rade: ‘“”Avipes, dua-mAely pev 
exeioe, EvOa BovdducOa, ov 8vvardy éotw, “Aplotapyxos 
yap kwArve. nuas. LevOns dé myow eb woujoey tpas, eav 
inte mpos avrdév. viv ov oxepacbe, mérepov évOade 
pévovtes BovdcvoedGe, 7 ém-av-edOdvtes els ra emiT7Hdera. 
éuot pey ovy doxet ém-av-edOeivy els tas Kwpas, S0ev 
duvatueba AauBdvew ta émrjdeca’ exet Se Exovres Ta 
émirndera Bovdevodpeba 8 re dv doxH Kpdtictoy etvat. 
kat St@,” &py, “tadta dsoxet, dva-rewarw thy yeipa.” 
dv-érewav Gmavres. “’Am-idvtes toivuv,” pn, “av- 
oxevdterOe Kal éneiday map-ayyéAAn tts, Execbe TO 


TyOUpEeve.”” + 


= 


yO 


= 


75 


Seuthes repeats his proposals and promises to the army. 


Mera tadra Zevohav pev nyeiro, ot 8 efmovto. ened 
Se mpo-eAndvOecav Soov tpidKxovra otadiovs, Devons az- 
nuTnoev avtoiss Kat elme todde® “'Eya, @ dvdpes, 180 
Beopar tGv orpareierOa ov epol, kal dn-tcxvodpat 
Sécew tyiy pucOdv' otra dé Kai mora, domep kal vor, 
AnWweaOe Ex THs xdpas. Soca 5 ay aAloxnra adros 
fe, tva d1a-riOeuevos tradra ropl(w dyiv tou woddv? 


92 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON 


183 6 6¢ Zevopav én-npetro atov. “ dcov 5é dnd Oaddrrns 
&feus ro orpdrevpa;” 6 5é an-expivaro’ ‘ Ovdsapy mA€lor 
éxra uepv, ToAAayn Se peiov.” ent rovros edoke 
mao ov-orpareverOar 7) Devon. 


Seuthes entertains the Greeks. Heraclides gives Xenophon 
sage counsel, 
Mera ratra of pev dAdo eoxjvycay Kara td€ets, orpa- 
190 THyoUs B& Kal Aoxayots DevOns exddrAecev ent detzvov. 
evel 5& Foay ent Ovpais, as map-vovres emi detavov, iv 
tis ‘HpaxAeldns Mapwvelrns’ odros mpos-ehOov to Zevo- 
gaovtTe Edeye’ “Bd nai méAews peylorns ef, Kal mapa 
Devon 1d cov Svopa éote peyotov. a£ov ovv aol éor 
“~ a, ‘ bad a # (4 
195 MéyltoTa Tysjoat DevOny, dovs abr@ 6 tt ay Exns tAEiorov 
d£ov, etvovs 5€ aot Sv tap-awG rovro’ ev yap otda, 
Sri Som ay peiCoy dwpnon TovTe, TocoiTw pellw ayaba 
neloes b1d TovUTOV.  dxovwy Taira Zevohay jadpe’ ov 
= bd X A 4 lA 
yap elxey ovdéev, TARY 7 piKkpdy TL apyvptov. 


The banquet begins. Thracian manners. A great eater. 


200 'Emel dé els-jAOoy emi 1d deinvov, exdOnvro KiKry. 
éxeta dé tpimodes els-nvéxOnoay maow* otto. 8 joa 
peoToL KpeGy veveynuevoyv, Kal Gprot péyadot tpos- 
TETEPOVNUEVOL oOaY mWpos Tots Kpéact. Kat wp@ros 
Devons, AaBav rots éavtG mapa-xepévovs Sprovs, bi- 

205 éxA@ KaTa pixpov, Kal Eppitre rots decmvodct, Kal Ta Kpéa 
a@oattws. Kat of GAdAo, map’ ols of tplrodes Zxewro, 
ézolovy taitd. “Apxas 5€ tts, "Apdoras svopa, detvds 
gayetv, di-€ppimre prev ovdeyv, AaBwy be els tiv yxeipa 
&ptov Scov rpi-xolvixov, kai Oéuevos xpéa ent ra ydvara 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 93 


edelmvet. wept-épepoy de Képata olvov, cal mdvres ed€- 210 


xovro’ 6 8 ’Apvoras, éret 6 olvoydos Epepe map’ adrov 
To Képas, ldav tov Zevoddvra ovnért Setrvodvra cine 
Ads éxelvm tov olvoy eye yap otaw cyoAdtw.” ax- 
ovoas LevOns tiv hovnv jpdta tov olvoydov ri A€yor. 
6 88 olvoxdos etrev ait@ 5 te A€you Aaictaro yap éAAn- 
vitew. évradda pev 5) yédws eyévero. 


Xenophon extricates himself from a dilemma. The banquet 

concluded. 

"Ex 8@ rodrov els-7AOev avip Opa€, exwv trmov Aevdv* 
kat AaBov xépas péotoy otvoyv eine: “ Ipo-tivw cot, 
@® DevOn, wal 5Bwepl cow rotrov tov tamov, éd’ ov Kat 
didxwv alipnoes tov ToAguov, Kal ato-xwpav padiws 
dno-pevfer. GAdros maida els-ayayov eédwpycaro, xat 
GAAos tudria TH yuvatcl. 6 38 HevopGy jropetro & te 
mowot’ éxdOnto yap, @s Tysmpevos, ev TH TANoLaTdTY 
di¢pw Vevdy" 6 d& olvoydos evradda mpos-yveyxey airo 
TO Képas. 6 8¢ Zevohdy dv-éorn Oappadréws, de€dpevos 
TO Képas, xal etmev’® “Eye 8€ cot, @ TevOn, SBwpe epav- 
TOV Kal TOs €uovs ToUTOUS éralpous, hidous Elvat TLOTOUs. 
xat viv mpos-attodal oe evdev, GAAG EO€AovCL Kal Tovety 
tmtp cod cat mpo-Kiwduvevew’ Kal pera TovTrey Thy pov 
matppay xdpay amo-Anyet, ToAAnY Se GAANY KTHoet 
modAous dé ixmous, moAAOds d¢ dvdpas kal yuvatcas Kxata- 
KTHoEL, ot avrol map-e€covrat épovtes mpds ce Sapa.” 
dva-oras 6 LevOns ovy-emie TH Zevopavte’ xal pera 
ravra els-7AOdy tives advdodyres Képacl te Kal odAmuy£i. 
cal avros LevOns av-expayé Te TmoAEutKov, wat é&-jnAaTo 
uada ehadpas. els-jecay 5% xat yeAwromorol, 


220 


225 


230 


235 


94 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Seuthes proposes to strike a sudden blow. He goes to 
reconnottre the enemy. 

“Os 88 FAtos eBvero, 6 Devons dva-oras etme mpds rors 
tap ‘EAAqvev orparryots’ "QO dvdpes, of oAguton Hay 
ovx Toaci Tw THY Huerepay ovppaylav’ éay ovv EOwpev 

240 €n avtous mpl dvddfacGa, pddrcjra dv AdBouer Kat 
avOpémovs kal xpyuara.” of 8% orparnyol ovy-en-yvour 
Tatra Kal éxéAevoy aitov jyetoba. 6 de ele “ Tapa- 
oxevacdpevot dva-pévere’ ey® 3%, dadrav xatpos 7, Ake 
mpds bpas Kat nyjoouat.” 

245 ‘“Hvixa 3’ qv audi péoas vixras, SevOns wapny exov 
imméas xat meATaoTas Kai GnAiras. kai of péy iyobvTo, 
ot 8¢ mweAtacrai efrovro, ot 8 trreis a@mobopvAdkovuv. 
érret dé Huepa Av, 6 Devons exéAevoe tovs “EAAnvas wept- 
pévew xat dva-navecOar airds 8 edn créweoba. 

250 oxeyduevos St Fee mdAwW Kal Edeyev’ “"Avdpes, xadGs 
ora, ay Oeds OéAn’ Ajoopev yap Tovs tod|eplovs em- 
mecovres. GAA’ eyo péev ynaomat Tots Lamots’ wets 52 
érecOe. wtmep-Bavres 82 ta Gon Hlopuev els x@pas moAAdS 
re kal evdaluovas.” . 


The enemy are taken by surprise. Seuthes burns their villages. 
255 ‘Holka 8 qv dui pécov huepas, 6 Devons Fon jv em 
rots &xpots* xal xaT-oy Tas Kopas jKey éAavvwv mpods 
tous 6mAlras kal édeyev? “’Ad-jow Hon Tous wey tanéas 
xata-Gety els ro Tedlov, rods 5¢ weATAaTas emi Tas Kopas’ 
tueis b¢ ErecOe Os TaxXtoTA. peTa TadtTa @xeTO, Kat ol 
260 "EAAnves elovro. énel 5 Hoa év tats xapats, Devons, 
éxwy tptdxovra innéas, mpos-eddoas elne TH Zevodarre 
“Of pey GvOpwmo exovrac év rais x@pats, GAN’ ovx 


VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 95 


GXloxovray’ of yap taneis otyovrat didxovres, wat bé- 
Sotxa py of woAgutoe ov-ordvres cal yevdopevor aOpdot 
épydowvrat mas kaxdy rt. -det ovy TLVas NG KaTa- 
pévey éy tais xapats, péorat yap elow dvOpdérwv.” 
AN’ éyw per,” édy 6 Bevopdv, “xara-AjWoua ta 
dxpa’ ov d¢ KéAeve KAedvopa mapa-reivat thy padayya 
Sta tod wediov mapa Tas Kdpas.” tére pev by NvAloOnoav 
avrov: +7 8 torepalg 6 Devons, xata-xavoas Tas K@pas, 
da-net maAwv. | 


Encampment in the plain. Intense cold. 

"Ex tovrou SevOns an-eneuwev ‘HpaxdAcldnv els Té- 
pwwOov dro-ddc0a thy AElav, Stas picds yevouro Trois 
oTpatiérats’ autos 8& cal of "EAAnves éotparomedevovro 
év tT) Ovvdy wedlw. of 5¢ Ovvol Ex-AuwdvTes Tas Kopas 
Epevyov els ta Opn. Fv 58 xt@v moAAN Kal Woyos Tovod- 
TOV, BoTE TO Vowp, 6 pepovTo emt Seinvov, émnyvvto, cal 
6 otvos 6 év trois ayyelos’ Kal Tov “EAAnVov TodAAGp Kal 
pives kat @ra an-exalovto. oe 8 TH Devon addrroOjvar 
avtod, fva of ent Tod Gpous pi TpépotvTo éx TOY Kwan. 
kal avros wey éoxnver év TH TEdiw’ 6 6¢ Zevopar, exwv 
émthéxtovs avdpas, éoxyver ev TH avataTw Kéun bm 7d 
Gpos’ of 5& GdAot “EAAnves TAnoloy xat-eoxyvncay év 
tots dpetvors Opaéi. 


A night attack from the Thracians. 

Els 5 ryv én-totcav vixta of Ovvol edAOdvres ex rod 
Spovs émt-rlOevrar tots “EAAnot. eémet 8 eydvovto xara 
ras Gipas Exdorov Tod olknparos, of peév els-nxdvTiov, of 
dé év-enlunpacay ras olkias’ cal xadotr'res EZevodovra 
dvopaott éxéAevoy avrov e€-tdyTa amo-OvyjoKkew. Kal 7dy 


270 


275 


280 


285 


96 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


ago re up éalvero 81a Tod dpddov, Kat of wept tov Zevo- 
ava joap évdov. évratda 5% StAavds Maxlorus onpal- 
vei TH odAmyye Kol evOds mdvres Ol" EAAnves éx-7dGow 
éx rév olknudrev ondcavtes Ta Elgny. of 8 Opaxes Eper- 
you’ kat of pev avrav edijpOnoay, of 8 Kat dr-€Oavor" 
295 of 8¢ "EAAnves ediwxov rods AotTovs ew THs KouNs. TV 
58 @uvav tives, dro-ctpaperes ev TY oxdTE Etpwody 
tivas TGV “EAAjvev axovrlois’ ovbdels 82 a’ray dn-dOave. 
SevOns be Hee oov Entra inmedor cat €BonOe rots" EAAnot, 
_ €xwp tov cadmeyxtay Tov Opgxiov. 


The Thracian tribes submit to Seuthes. Generous conduct 
of Xenophon. 

300 “Hb 5@ 6 Devons ciye nat rptmAaciay dvvapw* odAol 
yap tev 'OdspvoGr, dxovorres Ta Tempaypéva, ovy-eoTpa- 
revovto avTg. of 3&€ Ovvol, ere eldov axd Tod dpovs 
moAAovs pv OmAlras moAAots 8& weATacTas moAAOUs 
de inméas, xara-Bdytes ixérevov onelcacda. 6 dé 

305 SevOns, xadéoas tov Sevoparta, éen-edeixvuey & A€yoren, 
kat ovx pn onelcacda, ef Zevopdy BovAciro tipwpn- 
gacOat avtovs. 6 dé elev’ “’AAN Eywye vopilw abrods 
kal viv éxew txavny diknv, ef d00A00 Evovrat dyrt édrev- 
bépwy. acvp-Bovrdevw ov cor AauBdveww Sunpous Tods 

310 duvatwrdrous Kaxdy Te Tovey, cay 5& rods yépovTas 


olxot péve.” mdyres ovv ev tavtn TH xopq td-levTo 
to Devdn. 


The Greeks are not paid in full. Xenophon unfairly treated, 


Mera tatra 6 “Hpaxdeldns map-jv éx TepivOov, éxov 
THY TYynY THS Aé€ias, Hs am-e0To. DevOns be a-ed(dov 


VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 97 


Tov poOdov TH oTpatetpare elxoot pdvoy Huepav’ 6 yap 315 
“Hpaxdelons @deyev ore odk éu-moAnoere mAciov Tis Aelas. 

6 ovy Zevopay axOecdeis eines “ Aoxeis pot, @ “Hpa- 
xreldn, ov KydecOat Sevdov as Sei el yap exydov, jxes 

dv dépwv wAnpy tov picOdv: cat el pry GAAws eddvW 
mopilecOas Tovrov, cat dm-dov dy Ta ceavrod tudria.” 320 
’EvredOev 6 “Hpaxdeldns ederce py ex-BAnOein ex Tijs 
SevOov girlas’ kal dnd tavrns THs Tépas bi-€BadAe 
Zevopovra mpos DevOnv 6 re edvvaro. of pév iy otpa- 
Ti@Tat év-exddovy EZevoporti, 57. ovK elxov Tov proOdv 
TevOns Se 7xGero aire, Ste evrdvas an-jrew tov pod 325 
Tois orparidrats, Kai ovKere piAdtkGs bi-exeiTo ait, do- 
mep TO mpoobev. 


Sparta wants the army. Seuthes entertains the envoys. 


"Ey rovrT@ To xpdvm adp-txvovyTat Xappivds te 6 Adxwv 
kat [loAvvixos mapa OlBpwvos, cat A€yovow Sri of Aake- 
Satudviot peAAovor otparevecOar emi Tisoadpeépyny, Kai 330 
Stt 6 OiBpwy deirar ravtns tis orparias’ Kal ba-.0x- 
voovrat pucOdv. met 5€ of Aaxedatudvior HAOov, evOds 
6 “Hpaxdeléns A€yes TO TevOn? “ Todro yeyévyrar Kaa- 
“Asoroy® of pey yap Aaxedaiudriot d€ovTac Tod oTparev- 
patos, ov 58 ovxere den’ dv be dro0-didos 1d oTpdTEvpa 335 
avrois, of oTpari@Tat OUKETL AT-aiTHGOVEL oe TOY pLoOOr, 
GAN am-adddfovrat ex THs x@pas.” axovcas tadra 6 
Devons nerAcves Tap-ayew tovs dyyéAovs, kat EAreyev Gre 
dtro-d.80ln TO oTpaTevua tots Aaxedatpoviots, kat e€evicev 
attovs peyadompenGs. ZevopGvra bé ovKx exdder emt 340 
£éa, ovde tav GAAwy otpatnyav ovbdéra. 


H 


98 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON, 


Xenophon's character, as drawn by Seuthes and Heraclides. 


"Epordévrev 5 rév Aaxedaovlwy motds tis avip ely 
Zevopav, 6 Devons dw-expivaro, Sri ta pev GAdAa ely 
ov Kaxos, dtAootpatiarns b€ Kal did Todro yetpov ely 

345 avT@. of d€ elmov' “’AXA’ 7 Syuaywyet 6 dvnp rods 
dvdpas;” xal 6 “Hpaxdreldys, * Tdvv pev ody,” pn. 
"Apa ow,” épacay, “ovx évavtidcerat nuty wept rijs 
anaywyis tis otpatias;” AXA’ édv tyels,” Edn 6 
“HpaxAeldns, “ cvd-A€Lavres Tods otpariétas trd-cxnobe 

350 avrots Tov pucOdv, Exovres Gro-dpapodvrac ovv tiv. 
kat atptoy &Eopuev tyas mpos avrovs’ xat oda Sri, émecday 
Bwow tyas, dopevor ovv-dpapyodvrat tyiv.” adry pev 
nuépa ovtws éAnge. 


The Spartans make their proposals to the army, and promise 
pay. Xenophon accused of unfair dealing. 


Ty 8% torepalg TevOns re nat “Hpaxdreldns &yover 
355 Tous Adxwvas én 16 orpdtevpa® To dé Adxwve édeyérny’ 
“ Aoxet tots Aaxedatpoviots modepety Trooadépvea, to 
Gdtxnoavre was’ eav ovy Inte ody july, ripwpynoecbé 
re Tov éyOpdv cat AnwWeoOe Tov picOdv.” of 58 oTpa- 
Ti@Tat dopevot HKOvoay Tadra’ Kat evOds dv-loraral ris 
360 Tay ’Apxddwy, Kat-nyopnowy tod ZevopGrtos, cat Aéyet 
ade ““Hyets pev, © Aaxedarnoniot, cal mdrdat av Tyev 
map wpiv, el py Zevopav an-nyayey jpas Sedpo’ ovv 
rovTw 5€ otparevdpevot kal vixta Kal Huépay ovddéy Te- 
mavpeda’ Kai Tov pev qerepov pcOdv avtos exer, yas 
365 3 dmo-cTepel. peta TobToy dAdAos av-éotn Guolws Kai 
dANos. ex 5& rovTou Zevopay erckev Ode 


VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 99 


Xenophon’s defence. i.‘ In all that I have done I have sought 
your welfare, and tried to carry out your wishes. 


“Adda mdvta piv euavre Kaka det mpos-doxav, enet 
ye viv tp tpav airlas ew wept tovrovr, év ols smap- 
ecxdouny wept tpav mAclotny mpoduptay. dn-erpanduny 
pe ye 78n Gpunuévos otkade, dxovwv tyas elvat év dad- 370 
pots, cat BovdAdpevos a@dedAjoat tyas, ef te duvalynr. 
pera O€ Tadta Devons Enewre pds ee ToAAOVs ayyéAovs, 
Kal Um-woxvetrd pot TOAAA, el Teloayue tas edrOeiv mpds 
autdv’ AAG TodTo pev ovK én-exelonoa Toveiv, Os adrol 


vets éenloracde, EBovdAduny S€ as tdyiota d1a-BiBdoat 375 


tyas els thy ’Aclay. ratta yap kal évduicoy BéATioTa 
elvat tyty, cat ydew tuas Bovdrouévous. émel de ’Api- 
otapxos €\O@v ody Tpinpeow éexdAvev Has dia-mAciv, éx 
tovrov ovv-dhega tyas, Stws Bovdrevoalueda & re déou 
moteiy. évtad0a dy mavres endicacdbe lévar civ DevOn. 380 
Tl oty éyo évratda 7dlknxa, dyayov tas évOa éddxer 
Taow tpivy topevecOat 3 


ii. ‘ Seuthes has cheated me, as well as you.’ iii. ‘Whatever good 
we have got by entering his service has been of my procuring.’ 


© Tlept 8% rod prcOod, dv eve A€yere an-eoTEpnKévat 
tyas, dpvyme tyiv pnde fxew & TedvOns enol idlg wn- 
€oyero’ xal ovp-en-dpvups pnde adros elAnpévat, & oi 
dAXot otparnyol édaBov, pnde dca Eviot tTGv Aoxayav' 
kat joxuvdunyv adv by, ef tad modeplov ye obrws éf- 
nrarnOny pito 8 éyte aloyxidy pot eivat doxet éf-aTa- 
ray 7) é€-anaracda. "Ava-pvnoOnte 5 mpos rovrois év 


85 


w 


tola dmopla ire, dre ey dv-ryayov tpas mpos LevOnv. 390 


H 2 


/ 
et 


I0O SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


*Aplorapxos pev 6 Aaxedaiudrios obK ela tas els-tévat 
els tHv TlépwOov, tmaidpio. 5¢ e&o éeorparomedevere, 
pécos b€ yepov jv? ra be émrjdea qv omdyia, xal 
ovK Wy Hiv Kata-AapBdvew dvdparosa 7} mpdBata’ ov 
395 yap etxouey ovre inmeis ore meATacTds, Hote AaBelw 
Tavra., émet dé éyw mpos-éAaBov tuiy DevOnv cippaxor, 
€xovra xai trnéas xal meATaotas, Taira mdvta Tpos- 
eyiyveto juiv' Kat yap év rats kwpats evpioxopey otro 
9 , \ > f e lo / 99 7 € 
ApOovatepov, Kal OUKETL EwpGyev ToAEuLoY oVvdEva. O 
4oo yap LevOns map-etxe ravtyy tHv aopadrclay vuiv obras 
amopodo. Kat viv ef pr mdvy oduy mpos-cdldouv ty 
puoOov, ti eet axOecOar wept tovrov; 7 tl Sta Todro 
¥ ron > 3 ” 
oleoOe xprvat eue avtixa amo-Oavety ; 


iv. ‘I have sacrificed all for you; is this your gratitude?’ 
“ Kai ra pev oy tyerepa mpdyyatra éote rotadra’ 
405 Gyere Sé Oy, Kal Ta €uad oxéwacbe napa Tatra. eyo 
yap, Ste pev mpoTepoy @puospny olxade, elxov pev Eatvov 
moAuy mpds pov, elxov 5é be tyas cat iad TOY GAdrAwv 
“EAAjvwv edkAvclay. emorevdunv 5¢ b7d Aaxedatpoviar' 
dAAws yap ovK dy pe Exeutov maAu mpds twas. vov 8 
410 an-€pxopat Sia-BeBAnpevos piv mpds Aaxedatyovious tp 
juGv, an-nxOnuevos 5€ Devon drep tuGv tyets Se, daep 
Gy éy® ratra ToAAG Tdoxe, ToLavTny éxeTE yuaunv Tepi 
euod. eav 5& moionte wept cue & Aé€yere, lore Srovov 
dvipa dmo-xteveire’ TOAAG wey yap dnép vuav Kal ov 
415 viv endvnca Kal éxiwwdvvevoa, kal éornoduny ov vpiv 
moAAa BapBaper tpénaia’ ereipacduny by Tovey Tay 
ayabov mpos tas, doov eyo jdvvdunv. viv yap tw 
éé-eort mopevecOar Sou Gv BovdAnobe Kat xara yn Kal 
kata OdAatrav’ Gp ovv viv by Kaipos tyiv Soxe? etya 


VIIT. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 101 


Kara-Kravely éué @s TaxtoTa; ov pry, Ste ye év rots 420 
andpots juev, ovdey rototro éAdyere’ GAAG kal Twardpa 
éue €xadctre, cal tn-tcxveicbe det pvjoecOar euod, os 
evepyérov. ov pévror ovrol elow dyvepoves, of vov 
qeovres ed tas’ ovde, os ey® olopat, Tovrots doxetre 
elvat BeAtioves, toodro. Gvres wept eué.” 425 


The Spartans take Xenophon’s part. Heraclides shows bis 
sagacity. Xenophon leaves Seuthes. 


Tatra elnoy éravoaro. Xappivos 6é 6 Aaxedaiporios 
dva-oras eltmev’ “’AXAN épot pévroe ov Sdixalws doxeire 
XaAetaive to dvdpt rovTw’ éyo yap Kal abros paprv- 
pyow vTép avTod. Hav yap épwrovrwv rept Zevopar- 
TOS, Totes Tis avnp etn, DevOns an-explvato Gru ov Kakods 43° 
pev ely, yay 8 pirootpatiarns.”’ ava-oras emt rovre 
TloAvxpdrns "A@nvaios ecimev? “‘OpG, @ dvdpes, kal 
“HpaxAclény évradda map-dvra, bs map-€AaBe Ta xp7- 
pata, & jets extnodueOa® xal dmo-déuevos radra ore 
Dev otre Huty an-dwxe Thy Tysnvy, GAAG aires ExrewWe. 435 
gay oy cwdpovGpuev, ovd-AnWdpeba avtdv' ov yap b7 
obrés ye Opa eoriv, GAN “EAAny dv “EAAnvas ddexel.” 
*Axovoas tavta, 6 “Hpaxdeldns mpos-eAdav to Devdn 
Aéyer ““Hyeis, cay cwdppovGpuev, an-mev evredbev os 
rdxtota.” Kal ava-Bdvtes emt tods Immovs @xovro els 440 
ro éavtGv otpardnedov. Kai evredOev Devons méuTe 
&yyeAov mpds HevopGvra, xat xehever atrov Kata-pelvar 
map éavTo, éxovra xtAlovs éaAlras* Kal br-tcxvetrat 
air@ dno-bdcew td Te xopia Ta emt Oaddrry Kal ra 
dda & tn-éoxero. 6 8 Hevopdv eOvero trp Ati 445 
T@ Bacrrel, wérepa dpewvov ein weve mapa Levy, jj 


102 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON. 


Qa Ca) - € a ? 9 “A 
dmévat ow tO oTparedpares 6 88 eonunvey auto 
dmevat. 


Medosades complains of the Greeks. Xenophon refers him 
to the Spartans. Their answer. 

"Ex tovrov ZevOns wey éarparonedevoato méppw Tar 
450°EAAjvewv’ of 88 éoxnvycay év xopais dev Anwowro 
Ta émirnoea. avrar S¢ ai Guat dedopevat oav Mn- 
docdin td TevOov. 6 oty Mydocdins Epxerat mpods 
Eevopavra kat Adyer “’Aduxetre, @ Hevopdv, srop- 
Ootvres Tas yeTepas Kapas’ mpo-Adyouey ovv dpiv 
455 am-tévat éx THs xepas.” 6 5¢ Zevohav etnev' “ Ti 
mpos ue A€yes TadTa; ov yap €ywye Ert Apyw, GAAG 
Aaxedarpdviot, ols duets map-ed@xate TO oTpdrevpa, oure 
€ué tapa-KaAdcavtes, ore TOV GAAWY oTpaTNyGV ov- 
déva.” 6 5& Mndoaadins exéAcve Tov ZevohGvra xadéaat 
460 tov Xappivoy xat [loAvvKov. 6 8& awpos-eAOav aivtois 
édeyev, St. Mndocddys mpo-efmot tots "EAAnow dr-tévat 
éx THs xepas. ob 5¢ Adkwves etOds AOov mpds Mrdo- 
aadny kat é\eEav? “‘Hyeis tolvuy an-lomev dv, drore 
ovrot Exovey Tov pucdov' ef 5& py, BonOjoopev tovrots 


465 kat Tiyswpnodpeda tyuas ws adixodvras.” 


en 


Xenophon goes to Seuthes, and obtains pay for the army. 


‘O 8 Mndocdins exédeve eure BZevopavra apa 
LevOnv wept tod pucOov: edeiro 5é py walew tas xopas. 
évreddev méumovet Zevopavra xat &ddovs obv aitg. 6 

5¢ €AOOv mapa tov SevOnv Edreye Tre ToAAA altispevos, 
470 cal édefro avrod dmo-didovat TO oTparevuare Tov pucOdv. 
6 5 Devons an-expivaro’ “Eye pev ovre d1-evonOnv 
N@ONOTE ATo-oTEpjoat vas tov picOov, ano-bdcw Te 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 103 


dpydptoy 88 ov éxw, wAnY 7h pixpdy Tt, Kal TodTd cot 
Sidwpt, TdAavrov’ Bods 5e éLaxociovs xa mpdBata Te- 
tpaxis-xQra xal dvdpdroda elkoot xal éxardy. tadta 475 
AaBov dn-iH.” rH de torepalg an-édwxev adtois & tr- 
doxeto’ 6 d€ Sevodar, evel cide Xappivdy re xat TodAv- 
vixov, * Taira,” épy, “céoworat 50 tuas rH orparia, 
kat éy® tapa-dop. arta tiv’ tyels 5 bid-dore TH 
orpatig.” of pev ovy mapa-AaBdvtes em@dovy, Kat bt- 480 
_ i8ouv Tots oTparidrais’ Sevopav 5 map-ecxevacero ws 
dm-wwv olxade. mpos-edOdvres 5€ ait@ of orpari@rat ed€- 
ovTo pH an-eAOciv, mply adn-aydyot To otpdrevpa Kat 
tapa-boln To OiBpwv. 


et 
“NA 


Xenophon sacrifices to Zeus ‘the Gracious.’ 


’"Evretdev d:-énAevoap els Aduwaxov’ Kat évratda Ev- 485 
kAeldns, pavtts PAtdowos, an-avTG to Zevopévrt. obtos 
oup-ndeto TO Zevoporre'dtt eo€aworo, kal nostra avrov 
méaov xpuciov éxor. 6 be elev EvecOar pnde epodiov 
txavov @oTe an-tévat, el pt) amd-SoiTo Tov tamov kal & 
elyev dui éautdv. 6 be EvxAcldns otk enlorevey atta: 490 
émet 58 Aapwaxnvot éreupav Féra ro EZevopavte xat 
Zve td ’ArrdAA@M, EdxAciins lav ra tepeta etrev, Sri 
yon welOottro ait@ ph exe xpyuata. “’AAX’ oida,” 
gn, “dre xal édy pedAAns more ELew, Era te eumddidv 
gow’ Kat Ste cay pndev GAAO 7 eunddiov, ob cavT@ Ever 495 
éunddios. viv 5¢ 6 Zevs 6 Mewlyids eoré cor eumddios.” 
Kal én-qpeto avTov el in Ovcee ToUTH TO Dew. 6 88 
obx épn teOvxeva. To Ak tH Mewdixlm e& Grov dz- 
ednpnoe. 6 oy Evxdeldns ovv-eBovrAcvoey ait Ove- 
cba. ti St torepalg Zevopar eOvero, cal ra iepad éylyvero 500 
Kadd, «ab tavry TH huépa ad-txvodvrar Aauwaxyvar 


104 SELECTIONS -FROM XENOPHON, 


ties SwcorTEs XpHuata To OTpaTevpaTi’ Kal 6 Seropav 

Eevile. adtrovs. of 8 dn-edocav airG tov amor, dv 

an-€d0To év AapwWdxw, voulCovres avtov menpaxévar 80 
505 éydecay’ Kai ovx 7OeAov ato-AaBely THY TYyAnD. 


The Greeks attack Asidates, but are stoutly resisted. 


"Evreddev enopevorto ba ths Tpwddos els “Avravdpopr 
amp@tov’ elra topevdwevot Tapa OdAarray ad-tkvotyto els 
Tlépyapov ris Mvotas. 

"Evrata 39 Eevopav EevlCerar mapa tH Toyyiadov 

510 yuvatkl, atrn b€ édeyev adto: “’Actdarns tls eorw év 
to Tredio, avip Tlépons’ rodrov, el EAOols Tihs vuKTOs, 
AdBows av wat yuvaixa xal maitéas cal rd ypypata’ ~ort 
b€ air@ ToAAG.” 6 ovv Zevoddv dermvyjcas eropevero, 
AaBov rods Aoxayods: Tous pwddtora lrous Kal morovs 

515 éauto, & Saws €D moumoetey adrods. ered 52 ip-tnovro TEpL 
péoas vuxtas, Ta wey dvdpdroda xal ypypara Ta TAciorTa 
elwv ato-dpavat, Saws AdBowev abrov tov ’Aowsdrnv «at 
Ta éxeivov. emet 5¢ ovK edvvavTo haBety THY TUpaW Kara 
kpatos, ém-exelpnoay di-opitrew To telxos. dua 8é TH 

520 72€pa. dt-wpwpuxto® of be Evdov HoOovro, Kai evOis endraké 
tis évdobev 6BeAlox@ diautepes tov pnpov Tov éyyurdro’ 
éxeira 5& érdfevoy cai EBadAov, dote py aogadres elva 
ére map-tevat. GAdot Se €x-BonOodoe wdpoAdot, kal in- 
mets cat 6mAtrat Kal weATacTal éx TG TAnolov xwplov. 


Reinforcements arrive. Asidates taken. The army handed 
| over to Thibron. 
525 ‘Evradda 3) of “EAAnves eoxdmouy mGs dm0-xwpoier’ 
kat AaBovres Soot joav Boes Kat mpoBara kal avdpdroda 
an-yAavvov. émet 5¢ Toyyvdos édpa rots pev “EAAnvas 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 105 


Alyous Spyras, rods 8& emt-KEysevovs adrois moAXods, ef- 
épxerat kat aitds, Zywy riv éavtod divayw* ovv-«Bonder 
b€ Kat TIpoxAns ef “Adtodpyns. of 8 wept BevopGrra, 530 
énet avy ibn éméCovto ind trav tofevpdrav Kat oper- 
dopGv, ports dea-Balvovor tov Kdixoy motaudv' moAAot 
82 airy érpdéncav. obrw dia-cd(ovrat, Zxovres dvdpd- 
moda ws biaxdota cat mpdBata modAd. TH de vorepala 
6 Zevohav éf-dyes ths vuntos wav TO otpdrevpa’ 6 bé 535 
"Aotdarns @&-aviicerat év xdpais ticly ob mpdow Ketpe- 
vais. évtrad0a of mept Zevopavra év-rvyxdvovow ave, 
kat AapBdvovow adrév Kai yuvaixa nal naidas Kal Tovs 
Urmous kal mdvra Ta xpyuata’ éretra mad ad-tkvotvrat 
els Tl€pyapov. vrata of Adxwves kal of Aoxayol Kal 54° 
ot GAAot otpatnyot Kai of orpariGrar edo To EZevo- 
pavrt éLalpera ris Aelas, inmovs wal Cevyn kat ra GAAa. 

"Ep tovr@ OiBpev twapa-yevouevos map-€AaBe TO oTpd- 
reypa’ Kal oup-ulfas ard TO GAA ‘EAAnviKGd errodcuet 
mpos Ticcadépyyny cai PapydBaCov. 545 


NOTES. 


CHAPTER I. 


THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 


[N.B. In the first too lines no augmented tenses are used. There is a note 
on every augmented tense throughout the first chapter. After Chapter I there 
are notes on such augmented tenses only as present any peculiar difficulty. | 


Line 1. ylyvovrat, the present instead of the past éyévovro. Tenses 
are of two kinds, past or dead, and present or living. History, telling 
of the past, should only use past or dead tenses, but it often uses present 
or living tenses, to make the story more lively; as if the historian 
were looking on aé the time the thing happened. Hence the present 
tense, when thus used, is called the historical present. 

matdes Svo, instead of waide Svo, because no stress is laid on the fact 
that there were only two of them. But further on in 1. 4, where there és 
such a stress, we find duporépa tw naide. Cp. IV. 279 note. 

1. 3. Though Artaxerxes was the elder son, he was born before his 
father became king. Cyrus was born after Darius had succeeded to the 
throne, and this, according to Persian customs, gave him at least some 
claim. Darius I had chosen Xerxes to succeed him on the same ground. 
Cyrus was not thus chosen by his father; but he was the favourite of 
Parysatis (1. 18), and the queen-mother was powerful in Persia. 

1. 3. doOevSv, pres. past nom. masc. sing. of doOevéw, contracted 
from do@evéwy. 

Oavetv, 2 aor. infin. of 6vfoxw (stem Oav-), 

1, 4. wap-elvat, pres. infin, of mdp-ery, ‘I am present.’ 

1. 6. dpxijs, ‘ province.” A satrap was a viceroy under the king of 
Persia. The satrapy of Cyrus consisted of Lydia, Phrygia, and Cappa- 
docia; the Ionian towns, or Greek colonies, had been under Tissaphernes, 
but about this time all of them, except Miletus, revolted to Cyrus. 

otv, ‘ well then,’ continuing the story. [Ody is probably =éy, the neut. 
part. of eipi, ‘ this being so,’ like our ‘in fact.’] 


% 


108 NOTES. 


L7. @ vet, ‘goes up,” i.e. inland or up from the coast. [Hence 
the expedition of Cyrus is called ’Avé-faors or the Marck inland. The 
retreat of the 10,000 Greeks should properly be called Karé-faors, or 
the Marck down to the sea). 

1. 9 dva-fids, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. sing. of dva-faive (stem Ba-). 

‘palace,’ sc. ddépaci. Distinguish 7a Bacitead, neut. pl. 
of BasiAeos, from 4 Bacivead, ‘queen,’ and this again from 4 faccAcia, 
‘kingdom.’ 

L. 10. reXevrg, 3 sing. pres. ind. of reAevréw, contracted for reAevrdet. 

1. 12. &a-BadXaq, ‘accuses.’ Badr is ‘to throw,” &d, ‘in different 
directions ;’ hence da-BadAew, ‘to pull to pieces’ a person’s character, 
1.e. ‘slander’ or ‘accuse.’ Thus in the New Test. 6 A:dfodos is a 
title of Satan, ‘the Accuser,’ who tempts us to sin, and then acexses us 
before God. 

L 15. @wo-creivas, I aor. infin. act. of dwo-rreive. 

H ptyrnp, ‘kis mother,’ lit. ‘he mother’ (of him whom we are talking 
about). The Greek article is used for the possessive pronoun (‘ my, 
‘thy,’ ‘ his,’ etc.) when the sense makes the reference clear. 

é-a:tyncapévy, I aor. part. mid. nom. fem. sing. of é{-a:réw. 

1. 20. Gpaxvouvras, 3 pl. pres. ind. of dp-xvéopa contracted from 
ddp-xvéovras. 

1. 21. wal owro. Kai means (1) ‘and,’ joining two words or clauses 
together, (2) ‘also’ or ‘even,’ laying a stress on some particular word. 
Nothing makes greater nonsense of a Greek sentence than to confound 
these two meanings of xai. Think which makes sense here. 

1. 22. Baovddi, ‘the king. Baoweis without the article commonly 
means ‘the great king’ or ‘ the king of Persia,’ being used like a proper 
name. Sometimes péyas is added, as in 1. 182 of this chapter. 

sos BapBapos rots wap’ éavr@, i.e. the Asiatics who were in his 
own service, as distinguished from the Persian envoys above mentioned, 
who ‘came from the king’ (1. 20). 

L 23. Sorv, 3 pl. pres. subj. of efyl, *I am.’ The » is added to dx 
because the next word begins with a vowel. 

L 24. toO wodepetv, Lat. bellandi. The article rd is used to make a 
declinable noun substantive of the so-called infinitive, so that it can be 
declined like the Latin gerund. The usage makes it clear that the 
infinitive really is, what it ought to be called, viz. a verb-noun. 

1. 25. AdBp, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. of AapBdvw (stem Aaf-). 

1. 26. Xeppovhow. The name xeppé-ynoos (or xepod-ynoos) is from 
xépoos, ‘land,’ and »joos, ‘island,’ and means ‘a peninsula.’ It was used 
as a sort of proper name for the strip of land which forms part of Thrace, 
and runs out along the north side of the Hellespont. 


L 27. yevépevos, 2 aor. part. of -yiryvopaa (stem Yer). 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 109 


1. 29. AaPev, 2 aor. part. of AapBdve (stem Aaf-). 

ovA-Aégas, 1 aor. part. nom. masc. sing. of cvA-Aéyw. 

L 30. tats wéAeou T&v “EAAfvov, the Greek colonies in Thrace on the 
Propontis, such as Byzantium and Perinthus. 

1. 35. The Pisidians were a race of mountaineers, inhabiting the high- 
lands above Pamphylia, and were very troublesome to the satrapy of 
Cyrus. 

1, 37. dva-Balvav. Cp. 1. 7 n. 

1. 39. AaBévras, 2 aor. part. acc. masc. pl. of AapBdyw (stem 
Aaf-). 

ae map-civar eis SdpSes. As adp-eys=‘I am come, it can be 
used with a preposition signifying motion to a place. Sardis was the 
capital of Lydia, and Lydia had been made a Persian satrapy by Cyrus 
the Great, when he conquered its king Croesus, B.c. 546. 

1. 41. d&kovoas, I aor. part. nom. masc. sing. of dxovw. 

oBovpevos, pres. part. mid. of poBéw, contracted from poPedpevos, 

1, 44. kat abrds. Think whether «ai here means ‘and’ or ‘also.’ 
Cp. 1. 21 n. 

1. 49." éme-ketpévy, part. nom. fem. sing. of éwi-xe:pat. 

S.a-Bds, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. sing. of d:a-Baivw (stem Ba-). 

1. 50. KoAooods. Colossae was formerly one of the most populous 
towns of Phrygia. Its inhabitants were the Colossians, to whom St. 
Paul addressed his epistle. 

1. 54. Bacltked. Cp. 1. go n. Besides this palace of Cyrus at 
Celaenae there was another belonging to the King of Persia, said to have 
been built by Xerxes, during his retreat from Greece after the battle of 
Salamis. 

1. 66. yupvadoat, I aor. infin. act. of yupvddw. 

1. 61. ylyvovrat, lit. ‘ there become,’ i. e. ‘ there turn out’ or ‘ are found 
to be.’ 

1. 64. Katorpov méStov, ‘the Plain of Cajster’ or ‘Cajystrum.’ It 
has nothing to do with the river Cayster, which is a long way to the 
south-west of this place. See Vocabulary.. 

l. 65. &d-teveirar, 3 sing. pres. ind. of dd-tevéopa:, contracted from 
ag-ixvéerat, | 

1. 67. Setras, 3 sing. pres. ind. of 5éopar, contracted from Séera:. 

1, 68. ém-Set~ar, 1 aor. infin. act. of ém-deixvups. 

1. 7o. taxOfvat, 1 aor. infin. pass. of rdrrw, 

eidPacr, 3 pl. of efw0a. (See in Vocabulary.) 

1. 71. émt rertdpwv, ‘four deep,’ lit. ‘on a base of four. So émi pds, 
‘in single file.’ 

l. 75. Teraypévor, perf. part. pass. nom. pl. masc. of tarros. 

1, 78. éx-KexoAvppévas, perf. part. pass. acc. pl. fem. of ex-nadonte,. 


I1O - NOTES. 


It means ‘unpacked’ from the cases in which the dowiSes, or large 
- shields, were always carried on the march. 

1. 79. orfoas, 1 aor. part. act. nom. sing. masc. of fornyu Gem ora-) 
‘having placed,’ or ‘ placing.’ Cp. 1. 205 n. 

1. 82. wpo-Badéobat ra SwAa, ‘to advance their arms,’ i. e. hold their 
shields in front of them, at the same time couching their lances, in 
readiness for a charge. IIpo-Bavéoda: is the 2 aor. infin. mid. of 
mpo-BdAAw (stem Bad-). 

én-vévat, pres. infin. of ér-ecpt, ‘I advance.’ 

1, 85. é« rovrov, sc. xpdévou, lit. ‘from this time,’ i.e. ‘ after this,’ Lat. 
inde. So é£ o, ‘from which (time),’ ‘since,’ Lat. ex guo; év @, ‘during 
which (time),’ ‘ while.’ 

mpo-tovres, pres. part. nom. masc. pl. of mpd-erue, ‘I go forward.’ 

1. 88. of é ris dyopGs hevyouvor is short for of év ry dyopg petryovow e€ 
atrijs, ‘those who were in the market flee out of it.’ We cannot translate 
‘they flee from the market,’ because the article of makes ol-éx-rijs-d-yopas 
all one word. Cp. 1. 109 n. 

kata-Aurévres, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. pl. of cara-Acimm (stem Alr-), 

ll. 90, 91. tSotca, Sav, part. nom. sing. fem. and masc. of ¢8oy, 
the 2 aor. with pres. dpaw. 

1. 92. poPijoa, 1 aor. infin. act. of poBéw. 

1. 95. tévat, pres. infin. of Zu, ‘I go.’ 

1.96. BaotAéa. Cp. 1. 21 n. 

1. 100. Sp&vres, pres. part. nom. pl. masc. of dpdw, contracted 
from dépdovres. 

1. 101. cvwmdow, 3 pl. pres. ind. of ccomdw contractor from otomdovow. 
For the added v cp. 1. 23 n. 

1. 103. wap-oto1, dat. pl. masc. of map-dv, pres. part. of mdp-erpe 
(sum). 

é-yév-ero, 2nd aor. of yiyvopua:, (stem yev-). 

1. 104. érhpy-oe, Ist aor. of Trzd-o, future Tepq-ow. 

€-5w-Ke, 1st aor. of di5w-ps (stem S0-), future 5a-cw, but Ist aor. €-Sa-xa. 
[So ri-6y-ju, Ist aor. @-0n-Ka, t-n-pu, Ist aor. f-Ka]. 

1. 105. €-Samdv-wv, imperf. of daravd-w, contracted from é-3ardva-ov, 

1, 106. é-roddpy-oa, Ist aor. of roAepé-w, future moAeuh-ow. 

1,107. @pqwas, i.e. the Thracians upon the Hellespont and the 
Propontis. Cp. 1. 30. 

apéd-ovv, imperf. of dperé-w, contracted from wpéAc-ov. 

1, 108. é-«dA-et, imperf. of xadé-w, contracted from é-«dAe-e, 

é-ropevé-pyy, imperf. of opevo-pat, the middle of mopev-o. 

1. 109. ddHeXolny, pres. opt. of dpeAgw, cp. ITT. 133 n. 

T&v-mpds-épe-evepyeotav. All that comes between the article and 
its noun (as mpds-éue here comes between 7av and ebepyeoiy) is 


iI. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. Ill 


equivalent to an epithet of the noun (cp. 1. 88 n.). There may be only 
one word between, as 6 rére wéAepos, ‘the war at that time,’ lit. ‘the 
then war’ (cp. IV. 124.n.); or there may be two or more words, as here. 
A Greek could say b-réiv-’ AOnvalav-mpos-rods-Aaxedatpovious-tv-Tedonoy- 
vnoy-wérepnos, ‘the war of the Athenians with the Lacedaemonians in 
the Peloponnesus,’ where all that comes between 6 and menepes serves 
as a description of the war. 

1. 111. wpo-S6vn, dat. sing. masc. of mpo-Sovs, 2nd aor. part. act. 
of mpo-5idmpu (stem So-). 

1, 115. €merOar pol, ‘follow me (as your leader),’ but &popar ov 
tpiv, ‘follow on an equality with you.’ 

1.117. &v elvar, ‘that I am likely to be.’ The direct env ay, ‘I should 
be,’ is expressed after ofoua: by the infinitive ay eZva. 

L118. deAfjoan, Ist aor. infin. act. of dperém. 

1. 119. éA€EaoOat, Ist aor. infin. mid. of dréfw. : 

tore lévra. A participle is used after verbs of knowing or perceiving, 
to express a fact; thus ol5a atrdéy évra means, ‘I know that he is,’ 
but ofa iva: would mean, ‘I know how to be.’ [If the participle 
refers to the subject of the verb, it is put in the nom., as olda dv, ‘I 
know that J am.’] 

], 120. efm-ev, 2nd aor. from stem éw-. The present is supplied by 
gnui. There is a letter lost before é- which=fem-, hence the aug- 
ment does not turn this into #a-, but into éfer-=eix-, So ropa, ‘to 
follow,’ imperf. eiéuny. 

1. 121. ém-qvecav, Ist aor. of éw-a:vé-w, future -éow. The augmented 
y Stands for ¢+ at, the € combining with a to make 4, and the t being 
written underneath or ‘ subscript.’ 

For Xenias and Pasion cp. 1. 165 and following lines. 

]. 122. é-orparomedev-cavro, Ist aor. mid. of orparomedeb-w. 

]. 124. per-e-wéptr-ero, imperf. mid. of pera-wéur-ov. 

1. 125. @ed-ev, imperf. of €6é\-w. The augmented y is here e+e. 

€-Aey-e, imperf. of Aéy-w. 

1. 126. €-«éAev-e, imperf. of xerev-w. 

1. 127. ov«-HOeXev, to be taken as one word =‘ refused.’ 

]. 128. Distinguish peta tadra, ‘ after these pee: from peta TovTwv, 
‘ with these.’ 

ouv-ayayov, 2nd aor. part. act. of ouv-deyon. 

€-Aek-e, 1st aor. of Aéy-e, future A€f-w. 

1. 133. €-Wevo-pat, perf. pass., with an active meaning, of peb5-a, 
future mid. Yev-copa:, perf. pass. é-evo-par ( = €-Wevd-pa). 

1. 134. étm-O7 por Sleyy, ‘may punish me,’ lit. ‘place a penalty on me.’ 
Lat. imponere poenas. ©, is the subj. of stem Qe-, reduplicated into 
present 7i-67-u. 


I1zZ NOTES. 


1. 135. 4Suci-cOa, perf. pass. infin. of d-Bieé-w, future -fow, perf. 
}-dinn-wa, perf. pass. 7-8ien-pou. Here the augmented n=e+a. This 
is formed from the adjective dédiwos; verbs formed from compound 
nouns generally end in -ew. 

1, 141. otre... otSevds. Two or more negatives in Greek do not make 
an affirmative, as in modern English, but a stronger negative. Cp. II. 59n. 
Compare the early or more natural English, which is now vulgar, e. g. 
‘I don’t know nothing ;’ so this does not mean ‘not none’ but ‘not 
any.” 

1,147. pera tradra. Cp. 1. 128 n. 

1, 148. qpet-wv, imperf. of épwrd-w, contracted from jpwra-ov. The 
augmented » here=€ +e. 

1. 149. &tr-explvaro, Ist aor. mid. of dwo-xpivy, future dawo-xply-@, Ist 
aor. da-é-«piv-a, 

1, 151. Typwpynodspeba, ‘we will punish.’ Distinguish the active with 
the dative riumpéw oo, ‘I take vengeance for you,’ i.e. ‘defend you,’ 
from the middle with the accusative rimapéopai oe, ‘I avenge myself 
upon you,’ i.e. ‘punish you.’ Cp. dpivagOa, ITT. 55 n. 

1, 153. wepdOévres, 1st aor. pass. part. nom. pl. of wéuaa, 

1. 154. tm-omrev-ov, imperf. of b1-uTrev-w, (o =€+ 0). 

1.155. €-5éx-e, imperf. of doxé-w, contracted from é-déd«e-e, 

1. 156. etrev. Cp. 1.120 n. 

1. 158. éoxarny, ‘last,’ i.e. ‘furthermost.” Lat. extremus. Issi was 
close to the boundary between Cilicia and Syria. 

1, 159. twap~fjoav, 3rd pl. of wap-nv, imperf. of wdp-eyu. Lat. ad-sum. 

1. 161. Spp-ouv, imperf. of dpué-w, contracted from Wppe-ov. Dis- 
tinguish dpyé-w, ‘I anchor,’ from éppd-w, ‘I start,’ of which the imperf. 
is &ppa-ov contracted &pp-ov. 

1, 162. 4eov-ce, Ist aor. of dxov-w, future dxov-cw, (y=€+.a). 

1. 163. &m-hAavve, imperf. of dr-eAatdv-o, (y= € + €). 

1, 164. efx-e, imperf. of éx-w. For the augmented form, cp. efmoy, 
1, 120 n. 

é-Aéy-ero, imperf. pass. of Aéy-w. See]. 125 n. 

1, 168. d&w-érAev-cav, Ist aor. of dwo-wAé-w, future dwo-wAeb-copat. 
Here again the v is the letter lost in the present, for whé-w = wrAEF-x, 
i.e. ‘plevo’ or ‘ plez-o.’ 

1. 169. @x-ovro, 2nd aor. of ofy-oya, (p=e+or), Distinguish 
gx-duny 2nd aor. of ofxopza, ‘I am gone,’ from gk-ouv imperf. of olxéa, 
‘I dwell.’ 

1,172. dwo-SeSpdxaory, perf. of dwo-8:-3pd-cxw, ‘run away’ (stem Spa-). 

Gtro-repevyacw, 2nd perf. of dro-pevy-w. "Amwo-d:dpdoxney means ‘to 
get away,’ so as not to be found, dro-petryey, ‘to get away,’ so as not to 

be caught. You cannot get hold of either, but you may know where 


ZI, THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 113 


the one man is, and you don’t know where the other is. Hence the one 
is used specially of enemies who escape to their own country, the other 
of slaves who keep in hiding. 

1. 175. o€ dv, ‘whoever.’ “Av added to the relative makes the sense 
‘general and indefinite, so that 8s dy =édv mts or Sams. As dy cannot go 
with the subjunctive, it must be considered to belong to the pronoun, not 
to the verb. “Ay adds the force ‘ in any case,’ expressed by ‘ever’ 
in ‘ whoever,’ etc. 

1, 176. eiSéres, nom. pl. of el5ds, part. of of5a 

1. 179. auv-e-ropev-ovro, imperf. of cup-moper-ona. The v of od», 
which was changed to p before the mw of the present, to make it easier 
to pronounce, is replaced before the augment e. 

éx rourou, ‘after this,’ lit. ‘out of this.’ “Ex properly denotes the 
result or consequence which proceeds out of or follows an actions 

1, 180. pera tatra. Cp. 1. 128 n. 

1, 182. €vouro, 3rd sing. fut. opt. of ely? (sum). 

1, 183. Here péyav is added to BaciAda. Cp. 1. 22 n. 

é-xéXeu-cre, I aor. act. of #eAeEv-w. 

1, 185. €-yxaXématv-ov, imperf. of xareraly-w. - 

ovK-79eXov, ‘refused,’ as in 1, 127. 

1, 187. bw-éoy-ero, 2nd aor. of ir-y-vé-opa. “Iox-w is another form 
of éx-w (originally oéx-w, whence é-cx-ov, ox7-cw, etc.). The syllable 
-ve- is added to the present, making -tox-vé-oxot, which is only used in 
compounds, as én-cx-vé-ouar. [Presents with v, av, ve, are called 
nasalized presents, because the present is distinguished from the stem 
by having vy added to it, i.e. being more or less pronounced through 
the nose]. 

1. 189. é-meloOn-cav, Ist aor. pass. from meié-w, future mei-ow (for 
weid-ow), Ist aor. pass. é-meio-Onv (for é-eid-Onyv). 

1, 195. €-Slwk-ov, imperf. of diax-w. 

1. 196. mpo-Bpapovres, part. masc. pl. of mpo-é&papoy, 2nd aor. with 
pres. mpo-rpéxo. 

€-ord-cav, pluperf. of ¢. orn-pt, ahoiiened form from the stem ota-. 
Distinguish éoracay from éoryjoay, which may be the 1st or 2nd aor. 
according as the meaning is ¢ransitive or intransitive. Cp. 1. 204 n. 

e-TpeX-0v, impert. of rpéex-w. 

1, 198. €-rot-ovv, imperf. of woé-w, contracted from é-moie-or, ‘they 

used to do,’ or ‘ would do.’ 

taurov, neut. of 6 ards (compressed into airéds), ‘the same.’ Though 
the neut. of adrds is avrd, ravrdy is a far commoner form than tavré. 

1. 201. €AaB-ev, 2nd aor. of Aa-n-B-dv-w, of which the stem is AéP-, 
but the letter p and the syllable -av- are inserted in the present, 
which is thus doubly ‘nasalized.’ Cp. lL. 187 n. 


I 


114 NOTES, 


1, 202. €£-épevy-ov, imperf. of éx-pevy-w, the é« passing into é¢ before 
the augment, because it is easier to pronounce. 

1, 203. aipopévats, ‘raised,’ pass. part. pres. from afp-w, agreeing with 
nrépui. Distinguish atp-w, ‘I lift up,’ future dp-@, 1st aor. #pa, perf. 
fp-xa, from atpé-w, ‘I take,’ future alpf-ow, perf. ypn-Ka. 

1. 205. dv-oraty, ‘put up’ or ‘start’ them. In fern the pres. 
imperf., fut. and 1st aor. are éransitive tenses, meaning to ‘place’ or 
‘make to stand ;’ the rest are intransitive, meaning to ‘ stand.’ 

1, 208. aam-od-ero, and aor. mid. of dA-Avju (stem 6A-). 

]. 209. ém-€-Aur-ev, 2nd aor. of ém-Aela-w (stem Atr-). 

auto TO oTpatevpa, ‘the army itself,’ Lat. ipse exercitus. Td abro 
orparevpa would mean ‘the same army, Lat. idem exercitus. 

é-Suva-vro, imperf. of dvvd-pat (stem Svva-). 

], 211. RAavv-e. Cp. l, 163 n. 

1. 213. «at 84 more, ‘on one occasion indeed.’ The 8) capliacie: this 
as a remarkable instance of Cyrus’ hurry to get on. 

]. 214. ém-ords, 2 aor. part. act. of ép-iornp. 

], 215. €-KéAev-ce: cp. 1. 183 n. 

1, 216, €-86x-ovv, imperf. of 5oxé-w, contracted from é-dé«e-ov. 

1. 218. ‘80, 3 sing. opt. of efSov, 2 aor. with pres. épdw, 

pépos m1, ‘a specimen.’ Lit. ‘a portion’ of anything chosen as a 
sample. 

1. 219. rs etratias. Observe the force of the article,—‘ their usual 
good order.’ 

1, 220. €-omev5-ov, imperf. of crevd-w. 

Spapévres. Cp. 1. 196 n. 

€-Tux-ov, 2nd aor. of ru~y-x-dv-w (stem tux-). In the pres. the letter y 
(for v before x) and the syllable -av are inserted; in fact the present is 
doubly nasalized. Cp. 1. 187 n. 

]. 221. éorykéres, nom. pl. of the perf. part. act. of iornus. 

eix-ov, Cp. 1. 164 n. 

1, 224. é§-e-xdpt-oav, Ist aor. act. of éx-xopil-o, fut. éx-xopl-ocw (contr. 
wou). The é« becomes 2 before the vowel e. 

1, 225. €-palv-ero, imperf. mid. of paiv-w, 

1, 226. etxdf-ero, imperf. mid. of elxd-(w. Ex sometimes takes the 
augmented form y (as y«a¢-ov), but generally does not change. 

]. 227. €-«at-ov, imperf. of kat-w. 

1. 229. el-ev, Cp. 1.120 n. 

1. 230. kwAvdorerev, 3rd sing. Ist aor. opt. of eaAvw. 

1, 231. rod kalew, ‘from burning.’ For the article with the infin. 
cp. 1. 24 n. 

é-Sdn-e. Cp. 1. 185 n. 

1. 232. €«éAev-cev. Cp. 1 183 n. 


= 


ZI. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, II5 


1. 234. fou, 3rd sing. fut. opt. of few. 

1, 236. g-ero, imperf. of of-opar. (p=€+ 01.) 

1. 241. Oéo0ar ra SrAa, lit. ‘place their arms’ (on the ground) i.e. 
‘to stand under arms,’ Whenever Greek soldiers halted, they rested 
their heavy shields and spears on the ground; hence 6é06a: SwAa means 
not only ‘to lay down arms for the night,’ but often simply ‘to ground 
arms,’ ‘to halt,’ or ‘to stand ready.’ 

1, 242. €-rol-noav, Ist aor. of roi-éw, fut. rot-fow. 

- 1. 243. wap-e-kdAeoe, Ist aor. of mapa-xaré-, fut. -éow. 

1. 244. €£-9AOev, and aor. from the stem -eA0-, the pres. being supplied 
by -épx-ova:z. [So in English the pres. ‘go’ has its past ‘went’ 
supplied from ‘to wend.”] 

é£-hyyed-e, st aor. of é-ayyéAA-w, fut. éf-ayyeA-d, Ist aor. &f-Hyyed-a, 
the ¢ being lengthened into a. [The stem is dyyeA-, as in dyyeA-os, ‘a 
messenger,’ whence our ‘ angel.’} 

1. 245. €-yév-ero. Cp. 1. 103 n. 

€-py, imperf. of py-pi (stem ¢a-). [Lat. ‘ari,’ whence fatum and 
Jama. 

1. 247. wap-exdAeoa, Cp. 1. 243 n. 

1. 248. rovrov-t. This final t is called the demonstrative iota; it 
serves to point out a person more distinctly. Cp. Lat. ‘hic-ce,’ French 
‘celui-ci.”. The nom. is odroc-i, 

1. 249. €-Ba-Ke. Cp. 1. 104 n. 

1. 251. €-rodépn-oev. Cp. 1. 106 n. 

énolyoa. Cp. 1. 242 n. 

1. 252. @AaB-ov. Cp. 1. 201 n. 

1. 253. pera tratra. Cp. 1. 128 n. 

45ley-ca, Ist aor. of d-dicé-cv, fut. ddunj-ow. (n=e+a.) 

1. 254. at-explv-aro. Cp. 1. 149 n. 

ndleynoe. Lit. ‘injured him,’ but in English ‘had injured him.’ 
‘Where one past tense depends on another past tense, in English we 
mark it as doubly past by using ‘had,’ the pluperfect. In Greek this is 
left to the intelligence of the reader. Here Orontes would say to 
Cyrus, ‘You did me no wrong,’ and Clearchus, reporting his words, 
leaves the fense unaltered. Cp. II. 118 n, 

1. 255. Hpot-a. Cp. 1.148 n. 

G@tro-ords, 2nd aor. part. of d¢-lornps. 

1. 256. é-wol-as. Cp. 1. 198 n. 

€-y. Cp. 1. 245 n. 

are-troun-Kévat, perf. inf. act. of mo-éw. 

1. 259. GporAdy-e, imperf. of dpodrcy-éw, contracted from wpordy-ec. 
(w=€+0.) 

L, 261, dBtxnOels, lit. ‘having been injured,’ here ‘[through] being 

IZ 


116 NOTES, 


injured,’ {. e. ‘ was it because you were injured,’ etc. A Greek participle, 
without the article, must often be translated by a conjunction, such as 
‘when,’ ‘ if,’ ‘ because,’ etc., with the indic. mood of the verb; so this 
= Srt 75unhOns. What conjunction has to be supplied from the participle 
must depend on the sense of the passage. 

1, 262. od8év, The accus. of respect after 45:«70n, ‘was injured in 
nothing,’ i.e. ‘was not at all injured.’ 

1, 263. 75v-On, 1st aor. pass. of d-3:x-éu. Cf. 1. 254 n. on #dien-ce. 

hpaorn-cev, ist aor. of épwr-dw, fut. épwrh-ow. (=e + €.) 

1, 264. ye-yevij-o8ar, perf. pass. infin. of yi-yv-opo (stem yev-), fut. 
yer-7-copat. 

ll. 266, 267. yevéo@ar, yevolnv, 2nd aor. infin. and opt. of yiyropa, 

1, 268. SdéEatpr, ist aor. opt. act. of 8oxéw, 

1, 269. tap-otow. Cp. 1. 103 n. 

1. 270. daré-nyv-as, Ist aor. mid. imper. of dwo-paiy-w, fut. dwo-pay-d, 
Ist aor. dn-é-pny-a. [Distinguish by the accent (1) daé-pyy-az, Ist aor. 
mid. imper., (2) a&wo-pjvat, Ist aor. act. insin.] 

1. 272. addavife, ‘ put out of the way,’ lit. ‘ cause to disappear” (from 
4, ‘not, and dav- root of galy-ecOa:, ‘to appear’), Hence a milder way 
of saying ‘to kill.’ 

1, 273. 89, subjunctive of the impersonal verb de?. Verbs in -éw of 
two syllables only contract the syllables e+¢ and e+e, as wAée, wAdi, 
mwrA€a, AEE: but wAéw, wAdovort, wAéy, etc., remain uncontracted. 

pvAdrrecfat, act. ‘to guard,’ mid. ‘to guard against’ or ‘ward off 
{from ourselves],’ i.e. ‘be on our guard against.’ Cp. IIT. gt n. 

1. 275. Distinguish rabré for ra aira, from 6 abrds, ‘ the same things, 
from Tatra, neut. pl. of obros, ‘ these things.’ 

1. 276. AaBov rijs {dvys, ‘took hold of the girdle,” (évns being the 
gen. of the part laid hold of. “EdaBov riv (évnv would be ‘ took’ or 
‘received the girdle.’ 

émi Oavary, lit.‘ with a view to, or “as a sign of” death. Taking 
hold of a man’s girdle was a sign that he was doomed to death. 

1,277. Teraypévor. Cp. 1. 75 n. 

é-ajy-ov, imperf. of éf-dy-w. Distinguish #y-oy, the imperf. from . 
Hy-ay-ov, the 2nd aor. of dyw. (n=€+a.) 

1, 278. els-nvéx-On, Ist aor. pass. from the stem -évex-, to which 
(els)-pépm supplies the present. 

1, 279. ovdSels—otre. For the multiplied negatives in Greek cp. 1. 141, 
II. 59 n. 

I. 280, ef5-ev, and aor. from stem [8-, i.e. fiS-. Cp. Lat. wid-eo, 
Eng. ‘to wit.’ The augment « marks the lost letter F (since d= 
2.8); dpd-w supplies the present, meaning the continuous process of 

seeing or ‘watching’ a thing; the aorist implying the momentary act 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 117 


of seeing, in the sense of ‘to catch sight of, ‘espy,’ ‘see at a 
glance.’ ‘ 
vTe-Ovynxéra, perf. part. acc. sing. masc. of Ovhoxw. 

1. 281. é-dv-m, 2nd aor. pass. of gafy-w (stem ¢dav-), 

1. 284. peydAou BacrAéws. Cp. ll. 182 and 22 n. 

am-nyyéAA-ov, imperf. of dw-ayyéAA-w (stem dyyeA-). (n=€+24.) 

1, 286. &-Odpovv-ev, imperf. of Oapoty-w. 

Il. 289, 296. yéveoOe, yévynoOe, 2nd pl. imperat. and subj. of the 2nd 
aor. of yiyvopar © 

1. 290. js, instead of fv éxere. What is a relative sentence? It is 
simply a long adjective. As adjectives agree in case with their sub- 
stantives, the Greeks make the relative do the same. The relative then 
is said to be ‘attracted’ into the case of its antecedent, i.e. is made to 
agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender, number, and 
person. To avoid confusion, this is only done when the relative would 
otherwise have been in the accusative. Cp. dvtt mévrow @v éxw in the 
next line, and the English ‘instead of what I have.’ 

1. 293. €w-laot, ‘will advance.’ Remember that ef, though present 
in form, has a future meaning, ‘I will go.’ (The of the stem appears 
also in Lat. i-re.] 

1. 294. avd-oxynoGe (2nd aor. subj. mid. of dy-éyw), ‘endure;’ lit. 
“hold yourselves up against.’ Lat. sustinere. 

1. 295. 54 emphasises aloybvopat, ‘I am quite ashamed.’ 

aioxvvopat Aéywov, ‘I am quite ashamed when I tell you;’ [aloxvvopar 
Adyewv would mean ‘I am ashamed to tell you,’ and therefore do not tell 
you, or in other words, ‘shame prevents me from telling you.’] Cp. note 
on dd:anGels 1, 261. 

1, 298. otkot, ‘at home’ (Lat. domi); the old locative or ‘ place-at- 
which’ case, answering to the question where? [Distinguish of«ot, ‘at 
home,’ from olxot, ‘houses,’ nom. pl. of oftos.] 

1. 300. elwe. Cp. 1. 156 n. 

kal phy, ‘certainly.’ Kat piy is literally ‘and indeed:’ it generally 
introduces something new, and means ‘moreover’ or ‘yet.’ Here it 
introduces a new speaker, who has an objection to make. 

1. 302. pe-pvfh-ceaOar, the paulo-post fut. or fut. perf. of pue-pvj-oKxw 
(stem pva-), but as the perf. pass. yé-uy7n-yat has a present meaning, ‘I 
remember’ (lit. ‘I have called to mind’), peswjooua is used as a simple 
future. In Latin also the perf. memini and the fut. meminero are used 
in the same way. 

1. 303. Svvaro, 2nd sing. pres. opt. of Svvapat. 

1. 304. Gtr-explv-aro, Cp. 1. 149 n. 

L. 313. €§-hyyeAA-ov, Cp. 1. 284 n. 

1. 314. Hp-ero, 2nd aor. of ép-opar, ‘I ask’ (instead of which tpatb-w 


118 NOTES. 


is used), Distinguish #p-ero, 2nd aor. of épopa:, ‘ask; gpero, imperf. 
mid. of affw, ‘lift up;’ and j/petro, imperf. mid. of alpéw, ‘take.’ 

1. 315. paxeto@ar, What tense of pdxopa is this? See in Voca- 
bulary. 

é-gy. Cp. 1. 245 n. 

1, 318. €-yév-ero, Cp. I. 103 n. 

1, 319. r&v-perd-Kupov-BapBdpwv. The article r#v makes an adjective 
of the words between it and its noun BapBdpwv. Cp, 1. 10g n. 

1. 321. &Aéy-ovro. Cp. 1. 164 n. 

1. 322. mapa robrovus, ‘besides these.” Wapd with the accus. signifies 
getting beside a thing, or passing by it, and hence ‘going beyond it.’ 
Hence rapa. ratra means ‘ besides this,’ ‘moreover,’ Lat. praeterea. 

1. 323. fpx-ev, imperf. of dpx-w, ‘I rule’ or ‘command.’ (y=¢€+a.) 

1. 324. ouv-reraypévp. Cp. 1. 75 n. 

getro, Cp. 1. 236 n. 

1. 326. é-pax-ero, imperf. of pay-opar. 

Sid. woAAGv fpepdv, ‘during several days.’ Ard signifies division into 
parts, hence an inéerval of time. 

1. 327. torepatg. The feminine ending shows that jyépg is under 
stood. So rf mporepaig, ‘the day before.’ 

é-mopev-ero. Cp. 1. 108 n. 


CHAPTER II. 


THE BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 


(The name Cunaxa is given by Plutarch, not by Xenophon. - It was 
on the Euphrates, about forty miles north-west of Babylon.) 


1. 5. dvd xpdros, ‘at full speed,’ lit. ‘ according to one’s full strength.’ 

Sr. Bactkevs wpos-épxerar, ‘that the king was coming.’ But the 
Greeks use 81: before a direct speech, though we use our corresponding 
word ‘that’ only before an indirect. “Ori (8 71) is really a relative, so 
that Adyar Sri, etc. means ‘saying that whick follows,’ viz. ‘the king is 
coming.’ 

1. 13. pera rotrov, ‘after him’ or ‘next to him.’ Distinguish this 
from peta rovrov, which would mean ‘ with him.” 

1. a1. xadnés ms €Aaurwe, lit. ‘some brass was shining,’ i.e. ‘there 
was a gleaming of brass.’ Note the force of the imperfects éy{yvorro 

and xat-epalvovro, ‘ began to come’ and ‘ began to be Wishie? 


II, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 119 


1. 24. €xdpevor, ‘next to these,’ lit. ‘holding on to.” "Exw is ‘J have’ 
or ‘hold,’ €youe: (with gen.) intrans. ‘I hold on to’ a thing, i.e. ‘I 
follow’ or ‘am next to.’ 

1, 27. dtro-rerapéva, perf. pass. part. from dzo-reivw, The y of the 
stem tev- is dropped, and the € changed to a, as in é-omap-xa, €-omap-pat. 
Thus we get ré-ra-xa, ré-ra-par. [Eng. ‘ ten-sion,’ ‘ ten-don.’] 

l. 34. temoufjnapev, the perf. instead of the fut., speaking as if the 
thing were already done, ‘if we beat the centre, we have won the 
day.’ 

ov OeAev, etc. The Greeks were always afraid of leaving their 
right or unshielded side without protection. Here this over-caution on 
the part of Clearchus lost the battle. 

1, 41. Hpero, 2nd aor. from épopa: (pres. épwrdw). Cp. 1. 314 n. 

1. 43. SopuBov, the gen. of the source from which the sound proceeds. 
When dxotey has a double object, it takes the accus. of the ¢hing heard, 
and the gen. of the person from whom you hear it; as d«ovw Tatrd cou, 
‘I hear these things from you.’ 

1. 46. Stv wap-épxerar. See note on dre mpos-épyxerai, 1. 5. 

1. 48. Séxopar tov oiwvdév, Lat. omen accipio. Cyrus accepts the 
words ‘ Preserver’ and ‘ Victory’ as an omen of success. 

1. 50. tpo-npxovro, imperf. of rpo-épxopat. "Hpxdyuny in form might 
also be the imperf. of dpxopat, ‘I begin;’ the sense decides. 

1. 53. katd Kxpdros, ‘at full speed,’ lit. ‘according to one’s (full) 
strength, the same as dvd x«pdtos,l.5. [Though dvd and xard have 
originally opposite meanings, up and down, they come to the same 
thing, when the idea is simply that of motion along a given line and 
towards a given point; if this point is not local, they both come to mean 
‘in the way of’ or ‘through.’] 

1. 54. Oetv Spdpq, ‘to run fast,’ lit. ‘at a run.’ The addition of a word 
of similar meaning adds force to the verb; thus ¢dfov goBeiabat, ‘ to be 
sore afraid.’ Cp. the Lat. cursim currere. 

1. 59. ov5é—ovSels—ov5Sév. Two or more negatives in Greek do not 
make an affirmative, as in English, but a stronger negative. Thus ovd¢€ 
ovdels is ‘not even a single one.” Cp. 1.141, 279 n. In older English 
negatives used to be multiplied thus, as in Chaucer's Prologue 251 
‘There nas (was not) 2o man nowhere so virtuous.’ 

1, 70. ds kuKAdowv, ‘ with intent to enclose,’ lit. ‘as about to enclose.’ 
‘Ms with the fut. part. denotes a purpose. 

1. 77. war-eAelpOyoav. Distinguish érclpény, Ist aor. pass. of Aelaa, 
from éAyPOny, Ist aor. pass. of AapBave. 

1. 79. Notice the historical presents :datver, water, terphoxer, marking 
the rapidity with which all this was done. With this rash act of Cyrus 
compare the conduct of Pelopidas at the battle of Cynoscepnalac, 8.0. 


Ia BOTES. 


fog when searace? zt Se Sight of os dace enemys, Meeorer of Phe, 
Ae fyi Ipot am, gac “his mer gs ceath Place=, Lie of Feo 
0 -44,- 

1.42, & pao obv Kepos, ‘Corns. os we hove ami” | The pew cor-2s 
Ragas wits. 0h Be bagbaps feng, te eev, ‘chen or ‘m fact” icp L 
45., refers tack t, what kas been Gast related. «ie meray often be 
tranniates: ‘while’ c« * whereas” 

5. oS. grbewre. Distinguish ¥o8cpqw, md aor. of eiefiregm, ‘I per- 
ire,” {110s fpstny, 18 aca. pass. of hopa:, ‘1 am pleased” 

1. fy. tornwer, 34 pl. of gor, mtrans., and therefore the zed aor. 
4 lornus. Tre same word might also be the 3rd pl. of éereea, the 
sot an, A tary, atéi would then mean ‘they placed.” In iorgpm the 
tdi ant. atl the perf. with the pluperf. are mtransitive, the other tenses 
are *satnitive. 

M4, protalsy an artificial mound, as there are no natural hills on 
the Salry\asian plain. 

j. 105. Gvd np&ros. See note on 1. 5. 

by robrq, x. xpivg. Cp. note on é« rot¢rov, I. 85. 

1, 10%. reéOvynbra, ‘ that he was dead.’ The Greeks used the participle 
after verte of knowing, feeling, perceiving, and the like, to express the 
fret known or felt. In Latin it would be nesciebant eum mortuum esse 
(acne, and infin.). [Ofa with the infin. means ‘I know how to,’ as 
olba Cav, ‘1 know how to live.’] 

1. 118%, Spphoavro, ‘had started... The Greek aorist in a minor 
mntence must often be rendered by the English pluperfect. Here Glus 
sid) Procles would say, ‘ Ariaeus is at the station, whence we started 
yesterday ;’ the Greck historian, reporting their words, keeps the 
acrist ‘started, where we should alter it to ‘had started’ Cp. I. 
364 n. 

1.128. elrov Srv xedeva, ‘that the king commanded. For 8n 
introducing a direct spcech, see note on Sr: Bacdeds mpos-épxeras, 
1. 6. 

1,148, ffpero. Cp. I. 314 n. 

1, 133. odferOar, middle voice, ‘ to save yourselves.” 

1,138. wAalovos Afro, ‘more valuable,” lit. ‘worth more,” wAefovos 
(comparative of woAAob) being the gen. of price. The phrase woAAod 
dgioe may generally be translated by one word, ‘ valuable,” ‘ serviceable,’ 
or ‘useful.’ | 

1. 142. elaare, the imperative of elma, rst aor. The and aor. eZzov is 
more commonly used. 

1.144. tavra Gtrep, ‘the same as,’ Lat. eadem quae. Cp. I. 275 n. 
for the difference between ravra and radra. 

1. 149. Remember that pévovow may be another part of the verb, 


= 


III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 121 


besides the 3rd pl. pres. indic. So also dw-tote. and mpo-iodow in the 
next line.’ 

1, 158. eltovro, imperf. of éx-opu, ‘I follow.’ The augment e marks 
a lost letter, which reappears in Lat. ‘seq-uor.’ Distinguish this from 
eim-ov, 2nd aor, from stem én- (pres. ¢npl), ‘I say.’ 


CHAPTER III. 


BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 


1,11, «ypucas wept omovSav, sc. Aéyew (1. 15). Thus we say, ‘1 
came about so and so,’ i.e. ‘ to talk about it.’ 

1. 13. enpvKwv. The gen. of the person after dxovoas, ‘ after hearing 
[their statements from] the heralds.’ Cp. II. 43 n. 

1.15. dpvorov. This might be (1) dporov, ‘ breakfast,’ (2) dporov 
neut. of dporos, ‘ best.’ The sense decides. 

1, 22. Gmc G0-puAaxdv, pres. part. of dmaGo-pudanéw. Compounds 
not made with prepositions are formed from nouns already compounded, 
and generally end in-éw. Thus émo0o-pvdaxéw comes from the noun 
émoo-pvrat, vav-paxéw from vav-pdyos, etc. Prepositions usually form 
compounds with the simple verbs, as xara-pvAdooo, mpos-paxopa. 

1, 26, éweordre. This is formed from the noun émordrns, which is 
already compounded ; so being formed from a noun it ends in -éw (see 
the last note). ’E¢-lornu: is the compound of ém and fornps. 

1. 28. €wate, imperf. ‘he would strike him,’ i.e. as often as there was 
occasion to do so. 

1. 32. «al, ‘also’ (as well as the younger men). Beware of translating 
wat by ‘and, when it does not couple words or sentences. If so translated 
here it would couple mpos-eAdyuBayoy with é&pwv, and make it governed 
by éme?, thus leaving the sentence without any principal verb, which 
would make nonsense. Cp. I. 21 n. 

1. 36. éyxépadov, the part [within the separ or ‘head ’], i.e. the 
‘cabbage’ (as it is called) of the palm-tree ; a sort of bud at the top of 
the tree, containing the rudiments of its future leaves, enclosed in the 
foot-stalks of the actual leaves, This part was edible as well as the 
fruit or date. . 

1. 41. yelrwv, ‘a neighbour, as satrap of the west coast of Asia 
Minor. 


122 . NOTES. 


1. 42. yrovpny, imperf. mid. of airéw. [Observe that alréw is ‘I ask 
for a thing,’ épwrdm, ‘I ask a question.’] 

1. 44. €Eew pov xdpev, ‘will thank me.’ “Eyew xdpv, ‘to have’ or 
‘ feel gratitude.’ Lat. habere gratiam. 

1. 50. év dmépots, neut. plur. adj. used substantively, ‘in difficul- 
ties.’ 

1. 55. d&puvewv in the active is ‘to ward off’ a thing, as duwew xakdy 
vi. The middle dpvvecOa is ‘to ward off an enemy from oneself,’ so 
generally to ‘ punish’ an enemy, with acc. of person, as here. 

1. 57. pevdvrwy might be (1) gen. plur. of participle, (2) 3rd person 
plur. imperative. The sense decides. 

1. 60. 4 phy, ‘in very truth,’ used before the words of a solemn 
oath. 

1. 67. émeBdv = éwe:d?) av, ‘as soon as.’ Compounds of &y (as ray, 
éweidav, éav, etc.) take the subjunctive; with the aorist they have the 
force of ‘ shall have.’ 

1. 72. pr od mords ety, ‘ lest he should be faithless.” The ob belongs 
to mords, ov-mords being equivalent to dmoros. 

1, 75. Sofopev, ‘we shall be ¢hought,’ lit. ‘we shall seem.’ The per- 
sonal verb Soxéw means (1) ‘I think,’ (2) ‘I seem,’ i.e. ‘I am thought.’ 

mapa tas oovdds, ‘contrary to the truce.’ Ilapa, ‘ by the side of,’ 
often with acc., means ‘ passing by,’ ‘ going beside the mark,’ ‘ neglect- 
ing’ or ‘ transgressing,’ hence ‘ contrary to.’ 

érevra, ‘then’ or ‘after this.” Distinguish from éwe?, ‘ when.’ 

1, 77. AeAcliperat, ‘will have been left,’ i.e. ‘we shall have no friend 
left.” The paulo-post future, or future-perfect, implies that the action of 
event will be completed at a future time. UHere the idea is, when that 
time comes, we shall find ourselves without friends. 

1, 85. wovfjoat td mora dora, lit. ‘to make his faithful things 
faithless,’ i. e. ‘ falsify his pledges.’ 

lL. gl. €pvAdrrovro dhAfAous, ‘kept on their guard against each 
other.’ The act. ¢vAdrrew is ‘to guard’ or ‘ protect” anyone (Lat. 
cavere alicui), the mid. puAdrreaOa is ‘to guard oneself against” anyone 
(Lat. cavere aliquem). 

1. 92. rd MnBlas retxos, ‘the wall of Media,’ so called because it was 
built to keep the Medes out of Babylonia (so the ‘ Picts’ Wall” was to 
. prevent incursions of the Picts): see opposite page. The wall of Media 
was situated about 100 miles N.W. of Babylon, and must originally have 
extended from the Tigris to the Euphrates ; but at this time there was 
a considerable gap in the wall at the western or Euphrates end. 
Tissaphernes must therefore have first led the Greeks some sixty miles 
in a homeward (or north-westerly) direction, through this gap to the 
north side of the wall, then have brought them back through the wall 


III. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 123 


into Babylonia again (elow rot reiyous), and lastly led them about 
twenty-four miles eastward to Sittace on the Tigris}. 

1. 98. Svopa, ‘by name,’ the accus. of respect. Caenae would be on 
the right or west bank of the Tigris, since it was the opposite side to 
the Greeks, who were marching northwards, with the river on their 
left. 

1. 100, Zanérav (or ZaBdray) tworapév, now the Great Zab, or Upper 
Zab, one of the chief tributaries of the Tigris on the east. 

l. 105. pi abuxhoav depends on Spxous, ‘oaths not to injure,’ i.e. 
* oaths that we will not injure.’ 


1, 106. pvAarrépevov, ‘ guarding against.’ See note on line gr. 





1. 108. BiBagwov, the fut. part. denoting purpose, ‘¢o show you.” 

1, 110, év rp wapdévre [xpévy], ‘at the present time.’ 

1, 112. w&o% 886s, ‘every road,’ waca 4 456s, (next line), ‘all the 
road,’ i. e. ‘our whole line of march.’ 





1 This identifies Mydias reios with the Wall of Nimroud, said to have 
been originally built by Nimrod, ‘against the Ninevite invaders from the 
north, Another view is that the ‘ Wall of Media’ was a long way south ot 
this, between Cunaxa and Babylon, and that Sittace was much lower down 
the Tigris than it is placed in the above map. In this case, the Greeks 
would have passed only once through the wall, from the north, so as to get 
‘inside, i.e, on the south side, of it, 


124 NOTES. 


1, 113. Sd oxdrous, ‘through darkness,’ i.e. ‘ uncertain,” as we say 
‘to be in the dark’ about a thing. [dros in Xenophon is generally 
declined like reixos with genitive axdrovs. It is also declined like Adyos 
with gen. oxdrov.] 

1, 118. rére, ‘I then’ (i.e. at the time when I joined Cyrus, see L 26) 
‘desired that... 

ll. 123, 4. The first wal may be translated ‘even,’ implying many 
reasons to hope; the second kal is ‘also,’ i.e. ‘that you also will wish 
to be our friend’ [as we wish to be yours]. See note on I. 32. 

1, 128. r4s xdptros fv éxourev. Xdpw 2xew means ‘feel gratitude.’ 
See note on 1. 44. 

1, 129. Here as in 1. 83 the pév emphasises the subject Clearchus as 
opposed to Tissaphernes, the otv refers back to what has been related 
before. ‘So while Clearchus . 

1, 131. GAAd, ‘ well.’ The idea is— though Ta am glad to hear you talk 
thus, yet I will show you that you have no reason to distrust us.’ 

HSopar takes the dative, hence we have ‘I am pleased south you 
speaking,’ i.e. ‘that you speak.’ 

1. 132. o¥8€, ‘not even,’ i. e. ‘you no more than we.’ 

1, 133. &moro(nre, the opt. in -oiny of contracted verbs is a 
peculiar Attic form. It is very common in the singular (cp. S8oxoin, 
Avzoin, ll. 28, 54 above), but it is not so often used in the Ist and aad 
persons plural. 

1, 135. ots, ‘with which.’ Observe that the Greek dative supplies the 
Latin ablative of instrument, while the genitive supplies the Latin 
ablative meaning ‘ from.’ 

1. 139. twap-éxoupev dv, ‘could render.’ 

1. 141. Sta-rropevourev, ‘put you across.’ Topevm in the act, is ‘to 
provide a passage’ (népos) for any one, i. e. ‘cause to pass;’ in the mid. 
‘to provide oneself with a passage,’ i.e. intrans. ‘to pass,’ ‘march,’ ete. 

1. 144. 0082 ef mdvu dyaQol, ‘not even if ever so brave.’ 

1. 145. mépous mpés, ‘means for,’ i. e. ‘ ways of.’ 

1, 151. po, not ‘to me,’ which would be mpds éx2, but (literally) ‘for 
me,’ i.e. ‘to oblige me.’ This is called the ethical dative. 

1. 152. &s depends on ray Aeydvraw, ‘ those who say that.” 

1. 153. TH ovv esol orparig. Cp. I. 10g n. 

1, 159. pera tadra. Cp. I. 128 n. 

1. 164. of 8¢ wavres, etc. Here mdvres is an apposition with of, which 
is not the article but a pronoun,—‘ they did not all come.’ 

1, 170. éxeu THyv Sixyy, ‘has his just punishment,’ lit. ‘ the punishment 
[which he deserves].’ The article in Greek is often used for a posses 
sive pronoun. Cp. I. 15 n. Observe the wary form of Xenophon’s 
answer. Te really means ‘even supposing Clearchus deserved his death, ~ 


III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 125 


yet, according to your own showing, Proxenus and Menon should come 
back.’ 

1.175. d9-hxOnoav, ‘were taken up,’ i.e. to the king’s court. Cp. 
I. 7 n. 

1. 180, wai ydp 5%, ‘for in fact,’ or ‘in proof of this.’ The 87 shows 
that what is going to be said confirms the previous assertion that 
Clearchus was ‘ very fond of war.” ~ 

1. 181. tanpére (imperfect), ‘ continued to serve.’ 

1. 183. Opqxes, i.e. on the Hellespont. Cp. I. 30. 

I. 185. “Io@pod, i.e. the isthmus of Corinth. He probably had to 
touch there to take up some of the allies of Sparta. 

1, 187. €BavaraOy, ‘ was condemned to death.’ @avardéw usually means 
‘I put to death,’ lit. ‘I cause death’ to anyone. [Verbs in -dw derived 
from the stems of nouns mean to cause or make something, as dovA-dw 
(from SodAos), ‘I make anyone a slave,’ woAep-dw (wéAepos, ‘I cause to 
be at war,’ i. e. ‘make hostile.’] 

Il. 188-191. See the account in I. 25-30. 

1. 191. otTw pev otv, ‘thus as we have said.” The péy prepares for 
the 32 which follows, ‘not only fond of war but a good commander.’ 

1. 193. ets, ‘with reference to,’ or ‘as regards.’ 

d&pxewv with gen. of person, ‘to rule.’ 

1. 195. éy-orfjoat, etc. ‘to instil into the minds of the soldiers,” lit. 
‘to produce in them the opinion that,’ etc. 

&@s depends on ri yen. 

1. 196. €« rod elvat, ‘from the fact that he was...’ Cp. I. 24n. 

l. 197. oruyvds dpav, just as we say ‘stern to look upon,’ i.e. ‘of 
stern countenance.’ [‘Opay in Latin would be ‘aspectu tristis’ (not 
aspicere), but the Greek infinitive far more nearly resembles the English 
in its uses than the Latin does.] 

1. 198. hyetro. ‘Hyeio@a, like Lat. ducere, may mean either ‘to lead’ 
or ‘to think.” When it means ‘to lead,’ it takes a dative of the person 
led, when it means ‘to think,’ it takes accus. and infin. 

1. 201. Distinguish by the accent puAaxds, acc. pl. fem. of pudAan), 
‘act of watching, or ‘watch’ (Lat. vigilias), from vAaxas, acc. pl. 
masc. of puAag, ‘ watchers’ (Lat. vigiles), The word guard in English 
is ambiguous, having both meanings. 

1. 206. 450v tov tpdaov, ‘a pleasant. manner,’ lit. ‘Ais manner a 
pleasant (one),’ i.e. the manner [which] he had [was] not a pleasant 
one. The article coming between the adj. and the noun makes the adj. 
a predicate in apposition to the noun. If it were rév 75iyv rpdmoy, the 
Hdvv would be merely an epithet of rpdrov. Cp. IV. 269 n. 

1. 207. St-éxewro, etc., ‘were to him in the position of, etc. Ataxetabar 
acts as the passive of 8:a-70évas, ‘ to put into a certain state or condition.’ 


\ 


116 NOTES, 


injured,’ i. e. ‘ was it because you were injured,’ etc. A Greek participle, 
without the article, must often be translated by a conjunction, such as 
‘when,’ ‘if,’ ‘because,’ etc., with the indic. mood of the verb; so this 
= Sri 45:446ns. What conjunction has to be supplied from the participle 
must depend on the sense of the passage. 

1, 262. ovSév. The accus. of respect after 75:76, ‘was injured in 
nothing, i.e. ‘was not at all injured.’ 

1, 263. 4Suxy-On, 1st aor. pass. of d-5ix-éo, Cf. 1. 254 n. on #3ten-ce. 

qpaory-oev, Ist aor. of épwr-dw, fut. pwrh-cm, (n=e+€.) 

1, 264. ye-yevij-o0a1, perf. pass. infin. of yi-yv-oua: (stem yev-), fut. 
yev-7]-copa. 

Il. 266, 267. yevéoOar, yevoluny, 2nd aor. infin. and opt. of yi-yvonar, 

1, 268. SdéEay, ist aor. opt. act. of doxéw. 

l, 269. map-odow. Cp. 1. 103 n. 

1. 270. dmé-pyv-at, Ist aor. mid. imper. of dwo-paly-w, fut. dwo-pav-d, 
Ist aor, dn-é-pyv-a. [Distinguish by the accent (1) dmé-pny-as, Ist aor. 
mid. imper., (2) dwo-pijva:, 1st aor. act, infin. | 

1, 272. dgavife, ‘ put out of the way,’ lit. ‘cause to disappear’ (from 
d, ‘not,’ and dav- root of paly-ec@a:, ‘to appear’). Hence a milder way 
of saying ‘to kill.’ 

1. 273. 8€p, subjunctive of the impersonal verb de?, Verbs in -é of 
two syllables only contract the syllables e+¢ and €+et, as mAée, mei, 
mwhéet, wrt: but wAéw, wAdover, mA, etc., remain uncontracted. 

uAdrrecOat, act. ‘to guard,’ mid. ‘to guard against’ or ‘ward off 
{from ourselves],’ i.e. ‘be on our guard against.’ Cp. IIT. gi n. 

1, 275. Distinguish tabré for rd abra, from 6 adros, ‘ the same things,’ 
from tatra, neut. pl. of obros, ‘ these things.’ 

1, 276. CAaBov rijs tdvys, ‘took hold of the girdle, (évys being the 
gen. of the part laid hold of. “EAaBov riv (ayny would be ‘ took’ or 
‘received the girdle.’ 

émt Oavare, lit.‘ with a view to, or “as a sign of” death.’ Taking 
hold of a man’s girdle was a sign that he was doomed to death. 

1.277. reraypévor. Cp. 1. 75 n. 

ef-y-ov, imperf. of éf-dy-w. Distinguish #y-ov, the imperf. from . 
hy-ay-ov, the 2nd aor. of dyw. (n=«+a.) 

1. 278. els-nvéx-On, Ist aor. pass. from the stem -évex-, to which 
(els)-pépo supplies the present. 

1, 279. otSels—otre. For the multiplied negatives in Greek cp. 1. 141, 
II. 59 n. 

I. 280, efS-ev, 2nd aor. from stem i8-, i.e. Fub-. Cp. Lat. vid-eo, 
Eng. ‘to wit.’ The augment « marks the lost letter F (since dd= 
4:0); dpd-w supplies the present, meaning the continuous process of 

sceing or ‘watching’ a thing; the aorist implying the momentary act 


I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 117 


of seeing, in the sense of ‘to catch sight of, ‘espy,’ ‘see at a 
glance, ‘ 
ve-Ovyxéra, perf. part. acc. sing. masc. of 6vfaK. 

1. 281. €&-dv-n, 2nd aor. pass. of galy-w (stem dav-), 

1. 284. peydAou BactAéws. Cp. ll. 182 and 22 n. 

G&ar-nyyéAA-ov, imperf. of dw-ayyéAA-w (stem dyyeA-). (n= +4.) 

1. 286. &é-Odpovv-ev, imperf. of Oapoby-a. 

ll. 289, 296. yéveoOe, yévnoGe, 2nd pl. imperat. and subj. of the 2nd 
aor. of yiyvoyan - : 

1. 290. 4s, instead of fv éxere. What is a relative sentence? It is 
simply a long adjective. As adjectives agree in case with their sub- 
stantives, the Greeks make the relative do the same. The relative then 
is said to be ‘attracted’ into the case of its antecedent, i.e. is made to 
agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender, number, and 
person. To avoid confusion, this is only done when the relative would 
otherwise have been in the accusative. Cp. dvr? mévrov ov éxw in the 
next line, and the English ‘instead of what I have.’ 

1. 293. €m-laor, ‘will advance. Remember that eZ, though present 
in form, has a future meaning, ‘I will go.’ [The t of the stem appears 
also in Lat. i-re.] 

1, 294. dvd-oxnobe (2nd aor. subj. mid. of dy-éxw), ‘endure;’ lit. 
“hold yourselves up against.’ Lat. sustinere. 

1. 295. 54 emphasises alcxbvopa:, ‘I am quite ashamed.’ 

aloyvvopat Aéyov, ‘I am quite ashamed when I tell you;’ [aloxdvopcs 
Adyew would mean ‘I am ashamed to tell you,’ and therefore do not tell 
you, or in other words, ‘shame prevents me from telling you.’] Cp. note 
on ddunOets 1. 261. 

1, 298. oftko., ‘at home’ (Lat. dom?); the old locative or ‘ place-at- 
which’ case, answering to the question where? [Distinguish olor, ‘at 
home,’ from olor, ‘ houses,’ nom. pl. of ofxos.] 

1. 300. ewe. Cp. 1. 156 n. 

kal phy, ‘certainly.’ Kal py is literally ‘and indeed :’ it generally 
introduces something new, and means ‘moreover’ or ‘yet.’ Here it 
introduces a new speaker, who has an objection to make. 

1. 302. pe-pvf-cecOa, the paulo-post fut. or fut. perf. of pu-pr}-onm 
(stem pva-), but as the perf. pass. né-yvy-pat has a present meaning, ‘I 
remember’ (lit. ‘I have called to mind’), peywjooua: is used as a simple 
future. In Latin also the perf. memini and the fut. meminero are used 
in the same way. 

1. 303. Suvaro, and sing. pres. opt. of ddvapa. 

1. 304. an-explv-aro, Cp. 1. 149 n. 

L. 313. €&-fyyeAA-ov. Cp. 1. 284 n. 

1. 314. Hp-ero, 2nd aor. of ép-opat, ‘I ask’ (instead of which tpwth-o 


118 XOTES. 


is used). Distinguish §p-ere, znd aor. of épomar, ‘ask;° ypero, imperf. 
mid. of affe, ‘lift up;’ and rpero, imperf. mid. of aipéw, ‘ take’ 
L 315. paxdo@e:. What texse of payopm is this? See in Voca- 


oy. Cp. 1 245 n. 

L 318. éyé-ero. Cp. L 103 n. 

L. 319. riev-pera-Kpov-BapBapev. The article ravy makes an adjective 
of the words between it and its noun BapBapew. Cp. 1. 109 n. 

L 323. &Aéy-ovro. Cp. 1 164 2. 

L 322. wapa rotbrovs, ‘ besides these.’ [apd with the accus. signifies 
getting beside a thing, or passing by it, and hence ‘going beyond it.’ 
Hence sapd ravra means ‘ besides this,” ‘ moreover,’ Lat. praeterea. 

1. 323. 4px-ev, imperf. of dpy-w, ‘I rule’ or ‘command.’ (y=€+4.) 

L 324. ovv-reraypéveg. Cp. 1 75 2. 

gero. Cp. 1 236 n. 

L. 326. é-p4x-ero, imperf: of pdy-opar. 

Sed wodAdv jpepav, ‘during several days.’ Ard signifies division into 
parts, hence an inéerval of time. 

1. 327. torepaig. The feminine ending shows that jyépg is under- 
stood. So rH mporepaigq, ‘the day before.’ 

é-nopev-ero. Cp. 1. 108 n. 





CHAPTER II. 


THE BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 


(The name Cunaxa is given by Plutarch, not by Xenophon. - It was 
on the Euphrates, about forty miles north-west of Babylon.) 


1. 5. dvd xpdros, ‘at full speed,’ lit. ‘ according to one’s full strength. 

Stu Pacrdevs awpos-épxerar, ‘that the king was coming.’ But the 
Greeks use 87: before 2 direct speech, though we use our corresponding 
word ‘that’ only before an indirect. “Ori (8 rt) is really a relative, so 
that Aéyouv Sr, etc. means ‘saying that which follows,’ viz. ‘the king is 
coming.’ 

1. 13. peta robrov, ‘after him’ or ‘xext to him.’ Distinguish this 
from pera rovrov, which would mean ‘ with him.’ 

]. a1. xadnéds rts éAape, lit. ‘some brass was shining,’ i.e. ‘there 
was a gleaming of brass.’ Note the force of the imperfects éylyvovro 
and kat-epalvovro, ‘ began to come’ and ‘ began to be visible,’ 


II, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 119 


1. 24. €xdpevor, ‘next to these,’ lit. ‘holding on to.” "Exw is ‘T have’ 
or ‘hold,’ éxopna: (with gen.) intrans. ‘I hold on to’ a thing, i.e. ‘I 
follow’ or ‘am next to.’ 

1, 27. daro-rerapéva, perf. pass. part. from dao-reivw. The v of the 
stem tev- is dropped, and the e changed to a, as in é-omap-xa, é-cmap-pat. 
Thus we get ré-ra-xa, ré-ra-pat. [Eng. ‘ten-sion,’ ‘¢en-don.’] 

1. 34. wetroufxapev, the perf. instead of the fut., speaking as if the 
thing were already done, ‘if we beat the centre, we have won the 
day.’ 

ov« 70eXev, etc. The Greeks were always afraid of leaving their 
right or unshielded side without protection. Here this over-caution on 
the part of Clearchus lost the battle. 

1. 41. Hpero, 2nd aor. from époya (pres. épwrdw). Cp. I. 314 n. 

1, 43. SopvBov, the gen. of the source from which the sound proceeds. 
When dxovey has a double object, it takes the accus. of the thing heard, 
and the gen. of the person from whom you hear it; as dod radrd gov, 
‘I hear these things from you.’ 

1, 46. Stu wap-épxerar. See note on Sr: apos-Epxerai, 1. 5. 

1, 48. Séxopar tov oiwvév, Lat. omen accipio. Cyrus accepts the 
words ‘ Preserver’ and ‘ Victory’ as an omen of success. 

1. 50. tpo-qnpxovro, imperf. of mpo-épxopar. "Hpxéuny in form might 
also be the imperf. of dpyopa:, ‘I begin;’ the sense decides. 

1. 53. katd «patos, ‘at full speed,’ lit. ‘according to one’s (full) 
strength, the same as dvd x«pdros,1.5. [Though dvd and xard have 
originally opposite meanings, up and down, they come to the same 
thing, when the idea is simply that of motion along a given line and 
towards a given point; if this point is not local, they both come to mean 
‘in the way of’ or ‘through.’] 

1, 54. Oetv Spdpq, ‘to run fasé,’ lit. ‘at a run” The addition of a word 
of similar meaning adds force to the verb; thus ¢dfov goBeiaGaz, ‘to be 
sore afraid.’ Cp. the Lat. cursim currere. 

1. 59. o85&—otSels—ov5év. Two or more negatives in Greek do not 
make an affirmative, as in English, but a stronger negative. Thus ovde 
ovdels is ‘not even a single one.” Cp. 1.141, 279 n. In older English 
negatives used to be multiplied thus, as in Chaucer's Prologue 251 
‘There nas (was not) no man nowhere so virtuous.’ 

1, 70. &s kuxAdowv, ‘ with intent to enclose,’ lit. ‘as about to enclose.’ 
“Ms with the fut. part. denotes a purpose. 

1.77. war-eXelpOyoav. Distinguish érclpony, Ist aor. pass. of Aci, 
from éAjOny, Ist aor. pass. of AapBdave. 

l. 79. Notice the historical presents éhavver, maies, ritpwoke, marking 
the rapidity with which all this was done. With this rash act of Cyrus 
compare the conduct of Pelopidas at the battle of Cynoscephalae, B. c. 


I20 NOTES. 


364, when, enraged at the sight of his hated enemy, Alexander of Pherae, 
he rushed upon him, and thus met his death (Plutarch, Life of Pelo- 
pidas). 

1, 83. & pev otv Kipos, ‘Cyrus, as we have said. The pev contrasts 
Kipos with of 5¢ BapBapo: following, the ovv, ‘then’ or ‘in fact,’ (cp. I. 
6 n.) refers back to what has been just related. Mev may often be 
translated ‘ while’ or ‘ whereas.’ : 

l.g1. qo8ovro. Distinguish go@éunyv, 2nd aor. of alcddvopaz, ‘I per- 
ceive,’ from fo6ny, Ist aor. pass. of #doua:, ‘1 am pleased.’ 

l. 99. éotyoay, 3rd pl. of éorny, intrans., and therefore the 2nd aor. 
of isrnm. The same word might also be the 3rd pl. of éornoa, the 
1st aor. of tornys, and would then mean ‘they placed.’ In torn the 
2nd aor. and the perf. with the pluperf. are intransitive, the other tenses 
are transitive. 

Aédos, probably an artificial mound, as there are no natural hills on 
the Babylonian plain. 

]. 105. avd «patos. See note on l. 5. 

év Toure, sc. xpévy. Cp. note on é« rovrov, I. 85. 

1. 108. reOvnxdta, ‘that he was dead.’ The Greeks used the participle 
after verbs of knowing, feeling, perceiving, and the like, to express the 
fact known or felt. In Latin it would be nesciebant eum mortuum esse 
(accus. and infin.). [O?$a with the infin. means ‘I know how to,’ as 
otda Civ, ‘I know how to live.’] 

1.118. &pphoavro, ‘had started.” The Greek aorist in a minor 
sentence must often be rendered by the English pluperfect. Here Glus 
and Procles would say, ‘ Ariaeus ts at the station, whence we started 
yesterday ;” the Greek historian, reporting their words, keeps the 
aorist ‘started, where we should alter it to ‘had started.’ Cp. I. 
254 0. 

1,125. elwov Ort Kedever, ‘that the king commanded. For &n 
introducing a direct speech, see note on Sr: BaoiAets mpos-épyera, 
l. 5. 

1.128. Hpero. Cp. I. 314 n. 

1, 133. oa@feoOar, middle voice, ‘ to save yourselves.” 

1,138. wAelovos for, ‘more valuable,’ lit. ‘worth more,” wAefovos 
(comparative of woAAov) being the gen. of price. The phrase moAAod 
dfé.os may generally be translated by one word, ‘ valuable,’ ‘ serviceable,’ 
or ‘useful.’ 

1, 142. éltrare, the imperative of ef7a, 1st aor. The 2nd aor. eTzov is 
more commonly used. 

1. 144. Tatra Gmep, ‘the same as,’ Lat. eadem quae. Cp. I. 275 n. 
for the difference between raivra and radra. 

1, 149. Remember that pévovow may be another part of the verb, 


- 


III. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 121 


besides the 3rd pl. pres. indic. So also da-to¥o: and mpo-iotow in the 
next line.’ 

1. 158. eftrovro, imperf. of &1-opna, ‘I follow.’ The augment « marks 
a lost letter, which reappears in Lat. ‘seq-uor.’ Distinguish this from 
éim-ov, 2nd aor. from stem éa- (pres. ¢npl), ‘I say.’ 





CHAPTER III. 


BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 


1.11. efpuxas wept omovSav, sc. Aéyew (1. 15). Thus we say, ‘I 
came about so and so,’ i.e. ‘ to talk about it.’ 

1. 13. xnpixwv. The gen. of the person after dxovoas, ‘ after hearing 
[their statements from] the heralds.’ Cp. II. 43 n. 

1.15. dpvorov. This might be (1) dpiorov, ‘ breakfast,’ (2) dpiorov 
neut. of dpioros, ‘ best.’ The sense decides. 

1, 22. dmo00-huAakav, pres. part. of dmo8o-pudaréw. Compounds 
not made with prepositions are formed from nouns already compounded, 
and generally end in -éw. Thus émo0o-pvAaxéw comes from the noun 
émo8o-piras, vav-paxéw from vav-pdxos, etc. Prepositions usually form 
compounds with the simple verbs, as xara-pvAdooe, mpos-pdxopa. 

1. 26, éweordrea. This is formed from the noun émordrns, which is 
already compounded ; so being formed from a noun it ends in -éw (see 
the last note). ’E¢-tornu is the compound of ém and torn. 

1. 28. €mate, imperf. ‘he would strike him,’ i.e. as often as there was 
occasion to do so. 

1. 32. wal, ‘also’ (as well as the younger men). Beware of translating 
wai by ‘and,’ when it does not couple words or sentences. If so translated 
here it would couple mpos-eAduBavoy with édpwv, and make it governed 
by éze?, thus leaving the sentence without any principal verb, which 
would make nonsense. Cp. I. 21 n. 

1. 36. éyxéhadov, the part [within the «epadr or ‘ head’), i.e. the 
‘cabbage’ (as it is called) of the palm-tree ; a sort of bud at the top of 
the tree, containing the rudiments of its future leaves, enclosed in the 
foot-stalks of the actual leaves. This part was edible as well as the 
fruit or date. , 

1. 41. yelrwv, ‘a neighbour,’ as satrap of the west coast of Asia 
Minor. 


122 . NOTES. 


1. 42. qrovpny, imperf. mid. of ailréw. [Observe that alréw is ‘I ask 
for a thing,’ épwraw, ‘I ask a question.’ 

1. 44. av pou xdpw, ‘will thank me.’ "Eyewv xdpv, ‘to have’ or 
‘feel gratitude.’ Lat. habere gratiam., 

1. 50. év dmépots, neut. plur. adj. used substantively, ‘in difficul- 
ties.’ 

1. 55. &pivew in the active is ‘to ward off’ a thing, as dpivew randy 
ri. The middle duvvecOa is ‘to ward off an enemy from oneself,’ so 
generally to ‘ punish’ an enemy, with acc. of person, as here. 

1.57. pevévrwv might be (1) gen. plur. of participle, (2) 3rd person 
plur. imperative. The sense decides. 

1. 60. 4 phy, ‘in very truth,’ used before the words of a solemn 
oath. 

l. 67. émeaSdv = éwedy) dy, ‘as soon as.” Compounds of dy (as Sray, 
émreddv, édy, etc.) take the subjunctive ; with the aorist they have the 
force of ‘ shall have.’ 

1, 72. pa ob mordg ely, ‘lest he should be faithless.” The ob belongs 
to mords, ov-mords being equivalent to dmoros. 

1. 75. Sofopev, ‘we shall be thought,’ lit. ‘we shall seem.’ The per- 
sonal verb Soxéw means (1) ‘I think,’ (2) ‘I seem,’ i.e. ‘I am thought.’ 

mapa tas oovdds, ‘contrary to the truce.’ Tapa, ‘ by the side of,’ 
often with acc., means ‘ passing by,’ ‘ going beside the mark,’ ‘neglect- 
ing’ or ‘ transgressing,’ hence ‘ contrary to.’ 

émevra, ‘then’ or ‘after this.” Distinguish from éret, ‘ when.’ 

1. 77. AeAclerar, ‘will have been left,’ i.e. ‘we shall ave no friend 
left.” The paulo-post future, or future-perfect, implies that the action of 
event will be completed at a future time. Were the idea is, when that 
time comes, we shall find ourselves without friends. 

1. 85. trovfjoat tad mora dora, lit. ‘to make his faithful things 
faithless,’ i.e. ‘ falsify his pledges.’ 

1. gt. €pvAdrrovro ddAfhAous, ‘kept on their guard against each 
other.” The act. ¢uddrrav is ‘to guard’ or ‘ protect” anyone (Lat. 
cavere alicui), the mid. puAdrreaba is ‘to guard oneself against’ anyone 
(Lat. cavere aliquem). 

1, 92. té6 MySlas retxos, ‘the wall of Media,’ so called because it was 
built to keep the Medes out of Babylonia (so the ‘ Picts’ Wall” was to 
. prevent incursions of the Picts): see opposite page. The wall of Media 
was situated about 100 miles N.W. of Babylon, and must originally have 
extended from the Tigris to the Euphrates ; but at this time there was 
a considerable gap in the wall at the western or Euphrates end. 
Tissaphernes must therefore have first led the Greeks some sixty miles 
in a homeward (or north-westerly) direction, through this gap to the 
north side of the wall, then have brought them back through the wall 


III. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 123 


into Babylonia again (efow ro¥ relyous), and lastly led them about 
twenty-four miles eastward to Sittace on the Tigris}. 

1. 98. Svopa, ‘by name,’ the accus. of respect. Caenae would be on 
the right or west bank of the Tigris, since it was the opposite side to 
the Greeks, who were marching northwards, with the river on their 
left. 

1, 100. Zawétav (or Zafdray) trorapév, now the Great Zab, or Upper 
Zab, one of the chief tributaries of the Tigris on the east. 

1, 105. pr aduchoewv depends on Spxous, ‘oaths not to injure,’ i.e. 
‘oaths that we will not injure.’ 


1. 106. pvAarrépevov, ‘ guarding against.’ See note on line gt. 


CZ 
ve 
C2 
oo a 
7 






_encmn anne og 
eo 


° 
SY 
- 
‘o* 


1. 108. S8d£ov, the fut. part. denoting purpose, ‘¢o show you.” 

1. 110. év rp wapévre [xpdvy], ‘at the present time.’ 

l. 112. w&ot 886s, ‘every road, waoa 4 456s, (next line), ‘all the 
road,’ i. e. ‘our whole line of march.’ 


1 This identifies Myndias reixos with the Wall of Nimroud, said to have 
been originally built by Nimrod, ‘against the Ninevite invaders from the 
north. Another view is that the ‘ Wall of Media’ was a long way south ot 
this, between Cunaxa and Babylon, and that Sittace was much lower down 
the Tigris than it is placed in the above map. In this case, the Greeks 
would have passed only once through the wall, from the north, so as to get 
‘inside,’ i.e. on the south side, of it. 


124 NOTES, 


1. 113. Sta oxérous, ‘through darkness,” i.e. ‘uncertain,’ as we say 
‘to be in the dark’ about a thing. [dros in Xenophon is generally 
declined like reiyos with genitive oxdrovs. It is also declined like Adyos 
with gen. oxérov.] 

1, 118. tére, ‘I then’ (i.e. at the time when I joined Cyrus, see I. 26) 
‘desired that... 

ll. 123, 4. The first nal may be translated ‘even,’ implying many 
reasons to hope; the second kal is ‘also,’ i.e. ‘that you also will wish 
to be our friend’ [as we wish to be yours]. See note on 1. 32. 

1, 128. fs xdpuros fv éxoupev. Xap ~xew means ‘feel gratitude.’ 
See note on 1. 44. 

1, 129. Here as in 1, 83 the pév emphasises the subject Clearchus as 
opposed to Tissaphernes, the otv refers back to what has been related 
before. ‘So while Clearchus . 

1. 131. GAA4, ‘well.’ The idea is— though Ts am glad to hear you talk 
thus, yet I will show you that you have no reason to distrust us.’ 

HSopar takes the dative, hence we have ‘J am pleased with you 
speaking,’ i.e. ‘that you speak.’ 

1. 132. o¥8€, ‘not even,’ i. e. ‘you no more than we.’ 

1, 133. &muoro(nre, the opt. in -oimy of contracted verbs is a 
peculiar Attic form. It is very common in the singular (cp. Soxoin, 
Avzoln, ll. 28, 54 above), but it is not so often used in the 1s¢ and and 
persons plural. 

1, 135. ots, ‘with which.’ Observe that the Greek dative supplies the 
Latin ablative of instrument, while the genitive supplies the Latin 
ablative meaning ‘ from.’ 

1. 139. mwap-éxoupev dv, ‘could render.’ 

1. 141. Sta-mropevourev, ‘put you across.’ oped in the act, is ‘to 
provide a passage’ (népos) for any one, i. e. ‘cause to pass;’ in the mid. 
‘to provide oneself with a passage,’ i.e. intrans, ‘to pass,’ ‘ march,’ etc. 

1. 144. 0082 ef mdvu dyaGol, ‘not even if ever so brave.’ 

1, 145. mépous mpés, ‘means for,’ i. e. ‘ ways of.’ 

1. 151. pot, not ‘to me,’ which would be mpds éye, but (literally) ‘for 
me,’ i.e. ‘to oblige me.’ This is called the ethical dative. 

1. 152. os depends on trav Aeydyroy, ‘those who say that.’ 

1. 153. TH ovv enol orparig. Cp. I. 109 n. 

1. 159. pera tadra, Cp. I. 128 n. 

1. 164. ot &¢ wavres, etc. Here ndvres is an apposition with of, which 
is not the article but a pronoun,—‘ they did not all come.’ 

1, 170. éxeu tTHv Sleyy, ‘has his just punishment,’ lit. ‘¢ke punishment 
[which he deserves].’ The article in Greek is often used for a posses- 
sive pronoun. Cp. I. 15 n. Observe the wary form of Xenophon’s 
answer. Ie really means ‘even supposing Clearchus deserved his death, 


III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 125 


yet, according to your own showing, Proxenus and Menon should come 
back.’ 

1,175. d¥-hxO@noav, ‘were taken up,’ i.e. to the king’s court. Cp. 
I. 7 n. 

1. 180. wat ydp 5%, ‘ for in fact,’ or ‘in proof of this.’ The 51) shows 
that what is going to be said confirms the previous assertion that 
Clearchus was ‘very fond of war.’ ~ 

1, 181. daynpére (imperfect), ‘ continued to serve.’ 

1. 183. Opqxes, i.e. on the Hellespont. Cp. I. 30. 

1. 185. “IoOpod, i.e. the isthmus of Corinth. He probably had to 
touch there to take up some of the allies of Sparta. 

1, 187, €BavaraOn, ‘ was condemned to death.’ @avardédw usually means 
*I put to death,’ lit. ‘I cause death’ to anyone. [Verbs in -é derived 
from the stems of nouns mean to cause or make something, as SovA-dm 
(from dovAos), ‘I make anyone a slave,’ woAep-dw (wéAepos, ‘I cause to 
be at war,’ i. e. ‘make hostile.’] 

ll. 188-191. See the account in I. 25-30. 

1, 191. otrw pev obv, ‘thus as we have said. The yey prepares for 
the 3¢ which follows, ‘not only fond of war but a good commander.’ 

1. 193. eis, ‘ with reference to,’ or ‘as regards.’ 

épxew with gen. of person, ‘to rule.’ 

1. 195. éu-morfjoat, etc. ‘to instil into the minds of the soldiers,’ lit. 
‘to produce in them the opinion that,’ etc. 

®s depends on ri yopny. 

1. 196. é« rod efvat, ‘from the fact that he was...’ Cp. I. 24n. 

l. 197. orvyvds Spay, just as we say ‘stern to look upon,’ i.e. ‘of 
stern countenance.’ [‘Opay in Latin would be ‘aspects tristis’ (not 
aspicere), but the Greek infinitive far more nearly resembles the English 
in its uses than the Latin does.] 

1. 198. Hyetro. ‘Hyeia@a, like Lat. ducere, may mean either ‘to lead’ 
or ‘to think.” When it means ‘to lead,’ it takes a dative of the person 
led, when it means ‘to think,’ it takes accus. and infin. 

1. 201. Distinguish by the accent pvAaxds, acc. pl. fem. of gvAan, 
‘act of watching, or ‘watch’ (Lat. vigilias), from gvAakas, acc. pl. 
masc. of @vAag, ‘ watchers’ (Lat. vigiles), The word guard in English 
is ambiguous, having both meanings. 

1, 206. 450v tov tpdtrov, ‘a pleasant. manner,’ lit. ‘his manner a 
pleasant (one),’ i.e. the manner [which] he had [was] not a pleasant 
one. The article coming between the adj. and the noun makes the adj. 
a predicate in apposition to the noun. If it were rdv 75tv rpdmoy, the 
Hovv would be merely an epithet of rpdmov. Cp. IV. 269 n. 

1. 207. 8t-éxewvro, etc., ‘were to him in the position of,’ etc. Araxeioba 
acts as the passive of 5:a-7:0évat, ‘to put into a certain state or condition.” 


126 NOTES. 


1. 209. Alg, dative of cause, ‘through friendship.’ 

1. 210. 84 sums up the whole description, ‘such as I have stated.” The 
dé in next line contrasts with the péy, i. e. ‘ though he was so Strict as a 
commander, yet he was unwilling to obey others.’ 


CHAPTER IV. 
THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 


1. 1. woAAq 84. Here 3) emphasises woAAg, ‘in the greatest possible 
perplexity.” 

1, 2. GOvpws efxov. “Exe is often used intransitively with an ad- 
verb, like the Lat. se habere, Fr. se trouver, so that d@vpms efyov implies 
the state of being dévpo, i.e. ‘they were in a desponding state of mind.’ 
So eb xe, xaxws Exe ‘to be well off, ‘to be badly off.’ 

1. 3. eis tiv éomrépav, ‘for the evening,’ i.e. ‘throughout the whole 
evening. 

1. 4. émt rd Sarda, ‘to their quarters.” The heavy arms (3rAa) were 
piled in camp in front of the men’s quarters, hence 7a éxAa meant 
‘the place where the arms were piled.’ 

1. 5. érdyxavev dy, lit. ‘happened being,’ i. e. ‘happened éo be,’ ‘ was at 
the time. 

1. 6. 2600u watpiSev, objective genitive, ‘regret for their fatherlands.’ 

1. 7. prwore, ‘that they would never.’ 

L 8. pév 8. Cp. III. 210 n. The 51) sums up the paragraph, while 
the pév contrasts with qv dé r:s in the next section. 

ovrw S1a-Kelpevon, ‘in this state. Cp. III. 207 n. 

1. 12. ef €XOor, ‘if he came.’ The optative here equals the past sub- 
junctive, and the aorist gives the sense of ‘have ;’ so in Latin it would 
be ‘ pollicitus est, si venisset, se facturum ;’ etc. 

1.14. Distinguish the middle ovp-BovAevera, ‘takes counsel with,’ 
from the active ovup-BovAeve (next line), ‘gives counsel to.’ 

Xenophon had been a disciple of Socrates from his youth; Socrates 
himself wrote nothing, so we are indebted to his two pupils Xenophon 
and Plato for what we know of him. Xenophon’s Memorabilia 
(Reminiscences), or notes of Socrates’ sayings, show the teacher's 
practical good sense. Plato had a real grasp of philosophy and had 
imagination as well, and in his dialogues or ‘imaginary conversations’ 
he depicts Socrates as a most subtle and humorous arguer on the 
deepest questions of philosophy. 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 127 


1,17. éw-npero. Cp. II. 41n. 

Distinguish tim, ‘to whom?’ from rw, ‘to anyone.” 

1. 18. Gv Qvor, the optative with dy makes a conditional mood, ‘to 
whom he should.’ : 

1, 19. naAds mp&far. Observe that apdrreyv with an adverb means 
‘to fare ;’ 7d xaddv mparrey would mean ‘to do what is honorable.’ 

1, 21. qrigro, imperf. of alrid-opa:, ‘to blame.’ Do not confound this 
with any part of the verb alr-éw, ‘I ask.’ 

1, 24. ottws, ‘in this way.’ 

jpov from Apdéuny, ‘I asked.’ ypou would be imperfect mid. of aipw, 
‘I lift up. 

1, 28. év SdpSeor. Sardis was the place appointed for the rendez-vous 
(I. 40). 

1, 30. éarel rdxvora, ‘as soon as ever.’ 

1. 31. Angeev. Distinguish Afyw, ‘I cease,’ from Aéyw, ‘I say, and 
from Adxo 2nd aor. subj. of Aayxavm, ‘I get by lot.’ | 

1, 32. TtolSas. Cp. I. 35 and note. 

1. 37. dxovres. Distinguish dxov, ‘unwilling,’ from d«ovey, ‘hearing.’ 

Spws, ‘yet’ (Lat. samen). Distinguish this word from dpoiws, ‘like- 
wise.” 

1. 38. aioxuvépevot with infin. ‘ashamed to betray,’ and therefore 
not betraying. With a participle it would be ‘ashamed at betraying, 
yet doing it. 

1. 39. els, ‘one.’ Distinguish from és, ‘ into.’ 

1, 42. Aaxdv tnvou, “having got some sleep. “Yrvov is the partitive 
gen., Aayxdve means properly ‘to obtain by Jot,’ hence generally, 
‘to obtain’ or ‘to get a share of.’ 

1. 44. waicav [rv olxiav], ‘all the house.’ 

1, 45. Sd rodro pév is answered by Spws Sé in 1. 47, ‘for this reason 
on the one hand . . . still on the other hand,’ etc. The good point of the 
dream was a light sent by Zeus to shine upon him in his distress, 
the bad points were (1) that the dream came from Zeus as King, which 
seemed to imply mischief from the hing of Persia, (2) that the flames 
appeared to encircle the house (AdpmrecOa: xix), which implied the 
impossibility of escape from the king’s power. For Spws cp. 1. 37 n. 

1. 47. pj od Sivatro. Od goes with dvvarro, ‘lest he should be un- 
able.’ Cp. od-mords, ITI. 72 and n. 

1, 52. AnpOSpev, from AapBave, ‘to catch ;” AepO@pev would be from 
Aci, ‘to leave.’ . 

1. 53. td Sevdrara are the actual tortures, iBpfopévous refers to the 
mockery of their sufferings by the enemy. 

1. 54. Srws cwodpe8a, ‘how we shall be in safety.’ “Owws with the 
fut. ind. follows words of ‘ caring’ and ‘effecting.’ 


128 NOTES. 


1. 55. Gowep éf-dv, ‘as if it were possible :’ éfdv is the accus. (not the 
nom.) neuter participle of the impersonal verb é£-eor:,: lit. ‘it being 
possible.’ [The accus. implies ‘time during which,” hence the use of 
these neuter participles expressing what happens at the same time with 
something else, as é¢-0v, wap-dv; ‘while it is possible,’ défay (1 aor. part. 
of Sone’), ‘when it had seemed good’ (Lat. guum visum esset).] 

1. 60. éxa€éfovro, As the compounds «a6-é(opas and «46-npor were much 
more commonly used than the uncompounded verbs €(oyuar and #ya, they 
ceased to be regarded as compounds at all: Hence the augment é was 
placed before the preposition «ard, instead of between the «ard and 
the €Copat. 

1. 61. €yévovro, ‘ became,’ i. e. ‘amounted to.’ 

1. 64. qpnvro, plup. pass. of alpéw, ‘I take,’ but in sense the passive of 
aipéopas (mid.), ‘I choose.’ So ypé@nv means ‘I was chosen’ not ‘I was 
taken.’ The passive of aipéw, ‘I take,’ is supplied by tenses of dAicxo- 
pat, as édAay, ‘I was taken,’ é&4Awxa, “I have been taken.’ 

1, 66. perd rotrov, ‘after him.’ Cp. IT. 13 n. 

l. 69. émloracOe. Distinguish ériorapa:, ‘I know,’ from é¢-iornp, 
‘I place upon.’ Cp. 1. 148 n. 

1. 72. ovv tots StAots, alluding to the demand made by the king that 
the Greeks should surrender their arms, which demand they had refused 
(II. 125-135). 

1. 73. +d Aourév, ‘during the future,’ ‘for the future:’ accus. of 
duration of time. 

1. 76. tapd rovs Spxous. Tapa, ‘contrary to.’ Cp. ITI. 75 n. 

1. 79. dva-pipvijonw takes two accusatives, ‘remind you of...’ 

1. 80. eiSijre from olda: f5nre would be from eZBov. 

1. 81. dyaQois, ‘it becomes you to be brave ;’ dyaois being the dative 
in apposition with dpiv, which is governed by mpos-jxe, since eva 
takes the same case after it as before. Cp. Horace, Sat. i. 1. 19 ‘licet 
[iis] esse beatis,’ ‘they may be happy.’ So after a verb governing the 
genitive we might say, édedunv avrod elvar dyafod, ‘I besought him to 
be brave.’ But see line go. . 

ll. 81-85. Ilepoav.. mpdrov..éwevra Sre Zéptns. The two events 
here alluded to are (1) the invasion of Greece in the time of Darius 
Hystaspes, ending in the defeat of the Persians at Marathon, B.c. 490, 
(2) the expedition led by Xerxes, who was defeated at the battle of 
Salamis, 8.c. 480. 

1. 84. wal, ‘also,’ not ‘and;’ évixwy being the principal verb in the 
sentence. Cp. III. 32 n. 

1. 85. wai..xat, here ‘both... and.’ 

1, 86. apni, ‘just now,’ i.e. at the battle of Cunaxa, which had been 

fought nearly two months previously. See Chap. IL 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 129 


1. 90. wpoo-fjee, here with acc. and infin, ‘It is fitting that you 
should be,’ cp. 1. 81. 

1.92. év-OupnOnre, imperative; év-eOupAOn7e would be indicative. 

1. 93. of pup.or tmneis, ‘their ten thousand horse,’ lit. ‘¢ke ten thou- 
sand horse’ which we know they have. 

1. 94. of trovodvres, ‘those who do.’ The article with a participle=a 
relative pronoun and verb. Cp. VIII. 356 n. 

ytyvjtat, ‘is done.’ 

1. 97. TO kata-tecetv, acc. after poBovpevor. Xenophon’s is the kind 
of humorous argument by which one might make a child laugh 
through its tears. Really the Persians were good riders (Cyropacdia, 
II. 2) who would not.‘ be afraid of tumbling off, and the Greeks soon 
found they could not get on without cavalry, see 1. 150. What was 
really reassuring was the fact that Xenophon evidently did not despair, 
as he could make a joke of their fears. 

1. 98. éorynkéres. “Eornxa means ‘I am standing.’ Cp. II. gg n. 

1. gg. évi pove, ‘in one point alone,’ like Lat. abl. of measure. 

1. 100. fpav, gen. after the mpd in mpo-éxovow, ‘are before us,’ 
‘superior to us.’ 

1. 101. oxepacGe, distinguish from éoxéfaoGe: cp. 1. 92. 

Baorrtéws deovros, ‘against the king’s will;’ Lat. inviso rege. 

1. 110. &s, ‘ with the intention of.’ Cp. II. yon. 

1. 113. tTpts-dopevos, to be taken adverbially with éroie. ‘Thrice- 
gladly’=‘very, gladly.’ [So rprs-a0\cos, ‘very wretched,’ tpis-paxap, 
‘very blest,’ or, as we sometimes say, ‘thrice blest.’ Cp. the Latin 
ter felix, etc.} 

éwole. &v.., el dpa, ‘would have done this, if he had seen,’ or 
more accurately, ‘ would have been (now) doing this, if he were seeing.’ 

The four forms of a conditional sentence are (1) ‘if it is, it is,’ (2) ‘if 
(ever) it be, it will be,’ (3) ‘if it were to be, it would be,’ (4) ‘if it had 
been, it would have been’ [but it is not]. This is the 4th form, and 
implies ‘but the king does not see us preparing to settle:’ just above 
we had the 3rd form Soin dv.., ef BovAowro, ‘he would give, etc., 
if they were to consent,’ etc. 

1. 119. év045e belongs to «opucapévors, ‘ having come here.’ 

1, 121. wpédcGev must be omitted in translation, as xplv follows in 
the next clause. We say (for instance), ‘I will not do it, before you 
come, the Greeks often said, ‘1 will not jirst (mpcaev) do it, before 
(piv) you come.’ 

1. 123. d&w-oAdo Oar dv, ‘that we should be ruined;’ the dy, ‘in that 
case,’ always implies an #f, so that ‘if they took’ is implied in AaBdvres. 

1, 124. Tous viv dpxovras, ‘our present commanders.’ Any word or 
words coming between the article and its noun stand as an epithet of Tas 


K 


130 NOTES. 


noun (cp. I. 109); hence such phrases as of viv, of wpéaev, etc., are con- 
veniently used instead of a longer expression. [So we sometimes say 
‘the then king.’ Cp. 1st Ep. to Timothy v. 23 ‘ thine often infirmities.’] 

1,125. yevéo@at, ‘prove themselves,’ lit. ‘become.’ Never translate 
yevéoOa as if it were merely the same.as elvaz, ‘ to be.’ 

1, 126. r&v-mpéc0ev-dpxdvrwv, gen. of comparison, ‘than,’ etc. viv 
4 wpéoGev, being without the article, are real adverbs qualifying weGo- 
p-évous: 7 means ‘than.’ 

éav Tis Gwe, Seqoet, this is the and form of conditional sentences: 
cp. L113 n. ‘If (ever) anyone should disobey.’ 

1. 127. del, ‘at the time,’ or ‘from the time.’ Cp. V. 287. 

tpav is the partitive gen. after tov, ‘the man (anyone) of your 
number who comes across [the offender] in each case.’ 

1. 128. ovv, ‘ with the help of,’ 

1. 130. dva-rewarw, ‘let him raise.’ The subject is understood in 
Sry, ‘ whoever.’ 

1, 133. wAalovov, ‘a square.” The object of the square was that it 
had four fronts, and so could fight on any side if an enemy attacked 
them. Each face of the square had a separate commander. ; 

1. 134. S00... ém-epeXotvro, not én-exeAcioOnv, because there is no 
stress laid on the fact of there being two only. Cp. I. 1n. 

1. 137. 8-€Bnoav. Remember this is the 2 aor. 

Zanatav, ‘the Zab.’ Cp. III. 100 n. 

1. 140. érégevov .. érdevSovav .. éritpwaKxov. Observe the force of 
the imperfects, 

1, 142. Suwwxréov. Verbal adjectives in -réos imply that something 
must or ought to be done, as ¢tAn-réos (Lat. amandus), ‘he must be 
loved.’ These have two constructions, (1) like the Latin gerundive, as 
of moAgpuoe Siweréos eioé: (2) as here, like the Latin gerund, as d:anxréov 
éori rovs woAeplous, ‘we must pursue the enemy. ([#:Anrés is not the 
same as ¢tAnréos, but is simply like Lat. amabilis, ‘ loveable.’] 

1, 148, émorapévous. Do not confound éwicrapa, ‘I understand,’ 
(1) with &¢-foraya mid. of éf-iornu, ‘I place upon,’ or (2) with mor- 
eta, ‘I believe,’ or with any word derived from aior-s, ‘ faith.’ 

odevSovay, infin. after émorapévous, ‘ knowing how to sling.’ [Verbs 
in -dw only contract into a and w, and always contract into a when 
no o is present; -dy is the contraction of the infinitive. ] 

1. 158. €w BedAGv, ‘out of shot’ (as we say). Bédos is lit. ‘out of 
[range of] missiles,’ 

1. 160. ot pév, i.e. the Greeks, of 5é, the enemy. 

For ettrovro from tropa cp. II. 158 n. 

1. 162. paxpdérepov, ‘longer,’ i.e. ‘further than... 

1, 165. wAalovov, ‘square, trdmAeupov, ‘equal-sided,’ i.e. an exact 


Iv. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 131 


‘square.’ A square is a good form in which to resist a charge -of 
cavalry, but a very clumsy form to march in. 

1. 167. éx-OAlBeoGar, ‘to be forced out of their rank,’ lit. ‘ squeezed 
out. [Hence in Latin Prosody Ecthlipsis is the ‘squeezing out’ of 
final m when the next word begins with a vowel, as multu(m) ille.} 

1. 168. td xépata ovy-kUmrp, ‘the outer flanks close in,’ lit. ‘bend 
together,’ i.e. ‘contract by bending.’ ‘The opposite, viz. ‘to get 
separated,’ is expressed by d:a-oxy, below 1. 171. 

1. 170. Sus-xphorovs. The subject is rovs dwAizas from 1. 167. 

1. 171. tovs rére OAtBopévous, ‘those who were squeezed together in 
the former case,’ i.e. when the wings («épara) had to close in. 

1. 172. 46 pécov tv Kepdtov, etc., ‘the space between the wings be- 
came empty of men,’ i.e. when there was a gap. Probably it means 
here a gap where the flanks of the square joined the front or rear of it. 

1, 173. tovs tatra mao xovras, ‘those who suffered this,’ i. e. found a 
gap near them. 

1,174. GAAnv tia SiaBaow, i.e. ‘any other crossing-place’ except a 
bridge, such as a ford, etc. 

1. 175. €omevde (imperf.), ‘would hurry on.’ Cp. III. 28 n, 

1. 178. & Aédxous dvd éxardv dvSpas, ‘six companies of 100 men 
each.’ This is the distributive force of dvd. Kara is similarly used. Cp. 
231 n. Distinguish é, ‘six,’ from &, ‘out of. The aspirate in é@ 
represents the s in Lat. sex. 

én-éoryoav is here the 1 aor. because it is transitive. Cp. IT. 99 n. 

1. 179. wevryKovriipas, ‘ leaders of fifty,’ i.e. leaders of half-companies, 
or ‘lieutenants.’ <A half-company contained fifty men, and two of them 
made a Aédxos or company. Each half-company was again subdivided 
into two sections, these were called Enomotiae (évopdriat, lit. ‘a band of 
men sworn in,’ from évy-dpvvju), and their leaders were called évwpdt- 
apxat, ‘ section-commanders,’ ‘ sublieutenants,’ or ‘ensigns.’ The whole 
number amounted to about 10,000 (I. 318); these six companies were 
only a small division, which could be shifted so as to give elasticity to 
the whole. Probably three marched in front, one in the centre of the 
front line, and one where each flank joined the front; and the other 
three in the same positions in the rear. 

1, 181. ovy-cumro, Cp. 1. 168 n. 

of Aoxayot t1-gnevov torepov, ‘the captains used to wait behind,’ 
i.e. made their companies drop out to the rear and give room for the 
others. 

1. 182. twap-fyov, ‘used to pass outside the wings,’ i.e. into line at 
the extremities of the wings. 

1. 184. 76 péoov does not mean the inside of the square, but the centre 
of the troops in front and rear. 


K 2 


132 NOTES, 


1.185. &4Baow. Cp. 1.174 n. 

1. 190. Distinguish avrijs rijs 6500, ‘the road itself,’ i.e. * right over 
the road,’ from (1) ris avrijs dd0U, ‘the same road,’ and (2) raurys tis 
6dov, ‘this road.’ 

1, 192. épav otaav, ‘seeing that it was.’ Cp. IT. 108 n. 

196, ot-tmép-rijs-d800-moAguior. Cp. I. 109 n. 

. 199. Tots-map’~éauTg-dvtas-meATacras, Cp. I. 109 n. 
. 200, €mAékrous, ‘as [a reserve of] picked troops.’ 
202. ol-éri-rod-Adhov-troAgpror, Cp. I. 109 n. 

1, 204. Sppnoav must be from dppaw, ‘I hasten.’ ‘Oppéw, ‘I anchor,’ 
has no Ist aor., and would not make sense. 

1, 205. Sta-xeAevopévev, ‘cheering their own troops.’ 

1. 209, él marks the object for which they were striving, i.e. their 
return to Greece. So we find éw) ri; ‘ for what purpose?’ "Iévas éwi 11, 
‘to go in quest of anything.’ 

1. 213. Oxet might be ‘ he carries,’ or ‘you are carried.’ The context 
decides. 

1, 215. B0etrat. The present makes it graphic, ‘shoves out of his 
place,’ then émopevero, the imperf., ‘ went on marching.’ 

1. 217. Sé nal. Ae couples the sentences, «a? means ‘ also.’ 

éruyxave €xwv, ‘had at the time,’ lit. ‘happened having.’ Cp. 1. 5 n. 

1, 218. @dpaxa tov immxdv. The cuirass or breast-plate of a cavalry 
officer was much heavier than that of a foot-soldier, and Xenophon had 
the infantry-soldier’s shield to carry as well. 

1. 219. tm-dyew, ‘march slowly.’ “Yad, ‘under,’ hence ‘ underhand,’ 
then ‘ little by little.’ 

1, 221. ore YvayKkacay, ‘till (as a matter of fact) they forced him.’ 
With the opt. it would mean ‘till such time as they should force him.’ 

1, 222. dva-Bas, sc. roy irmov, ‘ having mounted’ again. 

1. 225. Odavovor..-yevdpevor, lit. ‘anticipate the enemy having 
arrived,’ i.e. ‘arrived before the enemy.’ 

1. 228. évOev .. vOev, ‘on one side and on the other.’ 

1. 229. Spy drrep-vyyAa, the great mountain range, which commands 
the principal pass of the Tigris, near Jezireh. 

1, 231. katd terpaxts-xtdloug, ‘4000 at a time.’ Kara is here 
distributive. Cp. dvd 1. 178 n. 

I. 232. €m-Sdre, ‘give me besides,’ i.e. as a present. 

1. 233. Srov, ‘what,’ not ‘whatever.’ “Oors is used in an indirect 
question like zis in a direct. 

1. 234. bvonPévta;, ‘if blown up.’ The ‘if’ is implied by the dy 
which follows. 

1, 236. SuaBaow, herd ‘the means of crossing,’ not as in ll. 174, 186, 
‘the place to be crossed.’ [Verbal nouns in -o:s properly mean the act 


bt et et et 


IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 133 


of doing a thing, as woln-ois, ‘a producing;’ those in -pa signify the 
thing done, as woln-pa, ‘a production’ (thing produced).] 

1. 242. KwAvcovoer pr dAtoOdvev, Lat. ‘prohibebunt gvominus labantur.’ 
Where the main verb has a ‘not’ the Greeks put a ‘not’ with the 
dependent verb as well; so here the y«) merely emphasises the ‘not’ 
already contained in xwAvw, and therefore must not be translated in 
English. 

1. 246. ot Av éw-érperov, ‘would not have let the Greeks do 
this,’ i.e. ‘if they saw them trying it.’ The clause to be supplied 
would run ef é&pov adrods meipwpévovs. For dy with the imperf. cp. 
1. 113 n, 

1, 249.. Kap&-ovxovs. The root of this word is still preserved in the 
modern Kurd, Kurdistan. 

1, 250. Apxev, ‘ was satrap over,’ from dpxi), ‘ province.’ Cp. I. 6 n. 

1, 252. wdpodos, ‘ passage by the side of it,’ i.e. between the river and 
the cliffs. 

1. 253. darép atrod rod morapod, ‘right over the river.’ For the 
distinction between airds 6 and 6 atrds cp. 1. 190 n. 

1, 255. ris vuerés, ‘during the night.’ The gen. of time is really a 
partitive gen. denoting a period within which something takes place, as 
Huépas, ‘by day,’ vuxrds, ‘by night.’ So in older English ‘he did it 
o nights.’ Observe also that »verds means generally ‘ by night,’ r7js 
vuxros, ‘ during this particular night.’ 

1, 257. elmero, ‘ was following.’ Cp. II. 158 n. 

1, 260. €xowres. The parf. éxav may often be translated ‘ with,’ as 
yAGev Exaw Tov vidy, ‘he came with his son.’ 

1. 263. 5H emphasises rére, ‘ at that moment,’ Lat. tum demum. 

1. 267. otrtws, ‘in this order;’ Cheirisophus leading and Xenophon 
bringing up the rear (cp. 1. 256). 

1. 269. txava ra émurfSea, ‘ the provisions (which they had) were not 
sufficient.’ The pesition of the article between the adjective and noun 
makes ixaya the predicate of the sentence. Cp. III. 206 n. 

1, 272. rots 6maGoptAag: depends on éyiyvero, ‘ for the rear-guard.’ 

1, 273. Distinguish qraro, imperf. of airtd-oua, ‘I blame,’ from 
retro, imperf. mid. of airé-w, ‘I ask.’ : 

1, 278. ot} gaow elvar, ‘say that there is not,’ Lat. negant esse. 
Ov-gnju is to be taken as one word, ‘I deny,’ not ‘I do not say.’ 

1, 279. 800 dvSpas, not dvdpe, because no stress is laid on the fact of 
there being only two. Cp. 1.1, V.17n. 

1, 282. elSetev, 3rd plur. opt. of olda, ‘ whether they knew.’ The opt. 
here answers to imperf. subj. of indirect question after past time. 

4 wiv havnpay, ‘than (i.e. besides) the apparent one.’ See above 
L. 275 pla éorly ddds, hv Spas. 


134 NOTES. 


1. 283. ob« py. Cp.1.278n. Also for ob daly I. 285. 

1, 284. Spavros rod éxépov, the gen. absolute, ‘ the other seeing,’ i.e. 
* before the eyes of the other.’ Cp. BactAéws dovros 1. 107 and n. 

1. 286. wap’ dvSpt, properly ‘in her husband’s house. Lat. ‘ apud 
virum.’ °Ex-didwp, ‘I give in marriage,’ usually takes the simple dative. 

avrés én fyfoeoGar, ‘said that he would guide. The adrds is 
the nom. before the infin. When the subject of the infinitive is the 
same as that of the principal verb, the Greeks put it in the zominative, 
not in the accusative as in Latin. In Latin this would be ‘ dixit se 
ducturum esse,’ but éf7 abrdv Hyjoec8as would mean that some other 
man would guide them. 

1, 289. mpo-xata-Afiowro. The fut. opt. is used in a reported speech, 
wherever the speaker himself would have used the fut. ind. Here he 
would have said ed p) rpo-cara-Anperde rotro, ddtvaroy ~crat, etc. 

1, 291. Sons é0éA0r dv, * who would be willing.’ Cp. 1. 233 n. 

I. 292. taroords, ‘having undertaken (the work).’ Take qwopeveo@as 
after é@éA0: ay understood. 

1. 293. os, ‘as it were,’ i.e. ‘about.’ 

1. 298. rovs &vw Gvras, ‘that those who were above,’ i.e. the 2000 
volunteers, who are supposed to have gained the summit. 

1, 299. avepav éxBaow, the same as gavepdy d3dv 1. 282, where see 
note. But Xenophon here calls it an Pacis, or ‘egress,’ because it was 
a way of getting out of their difficulty. 

], 300, atrol, ‘ themselves,’ i.e. the rest of the army, who were to 
remain below till the volunteers had secured the summit. 

1. 305. of qept-tévres, the 2000, who were taking a circuitous route to 
the summit. 

1. 309. hepdpevor .. &t-erdevSovavro, ‘falling against the rocks were 
hurled about in fragments,’ like stones from a sling (opevdévn). Aud 
signifies division into parts. [So Euripides (Phoenissae, 1190) says of 
a man struck by lightning, éopevdovaro yapis GAAnAoW péAn, ‘ his limbs 
were shot far from one another,’ as if from a sling.] 

1. 311. Anoey, fut. of Aav@dyw, which with dw-dyres means ‘get away 
unnoticed by the enemy.’ 

1. 313. of 8é éxovreg, etc. Cp. ll. 295, 305. 

1. 317. os, ‘as if,” i.e. ‘ thinking that,’ etc. 

1, 318. wap’ Sv, ‘leading to which.’ Mapa with accus. signifies motion 
to get alongside of a thing, hence simply motion éo it. 

1, 320. havepg 689. Cp. ll. 282 n, 299 n. 

1, 327. e0-fwvor, lit. ‘ well-girt,’ or ‘ girt up for action,’ hence ‘ active.’ 
Cp. Lat. accinctus. 

1. 328. rHs odAmyyos. The trumpet was the signal to let the others 
know that the 2000 had gained the height. Cp. 1. 298. 


IV, THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 135 


1. 330. 7 &kaaror érvyov Svres, ‘where each party were at the time, 
lit. ‘chanced being.’ Cp.1.5 n. (For this use of the participle compare 
the English ‘I cease speaking,’ nabopos Aéyor, ‘I begin speaking,’ dpxopas 
A€éyor, etc.] 

1. 333. Ty abrq 559, ‘the same road;’ [abri 7H 636 would be ‘ the 
road itself,’ or ‘ the very sees ’" Cp.l190n.] So rg abr tpdmy 1. 340, 
*in the same way.’ 

1. 346. te mpato Ade, ‘the first of the three crests’ which 
Xenophon’s men had taken, mentioned in 1. 335 as ‘ overhanging the 
road.’ Some men had been left to guard this, while Xenophon with 
the rest of the army went on to attack the next position (1. 340). It 
must not be confounded with the first position of all, which the 

volunteers took. 

AaHOEvres, ‘left,’ from Acimw; distinguish from Anpoévres, ‘ taken,’ 
from AapBavo. 

1, 350. dar-qret, imperf. of dr-arréw, ‘to ask back.’ Distinguish from 
airidopa:, ‘I blame.’ Cp. 1. 273 n. 

ént tobr Sore pi) adicetv, ‘on condition of their not injuring;’ 
lit. ‘on this (condition) so as not to injure.’ *E? meaning ‘upon,’ and 
the dative implying ‘rest at ;” ém? with dat. means ‘ resting on a certain 
basis,’ hence ‘ on certain terms’ or ‘ conditions.’ 

1. 355. 8%, ‘at once,’ marking the precise moment at which the thing 
was done. ; 

1. 356. éyévovro, ‘they got.’ Cp. yevdpevar, 1. 225. 

1. 358. wxar-éagav, Ist aor. of kat-Gyvupt. Distinguish the tenses of 
dy-vuju, ‘I break,’ from those of dy-w, ‘I lead.’. Both verbs have the 
fut. dgw, but the 1st aor. of dyvups is éaga, that of dym (not often used) is 
qéa. Also dyw makes its perf. #yxa, while the 2nd perf. of dyvuu 
is €aya, and means, ‘I am broken.’ 

1. 359. tiraomorys, ‘armour-bearer,’ lit. ‘shield-supporter.’ The 
donis, or large shield, was a great encumbrance when not in actual 
use. 

1. 360. mpo-BaAAdpevos, ‘ putting forward ’ as a defence. 

1, 362. rots 78y ouwvteraypévors, ‘ those already posted there.’ These 
were the men whom Xenophon had ordered to march on (1. 345) while 
he ascended the hill with a chosen band. They had halted under arms, 
and were waiting for Xenophon in the road below. 

1, 365. AdkKkovg kowarois, ‘ plastered cisterns,’ made by digging holes 
in the ground, and plastering the inside with lime («ovia). Many of 
these cistems have been found in Syria and Kurdistan of the present 
day. [Ads«xos is the same word as the Latin lacus.] 

1, 368. wavta ta voprfdpeva, ‘all (the funeral rites) which are con- 
sidered customary,’ i. e. all the regular funeral rites. 


135 NOTES. 


CHAPTER V. ’ 


THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 


1. 2. &8 xwAvocvras, ‘as if they meant to hinder them.’ So ds 
énexercopévous 1. 6 below. Cp. II. 7o n. 

1. 6. ovv-edeypévous, ‘collected.’ Aéya, ‘I gather,’ has perf. efAoxa, 
perf. pass. efAeypa:, but only in compounds; Aéyw, ‘I speak,’ has no 
perf. act. in use, but perf. pass. A€Aeypac. 

1. 9. atréparot, ‘of their own accord.’ Avrdparos is literally ‘ self- 
moving’ or ‘ self-acting,’ from adros, ‘ self,’ and the stem pa, ‘ to move,’ 
found in the old 2nd perf. pé-pa-a. Hence it means ‘acting of one’s 
own will,’ without any external force ; and we call a self-acting machine 
an automaton. 

arept-ppuyvat, 2nd aor. pass. infin. of wept-ppéw, fut. pev-copat, perf. 
éppv-nka, 2nd aor. pass. éppv-nv (with active meaning). In verbs begin- 
ning with p, the p is doubled (1) after the augment, as ép-peoy, (2) after 
a preposition ending in a vowel, as wept-ppéo. 

arg is the dativus commodi, lit. ‘ slipped round for hin,’ i.e. ‘ slipped 
off him.’ : 

1. 10. Sta-Bafvev, ‘he went free,’ lit. ‘with the legs apart (&:a).’ 
[Usually d:a-Baivey is ‘to go through, or ‘ go across,’ as in ll. 21, 23, 24, 
25, etc.] 

7 17. Why 800 veavioxe (dual) here, but rods veavioxovs and ol 
yeavioxot (plural) in ll. 29, 35 below? Because on the jirst mention 
of the young men one’s attention is directed to the fact of there being 
two of them, whereas afterwards they are merely alluded to as ‘ the 
young men,’ without any stress being laid upon this fact. But even in 
the former case it was not thought necessary to put the verb in the dual; 
so we have spos-érpexov, not mpos-erpexérny. Cp. I. 1 n. 

1, 20. Senep papoiwous, ‘what seemed like bags,’ lit. ‘as i were 
bags ;’ Lat. quasi or tanquam. 

1, 22. tavrp, sc. x@pg, ‘at this point.” So q, ‘in which place’= 
‘where.’ Lat.gua. Cp. 1. 71. 

1, 23. 5v-eBaivopey, impert., ‘tried to cross,’ or ‘ began to cross.’ But 
d1-éBypev, and aor. in next line, ‘ we (actually) did cross.’ 

1. 24. os vevoédpevot, ‘Os with fut. part. denotes a purpose. Cp. II. 

On. 

: For mpéa0ev followed by mplv in the next clause cp. IV. 121 n, 
1. 30. Distinguish ratré from ravra, Cp. I. 275 n. 


Ve. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 137 


1. 34. év péoep tovrwv, ‘between them.’ Mégos means (1) the middle 
of a thing, as péon Hypa or pécoy tyépas (II. 17); (2) a space midway 
between, with the gen., as here. 

1, 38. dvd xpdros. Cp. II. 5 n. 

1. 40, émet &t-éBy, ‘when he had crossed” The aor. in a minor 
sentence must often be translated by the pluperfect. Cp. I. 254, II. 
118. 

1. 43. Tovs troAepious, etc., the Armenian infantry, who had been 
drawn up on the higher ground behind the cavalry. Cp. 1. 4. 

1. 48. ds ém-Onodpevor, ‘in order to attack.’ Cp. II. yon. 

1. 51. oxevoddpwv, neuter, as is shown by 7a dro-Aemdpeva, Ta 
oxeudpopa are the same as dro(vya, ‘baggage animals ;’ of oxevddopor 
are the sutlers or camp-followers, who helped to carry the baggage. 
These are also called 6 dyAos (1. 53). 

Distinguish pera rovrwy (gen.), ‘with these,’ or ‘among these,’ from 
pera Taira, ‘after these things.’ Cp. I. 128 n. 

1. 54. €ero dvrla adrots ta SA, ‘drew up (his men) opposite 
them.’ ©@éc6a: SAa means ‘to pile arms,’ or ‘halt under arms’ (cp. 
I. 241 n.): hence, with dyria added, ‘to take up a position under arms 
over against the enemy. 

1. 55. trornoacat rods Adxous, ‘to form their companies’ into divi- 
sions of so many men each. Here the divisions were of twenty-five 
each, called évapdriat. Cp. IV. 179 n. 

1. 56. mpods tav KapSovxev, ‘towards the Carduchi.’ TIpds rovs 
Kapdovxovs would mean ‘ to the Carduchi.’ 

oupayovs, ‘leaders of the rear,’ from ovpa, ‘rear’ (lit. ‘a tail’), and 
hy-€opat, ‘I lead.’ [The Greeks spoke of an army metaphorically as a 
wild beast; hence oréya, ‘mouth,’ i.e. ‘front;’ «épas, ‘horn,’ i.e. 
‘wing ;’ mAeupal, ‘ flanks ;’ ovpa, ‘ tail’ or ‘ rear.’] 

1. 59. @Sds twas gSovtes ; so Tacitus describes the ancient Germans 
as singing while they advanced to battle. 

1. 62, €xetvos (Lat. il/e), referring to Xenophon, who is not the subject 
of the sentence. If there were no pronoun it would be doubtful whether 
he or Cheirisophus was meant. 

1. 65. &s Sta-Byoopévous. Cp. IT. yon. 

1. 66. wpdocw tod tworapod, ‘far info the river,’ lit. ‘to a further 
point of the river,’ the partitive genitive. 

1. 67. oevdévy, here ‘a stone from a sling,’ though properly it means 
the sling itself. Hence éresd) opevddvn éf-txvoiro=‘as soon as they 

ot within a sling’s cast.’ Cp. 1. 261 n. 

1, 68. dois odoit, ‘ a shield should ring,’ i.e. with the missiles from 
the slings of the enemy striking on it. 

1. Jo. 76 ToAEuKOv, sc. onpetov, ‘the signal for battle ;? i.e. what was 


138 NOTES. 


the usual signal for battle, and what the enemy would understand 
as such, though the Greeks had orders to take it the contrary way 
on this occasion. 

L 71. ¥, sc. xépq =‘ where,’ Lat. qua. Cp. 1 220 

1. 72. ry ragvy, ‘ kis station.” The article in Greek often=a posses- 
sive pronoun. Cp. L 15 n. 

L 75. Rpxovro, imperf. of dpyopar, ‘I begin.” Cp. IL s50n. [But 
the imperf. of épxopas does not seem to be used except in compounds, as 
mponpxopry, etc. } 

L. 76. Sppynoav. Cp. IV. 204 n. 

L 78. onpaive. The signal agreed upon to mislead the enemy. 
Cp. 1. 70 n. 

1. 82. of woAAol, ‘the greater part.’ The article with soAts gives the 
force of a superlative, hence of roAAoi = sAciaToL. 

1. 83. of dws Xapiaddov, etc. Cp. 1. 60. 

1. 85. 4 Se, ‘than they ought to have done,’ according to the instruc- 
tions given above in 1. 66. 

1. 88. TyAeBéav worapév, now the Kara Su, which flows into the 
Eastern branch of the Euphrates. The Greeks were now ascending 
into the plain which lies below the still higher elevation of Erzroum. 
The cold of this district, especially at Erzroum itself, is unusually 
severe in winter; and this was in the beginning of December. See 
Table of Dates, p. vii. 

1. 93. Tis vunrés, gen. of time. Cp. IV. 255 n. 

Gore dm-tpuipe, ‘so that it covered’ (stating a fact); dere ao- 
xpvwpat (infin.) would mean ‘ with the intention of covering.’ 

1. 97. Tus wal dAAos. What does «ai mean here? Cp. I. a1 n. 

1. 98. foxibev (imperf.), ‘began to cleave them,’ or ‘would cleave them.’ 

ée rovrov. Cp. 1. 85 n. 

1, 100. Sta-onnvijoat, ‘to take up separate quarters.” Aid is connected 
with &s and 8vo, and denotes separation or distribution into parts. Cp. 
IV. 309 n. 

1. 107. éBovhtplacay, ‘ suffered from bulimia? or ‘became faint from 
fasting.’ Bov-dtpla is literally ‘ravenous hunger,’ the prefix Bov- (from 
Bows, ‘an ox,’) denoting: anything large or excessive. [Thus Bob-ras 
means ‘an overgrown lout of a boy.’ We use the prefix horse in the 
same way, as in ‘ horse-chestnut,’ ‘ horse-laugh.’] 

1, 108. adQos, ‘ complaint,’ from ma0- the stem of racy, ( = 149-oK0), 
‘I suffer. [From the corresponding Latin word patior we get ‘ patient,’ 
meaning one who is ill, lit. ‘a sufferer.’] 

1, 109. ayédvres = el pd-youer, ‘if they ate.” Cp. I. 261 n. 

1, 116, Distinguish aira:, nom. pl. fem. of odros, ‘this,’ from avira, 
nom, pl. fem. of adrds, ‘self,’ 


Ve THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 139 


tives elev, ‘who they were, the opt. in an indirect question. Cp. IV. 
282 n. 

1, 120. Kapdpxyy, ‘head man,’ a sort of chief magistrate or bailiff of 
the village, responsible of course to the Persian government. 

1, 123. of pr Suvdpevor, ‘ whoever were unable,’ = ef tives pt) SUvawTo, 
Lat. ‘ sé gui nequirent.’ 

1, 126. Sv-epSappévor rods SpOadrpors, ‘having their eyesight de- 
stroyed,’ lit. ‘destroyed in respect of their eyes.’ So in next line dwo- 
oeonwores Tovs SaxTVAOvs. 

1, 129. THs xvévos, ‘ from the snow,’ lit. ‘as regards the snow,’ gen. of 
respect. 

1, 132. trro-SeBepévor, ‘with their shoes on.’ These were sandals, 
consisting of a mere sole fastened by straps going round the feet. 
Hence umo-dém (lit. ‘I tie below’) means ‘I put on sandals,’ and éz0- 
dedepévor, in a middle rather than a passive sense, is ‘having their 
sandals on their feet.’ 

1. 134. yap explains the reason why they suffered in the manner 
described, i.e. because their new shoes were made of undressed leather. 

1, 140. éxd@nvro, pluperf. of «46-yya:, with meaning of imperf. because 
xa0-npar is used as a present. Why is the augment placed before the 
preposition in é-xa0-nynv? Cp. IV. 60 n. 

1]. 141. ot €pacav. Cp. IV. 278 n. It was here that the inci- 
dent occurred which Xenophon relates in chap. VI. 275, of a soldier 
attempting to bury a sick comrade, to save the trouble of carrying 
him. 

1.145. goBijoat. Distinguish poBeiy, ‘to frighten,’ Lat. terrere, from 
poBeicba, ‘ to fear,’ Lat. Amere. 

1, 150. Rav, Ist aor. of ins. "Enea, fea, and éSwea are the three 
Ist aorists which end in -*a. Do not confuse jxav with #xov, imperf. 
of §xw, ‘I am come.’ 

1. 156. oxetpopévous, fut. part. ‘to see,’ Lat. visuros. 

1. 158. trap-é500av xoplfav. The Greek infin. can be used to ex- 
press a purpose or intention, instead of iva or 6rws with the subj. and opt. 
In Latin you could not say ‘aegrotos iis tradiderunt portare,’ but ‘ut 
portarent. The Greek infin. is much more like the English than the 
Latin. Cp. III. 197 n. 

1. 169. otvos Kxpi@wos, probably a sort of ‘whisky,’ as would appear 
from its effects. Cp. 1.172. 

1, 170. Distinguish avrat al «pal, ‘the grains themselves,’ from at 
atrai «piOai, ‘the same grains. Cp. IV. Igo n. 

1, 172. dxparos, lit. ‘unmixed,’ from 4, ‘not,’ and «epdvyvupe (perf. 
xé-xpa-ra), ‘I mix.” Hence (of wine) ‘strong,’ because the ancients 
generally mixed their wine with water before drinking. 


140 NGTES. 


L 193 éwd 115 ewe-chodery. ‘cs soon a: ome pot used to it.” The opt. 
with éwed implies ‘ ekewever the time might be.” 

L 176. @aow, not the Colchian Phasis, which fows westward into 
the Euxine, but the Araxes or modern Aras, which Sows eastward into 
the Caspian Sea. This latter river also had the name of Phasis, and 
Xenophon seems to have confounded the two. The district is still 
called Pasi, and the river Pasin Su. 

wapi, not ‘to’ the river Phasis, but ‘along’ it. 

“<rwepBody. Cp. L 109 n. 

L 182. row Spous. Distinguish pos, gen. Gpeos, -ovs, nent. ‘a moun- 
tain,’ from Zpos, gen. Spov, masc. ‘a boundary.” 

L 185. Gs tréyuora, lit. ‘as (anyone would do it) most quickly.’ 
Le. ‘as quickly as possble” Lat. quam celerrime. Cp. as xpariota 
1. 191, & Jzrra 1. 192, &s éAaxiorous 1. 193. 

J. 186. The accent on of does not belong to it, bat is thrown back 
from the ve following. Therefore of is the article with woAépuios, and 
the intervening words viv-jpas-Sparres are taken together as one word 
xan epithet of woAduo. Cp. L 109 n. 

1. 189. yrerd rotrov, ‘after him,’ to be distinguished from pera robvrov, 
‘with him.’ Cp. perd ravra I. 128 and n. 

1. 199. yryvéone, ‘I judge’ or ‘decide,’ to be distinguished from ofda, 
‘I know.’ Pepbouey means ‘to gef a notion’ of a thing, hence ‘to 
learn,’ ‘perceive,’ or ‘judge.’ [There is much the same difference 
between the French connattre and savoir.} 

‘ IL 191, 1923, 193. @s kpanora, ds fgora, ds daxlorous. Cp. 

185 n. 

1, 194. Adar Te TOD Spovs, lit. ‘to steal a portion of the mountain,’ 
i.e. ‘steal our way over the mountain.’ KAésrev means (1) ‘to steal,’ 
(2) ‘to do anything by stealth,’ just as we speak of stealing a march 
upon the enemy. The point of the ‘banter’ in the following extsact 
lics in the double meaning of the word. 

1, 196. wat..8€. When «ai and 3? come in the same clause, 8é 
couples the sentence, «a? emphasises the word which follows it. Here 
‘and (or but) I think it is not impossible even («ai) to steal our way.’ 

l. 199. &rdp, ‘ but yet,’ marking a sudden change of thought. The 
precise idea is ‘ but, in consequence of thinking of the matter again,’ etc. 

ovup-BddAopar Adyous, ‘I talk,’ lit. ‘put words together,’ Lat. conferre 
sermones, 

1, 201, &&« wal8ev, ‘from childhood,’ lit. ‘from (being) children.’ Lat. 
a pueris, 

1. 202. Sea vopos pr) ewAve, ‘whatever the law does not forbid.’ Cp. 
}, 123 n. 

l. 203. ds kpaniora, Cp. 1. 185 n. 


VY. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 141 


1. 206. «Aémrovrés rt ro Spovs. Cp. 1. 194 n. 

awAnyds AdBwpev literally refers to the punishment inflicted at Sparta 
upon those who were caught stealing. (Cp. 1.204.) As applied to the 
present circumstances it means being ‘ beaten’ by the enemy. 

[This law of theft was one of the institutions ascribed to Lycurgus. 
By it the Spartan boys were not encouraged to steal in all cases, but 
only to obtain the necessaries of life; and if caught they were punished, 
not for the theft itself, but for having done the work badly. By thus 
forcing them to depend upon their own exertions for a bare subsistence, 
Lycurgus hoped to make them hardy and effective soldiers. ] 

1, 207. GAAG pévrot, ‘ well, as for that. The péy has its usual force 
of ‘indeed’ or ‘certainly ;’ ros is perhaps an old form of oo, and means 
‘let me tell you.’ 

1. 208. Sevovs wA€rrav, ‘clever at stealing.’ Aewds means (1) 
‘terrible,’ (2) ‘ wonderful,’ (3) ‘clever;’ compare our expression ‘a 
terrible hand’ at anything, i.e. ‘ very clever’ at doing it. 

7a Sypdora, ‘the public money,’ sc. xphyata. The readiness of all 
public officers to take bribes was a crying evil in the Athenian re- 
public, 

1, 209. kat oof, What does rat mean here? Cp. I. 24 n. 

1, 211. kata-Anpdpevos, fut. part. Cp. 1.156 on. 

1, 215. elg td Loov fpiv, ‘to a level with us.’ Lat. in aeguum 
descendere. 

1, 216. «al here introduces a sudden and impatient objection, and may 
be translated ‘but.’ [This force of «ai is commonly seen in the phrase 
wai mus ; ‘but how?’ or, ‘how then?’] 

1, 217. GAAd, ‘nay but.’ 

1. 219. émdre Exorev, the optative depending on the past tense érrotn- 
oavro ;—‘ they made an agreement that as soon as they get possession of 
the heights they should light many fires.’ The orders given to the 
volunteers would be—éxérav éxnre ra dxpa, mupd Kalere TOAAG. 

1, 221. &a-hpxovro, imperf. of dm-épxopar, not da-dpxopa. Cp. 
1.75 n. 

1, 228, ép-elarero, imperf. of ép-éropas (ext and Exopat), cp. II. 258, 
IV. 160 n. 

1. 233. Tadxous, probably the district between the modern Kars 
and Erzroum. But this part of the route is extremely uncertain‘. 


1 Ainsworth (Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand) places the 
Taochi a long way northward in Georgia, and carries the Greeks so far out 
of their direct route. But Grote (Hist. of Greece, Appendix to chap. Ixx) 
takes them only to the level of Erzroum, and argues that the time spent on 
the march is fully accounted for by the difficulties of the way. 


NOTES, 
=e - Distj : ” ; 
gXoua, "guish Growy, imperf. of oiéw, from gxéuqy, imperf. of 


L must be taken.’ Verbal adjectives in -réos imply 
Lt. adj. in ae §erundive, as amandus), those in -rés imply possibility, 
Cc pa as amabilis). Cp. 1V. 142 n. 
pe senn ft frm fury ong Ann os 
we take this fort. e ali! a 

J. 742. Teparat, the subj. (contracted from we:péyrat), not the indic. 
(from Tepdera.) All compounds of &y, as édy, Sray, etc. take the sub- 
junctive mood. Cp, III. 67 n. 

1. 246. Here and in 1, 250 xwplov means ‘a space of ground;’ else- 
where (as in 1. 236) it means ‘a fort.’ It is properly a diminutive of 
dupa, 1. €. ‘a little place,’ 

1, 247. tela hpl-wAeOpa, about fifty yards. The wAdOpoy was a 
measure of length =101 English feet. 

1. 252. évrai@a évOev, ‘to a point whence.’ *Evrad@a properly means 

‘in this place,’ answering to the question where? but it is often used 
after verbs of motion, answering to the question whither? So we com- 
monly say here, there, and where for hither, thither, and whither. 

1, 255. peta roOro, Cp. 1. 189, I. 128 n. 

1, 260. éwel mpo-Spdpor, ‘every time he ran forward, Lat. quoties 
procurreret, Conjunctions of time with the opt. often denote repeated 

action, ‘whenever.’ . 

1, 261. &pagat, ‘waggon-loads.’ “Apagta is here put for what it con- 
tains, just as in 1. 67 opevdévn meant the stone from a sling and not the 
sling itself. 

1. 262. The ob goes closely with wp@ros, ‘fearing lest he should not 
be the first to run,’ etc., Lat. ‘ veritus ze non primus percurreret.’ 

1, 265. éa-AapBaverar, ‘catches hold of.’ AapBdvey is ‘to take’ and 
governs the accus., AauBdaveoOa (middle), ‘to take hold of,’ and governs 
the genitive (rs Zrvos). But the active AapPdvew also takes the gen. 
of the part seized, as éAaBov ris (avns I. 276. 

1, 266. perd rodrov. Cp. 1. 189 n. 

1. 269. Distinguish rabrd, ‘the same,’ from radra, ‘ these things.’ Cp. 
I. 275 n. 

1, 270. xara-pplipovra, For the doubling of p in compound verbs 
cp. l. 9 n. 

]. 271. €m-AapBaverar adrijs, cp. 1. 265 n. 

1. 273. hepdpevor ‘with a rush,’ lit. ‘being borne along.’ Lat. eum 
smpetu delat. 

évredOev, ‘hence,’ i. e. ‘in consequence of this.’ 7 

L 277. “Apwaoov, The Harpasus is possibly a north-western tri- 


V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 143 


butary of the Araxes (called Phasis in 1.176.) It has been supposed that 
after crossing the latter river the Greeks had marched nearly 100 miles 
out of their way to the north east, and were now returning in a 
direction nearly parallel to their former route, through the country 
of the Chalybes. (See foot-note on p. 141.) But it is more likely that 
the Harpasus is the modem Tchorak Su, which flows into the Black Sea 
near Batoum. (See Vocabulary.) 

1, 280. wévre tpepGv, ‘in five days.’ The genitive implies close 
connexion, ‘a part of,’ ‘within’ a certain period. Cp. ris yucrds IV. 
255 n. 

1. 282. Distinguish épos, ‘a mountain,’ from 8pos, ‘a boundary.’ Cp. 
1. 182 n. Where this Theches was is uncertain; but it appears to 
have been off the direct road to Trapezus, into which the Greeks 
returned, after dismissing their guide (1. 300.) 

1, 287. del, ‘from time to time’ or ‘in succession.” Cp. rdv dé 
év-rvyxdvovra IV. 127n, The next adel means ‘continually.’ 

€Oeov Spdpe. Cp. II. 54 n. 

1. 288. petf6v m, ‘something very important,’ lit. ‘greater (than 
ordinary), : 

1. 295. aept-€BadAov. Note the force of the imperf., ‘they began to 
embrace’ or ‘fell to embracing.’ 

1, 296. dépovor.. movoder. The change to the historical pres. from 
the past tenses d¢-ixovro, wepi-éBadAov marks the rapidity of the action. 
{There is a good English example of this change of tenses in the 
Pilgrim's Progress, in the story of Giant Despair: ‘So when he arosé, he 
getteth him a cudgel, and goeth down into the dungeons to them... 
Then he falls upon them, and bea¢s them in such sort that they were not 
able to help themselves.’] 

1. 301. rijs vuetés. Cp. 1. 280, IV. 255 n. 

Opos péya, ‘a high mountain-range,’ running east and west, parallel 
to the sea-coast. The Colchi occupied the coast of the Euxine from 
Trapezus to the Phasis (beyond Batoum). 

1, 306. dvri-rap-erdfavro padayyg, ‘drew up against. them in line.’ 
The word ¢dAayé does not necessarily mean a compact mass; it was 
only the Macedonian phalanx that was so, and our use of the term 
comes from this, The proper meaning is ‘a line,’ Lat. acies, as opposed 
to ‘acolumn.’ In the present instance the Greeks first formed a dine, but 
finding this inconvenient for marching up the hill, they ‘disposed their 
companies in columns’ (éromjoavro bp0iovs Tovs Adxovs 1. 313). [Soldiers 
cannot march ‘in line,’ (i.e. standing side by side) unless the ground is 
quite clear, like a parade ground. Going along roads and all ordinary 
marching is done ‘in column,’ i.e. some four or more abreast, and the 
rest following behind in a string.] . 


144 NOTES, 


1. 310. kwAvovor +d pr elvar. The Greeks use what is really the 
natural method of putting a ‘not’ in each part of the sentence. We say 
‘ prevent (i.e. ‘do not let,’) your being.’ They say ‘prevent your [not] 
being.” [Cp. wwdvcovor pi ddccPdvev IV. 242, and the multiplied 
negatives in I. 148 n.] 

adda. éxrevsonev, ‘we have long been desiring.’ The Greeks use 
mwaAa: thus with a present or imperfect, where we use a perfect, as méAa 
dpw, ‘I have long seen,’ Lat. ‘jamdudum’ or ‘ jampridem video.” 

1. 311. @povs kata-payeiv, ‘eat up alive,’ lit. ‘eat up raw,’ a pro- 
verbial expression for the quick and utter destruction of people you 
hate. [Cp. Homer, Iliad v. 35 dudv BeBpwOas Iplapov Tpidpod re 
naidas, ‘mayst thou devour Priam and his sons alive.’] 

1. 313. dpOlous tous Adxous, ‘in columns.’ Cp. 1. 306 n. 

1. 315. Spdp@ O€ovras, ‘running at full speed.” Cp. II. 54 n. 

1. 319. TOv Kyplov, the partitive genitive, as we say ‘to eat of a thing.’ 
Thus ive rov otvou is ‘to drink some of the wine,’ but mivew réy oivoy 
would be ‘to drink up all the wine.’ 

1. 322. tiv atriv Spay, i.e. ‘the same hour’ at which they were 
taken ill the day before. 

dv-eppovouy, * began to recover their senses.’ [Avd, means ‘ up again,’ 
as in dva-Oappeiy, ‘to take heart again,’ dva-nveivy, ‘to recover one’s 
breath.’] 

1. 323. tplrp kal rerdpry fpépg, ‘on the third or fourth day,’ lit. 
‘(some) on the third and (others) on the fourth day.’ So cfs xat dbo, 
‘one or two,’ Lat. ¢ unus e¢ alter.’ 

This poisonous honey seems to have been obtained from the flower of 
a kind of azalea, still common in those parts. 

1. 325. Tpawelotvra, Trapezus, the modern Trebisond. The name 
is from tpdwe({a, ‘a table,’ because of a hill near the town, level at 
the top and forming a ‘table land.’ Cp. the ‘Table’ Mountain near 
the Cape of Good Hope. 

1. 330. elornxeoav. As the perf. gernxa is intransitive and means 
‘I am standing,’ the pluperf. elorjxeyv has the force of an imperf, 
‘I was standing.’ [The perf, pbuperf., and 2nd aor. are intransitive, 
the other tenses are transitive. Cp. II. 99 n.] 

1. 331. t@ Gyav.. Distinguish dydy, -@vos, ‘a contest,’ from aye 
-ovTos, pres. part. of dyw, ‘I lead.’ 

1, 336. €a adrovs, ‘they were required” by the rule of the race; 
lit. ‘it was necessary for them.’ 

1. 338. Bwpév, probably the ‘altar’ on which the customary sacrifices 
had been offered before the games, and which now served for a goal. 
[But Swpds (from stem Ba- in Balyw), ‘a step,’ may mean any raised place 
to which you go up, Lat. suggestus.] 


VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 145 


CHAPTER VI. 


TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 


1. 4. vAands, ‘watches,’ from PvAax?, not from gvAaf, ‘a guard,’ 
which would make acc. pl. gvAaxas, cp. III. 201 n. 

1, 8. A€you, ‘ they applauded [saying] that he spoke well,’ the opta- 
tive marks an oblique or reported speech after past time. 

Distinguish radrd, ‘the same,’ and tava, ‘ these things ;’ cp. I. 275 n. 

1, 12. wepusévere may be indic. or imperative. The sense decides. 

éot’ dv, i.e. gore dy, ‘until.’ Compounds of dy take the subjunctive. 
Cp. III. 67 n. 

1.13. Ho8noav, ist aor. pass. of Sova. Distinguish fjoéqv from - 
no@opnv, 2nd aor. of alc@dyvoyuat, which has (1) no aspirate, (2) the t 
subscriptum. 

1, 14. @$ TaXtorTa, ‘as quickly as possible.” Cp. V. 185 n. 

1, 15. év @, sc. xpévy, ‘while.’ Cp. note on é« rovrov I. 85. 

1. 16. émt Aelav, ‘to get booty.’ “Eni with the accus. signifies motion 
towards a thing, hence ‘for the purpose of.’ Cp. IV. 209 n. [In English 
upon was once used in the same sense, and we still speak of going upon 
an errand. } 

1. 21. pyrpémoAts here means ‘chief town’ or ‘fort,’ just as we use 
the word ‘metropolis.’ But it usually means the ‘ mother-city’ of a 
colony. | 

ouv-eppunkeray, pluperf. of cup-péw (<avv-péw). For the tenses of 
péw cp. V. 9. 

1, 22. toxupds, ‘exceedingly,’ lit. ‘strongly.’ So in Latin valde, con- 
tracted from valide, means ‘very,’ as valde magnus, etc. 

1, 23. apdaoSor, ‘approaches [were] difficult.’ 

1, 25. ovv-elrrovro, imperf. of ouv-éxopa:. For the distinction be- 
tween eirdunv and elroy cp. II. 158 n. 

1. 26. twAelous, being for mAcioves, is the nominative. 

1. 31. Oé00a sad SaAa, ‘to stand under arms,’ or ‘to halt.’ Cp. 
I. 241 n. | 

1. 35. ea, imperf. of édw, contr. for efae, the augment contracting into 
eu. instead of 4, because of a lost letter Ff (the digamma), which came 
between the two e’s. Cp. I. 280. 

1, 36, aovtjoat rév Adxov, ‘to form his company.’ Lat. aciem instruere. 

1. 39. St-nyxvAwpévous, ‘having (their fingers) passed through (8a) 
the loop (dybAn) of the javelin,’ i.e. ready to hurl it. 

; L 


146 NOTES, 


1. 40. ém-BeBAnpévovs emi rais veupais, ‘having (their arrows) fixed 
on the string,’ i.e. ready to shoot. ., 

1. 41. StpOépa, ‘a hide,’ here a ‘leathern bag’ or ‘ pouch’ for carrying 
stones: it was hung from the slinger’s neck. 

l. 42. mwap-eoxevacro, plupf. pass., distinguish from wap-eoxevdcaro, 
Ist aor. mid. 

1. 44. Aédyxas «.7.A. are in apposition to ra BéAn. 

1. 45. Foav of, ‘some,’ lit. ‘there were (those) who.” Lat. erant qui. 
We have eloiy of and #cay of in the nominative—but éoriv dy for elolv 
ay in the genitive, and so in the other cases. 

1. 47. Sore .. avéByoay, ‘so that they scaled it,’ i.e. in consequence of 
the enemy retiring, Agasius and Philoxenus were enabled to scale the 
fort unarmed. “Nore when it marks that a result actually did occur 
does not affect the mood: when it simply means a probable result, 
it takes the infinitive. Compare the English ‘so that he did’ and 
‘so as to do it.’ 

1. 48. pera rovrovs. For pera, ‘after, with the accus. cp. V. 189, 
J. 128 n. 

1. 49. FAwKe, plupf. of dAloxopas. 

1. 50. The weAtracral, ‘targeteers,”’ were distinguished from the YrAoi, 
‘light-armed’ (also called -yupyijra:) by wearing the small shield 
(réArn). They came therefore between the yAot and the dwAira or 
‘heavy-armed.” Among the yAoé were included the ‘slingers’ (ogevio- 
vrat) and the ‘ archers’ (rogérat). 

1. 55. & €AaPov, ‘what they kad taken.’ The aor. in a minor sentence 
must often be rendered by the English pluperf. Cp. I. 254 n., II. 118 2. 

1. 57. éx-wltrovres, ‘driven out.’ ‘Ex-rinrw is used as the passive of 
éx-BddAw, especially in the phrase éa-wirrey ris mar pidos, ‘ to be banished 
from one’s country.” [So «eijwac=‘I am placed’ (pass. of riényu), dso 
6vhono, ‘I am killed’ (pass. of dwo-xrelvw).] 

Distinguish dxpa&, fem. sing. ‘a citadel,’ from dpa, neut. pl. of 
dxpov, ‘ heights.’ 

1. 60. The first infin. AapBave depends on PovAopévous, the second 
aie tévat upon dv-eurreiv, with rovs BovAopuévous as the acc. before 

—‘to proclaim that those who wished ¢o take anything. should go inside.’ 
wT 63. evro rd SwAa, ‘grounded their shields,’ ‘posted themselves. 
Cp. 1. 31 n, I. 241 n. 

1, 67. Anwréov, ‘to be taken ;’ for force of -réos cp. V. 238 n. 

1. 71. wat..xal, ‘either .. or’ as we should say; lit. ‘both remaining 
and going away were difficult.’ 

1. 72. év @, ‘while’ Cp. 1. 315 n. 

1. 76. «al, ‘also,’ i.e. as well as those on the right: so 1. ie wal dxd 


TovTay THY olx.QY. 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 147 


1. 77. wal, ‘even,’ ‘ quite,’ i.e. the houses not merely ‘caught fire’ but 
did so ‘rapidly.’ Cp. 1. a1 n. 

1. 79. 16 péoov éautav Kai t&v wodeplwv, ‘the space between them 
and the enemy.’ Cp. V. 34 n. 

1. 84. Distinguish avrijs tijs dxpas from rijs abrijs dxpas, cp. IV. 
190 n. ) 

1, 88. &a-rréov, Lat. abeundum esse: -réos implies ‘must.’ Cp. V. 
238 n. ; 

i. 89. rovs imép rerrapdxovra ern, just as we say ‘over forty.’ The 
full phrase would be rovs émép rerrapdxovra Ern yeyovéras (* born.’) 

1. gt. [rocatra] tv oxevdv S00 ph. xevdy is partitive, doa py 
means all which were not required: & o} would mean ‘those particular 
ones which.” Cp. d0a vdpos pi) nodver V. 202 and n. 

1. 92. Kepacotvra, Cerasus or Kerasunt, noted as being the place 
from which cherries were imported into Europe by the Roman general 
Lucullus, 8.c. 73; hence the Lat. name Cerasus. 

1, 101. &AAfAwv, the gen. after cvy-jKovoy, ‘they could hear each other 
shouting.’ The imperf. denotes ‘whenever they shouted their neighbours 
could hear them.’ For d«ovev with the gen. cp. II. 43 n. 

xown, ‘hollow,’ i.e. ‘full of hills and dales.’ 

1. 104. rv evdardvev, ‘the richer sort ;’ ed-daiyoyr is from ed, ‘ well,’ 
and daipoy, ‘fortune,’ hence literally ‘ blest by fortune,’ i. e. ‘ prosperous,’ 
‘wealthy.’ So in English the notions of weal and wealth, prosperity 
and riches are closely combined. 

éorrypévous. Herodotus mentions the practice of ‘tattooing’ as 
prevalent among the Thracians of the upper classes. 

1. 108, obs 5t-€APovev. The opt. here is like the imperfect subjunctive 
of a minor sentence in oblique oration. The direct statement would be 
ovrot BapBapwrara Aoav mavrav, obs S.-7APopev. 

l. 111. mpdfevav dv, sc. dv@pwro:, from 1, 109, i.e. ‘what people in 
general would do.’ 

1. 112. St-eA€éyovro gavrois, etc. ‘they would talk to themselves and 
laugh at themselves,’ i.e. when quite alone. 

Strov tUXovev. The opt. here adds to Swov the sense of ‘ wherever.’ 
Cp. V. 173 n. 

1, 122, é« Sweomys. Sinope was the parent city, of which Cotyora 
was a colony. 

1, 123. Saves A€yev, ‘clever at speaking,’ Lat. habilis ad dicendum. 
Cp. V. 208 n. 

1.125. é rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n. 

1. 126. ééviZov, imperf. of fevi¢w. Do not mistake this verb for a 
compound with the prep. é. 

1. 127. avrév, ‘from them,’ ‘of them,’ gen. after mwv@dvopa:. 

L 2 


148 NOTES. 


1. 131. €Eopev wpdypara, ‘shall have trouble.’ Wpaype is lit. ‘a thing 
done,’ in pl. apd-yyara, ‘ affairs,” ‘ business,’ hence ‘ troublesome business.’ 

tAelo, contr. from mAelova, comp. of modus. 

1. 133. elvar rovs paxopévous, ‘you will have to be the fighters’ (and 
we shall have no trouble). 

1, 134. & yryvaone, ‘what I chink.’ For yeryvwonw, as distinguished 
from ol8a, cp. V. Igo n. 

1, 136. Kat-exopévev, ‘if held,’ because of the dy, ‘in that case,’ whic 
follows with dvawro. Cp. IV. 234 n. 

1. 137. ob8é, ‘not even.’ 

ol wavres dv@pwrrot, ‘all men combined.’ Of wdyres means ‘ the whole’ 
or ‘all collectively,’ mavres means ‘every’ or ‘all distributively.’ 

1, 141. “AAuv, for the Halys and the other rivers, see Map at 
the end. 

1. 142. ta wAota. Observe the force of the article, ‘the transports’ 
which you will require. ‘Who will give?’ is a more lively way of 
saying ‘no one will give.’ 

SuaPijre, the aorist gives the force of a perf. subj., ‘shall once have 
crossed.’ 

1. 144. pev obv. Odv means ‘in fact I think,” ‘in consequence of what I 
have told you,’ the péy really belongs to riv-card-yiv-xépeay, which is 
opposed to édy Sé wAénre. 

1. 146. “HpaxAeiav. Heraclea (Pontica), situated on the Lycus m 
Bithynia, was a Greek colony from Megara, Its king Lycus was said 
to have treated the Argonauts with kindness. The modern Erekli is 
only a small part of the ancient city, but there are extensive ruins, and 
traces of old walls, to the east and north. 

1. 151. émt rovrois, ‘with a view to this,’ i.e. to see what was the 
will of the gods in the matter. 

1,152. AdOpa orparwtdv, Lat. clam militibus ; Ad6pa with gen.= 
‘without the knowledge of.’ 

Silanus was an Ambracian prophet, who had foretold to Cyrus, before 
the battle of Cunaxa, that the king would not fight within ten days. 
For this prophecy Cyrus gave him ten talents, which he wanted to 
take home safely to Greece (1. 154); hence his opposition to Xeno- 
phon’s scheme. 

1, 158. rots woAXois, ‘ the majority,’ lit. ‘¢khe many,’ the article imply- 
ing a division into two parts, of which the other was smaller ; hence 
moAAot, ‘many,’ but of moAAol, ‘most,’ like a superlative. 

1. 160. épéByoav. Distinguish between poPéw, ‘I frighten,’ and ¢o- 
Béopar, ‘I am frightened,’ i.e. ‘I fear.’ 

1. 169. émt rovrp, ‘with this object.” Cp. note on éxt zovros 
I. 151. 


VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 149 


1. 172. Sr-dpta, not merely éorat, but ‘shall be with you ¢o start 
with, [and you will get others]. 

1. 174. év rour@, sc. xpdvy, ‘meanwhile,’ ‘for the time.’ ’*Evy marks 
the time within or during which anything takes place. Cp. é& @ ll. 
15, 72. 

1. 176. Saws Aw. Aéfo must be ‘I aor. subj. though in form it 
might also be the fut. indic. 

1. 178. wept adrod rodrov et Gpewov ein, ‘about this very point, [to 
see| if it were better.” Atrds retains the meaning of ipse not only in 
nom, but in gen., dat., and acc. also, when attached to a noun or a proe 
noun as here. 

1, 181. S71 daivorro, The opt. shows that this was merely what 
Silanus said, and that it might not be true. So also ds éyw d1a-vooipyy 
below. But it is 7c abros éw-eBovAeve (the indicative) in the next line, 
because the ‘ plotting’ of Silanus was a certain fact. 

1. 183. Sva-BadAAew. See note on I. 12. ; 

1. 185. et é&pwv .. dv éoxdaow, ‘if I had been observing you, etc., 

. . L should have [now] been considering (imperfect).’ Aorists would 
mean, ‘if I had seen you, I should have considered.’ 

1. 191. The stress is on owfopévovs, ‘that we should sail away i 
safety.’ 

1, 194. yryvooxe, ‘I perceive,’ or ‘I judge,’ lit. ‘I get knowledge,’ as 
distinguished from ofSa, ‘I know.’ 

épod Svres, ‘if you are together,’ = édy Fre. 

1. 195. kat évrypor Zoe Ge, ‘then you will both be held in honour.’ 

1. 199. tavré. Cp. II. 143 n. 

1. 200. év aodaAdi, ‘in safety.’ Lat. tuto, The adj. is used substan- 
tively. Cp. éy dwdpors, etc., III. 50 n. 

xplveoQar depends on Soxeé. 

1. 201. émt rovrors, lit. ‘on these conditions,’ i. e. ‘for this proposal,’ 
signifying their assent to what had been proposed. 

1. 202. rév BovAdpevoy, lit. ‘that he who wished,’ i.e. ‘whoever wished, | 
w= Sorts BovAoro. 

1. 204. &sro-BSpdoxovra, ‘trying to run away, (force of the present). 
For the meaning of dro-5:5pdonm cp. I. 272 n. 

1. 205. ta-€oxovro, Translate by the pluperf., ‘ad promised,’ and 
cp. I. 254, II. 118 n. 

1, 206. ot« épacav, in one word, =‘ refused.’ Cp. IV. 278 n. 

L210. eds Paow. This is the Colchian Phasis, which rises in 
Mount Caucasus and flows westward into the Euxine. It is not the 
same Phasis as the one mentioned in V. 176, which was properly called 
the Araxes. Cp. V.176n. 

1. 214. éwvGovto, ‘heard,’ and aor. of wu(v)0-dy-opas, ‘I learn by 


150 NOTES. 


enquiry.’ The pres. is doubly nasalized (like Xa(v)6-dy-w, etc.) by the 
insertion of v and of the syllable av. Cp. note on Tuy xdves I, 220. 

1. 215. Sta-vootro, ‘ was intending,’ or ‘intended,’ not ‘ would intend;’ 
for the opt. after éAeyer dre cp. 1. 184 n. 

1, 218, xvxAor, ‘ circles,’ i.e. ‘ groups.’ 

1, 219. &s r4xto7Ta, ‘as soon as possible.” Cp. V. 185 n. 

1, 220, abropdrovus, ‘of their own accord’ [lit. ‘self-moving’]. Cp. 
V. gn. 

1, 222, Heovcav Tod Khpuxos. For dxovey with gen. of the persona 
cp. II. 43 n. 

1, 224. Sta-BadAev. Cp. 1. 183 above, and I. 12 n. 

és, supply ¢doxovra to agree with 7d, ‘ saying that,’ etc. 

1, 226. ghaivwpat, ‘I am shown,’ or ‘proved;’ rather stronger than 
30x@, which would mean, ‘if I seem iz your opinion to be doing wrong;’ 
paiva: ddicety would mean,’ ‘if I am clearly doing wrong.’ 

1. 227. éwe-Oére pot Slenv, ‘impose a penalty on me,’ i.e. ‘ punish me.’ 
Cp. I. 134 n. 

1. 228. xpijoGe airots, ‘deal with them,’ lit. ‘use them.’ [So the 
common phrase Ti xp®pat a’rg@ ;=‘ What am I to do with him?’ also 
the Lat. utor, ‘ treat’ as a friend, etc.] 

1. 229. otpat, ‘I suppose,’ contr. from ofopa. 

Distinguish Sev, ‘from what quarter,’ from Swov, ‘ix what quarter.’ 
[Adverbs in -fev are local ablatives, denoting motion j/rom a place, as 
aé60ev,* whence,’ those in -ov are local genitives denoting rest a¢ or ina 
place, as aod, ‘ where.”] 

1, 232. eis rods BapBdpous, ‘into [the country of] the barbarians,’ i.e. 
into Asia. The Greeks contemptuously called all foreigners BapBapos. 

Distinguish €w, accus. of gws, ‘the morning,’ or ‘the east,’ from 2, 
contr. from édw, ‘I allow.’ Sense and not accent distinguishes és, 
‘until,’ from éws, ‘ morning.’ 

1. 234. d&ow. Cp. 1. 210 n. 

1, 235. wadol Act eloty, lit. ‘there are fair sailings,’ i.e. ‘the wind 
is fair for sailing.’ ([MAoi, contr. from *Aéo1, nom. pl. of sAdes, 
ndois. | 

1, 240. pr BovAopévous, ‘if you did not choose,’ = el hi) BovdAoode. 
Ov Bovdopévous would mean, ‘since [as a matter of fact] you do not 
choose, =of ob BobAccOe. 

1, 241. wat 81 édv, etc., ‘and even supposing that by an act of deception 
I should carry you to the Phasis.’ 

The éf-atrarfoas is contrasted with Bracaluny in the former sentence 
(‘if I could not force you to go, I might perhaps deceive you into 
going ). It literally means ‘having deceived yon i.e. ‘ by deceiving 

you,’ like the Latin gerund in -do. Kot 8 means ‘ suppose that,’ ‘ put 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 151 


the case that,’ so wal 32) reOvaor, ‘ Well suppose they are dead, [what 
then] ?’ (Eur. Medea 386). : 

1. 246. Sixalws ye, ‘ justly at least,’ i.e. ‘their jealousy cannot be well 
founded whatever else it may be; it may be real, or well assumed, but 
not just.’ 

1. 252. 8ta-Baddvras. Cp. I. 12 n. 

Sodvar Sixyv, ‘to give satisfaction,’ i.e. ‘to be punished,’ Lat. dare 
poenas; daBeiv dixny is ‘to take satisfaction,’ i.e. ‘to punish,’ Lat. 
sumere poenas. So also émetvar dixny 1. 227. 

1. 253. bto-oxetv Slenv, ‘submit to [give] an account,’ i.e. ‘be put on 
their trial,’ 

év t@ mpdaGev xpovy, i.e. since the time when the five new generals 
were chosen in place of those murdered by Tissaphernes. See III. 175, 
and IV. 62. 

1. 255. wp@rov, neutr. sing. of mpwros, used as an adverb with 
A€fayra, 

1, 256. tod, i.e. at what stage of the journey. The «al emphasises 
the verb in question, ‘ Where was it then that,’ etc.? * Where were you 
so struck ?’ : 

1. 257. Smou d&-wAAvpeOa, etc., i.e. during their march through 
Armenia (Chap. V. pp. 48, 49). | 

1, 258. GAAd phy,~‘ well indeed.” My is a strengthened form of péy, 
= ‘certainly,’ often =‘ yet.’ 

1, 260. tBpio-rorepos, ‘ more vicious.” “YBpis is used of all kinds of 
wanton actions, and the ass was proverbial for being wanton even when 
tired. 

Distinguish Spws, ‘nevertheless,’ (1) from dpod, ‘together,’ (2) from 
épotws, ‘likewise.’ 

1, 263. ovSév eivar rourwv, ‘that it [the reason he was beaten] was 
none of these things.’ 

1. 264. ob épy, ‘denied’ or ‘said no.’ Cp. 1. 206 n. 

1, 265. ob82 todro én, ‘said he did not do this either.” Ov5e means 
‘not even,’ ‘nor yet,’ or ‘ not either.’ 

1. 267. av-eylyvwoxev, ‘ began to recognise,’ lit. ‘began to perceive 
again [who he was].’ Cp. 194 n. for meaning of yrywvonw. [In 1. 237 
dva-y7yvwono had another meaning, ‘to read.’] 

1, 268. 4 ov ef, ‘surely you are [are you not?].’ Distinguish #, 
‘surely,’ from #, ‘or,’ ‘ than.’ 

Tov kdpvovta, ‘the sick man.’ Kdyve, ‘I labour;’ hence with vdcy 
understood, ‘I labour under a sickness,’ i.e. ‘I am ill.’ Cp. the Lat. 
‘morbo laborare.’ 

1, 270. &AAG, ‘ well but.’ Xenophon admits that he did ‘throw the 
things about,’ but is going to explain why. 


152 NOTES. 


1. 271. 8v-&wxa, ‘I distributed.’ A:d means, ‘in different directions,’ 


or (as here) ‘to different persons.’ 

kat ov, ‘ you also,” ‘you on your part.’ 

1. 274. &w-éSe~as, ‘you produced.’ He was required to produce the 
man committed to his charge at the end of the day’s march, as a con- 
dition of getting back his goods. 

ipeis. This is said to the assembled soldiers? but Xenophon resumes 
his address to the man in the next sentence (#vdyxacd oe, etc.). 

1. 275. xat-eXeltrero, imperf., ‘was on the point of being left behind.’ 

1. 279. &s, with the fut. part. signifies a purpose. Cp. II. 7on. 

1. 281. fu, opt. pres. of (aw. Contracted verbs generally have their 
opt. in -oiny, id instead of -otju, -py:. Cp. III. 133 n. [Remember 
that (4 and xpdopa contract everywhere into 7 instead of a, hence (7 
from (ae, én from é{ae.] 

1, 284. émel, ‘after, Lat. postguam. He means to say that the sick 
man died some time or other, notwithstanding his having been ‘ pro- 
duced’ at the end of that day’s march. Cp. 1, 274.n. Xenophon points 
out the difference between dying in the natural course of things, and 
being buried alive. 

1. 285. wnat ydp, ‘well, for the matter of that,’ lit. ‘[yes}] for we 
also,’ etc. 

1. 286. rovrou otv évexa, ‘for this reason therefore, i.e. ‘Is this any 
reason why?’ The ody connects det with dro-Savobpeba in the preceding 
sentence, ‘Is it cherefore necessary ?” 

1, 288. tratoeev dAlyas wAnyds, ‘gave him [too] few blows,’ the 
cognate accus., or the accus. of a noun of Aindred meaning with the verb. 
So we say, ‘I struck him a blow,’ ‘ they fought a battle,’ etc. 

Il. 289, 290. Note the force of the imperfects éxéAcevev, dv-loraro, 
ZXeyev, ‘ proceeded to command,’ ‘ offered to rise,’ ‘ went on to say.’ 

]. 291. tratoas 54, ‘that I certainly have struck.’ 

1. 293. wAcoverreiv, ‘to get the advantage of, lit. ‘to have’ or ‘¢ry 
to have more than.’ Hence it takes the gen. because of the compara- 
tive mA €or. 

el ee (imperf.), ‘if we had been doing this (as a 
habit). 

av dr-wAdpeda, (aorist), ‘we should (once for all) have been lost.’ 

1, 295. ob« eéAovras, ‘refusing.’ Cp. I. 127 n. Distinguish 26é- 
Aovras, pres. part. of é6éAm, from éMeAovrds, acc. pl. of éGeAovris, ‘a 
volunteer,’ (II. 295. Pp. 41). 

1. 297. wat épaurep, ‘even for myself? Cp. I. a1 for the different 
senses of xal. 

1, 299. #Aavvov, (imperf.) ‘I would urge him on,’ i.e. used to do so 
every time the occasion occurred. 


VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 153 


\. 300. typérynra, ‘suppleness.” The adj. typds means (1) ‘ moist,’ 
(2) ‘soft,’ (3) ‘ pliant,’ especially of the limbs. [So Virgil, Georg. iii. 
76, speaks of the ‘mollia crura,’ the ‘lithely moving’ legs of a high- 
stepping colt.] 

1. 301. id rod KabjoGat, ‘by the [act of] sitting down.’ ‘The article 
with the infin. shows that the verb is used as a gerund or substantive. 
: Lat. sedendo. 

of SderuAot .. dt-eohtovro, See the narrative in Chap. V. 127 
(Pp. 49)- 

1. 303. GaroAetrropévous, etc. See the same narrative a little further 
on, ll, 137-144. 

1, 304. wv§, ‘with the fist.” These adverbs in ¢ denote the instru- 
ment, as Adf, ‘ with the heel,” d8d¢, ‘with the teeth,’ and a few others. 
They are probably shortened forms of dative plurals. [For qué cp. Lat. 
‘ pug-nus ;” Germ. fust ; Eng. ‘ fist.’] 

1. 306. émt dya0@, ‘for good.’ "Ext with the dative implies purpose. 
Cp. éwt Oavdry I. 276 n. 

1. 307. Sotvar Slenv. Cp. 1. 254 n. The sentence means, ‘I am 
content (lit. ‘think it right’) to render the same kind of account [to 
you], as parents do to their children, etc. [when they have chastised 
them].’ In other words, ‘I claim to stand in the position of a parent or 
a master to you.’ 

1. 308. UBpe, ‘through wantonness,’ ‘wantonly,’ ‘through an over- 
bearing spirit.” Cp. 1. 260 n. 

1. 310. Spws. Cp. 1. 260, second note. 

1. 311. év edSlqg, ‘in calm weather,’ i.e. ‘in prosperity.’ All that 
follows down to ]. 315 is a metaphor from a ship at sea. 

1, 314. wal, ‘even.’ Cp. 1. 297 n. 

ép-troujoet, ‘ will involve,’ lit. ‘ will cause in the matter.” 

1. 315. dr-nxOdpnv, 2 aor. of da-exPdvoua, Distinguish it from da- 
Ax-Onv, ist aor. pass. of d-dy-w. 

1. 317. GAAG pry, ‘but surely” Cp. 1. 259 n. 

1. 320. aept-eyévero, ‘turned out in the end, ‘came round,’ as we 
say. : 

1, 321. as means ‘while’ or ‘as long as,’ with a pres. or imperf. as 
here; with an aorist ‘until:’ that is to say, with the continuous tenses 
it has the continuous sense of ‘while,’ with the momentary tense the 
momentary sense of ‘until.’ 

1, 325. Gore, ‘on condition that,’ Lat. ea conditione ut. 

1, 329. Ovcavres ..é5etmvouv. The sacrifices were momentary, the 
feasts lasted some time. 

1, 330. €yévovro, ‘had been made;’ éravancay, ‘ kad sung the paean.’ 
The Paean (1) a song of victory, as when Apollo killed the dragon 


154 : NOTES. 


Python ; (2) a battle song; (3) as here, ‘a festal hymn’ to the gods. 
The aorist in a minor sentence must often be rendered by the pluperf. 
Cp. I. 254, II. 118 n. 

1. 331. Opxjoavro ovv rois SAors, i. e. the dancers imitated military 
movements by attitudes and gestures. These warlike dances were very 
fashionable among the Greeks and Romans; they resembled the modem 
ballet in many respects. 

1. 334. TexvexGs trws, ‘in a sort of artistic manner,’ lit. ‘somehow 
artistically.” [Distinguish ws, ‘somehow,’ from més, ‘how ?”] 

1, 336. rév Slradxay, ‘the Sitalcas-song,’. originally a song in honour 
of Sitalcas, a Thracian king. 

1. 340. Kaptralav, perhaps the ‘wrist-dance, from «apwdés, ‘a wrist, 
because the hands of the vanquished man were tied behind him (1. 347). 
(Others say the ‘harvest dance’ from «apzos, ‘ fruit,’ but (1) the farmer 
was sowing and not reaping, and (2) the brigand tried to get the oxen 
and not the corn. ] 

l. 342. oeiper kai LevynAaret, i.e. imitates the motions of one sowing 
and driving oxen. The whole performance was in pantomime. ([Zevy- 
nAat-éw is compounded of (efyos, ‘a yoke (of oxen), and éAar(Hp), ‘a 
driver,’ from éAards, éAabvvm, ‘I drive.’] 

l. 345. rédos, ‘at last,’ lit.‘as regards the end,’ accus. of respect, 
used adverbially. 

1. 347. td xelpe, instead of 7a xeipe. In Attic (or Athenian) Greek 
the feminine forms of the dual in -a and -aw were seldom used. Thus 
we find t® yuvaike, tad wdAee, etc. 

1. 350. toré pév, ‘at one time,’ ... roré 5é, ‘at another time.” 

as, ‘as if, Lat. tanquam. 

1. 352. €§-exuBiora, imperf. 3rd sing. of é«-evBioraw. The xuBroripes, 
or ‘ tumblers,’ are mentioned both in the Iliad and the Odyssey. Xeno- 
phon elsewhere describes the feats of one of them, who turned somer- 
saults over a circle of upright swords. 

1. 353. té&Aos. Cp. 1. 345 n. 

16 Ilepouxév, sc. dpynyua, ‘the Persian dance.’ 

1. 354. dAage, ‘kept crouching down.’ From the verb d«Ad¢ev this 
Persian dance was sometimes called é*Aacpa. [Hence also the adverb 
deaf, ‘in a crouching posture, formed like Ad{, d3dg, etc.] Cp. 
1. 304 n. 

1. 361. ds éSuvaro kdAAtora, This is the full form of the expression, 
which commonly appears as ws xdAduora, etc. Cp. V. 185 n. 

1. 362. tyv Iuppixnv. This was one of the great military dances. 
It had its origin in Crete and Sparta, and its step was very quick and 
light ; hence in prosody a foot consisting of two short syllables (uu) was 
called the Pyrrhic foot. The Pyrrhic dance continued till quite a late 


Vil. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS, 155 


period and was adopted by the Romans. The dance is still kept up and 
called the Romaika; so Byron says—~ 
‘You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet, 
Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?’ 

1. 366. pfre dducetv, etc. These were the terms which Corylas had 
proposed on behalf of the Paphlagonians, and which the Greeks now 
accepted. Cp. 1. 325. 

perd rodro. Mera with acc. means < after ;’ cp. I. 128. 

1. 367. émevSh, ‘now that.’ The 57 defines éwet more precisely as to 
the time. 

1. 369. ava-Bavres, ‘having embarked,’ els ra wAoia being understood. 

1. 370. Stvonyv. The Sinopians were colonists from Miletus (on the 
West coast of Asia Minor), who had settled in Paphlagonia. 


CHAPTER VIL 


SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 


1. 4. ylyveoOar, imperf. infin., ‘that they were getting near Greece.” 

1. 5. EAéoOar, 2nd aor. mid. of alpéw. Alpetabat i in the middle means, 
‘to choose.’ The passive, ‘I am taken,’ is,expressed by dAlosopau. 

1. 6. éreQov, imperf., ‘ tried to persuade.’ 

1. 8. pelo, with yevéo@a: (making the predicate), ‘would become 
greater,” or ‘ increase.’ 

l, ro. wal, Cp. I. arn. Think what «ai must mean here. 

Tv Tpo-epyacpévyny Sd£av, ‘ the reputation he had already achieved, 
lit. ‘worked out beforehand (by him).’ 

1. 13. See the account of Xenophon’s dream and the way he inter- 
preted it in IV. 43 and following lines. 

1, 15. qpéOn, ‘was chosen.’ Cp.1. 5 n. 

1. 16. oup-paxotpevos, the fut. part., ‘ intending to join Cyrus.’ 

l. 19. pévrou, ‘but,’ or ‘however,’ corresponding to the peév in the 
previous line [pév.. 5¢ is sometimes pey .. pévror], 

én, understand 6 pavris. 

1, 20. ém-rlOer@ar, ‘attack.’ “Em-ridepa (middle) is lit. ‘I set upon,’ 
* attack.’ 

1, 21, The stress is on werépevov, ‘ gets its food when flying.’ 

L a5. eiAovro, Cp. 1. § n. 


156 NOTES, 


L. 26. GAA, ‘well.’ Lit. (‘I don’t refuse it] but for all that. Cp. 
VI. 270 n. 

tore. The sense decides whether it is the imperative, ‘I wish you 
to know this,’ or the indicative, ‘ ye know this.’ 

1, 27. wai éy® leads up to «ai ies. 

1. 28. 8 w &v, ‘whatever. “Ay adds the force of ‘ever. When 
combined with conjunctions or relative pronouns it is always followed 
by the subjunctive. 

1, 29. For os with fut. part. cp. IT. 7o n. 

1, 30. r&v G\Awv, neuter, ‘what remains (to be done),” ‘all other 
points.” Cp. 1. 35. 

1. 34. ofs, the contracted acc. pl. of ofs, gen. olds, acc. oly, Lat. ovis. 
The acc. pl. of nouns of the 3rd declension, whose stem ends in a vowel, 
often becomes, when contracted, the same as the nom, sing., as Bows, vavs, 
fipws for Bd-as, vij-as, fpo-as. 

1, 37. wopevréov etn, ‘they ought to travel.’ For verbals in -réos cp. 
VI. 88 n. The optative is the past of the deliberative present subj. was 
mopevréov 7 ; 

1, 40. ourla tprdv tpepdv, ‘provision for three days,’ or, as we say, 
‘three days’ provision.’ 

1, 42. wkuluenvovs. The xu(cenvds, sc. orar)p, was a gold coin of 
Cyzicus, worth about 20 francs, or a Napoleon, 15s. or 16s. 

ll. 46, 47. Notice the force of the tenses here: ouv-fjyov, imperf, 
*began to collect.’ 

éxéxAewwro, pluperf. ‘had already been shut],’ ‘ were kept shut.’ 

épatvero, imperf., ‘ began to appear.’ 

1. 47. Sada, for dwAtra:, ‘armed men.’ [So weAral, ‘ targets,’ is some- 
times used for weAracrai, ‘ targeteers.’] 

1, 49. é« rotbrov, ‘after this. Cp. I. 85 n. 

1. 50. &s aloyxpov efy. The opt. marks that this was what the 
Arcadians and Achaeans said, whether it were true or not. Cp. VI. 
181 n. 

1, 51. Fv 86, etc. The subject of Hy is tmep-fhprocv, the complement 
*Apwddes cai ’Axarol. ‘More than half the army consisted of Arcadians 
and Achaeans.” 

- 1.53. ds 80. For the opt. cp. 1. 50 n, above. 

waQ’ davrots, ‘by themselves,’ Lat. seorsum, lit. ‘as regards them- 
selves.” 

1, 55. ouv-orycavy, the 2nd aor. of cuy-lornus, because it is intransi- 
tive, ‘stood together,’ i.e. ‘combined.’ [In fornm the 2nd aor., perf., 
and pluperf. are intransitive, the other tenses are transitive.] .Cp. I. 


99 n. 
e(Aovro. Cp. 1 5 2. 


VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 157 


1. 62. tmuéy, sc. orpdrevpa, ‘a cavalry force.” 

1. 63. dwo-Balvovowy, ‘disembark,’ ray mAoiwv understood. 

1. 64. ris év ’Aola Opadins, a portion of Bithynia inhabited by 
Thracians, and called ‘ Asiatic Thrace’ to distinguish it from Thrace in 
Europe, or Thrace proper. [So we speak of Turkey in Europe and 
Turkey in Asia, Russia in Europe and Russia in Asia.] 

1, 68. ém-rlOevras, ‘attack.’ Cp. 1. 20 n. 

1. 69. Distinguish atrév tov Zpixpyra, ‘Smicres himself,” from tév 
abrdv Syixpnra, ‘the same Smicres.’ [Sometimes the article is omitted 
in the former case, as abrés ‘Hyqoavipos, 1. 72 below.] 

1. 73. Tis vuerés, ‘during the night,’ to be distinguished from yverds, 
‘by night.” Cp. IV. 255 n. 

The stress is on oAdol, ‘assembled in great numbers. Of wodAot 
@paqxes would be, ‘ the numerous Thracians,’ or ‘ most of the Thracians.’ 

ll. 74, 75. érarrovro .. éotparomedevovro .. mpos-éBadAov. Observe 
the force of the imperfects. ‘[When the day dawned], there they were 
drawing themselves up, etc.,.. where the Greeks were being encamped, 
and they began to attack,’ etc. 

1. 76. téXos, ‘at last.’ Cp. VI. 345 n. 

1. 77. elpyov, imperf. of efpyw, ‘I restrain,’ ‘keep off;* Lat. arceo. 
Distinguish efpy-w from épy-d(opa:, ‘I work,’ which has perf. pass. eipy- 
agpa. [There is no-such verb as épyw or épyopa: from épyoy, ‘ work.”] 

kat, Think what is the sense of xa? here. Cp. I. a1 n. 

1. 80. ottws Erpagav, not ‘did’ but ‘fared thus.’ MWpdrrey with an 
adverb means ‘to fare.’ [So we say, ‘he is doing well, ‘how do you 
do?’ etc.] 

1. 82. wapd OdAarrav, ‘along the coast ;* lit. ‘alongside of the sea.’ 
Tlapd with the acc. signifies motion along a given line, as well as motion 
to get alongside of a thing. . 

]. 83. rijs Opdngs, i.e. Asiatic Thrace. Cp. 1. 64 n. 

1,84. “HpaxdedriBos, ‘the district of Heraclea, ys or xwpas under- 
stood. [So 4 Meydpis, ‘the Megarid,’ or ‘ district about Megara,’ etc.] 

1. 85. Distinguish trou, ‘to some place’ (‘some-whither’), from ‘ov, 
in next line, ‘in any place’ (‘any-where’). Tos is properly a simple 
locative, like of*o:, but as wou was used for ‘where,’ wo: was kept for 
‘ whither.’ 

Hpwora, imperf., ‘ proceeded to ask them.’ 

1. 88. aept-KexviAdpevor elev, the perf. pass. in a middle sense,—‘ had 
got round them in a circle,’ i.e. ‘had surrounded them.’ [So in Latin, 
‘ circumfunduntur hostem Romani,’ ‘the Romans surround the enemy.’} 

1. go. oxotrety, ‘to reconnoitre.” The infin. in Greek, as in English, 
may express a result very nearly resembling a purpose. In Latin it 
would be ué observaret or ad observandum. 


158 NOTES. 


1. 92. 80a Spgev, ‘ whatever’ [lit. ‘as many things as’] ‘they might 
see. The opt. marks indefiniteness, i.e. ‘at any time, in amy place, in 
any way. We might however use the indicative, ‘whatever they 
saw,’ 

1. 93. éwolovv, imperf., ‘ proceeded to do.’ Cp. 1. 83 n. 

1, 94. at@eoOar, ‘to be on fire’ with watchfires. Distinguish from 
aicbécOa, to ‘ perceive.’ 

1. 95. @s es paxnv, ‘in preparation for fighting;’ lit. ‘as i for 
battle.’ 

1, 101. ris éomépas, ‘in the evening,’ gen. of time. Cp, 1. 73 n. 

1. 102. ye, pluperf. 3rd sing. of ofa, ‘I know.’ 

1. 104. ovp-plfa, here ‘to join.’ Note the two seemingly opposite 
meanings of ovp-piyvups, (1) ‘I join’ in a friendly way, as here; (2) ‘1 
join battle with an enemy.’ 

1. 106. dopevor, lit. ‘ glad,’ i.e, ‘gladly,’ or ‘were glad to see;’ dopevor 
being the real predicate. 

1. 109. év péo@ “Hpaxdelas kai Bufavriou, ‘midway between Heraclea 
and Byzantium.’ (See the Map.) Literally, in the middle as regards 
Heraclea and Byzantium’ (gen. of respect). 

1, 110. wpoxtipevov, ‘jutting out,’ lit. ‘lying forward.’ 

1, 111. TO pev adrod, with xa0-ixov, ‘that portion of it which reaches 
down into the sea.’ 

1,112. Gmoppok, ‘ precipitous,’ lit. ‘ broken off ;’ cp. da-épporya, 2nd 
perf. of dwo-ppyyvum, ‘1 break off” "Av-fqKev, ‘reaching upwards,’ as 
opposed to Ka-fjKov, ‘ reaching downwards,’ 

lq 3. penere,'* at most.’ 

70 evpos, ‘[in} breadth,’ accus. of respect. 

1, 115. ot«foas, the infin., as in English, ‘¢o dwell in.” In Latin it 
would be ad habitandum, or ubi habitarent. Cp. 1. gon. 

Distinguish abrq rq wérpg, ‘the rock itself,’ from ry abrf wérpq, ‘the 
same rock.’ Cp. 1. 69 n. 

1, 116, mpds éorrépay, ‘ [looking] towards the west.’ 

45é0s, ‘fresh,’ lit. ‘sweet,’ as opposed to ‘salt,’ or ‘ brackish.” So 
‘aquae dulces’ in Virgil, Aen. i. 167. 

1,117. émxpare(a, ‘under cover of the fort,’ i.e. ‘commanded by it’ 
(émi and «paros, ‘ power.’) 

]. 119. vad vena Cp. l, 112 n. 

1. 120, éal, ‘up to,’ i.e. ‘as much as.’ 

yeades, ‘earthy,’ lit. ‘earth like,’ contr. from ye-o-ef5ys, from 77, ‘earth,’ 
and eldos, ‘ appearance,’ 

1, 121. wap-hee, ‘extends along.’ 

1, 122. 4 GAAn xepa, not ‘the other district,’ but ‘the rest of the 
district.’ [So in Latin summus mons, ‘the top of a moyntain,’ medius 


VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 159 


amnis, ‘the middle of a river,’ etc.] Distinguish xépa, ‘a district,’ from 
xwplov (its diminutive), ‘a place,’ or military ‘ position.’ 

1. 130. pvynoOe(n, ‘should propose ;’ lit. ‘make mention of.’ So the 
Latin memorare commonly means not ‘to remember,’ but ‘to tell’ or 
‘ relate.’ 

S{xa qoveiv, lit. ‘to make twofold,’ and hence ‘to divide,’ without 
reference to any particular number of parts. The army had actually 
split into ¢hree divisions (rpixy). Cp.1.57. | 

1, 133. éml rq awopelg, ‘with a view to marching,’ i.e. to see whether 
they were to march or not. 

1. 134. €« tovrou, ‘in consequence of this.’ Cp. 1. 49 n. 

1, 135. 4x8ovr0, Distinguish 7y6-dunv, imperf. of dy@opa, ‘to be 
grieved,’ or ‘be in trouble,’ from #x-6ny, Ist aor. pass. of dyw. It might 
also be the 2nd aor..of éx@avopat, but that verb is generally used in its 
compound da-ex@dvopa:.: Cp. VI. 315 n. 

wal ydp, ‘for in fact:’ if ‘for both’ was meant, we should probably 
have Ta Te yap. 

1, 140. els tpls, ‘up to thrice, i.e. ‘as many as three times.’ [Els 
implies going right into anything, hence with numerals it means ‘ fully,’ 
as eis xiAious, ‘ fully a thousand men.”] 

1, 141. éylyvero, sc. xaAd, The phrase ylyvecOa rd iepa was often 
used with the «add, or ‘ favourable,’ understood. 

ovK én dv étayayetv, ‘said that he would not lead out,’ lit. ‘denied 
that he would,’ etc. The &v goes with éf-ayayeiv, and the ovx-épn is to 
be taken together as one word. Cp. IV. 283 n. 

1. 145. o¥5é otrw, ‘not even so,’ i.e. ‘not even then,’ after they had 
tried so many times. 

1, 147. Sewvds Exovras, ‘in a dreadful state.” “Eyew with an adverb 
means, ‘ to be in a certain condition.’ Cp. IV. 2 n. 

vq évdelq, the instrumental dative, ‘through their want.’ 

1. 150, Take mdvras rovs BovAopévous as the subject of iévac after 
éxhpuge, ‘he proclaimed that all who wished should go.’ 

1. 153. €mt to AapBavev, ‘in order to get (provisions),’ lit. ‘ for the 
getting ;’ Lat. ad rapiendum or rapiendi causa. The article with the 
infin, shows that the verb is used as a gerund or a substantive. Cp. I. 
24 0. 

Pharnabazus was the Persian satrap of Bithynia, 

1.155. €« rovrov. Cp. ll. 49, 134 n. 

1. 161. Tovg péev..rous Sé, ‘some ..the others.’ The péy, ‘on the 
one hand’ prepares the reader for a 8e, ‘on the other hand.’ 

1, 162. els rd Sarda, to the place where their arms were piled in camp. 
Hence 7a ém\a came to mean generally ‘the a or ‘quarters,’ 
Cp. ll. 167, 172 n. 


160 . NOTES. 


1. 163. vunrés, ‘ by night,’ gen. of time. [So ‘of’ was formerly used, 
as Hamlet says (Act i. Scene 5) :— 

‘My custom always of the afternoon.” 
Cp. IV. 255 n. 

1, 166, épupvév, the ‘strong’ or ‘fortified position,’ whose natural 
defences were described in ll. rr0-114. This the Greeks were about to 
strengthen artificially by making a trench and palisade across the ‘neck’ 
of land (1. 112). 

1. 167. &va-AaBévres rd SrA, ‘having taken up their arms,’ or, in 
other words, ‘ moving their camp.’ Cp. 1. 162 n. 

1. 168. mpiv.. elvas, ‘ before it was.’ 

iplorov, ‘breakfast,’ to be distinguished from aplorov, gen. of 
dpioros, ‘best.’ Cp. IIT. 15 n. 

atr-erddpevoav.. an-erravpwoav, The amd implies the cutting of 
of the promontory from the mainland by means of the trench and 
palisade. 

1. 172. €evro ta Sida, ‘ piled their arms,’ so as to form a camp in 
their newly-fortified position. Cp. 1. 162 n. 

1. 174. atrod, ‘there,’ ‘where they were,’ gen. of place used as an 
adverb. 

1, 183. €orynoav, Think whether this is the transitive 1st aor. or 
intransitive 2nd aor. of iornu:. Cp. II. 99 n. 

1, 185. Sta-Baréov, ‘must be crossed.’ Ata-Bardv would mean ‘ possible 
to cross.’ Either would make sense here, but what the soldiers were 
just now doubting was the necessity of crossing the ravine. 

1, 186. wap-eyyvaor, ‘pass the word to.’ Tap-eyyvay (lit. ‘to pass 
on asa trust’) is to pass along the word of command, ‘E-yyvn is ‘a 
pledge’ (put év yuiy, ‘in the hand’). 

1. 188. as Taxtora. Cp. V. 185 n. 

1. 189. ovv-AGov, ‘had assembled.’ The aor. in a minor sentence 
must often be rendered by the pluperf. Cp. IT. 118 n. 

tore, ‘know,’ the imperative, as it generally is when used alone like 
this; in form it might also be the and pl. indicative; the sense decides. 
Cp. l. 26 n. 

l. 190, dpayel pév, etc. The pev is answered by 8 in 1. 196, ‘without 

fighting we cannot get away.. but still let us attack the foe.’ (idper Se 
ént rods dydpas.) 

1, 194. €p-trovet Odppos Kat, etc., ‘puts courage even into,’ etc. For 
senses of «al cp. I, 21 n. 

1. 196. dv, instead of & d:a-wewopebpeba, In Greek the relative is 
often made to agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender, 
number, and person. But this is only done when the relative would 
otherwise have been in the accusative, Cp. I. 290 n. 


VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 161 


1. 199. Strov dv, ‘wherever.’ Cp. 1. 28 n. 

1. 200, map-ayyelhas. Notice the force of mapa, ‘having passed word 
along the line.’ 

1. 201. Distinguish 4, ‘where’ (Lat. gua), from %, the fem. article; 4, 
nom. fem. of és; #, ‘or;’ 7, 3rd sing. subj. of elyi; and #, ‘surely.’ 

étuyxavev dv. Cp. IV. 5 n. 

1, 202, 8i-éByoav. Remember this is the 2nd aor. 

éwi ddXayyos, ‘in line,’ as opposed to ém xépws, ‘in column.’ #éAay£ 
means ‘a rank,’ or ‘line’ of heavy armed men, not necessarily a compact 
mass, which applies only to the later Macedonian phalanx or line of 
battle. [The word PdAayf is probably connected with ‘pale,’ ‘pole,’ 
etc. ] 

1. 204. map-nyyéAAeto, passive impersonal, ‘the word was being 
passed along.’ Cp. lL 200. 

1, 205. €ws onpatvot, supply 6 cadmcyeras, ‘until the trumpeter gave 
a signal,’ °Ews, ‘ until,’ is generally followed by an aorist, but onpaives 
is a regular expression for ‘the trumpet sounds,’ For the opt. cp. 
1, g2 n. 

1. 206. «a0-révras cig mpoBoAhyv, ‘couching (their lances) for the 
charge,’ lit. ‘setting them down {off the shoulders] for a pushing 
forward,’ Cp. our command, ‘charge bayonets,’ as opposed to ‘slope 
arms’ on the shoulder. 

Spdépo, ‘fast,’ our ‘at the double,’ lit. ‘at a run.” See note on ei 
Spépy II. 54. 

1. 207. mwap-yet, ‘went,’ or ‘was passed along the ranks.’ Cp. 1. 204 n. 

ll. 212-215. Observe the change of tenses in this passage. ‘Lar-nvriage 
(imperf.), ‘began to confront them ;’ &0éyEaro (aor, after éwet in a 
minor sentence, II. 118 n.), ‘had sounded ;’ éwatdvefov (imperf.), ‘ began 
the war-cry;’ «a0-leoav (imperf.), ‘were couching ;’ éSéfavro (aor. in 
principal sentence), ‘sustained ;” éevyov (imperf.), ‘ began to flee.’ 

1. 217. éb-eltero, imperf. of ép-éropua:, ‘I follow after. [Distinguish 
eindépny, imperf. of éropa:, from elroy, ‘I said,’ and aor. of @yyt. Cp. IL. 
158 n.] 

1, 220, 45m, ‘at once.’ 

1, 221. ém-éxewro, ‘attacked’ Keiya, ‘I lie,’ with its compounds, is 
used for the passive or middle of 7i@ny: and its compounds; but ém- 
videc@a also means, ‘to attack.’ Cp.1. 20 n. 

1, 223. dtr-€bavov, ‘were killed.’ ’Amo-6yjcxw is often used for the 
passive of dmo-xreiva, ‘I kill.’ 

1, 225. ro PapvaBdalou lameév, sc. orpdrevya, the same as of Sapva- 
Ba ou trreis 1, 153. 

1, 226. én ovv-eorneds, ‘still unbroken.’ 

L 228. Kai éni rovrous, ‘ against these also.” Cp. I. 21. 


M 


! 


162 NOTES. 


1. 228. ds py reOappanéres Gva-wascaivro, ‘that they might not take 
courage and recover themselves.” G@appéa is to ‘rally,’ ‘feel confidence ;’ 
dyawavopai, to ‘rest,’ or ‘ recover one’s strength.’ 

1. 229. 8&4, ‘so then,’ ‘ accordingly.’ 

1. 230. ward (with gen.), ‘down from.’ 

1 235. tes .. nara-péves, ‘as long as the army remained,’ or ‘ might 
remain.’ The optative marks that the length of their stay was uncertain 
and variable. 

1, 237. dwt Aclav, ‘for plunder,’ i.e. fo get it. ‘Est with accus. marks 
the object of their going. Cp. IV. 209 n. 

1. 238. déwére, with opt., ‘ whenever,’ or ‘as often as,’ followed by the 
past tense &Sofev, ‘it was resolved.’ [The actual words of the resolution 
would be éwérav 7d orpdrevpa ep, gév ris AGBy 71, Sonet clvar Inpd- 
cioy, ‘whenever the army goes out, if anyone ‘akes anything, it is 
resolved that this shall be public property.’ Cp. L. 287.) 

1. 240. érvyxavev 6v. Cp. IV. 5 n. 

l. 245. rd pév, ‘some,’ or ‘a part;’ ra 5é, ‘the others,’ or ‘the 
remainder.’ Cp. L 161 n. 

1. 247. wept-eorGras, and perf.=sep-eornxdéras, the perf. part. of 
wept-iornu, “Eornea is used as a pres. and means, ‘I stand.’ [For the 
transitive and intransitive tenses of orn cp. I. 99 n.] 

1. 248. ratra, sc. ra apdBara, 1. 245. 

1. a51. dd-atpetras, ‘rescues,’ the middle voice. The passive of alpéw 
is supplied by dAlowopa:, ‘I am taken.’ 

1. 254. Distinguish avrég 6 KAéavSpos, ‘Cleander himself, from 4 
avuTos KAéaydpos, ‘the same Cleander.” Cp. 1. 69 n. 

1, 259. ov« &py Gv yevéoOas, ‘said that it could not be.’ Od-gnypi is 
as one word, ‘I say [a thing] is not, and the a» goes with yevéodu. 
Cp. lL. 141 n. 

1. 260, rdv &¢-eAdpevoy, ‘the rescuer of the prisoner,’ acc. after éxdae. 
This was Agasias, 1. 251. 

1, 265. worjoas, ‘to do to me,’ i.e. ‘that he may do. The Greeks, 
like ourselves, could express even a purpose by the infinitive mood. In 
Latin it would be ‘ut faciat.’ Cp. 1.90 n. 

3 ru dv, ‘whatever. Cp. 1. 28 n. 

1. 269. olSa dévra, ‘I know that he is” ‘The Greeks used the participle 
after verbs of knowing, feeling, etc., where the Latin would require the 
accus. and infin., scio hunc esse, Oida elvae means, ‘I know how to be.’ 
Cp. II. 108 n. 

1, 271. atpe@eis, ‘having been chosen.’ The middle aipeto@a: means, 
‘to choose,’ and the perf. and ist aor. ypnua: and ypé@yv, commonly 
have the same meaning in the passive, since dAioxopa is used for ‘I am 
taken.’ Cp. IV. 64 n. 


VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 163 


aevtTnKxovTépov, etc. While the Greeks were at Trapezus, waiting 
for the return of Cheirisophus (VI. 10), the Trapezuntines lent them a 
fifty-oared galley to collect transports with. Dexippus being put in 
command of the vessel made off with it, and thus placed the Greeks in 
an awkward position with the Trapezuntines. 

js for #v, the relative being attracted into the case of its antecedent. 
Cp. 1. 196, I. 290 n. 

1. 273. tovrov, ‘from him,’ governed by the dwd in dd-eAduny, in the 
next line. 

1. 274. da-Ayes, imperf., ‘if you had been taking him off.’ El dmpyayes 
(2nd aor.) would mean, ‘if you had taken him off.’ 

1, 275. ovx .. o08év. In Greek two or more negatives make the 
negation stronger. Here ot« dv énolnoa ovdéy is, ‘1 would not have 
done anything.’ Cp. II. 59 n. 

1. 277. Sua, with accus., ‘for the sake of.’ With the gen. it is ‘ by 
means of,’ as &d cov, ‘ by your means.’ 

ll. 278, 279. pev.. pévrov=pery.. 52, only the 3é is replaced by the 
stronger word pévror, ‘ however.’ 

1. 281. xeXevow, the Ist aor. subj. not the fut. Compounds of &v (as 
édv, Stay, etc.) always take the subj., ‘ whenever I give the order.’ 

1, 282, Distinguish alridpar (contr. from alridopa:), ‘I blame,’ from 
airéw, ‘I ask.’ 

1. 283. atrés, the nom. in apposition to obros, the subject of duodoyel. 
In Latin it would be the accus. before the infin., ‘confitetur se eripuisse.’ 
Cp. IV. 286 n. 

1, 285. émasov .. €BadAov, imperfects, ‘ I offered to strike,’ etc. 

1. 286. ety, ‘ were,’ not ‘would be.’ The opt. is used in Greek after 
S71, when the principal verb is in the past tense, but we use the past 
indicative after ‘ saying that.’ 

1. 287. édv .. Anifnrar, etc., the actual words of the resolution. Cp. 
1, 238 n. The present tense means, ‘ engages in plundering.’ 

1, 289. fyev, imperf., ‘ was bringing.’ 

1. 290. tots Aqorats, i.e. the soldiers who wished to keep the booty 
for themselves, and got Dexippus to help them. See 1. 245. 

aapa, ‘contrary to,’ lit. ‘ beside the mark of.’ Cp. III. 75 n, 

1, 292. Think before translating wal here, and cp. I. 21 n. 

1. 293. peta tradra. Cp. I. 128 n, 

1, 300. GAAd, ‘well.”? Cp. VI. 258, 270 n. 

1, 301. trap-évopar tpty, ‘will be present to you,’ i.e. ‘ will help you ;’ 
Lat. ‘vobis adero.” (Cp. ‘a present help in trouble,’ Psalm xlvi. 1.] 

L 303. éx rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n. 

éni ty wopeia, ‘with a view to the march,’ i.e, to see whether they 
were to march, Cp. 1. 133 n. 


M 2 


164 NOTES. 


1. 305, wal emphasises paAAov, * even more (than before).” 

1. 308, ob ylyverat, understand «add, Cp. 1. 141 n. 

1, 310. &s dv S0vepefa xddAAtora, lit. ‘as we may be able in the best 
manner,’ i.e. ‘as well as ever we can.’ The dy adds the meaning of 
‘ever’ to the ds. Cp. 1. 28 n. 

1. 312. €§-erropevovro, imperf., ‘ proceeded in their march ;’ ad-{xovro, 
and aor., ‘ arrived,” 





CHAPTER VIII. 


CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 


1, 3. éruxev dy, ‘ was at the time.’ Cp. IV. 5 n. 

1, 10. ds dro-trépypov, ‘intending to send away.’ ‘Qs with fut. part. 
denotes a purpose. Cp. II. 7o n. 

1, 11. Hx8ovro. Cp. VII. 135 n. 

1, 12, ém-owrfLer@8ar. The infinitive expresses the purpose for which 
they wanted money. Lat. ‘quo commeatum facerent.’ 

1, 13. Sre péAAor, ‘that he intended,’ not ‘would intend.’ Cp. VIL 
286 n. 

1, 14. 48y, ‘at once.’ Cp. VII. 220 n. 

1. 15. &s here means ‘as if;’ ws oup-ropevodpevos, ‘ under pretence of 
going with,’ 

1. 16, éweBdv (= ered) by), ‘as soon as ever. ’Emed’y is stronger 
than éwe?, and the dy adds the force of ‘ever.’ Cp. VII. 28 n. 

yévntat does not simply=7, ‘shall be,’ but ‘shall have been got 
outside.” Cp. 1V. 125 n. 

1. 20. ds tdxtora, Cp. V. 185 n. 

1. 29. Oéovor Spdpq, ‘run fast,’ lit. ‘ata run. Cp. II. §4n. 

els-révres is the fut. part. (since ef: = ibo), therefore with ws it marks 
a purpose. Cp. I. ron. 

1, 30. Eteonicus had been posted at the gate, with orders to secure 
the bolt as soon as all the soldiers had gone out. 

1. 31. avrot, nom. in apposition with the subject of Aeyorv. Cp. VII. 
283 n. Ot orparidrar, i.e. the soldiers outside, 

1, 32. dv-ol£ovor, the fut. ind. instead of the opt. in a reported speech. 
The soldiers would say, ‘ We will smash the gates, unless you will open 
them’ (dyoifere), and the Greek historian in repeating their words 


VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 165 


keeps the tense and mood, only changing the person from second to 
third, 

1. 35. érbyyxavov Svres. Cp. IV.5n. There had not been time to 
get the whole army out of the town, before those outside began the 
disturbance. 

1. 36. dva-eravvuovor, 3rd pl. pres. ind. of dva-rerdyvuju. Verbs in 
-vupe often form this person as if from a verb in -vw, instead of making 
it end in -vact. 

1. 38. rd yryvépeva, imperf. part., ‘what was being done.’ [Ta 
yevépeva, 2nd aor., would mean ‘ what was done.’} 

1. 42. of &¢ xaOetAkov. Oi 5¢ means, ‘those who fled to the ships.’ . 

1. 45. tiv dxpav, the same as 7H dxpédmoAw in the next line,—the 
‘citadel’ or ‘castle.’ 

1. 51. dv&pr aya0g, the dat. in apposition to oot, which is governed 
by éf-eorv. [So in Latin ‘ Themistocli licuit esse otioso.”] 

1. 52. ef BotAoro. . &v évioats. The opt. means, ‘if you were to desire 
it, you would benefit.” Cp. IV. 113 n. for the four forms of conditional 
sentences, of which this is the ¢hird. 

1. 54. GAA, ‘well.’ Cp. VI. 270, VII. 300 n. 

1. 55. Qéa0e +a StrAa, lit. ‘ground your shields,’ i. e. ‘fall in,’ or ‘stand 
ready under arms,’ not ‘lay down your arms.’ Cp. I. 241 n. Xenophon 
knew that his only chance of restoring order was to get them to fall in 
to their proper position in rank, 

1. 56. dg tTaxvora, Cp. V. 185 n. 

1. 57. wap-ayyéAAew, ‘to pass the word along the line (wapa).’ Cp. 
1. 204 n. 

1, 59. €cevro, used as the passive of 7i@yy (VII. 221 n.), therefore ta 
StrAa éxevro means, ‘the arms were grounded,’ i.e. the soldiers stood 
ready. Cp. 1. 55 n. 

1, 62. r@ Gupe, not ‘mind,’ but ‘your passion.” @upds (from Ova, 
‘I rush’), means the part which feels, and gets excited, i.e. the pas- 
sions and emotions (Lat. animus), vous being the part which ‘thinks, 
i. e. the intellect (Lat. mens). 

Tiwpnompeia, ‘punish,’ lit. ‘ avenge ourselves upon.’ Cp. I. 151 n. 

1, 64. & orate éevredOev, lit. ‘what will be thence,’ i.e. ‘what will be 
the consequences.” “Evrevdev=é« rovray. 

1. 71. dd-atpynodpevor, fut. part., ‘intending to take away;’ Lat. 
adempturi. So aro-xrevotvres, ‘intending to kill ;’ Lat. occisuri. 

1. 72. wpds Oedv, lit. ‘ before,’ or ‘in presence of the gods ;’ hence in 
taking an oath, ‘by the gods:’ Lat. per deos (vos oro). 3 

1, 73. rats warplor, ‘to our (respective) fatherlands,’ i. e. the several 
states in Greece to which we each belong. : 

1. 77. The stress is on “EAAnviba and mpwrny, ‘ the first Greek city we 


166 NOTES. 


entered,’ lit. ‘a Greek city into which (as the) first we came,’ zpwrny 
being in apposition with fv. ([Cotyora is called ‘a Greek town’ (VI. 
117), So also were Trapezus and Heraclea; but being in Asia and under 
the king of Persia, they are here ranked as ‘ barbarian’ as compared 
with Byzantium. ] 

1, 79. touhoovres, ‘ with the intention of doing” Cp. 1. 71 n. 

1. 81. ot éf-atrardpevor, etc.=‘not because we are deceived, but 
because we consent. A Greek participle must often be translated by a 
conjunction and the indicative of the verb, Cp. I. 261 n. 

1. 85. me@opdvors, ‘if they obeyed,’ lit. ‘obeying.’ See preceding 
note, and reference to I. 261.° 

1. 86. é& rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n. 

1. 88. Sta-rpagacbat Strws, etc., lit. ‘to manage matters (with 
Anaxibius) so that,” etc., i.e. ‘to arrange that, to get leave from 
Anaxibius. Acad gives the force of ‘ effecting thoroughly.” 

1. oI. 4xw, ‘I am come,’ or ‘have come,’=the perf. of Epxopa, ‘1 
come,’ or ‘am coming.’ 

1. 97. St-epépovro, ‘were disputing,’ lit. ‘were going different ways’ 
(3:4). So we say ‘to have a difference,’ i.e. ‘a quarrel.’ 

1. g9. Gtro-8iBdpevor. Distinguish dwo-didwp: (act.), ‘I give back,’ 
from dzro-di8opar (mid.), ‘I sell.’ 

1. 100. otf 8€, ‘and others,’ besides those who sailed away. 

kara tds méAes, ‘in the different towns. Kara is here distributive. 
Cp. IV. 231 n. 

1. 101. yeyvopévev, imperf. part., ‘if this went on.’ Cp. 1 38 n.; Le. 
by getting this done he would please Pharnabazus. . 

1. 102. xaplfeo0a. PapvaBdlw, because Pharnabazus, the satrap of 
Bithynia (VII. 153 n.) was afraid of having the Greek army so near his 
province. See ll. 1, 2 of this Chapter. 

1. 104, Appoorys, ‘as governor,’ in apposition to d:d8oxos. 

1. 108. &tro-Sé6c0at, ‘sell as slaves.’ Cp. 1. 99 n. 

1. 107. €Adrrovs. What is the uncontracted form of this word? 

1. 108. wapa-rAevoas, lit. ‘having sailed along (the coast),’ Le. 
‘having coasted along.’ 

1. 109. For Parium and Perinthus (1. 112), see the Map and 
Vocabulary. 

]. 110. ds taxtora. Cp. V. 185 n. 

tovs St-eorrappévous tOv orparwrdy, lit. ‘the dispersed (ones) of the 
soldiers,’ i. e. ‘those of the soldiers who had been dispersed’ (1. 100). 
Xrpariwroyv is the partitive gen. 

1, 111. Sta-B.Pdfev. Remember that 6:84(w and its compounds are 
transitive, ‘to cause to go.’ 

1. 114. eltrovro, to be distinguished from efrov. Cp. II. 158 n. 


VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 167 


1. 115. ds Sta-Byodpevor, lit. ‘as about to cross,’ ie. ‘because they 
were going to cross,’ or ‘ at the thought of crossing’ (after dopevot). 

1. 119. bm-+0Xvouvpevos, ‘though he promised,’ the participle, or 
‘though promising.’ Kaiwep is usually added to a participle to mark 
that it means ‘although.’ Cp. I. 261 n. 

]. 121. ewe rots orparidrats py) wreparodaGat, ‘told the soldiers nof 
to cross ;’ Lat. ‘militibus imperavit ne trajicerent.’ [Ele tous orpatw- 
Tas ov mepaododa, would be, ‘ said that the soldiers were not crossing ;’ 
Lat. ‘ dixit milites zon trajicere.”] | 

1. 123. éxéXevoev, ‘had ordered.” The aor. in a minor sense is 
generally translated by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n. 

1. 130. ris vuerés. Cp. IV. 255 n. 

1, 135. S0o dvipas. A dual adj. may always be put with a plural 
noun (and vice versa), unless particular stress is laid upon the fact that 
two only are meant.’ Cp. I. 1n, 

1, 136, éw-hpero. Distinguish (1) Apdunv, and aor. of gpopya: (pres. 
épwrdo), ‘I ask,’ (2) ypdunv, imperf. pass. of alpw, ‘I raise;’ (3) 
ypoupny, imperf. of alpéouat, ‘I choose.’ 

& tt BovAorto xpioGar, lit. ‘in what he wished to use,” i.e. ‘ what use 
he wished to make of.’ %O 7: is the accus. of respect, ‘as to what.’ 

1, 138. O@vvav. The Thyni originally inhabited the Thracian district 
near Salmydessus on the Euxine; but were driven into Asia, and 
colonised Bithynia, formerly called Bebrycia. 

1. 139. The dominions of Maesades were a dependency of the Odrysian 
kingdom. When the power of the Odrysae declined, the whole kingdom 
was divided, and then Seuthes lost that portion of it which his father 
had ruled. ‘The Odrysae once had a very extensive dominion, on both 
sides of the Hebrus (now the Maritza river). At one time their power 
extended beyond the Haemus (Balkan) range to the Danube, and as far 
west as the Strymon; thus including most of the eastern portion of the 
modern Roumelia and Bulgaria. It was now on the decline. 

éx-trlrrres, lit. ‘falls out,’ i.e. ‘is banished.’ °*Ex-nimre is used as the 
passive of éx-BdAAm, ‘TI cast out.’ 

1. 141. t@ viv Baowret, ‘the present king.’ Any word or words 
between the article and its noun=an adjective. Cp. I. 109, IV. 
124 n. 

4 142. GAXotplas. ’AAASrpios is the possessive of dAAos, ‘ belonging 
to another.’ Cp. the Lat. alienus from alius, 

1, 144. Tipwpolwnv, middle, ‘take vengeance on,’ i.e. ‘punish.’ Cp. IL 
151 n. 

* 145. dtro-Brérwv, ‘looking’ for my daily maintenance, as a dog 
watches for scraps from the table. “Amo-BAérewv is lit. ‘to look away 
from’ everything else towards one object, hence ‘to look eagerly,’ 


168 NOTES. 


1. 145. éx rourov, here ‘in consequence of this,’ not merely ‘after this,’ 
as in former instances (I. 85, etc.). 

1. 147. GtpeoGe. Observe the sense before translating. 

ll. 143, 149. et. . wapa-yévoroGe, etc., ‘if you were to join me, I think 
I should,’ etc. The opt. marks that the event of the Greeks joining 
Seuthes is as yet uncertain, a mere possibility in fact. This is the third 
out of the four forms of conditionals, IV. 113 n. 

lL. rs1. ef AOorper, ‘if we were to come.’ See the last note. 

ll. 155-157. édv py S:a-wpafepev.. cv Sia. This is the second 
form of conditional (IV. 113 n.); ‘if (by any chance) we shall not have 
succeeded in doing this for you, will you receive us,’ etc. [When the 
principal verb is in the fut. ind., the ‘if? clause generally has éay with 
the subj.] 

1. 156. Supply éd» from the former line before 4. 

1. 157. BovAdpeOa, not BovAewra, because the antecedent to Soo. is 
{jpGs, ‘as many of us as desire.’ 

1. 160. +Hv Ovyarépa. The article ri marks the possessive of the 
same person as the verb wow, Cp. I. 15 n. 

1. 161. Although tig has an accent, it means ‘any,’ not ‘who?’ The 
accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from the oor following; 
ef would not have any accent if it had not the accent thrown back 
from tis. 

1. 162. The custom of buying a wife prevailed in other Eastem 
nations besides Thrace, and anciently in Greece itself. [Hence one 
meaning of the word €5va in Homer is money paid by the suitor to the 
parents of the bride.] For Bisanthe see Map and Vocabulary. 

1. 163. t&v-éai-Oaddrry-xwplev. For the article and noun with 
words between, cp. I. 109 n. 

1. 169. The stress is on évOaSe pévovtes, ‘whether you will stay here 
and consult, or,’ etc. 

* 1.175. d&w-udvres, fut. part., lit. ‘about to depart,’ i.e. ‘for departure.’ 

1.176. ov-onxevaleoGe, ‘pack up.’ u-cxevd{eoOar is ‘ to collect (and 
pack up) one’s baggage (7d oxevn).’ Lat. vasa colligere. 

1,178. peta tatra, Cp. I. 128 n, 

eiwovto. Cp. 1. 115, II. 158 n. 

1, 182. Sowep wat viv. Supply the 2nd pl. pres. ind. act. of the verb 
from which AyWeoGe comes. 

1. 184. 8ta-rOépevos, ‘disposing of (by sale).” ArartOnps is lit. ‘I put 
in different places,’ Lat. dispono, whence our ‘dispose.’ 

wopi{w. Think what mood this must be after iva, 

1, 185, éw-vyjpero. Cp. 1. 136 n. 

arécov, ‘how much?’ i.e. ‘how far?’ Lat. quantum. 

ll, 186, 187. ovSapi, okay, properly datives of place, meaning 


VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 169 


*no-where, ‘in many places,’ but here rather implying time, ‘on no 
occasion, ‘on many occasions, i.e. ‘often.’ [Though these words were 
originally datives, the t subscript was dropped when they came to be used 
simply as adverbs. So mavrayf, dAAaxf, etc.] 

1. 187. éwt rovrous, ‘on these conditions.’ Cp. IV. 350 n. 

1. 190. kara ragers, lit. ‘according to ranks,’ i.e. ‘in separate ranks.’ 
Cp. 1. 100 n. 

1. 191. &s wap-tévres. For ws with the fué. part., cp. II. 7o n. 

1, 195. péystora, superl. of peydrws, adv. of wéyas. The superlative 
of an adverb is generally only the neut. plur. of the superlative of the 
corresponding adjective. 

6 tt av éxps, ‘whatever you have’ or ‘may have.’ Cp. VII. 28 n. 

1. 196. The stress is on edvovg, ‘it is because I am well-disposed to 
you that,’ etc. Cp. I. 261 n. 

1, 198. teloet. Remember (1) that séc0xo may mean to ‘get good’ as 
well as to ‘get harm ;’ (2) that sdoya being used as passive of moéw 
(‘to treat well’ or ‘ill’) is followed by i2d marking the agent. 

1. 201. tpltoBes, ‘ three-legged tables.’ Each guest had a table to 
himself, and these were brought in and removed at each course. 

1, 204. tapa-Keusévous, ‘which were set near him,’ Keita: is used for 
the passive of ri@nu. Cp. III. 207, VII. 221 n. 

1. 205. kata pucpdv, ‘in small pieces,” Kard is distributive. Cp. 
1, 100 n. | 

1. 206. éxetwro. Cp. 1. 204 n. 

1, 207. Distinguish ratrd, ‘the same things,’ from 7avra, ‘ these things.’ 
Cp. I. 275 n. 

Sewds hayeiv, as we say ‘a ¢errible one to eat,’ i. e. ‘a great eater.’ 

1. 210. éSelave., imperf. ‘went on with his supper.’ 

1, 214. +h Adyou, ‘what he said,’ the indirect question after jpdra. 
But in the next line it is 6 ru Aé-you, ‘ what,’ i. e. ‘ that which he said.’ 

1, 216. pév 84. The pév leads up to the 8é in the next section, the 3) 
winds up this paragraph. The two=‘so then,’ and are used to mark 
the end of one subject and the beginning of another. 

1. 218, wpo-mlve oot, lit. ‘I drink before you,’ i.e. ‘I drink your 
health.’ In asking a man to drink wine with you, the Greek custom 
was to drink first yourself and then pass on the cup. 

1, 220. Sidkwv, ‘when you pursue,’ &tro-xwpGv, ‘ when you retreat.’ Cp. 
I. 261 n. Observe xal.. al answering to one another. 

], 221, dwo-gevéer. Remember that the fut. of petym is pebfopat, not 
gev{w. ‘And implies ‘ get clear off.’ 

1, 223. 8 ve morot, ‘what he should do,’ the deliberative opt. after 
Twopetro. 

1, 223. €ka@nro. Why is the augment before the preposition? Because 


170 NOTES. 


xa0-npos was so much oftener used than the simple verb #ya:z, that it 
ceased to be treated as a compound at all. Cp. IV. 60n. 

1, 227. efvat, the infin. in Greek expressing a result or consequence, 
where the Latin would require ué or gui with the subj., (qui simus Or 
futuros). Cp. VII. go n. 

1, 229. Distinguish perd tovreyv, ‘with these (men), from perd ravra 
(1. 234), ‘after these (things).’ 

1, 232. avrof, ‘of their own accord.’ 

1, 234. abAotvres Képact, ‘playing on horns. AvAéw is lit. ‘I play 
the flute,’ or ‘ flageolet,’ hence simply ‘I play (any instrument).’ 

1, 235. wodepucdy, ‘a war-cry, some neuter word, such as Aéape, 
‘a shout,’ being understood. 

€£-jAaro, Ist aor. of éf-dAAouar. Seuthes was performing a mimic 
war-dance, like the one described in Chap. VII. 330. 

1, 240. pvdd£EacGat, middle, ‘are on their guard.’ Cp. III. gt n. 

1. 243. Owérav, ‘as soon as ever.’ Compounds of dav always take the 
subj.; 4y when not attached to a conjunction can never go with the subj. 
Cp. VII. 28 n. 

1, 247. elwovro, Cp. Il. 114, 178 n., also IT. 158 n,. 

1. 249. abrés, the nom. in apposition with the subject of én. 
In Latin it would be ‘dixit se ipsum speculaturum esse.’ Cp. IV. 
286 n. 

1. 251. Avjoopev .. €wt-meodvres, lit. ‘we shall escape notice having 
fallen upon,’ i.e. ‘we shall fall upon unperceived.’ AavOdvew with a 
participle (or a verb with the part. of Aav@dyw) may often be translated 
by an adverb ‘secretly,’ ‘unawares,’ etc., as AavOdyw wow or ze 
Aaday, ‘I do it secretly.’ 

1, 255. 45, ‘already,’ Lat. jam, in 1 257 ‘at once,’ Lat. jam or 
profecto, 

1, 258. wara-Qetv. Remember this has nothing to do with sara-Oetva:. 

1. 259. &e tTdxtora. Cp. V. 185 n. 

1, 267. GAA, ‘well.’ Cp. VI. 270. ’Eyo pév answers to od &é in 
next line. 

1. 268, wapa-reivar rv pdAayya, ‘to extend his line along.” #éAayf 
in Xenophon does not mean a compact body of men, but ‘a line of battle.’ 
Cp. VII. 202 n. 

1, 270, avrov. Cp. VII. 174 n. 

1, 273. &ro-Sdé00a, the Greek infin. marking design. Lat. ut venderet, 
Cp. 1. 227, VII. go n. 

1. 277. & ép€powro, imperf., ‘which they were carrying, i.e. ‘while 
they were carrying it.’ 

1, 278. 6 ofvos, etc. So Ovid, writing from his dreary place of exile 
at Tomi, near the mouths of the Danube, says (Tristia, i. 10. 23)— 


VIIT, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 171 


‘Udaque consistunt formam servantia testae 
Vina, nec hausta meri, sed data frusta bibunt.’ 
* Liquid wine grows solid, keeping the shape of its jar, and they drink 
not draughts of wine, but pieces of it.’ 

1. 279. d&a-exalovro, lit. ‘ were burnt off,’ i.e. ‘were frost-bitten.’ The 
imperfect implies the frequency of the occurrence. The expression 
‘burning’ is sometimes used of intense cold, as well as of intense heat. 
[So Virgil uses adurere of the north-wind, and Milton in Par. Lost, 
ii. 294, says, 
‘The parching air 

Burns frore (= frozen) and cold performs the effect of fire.”] 

1. 280. abrod. Cp. 1. 270 above. 

1. 282. avwrdte, adverb, superl. of dyw. Comp. dywrépw. Coming 
between the article rq and its noun #dpy it has the force of an adjective. 
Cp. I. 109 n. 

1, 286. émv-riGevrar. Cp. VIT. 20 n. 

1, 289. é£-v6vTa, Gtro-OvijoKew, ‘to come out and be killed.” ’Aro- 
OynoKkw is used for the passive of dro-xreiva, ‘I kill.’ 

1, 290. of wept tov Eevoddvra, lit. ‘those about Xenephon (including 
himself),’ i. e. ‘Xenophon and his friends.’ 

1, 291. StAavds Maxlorvg, a neighbour of Xenophon. This is why 
Xenophon mentions him here particularly. (See Vocabulary.) 

1. 294. of pév, ‘some.’ of S€, ‘others.’ Cp. VII. 161 n. 

1, 297. &tr-€8ave. See note on ]. 284 above. 

1. 300. «al, Think before translating. Cp. I. 21 n. 

tpitrAaclay, i.e. ‘three times as much’ as he had before the Greeks 
joined him. 

l. 304. & A€youev, ‘ what they said,’ not ‘might say ;’ the opt. is used 
in Greek in a reported speech after a principal verb in the past tense 
(é-e5elxvvev), where we should use the indicative, 

1, 306. otx-épn, as one word, ‘refused.’ Cp. IV. 278, 283 n. 

Tiwptoacbat, ‘to avenge himself upon,’ i.e. ‘to punish.’ Cp. 1. 
151 D. 

*t 308. Zxaw Sleny, lit. ‘have penalty,’ i.e. ‘are punished.’ 

ei xovrat, ‘if (as is the case) they will be,’ or ‘since they will be.’ 
Cp. VI. 113 n. 

1. 309. Sphpovs, ‘as hostages,’ in apposition to todg Suvarwrd- | 
TOUS. 

1, 310. eaxdév rt qrovety depends on Svvarwrdrous, 

Distinguish é@yv, infin, of ééw, ‘I allow,’ from éay, ‘if;’ also ofkor, ‘at 
home,’ from ola, ‘ houses,’ Cp. I. 298 n. 

1. 314. Fs, instead of fy, after dw-é5070. The relative is ‘attracted’ 
into the case of its antecedent Aeias. Cp. I. 290 n. , 


172 NOTES. 


1, 314. dw-&50ro, ‘had sold,’ being in a minor sentence. Cp. I. 
118 n. 

Distinguish dao-8idap, ‘I give back,’ ‘ render,’ from dmo-diSopaz (mid.), 
‘I sell.” Cp. 1. 99 n. 

1, 316. wAeiov ris Aciag, ‘more of the spoil’ than had produced the 
pay for twenty days. 

1, 319. wAfpy tov proddy, ‘the pay in full,’ wAjpy, i.e. ‘the pay 
which you brought would have been in full,’ being the predicate to rév 
pucddv, Cp. note on Hdtv rdv rpdmov III. 206. 

éSivw, 2nd sing. imperf. of 8’vayo:, shortened from édvva(o)o. 
Ki pi éStve, ‘if you kad not been able.’ 

1. 320. rodrov, sc. Tov paddy. 

kal d&tréSou dv, ‘you would even have sold.’ This is the last of the 
four conditional forms given in the note on IV. 113. 

1, 322, S-€BoAAe. Cp. I. 12 n. 

1, 323. 6 tT, the accus. of respect, ‘in whatever respect,’ i.e. ‘as much 
as.’ Srv in the next line is ‘that.’ 

1. 325. x@ero. From what verb does this come? Cp. VII. 135 n. 

1. 326. St-ékevro, ‘was disposed.’ Cp. JII. 207 n. 

1, 329. mapa Ol(Bpwvos. The Ionian cities of Asia Minor had sought 
Spartan protection from Tissaphernes, who was now avenging himself 
upon those who had supported Cyrus in his rebellion (see beginning of 
Chap. I.). The Spartans sent out Thibron (or Thimbron) with a large 
force to oppose Tissaphernes. 

1, 335. daro-8t8Gs, (active voice). Cp. 1. 314 n. 

1, 336. at-attyaaovot takes two accusatives, like a factitive verb. 

1. 339. atro-SSo0ly, ‘was ready to give up.’ Cp. 1. 304 n. 

eEévitev, imperf. of fevi¢w, Do not mistake this word for a compound 
with the prep. éf. 

1. 342. ely, ‘was,’ not ‘might be,’ the indirect question of past tense 
with sotos after épwrdwrov. Cp. 1. 214 n. 

l. 344. xetpov ely atrgo. Understand S87 from the former clause, 
‘(that) it was worse for him,’ i.e, ‘against his interests.’ Like ef in 
1. 342, it is opt. of past indirect statement after dwexpivaro Sr. 

l. 345. Distinguish 4, ‘really?’ Lat. num?), from 4, ‘or,’ ‘than.’ Cp. 
VII. 2or n. 

1, 346. tavu pev otv, ‘nay, very much (so).’ Mey oy in answer to a 
question states the case more precisely and emphatically, ‘nay, rather.’ 
1. 348. GAAd, ‘ well, but,’ i. e. ‘well (he may oppose it), but if,’ etc. 

1. 351. €metddv (wor, ‘as soon as ever they have seen us.’ Cp. VII. 
38 n. 

1, 355. tovs Adxwvas, i.e. Charminus and Polynicus (1. 328). As no 
stress is laid upon their number, they are spoken of in the plural (cp. 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 173 


I. 1 n.); but in the next clause, where they form the subject of the verb, 
it is tr Adxwve. This gives a sort of picture of ‘the svo Laconians’ 
getting up to speak. 

1. 356. Te G8ueqoavr, ‘who has injured. The article with a participle 
=a relative pronoun and verb. *Ad«foavr: alone would mean, ‘ having 
injured,’ i.e. ‘ since he has injured.’ Cp. I. 261 n, 

1. 357. tTypwpyoerbe, Cp. 1. 306 above, I. 151 n. 

1, 358. re.. «af, Kai is stronger than re, ‘both.. and what is more,’ 
‘not only.. but more than this.’ | 

-1,°360. xar-yyophowv, fut. part. ‘to accuse.’ Lat, accusaturus. Cp. 
lL. 71 n. 

1, 361. wat wdAan, ‘even long ago,’ ‘ ever so long ago.’ Cp. I. a1 n. 

1. 363. xat vucra kai fpépav. The stress is on vuera, ‘ night as well 
as day.’ 

1. 364. od8év, acc. of respect, lit. ‘in nothing,’ i.e. ‘not at all,,—‘ we 
have had no rest at all.’ 

1. 365. Distinguish pera robrov, ‘after him,’ from pera rovrov, ‘ with 
him.’ 

G\Xos «al GAAos, i.e. * one after another.’ 

dv-éorn Spolws, ‘stood up (and spoke) to the same effect.’ 

1. 366. é« rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n. 

1. 367. GAG .. pév, ‘well indeed,’ or ‘nay indeed.’ Here the pév is 
not followed by a 82, because it is connected with dAAa, ‘ but in truth.’ 
Its position emphasises wévra, ‘I may well expect any sort of ill-treat- 
ment,’ etc. j 

mpos-Doxay, A compound not of doxéw, ‘I seem,’ but of an unused 
pres. 80rd, ‘I watch for.’ Aoxevw is the simple verb in use. 

1. 368. airfas €xw, ‘I have (receive) blame,’ i.e. ‘I am blamed;’ 
hence followed by gen. of agent with ind. As airidopat, ‘I blame,’ is 
itself the middle voice, it can have no pres. pass. 

1, 370. The pév is answered by 8€ in pera 5 radra in 1, 372. 

ye, ‘at all events I turned back [if I did not show zeal in any other 
way]. 

Take #5 with Sppypévos (perf. pass. part. of dpydw), ‘though I had 
already started.’ 

1. 373. €t wefoatps, ‘in case I should persuade, or ‘on condition of 
my persuading.’ 

1. 374. atrol. Think what this means in the nominative with bpeis. 

1. 375. &s TaxtoTa. Cp. V.185 n. Xenophon had intended to take 
the army across from Perinthus into Asia at the bidding of Anaxibius, 
but was prevented by Aristarchus the new governor of Byzantium. See 
above, ll. 110, 120. 

lL. 377. dpas BovAopévous, ‘that you were wishing it’ The Greeks 


174 NOTES, 


used the participle after verbs of knowing, etc., to express the /act 
known, etc. Cp. II. 108 n. 

1. 379. 8 tv Séou, ‘ what was or might be necessary,’ the deliberative opt. 
after BovAevoatyeda, the past of the delib. subj. BovAevdpeda & ze dép. 
Cp. 1. 223 n. 

1. 380. 5 emphasises év7avéa, ‘ then in fine,’ ‘then, and not till then.’ 
Lat. tum demum. 

1. 381. évrat@a, ‘ herein,” ‘in this,’ =éy rovrg. 

ll. 383, 384. “Ov and tpas are both governed by dm-ecrepnxéva. 
Verbs of depriving in Greek take (1) a double accus., as dwo-crep® ce rdv 
puadov, ‘I deprive you (of) your pay;’ (2) acc. and gen., as dwo-orepa 
oe Tov pucbov. Cp. 1. 472. 

1, 384. pyde éxew, ‘that I have not even. The puydé in this and next 
sentence should go directly before é. 

1. 387. qoxuvopyv Gv 8H, ‘I should (now) certainly (8)) have been 
feeling ashamed,’ et €£-yrarhOny, ‘if I kad been deceived. See the four 
forms of conditional sentences, IV. 113 n. 

moXeniov ye. Notice the emphasis, ‘if it had been by an enemy 
that.’ 

1, 388. Syn, lit. ‘to me being,’ i.e. ‘if I am,’ ‘in a case where I 
am.’ 

1, 389. mpos sovrars, ‘ besides this ;’ Lat. praeterea, to be distinguished 
from mpos tabra, ‘therefore ;’ Lat. propterea. 

1. 391. ovn cia, (imperf. of édw), not merely ‘would not allow,’ but 

“* was preventing.’ 

1. 394. ots Fv pty, ‘it was not (possible) for us.’ 

1. 398. mpos-eylyvero hiv, imperf., lit. ‘were being added to us,’ i.e. 
‘we found ourselves acquiring.’ 

1. 399. ovxért . . o¥8éva, ‘no longer .. a single enemy.’ Two or more 
negatives in Greek do not make an affirmative, but a stronger negation. 
Cp. II. §9 n. 

1. 401. Remember that a&mopoto. may be another part of the verb 
besides the 3rd pl. pres. ind. Cp. II. 149 n. 

el pr .. dx@eoGar, ‘if he was not giving you so very much pay besides 
(pds), what need was there for you to be distressed ?’ i.e. ‘ even putting 
aside the question of pay, you had got many advantages from the 
alliance with Seuthes.’ 

1. 405. dyere 5H, ‘come now!’ Lat. agedum. 

kai, ‘also,’ not a conjunction joining dyere with onxdjacde. 

mapa Tatra, ‘in comparison with these,’ or, as we say, ‘by the side 
of these.’ [In comparing two things together, you put one beside 
the other. Hence wapa-8oA7), ‘a parable,’ or ‘comparison,’ in the New 
Test.] 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 175 


1: 406. Sppopry, imperf., ‘was starting.’ Cp. dpynpévos 1, 370 n. 

1. 407. wal. For the meanings of «a? cp. I. 21 n. 

1. 499. ovK dv pe Ereptrov, ‘they would not have been sending me,’ the 
fourth conditional form, IV. 113 n. 

The GAAws, ‘otherwise,’ =el pi) émorevduny, ‘if I had not been 
trusted.’ 

1. 410. S:a-BeBAnpévos. Cp. I. 12 n. 

1. 413. wept éné, lit. ‘about me,’ i.e. ‘in my case,’ or ‘to me.’ Cp. 
1, 425. 

1. 414. brép tpdv kal odv tpiv, etc. Observe Xenophon’s tact in his 
constant repetition of dyeis, iuay, etc., throughout this speech. He 
wished to insist strongly upon the fact that he had been a fellow-labourer 
with them in all their past achievements. [His language in the latter 
part of the speech much resembles that of St. Paul to the Corinthians, 
in his second Epistle, chap. xii.] 

1. 418. Sou dv BovAynode, ‘wherever you [may] choose ;” lit. ‘ whither- 
soever.’ Compounds of &y have the force of ‘ever,’ Lat. -cungue, and 
always take the subj. Cp. VII. 28 n. 

1. 419. 54 emphasises viv, ‘Do you think the present is a fit time?’ 
etc. Distinguish wapos, ‘a particular time,’ ‘occasion, from xpdvos, 
‘time’ in general. 

1, 420. ov pry, ‘certainly not,’ goes with édéyere: ovdév, ‘anything 
at all.’ Cp. 1. 399, II. 59 n. 

1, 422. d1-r0xvetaGe, the imperf., because it is joined by «al to éxdAe. 
In form it might also be the pres. 

1. 423. of viv Fxovres é>’ dyads, i.e. the Lacedaemonians, Charminus 
and Polynicus, who wanted the army. Cp. 1. 331. ‘Ed?’ das means 
‘ after you,’ i.e. ‘ to fetch you.’ Cp. VI. 16 n. 

1, 425. BeArioves, ‘any the better’ for your treatment of me, by 
showing yourselves so ungrateful. 

aepi éué. Cp. 1. 413 2. 

1. 427. GAA’ épot pévror, lit. ‘well to me however,’ i.e. ‘in my ppuon 
whatever others may think.’ 

ll. 429, 430. For the conversation here referred to see the section 
beginning at 1. 342, p. 98. 

1. 430. ety, opt., indirect question, where we use the past ind. Cp. 
1. 342 n. 

1. 431. ely, opt., indirect statement, see 1. 344 n. 

ll. 434, 435. Gao-Sépevos, aa-Swxe. Cp. 1. 99 n. 

1. 439. édv owppovOpev. Polycrates had said, ‘If we are wise, we 
shall apprehend Heraclides’ (1. 436). Heraclides, purposely répeating 
his words, says to Seuthes, ‘If we are wise, we shall get away as fast as 
we can,’ 


176 NOTES. 


1. 440. rods Twrwovs, the article is possessive, ‘ their.” Cp. I. 15 n: 

1. 445. tw-éoyero, ‘kad promised.” The aor. in a minor sentence 
must often be rendered by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n. For the 
promises of Seuthes see above, ll. 154-163. 

1. 446. worepa, ‘ [to see] whether,’ this being implied in é@vero. 

wapa SevOp. apd with dat.=Fr. chez, ‘at house of,’ ‘ with,’ lit. 
‘ beside.’ 

1. 449. é« rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n. 

troppw, or wpdow, lit. ‘ further ;’ hence ‘ far from.’ 

ll. 453, 454. GSuxeire..tpiv. Since Medosades is addressing Xeno- 
phon as the representative of the army, he uses the plural stead of 
a3:xeis and cot, 

1. 458. ov wapa-KaXéocavres. Seuthes had not invited Xenophon to 
the conference with the Spartan envoys. Cp. 1. 340. 

1. 461. wpo-eitrot, opt., in a reported speech, after éAcyew 571, where 
we use the indic. Cp. 1. 304 n. 

1. 463. G&ar-lorpev Gv .. €xorev, lit. ‘we would go away, as soon as 
these men should have,’ i.e. ‘we will go away, as soon as these men 
have. The Greeks often employed the opt. with &» as a milder way of 
saying ‘I will,’ as Aéyouu ay for Aéfw, ‘I will speak.’ [So also the 
2nd pers. of the opt. for the imperative mood, as Aéyos dy for Aéye, 
‘speak.’] 

1. 465. Distinguish the act. rimopéw from the mid. ripopéopua, ‘1 
punish. Cp. J. 151 n. 

1. 467. Distinguish éSetro, imperf. of Séopa:, ‘I ask,’ from ée, imperf. 
of the impers. verb deé, ‘it is necessary.’ 

1. 469. airopevos. Distinguish alzidopa, ‘I accuse,” from airéw, ‘I 
ask.’ 

1. 472. atro-orepfioat tpds tov proPdv. For the construction of verbs 
of depriving cp. 1. 383 n. 

1. 476. & é-éoyxero. Cp. 1. 445 1. 

1. 478. 8v’ pas, ‘because of you. Av buayv would be‘ by your means, 
which would also have been true in the present instance, though Xeno- 
phon does not exactly say so. 

1. 481. ws d-iwv, ‘with intent to depart.’ ‘Os with the /us. part. 
denotes a purpose. Cp. II. yon. 

1, 484. atr-aydyot .. tapa-Soln, ‘they begged him not to depart before 
he should have led away the army and delivered it up to Thibron.’ 
IIptvy with opt. is used after negative sentences of past time (answering 
to npiv &y with subj. of present time). The opt. implies it was quite 
uncertain when this could be done. 

1, 485. Adpipaxov. See Vocabulary. 

I, 486. Distinguish &w-avtTq from dnavta, (x) by the breathing and 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 177 


accent, (2) by the t subscriptum, (3) by the Ayphen showing that da-ay7d 
is a compound of daz6d, 

1, 488. éxou, ‘ had,’ not ‘might have.’ Cp. 1. 342 n. 

€veo Gar pndé, ‘that there would not even be. 

1. 489. txavov Gore drr-vévat, lit. ‘sufficient so as to depart, i.e. ‘ suf- 
ficient to enable him to get away.’ 

dr6-Souro, middle voice. Cp. 1.99 n 

1. 491. €repav, aorist after ée, ‘ had sent’ (II. 118 n.). But ous 
(next line), imperf., ‘was sacrificing.’ 

1, 492. iSav rd lepeia, i.e. when Euclides ‘inspected the entrails,’ he 
found unfavourable signs, 

1. 493. py Exe, ‘that he had not,’ after weiOorro. 

1. 494. St joins ota to éorat, ‘I know that there will be.” The 
clause with édy depends on éoraz, ‘there will be, etc., if you intend,’ etc. 

1. 497. eb Sy Ovoee, ‘if he had ever sacrificed.’ “H5n, Lat. jam, 
‘already,’ ‘ before now.’ 

1. 498. ovx-épy, as one word, ‘denied,’ ‘ said that he had not.’ Cp. 
IV. 270, 283 n. 

Au te Meduyle, ‘to Zeus the Gracious.’ Though Xenophon had of 
course often sacrificed to Zeus, he had never sacrificed to him under 
this particular title, and the various attributes of one god were often 
personified into separate deities. Thus the dream related in Chap. IV. 
42, etc., is said to have come from Zets Paces, i.e. Zeus under his 
title of King. 

é£ Srov, lit. ‘from whatever (time),’ i.e. ‘ever since.’ 

1. 499. ovv-eBovAeuvcev, ‘advised.’ Distinguish the act. oup-Bov- 
Acdew, ‘to advise, from the mid. cup-BovAeverOa, ‘to consult.’ Cp. 
IV. 142. 

ll. 503, 504. &m-éS0cav, act. da-é0ro, mid. Cp. |. 99 a. 

1. 508, Ilépyapov. See Vocabulary. 

1. 510. Though tls has an accent, it means ‘a certain one,’ not ‘who? 
The accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from éorw. Cp. 
1. 161 n. 

1, 511. et APors .. AdBors dv, ‘if you were to come, you might take,’ 
the third of the four conditional forms given in IV. 113 n. 

1. 515. ed movjgerev. Ed moceiy is to ‘treat well,’ so to ‘ benefit.’ 

1. 517. atrdov rov ’"Aodarny, ‘ Asidates himself;’ distinguish this from 
voy abtov "Aobarny, ‘the same Asidates.’ Cp. IV. 1go n. 

1. 518. ward Kxpdros, here, ‘ by storm,’ lit. ‘according to force.’ It 
usually means ‘at full speed.’ Cp. II. 53 n. 

1. 520. S-wpdpucro, plup. pass. of 5:-opurra, ‘ the “breach was com- 
pleted.” Distinguish yo@épyy, and aor. of aigddvoya, from foOqv, Ist 
aor. pass. of fiona. Cp. II. gr n. 

N 


178 NOTES. 


1 gat, taf byyurdre, ee. Avene, as byyis is an adverb. The form of 
comparison in -répor and -rerey properly belongs to adverbs ending in 
was drat, dra (cp. drertirey, |. 277), but it was used with a few others 
hesidee, ne lyyde, mépre (repruirépe, ordre), 

1 os, corre ged ..efem, és as nat to be safe,’ ie. ‘so as to mate it 
mee” “Nare ate Gr clint.) would be, ‘so that (as a matter of fact) 
iowacnnt, or Orbe it was net” Cp. VIL 47 a. 

1 573. wap arodAor, after exGonfetie and in apposition with dA, 
‘come to the recene fa gent Aree.’ 

Yo aoq, wAyetov, an adrerh. bat standing between the article and its 
hors itis carivalent te an adiective, On. T1909 n. 

1. 808 daro-yeapotey, ‘shonid? get ewry.’ the detheretive opt. after 
teaver, Cnt asa n. The direct deliherative would be eas amo Xo 
fee (nb. chow are ure te get away 2 

* o-h, Adee, wpéBara. dvBecwe8a. nominatives br attraction into the 
tive eTrnec Introduce. be Ara, mnsteac of accusatives after APdwres, 

Wi AWerre Rods ote Ken, Keay. 
tS Seinen: fvoug «+ ba:-rOepdvors. Cp. VIT. 20. 231-n. 
ae Teowdfe  Thi- Procles has been mentioned te Chep. I. 117 

¢ % “wo semanacet the death of Cyrus after the battle of Conaxa, 
eee oe 4 onto Teuthnunia, a district of Mysia, and Yeas desrended 
youth. Stes, Nemaratus, who had been driven out by: the jjaimt-king 
ase de cee, 7 hav taken refuge at the court of Darius nearly 250 years 

ae ey eerehis expedition. : 
_,. Se sffipyumerals), lit. ‘as it were,’ i.e. ‘about’ 
t maceetey Dares, c= of time. Cp. IV. 256 n. 

‘. Se oh alse, ae from the mid. aipéopms, “I choose, 
1, ‘4 “Bpan. For Thibron (or Thimbron) cp. 1. 329'n, 
ay SMR prep, SC. OTparevpant. So 76 inmucdy, 7d WeATUD Tsay, TO 
a, y c. 
rt>:, “Wed@pa, imperf, ‘ proceeded to make war.’ 


VOCABULARY. 


[N.B. Hyphens are used, not on strictly philological principles, but only to draw 
attention to different elements in the stem of a word, and to show more 
clearly the meaning of the compound.) 


For tenses of compound verbs not inserted, see the stmple verb. 


A. 


G-Baros, -ov, impassable, (of a river) 
not to be forded. (a, not, and Bards, 
verbal adj. of Ba-ivw, I go.) 

"ABpoxépas, -ov, m. Abrocomas, satrap 
of Phoenicia, head of Persian troops 
between the Mediterranean and Eu- 
phrates (I. 149). 

G&yayetv, dyaywv, 2 aor. infin. and 
part. of dyw. 

Gya0ds, -7, -dv, good, brave; ta 
Gya0d, goods, wealth; comp. dpel- 
vow, BeAtiov: superl. dproros, BéA- 
TLOTOS. 

"Ayaotas, -ov, m. Agasias, a brave 
captain from Stymphdlus in Arcadia 
(VII. 251). 

&yyetov, -ov, n. a vessel, pail. 

d&yyé\Aw, I announce, report; fut. 
GYYEAG, I aor. HyyeAa, perf. pass. 
ApyyeApat. 

GyyeAos, -ov, m. a messenger. 

Gyelpw, I collect, assemble; 1 aor. 
fyyetpa, I aor. pass. 7yépOny. 

dywipa, -as, f. an anchor, BdddAqw 
d-yxupay, to cast anchor. 

&-yvoéw, I am ignorant; fut. dyvo- 
yoo. (da, not, and yvo-, root of 
yi~yve-ono, I learn.) 

&-yvhpwv, -ov, senseless, foolish. (d, 
not, and -yvwpn, sense.) 

Gyopd, -ds, f. a market-place, pro- 
visions; a meeting. (d-yelpw.) 

E&ypwos, -ia, -ov, living in the fields, 

wild, (dypos, a field.) 


Gypés, -o0, m. a field, land; the 
country, (Lat. ager.) 
dyw, I lead, bring; fut. dfw, perf. 
pass. Hypat, I aor. pass. #xOny, fut. 
pass, dxOfjcopua, 2 aor. #ya‘yov. 
yuvaika dyev, to marry (of the 
man). (Lat. uxorem ducere.) 
Gye, well! come on! 
Biov dyew, to lead a life, live. 
(Lat. vitam agere.) 
a&yov, -dvos, a contest; an assembly. 
dywvilopar, I contend, wept twos, for 
anything. (dmv, @ contest.) 
G-Sevmrvos, -ov, dinnerless or supperless. 
(a, not, and Seinvoy, dinner or 


supper.) 

&deAhés, -ov, m. a brother. 

&-Sydos, -ov, not clear, uncertain. 
(a, not, and 57A0s, clear.) 

a-Sicéw, I do wrong, harm, injure; 
with acc., fut. ddienow, I aor. 
noixnoa, perf. pass, 7dlenpar, I aor. 
pass. 75:4nOnv. 

G-Bicla, -as, f. injustice, wrong, injury. 

G-Biros, -ov, unjust, unfair. (a, not, 
and Sin, justice.) 

G-Slkws, unjustly, wrongly, (adv. of 
ad:Kos.) 

G-SdAws, adv. without fraud. 

d-d5ivartos, -ov, unable to do a thing. 
(4, not, and duvards, verb. adj. of 
Svvapa, I am able.) 

&-Sivarov, impossible; (neut. of ddv- 
varos.) 

dS, I sing (contracted from di&es\, 
fut. Qoopar. 


N 2 


car, FOCABULARY. 


éd. (2xte. dary, omenacily; from 
sme % Ame. 
bares, 26. 1. an 


eagle. : 
"hho, 0, £ Achens, the capital of 


Ovpics, exurage.) 

A ) , des} cndingly, (adv. of ds- 
at -08, m. the sea-shore, beach. 
oy a 

im - Mid. 
alBopas, J am on fire. ) Glia) 
ott bie: n. blood. 
, aryos, m. and f. a goat. 
atpdbcis, chosen, 1 soa participle pass. 
from alpéopas. 
alperios, must be taken, (verb. adj. 
from alpéw), 

alpée, I take, (Mid.) alptopa, I 
giacages fut. alphow, perf. ypnea, 
perl. pass. 7 , Laor. ' : 

2 aor. oe sa aa aid 
alpe, I raise, lift up; fot. dpa, 1 aor. 

ipa, perf. ipxa, perf. pass. Fppat. 

vopar, I perceive, feel, under 
stand ; fut. aloOhaopat, perf. goOnpas, 

2 aor. yoOdbuny. 

ivys, -ov, m. Aeschines, an Acar- 

nanian (V. 40). 
aloylov, aloyvorros, comp. and superl. 

of aloxpés. 
dloxpés, -d, -dv, base, disgraceful, 

shameful. (aloxos, shame.) 
atoxtvn, ons, f. shame, disgrace, re- 
proach, (aloxos, shame.) 
aloyxivw, (Act.) J put to shame, (Pass.) 
aloxvvopat, I am ashamed, with 
accus, of the thing: so with infin, 


saay, I am ashamed to do it (and 


_ pert Frpen, perf. pass. ¥Typau. 
atria, -es, f. « cause, «6 fanlt, blame; 
eirtay éxay Tuts, 0 be accused of 


eirvéepas, J blame, accuse: fat. alni- 
Copm (with acc. of person and gen. 
of thing). 


dxovrifes,, I hurl a javelin xt ont; 
1 aor. 
duévnev, -ov, 0. a javelin (dim. of 


dea, a : 

G&xote, I hear; dxotes dya:, I hears 
report that if is; Gxotes dy, dvra, I 
kear a report that it (or ke) cer 
tainly is; fat. dwovcopa, I a0. 

qxovopat. 


TOS, -OV, unmixed, strong 
wine). (4, not, and xepdyruju, I mix.) 
I throw from afer, 
I skirmisk. (dxpos, outermost, 20d 
throw. 


dxwv, -ovca, -ov, unwilling. (d, so, 
and é«dy, willing.) 

&daAdfw, I raise the war ery; fot 
dAranré 


ado, teed off, (with dative) J 
defend; fut. dAcffow, I aor. mi 
jretdyny. + 


VOCABULARY, 


a, -as, f. truth; ry dAnOelq, in 
in fact, (dAnOns, true.) 

5, -é8, true, (lit. un-concealed, 
', and AavOdyw, I escape notice.) 
, ov, without stones, (d, not, 
£008, a stone.) 

pvn, -78, f. Halisarne, a town 
: Troad. 

sat, I am taken (used as the 
eof alpéw); fut. ddAdoopa, 
§aAoxa or fAwKa, 2 aor. éadAov 


ov, 
conjunction), but, well; dAAd 
but really; GAG ye, but 


adv. really dat. fem. of dAAos, 

stand 659) in another way. 

wat GAA, here and there. 

us, one another, each other 

ts nom. and sing.). 

1, (adv.) from another place. 

IS. 

u, I leap; imperf. #AAdpny, 

. HAdpny, 2 aor. HAdunv. 

“7, -0, another, different, (Lat. 
GAAot, some others; of 

» the rest; so ta GdAa, in all 

respects, . 

, (adv.) to another place. 

8.) 

los, -a, -ov, belonging to 

er, foreign, strange, (GAXos.) 

(adv.) (1) in another way, 

wise: (2) at random. 

‘TOS, -ov, unreasoning. (4d, 

nd Aovyi<opa, I reason.) 

-vos, m. the Halys, the chief 

of Asia Minor (vi. 141). 

', cov, n. barley (generally in 

GAgira), 

jv.) at the same time, at once, 

‘er, (Lat. simul.) 

t 77 Hepa, at day-break. 

-ns, f. a waggon, 

vo, J err, do wrong: with 

' miss (a mark); fut. dyaprn- 

» perf. judpryka, 2 aor. qpuap- 

aor. pass. HuaprnOny. 

4a, -a70s, n. a fault, mistake. 


181 


G-paxel, (adv.) without fighting. (4, 
not, and pax?, fight.) 

duevov, adv. of dpeivor. 

dpeivov, better, braver, used as comp. 
of dyads. 

G-pedéorepov, comp. of dueAds, more 
carelessly, somewhat carelessly. 

G-peAQs, (adv.) carelessly. (a, not, 
and péAve, tt is a care.) 

G&prAdopar, I contend, struggle: fut. 
GuirAAnoopas. (dptAAa, a contest.) 

durredos, -ov, f. a vine. 

G&puve, I ward off, defend, with dat. 
In middle dpivopas, with accus. 
I ward off from myself, punish ; 
fut. dpiva, I aor. Huuva. 

G&poi, (with gen. and acc., never with 
dat. in Attic prose), lit. ‘on both 
sides’ (dupa, Lat. ambo, ‘both,’ so 
Lat. amb- in amb-ire.) I. with 
gen. about, as dca-pépecba dygi 
twos, to quarrel about a thing. 
IL. with acc. (i.) around, near, with, 
especially of persons, as of dyudi 
Kupov, Cyrus and his attendants 
(lit. ‘those around Cyrus’); (ii.) of 
things, about, concerning ; (iii.) of 
time, about, as dudi pécas vurras, 
about midnight; (iv.) of numbers, 
as dugt rods d:c-xiAlous, about 
2000. In Composition déu¢? mostly 
means, on both sides, around, about. 

Gudorepos, -a, -ov, both. (Lat. ambo.) 

apdorépwlev, (adv.) on both sides. 

dpe, -ow, both. 

dv, conditional particle, lit. ‘in that 
case:’ I. with opt. Avos dy, ‘he 
would loose’ (if something were to 
happen). II. with aor. indic. gdvcev 
dy, he would have loosed (if some- 
thing had happened). III. when 
compounded with relatives or rela- 
tive particles, as 8s av, whoever, 
Sr-av, whenever, éav (for ed dy), 
if ever. Compounds of dy can only 

o with the subj. 

avi, (with accus. only), lit. up (cp. 
dv, ‘upwards’). L.of place, dlong, 
throughout, on; ava Thy TRV, 


| dt Ak ode =e 
wir fe. Beco. 

wer foe, we 0. osteo. 
S0dAl ep wie Se = 

Gre (ot smn sem im 
PAA, sey 

hi vegiisns FS vr wn = EX 
fou! 9) mproewiim © 20; ——wesn 

hers 4 -9ut te SOMES. = MIS 
wd 6 2a. @-r-veEes. 

se lea I vaocmn on ae 
beleottre 4 64 GRE VIVEK. 

Ld Lede ae OO a A OE oT 

Ashywn yet mace.oms weet, 

Rin yrula, 6A, pepe ee 
fi ¢! howe 

A. 4 (‘4 t boat wf, bray aw: 3 ar 
Ws 4 yt pum, {27 on, sop Win 
A. A (ene. I pul & 424. 
eb al pnt, fond y 

Aiat Noapueofdéon / “ry ont bas. ne 
pha rh, wf, b, 4. athrd, = 


Wer sphen oetew ) 
Hit tobea, b bfiedley fist, hva-“atts. 


vtaAs 


tounether pe bat, dee HNVOIT@. 


drt beglfis Prney uf, shure; 1 aor. 


Aton pueti 

teegutfiee Free chants fut, dva- 
Wp lpe pute @ meet ihe bie pnvryew, 

nave hay tains Prd af, rereer; fut. 
Heo ape peek de el Arif, 2 aor. 

ON cefdig 

avi ‘a nit 0 Then wp, tthe fire; 
Fart cle ae A abou ant 

Av adliw, | epord, apimimnbery fut 
Ay cAclirupues, purl be GA, 

dva-pdvw, | ids fry tit, dee pov, 2 
aor. dv-djesves, 

dva-pipvfow, (Act) J remind, (Mid.) 
éva-piuvhonopat, J remeber; (ur. 
dva-us nod, 


De i . 


a e-worpme. 


| EPS. J cewse fo retire, drow 
oa hate dat dd \¥ Mie LA Z : - 


= Ar. 


wa. 
év-ecyape. I wele wf, rouse; fat. 
Ge-eyeps, I am. act. ap-iyeipa, 


I aor. pass. & a 
év-arciv, (> fradum. (dpa, dsc 
2 aor. infia., dey.) 
Gv-ec-wipwAnga, I 2 up again; fot. 
dy-€x-wAHOe8. 


av-éxpayov, 2 aor. indic. from dya- 
upacos. 
dv-éAnw, I draw up, pull up; imperf. 


dy-eiAxor. 
Aveu, (prep.) without. (Lat. sine.) 
dv-éxw, I hold up, put up with, ew 
dure; fut. dy-éfa or dya-cx}oa, 
2 aor. dv-ecyov. 


VOCABULARY, 


183 


dv-fixw, I come up to, extend up- | dvri-huAdrre, (Act.) I watch in turn, 


wards. 
_ Gvip, dvdpés, m. a man, (Lat. vir.) 
| Pp, man, opposed to woman. 
dyOponros, human being, opposed 
to beast. 
dv-7XOnv, 1 aor. pass. of dy-tyov. 


avO-(orn, (Act.) Z set against,, 


(Mid.) dv0-lorapat, I oppose; fut. 
dyri-orhow, perf, dv0-€oTnKa, 2 aor. 


dvr-tarnvy, (dri, against, and 
tornps, I set up.) 


GvOpamivos, -ov, (adj.) human (dvOpa- 


wos 

GvOpurros, -ov, m. a man. (Lat.homo). 
See avipp. 

dwiio, I grieve, hurt; fut. dvd, 
I aor. pass. }maOny. (dviv, grief.) 

Gv-(npr, I send up, let go; fut. dy- 
How, I aor. dy-jea, perf. dv-eika, 

Gv-lornpt, (Act.) J set up, (Mid.) 
av-lorapa, I rise up, stand up. 
So also 2 aor. act. dy-éorny, and 
perf. and pluperf. act. are intransitive. 

dv-loxw = dy-éxw, intrans, ZI rise (as 
the sun). 

Gv-olyo, or av-olyvup, J open; fut. 
dv-cifa 


“Avravipos, -ou, f. Antandrus, a city 
in the Troad (VIII. 506). | 

avrt, (with gen. only), I.overagaiust, 
opposite; II. in return for, instead 
of. In Composition, against, ex- 
change. (dyri, against, must be 
distinguished from Lat. ante, before; 
dyr? probably meant originally, 
* before the face of.’) 

*Avtthéwv, -ovros, m. Antileon,a soldier 
from the Greek colony of Thurii in 
Italy (VI. 2). 

vrlog, -a, -ov, opposite: often with 
iéva:, éXavvew, etc.; ‘to go, ride, 
etc., against the enemy.’ 


avri-trapa-oKxevdfopar, J prepare my- 


self in turn; fut. -doopas, perf. 
~WAp-eoKEVAC Hat. 

dvri-wapa-tatrw, I draw up op- 
posite, I range in battle against; 
fut. -rdfm, perf. -rérayxa. 


(Mid.) J am on my guard against 
one; fut. -pudadfo. 

Gvrp-O5ns, -e8, cavern-like, full of 
caves, (dyrpoy, a cave, and eldos, 
form.) 

dvw, (adv.) upwards. Comp. dvw- 
Tépw, superl. dvordrw. Sometimes 
as a prep. with gen. above. 

Evwev, (adv.) from above, from the 
interior (of a country). 
la, -as, f. worth, value. 

dftvn, -78, f. an axe. (d-yvum, I break.) 

dios, -a, -ov, worth, worthy ( with 
gen.); dgidv éore (Lat. operae 
pretium est), it is worth while; 
woAAov dftos, valuable. 

&fidw, I think it right, claim, ask, 
with gen. of person. (dfcos, worthy.) 

G£wv, -ovos, m. an axle. 

am-ayy&Aw, I bring back word, 
announce, report; fut. dw-ayyeAo, 
I aor. dw-fyryeAa. 

am-dyo, I lead away, bring back; 
2 aor. da-1yayor. 

G1-aywyyj, -7s, f, a leading away, 
withdrawal, 

a&m-atréw, I demand back: 1 aor. ar- 
WTnoa. 

am-adAdrro, I get rid of: (intrans.) 
I get off: (Mid.) I depart; fut. 
-adAdfo, perf. pass. -fAAayuas. 

G&tradés, -h, -dv, soft to the touch, 
tender, (Gmropos, I touch.) 

a&tr-avraw, (with dat.) I come to meet, 
encounter; fut. dn-ayriow, I aor. 
an-hvTnoa. 

&trat, (adv.) once. (Lat. semel.) 
d-trapdaKevos, -ov, unprepared. (4, 
not, and tapacKevi), preparation.) 
&-mras, -aca, -av, all together. (pa, 

together, and was, all.) 

dm-éSpav, 2 aor. of diro-8:3pdonw. 

d-1eOéw, I disobey. (d, not, and welOo- 
pas, I obey.) 

Grevdéw, J threaten; fut. dreAqoo, 
I aor. #weiAnoa. 

drr-ey, I go away, depart. (dad, aod 
eT, I shall go.) 


184 


VOCABULARY, 


dn-apt, J am away, am distant. (awd | Gwo-SiSpdoxw, I run away, escape 


and ely, J am.) 

dtr-expivdpyy, 1 aor. of dwro-xpivopat. 

dx-ehavve, I drive away; (intrans.) 
I march away, ride away. 

dn-épxopar, I go away, depart; for 
the fut. dw-ecys, 2 aor. dw-7AOor. 

an-exOdvopar, J am hated, become 
odious; fut. da-exOfoopas, 2 aor. 
dm-nxOdpny, perf. dn-7xOnpas. 

an-éxw, (with gen.) I keep off, (of a 
place) am distant from; 2 aor. 
d-éoxov. 

d&x-fAAaypar, perf. pass. of da 
aAAadtTo. 

an-fvrnoa, 1 aor. of da-avrdw. 

a-mortéw, I disbelieve, distrust. (4, 
not, and wiotts, belief.) 

a-moria, -as, f. disbelief, faithlessness, 

G-wieros, -08, -ov, untrustworthy, un- 
faithful. (a, not, and micros, trust- 
worthy.) 

ar-iréov, one must go away (verbal 
adjective from dm-ecpt). 

awé, (prep. with gen. only); (Lat. ab): 
I. of place, off from, away from. 
II. of time, from, after, since: III. 
of origin and cause, proceeding from, 
as dd TroAeplow pdBos, fear caused 
by the enemy. Before an aspirated 
vowel did becomes ad’, as dd’ 
trrov, on horseback, lit. ‘from his 
horse.’ In Composition, from, off, 


away. 

dzro-Batve, (1) J go away, go off: (2) 
dismount (immov): (3) disembark 
(vews); 2 aor. dw-éBnv, fut. dzo- 
Bhoopa. 

dro-Béd\Aw, I throw away, lose; 
fut. dwo-Bad@, 2 aor. dw-éBadoy. 

dmo-BXétrw, I look eagerly. 

dtro-Sé5paka, perf. act. of do-d:5pa- 
oko). 

Grro-Selevupr, I point out, declare, 
appoint; fut. dro-deigo. 

dwo-5éxopar, J accept; fut. dmo-3é- 
fopat. 

dtro-Snpéw, J am abroad, go abroad. 
(dd, away, and Sjpos, home.) 


(so as not to be found); fut. 
-Spdcoya, perf. -Sé3paxa, 2 aor. 
dn-é5pay. 

Gro-Sidwpr, (Act.) I give back, 
restore, (Mid.) J sell, fut. -8d00, perf. 
-5é3uxa, 2 aor. mid. da-eddynp. 

&mo-Spavar, 2 aor. infin. of dwo-t- 
SpdcKo. 


awo-Ovinoke, I die, I am put to death; 


fut. -Oayovpa:, perf. -1réOynea, 2 aor. 
dr-é0avoy. It is used instead of 
the passive of dwo-xrelva, I kill. 

Gr-o1Kos, -ov, away from home, (dx%, 
and olxos home); hence a colonist. 

dmo-xalw, J burn off; da-exalovro ai 
pives, their noses were being frozen 
off (or frost-bitten); fut. -xcavoo. 

Gtro-Kapive, I grow quite weary, faint; 
fut. -xapovpat, perf. -xéxpnxa, 2 
aor, dar-éxapoy. 

Gwro-kpivopa, J answer, reply; fot. 
-Kpwovpa:, I aor. -expevdpny, perf. 
arcéxpipat. 

G&wo-kpUmtw, (Act.) I hide from, 
(Mid.) Z conceal; fut. -xpdyw, 1 aor. 
dw-éxpuipa. 

dwo-xrelvw, I put to death, kill; fut. 
-KTEv@, I aor. an-éxrewa, 4 aor. 
dn-éxravoy. [For the Pass. dso- 
OvhoKw is used.] 

Gtro-hapBdvw, I take back, receive 
back, recover; fut. -AfyWopas. perf. 
da-eiAnpa, 2 aor. dw-é\aBor. 

Gwo-Aelrw, I leave behind, desert, 

: abandon; fut.-Aetbo, perf. -A€Aocwa, 
2 aor. dn-éAuTrov, 

Gw-ék\Aupu, (Act.) I destroy, kill, 
(Mid.) Z perish; fut. dw-oAw, I aor. 
da-ddeoa, 2 aor. mid. dw-wAdpny, 
2 perf. dw-dAwAa, I am undone, 

"Amré\Aov, -wvos, acc. "Anda, m, 
the god Apollo. 

Gro-répmw, I send off, discharge; 
fut. -7é pho. 

Gtro-mAéw, I sail away; fut. -rAebo0- 
pat, I aor. dw-érAevoa. 

a-mwopéw, I am without resources, am 
in difficulties (d-mopos). 


VOCABULARY, 


. Gwopla, -as, f. difficulty, distress. 
(rpopys dropia, want of food.) 

G-ropos, -ov, (1) without resources ; 
(2) of rivers, etc., impassable ; 
év dmépos elvas, to be in difficul- 
ties. 

&wo-ppdt, -Syos, broken off, steep, 
rugged. (dwd, off, and piyvuyu, 
I break), 

Gtro-oyjmopa:, I rot off, am frost- 
bitten; 2 perf. dro-céonwa. 

awo-omdw, I draw away, draw off; 
fut. omdow, perf. da-éondxa, perf. 
pass, -éomacpat. 

d&wo-oravpow, I fence off with a 
palisade; fut.-cravpdow. (aravpds, 
a palisade,) 

dtro-oTéA\Aw, I send awty, despatch; 
fut. -cTeA@, I aor, da-éoreAa. 

dtro-otepéw, I rob, deprive of; (with 
acc. and gen. or with double acc.) ; 
perf. dw-eorépnka. 

atro-oTpédw, J turn back, recall; fut. 
-oTpépo, perf. da-éarpopa. 

dmo-cmlw, I save or restore again, 
bring back safe. 

&wro-rahpetw, I fence off with a 
ditch. (rdppos, a ditch.) 

awo-relvw, J stretch out, extend; fut. 
“erev@, I aor. dn-érewa, perf. pass. 
dmo-réTapas. 

awo-tépve, I cut of; fut. -repa, perf. 
erétpunka, I aor. pass. dw-erpnOny, 
2 aor. dm-érapoy. 

Gtro-rtpérw, I turn back, turn away; 


perf. -rérpopa, perf. pass. -rérpap- 


pas. 
Gto-tpéxw, I run off, run away; 
fut. -dpayotpa, 2 aor. dm-é5pa- 


prov. 

atro-palvw, I show, display; fut. -pava, 
I aor. da-épynva, (Mid.), I declare 
(THY ywoynv). 

d&mo-pevyw, I escape; fut. -pevfoya:, 
2 aor. dw-épuyov. 

&rd6-yvat, I aor. imp. middle of dao- 


paiva. 


&tro-ywpéw, I depart from, retire,. 


retreat, 


185 


aw-dv, -dvros, distant; pres. part. of 
da-ecpe II. 

dpa, (particle), so, therefore, then. 
(Lat. igitur.) 

dpa, = Lat. num, in asking a question, 
as dpa éort, ts it so? 

*ApaBla, -as, f. Arabia, used of all 
countries inhabited by nomad Arabs, © 
so even of the south of Mesopota- 
mia, still called Irak-al-Arabi. 

d-pyd¢, -év, idle, lazy. (da, not, and 
épydy, work.) 

dpyds, -7, -dv, white, bright. 

apyupeds, -a, -ov, made of silver. 

dpyvpvov, -ov (dim. of dpyupos), silver, 
money. (Cp. the French argent.} 
dpyupos, -oy, m. silver. 

aperh, -7, f. virtue, excellence, bravery. 

*Aptatos, -ov, m. Ariaeus, who com- 

*manded under Cyrus, but went over 
to the Persians after Cyrus’ death. 

dprOudg, -od, m. number (of an army), 
a muster. 

*Aplorapxos, -ov, m. Aristarchus, the 
Spartan ‘harmost’ or governor of 
Byzantium (Constantinople). 

dptorde, I breakfast, lunch; fut. dpt- 
orhow. (Lat. prandeo.) 

dptorepés, -&, -dv, the left. (& 
dprorepa, on the left hand.) 

dptetov, ov, n. the morning or mid- 
day meal, breakfast, lunch. 

apioro-trovéw, (Act.) I prepare break- 
fast or lunch, (Mid.) I breakfast, 
lunch; fut. -wownoos. 
toros, best, used as superlative of 
dyads. 

*Aptotevupos, -ov, m. Aristonymus, 
a brave Arcadian captain (V. 265). 

*Apxas, -ados, an Arcadian. 

apxéw, I am sufficient, avail; fut. 
dpréco. 

dpxros, -ov. m. and f. a bear, the 
constellation ‘ Ursa Major,’ or the 
Great Bear, hence the north. 

G&ppa, -aros, n. a chariot. 

dpp-dpata, -78, f. a covered carriage, 
waggonette. 

"Appevia, -as, f. Armenia, the cold 


176 NOTES, 


1. 440. rods Cmovs, the article is possessive, ‘their.’ Cp. I. 15 n: 

1. 445. t1-éoyero, ‘had promised. The aor. in a minor sentence 
must often be rendered by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n. For the 
promises of Seuthes see above, ll. 154-163. 

1. 446. wérepa, ‘(to see] whether,’ this being implied in é6vero. 

mapa SevOy. Wapd with dat.=Fr. chez, ‘at house of, ‘ with,’ lit. 
‘ beside.’ | 

1. 449. &e rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n. 

awéppw, or wpécw, lit. ‘further ;’ hence ‘far from.’ 

ll. 453, 454. GSucetre.. piv. Since Medosades is addressing Xeno- 
phon as the representative of the army, he uses the plural instead of 
ddixeis and coi. 

1. 458. ov mapa-xadéoavres. Seuthes had not invited Xenophon to 
the conference with the Spartan envoys. Cp. 1. 340. 

1. 461. wpo-eitrot, opt., in a reported speech, after éAeyey S71, where 
we use the indic. Cp. 1, 304 n. 

1. 463. dar-loipev Gv... éxovev, lit. ‘we would go away, aS soon as 
these men should have,’ t.e. ‘we will go away, as soon as these men 
have. The Greeks often employed the opt. with 4 as a milder way of 
saying ‘I will,” as Aéyouu dv for Aéfw, ‘I will speak.’ [So also the 
2nd pers. of the opt. for the imperative mood, as A€yos dy for Aé€ye, 
‘speak.’ ] 

1, 465. Distinguish the act. ryzapéw from the mid. ripwpéopa, ‘1 
punish.’ Cp. J. 151 n. 

1. 467. Distinguish éSeiro, imperf. of 5éopa:, ‘I ask,’ from é3e, imperf. 
of the impers. verb dei, ‘it is necessary.’ 

1. 469. alrdpevos. Distinguish alridopa, ‘I accuse,’ from airéw, ‘1 
ask.’ 

1, 472. dtro-orepfjoat tpads rév proPdy. For the construction of verbs 
of depriving cp. 1. 383 n. 

1. 476. & On-éoyxero. Cp. 1. 445 1. 

1. 478. Sv’ Spas, ‘because of you. Ar tyav would be‘ by your means,’ 
which would also have been true in the present instance, though Xeno- 
phon does not exactly say so. 

lL. 481. @s da-ev, ‘with intent to depart.’ ‘Os with the /us. part. 
denotes a purpose. Cp. IT. yon. 

1, 484. at-aydyot . . wapa-Soln, ‘they begged him not to depart before 
he should have led away the army and delivered it up to Thibron.’ 
IIpiv with opt. is used after negative sentences of past time (answering 
to apiv a» with subj. of present time). The opt. implies it was quite 
uncertain when this could be done. 

I. 485. Adpipaxov. See Vocabulary. 

I, 486. Distinguish am-avtqg from Gnavta (i) by the breathing and 


VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 177 


accent, (2) by the t subscriptum, (3) by the hyphen showing that da-ayTg 
is a compound of dwd. 

1, 488. €xou, ‘ had,’ not ‘might have.’ Cp. 1. 342 n. 

éveoOar pydé, ‘that there would not even be.’ 

1, 489. txavov Gore dtr-tévat, lit. ‘sufficient so as to depart, i.e. ‘ suf- 
ficient to enable him to get away.’ 

d6-Souro, middle voice. Cp. 1. 99 n. 

1. 491. €meprpav, aorist after éwel, ‘had sent’ (II. 118 n.). But éOve 
(next line), imperf., ‘was sacrificing.’ 

1, 492. WSdv ra lepeia, i.e. when Euclides ‘inspected the entrails,’ he 
found unfavourable signs, 

1. 493. py Exerv, ‘that he had not,’ after wefOa70. 

1. 494. St joins ofa to éorat, ‘I know that there will be.’ The 
clause with édy depends on éorat, ‘there will be, etc., if you intend,’ etc. 

1, 497. et 48q Ovoee, ‘if he had ever sacrificed.’ “Hdy, Lat. jam, 
‘already,’ ‘before now.’ 

1. 498. otn-épy, as one word, ‘denied,’ ‘ said that he had xo.’ Cp, 
IV. 270, 283 n. 

Au te Merryle, ‘to Zeus the Gracious.’ Though Xenophon had of 
course often sacrificed to Zeus, he had never sacrificed to him under 
this particular title, and the various attributes of one god were often 
personified into separate deities. Thus the dream related in Chap. IV. 
42, etc., is said to have come from Zets BactAevs, i.e. Zeus under his 
title of King. 

€£ Srov, lit. ‘from whatever (time),’ i.e. ‘ever since.’ 

1. 499. ovv-eBovAevcev, ‘advised.’ Distinguish the act. cup-Bov- 
Aetdew, ‘to advise,’ from the mid, oup-BovrAeveoOa, ‘to consult.’ Cp. 
IV. 14 n, 

ll. 503, 504. d&r-€S0cav, act. dw-é0ro, mid. Cp. 1. 99 n. 

1. 508. Iépyapov. See Vocabulary. 

1. 510. Though tls has an accent, it means ‘a certain one,’ not ‘who? 
The accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from éottv. Cp. 
1. 161 n. 

L. 511. ef Afors .. AGBors dv, ‘if you were to come, you might take,’ 
the third of the four conditional forms given in IV. 113 n. 

1. 515. eb woujoeev. Ed roreiv is to ‘ treat well,’ so to ‘ benefit.’ 

1. 517. atrév tov "AatSarny, ‘ Asidates himself;’ distinguish this from 
Tov avrdv ’Acddarny, ‘the same Asidates.’ Cp. IV. 190 n. 

1. 518. ward xpdros, here, ‘ by storm,’ lit. ‘according to force.’ It 
usually means ‘at full speed.’ Cp. IT. 53 n. 

1. 520. S-wpapucro, plup. pass. of 3:-opyrrw, ‘ the “breach was com- 
pleted.’ Distinguish qo@épyy, 2nd aor. of aicOdvopa, from foOnv, Ist 
aor. pass. of Hoar. Cp. II. gt n. 

N 


178 NOTES. 


1. 531. 700 éyyurdte, sc. dvros, as éyyis is an adverb. The form of 
comparison in -répw and -rdrw properly belongs to adverbs ending in 
0, as dvw, who (cp. dvwrdrw, |. 277), but it was used with a few others 
besides, as éyyis, wépa (wepa:té pw, -rdr02). 

1, 522. Gore pr ..etvar, ‘so as not to be safe,’ i.e. ‘so as to make it 
unsafe.” “Nore ot« qv (indic.) would be, ‘so that (as a matter of fact) 
it was not,’ or ‘therefore it was not.’ Cp. VI. 47 n. 

1, §23. wdp-roAAo, after éx-BonOovcr and in apposition with dda, 
‘come to the rescue in great force.’ 

L 524. wAnotov, an adverb, but standing between the article and its 
noun, it is equivalent to an adjective. Cp. I. 109 n. 

1, 525. Gro-yxwpotev, ‘should get away,’ the deliberative opt. after 
laxénow, Cp.1. 379 n. The direct deliberative would be wis dzoyo- 
pwpev (subj.), ‘how are we to get away ?” 

1. 526. Bées, mpdBara, dvSpdrofa, nominatives by attraction into the 
relative clause introduced by 8001, instead of accusatives after AaBdvres, 
= \aBdivres Bots etc., 500: Hoay. 

1, 528. ém-ceupévous = ém-ridexévous. Cp. VII. 20, 221 n. 

1, 530. TIpoxAfjs. This Procles has been mentioned in Chap. II. 117 
as having announced the death of Cyrus after the battle of Cunaxa. 
Ife was governor of Teuthrania, a district of Mysia, and was descended 
from the Spartan Demaratus, who had been driven out by the joint-king 
Cleomenes, and had taken refuge at the court of Darius nearly 100 years 
before the date of this expedition. 

1. 534. os (with numerals), lit. ‘as it were,’ i.e. ‘about.’ 

1. 535. THs vuerés, gen. of time. Cp. IV. 255 n. 

1. 542. é§-alpera, ‘select portions,’ from the mid. afpéopa:, ‘I choose,’ 
not from the act. aipéw, ‘I take.’ 

1. 543. @(Bpwv. For Thibron (or Thimbron) cp. 1. 329 n. 

1. 544. “EAAnvucg, sc. orparevyats. So 1d irmdv, rd weATacrexdy, 70 
Tleporxdy, etc. 

1. 545. émwoAguer, imperf., ‘ proceeded to make war.’ 


VOCABULARY. 


[N.B. Hyphens are used, not on strictly philological principles, but only to draw 
"attention to different elements in the stem of a word, and to show more 
clearly the meaning of the compound.]} 


For tenses of compound verbs not inserted, see the simple verb. 


A. 


&-Baros, -ov, impassable, (of a river) 
not to be forded. (4, not, and Bards, 
verbal adj. of Ba-ivw, I go.) 

"ABpoxépas, -ov, m. Abrocomas, satrap 
of Phoenicia, head of Persian troops 
between the Mediterranean and Eu- 
phrates (I. 149). 

Gyayetv, dyayov, 2 aor. infin. and 
part. of dyw. 

dya0ds, -7, -dv, good, brave; a 
ayaa, goods, wealth; comp. dpel- 
vow, BeAriov: superl. dptoros, BéA- 
Tiros. 

*Ayaotas, -ov, m. Agasias, a brave 
captain from Stymphdlus in Arcadia 
(VII. 251). 

G&yyetov, -ov, n. a vessel, pail. 

dyyé\Aw, I announce, report; fut. 
GYYEAG, I aor. HyyeAa, perf. pass. 
AV yeApat. 

dyye«Aos, -ov, m. a messenger. 

Gyelpw, I collect, assemble; 1 aor. 
fyyerpa, I aor. pass. 4-yépOny. 

Gyxtpa, -as, f. an anchor. BdddAev 
d-y«upay, to cast anchor. 

&-yvoéw, I am ignorant; fut. d-yvo- 
yoo. (d, not, and yvo-, root of 
yi-yva-onw, I learn.) 

&-yvapwv, -ov, senseless, foolish. (d, 
not, and yvwpn, sense.) 

G&yopa, -as, f. a market-place, pro- 
visions; a meeting. (dyelpw.) 

Gyptos, -fa, -cov, living in the fields, 
wild. (dypos, a field.) 


dypés, -ov, m. a field, land; the 
country, (Lat. ager.) 

Gyw, I lead, bring; fut. dw, perf. 
pass. #ypas, I aor. pass. #yOnv, fut. 
pass. dx@hoopa, 2 aor. Hyayov. 

yovaina dyev, to marry (of the 
man). (Lat. uxorem ducere.) 

Gye, well! come on! 

Blov a&yew, to lead a life, live. 
(Lat. vitam agere.) 

&yav, -vos, a contest; an assembly. 

dywvilopnar, J contend, wept twos, for 
anything. (dywv, a contest.) 

d-Sevirvos, -ov, dinnerless or supperless. 
(a, not, and Sefnvoy, dinner or 
supper.) 

a5eApéds, -od, m. a brother. 

d-SyAos, -ov, not clear, uncertain. 
(d, not, and 37A0s, clear.) 

a-Bicéw, J do wrong, harm, injure; 
with acc., fut. ddinow, I aor. 
Heixnoa, perf. pass. Adtenpas, I aor. 

ass. 7OuKnONY. 

G-Sirla, -as, f. injustice, wrong, injury. 


G-BSixos, -ov, unjust, unfair. (d, not, 
and Sisn, justice.) 

G-Slxws, unjustly, wrongly, (adv. of 
&5.x08.) 


G-SdAws, adv. without fraud. 

G-Stvatos, -ov, unable to do a thing. 
(4, not, and Suvards, verb. adj. of 
suvapa:, I am able.) 

&-Sivarov, impossible; (neut. of ddv- 
varos.) 

q@5w, I sing (contracted from delSa\, 
fut. qoopas, 


N 2 


180 


del, (adv.) always, continually; from 
time to time. 

derés, -ov, m. an eagle. 

"AGijvat, -ay, f. Athens, the capital of 
Attica. 

"A@nvaiog, -a, -ov, Athenian. 

&OAov, -ov, n. a prize. 

GOpolfw, I collect, assemble, fut. d0- 
polow, (dOpéos.) 

d€psos, -ov, collected, in crowds. 

G0ipéw, J am without courage, I de 
spond ; fut. dOuphow, (a, not, and 
Oupos, courage.) 

G-@ipla, -as, f. want of courage, de 
spondency. 

d-Odpos, -ov, desponding. (d, not, and 
Oupos, courage.) 

é-Odpws, despondingly, (adv. of d6v- 

s 


alyuaAds, -ov, m. the sea-shore, beach. 

atOw, I burn, kindle, (only used in 
pres. and imperf. 7@ov.) (Mid.) 
aiOopat, J am on fire. 

a5 -aros, n. blood. 

aif, al-yds, m. and f. a goat. 

atpeQels, chosen, I aor. participle pass. 
from afpéopa:. 

atperéos, must be taken, (verb. adj. 
from alpéo). 

atpéw, I take, (Mid.) alpfopa, JZ 
choose; fut. alpnow, perf. gpnea, 
perf. pass. ypnpas, I aor. pass. ypéOny, 
2 aor, efAov. 

alpw, J raise, lift up; fut. dp@, 1 aor. 
pa, perf. #pxa, perf. pass. #ppac. 

alc@dvopar, I perceive, feel, undere 
stand; fut. alo@joopa:, perf. yoOnpat, 
2 aor. yoOdpny. 

Alox(vns, -ov, m. Aeschines, an Acar- 
nanian (V. 40). 

aicy lav, aloxioros, comp. and superl. 
of aicxpés. 

dloxpés, -d, -dv, base, disgraceful, 
shameful, (aloxos, shame.) 

aloxivn, -73, f. shame, disgrace, reo 
proach. (aloxos, shame.) 

aloxivw, (Act.) I put to shame, (Pass.) 
alcxivopat, I am. ashamed, with 

accus. of the thing: so with infin, 


VOCABULARY, 


naeiv, I am ashamed to do it (and 
therefore do not do it); but with 
part. mov, I am ashamed at doing 
it (but yet do it). 

aitéw, Z ask, request; fut. alrjow, 
perf. yrnKa, perf. pass. y7npas. 
via, -as, f. a cause, a fault, blame; 
alriay éxew rivds, to be accused of 
a thing. 

alridopat, J blame, accuse: fut. alrié- 
gopa: (with acc. of person and gen. 
of thing). 

altvos, -a, -ov, causing. harm, guilty; 
70 alriov, the cause; 6 alnios, the 
accused, (Lat. reus.) 

aixpddwros, -ov, taken in war, 
captive. -(alxpt, a@ spear, and 
dAwrds, verbal adj. of dAioxopa, 
I am taken.) 

a-xéAagros, -oy, lit. undisciplined, 
unpunished. (4, not, and xoda(a, 
I punish.) 

dxovrifw, I hurl a javelin at one; 
1 aor. #xKdyTICA, 

dxévriov, -ov, n. a javelin (dim. of 
dsov, a dart). 

d&xovw, J hear; dove vas, I hear a 
report that it is; dsxotw dy, dyra, I 
hear a report that it (or he) cer 
tainly is; fut. dxovoopas, I aot. 
fjxovoa, perf. pass. Hove pas. 

dxpa, -as, f. a point, a peak, a citadel. 

d-xpitos, -ov, unmixed, strong (of 
wine). (d, not, and Kepdyruzu, I mix.) 

anpe pen eenas I throw from afar, 
I skirmish. (dpos, outermost, aud 
BédAw, I throw.) 

Gxpé-wodts, -ews, f. the upper city, 
citadel, castle. Ee 

dxpos, -a, -ov, highest, topmost, 
descaron, the highest point, ré 
dpa, the heights. 

dxwv, -ovca, -ov, unwilling. (d, nol, 
and éxay, willing.) 

édaAdlw, J raise the war cry; fut. 


dAaddfu. 

édX\ffw, I ward off, (with dative) 7 
defend; fut. dAefhow, I aor. mid 
jretoyny. > 


VOCABULARY, 


G-AnGera, -as, f. truth; rp dAnOelq, in 
truth, in fact. (dAn6is, true.) 

G-AnOis, -és, true, (lit. un-concealed, 
d, not, and AavOdyw, I escape notice.) 

G-AvOos, -ov, without stones. (d, not, 
and Aldos, a stone.) | 

“AXiodpyn, -78, f. Halisarne, a town 
in the Troad. 

éAfoxopa, I am taken (used as the 
passive of alpéw); fut. dAdoopar, 
perf. édAowa or fAwKa, 2 aor. &dAwy 
or ffAwy. 

GAAG, (conjunction), but, well; dAAA 
yap, but really; GAMA ye, but 
till 


still, 

BAAp, (adv. really dat. fem. of dAdos, 
understand 6859) in another way. 
GAAp Kai GAAy, here and there. 

GAAHAovs, one another, each other 
(wants nom. and sing.). 

&ddo0ev, ae from another place. 
(dAXos. 

GAAopar, J leap; imperf. #AAduny, 
I aor. HAdpuNy, 2 aor. HAdpNY. 

aAAos, -7, -0, another, different. (Lat. 
alius.) dAAot, some others; of 
GdAo1, the rest; so Ta GAAa, in all 
other respects. 

Gddoge, (adv.) to another place. 
(dAAos.) 

GAAStpios, -a, -ov, belonging to 
another, foreign, strange. (GAXos.) 

GAdAws, (adv.) (1) in another way, 
otherwise: (2) at random. 

G-Abyroros, -ov, unreasoning. (4, 
not, and Aoyi<opa, I reason.) 

“AXus, -vos, m. the Halys, the chief 
river of Asia Minor (vi. 141). 

GAdvrov, -ov, n. barley (generally in 
plural &A¢i72). 

&pa, (adv.) at the same time, at once, 
together. (Lat. simul.) 

Gua TH Hepa, at day-break. 

G&paga, -ns, f. a waggon. 

dpaptavw, I err, do wrong: with 
gen. I miss (a mark); fut. dyaprn- 
copat, perf. Hudpryka, 2 aor. fuap- 
Tov, I aor. pass. Huaprndny. 

dpdprnpa, -a7os, n. a fault, mistake. 


181 


é-paxel, (adv.) without fighting. (4, 
not, and pax?), fight.) 

dpevov, adv. of dpuelyav. 

duelvwv, better, braver, used as comp. 
of ayaGés. 

d-pedéorepov, comp. of dueAs, more 
carelessly, somewhat carelessly. © 

G-peAds, (adv.) carelessly. (d, not, 
and péAe, if ts @ care.) 

d&prrAdopas, J contend, struggle: fut. 
dmArAAnoopat. (dysAAa, a contest.) 

Gurredos, -ov, f. a vine. 

duive, I ward off, defend, with dat. 
In middle dpvvopos, with accus. 
I ward off from myself, punish; 
fut. dytva, I aor. #puva, 

épdi, (with gen. and acc., never with 
dat. in Attic prose), lit. ‘on both 
sides’ (4udw, Lat. ambo, ‘both,’ so 
Lat. amb- in amb-ire.) I. with 
gen. about, as d:a-pépecOa aydi 
vivos, to quarrel about a thing. 
IL. with acc. (i.) around, near, with, 
especially of persons, as of dyudi 
Kupov, Cyrus and his attendants 
(lit. ‘those around Cyrus’); (ii.) of 
things, about, concerning ; (iii.) of 
time, about, as dugi péoas virras, 
about midnight; (iv.) of numbers, 
as appt rods d0-xiAfovs, about 
2000. In Composition dui mostly 
means, on both sides, around, about. 

d&pdorepos, -a, -ov, both. (Lat. ambo.) 

dpdhorépwlev, (adv.) on both sides. 

dpdw, -owv, both. 

dy, conditional particle, lit. ‘in that 
case:’ I, with opt. Avo: av, ‘he 
would loose’ (if something were to 
happen). II. with aor. indic. édvcey 
dv, he would have loosed (if some- 
thing had happened). III. when 
compounded with relatives or rela- 
tive particles, as ds dy, whoever, 
Sr-av, whenever, éav (for ei ay), 
if ever. Compounds of dy can only 

o with the subj. 

ae (with dccus. only), lit. up (cp. 
dvw, ‘upwatds’). L.of place, along, 
throughout, on; aa Thy wd, 


183 


through the city: TI. of manner, at 
the rate of ; dvd xparos, up to one’s 
strength, i.e. at full speed: III. of 
numbers, at the rate of; dyad éxardy, 
100 each. In Composition, sp, 
again, back, 
dva-Balvw, I go up, ascend, mount, 
go on board; fut. -Bioopa, perf. 
-BéBynxa, 2 aor. dy-éBny. 
dvd-Baors, -eos, f. a going up, an 
expedition into the interior. 
dva-Bode, I cry aloud, shout; fut. 
-Bonoopat. 
dv-ayyf\Aw, J bring back news, re- 
port; fut. -ayyeAd, I aor. -ryyeAa. 
dva-yiyvoone, J understand, recog- 
nise; read; 2 aor. dy- , 
ssid bn I force, compel; fut. dyay- 
kao, I aor, pass. eayedcOny. 
dvaykatos, -ov, necessary, needful. 
dvdyny, -n2, f. necessity, need, 
dva-yvous, a aor, participle of dya- 
TyVwoKOD. 
dv-dyw, I lead up, bring up; 2 aor. 
dyy-yayov, 1 aor. pass. -nxOnv. (Mid.) 
vedyouat, I put to sea, (dvd, up, 
and dyq, I lead.) 
dva-OopuBle, 7 cry out loudly, ap- 
plaud, (dyad, up, i.e. aloud, and 
ObpuRas, noise.) 
dva-Kalw, J kindle; fut. dva-xavow. 
dva-Kowvde, I communicate (something 
to another); fut. dva-xowdow. 
dva-konlfy, 7 carry up, store; I aor. 
v-exémoa, 
dva-kpdto, I cry aloud; fut. dva- 
aa foua, a aor, dy-éepayor. 
ne I take up, recover; fut. 
-AnWouas, perf, dy-ei P 
TA AGe. Hat, perf, dy-eiAnda, a aor 
ava-Adptre, I blaze up, take fire; 
fut. ava-Ad abo, 
av-adloxw, I spend, squander; fut. 
dy-adwoopan, perf. dy-fAwKa. 
ava-pévo, I wait for; fut. dva-pevd, I 
aor. av-épewa, 
éva-pipvhoke, (Act.) I remind, (Mid.) 
dva-piypvhoKopat, I remember; fut. 
BA-L47} 0 Os 


VOCABULARY. 


"AvatiBios, -ov, m. Anaxibius, 2 
Spartan admiral, 
dvatupiSes, frousers, 
Persian word). 

dva-rratw, (Act.) I make to cease, 
stop, (Mid.) ava-mavopar, I cease, 
rest, 

dva-reravvupe, I spread out, open; 
fut. dva-werdow. 

dv-Gptoros, -ov, without breakfast. 
(a, not, and dproroy, breakfast.) 

dv-apwrafe, I snatch up, plunder; 
fut. dy-aprdfo, or av-apraow. 

dv-apxla, -as, f. want of government, 
lawlessness. (a, not, and dpx?, 
rule). 

dva-orpihw, I turn upside down, re- 
turn, (of an army) rally; fut. dya- 
orpépw, 2 aor. pass. dv-ear pany. 

ava-relvw, I stretch upwards, extend; 
fut. dva-revi, perf. dva-réraxa, perf. 
pass. dva-rérapat. 

dva-rlOnpr, I lay up, set up, deposit; 
fut. dya-Ghow, I aor, dy-é0nxa. 

dva-hevyw, I escape; fut. dva-pel- 
fopar, 2 aor. dy-épuyoy. 

dva-ppovéw, J recover my senses; fut. 
dva-ppovi co.. 

dva-ywpéw, I retire, retreat, withdraw; 
fut. dva-xupnoo. 

dva-xwpifw, I cause to retire, draw 
off; 1 aor. dv-exupioa. 

dv5pdrroBov, -ov, n. a slave taken in 
war. (Lat. mancipium.) 

dv-eyelpw, I wake up, rouse; fut. 
dy-eyepa, 1 aor. act. dy-fyerpe, 
I aor. pass. dy-nyép@ 

dv-eureiv, fo proclaim. 
2 aor. infin., pypt.) 

dv-ex-riprAypt, J fill up again; fut. 
dyv-e€x-1ARoo. 

dv-éxpayov, 2 aor. indic. from dya- 
Kpata. 

dv-EXxw, I draw up, pull up; imperf. 
dy-etA Koy, 

dveu, (prep.) without. (Lat. sine.) 

dv-éxw, I hold up, put up with, en 
dure; fut. dv-éfw or dva-cxho0, 
4 aor, dy-esYov. 


(probably 2 


(ava, elney 


VOCABULARY, 


183 


Gv-fjixw, I come up to, extend upf- | dvn-pvAdrro, (Act.) I watch in turn, 


wards. 
avnp, dyipés, m. a man, (Lat. vir.) 
dvijp, man, opposed to woman. 
dvOparros, human being, opposed 
to beast. 

dv-7xOnyv, I aor. pass. of dy-d-yo. 

dvO-lornpr, (Act.) ZI set against, 
(Mid.) av@-lorapat, I oppose; fut. 
dvri-orhow, perf, dv0-éornka, 2 aor. 
dyr-ésrnv.  (dyti, against, and 
tornps, I set up.) 

GvOpamivos, -ov, (adj.) human (dvOpo- 
wos). 

GvOpwros, -ov, m. a man, (Lat. homo). 
See dvijp. 

évdw, I grieve, hurt; fut. dv-doo, 
I aor. pass. #maOnv. (dyin, grief.) 

dv-(ype, I send up, let go; fut. dy- 
hoo, I aor, dy-fxa, perf. dv-eika. 

dv-iornpt, (Act.) I set up, (Mid.) 
dv-lorapar, J rise up, stand up. 
So also 2 aor. act. dy-éorny, and 
perf. and pluperf. act. are intransitive. 

dv-loxw = dy-€xo, intrans. I rise (as 
the sun). 

dv-ofyw, or dv-olyvups, J open; fut. 
dy-oifa. 

“Avravipos, -ou, f. Antandrus, a city 
in the Troad (VIII. 506). 

avri, (with gen. only), I.overagaiust, 
opposite; II. in return for, instead 
of. In Composition, against, ex- 
change. (dvti, against, must be 
distinguished from Lat. ante, before; 
dyri probably meant originally, 
* before the face of.’) 

*Avrihéwv, -ovros, m. Antileon,a soldier 
from the Greek colony of Thurii in 
Italy (VI. 2). 

Gvrlos, -a, -oy, opposite; often with 


lévar, édXatvew, etc.; ‘to go, ride, 


etc., against the enemy.’ 
aévri-trapa-oKevafopat, I prepare my- 
self in turn; fut. -doopat, perf. 
~wap-€oKevac pal. 
Gvri-wapa-tarre, I draw up opf- 
posite, I range in battle agatnst; 
fut. -rdfw, perf. -réraxa. 


(Mid.) I am on my guard against 
one; fut. -puddto. 

dvrp-oSys, -e8, cavern-like, full of 
caves. (dyrpov, a cave, and eldos, 
JSorm.) 

dvw, (adv.) upwards. Comp. dva- 
tépw, superl. dvarrdra. Sometimes 
as a prep. with gen. above. 

dvw0ev, (adv.) from above, from the 
interior (of a country). 

» -as, f. worth, value. 

afivn, na, f. an axe. (d-yvum,T break.) 

Givos, -a, -ov, worth, worthy ( with 
gen.); dgidy éore (Lat. operae 
pretium est), it is worth while; 
modAov dfios, valuable. 

Gfi6w, I think it right, claim, ask, 
with gen. of person. (dftos, worthy.) 
wv, -ovos, m. an axle. 

am-ayy&lAw, I bring back word, 
announce, report; fut. dw-a7yyeAo, 
I aor. da-nyyeAa. 

an-dyw, I lead away, bring back; 
2 aor, da-1yya’yor. 

an-aywyi, -78, f. a leading away, 
withdrawal, 

é-atréw, I demand back: 1 aor. ax- 
yTnoa. 

dm-adAdrrw, I get rid of: (intrans.) 
I get off: (Mid.) Z depart; fut. 
-adAdfa, perf. pass. -nAAaypas. 

a&madds, -7, -dv, soft to the touch, 
tender, (Gmrropa:, I touch.) 

&-avrdw, (with dat.) I come to meet, 
encounter; fut. dm-ayrfjow, I aor. 
dn-hvTnoa. 

&mak, (adv.) once. (Lat. semel.) 
d-rrapdoKevos, -ov, unprepared. (4, 
not, and tapacKevt), preparation.) 
&-tras, -aga, -ay, all together. (dpa, 

together, and was, all.) 

&m-éSpav, 2 aor. of dro-B:dpdonm. 

d-mreOéw, I disobey. (d, not, and eiGo- 
pau, I obey.) 

G@retkéw, J threaten; fut. dweAnow, 
1 aor. #reiAnoa. 

dr-eyp, J go away, depart. Gud, wad 
elju, I shall go.) 


184 


VOCABULARY, 


dn-eypt, I am away, am distant. (da6 | dao-SiSpdonw, I run away, escape 


and elt, J am.) 

arr-exptvapny, 1 aor. of dro-xplvopat. 

an-eAavve, I drive away; (intrans.) 
I march away, ride away. 

dn-épxopa, I go away, depart; for 
the fut. dw-erys, 2 aor. dw-7RAGov. 

aw-exOdvopa, J am hated, become 
odious; fut. da-exOfoopas, 2 aor. 
dx-nxOdpuny, perf. dx-nxOnpar. 

dw-éxw, (with gen.) I keep off, (of a 
place) am distant from; 2 aor. 
d1-éo xov. 

&w-fAAaypat, perf. pass. of da 
aAAdrrTo. 

an-fvrnoa, I aor. of da-avrdw. 

d-moréw, I disbelieve, distrust. (4, 
not, and mionts, belief.) 

a-nioria, -as, f. disbelief, faithlessness. 

d-mveros, -08, -ov, untrustworthy, un- 
faithful. (4, not, and wioros, trust- 
worthy.) 

ar-itéov, one must go away (verbal 
adjective from dm-ecps). 

até, (prep. with gen. only); (Lat. ab): 
I, of place, off from, away from. 
II. of time, from, after, since: III. 
of origin and cause, proceeding from, 
as dd mroAeplow pdfos, fear caused 
by the enemy. Before an aspirated 
vowel dad becomes ad’, as ad’ 
fnaov, on horseback, lit. ‘from his 
horse.’ In Composition, from, off, 


away. 

d7ro-Batve, (1) I go away, go off: (2) 
dismount (immov): (3) disembark 
(ves); 2 aor. dw-éBny, fut. dao- 
Bhoopas. 

dtro-BéAAw, J throw away, lose; 
fut. dwo-BaA@, 2 aor. dm-éBadoy. 

dro-BXérw, I look eagerly. 

dtro-Sé5paxa, perf, act. of dwo-di5pa- 
oko). 

Grro-Selevupt, I point out, declare, 
appoint; fut. dao-deife. 

Gwo-Séyopat, I accept; fut. do-dé- 
fopat. 

Gtro-5npéw, I am abroad, go abroad. 
(dd, away, and Sjpos, home.) 


(so as not to be found); fut. 
-Spdcoyat, perf, -Sé3paxa, 2 aor. 
dm-é8pay. 

Gro-Sidwpr, (Act.) I give back, 
restore, (Mid.) Z sell, fut. -8d0o0s, perf. 
-5é5uxa, 2 aor. mid. da-eddpny. 

&tro-Spavar, 2 aor. infin. of dwo-b- 
SpdoKw. 

awro-OvinoKw, I die, I am put to death; 
fut. -Oavovpat, perf. -réOynxa, 2 aor. 
dm-é$avov, It is used instead of 
the passive of dwo-«reivw, I kill. 

Gr-ouxos, -ov, away from home, (dx0, 
and olos home); hence a colonist, 

dtro-xalw, I burn off; daw-exalovro ai 
pives, their noses were being frozen 
off (or frost-bitten) ; fut. -xavow. 

&tro-Kapve, I grow quite weary, faint; 
fut. -kapotpat, perf. -xéxpnea, 2 
aor. dw-éxapov. 

Gro-xplvopar, I answer, reply; fot. 
-Kpwwovpat, I aor. -expivdynp, perf. 
anécpipas. 

Gto-xpUmtw, (Act.) I hide from, 
(Mid.) I conceal; fut. -xpuipo, 1 aor. 
dn-éxpuiypa. 

dwo-xrelvw, I put to death, kill; fat. 
-KTev@, I aor. du-éxrewa, 2 aor. 
di-éxtavoy. [For the Pass. dxo- 
OvfoKe is used. ] 

Gtro-AapBdvw, I take back, receive 
back, recover; fut. -Afpopar. perf. 
dn-elAnga, 2 aor. dw-éAaBoy. 

Gwo-Aelrew, I leave behind, desert, 

- abandon ; fut.-Achbo, perf. -AéAocwa, 
2 aor. da-éAurov, 

Gw-é\Aupt, (Act.) I destroy, Kill, 
(Mid.) Z perish; fut. da-oA), 1 aor. 
dw-wAeoa, 2 aor. mid. da-wAdyny, 
2 perf. da-dAwda, I am undone. 

*Amé)dAwv, -wvos, acc. *“AméAAw, m. 
the god Apollo. 

aro-wépmw, I send off, discharge; 
fut. -mépibo. 

atro-tAéw, J sail away; fut. ~rrevco- 
peat, I aor. da-érAevoa. 

a-tropéw, I am without resources, am 
in difficulties (G-nopos), 


VOCABULARY. 


. G-wopla, -as, f. difficulty, distress. 
(rpopns dropla, want of food.) 

G-wopos, -ov, (1) without resources; 
(2) of rivers, etc., impassable ; 
év dadpoas elvas, to be in difficul- 
ties, 

G&ro-ppat, -dyos, broken off, steep, 
rugged. (dwd, off, and pyyvupt, 
I break). 

atro-oyjropa:, I rot off, am frost- 
bitten ; 2 perf. dwo-céonwa. 

Gro-ondw, I draw away, draw off; 
fut. omdow, perf. da-éondixa, perf. 
pass. -éomacpat. 

dtro-otaupbw, I fence off with a 
palisade; fut.-cravpwow. (oravpos, 
a palisade,) 

atro-orédAw, I send awhy, despatch; 
fut. -oTeAW, I aor. dn-éoreAa. 

Gtro-orepéw, I rob, deprive of; (with 
acc. and gen. or with double acc.) ; 
perf. dw-eorépnxa. 

atro-orpédw, I turn back, recall; fut. 
-oTpapw, perf. da-éorpopa. 

atro-calw, I save or restore again, 
bring back safe. 

Gwo-rappetw, I fence off with a 
ditch. (rddpos, a ditch.) 

awo-relvw, I stretch out, extend; fut. 
~reva), I aor. aa-éreiva, perf. pass. 
ato-réTapai. 

atro-répve, I cutoff; fut. -reud, perf. 
-rérpnka, I aor. pass. dw-erpnOny, 
2 aor. dw-érapoy. 

atro-tpémw, I turn back, turn away; 


perf. -rérpopa, perf, pass. -rérpap- 


pas. 
dtro-tpéxw, I run off, run away; 
fut. -dpayotvpa:, 2 aor. da-édpa- 


prov. 

atro-dalvw, I show, display; fut.-pava, 
I aor. adn-épnva. (Mid.), J declare 
(ray yvouny). 

dtro-hevyw, I escape; fut. -pevfopa:, 
2 aor. dn-épvyov. 

&w6-pyvat, I aor. imp. middle of dio- 
paiva. 

&tro-ywpéw, I depart from, retire,. 
retreat, 


185 


aw-av, -dyros, distant; pres. part. of 
dm-ecpe II. 

Gpa, (particle), so, therefore, then.. 
(Lat. igitur.) 

dpa, = Lat. num, in asking a question, 
as dpa éo7t, is it so? 

*ApaBia, -as, f. Arabia, used of all 
countries inhabited by nomad Arabs, ~ 
so even of the south of Mesopota- 
mia, still called Irak-al-Arabi. 

d-pyds, -dy, idle, lazy. (d, not, and 
épydy, work.) 

dpyés, -7, -bv, white, bright. 

apyupeds, -a, -ov, made of silver. 

dpyvpvov, -ou (dim. of dpyupos), silver, 
money. ([Cp. the French argent.} 
dpyupos, -ov, m. silver. 

aperh, -78, f. virtue, excellence, bravery. 

*Apvatos, -ov, m. Ariaeus, who com- 

«manded under Cyrus, but went over 
to the Persians after Cyrus’ death. 

dprOude, -ov, m. number (of an army), 
a muster. 

"Aplorapxos, -ov, m. Aristarchus, the 
Spartan ‘harmost’ or governor of 
Byzantium (Constantinople). 

dpiordw, I breakfast, lunch; fut. dpt- 
orhow. (Lat. prandeo.) 

Gptorepos, -4, -dy, the left. (& 
dpiorepa, on the left hand.) 

apterov, ov, n. the morning or mid- 
day meal, breakfast, lunch. 

Gptorro-trovéw, (Act.) I prepare break- 
fast or lunch, (Mid.) I breakfast, 
lunch; fut. -mowmooo. 

ptoros, best, used as superlative of 
dyads. 

"Aptoravupos, -ov, m. Aristonymus, 
a brave Arcadian captain (V. 265). 

*Apxds, -adoa, an Arcadian. 

apxéw, I am sufficient, avail; fut. 
dpréco. 

dpxros, -ov. m. and f. a bear, the 
constellation *‘ Ursa Major,’ or the 
Great Bear, hence the north. 

appa, -aros, n. a chariot. 

app-dpata, -7s, f. a covered carriage, 
waggonette. 

*Appevia, -as, {. Armenia, tne cos 


186 


mountainous country near the 
sources of the Euphrates. 

"Apphyn, -78, f. Harmene, harbour of 
Sinope (VI. 371). 

d&ppoonjs, -ov, m. an officer sent by 
the Spartans to govern their depen- 
dencies, a governor, ‘ harmost.’ (dp- 
pdm, I put in order.) 

dprayt, -78, f. plunder, booty. 

dpwdfw, I seize, plunder, carry off; 
fut. dpwdow, perf. pass. Hpmacpas. 

“Aptrugos, -ov, m. the river Harpasus, 
perhaps a branch of the Armenian 
Araxes, now the Arpa-Chai. Or 
the Tchoruk-Su, flowing north- 
westward into the Euxine near the 
modern town of Batoum, (See 
note to V. 277). 

"Aptayépoys, -ov, m. Artagerses, a 
general of the Persian cavalry whom 
Cyrus killed (II. 73). 

‘Aptragéptns, -ov, m. Artaxerxes IT, 
Mnemon, the son of Darius II, 
Nothus: king of Persia 405-360, 
B.c. (Artaxerxes I, Longimanus, 
preceded Darius II.) 

*Aptaarns, -ov, m. Artapates, one of 
Cyrus’ attendants (I. 278). 

YAprepts, -i30s, f.: (1) the Greek 
Artemis, Roman Diana, sister of 
Apollo, armed with arrows: (2) 
the Ephesian Artemis, an Asiatic 
Venus. 

dont, (adv.) just now, lately. 

dpros, ov, m. bread, a loaf. 

*Aptoras, ov, m. Arystas, an Arca 
dian (VIII. 207). 

dpxatos, -a, -ov, old, ancient; 6 
dpxaios, the elder; 1d dpxatov, 
formerly, (dpxi, beginning,) 

apxy, -7s, f. (1) beginning ; (2) rule, 
dominion, government, province. 

G&pxw, (Act.) I command, (Mid.) I 
begin; of dpxovres, the rulers; fut. 
dpfo, perf. #pxa. 

G-oeBrjis, -és, ungodly, impious, (4, 
not, and oéBopat, I worship.) 

é-obevéw, J am weak, am sick, am ill. 
(a, not, and odevéw, I am strong.) 


VOCABULARY, 


*Acla, -as, f. Asia, or rather the . 
western part of Asia then known, 
divided by the river Halys. 

*Acdarys, -ov, m. Asidates, a Persian 
noble (VIII. §10). 

*Acwaios, -a, ov, Asinean, or be- 
longing to Asine, a town in Laco- 
nia near Taenarus. 

G-ovros, -ov, without food. (a, not, 
and otros, food.) 

doxdg, -ov, m. a leather-bag, a bottle. 

dopevos, -7, -ov, pleased, glad, joyful. 

domdfopat, I welcome, embrace, bid 
JSarewell; fut. domdocopas. 

dons, -id0s, f. alarge shield, covering 
the whole body. (Lat. clypeus.) 

d-odadela, -as, safety (d-oparns). 

d-oparns, -és, safe, lit. ‘not liable to 
trip.” (d, not, and opdAAw, I trip 


up.) 

d-apadds, safely, (adv. of daparfs.) 

d-raxtos, -ov, undisciplined, in disor- 
der. (a, not, and Tarra, I arrange.) 

d-ratia, -as, f. want of discipline, 
disorder. 

ardp, but, however, (conj.) introducing 
a correction of what has been said 
before. (Lat. at.) 

drplfw, I steam or smoke. (dryds, 
steam.) 

d-rpiBns, -és, untrodden, lit, ‘not 
rubbed,’ (a, not, and rpiBa, I rub.) 

at, (adv.) again; on the contrary; 
moreover. 

ais, (adv.) again. 

atAéw, I play on the flute. (addAds, 
a flute.) 

avAtfLopnat, I am in the courtyard ot 
the open air, I bivouac. (avd, a 
courtyard); fut. abAicopa:, perf. 
HvAtopas, I aor, pass. nvALcOny. 

avAds, -ov, m. a flute, flageolet. 

atgédvw, I increase; fut. avfyoopat, 
perf. 7iinea, (Lat. augeo, in trans- 
itive sense.) 

atipuov, (adv.) to-morrow. 

aitixa, (adv.) immediately; abrixa 
pada, instantly, 


VOCABULARY. 


atréQev, (adv.) from the spot. 

avré@., (adv.) on the spot. 

auré-paros, -7, -ov, acting of oneself, 
of one’s own account, spontaneous ; 
é Tov abro-parov, naturally. 

atré-podos, -ov, m. a deserter. 
(abrds, of oneself and podeiy, 2 aor. 
of BAwoxw, I go.) 

airés, -4, -6, (reflex. pron.) sel/; 
6 ards (aids), the same, neut. Td 
avro, contr. tavrév. 

atrov, (adv.) there. 

atxjy, -évos, m. neck, also a neck of 
land, isthmus. 

&d-atpéw, (Act.) I take away, (Mid.) 
I rescue; fut. -aiphow, perf. -ypnea, 
2 aor. dd-eiXor. 

d-pavifw, I cause to disappear, put 
out of the way. (a, not, and gaiva, 
I show.) 

&d-eXéoOar, dd-eXdpevos, 2 aor. mid. 
infin, and part. of dp-arpéw. 

&o-fow, fut. act. of dd-inu. 

&-p0ovia, -as, f. abundance, plenty. 
(d-p9ovos.) 

d-dOovos, -ov, sega plentiful. 
(4, not, and POdvos, grudge.) 

&o- (ype, I send away, dismiss, let go. 
(did, away, and ins, I send); fut. 
dd-how, I aor. dd-jKa, perf. ag- 
eixa, perf. pass. dp-eiya. 

&d-txvéopat, I come to, arrive, reach ; 
fut. dd-ifoua:, perf. pass. dp-iypat, 
2 aor. dp-ixdunv. 

dd-lornpt, (Act.) I put away, set 
aside; fut. dro-orjow, 1 aor. a- 
éornoa, Mid. and intrans. tenses of 
Act, I stand off, revolt, 2 aor. d- 
éarny, perf. ap-érrnka. 

d-dpwv, -ov, without sense, silly. (d, 
not, and ppry, sense.) 

"Axatds, -d, -dv, Achaean, a native of 
the north coast of Peloponnesus. 
&xOopat, I am displeased, am vexed ; 
fut. dxOécopuat, perf. #xOnpat, I aor. 

pass. 7x0éaOnv. 


187 


B. 


BaBvAav, -dvos, f. Babylon, on the 
Euphrates, the capital of the Persian 
Empire. 

BaBvAwvia, -as, f. Babylonia, the 
flat country between the Tigris and 
Euphrates in their lower course. 

BaBvAdwoos, -a, -ov, Babylonian. 

Babyy, (adv.) slowly. (Baivo, I go.) 

Badifw, I walk slowly (opposed to 
tpéxo, I run). 

BaGus, -cia, -v, deep. 

Balvw, I go, depart; fut. Bhoopa, 
perf. BéBnna, 2 aor. €Bny. 

Baxrnpla, -as, f. a staff. 

BadAw, I throw, hit (with stones) ; 
fut. Barw, perf. BEBAn«a, perf. pass. 
BéBAnpat, 2 aor. €Badroy. 

BapBapids, -7, -év, barbarian (ap- 
plied to all who did not speak 
Greek). 

BdpBapos, -ov, strange, barbarian, 
foreigner (not Greek). 

Bapéws, (adv.) heavily ; Bapéws pépew 
tt, to be annoyed at, to take a thing 
ill, B. dsovew, to be annoyed at 
hearing. 

Bas, 2 aor. part. of Balve, 

Bacirad, -as, f. a queen. 

Bactrdla, -as, f. kingly power, 
kingdom, sovereignty. 

Bacidreos, -ov, of or belonging to a 
king, royal (BaoiAevs); Bactdeov 
(80a), a palace, gen. in plural. 

Bacwrevs, -éws, m. a hing. 

Bacrevo, J am king, I reign; fut. 
BaciAciow. 

Baorpos, -ov, passable. (Balva, I go.) 

BéBAnpar, perf. pass. of B4AAw. 

BéAos, -ovs, n. a missile, dart, arrow. 
(Baddow, I throw.) 

BéArioros, best, used as superl. of 
d-ya0ds; comp. BeAtlov, better. 

Bijpa, -aros, n. a step, pace (=30 
inches). 

Piva, 2 aor. infin. act. from Baive, 

Bla, -as, f. force, violence; Big, by 
force. 


Gana coicnists in Asia Minor, East of . 


fhe Exsporns ‘VIIL 162,. 
-o8, m. Le. 


Turace on the Propontis, after- 
wards called Rhaedestus, whence tts 
iudem name Rolosto. It is one 
A the best harbours on the northern 
craat of the Sea of Marmora. 

Pranete, I am slack, am lazy. 

Prdwre, I hurt, injure; fat. Brae, 
perf. pais. BéBdappas, 1 aor. pass. 
iL ApOnv, 2 act. pass. EBAGByD. 
imo, I see, lak, behold; fat. 
Brife. 


ay, I aor. pass. opt. of Barra. 
fede) | oe fut. Bohsopa:, I aor. 


poh 3 4 t a shout, battle ery. 
PonPio, I run to the rescue, assist ; 
fut. BonOhaw. 
Bodénos, -a, -ov, Boeotian, or inhabi- 
tant of Boeotia. 
pos, -ov, m. a ditch, trench. 
Bout, Ae) I devise a plan, 


(Mid.) Z take counsel, deliberate, 
resolve; fut, BovAevow. (BovdAr, 
counsel.) 


Bov-Auudo, I suffer from ravenous 
hunger; fut. Bov-Ayudow. (Bods, 
an ox, Aspos, hunger.) 

Bothopat, I wish, desire; fut. BovAh- 
copa, perf. BeBovAnpat. 

Bots, Bods, m. and f. an ox, cow. 

Bpadiws, slowly, adv. from Bpadis, 
slow. 

Bpax?s, -tia, -b, short. Comp. Bpa- 
Xurepos, superl. Bpaxvraros. 

Bpixw, I wet; perf. pass. BéSpeypat, 
I aor, pass. éBpéxOnv. 
povrh, Hs, f. thunder. 

jpwrds, -7, -dv, eatable; td Bpwrdv, 

Sood (verb adj. of Bpwaoxw, I eat). 


from the island of Samos (I. 300). 
yt. at least, indeed, tm truth. 
yeyérqpas, perf. from ye yropas. 
YetTwv, -ovos, m. and f. a zerghboar. 
yedaes, I laugh; fat. -yeAdoopai, | 

aor. éyéAdea. 


aes, -wros, laughter. (-yerau, I 
laugh.) . 
-éy, producing laughter 
a buffoon. (yéiAws, laughter, and 
wovéw, I make.) 

yévos, -ovs, n. inh race, descent, 
“offspring . (yeyropa:, I am born.) 

Yéppov, ov, n. a wicker skield (covered 
jwith oxhide). 

yépev, -ovros, m. an old man. 

yevw, (Act.) I give to taste; (Mid.) 
I taste; fat. yevoopas. 
yépipa, -as, f. a bridge. 

Lb -€8, earth-like, earthy. (yi 
earth, and ¢l5os, form.) 

Yi. Ys, f. the earth, land, country. 

yiyvopar, I come into being, am born, 
become ; fut. -yernoopas, perf. -ye- 
yernpat, 2 aor. éyerduny, 2 perf. 
yéyova. yevéoOat, fo prove ont 
self by act (to be distinguished from 
eZvat, to be), 

Yyvookw, I get a knowledge of, learn, 
judge ; fut. yvmoopas, perf. é-yvoxa, 
2 aor. €yvow. 

TAods, -ov, m. Gilis, the son of 
Tamos: he accompanied Cyrus, and 
then joined Artaxerxes (II. 117). . 

yvobg, 2 aor. part. af qryvaones 


VOCABULARY, 


yvopn, -18, f. judgment, sense, opinion, 
intention. 

yor opa, future of yiyywoKa, 

ToyyvAos, -ov, m. Gongylus, a Eu- 
boean from Eretria, who had been 
presented with Pergamus by Xerxes 
(VIII. 509). 

yovevs, -éos, a father. In plural of 
“yoveis, parents. 

» I write; fut. ypdayw, perf. 
véypapa, perf. pass. yéypappat. 
yupvalw, I train, exercise, practise; 

fut. yuprdow. 
yupvis, -fjros, m. a light-armed foot- 
soldier 


T'upvias, Gymnias, the chief city of 
the Scythini, probably between the 
mountains west of the Taochi (V. 


A. 

Saxptw, J weep ; fut. Saxpvow, (Saxpy, 
a tear.) 

SaurvAos, -ov, m. a finger. SdervAos 
Tov woods, a toe. 

isha I spend, waste; fut. 8ama- 

(Sandyn, expense.) 

Bapexss, -ov7, m. a Darie, i.e. a 
Persian gold coin first coined by 
Darius, in value about 16s. Coins 
are often called after rulers, as 
‘Napoleon,’ ‘Louis d'or,’ ‘ sove- 
reign.’ 

Aapetos, -ov, 6, Darius II, Nothus, 
king of Persia 423-405, B.C. 
(Darius I, Hystaspes, preceded 
Xerxes, and sent the expedition to 
Marathon. Darius III, Codomannus, 
was defeated by Alexander the 
Great.) 

Sacvs, -cia, -v, thick, hairy, rough, 
bushy. 

Sé, but (nectag to pév) ; and (con- 
necting two clauses), mow (con- 
tinuing a narrative). 


189 


SéSepat, perf. pass. of 3ée, I bind. 
Sedvws, 2 perf. part. of deidw. 
SéSo0ypat, perf. pass. of S0xéw, 
SéSouxa, perf. act. of Sei8w, 

SSopar, perf. pass. of Sidupe. 

Sedpapnwa, perf. act. with pres. 
tpéxo. 

Sép, subjunctive of dei. 

Sei, (impers.) if is necessary, (with 
gen.) there is need of; fut. defoe. 
(76 déov, necessity.) 

Seidw, J fear; fut. dSelcopa:, 1 aor. 
zea, perf. Sé3ocea, 2 perf. 5éda, 
3é5ocxa, yr), J fear he will, 3é50xa 
pr) ov, I fear he won't. 

Selxvupr, I show, explain; fut. delfw, 
perf. pass. 5éSe:ypas. 

SeiAn, -78, f. the hottest part of the day, 
the afternoon. 

Serds, -4, -dv, fearful, cowardly. 
(5€0s, fear.) 

Sewvds, -4, -dv, inspiring fear, terrible, 
dreadful, B8evds A€éyeyv, clever at 
speaking, a clever speaker. 

Sewds, adv. of Saves, terribly. Sewase 
Exewv@fo be in straits. (8éo8, fear.) 

Sei~at, 1 aor. infin. act. from Seixvups. 

Serrvéw, I take dinner or supper ; fut. 
Serrvfoo. 

Seimvov, -ov, n. dinner, supper (the 
chief meal of the day). 

Séxa, ten (indecl.). (Lat. decem.) 
Ae\dol, -av, m. Delphi in Phocis, 
celebrated for its oracle (IV. 16). 

SévSpov, -ov, n. a tree. 

Sefvos, -d, -dv, on the right hand (Lat. 
dexter). % Sefid (xelp), the He 
hand. 8efidv 8odva or AaPely, to 
give or take pledges. 

Aéévrnos, -ov, m. Dexippus, a Spartan, 
who got the Greeks into trouble 
with Cleander (VII. 244). 

Séou, opt. of See. 

Séopar, J need, want, ask; fut. Sefoo- 

pas (with gen.). 
Sippa, -aros, n. @ skin, hide. (Sépw, 
I flay.) 

Seopés, -o}, m. a bond, fetter. (déa, 

I bind.) 


190 


Seipo, (adv.) hither. 

Sevrepos, -a, -ov, second. (8bo, two.) 

Seyopas, I receive, accept ; fut. défo- 
pas, perf, 3édeypas. 

Sk, I bind, fasten; fut. 540m, perf. 
3é5exa, perf. pass. 3é3euar, I aor. 
pass. é346ny. 

Séco, I need, want, request ; fut. Senow. 
(Cp. Sef and Séopaz.) 

Sh, truly, assuredly ; ri 31, why then? 
Often emphasises a word, as évrav0a 
Si, at this moment, (Lat. tum 
demum.) 

Sidos, -7, -ov, clear, certain, evident. 

, I make clear, show, point out, 
declare; fut. 8nAdow, perf. d€57- 
Aona. (57X08, clear.) 

Sypaywyéw, I lead the people, am 
popular with (with accus.). (dipos, 
the people, and dyw, I lead.) 

Synpdoros, -a, -ov, belonging to the 
people, public. rad 8npdow, public 
property. 

Shou, (adv.) of course, doubtless. 

54, prep. with gen. and acc, I. with 
gen. i. of place, through; ii. of 
time, through, during, as 5d vurros, 
during night; iii, of the instrue 
ment, by means of. II. with accus, 
because of, on account of, as da 7i, 
why? lit. ‘on account of what?’ 
[Obs, 5a god, ‘by your means, dd 
o@, ‘for your sake.’] In Composition, 
through, thoroughly, separately (Lat. 
dis-) as S:a-riOnpu, ‘1 place separ- 
ately,’ i.e. ‘dispose’ (Lat. dis-pono); 
across, as in d:a-Baive. 

Sta-Balvw, J go through, cross; walk 
about; fut. -Bhoopas, perf. -BEBnxKa, 
2 aor. &-éBny. 

S1a-BdAAw, lit. J throw or carry over; 
(metaphorically) Z tear in pieces a 
man’s character, i.e. slander. 

Sid-Baors, -ews, f. a going over, 
passage, ford (of a river). 

Sia-Baréos, that must be crossed. 
d:a-Baréoy éort, we must cross. 

S:a-Bards, -4, -dv, that can be crossed, 


passable (verbal adj. of d:a-Baive). | 


VOCABULA.2YF, 


Sca-BiPales, I carry over, carry across; 
fat. -BiBdoo. 

Sv-ayyéAAw, I send a message, inform; 
fut. S-ayyer@, perf. de-fpyyeAca, 
I aor. de-nyyyeAa. 

Se-ayxvAde, I hold the javelin by the 
t ready to shoot. (dd, and 
Gyxvdn, the thong of a javelin.) 

Su-dye, (1) J carry across; (2) I pass, 
spend (my life); fut. de-dge, perf. 
pass. -7ypas. 

Sra-Sidwpr, J give from hand to hand, 
distribute ; fut. -Sho. 

514-Soxos, -ov, m. and f. 
another's place, a successor. ( 
and 5éxopa, receive.) 

Std-ceyar, I am ina certain state, am 
disposed. gidixws d:axetoOat, to be 
Sriendly disposed (=pass. of ha 
7lOnpu, I dispose). 

Sua-KeAcvonar, I exhort, encourage, 
cheer on; fut. -xeAevcopas. 

Sua-kAdw, I break in pieces ; impert. 
-éxAow, I aor. -ExAdoa. 

Sua-xérrew, I cut through; fat. -cdpo. 

Sta-xdcrot, -ai, -a, two hundred. 

Bta-Aayxavw, J divide by lot; fut. 
-Affopat, 2 aor. 8:-€Aayxor. 

Sta-Aéyw (Act.), I pick out, (Mid.) 
I discourse, converse (with dat.); 
fut. -A€fopas, 

Sv-ap-mepés, (adv.) through and 
through, right through. (a, dd, 
and welpa, I pierce.) 

Sta-volopar, I think over, intend, pur- 
pose ; fut. -vohoopat, perf. -yevénpat, 
I aor. pass. d:-evonOny. (did, and 
vous, the mind.) 

Sud-vora, -as, f. thought, purpose, in 
tention. 

Sta-wAéw, I sail over, sail across ; fut. 
emAevcopat, perf. pass. -wéwAev 
Opa. 

Sta-tropedw, (Act.) J carry over, 
(Mid.) Z pass across, march through. 

Sta-tpadrrw, (Act.) I accomplish, 
(Mid.) I stipulate, manage, nego- 
tiate; fut. -rpdgw, perf. pass. -wé- 
TPO Poa. | 


VOCABULARY. 


Svapmafw, I tear in pieces, spoil, 
Suen fut, -apwacw, perf. pass. 


Li wag T throw about, scatter. 
pprirs, -ews, f. a scattering about. 
palvw, I point out, indicate ; 

fut. -onpdvw, I aor. d:-eonpnva. 

Sia-oxnvéw, (trans.) I place in se- 
parate tents, (intrans.) I encamp 
separately, 

S.a-o7rda, 1 tear asunder, scatter; 
fut. -omdoopat, 

Sta-omrelpw, I scatter about,. disperse; 
fut. -omep®, 2 aor. pass. dt-eomapny. 

Sta-odevbovdae, (Act.) J scatter as by 
a sling, (Pass.) I fly in pieces, as if 
hurléd from a sling. (opevddvn, a 
sling.) 

Std-cxouse, 2 aor. opt. from 8-éxw. 

Sud-cXw, 2 aor. subj. from d:-éxa. 

Sca-cwlw, I preserve to the end. (dd, 
throughout, and od(w, I preserve.) 

Sra-rlOnyr, (Act.) I place separately, 
arrange in order; (Mid.) I dispose 
of; fut. -Onow. 

Sca-TplBw, I wear away, spend, waste 
[xpévov], (Lat. tempus terere); 
a fut. -rpivo, 2 aor. pass. dre- 
TplBnv. 

Sua davies, (adv.) manifestly, plainly. 
(51d, through, and daivw, I show.) 

Sva-hépw, (1) J carry over; (2) intrans. 
I differ from, excel; (impers.) 
diapéper, there is a difference; 
(Mid.) Z quarrel about (dpi 
Twos); fut. d-olow, 2 aor. di-hvey- 
xov. 

da-hevyw, I flee through, escape safe 
away; fut. -pevfoya. 

Sia-pOelpw, I destroy, kill; 
~pOepw, perf. pass. 5:-EpPapyan. 

SSdEw, fut. act. of Sdacxo. 

SwdaoKados, -ov, m. a teacher, mas- 


fut. 


ter. 

SSdoKnw, I teach, inform, show; fut. 
b5dgo, perf. 5edi5ayxa, I aor. pass. 
€5:5ax On. 

ScSd6var, pres. infin. from didupe. 

Sidswpr, J give, offer; fut. duow, perf. 


: , SN 
a 


191 


SéB8ana, perf. pass. Sé3opuar, 1 aor. 
é5axa (2 aor. in plural, oper, 
éore, éd50cayv), 2 aor, mid. é56- 
pny. 

St-éxAwv, imperf. indic, of Sea-KA do. 

S-cAatve, I drive through, charge 
through ; fut. -eAdoo or -€Ad. 

Si-épxopat, I go or pass through - 
2 aor. 5i-7A 00. 

S-EpOappar, perf. pass. of S:a-pOelpw. 

Si-éx@, J divide; (intrans.) J am 
separated, am distant; fut. 5:-éf@ or 
d:a-0xhow, 2 aor. di-eryxov. 

Su-nyéopar, J go through a story, 
narrate ; fut. -nyjoopat. 

Su-nyxvAwpévos, perf. part. of &- 
ayKvAdw. 

Su-lorppt, (Act.) I divide, (Mid. and 
intransitive tenses of Act.) I stand 
apart; fut. dia-crjow, 2 aor. de 
éorny. 

Sixatos, -a, -ov, just, fair. 
justice.) 

Sicalws, (adv.) justly, fairly, rightly. 

Slkn, -78, f. justice, right, also penalty. 
Slenv AaBelv, or emOeivan, to inflict 
punishment, (Lat. poenas sumere ;) 
dieny Sovvar, or Exeav, to suffer 
punishment (Lat. poenas dare). 

Swéw, I whirl round. (diyn, a whirl.) 

Si-opurrw, I dig through, break 
through; fut. -opvfgo, perf. pass. 
~opmpuypat, plupf. -wpapiypny. 

Sls, (adv.) Avice. (Lat. bis.) 

Ses-x (Aron, -au, -a, “wo thousand. 

SipOépa, -as, f. a prepared hide, 
leather bag, wallet. 

Sidpos, -ov, m. properly the footboard 
of a war-chariot, hence a chariot, 
seat of a chariot, and generally a 
seat. 

bixa, (adv.) in two parts, apart ; mocely 
dixa, to divide. 

SvoKw, I pursue; fut. SidEo. 

Soypa, -aros, n. a resolution, decree. 

Solyv, 2 aor. opt. act. of Si5apu. 

Soxew, I think; (intrans.) I seem, 
(impers.) Bonet fot, tt seems good to 
me, TH dSedoypeva, resolutions; 


(din, 


} nl 
192 


doge ravra, these things were de- 
cided; fut. Sdfw, t aor. €8ofa, perf. 
pass. Sedo7ypyat. 

SoAos, -ov, m. craft, trick, deceit. (Lat. 
dolus.) 

Sopevos, 2 aor. mid. participle of 
ScSavyes. 

Sofa, -ns, f. (1) opinion ; (2) renown, 

lory (8oxéw). 

Soke, future of 3oxéa. 

Sopxds, -ddoz, f. a gazelle, so called 
from its bright eyes, from dépxopaz, 
I see. 

Sépv, -aros, n. a spear, lance. 

Sopu-pépos, -ov, m. a spear-man; 
plur. body-guards. (Sdpu, a spear, 
and dépa, I bear.) 

. 2 aor. imperative of dfSwps. 
SécGar, 2 aor. infin. mid. of SiSape. 
SodAos, -ov, m. a slave, 

Sofvar, 2 aor. infin. act. of Siw. 

Bovs, 2 aor. participle of 5i8wpu. 

Apaxéyrios, -ov, m. Dracontius, a 
Spartan, president of the games at 
Trapezus (V. 328). 

Spapeiv, Spapdv, 2 aor. inf. and part. 
with pres. rpéxw. 

Spapovpar, fut. with pres. rpéxw. 

Spéwavov, -ov, n. a scythe. (Spéme, 
I pluck.) 

ApiAa, -dy, m. the Drilae, a people 
in Pontus, near Trapezus. 

Spdpos, -ov, m. a race, running ; quick 
pace, as in Spdyp Oeiv, to run fast. 
(€-Spap-oy 2 aor. with pres. rpé- 
xo, I run.) 

5 -I have power, am able, can ; 
fut. 8uvfoopa, imperf. gduvdpny, 
(2 pers. 367m,) also H5uvauny. 

Sivayrs, -ews, f. (1) power, means; (2) 
a force, i.e. troops. (Lat. copiae.) 

Swarts, “h, -6y, power, ful, (Suvapas, 
Z am able.) 


Sevacopat, fat, of duvapa. 
Seve, I sink, set (of the sun); fut. 
Seoopas, 2 a0r. Eduv. 
Sea, Svoiy, two. (Lat. duo.) 
Suapy, -7s, f. a sinking, setting. 
(Saou, J ast.) 


VOCABULARY. 


Sue-1dp-tros, -ov, hard to pass. (dui 
hard, and wap-e.pu, I pass.) 

Svc-rropos, -ov, hard to pass. (dui 
hard, and mépas, a passing.) 

Svo-xpyoros, -oy, hard to use, us 
less, unserviceable. (dus-, hard, at 
xpdopat, I use.) 

Siw, I cause to enter; fut. S8vo0 
(Mid. and intrans. tenses) J siz 
set; 2 aor. €duy. 

83, 2 aor. subj. act. of di3apu. 

Swdexa, twelve. 

Swpéopar, I present with; fut. dup 
copa. (ddpov, a gift.) 

Sapov, -ov, n. a gift, present, (dita, 
I give.) 

Sdéow, future of Sidwpu, 


E. 


&, gen. ov, dat. of, (Lat. se, sui, sib 
himself, but used as personal pronou 
him. 

édv, (el, dv) if even, if (always tak 

bj.) 


subj.). 

éGv, pres. inf. of éda. 

éaurév, -7, -6, himself, herself, itsel) 

éaw, I let, permit, leave alone; fu 
édaw, 1 aor. elaca. 

é-BaXov, 2 aor. of BGAAw. 

éBSopnynovra, seventy. 

é-Byv, 2 aor. of Batya. 

€-BANOnv, 1 aor. pass. of B4AA. 

é-Bovlinlaca, I aor. act. of Boun 
pide. 

é-Bdwv, impf. ind. of Boda. 

éyyvs, (adv.) near, nearly; compa 
éyyurepov and éyyurépa; super 
éyylrara and éyyutaro. 

é-yéAwv, impf. ind. of yeAdo. 

é-yevopny, 2 aor. of yiryvouac. 

éy-xadéw, J call in ; (with dat.) brin, 
a charge against; fut. -«adrgéoo 
(éy, and xaAr€éw, I call.) 

€y-xeypar. J lie in, am placed in 
fut. -Keicopas. 

éy-kéadog, -ov, within the head, « 
puedds, the pith of the palm, 

TSWaN, 2 aor. af yodoxa, 


POCABULARY. 


pers. pron. Z, Whenever inserted, 
is emphatic, J myself (as opposed 
some one else); ép00, épol, ene 
: also emphatic: pou, pot, me, are 
> usual or non-emphatic forms, 

e, I for my part. 

ravev, impf. act. of Samravdw. 
Oyv, I aor. pass, of Séopar, J want. 
impf. of Sev. 

‘a, I aor. of Seixvupe. 

ya, 1 aor. of Seid. 

ra, I aor. of 5ém, I bind. 

ouv, for édidev, impf. of didupu. 
au, fut. with pres. éo0ia. 
my, 2 aor. mid. of didope. 

a, 1 aor. of 5oxéw, 
‘av, 3 pl. 2 aor. of Sidmpe (Edwxa 
used in the sing.). 
pov, 2 aor. with pres. Tpéx. 

w, 2 sing. impf. of duvayas. 
ca, I aor. of Sidope. 

, 2 aor. of (aa. 

ov, 2 aor. of OynoKe. 
wriis, -ov, m. a.volunteer. 
v, I wish, am willing ; fut. &0¢- 
go), I aor. 7,0€Anoa. 
pny, impf. ind. of Oedopar. 
ipouv, impf. ind. of Oewpéw. 
;, “OUS, N. a nation, tribe. 
onj.) ¢f (with ind. and opt., never 
th the subj.): after verbs of 
liberating (as BovAevecOa), whe- 
r; el pr), unless, 
ny, opt. of ofda. 
at, infinitive of of8a. 
', 2 aor. with pres. dpdo. 

, ous, Ne an appearance, form 
eiv used as 2 aor. of dpdo). 

subj. of ofda, 
$, participle of ol8a, 
‘w, I make like, conjecture, guess ; 
, €lxaow. 

, €lxdtos, n. likely, reasonable 
suter of the participle of goa, 
ortened from éo:xds); ws elxds, 
is probable. 
ru, twenty. 
w, see €or. 
ppat, perf, pass, of AauBdva, 


: SS 
ie 


193 


ef-Anda, perf. act. of AapBavw. 

elAxov, impf. act. of €A«a. 

etXépnv, I chose; 2 aor. mid, with 
pres. alpéw, 

elAov, 2 aor. act. with pres. aipéw. 

ell, Zam; fut. copa, impf. Av ; éori 
pot, I have; ob« éort, ét is impossible. 

ips, J shall go (Lat. ibo); imperf. 
ye, imperat. i@:, infin. lévat, verb. 
adj. iréov, one must go. 

elaa, I aor. with pres. dnl. 

eltrépny, impf. of Eropa. 

elrrov, 2 aor. with pres. pypi. 

etpyacpat, perf. pass. of épydCopar. 

eipyov, imperf. ind. of eipyw. 

eipyw, I shut out, exclude ; fut. eipgo. 

eipyxa, I have said, perf. with pres. 
gnpt; pf. pass. efpnyat, I aor. pass. 
éppnOnv. 

eipyvy, -78, f. peace. 

eis, prep. with accus, only, I. of place, 
into, ¢o; II. of time, as els éowépay, 
towards evening ; els riv torepalay, 
Sor the next day; III. with numerals, 
as eis éxardv, up to a hundred, i.e. 
as much as a hundred; 1V. of pur- 
pose, for, with regard to, as els 7d5e, 
for this purpose. In Composition, 
into, to, 

els, pla, év; gen. dvds, puds, évds, 
one, 

eis-dyw, I lead into, introduce; fut. 

@, 2 aor. -hrya’yor. 

els-axovtrifw, Z throw javelins into. 
(adxdvrioy, a javelin.) 

els-Svopan, J enter into; fut. -vcopar, 
2 aor. els-é5uy. 

ets-expt, I go into, enter. 

els-Epyxopat, I come into, enter; fut. 
~eAevoopat, 2 aor. -7AGov. 

ets-od0s, -ov, f. an entrance. 
into, and 680s, way.) 

els-rySdw, I leap into; fut. -rndjow. 

eis-rlrrw, I fall into; fall upon, 
attack; fut. -mwegovpat, 2 aor. 
-émegoyv, 

elorhkev, I was standing ; pluperf. of 
torn, but intrans, and used a Abe 
imperf. of tornka, 1 stand. 


(eis, 


184 


dn-eyr, I am away, am distant. (awd 
and ely, J am.) 

atr-expivapyy, 1 aor. of dro-xpivopat. 

aw-eAavvw, I drive away; (intrans.) 
I march away, ride away. 

an-épxopar, I go away, depart; for 
the fut. dw-e.yu, 2 aor. da-7APov. 

Gn-exSdvopar, I am hated, become 
odious; fut. dt-ex6hoopat, 2 aor. 
dx-nxOdpny, perf. adn-7xOnpas. 

dn-€xw, (with gen.) I keep off, (of a 
place) am distant from; 2 aor. 
dn-éo ov. 

Gr-fAAaypat, perf. pass. of dm 
adAdrTw. 

aw-fvrnoa, I aor. of dr-avrdw. 

a-motéw, ZI disbelieve, distrust. (4d, 
not, and mions, belief.) 

a-moria, -as, f. disbelief, faithlessness. 

d-wieTos, -08, -ov, untrustworthy, un- 
faithful. (d, not, and micros, trust- 
worthy.) 

ax-téov, one must go away (verbal 
adjective from G-ecpe). 

awd, (prep. with gen. only); (Lat. ab): 
I, of place, off from, away from. 
II. of time, from, after, since: II. 
of origin and cause, proceeding from, 
as dwd toAeplow pdBos, fear caused 
by the enemy. Before an aspirated 
vowel dd becomes ad’, as dd’ 
trou, on horseback, lit. ‘from his 
horse.’ In Composition, from, off; 


away. 

Gro-Balve, (1) I go away, go off: (2) 
dismount (immov): (3) disembark 
(vews); 2 aor. dnx-éBny, fut. do- 
Bhoopa. 

dtro-BédAw, I throw away, lose; 
fut. dwo-BaA@, 2 aor. dw-éBadoyr. 

dtro-BAémw, I look eagerly. 

Gtro-dé5paxa, perf, act. of do-d:5pa- 
oKo, | 

Go-Seixvupe, I point out, declare, 
appoint; fut. dao-Belfm. 

Gwo-Séxopat, I accept; fut. dao-dé- 


fopar, 
dtro-Snpéw, I am abroad, go abroad. 
(dd, away, and djyos, home.) 


VOCABULARY, 


dmo-SiSpaoxw, I run away, escape 
(so as not to be found); fut. 
-Spdcoyar, perf. -dé5paxa, 2 aor. 
dw-é5pay. 

Gro-Sibwpr, (Act.) I give back, 
restore, (Mid.) J sell, fut. -S&o, perf. 
-bé3wxa, 2 aor. mid. dn-eddpny. 

Gro-Spavat, 2 aor. infin. of dao-di- 
Spdonw. | 

dro-OvicKe, I die, I am put to death; 
fut. -Savotpat, perf. -ré0vnea, 2 aor. 
dr-é@avoy. It is used instead of 
the passive of dro-«relvw, I kill. 

Er-ovxos, -ov, away from home, (édwd, 
and olxos home); hence a colonist. 

dmo-xalw, I burn off; dm-exalovro ai 
pives, their noses were being frozen 
off (or frost-bitten); fut. -xavow. 

dtro-Kapve, I grow quite weary, faint; 
fut. -xapovpat, perf. -eésxpyna, 2 
aor. dw-é€xapoy. 

Gwo-xplvopar, I answer, reply; fut. 
-Kpivoupat, I aor. -expivdpny, perf. 
ae éxpipat. 

dtro-kpumtw, (Act.) I hide from, 
(Mid.) I conceal; fut. -xpuipo, I aor. 
dr-éxpuipa. 

&ro-xtelvo, J put to death, kill; fut. 
-KTeva), I aor. dn-éxrewa, 2 aor. 
di-éxrayov. [For the Pass, dwo- 
OvqjoKe is used. | 

Grro-AapBdvw, J take back, receive 
back, recover; fut. -Afwopau. perf. 
dw-eiAngpa, 2 aor. dn-éXaBov. 

amwo-Aelww, I leave behind, desert, 

- abandon; fut.-A€hbo, perf. -AéAorna, 
2 aor. dm-édtTov, 

Gw-d\Aupt, (Act.) IZ destroy, hill, 
(Mid.) I perish; fut. d-oA@, I aor. 
dw-wAeoa, 2 aor. mid. da-wAdpny, 
2 perf. dw-dAwAa, I am undone. 

"Até\wv, -avos, acc. "AmédAAw, m, 
the god Apollo. 

Gtro-nréparw, I send off, discharge; 
fut. -ré uo. 

dtro-whéw, I sail away; fut. -wrEva0- 
pat, I aor. dn-énAevoa, 

d-topéw, I am without resources, am 
in difficulties (d-mopos). 


VOCABULARYF. 


. G-mopla, -as, f. difficulty, distress. 
(rpopns dwopla, want of food.) 

d-opos, -ov, (1) without resources ; 
(2) of rivers, etc., impassable; 
év dxdpos elvas, to be in difficul- 
tes, 

Gwo-ppaof, -dyos, broken off, steep, 
rugged. (dwd, off, and syrup, 
I break). 


Gtro-oyjropar, I rot off, am frost- 


bitten ; 2 perf. dwo-céonwa. 

G@ro-ondo, I draw away, draw off; 
fut. omdow, perf, dn-éond«a, perf. 
pass. -éoracpat. 

d&mro-oravpow, I fence off with a 
palisade; fut.-cravpdow. (oravpos, 
a palisade,) 

aro-oréhAw, I send awhy, despatch ; 
fut. -oT€AW, I aor. dn-éoreAa. 

Gro-orepéw, I rob, deprive of; (with 
acc. and gen. or with double acc.) ; 
perf. dn-eorépnka. 

atro-orpéde, I turn back, recall; fut. 
-oTpépa, perf. dméorpopa. 

aro-colw, I save or restore again, 
bring back safe. 

Gro-tadpetw, I fence off with a 
ditch. (rddpos, a ditch.) 

awo-relvw, I stretch out, extend; fut. 
~rev@, I aor, dn-érewa, perf. pass. 
dmo-7 érapai. 

atro-répvw, I cut off; fut. -reua, perf. 
orérpnka, I aor. pass, dw-erpiOny, 
2 aor. dw-érapor. 

Gtro-rpétrw, I turn back, turn away; 


perf. -rérpopa, perf. pass. -rérpap- 


pa. 
Gtro-tpéxw, I run off, run away; 
fut. -Spayovya:, 2 aor. dm-é5pa- 


pov. 

atro-dalvw, I show, display; fut.-pavd, 
I aor. dn-épnva, (Mid.), I declare 
(Ti yvapnyv). 

Gtro-pevyw, I escape; fut. -pevgopa:, 
2 aor. dn-épuyor. 

&1d6-yvat, I aor. imp. middle of dzo- 


aive. 


dtro-ywpéo, I depart from, retire,. 


retreat, 


185 


ar-dv, -dwros, distant; pres. part. of 
dn-ecpe II. 

&pa, (particle), so, therefore, then. 
(Lat. igitur.) 

dpa, = Lat. num, in asking a question, 
as dpd toni, is it so? 

"ApaBla, -as, f. Arabia, used of all 
countries inhabited by nomad Arabs, - 
so even of the south of Mesopota- 
mia, still called Irak-al-Arabi. 

d-pyés, -dy, idle, lazy. (d, mot, and 
épydy, work.) 

apyéds, -, -dv, white, bright. 

dpyupeos, -a, -ov, made of silver. 

dpyvpvov, -ov (dim. of dpyupos), silver, 
money. (Cp. the French argent. ] 

Epyvpos, -ov, m. silver. 

aperh, -Hs, f. virtue, excellence, bravery. 

*Apuatos, -ov, m. Ariaeus, who com- 

* manded under Cyrus, but went over 
to the Persians after Cyrus’ death. 

apg, -o0, m. number (of an army), 
a muster. 

*Aplorapxos, -ov, m. Aristarchus, the 
Spartan ‘harmost’ or governor of 
Byzantium (Constantinople). 

apiordw, I breakfast, lunch; fut. dps- 
orhow. (Lat. prandeo.) 

dptorepds, -4, -dv, the left. (dy 

, aporrepa, on the left hand.) 

aptorov, ov, n. the morning or mid- 
day meal, breakfast, lunch. 

dptorro-trovéw, (Act.) Z prepare break- 
fast or lunch, (Mid.) I breakfast, 
lunch; fut. -townoo. 

pioros, best, used as superlative of 
dyads. 

"Aptotavupos, -ov, m. Aristonymus, 
a brave Arcadian captain (V. 265). 

*Apkds, -ados, an Arcadian. 

apxéw, I am sufficient, avail; fut. 
dpréoa. 

dpxros, -ov. m. and f. a@ bear, the 
constellation ‘ Ursa Major,’ or the 
Great Bear, hence the north. 

appa, -aros, n. a chariot. 

app-dpata, -7s, f. a covered carriage, 
waggonette. 

"Appevia, -as, f. Armenia, the cold 


-_— 
_ —_ —, 
Ct ead - ome law fos -< 
“~gsaww - = - 
nd —_ at 
- - .. - —* 
° “” 
aga: o - -_ 
ope F) o «o fd =— —_ 
ge “— an eS « 
Pe te) - -- : an eemiae 
° . . Ea ope ena 
fd a owe ‘ee - 
o»* = — o 
- - mn is 
° oe we =. 
uf - os fern 7, os oes a oa” a = 
ec 7 2 aint af <a -_ 3 - = 
7 - os cad 
Bop Ge-f-4, - i a 
: ne - ef gers axe 
» v4 s . oo + 22 — 
oe e ow - a ae? “A 
o 
j °, m2 


4 “of 172e wo 4, "68, 


aes eo '* Hs * z s” . 
s - ” 
Bayst yun 27a A See 
4ovoder o-+ «4 of. 9 ty ee ad 
4 - a Te 2 er7"—.@" = 
. 6 Alewal ©. Avant 
4 
‘ . ? 
hy’ “7, wee nin, Inve }- 
hing O0g% by O° hes a 4 Lf. 


Aiselenq itm 1 Aryla, an byecae 


» ¢ Vis f fads 
hygun 4, mv. ald, aneent; 6 
apanine, the obler; 24 apysaoyv, 


frvmorl,  Chpgh, hepinnings,) 

Wy gh nv db ty hoping; (2) rule, 
Hhamninion, pouernment, prenee, 

Aygo, (het Focommand, (Mid) I 
hopin ol Apyoveree, tha rulers; fut. 
Ap val, pron Ape 

Awe tHe. de, snprully, Mmpiaua, (4, 
soot cvtsel df taspuse, 1 mourshif.) 

a 9 Dewbns, Sono tak, enon aivk, crm ell. 
64, ms, nid Nerdy, foam atrany.) 


“=u Ok 2. OT Oe 
a eee Se eee 
a - ss — ea = = 


oe ee nde 
DS Se ee ee ee 
Cos.) eee? aoe 

Ek TT Soo 0 OCG, 


a eae 
APO. ee, 2 
ee Te ee 
a re nn 3 a 4 
Se a a Se 
a re ce ee 
Ina, “6. 2 = rot uae 
=. ‘me Zl Sl Te FOE 


"sk. AL 2 RoE YY Sle 
a= 

EOiy. 7. eer oz 
BL TUSSD om 3 Wit om te a 
mics coy 

= ry = i] a 


on, ee ee oh 
replied pall Se I r:3.) 


sro; sta scarcy; 

aitts. act. agsn. 

atAéw, 7 sisy om the jfiace, (atAls, 
c pute. } 

atAifopas, I am in the cour-yard ot 
the oten air, I biwouac. (avaAd, 4 
ecurtyard); fat. avAicopas, pert. 
4UAso pau, I aor. pass. yuAicOny. 

atiés, -ov, m. a flute, flageclet. 
(dnp, I blow.) 

atfavw, I increase; fat. avgycopal, 
perf. yb{nxa, (Lat. augeo, in trans 
itive sense.) 

atiptov, (adv.) fo-morrow. 

atria, (adv.) immediately; abrize 
para, instantly, 


VOCABULARF, 


avré0ev, (adv.) from the spot. 

atrd0t, (adv.) on the spot. 

avré-paros, <7, -ov, acting of oneself, 
of one’s own account, spontaneous ; 
é« Tov avro-parou, naturally. 

auré-podos, -ov, m. a_ deserter. 
(abrds, of oneself and podgety, 2 aor. 
of BAwoKw, I go.) 

atrés, -f, -d, (reflex. pron.) self; 
6 auros (ards), the same, neut. Td 
avro, contr. tratrév. 

atrod, (adv.) there. 

abv, -évos, m. neck, also a neck of 
land, isthmus. 

&d-atpéw, (Act.) J take away, (Mid.) 
I rescue; fut. -aipjow, perf. -ypnea, 
2 aor. dd-eiAor. 

G-davifw, I cause to disappear, put 
out of the way. (4, not, and gaiva, 


show.) 

&d-eX Eo Gar, dd-eMdpevos, 2 aor. mid. 
infin. and part. of dp-arpéw. 

&o-fow, fut. act. of dd-inu. 

G-$0ovla, -as, f. abundance, plenty. 
(d-pOovos.) 

d-p0ovos, -ov, ungrudging, plentiful. 
(4, not, and @Odvos, grudge.) 

&- (ype, J send away, dismiss, let go. 
(dard, away, and in, I send); fut. 
ad-how, I aor. dd-fjKa, perf. do- 
€ixa, perf. pass. dp-eipat. 

d&d-txvéopat, J come to, arrive, reach ; 
fut. dg-ifopa:, perf. pass, ad-iypat, 
2 aor. dp-ixdpunv. 

ad-lornpe, (Act.) I put away, set 
aside; fut. dwo-orjow, I aor. at- 
éornoa, Mid. and intrans. tenses of 
Act. I stand off, revolt, 2 aor. d- 
éorny, perf. dp-éornka. 

d-dpov, -ov, without sense, silly. (é, 
not, and pny, sense.) 

*"Axards, -d, -dv, Achaean, a native of 
the north coast of Peloponnesus. 
&x8opar, I am displeased, am vexed ; 
fut. dxOécopuat, perf. 7xOnpat, I aor. 

pass. 7X0écOny. 


187 


B. 


BaBvAdv, -dvos, f. Babylon, on the 
Euphrates, the capital of the Persian 
Empire. 

BaBvAwvia, -as, f. Babylonia, the 
flat country between the Tigris and 
Euphrates in their lower course. 

BafPvAdvus, -a, -ov, Babylonian. 

Badny, (adv.) slowly. (Balve, I go.) 

Badifo, I walk slowly (opposed to 
Tpéxw, I run). 

Baus, -eia, -v, deep. 

Batve, I go, depart; fut. Bhoopat, 
perf. BEBnna, 2 aor. €Bny. 

Baxrnpla, -as, f. a staff. 

BodAAw, I throw, hit (with stones) ; 
fut. Badw, perf. BEBAnxa, perf. pass. 
BéBAnpa, 2 aor. €Bador. 

BapBapixds, -7, -dv, barbarian (ap- 
plied to all who did not speak 
Greek). 

BdépBapos, -ov, strange, barbarian, 
foreigner (not Greek). 

Bapéus, (adv.) heavily ; Bapéws pépey 
Tt, to be annoyed at, to take a thing 
ill. B. dxovew, to be annoyed at 
hearing. 

Bas, 2 aor. part. of Baiver, 

Bacinted, -as, f. a queen. 

Bactvdla, -as, f. kingly power, 
kingdom, sovereignty, 

BactAaos, -ov, of or belonging to a 
king, royal (Bac.Aevs); Baol\eov 
(8@pa), a palace, gen. in plural. 

Bacrrevs, -éws, m. a hing. 

Bacretw, I am king, I reign; fut. 
BaciAevow. 

Baoipos, -ov, passable. (Balvu, I go.) 

BéBAnpar, perf. pass. of BarAAw. 

BéAos, -ovs, n. a missile, dart, arrow. 
(BdrAdAw, I throw.) 

BéAtioros, best, used as superl. of 
d-ya0ds; comp. BeAtlwv, better. 

Bijpo, -aros, n. a step, pace (=30 
inches). 

Bijvar, 2 aor. infin. act. from Baivos, 

Bia, -as, f. force, violence, Ria, by 
force. 


, 188 


Prdfopar, J force, compel; fut. Braco- 
pa; perf. BeBiacpa:. 

Bias, -oy, and -a, -ov, forcible, 
violent. (fia, force.) 

Bubvvol, -wv, m. the Bithynians, Thra- 
cian colonists in Asia Minor, East of 
the Bosporus (VIII. 162). 

Blos, -ov, m. life. 


hind I live, ee a living. 
vOn, -78, f. Bisanthe, a town in 


Thrace on the Propontis, after- 
wards called Rhaedestus, whence its 
modern name Rodosto. It is one 
of the best harbours on the northern 
coast of the Sea of Marmora. 

Braxeww, J am slack, am lazy. 

BPAawre, I hurt, injure; fut. BAdipo, 
perf. pass. BéBAappas, I aor. pass. 
éBAAHOny, 2 aor. pass. EBAGBY. 

Brétro, I see, look, behold; fut. 
BrAddo. 

BAnGelny, 1 aor. pass. opt. of BdAAw. 

Bode, I shout; fut. Bonoopa:, 1 aor. 
eBdnoa. 

Boh, -7s, f. a shout, batile cry. 

Bondéw, I run to the rescue, assist ; 
fut. BonOhow. 

Boiwrwos, -a, -ov, Boeotian, or inhabi- 
tant of Boeotia. 

p0s, -ov, m. a ditch, trench. 

Bovdevw, (Act.) I devise a plan, 
(Mid.) Z take counsel, deliberate, 
resolve; fut. BovAevow. (Bovdr, 
counsel.). 

Bov-Auudw, J suffer from ravenous 
hunger; fut. Bov-Ayudow. (Bove, 
an ox, ALpds, hunger.) 

Botdonan, I wish, desire; fut. BovAh- 
gopat, ais BeBovAnpas. 

, Bods, m. and f. an ox, cow. 

Bpadios, slowly, adv. from Bpadis, 


slow. 
Bpaxvs, -cia, -b, short. Comp. Bpa- 
xUr Epos, super]. Bpaxvraros. 
Bpéxw, I wet; perf. pass. BéBpeypat, 
I aor. pass. &BpéxOnv. 
Bpovrh, “Hs, f, thunder. 
os, -7, -dv, eatable; rd Bpwrdv, 
Jood (verb adj. of Bptroen, I eat). 


VOCABULARY. 


Bufavriov, -ov, n. Byzantium on the 
Bosporus (the modern Constantino- 
ple), so called after its founder, Byzas 
of Megara. 

Ba, 2 aor. subj. from Balre, 

Bopss, -ov, m. a raised place, an 
altar. 


r. 


yaArjvn, 7, f. a calm. 

yap, for = =yt dpa, never at the be 
ginning of a sentence, like Lat. 
enim; wai yap, for also, for even. 

TavAlrys, -ov, m. Gaulites, an exile 
from the island of Samos (J. 300). 

yé, at least, indeed, in truth. 

yeyévqpas, perf. from -yiyropas. 
yelrov, -ovos, m. and f. a neighbour. 

yerdo, I laugh; fat. yeAdoopa:, I 
aor, éyéAdoa. 

yéAws, -wros, laughter. (yeddo, I 
laugh.) 

yeAwro-movds, -dy, producing laughter, 
a buffoon. (yéAws, laughter, and 
woéw, I make.) 

yévos, -ovs, n. on race, descent, 
offspring. (ylyvopas, I am born.) 

Yéppov, ov, n. a wicker skield (covered 
with oxhide). 

Yépev, -ovTos, m. an old man. 

yevo, (Act.) I give to taste; 
I taste; fat. yevoopa:. 

yédipa, -as, f. a bridge. 
yeoins, -€s, carth-like, earthy. (+i, 
earth, and «lSos, form.) 

Yi» yas, £. the earth, i country. 

yiyvopa:, J come into being, am born, 
become; fut. yevnoopa:, perf. +ye- 
yernpat, 2 aor. éyervdpny, 2 perf. 
yéyova. yevéocOa, to prove ont 
self by act (to be distinguished from 
elvat, to be). 

Yyvecke, I get a knowledge of, learn, 
judge; fut. yywoopar, perf. é-yraxa, 
2 aor. €yvow. 

Tots, -ov, m. Glas, the son of 
Tamos: he accompanied Cyrus, and 
then joined Artaxerxes (IL. 117). . 

vows, 2 aor. Part. of yryvdones. 


(Mid.) 


VOCABULARY. 


yon, ~n8, f. judgment, sense, opinion, 
intention. 

yrooopar, future of yrryrwono. 

ToyyvtAos, -ov, m. Gongylus, a Eu- 
boean from Eretria, who had been 
presented with Pergamus by Xerxes 
(VIII. 509). 

yovevs, -évs, a father. In plural ol 
yoveis, parents. 

ypadw, I write; fut. ypdyo, perf. 
yéypapa, perf. pass. yéypappat. 

yupvaleo, I train, exercise, practise; 
fut. yupydow, 

yupvis, -ijros, m. a light-armed foot- 
soldier. 

Tupvias, Gymnias, the chief city of 
the Scythini, probably between the 
mountains west of the Taochi (V. 
278). 

Lia ae 7, -Ov, gymnastic 

yupvos, -4, -dy, naked, lightly clad. 

, Yyuvands, f. a woman, wife; 
voc, yuvat, dat. pl. yuvargi. 
A. 

Saxptw, J weep ; fut. Saxpiow. (8axpv, 
a tear.) 

Sdxtvdos, -ov, m. a finger. ddsrvdos 
TOU 0008, a toe. 

Sarravéew, J spend, waste; fut. Sara- 
now. (Sandyn, expense.) 

Sapeaxés, -o}, m. a Daric, i.e. a 
Persian gold coin first coined by 
Darius, in value about 16s. Coins 
are often called after rulers, as 
‘Napoleon,’ ‘Louis dor,’ ‘sove- 
reign.’ 

Aapetos, -ov, 6, Darius ITI, Nothus, 
king of Persia 423-405, B.C. 
(Darius I, Hystaspes, preceded 
Xerxes, and sent the expedition to 
Marathon. Darius III, Codomannus, 
was defeated by Alexander the 
Great.) 

Sacvs, -cia, -v, thick, hairy, rough, 
bushy. 

Sé, but Gua to pév) ; and (con- 
necting two clauses), now (con- 
tinuing a narrative). 


189 


Séepat, perf. pass. of 3éw, J bind. 
Sedu, 2 perf. part. of deidw. 
Soypar, perf. pass. of Soxéw, 
SéS5ouKa, perf. act. of Seid, 

SéSopar, perf. pass. of Sidwye. 

SeSpapnna, perf. act. with pres. 
Tpéxa. 

Sép, subjunctive of det. 

Set, (impers.) it is necessary, (with 
gen.) there is need of; fut. Senoe, 
(70 Séov, necessity.) 

Seibw, I fear; fut. dSefcopar, 1 aor. 
Zeca, perf. 5é3o:xa, 2 perf. déd:a, 
8éSorxa pi, I fear he will, 5€50xa 
ph) od, I fear he won't. 

Seluvupr, J show, explain; fut. dele, 
perf. pass. 5éS5ecypar. 

SelAn, -778, f. the hottest part of the day, 
the afternoon. 

Serds, -4, -cv, fearful, cowardly. 
(5éos, fear.) 

Sevds, -77, -dv, inspiring fear, terrible, 
dreadful. Sevds ieee. clever at 
speaking, a clever speaker. 

Sewds, adv. of Sewds, cerribly. Sewase 
éxeuvg@to be in straits. (8é0s, fear.) 
SetEat, 1 aor. infin. act. from Setavupe. 

Seamvéw, I take dinner or supper ; fut. 
denviow. 

Setmvov, -ov, n. dinner, supper (the 
chief meal of the day). 

Séxa, fen (indecl.). (Lat. decem.) 
AedAdol, -av, m. Delphi in Phocis, 
celebrated for its oracle (IV. 16). 

Sévdpov, -ov, n. a tree. 

Sefvés, -d, -dv, on the right hand (Lat. 
dexter). % Seftd (xelp), the right 
hand. 8¢f:dv Sovva: or Aafeiy, to 
give or take pledges. 

Aécévros, -ov, m. Dexippus, a Spartan, 
who got the Greeks into trouble 
with Cleander (VII. 244). 

Séor, opt. of Ses. 

Séopar, J need, want, ask; fut. Sehao- 
par (with gen.). 

Séppa, -aros, n. a skin, hide. (8épa, 
I flay.) 

Seopds, -o¥, m. a bond, fetter. (Sém, 
I bind.) 


190 


Setpo, (adv.) hither. 

Sevrepos, -a, -ov, second. (Svo, two.) 

Séxopar, I receive, accept; fut. 3éfo- 
pas, perf. 8é3eypar, 

Séw, I bind, fasten; fut. Show, perf. 
3é8exa, perf. pass. SéSeuar, 1 aor. 
pass. é3€0ny. 

Sée, I need, want, request ; fut. denoo., 
(Cp. Sf and Séopaz.) 

Sh, truly, assuredly ; ri 87, why then? 
Often emphasises a word, as évravda 
Sy, at this moment, (Lat. tum 
demum.) 

Sidos, -7, -ov, clear, certain, evident. 

SnAdw, I make clear, show, point out, 
declare; fut. SnAdow, perf. 5edh- 
Awta. (5nAos, clear.) 

Snpaywyto, I lead the people, am 
popular with (with accus.). (djpos, 
the people, and d-yw, I lead.) 

Sypdovos, -a, -ov, belonging to the 
people, public. ra Sydow, public 
property. 

Shou, (adv.) of course, doubtless. 

Sud, prep. with gen. and acc. I. with 
gen. i. of place, through; ii. of 
time, through, during, as 3d vueros, 
during night; iii, of the instru- 
ment, by means of. II. with accus, 
because of, on account of, as &a ri, 
why? lit. ‘on account of what?’ 
[Obs, &a cod, ‘by your means,’ bid 
o, ‘for your sake.”] In Composition, 
through, thoroughly, separately (Lat. 
dis-) as d:a-ri@nju, ‘I place separ- 
ately, i.e. ‘dispose’ (Lat. dts-pono); 
across, as in d:a-Baive, 

S1a-Balvw, J go through, cross; walk 
about; fut. -Bhoopat, perf, -BéByKa, 
2 aor. di-éBny. 

Sia-BadrAw, lit. J throw or carry over; 
(metaphorically) Z tear in pieces a 
man’s character, i.e. slander. 

Sud-Baors, -ews, f. a going over, 
passage, ford (of a river). 

Sia-Baréos, that must be crossed. 
d:a-Baréoy éorl, we must cross. 

S1a-Bards, -f, -dv, that can be crossed, 
passable (verbal adj. of d:a-Baiva). 


VOCABULA.RY, 


Sta-BrBalw, I carry over, carry across: 
fat. -Bi.Bdco. 

St-ayyéAAw, I send a message, inform; 
fut. de-ayyeA@, perf. Sc-fryyeAca, 
I aor. de-7yyetAa. 

Sv-ayxvAdo, I hold the javelin by the 
thong ready to shoot. (dd, and 
dyxvAn, the thong of a javelin.) 

Si-dyw, (1) J carry across; (2) I pass, 
spend (my life); fut. 3e-dge, perf. 
pass. -7-ypya. 

Sia-Bidwp, I give from hand to hand, 
distribute ; fat. -3vow. 

Sid-Soxos, -ov, m. and f. 
another's place, a successor. ( 
and 3éxopat, receive.) 

Std-xeipar, J am ina certain state, am 
disposed. grArKos dsaxetabas, to be 
Jriendly disposed (=pass. of da 
rlOnps, I dispose). 

Sua-xeAcvopar, I exhort, encourage, 
cheer on; fut. -xeAevoopas. 

Sia-kAde, I break in pieces ; imperf. 
-éxAay, I aor. -éxAdoa. 

Sia-Kémrrw, I cut through; fat. -xdypo. 

Sia-Kdor0t, -a, -a, two hundred. 

Sia-Aayxdvw, I divide by lot; fut. 
-Affopas, 2 aor. d:-éAaxor. 

Sta-Aéyw (Act.), I pick out, (Mid.) 
I discourse, converse (with dat.); 
fut. -Aéfopat, 


Sv-ap-tepés, (adv.) through and 
through, right through. (81a, dvd, 
and welpw, I pierce.) 


Sta-voéopar, I think over, intend, pur- 
pose ; fut. -vohoopat, perf, -vevdénya, 
I aor. pass. d:-evonOnyv. (Sia, and 
vous, the mind.) 

Sid-voua, -as, f. thought, purpose, in 
tention. 

Sva-mA tw, J sail over, sail across ; fut. 
emrevcopar, perf. pass. -wéwAev 
opas. 

Sta-tropevw, (Act.) Z carry over, 
(Mid.) Z pass across, march through. 

Siva-mpdrrw, (Act.) I accomplish, 
(Mid.) I stipulate, manage, nego- 
tiate; fut. -mpdfw, perf. pass. «sé 
Wpayyat. 


VOCABULARF. 


Sv-aprafe, I tear in pieces, spoil, 
plunder ; fut. -apwaow, perf. pass. 


pracpat. 

Sia-pplatre, J throw about, scatter. 

ppuprs, -ews, f. a scattering about, 

Sia-onpalvo, I point out, indicate; 
fut. -onpdty@, I aor. d-eohpnva. 

Sia-cxnvéw, (trans.) I place in se- 
parate tents, (intrans.) I encamp 
separately, 

Sta-omdw, I tear asunder, scatter ; 
fut. -omacopas. 

(pw, I scatter about,. disperse ; 
fut. -omep®, 2 aor. pass. dt-eondpyy. 

Sta-cdevSovdae, (Act.) I scatter as by 
a sling, (Pass.) I fly in pieces, as if 
hurléd from a sling. (opevdévn, a 
sling.) 

Sta-oKous, 2 aor. opt. from d:-éx. 

Std-oxXw, 2 aor. subj. from 5:-éxw. 

Bra-cwlw, I preserve to the end. (8:0, 
throughout, and ow(w, I preserve.) 

Sta-riGyye, (Act.) I place separately, 
arrange in order; (Mid.) I dispose 
of; fut. -6400. 

Sva-tpiBw, I wear away, spend, waste 
[xpévov], (Lat. tempus terere); 
delay; fut. -rplifw, 2 aor. pass. de- 
TpiBny. 

Sva-havas, (adv.) manifestly, plainly. 
(did, through, and paivw, I show.) 
Sia-pépw, (1) J carry over; (2) intrans. 

I differ from, excel; (impers.) 
diapéper, there is a difference; 
(Mid.) Z quarrel about (dygt 
Tivos); fut. d-oiow, 2 aor. di-hvey- 

Kov. 

Sia-hevyo, I flee through, escape safe 
away; fut. -pevgoua. . 

Sra-G0elpw, J destroy, kill; fut. 
-p0epa, perf. pass. 5:-EpOappau. 

SHdEo, fut. act. of 5:ddcnw. 

SuSdoxKados, -ov, m. a teacher, mas- 


ter. 

SSdonw, J teach, inform, show; fut. 
dd5dgw, perf. dedi5ayxa, I aor. pass. 
€5:5axOnv. 

StSdvat, pres. infin. from sfdop. 

Sidswpr, I give, offer; fut. vow, perf. 


191 
5é8ana, perf. pass. 3éSopar, I aor. 
é5axa (2 aor. in plural, é5oper, 
édore, é50cay), 2 aor, mid. éd6- 
pny. 3 

St-éxAwv, imperf. indic, of da-xAdw. 

Su-eAatww, I drive through, charge 
through ; fut. -eAdow or -€A0. 

Sv-épxopar, J go or pass through - 
2 aor. &:-7A Gov. 

Sv-EpOappar, perf. pass. of S:a-pOelpw. 

Sv-éxo, I divide; (intrans.) J am 
separated, am distant; fut. 5:-€fw or 
d:a-cxhow, 2 aor. di-ecxor. 

Sunyéopar, J go through a story, 
narrate; fut. -yyjoopat. 

Su-nykvAwpévos, perf. part. of d- 
aykvAdu. 

Su-lornpe, (Act.) J divide, (Mid. and 
intransitive tenses of Act.) I stand 
apart; fut. dia-crjow, 2 aor. dt- 
éorny. 

Sixatos, -a, -ov, just, fair. 
justice.) 

Stxalws, (adv.) justly, fairly, rightly. 

Slien, -78, f. justice, right, also penalty. 
Slenv AaBeiv, or EmOeivar, to inflict 
punishment, (Lat. poenas sumere ;) 
Sienv Sovvar, or Exew, to suffer 
punishment (Lat. poenas dare). 

Swéw, I whirl round. (divn, a whirl.) 

Si-opvrrw, I dig through, break 
through; fut. -opvgm, perf. pass. 
~opdspyypat, plupf. -wpapiypny. 

Sis, (adv.) swice. (Lat. bis.) 

Sus-x (Aron, -at, -a, two thousand, 

SipOépa, -as, f. a prepared hide, 
leather bag, wallet. 

Sidpos, -ov, m. properly the footboard 
of a war-chariot, hence a chariot, 
seat of a chariot, and generally a 
seat, 

Slxa, (adv.) in two parts, apart ; woveiv 
Sixa, to divide. 

Svokw, I pursue; fut. digo. 

Soypa, -aros, n. a resolution, decree. 

Solnv, 2 aor. opt. act. of Si8opu. 

Soxew, I think; (intrans.) I seem, 
(impers.) doxet pot, tt seems good to 
me; Ta 8Sedoypéva, resolutions; 


(din, 


| 


192 


&ofe ravra, these things were de- 
cided ; fut. 36g, 1 aor. é8ofa, perf. 
pass. 3é50ypar. 

BSAog, -ov, m. craft, trick, deceit. (Lat. 


Sénevos, 2 aor. mid. participle of 
Sidaps. 

Béka, -ns, f. (1) opinion ; (2) renown, 

ory (8oxéw). 

sife, future of 3oméa 

Sopxds, -ddos, f. a gazelle, so called 
from its bright eyes, from 3épxopat, 
I see. 

Sépu, -aros, n. a spear, lance. 

Sopu-ddpos, -ov, m. a spear-man; 
plur. body-guards. (dépu, a spear, 
and dépa, J bear.) 

8és. 2 aor. imperative of dfdwpu. 

» 2 aor, infin. mid. of Si5epe. 

SefAos, -ov, m. a slave. 

Sefvar, 2 aor. infin. act. of dfiSapu. 

Sovs, 2 aor. participle of SiSwpu. 

Apaxéyrios, -ov, m. Dracontius, a 
Spartan, president of the games at 
Trapezus (V. 328). 

Spapetv, Spapodv, 2 aor. inf. and part. 
with pres. tpéxa. 

. fut. with pres. rpéxo. 
éwavov, -ov, n. a scythe. (Spéra, 
Z pluck.) 
tAa, -dy, m. the Drilae, a people 
in Pontus, near Trapezus. 

“ou, M. a race, running ; quick 
pace, as in Spdyuq Oeiv, to run fast. 
(&-Bpap-oy 2 aor. with pres. zpé- 
xe, Z rus.) 


(Lat. copiae.) 


(Stvapat, 
I am able.) 


eorerere. fat. of S’vapat. 
Stve, I eink, set (of the sun); fut. 


Sdoopar, 2 20%. Edvv. 
Séo, dvoiy, two. (Lat. duo.) 


ora, -fe, f. @ sinking, setting. 
r¢ / att.) 


| 


VOCABULARY. 


Suo-mdp-ttos, -ov, hard to pass. (dus, 
hard, and ndp-e.yu, I pass.) 

Svc-tropos, -ov, hard to pass, (dus-, 
hard, and mépas, a passing.) 

Svc-xpnoros, -ov, hard to use, use 
less, unserviceable. (Sus-, hard, and 
xpéopat, I use.) 

Stw, I cause to enter; fut. S800; 
(Mid. and intrans. tenses) J sink, 
set; 2 aor. Suv. 

88, 2 aor. subj. act. of 3iSapu. 

SaHdexa, twelve. 

Swpéopar, I present with; fut. dwph- 
copa. (dHpor, a gift.) 

SGpov, -ov, n. a gift, present, (Sidap, 
I give.) 

Seow, future of Sidaps. 


E. 


€, gen. ov, dat. of, (Lat. se, sui, sibi) 
himself, but used as personal pronoun, 
him. 

édv, Ss ay) if even, if (always takes 
subj.). 

éGv, pres. inf. of édw. 

éavutov, -hv, -6, himself, herself, itself. 

éaw, I let, permit, leave alone; fut. 
édoo, I aor. elaca. 

¢-Badov, 2 aor. of B&AAw. 

éBSop.qKovra, seventy. 

é-Byv, 2 aor. of Balva, 

€-BAROnv, 1 aor. pass. of BAA. 

é-BovAyslaca, I aor. act. of Boule 
pedos, 

é-Béwv, impf. ind. of Bode. 

éyyvs, (adv.) near, nearly; compart. 
éyyvrepov and éyyurépw; super. 
éyyurara and éyyutaro. 

é-yéAwv, impf. ind. of yeAda. 

é-yevounv, 2 aor. of yiyvopat. 

éy-kadéw, J call in; (with dat.) bring 
a charge against; fut. -«aréow. 
(év, and «adéu, I call.) 

€y-neyrar. I lie in, am placed in; 
fut. -Keicopas. 


- €y-Kéados, -ov, within the head, sc 


pvedos, the pith of the palm. 
TAVWVAN, 2 aor. af YeYwdoxa, 


VOCABULARY. 


dye, pers. pron. 7, Whenever inserted, 
it is emphatic, J myself (as opposed 
to some one else); épov, épol, ene 
are also emphatic: prov, por, pe, are 
the usual or non-emphatic forms. 

gywye, I for my part. 

a barrava, bee Get of nage 

€-5efOnv, 1 aor. pass. of S€opaz, J want. 

cae ae of Set. = 

€-Sefa, 1 aor. of Selaxvupe. 

€Serca, 1 aor. of Seidw. 

€-Syoa, 1 aor. of 5éw, I bind. 

€-8(Souv, for édiday, impf. of dio. 

€Sopar, fut. with pres. odie. 

€-Sépnyyv, 2 aor. mid, of didupu. 

€-Sofa, 1 aor. of Sonéw. 

é-Socav, 3 pl. 2 aor. of didwps (€dwxa 
is used in the sing.). 

€-Spapov, 2 aor. with pres. tpéxw. 

€-Stve, 2 sing. impf. of duvapas. 

€Suxa, I aor. yeaa 

éLnv, 2 aor. of (aw, 

Z-bavov, 2 aor. of OvfiaoKw. 

€cAovriis, -od, m. a.volunteer. 

€0édw, I wish, am willing ; fut. 0¢- 
Ajow, I aor. 7,6éAnea. 

€-Oeopnyv, impf. ind. of Pedopar. 

éOedpouv, impf. ind. of Bewpéw. 

<Ovos, -ovs, n. @ nation, tribe. 

el, (conj.) if (with ind. and opt., never 
with the subj.): after verbs of 
deliberating (as BovAevec0a), whe- 
ther; el pr), unless, 

eiSelnv, opt. of ofda. 

edévat, infinitive of of8a. 

elSov, 2 aor. with pres. dpdo. 

elS0s, -ovs, n. an appearance, form 
(iSetv used as 2 aor. of dpa). 

efSe, subj. of offa, 

elSeas, participle of of8a, 

eixdfw, I make like, conjecture, guess ; 
fut. elxdow. 

eixés, elxdros, n. likely, reasonable 
(neuter of the participle of gotKa, 
shortened from éo:xds); ws elxds, 
as is probable, 

etxoot, Awenty, 

* elxw, see oka. 


ei-Anppat, perf. pass, of AapBava, 


193 


ef-Anoa, perf. act. of AapBdyw. 

elAxov, impf. act. of Ac. 

etXépnv, I chose; 2 aor. mid. with 
pres. alpéw. 

elAov, 2 aor. act. with pres. alpéw. 

eipl, Iam; fut. €vopuat, impf. Hv ; dort 
po, I have; obx gore, it is impossible. 

et, I shall go (Lat. ibo); imperf. 
pee, imperat. i, infin. lévas, verb. 
adj. iréov, one must go. 

ela, I aor. with pres, pnyl. 

eivépny, impf. of Eropar. 

elrrov, 2 aor. with pres. pnpi. 

eipyaopat, perf. pass. of épydCopat. 

eipyov, imperf. ind. of eipyw. 

eipyw, I shut out, exclude ; fut. eiptw. 

cipynxa, I have said, perf. with pres. 
gnpt; pf. pass. efpnpat, 1 aor. pass. 
éppnOnv. 

eipyyy, -ns, f. peace. 

els, prep. with accus, only, I. of place, 
into, fo; II. of time, as els €owépay, 
towards evening ; els riy borepaiay, 
for the next day; I. with numerals, 
as eis éxardv, up to a hundred, i.e. 
as much as a hundred; 1V. of pur- 
pose, for, with regard to, as eis rd5«, 
for this purpose. In Composition, 
into, 10. 

els, pia, év; gen. évds, puds, évds, 
one, 

eis-dyw, I lead into, introduce; fut. 
-dfo), 2 aor. -fya7yov. 

eis-axovtifw, Z throw javelins into. 
(deovriov, a javelin.) 

els-Svopat, J enter into; fut. -bvoopaz, 
2 aor. els-é5uy. 

eis-epu, I go into, enter. 

els-épxopar, I come into, enter; fut. 
-eAevoopat, 2 aor, -7AGov. 

ets-oS0s, -ov, f. an entrance. 
into, and 680s, way.) 

eis-1ySaw, I leap into; fut. -rndqow. 

cis-nintw, I fall into; fall upon, 
attack; fut, -meoovpat, 2 aor. 
-émegoy, 

elornnetv, J was standing ; pluperf. of 
iornm, but intrans, and used a Von 
imperf. of tornna, LT stand. 


(els, 


184 


dtr-ept, I am away, am distant. (awd 
and elp?, I am.) 

an-exptvapyv, 1 aor. of dao-xpivopat. 

a&w-eXavve, I drive away; (intrans.) 
I march away, ride away. 

an-épxopat, I go away, depart; for 
the fut. dw-ecyu, 2 aor. da-7RAOov. 

Gn-exPdvopar, I am hated, become 
odious; fut, dm-ex6hoopa:, 2 aor. 
dx-nxOdpny, perf. an-7xOn pas. 

daw-éxw, (with gen.) I keep off, (of a 
place) am distant from; 2 aor. 
an-éo yor. 

dq-fAAaypat, perf. pass. of dr- 
adAdrro. 

an-ivrnoa, 1 aor. of dr-avrdw. 

é-moréw, I disbelieve, distrust. (4, 
not, and mlaris, belief.) 

é-mortia, -as, f. disbelief, faithlessness. 

d-wieros, -0s, -ov, untrustworthy, un- 
faithful. (4, not, and micros, trust- 
worthy.) 

ax-ttéov, one must go away (verbal 
adjective from Gz-erpt). 

awd, (prep. with gen. only); (Lat. ab): 
I. of place, off from, away from. 
II. of time, from, after, since: III. 
of origin and cause, proceeding from, 
as dnd moAeplow odfos, fear caused 
by the enemy. Before an aspirated 
vowel did becomes ad’, as ad’ 
famwov, on horseback, lit. ‘from his 
horse.’ In Composition, from, off, 
away. 

G2r0-Balve, (1) J go away, go off: (3) 
dismount (immov): (3) disembark 
(vews); 2 aor. dn-éBny, fut. dao- 
Bhoopa. 

dtro-Béddw, I throw away, lose; 
fut. dwo-BadG@, 2 aor. dm-éBador. 

Go-Brétrw, I look eagerly. 

ato-5éSpaxa, perf. act. of do-d:5pa- 
oKo. | 

Grro-Seicvupr, I point out, declare, 
appoint; fut. dao-5eifo. 

Gwo-Séxopat, I accept; fut. dro-8é- 
fopar. 

dtro-5nyéw, I am abroad, go abroad. 

(G70, away, and &pyos, home.) 


VOCABULARY, 


Gwro-Siipaoxew, I run away, escape 
(so as not to be found); fut. 
-Spdooya, perf. -é5paxa, 2 aor. 
dw-€5 


w-€3pay. 

Gro-BiSwpr, (Act.) I give back, 
restore, (Mid.) J sell, fut. -Swoo, perf. 
-5é8mxa, 2 aor. mid. dn-eddpuny. 

Gtro-Spavar, 2 aor. infin. of dao-b- 
Spdoxw. 

G1ro-OvijoKe, I die, I am put to death; 
fut. -Oayovpas, perf. -ré0vnxa, 2 aor. 
dr-é0avoy. It is used instead of 
the passive of dro-«relvw, I kill. 

Gr-ovxos, -ov, away from home, (dd, 
and ofxos home) ; hence a colonist. 


— dno-nalo, I burn off; dw-exalovro ai 


pives, their noses were being frozen 
off (or frost-bitten) ; fut. -cavow. 

dtro-kdpive, I grow quite weary, faint; 
fut. -eapotpat, perf. -xéxpnea, 2 
aor. dw-éxapov. 

Gwo-xplvopar, I answer, reply; fut. 
-KpivoUpat, I aor. -expivdyny, perf. 
oncéxepipian. 

Gtro-xpvumrw, (Act.) I hide from, 
(Mid.) I conceal; fut. -«ptww, 1 aor. 
dn-éxpuiypa. 

d1o-xtelvo, I put to death, kill; fut. 
-KTeva), I aor. dn-éxrewa, 2 aor. 
dir-éxravoy. [For the Pass, dwo- 
OvfioKw is used.] 

Grro-AapBavw, I take back, receive 
back, recover; fut. -Afopas. perf. 
dn-eiAnga, 2 aor. dn-éAaBov. 

Gwo-helwe, I leave behind, desert, 

- abandon; fut.-A€lbo, perf. -r Accra, 
2 aor. dm-é\tTov, 

Gw-dddupr, (Act.) I destroy, Kill, 
(Mid.) Z perish; fut. da-oAw, I aor. 
dn-wAeoa, 2 aor. mid. dx-wAdpunr, 
2 perf. dw-dAmAa, I am undone. 

"Amé\Awv, -ovos, acc. "AmdAXAw, m. 
the god Apollo. 

amo-népmw, I send off, discharge; 
fut. -mépibo. 

dtro-wiéw, J sail away; fut. -rrevo0- 
pat, I aor. d-érAevoa. 

a-ropéw, I am without resources, am 
in difficulties (G-nopos), 


VOCABULARF. 


. G-tropla, -as, f. difficulty, distress. 
(rpopis dwopla, want of food.) 

G-wopos, -ov, (1) without resources ; 
(2) of rivers, etc., impassable ; 
év dwdpos elvas, to be in difficul- 
ties. 

G&wo-ppof, -Syos, broken off, steep, 
rugged. (dwd, off, and pyyvupt, 
I break). 


a&tro-ovjropa:, I rot off, am frost- | 


bitten ; 2 perf. dao-céonma. 

awo-ondo, I draw away, draw of; 
fut. omdow, perf. dn-éowdna, perf. 
pass. -éomacpat. 

awo-oravpow, I fence off with a 
palisade; fut.-cravpdow. (oravpods, 
a palisade,) 

é&mo-aoréAXw, I send awny, despatch; 
fut. -oTeA@, I aor. da-éoreAa. 

amro-orepiw, I rob, deprive of; (with 
acc. and gen. or with double acc.) ; 
perf. dn-eorépyxa. 

atro-orpédw, J turn back, recall; fut. 
-oTpébo, perf. dn-éorpopa. 

airo-colw, I save or restore again, 
bring back safe. 

dro-tappetw, I fence off with a 
ditch. (rddpos, a ditch.) 

awwo-relvw, I stretch out, extend; fut. 
-Trev@, I aor. dm-érewa, perf. pass. 
dtro-rérapa. 

atro-répve, I cut off; fut. -repa, perf. 
-rérunka, I aor. pass. da-erpnOny, 
2 aor. da-érapor, 

atro-rpérw, I turn back, turn away; 


perf. -rérpoda, perf. pass. -rérpap- 


peas. 
&tro-tpéxw, I run off, run away; 
fut. -dpayotpa:r, 2 aor. dm-é5pa- 


prov. 

atro-dalvw, show, display; fut.-pava, 
I aor. dn-épyva, (Mid.), J declare 
(Thy yopnv). 

Gtro-hevyw, J escape; fut. -pevfopa:, 
2 aor. dn-épu yoy. 

&rrd-dnvar, I aor. imp. middle of d:ro- 

a 


gaivo. 
Gtro-xwpéwo, I depart from, retire,. 
retreat, 


185 


aw-dv, -dvros, distant; pres. part. of 
dr-ecpe II. 

&pa, (particle), so, therefore, then. 
(Lat. igitur.) 

&pa, = Lat. num, in asking a question, 
as dpa tori, is it so? 

*ApaBla, -as, f. Arabia, used of all 
countries inhabited by nomad Arabs, ~ 
so even of the south of Mesopota- 
mia, still called Irak-al-Arabi. 

d-pyds, -év, idle, lazy. (4, not, and 
épydy, work.) 

apyés, -4, -bv, white, bright. 

apyupeds, -a, -ov, made of silver. 

dpyvpvov, -ov (dim. of dpyupos), silver, 
money. (Cp. the French argent.] 
dpyupos, -ov, m. silver. 

dperh, -7s, f. virtue, excellence, bravery. 

*Aptatios, -ov, m. Ariaeus, who com- 

* manded under Cyrus, but went over 
to the Persians after Cyrus’ death. 

d&pvOndg, -ov, m. number (of an army), 
a muster. 

*Aplorapxos, -ov, m. Aristarchus, the 
Spartan ‘harmost’ or governor of 
Byzantium (Constantinople). 

dpiordw, I breakfast, lunch; fut. dpe- 
orhow., (Lat. prandeo.) 

Gptorepos, -4, -dv, the left. (ev 
dporepa, on the left hand.) 

Gptorov, ov, n. the morning or mid- 
day meal, breakfast, lunch. 

dptorro-movéw, (Act.) I prepare break- 
fast or lunch, (Mid.) I breakfast, 
lunch; fut. -mwowoo. 


dptoros, best, used as superlative of 


és. 

"Aptoravupog, -ov, m. Aristonymus, 
a brave Arcadian captain (V. 265). 

’*Apxds, -a50s, an Arcadian. 

dpkéw, I am sufficient, avail; fut. 
dpréoo, 

dpxros, -ov. m. and f. a bear, the 
constellation ‘ Ursa Major,’ or the 
Great Bear, hence the north. 

Gppa, -aros, n. a chariot. 

app-duagta, -7s, f. a covered carriage, 
wag gonette. 

*Appevia, -cs, f. Armenia, the odd 


186 


mountainous country near the 
sources of the Euphrates. 

"Appyyy, -ns, f. Harmene, harbour of 
Sinope (VI. 371). 

d&ppoorys, -ov, m. an officer sent by 
the Spartans to govern their depen- 
dencies, a governor, ‘ harmost.’ (dp- 
p(w, I put in order.) 

dpray%h, -78, f. plunder, booty. 

apmalw, I seize, plunder, carry off; 
fut. dpmdoa, perf. pass. #pracpas. 

“Aptrucog, -ov, m. the river Harpasus, 
perhaps a branch of the Armenian 
Araxes, now the Arpa-Chai. Or 
the Tchoruk-Su, flowing north- 
westward into the Euxine near the 
modern town of Batoum, (See 
note to V. 277). 

"Aptayépons, -ov, m. Artagerses, a 
general of the Persian cavalry whom 
Cyrus killed (II. 73). 

‘ApragépEns, -ov, m. Artaxerxes IT, 
Mnemon, the son of Darius II, 
Nothus: king of Persia 405-360, 
B.c. (Artaxerxes I, Longimanus, 
preceded Darius II.) 

"Aptatrarys, -ov, m. Artapates, one of 
Cyrus’ attendants (I. 278). 

“Apreuts, -5os, f.: (1) the Greek 
Artemis, Roman Diana, sister of 
Apollo, armed with arrows: (2) 
the Ephesian Artemis, an Asiatic 
Venus. 

Gort, (adv.) just now, lately. 

dptog, ov, m. bread, a loaf. 

*Apvotas, ov, m. Arysfas, an Arca- 
dian (VIII. 207). 

Gpxatos, -a, -ov, old, ancient; 6 
dpxaios, the elder; 1d apxatoy, 
formerly. (dpxh, beginning,) 

apxy, -78, f. (1) beginning ; (2) rule, 
dominion, government, province. 

&pxw, (Act.) J command, (Mid.) I 
begin; of dpxovres, the rulers; fut. 
dpfo, perf. #pxa. 

d-ocBijs, -és, ungodly, impious. (4, 
not, and oéBopa, I worship.) 

d-obevéw, J am weak, am sick, am ill. 

(4, xot, and abevéw, I am strong.) 


VOCABULARY. 


"Acia, -as, f. Asia, or rather the . 
western part of Asia then known, 
divided by the river Halys. 

*AovSarns, -ov, m. A sidates, a Persian 
noble (VIII. 510). 

Aotvaios, -a, ov, Asinean, or be- 
longing to Asine, a town in Laco- 
nia near Taenarus. 

d-ovros, -ov, without food. (a, not, 
and otros, food.) 

doxds, -ov, m. a leather-bag, a bottle. 

dopevos, -7, -ov, pleased, glad, joyful. 

domdfopor, I welcome, embrace, bid 
farewell; fut. domdcopas, 

dons, -idos, f. alarge shield, covering 
the whole body. (Lat. clypeus.) 

d-odarela, -as, safety (d-opadns). 

a-opaAns, -és, safe, lit. ‘ not liable to 
trip.’ (d, nol, and opddAAw, I trip 


up.) 

d-opadds, safely, (adv. of dopadrs.) 

d-raxtos, -ov, undisciplined, in disor- 
der. (d, not, and rarrw, I arrange.) 

d-ragla, -as, f. want of discipline, 
disorder. 

arap, but, however, (conj.) introducing 
a correction of what has been said 
before. (Lat. at.) 

drplfo, I steam or smoke. (drp0s, 
steam.) 

d-rpBns, -é8, untrodden, lit. ‘not 
rubbed.’ (d, not, and rpiBw, I rub.) 

at, (adv.) again; on the contrary; 
moreover. 

avéis, (adv.) again. 

atrAéw, I play on the flute, (addrds, 
a flute.) 

avAiLopas, I am in the courtyard ot 
the open air, I bivouac. (addr), a 
courtyard); fut. avAlcopas, perf. 
HvAto pou, I aor, pass. nUALGONY. 

avAds, -ov, m. a flute, flageolet. 
(dnt, I blow.) 

atédvw, I increase; fut. abffoopa, 
perf. 7ufnxa. (Lat. augeo, in trans 
itive sense.) 

avpuov, (adv.) to-morrow. 

airixa, (adv.) immediately; adrixa 


pods, instantly, 


VOCABULARF, 


atré6ev, (adv.) from the spot. 

avré0, (adv.) on the spot. 

atré-paros, <7, -ov, acting of oneself, 
of one’s own account, spontaneous ; 
é« Tov abro-parov, naturally. 


avrdé-podog, -ov, m. a _ deserter. 
(airs, of oneself and podeiy, 2 aor. 
of BAdwoxw, I go.) 


aurés, ~f, -6, (reflex. pron.) self; 
6 abrds (aids), the same, neut. 7d 
avro, contr. tatréy. 

atvrod, (adv.) there. 

avxiy, -évos, m. neck, also a neck of 
land, isthmus. 

&-arpéw, (Act.) I take away, (Mid.) 
I rescue; fut. -aippow, perf. -ypyea, 
2 aor. dd-ciroy. 

G-pavife, I cause to disappear, put 
out of the way. (4, not, and paiva, 
I show.) 

&dh-eREcOar, dd-ehdpevos, 2 aor. mid. 
infin, and part. of ddp-a:péw. 

&op-fow, fut. act. of dp-inut. 

G-0ovia, -as, f. abundance, plenty. 
(d-pOovos.) 

d-p0ovos, -ov, ungrudging, plentiful. 
(4, not, and @Odvos, grudge.) 

&q- (ypu, I send away, dismiss, let go. 
(d1rd, away, and inju, Z send); fut. 
adp-fow, I aor. dd-jKa, perf. dg- 
etka, perf. pass. dp-etyar. 

d&d-txvéopar, I come to, arrive, reach ; 
fut. dgelfopa:, perf. pass. dp-iypat, 
2 aor. dp-cxdpny. 

ad-lormpr, (Act.) I put away, set 
aside; fut. dwo-orhow, I aor. dn- 
éornoa, Mid. and intrans. tenses of 
Act, I stand off, revolt, 2 aor. dn- 
éorny, perf. dp-éornka. 

G-ppwv, -oy, without sense, silly. (4, 
not, and ppiy, sense.) 

"Axatds, -4, -dv, Achaean, a native of 
the north coast of Peloponnesus. 
&Oopat, J am displeased, am vexed ; 
fut. dxOécopar, perf. #xOnpat, I aor. 

pass. )x0écOnv. 


187 


B. 


BaBvAdv, -dvos, f. Babylon, on the 
Euphrates, the capital of the Persian 
Empire. 

BaBvAwvia, -as, f. Babylonia, the 
flat country between the Tigris and 
Euphrates in their lower course. 

BaPvAdvus, -a, -ov, Babylonian. 

Badyy, (adv.) slowly. (Baivw, I go.) 

Badlw, I walk slowly (opposed to 
Tpéxw, I run). 

Padus, -cia, -v, deep. 

Balvw, I go, depart; fut. Bhoopat, 
perf. BéBnra, 2 aor. €Bny. 

Baxrnpla, -as, f. a staff. 

w, I throw, hit (with stones); 
fut. Badw, perf. BEBAnxKa, perf. pass. 
BéBAnpat, 2 aor. €Badov. 

BapBapixds, -7, -dv, barbarian (ap- 
plied to all who did not speak 
Greek). 

BdapBapos, -ov, strange, barbarian, 
foreigner (not Greek). 

Bapéws, (adv.) heavily; Bapéws pépew 
tt, to be annoyed at, to take a thing 
ill. B. dwovew, to be annoyed at 
hearing. 

Bas, 2 aor. part. of Baliye. 

Bacidet, -as, f. a queen. 

Baowrela, -as, f. kingly power, 
kingdom, sovereignty, 

BactAevos, -ov, of or belonging to a 
king, royal (BacwAvevs); BaclAevov 
(Sma), a palace, gen. in plural. 

evs, -éws, m. a hing. 

Bacrrketwo, I am king, I reign; fut. 
BacirAevow. 

Baorpos, -ov, passable. (Balva, I go.) 

BéBAnpar, perf. pass. of B4AAw. 

BéAos, -ovs, n. a missile, dart, arrow. 
(BadAw, I throw.) 

BéArvoros, best, used as superl. of 
d-ya0ds; comp. BeAtlwv, betéer. 

Bijpa, -aros, n. a step, pace (=30 
inches). 

Bijvat, 2 aor. infin. act. from Baiver, 

Bla, -as, f. force, violence; Bia, by 
force. 


, 188 


Brdfopar, J force, compel ; fut. Braco- 
pos; perf, BeBlacpa:. 

Blaros, -ov, and -a, -ov, forcible, 
violent. (Bia, force.) 

BuOuvol, -av, m. the Bithynians, Thra- 
cian colonists in Asia Minor, East of 
the Bosporus (VIII. 162). 

Blos, -ov, m. life. 

vorevo, I live, get a living, 

vodvOn, -78, f. Bisanthe, a town in 
Thrace on the Propontis, after- 
wards called Rhaedestus, whence its 
modern name Rodosto. It is one 
of the best harbours on the northern 
coast of the Sea of Marmora. 

BAaxetw, J am slack, am lazy. 

BPrAdwro, J hurt, injure; fut. Brdyo, 
perf. pass. BéBAapyou, I aor. pass. 
€BAAPEnv, 2 aor. pass. EBAGBY. 

BAéww, I see, look, behold; fut. 
Brépo. 

BAnOelnv, 1 aor. pass. opt. of BaAAw. 

Bodw, I shout; fut. Boncopa:, I aor. 
éBdnoa. 

Bon, -7s, f. a shout, battle cry. 

Bondéw, I run to the rescue, assist ; 
fut. BonOjow. 

Boidrios, -a, -ov, Boeotian, or inhabi- 
tant of Boeotia. 

BéOpos, -ov, m. a ditch, trench. 

BovAevw, (Act.) I devise a plan, 
(Mid.) Z take counsel, deliberate, 
resolve; fut, Bovdevow, (BovdAr), 
counsel.). 

Bov-Aipidw, J suffer from ravenous 
hunger; fut. Bov-Amudow. (Bois, 
an ox, Atmos, hunger.) 

BovAopar, I wish, desire; fut. Bovdn- 
copat, perf. BeBovAnpat. 

Bots, Bods, m. and f. an ox, cow. 

Bpadews, slowly, adv. from Bpadis, 
slow. 

Bpaxus, -cia, -, short. Comp. Bpa- 
xUrepos, superl. Bpaxvraros. 

Bpéxw, I wet; perf. pass. BéBpeypat, 
I aor. pass. €BpéxOnv. 

Bpovrn, -7s, f. thunder. 

Apwreés, -7, -dv, eatable; 7d Bpwrdyv, 

Jood (verb adj. of Bpwakw, I eat). 


VOCABULARYF. 


Bufavriov, -ov, n. Byzantium on the 
Bosporus (the modern Constantino- 
ple), so called after its founder, Byzas 
of Megara. 

BS, 2 aor. subj. from Balye, 

Bwpds, -o}, m. a raised place, an 
altar. 


r. 


yoArvn, -78, f. a calm. 

yap, for=yé dpa, never at the be 
ginning of a sentence, like Lat. 
enim; wai yap, for also, for even. 

TavAlrys, -ov, m. Gaulites, an exile 
from the island of Samos (J. 300). 

yé, at least, indeed, in truth. 

yeyévnpat, perf. from yi-yropaz. 
yeltov, -ovos, m. and f. a neighbour. 

yeddw, I laugh; fat. yeAdoopa, 1 
aor. éyéAdoa. 

yéAws, -wros, laughter. (yeddo, I 
laugh.) 

yeAwro-trovds, -dv, producing laughter, 
a buffoon. (yéAws, laughter, and 
motéw, I make.) 

yévos, -ovs, n. birth, race, descent, 
offspring. (ylyvopas, I am born.) 

Y&ppov, ov, n. a wicker shield (covered 
with oxhide). 

Yépev, -ov7os, m. an old man. 

yevu, (Act.) I give to taste; (Mid.) 
I taste; fut. yeboopas. 

yéipa, -as, f. a bridge. 

yewdns, -€s, earth-like, earthy. (yi 
earth, and el5os, form.) 

Yi, yas, f. the earth, land, country. 

yiyvopa, I come into being, am born, 
become; fut. yevnoopat, perf. ye 
yévnuat, 2 aor. éyevduny, 2 perf. 
yéyova. ‘yevécOa, to prove ont 
self by act (to be distinguished from 
elvat, to be), 

Yyvockw, I get a knowledge of, learn, 
judge; fut. ywwoopat, perf. éyvoun, 
2 aor. éyvow. 

T'Aots, -ov, m. Gliis, the son of 
Tamos; he accompanied Cyrus, and 
then joined Artaxerxes (II. 117). . 

rods, 2 aor. part. af qeyacre, 


VOCABULARY, 


yvoun, -78, f. judgment, sense, opinion, 
intention. 

yvooopat, future of yiyrdonw. 

ToyytAos, -ov, m. Gongylus, a Eu- 
boean from Eretria, who had been 
presented with Pergamus by Xerxes 
(VIII. 509). 

yovets, -éas, a father. In plural of 
yoveis, parents. 

» I write; fut. ypdyo, perf. 
yéypapa, perf. pass. yéypappat. 
yupvato, I train, exercise, practise; 

fut. yupvdow, 
Yupvis, -7j7T0s, m. a light-armed foot- 
soldi 


ier. 

Tupvias, Gymnias, the chief city of 
the Scythini, probably between the 
mountains west of the Taochi (V. 
278). 

yupvucés, -77, -dy, gymnastic. 

yupevos, -f, -dy, naked, lightly clad. 

, yuvawés, f. a woman, wife; 
voc. yuvat, dat. pl. yuvaifi. 


A. 

Saxptw, Z weep ; fut. 3axptoo. (8axpv, 
a tear.) 

SaurvAos, -ov, m. a finger. Sdxrvdos 
TOU woods, a toe. 

Satravéw, I spend, waste; fut. dana- 
yhow. (Sardyn, expense.) 

Sapeands, -o8, m. a Daric, i.e. a 
Persian gold coin first coined by 
Darius, in value about 16s. Coins 
are often called after rulers, as 
6 Napoleon,’ ‘Louis d’or,’ ‘ sove- 


reign. 

Aapetos, -ov, 6, Darius IT, Nothus, 
king of Persia 423-405, B.C. 
(Darius I, MHystaspes, preceded 
Xerxes, and sent the expedition to 
Marathon. Darius III, Codomannus, 
was defeated by Alexander the 
Great.) 

Sacvs, -cia, -v, thick, hairy, rough, 
bushy. 

&é, but (answering to pév) ; and (con- 
necting two clauses), now (con- 
tinuing a narrative). 


189 


SéSepat, perf. pass. of 3d, I bind. 
SeSres, 2 perf. part. of Sei5w. 
Séoypar, perf. pass. of Soxéw, 
SéSouna, perf. act. of Seid. 

SSopatr, perf. pass. of SiSwpe. 

SeSpapynxa, perf. act. with pres. 
Tpéxor. 

Sép, subjunctive of dei. 

Set, (impers.) é& ts necessary, (with 
gen.) there is need of; fut. Senoet. 
(70 Séov, necessity.) 

Sedo, I fear; fut. defcopuat, 1 aor. 
édeca, perf. S5é5ouxa, 2 perf. déka. 
3é50xa yr), I fear he will, d€50xa 
pn od, I fear he won't. 

Selcvupr, I show, explain; fut. dele, 

rf. pass. 3é3erypas. 

SelAn, ~78, f. the hottest part of the day, 
the afternoon. 

Serds, -4, -dv, fearful, cowardly. 
(5é0s, fear.) 

Sewvés, -4, -dv, inspiring fear, terrible, 
Greadful. B8evds Aédyav, clever at 
speaking, a clever speaker. 

Sewds, adv. of Sevds, terribly. Sevie 
éxew gto be in straits. (dos, fear.) 

Setar, 1 aor. infin. act. from Seixvups. 

Semvéw, J take dinner or supper ; fut. 
decmvnow. 

Seinrvov, -ov, n. dinner, supper (the 
chief meal of the day). 

Séa, ten (indecl.). (Lat. decem.) 
Ae\dgol, -dv, m. Delphi in Phocis, 
celebrated for its oracle (IV. 16). 

SévSpov, -ou, n. a tree. 

Sefvos, -d, -dv, on the right hand (Lat. 
dexter). % Sefid (xelp), the right 
hand. Sefidy 80dva or AaBeiv, to 

ive or take pledges. 

Ackurnos, -ov, m. Dexippus, a Spartan, 
who got the Greeks into trouble 
with Cleander (VII. 244). 

Séor, opt. of dee. 

Séopar, J need, want, ask; fut. 8ehoo- 
pat (with gen.). 

Séppa, -aros, n. a skin, hide. (Sépa, 
I flay.) 

Seop.ds, -ov, m. a bond, fetter. (8éa, 
I bind.) 


190 


Seipo, (adv.) hither. 

Sevrepos, -a, -ov, second. (800, two.) 

Séxopar, I receive, accept; fut. Séfo- 
pat, perf, 8édeypar. 

Séw, I bind, fasten; fut. S40, perf. 
Sé5exa, perf. pass. Sé5enar, 1 aor. 
pass. €5€0ny. 

Séw, I need, want, request ; fut. dejow. 
(Cp. Se? and Séopaz.) 

Sh, truly, assuredly; ri 5), why then? 
Often emphasises a word, as évravda 
Si, at this moment, (Lat. tum 
demum.) 

SijAos, -7, -ov, clear, certain, evident. 

SyAdw, I make clear, show, point out, 
declare; fut. SnAdoow, perf. 5€dh- 
Aaxa, (5708, clear.) 

Sypaywyéw, I lead the people, am 
popular with (with accus.). (S7po0s, 
the people, and dyw, I lead.) 

Sypdoros, -a, -ov, belonging to the 
people, public. ta 8npdora, public 
properly. 

Show, (adv.) of course, doubtless. 

Sua, prep. with gen. and acc, I. with 
gen. i. of place, through; ii. of 
time, through, during, as 5d vueros, 
during night; iii, of the instru- 
ment, by means of. II. with accus. 
because of, on account of, as 5d 7?, 
why? lit. ‘on account of what?’ 
[Obs, &a aod, ‘by your means,’ did 
o@, ‘for your sake.’ | In Composition, 
through, thoroughly, separately (Lat. 
dis-) as 8a-riOnps, ‘1 place separ- 
ately,’ i.e. ‘dispose’ (Lat. dis-pono); 
across, as in 5:a-Baiveoy. 

S.a-Balvw, I go through, cross; walk 
about; fut. -Bhoopa, perf, ~BéBnxa, 
2 aor. &-éBny. 

Sia-BdAAw, lit. J throw or carry over; 
(metaphorically) I tear in pieces a 
man’s character, i. e. slander. 

Sid-Baors, ~ews, f. a going over, 

_ passage, ford (of a river). 

Sia-Baréos, that must be crossed. 
dva-Baréov éori, we must cross. 

5:a-Barés, -4, -bv, that can be crossed, 

passable (verbal adj. of 8:a-Baivo). 


VOCABULA.RY, 


Sva-BBale, J carry over, carry across; 
fat. -BiBdow. 

Si-ayyéAAw, I send a message, inform; 
fut. Se-ayyerd, perf. Se-pyyeAca, 
I aor. de-nyyeAa. 

Su-ayxvAdo, I hold the javelin by the 
thong ready to shoot. (dd, and 
dysvan, the thong of a javelin.) 

Si-dyw, (1) I carry across; (2) I pass, 
spend (my life); fut. Ss-dgw, perf. 
pass. -7ypas. 

S1a-BiSwpr, J give from hand to hand, 
distribute ; fut. -Sdow. 

Sia-Soxos, -ov, m. and f. 
another’s place, a successor. ( 
and déxopat, receive.) 

Sud-Ketpar, I am ina certain state, am 
disposed. ¢irdsaews diaxeiaOar, to be 
Jriendly disposed (=pass. of da- 
+lOnpu, I dispose). 

Sta-KeAevopar, I exhort, encourage, 
cheer on; fut. -xeAevoopat. 

Sta-KAdw, I break in pieces; imperf. 
-éxrov, I aor. -xAdoa. 

Sia-xémrw, I cut through; fut. -xdyo. 

Sta-Kdor0t, -al, -a, two hundred. 

Sva-Aayxdvo, I divide by lot; fut. 
-Antopat, 2 aor. &:-éAaxor. 

Sa-héyw (Act.), I pick out, (Mid.) 
I discourse, converse (with dat.); 
fut. -Aéfopat, 

Sv-ap-tepés, (adv.) through and 
through, right through. (id, dvd, 
and welpw, I pierce.) 

Sta-voéopar, J think over, intend, pur- 
pose ; fut. -voncopar, perf. -yevényat, 
I aor. pass. d:-evonOny. (Sa, and 
vous, the mind.) 

Sud-vora, -as, f. thought, purpose, in- 
tention, 

Sta-wAéw, I sail over, sail across ; fut. 
emevoouat, perf. pass. ~-méwAer 


opas. 

Sta-ropetw, (Act.) J carry over, 
(Mid.) J pass across, march through. 

Sva-mparrw, (Act.) I accomplish, 
(Mid.) I stipulate, manage, nego- 
tiate; fut. -wpafw, perf. pass. -xé 
TPA Por. 


VOCABULARY, 


Svapnafe, I tear in pieces, spoil, 
plunder; fut. -apmaow, perf. pass. 
“Tpmacpas. 

Sta-ppltrre, I throw about, scatter. 

Sud-ppripes, -ews, f. a scattering about. 

Sta-onpalvw, I point out, indicate; 
fut. -onpdty®, 1 aor. &-cofunva. 

Sia-onynvéw, (trans.) J place in se- 
parate tents, (intrans.) I encamp 
separately, 

Sta-omdw, I tear asunder, scatter; 
fut. -cmacopas, 

(pw, I scatter about,. disperse; 
fut. -omep®, 2 aor. pass. dt-eomdpny. 

Sva-odevbovde, (Act.) I scatter as by 
a sling, (Pass.) I jly in pieces, as if 
hurléd from a sling. (ogevddvn, a 
sling.) 

ar Bane 2 aor. opt. from d:-éxo. 

8td-oXw, 2 aor. subj. from 5:-éxw. 

Sia-cwlw, I preserve to the end. (510, 
throughout, and od, I preserve.) 

Sca-rlOyywt, (Act.) I place separately, 
arrange in order; (Mid.) I dispose 
of; fut. -Ojow. 

Sta-rpiBw, I wear away, spend, waste 
(xpévor], (Lat. tempus terere) ; 
delay; fut. -rpiyew, 2 aor. pass. de- 
TpiBny. 

Sca-havas, (adv.) manifestly, plainly. 
(Sid, through, and paivw, I show.) 
Sra-dépw, (1) J carry over; (2) intrans. 

I differ from, excel; (impers.) 
Siapepea, there is a difference; 
(Mid.) Z quarrel about (dydqi 
Tivos); fut. di-olow, 2 aor. di-Avey- 

ov. 

Sia-hevyo, J flee through, escape safe 
away ; fut. -pevgopa. 

Sia-pbelpw, I destroy, ill ; fut. 
-p0epa, perf. pass. 8:-épOappas. 

SSHdEo, fut. act. of dddonw, 

SiSdoxKados, -ov, m. a teacher, mas- 


ter. 

SiSdonw, J teach, inform, show; fut. 
d:5dfo, perf. Sedi5axa, 1 aor. pass. 
€5:5axOny. 

SSévar, pres. infin. from didwpe. 

SiSwpn, J give, offer; fut. Suow, perf. 


Yt 
>; 


191 


3éBwxa, perf. pass. Sédopat, I aor. 
é5axa (2 aor. in plural, oper, 
édore, é500ay), 2 aor, mid. é56- 
pny. 

8u-éxAwv, imperf. indic, of Sea-KAdov. 

Si-chatve, I drive through, charge 
through ; fut. -eAdow or -€Ad. 

St-¢pxopar, I go or pass through - 
2 aor. 5t-7A8ov. 

S-épOappar, perf. pass. of d:a-pelpw. 

Sv-éxw, I divide; (intrans.) I am 
separated, am distant; fut. 5:-éfw or 
d:a-0xHO0, 2 aor. 8i-ecxor. 

Sunyéopar, J go through a story, 
narrate ; fut. -nyjoopat. 

Su-nykvAwpévos, perf. part. of di- 
ayKurA 

Silerrnps, (Act. I divide, (Mid. and 
intransitive tenses of Act.) I stand 
apart; fut. dva-crjow, 2 aor. dt- 
éoTny. 

Sixaros, -a, -ov, just, fair. 
justice.) 

Sicalws, (adv.) justly, fairly, rightly. 

dln, -78, f. justice, right, also penalty. 
Sieny AaBelv, or emPeivat, to inflict 
punishment, (Lat. poenas sumere ;) 
dienvy Sovvar, or exe, fo suffer 
punishment (Lat. poenas dare). 

Swéw, I whirl round. (diyn, a whirl.) 

St-opurrw, I dig through, break 
through; fut. -opvga, perf. pass. 
~opmpuypat, plupf. -wpapiypnv. 

Sls, (adv.) awice. (Lat. bis.) 

Sus-x (Aron, -at, -a, two thousand. 

SipOépa, -as, f. a prepared hide, 
leather bag, wallet. 

Sidpos, -ov, m. properly the footboard 
of a war-chariot, hence a chariot, 
seat of a chariot, and generally a 
séat. 

Slxa, (adv.) in two parts, apart ; woveiv 
dixa, to divide. 

SvdKw, J pursue; fut. didgor. 

Soypa, -aros, n. a resolution, decree. 

Soinv, 2 aor. opt. act. of Sida. 

Soxew, I think; (intrans.) I seem, 
(impers.) Soxet pot, it seems good to 
me, 172 Sedoypeva, resolutions 


(di«n, 


sar 


192 


iSoge ravra, these things were de- 
cided ; fut. défe, 1 aor. é8ofa, perf. 


pass. 8é80ypas. 
8é6A0¢, -ov, m. craft, trick, deceit. (Lat. 
dolus.) 


86fa, -n8, f. (1) opinion ; (2) renown, 
lory (80néw). 
«, future of 30nd, 

Sopxds, -430s, f. a gazelle, so called 
from its bright eyes, from dépxopas, 
I see. 

Sépv, -a7os, n. a spear, lance. 

Sopu-dbpos, -ov, m. a spear-man; 
plur. body-guards. (3épu, a spear, 
and pépw, I bear.) 

84s. 2 aor. imperative of di3wpu. 

8éc0a, 2 aor. infin. mid. of Sida. 

BofAos, -ov, m. a slave. 

Bo0vat, 2 aor. infin. act. of 3i8wp. 

Bots, 2 aor. participle of 3i8apu. 

Apaxéyrios, -ov, m. Dracontius, a 
Spartan, president of the games at 
Trapezus (V. 328). 

Spapetv, Spapdv, 2 aor. inf. and part. 
with pres. rpéxa. 

Spapodpat, fut. with pres. rpéxw. 

Bplaravov, -ov, n. a scythe. (8péra, 
I pluck.) 

Apida, -ay, m. the Drilae, a people 
in Pontus, near Trapezus. 

Spdpos, -ov, m. a race, running ; quick 
pace, as in Spduq Oeiv, to run fast. 
(¢-Bpap-oy a aor. with pres. rpé- 
xo, J run.) 

Sivapat, J have power, am able, can ; 
fut. 8uvhooua, imperf. eurduny, 
(2 pers. &3bya,) also #durdyny. 

Suvapts, -ews, f. (1) power, means; (2) 
a force, i.e. troops. (Lat. copiae.) 

Suvards, -1, -dy, fowerful, (Suvapai, 
Tam able.) 

Suvijcopan, fut. of 3’rapas, 

Suve, 7 sink, set (of the sun); fut. 
Sderopea, a aor, (uy, 

— reat sar eager ctel 

wept, -e, f @ sinking, setting. 
(evvw, J set.) 


bad 


VOCABULARY. 


Seg-wip-tros, -ov, hard to fass. (dee-, 
hard, and sap-eju, I pass.) 
Suc-sopos, -ov, hard to pass. (dus, 


Siw, I cause fo enter; fut. dvow: 
(Mid. and intrans. tenses) J sib, 
self; 2 aor. €duv. 

&3, 2 aor. subj. act. of Sass. 

Sadexa, svelve. 

Swplopar, I present with; fut. deph- 
gopa:. (dwpor »@ git.) 

SSpov, -ov, n. a gift, present. (Sides, 
I give.) 

Seow, future of aps. 


E. 
g, gen. od, dat. of, (Lat. se, sud, sibi) 


imsel/, but used as personal pronoun, 


him. 
dav, bel ay) if even, if (always takes 


subj.). 

éGv, pres. inf. of édw. 

éaurév, -7v, -6, himself, herself, itself. 

dao, I let, permit, leave alone; fut. 
édow, 1 aor. elaca. 


¢-BaXdov, 2 aor. of B4AAw. 


Ee BAA On, I aor. pass. of B&AAw, 


é-Bovdyp I aor. act. of Bovdr 
pudoy, 
é-Bowv, impf. ind. of Bodo. 


éyyvs, (adv.) near, nearly ; compar. 
éyyvrepoy and btyyvrépe; super. 
éyyurara and éyyurdro. 

ri berrtd impf. ind. of -yeAdev. 

€-yevopny, 2 aor. of yiyvopas. 

dy-xaée, I call in ; (with dat.) bring 
a charge against; fut. -sadréow 
(é», and xadéo, I call.) 

z I lie in, am placed in; 
fut. -eetcopar. 

éy-xégadog, -ov, within the head, %. 
pvedds, the pith of the palm. 

Eyvew, 2 aor. of yywdoxes. 


VOCABULARY. 


dy, pers. pron. Z, Whenever inserted, 
it is emphatic, J myself (as opposed 
to some one else); é0¥, Epol, ene 
are also emphatic: prov, por, pe, are 
the usual or non-emphatic forms. 

gywye, J for my part. 

2-Satdvov, impf. act. of daravdo. 

€-5SehOny, I aor. pass. of Séopau, J want. 

€-Bev, impf. of Set. 

€-Sefa, 1 aor. of deixvupe, 

€-Serca, 1 aor. of Seid. 

€-Syoa, 1 aor. of déw, J bind. 

é-6(Souv, for édi5ay, impf. of dtdepu. 

€Sopar, fut. with pres. éodiw. 

€-Sdépnyv, 2 aor. mid, of didmps. 

€-Sofa, 1 aor. of Soxéw, 

é-Bocav, 3 pl. 2 aor. of didwpu (Edaxa 
is used in the sing.). 

€-Spapov, 2 aor. with pres. tpéxw. 

é-Suvw, 2 sing. impf. of dvvapas. 

€Swka, I aor. of 5idapu. 

é-Lnv, 2 aor. of (am. 

vov, 2 aor. of OyfoK. 

€0eAovris, -o}, m. a.volunteer, 

€0éAw, I wish, am willing; fut. ée- 
Ano, I aor. 7,0€Anoa. 

€-Sedpny, impf. ind. of Oedopac. 

€-Qedpouv, impf. ind. of Deapéw. 

€Ovos, -ovs, n. @ nation, tribe. 

el, (conj.) if (with ind. and opt., never 
with the subj.): after verbs of 
deliberating (as BovAevecOa), whe- 
ther; el pr, unless, 

elSelnv, opt. of olda. 

eSévar, infinitive of of8a. 

eSov, 2 aor. with pres. dpdw. 

elSos, -ovs, n. an appearance, form 
(idecv used as 2 aor. of dpaw). 

eS, subj. of ofda, 

elas, participle of ofda, 

eixdfw, I make like, conjecture, guess ; 
fut. elxdow. 

elxés, elxdros, n. likely, reasonable 
(neuter of the participle of gorxa, 
shortened from éo.wds); ws elds, 
as is probable. 

elxoor, twenty, 

* elxw, see orxa, 


ei-Anppat, perf. pass. of AnpBave. 


O 


wee 


193 


el-Anoa, perf. act. of AauBaver. 

elAxov, impf. act. of €Acw. 

etAéunv, I chose; 2 aor. mid. with 
pres. alpéw, 

éelXov, 2 aor. act. with pres. alpéw. 

elpl, Zam; fut. Zoopas, impf. Fv ; éori 
pot, I have; ov« got, tt is impossible. 

et, Z shall go (Lat. ibo); imperf. 
ev, imperat. i@, infin. lévas, verb. 
adj. iréov, one must go. 

éltra, 1 aor. with pres, gnyl. 

elrréuny, impf. of ropa. 

eltrov, 2 aor. with pres. pny. 

eipyaopat, perf. pass. of épydCopac. 

cipyov, imperf. ind. of etpyw. 

eipyw, I shut out, exclude; fut. eiptw. 

eipnna, I have said, perf. with pres. 
gnpt; pf. pass. efpnyat, 1 aor. pass. 
éppnOnv. 

eiptyn, -78, f. peace. 

eis, prep. with accus, only, I. of place, 
into, ¢o; II. of time, as eds éowépay, 
towards evening ; eis Ti torepaiay, 
Jor the next day; III. with numerals, 
as els éxardv, up to a hundred, i.e. 
as much as a hundred; 1V. of pur- 
pose, for, with regard to, as eis rd5e, 
for this purpose. In Composition, 
into, to. 

els, pia, &v; gen. évds, puds, évds, 
one, 

els-dyw, ZI lead into, introduce; fut. 
~dfo), 2 aor. -nyayor. 

eis-axovtifw, I throw javelins into. 
(dxdvriov, a javelin.) 

els-Svopat, J enter into; fut. -Bdcopa, 
2 aor. els-éduv. 

eis-eyut, I go into, enter. 

els-pyxopat, I come into, enter; fut. 
-eXevoopat, 2 aor, -RAGov. 

e(s-o50s, -ov, f. an entrance. 
into, and 680s, way.) 

els-wyddw, I leap into; fut. -rndjow. 

eis-nintw, I fall into; fall upon, 
attack; fut. -megovpat, 2 aor. 
-énegov, 

etornnetv, J was standing ; pluperf. of 
torn, but intrans. and used as the 
imperf. of €ornsa, I stand, 


(eis, 


nr oy” 


194 


eis-rpéxw, IZ run into; 2 aor. elo- 
é3papor. 

els-hépw, J bring into, bring in; fut. 
-olow, I aor. -hveyKa, I aor. pass. 
-nvéxOnyv. 

elorw, (adv.) within. (els, into.) 

elra, (adv.) afterwards, next, then. 

el-re, whether (followed by a second 
el-re, or, Lat. sive .. sive). 

elxov, imperf. of éxo. 

eiw8a, I am wont (perfect with present 
meaning, from * €6w). 

eiwv,, imperf. of édw (contracted from 
efaov). 

é« (€£ before a vowel), prep. with gen. 
only, I. of place or origin, out of, 
Jrom ; II. of time, from, after, since, 
as é« Tovrov, after this; Ill. of 
result or accordance, in consequence 
of, according to, as éx Tay omovday, 
according to the truce. In Com- 
position, out of, from. 

é-xaOqp ny, imperf. of x40npac (pluperf. 
in form, but *d@ypas is used as a 
pres., I sit down). 

€xaoros, -7, -ov, each. (Lat. quisque.) 

éxdorrore, (adv.) each time. 

éxdrepos, -a, -ov, each of two. 
utergque.) 

éxarépwOev, (adv.) from both sides, on 
both sides. 

éxatdév, a hundred, indeclinable. 

“Exatavupos, -ov, m. Hecatonymus, 
an envoy from Sinope (VI. 123). 

é-cavOnv, 1 aor. pass. of xaiw. 

é-kavoa, I aor. act. of «ai. 

éx-Balvw, I go out, disembark; fut. 
-Bnoopat, 2 aor. éf-EBnv. 

éx-BaddrAw, I drive out, expel; fut. 
-Bad@, 2 aor. éf-€Badoy, 1 aor. pass. 
&f-eBAROnv. (éxnimrm is used for 
the Pass.) 

ex-Bacrs, -ews, f. a going out, egress, 
a pass. (éx, and Baiva, I go.) 

é&-BonPéw, I march out to the rescue; 
fut. -BonOnow. 

éx-yovos, -ov, born of, sprung from. 
(é, and yiyvopa:, Iam born.) ra 
éx-yova, the offspring, the young. 


(Lat. 


VOCABULARY, 


\ 


éx-SiSop, I give up, give a danghter 
in marriage. 

éx-Buw, I strip off (clothing) ; fut. é&- 
Siow, I aor. éf-éduca. 

éxet, (adv.) there, yonder. (Lat. 
illic.) 

éxetOev, (adv.) thence. (Lat. inde.) 

é-xelynv, imperf. of eZpac. 

éxeivos, -7, -0, yonder man, that man. 
(Lat. lle.) 

éxeiore, (adv.) thither. (Lat. illue.) 

é-KexAeipny, pluperf. pass. of «dio. 

€x-Qéw, I run out, sally forth, imperi. 
éf-€0€or. 

éx-OA(Bu, I push out, squeeze out. 

éx-kaAvmrw, I uncover, unpack; fat. 
-/o, pf. pass. -pas. 

éx-xAnoia, -as, f. an assembly, meeting. 
(é«, and kadéw, I call.) 

éx-kAtvw, I bend aside; intrans. (of 
soldiers) bend out of line, give way; 
fut, -KATO. 

éx-xoplfw, I carry out, fetch out; 
1 aor. éf-exdpuoa. 

éx-cuBiordw, J throw a somersault; 
imperf. éf-exvBiorav. 

éx-Aéyw, I pick out, select; fut. &- 
Adfw, perf. pass. éf-elAeypas, 1 at. 
éf-erX€ xOnv. 

éx-Aeltrw, trans. I leave out, forsake; 
intrans. fail. (Hence Eng. ec-lipse.) 

é-xATOyyv, I aor. pass. of «adréo. 

éx-tréparw, I send out, send away ; fat. 
-You, I aor, éf-éreppa. 

éx-weodv, 2 aor. participle of é- 
minto, 

dx-wydSdw, I leap out, make a sally; 
fut. -rndnoopat. 

éx-wlartw, I fall out, fall away, rusk 
out; am driven out, am banished; 
fut. -wecovpar, 2 aor. éf-éweoor 
(used as pass. of é4-BddAAw). 

éx-wAayels, 2 aor. pass. participle of 
éx-1AnoCw. 

éx-wAéw, I sail out, sail away; fot 
-mwAevoopa, I aor. éf-érAevca. 

éx-mrAews, -ov, quite full, complete. 
(é«, utterly, and mAéos, full.) 

éx-wAhrre, (Act.) I strike out (of 


‘VOCABULARY, 


one’s senses), astonish, (Pass.) I am 
astonished, scared ; 2 aor. pass. &£- 
exrayny. 
€x-mopevopat, J go out, set out (on a 
march) ; fut. -ropedcopat. 
éx-troplf, I contrive, provide, furnish ; 
I aor, éf-exdpica, 
éx-treopa, -aros, n. a drinking cup: 
(alvw, perf, rémwxa, I drink.) 
é-cpepduny, impf. of xpésapas (used 
as pass. of xpepayvupt). 
é-xptvapny, I aor. mid. of xpiva.. 
€é-xravov, 2 aor. act. of «reive. 
é«crewa, I aor. act. of «relyw. 
éx-relvw, (Act.) I stretch out, (Mid.) 
extend the line of an army; fut. é«- 
Teva, I aor. éf-érewa, perf. pass. 
éx-rérapa, 1 aor. pass. éf-erdOnv. 


é-xcTHoa pH, T aor. of «Tdopas. 

éx-rpédw, I rear, bring up (a child); 
fut. -Opépo, 2 aor, pass, éf-e7pa- 

v. 

éx-rpéxw, I run out, make a sally; 
2 aor, é£-éSpapoy. 

é-xuAlvoouv, imperf. of uvAwvdéw. 

éxedv, -ovca, -dy, of one’s own accord, 
willingly. 

€-AaPov, 2 aor. of AauBavw, 

€-AaQoy, 2 aor. of AavOdya. 

€Xala, -as, f. the olive. 

éAdoag, I aor. part. of éAatvo. 

éXarrovs, nom. or acc. pl. of éAdrrow, 


contr. from éAdrroves, or éAdr- 


Tovas. 

éXdrrov, formed from éAaxds, used as 
comparative of puspds. 

éXavvw, J drive, ride, march; fut. 
éAdow or éA@, I aor. fAaca, perf. 
éAfAaka, I aor, pass. HAGEnY. 

éAderos, -ov, belonging to a stag. 
(€Aagos, a stag;) éAdpea xpéa, 
deer’s flesh, venison. 

eLadpoés, -a, -dv, light, active, nimble, 

éXadpas, (adv.) lightly, nimbly. 

€-Aaxov, 2 aor. of Aayxave. 

éAciv, 2 aor. infin. with pres. aipéw. 

€-AelpOnv, I aor. pass. of Acimw. 

éXéoOan, 2 aor, infin, mid, with pres, 


d 


* 
195 
€XevOep(a, -as, f. freedom, liberty. 
€XebSepog, -a, -ov, free. 


éX\-fAv6a, perf. with pres. épyopar. 

€-AHGOnv, 1 aor. pass. of AauBdvo. 

€XGeiv, 2 aor. infin, with pres. Zpyopa:. 
€XOdv, 2 aor. part. with pres, épyopar. 
é-Aurrov, 2 aor. of Acira, 

‘EAAds, -ddos, f. Hellas, the name for 
Greece amongst the Greeks, who 
called themselves Hellenes. 

“EAAny, -nvos, m. a Greek. 

“EAAnvixds, ~#, -dv, (adj.) Greek. 

éAAnvifw, I speak Greek. 

“EAXAnvis, -idos, f. a Greek woman. As 
an adj. with fem. nouns, Greek. 

ovros, -ov, m, (‘EAAns wév- 
Tos, the sea of Hellé), the Hellespont, 
now the Dardanelles. 

€Aolunv, 2 aor, opt. mid, with pres. 
aipéw, 

éAdpevos, 2 aor. part. mid. with pres, 
aipéo. 

edmifw, I hope or expect (used either 
of hope or fear). 

€Am(s, -i508, f. hope. 

éXev, 2 aor. act. part. with pres. alpéo. 

é-paov, 2 aor. of pavOdya. 

épaurov, -7v, myself (reflexive pro- 
noun); pl. Huas avrovs. 

€p.-Baive, J go in, go on board, em- 
bark. (€p- for év- before B and 1.) 

éu-BadAAw, trans. J throw in; inflict; 
intrans. rusk in, invade. 

ép-B.Balw, I cause to enter, cause to 
embark, put on board (transitive of 
éu-Baivw). 

€-petva, I aor. of pévar. 

é-pynoOny, I aor. pass. of pepyhoKo. 

€n.6s,-77,-6v, my, mine ; poss. adj. of éyw. 

ép-reBdw, I make firm, abide firmly 
by (Spkous, oaths) ; fut. éu-redwow. 

ép-teipla, -as, f. skill, experience. 

€p-Weipos, ~ov, experienced, practised. 
(éy, and melpa, experience.) 

éy-mumpas, pres. part. of éu-nimpnys. 

ép-minpypt, I burn, set on fire; fut. 
éu-mpjow, I aor, év-émpyoa. (éy, 
and wipmpny, of which p is dropped 
where éy- precedes.) 


02 


~ 


" » 


196 


éu-wlarrw, I fall upon, attack; fut. 
-recoupat, 2 aor. év-éwecor, 

ép-wb8i0s, -ov, in the way, a hin- 
drance. (év, and novus, a foot.) 

ép-trovéw, I make in, cause; instil into 
the mind, fut. -jow, 


_ €prtoAdw, I gain by traffic, sell. 


(épmoan, traffic.) 

&1-mopos, -ov, m. a merchant, trader. 

ép-tmpoobev, (ady.) before, in front; 
Ta éunpoober, the fore-parts. 

éy, prep., with dat. only :—I. of place, 
in, on, among; II. of time, in, 
during, as év rovry, during this 
(time), i.e. meanwhile; LI. in the 

- power of (Lat. penes), as éy époi, 
in my power; lV. of condition, as 
év pdBy, in (a state of) fear. In 
Composition, in, at, upon. 

év-avrios, -a, -ov, opposite, opposed to, 
hostile; é« tov évaytiov, opposite 
(of place). 

év-avridopar, I set myself against, 
oppose; fut. évayridoopa. 

év-artw, I kindle, set on fire; fut. 
-ayo, perf. -upar (lit. I fasten on, 
from éy, and amr, I fix). 

&-Sera, -as, f. want, deficiency. 

évSoGev, (adv.) from the inside (of mo- 
tion from within). 

évBov, (adv.) inside (of rest in a place). 

év-Svw, trans. J put on (some one else), 
2 aor. intrans, év-éduv, I put. on 
(myself), 

év-fByv, 2 aor. of éu-Baive. 

év-eBiBaoa, 1 aor. of éu-BiBalor 

év-epe, J am in; imperf, év-jv. 

évexa, prep. with gen., on account of, 
for the sake of. 

év-exdAouv, imperf. of éy-Karéo. 

év-erlumpacayv, imperf. 3 pl. of éu- 
nimpn pt. 

évexev, the same as évexa, but used 
before a vowel. 

év-q\ba, 1 aor. of év-dnra. 

évOa, (adv.) (of place) here, there ; (of 
time) ¢hereupon, then, also as relative 
adv., where, when; év0a wal évOa, 
here and there. 


VOCABULARF, 


évOd5e, (adv.) thither, there, here. 

évOarrep, where (stronger form of év6a). 

evOev, thence, hence, 

év-Oupéopar, have in mind, consider; 
fut. -7oopar, 1 aor. éy-eOuphOny. 
(év, and Oupds, mind.) 

év-Ovpnpa, -aros, 0. a thought (lit. 
something in the mind, from éy and 
Oupéds). 

é-virwv, imperf. of vedo. 

evo, -ai, -a, some,=év ot, ie. &- 
ecow ol, lit. there are who. 

évlote, sometimes,=évi Sre, i.e. &- 
eorwy Gre, lit. there is a time 
when, 

év-voia, -as, f. thought, design. (ey, 
and vous, the mind.) 

é-vénoa, I aor. of voéw. 

év-oyAkw, I give trouble, annoy ; fat. 
év-oxAfow. 

évrai0a, (adv,) (1) of place, there, here; 
(2) of time, thereupon, then, now. 

évredOev, (adv.) (1) of place, thence, 
hence ; (2) of time, henceforth, thence- 
Sorth; (3) therefore. 

v-tiog, -ov, held in honour, valuable. 
(ripn, honour.) 

év-révws, earnestly (lit. ‘with an effort, 
from éy, and reivw, I stretch ot 
strain). 

évrés, (adv.) inside, within (of place o1 
time) with gen. (é). 

év-ruyxdve, I light upon, meet with; 
fut. -revgopat, 2 aor. év-éruyoy. 

é-vucrépevoa, I aor. of yuxrepedar. 

év-wpoTapxys, -ov, Mm. @ commander 
of 25 men; lit. ‘a commander ofa 
band of sworn soldiers,’ (from é, 
and dpvuj, I swear.) 

€£ for é« before vowels. See éx, 

€E, six. - 

éf-ayyéAAw, Z report; fut. éf-ayyeds, 
I aor. -n7yyetAa, 


é£-dyw, I lead out; fut. -dgw, 2 aor. 


“1 yayov. 

éE-alperos, -ov, taken out, chosen (# 
and aiperds, verbal adj. of alpéw). 
éEalpera, choice portions. 

€f-aipéw, (Act.) J take ont, 2 aor. 


VOCABULARY, 


eetAov: (Mid.) ZI choose, 2 aor. 
~eAdpeny. 

&£-awrdw, (Act.) I demand from (any- 

_ body), (Mid.) Z beg off; fut. -how, 
I aor, -yrnoa. 

ZEanis-x (Avot, -as, -a, six-thousand. 
axéoror, -at, -a, six-hundred. 

é£-arkawalw, I sack, plunder ; fut. -f0. 

é£-GNAopar, I leap out; (of a horse) 
rear; fut. -aAdovpat, I aor. -nAd- 
pnv. (dAAopaz is Lat. salio.) 

€£-av-lornpe, trans. J make to rise 
(in pres., imperf., fut., I aor.); fut. 
-dyva-orfow ; intrans. I stand up (2 
aor., perf., plupf.), 2 aor. -av-éorny, 

éf-atratdw, J deceive entirely; fut. 
-amaTnoo, I aor. pass, -yrarnOny, 

danivys, (= éfaidvys), suddenly. 

é€-avAlopat, J leave my quarters, 
bivouac out of doors. (avaA%, 
resting place for night.) 

€£-€Seov, imperf. of é«-0éo, 

é£-ely, opt. of. f-eore. 

£-euypr, I go out, sally forth. (&, and 
els, ibo.) Used as fut. of éf- 
épxopat. 

é£-exdptca, é£-exoprrduny, I aor. act. 
and mid. of é«-opico, 

é£-exuBlora, imperf. 3rd sing. of é«- 
KuBcoTdo. 

é£-eXavve, (trans.) Z drive out, (in- 
trans.) ride out, march out; fut. 
-eAdow or -€AQ. 

é£-éXurroy, 2 aor. of éx-Aefma. 

é-Eévifov, imperf. of fevica. 

€£-épxopar, I go out, come out; for 
the fut. éf-exyu, 2 aor. éf-7AGor. 

€§-eort, (impers.) it is allowed, or 
possible; part. éfov, it being possible. 

éf-€raois, -ews, f, an examination, 
review (of troops). (mocety éféracw, 
to hold a review.) 

é£-erpddny, 2 aor. pass. of éx-Tpépa, 

éEhovra, sixty. 

é£-qv, imperf. of &f-eore. 

€f-cvéopat, I arrive at, reach (with 

- gen.); fut. -ifoua:, 2 aor. -xdpny. 

é-4v, neut. pres. part. from éf-eor1. 

é-owAlfo, I arm, (Mid.) I arm 


om 


197 


myself, go forth armed. (nda, 
arms.) 

Ew, fut. of &xor. 

éfw, (adv.) without, outside; also as 
prep. with gen. outside of. 

eEwOev, (adv.) from without. 

govca, 2 perf. (formed from * efew, 
which is not used), J seem likely, 
it is probable that I (neut. part. 
elxds, probable]. 

€-mwaov, 2 aor. of mdaxo. 

étr-atvéw, J praise; fut. -éow or -Eoopas, 
I aor. -yveoa, 

Emratvog, -ov, Mm. praise, 

é-qravov, imperf. of raiw. 

ér-av-épxopat, I come or go back, 
return, 2 aor. -RAOov. 

érdraga, I aor. in use with the pres. 
TANTTO. 

érel, (conj.) when, since. [Distinguish 
from érera.] 

émerSav = érerd7) dy, whenever, always 
with the subjunctive. 

éwe.dyj, strengthened form of érei. 

étr-eyt, I come upon, advance, attack; 
quépa émovoa, the following day. 
(ely, Lat. ibo.) 

€r-eyst, J am upon, am over (a river). 
(elpi, Lat. sum.) 

[Emelpopar], I ask besides, ask; fut. 
-epyooua, 2 aor. -npduny, inf. 
-epéoOa. (Pres. not used in Attic. 
See €popat and épwrdw.) 

érevta, (adv.) then, afterwards, there- 
upon. [Distinguish from émei.] 

ér-epeAovpny, imperf. of ém-peA€opar. 

é-rre-dvOerv, pluperf. of maoxo, perf. 
to mérrovOa, 

éx-épxopat, I come upon, come to, 
proceed; 2 aor. -RAOov. For the 
fut. €n-erpu is used. 

é-wecov, 2 aor. of wimTo. 

én-eordrouv, imperf. of ém-oraréo. 

é-wHyvupny, imperf. of mpyvups. 
ém-qveoa, I aor. of éx-awéw. 

émt, prep. with gen., dat., and accus., 
I. With gen. of place, on, upon, 
after verbs of motion towards, lit. 
‘on the line of,’ as wAeiy émi Sa- 


198 


pov, fo sail towards Samos; ii. 
of time, as émt Kipou, in the time 
of Cyrus; iii. with nutherals, as ém 
TetTapov, four deep, lit. on a basis 
of four. Il. With dat. i. of 
place, on, upon, at; ii. of time, at, 
on, in; iii. of purpose, for, with a 
view to; iv. of condition, as ém 
rovros, on these conditions, also 
‘besides this,” III. With accus. i. 
of motion, on to, against; ii. of time, 
for, during, up to; iii. of purpose, 
for, as éni ri; ‘for what (purpose) ?’ 
ént Setrvov, for supper. In Com- 
position, upon, at, by, besides. Before 
an aspirated vowel éai becomes é¢’, 
as ép immov, on horseback. 

én-laor, 3rd pl. pres. of Er-erpu. 

ém-Balvw, I go to, go upon; mount. 
2 aor. é1-éBny. 

éwt-BadrAw, I throw upon; fut. -Badrd, 
perf. -BéBAnkxa.  émi-BeBAnpévos 
Togérat, archers with arrows on the 
string. Lit. ‘having put [arrows] 
on their (strings].’ 

ém-Bovdevw, I plan or plot against ; 
fut. -ebow. 

émBovAn, -7s, f. a plot, treachery. 

ém-Sefxvupt, I show, display; fut. 
Seif, I aor. én-é5erfa. 

ém-t5etv, 2 aor. inf. of éa-ei8ov (pres. 
ép-opdw). 

ém-5(Swpe, J give besides; fut. ém- 
Swow, 1 aor. ér-édmxa. 

émv-Stoxwo, I pursue after; fut. 
-5:dfo. 

é-meZopny, imperf. mid, of mé(a, 

ém-Oupéw, I desire, covet, with gen. 
(émi and Ovpéds). 

ém-kapmrw, I bend in, (of troops) 
wheel round; fut. -napyow., 

dl-nepat, (1) J lie upon, am placed 
upon; (2) I assault, attack (used as 
pass. of éme-riOnju). 

ént-covpynpa, -aros, n. help, pro- 
tection. 

ém-xpdreva, -as, f. cover, protection 
(lit. power over, from ént, and «pa- 
TOs, power). 


VOCABULARY, 


émv-AapBdvo, (Act. and Mid.) 7 lay 
hold of, seize, with gen. 

ém-AavOdvopar (or em-AfPopa), J 
forget; fut. &m-Afhoopas, 2 aor. 
érr-eAaOduny, perf. émt-AéAno pas. 

émt-Aclw, (trans.) J leave behind, 
(intrans.) J fail, am wanting, 2 aot. 
~éXuTrov. 

éniXexros, -ov, chosen, picked. (éat, 
and Aexrds, verbal adj. of Aéya, Z 
choose.) 

émv-pedéopat, I take charge of, look 
after; fut. -peAjoopas. 

ém-pedys, -és, careful, 
Comp. -éorepos. 

émt-pévw, I remain, wait; fat. -pevo 

€-m.ov, 2 aor. of rive. 

ém-opxéw, I swear falsely, perjure 
myself ; fut. -opxjoo. 

émt-opkla, -as, f. a false oath, perjury. 
(Spkos, an oath, emt, over (beyond) 
the truth.) 

ém-trintrw, I fall upon, attack (with 
dat.) ; 2 aor. éw-érecov. 

én(-trovos, -ov, laborious, troublesome, 
portending trouble. (éni, and aévos, 
labour.) 

ém-ppl{rrw, I throw upon; 1 aor. 
ézr-éppupa. 

émi-oitifopat, I procure provisions; 
I aor, én-eortiodyny. (otros, corn.) 

ém-omdw, I drag or pull after; fat. 
-on&oO), 

érlorapat, I know, understand; im- | 
perf. Fmordpny. 

émi-oratéw, J stand over, have com- 
mand over, (émorarns, one who 
is set over.) 

ém-oréAdo, I send to, send tidings to; 
command ; fut. -oTeA@, I aor. én 
éore:Aa. 

émoroAn, -78, f. a letter, injunction. 
(ém-oréAAw.) 

émrbSevos, -a, -ov, suitable, necessary. 
Ta ém7ndea, provisions, lit, the 
necessaries (of life). 

ému-rlOnpr, (Act.) I put on, (Mid.) I 
set upon, attack; (€mt-xetpac is used 
for the passive) ; fut. -Oj00. 


Anxious. 


VOCABULARY. 


ém-tpéww, I entrust to, command, | 


permit; 1 aor. én-érpeypa. 

ém-palvopa, J appear ‘(near the 
spot), make my appearance; fut. 
~pavovpat. 

ém-xeipéw, I put my hand to, attempt; 
(émi, and yelp, a hand); fut. -now., 

Emt-yxeipifw, the same as émxepin ; 
fut. -xepiow. 

ém-xéwo, I pour on or in. 

€-mXevoa, I aor. of mAéo. 

€-wANYHY, 2 aor. pass, of rARrTov, 

€-moAguouv, imperf. of moAepéo. 

€tropat, I follow, pursue; fut. &popat, 
imperf, elrdéunv, 2 aor. éowdpny. 
€-révouv, imperf. of novéo. 

émrd, seven. (Lat. septem.) 

émraxdécrot, -a, -a, seven hundred, 

*"Emvata, -ns, f. Epyaxa, queen of 
Cilicia, wife of Syennésis (I. 64). 

é-rv0dpnv, 2 aor. of ruvPdvopat. 

épyatopat, I work, do ; fut. épydaoopat, 
perf. efpyaocpa. (épyov, work.) 

€pyov, -ov, n. work, action. epyy, 
in deed, in fact. 

épeiv, fut. inf. with pres. pny. 

épyyla, -as, f. a desert, solitude. (Epn- 
pos, lonely.) 

épypos, -ov, and -n, -ov, lonely, 
desolate (with gen.); [hence Eng. 
‘eremite,’ or ‘hermit.’] 

éppnvets, -éws, m. an interpreter. 
(‘Eppiis, Mercury.) 

[€popar}], I ask (a question); fut. 
éphoopat, 2 aor. hpdounv. (épwrda 
is used instead of present.) 

épptpa, 1 aor. of Jirra, 

€ptpa, -aros, n. a defence, fortification. 

épupvés, -7, -dv, fortified, strong. 

é€pxopar, I come, go: fut. eps (éAcv- 
copa), perf. €AnAvOa, 2 aor. HAGOv. 
épwraw, J ask; fut. -fow, I aor, 
jpurnoa. (See épopat.) 
é-ce-coopyy, pluperf. pass. of adm. 
é-ovpnva, I aor. of onpaivw. 

éo Ons, -7708, f. dress, (Evvupn, I put 
on). (Lat. vestis.) 

éoBiw, I eat; fut. éSopua, perf. &57- 
Sona, 2 aor. Epayoy. 


199 


é-olyov, imperf. of orydou. 
atwv, imperf. of cvumda. 
é-oxevacpat, perf. pass. of cxevd ow. 
é-oxotrouv, imperf. of cxoméw. 
€copat, fut. of elui. (Lat. sum.) 
é-omadpny, 2 aor. pass. of omefpw. 
€-orappat, perf. pass. of omeip. 
é-omrioa, I aor. act. of omdo. 
é-omdo@ny, I aor. pass. of onda, 
€-ometpa, I aor. act. of oneipa. 
€-omreoa, I aor. act. of oréviw, 
éotrépa, -as, f. evening. (apis éoné- 
pav, towards the west.) 
é-ordOyv, § aor. pass. ofiornu. 
éoracav, 3 pl. pluperf. of torn (in- 
trans. ). 
éore, (conj.) until. (gor ay, so long 
as.) 


é-oretAa, I aor, act. of oré\Aw. 

€oryka, perf. act. of iornm. 
intrans. J stand.) 

é-orny, 2 aor. act. of torn (intrans.). 

éorynoa, I aor. act. of lornmu 
(trans.). 

é-oriypat, perf. pass. of ori{e. 

é-orpd&dny, 2 aor. pass. of orpépa. 

é-orpeipa, I aor. act. of orpédpa. 
€orw, 3 sing. pres. imperat. of ell. 
éorws, perf. participle of torn. 
é-odaynyv, 2 aor. pass. of opaor. 
€-ogevddvev, imperf. of spevdovder. 
éoxaros, -ov, last, extreme. 
é-oxXOpyv, 2 aor. mid. of éxw. 
€-oxov, 2 aor. act. of éxa. 

€-cdOnv, I aor. pass. of ado. 

ératpos, -ov, m. a companion, com- 
rade. 

é-rapov, 2 aor. act. of réuyw. 

€-1dxOnv, I aor. pass. of raTTa. 

é-rewva, I aor. act. of reivw. 

"E redvios, -ov, m. Eteonicus, a Lace- 
daemonian general at Byzantium 
(VIII. 30). 

€repos, -a, -ov, the other, one of two, 

é-re-TH Kev, pluperf. act. of THKw. 

éru, (adv.) still, any longer. (ovdKétt, 
no longer.) 

é-TpHOnv, 1 aor. pass. of Tépvw. 

étoipos, -7, -ov, ready, prepared, 


(Perf. 


200 


érolpws, readily (adv. of érotyos). 

éros, -ous, n. a year. (éxdorou érous, 
every year.) 

é-rpatrov, 2 aor. act. of rpémw. 

é-rpaOny, I aor. pass. of retpwaKe, 

é-tpwaa, I aor. act. of TitpwoKw, 

€-TuXov, 2 aor, act. of rvyydva, 

ev, (adv.) well, prosperously. 

ev-Salpwv, -ov, happy, prosperous, 
wealthy. (¢€d, well, and daipoy, 
Sate.) 

ev-5la, -as, f. fair-weather, a calm. 

ev-epyeoia, -as, f. good service, kind- 
ness. 

ev-epyerns, -ov, m. a benefactor. 

eU-Luvos, -ov, well girded; hence 
active. (eb, well, and (dwn, a 

irdle.) 

cides, directly, immediately (adv. of 
evus). 

evOus, (adj. used as adv.) straightway, 
immediately, 

ev-KAeua, -as, f. good fame, glory. 
(ed, well, and xAéos, glory.) 

EiwAcibys, -ov, m. Euclides, a seer 
from Phlius, in the north of Pelopon- 
nesus (VIII. 485). 

et-voua, -as, f. good-will, kindness. 

et-voos, -ov, contr. eU-vous, kind, well- 


disposed. (ev, well, and vois, 
mind.) 
eS-Eewvos, -ov, hospitable; Tdvros 


Evfevos, the Euxine or Black Sea, 
ev-meTds, (adv.) easily. 

eU-mcpos, -ov, easy fo pass. 

etploxw, I find, discover; 2 aor. 
evpov, fut. eipnow, perf. etpnxa, 
pass. eUpymat, 1 aor. pass. ebpéOnv. 

eUpos, -ovs, n. width, breadth. (evpids, 
broad.) 

EtptAoxos, -ov, m. Euryldchus, a 
hoplite from Lusi, a town in Ar- 
cadia (IV. 360). 

evpus, -cla, -v, wide, broad. 

ev-Taktos, -ov, well arranged, in good 
order. (ed, well, and rarrw, I ar- 
range.) 

ev-ragia, -as, f. good order, discipline. 

et-roApos, -ov, daring, courageous. 


VOCABULARY, 


Eiparys, -ov, m. the river Euphrates 
The Eastern and Western branches 
join in Armenia; it then flows 
west of the Tigris, passes through 
Babylon, and joins the Tigris before 
it falls into the Persian Gulf. 

edxopar, I pray, vow; fut. edfopar. 

et-dvupos, -o», lit. ‘of good name,’ 
lucky, the left; especially 16 ebdwu- 
pov [xépas], the left wing of an 
army. (ev, dvopa, of good name; 
really an euphemism for the wn- 
lucky side, i.e. the left, which it was 
unlucky to mention.) 

€-adyov, 2 aor. with pres. 2a6iw. 

€-hdvyy, 2 aor. pass. of palya., 

ép-érropar, I pursue ; fut. &p-dpopa, 
imperf, ép-ecrd puny. 

“Eecos, -ov, f. Ephesus in Lydia, on 
the west coast of Asia Minor. 

é-gnv, 2 aor. of dnyl. 

€-pyvapny, I aor. mid. of palves, 

€-$0eyEduny, I aor. of $0€yyopat. 

é0ds, -7, -dv, boiled (verbal adj. of 
éfo, I boil). 

éb-lorypr, (trans,) I make to stop; set 
over; fut. ém-ornow; (intrans,) J 
stand by, halt; 2 aor. éw-éorny. 

é-d8r0v, -ou, n. travelling expenses or 
supplies, (én, and 650s, a road). 

€h-050¢, -ou, f. an approach. 
éh-opos, -ov, m. an overseer; of “Edo- 
pot, the Ephors, or Council of Five at 
Sparta. (ép-opdw, I oversee.) 
€-puyov, 2 aor. of pevyw. 

€x9pés, -4, -dy, hostile; an enemy. 
(€x00s, hatred.) 

é-xpijv, imperf. of xph. 

é-ypijro, 3 sing. imperf. of xpdopas. 

€xw, I have, hold, possess, keeps fut. 
éfw or oxjow, perf. €oxn«a, imperf. 
elxov, 2 aor. €oxov. Impers. xadds 
éxet, it is well; (Pass.) of d&vOpa- 
not Exovrai, the inhabitants are kept 
prisoners, (Mid.) I hold on to, so éxé- 
pevos, next in order. 

€-pevopat, perf. pass. of Pevdou. 

é-apaka, perf. act. of dpde, 

é-opwv, imperf. act. of dpte, 


VOCABULARY, 


Eas, acc. €w, f. morning ; mpos €w, to- 
wards the east. 
€ws, (conj.) as long as, until, while, 


Z. 


Zanwdras, -ov, m. the river Zab in 
Assyria, flowing from the East into 
the Tigris (III. 100). 

Law, I live; fut. (how, imperf. e{ny, 

infin. Gijv. 

LevynAardw, I drive a yoke of oxen. 
(Cetyos and éAavvw.) 

Lebyvups, J yoke, join, attach; fut. 
Cevgw, perf. ECevypar, 2 aor. eCuynv. 

Letyos, -ovs, n. a yoke of oxen. (Lat. 
jugum, Eng. yoke.) 

Zetvs, Acds, m. Zeus (Roman Fupiter), 
voc. Zev, ace. Ala, 

{nrurés, -7, -dv, enviable. ((nrdu, 
I rival.) 

Enprdo, J punish ; fut. (npidoo. 

fav, pres. infin. of (aw. 

Lgmv, pres. opt. of (am. 

, 7s, f. a girdle. 
gird on.) 


(Cavvupt, I 


H. 


, (conj.) or, than; 4.. 9, either .. or. 
» (adv.) truly, verily. . 
, 3 sing. subj. of elpi. (Lat. sum.) 
¥ (adv.) where, properly dat. sing. 
fem. of 8s, 4, 3. 
yayov, 2 aor. of d-yw, 
yyetAa, I aor, of ayyéAAoo. 
fyepov, ~dvos, m. a leader, guide. 
Hyéopar, (1) I lead the way; (2) I 
suppose; fut. }yhoopa. (Lat. duco 
has also both meanings. ] 
fyépony, I aor. pass. of d-yeipa, 
yhoavpos, -ov, m. Hegesander, a 
Greek captain (VII. 71). 
Hyvoouv, imperf. of dyvoéw. 
yov, imperf. of dyw. 
qoev, IJ knew; pluperf. of otéa, used 
as imperf. olda having a present 
signification. 
{Séws, (adv.) gladly, with pleasure, 
Comp. fd:ov; superl. 7d:07a, 


201 


48m, (adv.) now, already, by this time. 

HoeKhOny, I aor. pass. of dducéw. 

Hdicyka, Slenpar, perf. act. and 

pass. of ddixcéw. 

HSopar, J am pleased; fut. }oOnoopar, 

I aor. HoOny. 

7Sopnyy, imperf. of #3dpat. 

HSovn, -78, f. sweetness, pleasure. 

jSuvapny, imperf. of duvapar. 

H5ve, -cia, -v, sweet, pleasant, delicious. - 

Comp. die, superl. #d:0 70s. 
qev, 3 pl. qeoav, imperf. of fue. 
(Lat. tbo.) 

7QeXov, imperf. of €0éAw. 

HOpowa, 1 aor. act. of ddpoitw. 

qke, may be 3 sing. imperf. of fam or 

1 aor. of Inps. 

Fjxov, imperf. of fro. 

axdvrifov, imperf. of arovricw. 

nNkovoa, I aor. of dxovw, 

feu: I am come, arrive ; used as perf. 

of Epxopat, fut. Héw. 

TAGOny, 1 aor. pass. of éAatvw. 
Adpyy, I aor. mid. of dAAopat. 
Aaca, I aor. act. of éAadvw. 

HAGov, 2 aor. with pres. épyopas. 

nAlOcos, -a, -ov, foolish, silly. 

HAvos, -ov, m. the sun. 

HAASpry, imperf, of dAAopaz. 

fAwKa, jAd@Kev, perf. and pluperf. of 

aAicxopat. 

tp-épa, -as, f.a day; dpa rH Huepa, 

at day-break. 

F\pérepos, -a, -ov, poss. adj. our. 

Hplovos, -ov,m.a mule. (hyu-, half, 

and évos, an ass.) 

HplwrAcOpov, -ov, n. half a plethron, 

i.e. 50 feet. 

pcos, -ea, -v, half. 

fv, for édy, if. 

nv, imperf. of elui, (Lat. sum.) 

nvaykaoa, I aor. act. of dvayxd ca, 

HVvexOnv, I aor. pass. with pres. pépo. 

fivlka, (conj.) when. 

jvloxos, -ov, m. a charioteer, driver 

(from jvia, reins and éxw, I hold), 
nétouv, imperf. of dfide. 

TEo, fut. of Few. 

amelXovv, imperf. of dreAdw. 


202 


Urep, (adv.) where, properly dat. sing. 
fem. of &s-zep. 

qmordpny, imperf. of ériorapas. 

awépouv, imperf. of dmopéw. 

“Hpaxdaa, -as, f. Heraclea, a city in 
Bithynia, on the Euxine. 

“HpaxAdclSns, -ov, m. Heraclides, an 
agent of the Thracian prince Seuthes. 

“HpaxAeaorys, -ov, m. a Heraclean or 
inhabitant of Heraclea. 

“HpakAedtig, -150s, f. (sc. +i), the 
district of Heraclea. 

‘Hpakdjjs, -éous, m. Heracles (Roman 
Hercules), son of Zeus and Alc- 
mena. 

1péOnv, I aor. pass. of afpéo, 

TPNHAL, perf. pass. of aipéw. 

nptapyy, I aor. mid. of dpya. 

"popny, 2 aor. of Epoua; (pres. 
épwrdw.) 

nptaca, I aor. act. of dpra(o, 

Ypracpar, perf. pass. of dpmata. 

hexopyy, imperf. (1) of dpxopar; 
(2) of épxopas. 

Apxov, imperf. of dpya. 

HpweTyoa, I aor. of épwrda, 

hporwv, imperf. of épwrdw. 

hoOny, 1 aor. pass. of #dopat. 

qor0opnv, 2 aor. of ala@dvopa:. 

Houxia, -as, f. quietness; dyewv fov- 
xiay, to keep quiet. 

qoxuvOny, I aor. pass. of aloytvw. 

q™modpny, I aor. mid. of alréo, 

Tuopny, imperf. of aitidopat. 
rovupny, imperf. mid. of airéw. 
qrouv, imperf. of alréw. 

Wrrdopa, J am less than, i.e. am 
conquered; fut, rrncopa:, perf. 
Arrnpa. (Hrrovw, less.) 

Frrov, (adv.) less. 

ATTwv, -ov, less, inferior, weaker. 

nvAtoOnv, I aor. pass. of abAicw, 

Hx9éoOnv, I aor. pass. of dxPopuas, 

4xOnv, I aor. pass. of aya. 

4x9opnv, imperf. of dx Popes, 


VOCABULARY. 


8. 


OdAarra, -ns, f. the sea. 

O@dvaros, -ov, m. death. 

Oavaréw, I condemn to death; fut. 
Oavardow. 

Oavodpar, fut. of Orhaoxo. 

Odare, I bury; fut. Odio, 2 aor. 
pass. érdgny. 

Oappaddos, -a, -ov, bold. (Odppos, 
courage.) Comp. -wrepos. 

Gappadrtws, (adv.) boldly. 

Bappéw, I am of good courage. 

Odppos, -ous, n. boldness, courage. 

Bapotvw, I make bold, encourage; 
I aor. é0dpouva. 

OGrrov, comp. of tayéws, more 
quickly, 

Oavpdtw, I wonder, marvel; fut. 
Gaupdow, perf. reBavpana, (Oavpa, 
wonder.) 

Oéa, -as, f. a view, a sight. 

ed, -ds, f. a goddess, 

Oapa, -aros, n. a sight, spectacle. 
(Oedopas, I see.) 

Ocivat, Oelg, 2 aor. act. infin. and part. 
of Tiny. 

OéAw, I wish; fut. OeAfow. 

Dépevos, 2 aor. mid. part. of rin. 

Qeds, -ov, m. a god; adv Trois Geois, 
with the gods’ help. 

Oeppacta, -as, f. warmth. (Oépm, I 
warm.) 

Oeppds, -7, -dv, warm. 

Ocppodwv, -ovros, m. the Thermodon, 
a river of Pontus, flowing into the 
Euxine Sea (VI. 140). It still keeps 
its name as Thirmah Su. 

OéoGar, 2 aor. mid. infin. of 7iOnpt. 

Oerrados, -7, -dv, Thessalian, or 
inhabitant of Thessaly in Northern 
Greece, 

Oiw, I run; fut. Oevoopat. 

Oewp ew, I view, inspect, review (troops), 


fut. -7o00. 

Onpevo, I hunt, chase. (Op, a wild 
beast.) 

Onpiov, -ov, n. a wild beast. (Oip, 
Lat. fera, 


VOCABULARY, 


Onow, fut. of ions. 


Onxns, -ov, m. Theches, a mountain 
near Trapezus, whence the Greeks 
got their first sight of the sea (V. 
283). 

OiBpwv, -ovos, m. Thibron, a Spartan 
commander, sent out to oppose 
Tissaphernes (VIII. 543). 

Ovijoxw, I die; fut. Gavyodpa, perf. 
réOvnka, 2 aor. EBavor, 

OdpvBos, -ov, m. noise, confusion, 
tumult, 

Opdxn, -78, f. Thrace, now forming the 
eastern half of the Turkish province 
Rumelia, and containing the capital 
Constantinople. Also a district of 
Bithynia in Asia Minor. (rpaxds, 
rough.) 

Opdxvos, -a, -ov, Thracian, or be- 
longing to Thrace. 

Ops, -geds, m. a Thracian. 

Opacéus, (adv.) boldly. 

Opacds, -cia, -U, bold, venturesome. 

Ouydrnp, -rpos, f. a daughter. 
vol, -av, m. the Thyni, a people in 
Thrace; they colonised Bithynia 
(VIII. 138). 

Oupa, -as, f.a door. (Lat. fores.) 

Obperpa, -ov, (neut. plur.) doors, 

Oucia, -as, f. a sacrifice. 

OQvw, I sacrifice; (Mid.) I sacrifice 
Sor myself, i.e. take the auspices ; fut. 
Gvow, perf. ré0dxKa. 

Odpak, -dros, m. a breastplate, cors- 
let, cuirass, 

@apak, dxos, m. Thorax, a Boeotian 
general, jealous of Xenophon (VI. 


159). 
L 


iSetv, 2 aor. infin, of efSov, pres. Spdw. 

USiaq, (adv.) privately, on one’s own 
account (dat. fem. of f5:0s). 

tS.0s, -a, -ov, private, one’s own. 

tSvarys, -ov, m. a private person. 

tSoup, Sav, 2 aor. act. opt. and part. 
of cI8oy, pres. dpdw. 

téanyv, imperf. mid. of int. 

Lévat, pres. infin, of elms. (Lat. ibo.) 


+e 


203 


lepetov, -ov, n. a victim. 

tepos, -d, -dv, holy, sacred: 7a tepad 
kaha hv, the sacred (entrails) were 
favourable, i.e. the sacrifice showed 
good omens. 

type, (Act.) Z throw, shoot, send; 
(Mid.) Z rush, fut. fow, 1 aor. Hea, 
perf. efxa. 

(0, pres. imperat. of Ze. (Lat. ibo.) 

ixavég, -7, -dv, fit, suitable, sufficient, 
able; comp. -wrepos, superl. -wraros. 

txavios, (adv.) sufficiently. 

txerevw, I supplicate, entreat; fut. 
-evow, (ixétns, a suppliant.) 

tds, -dvros, m. a strap, thong. 

tudtov, -ov, n. a cloak. 

tva, (1) (adv.) where; (2) (conj.) 
in order that. 

Urmapyxos, -ov, m. @ commander of 
cavalry, (inmos, and dpxw, I rule.) 

twevs, -éws, m. @ horseman; pl. 
immeis, cavalry, 

trmés, 7, -dv, belonging to a horse; 
70 inmexoy, the cavalry; Owpagt lame 
«0s, a cavalry breastplate. 

Tiros, -ov, m. a horse; ég’ immov, on 
horseback. 

toaor, 3 pl. from ofda. 

tot, imperat. of ofda. 

‘Io6p6s, -o@, m. the Isthmus of Corinth, 
joiniug the Peloponnesus to Nor- 
thern Greece (III. 185). 

topev, 1 pl. from olda. 

lod-mAeupos, -ov, equal-sided. (ico, 
and mAeupa, a side.) 

tcos, -7, -ov, equal; els rd tcov, to 
an equality; é&€ toov, on equal 
terms. 

Toool, -av, m. Issi. or Issus, a town 
in Cilicia, in the N. E. corner of the 
Levant (I. 158). Seventy years 
afterwards it became famous for 
Alexander's victory over the Persians, 
B.C. 333. 

tore, 2 pl. from ofSa, or imperat. 
from io6t. 

tornpt, (trans.) I make to stand, stop, 
set up; fut. ornow, I aor. €ornoa: 
(intrans.) I stand, halt; perf. €0- 


204 


ana, (part. éoras,) 2 aor. éorny, 
I aor. pass. éordOny, 

lorlov, ov, n. a sail. 

loxtpds, -d, -dy, strong. 

loxupds, (adv.) strongly; hence very, 
exceedingly. 

toxw, (a form of éxa,) I stop, 
hinder. 

lows, (adv.) perhaps, (lit. equally.) 

tréov, verb. adj. from eZpu, one must 


£9. 
Crus, -vos, f. the rim of a shield. 
trwoav, 3 pl. imperat. of ef. (Lat. 
ibo.) 


txvtov, -ov, n, a trace, track. (ixvos, 
a track.) 

tw, lov, pres. subj, and part. of elu. 
(Lat. ibo.) 


K, 


xoQ-eLonar, I sit down, rest, halt; 
impf. é«a0-e(éunv. 

xaQ-els, 2 aor. part. of xad-inpt. 

xaQ-éX\kw, J draw down; fut. -éAfo. 
impf. a0-eiAKov. 

xa0-evSw, J sleep; imperf. éxadevdor. 

Ka0-nKw, J reach down; 10 xa0-jjKov, 
the part reaching down. 

Ka0-npar, J sit down, encamp. 

xaQ-inpr, I send down, let fall; fut. 
-now, impf. -inv. eis mpoBoArny ra 
Sépara Kad-tévres, couching their 
spears, lit. ‘letting down their spears 
for attack.’ 

xa0-lornpt, (trans.) I set in order, 
settle, appoint; fut.xara-ornoo; (in- 
trans.) I am placed: perf. xa0-éorn- 
ka, 2 aor. kaT-éoTny. 

xaQ-opdw, I look down upon, behold; 
fut. xaT-doua, 2 aor. kaT-et Sov. 

wal, (conj.) (1) and; (2) also, even; 
wai... kat, both... and, 

Kaitos, -ov, m. the Caicus, a river in 
Mysia, flowing by Pergamus (VIII. 
532.) 

Kawwal, -dv, f. Caenae, a town in 
Mesopotamia on the Tigris (III. 
98); perhaps the ancient Assyrian 
Calah, mentioned in Genesis, x, 11. 


VOCABULARF, 


kalirep, although, (with participle.) 

Katpés, -00, mM. @ fit time, season, 
opportunity. 

xalrot, and yet. 

xalw, I burn, kindle; fut. xatow, 1 
aor. €xavoa, perf. pass, «éxavpat. 

kaklous, nom. pl. of «asiow, contr. 
for xaxtoves, 

xakés, -h, -dv, bad, wicked, cowardly; 
comp. xaxiwy, superl, xaxioros: 
n, pl. «axa, evils, misfortunes. 

Kaxoupyéw, I do evil; with acc. I ir 
jure; fut. ow. (Kaxdy, épyov.) 

xéAapos, -ov, m.a reed. (Lat. cala- 
mus.) 

Kkadéw, I call, summon, invite; fut. 
-éow, perf. xéxAnwa, perf. pass. 
KéxAn pat. 

{paxos, -ov, m. Callimachus, an 
Arcadian captain (V. 258). 

kahés, -7, -dv, beautiful, fair, noble, 
good; comp. xaAAloy, superl, xaA- 
AloTos. 

KaA@s, (adv.) fairly, nobly, well. 
kadA@s éxev, to be well (lit. ‘ina 
good condition’); superl, xdd- 
Avora. 

KdArn, -78, f. Calpé, a river and town 
in Bithynia: its ruins are marked 
by two harbours called Kerpeb. 

KaAxndovia, -as, f. Calchedonia, the 
district round Calchedon, 

Kadxndav, -dvos, f. Calchédon, 3 
town in Bithynia. 

kdpvw, I labour, am weary, am sick} 
fut. capodpat, perf, réxpnea, 2 aor. 
éxapov. Ol kdpvovres, the sick. 

Katrvds, -ov, m. smoke. 

kapBarwar, -ov, f. pl. shoes (of ur 
dressed leather), brogues, 

KapSo0bxor, m. the Carduchians, 2 
hill tribe in Armenia, now the 
Kurds, or Kurdistan. 

Kaprata, -as, f. the Carpaian, a mimic 
dance among the Thegsalians. 

kapirés, -ov, m. fruit. 

Kdpuoy, -ov, a nut, chestnut. 

kata, prep. with gen. and acc. (root 
meaning down). I. with gen. i. 


ee a 


VOCABULARY. 


down from, down in: ii. down upon, 
against, II. with acc. i. of place, 
down along, along, among, about ; 
xara, yiv Kat Kard Oddarray, by 
land and sea: ii. of time, as xara 
TouTov Tov xpéovoy, at this time : iii. 
(especially) according to, as regards; 
Kara Kparos, by force or at full 
speed (see dva Kparos), kara Adxous, 
by companies. In Composition, down, 
downright or utterly, against. Be- 
fore an aspirated vowel xara becomes 
xaQ’, as Kad’ Hpuépay, daily, 

xara-Balvw, I come down, descend, 
go down to the sea; fut. -Bhoopat, 
2 aor. Kar éBny. 

wxat-ayyé\Aw, I denounce, disclose ; 
fut. -ayyeAd, -NyyelAa. 

KaTd-yeiog, -ov, underground, subter- 
ranean, (kata, beneath, and yi, the 
earth.) 

xat-cyvupt, I break; fut. -dfw, 2 perf. 
-éaya. 

xar-dyw, I bring down, bring home, 
restore; fut. -afw. 

wara-Suokw, J pursue close; fut. Bid- 


0). 

xata-Suw, (intrans, and Mid.) J sink 
down; perf. -8é3uxa, 2 aor. kat-€5uy : 
(trans.) in fut, xara-5bow, and 1 aor. 
war-tdvoa, I cause to sink, sink. 

xata-Qedopar, I look down upon, 
watch, observe; fut. -Oedoopat. 

xatra-Qéw, I run down; fut. -Oevoopat. 

xara-kalw, I burn down; fut. -xkabow. 

ward-Keat, I lie down; fut. -xeico- 


pas. 

wxara-Krelo, ZF shut in, enclose; fut. 
-Kdelow. 

xata-Kémre, I cut down, cut up; fut. 
-Kdipo, 

xara-ktdopat, I get or gain for my- 
self; fut. -«Thoopat. 

xara-crelvw, J kill; fut. -«revd, 1 aor. 
war-€xreva, 2 aor. -éxravov. 

Kkara-KkwArtw, I keep back; fut. -ewAv- 
ow. (xwdrvo, I prevent.) 

xata-AapBdve, I seize upon, catch, 
overtake, find; fut. -Aipouas, perf. 


205 


wat-elAnga, I aor. pass. KaT-eAn Pony, 
2 aor. kaT-éAaBoy, 

xara-Acittw, J leave behind; fut. 
-Aciibw, 2 aor. Kat-EéAcTrov. 

Kata-pévw, J stay behind; fut. -peva, 
I aor. xar-épeva. 

Kata-mydaw, I leap down; fut. 
17570. 

Kkata-ninrw, I fall down; fut. -ne- 
covpat, perf. -wéwroxa, 2 aor. Kar- 
érrecoy, 

xata-ppittw, I hurl down, throw 
down, scatter ; 1 aor, Kat-éppia. 

kata-oKevdlw, I prepare, furnish; fut. 
-oxevadow, ‘xara, downright.) 

kata-onnvéw, -do, or -dw, I pitch my 
tent, encamp. (Kata, down on the 
ground, and oxhvn, tent.) 

kata-ogdlw, J kill, slaughter, 2 aor. 
pass. xaT-eoparyny. 

xata-oy(flw, J cleave asunder, burst 
open (rds mvAas); fut. -oxtow. 

kata-rlOniu, I lay down, establish, 
deposit; fut. -@j70w, I aor. KaT- 
€0nKa. 

kata-rpfxo, I run down; fut. 
-Spapotpa, 2 aor. kar-éSpapoy. 

Kata-dayetv, 2 aor. infin. with pres. 
wara-Tpéxa. 

kara-palvw, (Act.) I show, exhibit ; 
(Mid.) Z appears fut. -paya. 

xat-éata, I aor. of xaT-d-yyupe. 

Kat-etSov, 2 aor. with pres, «aQ- 
opao), 

Kat-eoGiw, I eat up, devour; fut. 
kat-é5opat, 2 aor. -éparyov. 

xat-éxw, I hold, maintain; reach, 
compel; fut. wa0-éfo and kara- 
oXHow, 2 aor. Kat-éoxov, (kata = 
downright.) 

Kat-nyopéw, I speak against, accuse 
(with gen.); fut. -yyophow. 

xat-npepllw, I calm, appease; 1 aor, 
~npémioa, 

xat-ouxllw, I found (a city); fut. 
-oikiow, I aor, -yKioa. 

Kat-opitrw, I bury; fut. -opvtw, perf. 
-opwpuxa, perf. pass. -opwpuypat. 

xatw, (adv.) down, downwards, below. 


206 

kadpa, -dros, n. heat. (xalw, I 
burn.) 

Kavouos, -ov, fit for burning, com- 
bustible. 

Kditorpog, -ov, m. Caster, a river in 
the little known interior of Phrygia: 
not to be confounded with the 
well-known Cajyster, which flows 
into the sea at Ephesus. 

Katiorpou méSiov, the plain of Cay- 
ster, an important town in the 
interior of Phrygia: not to be con- 
founded with the Cayster-plains near 
Ephesus, The northern road from 
Byzantium, and the western from 
Sardis, joined here on the route to 
Iconium and Syria (I. 63). 

ketpar, J lie; fut. xeicopar. Used as 
pass. of ri@nju,=J am placed. 

KeAawal, -ay, f. Celaenae, a town in 
Phrygia, east of Colossae (I. 53). 

KedXetw, ZI order, bid, command; fut. 
KeAEVoW, I aor. éxéAevoa. 

xevés, -, -dv, empty, void. 

Kevrptrys, -ov, m. the Centrites, an 
eastern tributary of the Tigris di- 
viding Armenia from the country 
of the Carduchi (IV. 370). 

Kepapav ’Ayopa, -ds, f. Ceramorum 
Agora, a town on the frontiers of 
Mysia (I. 63). 

képas, xépws (xépdros), n. a horn; 
the wing of an army. ént Képas 
dyew, to lead in column; lit. ‘to 
lead towards the wing,’ i.e, all 
facing to the right (or left), instead 
of marching with a broad front. 

Kepacots, -ovvros, f. Cerasus, a town 
in Pontus (VI. 92). 

KepaA-adyijs, -€8, causing headache. 
(xepadn, head, and dAyos, pain.) 

KepaAn, 78, f. the head. 

wiSopat, J care for (with gen.). 

kyplov, -ov, n. a honey-comb, 

Kijpus, dros, m. a herald, 

xnptttw, I proclaim, announce; fut. 
wnpbéo, perf. pass. Kexhpuypat. 

uta, -as, f. Cilicia, the S. E, 
coiner of Asia Minor, 


VOCABULARY, 


Kitwooa, -ns, f. a Cilician women; § 
Kiduooa, the Cilician Queen, Epy- 
axa (1. 67). 

xivSuvevo, J incur danger, run a risk; 
sc there is a risk that I... (with 
infin; fut. avduvedow.  (alvduvcs, 
danger.) 

xlv8ivos, -ov, m. danger, risk. 

xwéo, I move; fat. cavhow. 

KX éav6pos¢, -ov, m. Cleander, a Lace- 
daemonian ‘ harmost’ or governor ia 
Byzantium. 

KAcdvwp, -opos, m. Cleanor, an Arc 
dian general (IV. 66). 

KnXéapxos, -ov, m. Clearchus, chief of 
the Greek generals in Cyrus’ army: 
a Spartan commander in the Pelo 
ponnesian war, afterwards condemn- 
ed to death for disobedience. He 
joined Cyrus, and was killed by 
treachery of Tissaphernes. 

kelOpov, -ov, n. a bolt, bar. («Ach 
I shut.) 

wrelw, I shut; fut. xactow, perf. 
Kéxdecka, perf, pass. «éxAcspou aod 
KéxA ero pat. 

Khéwrw, I steal; fut. «rdw, perf 
Kéxdopa, perf. pass. xéA ppc. 

kAtpa£, -dsos, f. a ladder. 

Aon, -78, f. theft, (xAéwro.) 

xvédas, -aos, and -ouvs, n. dar 
twilight. (Cp. vépos, a cloud.) 

kvnpls, -idos, f., in pl. leg armouw, 
greaves. («vipn, the shin-bone.) 

Koto, -7, -ov, hollow. 

xowpdw, (Act.) I put to sleep; (Mid) 
I fall asleep; fut. xowpehow. 

Kow6ds, -f, -dy, common. Td wower, 
the community : Gard sowod, at the 
public cost. 

Kowwv6és, -o0, m. @ sharer, partner. 
(xowvds, common.) 

Kohdlw, I punish; fut. xordow, pert. 
pass. xexdAaopai. 

Kodoocat, -dy, f. Colossae, a town 


in Foren (I. 50). 

Kodxis, -idos, f. Colchis, a country at 
the eastern extremity of the Black 
Sea. 


oe a 


VOCABULARY, 


KéaAyou, -ov, m. the Colchians or the 
people of Colchis. 

woAwvds, -00, M. a mound, 

xoplfe, (Act.) I fetch, bring s (Mid.) 
i return; 1 aor. éxdpuca. 

wovuités, -7, -dv, plastered. (xovia, 
lime-dust.) 

xovioprés, -ov, m. a cloud of dust. 
(xéns, dust, and Spyupz, I raise.) 

xdétpos, -ov, m. dung. 

xdmre, I cut down, knock; fut. xdyo. 

Koptdas, -a, m. Corylas, ruler of 
Paphlagonia, and aiming at inde- 
pendence from Persia (VI. 323). 

Kopudn, -78, f. top, summit. 

xédcpios, -ov, orderly, under good 
discipline. 

Koriéwpa, -wy, n. Cotyora, a2 town 
in Pontus, 

xotdos, -7, -ov, light, nimble. 

Koudues, (adv.) lightly, nimbly. 

Kpdvos, -ovs, n. a helmet. 

xpitréw, (with gen.) I rule, conquer, 
get possession of, (with acc.) hold, 
keep; fut. x«parjow. (xparos, 
strength.) 

Kp&rip, -7jjpos,m. @ goblet. (Kxepdy- 
vupu, I mix.) 

kpdtiota, adv. of xpdricros, most 
bravely, best. 

kpdmiotos, -7, -ov, strongest, best, 
noblest; used as superl. of dyads. 

xpirogs, -ovs, n. strength; xara patos, 
dyad xparos, with all one’s might, 
i.e. at full speed, 

xpavy?, -~jjs, f. a shout. (xpddw, I 
shout.) 

xpéas, dros, n. flesk, meat. Generally 
in pl. 7a xpéa. 

xpelrrwv, -ov, stronger, better, supe- 
rior; from xparis, but used as 
compar, of dyaGés. 

t, I hang (used as Mid. of 
fliers yu); fut. xpeufoopar, 
xpyvn, -78, f. a fountain, spring. 
xprOf, -78, f. barley (often in pl.). 
xplOtvos, -7, -ov, made of barley, 

olvos xpiivos, lit. ‘barley wine,’ i.e. 
beer or whisky, 


207 


xplve, I judge, distinguish, consider ; 
fut. xptv@, perf. xéxptxa, perf. pass. 
wéxptpat, I aor. pass. éxplOny. 

xplois, -ews, f. a trial, (xplva, I 
judge.) 

Kpéros, -ov, m. a noise (produced by 
striking), clapping of hands. 

Kpotw, I strike, clash; fut. epovow. 

Kpvmtw, I hide, conceal ; fut. xpiipe, 
perf. xéxptpa, perf. pass. céxpuppas, 
I aor. pass. éxpupOny. 

krdopat, J acquire, gain, possess; fut. 
xThoopas, perf. eéxrnpat. 

xtelvw, J hill, slay, put to death; fut. 
Kkreva, I aor. éxrewa. For the 
passive Oynoxw, J die, is used. 

KTijvos, -ovs, n. property; (plural) 
cattle, beasts of burden, (xTdopa, 
I acquire.) 

KTyjcopat, fut. of xrdopat. 

kuBepvirns, -ov, m. a steersman, pilot, 
(Lat. gubernator.) 

Kutuenvos, -4, -dv, of or from Cyzicus, 
a town in the Propontis. 

Kufucnvds, sc. orarnp, a Cyzicene, or 
gold coin of Cyzicus, worth about a 
Napoleon, 16s. 

Kufixos, -ov, f. Cyzicus, a peninsula 
and town on the Propontis or Sea of 
Marmora. 

KUKXOS, -ov, m. acircle, ring; KUKAy, 
all round, lit. in a circle. 

xuxAédw, I encircle, surround; fut. 
KuKAWOO. 

KkuAwdéo, J roll. 

Kwuvickos, -ov, m. Cyniscus, a Spartan 
governor in the Chersonese, 

Kipos, -ov, m. Cyrus the younger, the 
second of the two sons of Darius 
Nothus; killed at Cunaxa, 8.c. 401. 
(Cyrus the Great founded the Persian 
monarchy, took Babylon, and re- 
leased the Jews, 538 8.c.) 

kU¥wv, xuvds, m, and f. a dog. (Lat. 
canis, Eng. hound.) 

kwoAvwo, I hinder, prevent; fut. 
KAYO, 


kopy, -78, f. a village. 


208 


A, 


AaPetv, AaBdv, 2 aor. infin. and part. 
of AapBaya, 

Aayxavew, I obtain by lot, obtain, get; 
fut. Anfopat, perf. etAn xa, perf. pass. 
etAnypuat, 2 aor. €Aaxov. 

AdOpa, secreily, (with gen.) without 
the knowledge of. 

AaxeSatpsviog, -a, -oy, Lacedaemo- 
nian, or inhabitant of Lacedaemon 
or Sparta, in Peloponnesus, The 
nobles were called Spartans. All 
Spartans were Lacedaemonians, but 
all Lacedaemonians were not Spar- 
tans. : 

Adkkog, -ov, m. a hole, pit. (Lat. 
lacus.) 

Adkwv, -wvos,m. a Laconian, a free 
citizen of the country near Sparta. 

AapBava, 1 take, seize, receive, (with 
gen. take hold of): fut. Afpopmas, 
perf. eiAnga, perf. pass. eiAnppat, 
2 aor. éAaBov. 

Aaprporys, -770s, f. brightess, 
splendour (Aaunpos, bright). 

Adptw, I shine, gleam; fut. Adpbo. 

Aapipaxyveés, -ov, m. a Lampsacene, 
or inhabitant of Lampsacus. 

Adpipaxos, -ov, f. Lampsacus, a town 
in the north of Mysia on the 
Hellespont, now Lamsaki, nearly 
opposite Gallipoli (VIII. 485). 

AavOavw, (Act.) ZI lie hid, escape 
notice, (with acc.) escape notice of, 
hence with part. (I do a thing) 
unawares; (Mid.) I forget; fut. 
Anow, perf. AéAnOa, perf. pass. 
AéAnopa, 2 aor. €Aadov. 

Aaxev, 2 aor. part. of Aayxdvw. 

héyo, I say, speak; fut. Aéfw, I aor. 
éAega, perf. pass. AdAeypau, 

Aelia, -as, f. booty, spoil. 

Aelaw, I leave, forsake, abandon; fut. 
Aetibw, perf. A€AouTwa, 2 aor. EArTov. 

AeAelipopat, paulo-post fut. of Aetna, 

Aédourra, perf. of Aeiz. 

Aeuxo-Qdpak, -dxos, m. and f. wearing 
a white breastplate. 


VOCABULARF, 


Leuxéds, -17, -dv, white. 

AHyo, J cease, leave off; fut. Affw. 

AnLopat, J plunder, ravage. (Aca, 
plunder.) 

Antréos, -a, -ov, must be taken, verbal 
adj. of AapBarw. 

Aporhs, -o}, m. a robber. (Acla, 
plunder.) 

Ajo, fut. of AarOdva. 

Anopar, fut. of AapBaves. 

Ai8os, -ov, m. a stone. 

Auphy, -évos, m. a harbour, haven. 

Aipds, -ov, m. hunger, famine. 

Abyos, -ov, m. a word, speech, report; 
in pl. a conference. (Aé-yw, I speak.) 

Adyxn,. -78, f. a spear-head, lance. 

AoSopéw, I rail at, abuse; fut. Ao 
Sopnow. . 

Aounds, -f, -dv, remaining, left; 1d 
Aorwdv, (1) (subst.) the remaining 
part, (2) (adv.) henceforward; o 
Aorwol, the rest. (Lat. reliqui.) 

Addgos, -ov, m, a hill, eminence. 

Aoxayéds, -00, a captain. (Adxos, a 
company, and #yéopat, I lead.) 

ASxos, -ov, m. a company (generally 
of a hundred men). 

Av8&ia, -as, f. Lydia, in Asia Minor. 

Avxvos, -ov, m. Lycius, an Athenian 
cavalry officer (IV. 152). 

Aivxov, -wvos, m. Lycon, an Achaean; 
one of the deputies sent to Heraclea 
(VII. 43). sea ts 

Auréw, J grieve, pain, distress. (Aum, 
grief.) 

Avan, -78, £. grief, sorrow. 

Aveo, J loose, release, (of oaths and 
treaties) I break; (Mid.) Z redeem, 
ransom; fut. Avow, perf. A€A«a, 
perf. pass, A€Avuor, L aor. pass. 
éAUvOnY. 

M, 


Malav&pos, -ov, m. the Maeander, 2 
tiver between Lydia and Caria (1. 
47). 

palvopa, J am mad; perf. pépnva 
(with pres, meaning), 2 aor. pass. 
épavyy. ; 


i 





VOCABULARY. 


Marodsys, -ov, m. Maesades, king of 


wt Thrace, father of Seuthes (VIII, 


137): 


Maxioros, -ov, m. a Macistian, or 
inhabitant of Macistus, a town of 


Elis in the N. W. of Peloponnesus, — 


paxpés, -d, -dv, long, great, large; 
comp. paxpérepos, superl. paxpéd- 
Taros (also pdcowy, pnKicros), 

“‘saxpérepov, comp. adv. further. 


Uaxpwves, -ov, m. the Macrones, a. 


‘tribe of Pontus, bordering on the 
Euxine. 

pada, much, very; comp. paddov, 
more, superl. padvora, most, especi- 
ally. With numerals, at most, i. e. 
about. 


pavOdvw, I learn, understand; fut. 


padhcopa, perf, pepdOnka, 2 aor. 

€padov. =, 

vreia, -as, f. a prediction, oracle. 

vtiveis, -wv, m. Mantineans, or 

natives of Mantinéa, in Arcadia. 
pavris, -ews, m. @ prophet, sooth- 

sayer. 

pdpovos, -ov, m. a bag. 

paptupéw, I am a witness, testify. 
(pdprus, a witness.) [Eng. martyr.] 

Mapwvelrys, -ov, m. a Maronean, or 
native of Maronéa, in Thrace. 

paotiyée, I scourge, flog; fut. pac- 
tTrywow, (pdorig, a scourge.) 

payatpa, -as, f. scimetar, sabre. 
paxn, ~78, f. a fight, battle. 

paxopa, I fight (with dat.); fut. 
paxovpa, perf. pepdxnpa. 

peyado-mpetas, magnificently ; comp. 
-€arepov, superl. -éo7ara. (Adv. 
of peyado-mpen)s, from péyas, 
great, and mpéne, it is conspicu- 
ous.) 

Meyapevs, -éws, m. a Megarean, or 
native of Megara on the Isthmus, 
north of Corinth. 

péyas, peyaAn, péya, great, large, 
important, (of sound) loud; comp. 
peiCov, superl, péy:oros. 

pedvw, Iam drunk; fot.-vow. (pédv, 
pure wine, Lat. merum.) 


P 


209 


pe({wv, comparative of péyas (for 
péeyjov). 

perlyvos, -a, -ov, mild, gracious, a 
title of Zeus, 

petvat, I aor. infin. of wévo. 

pelwv, -wv, -ov, smaller, less, inferior. 
(Comp. of puxpés.) 

MeAavdira, m. the Melanditae, or 
inhabitants of Melandia in Thrace, 
N. W. of Byzantium. 

pAas, pédava, uéday, black; comp. 
peAdyrepos, superl. peAdyraros. 

peer, (impers.) i¢ concerns, is a care to, 
(with dat.) as péAe pot, it is a care 
to me, i.e. I care; fut. peAjoet. 

peActdw, I practise; fut. pereriow. 
peAtvn, ~ns, f. millet, a kind of corn 
smaller than maize. 

peAdAw, I am about to do, intend, 
delay; fut. weAAnow: 1d péAdAor, 
the future. 

péepvynpar, I remember; perf. pass. of 
pupyvynokw, in middle sense, fut. 
pepynoopat. 

pev, lit. in the first place, on the one 
hand (answered by 68€); often 
rendered by a stress on the pre- 
ceding word, ‘O péy, the one... 6 
Se, the other, of pév, some... ol 
Se, others. 

pévrou, however ; certainly. 

pévnn, I remain, (trans.) wait for; fut. 
pev@, perf. pepévnxa, 1 aor. 
épeva. 

Mévav, -wvos, m. Menon, one of the 
Greek generals, a Thessalian (I. 
58). 

pépos, -ovs, n. a part, share; division 
(of army); specimen. 

peonpBpla, -as, f. mid-day. 
meridies.) 

peod-yatos, -a, -ov, midland, the in- 
terior. (péoos, middle, and yi, 
land.) 

pécos, -7, -ov, middle, midst, (Lat. 
medius); 1d péoov, the centre (of 
an army), péon Huépa, or pécoy 
Huépas, mid-day. 

peorés, -f, -dv, full (with gen.) 


(Lat. 


a 


7 


210 


pera, prep. with gen. and acc. [root 
meaning, ‘in the middle’ (yéc0s).} 
I. with gen. with, in company with. 
II. with acc. next to, after. Obs. 
pera ravra, after these things, but 
pera tovrow, with these (men). 
In Composition, i. sharing with ; ii. 
after (with verbs of motion), as 
pera-réuwopat; iii. change, as pera- 
yyowonm, I change my mind. 

péAe, impers. it repents (with 

dat.); fut. -peAqoes. 

pera-téumw, generally in Mid. pera- 
atpwopat, I send for, summon; 
fut, -wéwpopat. 

péxpt, prep. with gen., up to, as far 
as; also conjunction, unél. 

py, ot, the dependent negative 
answering roughly to Lat. ne; i. 
not, with other particles, as ef 2), 
if not, unless; tva pr, ws pi), Sos 
pn, that not, or lest; ii. that not, or 
not to with infin. as dpyupe pr) Exe, 
I swear that I have not, werXevo pr) 
nove, I bid you not to do it; iii. 
with participle, if not, a8 yet) wowwy, 
if he does not do=el pr) moet; iv. 
that, or lest, after verbs of fearing, 
as 5€50:na pr) womoys, J fear that 
or lest you may do; so=from after 
verbs of hindering, as kwAvw oe p2) 
mo.eiv, I hinder you from doing; v. 
in directly forbidding, with pres. 
imper. or aor. subj. as yi) mote, do 
not do it (as a habit), pa) momoys, 
d> not do it (now). 

pydé, (conj). neither, nor, not even. 

pydels, -epnia, -év, no one, (lit. unde 
els, not even one.) 

pndémorte, (adv.) never (lit. not even 


ever). : 
Mndla, -as, f. Media, south of the 
Caspian, west of the Tigris. 
M7Soxos, -ov, m. Meddcus, king of the 
Odrysians in Thrace (VIII. 141). 
MySocd6ys, -ov, m. Medosddes, a 
Thracian, envoy of Seuthes (VIII. 
117). 
pPykén, (adv.) no longer. 


VOCABULARY, 


piv, truly indeed. (Lat. vero); «al 
pv, moreover. 
piv, pyvds, a month. 
ph wore, (adv.) never. (7) and zorté.) 
pnpés, -ov, m. the thigh. 
mre, (uh, TE), Nor; pyre... pyre, 
neither ...nor; phre...Te€, not 
only not... but. 
pirnp, -tpés, f. a mother. 
pytp6-woNts, -ews, f. the mother-cily; 
capital. 
pyxavdopat, I contrive, plan, devise; 
fut. -foopa, perf. pepnxarnpm. 
(un xavn, a device.) 
PnXavh, -78, f. means, device, con 
trivance. (Lat. machina.) 
. fem. of els, one. 
Opdarys, -ov, m. Mithridates, 2 
Persian satrap of Cappadocia (IV. 
138). 
pixpds, -d, -dy, small, little. Comp. 
puxpérepos, éAdrraw and peiow: 
sup. juxpéraros and éAdycoros, 
puxpdv 1, some little (money). 
Kard puikpov, in small portions. 
pipvioke, (Act.) I remind, (Mid) I 
remember, mention, fut. pyhoopat, 
perf. wépyy paz, with present meaning. 
proto, I hate; fut. -how, (pies, 
hatred.) : 
prodo-5érys, -ov, m. a pay-master. 
(m000s, pay, and SiS, I give). 
proQds, -ov, m. pay, reward. 
pyjcopas, fut. of puprhoro. 
ports, (adv.) with difficulty. 
pdvov, (adv.) only (properly nent. of 
vos). 
td -n, ~ov, alone, only. 
omovvotkot, -ov,m. the Mossynoeti, 
a people in Asia Minor, on the Black 
Sea, west of Trapezus (yéoow, 
wooden tower, oixéw, I dwell). 
puto, I suck in, lit. ‘drink in with 
closed lips.’ (jv, mute.) 
MuplavSpos, -ov, f. Myriandrus, 4 
town between Issus and Antioch 
(I. 165). 
pupras, -dios, f. ten thousand in nutr 
ber, a myriad. 


VOCABULARY. 


pbprot, -a:, -a, ten thousand; pvplor, 
countless, numberless, (Distinguish 
by accents.) 

Muoia, -as, f. Mysia, the N. W. 
province of Asia Minor. 


pups, -d, -dv, foolish. 


N. 


val, (adv.) yes. 

vat, -78, f. a woody dell, glen. 

VG1r0S, -ovs, D. = van. 

vat-apxos, ov, m. the commander of 
a fleet, an admiral. (vais, a ship, 
and dpxw, I command.) 

vau-Tyyyouos, -ov, useful for ship- 
building. (vais, and mhyuu, J 
Jasten.) 

vats, veds, pl. vies, f. a ship. 

vautixés, -7, -dv, naval. (vais, ship.) 

veavloxos, -ov, mM. @ young man, a 
youth, . 

vexpos, -o, m. a dead body, corpse. 

vénco, (1) I distribute, (2) divide as 
pasture, hence Pass. véuecOat, to be 
grazed on; xpéa veveunpéva, meat 
divided, i.e. slices of meat, fut. vepo, 
perf. vevéunka, I aor. éverpa. 

veé-Sapros, -ov, newly flayed. (véos, 
new, and Sépw, I flay.) 
as, -a, -ov, fresh, young. Comp. 
vewrepos; superl. vedraros. 

veupa, -as, f, a sinew, cord for a sling, 
bow-string. 

vevcopat, fut. of véw, 

vedéXn, -178, f. a cloud, mist. 

véw, I swim, fut. vevoopar. 

Néwv, -ovos, m. Neon, an Asinaean, 
successor of Cheirisophus, and op- 
ponent of Xenophon. 

vixdw, I conquer, overcome, prevail ; 
fut. mexhow, 

vlxn, -7s, f. victory, conquest. 

votw, I perceive, observe ; fut. vonow, 
I aor. événoa. (vdos, mind.) 

vopl{w, I consider, think; 1 aor. 
évduioa, perf. pass. vevdpmsopas. 
7a vou Copeva, rites of burial, lit. 
‘the things considered usual.’ 


211 


vournos, -7, -ov, customary, usual. 
(vdpos.) 

vépos, -ov, m. custom, law. 

véos, -ov, m. contr. vobg, voi, etc., 
mind, thought, intention. 

vécos, -ov, f. disease, sickness. 

véros, -ov, m. the south wind. (Lat. 
Notus.) 

vuxrepevo, I pass the night, bivouac ; 
fut. -evow. (vuf.) 

viv, (adv.) now. (Lat. nunc.) 6 viv 
ee the present time. 

vi, vucrds, f. night; vuerds, by night, 
Ti vurra, all night long. 

vartov, -ov, n. the back, 


E. 


Elevfas, -ov, m. Xenias, a general from 
ae ae who deserted Cyrus (I. 
167). 

Eevilw, I entertain, 1 aor. éfénoa. 
(févos, a guest-friend.) 

Eévios, -a, -ov, hospitable; neut. pl. 
Eévua, friendly gifts, presents. 

Eévos, -ov, m.a guest-friend, stranger. 

Eevod&v, -avros, m. Xenophon, an 
Athenian, born B.c. 444, a pupil of 
Socrates, who carried him out of 
the battle of Delium (8.c. 424) 
on his shoulders, Xenophon was 
strongly opposed to the popular 
government at Athens, and an ad- 
mirer of the Spartan oligarchy; he 
was therefore glad to leave Athens 
in 401 and join Oyrus, on the in- 
vitation of his friend Proxenus, a 
Theban, whose acquaintance he had 
made when he was a prisoner at 
Thebes, After the murder of 
Clearchus he was made commander 
of the army. In the spring of 399 
he gave over the army to Thibron 
the Spartan and returned to Athens, 
Socrates had been put to death, and 
Xenophon was banished for having 
joined Cyrus, an ally of the Spartans. 
He then fought in Asia wndet hs 
Spartan king Agedilans, ad on Us 


P22 


a 


212 


return of the fatter to Greece he 
even fought on his side against his 
own countrymen at Coronea, B.c, 
394, for which the Spartans rewarded 
him with a gift of land near Olym- 
pia. He lived there till 371, and 
then went to Corinth, where he 
died, probably about 355. Besides 
the Axabasis, his chief works are 
(1) the Hellenica, a Greek history 
for forty-eight years, ending with 
the battle of Mantinea, B.c. 362; 
(2) Memorabilia, or memoirs of So- 
crates’conversations ; (3 )Cyropaedia, 
or the education of the elder Cyrus, 
founder of the Persian monarchy. 
In the Hellenica he attributes the 
authorship of the Anabasis to one 
Themistogenes of Syracuse, pro- 
bably a nom de plume for him- 
self. 

Eéptns, -ov, m. Xermes, king of Persia, 
son of Darius I (Hystaspes) ; he in- 
vaded Greece, and was defeated at 
Salamis, B.c. 480. , 

E(dos, -ous, n. a sword. 

EUAIvos, -7, -ov, wooden, (fUAov.) 

EdXov, -ov, n. wood. 


O. 


6, }, 76, (1) the def. art. the; (2) pro- 
noun he, she, as 6 82 elev, and he 
said. 

éBeXoxos, -ov, m. a little spit ot spear. 

éySohKovra, eighty. 

S5e, #3, rd3e, this, properly, this one 
here. It often refers to what is 
coming, as édefe rade, he spoke as 
follows. 

886s, -ov, f. away, road, journey, ex- 
pedition, 

*OSpvoys, -ov, m. an Odrysian, or one 
of the Odrysae, a Thracian tribe 
(VIII. 139). 

SOev, (adv.) whence; from whom or 
Jrom which. 

olkaSe, (adv.) homewards. (otkos, 
home.) 


VOCABULARY, 


of8a, Z know, perf. used as pres., from 
elS3ov (2 aor. with pres. dpdo). 
Plural fopev, tore, tcacr, imperat. 
to. 

olxeios, -a, -ov, domestic; of olxeiot, 
one’s family, lit. ‘ those at home.’ 

olxéwo, I dwell, live, (trans.) inhabit; 
fut. olxjow, perf. pass. @enpat. 

olxnpa, -diros, n. a dwelling, house. 

olxia, -as, f. a house. 

olxife I found, settle; 1 aor. gece, 
perf. gaopas. 

olxofev, (adv.) from home. (oles, 
home. 

olor, (adv.) at home. Properly a 
locative case of olxos. 

otxos, -ov, m. @ house, home. (Lat 
vicus.) 

otpat. See ofopat. 

otvos, -ov, m. wine. (Lat. vinum.) 

olvoxdog, -ov, m. acup-bearer. (oivos, 
and xéw, J pour.) 

ofopat, contr. otpat, I think, suppose; 
fut. ol7couat, I aor. @yOny, imperf. 
eopny. 

olos, -a, -ov, what sort of, (such) as. 
(Lat. qualis.) olds ré ely, I am 
able ; oldy ré éort, it is possible. 

ols, olds, f. sheep (Lat. ovis) ; acc. pl. 
ols. 

ofxopat, J am gone, I depart; fot. 
olxfoopes, imperf, pxduny. 

olwvés, -ov, m. (1) @ large bird, bird 
of prey: hence (2) an omen. 

dnArAdlw, I bend the knee, crouch down: 
fut. d«Adow. 

Skvos, -ov, m. a shrinking, reluctance, 
unwillingness. 

dxraxts-x(Aror, -at, -2, eight thousand. 

dnt, eight. (Lat. octo.) 

éAéoat, I aor. infin. act. of SAAvpm. 

dAlyos, -7, -ov, few, small; GAlyas 
TAnyds maiew, to strike too few 
blows. 

dAtoOdve, I slip; fut. drArOhow, 2 
aor. wAaOoy. 

Sdos, -7, -ov, whole, entire. 

dpBhSs, -f, -dy, even, level, smooth 

Dpmpos, -ov, m. @ hostage, 


VOCABULARY, 


SplxAn, -8, f. a mist, fog. 

Opvupe, J swear; 1 aor. dpooa, perf. 
éudpoxa, perf, pass. dpdpoo pas. 

povos, -a, -oy, like. 

dpolws, (adv.) likewise, equally. 

Spodoyéw, I acknowledge, confess, 
agree; fut. -how. 

épéoat, 1 aor. infin. act. of dpyupe. 

épod, (adv.) together. 

Spos, (adv.) yet, nevertheless. 

Svap, n. a dream; pl. dveipara (only 
in nom. and acc.), 

évijcw, fut. of dvivnys. 

Ovivnpt, I benefit ; fut. dvfow, I aor. 
dvnoa, I aor. pass, avpOnv. 

Svopa, -aTos, n. a name. 

6vopacri, (adv.) by name. (Svopa.) 

VOS, -ov, m. and f. az ass. 

Smp, (adv.) (1) where; (2) in what 
way, as, 

OomoGev, (adv.) behind. 

Smo0o-puAaxéw, I guard the rear; 
fut. -yow. (SmoGey, and puvdAdocm, 
I guard.) 

émoGo-duAakla, -as, f. the command 
of the rear-guard. 

GmoPo-pvAag, -axos, m. commander 
of the rear-guard, pl. édmeoo- 
vAakes, the rear-guard, 

énlow, (adv.) back. 

éwAlLwo, I arm; 1 aor. &mdu0a, perf. 
pass. &Aicpat. (SrAa, arms.) 

SbmArtevw, fut. -edow, I serve as a 
hoplite or heavy-armed soldier. 

SwAlrys, -ov, m. a hoplite, or heavy- 
armed soldier, (8mAa, arms.) 

StrAov, -ov, n. a heavy shield; mostly 
pl. SAa, (heavy) arms. é rois 
SmAQX8, under arms; els Ta SrAa, 
to the arms, i.e. the place where the 
arms were piled in camp. 

Stow, (adv.) whither, where. 

Strotos, -a, -ov, what sort of. (Lat. 
qualis.) 

Strocos, -7, -ov, how great; in pl. 
Stocot, how many, asmany as. Neut. 
Stogov, as much as, as far as. 

Snétav, whenever, with subj. (dade, 


213 


étréte, whenever, with opt. 

Strovu, (adv.) where, wherever. 

Smrws, (1) how: (2) in order that, that. 

dpaw, I see: fut. Spopas, imperf. éd- 
poy, perf. éwpaxa, perf. pass. wppat, 
I aor. pass, WpOny, fut. pass. dp67- 
Copat, 2 aor. eldov. 

dpyi, -fs, f. anger, passion. 

épyfopar, J am enraged; perf. dpyo- 
pas, I aor. @pyiabny. 

dpevds, -7, -dv, mountainous, hilly; 
dpevot Opanes, the Hill Thracians. 
(pos, a mountain.) ; 

Gp\os, -a, -ov, upright, steep; T 
SpOcov, the slope; SpOcor Ad or, 
compantes in column, as opposed to 
parayé (troops in line). 

dp0és, -7, -dv, straight, upright. 

dpOpos, -ov, m. the dawn. 

dp0as, (adv.) rightly. (dp0ds.) 

dpi, I bound, limit, define; 1 aor. 
Gpioa, perf. pass. Opopar. 

Sptov, -ov, n. a boundary, frontier. 

Spkos, -ov, m. an oath. (Lat. Orcus,’ 
‘the lower world,’ by which they 
swore.) 

Sppdo, (Act.) (1) (trans.) Z incite; (2) 
(intrans.) rush; (Mid.) I set, out; 
fut. dppnow, perf. ppnea, perf. pass. 
Gpynpat. (dpy), an impulse.) 

dppéw, I lie at anchor ; fut. dppjow, 
imperf. dpyovy, aorist supplied by 
éppifw. (Sppos, a harbour.) 

Spy, -78, f. impulse, movement; év 
Oppy, on the start. 

dpplfw, (Act.) I bring to anchor, 
moor; I aor. &pyuoa, (Mid.) J lie 
at anchor. (8ppos, a harbour.) 

Spveov, -ov, n. a bird, 

dpvis, Tos, m, and f. a bird, fowl. 

’Opéverns, -ov, m. Orontes. (1) a 
Persian put to death by Cyrus for 
treachery (I. 228). (2) a satrap of 
Armenia (IV. 250). 

dpos, -ovs, n. a mountain. 

Spodos, -ov, m. thatch, roof. 

dpirrw, J dig; fut. dpvgw, perf. dpd- 
puxa, perf. pars. dpdaquyyoa, veto. 
adj. dpurtos, 


214 
éphaves, -7, -dy, an orphan. 
bpxéopar, I dance; fut. dpxnoopat. 


Spxnors, -ews, f. a dine: 

épxnotpls, -id0s, f. a dancing girl. 

"Opxopéwos, -a, -ov, Orchomenian, 
or an inhabitant of Orchomenus, a 
town in Arcadia, 

3s, 4%, 5, (rel. pronoun) who, whick; 
often with the antecedent omitted, 
he who, that which; & @ (sc. 
xpbvy), during which (time), i.e. 
while. 

Sos, -7, -ov, how great (Lat. quantus), 
(pl.) Soot, how many, as many as, 
(Lat. quot). 

Scos-tep, Son-wep, Soov-wep, as great 
as; in pl. as many as. 

Ss-rep, fj-wep, 5-wep, who, which, just 
the one who, 

Sompuov, -ov, n. pulse, 

Ss-ris, fj-71s, 5 71, who, which, who- 
ever; gen. Srov for of-rivos, dat. 
Srp for wrun. Ue Srov (sc. xpd- 
you), since, 

Srav, (conj.) whenever (always with 
subj.). 

Ste, (conj.) when (with ind. and opt.). 

Srv, (conj.) (1) that; (2) because. 

w, neuter of doris. 6 mi is used 
like Lat. guam with superl., as 3 7 
mA€ioTOL, as many as possible. 

Sre. See Ss-ris. 

ov, not, no (Lat, non); before a vowel 
ovx ; before an aspirate ovy. 

ov, dat. of, acc. €, (pers. pron.) of him- 
self. 

otSaph, (adv.) nowhere, in no way, 
on no occasion. 

ovSapds, zo-how, by no means. 

obSé, (adv.) (1) but not, nor; obre.. 
ovdé, neither .. nor, (2) yet, not even. 

ovdels, obdepia, obdév, no one, none; 


otdév, (adverbially), ix no way, not 


at all, (ovde els, not even one.) 
otx. See od. 
ovKétt, (adv.) no longer. 
otkouv, not therefore, surely not. 
Distinguish by accent from 
otKoty, therefore, then. (Probably 


VOCABULARYF. 


orig. = ovxoww; Interrogative now 
distinguished by accent.) 

oty, therefore, then (Lat. igitur). 

ovmore, never. 

ottre, not yet. 

otpayés, -ot, m. the leader of the 
rear-guard. (obpa, tail.) 

ovpayés, -ot, m. heaven, sky. tap if 
obpayou = rain, 

ots, ards, n. the ear. 

otre, neither, nor. 

otros, avry, rovro, (dem. pronotn), 


this. 

ovros-t, airn-t, rovri, this here (Lat. 
hic-ce). 

otrw, before a vowel otTws, so, thus. 

ovy. See ov, 

Shedos, benefit, service, use, (only 
used in nom. and acc.). 

d0arpés, -0F, m. the eye. (Popa, 
I shall see; fat. with pres. 

bx é0, ore I carry, (Mid.) I ride; 
fut. 6x0, 

SxHpa, -aros, n. a vehicle, support. 

6x 9m, -7s, f. a bank (of a river). 

éxAos, -ov, m. crowd, people, (Lat. 
vulgus); camp followers ofan army; ~ 
dxAov wapéxew, to give trouble. 

Se, (adv.) late. 

Bios, , “a, ~OV, in the evening. (dis, 

sc. Wpa, the evening.) 

Oins, -eus, f. ae sight, 
spectacle. (dpopat.) 

Spopat, fut. with pres. dpdos 


Ii. 
may-Kpdtiov, -ov, n. the pancratium, 


a contest in wrestling and boxing. 
(way, and «pdros, strength.) 

1éQos, Ra D, sufferin (mdoxor, I 
suffer.) 8, 7t 70 wcbos ein, what 
was the matter. 

maQav, -ovca, -dy, 2 aor. part. of 
waco xo. 

maravifo, I raise the paean, (war 
cry or song of victory.) (wards, 
the paean.) 

mawdela, -as, f. education, training, 


- VOCABULARY, 


waidiov, -ov, n, a child; (dim. of 
mais.) 
mais, madés, m. and f, a child, (boy or 


irl, 

mratw, I strike; fut. maiow, 1 aor. 
éraca. 

aradar, (adv.) long ago. (madat dpa, 
I have long been seeing, and so with 
other verbs, like Lat. jamdudum 
video.) 

awadatw, I wrestle, fut. -aicw. 

warn, -ns, f. wrestling. (wddAdw, I 
shake.) 

wad, (adv.) back, again. 

WaATOV, -ov, n. a spear, javelin. 
(waAAw, I shake.) 

mrapmrAnOns, -és, very numerous, 

wGptroAus, -1réAAn, -70Av, very many. 

wavramact(v), (adv.) altogether, 
wholly, entirely. 

qwavrotos, -a, -ov, of all sorts, (nas.) 

mévu, (adv.) altogether, very, fully. 
(was.) 

mapa, prep. with gen. dat. and 
acc. (root meaning beside). I. 
with gen. from, especially of persons, 
as of mapa BaciAéws, the (messen- 
gers) from the king, [lit. ‘from 
beside”]. II. with dat. at, near, 
with, especially, at the house of, 
{lit. ‘at the side’]. III. with acc. 
i. of motion to a point, fo; ii. of 
motion along a line, along, on the 
side of, as mapa Oddartay, along 
the sea (coast); map’ donida, on the 
shield side, i.e. on the left; iii. of 
time, during; iv. (metaphorically) 
compared with, as mapa ravra, 
because of, besides ; hence beside the 
mark, i.e. contrary to, as mapa rovs 
vopous, against the laws. In Com- 
position, i. beside, or near, as wap- 
ecpu, ‘I am near,’ or ‘ present; ii, 
beyond, or ‘beside the mark,’ as 
wapa-Baive, I transgress. 

awapa-BonPéw, I come to help; fut.-jow. 

map-ayyéA\Aw, I command, give orders ; 
(lit. ‘pass the word of command along 


(xapd) the line;”) 1 aor. -#yyeAa. 


215 


mapa-yiyvopat, I come up, am pre- 
sent; fut. -yevjoopas, 2 aor. map- 
evyevouny. 

map-aywo, I bring along, especially 
lead from column into line; fut. 
-dfw, 2 aor. -hryayov. 

mapddecos, -ov, m. a park, (Persia 
word, hence Eng. paradise.) 

mapa-diSwpt, I hand over, give up, 
surrender; fut. -idow, 1 aor. map- 
éSuxa, I aor. pass. -e5d0nv. 

map-aivéw, I recommend, exhort, ad- 
dress; fut. -avéoo., 

mapa-kakéwo, I send for, summon, 
exhort; fut. -xaréow. 

mrapa-Keyrar, I lie beside, or near; 
fut, -ceicopas. (Used as the passive 

' of mapa-riOn ju.) 

mapa-KeAevopat, I exhort, encourage; 
fut. -xeAcvoopat. 

Tapa-Kédevors, gen. -ews, f. a cheering 
on, encouraging. 

mrapa-AapBavw, I take over, receive, 
take to myself; fut. -An~opat, perf. 
nap-eiAnpa, 2 aor. -€AaBor. 

mwapa-wépww, I send along, escort; 
fut. -réuyo, 

mwapa-tAéw, I sail past, sail along ; 
fut. -wAevoopmat. 

mapacdayyns, -ov, m. @ parasang, or 
Persian measured distance = 30 
stadia, or 34 miles. 

mapa-oxevalw, I get ready, prepare ; 
so Mid. prepare for (my own) use; 
fut. -cxevdow, perf. pass. map-eoxeva- 
opas. 

wapa-oKeun, -7s, f. preparation. 

mapa-rattw, I draw up, arrange 
(mapa, side by side, i.e. in order of 
battle); fut. -rdgo, perf. pass, -7é- 
Tayypas, 

mapa-relvw, I stretch out, extend 
(padayya); fut. -rev®, I aor. 
mwap-€T eva. 

mapa-riOnpr, I lay down beside; fut. 
-Ohow, 2 aor. mid, -ebéuny. 

mapa-tpixw, I run by, run past: 
fut. -dpapovpa:, 2 aor. map-édpa- 
poy. 


216 


map-eyyudw, I pass (the word) from 
hand to hand, command. 

mrdp-eypur, I am present, arrive: fut. 
-égopat, impf. map-fv. (év TE wa- 
povrt, at the present time.) 

mrap-epr, I pass by, pass on; impf. 
map-1euv. 

map-eAavww, I march past, ride 
past, 1 aor. -nAaga. 

map-€pxopar, J go past, pass along, 
pass through ; 2 aor. -HAOor. 

wap-éxw, I furnish, supply; render, 
produce (pdBov), (with éavroy, 
give myself over to; mpdypara 
map-éxev, to give trouble); 2 aor. 
-€oxov, impf. -efxor. 

map-ykw, I reach, extend along; 
fut. -#fo. 

TlapQéwos, -ov, m. the Parthenius, a 
river dividing Paphlagonia from 
Bithynia. 

Tldpvov, -ov, n. Parium, a town in 
Mysia (VIII. 109). 

map-lorpt, (trans.) J place by, set 
near; (intrans. 2 aor. and perf.) 
I stand by; fut. wapa-orhow, 1 aor. 
Tap-€oTnoa, 2 aor. map-éoTny. 

map-od0s, -ov, f. a passage. (mapa, 
alongside, and 680s, a road.) 

Tlaptcarts, 50s, f. Parysdtis, mother 
of Artaxerxes Mnemon, and Cyrus 
the younger. 

mas, waca, may, all, every. (ra 
navra, (1) the whole, everything ; 
(2) adv. conpletely.) 

Tlaclwv, -wvos, m. Pasion, a general 
from Megara, who deserted Cyrus 
(I. 167). 

wacxw, I suffer, suffer misfortune ; 
fut. meloopat, 2 perf. wérovOa, 2 
aor. €xaOorv. (ed, or kaxds macxetv, 
to be well or tll treated.) 

maraoow, I strike; fut. wardfo, 
1 aor. énataga. See wAttrw. 

Tlarnyvas, -ov, m. Patégyas, a 
Persian, in the army of Cyrus (II. 4). 

mwarhp, watpds, m. a father. 

srarpls, -tdos, f, native country, father~ 

land, (Lat. patria.) 


VOCABULARY, 


TATPHOs, -a, -ov, hereditary, ancestral. 

mavw, (Act.) I cause to cease, put a 
stop to; (Mid.) I cease, stop; fut. 
navow, perf. wémavka, perf. pass. 
ménaupa. 

TlagpAayovla, -as, f. Paphlagonia, a 
district of Asia Minor, on the south 
coast of the Euxine, between Bithy- 
nia and Pontus, It was famous for 
its cavalry. 

TlagAaydv, -dvos, m. a Paphlago- 
nian. 

wédn, -78, f. a chain for the feet, 
fetter. (movs, gen. wodds, a foot.) 

amedlov, -ov, n. a level surface, plain. 

mel, (adv.) on foot, by land, (prop. 
dat. of me(os, with 6dq under 
stood). 

melds, -4, -6v, on foot (Lat. pedestris). 
(we(r) SWvayus, infantry force). 

melOw, (Act.) I persuade (with acc.); 
(Mid.) Z obey, believe (with dat.); 
fut. welow, I aor. €xeca, perf. pass. 
mémecopas, 2 perf. wérorOa, I trust. 

meipaopat, J try, attempt, with infin, 
also with Snws and subj.; with 
genitive, J make trial of ; fut. wepd- 
copa. 

aelropat, fut. of raoxa, 

mevoréov, one must persuade or obey, 
verb adj. of me(Ow or mefOopas. 

meAdlw, I approach; fut. weddow. 

TleAowéwyoos, (éAonos vijoos, the 
island of Pelops), the Peloponnesus, 
peninsula of Southern Greece, now 
the Morea. 

meAtalw, I serve as a peltast, i.e. 
with a light shield (wéAr7), 

weATaoThS. -ov, m. a peltast, targe- 
teer, (because armed with the 
wEXTN.) 

wéAty, -ns, f. a light shield covered 
with leather. The large shield was 
called dois. 

méptros, en, -ov, fifth. 

Jive.) 

mento, I send; fut. wépabw, perf. 
mémouda, I aor. pass. éréupOny. 

mevoyor, Lam poor. Cxévys, poor.) 


(wévre, 


VOCABULARY, 


mevraxdorot, -at, -a, five-hundred. 

aévre, five. 

mevrikovta, fifty. 

WEVTHKOVTHP, -7p08, mM. a commander 
of fifty men, or a half company. 

aevrndvropos, -ov, f. (sc. vais) a 
Jifty-oared galley, with one bank 
of 25 oars on each side. 

aé-trovOa, perf. of réaxa. 

awé-trpa-ka, perf, of mapackw, 

aé-wrwka, perf, of rina. 

aré-rwKa, perf. of miva. 

awepalvw, I finish, accomplish; fut. 
aepav@), perf. pass. wemépag pat, I aor. 
pass. éwepavOny, 

mepatow, (Act.) I convey across; 
(Mid.) Z cross ; fut. mepaiwoo, 

mépav, (adv.) across, on the other 
side, (1d mépay, the opposite 
side.) 

Tlépyapos, -ov, f. Pergamus, a town 
in Mysia, near the river Caicus (VIII. 
508); afterwards the head of an 
important kingdom under Eumenes 
II, and in the second century B.c. 
the capital of the Roman province 
of Asia. It was celebrated for its 
library and school of literature, as 
well as for the invention of parch- 
ment, which derivesits name (through 
the French parchemin) from ‘ Per- 
gamena Charta.’ Pergamus was 
an early seat of Christianity, and 
one of the Seven Churches of Asia 
(Rev. ii. 12). [The name means 
‘citadel.’ Cp. the Pergamus or 
‘citadel’ of Troy; Greek atpyos 
(‘castle’), Eng. burgh. | 

mwépSuk, -txos, m. and f. a partridge. 
(Lat. perdix.) 

arepl, prep. with gen., dat., and acc. ; 
around, about, ‘round the ends of’ 
(cf. mépa, beyond, wépas, an end). 
J. with gen. i. about, concerning, 
Jor, like Lat. de; ii. (rarely), above 
in old sense of beyond, as epi 
mavros moecoOa, to consider it 
above all, i.e. all-important; epi 
woAAov, above much, i.e, very 


217 


much. II. with dat. around, es- 
pecially of parts of the body, as 
wept Tots Tpaxnros, round their 
necks. III. with acc., i. around 
about, as oi wept abroy, those about 
him, i.e. he and his men; ii. of 
time, about; iii. about, concerning, 
with regard to. In Composition, 
i, around, about; ii. above, i.e. 
very much, like Lat. per- in per- 
magnus. 

mept-BadAw, I throw around, sur- 
round, embrace; fut. -BaAo, 2 aor. 
-éBaXov. 

aept-yiyvopat, (1) J am superior to, 
excel; (2) I turn out to be; fut. 
-yevnoopat, 2 aor. -eyevdpuny. 

mepl-eypr, J go round. (ei, tbo.) 

mept-torppt, (trans.) I place round; 
(intrans.) 2 aor, and perf. J stand 
round; fut. -orhow, 2 aor. -éorny. 

arept-kukAdw, I encircle; fut. dow. 

mrept-pévw, I wait for; fut. -peva, 
I aor. -épeiva, 

Tlep{vOvos, -a, -ov, Perinthian, or 
inhabitant of Perinthus, 

Tlépiv0os, -ov, f. Perinthus, a town in 
Thrace on the Propontis, after- 
wards called Heraclea, whence its 
modern name Erekli, 

wept-mryyvupr, I fix around (Pass.) 
I am frozen around. 

mepi-mAdw, I sail round; fut. -1Aev- 
copas. 

mept-ppéw, (1) I flow around; (2) I 
slip from around, slip off; 2 aor. 
pass, wept-eppuny. 

arept-ppuyjvat, 2 aor. infin, pass. of 
WE pt-ppeEw, 

mept-hépw, J carry round ; fut. -ofow, 
I aor. -nveyxa. 

Tlépons, -ov, m. a Persian, pl. of 
Ilépoat, The Persian empire in- 
cluded Asia Minor, and extended 
from it to the North of India, 
comprising the modern Persia and 
Asiatic Turkey. It was divided 
into twenty satrapies or provinces, 

Thepovnds, ~0, -dv, Persian. 


218 


Tlepoorl, (adv.) in 
language, in Persian. 

areoretv, 2 aor. infin. of rimra, 

mecoUpat, fut. of wimrw. 

meowv, 2 aor. part. of wirro. 

anéropat, I fly; 2 aor. éwrdéuny. 

arétpa, -as, f. a rock. 

meépevya, 2 perf. of pevyw. 

amy}, -7s, f. a fountain, spring, 
source (of a river). 

ahyvup, I fix, freeze, (of blood) 
curdle; 1% aor. émnfa, 2 perf. 
nénnya, I am fixed, 2 aor. pass. 
émd-yny. 

eNOS, -o0, m. clay, mud. 

meélw, I press. squeeze; distress. 

aivw, I drink; fut. iowa, 2 aor. 
émov, perf. mémwxa, 

mapaoKe, I sell; perf. wémpaixa, 1 
aor. pass. émpadny. Usual pres. 
moréw, for the fut. and 2 aor. dzo- 
Swoopas and dn-e8duny are used. 

aleto, I fall; fut. wecotpas, 2 aor. 
éxecov, perf. wérroxa. 

TIvol8ys, -ov, m., pl. of MroiSar, the 
Pisidians, warlike mountaineers of 
the Taurus range, between Lycia 
and Cilicia, where the robber-tribes 
of the Caramanians now live. 

aorevtw, I trust; fut. -ebow, I aor. 
éwiorevoa (with dat.). 

aloris, -ews, f. trust, fidelity, conji- 
dence. 

mords, -h, -dv, faithful, trustworthy. 
Ta mora, pledges. 

arirus, -vos, f. a pine-tree. 

tAalovov, -ov, n. az oblong. 

wA@pov, -ov, n. a plethrum=about 
34 English yards. 

athelous, for mAcioves and mAclovas, 
nom, and acc. pl. of wAeiav, comp. 
of moAts. 

aAetoros, -7, -ov, superl. of roAvs. 

telw, for mAelova, acc. masc. sing. or 
neut. pl. of wAeioy. 

athelwov, -ov, comp. of modus. 

mXeov-extéw, I have or gain an ad- 
vantage. (ad€éov, more, and éxa, 
I have.) 


the Persian 


VOCABULARY, 


tAevpa, -Gs, f. the side; flank (of an 
army). 

atKevoropat, fut. of rrAéa. 

trée, I sail; fut. wAevoopas, 1 aor. 
énAevoa. 

wAnyh, -78, f. a blow. (aAfrro, I 
strike.) 

ad700s, -ovs, n. a large number, mul- 
titude ; extent. (wodvs, many.) 

adv, (adv. as prep. with gen.) except. 
Also aA 4, except. 

aAfipns, -e8, full (with gen.). 

mAnovdteo, I draw near, approach. 
(wAnoioy, near.) 

a@Anoiov, (adv.) near; (superl. xAn- 
ovalraros, nearest, next (with gen.). 

wXjrre, I strike; fut. waht, perf. 
pass. wéwAnypyas, 2 aor. pass. ér- 
Anynv. For the 1 aor. act. émédrafa 
is used. 

®Aoiov, -ov, n. a boat, transport, mer- 
chant vessel, ship. (aAéw, I sail.) 

mots, -ov, m. @ sailing, voyage. 
(1Aéw, I sail.) 

mAourifw, I make rich; (Mid.) I 
get rich. (mdovTos, wealth.) 

arvevpa, -aros, n. breath, wind, breeze. 
(rvéw, I breathe.) 

arvéw, I blow, breathe ; imperf. éxveor, 
fut. mveboopas. 

mb0ev, (adv.) whence? woOev, from 
somewhere. 

600s, -ov, m. a longing, desire, regret. 

mot, (adv.) whither? wot, fo some place, 
somewhere. 

wovew, I make, do, cause; fut. -how, 
perf. werolnka. oreiy é¢éracw, to 
hold a review. e€0 of kax®s moreiy, 
to treat well or ill. (Mid.) (1) Z make 
for myself; (2) I make to myself, i.e. 
consider. 

aouxlhos, -17, -ov, variegated, tattooed. 

motos, -a, -ov, (interrog.) of what sort? 
Lat. qgualis. wmoids tis; what sort of 
man? 

woAepnéw, I make war upon, with dat. 
or prep. mpés. (méAepos, war.) 

mroAepixds, -9, -dv, warlike, mwodepe 
Koy, @ war-cry; TO woAEpeKdy, the 


VOCABULARY, 


signal for battle; rd moXepixd, war, 
military service. 

oA gutos, -a, -ov, and -os, -ov, hostile, 
@ (public) enemy (Lat. hostis), as 
distinguished from éxOpés, a private 
enemy (Lat, inimicus), 

aéOXepLOos, -ov, m. war, 

moAvopkéw, I besiege, blockade; fut. 
-no0). 

aoAus, -ews, f. a city, state = Lat. 
civitas, whereas dorv = Lat. urbs. 

arohAduts, (adv.) often. (aodvs.) 

TWoAARX A, (adv.) in many places, on 
many occasions, often. (woAvs.) 

TloAucparys, -€0s, acc. -7 or -7v, m. 
Polycrates, an Athenian captain 

VIII. 432). 

TIoAvvixos, -ov, m. Polynicus, a La- 
cedaemonian, sent by Thibron to ask 
for the services of the Greek army 
against Tissaphernes (VIII. 329). 

aroXus, 3oAAh, woAt, much, many; 
also large, long. of wodAot, the 
most, the majority, Compar. mAciow, 
superl. wAeioros. toAv, as adv. 
much, by far. 

aoXu-rehns, -é8, expensive, (odds, 
much, and réAos, expense.) 

Toph, -7s,f. a procession. (méuro, 

send.) 

trovéw, I work, labour; perf. renéynxa, 
(wévos, labour.) 

mwovnpés, -d, -dv, bad, worthless, wick- 
ed; unsuitable; dangerous, hostile. 
movypas, with difficulty. 

arévos, -ov, m. work, labour, toil; also 
result of labour. 

amévros, -ov, mn. the (deep) sea (especi- 
ally the Euxine); also the district 
of Pontus. 

aropela, -as, f. a march, journey. 

aropevréos, verb. adj. of wopevopas, 
one must march. 

mropevwo, (Act.) I convey; (Mid.) Z 
march; fut. -evoopas. 

mop0éw, I destroy, sack; fut. -hoo. 

wopl{w, I furnish, provide, supply; 
perf. pass, wemdpiopar, I aor. pass. 
éxopicOnv. (wdpos.) 


219 


aépos, -ov, m. @ passage; hence 
means, opportunity. 

aéppe, (adv.) far from (with gen.). 

tmroppvpeos, -a, -ov, contr. -povs, -pa, 
~pouv, purple, scarlet. 

trba08, -7, -ov, how much? how great? 
aréaov, how far ? 

morapds, -ov, m. a river. 

more, once upon a time; wore, when? 
el more, if ever. 

aérepov and aétepa, whether; fol- 
lowed by #, or. Lat. utrum—an. 

morév, -ov, n. drink. (ords, verb. 
adj. of mivw, I drink.) 

wo0, (adv.) where. wov, (1) some- 
where, (2) somehow, especially ger- 
haps, I suppose, no doubt. 

arous, 1odds, m. a foot. 

wpaypa, -aros, n. a deed, action, 
affair, matter; mpdypata nap- 

xe, to give trouble. (mparro, I 

do.) 

mpattw, I do, act; fut. mpdf, perf. 
pass. mémparypat, I aor. pass, éa- 
paxOny. eb or xaxis mparrey, to 
Sare well or ill. 

apéoBus, -vos, or -€ws, m. an old 
man; pl. wpéoBerg, ambassadors, 
comp. mpeaBurepogs. 

amplacQar, to buy; from 2 aor. én 
pidunv: dvéopas supplies the other 
tenses, 

arplv, (conj.) before. (1) with infin., 
as mpiv édOetv, before coming ; (2) 
with indic., as piv #AGe, before he 
came; (3) after negatives, as mpiy dy 
éAOn, and mply ErGat. 

ap, prep. with gen. only. I. of place, 
before, in front of; hence of fight- 
ing for, in defence of. II. of time, 
before. III. instead of, in preference 
fo. In Composition, before, forward, 


beforehand, in preference to. (Cp. 
Lat. pro, prae.) 

mpo-ayw, I lead forward; fut. -dfw, 
2 aor. -hyayor. 


ampo-Balvw, I go forward, advance; 
fut. -BHoopat. 
apo-BédAw, (1) I throw forward, ad- 


220 


vance (rd SwAa). (2) I put for- 
ward, propose; fut. -Bad@, 2 aor. 
-€Badoy. 
arp6-Barov, -ov, n. @ sheep (properly 
any animal that walks, from mpo- 
Baivw). 
apoBod%, -78, f. a putting forward ; 
para, els mpoBoAny Kabiéva, to 
‘couch’ their lances, (mpo-BddAw.) 
arp6-yovos, -ov, m.a forefather, an- 
cestor. 


awpo-Sidwpr, I give up, betray; fut. 
-dwo0, 


apo-eldov, 2 aor. with pres. mpo-opdw. 

apo-epr, I go forward, advance, 
(elu.) 

ampo-eltrov, 2 aor. with fut. mpo-epa, 
pres. -pnpu. See mpo-Adyo. + 

ampo-ehatvw, I drive forward, ride 
Sorward, sc, trmoy. 

arpo-epyafopar, I work beforehand ; 
perf. pass, -elpyacpa:. 7% mpo- 
e:pyaopévn Sdga, the glory before 
gained. 

* mpo-epéw, contr. mpo-epw, I say before- 
hand or publicly, order, as fut. of 
mpo-eitroy, perf. -eipyka. 

mpo-épxopat, I march on, advance ; 
2 aor. -7A0ov. 

arpo-éxw, I excel, surpass; fut. -éfa, 
2 aor. -eoxov. 

wpo-nyopéw, I speak in behalf of (with 

en.). 

soo eis: I run forward ; fut. -Oevoo- 


pa. 

arpo0upta, -as, f, readiness, eagerness, 
zeal. 

ampoOipos, -ov, ready, eager, zealous, 
(apd, forward, and Oupods, spirit.) 

mpoOvpus, (adv.) eagerly, readily. 

mpo-kata-hapBavw, J seize before- 
hand, preoccupy; 2 aor. -éAaBoy, 
fut. -Afopat, perf, -eiAnga. 

mpé-Keyar, I lie before, extend for- 
ward ; fut. -teivopat. 

mpo-xivSuvevw, J incur danger before- 
hand. 

IpoxAjjs, -éos, m. Procles, governor 

of Teuthrania, a district of Mysia. 


VOCABULARY, 


apo-A€yw, I tell publicly, give warn 
ing; fut. -Adfw, for 2 aor. spo 
ettrov. 

TIpégevos, -ov, m. Proxenus,a Theban, 
friend of Cyrus and Xenophon, who 
‘induced Xenophon to join the ex- 
pedition (IV. 11). 

apo-opdw, I see before me; fat. 
-dyopat, 2 aor. ~ef3or. 

apo-réunw, I send forward, escort, 
accompany ; fut. -méppo. 

ampo-mlvw, I drink any one’s health; 
fut. -miopa:, 2 aor. -émoy. 

arpés, prep. with gen., dat., and acc, 
Root meaning to the front (from 
mpd, cp. mpds-Oev); hence near. 
I, with gen. i. from, from near; 
hence ii. on the part of, by; iii. in 
the presence of, before, as mpos Ocean, 
before the gods, i.e. by the gods, in 
swearing. II. with dat. i. at, near; 
ii. besides, as wpos rovrocs, besides 
this, moreover, Lat. praeterea, III. 
with acc, i. to, fowards, sometimes 
against; ii, with regard to, accord- 
ing to, as mpds Tava, therefore, Ta 
mpos wéAepov, what concerns war, 
apos Biav, by force, mpds Hdoviy, 
for pleasure, etc. In Composition, 
i. to or towards ; ii. besides ; iii. near. 

mpos-ayu, I lead on, lead forward; 
fut. -dfo, 2 aor, -hyayor. 

arpos-airéw, I ask besides, ask more; 
fut. -airhow, 

ampos-Baivw, I go to, approach, ad- 
vance ; fut. -Bhoopat, 2 aor. -€Byy. 

apos-BadAw, I attack, charge up ; fut. 
~Bad@, 2 aor. -éBaAoyv. 

mpos-BoAn, -fs, f. an attack, assault. 

ampos-yiyvopat, I come to, am added 
to; 2 aor. -eyevouny. | 

apos-dlSwpr, I give besides, add ; fut. 
-5wao, I aor, -€5wxa, 

apos-Sokdw, I expect; fut. -Boxjow, 
I aor. -edéxnoa. 

mpos-et, I go to, approach, come 
up. (ely, Lat. bo.) 

aoos-eAavvw, I drive to, ride up 

(imnov), march up. 


VOCABULARY, 


mpos-Epxopat, F come up, approach; 
2 aor. -7A0oy. 

tmpos-éxw, I bring to, apply; (votv 
mpos-éxw, I turn my mind to, 
attend to;) imperf, -etyoy, 2 aor. 
-€oxoy. 

arpos-hkw, I extend to, reach. Impers. 
ampos-jker, tt becomes, it is fitting. 

arpdaQev, (adv.) (1) of place, in front 
of, before. (2) of time, before, 
formerly, ta mpdcdev, the van of 
an army. 6 apdc0ev xpdvos, the 
former time, +6 wpdcOev, for- 
merly, 

awpos-(npt, (Act.) Z let come to, admit, 
(Mid.) admit (to oneself), approve ; 
fut. -fow, I aor. -7Ka. 

ampos-Kraopar, I gain besides, gain 
for; fut. -*crfoopat, I aor, -exT7- 
odpny. 

atpos-Kuvéo, I kiss the earth before 
any one, i.e. do obeisance, worship, 
salute ; fut. -kuvnoow, I aor. -exvynoa. 

arpos-AapBdvw, I receive besides ; with 
gen. take part in, help; fut. -Afwo- 
pat, 2 aor. -éAaBor. 

arp6g-0505, -ov, f. a going to, approach, 
procession. 

wpos-dpvupr, I swear besides; fut. 
~opovpat, I aor. -wpooa. 

™pos-tretrepovypévos, perf. pass. part. 
from mpos-mepovda. 

apos-trepovaw, I fasten with a skewer, 
(mwepéyn, a skewer.) 

apog-mrodendw, I make war against ; 
fut. -how. 

apos-tpéxw, I run up to; fut. -8pa- 
podpas, 2 aor. ~é5papor. 

arpos-hépw, (Act.) Z bring to, conduct, 
(Mid.) I bear myself towards, i.e. 
conduct myself. 

apbow, (adv.) (1) forwards, (2) with 
gen. far off. Comp. mpoowrépa, 
Sarther. 

apbownov, -ov, n. face, countenance. 

aVpOTepatos, -a, -ov, adj., as 1) mpore- 

pala (juépa), the day before. 

érepog, -a, -ov, earlier, former, 


ap 
Jirst of two (Lat. prior) ; wpérepov, 


221 


70 apérepov, (adv.) previously, on 
a former occasion; comp. of mpd, 
superl. mparos. 

apo-rpéxw, I run forward ; fut. -8pa- 
povpat, 2 aor. -é5papor. 

mpo-palvw, (Act.) I show forth, 
(Mid.) appear, become visible. 

tmpodvAat, -aros, m. an advanced 
guard, outpost, 

tmpo-xwpéw, I go on, proceed favour- 
ably, 


apupva, -78, f. the stern of a ship. 

awp&pa, -as, f. the prow or bows of a 
ship. 

mpwpets, -€os, m. the man at the 
prow, who gave the signal to the 
steersman, the look-out man. 

awp&ros, -7, -ov, (superl. of mpd) first, 
ol mpWrot, the vanguard. (Adv. 
ampa&rov, TO mpwrov, at first, in the 
Jirst place.) , 

ataiw, I strike, dashs 1% aor. éxq 
TALOa. 

awrépul, -iyos, f. a wing. 

Truypy, ~7s, f. a boxing match 

avAn, -7s, f. a gate, opening ; pass. 

aruvOdvopar, (1) J ask, (2) I hear (on 
enquiry), learn ; fut. revoopas, peri. 
némvopat 2 aor. émvOduny, 

ave, (adv.) with the jist. 

nUp, tipés, n. jire. 
watchfires. 

arupés, -ov, m. wheat, mostly in pl. 

IIupplxn, -ys, f. (sc. Spxnots), the 
Pyrrkic dance, a military dance in 
armour. 

mw, (adv.) yet. With negatives, as 
ovme, not yet. 

mworéo, I sell; fut. torfoo, Other 
tenses are supplied from other verbs, 
as fut. dwo-dwcopa, 2 aor. dr- 
edéunv; perf, wénpaxa (from m- 
Tpackw). 

meatrore, (adv.) at any time, ever. ov 

€, never. 

a&s, (interrogative) how? but tos, 
somehow, el mos, in any way, if at 
all, 


In pl. «upd, 


222 


P. 


bdBvos, -a, -ov, easy; comp. Adan, 
superl. Jgoros. 


babiws, (adv.) easily; comp. Agoy, 
superl. Agora. 

dbéw, I flow; fut. feboopa:, 2 aor. 
éppuny. 

dtyos, -ous, n. cold. 

biwre, I throw, fling, cast, throw off; 
fut. pidw, I aor. éppitpa, 

is, Jwds, f. the nose. 

680s, -a, -ov, Rhodian, or inhabi- 
tant of Rhodes, an island in the 
Levant, off the S. W. coast of Asia 
Minor, ‘The Rhodians were famed 
as slingers. 

pu0uds, -od, m. measure, (musical) time, 


=. 


cadmyKknjs, -ov, m. a trumpeter. 
(odAmyé.) 

oddmyé, -7yyos, £. a trumpet. 

SdpSes, -ewv, pl. f. Sardis, capital of 
Lydia; the starting-point of the 
expedition (1. 46). 

Catpanns, -ov, m. satrap, viceroy, 
governor of a province of the 
Persian Empire. 

cavrév, contracted from ceavrdy. 

cadhs, -es, clear, manifest. (Adv. 
aadas, clearly.) 

ceaurév, (reflexive pronoun) thyself, 
yourself; gen, geavrov (aavTov), 
your own. 

SevOns, -ov, m. Seuthes, a Thracian 
prince. His father had been driven 
out of his territory on the Propontis, 
and Seuthes recovered this with the 
help of Xenophon’s army. 

onpalve, I signify, give a sign, give 
the signal (in battle); fut. onpava, 
I aor. éonpunva. 

onpetov, -ov. n. a sign, signal. 

OTapov, -ov, nN. sesamé, a short plant 
with a single flower, from the seeds 
of which oil cake was made, 

ovydw, I am silent; fut. -foopas, 1 
aor. éotynoa. 


VOCABULARF, 


otyh, -f2, f. silence; dat. oryp, is 
silence, silently. 

Stravdg, -0v, m. Silanus, (1) an Am- 
bracian prophet (VI. 180), (2) a 
native of Macistus, a town of Elis 
on the Peloponnesus (VIII. 291). 

olvopat, I injure, harass. 

Sores, -éws,m. a Sinopian; pl. of 
Sworneis. 

Sworn, -78, f. Sinope, a Greek colony 
in Paphlagonia on a peninsula run- 
ning out into the Black Sea, It 
is the finest anchorage for ships 
on the north coast of Asia Minor; 
a Turkish fleet was destroyed there 
by the Russians just before the 
breaking out of the Crimean War, 
in 1853. 

irdAxas, -ov, m. Sitaleas, king of the 
Odrysae in Thrace. 

& SiraAkas, the Sitalcas-song, or song 
in honour of one of the kings of 
that name. 

ovrevtés, -7, -dv, fed up, falted. 
(Verb. adj. of creda, from airos, 
corn.) 

ovriov, -ov, n. food, provisions. (otros, 
corn.) 

Surrdcy, 7s, f. Sittace, a town in 
Babylonia on the Tigris. 

owtde, I am silent, keep silence; 
fut. -fooua, (ov), silence.) 

oxédros, -ous, n. the leg. 

[oxérropat], see okoméw, 

oKxevalw, I prepare, equip, dress; fut. 
-dgw, perf. pass. éoxevacpa. 
(oxevh.) 

oxev%, -78, f. dress. 

oxetos, -ovs, n. a vessel; pl. oxevn, 
baggage. (Lat. impedimenta.) 

oxevo-popéw, J carry baggage. 
(oxevos, and pépw, I carry.) 

oxevo-popos, -ov, carrying baggage. 
Ta ckevopdpa (sc. eTHVN), the beasts 
of burden in the train of an army, 
baggage train. 

oxébacGa, see oxorréw. 

oxynvaw and oxnvéw, I live in tents, 
I am quartered, fut. -how. (cxnrg.) 


VOCABULARF. 


oxnvn, -7is, f. a tent. 

oxymrés, -ov, m. a thunderbolt. 

OKyMToUKoS, -ov, m. the sceptre- 
bearer (an attendant on the king). 

oxAnpés, -4, -dv, dry, hard. 

oxotéw, I keep a look out for, watch, 
observe, reconnoitre; imperf. éoxd- 
awouv, (Mid.) consider, with tenses 
from oxémropa, fut. oxépopa, 1 
aor. éoxewduny, perf. pass. Eoxep- 


pas. 

oxonés, -ov, m. a spy, scout. 

OKO6T0G, -ovs, n. darkness. 

opijvos, -ous, n. a swarm of bees. 

Splepys, -7Tos, m. Smicres, an Arca- 
dian general (VII. 68). 

o6s, 07, ody. (poss. adj.) thy, thine. 

codia, -as, f. wisdom. (aopds.) 

oodés, -f, -dv, wise, clever. 

OHAVLOS, -A, -OY, Scarce, rare. 

Srdpry, -ns, f. Sparta, or Lacedae- 
mon, capital of Laconia. 

Sraptiarns, a Spartan, i.e. one of 
the Dorian immigrants. They 
looked down upon the Perioeci, or 
natives, as the Normans did upon 
the Saxons in England. 

onde, I draw, drag, pull; fut. 
ondoo, I aor. éordoa. 

onelpw, I scatter, sow seed; fut. 
omep@, I aor. éomecpa, perf. éo- 
nmapka. 

ome(oopat, fut. mid. of oréviw. 

onévSw, I pour a libation; (Mid.) 
lit. ‘ pour libations one with another,’ 
i.e. make a truce; fut. oneioopai, 
I aor. éowerodpny. 

ometSw, I urge on, make haste; fut. 
onevow, 

otrovOn, ~is, f. (sing.) a Libation, (pl.) 
a treaty. (omévdw.) 

orovddlw, I make haste, am busy, 
am in earnest; fut. omovddow. 

omoudh, -js, f. haste. 

oradvov, -ov, n. a stade, a furlong, 
rather more than 4 of an English 
mile. In counting roughly every 
10 stades may be taken as an 
English mile. 


223 


ora0pés, -o}, m. a station, halting- 
place, (hence) a day’s march. 

oralyy, 2 aor. opt. of fornu. 

ards, 2 aor, part. of torn. 

oracidfw, I rebel, revolt, raise a 
faction, (ordois, faction.) 

cravpwpa, -aros, n. a palisade. 

oréyy, -7s, f. a roof. els oréyas, lit. 
‘into roofs, i.e. under cover. 

oréldw, I send, equip, (Mid.) J 
march; fut. oreA®, I aor, ZoreaAa, 
2 aor. pass, éordAny. 

orevos, -f, -dv, marrow; comp. 
-dT€pos, superl. -draros (from old 
form oretyds). 

orevo-xwpia, -as, f. a narrow pas- 
sage. 

orepéw, I deprive; (Pass.) orepéopan 
or orépopat, I am deprived of; fut. 
oTEephow, perf. pass. éorépypat. 

orépvov, -ov, n. the breast. 

orépavos, -ov, m. a wreath, crown, 
garland. 

orijvat, 2 aor. inf, of torn. 

ot(Bos, -ov, m. a track, lit. ‘trodden 
path,’ (from oreiBw, I tread.) 

orifw, I prick; perf. pass. éoriypat, 
part. éorrypévos, tattooed. 

otidos, -ovs, n. a close body of men. 

oroAn, -js, f. a robe, dress. 

ardXos, -ov, (1) @ march, (2) array, 
army. 

orépa, -aTos, n. mouth, opening; 
hence front of an army. 

otpatela, -as, f. an 
(oTparcos, army.) 

OTPATEULG, -aTOs, Nn. an army, com- 
pany, division. 

orparetw, (Act.) I march, (Mid.) 
I serve as a soldier, fut. -evow. 

orpaTnyés, -ov, m. a_ general. 
(orpards, army, and #yéoua, I 
lead.) 

orTpatia, -as, f. an army. 

oTpaTurys, -ov, m. a soldier. 

otpatotredevw, I encamp; fut. -evoo. 
(orparomedov, a camp.) 

TTparomedov, -ov,n.a camp. (orpards, 
an army, and wé8or, a plain.) 


expedition. 


224, 


orpards, -o, m. an army. 

orpemrés, -ov, m. a chain, necklace. 
Properly verb. adj. of orpépw, I 
twist. 

otpépw, I turn, twist, (Mid.) wheel 
about; fut. orpéyo, 1 aor. éorpeyva, 
pf. pass. éorpappas, 2 aor. pass. 
éorpagny. 

orpov0ds, -ov, m. and f. a sparrow, 
but péyas otpov0ds, an ostrich. 

orvyvés, -4, -dv, disagreeable, gloomy. 
(orvyéw, I hate.) 

ord, 2 aor. subj. of torn. 

ov, pers. pron. thou. 

ovy-yevis, -és, related, a kinsman. 
(adv, with, and yl-yvopaz, I am born.) 

ovy-ylyvopat, J am with, have inter- 
course with, associate with, fut. 
yevhoopar, 2 aor. -eyevouny. 

ovy-Kadéw, I call together ; fut. -xa- 
Aéow, I aor. cuv-exdArAEoa. 

ovy-Kapare, I bend together, bend up; 
fut. -edyyo, I aor. cuv-éxapipa. 

ovy-tAelw, I shut close; fut. -ArAclow. 

ide dd I cry aloud; 2 aor. ovv- 
Kparyov. 


ovy-kumro, I bend together, bend in- 
wards; fut. -«ijw, I aor. cur 
éxupa. 

ovy-xwpéw, I yield, (lit. ‘come to- 
gether to terms,’) agree; fut. -jo, 
I aor. Ouv-exwpnoa. 

oiKov, -ov, n. a fig. 

ovd-lapBdvw, I seize, lay hold of, 
arrest; fut. -Ajpopa, 2 aor. ouv- 
é\aBoy. 

ovA-Aéyw, I collect, gather, assemble ; 
fut. -Aéfw, I aor. ouv-édefa, pf. 
~clAeypat. 

ovA-Aoyos, -ov, m. an assembly, meet- 


ing. 

oup-Baddo, (Act.) I throw together; 
(Mid.) I agree upon. oup-BddAdo- 
pas Adyous, I converse, talk ; 2 aor. 
ouv-€Badov. 

ovp-BonPéw, I join in aiding, come to 
the rescue; fut. -joo. 

ovp-Bovdetdw, (Act.) I give advice, 
advise, counsel ; (Mid.) get advice, 


VOCABULARY, 


consult; fut. -evow, I aor. ou 
eBovAevoa. 

oup-Bouvdos, -ov, m. a counsellor, 
adutser. 

oup-paxea, -as, f. alliance. 

oup-paxopar, I fight along with, 
help as an ally ; imperf. ovv-exapé- 
ByY. 

ovp-payos, -ov, m. an ally. 

oup-plyvupe (trans.) J mix together, 
(intrans.) (1) unite with, (2) join in 
battle; 1 aor. ovy-épuga, infin. cvp- 
pifa. 

oup-répmo, I send along with; fat. 
-répyo, I aor. ouv-érepya, 

oup-tivw, I drink with; fut. -riopa, 
2 aor. ovy-émoy. 

oup-rodifw, I entangle, hamper, lit. 
‘tie the feet together,’ 1 aor, ouy- 
errddtoa. 

oup-ropevopar, I march together, 
accompany on a march ; fut, -woper 
copat. 

aup-hépw, I bring together, collect. 
Impers. oup-hépe, st is profitable, 
or advantageous. 

ovup-dopa, -as, f. lit. ‘a bringing 
together,’ hence an event, esp. a 
misfortune. 

ouv, prep. with dat. only; the same 
word as Lat. cum [«(o) dy, fdv, avy). 
I. together with, with, as of ow 
Baoirel, those with the king, i.e. 
his attendants. So of things, ov 
trois Sados, furnished with their 
arms, i.e, tn arms. II. with the 
help of, as oty rots Oeots. In Com- 
position, with, together. 

guv-dyw, I bring together, gather, 
assemble ; fut. -dgw, 2 aor. -wryov. 

ovv-abpollw, I collect, or assemble to- 
gether; fut. -a0polow, 1 aor. 
-nOpooa, 

ovv-akodov0éw, I follow along with, 
Jollow as a volunteer. 

ouv-akovw, I hear, hear one another. 
(dAAnAwY.) 

ovv-avrdo, I fall in with, meet, (with 
dat.) ; fut, -ayrAow. 


- VOCABULARY. 


i la I go away with, imperf. 

eu. 

auv-SuoKxeo, I join in pursuit; fut. 
Sidi, 

ovv-e0iLw, (Act.) Z accustom, (Pass.) 
become used to, I aor. opt. our- 
eOta0elny. 

ovv-elAeypat, perf. pass. of ovA-Aéyw. 

ovv-es-Epxopar, I enter with; 2 
aor. -7A0ov. 

ouv-es-rinrw, I rush together into; 
fut. -wegovpat, 2 aor. -Ewecoy. 

ouv-éxapiwa, I aor. act. of ovy 
KapMTO. 

ouv-ex-BiBdlw, I help in bringing out, 
lit, ‘join in making come out.’ 

ouv-éxpayov, 2 aor. of avy-Kpacw. 

ovuv-eXéyynv, 2 aor. pass. of ovA- 
A€you. 

ovv-é\ecyov, imperf. act. of ovA-A€yw. 

ovv-eXeEa, I aor. act. of cvA-Aéyo. 

ovv-éuita, 1 aor. act. of cup-pliyvupms. 

ovuv-etrarvéw, I consent, agree to; fut. 
-eravéoo, I aor. -eryjveca. 

ovv-em-owevio, I help to force on- 
wards; 1 aor. -€omevoa. 

ouv-erddioa, I aor. act. of cup- 
woolla. 

ouv-éropat, I follow along with 
(with dat.) ; fut. -évopa:. 

ovv-er-dpvupt, I swear besides. 

Ene: pluperf. ind, of cup- 
péo. 

aovv-fpxopat, I come together, meet ; 
2 aor. -7AGor. 

ouviSopat, I rejoice with one, con- 
gratulate. 

oby-Onpa, -aros, n. an agreement; a 
watchword, 

ouv-lornpt, (trans.) I place with, in- 
troduce; fut. ov-0Tnow, I aor. ovy- 
éornoa, (intrans.) stand together, 
make a stand, 2 aor. -éorny, perf. 
-toTnka. 

guv-opodoyéw, I agree to (with acc. 


of thing), Z agree with (with dat, 


of person) ; imperf. -apodrAdyour.. 
ovuv-rarre, I draw up in battle array ; 
fut. -rafw, I aor. ouv-érafa. 


225 


avv-rlOnps, (Act.) IZ put together, 
(Mid.) make an agreement; fut. 
-Oyow, 

auv-tpéxw, I run together; 2 aor. 
ouv-é5papoy,. 

ovv-rpiBw, I crush; fut. -rpibv. 

Svpla, -as, f. Syria, on the Levant, or 
east end of the Mediterranean. In 
Xenophon’s time it included the 
country east of the Euphrates, which 
was not called Mesopotamia till 
after the conquests of Alexander. 

ov-ppéo, I flow or flock together ; 
fut. -pevcopuat, pf. ovv-eppunxa, 2 
aor. pass, ouy-eppuny. 

ov-oxevalw, I pack up baggage ; fut. 
~Gow, perf. pass, cvv-eoxevac pat. 

GU-cKyvos, -ov, dwelling in the same 
tent, a tent-mate. (oKnvh, a tent.) 

ov-oTrovddlw, I unite in zeal with, 
(lit. ‘make haste together with,’) 
share in one’s zeal. 

ov-orparevopat, J serve in’ the army 
with, join in an expedition; fut. 
~evoopa. 

ov-otpartoedevopat, I encamp along 
with, imperf. cuv-eorparomedevd puny. 


opayafopar, I sacrifice; fut. opa- 
yao opat. 

aodaytov, -ov, 0, a victim. (apdla, 
I slay.) 

oddafw, and opatrte, I sacrifice; fut. 
opatw, pf. pass. €opaypa, I aor. 
pass. éopaxOny. 

odpevSovaw, I sling ; fut. -yow. 

odevidvn, -78, f. a sling, also a stone 
from a sling. 

odevSovytns, -ov, m. a slinger. 

oddpa, (adv.) very, exceedingly, 

oxedov, (adv.) almost, nearly. 

oxety, 2 aor. infin. of xa, 

oxXjow, fut. act. of éxw. 

oxlw, I cleave; fut. oxtow, pf. pass. 
éoxto pas. 

oxoAdlw, I have leisure; fut. oxo- 
Adow, (CKXOAR.) 

oxoAatws, (adv.) leisurely, slowly. 

oXoAn, -is, f. leisure; (dat. oxoAq, 
at leisure, leisurely, or slowly.) 


226 


ox, oxy, 2 aor. subj. and part. of 
éxo, 

owlw, I save, keep safe, preserve, 
(Pass.) I return safely; fut. owow, 1 
aor. éowoa, perf. pass. c€owopas, I 
aor. pass. éowOnv: aw lew els, to 
bring safely to a place. 

wKpadtys, -ovs, m. Socrdtes, the 
philosopher, who taught Xenophon 
and Plato: he lived through all the 
flourishing time of Athens, from 
B.c. 469 to 399, when he was un- 
justly condemned to drink hemlock. 

oGpa, -aros, n. a body. 

aos, (contr. ows, omy), safe, un- 
injured. 

Cwrnp, jpos, m. a saviour, preserver. 
(ou (mw, I save.) 

owrnpla, -as, f. safety, preservation. 

plSns, -ov, m. Sotérides, a native 

of Sicyon, near Corinth. 

owdpovéw, J am of sound mind, am 
wise; behave well, am obedient. 


di 


taéXavrov, -ov, n. lit. ‘a balance,’ 
hence a talent of gold, about 
£250. A talent contained sixty 
minae (£4); each mina contained 
100 drachmae. 

Téfts, -ews, f. order, battle array. af 
Tages, the ranks. (rdrro, I ar- 
range). 

Tdoyo, -wv, m. the Tédochi, a hill- 
tribe to the north of Armenia, 
now Georgia. 

tapartw, I throw into disorder, dis- 
turb; fut. rapd{w, perf. pass. rerd- 
pay ya. 

T4paxos, -ov, m. confusion, disorder. 

Tapool, -av, Tarsi, or Tarsus, the 
capital of Cilicia, on a rich plain 
by the river Cydnus (1.93). Here 
Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, is 
said to have established himself. after 
his conquestsin Asia Minor. Tarsus 
is best known as the birthplace of 
St. Paul, who claimed the freedom 


VOCABULARF. 


granted to the city by Augustus. 
It was an important seat of 
philosophy and learning from the 
second century B.c. downwards. 

sarro, I arrange, draw up in line, 
order; fut. rdgox, 1 aor. éraga, 
perf. pass. rerdypat, I aor. pass. 
érdxOny. 

taGra, n. pl. of obros, these things. 

taurd, for ra abrd, the same things. 

waurév (instead of rat7rd) = 76 avr, 
the same. 

wagos, -ov, m. a tomb. (Odzra, I 


bury.) 
wddpos, -ov, f. a ditch, trench, 
TAXA, = TAX ews, 


Taxéws, (adv.) quickly, soon; comp. 
Oacoor, superl. rdxiora. 

TAXUS, -€ia, -v, aaa swift; comp. 

Cow, sup. TAXLOTOS. 

TaxU, quickly. (ds rdxio7a, as quickly 
as possible ; éwel taxto TA, as soon 
as.) 

v¢,and. (re..xal, both . . and.) 

TeOdppyka, perf. act. of Pappéw. 

TéOvnka, perf. act. of Orhaoxw. 

TéOpappar, perf. pass. of rpéda. 

welvw, I stretch, extend; fut. ree, 
perf. réraxa, perf. pass. rérayau. 

ray(lo, I build a wall, fortify. 
(reixos, a wall.) 

TelXOS, -ovs, n. a wall, fortress. 

reXevraios, -a, -ov, last. (rédos, an 
end.) 

teheutdw, I end, finish, (sc. Bio, I 
die); lit. ‘end my life.’ 

véXos, -ous, n. an end, (réXdos. accus, 
at last.) 

téuvw, I cut; fut. reud, perf. re 
Tynka, 2 aor. érapoy, 

tétaypatr, perf. pass. of rar7To. 

Térapat, perf. pass. of relive, 

térapros, -n, -ov, fourth. 

TeTpaxts-x(Aror, -a:, -a, four-thou- 
sand, 

Terpaxdcrot, -a, -a, four-hundred, 

tTérpwpat, perf. pass. of rerpdcKa. 

TeTTapaKovra, forty, 

vérrapes, ~a, four. 


VOCABULARY. 


wvéxvn, -72, f. art, contrivance, 

wTexvicads, (adv.) artfully, skilfully. 
(réxvn, art.) 

vixw, I melt; 1 aor. Ernéa, perf. 
intrans.) rérnxa, I am melted. 

éas, -ov, m. the Teleboas, a river 
of Armenia (V. 88). 

athpepov, (adv.) to-day. 

T Be omot. -oy. m. the Tibaréni, a 
people in Pontus, west of the 
Chalybes. 

Ttyens, -7708, m. the Tigres or Tigris, 
one of the great rivers of Assyria, 
east of the Euphrates. Within the 
last 7oo years it has changed its 
course near its mouth, and joined 
the Euphrates. 

wlOnpu, I put, set, place; fut. 6how, 
perf. réOe:xa, 1 aor. Onxa, plur. 
from 2 aor. @epev, etc. (TiPecOat 
Ta Swia, to ground arms, i.e. halt, 
or take up a position.) 

Tipackwv, -ovos, m. Timasion, a 
native of Dardanus, and an officer 
in the Greek army (VI. 159). 

vTipdw, I honour, esteem, value; fut. 
Tipnow. (rin, honour.) 

Tun, -78, f. honour, price, estimation, 
vos, -a, -ov, valuable. (riph, 


ce.) 
péw, (Act.) I avenge, with dat. 

of person; (Mid.) J avenge myself 
on, punish, with acc., fut. -jow. 

TiptBafos, -ov, m. Tiribazus, a satrap 
of Western Armenia (V. 89). 

ws, Tt, gen. tivds, (indef. pron.) 
one, a certain one, some. (ei m1, if 
anyone; moids ris; what sort of 
person? wv, at all: lit. ‘in any- 
thing.’) 

alg, ti, (interrog.. pron.) who? what? 
(ri, why ? lit. ‘for what’ ?) 

Trscadépvys, -ovs, m. Tissaphernes, 
the wiliest of the Persians. He 
was at first satrap of Lydia, Ionia, 
and Caria, but had to give over 
the Ionian towns to Cyrus; hence 
he was a bitter enemy of Cyrus 
and his army. Tte king gave 


227 


him his daughter in marriage as 
a reward for his services, but he 
was eventually executed through 
the influence of Parysatis, the queen- 
mother, in revenge for the death of 
Cyrus, her favourite son (B.c. 395.) 

witpwoxw, I wound; fut. rpwow, 
perf. pass. rérpwpa:, I aor. pass. 
érpwtny. 

vToL, in truth, verily, assuredly. 

wolvuv, therefore, then. 

wovbabe, rordde, Todvde, of such kind, 
such. 

Tovottos, ToavrTn, ToovTo, such, 
(strengthened form of rotos, and not 
compounded with ovros), 

toApdw, I dare venture, have the 
courage; fut. -how, perf. reroAunna. 
(réApn, daring.) 

véEeupa, an arrow, lit. ‘that which is 
shot from a bow.’ (rofevw.) 

wofevw, J shoot with a bow. (rédfor, 
a bow.) 

tTokétys, -ov, m. a bowman, archer. 
(régov, a bow.) 

vTémos, -ov, m. a place, spot, locality. 

Togotros, Toca’rn, TogoUTo, so 
great, of such a@ size. tocovTy, 
with comparative, dy so much; 
(lengthened form of régos, not 
compounded with ovros). / 

w6t6, (adv.) then, at that time. (Tore 
péy.. ore 5é, at one time. . at 
another.) 

amperes “ns, f. a table. 

patefots, -ovvros, m. and f. 
Trapezus, a town in Pontus, on the 
Euxine, now Trebisond. 

TpaxnAos, -ov, m. the neck, 

Tpaxvs, -eia, -v¥, rough, rugged; 
harsh. 

apeis, Tpia, three. (Lat. tres.) 

tpénw, I turn, put to flight, rout; fut. 
Tpépo, I aor. érpepa, perf. pass. 
Térpappat, I aor. pass. érpépOny, 
2 aor. pass. érpamny. 

tpihw, I nourish, rear, support; fut. 
Opépa, perf, pass. TéOpappyas, 2 aor, 
pass. érpdgny. 


Q2 


2.28 


tpéxm, I run; fut. 3payotpas, 2 aor. 
éSpapoy, perf. Se3paunxa. 

aTplaxovra, thirty. 

tpraxdorot, -at, -a, three-hundred. 

tpifpns, -ovs, f. (sc. vavs) a trireme ; 
lit. a ship with three banks of oars. 

Tpinptrys, -ov, m. a éfrireme-man, 
sailor. 

TpLTAdovos, -a, -ov, thrice as much. 

tpltrovus, -rouy, (gen. -rodos) having 
three feet, a three-legged table (sc. 
Tpdme(a). 

apls, (adv.) three times, thrice. 

Tpis-a = tpls dopevos, 
glad ; lit. ‘ thrice-pleased.’ 

Tprs-xlArot, -at, -a, three-thousand. 

aplros, -7, -ov, third. (7d tplrov, 
Sor the third time.) 

TpLxXq, (adv.) in three divisions, three- 
Sold 


very 


wpr-xolvixos, -ov, containing three 
choenices, or quarts. A quart of 
flour, or quartern loaf, was a man’s 
daily allowance. 

spétravov, -ov, n. a trophy. 

spoth, -is, f. a rout, defeat; lit. ‘a 
turning to flight.’ (See tpétw.) 

wpétrog, -ov, Mm. means, manner; dis- 
position, character. (rédvSe Tov 
tpétoy, in this way.) 

spoph, -ts, f. nourishment, food, 
support. (rpépw, I nourish.) 

Tpeas, -d50s, f. Troas, or the Troad, 
the district round Troy in Mysia. 

Tuyxdvw, I hit, get, obtain (with 
gen.); fut. revgopa:, perf. rerv- 
xnKka, 2 aor. érvxov; (with part.) 
I happen, am at the time (doing), as 
Tuyxdava dv, I happen to be. 

Tupvaiov, -ov, n. Tyriaeum, a town 
in Phrygia (1. 66). 

Tupéds, -ov, m. cheese. 

tipor., -cws, f. a tower. (Lat. turris.) 

win, -78, f. fortune, chance. 


v 


UPpllw, I act insolently, or brutally ; 
1 aor. UBpioa, perf. pass, FB8propas. 
(Spits, insolence.) 


VOCABULARY. 


iBprorés, -f, -dy, brutal, insolent, 
vicious. (UBpts, insolence.) 

bypérns, -ry708, f. suppleness. (iypés, 
moist, hence supple.) 

UBpo-hopéw, J carry water, 

USpo-ddpos, -ov, m. and f. a water- 
carrier. (S8wp, water, pépa, I 
carry.) 

Sop, Tddros, n. water. 

ulé¢, -oU, m. @ son. 

tAn, -78, f£. a wood, forest. (Lat. 
silva.) 

tpéreposg, -a, Ov, your, yours, (poss. 
adj. from bpets.) 

tn-dyw, I lead on slowly; fat. -d{a, 
2 aor. -fyayov, perf. pass. -Fypas. 

tr-alOptos, -ov, and -a, -ov, ix 
the open air. (ind, beneath, aidip, 


bm-avridlo, I come, or go fo meet. 

im-apXos, -ov, mM. One commanding 
under another; i.e. a déenutenant 
governor. 

bar-dpxo, (1) J am at the beginning, 
am to start with. (2) with dat. 
I am on the side of. (ra iw 
dpxovra, one’s means.) 
-AoMLTTHS, -00, Mm. a shield-bearer. 
(ind, and dons, lit. ‘under 3 
shield.’) 

txép, prep., with gen. and acc. (root 
meaning over, Lat. super). 1. with 
gen. i. over, above, beyond; ii. 
in behalf of, for, in the name of. 
II. with acc. i. of motion, over, or 
beyond; ii. of numbers, beyond, 
more than. In Composition, over, 
overmuch. 

trrep-Balve, I cross over; fut. -Bh00- 
pas, 2 aor. -€Bny. 

trep-BddAw, (intrans.) J go or pass 
over ; fut. -Bad@, 2 aor. -€Badoy. 

baep-Bodh, -fs, f. a crossing, pass. 
(tmép, BaAAO.) 

drep-hprous, -v, above half, more 
than half. 

trrep-inpndos, -ov, exceeding high. 
(See tarép in Composition.) 


tn-eoxdpny, 2 aor. of dwsoxréopas. 


VOCABULARY. 


tr-éxw, I undergo, submit to; fut. ip- 
éfo, or Sro-o0xHow, 2 aor. bn-eoxov. 

Um-Koos, -ov, obedient, subject ; lit. 
‘giving ear to’ (from itd, and 
dicovw), 

ir-nperéw, I assist (with dat.). (é77- 
pérns, an assistant; lit. ‘an under- 
rower, from épérns, a rower.) 

tr-royxvéopat, Z promise, undertake ; 
fut. tro-cxnjoopat, perf, in-éoxn- 
pas, 2 aor. tr-eoxdpny. 

Urvos, -ov, m. sleep, 

umd, prep. with gen., dat., and acc. 
(same word as Lat. sub). I. with 
gen. i. under, hence ii. by, of the 
agent after passive verbs; so of 
things, by reason of, from, as wd 
@poBou, from fear. II. with dat., 
under, hence subject to, as ind 
Baciwrer. Ill. with acc. i. of motion, 
under, close to; ii. of time, 
towards, as wwd wuie«ra, towards 
night, at nightfall. (Lat. subnoctem.) 
In Composition, under, also secretly, 
gradually. 

two-Bexopat, I receive, welcome; fut. 
Sdfopa 

tre-dicc, I bind or tie under, (in0- 
SeSepevor, with thetr shoes on, lit. 
‘having their [shoes] bound under 
their feet].’) 

-aTos, n. a sandal, 
* something bound under [the feet} 
wytev, -ov, n. lit. ‘under the 

yoke, i.e. a beast of burden, baggage- 
animal 


Swo-Adwe, (Act.) I leave behind, 

ag (Mid) ag behinds 2a. in-tAsrov. 
SweAte, 1 loosen, unfasien; fat. 

iow. 

A sri I rigs behind ; fot. -pevw. 

Lat. 

(Je6, and «sad Bh aig) = 

tro-ctpige, I 


- turn back, return; 
-oT péfes, a aor. pass. is- 
corphgny. 

sig al ca (iad, and 


ee ea 75 


229 


borepalg, sc. Hyépg, on the next 
day. (bcrepos.) 
daasbieg -a, -oy, later, after, behind. 
ov, (adv.) afterwards. 
iy pny, imperf. mid. of ép-lyps. 
Si tnie (Act.) I send or put under; 
oe I grant, yield, submit; fut. 
-how, perf, pass. -eipat, 
bd. pt, (trans.) JZ place under, 
(intrans.) 2 aor. bwéarny and pass. 
I undertake, legac oo the 


enemy, stand my 
inn Ads, -7 fh, -by, high lofty loft y. 
tipos, -ovs, 2. height. 


@, 


gayetv, 2 aor. with pres. éobiw. 
vw, (Act.) I show; Ne) I ap- 
pear ; fut. gaya, 1 aor. épnva, perf. 
Pass. népacpa:, 2 aor. pass. épdlyny. 
paiverat elvat, he seems to be; but 
gaivera: dv, he clearly is. 

ddrayé, -ayyos, f. a phalanx, line af 
battle, (as opp. to column), 
aXivos, -ov, m. Phalinus, a Greek 
from Zacynthus, now Zante, one of 
the Ionian islands. 

—— -t, -dy, manifest, visible, 

(paire.) 

Pte (adv.) clearly, evidently. 

, ~Ov, Nn. medicine, drug, 
hence poison. 

, ov, m. Pharnabazus, 
satrap of Phrygia and Bithynia 
(VIII. 1). 

Pra nae es -v, pl. m. the Phasiani. 
(1) an Armenian tribe dwelling on 
the Araxes, which Xenophon calls 
the Phasis (V. 178). (2) 2 tribe 
dwelling on the Colchian Phasis 
(VI. 211). 

gaat, 3 pl. pres. ind. of pnpi 

Pacis, -20s, m. the Phasis. (1) a 
river in Armenia, flowing into the 
Caspian Sea, properly called the 
Araxes (V. 176). (2) a river in 
Colchis, flowing westwards into the 
Eaxine (VI. 210). 


Q 3 


230 


o4onxss, I say, assert, only used in 
part. pacnaw and imperf. épac«op : 
see gmyi. 

dipw, I bear, bring, carry; lead (ofa 
road); fut. ofow, perf. évpvoyxa, 
perf. pass. évnveypai, I aor. fveyxa, 
2 aor. (in I pers. sing.) fvey«or. 
(xarAexrws pépw, I take it dl, am 
anncyed.) 

oevye, I flee; am banished, hence 
& pevryay, an exile; fut. peifopas, 
perf. wépevya, 2 aor. Epvyoy. 

qnpl, J say; fut. phew, 2 aor. épny 
and elmoy, perf. efpnwa, perf. pass. 
elpnpyas, 1 aor. pass. éppnOny. The 
pert. is often gacwaw, and the 
imperf. épackoy. See pdoxo, (ov 
gnpi, I say no, i.e. I deny, re- 
use.) 
vw, I get before, anticipate, over- 
take; fut. pOhoopat, I aor. épOdoa. 

$8éyyopar, I utter a word, shout, cry, 
sound (of a trumpet) ; fut. pOéyfo- 
pas, I aor. épOeygauny. 
ovéiw, I envy, grudge, (with dat.), 
fut. -how, 

sare ‘us f. a cup, goblet, (hence 


ahio? I love; fut. giagow. (pidos, 
dear.) 


gla, -as, f. friendship. 
dear 


) 

Akos, -7, -dv, friendly. 

diAccds, (adv.) on friendly terms, 

dlAr0og, -a, -ov, friendly. 

Prd d£evos, -ov, m. Philoxénus, a brave 
Greek from Pelléne in Achaia. 

giAo-wéAenos, -ov, fond of war. 
(pidos, and méAepos, war.) 

salt -n, -ov, dear, beloved, hence 
ldo, -ov, m. a friend. 

A0-orpariorns, -ov, m. a soldiers’ 
friend, (pidos, and orpariwrns, a 
soldier.) 

@drdc10s, -a, -ov, Phliasian, or 
inhabitant of Phlius, a town in 
Argolis. 

doBepds, -4, -dv, fearful, dreadful. 
(#6B0r, fear.) 


(pidros, 


VOCABULARY. 


$oBiw, (Act) I frighten: (Mid) 1 

fear; fut. poBna 
-ov, m. fear, Saline: fright. 

Powvicy,. -ns, f. Phoenicia, the coast of 
Syria from the river Orontes on the 
north to Mount Carmel in the south. 
Its two chief towns were Tyre and 
Sidon, (lit. ‘ the palm-country,’ from 
point, a falm-tree.) 

dowixios, -a,-ov, red, purple. (point, 


purple.) 
going, -ixos, m. the palm-tree, (also 
purple). ; 
Poiné, -ixos, a Phoenician (I. 66). 
opate, I say, tell; fut. ppacw, perf. 
wep pixa. 
dpéap, -Gros, n. a well, 
dpovines, (ady.) prudently, sensibly, 
(adv. of $povipos, prudent). 
68, -ov, m. a guard. 
$pvydvov, -ov, no. a faggot, in pl. 
Jirewood. 


Prihi -as, f. Phrygia, originally the 
whole interior of the western half 
of Asia Minor, but extending on 
the North-west to the Hellespont 
and Propontis. In Xenophon’s time 
this latter district was known as 
Phrygia Minor, or Phrygia on the 
Hellespont, while the interior pro- 
vince was called Phrygia Major, 
or simply Phrygra. 

guyds, -ddos, m. an exile. (pevyr, 
I fee.) 

puyn, -is, f. Slight, banishment. 

puAddkn, -f8, f. watch, guard. (gvia- 
Kds puAarrety, to keep watch.) 

vAag, -dxos, m. a guard, sentinel. 

dudarrw, fut. puddgw, perf. pass. 
nepbrAaypos, (Act.) J guard; (Mid.) 
I am on my guard, am ware of. 

duode, I blow up, inflate ; fut. 
puonon, I aor. pass. €pvayOny. 

diw, I produce, beget; fut. vow, 
(intrans.) pf. wépiwa, 2 aor. épur, 
Iam born, am by nature. 

wv, -78, f. a voice, speech. 

as, dards, n. (contr. from aos), 
light. 


VOCABULARY, 


X. 


xalpw, I rejoice, am glad; fut. xa- 
pnow, perf. xexdpyka, 2 aor. pass. 
éxdpny. 

xaAetralve, I am angry, am provoked, 
(with dat.) 

xXaAerés, -4, -dv, hard, difficult, (of 
character) harsh. 

XaderGs, ends with difficulty, 
Aenios pépey, to take it ill.) 
XdAxeos, -a, -ov, (contr.) xaAxods, 
~fj, -ovv, made of bronze or copper. 

(xaAKés. ) 

XaAKdg, -ov, m. copper, bronze. 

XdrvBes, -ov, pl. m. the Chalybes, 
a people in Pontus, north of Ar- 
menia, famed for their iron mines 
(V. 177). 

xapdbpa, -as, f. a gully, ravine. 

xapleas, -ecoa, -ev, graceful, neat, 
clever. (xapis, grace.) 

xaplLopar, I gratify, favour, oblige ; 
I aor. éxapiodpny, perf. Kexa- 
piopas. 

Xapts, -cros, f. favour, thanks, grati- 
tude, dmod:3dvat xapiy, to return 
a favour; éxev xapy, to feel 
grateful. 

Xappivos, -ov, m. Charminus, a 
Lacedaemonian envoy (VII. 328). 
XEtpeov, -vos, m. (1) winter. (2) 
wintry weather, a storm, (Lat. 

hiems.) 

xetps x xetpes, f. a hand; dat. pl. xepoi. 

Xeploodos, -ov, m. Cheirisophus, a 
Spartan general under Cyrus. 

xelpwy, -ov, used as comp. of xaxés, 
worse, inferior. (xelpw for xelpova, 
acc. sing. or neut, pl., xelpous for 
xelpoves or xelpovas.) 

Keppévycos, or Xepodvyoos, f. the 
Chersonese, in Thrace (I. 26, note). 

xnAf, -7s, f. a pier, breakwater, 
(shaped like a claw). 

xArvor, -at, -a, a thousand. 

X'Aéds, -ov, m. fodder, grass. 

XiTev, -avos, m. an under garment, 
shirt, tunic, (Lat. tunica.) 


(xa- 


231 


Xtav, -dvos, f. snow. 

xAapis, -¥5os, f. a cloak. 

XSpTos, -ov, m. grass, provender. 

xpdopar, I use, employ, treat, deat 
with, (with dat. ); fut. ypnoopas, 
perf, xéxpnpat, I aor. éxpnoduny. 

xpy, (impers.) it is mecessary, one 
must, one ought; fut. xphoe, im- 
perf. éxpiy. 

Xp7po, “aros, n. lit. ‘that which may 
be used;’ generally in plural xpf- 


pata, property, money. (xpaopat, I 
use.) 


Xpnparioricds, -7, -dv, (of an omen) 
"portending gain. (xphpara, money.) 

Xpivat, infin. of xp7. 

XpfjoGar, pres. infin. of Xpdopas. 

XPmeos, -ov, useful, serviceable, 
(xpd opas, I use.) 

XpOvos, -ov, m. “ime; wordw xpédvoy, 
Sor a long time, 

XpUceos, -a, -ov, (contr.) yxpucods. 
-f}, -ovv, golden. (xpuads.) 
xpvolov, -ov, n. gold-money, (dimin. 
of xpucds.) 

XpvoéroAts, -ews, f. Chrysopolis, a 
city of Bithynia on the Bosporus, 
now Scutari. (Lit. ‘the golden 
city.’) 

Xpucés, -od, m. gold, 

xdpa, -as, f. a country, district, terri- 
tory; alse place, position. 

xwpéw, ZI go, march, proceed; fut. 
Xophoo. 

xwplov, -ov, n. a place, especially 
fortified place, fort, position; also 
space of ground, (dimin. of dpa). 

xwpls, (adv.) apart, separately, 


Y. 


WéAvov, -ov, n. a bracelet, 

WevSw, (Act.) J deceive; (Mid.) Z lie, 
play any one false; fut. pebou, 
perf. pass, éevopas, I aor. pass. 
epevoOny. 

Wnpifopar, T vote; 1 aor. &yypiodyny. 
(Hie a pebble for voting. 

Weds, -7, -dv, bare; light-armed. 


232 


odéw, I make a noise, clash (of a 
shield). (Pddos, noise.) 

Wuxy, -7s, f. the soul, life. 

Woxos, -ovs, n. cold. 


2. 


@, sign of the vocative. 

OB, (adv.) thus, as follows (introduc- 
ing a speech). 

gdh, -78, f. a song, (contr. from 
do.dy, from deidw, ¢8w, I sing.) 

@fhPnv, I aor. pass. of olopat. 

wOéo, I push; fut. dow, perf. gona, 
I aor. éwoa. 

whopéds, -od, m. a pushing, jostling. 
Kouv, imperf. of olxéw. 
ANeoa, I aor. act. of dAAupL. 
@AAVpHy, imperf. mid. of SAAvps. 
eAdpny, 2 aor. mid. of dAAvp. 
apés, -4, -dv, raw; (of character) 
savage, cruel. 

pos, -ov, m. the shoulder. 
ume¥us.) 

dpowa, 1 aor, act. of dpyups. 

eviopar, I buy; fut. dvjropat, 2 aor. 
éxpidpnv., (See mplacOar.) 


(Lat. 


VOCABULARY, 


Svcs, -a, -oy, for sale. 7a dua, 
commodities. 
my, imperf. of ofopac. 
-as, f. a season, hour, time, (Lat. 


Sppyoa, 1 aor. act. of dpyda. 

Sppnpar, perf. pass. of dpydo. 

Sppouv, imperf. act. of dppéw. 

Sppopny, imperf. mid. of dpyda. 

epepvypyy, pluperf, pass. of dpurre. 

as, (conj.) (1) how, as, as if; with 
infin. so as to. (2) that, in order 
that. (3) since, because. With 
numerals, about, as ws éxardy, about 
a hundred. .With superlatives, as 
ws raxiora, as quickly as possible. 

doavrws, (adv.) in like manner, 

Sowep, just as tf, just as. 

Sore, (with Ind.) so that, (with Infin.) 
So as fo. 

arts, -fS08, f. a bustard. 

@7és, gen. of ovs. 

wpedtw, I aid, help, benefit; imperf. 
dpédow, fut. -yow. (Distinguish 
from dpedov, 2 aor. of dpeirw.) 

aphArpos, -7, -ov, profitable, useful. 
(@pedéw.) 

@xopyy, imperf. of ofyopas. 


GRAMMATICAL REGISTER. 


The references are in all cases to the Notes; the more important are distinguished 
by a difference of type. 


Article. 


Article distinguishing subject from 
predicate, iii. 206; iv. 269; 
vill, 319. 

— possessive use of, 1.15; iii. 1703 
iv. 933 Viii. 160. 

— separated from its noun by inter- 
vening words, i.1093 iv. 124; 
viii. 141, 163. 

— with infinitive, see Mood. 

— with participle, iv. 943 vi. 133, 
202; viii. 356. 

— with was, iii. 112; vi. 137. 

— with words, v. 82; vi. 158. 


Pronoun. 


avry and atrn, v. 116. 

avros 6 and 6 ards, i. 2093 iv.190; 
vii. 69, 2 Ne Bee 

elo of, vi. 45. 


deeivos, v.62. CNA Saas Oe rere 


~h 4, 4, Fand f, q, 7, vi. 268; vii. 201, 


bons i in indirect questions, iv. 233. 
obroot, i, 248. 
Tavra and ravrd, i. ao ee ae 
ad 
ravrdy, i i. 198. 
vis with accent thrown back from fol- 
lowing word, viii. 161, 510. 


Substantive. 


Declension of ols, Bous, etc., vii. 34. 
Distinguish between :— 
OTov, apioToy, iii, 15; vii. 168. 
Bacired, BaciAeia, i. 9. 
éédovras, éedovrds, vi. Pde 


Nate 


ita “é fo. we “ee 


— of time, iv. 255; v. 2803 vii. 





olsot, sue i. 298. AK ( 3 ben 


Poe 08, V. 182, WA AG vst 
vAakds, pvAaxas, vi. 
Meanings of -— 
SmAa = =dxAirat, Vii. 47 
7a Sra, ‘ quarters,’ iv. 4 vii. 162. 
meXTaoTai and yrAol, vi. 50. 
mpoBoAh, vii. 206. 
parart, v. 300; vii. 202; viii. 
268. 


Verbal nouns in -ors and in -pa, iv. 


236. 
Case. 


Attraction of relative, i. 290; vii. 
196 ; viii. 314. 

— of nominative into relative clause, 
viii. 526. 

Nominative with infinitive, iv. 286; 
vii. 283; vii. 31, 249. 

Accusative, cognate, vi. 288. 

— double, viii. 383. 

— of respect, i. 262; iii.98; v.126; 


vi. 3453 viii. 136, 364. 


/ — of time, iv. 73. 


Genitive, absolute, iv. 101. 

— of-respect, v. 129. ‘ 
101, 163. 

— partitive, iv.127; v. 66, 3193 viii. 
IIo. 

Dative, as complement in apposition, 
iv. 81; viii. 51. 

— commodi, v. 9. 

— instrumental, iii. 135; vii. 142. 

TAUTY, Th, as local advetos, V.22.Th- 


234 


NuMBER. 
Dual for emphasis, v. 17; viii. 355. 
Dual subject with plural verb, iv. 134; 
v.17. 
Dual adjective with plural noun, i.1; 
iv. 279; Vili. 135. 


GENDER. 
rw as feminine dual, vi. 347. 


Adjectives. 


GAdXos, vii. 122. 
aurdparos, v. 9. .- 
3evds, v. 208; viii. 207. 
pices, iv. 172; V. 34. 
wodAow dfios, ii. 135. 
tH dorepalg, etc., with noun omitted, 
i. 327: a ty =e cr a a eat y 
Prepositions, ° 
dvd, distributive, iv. 178. 


— in composition, i. 7; v. 322. ie 
dvd xpatos, ii. 5. + »-4a., anid 


on 


~u't dad, in composition, vii. 273; viii. 


oy ee 


\ 145, 221. 
3:4, in composition, iv. 309; v. Io, 
100 ; vi. 271; viii. 88, 184. 
— with gen. versus acc., vii. 277 ; 
viii. 478. 
els, with numerals, vii. 140. 
éx, of time or consequence, i. 85,179; 
viii, 146, 498. 
— ‘pregnant’ use of, i. 88, 
éx waldayv, iv. 201. 
éy, of time, vi. 15, 72, 174. 
éwi, with gen. ‘on a base of,’ i. 71. 
— with dative :-— 
— purpose, i. 276; vi. 15; vii. 133, 
303. 
— condition, iv. 350; vi. 201. 
— with acc. :— 
— extent, vii. 120. 
— object or aim, iv. 209; vi. 16; 
vii, 153, 2373 Vili. 423. 
— in composition, iv. 232. 
«ata, with gen., vii. 230. 
— with acc. (distributive force), iv. 
2313 Vili. 100, 
4ara aparos, ii. 53; viii. 518. 


£ . 
. a were 


GRAMMATICAL REGISTER. 


perd, with acc. versus gen., i. 12 
vili. 229. 
napa, with dat., iv. 286. 
—withacc.:— 
— ‘beside,’ i. 3223 motion to, 
318 ; ‘along,’ vii. 82. 
— comparison, viii. 405. 
— ‘contrary to,’ iii. 75; iv. 76; v 
290. 
— in composition, vii. 200, 207; vi 
108. 
nepl, with acc., of behaviour ‘ to,’ vi 


mo. 
ave 


413. 
of wepl, with acc., viii. 290. 
npés, with gen., v.56., of? ane 
mpos Seay, viii. 72. 4 “o 
— with dat. versus acc., viii. 389. 
oby, iv. 128. 


umd, in comp., iv. 219. 


Verbs. 
Compound verbs in -éw, iii. 22; i 
-6, iii. 187. 

Transitive and Intransitive :— 
éx, iv. 2; vii. 147. 
torn, i. 205; ii. 99; Vv. 330. 
mparto, iv. 19; vii. 80. 

Passive supplied by other verbs :— 
aipéw, dXioxopat, vii. 5, 271. 
dwoxreiva, awoOvnoKa, vii. 223 

viii. 284. 
RaBiBalw, daBalve, viii. 111. 
éxBdddrAw, Exalaro, vi. 57 3 viii. 13 
nacxw, Zoréw, viii. 198. 
TiOnu, Beruas (and compounds), ii 
207; Vii. 221; viii. 59. 

Peculiar meanings :-— 
dvayvyvdonw, i. 2373 vi. 267. 
dwoBAéwo, viii. 145, 


S:aBddAdAw, i. 12. a ae 
diapé popat, viii. 97. 
Soxéo, iii. 75. suede 


* 
“se 


émcriOepat, vii. 20. Sh oe 
xaio), viii. 274. ‘s weit 
kdpyo, vi.268, =” Me ue 
wappeyyvao, vii. 186, 
spomive, Vili, 218, 
ovoreva(opar, viii. 176. ‘s a>. 
Yadpyos, WL 1]. ve 


GRAMMATICAL REGISTER. 


Phrases :—éyew alrlay, viii. 368; 
éxew mpdypara, vi. 131; dienv 
Sovvat, vi. 252; Slanv émOeiva, 
i. 134; Sieny exe, viii. 308. 

Geiy Spdpy, ii. 54; vii. 206. 

GécOar Sara, i. 242; v. 54; Vi. 
63; vii.172; viii. 55. 

mo.etv Adxoy, vi. 36. 

npoBadéoba 7a SrAa, i, 82. 

Construction of dxovw, with gen., ii. 
43; ill. 135 vi. IOI. 

Xpdopa:, with dat., vi. 228. 

Distinguish between :— 

Gyvuju, yw (in certain tenses), iv. 


350. 
aipw, aipéw, i. 203. 
aitéw, aitidopas, iv. 21, 273. 
airéw, parade, iii. 42. 
drodiSpacne, dwopevyo, i. 172. 
Soxéw, paivopa, vi. 226. 
eipi, yiyvopua, iv. 125; viii. 16. 
elroy, eladuny, ii. 158. 
eipyw, épyd Copa, vii. 77. 
éxicrapcar, épiornp, iv. 69, 148. 
éoracay, éornoay, i. 196. 
ka, Hoy, v. 150. 
fikw, Epxopat, viii. gt. 
npopny, npovpny, i. 314; iv. 24; 
viii, 136. 
HoOnv, noddpny, ii. 91; vi. 13. 
HXOnv, hx Odpny, vii. 135. 
Adya, Anyo, iv. 31. 
olda, yeyvwona, Vv. 190 ; vi. 194. 
éppdw, dppéw, i. 161 ; iv. 204. 
gkouv, pxduny, i. 169; v. 234, 
VoIcE. 


Active and Middle (difference of) :— 
aipéw, iv. 643 vii. 251, 271. 
apoyo, iii. 55. 
drodidwpe, viii. 99. 

AapuBava, v. 265. 
Topevo, iii. 141. 
ovpBovaedor, iv. 143 viii. 499. 
Tipwpéw, 1,151; viii. 306. 
poBéw, v. 145. 
puaddrry, i. 273; iii. gI. 
Perf. passive in middle sense, v. 1323 
vi. 39, 40; vii. 88. 


235 


Moop. 


Indicative for Optative in reported 
speech, ii. 5, 125; viii. 32. 
Subjunctive after compounds of dy, iii. 

67; v. 242; vii, 28, 310; viii. 
243, 418. 
Optative in reported speech, vi. 8; 
viii. 304, 461. 
— =past subjunctive, iv. 12; vi. 108. 
— deliberative, viii. 223, 379, 525. 
-—in indefinite or uncertain state- 
ment, vi. 181; vii. 92, 235. 
— indirect question, iv. 282; viii. 
214, 342. 
— statement, viii. 344. 
— for fut. indicative, viii. 463. 
Fut. Opt. in reported speech, iv. 289. 
Forms in -olny, -gny, iii. 133; vi. 
281. 
Infinitive with article, i. 24; iii. 196; 
iv. 97; Vi. 301; vii. 153. 
— with dy, i. 117. 
— of purpose, v. 1583; vii. go, 115, 
265 ; viii. 227. 
Participle with alcxvvopar, i. 215; iv. 
38. 
AavOdve, viii, 251. 
Tuyxave, iv. 5, 330. 
oda, etc., 1.119 ; ii. 108 ; vii. 269 ; 
viii. 377. 
—  =conjunction and verb, i. 261; _ 
vii. 81. 
— Imperfect, viii. 38, 101; Future, 
vii. 16; viii. 71, 79, 360. 
éfdy, iv. 55; éxdpevos, ii. 24 exon, 
iv. 260; epdpuevos, v. 273. 
Verbal adjective, iv. 142; v. 238; vii. 
185. 
TENSE. 


Present historical, 1. 1; ii. 79; v. 
296. 

— nasalised, i. 187; vi. 214. 

— with ai, V. 310. 

Imperfect, general force, iii. 28; iv. 
1753 v.98; vi. 289; vii. 5,74; 
Vili, 210, 272, 545. 

— versus Aorist, Wii. 242,271, B42. 


2.36 


Aorist rendered by pluperfect, 1. 254; 
li, 1183 v. 40. 
Paulo-post Future, iii. 77. 
Tenses of Aéyw = ‘speak,’ and ‘ gather,’ 
6 


v. 6. 
Augment in éxade(duny, etc., iv. 60 ; 
Vv. 141; Vili. 223. 


Conjunctions. 


Combined with dy, see Subjunctive. 

ei, av (forms of conditional sentence), 
iv.118 ; viii. 52, 148, 155, 409. 

énel, Vs 1733; éwedy, vi. 367; viii. 
16. 

éore, iv. 221. 

éws, with pres. and aor., vi. 321 ; Vii. 
205. 

iva, viii. 184. 

énére, with opt., v. 219. 

Saas, iv. 54. 

npiv, with opt., viii. 484. 

— in sentence with wpdadey, iv. 121. 

ws, with fut. part., ii. 70; v. 23 viii. 
115. 

— with superlative, v. 185 ; vi. 361. 

— with numerals, iv. 293; vili. 534. 

— =‘as if,’ viii. 15. 

Comep, Vv. 20. 

adore, with indic., v.93; vi. 47; with 
infin., viii. 522. 


Adverbs. 


del, iv. 127; v. 287. 
avrov, vii. 174. 
éyyls, comparison of, viii. 521. 
H5n, viii. 255, 497. 
ovdapn, woAAay7, etc., viii. 186. 
nAnatoy, i. 109; viii. 524. 
Distinguish between :-— 
Spos, dpolws, iv. 37. 
mot, Tov, Vii. 85. 
Adverbs in -Oev, vi. 229; in -{, vi. 


394, 354+ 


GRAMMATICAL REGISTER, 


Particles. 

GAAG, iii, 131; ve 317; vi. 258, 270; 
Vii. 300. 

GAA phy, vi. 258, 317. 

MAG... wey, viii. 367. 

dy, with relative pron., i. 175. 
‘ - 4. ) See forms of con- 

— with past indic. ditional sentence, 

— optative. iv. 113. 

— with infin., iv. 123; vii. 141. 

ardp, v. 199. 

ve, vi. 246; viii. 372, 387. 

84, iii. 210; iv. 8, 263, 3553 vii. 
229; Vili. 419. 

4 phy, iii. 60. 

wai, senses of, i. 21; iii. 32; iv. 84; 
vii. 305 ; viii. 320. 

— =‘or,’ v. 223; vi. 7I. 

kat Odp, vi. 285; vii. 135. 

wal... 84, iv. 217; v. 196. 

wat 8h, iii. 180; vi. 241. 

wal piv, i. 300. 

Kal wivs, v. 216. 

pév... 5, iv. 453 vii. 161, 190; 
viii. 294. 

pey dh, iv. 8. 

pey ody, ii. 83; iii. rag; vi. 144; 
viii. 346 

pévrot, V. 207; vil. 19, 271; viii. 
427. 

ov, i. 6. 

re... kal, Viii. 358. 


Negatives. 

ph, after verbs of hindering, etc., iv. 
242; v. 310. 

— with participle, v. 123. 

Bh versus 0d, V. 2023 vi. gr, 240 
viii, 121. 

obdé, vi. 265; vil. 145. 

ob pny, viii. 420. 

obK-é0éAw, i. 127. 

ob-pymt, iv. 278; vii. 141. 

Multiplied negatives, i. 141; ii. 50. 


see we 


cad 


an 


oo 


‘- 


236 


Aorist rendered by pluperfect, i, 254; 
ii, 1183 v. 40. 

Paulo-post Future, iii. 77. 

Tenses of A€yw = ‘speak,’ and ‘gather,’ 


v. 6. 
Augment in éxade(duny, etc., iv. 60; 
Vv. 141; Vili. 223. 


Conjunctions. 


Combined with dy, see Subjunctive. 

ei, édy (forms of conditional sentence), 
iv. 118 ; viii. 52, 148, 155, 409. 

éwel, v. 173; éwecdy, vi. 367; viii. 
16. 

gore, iv. 221. 

éws, with pres. and aor., vi. 321; vii. 
205. 

iva, viii. 184. 

onére, with opt., v. 219. 

dts, iv. 54. 

apiv, with opt., viii. 484. 

— in sentence with wpdadey, iv. 121. 

ws, with fut. part., ii. 70; v.23 viii. 
T15. 

— isk capetlativa: v.185 ; vi. 361. 

— with numerals, iv. 293; viii. §34. 

— =‘as if,’ viii. 15. 

WOmEp, V. 20. 

dore, with indic., v.93; vi. 47; with 
infin., viii. 522. 


Adverbs, 
del, iv. 127; v. 287. 


avrou, vii. 174. 
éyyls, comparison of, viii. 521. 
q5n, viii. 255, 497. 
ovdap7, roAAax7, etc., viii. 186. 
mAnaiov, i. 109; viii. 524. 
Distinguish between :— 
Spws, spolws, iv. 37. 
m0l, ov, Vii. 85. 
Adverbs in -Oev, vi. 229; in -, vi. 
304, 354- 


GRAMMATICAL REGISTER. 


Particles. 
GAAG, iii. 131; v. 217; vi. 258, 270; 
vii. 300. 
GAAG phy, vi. 258, 317. 
DAAd ... péy, viii. 367. 
dy, with relative pron., i. 175. 
See forms of con- 
ditional sentence, 
iv. 113. 
— with infin., iv. 123; vii. 141. 
ardp, v. 199. 
ve, vi. 246; viii. 372, 387. 
54, iii, 210; iv. 8, 263, 3553 vii. 
229; viii. 419. 

4 phy, iii. 60. 

kal, senses of, i. 21; iii. 32; iv. 84; 
Vii. 305 ; Vili. 320. 
— =‘or,’ Vv. 223; Vi. 71. 
kai 6dp, vi. 285 ; vii. 135. 
wal... 5é, iv. 217; v. 196. 
kat 67, iii. 180; vi. 241. 
wal phy, i. 300. 
wai mos, v. 216. 
pév... 5é, iv. 453 vii. 161, 190; 
viii, 294. 

pey oh, iv. 8. 

pev ody, ii. 83; iii. 129; vi. 144; 
viii. 346. 

pévta, Vv. 207; vii. 19, 271; viii. 
427. 

ovy, i. 6. 

re... kal, viii. 358. 


— with past indic, 
— optative. 


Negatives. 


py, after verbs of hindering, etc., iv. 
242 ; v. 310. 

— with participle, v. 123. 

Bh versus ob, V. 302; vi. g¥, 240 
Vili, 121. 

ob5é, vi. 265; vii. 145. 

od pny, viii. 420. 

ovx-26éAm, i. 127. 

ob-pnpu, iv. 278; vii. 141. 

Multiplied negatives, i. 141; ii. 59. 


> 


Ay 


