THE 


FOURTH  ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


LINCOLNSHIRE 

COUNTY  LUNATIC  ASYLUM, 

AT  BRACEBRIDGE, 

NEAR  LINCOLN. 


1857. 


LINCOLN  : 

PRINTED  BY  W.  AND  B.  BROOKE,  HIGH-STREET. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2018  with  funding  from 
Wellcome  Library 


https://archive.org/details/b30309281 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


COMMITTEE  OF  VISITORS 

OF  THE 

LINCOLNSHIRE  COUNTY  ASYLUM 

FOR 

PAUPER  LUNATICS. 


JANUARY,  1857. 


The  Committee  of  Visitors,  in  presenting  their  Fourth 
Annual  Report  to  the  Courts  of  Quarter  Sessions,  as 
required  by  the  Statute,  would  again  quote  the  Com¬ 
missioners  in  Lunacy  on  the  general  management  of  the 
Asylum,  as  recorded  on  their  visit  of  Inspection :  the 
Commissioners  expressed  themselves  “much  gratified 
“with  the  general  cleanliness  and  good  order  of  the 
“  Galleries  and  Rooms,  Beds  and  Bedding,  throughout 
“the  Asylum;’1  and  again  observed  that  “the  Patients 
f4were  remarkably  tranquil,  suitably  dressed,  and  clean 


2 


“  in  their  persons,1’  and  that  46  their  health  appeared  to 
“  be  good.” 

The  average  daily  resident  number  of  Patients  during 
the  year  ending  December  1856,  has  been  274,  viz.,  181 
Males  and  143  Females. 

The  Mortality  has  been  8  per  cent,  of  the  mean 
resident  number,  against  9.7 5  per  cent,  in  the  previous 
year;  the  main  causes  of  death  being  diseases  of  the 
brain  and  chest  respectively. 

The  Committee  of  Visitors,  in  their  last  Annual 
Report,  dwelt  upon  the  approaching  necessity  for  en¬ 
larging  the  Asylum,  and  in  October  last  they  caused  the 
following  statement  upon  that  subject  to  be  laid  before 
the  Courts  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  the  several  Divisions 
and  Boroughs  in  Union. 


STATEMENT. 

“  In  1852  this  Asylum  was  completed,  and  opened  for 
“250  patients,  (or  266  including  the  Infirmaries,)  being 
“  an  excess  of  50  per  cent,  beyond  the  requirement  shewn 
“by  the  Union  Statistics.” 

“In  1854  the  average  resident  daily  number  of  pa- 
“  tients  throughout  the  year  having  increased  to  244,  and 
“the  Asylum  on  the  Female  side  being  occasionally  over- 
“  flowing,  the  Committee  of  Visitors  entered  into  a  contract 
“  with  the  Visitors  of  the  Derbyshire  Asylum,  to  receive 
“the  excess  of  Lincolnshire  patients  into  that  Establish- 
“  ment.  Thnhy-four  Lincolnshire  patients  were  provided 
“  for  under  that  Contract  in  the  course  of  last  year,  and 
“  some  others  were  sent  by  the  parochial  authorities  to  the 
“Hull  Borough  and  other  distant  County  Asylums.” 

“  In  August  1855,  the  Derbyshire  Visitors  were  under 


3 


“  the  necessity  of  determining  the  Contract,  in  consequence 
“  of  the  increasing  number  of  patients  in  their  own  County  ; 
“  and  about  the  same  time  the  Commissioners  in  Lunacy 
“  visited  the  Asylum,  specially  with  a  view  of  ascertaining 
“  how  far  the  existing  accommodation  could  be  appropria¬ 
ted  so  as  to  secure  the  admission  of  all  patients  belonging 
“  to  the  County;  and  were  of  opinion,  that  if  the  further 
“  end  of  the  Gallery  in  each  receding  Wing  were  partitioned 
“  off,  and  used  as  a  Dormitory,  a  large  amount  of  additional 
“  accommodation  would  be  provided.” 

“  This  experiment,  regarded  by  the  Commissioners  in 
“  Lunacy  in  a  subsequent  Report  as  a  ‘  temporary  measure,’ 
“  has  been  tried,  at  a  cost  in  wooden  screens,  &c.,  of 
“  about  £100,  and  the  accommodation  thereby  increased 
“from  250  to  312  beds;  the  outlying  patients  have  been 
“  called  in — and  again  the  Asylum  has  become  full  on 
“  the  Females’  side.  In  addition  to  this  inconvenience,  it 
“  has  been  found  that  the  plan  of  dividing  the  Wards  is 
“  not  successful — the  patients  are  crowded  into  less  than 
“  half  the  space  originally  allotted  to  them,  and  this 
“  portion  of  the  Asylum  has  lost  much  of  its  former  tran- 
“  quillity,  and  is  not  quite  wholesome.” 

“  This  state  of  things,  and  the  growing  demand  for 
“  admission,  arising  from  circumstances  explained  by  the 
“  Commissioners  in  their  last  printed  Report,  lead  to  the 
“  inevitable  conclusion  that  the  Asylum  must  be  enlarged; 
“  and  the  Committee  of  Visitors  propose  to  effect  that 
“  object  by  adopting  the  plan  provided  for  in  the  original 
“design  of  the  Building,  viz.,  by  adding  another  story  to 
“  each  of  the  receding  Wings,  (which  are  at  .present  of  one 
“story  only,  and  196  feet  in  length,)  covering  the  same 
“  with  fire-proof  arches,  and  by  adding  a  Dormitory  on 
“  each  side,  and  the  necessary  Day-rooms,  &c.,  as  ‘  spurs’ 
“  to  the  Building.” 


4 


“  By  these  means  permanent  accommodation  would 
“  be  provided  for  400  patients ;  and  the  two  Galleries 
“  before  referred  to  as  not  being  in  a  satisfactory  state, 
“would  be  restored  to  their  original  numbers  and  con- 
“  dition.” 

“  The  Visitors  have  caused  the  Building,  Floors,  Hoofs, 
“  &c.,  to  be  carefully  examined,  and  as  close  an  Estimate 
“  to  he  formed  of  the  probable  expense  of  the  proposed 
“  alterations  as  might  be  in  the  absence  of  working  plans 
“  and  details  ;  and  in  addition  to  the  Building  Estimate 
“  there  would  he  the  Furniture,  and  Clothing  outfit, 
“  Warming,  Ventilation,  Gas  Fittings,  and  those  ‘  et 
“  cetera’  that  are  unavoidable  under  the  most  anxious 
“  supervision.  The  entire  cost  it  is  confidently  expected 
“  would  not  exceed  £10,000,  which  would  be  less  by  at 
“  least  60  per  cent,  than  the  average  cost  per  head  of 
“  providing  accommodation  for  pauper  Lunatics  in  the 
“  original  building  of  County  Asylums  throughout  the 
“  kingdom.” 


Upon  the  foregoing  statement  of  facts,  the  several 
Courts  of  Quarter  Sessions  were  requested  to  sanction 
the  necessary  expenditure  for  enlarging  the  Asylum  as 
proposed  ;  and  their  sanction  being  given  accordingly, 
the  Committee  of  Visitors  proceeded  with  the  plans  and 
estimates,  which  having  been  approved  by  the  Secretary 
of  State,  the  work  will  be  commenced  early  in  the  en¬ 
suing  Spring,  the  Committee  fully  expecting  that  the 
original  estimate  will  not  be  exceeded. 

The  average  weekly  Maintenance  Rate  during  the 
year  has  been  9s.  lid.,  being  a  diminution  of  sevenpence 
upon  the  average  of  the  previous  year,  although  it  will 


tm* 

& 

be  seen  by  the  Table  of  contract  prices  of  provisions 
subjoined,  that  the  cost  has  materially  increased  on  all 
the  principal  articles  of  consumption. 


(Signed  on  behalf  of  the  Committee), 

ROBT-  SHEFFIELD, 

Chaikman. 


January ,  1857. 


6 


Average  Contract-prices  of  Provisions. 


ARTICLES. 

1852. 

1853. 

1854. 

1855. 

1856. 

s. 

d. 

s. 

d. 

s. 

d. 

s. 

d. 

s. 

d. 

Bread,  per  4lb.  loaf... 

0 

A± 

*4 

0 

0 

7 

0 

n 

0 

73 

‘4 

Flour,  per  stone  . 

1 

7 

1 

HI 

2 

73 

2 

8f 

2 

9 

Beef,  ,,  . 

5 

3 

5 

93 

J4 

6 

6| 

7 

o* 

7 

3 

Mutton,  „  . 

5 

3 

6 

7 

6 

Mi-* 

00 

7 

0* 

7 

3 

Milk,  per  gallon  . 

0 

8 

0 

8 

0 

9 

0 

9— 

y4 

1 

0 

Malt,  per  qr . . . 

66 

0 

76 

0 

72 

0 

73 

2 

Hops,  per  lb . 

1 

1 

10 

2 

G 

1 

0 

Butter,  salt,  cwt . 

86 

0 

93 

6 

98 

0 

95 

0 

101 

0 

Tea,  per  lb . 

3 

6 

3 

0 1 

z4 

2 

10* 

3 

1* 

2 

H 

Treacle,  per  cwt . 

16 

6 

19 

3 

20 

6 

20 

0 

26 

0 

Soap,  „  . 

41 

0 

41 

9 

41 

0 

35 

0 

31 

0 

Sugar,  „  . 

36 

0 

37 

3 

36 

3 

35 

9 

46 

0 

Coals,  Hard,  per  ton.. 

10 

6 

12 

0 

15 

0 

(!4 

(12 

0 

6 

10 

,,  Gas,  ,, 

12 

4 

13 

10* 

16 

H 

16 

1* 

14 

9 

GEORGE  KIRKUP, 


Steward. 


7 


Abstract  of  Expenditure  on  the  Fabric-account,  from 
1st  January,  1856,  to  1st  January,  1857. 

Timber  and  Materials  :  £  s.  d. 

Huddleston,  for  Timber .  84  14  6 

Marshall,  Lead  for  Tanks .  27  4  10 

Tylor,  Taps  for  ditto  .  5  19  6 

Robey,  Piping  for  ditto  .  8  16  3 

Russell,  Tubing  for  ditto  .  4  0  7 

Charles  Ward,  for  Bricks  .  4  12  11 

C.  K.  Tomlinson,  for  Paint  ...  33  18  4 

Furniture  ......  Simpson  &  Co.,  for  Ironmongery  33  6  1 

Collins  &  Co.,  for  Locks .  21  1  6 

Barnard  &  Co.,  for  Furniture...  25  0  0 

Bedding,  etc.  ...  Eoope  &  Co.,  for  Blankets .  155  1  9 

Ditto,  for  Sheeting .  33  0  8 

Harris  &  Co.,  for  Bedding .  137  10  0 

Lawes  &  Co.,  for  Mattresses  ...  99  13  0 

Lincoln  Waterworks  Company  : 

One  Year’s  Water  Rate .  100  0  0 

B  al  ance  of  Account  for  M  ains ...  1716  8 

Cemetery  .  Fras-  Binns,  balance  of  Contract  12  0  0 

Trees  &  Shrubs  :  C.  Pennell,  Lincoln  .  19  12  6 

Printing,  etc.  ...  Messrs.  Brooke,  Lincoln  .  11  12  9 

Engineer  .  One  Year’s  Wages  .  52  0  0 

Fire  Insurance  and  Property  Tax  .  27  11  9 

Carpenters,  Masons,  etc.  : 

Their  Weekly  Wages .  290  19  1 

The  Labour  of  Patients  employed  on  Fabric...  35  0  0 

Derby  Asylum.  . .  The  excess  of  the  Derby  over  the 
Lincolnshire  Weekly  Maintenance 
Rate,  for  Patients  sent  there — pend¬ 
ing  enlargements  of  the  Asylum  ...  102  13  6 

Removal  of  Patients  from  Derby  Asylum.., .  19  3  9£ 

Miscellaneous  Payments  by  Steward,  chiefly  for 

Fabric-materials .  41  15  7£ 

<£1404  5  7 

M.  P.  MOORE, 

Clerk  to  the  Visitors. 


8 


Abstract  of  Treasurer  s  Account. 


1855. 
Dec.  31st 

Balance  in  Treasurer’s 

£ 

s. 

d, 

hands . 

Balance  in  Steward’s 

24 

17 

7 

1856. 

hands . 

46 

19 

8 

February . 

By  Bate  . 

1000 

0 

0 

October. 

By  Rate  . 

Cash  repaid  from  Main- 

1000 

0 

0 

tenance  Account  ... 

7 

5 

8 

-  2079  2  11 

1857. 

Jan.  1st  Balance  in  Treasurer’s 

hands .  613  7  7 

Balance  in  Steward’s 

hands .  61  9  9 

Expenditure  in  1856, 

as  per  Abstract .  1404  5  7 


2079  2  11 


LINCOLNSHIRE 

COUNTY  ASYLUM. 


FOURTH  ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 

MEDICAL  SUPERINTENDENT. 


j  The  Superintendent  has  the  honour  to  submit  to  the 
t  Committee  of  Visitors  his  Report  of  the  condition  and 
[  management  of  the  Asylum  for  the  year  1856,  append- 
rj  ing,  as  in  previous  Reports,  statistical  Tables  relating 
:  to  the  patients  who  have  been  under  care  and  treatment 
t  during  that  period. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  year  there  were  255  Tables  ii.&iii. 
;  patients  in  the  Asylum — 127  men  and  128  women,  and 
f  during  the  year  35  men  and  33  women  were  admitted,  Admissions. 

making  the  whole  number  under  treatment  323,  viz.: — 
i  162  men  and  161  women. 


B 


10 


Discharges, 
Deaths,  and 
remaining 
numbers. 


Average  resi¬ 
dent  numbers. 


Average 
Recoveries 
and  Deaths 
deduced  from 
Table  II. 


Continued 
fullness  of  the 
Asylum. 


Number  of 
Incurables. 


Eleven  men  and  eight  women  were  discharged  re¬ 
covered,  three  men  and  one  woman  were  sent  out  relieved 
at  the  request  and  to  the  care  of  their  friends,  and 
twelve  men  and  ten  women  died.  There  were,  conse¬ 
quently,  remaining  in  the  Asylum  on  the  1st  of  January, 
1857,  278  patients,  consisting  of  136  men  and  142 
women. 

The  mean  daily  resident  number  of  patients  of  both 
sexes  was  274.67;  that  of  men  being  131.18,  and  of 
women  143.49. 

The  mortality  was  8  per  cent,  of  the  mean  resident 
number,  or  6.8  per  cent,  of  the  whole  number  under 
treatment;  and  the  recoveries  were  in  the  ratio  of  28 
per  cent,  to  the  admissions. 

During  the  greater  part  of  the  year  the  Asylum 
continued  full,  notwithstanding  the  additional  number 
of  beds  introduced  by  partitioning  off  temporary  dormi¬ 
tories  from  two  of  the  Galleries,  and  the  conversion  of 
two  day-rooms  into  sleeping-rooms.  The  reception  of 
the  chronic  cases,  indeed,  which  were  remaining  in  the 
Derby  Asylum  as  the  residuum  of  the  treatment  of  the 
Lincolnshire  patients  sent  to  that  Institution  under 
contract,  was  alone  nearly  sufficient  to  fill  all  the  new 
available  space  with  incurable  cases,  to  the  subsequent 
exclusion  of  many  of  a  recent  character. 

After  carefully  inspecting  the  patients  in  the  Asylum 
at  the  close  of  the  year,  it  was  found  that  the  number  of 
incurable  men  amounted  to  122,  and  of  incurable  women 
to  133,  leaving  only  14  men  and  9  women  of  whose 
recovery  there  was  any  reasonable  hope. 

These  unfavourable  conditions  had  a  marked  in¬ 
fluence  on  the  proportion  of  cures,  which  fell  from  40.6 


11 


to  28  per  cent,  as  compared  with  the  previous  year;  but 
it  is  satisfactory  to  observe  that  the  mortality  also  fell 
to  a  lower  average  than  had  hitherto  been  obtained 
since  the  opening  of  the  Asylum. 

Seven  patients  were  re-admitted  during  the  year,  of 
whom  only  one  had  been  out  less  than  twelve  months ; 
the  remainder  had  been  absent  respectively  529,  549, 
647,  683,  965  and  1181  days.  The  whole  of  these 
patients  have  had  repeated  previous  attacks,  and  for 
years  past  been  occasionally  under  treatment  in  various 
Asylums.  Two  of  them  were  again  sent  out,  and  are 
going  on  well ;  the  others  also  will  probably  recover, 
but  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  their  frequently  re¬ 
curring  attacks  will  ultimately  place  them  among  the 
permanent  cases. 

The  sanitary  condition  of  the  patients  throughout 
the  year  was  excellent.  A  few  cases  of  bronchial  Catarrh 
in  the  Spring  and  of  Diarrhoea  (to  which  the  insane  are 
specially  prone)  in  the  Autumn,  constituted  all  the 
sickness  resulting  from  local  and  climatic  influences. 

The  deaths,  which,  as  before  observed,  were  fewer 
in  number  than  in  previous  years,  were  all  referable  to 
chronic  forms  of  bodily  disease,  with  which  the  insanity 
was,  apparently,  intimately  connected.  Four  died  of 
Disease  of  the  Heart  (somewhat  unusually  associated  in 
one  case  with  Melancholia — the  mental  disorder  accom¬ 
panying  this  lesion  being  usually  of  a  maniacal  character), 
three  of  Pulmonary  Consumption,  one  of  Diseased  Liver 
with  a  mental  condition  and  general  aspect  which  might 
have  served  as  a  model  of  Melancholia,  twelve  of 
Diseased  Brain  including  Paralysis,  and  one  of  an  ob¬ 
scure  disease  of  the  Stomach,  characterized  by  the 


Readmissions. 


Sanitary 

condition. 


Deaths. 
Table  XVI. 


12 


Inquest. 


Suicidal  cases. 
Table  IX. 


growth  of  a  confervoid  Alga  in  that  viscus  known  as 
Sarcina  Yentriculi. 

One  sudden  death  occurred  in  the  case  of  a  male 
patient  suffering  from  general  Paralysis  in  an  advanced 
stage,  accompanied  with  occasional  but  very  severe 
paroxysms  of  convulsions.  Although  there  was  no  reason 
to  suppose  that  death  had  taken  place  from  other  than 
natural  causes,  yet  its  very  suddenness  seemed  to  render 
it  a  proper  case  for  investigation  by  a  jury,  and  an  in¬ 
quest  was  consequently  requested.  It  was  clear  from 
the  evidence  adduced  before  the  Coroner  that  the 
deceased  had  been  seized  with  a  convulsive  fit  shortly 
after  going  to  bed,  and  that  Asphyxia  and  death  re¬ 
sulted  from  it.  A  verdict  was  returned  accordingly. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  amongst  the  admissions 
no  fewer  than  27  patients,  or  39.7  per  cent,  of  the  whole 
number  received,  had  either  meditated  or  attempted 
suicide ;  and,  as  this  is  known  to  be  very  common 
amongst  opium-smoking  people,  the  enquiry  suggests 
ibuse  of  Opium  itself  in  how  far  the  abuse  of  this  drug,  so  prevalent  in 

and  Insanity.  .  . 

many  parts  of  the  County,  is  concerned  in  both  inducing 
insanity  and  adding  this  frightful  feature  to  it.  The 
habitual  use  of  opium  in  this  as  in  other  fen  counties 
is  traceable  to  its  employment  as  a  prophylactic  against 
ague,  which  is  known  to  have  been  endemic  in  the  fens 
before  a  complete  system  of  drainage  and  tillage  had 
swept  the  miasmata  from  their  surface.  At  that  period, 
those  who  lived  and  worked  amidst  the  quagmires, 
witholding  their  assent  to  the  then  common  adage  “an 
ague  in  spring  is  physic  for  a  King1’  and  more  reasonably 
concluding  that  there  could  be  nothing  salutary  in  a 
bodily  affection  which  reduced  their  strength  and  ex- 


13 


hausted  their  spirits,  hailed,  no  doubt,  as  a  great  blessing, 
;  the  introduction  of  a  drug  which  by  its  stimulating  pro- 
;  perties  was  found  to  rouse  the  system  against  the 
pestilential  miasms,  and  by  its  restorative  properties  to 
fit  them  for  prolonged  exertion  on  scant  diet,  ltichly 
|  cultivated  farms  intersected  by  a  network  of  dikes  now 
:  occupy  the  sites  of  the  stagnant  lakes  and  fermenting 
marshes 

County ;  but  a  worse  form  of  disease — Opium  Cachexy 
— has  apparently  taken  its  place :  a  disease,  worse 
:  because  of  its  deep  degenerating  influences  on  mind  and 
:  body  (affecting  not  only  individuals  but  their  posterity), 
and  worse,  because  of  the  great  difficulty  in  removing 
its  cause,  viz. : — that  of  breaking  through  the  habit  of 
;  using  this  poison.  The  child  is  too  commonly  drugged 
'  with  it  in  the  cradle,  during  the  early  formative  process 
:  of  the  brain  that  is  to  guide  and  direct  it  through  life ; 
i  the  youth  trifles  with  it  as  a  pleasurable  excitant ;  the 
i  adult  feasts  on  the  poison,  and  becomes  the  living  tomb 
:  of  his  own  intellect  and  moral  feeling,  leaving  a  degene- 
1  rate  and  half-imbecile  offspring  to  add  to  the  criminal 
i  and  insane  population  of  the  county.  The  evil  is  plain, 
even  at  a  glance,  but  the  reformation  of  an  opium-eater 
is  still  more  difficult  than  that  of  a  drunkard,  inasmuch 
as  the  opium-vice  is  of  a  more  holding  and  more  secret 
character  than  alkoholism.  The  drunkard  finds  his 
temple  in  the  pothouse,  his  devotions  therein  are  public, 
and  some  amount  of  restraint  is  over  him — his  temple, 
even,  is  not  always  open  to  receive  him ;  but  with  the 
other,  his  pouch  contains,  ever  at  hand,  all  that  is 
necessary  to  brutalize  him,  and  he  can  indulge  in  it  “ad 
effectum”  without  the  observation  of  those  who  might 


,  and  Ague  as  an  endemic  is  banished  from  the 


14 


General 
condition  and 
management. 


possibly  exercise  a  wholesome  check  on  him.  The  pulpit, 
the  lecture-room,  prize-essays  widely  distributed,  even 
house-to-house  visitation  in  districts  where  the  vice  is 
known  to  prevail  would  simply  be  the  first  agents  to  be 
employed  in  closing  this  Fool’s  Paradise;  for  some 
notions  of  present  mischief  and  future  decay  must  be 
impressed  on  the  minds  of  these  people  before  any  direct 
attempt  to  curtail  the  use  of  opium  would  be  effective. 
A  more  acceptable  field  for  exertion  could  scarcely  be 
presented  to  the  philanthropist,  certainly  none  which 
could  yield  more  grateful  fruit  than  that  of  saving  a 
present  generation  from  premature  mental  decay,  and  a 
future  from  constitutional  taint  and  misery.  The  whole 
subject  is  replete  with  social  interest;  but  it  is  only  in 
its  special  bearings  on  the  amount  of  insanity  now  exist¬ 
ing  in  the  County  that  it  would  be  proper  to  entertain 
it  here ;  and  enough  has  been  said,  it  is  hoped,  to  call 
some  attention  to  the  evil,  and  to  indicate  the  nature  of 
the  first  labours  required  to  remedy  it.  In  reference  to 
the  influence  of  opium-indulgence  in  determining  a 
suicidal  form  of  insanity,  although  it  is  true  that  the 
stage  of  excitement  (the  primary  effect  of  opium  on  the 
vascular  and  nervous  systems)  is  directly  adverse  to  this 
frame  of  mind,  and  glosses  existence  with  unreal  charms, 
yet  the  subsequent  stage  brings  with  it  every  grade  of 
depression,  from  simple  gloom  and  distaste  of  life  to  the 
most  poignant  mental  horror.  It  is  in  this  secondary 
stage  that  the  suicidal  phase  is  developed;  and  having 
been  once  present  it  has  a « tendency  to  return,  and  is 
often  handed  down  through  many  generations. 

In  the  general  management  of  the  Asylum  a  steady 
persistence  in  the  principles  which  have  already  been 


15 


fully  stated  in  previous  Reports,  and  the  keeping  in  view 
the  maxim  that  “all  good  is  progressive,”  again  afforded 
satisfactory  results  in  the  uninterruptedly  good  order 
and  working  of  the  Institution.  The  permission  of  the 
Visitors  to  place  some  colored  and  framed  prints  on  the 
walls  of  the  wards,  and  the  introduction  of  small  tables 
and  additional  seats  in  the  galleries,  have  taken  away 
the  unfurnished  appearance  observable  in  them,  and 
added  greatly  to  the  domestic  comfort  of  the  patients. 
Such  additions,  it  is  hoped,  will  be  permitted  from  time 
to  time,  until  none  but  agreeable  and  cheerful  associa¬ 
tions  will  be  found  in  every  part  of  the  Institution. 
Their  effect  in  the  treatment  of  the  insane  is  beyond 
doubt  very  beneficial,  as  contributing  in  no  small  de¬ 
gree  to  moral  influence. 

The  industry  of  the  patients  continued  unabated. 
The  men,  the  great  majority  of  whom  were  derived 
from  the  agricultural  class,  were  well  directed  in  their 
work  by  the  gardener  and  farm-bailiff ;  and  had  not 
the  potatoe-crop  signally  failed,  the  profits  from  the  farm 
would  have  been  larger  than  in  any  preceding  year.  As 
it  was,  however,  it  will  be  perceived  from  the  Steward’s 

[  accounts,  that  a  considerable  sum  was  carried  to  the 

H  credit  of  the  maintenance-account  from  this  source. 

I 

Notwithstanding  the  disadvantageous  prices  of  nearly 
every  article  of  provision  and  clothing,  the  mainten¬ 
ance-rate  for  the  year  fell  below  ten  shillings.  The 
increased  numbers  which  will  result  from  the  reception 
of  all  the  outstanding  cases  into  the  new  building  will 
effect  a  further  reduction ;  and  it  will  then  be  a  matter 
worthy  of  the  consideration  of  the  Visitors,  whether  or 
not  an  additional  quantity  of  land  should  be  obtained 


Occupation  of 
Patients,  Men. 
Table  XIII. 


16 


Women. 
Table  XIV. 


Officers  and 
Servants. 


for  the  purpose  of  providing  ample  means  of  occupation 
for  the  increased  number  of  male  patients,  and  at  the 
same  time,  of  still  further  reducing  the  weekly  rate. 
There  can  be  no  question  that,  after  the  establishment 
of  a  proper  system  of  domestic  economy  and  of  an 
organized  method  of  labor,  the  only  way  to  lessen  the 
average  charges  is  to  increase  the  labour-profits,  so  as 
to  bring  in  annually  a  round  reducing  sum  as  an  offset 
to  necessary  expences.  But  patients’  labor  should 
always  be  kept  subservient  to  the  real  objects  of  an 
Asylum,  and  be  apportioned  both  in  degree  and  duration 
to  the  mental  and  physical  requirements  of  each  case. 
Without  attention  to  these  considerations,  an  increase 
of  land  becomes  an  increased  calamity  to  the  unfortun¬ 
ate  patients,  and  their  place  of  abode  little  more  than 
a  mortuary,  whereon  even  the  hopeful  inscription — 
requiescant  in  pace — can  scarcely  be  written  with  con¬ 
fidence.  The  industry  of  the  female  patients,  although 
not  shown  in  the  money-columns,  was  not  less  important 
than  that  of  the  men.  They  made  and  repaired  all  their 
own  clothing  and  all  the  patients’  stockings  and  linen, 
did  the  entire  washing  of  the  Institution  under  the 
direction  of  two  paid  servants,  afforded  stable  help  in 
the  kitchen  and  domestic  offices,  and  contributed  to  the 
comfort  of  the  wards  by  knitting  several  pairs  of 
curtains.  It  may  be  remarked  that  none  of  the  labor 
in  the  Asylum  is  coercive,  but  small  rewards  are  given 
to  the  industrious,  which  are  witheld  from  those,  who, 
being  capable,  are  obstinate  in  idleness. 

It  is  again  an  agreeable  duty  to  state  that  the 
officers,  attendants,  and  indeed  all  engaged  in  the  service 
of  the  Asylum  have  shown  a  singleness  of  desire  to  pro- 


17 


mote  the  welfare  of  the  patients,  and,  with  minor 
exceptions,  an  unfailing  attention  to  their  duties. 

The  continued  confidence  and  support  with  which 
the  Superintendent  has  been  favoured  by  the  Visitors 
have  been  constantly  before  him  as  a  gratifying  en¬ 
couragement  amidst  the  many  responsibilities  of  the 
office  they  have  entrusted  to  him,  for  all  of  which  he  begs 
to  tender  to  them  his  best  acknowledgements. 


EDW.  PALMER,  M.D., 


Conclusion, 


Med.  Supt, 


19 


TABLE  I. 

Admissions,  Discharges ,  and  Deaths,  from  the  Opening  of  the  Asylum  to 

December  3ls£,  1856, 


M. 

F. 

Total. 

Admitted  from  Aug.  9,  1852, 

to  Dec.  31, 

1856. 

251 

243 

494 

Re-admitted  . . 

17 

6 

23 

Total  under  treatment . 

Discharged — 

M. 

F. 

Total. 

268 

249 

517 

Recovered . 

59 

50 

109 

Not  Recovered . 

13 

7 

20 

Died  . . 

Total  Discharged  and  Died  . 

60 

50 

110 

132 

107 

239 

Remaining  in  the  Asylum,  Dec.  31, 

1856 

136 

142 

278 

TABLE  II. 

Admissions,  Re-admissions ,  Discharges,  and  Deaths ,  during 

the  year  1856. 


Remaining  in  the  Asylum,  January  1,  1856  ... 

Admitted  during  the  year . . . 

Re-admitted  during  the  year  . 


Total  under  treatment  during  the  year 


Discharged — 

M. 

F. 

Total. 

Recovered . 

..  11 

8 

19 

Not  Recovered...., 

3 

1 

4 

Died . 

..  12 

10 

22 

Total  Discharged  and  Died 


M. 

F. 

Total. 

127 

128 

255 

35 

32 

67 

0 

1 

1 

162 

161 

323 

26  19  45 


Remaining  in  the  Asylum,  Dec.  31,  1856 


136  142  278 


Average  Daily  Resident  Numbers 


131.18  143.49  274.67 


*  From  legal  transfers  of  Settlement  made  since  the  admission  of  the  Patients,  the  numbers  remaining  in  the  Asylum  chargeable  to  the  Gains¬ 
borough  Union  were  7  males  and  4  females ;  to  the  Horne  astle  Union,  6  males  and  3  females ;  to  the  Lincoln  Union,  20  males  and  19  females;  to  the 
Louth  Union,  8  males  and  14  females  ;  and  to  the  Sleaford  Union,  9  males  and  10  females. 


Total . 

Boston  . 

Bourn  . 

Brigg . 

Caistor  . 

Gainsborough  . . . 

Grantham  . 

Holbeach . 

Horncastle  . 

Lincoln  . 

Louth . 

Newark  . 

Peterborough  .... 

Sleaford  . 

Spalding  . 

Spilsby  . 

Stamford . 

Thorne  . 

County  of  Lincoln 

UNIONS. 

127 

I 

w-*  h-  tO  • — 1  — • 

l0W»--000iOt0W03O0i05G0«dQOWO 

N 

Remaining 

in  the  Asylum 

Dec.  31st,  1855. 

GO 

HH-WOOOO^S^WWGOWGlS^b: 

1 

i 

255 

10^1-  M  M  1 — '  1—  i — •  ' — ■  to  to 

35 

oofcoooH-^-fcOH-toco^-fcObototo-^ro^ 

Admitted 

during  the 

year  1856. 

33 

oohw^ooo^oiwo^ohwhw 

© 

00 

oowoiaiMtoMOi-wtoajtcwo^M 

i 

T. 

162 

*— *  to  •—  to 

towwoaii-^wowaiQoo^GOMWO 

b* 

Total 

under 

Treatment. 

© 

►—  *—>  M  tO  MM 

^3 

323 

to  to  to  tO^i-itOtOMMW  oo 

W^Moooo^<rooo<-wtotoouooooi 

|-3 

Z 

oootoo*-o©>—  >—  ©  ©  ©  •— ■ ■  >—  to 

N 

Recovered. 

Discharged. 

oo 

©©OtOtOOO©  ©OtOOOO^MO© 

© 

©oo^tot—  ©©*—  ^OO^OOh-  to  ►—  to 

00 

N 

Not  Recovered. 

- 

•  •••••  H— 1  •  >— 1  •  •  •  *  •  |__<  t__l  •  • 

K-i 

to 

Ot— ‘©h-*©i— '0©h-<*—  Oh— 'tOn-ih—  O'— • 

M. 

Died. 

t— * 

o 

©O’—  OO  ooo  —  .fc.ootGO'— o  —  o 

N  1 

to 

to 

OHH-OHh-OHtllHOWtOtOHHH 

26 

O-OOJOtOtOOHtDtOHHtcltOMHM 

N 

Total 

Discharged 

and  Died. 

© 

OOHt0k3OOOt3it.t«Ot0Ot5>-HO 

45 

O-fOitSbStJOMOl^i-WtCiit.iMCM 

136 

d  tO  ►— • 

tSkJMWO)lOlCWOH(.^(BMO)i|itO-J 

M. 

j 

Remaining 

in  the  Asylum 

Dec.  31st,  1856. 

142 

[  * 

— 

I 

278  | 

ito^t—  to  4^  to  —  t—  h-  to  oo 

oCW07CC(X>OCtO*dOOtOMOO©H-OOC^to 
*  *  *  *  * 

TABLE  III. 

Number  of  Patients  admitted  and  discharged  during  the  year,  distinguishing  between  those  brought  from  different  Unions. 


21 


TABLE  IV. 

Under  whose  Authority  the  Patients  were  Admitted . 


Under  Orders  of — 

M.  F.  Total 

Two  Visiting  Justices  (removed  from  the  Derby  Asylum).  5  25  30 

Two  Justices  of  the  Peace  . . 2  0  2 

Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Relieving  Officer  .  21  7  28 

Officiating  Clergyman  and  Relieving  Officer  or  Overseer  7  18 


Total  35  33  68 


TABLE  V. 

Degree  of  Education  in  the  Patients  admitted. 

M.  F.  Total. 

Read  and  Write .  14  10  24 

Read  . 10  8  18 

Fair  Education  . 5  6  11 

Neither  Read  nor  Write .  6  9  15 


Total  35  33  68 


TABLE  VI. 

Religious  Profession  of  the  Patients  Admitted. 

M.  F.  Total. 

Church  of  England  .  18  24  42 

Wesleyan  Methodist  .  8  6  14 

Primitive  Methodist  .  5  0  5 

Baptist  .  112 

Roman  Catholic .  0  1  1 

Unknown  .  2  1  3 

None  (Idiot)  . 1  0  1 


Total  35  33  68 


22 


TABLE  VII. 

Civil  Condition  of  the  Patients  admitted. 


Unmarried 
Married  . . 
Widowed . . 


Total 


M. 

F. 

Total. 

10 

10 

20 

19 

17 

36 

6 

6 

12 

35 

33 

68 

TABLE  VIII. 

Forms  of  Mental  Disorder  of  the  Patients  on  admission. 


Melancholia  . 

Mania — 

Recent  and  Acute  . 

Chronic  . 

Remittent  and  Intermittent 
Dementia — 

Imbecility  (acquired)  . 

Amentia — 

Idiocy 


M.  F.  Total 
6  3  9 

12  6  18 

12  16  28 

1  0  1 

3  8  11 

1  0  1 


Total  35  33  68 


TABLE  IX. 


Shewing  some  of  the  more  serious  Complications  of  the  Mental 
Disorder  in  the  Patients  on  admission. 


Suicidal  Tendency  manifested  in 

Epilepsy . 

Paralysis . 

General  Paralysis  . 


M.  F.  Total. 
12  15  27 

4  3  7 

2  3  5 

2  0  2 


23 


TABLE  X. 

Ages  at  the  First  Attack  and  upon  Admission. 


AGE 


Age  at  Age  on  Admission 

First  Attack  and  Re-admission. 


M. 

F. 

Total. 

M. 

F. 

Total, 

Under  5  years 

1 

0 

1 

From 

10  to  20 

years . 

1 

3 

4 

2 

2 

4 

11 

20  „ 

30 

11 

8 

15 

6 

4 

10 

11 

30  „ 

40 

j»  . . 

10 

6 

16 

8 

6 

14 

11 

40  „ 

50 

))  * . 

6 

8 

14 

7 

8 

15 

11 

50  „ 

60 

11  4 - . 

2 

3 

5 

6 

5 

11 

11 

60  „ 

70 

11  ••••••»••• 

0 

1 

1 

2 

4 

6 

11 

70  „ 

80 

11  •••••*•••• 

3 

6 

3 

4 

7 

11 

80  „ 

90 

55  . . 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

Unknown  . 

3 

2 

5 

Total  35  33  68  35  33  68 


TABLE  XI. 

Duration  of  Mental  Disorder  on  Admission. 


jl 


First  Class. — Cases  of  the  first  attack,  of  not  more 

than  three  months’  duration  . 

Second  Class.' — Cases  of  the  first  attack,  of  more 
than  three  but  not  more  than 

twelve  months’  duration . 

Third  Class. — Cases  not  of  the  first  attack,  and  of 
not  more  than  twelve  months’ 

duration  . 

Fourth  Class. — Cases,  whether  of  the  first  attack 
or  not,  of  more  than  twelve  months’ 
duration  . 


M.  F.  Total 

7  6  13 

8  6  14 

6  2  8 

14  19  33 


35  33  68 


% 

24 

TABLE  XII. 

Occupation  and  Station  of  the  Patients. 


MALES. 

No. 


Baker  .  1 

Besom-maker .  1 

Bricklayer .  1 

Butcher .  1 

Carpenter  .  1 

Coal-merchant  .  1 

Cooper  .  1 

Fisherman  . .  1 

Grooms .  2 

Laborers  .  14 

Malster  .  1 

Merchant  .  1 

Miller  .  1 

Schoolmasters  .  2 

Shoemakers  . 2 

Tailors  .  3 

Waterman  .  1 


FEMALES. 

No. 


Charwomen  .  3 

Dressmaker  .  1 

Housekeepers .  2 

Servants .  6 

Staymaker  .  1 

Strawbonnet-maker  .  1 

Strawplatter .  1 

Wives ,  Widows ,  and  Daughters  of 

Butcher .  1 

Engineer  .  1 

Cottager  .  1 

Farmers .  3; 

Laborers .  7 1 

Pensioner  .  1  I 

Weaver .  1 

Unknown  .  3 


35 


33 


25 


r 

TABLE  XIII. 

Average  Number  of  Male  Patients  employed. 


On  the  Farm  . . .  36 

In  the  Kitchen  . 2 

,,  Dispensary  . 1 

„  Shoemaker’s  Shop  . 1 

„  Tailor’s  Shop  . I 

„  Painter’s  Shop . 2 

„  Engineer’s  Department  . 1 

„  Steward’s  „  6 

Assisting  Houseporter . . .  1 

Helping  in  the  Wards  . . . .  28 

Total  average  number  employed  . .  79 

Average  sick  and  otherwise  incapable  . . .  52 

Average  daily  resident  number . . .  131 


Farm  labour 

Average  number  of  Patients  employed  daily .  36.34 

Average  number  of  hours  per  week,  per  Patient  employed 

in  farm-labour . . .  26.5 

Total  time  of  labour — 48,668  hours — calculated  at  10  clear  Wks. 

hours  per  day . . .  835 

Number  of  men  required  to  do  the  same  amount  of  work  in 
the  same  number  of  days,  working  the  average 
labourer’s  time  of  10  hours  a  day .  16.1 

Ratio  of  Patients  to  ordinary  labourers .  as  1  to  2.25 

D 


26 


TABLE  XIY. 

Number  of  Female  Patients  daily  employed. 

Laundry  .  38 

Kitchen  .  6 

Residences  .  2 

Needlework  and  helping  in  the  wards  .  44 

Knitting .  12 

Total  employed  .  102 

Sick  and  otherwise  incapable  .  41 

143 


Needlework  done  by  the  Female  Patients ,  1854-1855. 

Aprons  .  336 

Bedcases  . 11 

Chair-covers  .  4 

Dusters .  133 

Flannel  vests .  101 

„  petticoats  . 61 

Gowns . 207 

Handkerchiefs  .  935 

Knee-pads  .  123 

Night-caps  .  385 

Night-gowns .  80 

Pillow-cases  . . .  299 

Pinafores  .  30 

Quilted  blankets  .  2 

Sheets  .  327 

Shifts . 61 

Shirts .  271 

Shrouds  .  20 

Stockings  made  .  268  pairs. 

Do.  re-footed  .  96  pairs. 

Tablecloths  .  92 

Towels  .  112 

Window-blinds . 32 

Women’s  day-caps  .  62 


Total  new  work .  4048  pieces. 


Sundry  repairs 


21,469  pieces. 


TABLE  OF  RECOVERIES. 


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29 


ACCOUNT  OF  RECEIPTS  AND  PAYMENTS, 
From  the  31s/:  December,  1855,  to  31.s/  December ,  1856. 


RECEIPTS. 


From  sale  of  pigs  .... 
„  potatoes 
„  corn .... 

From  sale  of  bones  . 
„  yeast  . 


From  maintenance  account. 

1.  Contributing  Unions  and  Parishes— 

Boston  . . 

Bourn  . . . . 

Brigg . 

Caistor  . 

Gainsboro’ . . 

Grantham  . . 

Holbeach  . 

Horncastle  . . 

Lincoln . 

Louth . 

Newark . 

Peterboro’ . 

Sleaford . 

Spalding  . - 

Spilsby  . 

Stamford  . 

Thorne  . . . 


£  s.  d. 
118  0  0 
46  3  5 

187  12  0 


5  0  0 

14  7  7 


826 

0 

5 

176 

14 

9 

704 

1 

1 

294 

9 

11 

231 

10 

3 

448 

12 

4 

486 

15 

3 

247 

3 

2 

1010 

8 

1 

601 

15 

6 

179 

13 

0 

37 

12 

7 

510 

1 

6 

455 

2 

11 

625 

*7 

4 

9 

123 

0 

2 

84 

10 

0 

2.  County — for  vagrant  paupers 


£  s.  d. 


351  15  5 


19  7  7 


7042  18  8 

77  14  0 


£7491  15  8 


30 


EXPENDITURE. 


1. — SALARIES  AND  WAGES. 

£  s.  d.  £  s.  d. 

Officers’  Salaries  .  710  0  0 

Attendants’  and  Servants’  Wages  .  645  12  11 

-  1355  12  11 

2. — PROVISIONS. 


Stock  in  hand  from  last  year .  67  17  4| 

Arrowroot,  248  lbs . ; .  15  10  0 

Bacon,  4  cwt.  1  qr.  13|  lbs .  16  8  71- 

Barley,  2  cwt.  3  qr.  4  lb .  3  1  4 

Butter,  salt,  34  cwt.  2  qr.  12^-  lbs .  177  18  5^ 

Butter,  fresh,  224  lbs .  13  14  6 

Bread,  26,8 14  loaves  .  851  16  2 

Cheese,  36  cwt.  0  qr.  18|-  lbs .  113  11  11 

Coffee,  508  lbs.  . .  29  12  8 

Chicory,  92  lbs .  3  1  4 

Cocoa,  18  cwt.  2  qr.  23|-  lbs .  48  0  3 

Dried  fruits  and  spices  .  9  7  1 

Eggs,  285  doz .  10  13  9 

Flour,  1125  st .  153  8  0 

Meat,  3674  st.  1|  lbs .  1333  13  5 

Malt,  83  qrs .  304  6  4 

Hops,  7  cwt.  1  qr.  21^-  lbs .  41  13  6 

Brewer .  36  0  0 

Porter,  810  gall .  66  14  0 

Oatmeal,  88st.  12lbs .  12  1  3 

Peas,  50  st.  9  lbs .  7  1  11 

Milk,  4435  gall .  221  15  0 

Poultry  and  fish .  0  11  7% 

Rice,  9  cwt .  8  17  0 

Sugar,  soft,  32  cwt.  0  qr.  16  lbs .  74  12  2 

Sugar,  loaf,  138  lbs . 3  17  1 


Carried  forward...  3625  4  9^  1355  12  11 


31 


£  s.  d.  £  s.  d. 
Brought  forward...  1355  12  11 

provisions — continued.  3625  4  91- 

Salt,  mustard,  pepper,  and  vinegar  .  18  17  10 

Treacle,  41  cwt.  1  qr.  19  lbs .  53  6  2 

Tea,  1097£  lbs .  164  5  3 

Miscellaneous .  5  12  2 

Superintendent’s  allowance  in  lieu  of  board  .. .  150  0  0 

4017  6  23- 

Deduct  stock  in  hand .  .  71  19  3 

- 3945  6  11 


3. — NECESSARIES. 


Stock  in  hand  from  last  year .  277  11  0 

Candles,  277  lbs . 8  8  0 

Coals,  hard,  899  tons,  1  cwt .  562  7  9 

„  gas,  100  tons,  0  cwt.  3  qr .  77  10  7 

Oil,  20  galls .  5  11  0 

Soap,  49  cwt .  79  11  10 

Soda,  18  cwt.  2  qr.  16  lbs .  6  1  2 

Starch  and  blue,  151  lbs .  5  13  2 

Wood,  3  loads  .  13  9  0 

Scouring  flannel,  18  pieces  .  22  1  0 

Shovels,  5  .  0  16  6 

Labor  in  the  manufacture  of  gas  .  107  4  4 

Lime  for  gas  .  3  14  3 

Gas  retorts  .  24  7  4 

Sundries — whiting,  black-lead,  hearth-stones, 

blacking,  &c .  31  6  3 


1225  13  2 

Deduct  stock  in  hand .  .  258  15  0 

-  966  18  2 


Carried  forward... 


6267  18  0^ 


32 


£  s.  d. 

Brought  forward... 

4. — DISPENSARY. 


Tobacco,  3021bs .  52  1  10 

Snuff,  30lbs .  8  1  3 

Wine,  20  gallons  .  17  0  0 

Brandy,  1  gallon  .  1  10  0 

Drugs  .  77  11  9 


156  4  10 

Deduct  stock  in  hand  .  2  11  0 


5. — FURNITURE. 

Baskets,  6  .  0  18  6 

Breakfast  cloths,  6 .  1  13  0 

Culinary  and  other  utensils  .  44  17  9 

Candlesticks,  2  .  0  5  2 

Door-mats,  6  .  3  7  o 

Diaper,  488 J  yds .  39  13  9j 

Dust-pan,  1  0  1  3 

Holland,  6 4|-  yds .  2  16  5% 

Knives  and  forks,  11^  doz .  8  11  6 

Lanthorn,  1  0  4  0 

Matting  and  oil  cloth .  0  7  10 

Mattrass  needles  and  twine  .  0  9  0 

Materials  for  mat-making  .  3  17  n 

Mincing-machine  1 . 2  2  0 

Muslin,  for  window-blinds  . .  2  7  0 

Sheeting,  46|  yards  .  5  8  6 

Spoons,  24  .  0  16  0 

Table-cloths,  6  .  3  3  0 

Table-cover,  1  1  12  9 

Tea  tray,  1 .  0  4  0 

Ticking,  56  yds .  2  13  8 

Towelling,  358£  yds .  8  4  3£ 

Wash  tubs,  3  .  0  18  0 

Waterproof  sheeting,  25|  yds  .  11  8  9 


146  1  li 


£  s.  d. 
6267  18  0| 


153  13  10 


Carried  forward. . . 


6421  11  10| 


33 


Brought  forward. . . 

*  furniture — continued. 

Mops,  Brooms,  and  Brushes  . 

Repairs  . 


Deduct  stock  in  hand 


6. — CLOTHING. 

Stock  in  hand  from  last  year  . 

Blue  check,  338  yards  . 

Bonnets,  155  . 

Calico,  2304  yards . . 

Caps,  men’s,  144  . 

Cap-peaks  . 

Chocolate  Tick,  203  yards . 

Cobourg,  118^  yards  . 

)  Cotton  check,  94  yards  . 

Corduroy,  326  yards  . 

)  Derry,  244^-  yards . 

Dressmaker  . 

:]  Flannel,  480  yards . . . 

i  Flax  and  hemp  . 

<  Forfar,  118  yards  . ... 

f  Grey  cloth,  17 1^  yards  . 

j  Handkerchiefs,  61^  dozen  . 

3  Jean,  106^  yards  . 

;  Leather  . 

:  Lining  for  dresses  . . . 

r  Muslin,  linen,  collars,  &c . 

Print,  1105  yards  . 

c  Scolloping,  148  yards . 

6  Shawls,  72  . 

I  Shirting,  1125  yards  . 

j  Stays,  1 09  pairs  . 

(Shoemaker  . . . 


£. 

s. 

d. 

146 

1 

H 

24 

5 

3 

1 

0 

2 

171 

6 

H 

3 

17 

11 

235 

4 

1? 

13 

0 

8 

6 

18 

10 

50 

18 

5 

6 

18 

0 

0 

12 

0 

11 

16 

10 

8 

17 

9 

2 

7 

0 

25 

2 

7 

6 

17 

9- 

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1 

15 

0 

23 

0 

0 

4 

6 

8 

2 

19 

0 

41 

0 

3 

11 

17 

10f 

3 

8 

92 

62 

9 

2 

1 

5 

8 

11 

4 

0 

24 

4 

00 

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3 

7 

10 

9 

6 

0 

41 

0 

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14 

16 

6 

98 

1 

11 

£.  s.  d. 
6421  11  10 


167  8  7| 


722  17  8£  - 

Carried  forward...  6589  0  5f 

E 


34 


£  s. 


Brought  forward... 


d.  £  s.  d 
6589  0  5f 


clothing — continued.  722  17  83- 


Tailor  .  82  6  0 

Thread,  tape,  needles,  &c . 28  15  2 

Ticking,  56  yards  .  2  13  8 

Worsted,  264lbs .  24  15  0 


861  7  65 

Deduct  stock  in  hand  .  374  5  11^ 


7. — MISCELLANEOUS. 

Advertisements,  printing,  stationery,  and 


postage  . .  58  6  7 

Carriage  of  goods  .  14  14  1^ 

Chimney  sweeping .  4  8  0 

Cleaning  and  repairing  clocks  .  0  16  6 

Cutting  patients’  hair  .  8  0  0 

Rates  and  Taxes  .  8  1 3  4^- 

Recapture  of  patients  .  2  6  0 

Spectacles  . .  ...  0  9  0 

Other  expences  .  13  5  6|- 


8. — FARM. 

Stock  in  hand  from  last  year  .  130  18  0 

Pigs  .  1  12  9 

Implements  of  husbandry  .  11  16  0 

Labour  .  76  16  8 

Provender  . 74  2  5 

Manure  .  40  3  1 

Seed  . 17  7  1 

Straw  .  9  7  6 

Tithe  . 6  2  0 

Miscellaneous .  1  7  5 


369  12  11 

Deduct  stock  in  hand  .  137  10  0 


487  1  6f 


110  19  4 


232  2  11 


7419  4  1 


BALANCE  SHEET, 

For  the  year  ending  31sZ  December ,  1856. 


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36 


Contract  Prices  of  the  'principal  A  rticles  of  Consumption,  dkc., 
during  the  Year  ending  31s£  December ,  1856. 


Articles. 

First 

Quarter. 

s.  d. 

Bread,  at  per  4lb.  loaf. . 

0  8 

Flour,  at  per  stone  . . 

2  11 

>>  55  . * 

7  0 

Mutton,  „  ,,  . 

7  0 

Prime  joints,  at  per  lb . 

0  6 

Milk,  at  per  gallon  . 

1  0 

Malt,  at  per  qr . 

70  0 

Hops,  at  per  lb . 

1  0 

Butter,  salt,  at  per  cwt.. 

112  0 

Cocoa,  „  „ 

54  0 

Tea,  ordinary,  at  per  lb.  ... 

2  10 

Treacle,  at  per  cwt . 

28  0 

Sugar,  ordinary,  at  per  cwt. 

46  0 

Coals,  at  per  ton, 

Hard  . 

Gas  . 

16  0 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Quarter. 

Quarter. 

Quarter. 

s. 

d. 

s. 

d. 

s. 

d. 

0 

8 

0 

8 

0 

2 

10 

2 

10 

2 

7 

3 

7 

3 

7 

6 

7 

3 

7 

3 

7 

6 

0 

6 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

74 

0 

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0 

0 

75 

11 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

112 

0 

90 

0 

90 

0 

54 

0 

49 

0 

49 

0 

2 

10 

2 

9 

2 

9 

28 

0 

24 

0 

24 

0 

46 

0 

46 

0 

46 

0 

14 

0 

jl2 

6 

m2 

0 

13 

6 

•  .  V 

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GEORGE  KIRKUP, 


Clerk  and  Steward. 


GAS  ACCOUNT. 


r~6 


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GEORGE  KIRKUP, 

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FARM  ACCOUNT. 


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GEORGE  KIRKUP, 

Clerk  and  Steward. 


