IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14SS0 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVi/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductsons  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notaa  tachniquat  at  bibiiographlquaa 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographicaliy  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  ehanga 
tha  uaual  maihod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covara  damaged/ 


D 


Couvartura  andommagAa 

Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  reataurie  et/ou  peliiculAe 


|~~1   Cover  title  miaaing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  mapa/ 

Cartea  gtegraphiquaa  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  eutre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

r^   Coloured  plate*  and/or  iliuatrations/ 


D 

D 


D 


Planche*  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  meterial/ 
ReliA  avac  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  Interior  margin/ 

La  rellure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainah  pages  blanches  ajoutAes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  la  texte. 
mais,  lorsque  cela  4tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  4t4  filmAes. 


n 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


; 


L'lnatltut  a  microfilmi  la  mailleur  exemplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  *t*  poaaibia  da  aa  procurer.  Lea  ditaiia 
da  cat  exemplaira  qui  aont  paut-Atre  uniquaa  du 
point  da  vue  bibliographiqua.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dana  la  mithoda  normala  de  filmaga 
aont  indiqute  ci-deaaoua. 


I — I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pagea  damaged/ 
Pagea  endommagAaa 

Pagea  restored  and/oi 

Pagea  restaurtaa  et/ou  peliiculAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dAcolorAea,  tachatiea  ou  piqudea 

Pagea  detached/ 
Pages  dAtachAea 

Showthrough/ 
Tranaparence 

Quality  of  prin 

Quality  inAgale  de  I'impreasion 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  material  supplAmantaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seiile  Mition  diaoonible 


I — I   Pagea  damaged/ 

r~n   Pagea  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~l^  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r~l   Pagea  detached/ 

r~y  Showthrough/ 

r~|   Quality  of  print  variea/ 

|~~|   Includes  supplementary  materiel/ 

I — I   Only  edition  available/ 


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t( 


T 

P 
o 

fi 


0 
b 

tl 

si 
o 

fi 

si 
o 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
aiipa,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
enaure  tita  beat  poaaibia  Image/ 
Lea  pa^es  totalement  ou  pertieilement 
obacurcias  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6tA  filmtes  A  nouveeu  de  fa^on  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


7 

s 
T 

V 

^ 

d 

e 
b 
ri 
r( 
n 


This  item  Is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous 

10X                            14X                            18X                            22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

1 

12X 

16X 

aox 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Nationai  Library  of  Canada 


L'exempiaire  fiimt  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
ginArositi  de: 

BibliothAque  nationalc  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Las  images  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  avec  !e 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exempiaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  fiimad 
beginning  wit:>i  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  pagQ  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appronriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  n  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  eyemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  fiimte  en  commenpant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempitsires 
originaux  sont  fiim6s  en  commandant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboies  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


i\/laps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fiimte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  At.  e 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  ii  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iiiustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

ri.m 


CONTENTS. 


PLATE  I. 

PA«E 

Liver- Leaf — Wiml-Fkmci'. — (Sharp  Lobed  Hepatica.) — Ilcpatlca  Amtiloha 9 

Bellwort. — (Wofxi  Daffodil.) —  Uvularia  jvrfoliata 11 

\\  CH)(1  A neiii(»iie. — Anemone  Nemorosa 13 

Spriii}r  Beauty. — OlaijUmia  Virg'mica 16 

PLATE  II. 

Adders-Toiijrue. — Di)j:-Tootlied  Violet. — Erylhronium  Amtrkanum 19 

White  Tiilliuni. — Death-Flower. —  TrilUum  (irandiflonim 21 

Rock  Col iniibine. — A<juik(jla  Canadensis 24 

PLATE  III. 

Squirrel  Corn. — Dicentra  Canadensis 27 

Puri)le  Trillium.— Death-Flower.— Birth-Root— 7'/vV//«?«  crectum 29 

Witod  (Jerauium.— Cranes-Bill. — Ccranium  mandahnn 31 

Chiekweed  Wintcrgroen. — Tn'entali's  Americnna 34 

PLATE  IV. 

Sweet  Winter<rrecn. — Pyrohi  rlliptica 3^ 

One  Flowered  V\y(^\h.~ Mimeses  uniflora • ''" 

Flowerinji  Raspberry. — Rnhus   Odorahis *1 

Si)eed well. —American  Brooklime.—  Veronica  Americana 43 


CONTENTS. 


PLATM  V. 

PA(iK 

Yi'llow  Lady's  Slippers.— '///WywrZ/V/w  /Kirriflonun  nml  Ci/inijxdiiiiii  jnihtsrois 1.) 

UlY'SO  JJluo  Klllir.— /'v'.s-   V,rsir"/(ir.'-F/rin--i/<-/iirr ^"^ 

SiiuvU  CauLcny.—  V<i<riniuin  Oxymrvm ••'• 

PLATE  yi. 

Wild  ( )ran-rc  LWy. —Lilitim  Phllnihli)li!runi ''-^ 

Canadian  WwriiWW.—CdmjHnnihi  Rolaiul!j<>l!a •»<» 

Showy  Lady's  Slipper.— ( 'jpr'qmlUnn  Sj>(rhihl/r.—{MoiX'aii\n  KIuwcm) 55) 

PLATE  Vn. 

Early  Wild  Rose.— /?<w'f  /l/<iiiila ^'3 

rentstonion  Board-Ton-iuo.— /'<  «/«/<v«o«  jitkscrns ^0 

PLATE  VIIL 

Sweet  Seented  Water  Lily. — \i/iiiii/tii:(i  Odorain <'»7 

Yellow  Poud  Lily.— A'//y/(/r^l'/ft-.'/«.— (Spatter  Doek) 71 

PLATE  IX. 

Pitcher  Plant.— (Soldier's  Drinking  C\\\\.)—Snrr<i('(:iH(i  Piirpumi 73 

PLATE  X. 

Painted  Cup,  Scarlet  Q,\\\s.—C(iMill'  nt  ('ncnnm 77 

Siidwy  Orchis. — Orrltis  SinrUiliU'ai ^^ 

Indian  Tuniiii. — Arum  (riji/ii/l/Min  I  Annii  I'miiil;/) ^'^ 

Cone  Flower. — RiKlUrkiit  J'u'i/i'la ^"^7 


P  R  E  V  A  c  i<: . 


AKKW  \vin(U  nf  iiiin.iluctioii  Inr  mir  Ik^^U  nii  llic  Wild  FInwors  of  Ciiiiiidii  may 
hr  (li-ciiinl  ll('(■l•s■^;ny  liy  tlir  iVii'iids  wlio  liavc  so  kindly  ;iiiil  t'reoly  ('(iiiic  iorwinl 
:i>  Sidiscrii'iM's  to  tin;  wiu'k   and  also  tlic  indijir  in  iicncral. 

We  |iicsci:i  it  willi  I'vciy  1io|k>  tliat  success  may  follow  tlic  pahlicalioM,  whicii 
lias  iiccM  delayed,  liy  many  unl'nivseen  olislacles,  from  a|>iioarinii'  at  as  eaiiy  a  dale  as 
hail  i'cen  antieiiialed.  However,  we  must  fall  liael<  on  the  old  saying—'  Helter  late 
llianne\er'  and  in  excuse,  ohservi' tlial  Hie  lalioui'of  the  undertakinii' has  hin'n  very 
ureal.  Kirst.  the  desi-'ns— all  the  ilowi'rs  haviiiL!.-  been  coiiied  from  Xati  I!k,"s  ()w\ 
r,)OK,  liv  Mks.  l'Vi/.(Jiiaio.\ — then  the  suliseijuent  tiiMUiiinu-  anil  lithouraphinL!;  on 
>lone/'r  Iicr  cwit  liiiiid,  and  linally  the  eoluiiiiiiL:-  el'  I'aeh  -eparate  plate— a  ;iiuantic 
elVort   to  lie  executed  liy  one  peiscn. 

With  a  patriotic  pride  in  her  native  land,  .Mrs.  K.  wa^  desirous  that  the  liook 
should  lie  enliri'ly  of  Canadian  production,  without  any  foreign  aid,  and  thu>  fai'  her 
de^iu'u  ha>  lu'cn  cai'ried  out  :  whelher  >-ucces>|'ully  or  not,  I'cmains  for  the  iiuidic  |o 
di'cidc. 

Anv  siiort-comiiiLis  thai  may  he  noticed  liy  oui  fiT'uds,  must  li.'  exeu^el  on  the 
More  of  the  work  'icinu' wholly  (''aiiadian  in  its  cxeeiilion. 

Our  Canadian  l'ulili^lier>  can  hardly  \y  expected  to  eoiiipete  \\  ilh  the  liookNc'lers 
;md  iirinler>  of  the  (Md  Counlry,  or  of  the  ruiled  ,'<lates,  laiiourin-'  as  they  must 
iiccessarilv  do  in  a  new  count ly  ur:der  many  in  i'haiiieal  di^advantau'cs. 

Thus  far,  then,  in  iu-haif  of  ihearli-t  and  puMisher— a  f.'w  words  nuiiain  yet 
to  lie  vaid  as  veuanK  the  liteivny  poili'm  of  the  !)eck. 

Many  vcars  api  liic  only  \\orl<  that  lreaie(l  iu  any  way  of  the  Wild  riants  of 
Canada,  the  ciunilry  owed  to  that  iiideiatiuaiile  liotani>l  Frederick  Fur^li,  whose 
valuahle  lalioiirs  wciv  iait  little  appreciated  in  ihecoinilry  in  wliicli  he  toiled  and 
,li,.,l_il  i>  1,1  icarcd  hut  poorly  rewaidcd  durin-'  his  life. 

The  land,  with  all  its  rich  veuetalile  resources,  lay  as  it  were  an  initriidden 
wilderness  for  many  years,  >ave  hy  those  hardy  settlers  who  eared  little  for  the  forest 
llowcr-   thai  urew  in  their  palh>. 

Tiie  unleticrcd  /iiJiaiis,  indeed,  culled  a  few  of  the  lierhs  and  hui'ks  and  ro  its 
t'oi'  licaliiej,-  purposes,  and  dyes  wheri'with  to  slain  their  sipinws"  liasket-work  and 
porci'|iine  <|uilU  :  and  souie  of  the  old  settlers  had  ;iiven  them  local  and  descriptive 


6 


rRl-.l'ACI'. 


i 


liaiiioliy  wliirli  llic\  iii;i\   1h'  i\'c.i;iui/.iMl  oven  in  the  |.ivm'IiI  (1;iv,  \>\\\  lliciv  \\;i'~  i v 

to  uivi'  wriltciHK'MMiptiiMis,  or  to  cimiiiilc  ii  iKilivc  Kloni,  nr  even  ddinoNtic  llcrl.iil  of 
thi'  Wild  ri:iMts  <A'  (';in;i(l;i.  Tlic -^iiliji'il  mviihmI  Io  cxcih"  litllc  iiilnvst  imlr<>  in 
soiiiociuinfc  lr;ivt>lli'r  wliniii  curiositv  or  hiisiiioss  l)ri)u:^lit  In  llic  cuUKtrv  IJiil  iinw 
the  sclindlnmsti'iisaliroad.  ami  liottor  thiiiti's  :uv,  \\c  tnnt,  in  store  lor  t!ii>  our  luitivc 
coinitry. 

Murli  viihiiiliK'  Mild  iiitcicNiiii!:.'  iniiltor  Ii;is  ali'i-ady  Ikhmi  pivt'ii  to  tlic  world, 
and  manv  works  still  in  jiro-ri'ss  are,  wc  lioar,  likely  to  lie  added  lo  our  seieiititie 
litc'.uliire. 

It  wa>  in  -iipi'ls  a  ileliiii'iiry  that  has  km-'  been  lelt  in  this  country,  llial  the 
Aiiliioivsslir>t  eoniviveil  the  idea  of  wrilin-'  a  little  Tohnne  doseriptive  oi'tlie  most 
ivu.arkalile  oi'  the  Wild    Fke.viMs,  Sh^ul'^  and  Forest  Trees  of  Canada. 

This  work,  str:/  in  MS.,  received  the  sanciioiiand  approval  of  sevia'al  seientilie 
and  literai'v  -vntlenieii  in  Canada,  anion-  whom,  were  Dr.  Ilincks  and  I'ml'.  (ieor-c 
LawM.n-.  lull  want  of  liind^  on  the  part  ..l"  th  ■  writer  prevented  the  pnlili.ation  of 
the  work.  And  liiiallv  it  \va- al  kiM  a-revl  that  the  l'> 'ok  of  Canadian  Wihl  Flowers 
..'innld  I'c  ihc  wiuk  of  Mrs.  Fit '.t.ili'.ion,  and  tlie  ile>criplions  of  tla-  plants,  as 
...•'.neateil  i>\  Ih'r  haul,  -.lioul  1  lie  sidected  and  ada|ited  to  sail  the  siilijeets  of  the 
i'laie>  iVnm  Ml-.  TiMir-  MS. 

Tiic  Scicnlilii-  i^'ader  ni:i>  pn^-iMy  c\p;'ci  a  iiniv  Iciinel  docriplinn  of  the 
rianl>.,  and  mav  nniicc  many  dci'ccl  ^  and  niui-^i'iiis;  w  hile  others  who  are  indifl'civnt 
to  the  >niiicct,  iiia\ en  I Ic  ni iicr  hand  tliinU  that  llicre  are  too  many  hotanical  terms 
|inn;,liici.d.  li  i-  dirilcidl  In  plea-"  Iwn  iKiiti  -.  Wi'  cra\e  indnl-vnce  lor  all  errors, 
|,i-,,ini>inr  iliat  in  ann;  !i>t  \nlii:ic', -hoidd  car  prc--enl  Imik  lie  kindl\  received,  we 
will  endi'avuur  li>  reuiiiT  ii  a>  perfeci  as  nar  iinnled  know  Iim^zv  will  allow  us  to  do. 
And  sn  we  Kid  oai'  reader-^  heartily  faivucll,  wishin-'  them  nnadi  iileasnre  and  coii- 
tenlmenl.  and  ilia!  ii-  cunicnl^,  lulii  arli-lic.il  and  lilciarv,  may  servo  to  fii>ter  a 
|,,ve  Ini  liic  nali\e  plant-  nf  ('anada,  and  turn  their  allcnlinn  to  the  lloral  lieauty 
that  is  de-.tineil  smiikt  cm'  lati  r  to  in'  -wepl  away,  a-  the  onward  march  of  civili/a- 
tinn  clear>  away  ilic  prinnwal  fnre-t  reclaim^  the  -waiiip-  and  lioi:s,  and  tnrns  the 
wa-le  plac.'- inin  a  frnilfnl  Held.  Tlieln\(inl  lluwcr- ma\  then  look  in  Nain  foi' oni' 
*-,wect--ciailc(|  l'\rnhe-and  Slipper  plani-,  and  W'  le|. 'cd  In  -:iy  in  Hie  words  uf  the 
old  Scotii-h  -iin-- 

"    I  Ik  lli>v.ii-.  el  \'-'-  ton-.!  :iu   .1'  ui>ii.  .\\\\\'.' 


()  w.iil  ter  the  tiiri.:,!,  the  proiui  st:ilil\    Io-cn!, 
.\e  more  its  Jirk  depths  shall  the  hmaer  explore, 

[■'or  the  hriL'ht  t,'<)klen  gram, 

shall  \\a\e  tree  o'er  the  pl.iin, 
<)  w  i:l  lor  th./  tore.;,  \\-.  priories  are  o'er. 


ToKiiN  |.i,    llcecinliei'.     1>(')'^ 


I'KAiLL, 


* 
I 


F^^ra 


Piiiiiloii  iiiiil  Litlitio'ni])lit>cl 
Wdll 

BOTANICAL  DESCRIPTIONS 


♦ 


!  Al-  Im    1    !■  1    i'      il  A 


-I  ■:■.      '[    'w--:    '1 


lA'rV     N  !  A     ■.'li     ■■INI 


ii;,  A  i'l-'A     A'"Tii,.  'HA 


Nat.  (Mill.  1!  VMM  I  LACK. K. 


IJVKH-LEAK. 

(SIlAltP  I.OUKD  IIKPATK'A.) 

llrjKilii'd  iiruiilitha. 


Kd.i-i'ii  111  >«Miiii.v  cicri'., 

Wlinv  llii'  ciilil  luvi'/c  (Mini"-  not,  Mouni^  iilmn' 
Till'  litlir  W  incl-llnuiT.  w  liuM-  iii>t  ii|ii'ncil  ryr 
I-  hluc.  ;i-  til.'  >priii'^'  liciivcii  it  ^ii/r-  at.  " 


Hkvavt. 


.j^'LllI-;  Aiiiciicaii  poet.  Bniiiil,  lias  niiiiiy  liiippv  iillii-ioiis  1o  the 
,.S*fe'~'  llcnatica  uiidcM-  ill.'  iiaiiic  ol'  ••  \ViM)-l''i.o\\  i;i; :"  (he  iiioic 
ki::J\  cnmiiioii  iiaiiir  aiuoii--  our  Caiuuiiau  s('ttlt>i>  i>  ••Snow- 

^i^X  V\.')\\\w."  it  hi'iiit;'  the  liist  l>lossoiii  thai  a|»|icars  directly 

aflcr  till'  UH'ltiiiLL'  dl]' of  lilt'  winter  snows. 

in  the  lorol  ill  ••pen  iira»y  old  woods.  u\\  l)aiik>  aiwl  ii|itiii'ii(Ml 
in.il.  ..r  tr.'o.  llii-  >W('rl  llower  -laddeiis  tlic  eye  willi  its  cluHMriil 
sliiiiy  l.l.i^x.iii-:  every  eliild  kii<.w>  it  and  lills  its  liand>  and  l.osoin 
will)  il^  llowei>.  |.iuk.  Iilue.  deep  a/iire  ami  jtiire  while.  What  the 
d;ii>y  i>  til  Kn-iand.  the  Smiw-ilower  or  Liver-leaf  i>  to  Canada. 
It  liii-er>  Ion--  within  the  rore>t  shade,  eoyly  retreat  in-'  within  its 
vhellerin-  -lade.  Inini  the  open  -hire  of  the  sun:  Ihou-li  lor  a  time 
it  will  not    ielii>e   to  hlooiii   within  the  -ardeii  horders.  when  trans- 

c 


" 


12 


BELLWORT. 


pale  -ivn.  snioolh.  nn.l  in  (lie  hnjicst  sporios  pcMlolialo,  t'laspiii- 

tll(>  SU'IH. 

The  root  (or  ilii/oiiie)  is  nhitc.  Iloliy  and  (iil.oroiis.  Tlic  Boll- 
woit  is  comi.ioii  in  ri.-h  shady  wo...is  an.l  -ras>y  Ihirkols.  and  on 
moist  alhivial  soil  lui  the  banks  .. I'  stroaius.  where  it  attains  to  (lie 
hei-ht  or  ISor  20  inches.  It  is  an  ele-ant,  l)ut  not  very  showy  llower— 
ivniarkal.h-  more  for  it>  -rarefiil  i.endent  straw-eoloure.l  or  pale 
yvllow  l.lo^^onH.  thai:  lor  its  hiilliancy.  It  i.eloii-s  to  a  .>iil>-order  of 
thr  Lily  Tiii.e.  There  are  three  >pecies  in  Canada  -the  lar-e  li(dl- 
^un[--i^riil<irn,  <jr,ni'Jillorn  ami  T.  prr/n/iatu  we  al>o  i)o»e»  the 
third,  ciuimerated  hy  Dr.  (iray.   T.  srssllijnlln. 


|i 


f  1^ 


Hi 


i' 


i 


m 


Nat.  Oiui.  Raxlnculace.e. 


(^ 


WOOD  ANEMONE. 


Anemone  nemomsa. 


Williin  llu'  \vo(i(l. 

A\'lii)M'  youii;:' ami  halt' transpiU'L'nt  loaves. 
Srai'ci' (•a>l  a  sIkhIt:   uuy  cicclL's  of  aiienuiiies, 
Daiu'i'd  (111  ilu'ir  stalks.'" 


l^KYANT. 


.^^f^. 


/WU-'lIK  (•!a>si('al  iKiiiic  Ank.moni:  is  (l(>rivc(l  Iroiii  a  (Jicek  Nvonl. 
^^%M"^  wl'.icli  siii'iiifio  (he  vsiiid.  l)CM'auso  it  was  llioiiulil  dial  (he 
"ki^^  llowcr  ojx'IkmI  out  its  l>l(>ssoiii>  oaly  whvw  the  wind  was 

Ai^  hlowinu'.      Whatever  llie  hal)it>  ol'  the  Aueiuoiie  of  the 

(ireciaii  Ish'>  may  he.  a>.-iire(lly  in  their  iiati\  e  haunts  in  tliis  country, 
the  l)hi,^>oins  open  alike  in  windy  weatlier  or  in  ealni  :  in  sliach'  or  in 
-ini>hine.  It  i>  iniu'e  likidy  that  tlie  wiii<!  actiuu'  u])on  (he  downy 
>(M'(1>  of  voinc  .species  and  dis.i>ei'siiig  (hem  ahroad.  lias  been  (he  origin 
ol'  the  idea,  and  has  ;j,i\('n  hirth  to  the  jtopular  name  which  poets 
lia\e  made  I'aniiliai'  (<>  the  ear  with  many  .•^weet  lines.  l)i'yaiit.  who 
i>  the  Aniciican  poei  ornatiu'e.  I'oi'  he  seems  to  revel  in  all  that  is 
lair  .imoii;:'  (he  lh)\\ei's  and  sd'canis  and  ro(d\s  and  I'orest  shades,  has 
al.-o  ui\'en  the  name  ol'  ■  /r/'iii/ jloirrr"  to  the  blue  hei»atica. 

The  subject  ol'  our  j)la(t'.  the  little  white  ))ink-edLi'ed  llow(>r 
at  the  lelt  hand  corner  ol'  the  t:rouj).  is  Anemone  ntntorosu.  the 
>maller    ■  \\'o(U>  Ankmom:." 


u 


WOOD  ANK>[OXE. 


Tliis  i)ietly  dolicato  spcM-ics  li>vos  tlie  luoilonito  shade  or.urovL's 
and  Ihicki'ts.  it  is  ot'leii  round  in  open  i)in(>lands  of  second  iiiowlli, 
and  evidentlv  i»rerers  a  liulil  and  somewliat  sandy  soil  to  any  other, 
with  "•linii)>es  ol'siui-hine  >lealini;-  (h)\vn  upon  it. 

The  Wood  Anemone  is  IVoni  I  to  i>  inches  in  height.  ))ul  sehloni 
taller,  the  hve  rounded  >ei.als  which  lorni  the  llowerare  whi((>.  tin-ed 
with  a  purpli>h-red  ov  dull  l.ink  on  the  oul>idc.  The  leavo  are  three 
parted,  divided  a-ain  in  three.  tootluMl  and  >harply  cut  and  some- 
what coar>e  in  texture  :  the  three  u[^\n'V  >\rm  leavc>  torm  an  involucre 
about  midway  helwe-'U  the  root  and  the  llower-cui*. 

Our  Wood  Anemone  i>acheerrnl  little  llower  ulad.leninL';  us  with 
its  l)losH)ms  early  in  tlu  month  of  May,  It  i>  very  ahundaid  in  the 
iKM-hl,ourho(.d  of  Toronto,  on  the  -ra.^y  haidvs  and  piny-dells  at 
Do\er  (.'ourt.  and  elx'where. 

•■Tlii-To  tliirkly  ->ii\'\vn  in  wiMilhiU'l  iMiucrs. 
Aiii'iiHUir--  tlh'ir  >t;ir>  \inrnM." 

A  somewhat  taller  >pecies.  with  verv  white  starry  llowcrs,  i> 
lound  on  -ra\elly  \nu\k<  mulvr  \\\r  .diade  of  ^hrul.-  near  the  >mall 
lakes  I'ornied  l>v  the  Otoiiahee  river.  A*,  /.h^um.  where  al>o,  we  lind 
llu' downv -ceded  >i)eci<">  known  a-  ••Thiml)le-wce(l."  Atx  uioik'  njllit- 
,irlra.  IVom  the  cylindrical  head-  oi'  iVuil.  The  •  ■rhimhlc-wecd"  is  not 
\civ  attractive  tor  heaulv  of  eoh.nr:  lli<'  llower  is  -•reenish-whil(>. 
■^mall.  two  of  the  sepals  I»einLL'  shorter  and  less  con-picuous  than  the 
other-:  the  plant  i<  from  1  t(»  "J  it.  hi-h:  the  leave>  of  the  cut  and 
jM.iuird  involeure  are  coarse,  ol  i  dull  -rcen.  >urr(;undin-'  the  several 
Ion--  llowcr-talk-.  Tin-  -ofi  cottony  seeds  reimnn  in  close  heads 
ihrou-h  the  winter,  til!  the  -prin-'  i)ree/,c>  disperse  them. 


I 


WOOD  ANEMONE. 


15 


The  hii'gcsl  spoeics  of  our  iialivc  Aikmuoik's  is  J.  Vinjinluna. 
"Tai.l  Ankmoni:.'"  This  liaiidsouie  plant  loves  the  shores  oC  lakes 
and  streams:  (lani|)  rich  ii'roiiiul  suits  it  well,  as  it  grows  freely  in  such 
soil,  and  under  moderate  shade  when  transferred  to  the  garden. 

The  foliaii'e  of  the  tall  Anemone  is  eoarse.  growini:-  in  whorls 
round  th(^  stem,  divisions  of  the  leaf  three  i)arted.  sharply  pointed 
and  toothed,  in  this,  as  in  all  the  species,  the  coloured  sepals,  (or 
ealvx  leaves)  lorm  the  (lower.  The  outer  surface  of  the  (lower  is 
covered  with  minute  silky  hairs,  the  round  (laltencMl  silky  buds  rise 
sin^iv  on  tall  naked  stenn,  the  uppei'  series  are  supplied  with  two 
small  leallets  emhracinj.;-  the  stalk.  'Ihe  central  and  laru'est  (lowers 
oj)en  lir.--(,  the  lateral  or  outer  ones  as  these  fade  away;  thus  a  succes- 
sion of  Idossoms  is  |)i'«)duced,  which  continue  to  liloom  for  several 
w<'eks.  'ihe  (lowers  of  this  sort.  undiM- eultivation,  become  larjj^erand 
handsomer  than  in  their  wild  state,  ivory  white,  tiiig'ed  with  purple. 
The  Anemone  is  always  a  favourite  'lower  wherever  it  may  l)e  seen, 
whether  in  British  woods,  on  Alpine  lieiij^lits,  or  in  Canadian  wilds  ; 
on  Itaid^s  of  lonely  lakes  and  forest  streams:  or  in  the  u'arden  par- 
terre, wherc^  it  is  livalled  by  few  other  Ihjwers  in  graee  of  form  or 
spbMidour  of  coloiU'. 


I 


Nat.  Oiii).  I'ninri.ArACK.E. 


SPIUNG  BEAUTY 


C/di/fouia  Vinjinica. 


\\'\\v\v  flic  tiiv  li;i(l  simil<(Ml  and  siiKUildrn'd 


ilW 


llic  "aiiicsl  !l(i\vcr  of  SpriiiLi'  tinif 


Saw  the  I'cauty  df  thr  S|iiiii;j;  tiiiiiv 
Saw  Ilic  ]Sri-kiid('(Ml--  iii  liiii>Miiii. 


Hiawatha. 


^^^':ins  >iiiii)l('  <lcli(:ilr  lilllc  |il:int   is  one  of  niii   ('iirlii'>t    A|»ril 


l-^B  f* / 


V   ail 


Al.y  ll()\v('r>       111    wiinii    ^]irini2,s  it    i>   almost    (^\■(•lll^iv^'l 

-5^  vj  A]>ril   llowcr.  Ifiit   ill  cold  aihl  harkward  seasons,  it  ol'lcii 


i^ 


(l(la\>  il>  Itlossoiiiiim'  lime 


till  M: 


IV 


Paiiialh'   hi'lilcii   liciiralli  the   >li(  llcr  ol'  old   decayiiiL:'  limlKTs 
lid  iallcii  l>('ii!ihs.  its  jirclt)'  jiiiik  lMi(i>  )n'('|)  shyly  loith.      Il  is  ol'lcn 


loiiiid  ill  iKuliallv  cleared  lieecdi-woods.  ;iiid  in  ritdi  iiioisl  iiieado 


\vs. 


Ill  Canada,  there  are  two  >|iecic>:  one  with  lew  llowers.  white, 
both  lea.\('>  ami  llowcr-  laiiicr  than  the  more  eominon  roriii:  tlie 
l»los>onis  of  the  latter  are  more  niimeroiis.  >maller.  and  of  a  pale  |»ink 
colour.  Ncined  with  lino  id'  a  deeper  rose  colour.  rormiiiLi'  a  slender 
raceme;  >oiiietiiius  the  iiltlf  pedicels  or  llowcr  stalks  are  JxMit  or 
twi>led  to  one  side,  so  a■^  to  throw  the  llowers  in  one  direelioii. 


Mi>k'.lii'il — iii'liuii  name  Oir  S|iriii_'  r.i-;i\u\. 


SPRING  BEAUTY. 


17 


I 


The  st'ai»o  .springs  IVoiii  a  siiuill  dcoi)  tuber,  bearing  ii  single  pair 
of  soft,  oily,  sueeiilent  leaves.  In  the  white  (lowered  speeies  those 
leaves  are  plaeed  about  midway  up  the  stem,  but  in  the  pink  [C. 
Vinjnu'ai)  the  leaves  lie  eloser  to  the  ground,  and  are  smaller  and 
of  a  dark  l)lui^h  green  hue.  Our  SruiN(;  Beaitv  well  deserves  its 
pretty  poetical  nanu\  It  eouies  in  with  the  Ko))iu,  and  the  song 
s|)arrow,  the  hepatiea,  and  the  first  white  violet :  it  lingers  in  shady 
spots,  as  if  unwilling  to  desert  us  till  more  sunny  days  have  wakened 
u|)  a  wealth  of  ))righter  blossoms  to  gladden  the  eye:  yet  the  first, 
and  the  last,  are  apt  to  be  most  prized  by  us,  with  flowers,  as  well 
as  olher  treasures. 

How  inlinitely  wise  and  merciful  are  the  arrangements  of  the 
Great  Creator.  Let  us  instance  the  connection  between  Bi:i;s  and 
Flowiirs.  In  cold  climates  the  former  lie  torpid,  or  nearly  so, 
during  the  long  months  of  Winter,  until  the  genial  rays  of  the  sun 
and  light  have  ([uickened  vegetation  into  activity,  and  buds  and 
blossoms  open,  containing  the  nutriment  necessary  for  this  busy 
insect  tril)e. 

The  Bees  seem  made  for  the  Blossoms:  the  Blossoms  for  the 
Bees. 

On  a  bright  March  morning  what  sound  can  ))e  more  in  harmony 
with  the  sunshine  and  blue  skies,  than  the  murmuring  of  the  honey- 
bees, in  a  border  of  cloth  of  gold  crocuses  ?  what  sight  more  cheerful 
to  the  eye  ?  But  I  forget.  Canada  has  few  of  these  sunny  flowers, 
and  no  March  days  like  those  that  woo  the  hive  bees  from  their 
winter  dormitories.  And  April  is  with  us  only  a  name.  We  have 
no  April  mouth  of  rainbow  suns  and  showers.     We  miss  the  deep 


18 


SPRING  BEAUTY. 


li     ' 


blue  skies,  and  silver  tluoue-like  clouds  that  east  their  llecting 
shadows  over  (he  tender  springing  grass  and  eorn;  we  have  no  mossy 
lanes  odorous  with  blue  violets.     One  oi'  our  old  poets  thus  writes  : 

"  Vc  violets  that  lirst  appi'iir, 
My  your  pure  purple  luiuitles  known, 
Like  the  proud  virL'ins  of  the  yeiir, 
As  if  (he  sprin'i  wei'C  all  your  own, 
What  are  ye  when  the  rose  is  Mown.''* 

We  miss  the  liu-fy  banks,  studded  with  starry  daisies,  i)ale  prinu-oses 
and  azure  blue-bells. 

Our  May  is  bright  and  sunny,  more  like  to  the  English  March  ; 
it  is  indeed  a  month  of  i)romise— a  month  ol'  many  flowers.  But 
too  often  its  fair  buds  and  blossoms  are  nipped  by  frost,  "and  winter, 
lingering,  chills  the  la|)  of  May." 

In  the  warmth  and  shelter  of  the  forest,  vegetation  appears. 
The  black  leaf  mould,  so  light  and  rich,  (luiekcns  the  seedlings  into 
rapid  growth,  and  green  leav<'s  and  opening  buds  follow  soon  after 
the  melting  of  tlie  snows  of  wiiUer.  The  starry  blossoms  of  (he 
hepatica,  blood-root,  l)ellwort.  violets,  white,  yellow  and  blue,  with 
the  delicate  Coptis  (gold-thread),  come  forth  and  arc  followed  by 
many  a  lovely  flower,  increasing  with  the  mor(>  genial  seasons  of 
May  and  June. 

But  our  A])ril  flowers  arc  but  few.  comjjarntively  speaking,  and 
so  we  prize  oiu-  early  Violets.  Ilepaticas  and  S|)ring  ]>eauty. 


*  Sir  Honrv  Wottoii — written  in  Itj.'jl. 


p 


I 

■ 


lU 


-: 


•am;  ifif  i-ijivi 


I.J,    ,••  MT-        f  "T  '>   ' 


P    ..    V      A^id- 


Nat.  Ord.  Lii.iace.«. 


A])J)EKS-T()NGUE. 


i)orj-TOOTni:D  violet. 


Erythronium  Amcricanum, 


r 


P^ 


I 


'•  Ami  siiiittcd  A(l(l(>rs-toiiuiio  witli  (Irooping  liell. 
(iivL'liiijr  the  lunv-liorn  spriii!:;." 

m^"^  X  liell  black  mould,  on  the  low  hanks  of  creeks  and  open 
woodlands,  largo  beds  of  (hose  elegant  lilies  may  be 
seen  iiioreiiiLi;  (ho  sol'toiiod  ground  in  (he  month  of  April; 
(ho  broad  lanooolato  leaves  are  boautirully  clouded  with 
>.ur)»lo  or  reddish  brown,  or  sometimes  with  milky  white.  Each 
bulb  of  (he  second  year's  growth  produces  two  loaves,  and  lietween 
(hose  rises  a  round  naked  scape,  (or  llower  stem),  terminated  by  a 
drooi)iiig  yellow  boll.  The  unfolded  bud  is  striped  with  lines  of 
(lark  |)urplo.  A  few  hours  of  sunshine  and  warm  wind  soon  expands 
(ho  llower,  which  is  composed  of  six  coloured  sepals,  recurved, 
which  form  a  lily-like  turbanod  llower ;  each  segment  grooved,  and 
sj)ot(ed  at  the  base,  with  oblong  purplish  l)rown  dots.  The  outer 
surface  of  the  sojials  is  marked  with  dark  lines.  The  stamens  are 
six:  anthers,  oblong;  pollen  of  a  brick-red,  or  dull  orange  colour, 
varying  to  yellow.     The  style  is  club-shaped  ;  stigmas  three,  united. 


4 


',)  I 


20 


ADDEHS-TONGUE. 


I 


Tliis  eleuant  yellow  lily  IhmkIs  (lowiiwiinl  wIilmi  cxihiikUmI.  as  if  to 
liidc  its  niorii's  IVoni  tlio  lull  liiaiv  of  the  suii-liiiht.  Tho  cloiidod 
loaves  are  ol'  an  oily  sinootliiioss.  icsistiiiu'  tlic  inoisliiro  of  rain  ami 
dew. 

The  name  Dous-loolli  Violet  seems  very  ina|»|)ropnate.  The 
pointed  segments  ol'  tlu'  hell  may  have  suuiiestetl  the  reseml)laneo 
to  the  tooth  ola  do;:',  hut  it  is  dilheult  to  traee  any  analoLiy  between 
this  llower  and  the  \iolet.  no  two  jtlants  presentini:  greater  dissimi- 
laritv  ol"  lorm  or  habit  than  the  lily  and  the  violet,  though  ol'ton 
blended  in  the  verse;  of  the  jmet.  The  Americiui  name  of  the 
Adders-tongue  is  more  signilieant.* 

The  White  Flowered  Adders-tongue  grows,  it  has  been  said,  in 
the  more  western  portion  oi"  Camida,  on  the  shores  ol'  Lake  Huron, 
probably  ihe  Dijthroniiim  albidum  of  Gray. 


1      r- 


n 


! 


:.?■ 


*  Tlie  name  D'jgs-t.i.jth  rolers  to  t!io  A\a\iv  of  t!io  -iiuull  ii'-iiUfl  white  bully  of  tlio  coiiimoii  l]ur"|ieai]  species, 
su  well  known  in  English  gardens.— Pkof.  Lawson. 


!;i-ii  Oiii).  Tuii.LiACK.K.— (TU1I.I.ICM  Family.) 


WHITE  TRILLIUM. 


DEATH  FLOWER. 


TriUium  Oram lijhr um . 


1 


■  AikI  spotless  lilios  bend  the  head 
Low  to  tho  passing  gale.'' 

J^i§7ff,'ATUrvK    has  sciittercd  with  no  niggiirilly   hand  these  ro- 
' ^^**'^^         iiiaikabU'  llowers  over  hill  and  (Ude,  wide  shru))hy  phiiu 
iiinl  sliady  I'orest  ,<;leii.     In  deep  ravines,  or  roeky  islets, 
:i-^,A  the  hridit  snow-white  blossoms  of  the  Trillinnis  <;rect  the 

eve  and  court  the  hand  to  pluek  them.  The  old  peojde  in  this  part 
of  the  Provinee  eall  them  by  the  lamiliar  name  of  Lily.  Thus  wo 
have  Asphodel  Mies,  Douro  Lilies,  tic.  In  Nova  Scotia  they  arc 
called  Moose-llowers,  probably  (rom  being  abundant  in  the  haunts  of 
Moose-deer.  In  some  of  the  New  England  States  the  Trilliums, 
white  and  red.  are  known  as  the  Jhafh-Jknvcr,  but  of  the  origin  of  so 
ominous  a  name  we  have  no  record.  We  might  imagine  it  to  have 
originated  in  the  use  of  the  (lower  to  deck  the  coflin  or  graves  of 
the  dead  in  the  olden  times.  The  pure  white  blossoms  of  T.  nicale, 
T.  cernnm  (nodding  Trillium)  and  T.  grand/jhrnim,  might  serve  not 
inappropriately  for  eml)lems  of  innocence  and  piu'ity,  when  laid  upon 


I 


P 


I  \ 


*)'> 


WIIITi:  TIULIJI  M. 


I'; 
I 


Ihc  luciisl  ol'  i!u>  early  (Icatl.  Tlie  (larUcr  and  iiioic  >>aiiLiiiiiM'  hue 
ol'  IIm'  red  s|M'('i('s,  /'.  .sr.s.sv/r,  and  7'.  irriirnitinn.  iiiiiilil  liasc  Imh-ii 
sclcclcd  lor  siicli  as  Icll  i>y  violcnct".  I»ii(  llicx'  arc  l)nl  coiijccliiro. 
A  prettier  name  lias  heen  uiven  to  llie  Xoddiiii;'  Trillium:  that  ol' 
"Smilinu'  WaUe-roliin,  "  wliieli  >eems  to  he  a»oeiated  with  tlie  etHninu, 
oltlie  elieerliil  (•liori>ter  ol'  early  spriniJi'.  "  Tlie  lionseliold  Itird  witli  liie 
rod  stomaelier. "  as  r>i.s|io|>  ("arey  ealU  the  r(»i)in  red-hrea>t.  The  l)ola- 
nieal  name  ol'  the  Tiilliiim  i>  derived  Irom  Irilex.  Iri|»le.  all  the  part> 
of  the  plant  heina  in  three-.  Thii>  we  >ee  the  round  lle>liy  sea|>e 
runii>hed  with  three  larii'e  >ad  Lireen  leaves.  elo>ely  ,-et  round  the 
>teni.  two  or  thice  inches  hejou  the  llowei' :  which  i>  eoniposcil  ol' 
a  caiw  of  //if(c  >e|iaU.  a  coiolla  of  /A/vr  hiriic  snow-white.  oi\  (dse. 
rhocolate  re<lp<'lal>:  the  slyle>  or>ti::nias  Ihrtr :  (»saiy  /A/x,- celled  : 
stamens  .sv'.r.  which  is  a  duplicate  ol' three.  The  while  lloliy  liil)eroii> 
root  i,>  much  \\>vi\  hv  the  .\mericau  School  of  Mcilicinc  in\ari<uis 
disea>e>.  also  hy  the  Indian  heil»  doctois. 

Tillh'iiiii  ij(ni(hj/f)nim  is  tlu'  lari:'e>l  ami  mo>l  >l!owy  ol'  the  while 
specie>.  Trilliiiiit  iilrale  or  "•  loser  >nowy  Trillium,"  is  the  >inallesl  : 
the  la>t  l>loom>  c(//7//  in  Mav.  May  and  Jiine  are  the  ino!ilh>  in 
which  these  llowers  ajipcar.  The  white  llowcred  Trilliiiins  are  siihject 
lo  many  varieties  and  accidental  alteralioii>.  The  ureen  ol'  the 
scj);  is  ol'len  Iraiisrerred  to  the  white  i)ctal>  in  7'.  ii/ra/t' :  some 
are  .ound  handsomely  stri|»ed  with  red  and  L:r<'eii.  and  in  »  ihers  the 
Ncry  short  Coot-stalk  ol'  the  almost  sessile  leave>  are  len^■thelIed  into 
louii'  petioles.  The  lari;e  White  Trillium  i.>  (dianged  previous  t(>  its 
lading  to  a  dull  reddish  lilac. 

The  lied  Trillinms  are  ri(di  hut  somhre  in  colour,  the  petals  arc 
longish-ovate,  regular,  not  waved,  and  the  pollen  is  of  a  greyish  dusty 


h 


WIIITM  TKILLIL'M. 


28 


I 


f 


line  uliilt'  llial  nl'  the  While  .species  is  liiiuht  oiaimc-yellow.  The 
lenses  aro  of  a  dark  lurid  ^reeii.  liw  e(»loiiriii«;-  ii»al(«  r  oC  the  petals 
seeiiis  to  pervade  llu"  leaves;  and  Ihtc.  let  me  ohseive,  that  the 
saiiH'  remark  may  Ite  made  of  many  oilier  plants.  In  purple  (lowers 
we  ol'len  perceive  the  violet  hue  to  l»e  perceptible  in  the  stalk  and 
under  part  of  the  leaves,  and  .sometimes  in  the  veins  ami  roots,  lied 
llowers  a^iaiii  >how  the  ^alne  teii<lency  in  stalk  and  veins. 

'llie  i;i(.(.d-rool  in  il>  early  slaue  of -rowtli  shews  the  ( Man-'e 
jiii,.,-  ill  the  >tem  and  leaves,  so  docs  the  Canadian  15al>am  and 
manv  others;  that,  a  little  observation  will  point  out.  The  colonrin-;' 
mailer  of  llowers  has  always  Imm'Ii,  more  or  le».  a  my>tery  to 
ns;  that  liuht  is  one  of  the  ureal  a-enis  can  hardly  for  a  moment 
be  doubted,  but  xUMcihini;-  also  may  depend  upon  the  peculiar 
, nullity  (.f  the  .juices  that  Mil  the  tissues  of  the  llowt-r,  and  on 
the  cellular  li>>ue  itself.  Flowers  deprived  of  liiA'ht.  we  know,  arc 
pallid  an<l  often  colourless,  but  how  do  we  accoimt  for  the  deep 
crimson  of  the  beel-rool,  the  rose-red  of  the  radish,  the  oran,<>-o  of 
the  rhubarb,  carrot,  and  turni|»,  which  roots,  beini;'  burled  in  the 
earth,  are  not  sid»ject  to  the  solar  rays?  The  natural  suiti»osltion 
would  be  that  all  roots  hidden  from  the  light  would  be  white,  but 
this  is  by  no  means  the  case.  The  (piestion  is  «Mie  of  much  interest, 
and  deserves  the  attention  of  all  naturalists,  and  especially  of  the 
botanical  student. 


Nat.  Okp.  Kan-unculace.e, 


ROCK  COLUMBINE. 


A quileijia  Canadensis. 


I    ! 


1  : 


i  li 


I  ' 


i 


'1  I 


"Tlic  irract'tiil  Columbine  all  blushing  red, 
Bonds  to  \hv  eaitli  licr  crown 
Of  lioui-y-ladcn  bells." 

HIS  o-racelul  llo^ve^  enlivens  us  all  throiiuli  the  months  of 
Mav  and  June  by  its  brilliant  blossoms  of  deep  red  and 
uoldeii  yellow. 

In  li'encral  outline  the  Wild  Columbine  ieseml)les  its 
cultivated  sisters  of  the  uarden.  but  is  more  liu'ht  nnd  airy  from  its 
noddini:'  habit.  The  plant  thro\v>  up  many  tall  slendev  stalks  from 
its  centre,  furnished  with  hnil'y  bracts,  from  which  -pring  other  light 
stems  terminated  l)V  little  jiedicels,  each  be;irinu;'  a  large  drooping 
llower  and  bud  which  open  in  succession. 

The  (lower  consists  of  live  red  sepals  and  live  red  petals;  the 
laitcr  are  IioHowcmI  trumpet-like  at  the  mouth,  ascending:  ihey  form 
luu'row  tubes,  which  are  terminated  by  little  round  knobs  Idled  with 
honev.  The  delicate  thready  |)edicels  on  which  the  blossom  hangs 
('au>c  it  to  droo})  down  and  thus  throw  up  the  honey  bearing  tubes 
of  the  petals:  ihe  little  balls  forming  a  jtretty  sort  of  lloral  ciH'onet 
at  the  junction  w'.di  the  stalk. 


i-1 


I 


w 


|{OCK  COLUMHINK 


ji) 


r 


I 


Tli(>  I 


IIUMIUM 


I  and  cliistcicd  stanicns.  and  live  (lircady  styles  ol 


the  |)i>lil  |)i(»j(M't    hcyoiid   the  liollow  moiitlis  ol'  (lie  pcla!.-.   lik(>  an 
clcuaiil   lioldcn-lViiiLicd  tassel:    (lie  (m1i;('s  and  interior  ol'  the  jx'tals 


ai'e 


also  of  a   l)rii:lit   uoldeii   vtdlow.     These    «;ay  colours   are   wo 


. •outlasted  with  the  dee|t  lireen  o 


r  tiie  loot  leaves  and  hraets  ol'  tho 


llower  >talk>.      'llie  Itraets  are  lobod  in  two  or  three  divisions.     The 
|;,io('r  leaves  are  placed  on  lonj:'  fool  stalks:    eacii  leaf  is  divided  int(t 

twice  or  thrice  lohed.  and  unecinally  notcdie*! : 
ooth  and  of  a  dark  rich  Lireeii.  tlie  under  pale 


three,  which  are  again 
the  upper  >iiiTace  is  sm 
and  whitish. 


As  the  llowers  lade  the  husky  hollow  svvd  pod>  heconie  erect  — 
a  wise  provision  in  this  and  many  other  plants  of  (Irooi)in.u,'  habits. 
<>ivin«>-  the  riiteninu-  mh'(\  better  acc(>ss  to  the  sun  and  wind,  and  pre- 
ventin^i;-  them  frombeini:'  jtrematurcdy  scattered  abroad  ui)on  tiie  earth. 

The  wild  Cohimbine-'  is  [)erenni;d  and  very  easily  cultivated.      Its 
au'crlv   soii!j,hl   out  by  the  bees  ami  iuimming  birds, 
be  sure  to  see  the  latter  ]H)verin«;-  ov(M'  the 


!>soiii>  are  e 


Ol 


II  >iinn\   <laNs  \'ou  ina\' 


briLiht  droopiii-  bells,  exlractiuii-  the  rich  nectar  with  whiidi  the)  are 
soboiiutilhllv  >iipplied.     'lho>e  who  care  for  bees,  and  love  humminu- 


birtl>,    should   plant    the   ;.:rac 


d'lil    redllowered  Columbine   in   their 


garden  borders. 


In  its  wild  state  it  i>  often  round  urowiui;'  amonii"  rocks  and  sur- 

tes  its  roots  into  th(>  cbd'ts  and  hollows 


face  >tone>.   \\  here  H  msinua 


1|-  IH..  M'|.;il>  \villi  a   li.'til  '"■   -■■I'uralr.l  lV..m   \Ur  iv^t  ..rilp-  ll.nxvr,  tlicy   will  lie  I-uimI  t.i  iv~,.inl.K'  il  ■/.'(■• 


run-  tl'c  Uiinii' 


lilu'.iiKiiM',  I'miM  \\\i-  l.;itiii  .■■■lumlni.  a  iIhvc.  —  !>i;.    l!i;i.l.. 


J   !  J    i ' 


1 


.( 


I 

I 


26 


ROCK  (JOLIMIUNK. 


iluil  aic  lillcd  Willi  rich  \cL;-elai)h'  iiioiiid:  iiiul  lliiis.  l)('iiv<>- ol'loii  seen 
iidoiiiiii-  tin-  >1(M':I('  rocks  willi  its  l)rii>lil  crown  of  wiiaImu'  hlos.souis, 
il  h;i>  ol)l;iiiic(l  llic  iiiinic,  in  some  places,  of  Kock  Coia  MIUm;, 


t 


X\i.  ()i(ii.   Ki  M  \i;iM  K.r..  -(Fr.MiToi.'v    Kamii  v. 


8QUIUKEL  CORN. 


Diccnfra   Canadoisis. 


m 


[■ 


fins  lii'accl'iil  plant  Ix'loiiLi's  lo  llic  riimitoiv  liiinily.   of  wliicli 
*  we  lia\c  many  ciiltivatcfl  varieties  in  Britain  and  else- 

wlicic.      Ilcic    oin-    lovely    llowei'    '^lows    wild    in    rich 
i;>^'j  l)la(d«;  miuild  in  the  i'ore.-t.  ami  in  recently  cleared  spots 

within  it>  protectiiiLi  >liado\\.  where  its  drooping'  Ixdls  and  litdi  scent 
ha\('  ::;ained  ioi'  it  the  not  Ncry  ina]>|)ropriate  name  ol'  "  \\'il,i» 
lIvAciNi'ii.""  The  common  name  of  ■•  S(pli^nd-(^•^n""  is  defivi'd  from 
the  I'onnd  oianLL'e  tuliers  at  the  roots,  resend»linLi'  in  si/.e  and  eolonr 
Li'iains  of  Indian-Corn,  and  IVom  their  beiiiii'  a  iaxonrite  ro(>d  with  the 
iiTonntl  s(jnirr(d. 

The  Idossom-  are  ol'  a  pelhici<l  whiteness.  >ometime-  tiniLcd 
with  i'cddi>h  lilac:  they  lurm  a  (Iroojdni:'  I'aceme  t»n  a  ronml  >mooth 
-ca])e.  vjirinuinii'  IV(un  a  >caly  Itiid:  the  coi'olia  is  heart-shajicMl. 
compi»-cd  of  t'onr  pi'tals.  in  two  paii's.  Ilatleiied  and  >ac-iikc.  the  tii)s 
imitcd  i)\('r  the  ^liLiina.  and  sliu^'hlly  projectinu' ;  in  /).  <ii('iiJhiri<t 
a>>iiniiiiLi'  the  likeness  of  tlu'  head  of  a  lly.  the  cream-coloin'e<| 
di\cruinijL  petals  presentinu'  a  >tron;i,'  resemhlance  to  the  deei'-lly  ol 
«inr  lakes.  This  wvy  (diarming  specie.^  is  known  l»y  the  xmiewiiat 
vidLiai'  name  of  ••  l)i;r.i;(  iii'.s  Fi,ow  ;;r"  and  '•  Di  tciiman's  Hukkciiks." 
A  more  de.M'ripiive  name  would  l>e  '•  FiA'-Fl,ow  i;r." 


i 


■;        I 


i 


26 


SiniFKHKL  VOWS. 


All  ill*'  spccio  lldiiiisli  iiiidcr  ('iilli\;ilioii.  aii<l  Itccomc  very 
oniaiMciiliil  carlv  txudcr  ilo\\('i>:  hiil  care  should  Itc  taken  lo  plant 
iheni  ill  rich  Idack  \ ciiclalvlc  nionld.  liic  native  >(»il  of  their  lorest 
l:annt>. 

Our  aiti>t  lia-  clKoen  llic  delicate  r(i>y-tiiile(l  \ariety  as  the 
sdhjeet  til  the  riiilit  lian<l  ll(»\ver  ol' the  plate. 


>.i 


I  1 


1  I 


'■  i 


!   ! 


1  M 


I 


1 


)   i 


^ 


I   I 


-■/       V 


'i: 


ii 


,  ^/ 


ri 


PUKPLE  TRILLIUM. 


DEATH-FLOWER.— BIRTH-ROOT. 


Trillium  eredum. 


\ 


•  RriiiLi'  llowiTs.  luiiiLi'  llowcis  o'er  tlic  liicr  to  slicd 
A  cidwii  I'oi-  till'  liiow  (if  till'  t'lii'ly  (load. 
Tliouii'li  tlii'y  smile  in  vniii  tni'  wliiit  once  \v;is  (nnx. 
'I'liev  arc  luvf's  last  [jilt,  bring  tluwers,  biin|i'  tluwois.' 


IIkmax?; 


'41^^       RAY  and  oIluM'  holanical  writers  call  this  striking  flower 
p^;  (7".  enr/(,,H)  llie    -  Purple    Tr/lliniit :"    it   slioiild   rather 

he  called   Rhd.   it.s  hue  heinii-  decidi-dly  ni(»re  red  tiiaii 
%  purple,  and  in  the  Xew  En^iand  States  it  is  called  hy 

the  coiinlry  folks.  "The  lli^d  Death-Flower,"  in  contrast  to  t!ie 
lariier  While  Trilliiun,  or  ••Wiiitk  Dkatii-Floweu."  For  liirther 
reniark>  on  tins  singular  name  we  refer  the  reader  to  the  description 
of  that  llower  where  all  the  native  varieties  of  the  L;('inis  are  dwelt 
upon,  including:  the  one  now  hefore  ns.  whicdi  forms  the  central 
llower  in  the  ]>rcsent  uroiip.  and  shall  merely  add  that  like  the  rest 
of  this  remarkable  family,  7'.  erertum  is  widely  spread  over  the  whole 
of  Oaiiada.  It  appears  in  the  middle  of  ALiy  and  continues  blo(>ni- 
in^  till  Jime.  preferriuii'  the  soil  of  rich  shady  wo(tds. 


1 


:^l! 


ii 


if ; 


'tl  i 


:U) 


PIUPLK  TKILLIl  M. 


••  |«V\v  of  our  iiiili-viKMis  pliinls  siir|):>s>  llic  Tiilliiiiii  in  clcpmrr 
;,n(l  l)r:nilv.  :iii.l  ihcy  aiv  all  (•n.l..\\('(l  uitli  viiliial.lc  iiuMliciiiiil  pio- 
,„Miir>.  Tlu-  KM. I  (.nlic  I'luplc  'i'rilliiiin  i>  ,-<Mi('r:illy  hclicvcl  lo  l.r 
tl„.  ,u,.>i  iiclivr.  Tiiniiiii  and  \V\\\rv  KxHact  lorn,  hvo  oi'  ils  nn.st 
rnnaiUaMr  in-ivdionts."  So  siy>  that  inlclli-.Mil  writer  (»n  tin' 
i.HMlirinal  plants  of  North  Ani.Mira.  Dr.  ('l.arl(>>  l.rc.  TIumt  arr 
ihivr  o!  the  <lark  JloworcMl  Trillimn  cnunicraHMl  l.v  (iray.  two  ol 
which  appear  to   \w  conmion  to  our  Canadian  soil,    /'.  cnrfiiiii  and 

'/'.  .sr.s.s/A.  The  latter  is  >nialler.  and  ol'len  the  dull  ehoeolate  colour 
.)|'  the  pointed  petals  assumes  a  livid  -reeni>h  hue.  it  is  earlier  in 
(lowerini-    appearin-'  at  the  he-iniun-  ol  May.  at  the  same  time  with 

'/'.  lu'nih.  the  ■•  Dwarf  White"  or  ••  Snow  v  Tiiii.i.nM." 

Under  cultivation  the  llnw(M>  of  all  the  :-pecie>  heeome  very 
onianienlal  :  they  recpiire  lihnds  leaf  mould  ami  nnxlerate  >lKule. 
;iiid.  if  left  lo  urow  undisturhed.  iiicrea>e  ami  continue  to  (lower  year 
after  vear.  in  the  lMu<ler>  <u'  >hrnl»I»ery. 

The  >eeds  when  ripe  are  ea>ily  obtained  ;  ihey  are  hard  and 
i»(.ny.  several  in  ea(di  divi>ion  of  the  three  ccdlcd  cap>ide.  The  root> 
(»f  ihoe  plants  are  thick,  wrild^led.  lle^hy.  and  contain  the  medicinal 
principle  descrihed  bv  Dr.  Lee. 


^ 


s 


\' 


hi 


Nat.  <»iui    (iKit\NiA(  ka;. 


: 


i 


WOOD  GKIL'VMUM 


(!1IANKS-IJILI. 


fi/'i'diiiuiji  inacii/iitiiiii 


wluMc  ll  olh'ii  i'(';icli(-  lo  the  iKMi:!)!  of  IVdlil  'I  lo  'A\  tlirowiliu'  out 
iii:iii\  iHiiiicliC'-  ;i(l(ini(M|  w  illi  dec])  I'l;ii'  ll(t\V('i'>  :  llif  1i;i1I-(»|»('ii(m|  \)\u\< 
;ii('  \('iy  lo\('ly.  The  l)l(»soiii  coir-isl^  of  live  |>('(iil>.  oUliisc  ;iii<l 
sliulilly  iiidciilcd  on  llicir  ii|»|)(M' maru'iiis.  ;iii<l  arc  liiio<l  and  (Iclicalelv 
\  ciniMl  willi  j)ur|>l<'.  The  calyx  consi>t>  ol'livc  jtoiiilcd  sepals:  >! aniens 
Icii:  ilic  anthers  ;ire(»ra  reddish  hiown  :  sl\les  live,  coheriiiii' at  (lie 
lo|».  When  the  >eed  is  nialni'e  these  curl  up.  Iteai'iiiLL'  the  ri|»e  hi'own 
>eed  adherini;'  to  the  base  oC  each  one.  The  eoniinon  inline  Craiies- 
liill  has  been  deri\('i|  iVoin  the  lonii,'  urooN  ed  and  stork-like  heak 
uliii  h  >ii|>ports  the  stigmata.  Tlie  (ireidv  name  ol'  the  plant  means  a 
</rane.  The  whole  phint  is  nune  or  less  hesel  with  sihery  hairs. 
The  leaves  are  <li\ide(l  into  aliont  li\e  jM'ineiiial  seiiinenls  :  these 
again  are  lohed  and  ent  into  sliar[>ly  jioinle  I   irregularly  sized  teeth. 


:{2 


WOOD  (iKIJANIUM, 


The  liU'^cr  liairv  root  Iciixc^  iir*'  ol'lcii  discoloiiivd  witli  red  aiid  piir- 
|tli>li  Molclics.  IVoiii  wliciKM'  llic  spccilic  iiniiie  (inncii/dfii///.)  spoiled, 
lias  IxM'ii  i;'iv(Mi  l>\  l>ol;ini>l>>  to  lliis  species. 

The  llower  sleiii  is  iiiiieli  hnnieluMl  ;iiid  t'liniislied  willi  leufy 
hniels:  tlie  |»rineip:d  lloweis  iire  on  loiii:-  st:dk>.  iisiiiilly  lliree  spi'iin;iii<;- 
IVoui  ii  ceiilial  l)r:iii(di  and  aiiaiii  sidtdis  idiiiu'  into  >iiiailer  l»raii(ddels 
teriiiiiuitiiii;"  i"  l»i"l^  iiio>ily  in  threes,  on  droopinii-  slender  pediecds; 
as  tlie  ohler  and  larii'ei'  hhissonis  I'all  oil' a  Ire  h  sueee-^sion  appears  on 
the  side   hraneiies.   I'nrnishin-i;   rather  smaller  Itiil    equally  heantil'nl 


o\ver>  diM'inii'  nian\  \ve(d\s 


ira\'  uivi's  the  hloondnu  >ea>on  (d'llu 


II 

('rane>-l>ill  I'roni  April   to  -Inly,   '"'it  with  n->  it  rai<dy  ajjpeais  Ixd'ore 

June,  and  may  l>e  seen  all  throiiLih  -Inly  and  Aui;iist. 

This  Wood  CJeranium  is  a  heaiitilni  sj>eeies.  ami  would  no  d()ui)t 
iciiav  the  Iroultle  ol'  eullivation.  r)eside>  heiuLi  very  ornainonlal 
our  plant  pO'>es>e.>  virtue-  which  aic  well  known  to  llic  herhalist  as 
powerlul  astiinu'cni-.  which  ((ualily  has  ohtaiiuMl  lor  it  the  name  of 
■  Ahdii  ran/'  ainoni:;  the  counlry  jteople.  who  apply  a  deeoclion  ol' 
the  root  a>  a>tvplic  Ww  \\oun<l>:  and  .>weetened.  a>  a  Liarule  loi' sore 
ihroai-  and  ulcerateil  iMoiilh:  it  ii  also  iiiven  to  ycMing  children  to 
correct  a  lax  slate  of  the  >y>leni. 

Thir>  oiu'  [ilanl  i-  reniarkahle  I'oi'  it>  n>eriilncs>  ;is  widl  as  for  its 
heaiity. 

A  show\  >pcci('^,  with  lai'u'e  ro>e-<'oloui('d  Howims  and  much 
dissecleil  lea\os.  may  l»c  Tound  on  ><une  ol'  the  locky  i>let>  in  Stoney 
Lake.  Out.  The  >lemlcr  llowci'  stem  is  alioiit  six  inches  in  heiiLihl. 
springing  from  a  leal'y  in\olucrc  which  is  cut  ;md  dixided  into  nniny 
lou'i'  and  narrow  icgments:    llowers  generally   from   one    t(t   three. 


I 


I 


i 


V. 


u 


V: 


WOOD  (iKRAXIUM. 


33 


l(>nniiial  on  the  lilllo  hriiclcd-root-sliilks.     The  seed  vessels  not  s(» 
Itmii-  lis  ill  the  Wood  Genuiiimi. 

lU'sides  llie  al)ove  named  \V(;  have  two  smaller  speeies.  The 
well  known  lli'.Rn  UonKiiT— ^'.  Robaiianvin  or  lu'ti*!  i;eraiiiimi— 
which  is  said  (o  ha\('  heeii  inlrodiieed  Irom  Brilain.  hill  is  hy  no 
means  iineommon  in  Canada,  in  hall"  cleared  woodlands  and  hy  way- 
sides alliacliii|4'  (he  eye  by  its  l>ri,<i,lit  i)iiik  llowers.  and  eU\L:,aiilly  eut 
h'av(>s,  which  heconies  l)ri<;ht  red  in  the  (all  of  the  year.  This 
pretty  >|M'eit's  is  rcnowiKMl  lor  its  rank  and  disagreeahle  odour  when 
handletl. 

Another  small  llowered  species,  with  pale  insi,<>nilieant  blossoms 
is  also  common  as  a  weed  hy  road  sides  and  in  open  woods,  probably 
this  is  a.  pustlum,  smaller  Cranes-bill:  it  also  resembles  the  British 
planC  bill  is  ol'  too  (reipieiit  oeeurrenee  in  remote  loealities  to  lead 
us  to  siip[)oso  it  to  be  otherwise  than  a  native  prodnetion  oC  the  soil. 


K 


I    ! 


1  ; 


Nm.  Oiiit,  PuiMii,\r|.;.»;. 


C111C1vAM:E1)  WlNTElUiRKKN. 


i      I 
I 


Trknia/i.s  A  mcriatnn. 


I 


;  ! 

1  i, 


.-^. 


.i^)j''^llIS  jji'dly  sfarrv-llowcit'il  lilllc  |tl;iiil   i>  rciuMikiililc  lor  llir 
"P:-"        occiinciicc    (>r  tlic    iiiiiiiImm'   x'M'Ii    in    it>   s('\ri;il    |»;ii'(s. 
*^*i^  '""^  ^^'''^  '*"'  ^'"1"'  lime  if'^iinlcd  liv  lH»l!iiiisls  of  (lie  uM 

r^^^\   x'liool  ii>  llic  r('|>r»'s('iit;iti\('  ol'llic  ("lass  II('|»l;m(lriii. 

Tlic  calyx  is  ^rvcii  ]»ai((Ml:  llic  (li\isi(»iis  of  the  dclicalc  wliilc 
(•(ti'olla  also  s<'\('ii  :  aii<l  llic  >laiiicii>  x'vcii.  The  lc;i\c>  roriii  a 
wliorl  al  the  ii|i|)('r  |>ail  of  the  >lt'iii.  iiioslly  IVoiii  live  lo  scscii.  or 
ciiihl :  ihe  IcaN't's  arc  narrow,  lapciiiii;'  at  both  cikU.  oI' a  delicate 
liu.ht-Lireeii.  thill  in  lexlure.  and  of  a  |»lea-^:int  snh-acid  IhiNoiir.  The 
^tar->ha|lcd  (lowers,  few  in  niinihcr.  on  thread-liUc  stalks,  rise  IVoiii 
the  cciilrc  of  llic  whorl  oriea\c>.  wliiidi  thus  lorni  an  insuliici'e  to 
the  |»rclty  dclicaic  >tarry  llowcr>.  This  ittlc  |tlaiit  i>  IVc(|iiently 
I'oiiiid  al  the  i()(ii>  ;»r  l»cecli-trcc>  :  it  i>  lund  oT  >hade,  and  in  li,i;lil 
vcLiCtahlc  mould  rorin-  con>idcral»lc  Itcil.-,;  Ihe  ro{)|>  are  white, 
slender,  and  ril)roii.>  :  it  is  one  of  oin'  carlv  Mav  llowci^,  tliou,i;li. 
unless  (he  month  he  warm  and  licnial,  will  delay  i(>  o]»ciiinii-  some- 
^•vlia!  later.  In  old  lime,-,  when  Ihe  hcil»ali.>ts  i:ave  all  kiiid.-^  of 
(aneiCni  iiamo  (o  (he  wild  |»lant>.  they  would  have  l»e>towcd  siudi  a 
i.ame  as  "  IlKiiiiK  [.\no(  K.\(  if  ii])on  our  mudcsl  lillle  ror(\-i  lluwer. 


! 


LM 


Nat.  Our).  KinfxiHi...— St  u.  Oitit.  I'vuui.k.*. 


swi:kt  wintergkeen 


J*l/rol(t  r/h'/itini. 


Ciiniilijir  iiiiiiic  ••"\VinU'ri;'t('('ir"  1>  iip|)li('(l  l»y  llic  riiiiiidiiiiis 

(()   m.'iiiv  s|K'('i<'s  (>r  (Iwinf  cvcijiTccii  jdiiiils  willioiil   any 

n'rcrciicc  lo  llicir  iialiiral  alliiiities.     The  hcaiitil'iil  laiiiily 

ol    Pvrnlas  >liar«'  \\u>  iiaiiic  in  coninioii  willi  many  oilier 

cliariniiij^'  lori'st  IIowitn  in  ivrcicnct'  to  tlioii'  (.'vergicen  liai)it. 

I']\('iy  nicnihcr  ol  lliis  intcroslinj:-  lainily  is  worlhy  ol'sijecial 
notice.  Kl('i;'ant  in  Un\u  ami  colonrinj;'.  of  a  (h'licatc  IVa-iranco  and 
endnrinu  Ncidurc.  tlicy  a<l(l  to  their  many  altraclions  tlie  merit  ol 
heinLi  almosi  the  \\\>[  i;reeii  tliini:'  t(»  rel'resh  the  ey«'  Ioiill'  \vearie<l  liy 
•la/.inu  on  the  daz/liie''  >noNV  lor  nianv  eonseentive  months  ol'  winter. 

As  the  (lisxilvini;  ernsl  disapixMrs  from  the  forest  beneath  tlie 
kindl\'  ihlliien<M'  df  liie  transient  smiheams  of  early  s|n'ini;'.  the  <lee|> 
iiio>s\-,i:reeii  shoots  of  the  hardy  I'yrohis  peep  I'orth.  noi  timidly,  as 
if  alVaid  lo  meet 


Tlic  siiDW  iuni  Idir.diiiii  sk'i't 


not  -hrinkim:-  from  ihe  (diillim:'  blast  lliat  too  often  ni|)s  the  fair 
piouiix'  of  Apiil  and  May.  biil  boldly  and  (dieerfnlly  bra^■in^•  the 
wor^I  that  tlie  eaprieions  season  has  in  store  for  sneli  early  risers. 


.!l 


1 1 


I ) 


\  I 


'  1 1"' 

ill' 

^  i 

r 

! 


»  j: 

I         ! 


1 


' 


36 


SWKTT  WIXTKUCKEEX. 


All  hriglit.  and  IVosli.  and  j^lossy.  our  WiiitcrgRHMis  como  lortli  as 
tlioii,i2,h  tlioy  IphI  been  perloctini;-  llit'ir  loilot  within  the  sh(d(crin,«i; 
canopy  of  (heir  snowy  chanihors,  lo  do  honour  to  the  new-l)orn  year 
just  awakoniiiij;  Ironi  her  icy  sleep. 

P.  ell/))f/''a  Ibrnis  extensive  ])eds  in  the  forest,  the  roots  creeping' 
with  running  suhterranean  shoots  which  send  up  clusters  of  ever- 
green leaves,  slitihtly  waved  and  scalloped  at  the  edges,  of  a  deep 
o'lossv  iireen  and  thin  in  texttn-e. 

The  name  Pvrola  is  derived  IVoni  a  fancied  likeness  in  the  foliage 
to  that  of  th"  Pear,  hut  this  is  not  very  obvious,  nevertheless  we  will 
not  cavil  at  it.  for  it  is  a  pretty  sounding  word,  far  better  than  many 
a  one  that  has  been  bestowed  upon  our  >howy  wild  llowers,  in  eom- 
])liment  to  the  [)erson  that  first  brought  them  into  notice. 

The  pale-greenish  white  (lower  of  our  Pyrola  forms  a  tall  terminal 
raceme,  the  live  round  petals  are  hollow:  cadi  blossom  set  on  a 
slender  ])edicle,  at  the  base  ol'  which  is  a  small  pointed  bract:  the 
anthers  are  of  a  reddish  orange  colour,  the  stamens  ascending  in  a 
cluster,  while  the  long  style  is  declined,  forming  a  ligure  somewhat 
like  the  letter  J.  The  seed  vessel  is  ribbed  berry-sliaj)ed,  sligjitly 
llattened  ami  turbinate:  when  dry,  the  light  clially  seeds  ■■sca})e 
through  valves  at  the  sides.  The  dry  st\le  in  this  and  most  of  the 
t;enus  remain  ))ersi>tei!t  on  the  caj)siil(\ 

The  number  5  prevails  in  this  |)laiit  :  the  calyx  is  .")  parted; 
petals  5;  stamens  10.  or  twice  hve:  stigma  one.  but  5  rayed:  5  knobs 
or  tubercles  at  the  apex  :  seed-vessel  ")-celled  and  O-valved.  Tiic 
llowers  are  i:(>nerally  from  5  to  10  on  the  sca})e.  Most  of  our  Pyrolas 
are  remarkable  for  the  rich  fragrance  of  their  flowers,  especially  /*. 
rotundi folia.  P.  tUiptica.  P.  incarnafa  and  P.  minor. 


%- 


SWEET  WIXTERGREEN. 


:]\ 


These  llowcrs  arc,  for  the  most  part,  found  hi  rich  woods,  some 
in  low  wet  ojroimd,  but  a  few  prefer  the  drier  soil  of  piny  forests,  and 
one  of  the  linest  and  most  fragrant  of  the  species  grows  frcel}^  on 
grassy  uplands.  The  larger  (lowered  P.  roUuidifolia  (round-leaved 
Pyrola).  Tl\e  exquisitely  beautiful  evergreen  plant  known  by  Cana- 
dian settlers  as  rrhiceJs  Pine  is  a  member  of  the  family  of  Pyrola. 

From  root  to  summit  this  plant  is  altogether  lovely.  The  leaves 
are  dark,  shining  and  smooth,  evergreen  and  fmely  serrated  ;  the 
stem  of  a  bright  rosy-red;  the  delicately  pink-tinted  (lowers  look  as 
if  moulded  from  wax ;  the  anthers  are  of  a  bright  amethyst-purple. 
set  round  the  emerald-green  turbinated  stigma.  The  (lowers  are  not 
many,  but  form  a  loose  corymb  springing  from  the  centre  of  the 
shinino-  otocu  leaves.  There  is  scarcely  a  more  attractive  native 
plant  than  the  Cliinmphila  umbellata  in  our  Canadian  flora. 

The  leaves  of  this  beautiful  Wintergreen  are  hehl  in  high 
estimation  by  Indian  herbalists  who  call  it  Rheumatism  Weed, 
(P/pissewa.)     It  is  bitter  and  aromatic  in  quality. 


) 


I } 


1^ 

s! 


^11    ! 


^  i" 


I- 


..i 


I 


■  ^ 


I 


^ 


J 


<  ■! 


1 1 


4 


I 

I 


'(■■    'I,,'' 


iitj  I  '    li 


'\ 


ti 


Nat.  Oud.  EuicACh^;.— Sdii.  Okd.  Pvuolk^. 


ONE  FLOWERED  PYROLA. 


Moneses  iinijlora. 


% 


fe'lIlS  exquisitely  scented  llower  is  only  found  in  the  shade  of 
'p-«"      the  forest,  in  rich  l)lnck  Ictif  mould,  where,  like  P.  eUiptica, 
it  forms  eousiderabk  beds ;  it  is  of  evergreen  habit.     The 
¥^  leaves  are  of  a  dark  i>Teen  an<l  smooth  surface,  clustered 

at  the  base  of  (he  ruuning  root-stalk  and  sending  up  from  the  centre 
one  simple  scape,  bearing  a  gracefully  nodding  ilower;  each  milk- 
white  petal  is  elegantly  scaMoped:  the  stamen^  8  to  10,  are  set 
close  to  the  base  of  the  petal;  the  anthers  arc  of  a  bright  purple 
amethyst  eoloiu-;  the  style  straight,  with  five  radiating  points  at  the 
extremity  forming  a  i)erfect  nuual  crown  in  shape:  it  is  of  a  bright 
green  and  mucli  e.xceeds  in  length  the  stamen. 

The  s('(M\t  of  th<'  llower  is  very  fme,  resembling  in  richness  that 
of  tlu;  hyarindie.  This  species  is  not  comnnni.  There  is  another 
varietv  of  the  sinde-llowercd  I'yrola  that  is  of  more  frequent  occur- 
iTuce  in  our  woods.  Th(^  llower  is  of  a  greenish  white,  the  anthers 
of  a  browni>h  fawn  coh>ur,  the  whole  height  of  the  plant  scarcely 
exceeding  four  or  live  inehes,  and  the  scent  is  less  fragrant  than  that 
of  the  pure  white  single  Pyrohi  {Moneses  unijlora.) 


,ir 


i   i 


:i-s 


•|    ., 


« 


I  ! 


Nat.  Oro.  Ro=!ACEa:. 


FLOWERING  RASPBERRY. 

Ruhus  OdoratuB. 


9 


^/iA^N  English  gardens  our  beautiful  Red-Flowered,  Sweet- 
iScented  Kasi)beiTy  is  deemed  worthy  of  a  place  iu  the 
shrul)beries,  but  in  its  native  country  it  is  passed  by 
because  it  is  not  an  exotic,  and  therefore  regarded  as  of 
little  worth.-  Like  a  proi»het  it  has  no  honour  iu  its  own  country.— 
Yet  what  can  be  more  lovely  than  its  rose-shaped  blossoms,  from  the 
deep  purplish-crimson  bud  wrapped  in  its  odorous  mossy  calyx,  to 
the  unfolded  (lower  of  various  shades  of  deep  rose  and  paler  reddish 
lilac.  The  ilowcrs  of  the  Red  Raspberry  derive  their  i)leasant  aro- 
matic odour  from  the  closely-set  coating  of  short  bristly  glandular 
hairs,  each  one  of  which  is  tipped  with  a  gland  of  reddish  hue,  con- 
laining  a  swcct-sccntcd  gum,  as  in  the  mossy  envelope  of  the  moss- 
rose  of  the  garden.  These  ai)i,endagcs,  seen  by  the  aid  of  a  j^ower- 
ful  microscope,  are  objects  of  exquisite  benuty,  more  admirable  than 
rubies  and  diamonds.  living  gems  that  till  us  with  wonder  while  wc 
ga/e  into  their  marvellous  parts  and  glorious  colours. 

All  through  the  hot  months  of  June,  July  and  August,  a  succes- 


sion of  Ilowcrs  are  ))i 


it  I'orth  at  the  ends  of  the  branches 


and  branchlet^ 


I) 


I'  our  8n'eet  Raspberry 


An  odorous  eliaplct  of  sweet  suiiunor  biuU 


42 


FLOWERIXG  RASPBEinJY 


Tlie  >hriil)  is  Iroiu  two  to  livo  feet  in  hciiilit.  hriiiu'liiii!;  rnnn  (lie 
wooily  poroniiial  root-slock;  tlio  loavos  aro  from  (lircc  to  live  IoIhmI, 
the  lohcs  poiiilt'd  and  roiiglily  tootliod.  Tlic  leaves  arc  of  a  duilisli 
ii'rccii.  \arviii<;'  in  si/c  I'rom  several  inches  in  ienj;lli,  (o  mere  hracls. 
Tlie  blossoms  are  often  as  lar^'o  as  tliose  of  (he  sweet-briar  and  doi>'- 
rose,  ))nt  when  first  unf(»hled  more  com|)a<'(  and  cn[)  lik(\  The  fruit 
consists  of  many  small  red  grains  arraiiucd  in  the  form  of  an  inverted 
saucer  on  the  rece|»tacle,  and  is  somewhat  dry  and  acid,  more  tempt- 
ing to  the  eye  than  tlie  palate,  but  not  injurious  in  any  denree.  The 
shrub  is  more  attractive  for  its  (lowers  than  its  insipid  fruit.  Wc 
have  indeed  i'cw  (hat  are  were  ornamental  among  our  native  plants 
than  the  Rii'.rs  Odoratis.  Canada  cannot  boast  of  (he  lUiododend- 
roii>  and  Azaleas  (hat  adorn  the  Western  and  Xordiern  Stales,  but 
she  po^sesses  many  attractive  shrubs  that  are  but  little  known,  which 
nourish  year  after  year  on  the  lonely  shores  of  our  inland  lakes  and 
marshy  beaver  meadows.  Ledums  an<l  Kalmias,  with  many  a  fair 
llower  that  wither.'?  unnoticed  and  imcarcd  for  in  its  solitary  native 
haunts. 


F 


Vehonmca. — Nat.  Oud,  Scuoimiclahiack.e. 


SPEEDWELL. 


A^FERTCAX  BROOKLIME. 


1  h'onica  Americana. 


I 


"Flowers  spring  up  luid  die  ungatliorecl." 

X  llio  hiim-iiauo  oC  llowers  llic  blossoms  of  tlio  Veronica  or 
SpetMhvcll  are  said  to  moan  undying  love,  or  constancy, 
"^y^  Jrs?"         '>ut  the  blossoms  of  the  Speedwell  are  riigacions.  I'allini;- 
^  ^-^         (|ui(ddy,  and  tlierelore.  one  would  say,  not  a  good  endjlem 
of  endurance. 

Sweet  sinii»le  llowers  arc  the  wild  Veronicas,  chielly  inhabiting 
dam[)  overllowed  groiind,  the  borders  ol'  weedy  ponds  and  l)rooks. 
I'rom  whence  the  names  of  "  Jiroolvlime"  and  '-^larsh  Speedwell,"' 
"Water  Speedwell,"  and  the  like.  Some  of  the  species  are  indeed 
found  mostly  growing  on  dry  hills  and  grassy  1)anks,  cheering  the  eye 
of  the  i)assing  traveller  by  its  slender  spikes  of  azure  (lowers,  and 
this  is  often  known  by  the  pretty  name  of  Forget-me-not,  though  it 
is  not  the  true  ''  Forget-me-not,"  which  is  Mijosotis  ixdustris,  also 
called  "  ScoKi'ioN-GRAss ;"  the  derivation  of  which  last  name  we 
should  find  it  diilicult  to  trace. 


.Ill 


,\  11 


iA\ 


<  I 


i! 


n 


:'■  \y 


;if 


44 


SPEEDWELL. 


The  subject  of  llie  ele-aut  little  (lower  on  the  ri-ht  hunil  side 
of  the  plate  is  Veronica  Americana-^  American  nuooKLiMi-f-one 
of  the  i)rettiest  of  the  native  Veronieas,  and  may  easily  be  recognized 
by  its  l,ran(.hing  si.ikes  of  blue  flowers,  and  veiny,  partially  heart- 
shaped  leaves. 


I  r 


i     t 


.fi.i,y:  i 


I'l-Arh.   V! 


■:■  cy-'Hil'i-.i  .I'M  H:!hK.yi',ll 


IHI.'    V|.,)-,  ;  •   I 


^  /A'''  ■ItJiiiM    ■  ,;;y.  ■■  ..  ■.   ii 


■ai  '(•'■  vi'll   .V 


Nm,    <»UII.    OIIi'IIIKAi'K.V.. 


TKIJ.OW  LADY'S  SLIIM'KRS. 


j\u'\  'I'Mvu  slippiTs  imrl  lor  Fairifs'  t'eet. 


ji^l^inS  oniiiincntnl  Ijiiiiily  iiro  r(Miinrknl»l(>  alike  for  llie  siii<;ul:ir 

^*P.-"  l.ciuity  <>r  (lu'ii-  llowt'iN.  iiiid  (li<'  ix'cniiar  iirriiii-cinciit  of 

>^^'  111"  iiilenial  oriiiiiis.     In  IIk'  laiiiia'aii  chissilicatioii  tlu\v 

M,f  Nvciv  iiictudcl  ill  <•  unnoii.  with  all  tiio  Oivliis  tribe,  in 


-«.-.«■* 


(li(>  elass  (Jvuaii.lria.  I)iil  in  llie  Xaliiral  Order  of  Jussieu,  wliieli  wo 
have  r..ll(.w(Ml.  Ili(>  ••  l.a.ly's  SliiMH-r"  {Cupnpcdhun.l  lonns  one  of  the 
sul)-(M(lers  ill  the  lieiieral  Oidei'  Oiu nn)Acr,.it. 

Of  the  two  si)eeicvs  represented  in  our  Artist's  gronp,  the  larger 
and  e(>ntral  llower  is  O/in'qH'Jnnupubcsrens,  thesnialler,  C. parvifhmtm, 
or  Li:<si:i!  L  m>v"^  SLii'iMiit.  Tli(«  latter  is,  perhaps,  tlie  more  ele-ant 
and  -laeefiil  ].laiit,  and  is  also  somewhat  fraorant.  The  sepals  and 
p,.tal>  ari>  lon-er  ami  more  spiral,  luit  the  eohmrin-  of  the  li|>  is  not 
s(.  rich  and  vivid  as  in  the  larger  llower,  C.  puhescens. 

Tin'  small  (InWiMcl  jdant  alleets  a  moist  soil,  siieh  as  low  wet 
„u  adoNNs  an.l  open  >wampy  woods;  while  the  larger  species,  better 
known  by  its  more  familiar  name  Moeeasin  llower,  loves  the  open 
woo.llan.ls  and  dri.M"  plains  ;  where,  in  the  month  of  .Inne.  it  may  be 
seen  beside  the  -av  I'ainled  Cup  [Castilleia  coccinca),  the  IMne  Lupine 


;        I' 


4G 


YKLLOW  LADYS  SLIPPER. 


i. ' 


I 


).  the  liirucr  Whilo  TrilliiiiM,  and  otlicr  lovely  wiM  (lowers, 
Irast  lo  llieir  various  colours  iiud  uo  loss 


[L.  /icrennis 

I'orniiim'  :i  clmrnuug  oou 

varied  I'ornb 


The  stem  of  the  lar<j,'er  .Moi'eas,u 


(lower  is  thick  aud  lealV.  each 


hriiiht   ureeu,  iiiaiiv-ner\  e< 


i  leaC  sheathiie'-  the  (lowers  Itel'ore  ihey 


0{»en. 


T 


le  llowers  arc 


droojtnii:'  i;iace 


•ullv 


froui  oiu>  lo  tl-rei'  iu  nuiiihcr:  heut  (brward: 
The  'jLoldeu  s;i«'.like  li|»  is  elegautly 


downwards 


^tl■i^)ed  and  spoit':-'   wi 


sci)a 


th  rn])y  red:  the  twisted  narrow  petals,  and 
ds.  two  iu  nuud)er  of  each  kind,  are  oC  a  i»ale  lawn  coUuu'.  souu'- 
times  veined  and  lined  with  a  dee|ter  shade.  Like  many  others  ol 
the  ticnus.  the  oru'ans  ol'  the  flower  assnuu'  a  sinii'nlar  and  urotesijue 
rocnddance  to  the  lace  ol'  s(jine  animal.  On  liCtini:'  up  the  lleshy 
petal-like  middle  lohe  whirli  jtrott'cts  th'>  stauuMis  and  pistil,  th(>  I'ace 
In^lian  iionnd  niav  he  iniaLiii.cd  :  the  stamens,  whitdi  ar'^  two 


ol  an 


m   niniiii' r.    situated   oiu'   on   citlicr   side 


ol'   the    sicrue    depresse 


il 


•cntral  lolte.  when  the  liowcr  i>  matuie.  Inrn  of  a  dec])  hiown.  and 
nid  c\('>:   thr  blunt  >liL:nia   takes  the   lorm  of  the 


rei-emlilr  two  roi 


no>e,  while  the  >ei)als  look  like  ears.  There  is  .-(unethini;'  jtositively 
comieal  in  the  appearance  of  the  ape-like  face  ol'  ('.  s/tcddh/'/c,  the 
heanlilu!  -howy  Lady'.>  .^lipper,  the  description  of  whi(di  will  l>e  Tound 
to  lace  the  jilate  in    vliieh  it  I'onns  a  ]U'ouiinent  I'eatnre. 

T'he  mo-l  heaulirul  ol' all  the  soecies  is  the  "Sri'Mi-K-^s  i.Aov's 
Si,ii'i'i:i!."  C'lnr/jHi/iiijii  (/'■(iii/r.  of  which  we  will  treat  at  s(uiie  I'litiu'c 
tjiue.  It  iH'ais  !(Mi!o\;il  t(t  ihe  garden  if  planted  in  a  -nilahle 
situation:  hut  .dl  tlic;M'  native  llowers  reipiirc  alleiiliou  to  their 
peenllai'  hahils  and  -oil,  or  ihe\  will  disa{<poiid  Ihe  e.\i»ceialion  ol' 
the  culli\ator  aud  ''i,.!  m  I';  ilui<'.  All  wild  llower>  lrau>|»lai!ted  (Voui 
the  woods  re([uire  shade,  aiid  I>ol:  [»lauts  hoth  moisture  and  shade. 


Nat.  Oiu).   ImnAfK.f".. 


LARGE  BLUE  FLAG. 


#iii 


Iris   I  'crsicohr.     F leu r -de-luce. 


l.ilicN  (if  all  kinds, 

Tiie  lU'iir-(lc-liici;  liciuti'  one. 


W'lNTKii's  Tai.i;. 


;;i%|IllS  l.caiitirul  (lower,  tlic  Lluo  iris,  whicli  loiins  tlio  riglit  luuul 
vPf-""     Ii^'*"<'    '"    '!'<'    a^"<^"l>  <>''   ^l"<"'':i^''»    ll'>^v(M>.    al)(>un(ls  all 
thnui-h  Canada,  and  loniis  one  of  llu'  oniamonts  of  our 
'^^^  low   sandy   llats,   marshy  meadows  and  over-llowed  lake 

shores:  it  deli-hts  in  wel  nunhly  soil,  and  often  lorms  large  elnmps 
„r  venlnre  in  hall-dried  np  i)onds  and  similar  localities.  Karly  in 
sprin-  as  <oon  as  the  snn  has  warmed  the  waters  after  the  melting 
„rthe  ice.  the  >hari.  sword-shaped  leaves  escaping  from  the  sheltering 
sheath  that  enfohled  Ihen.u  j.ierce  the  moist  ground,  ami  appear. 
Conning  \n^^>  of  brilliant  venhnv.  concealing  the  swampy  soil  an.l 
pools  of  stagnant  water  below.  Lat(^  in  the  monili  of  Juno  the 
bnrMin-  bnds  of  ri(di  purple  be-in  to  unfold,  peeping  through  the 
spathe  that  (Mivelopes  them.  A  few  days  of  snnshine.  ami  the 
oraceful  petals,  so  soft  and  silken  in  texture,  so  variable  in  shades  of 
,.„l.,„r.  unfold  :  the  three  outer  ones  relieved,  droop  gracefully 
downwards,    while    the   three    innermosi,   which  are   of  pahu-  tint. 


i,'  \ 


I'!!  I 


'1    i< 

■  i  -J  i 


"|i ' 


. 


M  :i 


it 


48 


sluu'i 


LAllGE  BLUM  FLAG. 


)er  a 


11(1  stilTcr.  styiul  erect  luul  eoiicea 


1  llie  stiuiieiis  luid  petiil- 


r  the   llower,   that    we 


like  .-tiiiiiuiN  whieh  lie  hehiiKl  them:  an  aiTaii-;emeMt  so  suitable  Cor 
the  preservation  ol'  the  IVuetiryin<i-  organs  o 
eannot  tail  to  hehol.l  in  it  tlu'  wisdom  of  the  -reat  Creator.     The 
structure  of  the  cellular  tissue  in  most  water  j.lants,  and  the  smooth 
oily  surCaci^  of  their  leavi's.  has  also  been  provided  as  a  means  ot 
throwin-oirthe  mol;>ture  to  which  their  place  of -roNvth  must  neces- 


ari 


ly  c.\] 


)()se   1 


hem:  but   I'or  this  wise   jtrovision,  which   keeps 


the 


surlace  dry  though  surrounded  with  water,  the  plants  wo.dd  l)ecome 
overchar-ed  with  nu»i>tiuv  an<l  rot  and  decay  loo  rai)idly  to  perfect 
the  ripcnin-' of  their  seeds— a  pr()ee>s  often  carrie<l  on  at  the  bottom 
of  >treani>  and  lakes,  as  in  the  eaM>  ..f  the  Tond-lily  and  other 
aipiatics.  Our  blue  Lis,  however.  d<«es  not  b)llow  this  rule,  bein-; 
only  partly  an  a(|uatie.  but  >tan(ls  (Meet  and  rij.ens  the  lar<>'e  bony, 
three-^ided  seed>  in  a  tlnve-Miled  nn'nibraiuM>us  \uh\.  The  hard 
seeds  of  the  Iris  r'^rs!n>lor  ha\e  been  roa>ted  and  used  as  a  substitute 
for  cojlee.  The  root.  whi(di  is  crcepin--.  lle>hy  and  tuberous,  is 
possessed  of  medicinal  (piaiilies. 

At  present  we  knce.v  of  oiilv  two  varieties  of  the  Iris.  Ins 
versiru/ur.  and  a  tall  >lender  variety  with  paler  blue  llowers  and 
rounder  sca]>es.  The  former  is  the  handsomer  llower.  beiiiLL-  beau- 
tifully varied  with  lii:hler  and  darker  shades  of  blue,  purple  and 
y,. How— the  latter  sluule  bein-'  at  the  base  of  the  llower  leaves. 
Tlioe  are  a^Laiu  veined  with  delicate  lino  an<i  \einin,i;;s  of  darker 
[)urple. 

The  nanu'  Lus.  as  aj.i>lied  to  this  llcuus.  was  bestowed  upon  it 
Itv  the  ancient  (ireeks,  ev(>r  remarkable  for  their  appreciation  of 
the  beautiful,  on  accouat  ol  the  rainbow  tinted  hues  dis[)layed  in  (he 


J  it. 


LAIKIK  BLUE  FLAG. 


49 


llowcrs  (.rinany  of  the  smM-i.s:  ospediilly  u.r  (he  prisnuitlc  colours 
slu.wM  ii.  Ww  lloNvcMS  of  ihc  lai-0  pearly  white  -anlcii  Iris,  a  plant  of 
KasliMii  ori-in.  and  also  in  the  Tersiaii  or  Susiaii  Iris. 

Tlic  Fl<"iii-(h'-lis.  as  it  was  I'onnerly  written,  signilicd  whiteness 
„,  ,,„ntN .  This  was  chan-e.l  to  FlcuMle-luce,  a  eomiption  ol'  FleuF- 
<l,.-L.M.is.  T1h>  l)l..>s(Mns  of  the  plant  having  hoen  selected  l)y  Louis 
tlu'  Seventh  ot  Franer  as  his  heraldic  hearing  in  the  Holy  Wars. 
Th,  llnwers  of  the  Iris  have  ever  heen  lavouriies  with  the  poet,  the 
,,,hitect.  and  scnlptur.  as  many  a  lair  specimen  wrought  in  stone  and 
marble,  or  carved  in  wood,  ean  testdy. 

The  Fleur-dedis  is  still  the  emhleni  of  France. 

Longlelh.ws  Stan/as  to  the  Iris  are  very  characteristic  of  that 
tiracelul  (lower : 

Bcaiililul  lily^-(l\v.'lliii:j.-  by  still  river, 

Or  solitary  iiicre, 
Or  wlu'iv  tlic  shi:^:iisli  ini'adow  l.rook  delivers 

Its  waters  tn  iho.  weir. 

'I'lie  wind  lil'>ws.  and  upliHs  tliy  drooping  l)anner, 

And  a'oiuid  thee  throiiii  and  run 
The  nisiies,  the  :^Teen  yeomen  of  thy  nnuior— 

Ihe  outlaws  of  the  sun. 

0  llenr-de-liiee.  Mnoni  on,  and  let  the  river 

Lin-'er  to  kiss  tiiy  I'eet  ; 
0  ll(,wer  ol'-^nii-,  iilonni  on,  and  make  forever 

'I'lie  world  more  tai.'  and  sweet. 


!  I 


i,'i 


I 


Nat.  Ohi).  Kuicack.k. 


SMALL  CRANBERRY. 


1  'accin/um  Oxjf coccus. 


There's  not  a  tlower  but  shews  some  (niich 
111  tVeeklc,  tVeek  or  stain, 
Ol'U'    unrivalled  i)eueil. 

II  I'M  A  NS. 


^-■iSjbv. 


IIIERE  is  scarcely  to  be  fbiiml  a  lovelicf  little  plant  than  (he 
^^      eummou  marsh  Cianberiy.     it  i.s  of  a  trailing  haltib  ejeep- 
ing  aion;^;  the  gromid,  moling  at  vwyy  Joint,  and  sending 
U^'  up  little  leafy  upright  stems,  from  wiru-h  s[uing  long  slender 

thready  pedicels,  each  terminated  by  a  dcliealc  [xNudi-blossom  tinted 
(lower,  nodding  on  tlu;  stalk,  so  as  (o  throw  the  narrow  pointed 
petals  upward.  The  leaves  are  small,  oC  a  dark  myrtle-green.  revo- 
lute  at  the  edges,  whitish  beneath,  une(pially  distributed  along  the 
stem.  The  deep  crimson  smooth  oval  berries  are  collected  by  the 
squaws  and  sold  at  a  high  price  in  the  Call  oC  the  year. 

There  are  extensive  tracts  of  low,  sandy  swampy  (hits  in  various 
portions  of  Canada,  covered  with  a  lu.vuriant  growth  of  low  Cran- 
berries. These  spots  arc  known  as  Cranbem/  Marshes:  these  places 
ar(^  generally  ovcrnowed  during  the  spring  ;  many  interesting  and 
rare  plants  arc  found  in  these  marshes,  with  mosses  and  lichens 


fe 


I 


a, 


Bl 


SMALL  CRAXREUBY. 


51 


not  to  bo  found  olstnvliero,  low  evcr<>ro(>ns  of  the  lioatli  family,  and 
some  YiUT  |)lan(s  bcloiiiiinu'  (o  tlio  Orchidaceous  tribes,  such  as  the 
beautiful  Grass-pink,  (Cahpogon  puh'helhs)  and  Calypso  homtl/s. 

Not  only  is  the  fruit  of  the  'ow  Craid)erry  in  great  esteem  for 
tarts  an<l  preserves,  but  it  is  also  considered  to  possess  valuable 
nuMlicinal  i)n>perties,  having-  b(>cn  long  used  in  cancerous  ad'ections  as 
an  outward  api»lication— the  berries  in  their  uncooked  state  are  acid 
and  i)Owerlully  astringent. 

This  fruit  is  successively  cultivated  for  market  in  many  parts  of 
the  Xorthern  States  of  America,  and  is  said  to  repay  the  cost  of 
culture  in  a  very  profitable  manner. 

So  nuich  in  reipiest  as  Cranberries  are  for  household  use,  it 
seems  strange  (h;it  no  mlerprising  person  has  yet    undertaken   t 


0 


su|)|)l};the  markets  of  Canada.  In  suitable  soil  the  crop  could  hardly 
prove  a  failure,  with  care  and  attention  to  the  selection  of  the  jdants 
at  a  proper  season. 

The  Cranberry  forms  one  of  ihe  sub-orders  of  the  heath  family 
(Kiicaceu'),  and  its  delicate  pink-tinted  llowers  are  not  less  beautiful 
than  many  of  the  exotic  plants  of  that  tribe,  which  we  rear  with  care 
and  ]»ains  in  the  green-house  and  conservatory:  yet.  growing  in  our 
midst  as  it  were,  few  pers(>ns  that  luxuriate  in  the  rich  preserve  that 
is  made  from  the  rijx'  fruit,  have  ever  seen  the  elegant  trailing-i)lant. 
with  its  liiaceful  blossoms  ami  myrtle-like  Ibliage. 

The  botani(;al  name   is  of  Greek  origin.,   from  oxiis,  sour,   and 
us,  a  berry.     The  i)lant  thrives  best  in  wet  sandy  soil  and  low 


CtiC( 


mossy  marslies. 


\'\': 


I  I 


1, 


II 


1!      .f 


i  ' 


'    if] 


■'/   l.'V     I 


vi 


M     '  •.:■  a:  :  ,  -n'  ■;;m 


3     '-J 


M!/rjUl,/,      |.      Tlifii    II''     I,,/, 


I'l  i-  ;.r-|''l  ■\u\.\     ,■;  K  "rA!-:;  '.!■■ 

•  ill    '«->■    I  ,    I    Iv         .  'ill'|'.[-) 


N 


I 


f 


l^!'.|■■ 


Nai.  ()i!1).   I,ii,iaci;  i:.  -  ((IitAV.) 


WII.T)  ORANGE  LILY 


T 


fjliuin    Vliihtdclphinuii. 


••('(iiisiilcr  ilic  lilicN  (if  Ihc  liclii,  liiiw  tiicy  j^idw  ;  llic_\  toil  iu>t,  in'itlicr  do  tlioy 
s[iiii:  Mini  yet  1  >;iy  iiiitd  xoii,  tliul  SoldiiHiii  in  all  lii.s  j^loiy  was  iidI  arraycil  liko 
one  ot  1  licsc." 


.■^. 


( 


f'ii-- 


fee 


'i5S!S:'""^  ^^'"'^  ^'''y  '^  'Iciivc'l  IVoiii   llic   (N'lllc,  //■    \vliicl\  sl^iiifios 
p*^       whilclic^s;    ;iI-<>    IVoill    the   (il'cck.    lin'mi.        ProUal)!)'    tllO 
«l!it('lv    Lily    (»r  tlic  unidcii.    Liliiini  aoKliilaiii,  was  tlio 
llowci'  to  which  Ihc  name  was  lirst  given,   (Voiii  its  ivorv 
wliilcii<'>^  aii<l  llic  c.\(|iii>ilc  i)(»li>h  (if  its  petals.      ILnvever  (hat  may 

led  ill  our  iiiiiuls  with  Li'raco  and 


he,  the  name 


Lii.v 


e\(M'  associa 


iimih .  and  reminds  ns  ol'  the  Savioiu'  ol'  men,  who  spake  u\'  llio  lilie.S 
of  the  licld,  h<»w  thev  urew  an<l  Ihiurislied  heneath  the  care  of  llini 

Ites  ol'  heautv  more  u'orgeous  than  the  kingly 


\\h()  clothed  them  in  it» 
<>•arment■^  ol  l{o\al  ^'ohnnoii. 

Sir  dames  Smith,  one  ol"  the  nn>st  ('(dehrateil  of  Eiio-lisfi 
l)olani>ls,  snuu'('>'^  'lii"'  >1"'  ''''<'^  allnde<l  lo  Ly  oin-  Lord  may  have 
Leen  Annirijh's  Intid.  or  t':e  (loldeii  Lily  (»r  Palestine— the  bright 
vcllow  id  i—oms  of  a  |)!ant  wh"(di  ahoniids  in  the  litdds  (d'  Judea, 
and  :it  lh:i!  niom(>nt  prohahly  can-lit  hi>  eve  :  their  glowing  C(dour 
aptiv  illn-tr;iting  the  siihje  -t  on  whltdi  he  was  aUonI  to  speak. 


]l  5 


r" 


54 


WILD  ()i:an(;i;  lily. 


Tli<'  liily  li;i>  :i  wide  ^('()ni;i|)liical  iaii|j;(',  iiii«l  iiiav  l)i'  roimd  in 
Hoiiu'  loiiii  ill  cvci V  ciimo. 

Tlino  art'  Lilies  tliut  bloom  williiii  llic  cold  iiilliit'iicr  of  (Ik^ 
(Vinid  y.owv.  as  well  a>  llic  more  l»rilliaiil  species  llial  ulow  beiieiilli 
the  blazing  suns  ol'llie  etjiialor  in  AlViia  and  Soiitliern  Asia. 

Dr.  Ilicliard>on  inenlioiis.  in  liis  list  ol'  Arctic  plants,  Llliiiin 
Pliilmh Iphiiiiiii,  oni'  own  lioriicoiis  oianuc  (or  rather  scarlet-spotted 
Lily.)  lie  remarks  that  it  is  called  by  the  l>(piiniaii.\  ".MfMSil-ltnoT." 
from  the  I'act  that  it  is  much  >oiii:lit  alter  by  llie  licld  mice,  wliiidi 
feed  ni»oii  the  loot.  'I  lit>  poiriipinc  al>o  digs  lor  it  in  the'  sandy  soil 
in  whitdi  il  delights  to  grow. 

In  Kamlsehalka  llie  /j/'/l/nni  ji'inipniiiinu  is  used  by  the  nati\('sas 
an  artide  ol'Ibod:  and  in  Mu.-covv  the  white  Xarcissiis  is  roasted  as 
a  substitute  lor  !)rea(i. 

Tlu'  liealing  (pialities  of  the  large  white  Lily  roots  and  leaves 
are  well  known,  applied  in  th;'  form  of  a  poultice  to  sores  and  boils. 
Thus  are  beauty  and  usefulness  nnite<l  in  this  most  attractive  plant. 

'Ihe  subject  of  our  Jirlist's  pencil,  the  Okangk  Lily,  is  widely 
hpread  over  this  portion  of  the  American  continent,  as  well  us  in  iho 
more  sunny  Western  States  of  Xoith  America. 

\N  e  find  it.  h(»wever,  more  fi(([uently  growing  on  open  plaiii- 
laiMls,  where  the  M)il  is  sandy  loa;n.  In  partially  shaded  gras.sy 
thickets  in  oak-openings,  in  the  months  oI'.Iihk,'  and  duly,  it  may  be 
seen  mixed  with  the  a/.ine  blue  Lupine  {Liij)/ntis prrcnnis),  the  golden 
Ilowered  Mocca>iii  {('///x/jx'diiiiu  /nihrsnns.  /*i/n)/a  nitiiii(f//o(/a,)  the 
large    sweel-scenled     Wintergieen,    and    other    charming    summer 


WILD  OIIANCM  LILY 


55 


n 


owors.     i 


\ni<)ii<'-  llicsc  (.III-  ii!iv  !iim1  uorucoiis   Tiily  slands  conspi- 


CllOIIS. 


Tlicslcm  islVoiii  l.'.lo  'JIVcl  liinh.  Tliclcavcsarc  iiarrow-poin 


led 


)(■  ;i  (lurk  ui«M'M  cidoiir.  -lowiii'^'  in 


\vli(»rl>  :it  iiilciviils  round  (ho  Av\\\. 


The  llowcrs  me  IVom  1-:'.:   Inr^c  open  hells,  u\'  a  rich  (tninuc-scin 


let 


within,  spotted  with  |»iirpli>ii-I>ro\vii  or 


'•lack,     Tlic  outer  smliicc  of 


the  |)etals  is  pale  orange;  anthers  six.  on  lon,i;'  liiainents;  jxdlen  of  a 
brick  red.  or  l)ro\\n  cohinr;  sti,<;nia  three  cleK.  The  Lily  heloiii^H 
to  the  artificial  class  and  order,  //c.nutdr/n  womujijula. 

Manv  (lowers  increase  in  heaiity  of  coloin-  and  si/e  under  culti- 
vation in  our  iiardens,  Imt  our  ulorious  Lily  can  hardly  he  seen  to 
greater  advantage  than  when  t:rowin;z  wild  on  the  open  phiins  and 
prairies,  under  the  hri<;ht  >kies  ol"  its  native  wilderness. 


I 


'[•■ 


,1) 


N  \T.    (lull     CVMI'AM  l.\i  t.A. 


CANADIAN    II  AUHBELL. 


Caiii/xiniild  lintmiiiifolia. 


I  ' 


■•With  (Iroiipiii.L'  lii'lls.  (.f  pinv-l  l>liu> 
Tlinii  (lnl>t  altiact  my  i'liiMi>li  vi.'A-, 
Aliim^l  ii'x'iiililini:' 

Till'  il/.UIv   llllttrrllirs  ll    ll    11  'W. 

W  liciv     llini    till'   ll'Mlll    lliy    l'l'i>^i»">^  r'''"^^ 

Si)  li^ililly  liviiililiii:^." 

]g|lll-:  same  rlKUiiiiii- writer  liiis  alx.  <'allc.l  ihr   IhiivWdl  -  llic 
'p'-''      Flower  ol'   M.iimiv."   an. I    inilv    lli.'     "  ilU    of  tlicx'    lair 
^^/9'  Mowers,  wli.'ii  IniiiKl  in  l.-iirlv  >im.1^  in  raiia<la,  haxMTieil 

B;f  one    Inrk    in    llinii-l.l    L.    llie    wiM    l.ealheiy    nmoi^   or 

svlvau  lalle:^  of  tlie  inollier  eountiv. 

■■  I  think  iipitii  the  iu'alin'iy  liills 

1    nc   li;[i'   li.'r'l   -ar   ilrai  I)  '. 

I  think  iipnn  Ihr  wiihiiHiu  Imrn 
That  wamk'H'il   I'y  >ai'  chMiiy.'' 

r,iii    .>\ivaii    woode'l    Ian.-,    au.l    ImmiImtv    .)i-lan.l>    are    not 

,.l,aia.'t.'r>  ol' our  Caiia.liui  >.-eiieiy,  aii^l  if  we  uoiil.l  >eek  the  llare- 
l,,.il,  we  >liall  fni.l  ll  .Ml  lite  .hv  -ravelly  luiilss  ..f  lak.s  or  rivers,  or 
ruekv  i>lels.  for  tlioe  are  il>  nalive  liamils. 


CANADIAX  IIAIMir.KLL. 


67 


Allliniiiili.  ill  rdloiir  :iiiil  sliiipc  ol'  llic  hlossoiM.  Ilir  (';iiiiiiliiili 
(lower  icxiiiMo  llic  l)iili>li  <tii(',  il  i>  iiioic  loltiisl  in  its  ^rowlli, 
less  riiii;il('  llic  lldwrr  siciiis  iM-iiii;'  .vluiilcr.  iiml  (lie  lool-slalU  or 
|i(M|ic('l  slill(  r  ;iii(l  los  |M'ii(liil()iis.  mid  \r\  siilliciciilly  i;rii('criil.  Tlio 
I'ool  IciiNcs,  wliicli  iiic  not  vers  coiisiiiciioiis  (liiiinu;  its  llowcriiiij; 
scilsoii.  iiic  loiiiid.  Iir;iil->|iii|>('<l.  Tllo>('  ol'  (lie  How cr-slcill  illO 
iiiiiiK'ioiis,  :i:iirow  iiiid  jioiiilrd.  This  |inil\  Ihtwcr  is  Miriiiltlc  in 
ruloiir  and  lolianc.     lis  iicncral  lloworiniL;  si'a.soii  is  .)nl\  and  AuLinst. 

The  ('oi'olia  is  licll-sliaiH'(l  oi-  (•:iiii|taniilal(' ;  f)  clcl'l  ;  calyx 
iol»c>.  ;i\\l  >lKi|tcd.  |M'r>i>(ciil  oil  the  x'cil  \('»cl  :  >lani(Mi>  .'».  slylc  1, 
s(ii:iiia>i;:  seed  \r»('l  x'Xcia!  ceiled  and  many  seeded:  in  lieiulit 
(lie  plaiil  \aiies  IVoiii  a  lew  inches  to  a  loot  ;  niinil)er  ol'  llowt'is 
\aryiiiu"  IVoni  a  lew  lo  many. 

we  liaxc  lull  lliree  km)wn  species  in  Canada,  C'diii/xnnila 
Ann rIfiiiKi.  "'a  lar^c  handsome  s|tecies  hvinL^'  round  in  Western 
Canada:'"  and  ('.  oiKtrinoii/ts.  The  roiiL:li-Iea\('d  r>ellllowei' i>  round 
ill  niai>lie>  and  in  tiiickels  wliei'e  the  soil  is  |»o(»r  Kill  the  atiiio>|(hei'e 
iiioi>t  :  il  is  ol' a  ciimlmiu'  or  rather  cliim'iiiL;'  lialtit  :  the  weak  .-lender 
stem,  many  l)ianclie<l.  laying,'  hold  ol'  the  !:;ras>es  and  low  >lirnl>s  ihat 
sniroiiiid  it  lor  >ii|tj»oit.  whi(di  it>-  roni;h  teeth  eiialde  it  to  do  \('iy 
(drectiiall\  :  in  liahit  it  re>eml>Ies  the  smaller  (Jidiiini,  or  Liidy's  l»ed. 
straw.  The  delicate  hcll-shapiMl  llowers  are  maikeil  with  line  pnrple 
line-  within,  at  the  hiise  (d'  the  white  c(n'(dla.  The  lea\'es  of  this 
sjMcio  are  narrow-linear,  roiiuii.  \\ith  minnt(dy-toothe<l  hair>  :  the 
llowers  are  lew,  and  lade  vi>ry  ({nickly.  The  name  cumj)aiuila  i>  I'roni 
i'tiii/jnina,  a  bell. 


il 


'  I'lnlo.ssiir  iliiii'ks. 


58 


CANADIAX  HAREBELL. 


Tlie  lliurbell  lias  oftcMi  foniKMl  tho  (Ikmiic  of  our  huxUm-u  poets, 
as  illustrative  of  grace  an<l  li-htness.  lu  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  we 
liave  this  pretty  couplet  wheu  descrihin--  Elleu  : 

'•  E'en  tlic  lidit  Ifan'lH'U  laiscd  its  head. 
Elastic  Iroiii  licr  airy  t!';>ail."" 

Our  Artist  has  availed  herselC  of  the  Canadiau  Harebell  to  give 
R,iry  lightness  to  her  group  of  natives  flowers. 


.11   I 


Nat.  Oku.  Orciud.vce.h. 


SHOWY  LADY'S  SLIPPER. 


Cypr/))C(Jiim  spcdahile. 


(MOCCASTX  FLO>VER.) 


]]u\  ye  liiivo  lu\cly  Icnvcs,  wliorc  we 
^!;ly  sec  Ikiw  sddii  tliiiius  lisivo 
Tlii'ir  end,  tlio'  w'vv  m)  Iniivc; 
j\ii(l  iilUT  tlicy  liiivf  lilodUiL'd  awliilo, 
Like  us,  tliey  sink 

Into  the  grave. 


Heuuick. 


It 


-■^i^^-'MO\(i  tlu'  inanv  rare  nnd  l)enutifiil  llowers  that  adorn  onr 


^-.M.  native  w()()(l.<  and  wilds,  few.  if  any.  can  comiKire  with 
^p^  the  h)vely  jdants  l.(d..ii-i.-  to  Hit'  lamily  to  whiidi  the 
^■4^P  cential   Howei"  of  our  Aiti^fs   oToup  hdon-s.     Where 

nil  are  so  wortliy  ol  notice  it  wasdilhcuU  to  nnik(>  a  choice;  happily 
there  is  no  rivalry  to  contend  with  in  the  case  of  our  Artist's 
prel'erences. 

There  are  two  l)cantifnl  varieties  ol'  the  species,  the  |.iid;  and 
wliit(>.  an<l  purple  an<l  wiiite  LadyV  Slipi-er  {CupripuLiu,  .S/rc/a- 
b^/e),  better  know.,  hy  the  huniliar  local  name  of  Moccasin-Flower, 
a  name  common  in  this  country  to  all  the  plants  ol  this  familv. 


m 


t 


I,;"' 


'I  f 


1  » 


( ' 


;'ii' 


CO 


.^IIOAVY  LADYS  SLiri'KR. 


A\'liotlu'i"  Avc  v{'i:;ir(l  llirsc  cliariiiiiiu,'  llnwcrs  lor  llic  siii'j^iilarily 
of  llicir  [\)\\\\.  lilt'  (■.\(|iii>it('  IcMiiic  of  llicir  lis>iics.  or  (he  delicate 
lileiuliii;:,'  oC  their  eoIoiir>.  \\v  iiiii>t  aekllll\\le(l^■|'  llieiii  to  l»e  altoL;'0- 
tlier  lo\('ly  ami  worthy  ol' our  a(hiiiratioii. 

The  >iil»jeet  ol'  the  liLi'iiie  in  our  |)late  is  the  I'iiils-liowei'od 
^loeea>iii:  it  is  chielly  to  he  roimd  in  damp  'iioiiiid.  in  taiiiai'aek 
swamps,  and  near  forest  ere(d\s.  w  JH'i'e  in  '_iron|)>  ol'se\'eral  steins,  it 
a|t|»ear>.  >ho\\im:il>  [inre  Itio.-xnns  anionu'  ilie  raid<  and  eoarx'i' herh- 
aiie.  The  >teni  ri>es  t(»  the  hei^lit  (d'  iVoni  IS  inche>  to  2  feel  hiuii. 
The  hM\e>.  NNJii'di  aie  laru'e.  o\ale,  many  nfr\ed  and  plaited,  >liealh- 
im:  al  the  lia.-e.  eloihe  ihe  lle-hy  >iem.  wlmdi  terminate  in  a  single 
^harp  poinleil  hract  al)i'\c  the  llowcr.  The  llowers  are  terminal,  from 
one  to  ihree,  rarely  more:  tlionnh  in  tho  lar'^'e  pnrple  and  white 
Lady'^  Slipper.  lh<'  older  and  >ti'om:('r  plant>  will  occasionally  thiow 
onl  three  or  four  lilo>.>onr'-.  Tlii-  \ariet\  i>  found  on  the  dry  plain- 
land.--,  in  Lii'a»y  thickets.  aminiLi-  the  oak  n|irniiiL:'>  ahoNc  llice  l.ake. 
and  t'a>t\\ard  on  the  hilU  aln  nc  the  IliNcr  Trent.  This  i^  ino-t  likclv 
the  plant  docrilx'd  l»y  (Iray:  the  -oil  ahme  hein^i'  dilfei'ciit.  The 
imloldeil  lind>  of  this  >pecie>  arc  nn)-t  lieantifnl.  lia\inLi'  tiic  appear- 
ance of  >lii:litly  llatlcneil  iilobo  of  dt'licalely-liiileil  primros*'  eolonre(l 
rii  c  paper. 

Tiic  laru'c  >ac-like  iidlatcd  lip  (>{'  onr  Alocca>in  llower  is  slightly 
deprc"cd  in  Ironl.  tim:'cd  with  ro-y  pink  and  >triped.  The  pale  ihin 
|»cia!>  and  >ep;d.s,  two  of  ea(di.  are  whitish  al  lir-t.  Imt  turn  I»ro\\n 
when  llic  tjdwei'  i,>  imnc  ad\ance(l  towai'd  maturity.  The  -cpals 
max  he  di-tiii'j.ni-he<l  from  the  peiaU:  the  former  IwiuLi'  longer  than 
the  hitler,  and  Wy  hciii'.:'  unlteil  al  the  haek  (d'  the  Ihiwer.  The 
eohimii  on   which  ihe   ^tameii>  are   |tlaced   i-   ihree-lohed  :   the   two 


i 


^■1 


SHOWY  LADY'S  SLirPER. 


CI 


anllicrs  arc  idaccd  one  on  citlier  side,  under  the  two  lobes  ;  the 
cenlral  lobe  is  sterile,  thick,  (leshy,  and  bent  down — in  our  species 
it  is  somewhat  blun(  and  lieart-shajxMl.  The  stigma  is  obscurely 
{jiree-iobcd.  The  root  ol"  the  Lady's  Slipper  is  a  bundle  of  white 
fleshy  libres. 

One  of  the  remarkabU'  characteristics  of  the  flowers  of  this 
genus,  and  of  many  of  the  natinal  order  to  which  it  belongs,  is  the 
singidar  r*'  "mblance  of  the  organs  of  the  blossom  to  the  face  of 
some  aiiini,  I  or  insect.  Thus  the  face  of  an  Indian  hoimd  may  be 
seen  in  tlie  <  iolden-lh)werc(l  ()//)('r/i»hiiii  jnih('sce»s;  that  of  a  sheep  or 
ram.  with  tli"  horns  and  cars,  in  C.  ar/diinoii :  while  om-  "SliowY 
Lady's  Si.ii'1m:i!."  (C.  specfabi/c,)  displays  the  curious  face  and  peer- 
ing black  eyes  of  tlic  aj)c. 

One  ol'  the  rarest  and.  at  the  same  time,  the  most  beautiful  of 
these  llowers,  is  the  •' Sti;mli.-s  I>ai»v"s  Sijim-kii,"'  (C.  acaidc,)  a 
figure  of  which  will  apjicar  in  our  second  volume. 

It  is  a  matter  of  wonder  and  als(»  ol'  ix^gret.  (hat  so  few  persons 
have  taken  the  trouble  to  ,-eek  out  and  cultivate  the  beautiful  native 
])lanls  with  whic'  our  cinnitiy  al)()unds.  and  which  would  fully  reward 
them  for  their  p.iin>.  as  oriiamenl>  t(»  the  garden  border,  the 
shrublx  ry,  the  rookery,  or  the  green-house.  Our  orchidaceou.s 
plants  alone  would  be  regarded  by  the  foreign  florist  with  great 
interest. 

\  time  will  conu'  when  these  rare  productions  of  om-  soil  will 
<lisappear  IViun  aniou'i  u>.  and  can  be  I'oimd  only  on  lho~e  wa>te  and 
desolate  }»lacc>  »here  the  foot  ol  civili/ed  man  can  hardly  penetrate  ; 


it 


II 


f  I 


m 


r 


m 


.11 


V ' 
If 


62 


SHOWY  LADTS  SLIPPER. 


where  the  flowers  of  the  wilderness  flourish,  bloom  and  decay 
unseen  but  by  the  all-seeing  eye  of  Him  who  adorns  the  lonely 
places  of  the  earth,  tilling  them  with  beauty  and  fragrance. 

Foi  whom  are  these  solitary  objects  of  beauty  reserved?  Shall 
we  say  with  Milton  : — 

"  Thousands  of  unseen  beings  walk  this  e<.  -th, 
Both  while  we  wake  and  while  we  sleep: — 
And  think  thoUjTh  man  were  none, — 
That  earth  would  want  specUtors— God  want  praise." 


^fli 


T.c 


I  i 


!i  '' 


ri 


Hi 


rfi 


I 


rl    1 


,M 


;     )     I 


I  I 

1  ; 


<l« 


■^ 


Nat.  Okd.  HosACEiB. 


EAELY  WILD  ROSE. 


Rosa  Blanda. 


"Nor  did  I  wonder  at  the  lilies  Avhitc, 
Nor  praise  the  deep  vermillion  of  the  rose." 


Shakespeare. 


"  The  rose  looks  fair,  but  fairer  we  it  deem, 
For  that  sweet  odour  which  in  it  doth  live." 

Shakespeare. 

'UR  Artist  has  given  us  in  the  present  plate  a  charming 
specimen  of  one  of  our  native  roses.  The  early  flowering 
Rose  {Rosa  blanda)  is  hardly  so  deeply  tinted  as  our 
dwarf  wild  rose,  rosa  kcida,  but  both  possess  attractions 
of  colour  and  fragrance  ;  qualities  that  have  made  the  rose  to  be  the 
them,  of  many  a  poet's  song.  In  the  flowery  language  of  the  East, 
beauty  and  the  rose  seem  almost  to  be  synonymous.  The  Italian 
poets  are  full  of  allusions  to  the  rose,  especially  to  the  red  damask 
rose,  which  they  call  "  purpurea  rosa." 

A  popular  song  in  the  days  of  Charles  the  1st  was  that  beginning 
with  the  lines — 

"  Gather  your  roses  while  you  may, 
For  time  is  still  a  flying, 
And  that  same  flower  that  blooms  to-day. 
To-morrow  may  be  dying." 


n 


'Mt 


CI 


EAIU.Y  WTT.D  ROSE. 


if 


''Mil 


'■I 


The  l('!iv(>s  of  yosa  hhtuda  :iro  j)!il('  undcriiciidi  :  Iciillrl;:  five  to 
seven :  llowcis  l>lii>Ii-|>iiik ;  siciii  iiol  very  prickly:  IViiil  red  juid 
round  :  tlu'  luisli  I'loni  one  to  tliit'o  IVcl  in  Iiciulit. 

Another  of  our  dwiirl'  wild  roses.  A*.  Jucidw,  is  widely  dillused 
over  Ciinjidii  :  it  is  lound  on  ;dl  open  |)liiin-lands,  l)ut  shuns  tiie  dcoj) 
shade  of  the  I'orest. 

Tht>  hark  ol'  this  wild  rose  is  of  a  hriLiht  red.  and  the  vonnir  wood 
is  armed  with  l)ii>lly  |»iiekles  of  a  ti,reyi>h  eolour.  When  ,i;rowi"'>;  in 
shade,  the  half  Mpeiied  llowcrs  and  hiids  are  of  a  deep  |tink  or  ear- 
mine,  hut  vheie  more  e\|io>ed  in  snnny  spots,  the  petals  fade  to  a 
pale  l»ln>h-('olonr.  This  shinh  heeonies  somewhat  (ronl)lesonio  if 
eiieoinaLiid  in  the  li'arden.  from  the  rnnnin<i'  roots  whi(di  .^end  up 
many  .-Imols.  in  it>  wild  state  the  <lwarf  rose  s(ddom  exceeds  three 
leet  in  lici;^iit :  it  is  the  x'cond  and  older  wood  that  hears  the  (lowers  : 
the  llowci'  lieariiii:' hianches  become  al!m)st  smooth  or  only  rennttely 
Ihoiiiy,  The  leallels  vaiy  in  ninnher  from  live  to  nine:  they  are 
sh  iipl\'  >eiiat(  d  at  the  cd^cs.  ami  smooth  on  the  surface  :  the  globu- 
lar -carlel  finil  is  llatleniMl  at  the  eye  :  of  a  pleasant  sub-aeid  taste. 

This  beaut ilul  rc(l.bark<'d  rose  i^i'ows  in  Lii'cal  profusion  on  the 
huckleberry  pi, tins  above  Rice  Lake,  clothing'  lai'iic  tracts  of  hill  and 
dale,  and  scent iiii:'  the  eveninu'  air  at  dew-fall  with  its  delicate  frii- 
Uiaiice. 

There,  is. or  use(l  to  be.  a  delicate  |)ale  llowcred  biiai"  ros(\  having 
sniiill  fojiau-e  and  nnnu'rous  blo»oms  of  a  low  braiudiinLi'  habit  i;row- 
iuLi'  in  the  liiuh  oak-hills  in  the  lowii>liip  of  IJawdon.  1  have  never 
seen  the  Ihiwcrs  myx'lf,  but  have  heaid  the  plant  desciibed  as  a  rare 
species.     The  Swa.mi'  Rosh,  Rosa  Carolina,  is  not  uncommon;  it  is 


KAIJLY  WILD  I{r)SI<:. 


65 


oricii  seen  urowiiiL!;  ill  (lie  miiruiii  of  Inkcs  iiiid  rivers,  iiiid  ul  llic  ('<l<;'es 
ol'stony  islaiuls  ;  i(  will  cliiiih,  l»y  aid  ol'siiiiporliiii;'  liccs.  lo  llic  li(>i!j;lit 
of  ciiilil  and  l(Mi  Iccl,  The  llowcrs  arc  of  a  soukmyIuiI  itiirplisli  tiiig'o 
of  |»iid<.  'riic  leaves  arc  wliilish  iiiidonieutli  :  lliis  rose.'  is  armed  willi 
rallicr  stoiil  |>ri(d\les  hclow  on  llic  old  woody  steiii  hut  .snioolhcr 
iil)ove:  llic  (lowers  are  more  clustered  liuui  in  either  ol'  the;  other 
species. 

Tlic  sweet  hriar  is  often  found  iirowin^'  in  waste  jdaees.  and  in 
thi(d<ets  near  elearin;j,s — uo  douht-  the  seed  has  iiecii  carried  thither 
l)y  birds. 

Tt  is  verv  possible  that  other  varieties  of  the  rose  tribe  may  yet 
be  found  native  to  Canadian  soil,  but  the  above  named  are  our  only 
known  si)ecies  at  [uesent. 


m 


■  ml 


I  ¥ 


NaI'.    Old).    SciiUI'lll  I.AUlACK.Iv 


PENTSTEMOX  l5E.\UI)-T0\(iUE. 

J\  iitf-f(  moil  jiiilxsrciis. 

"Flowers  spring  mi  mid  die  imgiitlu'ri'il." 

fM'M"^^^''-  ^^ild  IN  iilstcnioii  i>  ;i  slciidci'.  clcLiatil  itraiicliinu'  plant,  not 
imliKc  ill  (till  line  to  llir  Iox-liIon c.  The  lldwcrs  aic  dcli- 
Hf.tjii;  catclv  >lia(l<'(l   lioiii    while   !(»  pale  a/iiic  Miic.  soiiicliincs 


■'iitAy- 


'Si' 


\ai\  iiiLi'  lit  (l('('|i(  !■  I»liic.      I  lie  cdKilla  i>     II  iiillalcu   -Icii 


11: 


del'  liilic.  xtjiicwlial  ilallriMMJ  oil  the  ii|i|>cr  side,  willi  a  liuid  liiir 
iiassiiiLi'  troiii  ill''  l>a-('  of  ilic  liilio  lo  ilic  iipiirr  lip.  TIm'ic  ar( 
;il>o  two  Iicanlfil  !iiH'-  wiiliiii.  The  lower  lip  i>  llircc-clcri  and 
sliulitly  projcctiiiL:- Ix'voiid  llic  |\\(i-IoIm'(I  ii|»jmt  lip  :  the  staiiicns  arc 
live.  I»ii1  (»1M'  i-  sterile  and  lliiekly  Ih-et  with  hue  while  hairs  (or 
Itearded).  The  iiaiiie  is  deri\cd  IVoiii  a  (ireek  word  siuiiil\  iiiu,'  //Vt'. 
The  root  lea\t'--  are  l»roadl\'  laiieeolale  and  eoar>eI\'  lixdhed;  th(! 
iip]ier  or  sleiii-lea\e  iiairowei'.  ami  nearly  claspiiiL:'  the  stein,  The 
llowcrs  irrow  on  lon'j'  InaiKdiinu'  -talks  in  a  loo-e  |taiiiele. 

The  plant  i>  perennial.  IVoni  one  to  two  jrct  in  height:  it  seems 
addielt  d  lo  dry  "j.ia\e||y  >oil  on  riser  'lank-  and  dry  pastures.  The 
Jieaid-lonuiie  w  oil  Id  i»e  well  worthy  ol  Cult  i\  alioii ;  ihoii^h  le>s  slntw  v 
than  the  iiaideii  \arielie-.  it  i>  not  le-s  heanliliil  and  keep>  in  hlooni 
a  loiii:'  lime.  IVoni  .Inly  to  SepleiidM'r:  it  miuhl  l>e  iiii\e(l  with  the  red 
llowerinti  plants  ol' the  garden  lo  t:real  ad\anlaL;,'e. 


i 


'!! 


f 


( i 


I 


'■f 


;! 


,p 


(iUAY. 


Nat.  Ohi>.  NvMi-iiAJAtKA 


SWEKT  SCEXTKI)  WATHR  LILY. 


Xi/nip/iaxi  Odontia. 


"Hticlvt'il  'iciilly  llicic  till'  liciiiHiliiI  Xyiii|)li;ra 
J'illows  lici  \hvA\1  licml." 

Cai.kmiku  hk   F|,(I\VKIUW. 

ivJ^V.>'<>N'I)-I.II-V  is   llic    iiniiiilar   hmiiic    1«v  wliicli  this  hciuiliriil 
iKjiialic  pliiiit  is  known,  nor  can  we  lin<l  it   in  our  lu'iirls 


V/*!!?<\  )<>  K'iccI  llic  name  (»!'  l.ii.v  lor  lliis  ornanu'iit  ol' our  hikes. 


-•.'.ri 


s") 


^''ipii  The   While   N_\  nipha'a  ini-hl    in<h'e<l  he  lernied   "Queeii 

ol'  tlie  Lake>."  I'or  lrnl\  ^he  sils  in  regal  |»ri(le  n|>on  JK-r  watery  throne, 
a  veiv  (jiieeii  among  liowcrs. 

\'cr\  lovel\  are  I  he  Water  Lilies  of  Knghind,  hut  their  (air 
histers  of  the  New  World  excel  them  in  si/e  and  IVagranee. 

Many  of  the  Irihe  to  whi(di  the>e  plants  l)elong  are  natives  of 
(he  ton  id  /one.  Itul  oui'  White  Pond-Lily  {Xi/iiiplKrc  odomta,)  and 
(he  Yellow  [XiijiJidr  diirdid.''  and  Xdjtlinr  Kahiu'(Ui<i  only,  are  able  to 
i^iipport  the  cold  winter  ol'  Canada.  The  depth  ol'  the  water  in 
which  thevgrow  enahles  them  to  withstaml  the  cold,  the  IVost  rar(dy 
])enetraliiig  to  their  roots,  whi<di  are  I'ougli  and  knotted,  and  olten 
as  thicdv  as  a  man's  wri>t  :  white  and  lle-liy.  The  root-stock  is 
hori/.onlal,  sending  down  lihrons  >lender  rootlets  into  the  soft  mud; 


'M 


i 


\i 


«;s 


SWKKT  SCKXTKD  WAT  Kit  LILY 


1  fi 


I  i 


jiii 


I 


:* 


tlic  -lnck>  lliat  siippni'l  the  IciiM's  ;m(!  l>l(.s>(»iiis  iifc  I'oiiiul  ol'  ail 
()li\  c-m'crii.  ((iiilaiiiiii'ji'  opi'ii  |K)i'('s  lillcd  wiili  air.  which  cause  Ihciii 
to  he  l»u(i\c(l  lip  ill  ihc  walci'.  Thc>c  air-i-clis  iiia\-  he  disliiicllv 
seen  1)\  ciiiliiiii'  the  >teiiis  across. 

The  h'a\('s  of  the  I*on(l-raly  are  of  ;.  I'liii-uriMMi  colour.  <l(M'|)ly 
tiiiLi'e'.i  with  retl  toward  the  fall  of  the  year,  so  as  (o  ui\ea  hhtod  I'od 
tiiii:'e  to  ijie  water:  thc\  arc  ol'  a  hime  si/.e,  round  l^i(hley  shape  1, 
ol  IcalheiA  texture,  and  highly  |»i'h-hcd  -iirrace  :  re>i>tin,^'  the  action 
ol'  llie  water  as  if  coated  with  oil  or  \ariii^h..  (Kcr  these  ]){'<]>.  of 
>\a1crdi'ie>.  hiiiidi('(ls  (.1'  dra'^on  llic>  of  e\'ery  colonr.  Idiie.  i:reen, 
scailel.  aiidltroii/e.  nia\  l»e  seen  like  li\  iiiLi' u'eiii>  Hilling'  (heir  [leaiiy 
tilled  wi!iLi.>  in  all  the  eiijoyineiil  ol'  theii'  newly  I'oni'.d  existence; 
j»os>il)Iy  eiijoyiim'  the  dciicioii-  ar^niia  Iroin  the  odorous  leiiioii 
scented  llowcr^  over  wITadi  they  >|)ort  so  LL'aily. 

The  lloueis  ol'  the  INtiidJaly  Lirow  >inLily  at  the  siiinniit  ol'  the 
round.  >niootli,  lle^Iiy  -i-ape.  Who  that  ha^  e\(U'lloated  upon  oii(> 
ol' our  I'aliii  inland  lakes,  on  a  warm  .liil\  or  .\iiLLii>t  da\".  hut  ha.s 
Imm'u  teni]ited.  at  till'  ri-k  oi'  ll|l■^ettillLl■  the  trail  Imvli-hark  canoe  or 
.-hallow  .-kill',  to  put  lorih  a  hand  to  >natidi  one  of  those  m;d(diless 
i\oiy  cups  thai  re.-t  in  >potle>s  |tiiiily  ii|ion  the  trainpiil  water.  jii>i 
I'i-iiiLi'  and  t'alliii;.:'  with  the  nioxcnient  of  the  -treaiii:  or  lia\'e  Lia/<'d 
with  'Ai-hl'iil  and  adniiriiiu.'  t\\'es  inlo  the  -till  clear  water,  at  the 
ox(|iii>ite  hinU  ami  hall'  iinrolded  l»h.t>.som^  that  are  spriiiuiiiLi' uj)wards 
to  the  air  and  sun-liu'ht. 

The  liollow  l)oal->liapeil  sepals  of  the  cal\  x  ai'e  roiir  in  niimher. 
ol' a  hriLihl  olive  urciui.  smoodi  and  oil\  in  texture.  The  lowers  do 
not  expand  I'lill)  iinlii  they  leacdi  the  -iirl'ace.  The  pel aU  are  niiimuoiis. 
hollow  (or  concave),    hliiiit     of  a  pure    ivory   white;   very   I'ragranl, 


I  I 


SWKKT  SCKNTKI)  WATKll   LILY. 


G9 


liavi'--'  tlic  licli  ()(l(»i!r  of  IVc-lily  ciil  lemons,  tlicv  :ir(>  scl  round  the 
sinincc  ol'  tlic  oMirv  (or  s(M'(I-\ c-x'!)  in  fciii'.ir  id\v>.  one  ;il>o\('  lln^ 
ollici'.  uriKhiiillv  lc-<('iiiii'j.'  ill  >i/.i'.  liH  iIh'v  clian'ic  liy  iniiiciccplililo 
urmhilion  inlo  tlic  n;ino\\  ll(\-li_v  pclal-likc  lemon  linteil  nnlliers. 
The  |)i>lil  i^  willionl  >\\\v.  tlie  sliuimi  foiininu- :i  Hat  rayeil  lop  to  the 
o\ar\.  a>  in  the  poppy  and  many  olhef  plants. 

Oil  ihe  appioaeh  oT  ni'.iht  onr  lo\ely  \valei--n\  mph  i:radnally 
('|()>e  h<M'  pelal>.  ;;nd  -lowlv  ictiio  to  re>t  within  her  watery  lied, 
to  lise  on  the  lolloNrm:-  day.  to  court  the  warmth  and  liLiiit  so 
neee->arv  for  the  jieileetion  oT  the  enihryo  mmmI  ;  and  lhi>  eoniimies 
(ill  ijic  ieitili/alifin  of  the  LiiMin  ha>  heeii  eompleletl.  when  the 
peta!>  >hriidN  and  wilhei'.  ami  the  see(l-ve>-(d  ^ini•.s  down  to  ripen 
the  IVuit  in  it  >  seei-ei  eiiamhei'-.  'I'hn- -ilently  ami  niy<tm'ion>!y  does 
natnre  peiform  hef  wondi'itiil  work.  ••>onuht  out  only  hy  tiiose  who 
lia\e  [ilea>nre  therein.  ■■■ 

The  root>  o!'  the  Pond  1/dy  contain  a  lai'u'c  (piantity  of  Cceula, 
(flour),  which,  alter  repea.tcd  wa>hin'is,  may  be  used  I'or  loo*!  :  tln\\' 
arc  also  ma(h>  u-c  ol'  in  medicine,  hein^'  c :)olin!i'  and  -ortcinm:':  the 
lVc>h  leaves  are  n>cd  a-  iiood  dre»in--  tor  l»li>1ers. 

The  Lotus  i)\'  lvi\  pi  Ixdoniis  to  thi>  family,  and  m>t  only  luniishes 
iiia"'niliccnt   (U'nament^  wiiii  \\hi(di  to  crown  the  heads  of  their  li'ods 


IHI 


Ii\  ilial  -iiiLrulav  I'l-iiil.  I 


!;.■  V.A  nr 


H.-ni-..  M  I 


Ijui  iuilI:''U"iH  t"  "ur^l.'W  l!-«iii.'  n;i 


tiT-.  till'  i'l;l-tic  ll'^uor- 


1., 


ariiij  -l.'i;i  uii' 


.|l-  lo  ivlrl,   !li,'   -ui-::h' 


if  t'i'     «:lt''l'.  ■'■!■  iivli  t!lltll''r 


!iM  Imi  ■ittiMi'li'i'i  t''u;iiv|s 


llic  I  i.|l.-ii-lH';niii.'  II  '"I'l 


ulii.'h  III-''  111- 


„liir.''l  at  llir  liMtf.m  "f  ill.-  waUi-  'Ui  utv  -Ifrt  M'a|r<,  an^  nliicli.  uiiiti'il 


I  V  ll 


•laM- 


aw. IV  li'"in  I'll'  roua'aiii. 


I,..;,!-;  ilial  Im''!  l!i''ia  ai 


■  1  I'i-''  t"  ill''   ^Mrlai'".  will 


llii'V  rsiiaml  anil  -I'all.-r  iln-ir  f.Tiili/i"-  'I'l-i  'M 


llir  rriru-li''arliij 


iWi'l'-i  wllirll 


hlrli  ll  lat  ai'ipiiiiil  iIh'Iu  ;   llii'-c.  al't','!';! 


wliili'.  i'"il  "I'  a:aiii  ai 
rruil ;   :i  ('m-i'"H  lad  vnu 


,1  .haw  ill.-  I'lil-  tU-  "^ary  il"«ii  In 


ill.'  l.Mtri'ii  .ll' i!k'  wat.'i'.  tlierc  U  n\'cu  aiiil  inTfi-t't  tlii 


lu..l  \\.r  l.v  nrav  aiil  many  "ihrr  orclitalili'  ln'tanist.- 


'  i!  i 

II: 


S        1 


'1 


i :  ,■ 


70 


SWEET  SCEXTED  WATER  LILY. 


and  kiniis,  l)iit  Iho  sihmIs  also  s(M'V(m1  as  food  (o  (ho  \)QO])\v  in  times 
of  scarcity.  The  Sacred  Lotus  {yc/nutbinm  s/Kr/osiini)  was  an  object 
itseir  of  religious  veneration  to  the  ancient  Ei;T|)tians. 

Th(>  riiinese,  in  some  ]>laccs  oC  that  ov(M--i)Oi)uiated  country, 
oTONv  the  Water  Lilies  u\u,u  (l.;>ir  lakes  lor  the  sake  of  the  nourish- 
nient  yielded  by  the  roots  and  nVL^d^. 

-Lotus-eaters."  say>  that  valuable  writer  on  the  ^Fedical  Botany 
of  America.  Dr.  Cliarlcs  Lee,  "not  only  abound  in  Egypt,  but  all 
over  the  East."  "The  larg  >  lleshy  roots  of  the  Xclinnbiiim  hifcnm, 
or  great  Yellow  Water  Lily,  found  in  our  Xorth  American  lakes, 
resemldes  the  Sweet  Totato  {BuiaUis  rdiihs),  and  by  some  of  the 
natives  are  esteemed  equally  agreeable  and  wholesome,"  observes 
the  same  iruthor.  "being  u>e<l  as  food  by  the  Indians,  as  well  as  some 
of  the  Tartar  tribes. " 

As  yet  litth'  value  ha>  been  attachccl  to  this  (diarnnng  i)lant,  the 
White  l*on<l  Lily,  because  it>  uses  have  been  uidsiuAvn.  it  is  oiu'  of 
the  i)rivilei:('s  of  the  l)otiinisl  and  naluiali>1  to  lay  open  the  vegetable 
trea>ures  that  are  s(  lavi>lily  be>lo\ved  upon  us  by  the  bountiful 
hand  of  the  Great  ("reator. 


YELLOW  POND  LILY. 


Nuphar  udcena. 


(SPATTER  DOCK,) 

And  tlioro  llic  liri;^-lit  Nviii|ili;rii  loves  to  lave, 

And  siirc;id>  licr  j^dldcii  orlis  aloiii:  the  dimplinp:  wave. 


r'-'^- 


^Mlg.IlE  YclloAv  Pond  Lily  is  often  found  growing  in  extensive 


■^ 


*      IxmIs,  mingled  with  the  ^Vllite,  and  tliougli  it  is  lessgrace- 
'yi->i^r  ^"'  '"  ^'"''"'  '''^'>"^'  x^Xi'i  nuu'li  to  admire  in  its  rieh  oransic- 

^-^Q  coloured   (lowers,   which  appear  at  a  little  distance  Eke 

balls  of  gold  lloatiug  on  the  still  waters.  The  large  hollow  petal- 
like sepals  that  surround  the  llowfM'  are  linely  clouded  with  dark  red 
on  the  outer  si<le.  hut  of  a  de(>p  yellow  orange  within,  as  also  are  the 
strap-like  petals  and  stamens:  the  stigma,  or  summit  of  the  pistil,  is 
Hat,  and  12-2L  rayed.  The  leaves  are  dark-green,  scarcely  so  large 
as  those  of  the  \Vhite  [>ily,  floating  on  long  thick  fleshy  stalks, 
flattened  on  the  imier  side,  and  rounded  without.  The  botanical 
name  Xiiphar  is  derived,  says  Gray,  from  the  Arabic  word  Neu/ar, 
.siiinifving  Pond  Lilv. 

Our  Artist  has  closely  followed  n-dure's  own  arrangements  by 
grouping  these  beautiful  water  plants  together. 


-'  d 


::  'iiiV 


¥ 


72 


YKLLow  roNi)  i-n.v 


Wlicrc'  (Ikm'c  is  i>  (1(M'])  (le|)()>il  ol'  imid  in  tlu-  .-Imllows  ol'  sUll 
^^;ll(M•s^v(•  riHM[iii'iuly  liiid  iiiaii\  (lillrri'iit  .^lu'cic^  ol' ;i.|iialics  .UTowiii^,- 
|)n)!nis('ii()ii>ly.  Tlic  lall  laiic'-likr  IraT  ami  Miic-pIkiM!  heads  of 
tho  stately  l^u\U<lcn\i.  kct>i>iii,-' ,-iiai<l  a>  il  were  ahovc  (lie  .uiaccfiil 
Kipiiji/iad.  like  a  iiallaiil  kui-lil  with  kiiiee  in  re>l,  ready  (o  del'eiid 
liis  (lueeii.  and  around  tlie>e  the  lair  and  delieale  while  lloweis  of 
the  small  arrowdiead  re^l  their  Trail  head>  npon  the  water,  looking" 
a^  if  the  sli-hte>!  hree/e  that  rullled  il>  -iniaee  would  send  them 
from  their  jdaee  ol'  rest. 

IV'Vond  thisa([iiatie  izai'den  lie  hed.^  of  wild  riee  Zrjutia  (it/mifica, 
with  il>  lloatinu,-  leaves  ol  emerald  Lireen.  an<l  wavinLi  i:ra.->y  llowers 
of  >fraw  colour  and  purple  -  while  nea.rer  to  the  shore  the  hri^ht 
ro.-v  tul|<  ol'  the  \\ater  Teisiearia,  willi  its  dark-Lireeii  leaves  ami 
crim>on  >talks.  dcdi-ht  the  eyi's  olthe  iia-.-erdiy. 


m 


'i 


f 


I 


, 


V: 


I  & ' 


I 


*! 


X  \T.  Oi;h.  Sai;i;A(  I'.MAcr.E, 


PJTCIIER  PLANT. 


(SOLDIKirS  I)inNKIX(i  (IP.) 


Sdirdcniid  piirpiir(a. 


T-N'^  VEX  llic  iiiosi  cii-iiiil  (ihscivcrcan  1  aidly  jia^^n  Led  oCflicso 


WK''^'        in<>-(    ieiiia;Kal)l('    iilaiils   witliout    hcinu'  struck  l>y  tlicir 

■■^^'  •    • 

^^f  aiiiH'araiicc.  imh'tMl.  Ik.iii  loot  to  llcwer,  it  is  every  way 

y^f*  worthy  of  our  notice  and  adniiialion. 

The  Pit(  licr  Plant  is  l)y  no  incan>  one  of  (hose  flowers  found 
siiiizlv  and  in  inaceessilde  hogs  and  dense  ce(hir-swain[)s,  as  arc 
some  of  our  rare  and  h»v(dy  Oreliids.  In  ahno>t  any  gra>sy  swamp, 
at  the  borcU'rs  of  hiw  lyiiiii,-  hikes,  and  heaver-nu'aih.ws,  often  in 
\v(  (  si.onuy  meadows,  it  may  he  found  forming  hirgo  beds  of 
luxuriant  growtli. 

When  wet  with  recent  showers  or  gli>l(Miinu'  with  dew-drops, 
(lie  rich  crimson  veinings  of  the  hroadlv  scalloped  lip  of  the  tubal. ir 
leaf  (which  is  thickly  beset  with  line  siilf  silvery  hairs,)  retaining  the 
moisture,  shine  and  glisten  in  the  sun-light. 


^'1 


'I'!l"i 


ri(Mli:il  TLAXT. 


If! 


!l: 


The  root  i.^  lliick.  .-olid,  ami  lil)roiis.  The  liil)iil:ir  I'aM's  arc  (»!' 
a  rc(l(li>li  tiii-c  oil  llu'  oiittT  and  convex  side,  luit  ol' a  delicate  li'zlit 
Ufccii  uiliiin.  The  ttwturc  i>  >n\{.  smooth,  and  h'ather_\  ;  the  l>a>e 
ol'the  K'al'  a!  the  root.  i.>  iiairow  and  iiii»e->lem  like.  cNiiandini;-  into 
a  hiiLic  ho'dow  i('ce|itach'.  capahU'  ol'  conlaininu-  a  wine-,ulas>  lull  of 
li(|nid  :  even  in  di\  >easons  thi>  cnp  i>  rarely  lomid  Cinply.  The 
liollow  lorm  of  the  lcavc<.  and  the  l>road  ewerdike  lips,  have  oh- 
t:iin<'d  for  the  plant  its  local  and  \\id<'  spread-name  oC  ••Piddier 
I'lant."  and  ••  Soldici's  Diinkinu'  Cnp."  The  la>t  name  1  had  liom  a 
|)oor  old  enn'iiant  ]ien>ionei-.  when  he  hrom:ht  me  a  specimen  of  the 
j)lant  from  the  1»aidss  ol  a  hail'  dii((l  np  lake,  near  whiidi  he  was 
located  :  ■  Manv  a  dialt  of  hlcvscd  watci"  have  we  pool'  soldiei>  had 
when  in  K-\pt  out  (•!'  the  h':\c>  ..la  jilant  like  this,  and  we  used 
to  call  them  the  'SoldicrV  hrinkiii'j.'  Cnp."" 

Mo.-t  pr.iliahly  the  i)laiit  tli.it  alloidcil  the  h/>ssci/  inilcr  to  the 
]ioor  tliri>tv  soldiers  wa>  the  X<j»n//ic  (lislillitrin,  which  plant  i>  roniid 
in  I'livpl  and  other  parts  of  Alrica.  I'erhaps  there  are  luit  lew 
amoiiii,'  the  inhaltitants  of  this  widl-watcrcil  coimtiy  that  ha\('  ;is 
fiillv  appreciated  the  \aliie  of  the  I'lK  iiii;  Plant  as  did  oiir  jxtor 
iimdiicalcd  lri>li  pen>ioiier,  who  >aid  that  he  alway<  thought  tliul 
{i(»d  ill  lli>  ;z'<»odne>s  had  cr<'alc(l  the  plant  to  Liivc  dri!d\  to  sii(di  as 
were  atliir-1  on  a  hot  and  toiI-om<'  mar(di  :  and  so  he  lo(d\e(l  with 
uralitudc  and  admiration  on  ii>  rcpresentati\ c  in  Canada.  Many  a 
le>-oii  max  we  learn  liom  the  lip>  ol'the  jtoor  and  the  lowly. 

Ah»n-   the    inner  p(nli(»n   oT  the    leal'  (here  i-^  a   win^;-   or   (lap 
whi' li  ;iiii^  to  il>  cnrion-  appearance  :   Iroin  tin'  >ection  ol'  tin-  leal'  has 
arisen   the  -oniewhat   inappropiiate  name   i>r    •  S/i/r.S /'/'ff<'  /'"/mrtr. 
The  evident   ti>e   ol'  lhi>  aiipcnila,LL(>  is  to  coiilracl  the  inner  side   ol' 


IMTCIIKII  TLAXT. 


75 


tlic  Iriil.  ;iii(|  lo  |ii(m1u(i'  a  corropDiMliiii;'  r(»iiii(liiiL;'  of  llic  oiilcr  por- 
tion, wliicliis  lliiis  (IiKtwii  Icick.  and  ciialtlcs  (lie  inoislmc  iii()i(>  icailily 
lo  lill  111''  <'n|>.  (.Miaiilitifs  of  small  Hies,  hocllcs.  and  oilier  iiisccis, 
Ciller  llie  pilclier,  |M)>>ilily  I'or  .-lieller,  Inil  are  iiiiai)le  to  ellee!,  n 
icliiiii,  owiii--  lo  llie  relle.xed  hristly  liaiis  thai  line  liie  ij|>j)('r  |>:irt 
ol'  llic  liilie  and  lip,  and  lliiis  lind  a  u.ilery  j^-tjivo  in  llie  nioi.sliirc 
tliat  lills  111''  liollow  lielow. 

Tlie  lall  stalely  llnwei  vl  llie  I'ih  her  riant  is  not  h  --  worthy 
ol  oiir  allenlion  ihaii  lln'  eiiiioielv  loiined  lea\es.  The  .-inoolh 
loiilid  simple  seape  »ises  Ihuu  llie  eeiilie  of  the  plmit  lo  ihe  heiniit 
of  1!^  iiiehe-  to  2  leel  The  llower  Is  sini;le  and  teriiunuJ.  coniposed 
ol  .'>  x'pals,  with  ll\iee  li;Me  hracts  ;  f)  liluiit  l)roa<l  petals  of  a  dull 
|MiVpli^li  led  eoloin'.  xuiietiine-  red  and  liuhl -yidlowish  iireeii  :  and  in 
one  \ariety  the  petals  are  mostly  ol'  a  pale-<:re<'n  line,  and  there  i* 
an  al),-enee  of  the  eiim^un  mmii^  in  the  leal'aii'o.  The  petals  ar« 
ineinM'd  or  Iieiit  downwards  toward-  the  eeiitie.  The  slaniens  aire 
niiinerons.  The  oxaiy  is  o-eelled  and  the  -tyle  is  exjiaiKh  d  at  the 
snminit  into  ;i  ->  aiej^letl.  .">  ia\ed  iinilnclladike  hood.  wlii(di  eoiieealis 
Ix'iieath  it  T)  delicate  rays,  eai  h  teiininatiii'^'  in  a  little  hooked  slii;-ina. 
Tile  ea|)>iile  nr  >eed  \ cs-el  is  a-cidled  and  o  \alved:  seeds  ininicrous. 

I  lia\('  been  more  miiinte  in  the  deseiiplion  of  tliis  interesting 
plant,  hecause  nnieh  ol'  its  peculiar  orL;ani/alion  is  lii<lden  Irom  the 
v\i\  and  cannot  he  reco;^iii/.ed  in  a  drawiiii:'.  unless  a  strictly 
botanical  one,  with  all  il-  inteiior|)  arts  dissected,  and  hecaiise  the 
IMlther  I'laiit  has  lately  attra<'ted  much  allenlion  I»y  its  re|»iited 
iiiedicinal  (pialitics  in  case-  of  >iiiall-|t(»x.  thai  loalhsoine  scoiiru'e  of 
the  human  race.  A  <le.'ociion  IViun  the  tool  of  this  jilanl  has  hceii 
said  lo  lessen   all   the  moie  violent   symploms  (d'  the  disorder.     11' 


'111 


'■M 


'  I  II 


I 

i 


70 


iMTrni;i{  i'laxt. 


tliis  \)0  rciilly  so.  ils  use  ainl  aiiplicalioii  slioiild  l>(>  wiilcly  s|)i('ail  ; 
roiiiiiiatcly.  tilt'  iciiicdy  wdiiM  I>c  in  llic  |M»\V('r  ol'  every  our ;  like 
many  (iC  our  sanalivc  licids  it  i>  to  he  roinid  uitlh.ni  dilliciilly,  and 
ix'iiiu'  ><»  t'cniaikahlo  in  it.>  a|i|>rai:ni('t'  can  iicmt  Im'  nii>taki'n  hy 
Hie  iiidst  i;^iiiiiaiit  of  our  country  h('rl>ali.>ts  for  a:i\'  injurious  sul>.>ti- 
Inlo.^ 


i'-  'I'll I' 

'!!f 


•   'I'll,'  'hiilrl'    tliut   ;i    llrciM'tl.ll  ..r    illis    lllllt    i.S  ul     UA>    ill    Mll.lll.|.i\   ||;is    llcrM   ImIIU.I  liy    .■XliCrillU'Ut  to    III'  .lllit<.' 

tliimurijal.  — ,1,  li, 


•  \ 


ill: 


i    ■    ' 


Gkav. 


Nat.  Obd.  SniniMu  i.ahiai  k.e. 


i'AlNTKl)  cur,  SCAKLET  CUI\ 


Ccistilleia  cocrinca. 


Sciiri -t  tufts 
Arc  ;_'l(i\\iiiL'  ill  tlu'  '.timmi  lila'  fliikr-  of  tire; 
The  wiiiiilfrcrs  of  tlic  prairit'  kimw  lliciii  well, 
And  call  tliat  brilliiiiit  llnwcr  tlu'  I'aiiitcil  Ciiji. 


HUYANT. 


|jg!fe]llIS  si)l(Mi(li<lly-('()l(.mc(l  ].limi  is  tlic  -loiy  nii.l  ontamont  of 
3p--''  llu'  |»l;iiii-l:>i)<ls  (.r  Canada.  The  \\\uAc  plant  is  a  dow 
^^^  .»r  scarlet,   \ai\iii?    IVoiii   jialc   llani.'-coloiir  to  the    most 

I'iy^  vivid  v.MDiillinn,   livalliii-'  in  hrilliaiicy  ol'  hues  Ihc  .seai-lct 

o-craniiiin  oI'IIk'  urcciihonsc. 

Tho  Paiiitod  V\\\}  owes  its  *j,ay  ajtiK-arancc  not  to  its  flowers. 
wlu(d.  aiv  not  vciy  (•on>i)i.Mious  at  a  distance,  hnt  to  the  deeply- 
cnt  leaiy  tiaets  that  elu•lo^e  iheni  and  clothe  the  stalks,  formins; 
at  the  ends  of  the  llower  branches  cliLstered  rosettes.  (See  onr 
artists  plate.) 

The  (h»wer  is  a  llattencd  tube.  ))ordered  with  l)right  red, 
and  ^M^j:M  with  -.d.len  yellow.  Stamens,  lour;  pistil,  one,  pro- 
jeetin- beyond  the  tube  of  the  calix  ;  the  capsule  is  many  seeded. 
The  radical  or  root  leaves  are  of  a  dull,  hoaiy  -r.MMi,  t:n-e<l  with 
reddish   p.nple,    as   also   is   the   stem,    which   is  rough,    hairy,    and 


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PATXTKT)  CUP,  SCWULF/r  ("['P. 


aiiLilcJ.  Tlir  hnu'ls  or  Iciity  JippciKlaucs.  wliicli  appear  on  tlio 
lowor  i)arl  of  llic  >lalk.  ar(>  l)ii(  sliulilly  liimcil  with  scaiicl.  hut 
the  colour  dccpiMis  ami  hviiihtciis  (owaids  tlir  middle  and  summit 
oT  tlie  hrauclied  sU'm. 

The  Scarlet  (^ip  api)ears  in  May,  aloni;'  with  the  smaller  white 
and  red  trilliuins:  hut  these  early  plants  are  >mall  :  the  stem  sinn)le, 
rarely  hiancdied.  and  the  colour  of  a  dee])er  red.  A^  the  summer 
advances,  our  nallant  soldier-like  jilant  puts  on  all  its  hravery 
(d'  attire.  All  throuj^h  the  li'lowini;-  har\('>t  months,  the  oj)en 
«rrasp;y  plains  and  the  Ixu'ders  of  the  cullivate(l  li(dds  are  ein'iched 
hy  its  ii'lorious  colours.  In  lavouiahle  soils  the  plant  rises,  encdosed 
in  a  tuhidar  sliiihtly  twice-tdett  calyx,  of  a  pale  jjL'reen  colour,  attains 
a  heiiiht  of  from  21'!.  lin..  ihrowini;'  out  nnuiy  side  hramdies,  ter- 
nunated  hy  the  clustered,  hrilliantly-tinted  hracts;  some  heads  heinj:; 
as  larLi'e  as  a  iuediuni-sized  rose.  They  have  heen  gathered  in 
tlie  cornels  ol'  the  stiihhle  li(dds  on  the  culli\ated  plains,  as  late 
as  Octoher.  A  not  mu-ommon  slender  variety  occurs,  of  a  |»aleludr. 
and  also  oC  a  l)rii;ht  kunon  color.  The  Anu-rican  holanists  speak  of 
Casti/lcid  corr/'urd,  as  heim;'  addicted  to  a  low.  wetti>h  soil,  hut  it 
i>  i\ot  so  with  our  Camidian  plant  :  if  you  wouhl  find  it  in  its, 
i:re;)le>t  perlection.  you  must  seek  it  on  the  hiiiii.  dry,  rolling'  plains 
of  llicedake.  nranilord.  to  the  north  of  Toronto,  ."^tinu'v  lake,  the 
neiiihhourhood  of  Peterhoro.  and  >iiuilar  localities;  it  is  neither 
to  he  lound  in  swamp>  u«U'  in  the  >hade  of  the  umdeared  forest, 

I'or  soil,  the  Scarlet  (U\\)  x.'vms  to  prfdcr  liiiht  loam,  and 
evidently  courts  the  sunshine  rather  than  the  shade.  If  it  c()uld 
l)e  prevailed  upon  to  Homish  in  our  Liarden  horders.  it  woidd  he 
a  iireat  ac([uisition.  from  its  lon<^'  lloweriiiL;;  time  and  its  hrilliant 
colouring'. 


I        i 


'I    r 


!!■   1 


PAINTED  (IP,  S(^AHLET  CIP. 


70 


Thost'  lovely  |)limts,  like  n;any  ollicrs  thai  iidoni  our  ('aii:i<liiiii 
woods  and  wilds,  yearly  disapi.rar  Ibrm  oiii  inidsl,  and  soon  we 
shall  seek  them,  hut  nol  lind  theni. 

We  nilj^ht  say  with  the  poet : 

■•'T\v;is  pity  nature  linniL'lit  \r  loi'tli. 
McR'ly  t)  >li(i\v  your  wurtli. 
And  lose  yt'  ([uilc! 
lUit  ye  luivL'  lovely  leuws,  wliere  wo 
.May  read  liow  soon  tliiuii's  liave 
Tlieir  eiid.  tliMU;j,Ii  ne'er  >o  hravc; 
And  alter  tliey  liave  sliewn  tlieir  [iride, 
Like  you  awhile  tliey  glide 
li;t(>ili<j  :j^^rave. 

Ukuukk. 


U'  !, 

'  1' 

fl 


'      ) 


m 


¥  i 


If!  r 


niH  i 

[I 


^1      ':ii 


•i'  ''i 


,1 


1'^ 


i      if 

'  .1 


'■^'    "■'■'  .  I'i,    "Ai  ,1.,,;       .,  ,>i-.';; ;    -.,•,  v,  ,•■ 
■  '  <  '''•■'/  '  ''  '■'■■  /  I  !iblri;i  "i'ln-pi!  , 


■f-   1-    .i.:-!'      !■ 


Nat.  Oiti).  Okciiid.vck*. 


SHOWY   ORCHIS. 


Orchis  sjjecfabilis. 


"  Full  iiiiuiy  a  ircni  of  ]tinv!st  ray  sorcno, 
The  (lark  iiiital,li(tiiuMl  caves  of  ocean  bear; 
Full  iiiaiiy  a  llower  is  liorii  to  blush  unseen, 
And  waste  its  sweetness  on  the  desert  air."' 


(rllAY. 


^V^i^KKP  hidileu  in  tlie  (hiiii;»  recesses  of  the  leafy  woods, 
^M^       many  a  rare  and  i)reci()iis  llower  of  the  Oreiiis   faiiiily 

^"^^'fo  hlooins.  nourishes,  and  decays,  unseen  l>y  lunnaii  eye,  un- 
'^Qk,       sought  by  human  hand,  until  some  cin-ious.  llower-loving 

botanist   phnii^es  amid   the   rank,    tangled   vegetation,   and   brings 

beauties  to  the  light. 

One  of  these  beautiful  Orchids,  the  Orchis  s/tcrtah/lis  or  Showy 
Orchis,  is  here  presented  in  our  group. 

This  i)rettv  plant  is  not,  indeed,  of  very  rare  occurrence:  its 
localitv  is  rich  maple  and  beechen  woods  all  through  Oanada. 
The  colour  of  the  llower  is  white,  shaded,  and  spotted  with  pink 
or  purpli>h  lilac;  the  corolla  is  what  is  termed  ringent  or  throated, 
the  upi»er  petals  and  sei)als  arching  over  the  hollow  lowei-liiti)ed 
|)elal.     The  scape  is  smooth  and  lleshy.  termiiuitiug  in  a  loosely- 


82 


SHOWY  ORCIirS. 


!  i  1 


li   i 


iU 


h: 


floNvcrcd  and  iiiaiiy-l»ra(j('(l  s|iik(';  (lie  h  ds  arc  (lark-Lirccii. 
sliar|>-|i()iiitc(l.  and  h-aly:  (lir  root  a  bundle  I'  roimd  \vliil(>  lihros; 
tlu  leaves.  [\\o  in  nnnd»er.  are  laruc  Miiiit.  oMon^-.  sliiniim'. 
sniouili.  and  oily.  IVoin  three  lo  live  indies  loni:".  one  lari;'er  lluin 
tilt'  other.  The  llowerinu  linii;  oC  the  species  is  Mav  and  .luno. 
Our  forest  ulades  and  l)(n:i:y  swanijis  hide  nianv  a  rare  and 
precidii.-  Ilowcr  known  Init  to  I'ew  ;  ainoiiu' sonu'  ol'  the  ii  )st  heaii- 
lil'iil  (.i'tlii>  interesiiiiLi- groiiji  of  plants,  we  niiiiht  direel  attention  lo 
the  ele-ant  and  rare  ()i/i//>s()  (xtrca/is,  Po(/oii/\t  fr/jtlioria,  ami 
/'(.ujoiini  /ini'iii/ii.  'I'hc  heanliCnl  (Jiass  lMid<.  Cdfopoi/oii  pnh'hellns. 
with  in. my  others  of  the  Oirhidaeea'  trihe,  inav  he  rcarded 
as  Ilowcr  u-eiiis  to  lie  j)ri/ed  alike  I'ur  their  e\(ini.site  Ibnns  and 
ceouriiiLL'  as  lor  their  >eareity. 

Tlioe  lo\ely  Oi'idiids.  Iran>|»laiited  to  the  liTcenhonse  or 
eonser\atory.  would  he  re-arded  as  ohjeels  of  great  interest,  hut 
are  rarely  >ecii  and  litlh'  \ allied  hy  the  earulos.s  pa.Nser-hy,  11'  he 
ehanees  ujion  tlieni  in  their  I'orot  haunts. 


;  I 


I  ■• 


INDIAN  TURNIP. 


Anmi  fri/ihi/IIinn  {Arum  /awil//.) 


Or  iM'crs  (lie  Arum  rrmii  it^  ^jintcil  vril." 


I') U VAN  I'. 


}!i*?|fenFIIK  'itc  hvo  -pccics  of  AniTiis  ('(iininon  to  Canada,  tlif 
■1^3^^*  liiii:(  I'  of  wliicli  is  I'viiowii  as  GriMMi-draiioii  Arum  Drticon- 
•T*^  ///'///;   lli>'  otlui.   whicli  loiiiis  tlic  ccnlral  liunrc  in  llic 

■x^'f^i  plah',  is  ilic  most  (Mmiiiion  to  our  >oil.  ami  is  known  l»v 

(he    raiiiiliar    iiaiin'    ol'    Im»i\n    Tiiimi'    [Annn   fr/ji/ii/l/nut    or    .1. 
/)i(r/)inru)ii). 

Tlu's(>  moist iiiM^-loviiiLi  plants  are  cliicdy  to  l)c  I'onnd  in  rich 
black.  s\vain|)V  nioiild.  hrncatli  the  shade  ol"  trees  and  rank  herbauv. 
near  crcu'ks  and  danip  jdaces.  in  or  al)Oiit  the  loresl. 

The  sheath  that  envelops  and  jirotects  the  spadix.  or  central 
portion  of  the  jilant.  is  an  incurved  membraneous  hood  ol' a  pale 
j^reen  colour,  beautirnlly  !stri|)eil  with  dark  purple  or  brownish- 
pur|)le. 

The  (lowers  are  inconspicuous,  hidden  bv  the  sheath:  they 
are  of  two  kinds,  the  .sterile  and  i'ertile,  the  Ibrmer  placed  above, 
the    latter    consisting   ol'    lour    or   more    stamens    and    2    4-celled 


1 


84 


INDIAN  TURNIP. 


n  ■ 


I ' 


\u 


aiitlicrs,  the  lortilo  or  riiiil-lx'iiriiifi-  llowcis  of  a  onc'Ccllcd  ovary. 
Tlic  fruit.  wluMi  ri|K'.  is  hriulU  scarlet,  cliistcnMl  roimd  the  lower 
part  of  tho  romid  llcsliy  scajx'.  As  the  Itcrrics  ri|H'n.  the  hood 
or  slicath  withers  and  slirivols  away  to  achnit  the  riix-nin^^  rays 
of  lu'al  and  liiiht  to  tlic  fruit. 

Tho  root  «»f  iho  Indian  Turnip  consists  of  a  round,  wrinkled, 
llcshv  corni,  somewhat  larger  than  that  of  the  uarden  crocus; 
Ironi  this  rises  the  simple  scape  or  stem  of  the  plant,  which  is 
she:ithed  with  the  i)ase  of  the  leaves.  These  are  on  loni;'  naked 
stalks.  divide<l  into  three  ovate  j)ointed  leallels.  waved  at  the  edj^es. 

The  juices  of  the  Indian  Turnip  are  hot.  acrid,  and  of  a 
|>oisonous  quality,  hut  can  he  rentlered  useful  and  harmless  hy  tho 
action  of  heat:  the  roots  roasted  in  the  fin^  are  no  loni:(>r  pois(»nous. 
The  Indian  herhaiist-  use  the  Indian  Turni[i  in  medicine  as  a 
remedy  in  violent  colic,  loni:,-  experience  havini;-  tauuhl  them  in 
what  manner  to  employ  this  dan;j,'erous  root. 

The  Arum  belongs  to  a  natural  order,  mo>t  plants  of  which 
contain  an  acrid  poison,  yet  under  j)roper  care  can  he  made  valu- 
ahle  articles  of  food.  Amoii-'  these  we  may  mention  the  roots 
of  Colorosnf  iinicroinifuni,  riohrcum.  and  odiers,  whi(di,  under  the 
more  familiar  names  of  EoDoiis  and  Yams,  are  in  common  use 
in  trojtical  countries. 

The  Juice   of  Arum.  (riphijlUim.   our   Indian  Turnip,   has  heen 
used,  boiled  in  milk,  as  a  remedy  for  coiisum[»tion. 

Portland    sau'o    is    pr(>pared    from    the    larirer    sp(>eies,    Arum 
maculdtnm,  S[)otted  Arum.     The  corm,  or  root,  yields  a  fine,  white, 


I  iff  i 


sIm 


|\')IAN  TUllNIl'. 


86 


sli.icliy  poNN.lrr,  Hiiiilar  t<»  Anow-niol,  iiikI  is  prcpaiT.!  iiuicli  in  the 
sui.c  way  as  petal..  >Uuv\u  Tlir  pulp.  all.T  Immii-  -louiul  (.r 
l„,iiii.lc.l.  i-  liin.uii  iiiln  .'lean  water  and  stimM;  liir  waUr,  alter 
srllliii-.  i>  |M.iiiT(l  (.11.  aii.l  tlir  wliitc  >.Mliniriit  is  a-aiii  siihiniltcl 
1,,  il„.  sinic  pincc»  until  it  i..'.-..in('s  .piile  pnn'-  and  is  then  (IhimI. 
A  ponn.l  of  tlii>  staivli  may  l.r  made  Irnni  a  peck  cd'  tlw  n.uts. 
TIh'  roots  vlionid  l.c  dried  in  sand  l)eroiv  n>in,--.  Tlins  pniilied  and 
dive.^ted  o[  il>  poi>onon>  .pialities.  the  powder  so  proeuicd  hccomes 
;,  p!r:,sint  an.l  valnal.le  aiti.ie  (d'  loci,  and  is  scid  inider  the  name 
(.r  Portland  Sa.Li(».  or  INntland  Arrow-root. 

Whi'ii  deprived  of  ilie  poi>oiuni>  aeiid  juices  that  juMvade 
,1,,.,,..  all  oin'  kuuWM  >peeie>  may  he  rendered  vahiahh-  Ixdh  as 
,•,,„,  .,,,,1  „„,,r„.ii,.':  hut  they  >h.Mihlnot  he  emph.yed  without,  eare 
juid  (vxpirirnee.  The  writer  rememhers.  not  many  years  a,<;o, 
several  ehihhvn  l.ein-  poi<..ned  hy  th.'  leaN.'>or  Arum  triphyllum 
1m.1„-  -alhered  and  .'ate,,  a^  ,LiTeeu>.  in  <me  <d'  the  early-settled 
1,;,.  k  tuun^hip-  of  \Ve>l.-rn  Tanada.  The  s.n.e  deplorable  ae.dd.mt 
l,.,,,l„.,H.d  hy  i;-ii..rant  per>on>  -atherin-r  ih."  leaves  <d'  the  Man- 
d,j,ki>  or  May  Apple  ( /A»r/M/.A/////u//  i>r/lnhuN). 

|„.  ve-etal.le  world,  as  w«dl  as  in  (he  moral, 
„vo  oppo.ite  prmeiple>.  the  uood  and  the  evil.  The  .uraeions  Clod 
1„,  .,iven  io  man  tin-  pow,>r.  by  ihe  enltivaticm  of  his  intelleet.  to 
Hi.-ii  the  ..ood  and  .iMdnl.  M.paratin.u  il  from  the  vile  and  injnrl.ms, 
Ihns  tin-nin-  that  into  a  hle^in-  wl.jeh  wo.ihl  ..therwise  he  a  enrse. 

-The  Arum  lamily  po>se-  many  valnal.le  niedieimd  (pialities.- 
savs  Dr.  Chnrle.  l.ee.  in  his  valuahle  work  on  the  medieinal  plants 


Tl«(>re  >«eeni>  in  t 


n 


80 


IMHAN  Tl'UMP. 


,  I 


iSf 


of   North    Aiiu'ricii.    "  Itiil    would    iicvcrlliclcss   Immmmim'    <liiii;;('r()iis 
|>ois(ms  in  tlio  liaiuls  (jI' i«;ii<uaiil  pcrsoiis." 

Tlic  iiscriil  Cassiivu,  i/iiiu)i/i(i  .}/iin//K)r).  ol"  the  Wcsl  liidicH 
and  Intpicid  America,  is  anotluT  rcniarkiilth'  iiisliincc  of  art  ovrr- 
coniiMi;'  iialinc,  nnd  oldaiiiiiii;  a  inoilivc  Liood  IVoni  llial  which 
ill  it>  nalnriil  htato  is  evil.  The  CasMiva.  IVoni  tlie  Hour  ol' wiiich 
tlie  hrciid  made  ity  the  ii;ili\e>  i>  maiiuracliired.  hcini;  the  slarchy 
parts  (iC  a  poisonous  pliiiit  of  tiie  I'lupiiorhia  I'ltmiiy,  llie  milky 
juice  ol'  \vlii(di  i>  liiLiliiy  iicriil  initl  poi>onous.  The  »»Ieas;inl  and 
U.>el'ul  article  ^oid  in  the  >liop>  under  the  name  (A'  tapioca  is  also 
made  IVom  the  Cassava  root. 


■  i 


f  ( 


N\T.  Olll>.  OiMl'dSIT*. 


CONE    FLOWEll. 


UmUnchla  fnlijlila. 


JtS^'f^;  HE  (Vmc  Flower  is  one  of  llic  hniulsoiiu'st  of  our  rayed  (lowers. 
vjj-'  ' '  ''"'  ,i:<>r,i;'eoiis  lljiiiiiii<i'  oniiii;('  dress,  witli  (lie  deej)  purple 
'ki'j^..  disk  ()raliiio>l  inetailie  lustre,  is  one  of  the  oruanieuls  of 

'y^'K'  all  our  wild  oi»eu  prairie-like  i)laiiis  duriu^'  the  hot  mouths 


disk  ()raliuo>t  metallic  lustre,  is  one  of  the  oruameuts  of 
all  our  wild  o|»eu  juairie-like  [)lains  during'  the  hot  mouths 
of  July.  August  aud  Sejitemher.  We  liud  the  C(tue  Flower  ou  the 
suimy  s])ots  aiuoui;-  the  wild  herhau'e  of  urassy  thi<'kets.  associated 
with  the  wild  Sunlhtwers,  Asters  and  other  plants  of  th(>  widely  ditliised 
Composite  Order. 

Duriun'  the  harvest  mouths,  when  the  more  delicate  sprin<^ 
llowersare  ripeniui;-  their  seed,  our  heat-loviui;'  liudhe*  kias,  Chrysau- 
thouunus,  Suullowers,  Coreojisises,  Ox-eyes,  and  Asiers.  are  lifting 
their  starry  heads  to  greet  the  light  and  heat  of  the  sun's  ardent 
ravs.  adorning  the  dry  wastes,  gravelly  aud  sandy  hills,  and  wide 
grassy  plains,  with  their  gay  blossoms; 

"  Bri-rht  llnwcrs  tlmt  liiijivr  sis  tlii'v  full, 
Wliosi'  last  arc  doarcst." 

Mauv  of  thes(>  c(mipoimd  (lowers  i)ossess  medieinal  qualities.  Some, 
as  th(^  thistle,  dandelion,  wild  lettiiee,  aud  others,  are  narcotic;, 
being   supi»lied   with   an   abundance   of  bitter   milky  juice.     The 


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Siiiillow  CI'.  (N)i('o|isis,  C(»iic-I''l<>\v('i,  TiiLiwccd,  niid  Tiiiisy,  (•oiihiiif 
resinous  inopcilics. 

Tlic  iK'niilil'iil  Aslci  liiiiiily.  il'  iiol  iciiiiiikiililr  for  any  |>('ciili:ii'ly 
iiscl'iil  (|ii:iliti('s.  conlaiiis  niaiiy  liiulily  (mianiciilal  |»Iaii!s.  Niinicrdiis 
s|i('cir>  of  llicx'  cliaiiniiii:'  lloucrs  hcloni;'  to  our  Canadian  lloia  ; 
liimciiiii;'  with  us 

"  W'lii'ii  I'jiiivr  llowcrs  ;iic  all  ilccavcd," 

l»riLilil<MiinLL'  lii<'  \va>l('  |)lai('s  and  hanks  (»!'  hdxcs  and  hnudy  slrranis 
A\ith  slaii)  lht\\ci>  ol'  r\(iy  hue  and  >had('  -while,  |»early  hliie, 
and  dee|)  |)nr|»h':  wlnh'  (he  Solida^oes  (li'ohh'ii  rod,)  are  cidc- 
hraled  i'or  the  xalnaide  d\('>  that  are  yie|(h'd  hy  theii'  dee|»  li'ohlen 
hh)ssonis,  Ihit  lo  ictnrn  to  the  >iihj('(l  of  onr  artist's  phile,  llie 
Cone  Mower: 

The  I  hint  is  from  one  lo  tince  I'eel  in  height.  Ilu'  sleni  sini|de.  or 
hraiK  liinLi.  eaidi  hramdih't  terminal in^'  in  a  >in'ih'  hea(h  The  rays  are 
ol  a  deep  orange  eoh)nr.  \aryinLi  to  yidiow  :  the  h'a\('s  hroadU  lan- 
eeohile.  >onielinie>  once  or  twice  h»hed,  jiartly  tda-pinL;'  llie  ronLth, 
hairy  >lcin,  h(tary  and  of  a  dnli  L;reen.  lew  and  seatleicij.  The 
seah's  ol'  till  (dially  th.-k  are  of  a  <larl\.  shininL:'  |)in'|ih',  lornnni;' 
a  -oniewhat  depressed  eoin'.  Tiiis  species,  with  a  sienderei'- 
.^Icnnued  \a!iel\.  willi  I'ay.  of  a  u,'(dden  y(dh>w,  are  lo  he  met 
with  hiri:<'l\  dill'nscd  o\cr  the  l'ro\inee. 

Many  -ph'iidid  species  of  the  Cone  MovNcr  are  lo  he  joinni 
in  llic  wide-,-pread  prairie-  of  the  W'e-tern  State-,  where  Iheir 
hrilliant  slarr\  Ihiwcr-  aie  niiiiL:h'<l  with  niaii\  a  u'a^■  l>h»:>(.ni  known 
only  to  the  wihl  hnhan  hnnter.  an<l  the  herh  .-eid^in^  nie(|icine  men 
of  till'  nali\('  tiihe-,  who  I\n<iw  their  ineilicinal  and  healim;' <piahlies, 
ifthe\  are  iii>en,-il)le  to  their  onlward  heanlies. 


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