^■■l- 


■•  ■V--, 


i. 


m  ■• 


Microfic 

Series 

(Monogri 


■  ^^Kk 


ICMH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
(monogr^phle^ 


't: 

i .  ■ 


7- 


■  / 


Canadian  Instituta  for  Hiawricat  Microraproductlona  /  Inatftut  Canadian  ^  nnicroraproductlona  hiatoriquaa 


X;^ 


''  h 


^ 


i* 


Ttehnical  and  BiMiotrapltic  Notts  /  Noim  tMDtmiqiiM  tt  MMiotripHiqwN 


Tht  IrtttitUft  hM  ammptMl  to  qlMatn  th*  batt  orifinal 
copy  Mtilaltto  for  f Mminf.  FMturM  of  this  copy  wrtikh 
may  In  biblio#rapliieilly  uniqut,  wrtiich  m«y  altar  any 
of  tfM  imatat  in  tlia  raproduelion,  or  wliich  may 
'ligmfieantly  chan^  tha  usual  mathod  of  filmint,  ara 
chacfcad  balow. 


L'Inttitut  a  microfilm*  la  maillaur  aiiamplaira  qu'il 
lui  a  4tA  poniMa  da  m  procurar.  Las  iMtailt  da  cat 
aMampliira  qui  tont  pa«it-4tra  uniquai  d«i  point  da.  vua 
MMiofrapliiqifa,  qui  pauvant  modif iar  una  imaft 
raproduitt.  ou  qui  pauvant  axifar  una  inoditication 
dam  la  mAthoda  normala  da  f  i(ma|a  lont  indiquAi . 
ci-datMu*.  ' 


i 


1/ 


1/ 


Colourad  covart/ 
Couvartu^  da  coulaur 

Co«art  diimiiad/ 
Couvarnira  andommafia 


□  Colourad  paan/ 
Pafa*  da  coulaur 


El 


Pagndamagad/ 


V 


Covars/raftorad  aiid/or  laminatad/ 
Couva^ra  r«iti|urte  at/ou  palliculAa 

CoWtitlamittinfl/  • 

M  tttra  da  couwartura  manqua 


□  Pkgat  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Pagai  rattaUrdai  at/oU  pallicultes 

EPagas  ditcolourad,  itainad  or  foitad/ 
Pagat  d^cOlOrAas.  tachatto  ou  piquias 


ColiHirad  mppi/      > 

ftat  giographiquat  an  ieoulaur 


nPagas  datachad/ 
Pagasd«tach«as 


■■•«* 


irad  ink  (i.a.  othar  tfian  Mua  or  Wackji/ 
I  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  Maua  ou  noira) 


T"^  Showthrougli/ 
LJ£i  Transparanca 


□i 


irad  platM  and/or  illuitrationiA 
lanchas  at/ou  illustration*  an  coulaur 


Quality  of  print  variat/      ' 
Quality  inigala  da  rimprassion 


■  * 


riqu4 


*> 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
RaM  avac  d'autras  documanti  . 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  raliura  sarrte  paut  causar  da  Tombra  ou  de  la 
distorsi^  la  long  da  la  marga  int<f  iaura 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may  appaar 
within  tha  tfxt.  Whana.var  possiMa,  thasa  hava 
baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  ajoutAas 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxta, 
mais,  lorsqua  eala  itait  possiUa.  cas  pagas  n'pnt 
pas  M  f  ilmtes. 


D 


Additional  commahts:/  ' 
Commantairas  supplimantairas: 


This  itam  is  f  ilmad  at  tha  raduction  ratio  chackad  balow/ 


I       I  Continuous  pagination/ 
I       I  Pagination  eontinua 


D 


Includas  indax(as)/ 
Comprand  un  (das),  indax 

title  on  haadar  takan  from:/ 
La  titra  da  I'an-tlta  proviant: 


I       I  Title  page  of  issua/4 


Page  de  titre  de  la  livraisori 


□  Caption  of  issue/ 
Titre  de  depart  de  la  livraison 


D 


Masthead/ 

Generique  (piriodiques)  de  la  livraison 


10X 

/ 

14X 

18X 

r  vi-w« 

>swu> 

22X 

■  *'.' 

26  X 

■    ■  < 

30X 

■' 

• 

7 

* 

$: 

'■ ;  ' 

12X 

16X 

- 

ax 

24X 

28X 

■ 

32X- 

Thf  copy  ftlmtd  htrt  hit  b««n  r«prQduo«d  thanks 
to  th«  9«ntrgtitY  of : 

Emm«nuel  Library 

University  of  Toronto 

. •-  ■■  '■  '■  . ■  ■■  ■   '.    ■'  ■■■      .  ■■  ■      .  '  ■ 

Tho  Imogft  aploorinQ  horo  oro  tho  boat  quality 
posalbia  eonaidarihg  tha  condition  and  lagiblllty 
of  tho  orioinal  oopy  and  In  kaaping  with  tho 
fNming  oontract  apaolfioatlona. ; 

Original  ooplaa  in  printod  paparoovara  ara  fllmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  eovor  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  prlmad  or  llluitratad  Impraa* 
alon.  or.. tha  baoh  eovor  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  oopiaa  ara  fllmad  baginning  on  tho 
firat'|»a^a  with  a  printad  or  llluatratad  Imprao-  - 
f Ion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuatratad  impraaalon, 


Tho  laat  racordad  frama  on  oaeh  microficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  "N^  (moaning  "CON> 
TINUED").  or  tha  symbol  ▼  Imbaning  "END"). 
whiohovar  appiiaa, 

Mapa,  plataa.  charta,  ate.,  may  ba  fllmad  at 
different  reduction  rOtioa.  Thoae  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  OKpoaura  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'^xamplalra  fllm4  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la     , 
gAniroait*  da:' 

Bmatanuel   Library    -^ 
Unlveralty.  of   Toronto 

Lea  imagea  auiyantea  Ont  M  reproduites  avac  ta 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  do  la  condition  at 
do  la  nettet«  da  I'eiiemplaira  film*,  et  an 
oonformlta  avac  lea  eondltlor«  du  contrar  da 
flhnaga.  ; 

Lea  axemplalraLprlglnauN  dent  la  oouvartura  en 
papier  eat  ImprTmAe  sent  fiimas  an  comnf>enc:ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  •n  termlnant  soit  par^  la 
darniaro  page  qui  comporte  une  emprsjntfl^ 
d'Impression  ou  d'lllustretion,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  le  cea.  Tous  lea  autres  examplaircs 
originaux  sont  filmOa  an  commenpant  par  la 
pramiire  page  qui  comporte  une  emprointe 
d'impreeaion  ou  d'illuatratlon  at  en  tarminant  par 
la  derhi#re  page  qui  ebmporta' une  telle 
'Ompreinto«;'         ■'■'*;-'  ^  :"■..:''.:..  y*"-   ■ 

lih  dia  aymboloa  aiilvanta  apparattra  sur  la    : 
darniira  image  do  cheque  miorofiche.  seion  le 
cas:  la  symbole  -^^  signifie'A  SOIVRE".  le 
aymbolit  ▼  signifie  "FIN".       > 


Lea  eartaa.  pranehea.  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atra 
fllmas  A  dee  taux  da  radviction  diffarants. 
Lorsque  le  document  eat  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
reproduiten  un  aaul  clleha.  il  est  filma  a  partir 
da  I'angle  supOrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagea  niceaaaire.  Lea  diagrammes  suivants 
llluatrant  ia  mOthodo. 


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REFORMATION; 


':|t. 


••V  Tin- 


REV.   T.  S.  CARTWRIGHT, 


BBtofO  THE  SUBSTANCE  01^  TWp  LECTURES  DELIVERED  IN  HAMILTON 
AND  OTHER  PLACES,  AND  PUBLISHED  BY  REQUEST. 


.  / 
/ 
/ 


y 


/ 


"^PKfCE,    TEN    CENTS. 

\ 

'^I^O^PMTO  :/Ai)AH,  SntimoN  *  Co.,  aso  H.  Bowbll  *  Co.  HAMILTON  :  DracA*  ||fj 
*  Stuabt;  J.  Eastwood ik  Caf 'W.  Bkown  k  Co.; 

,  AHA  MAT  m  HAD  QF-ALL  V0OX8BLLIM. 

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LUTHp  AND  THE  REFORMATION : 

.'  \  ■■■■•■''..•■■    ' 

./  'illU   »tB8TANCIl  01^ 

'  ■■  nitt.ivcKKD  9Y  mm 

REV.    T.    S.    CARTWRIG 

a  IUIIII.TOII   A.M»  OTHEH   HLAOJtB,  ASH 


Tho  panncy,  a>t  it  oxistod  from  the  tontir  to  Hixtocntli  eoiiliii'y,  wns  a 
cbloHSivt  (lospotism— a  gigaiiHc  Hystciir'ofMipcrHtition  and  iVuutl.     It 
originat*)(l  in  corrupt  ambition  ;  it  nspirod  to  universal  Lomn/^Oj    Many 
of  the  doclrinci*  it  inculcatod,  and  many  of  tho  cercrau|^>«  it  obscrvod, 
implied  a  porvorwion  of  Holy  Scriptinr,  and  a  doifB|5;o   I'rom   tho- 
tiracticoH  of  tKo  oarly  ChriKtian  Ghnrch ;  whilo  in  its  K^tf i-nl  tendency . 
and  influohco  it  ignored  the  right  Oi' private  judgment,  domed  the  elainiH 
of  individual  liberty,  and  HuporindWed  a  state  of  intellectual  bondage 
and  social  domorfltlization.     Tho  ago  pi-ocoding  tho  lloformation  i« 
signalized  in  history  for  its  ignonincoCand  pollution,     A»  though  the  pro- 
diction  of   tho  JowisllK  prophet  hady  received  a  Hocond   verification^ 
«*  Darkness  covered  tho  earth,  and  gross  darkuess  the  people."     Tho 
Bible  was  a  sealed  book;  Spiritual  reliUon  had  boon  extinguished  by  ,' 
heresy  and  superstition ;  in  tjie  monastciries  immorality  was  rampant ; 
in  tho  Church  tho  Topo  was  okftlted  abovV the  Saviour^  and  throughout 
all  classes  of  society,  as  well  intlio  courtW  in  tho  cottage,  there  was  a 
condition  of  abject  fear,  und  of  roligious  destitution  and  dread. 

It  was  nearly  two  hundred  ycai-s\boforo  Luther  appeared;  upon  tho 
Bcono  that  John  Wyclyfto  raised  his  voico-^hn^  laboured  hard  and 
Buffered  long^  to  expose  the  errors,  and  aiinihilatotho  influence  of  tho 
papacy  in  the  English  Ghurch  ftnd  natlOnV  His  spint  had  been  ciiught, 
his  example  followed,  by  John  Htiss  and  ^oromo,  of  Prague,  who,  in 
Bohemia  and  other  places,  scattered  widel}\the  seeds  of  reform,  and 
8tru"'"'letl  bravely  to  erect  a  rampart  of 'deface  against  the  further 
^jncroachments  of  the'papal  power.  Their  I aboljrs  seemed  fruitless  of 
ali,  save  persecution.  The  Pope  retained  a  cruel  ascendancy,  alike  in 
Church  and  State.  Around  his  throne  were  j^ather^d  a  crowd  of  malig- 
nant priests,  waiting  to  do  his  bidding,  and  panting  foil  the  blood  of  tho 
Lollards  and  Hussites;  and  perhaps  ncyer^  amidst  all  tho  darkness  and 
discomfort  of  the  middle  ages,  had  Europe  presented  a  rabro  dcplorahlo 
condition  than  \vhcn  Lco'^X.  ascended  the  pontifical  chaii^  and  Martin 
Luther  began  his  crusade  against  the  errors  of  tho  Church. 
— ^Thero  were  needed-a  giant  mi«d-aBd  a  UonieArt4a-grapplo-with:the_ 


0 


>  ■ 


irh. 


w  ^ 

nc  (■oiiiinoii  Htmni)  wan  iiiiciiuul  to  tliu  tiiHk.  It  wiih  not  it 
,'m-illutin|f  aiul  liinkl.  Only  nn  original,  oxtruortlinury  c 
it  moot  Iho  tMncrKonty,  ami  HUpply  tho  jMiltlii!  want.     In  L 


indthelii'fonncjition. 

k  of  Hocioty,  and  to  bravuUho  dangoi-H  which  nnght  cnHuo.     A  natiih) 
tnc  coninioii  Htanip  wah  iiiiiciiuut  to  thu  taHJc.     It  \\m  not  a  oriniH  for 

haructor, 
iUthor  tbo 


ho    |MmM<,sMC(l    nothing 


« ^  Luther 

R.R. 

ov 

of 

thov 

couhl  nio 

ro(|uiHi(o  ondownionlH  mot;   and  allowing  that    ho    im 

j>ro-lfrnalnral,  no'Hju'cial  gift  of  nroplun-y,  no  miraculoiiH  attoMliilioii  of 

a  divino  nii^Hion,  ns  had  thu  iim]ihotN  of  thu  Old  iknd  tho  apoHtlcH  of  (ho 

Noyr  ToHlatnont,  Htill  ho  waH  invoMtu<l  with  a  moral  oninipotonco,  n« 

Ions  (hull  mIiIi  iin  inlulloctiial  HiJooriority,  which  ooablod  hint  to  frown 

Mitcin  oorriiption  and  error,  and  \vhi<'h  i)roimriHl  him  to  hocomo  tho 

chainpion  of  Ihoir  oxposuro  aniKdoatht     ...... 

In  4'vorv  ago,  and  in  ovory  pmi'i',  characlovs  appear  who  Hoom  mado 
lor  aiiylhing  rathor  than  lofdrnicrH.  Thoy  loiihtituto  tho  bulk  of 
hoi'ioly.  Of  what  (■onso(|iion(-(j/(o  tliom  aro  (ho  orrorrt  anil  almiirditioH 
which  provail. around  (hem  ?  /Thoy  arc  unwilling  (o  porccivo.or  iinahlo 
to  correct  (hem.  Wliat !«  called  •'  properly  constUuted  authority  ''  may 
gt)  to  alnio>t  any  longdm  in  Violating  tho  forniHof  jiiMtico  ami  (ho  rights 
of  liidlvidiiDlH,  hOloiig  ar4  it  Icwvit's  nnlouchcd  their  pr{)])cr(y  and  pci-HonH. 
Hiicli''indivi<liial!+  claim  to  ho  considered  (ho  coiiHcivators  oC  public 
instiditioiiH;  «nd  wi(li  an  aU'ectation  of  hiiijiriKo  nnU  «lread,  (hoy  look 
upyn  tho  ii»»n  >vho  has  tho  tojnci" 
Vi,«*ageH,  or  to  (leiiounco  prevailing 

in  the  (layH  of  Lutlior ;  it  formod  ono  of  the  grand  obsdicloH  wi(h  which 
he  had  to  contend.  If  a  few  more  dovout  and  thoughdiil  momborM  of 
the  ('huroli  wcro  convinced  that  some  change  wan  necoshary  in  tho 
administration  of  ccclesiasdcal  aH'airs,  it  never  occurred  to  them  to 
question  (he  right  of  the  Vojie  to  do  absolutely  as  lie  ]ileaHcd  ;  and  that 
ijuther  should  jiroHuine  to  do  ho,  was  a  shock  to  their  nervous  system, 
and  an  outrage  upon  tlicir  sense  ol  proprioly,  which  iiiado  tlicm  shrink 

The  reiimant  of  this'spirit  still 


jnority  to  call  in  (juestion  established 
g  errors.     This  spirit  was  predominant 


i'romh  im  as  iVoni  a  fiend  incarnate 
religious  projects  ;  and  wo 


starts  np  Iwfore  us,  to  bar  oiiv  progress  in  itoft^ical  iHovonients  and  in 

s  projects ;  and  wo  iioW,  all  of  us,  more  oif  the  lieroic  courage 

and  moral  power  which  enabled  Ijiitlier  to  bravo  tlie  wratli  of  tho  Vdpi 


and  the  censure  of  friends,  to  trample  down  the  prejudkcs  of  thojnast, 
and  to  a8.sert  liberty  and  truth  for  ovory  ago  and  every  man.  Tlioro 
are  more  cowni-ds  than  horoeu  in  socioty.  In  matters  of  conscioncoWo 
are  sometimes  afraid  to  speak — we  dafo  not  Jict.  A  refined  sentimen- 
tality is  robbing  the  ago  of  its  heroism  aqd  manhootl.  Womust  break 
loose  from  tho  thraldom  of  tradition  and  ciwtom,  if  avo  are  to  leave  our 
impress  upon  the  age,  and  jday  inanfully  our  part  in  the  coming 
etriiggles  of  the  Church.  It  is  immaterial  what  our  contemporaries  may 
think,  or  what  our  Corofathors  niayj  have  been  or  done.  The  standara 
of  our  faith  is  the  Bible ;  the  rule  of  our  livos  ijnmst  be  liberty  and 
truth;  and  in  the  maintenance  of  these  wo  must  stand  erect  in  all  tho 
consciousness  of  manhood,  and  think,  and  speak,  and  write,  and  act, 
with  an  onthusiasnf  and  courage  which  have  shouted  victory  at  tho 
stake,  and  which  never  know  dofogt.    ,    .    .    .     .     . 

The  early  education  of  Luther  was  a  suitable  preparation  for  his 
fiituro  work.  It  was  not  in  vain  that  ho  had  toiled  with  his  father  in 
tho  woods,  and  moved  among  the  mining  associations  of  Mansfeld. 
His  plays  and  frolics  on  the  banks  of  tho  Wippor,  tho  thrashings  ho 
received  and  the  sufferings  ho  endui-ed,  all  tended  to  dovolopo  tho 
elements  of  his  character,  and  to  make  him  the  hero  of  the  Bbformati(^. 


r 


\k 


SEAIANTIC 


'        Luther  and  the  litformalion.  .  '      $_  t 

,,     .     ,.    {     ,    Ah  ovorylxKly  knowH,  IiUt)u*r  wuh  Utvn  in  huiiiltlo  olrctim-  • 
ntnhc<w,  ftnd  M|Kmt  inucli  of  hm  yoinliliil  lifu  in  piiviitioii  aiul  liunlMliip. 
His   tiithor  WWH  a   minor;    liin   niuthor   tin*  4iui;^lif»'r  of  u  iHiw'U  of 

miHonmii,  roti|H)ctnhls)  but  [Kwir.    According;  to  Liitln'r  hiniHcll",  hi«  fiUhor 
ollt^ii  cut  woikI,  aixl  liiH  nioilior  niiTJod  it  on  liur  lm«  U,  timt  tli<«y  ini|<lit 
«ttrn  tho  nuMins  of  un  lionoHl   livinj^,  iiml  |tr«»vitl»<  for  ilio  nliM-j^tioii  of 
thoir  MOHH.     IIi»tli  \vor«i  ilovoiit  in  tho  oW'rviini-o  of  roli>(it»UH  ril«M  ;  Mv\ 
lK)th  Mtruf?gliiil  l»ruv«ly  to  train  up  tlioir  «hil<lr»ii  in  titu  wuy  thoy 
hhouhl  ^o.     ...... 

In  till)  lioniOH  of  povorly  uniUlio  loins  of.  laliour  llicro  Ik  hoinotliing 
prt'ominonlly  fiivouralilo  to  tho  forniatioil  of  ^roat  thuractorH.  Manv 
of  our  moral  horocM  havo  Imhmi  mouhlod  in  this  school,  And  owo  nnudi 
of  thoir  iutuVo  oniintMico  'and  hucj-c'ss  to  tin*  influonocs  whifli  (horo 
iio/^an  iniiHMtoptihly  (o  \v«nli  upon  Ihoiii.  As  n'Aiil>i;;no  puts  it,  tho 
rofornu'r  /wini^lo  oin«}r;i(vl  from  a  shophord's  hut  nmonf,'  tho  Alpn; 
Molancthon,  tlio  Ihoolo^ian  of  tho  Kolormalion,  from  an  arniouror'i* 
Hhop  i  and  Lulhor  from  tho  ooltnKo  of  a  p<M»r  niinor.  In  nnxlorn  days, 
oivo  namo  stands  prominontly  f«M\var<l  in  illuslratioii  of  this  ronuirk. 
From  a  ootta;^o  honu)  in  Sootiand,  and  IVom  amidst  tho  toil  and  din  of  • 
factory  lifi",  David  fjivifiiKstono  was  raised  up  to  astoun<l  and  holiollttho 
world  l»3' his  travels  and  roHfarchos.     .     ....     .     Tho  luxury  of 

Imiacos  Hooms  unsuiled  to  vi.ijo|-ous  montnl  olVort.  It  is  soldom  that 
)rilliant  courtioi-s  hoeomo  I  ho  loaders  of  ^roat  rofonns,  Thoir  ro^^idai*, 
oasy-iroin^  livos,  H(  tliom  ruthor  for  silont  aciiniosonoo  than  for  hattio 
an<l  i'or  stcu-m ;  and  when  fjjroat,  revolutions  havo  to  ho  pnxluced  in 
either  tho  prineiplos  of  tho  Church  or  the  custonis  of  mieioty,  tho 
i-ou/^h  and  ready  ^vork  'ui^  ho  tlwrn*  hy  those  who  huvo  boon  inurod  to 
contliet  and  toii.  '  w^^''  " 

In  his  earliest  years^Htilhor  e>\caped  tho  enfecldini^  influences  of 
idleness  and  luxury.  From  youth  to  nmiMiood  he  wiw  fiimiliur  with 
Hcones,  and  contended  with  (.thstucles,  whi«h  ;i;avo  acutenoss  to  \m 
understanding,  energy  to  his  jairpoho,  and  slrenj^th-to  his  emotion,  ami 
which'  Ibrmccfiu  part,tho  socretof  his  future  brilliant  success.  While 
i-osidiiig  with  his  father  he  aciiuiretl  the  oloments  of  an  onlinary 
education.  At  fourteen  yours  of  ago  ho  left 'Mansfeld,  in  company 
■With  one  John  lleinick,  to  visit  Magdelmrgh,  tho  scat  of  an  Archbishop, 
and  where  wore  established  some  of  theniost  celebrated  scliools  of  tho  mid- 
dle agotJ.  Aji  atVeeting  scone  it  was,  as  (the  lK)ys  left  their  native 
village  and  humble  homes,  without  much  money,  but  with  nmny 
bright  hopes,  sorrow  in  thoirhearts,nnd  eyes  brimful  with  tears.  Still 
more  artectihg  was  the  recital  of  their  future  privations  and  wants.  In 
the  schopls-of  Alagdoburgh  it  was  customary  for  tho  studontn  to  i)ay  for 
their  own  maintonauco  and  education  out  of  tho  alms  bestowed  upon 
them  by  the  rich,  under  whose  windows  they  san{5''about4>vico  a  week, 
or  from  what  they  earned  by  psalmody  in  tho  church  choU*.  They 
wbro  indeed,  os  a  French  historian  says,  schools  of  trial,  of  Abnegation, 
and  of  sorrow;  in  which  a  severe  discipline  was  administered,  but  from 
which  6omo  of  tho  brightest  lights  of  Germany  havo  JKsued,— made  more 
pure  and  brilliant  by  the  struggles  through  which  they  passed.  Luther 
had  a  sweet,  melodious  voice,  ami  was  over  i>assionntoly  fond  of  music ; 
but,  during  his  residchco  in  Magdoburgh,  lie  failOtl  to  obtain  enough  by 
flinging  to  compensate  his  master  for  more  than  a  year's  education. 
IjDstead  of  money  he  often  received  harsh  wonls;  hq  somotimes  wont 


¥[ 


.  »1. 


LL 

IE 


**'■ 


'W\..-$-^ 


*  2«<^er  tf„^  /^^  litformation 

Hho   llirou-   tho   poor  HH.olar  n   fml     1      '.''j'"'''''"  h'  I'Ih  PovoHi' 
which  (,u.klo,l.|,,vv,,hlHohXH  o,v..l    i'"    ''""''^"«-     '»    "'"  <««.^ 

wifoor(;oM.il(,-o„a.     /rrnorynvSr ''■'''•  '^'■''-'''^  nho  was      L 

By  in.m,,H'((ii,^all.M.lHm  (o  hLHt,,n^^^^^  

Mdn,u.lhou.s:u^s,,,H»o,l(h...loli7(:     ■•■-  '"'"  '    "'"'     " 

I'irlm-th.    Jn.'Iifif„ril,  "  '' 


"-V..W   .va*  nioiuiiii.llv  Nfii.ll.fl     1  Hill  yoiNify.     Tho  f«-hohisli<. 

ro";i.  U'ijh  a'li  ,1.0 a,;/!.,    ■  .:,,.';;; 'y;;';-"  <•'"-.>•« won. as.i.i'a;;± 

hn«  ox.|.rosso.l  I I...,  'r    M.'I'!"-*''l»"(iii^'  niooiMnioi,  of^rolaruthorV 


jm.  ox,a.sso.,  ;v,r;r  u^uTi^;:  r^-';;;;|;;^;';"  <>i.inion  or.rHa;:..;!;;; ; 

I'-^OMr  .luc'trit.os  of  a  ,,„o  „|,    ,     ..         7'\y  '"""'♦'1^^  »o  those  tranr,  "| 
"spc.•|tic^sof  hi.c.h«ra    or'  ^''^'  '''"*•''  ""«"'»  '"«vo  Koao,  oU      o 


asporitics  of  his  c'haiaotor. 

A.!^l!':'^'n/'>r  <  -  3  oars/ 1„  t  r ,  f -S^^^^ 


wltgioii.    Tho  an  of  printing  .  ,   i  "^  **'^^"'"«  "P""  Utomtrtrc,  as  n,Z 

ovoa  on  j^rcat  ocasion..    Itwt  ?l.o   U^y"''*!-^;'*''?^^"  ^«  visitor.; 
monuNUs,,f  rohixaliof^  (ovisr.V'rr  •     "  "^  "'  J^''i''or,  (luring  his 

.,chnn(.i"d  to  siinnblo  a,,oi,  a  o(.  I  ,  r    i     c.      *-"•     ^"  «"«  "f  those  visits  ho 

,ju.w  i^oic;  ho  ha.i  .i^n'.:ou;;  ^  t  'sti;i;i;'%- ''  r^^^'  *^ '^^^ « 

'  '^V ith  tho  ]{,I,|o  was  in  (ho  iriiiti  i(«  I  V.       •       "'/.'^  '^"'>'  "fQumntanco 
Fo.s<..nto.l  in  the  clcvo(iona|  Clo^''^^  ^A  !    7'"!  ^''^^mints  wore 
comn.on  hook.     It  is  scattcro<lXoia  sfth -nl        ,  ThoUiWo  is  now  a 
lu  every  lil^rary;  it  adorns  «.vmf.?.     ^' '«"«»'  <'>o  Horld.     Wo  find 
Us  stories;  the  ,M,or  inl urits  I.Sk  "'^^^  «""•  ^''''''J^on  li" 

flows  tln-on;,hev!.ry  land"  mitmiw'tli"l''r^T''  "'^«  »  «trenm,  /t 
anjKs,.j,o,-s(iti„„,  an,l  <nfl-ii=^in/on v^Xn.T  n  ^^  %noraAco 


i    ' 


SEP  y    iMKhi 


^.^^j'.  tj^^ 


•\. 


'■  t  w' 


«nnu'  ill  Ihto  nt 

wnsnUrncfod  Uy 
h'  ''In  l^'vnty, 
'  <'"ln.     liiitliur 
''I'N',  i-nim<d  |||„ 
III    tlio  (ohni 
'>r  IiIh  hoiiI.     II. 
"I  Mint  ttio  I«,v 
•I  tiUlhvr  foiitul 
""Uxl,  tiiMl  tlio 
II     niioiilil      j,(, 
«'i«>  in  «loiioiii|. 
I";  hIk)  was  Oio 

fJ^llllllK*!  oI'IiIh 

I'll*'  K'liiniaiiuel 

•     •     •     .     . 

y  Pxrollo*!   fii 

•I      linvill/f,     HH 

liH  »»3(w  ii|to',i 

Tlio  f*cli(>laMHc 

IH'  aN,-.:(liioiiHly 
IJH-If  »„  |,ot|,. 

'" '»''  a  niil<loi' 
Wsc  traMqii^ 
ftonc'iii'ii  tho 

flrHt  Ix'cnmo 
•I'll  liad  Leon 
i«  witJi  ovory 
nn'incipully  ,. 
icf  cnilx)*i)H)(j 
/rtrc,  as  upon 
onhor^r,  n,„i 

icrorl  bookK. 
)ui'clmso(l  a 
to  viHitors, 
(luring  his 
it  ho  might 
e«o  visltH  ho 
cdtohlma 
?qumntanco 
fionts  Avcro 
lo  is  now  a      *" 
•    Wo  find 
ildron  lisj» 
Htrenin,  it 
ignorance 
oaoiir  and 
t  clovating 


Lulhcr  and  the  jit'/ormation. 


■^ 


» 


'.  oducndon.     W"  li"'!  rnl-hop  jmrt  with  all  than  lo4«o  that  i»rctloUH  Vktok. 
A  nUwmy  hucitUKO  our  lilo  would  hu  without  itM  light  aiid  iK>wor. 

Itut  III  Lulhoi-'H  youtlil\il  duyrt'  tho  Hihlo  was  |M>|)u!arly  unl<tjnwn.* 
Kvoii  gnivo  profoj-KorH  and  loariicd  prii-HtH  woro  ignorant  of  itH  IrulhM. 
,  .  .  .  Tho  cui'ioHily  of  liUthoi'  was  ar«)UMCMl  hy  his  nowly  found 
troiiNuro.  With  univ»<tniliiod  ouiotioii^  ho  o|u'nod  Iho  l)o<»k,t«)  road.  It 
wiw  thoMloiyoVSahiiuJ  anti  Hannah  on  whit  h  his  oyo  ullKhtcd.  Thoro 
waMUHiniplicily,  uhoaulv,  n  londornoss  al<out  tho  nan-alivu,  all  poddiar 
mid  now,  whioh  tlllo*l  liis  imagination  and  ovor|H)\vofod  hiH  mail.  Uti 
ooiild  scaiVoly  rowtiniii  his  tcai-H.  "O,  myOiMl!  I  tsaild  not  w#hW: 
any  i-ichoi*  posHOH>doii  than  kucIi  a  liooh  us  this!"  at  length  lu'oho  tVcnu 
hiH<|uivoi'ing  lips.  At  pri'sont  uidliiuiliar  wilh  tlio  (IivoU  and  Uoluow, 
lu)«|ould  not  read  tho  Hililo  in  tho  laiigua<<os  in  whioh  il  had  lioon  (u-igiii- 
^ftlly  writton,  Ihit  day  al'l«<r  day  h<'  irlurnod  to  tho  lil>niry,  took  down 
tho  Mumo  ImioU,  road  tho  Namo  «tory,  tlion  I'oimd  a  mow  oiio,  Ihon  roa<l 
and  ro-road  tho  wliulo  until  ho  aliisoiluMl  it  into  his  vory  nutuio  and 
loantod  upon  it-  as  his  daily  HhxI.  A  luw  W-^hi  was'dawiiing  upon  hi-i 
mind;  a,  now  iinpidso  wan  moving  in  Ids  hoart.  As  |VAul»i;;no  ^ayH,. 
"Tho  roronnation  lay  hid  iii  that  lli!>|o."  It  too!v  prcoodoiuo  of 
ovory  olhor  bonk;  it  ctuinuHl  to  oxoi-oi^o  unljniitod  «-onlro|.    .    .     ,     ,• 

At  thiH  orisin  an  iiioidont  oeoiu rod  which  gavo  ft  lolouring  and  Hhapo 
to  J#u(hor's  luluio  plans.  An  lntiiii\to  Irioud  nainod  AloXia  >vas  tilfuok 
Uoad  by  hin  Hide,  hoiiio  wrilors  way  by  assa/tsinalitui,  olhovsi  hyjv  thuiulor- 
lK)It.  It  irt  oortain  llm!  Lutlior  wa>+  alainuil,  and  liiUt  uh  ho  tiomblo<l 
for  his  own  Kifoly,  bo  was  ovortakon  by  Jl  t-lfirni.  Above  I  ho  rolling 
thundor  ho  hoard  a  voico  whioh  ^aid,  •'  To  I'hoCloistor !  To  tho  I'loistoi!  " 
IIo  invokod  tho  Huccour  oCHl.  Anno;  ho  vowotl  to  oinl>r:ico  a  roligioun 
lifo.  A  fow  ovouiiigs  aflor  ho  iuvllod  his  ohosen^Viouds  to  hharo  liiM 
Himplo  roi>ast,  Tlioy  woro  happy  in  mutual  lovo;  mu^io  onlivonod  tho 
RCOilo.  Uut  In  tho  miilHt  <tf  tlii'ir  gaioty,  Lulhor  pi-ociainicil  his  vow. 
Ilirt  friontlH  ronionslnitod  ;  ho  Avas  (loaf  to  llioir  np|)v:ds;  ami  quitting 
tho  vhambcr  without  bidding  thom  adiou,  lio  loft  his  furniluro  and  his 
books,  and  taking  w4th  him  hin  Plautus  and  his  Virgil — an  epic  poom 
and  a  comedy,  us  one  WTiter  says — st  rango  plot  uio  of  his  ihon'Kt  ningo  stato 
if  mind-^ho  hurriod  thrtiugli  tlio  darknoss  of  nighj.  loiho  galo  of  tho 
AugUMtinian  Convont,  *'Opon,  in  the  nanie  of  (Jod!"  niud  JjUthor. 
V  What  do  you  want  ?"  demanded  the  brotherju  ohargo.  '^  To  consocrato 
Imysolf  to  God,"  wtts  tlio  reply.  "Amen! '  aiiHweied  tho  tViaiyus  hd 
;<)i)oned  tho  giito;  and  in  uiiolhor  monionfc  Luther  was  .se))arated  IVom 
|tno  world,  bin  parents,  and  his  frioiidH.  TlVe  tiv-\t  day  ho  sent  back  to  tho 
lUuiVorslty  tho  insignia  of  his  degree,  tho  I'yljo  and  tho  ring  he  hifd 
i-ccoivoddn  1503.  .       ^^     , 

j     Aprofoti,nd8cnsation  was  produced  by  Lulhcr^s  Right.,    Tho  professors 

)  Wore  diHtrbksod  ;  his  father  was  enraged.     Tho  former  sent  a  depulailoii 

jvto  porsuado  him  to  recall  his  vow;  ho  refused  to  soo  tlu*m.     Thw,  latter^ 

,  dtsappointcd  in  tho  expectation  ho  had  formed  of  liisnon  attaining' 

I  briUiantdi8t^ction,andperchaiuo  forming  n  lucrative  marriago,  wroto 

him  an  angry  letter,  in  which  ho  withdrew  his  favour,  and  disinlioritod. 

I  him  of  hia  lovo.     Still,  Luther  romainod  infloxiblo  in  his  jmrposo.     IIo 

hoard  tho  voico  of  Goid,  and  could  no  longer  con  lor  with  flesh  and  blOod> 

It  was  a  mysterious  power  which  movctl  his  soul ;  it  w|\8  a  hand  onmi- 

potent  which  fik(iX)Gd  Ms  path;    Tho  work  awaitingllun  in  tho  futurtr 


I. 


IK. 


ifrj- 


, 


*^ 


}  I* 


6 


'^»^^-«'****wi^W"' 


LtUher  and  the  lieformatim. 


■\ 


roquiicd  fiuniliarlfy  with  tho  written  Avord ;  tho  Hlfrug^IoH  which  wor» 
to  cn)\vti  Ills  litb  <loi)Miii(lo(l  earnest'  preiiaration  in  ednimunion  witii 
Ood.  Jle  know  not  an  y«l  tho  nutui-o  of  tho  pi'ocoHH  througli 
whioli  ho  ]>it>i.sc(l, — wjm  uneotiK-ioiis  of  tlio  (iohtiny  ho  noon  ttt  uo 
ditKjIo.sod.  ^  Tlio  J)ulty  was  moulding  liim  in  llin  own  inui|<o,  im» 
plnating  witliin  liini  tlic  ftrorniH  ol'ii  dinno  lifo,  Intrning  into  hid  very. 
Hbuf  tho  liiltli,  llio  liopo,  tiio  counvgc,  tho  iovo,  wirieh  formed  tho 
oloinoiits  oflilM  lioroisni,  and  wiii'rli  laid  deop  (lio  foundation  of  llcfoi-m; 
ftnd  wlicn  tho  appointed  tinio  arjjjvcd, — ^^wlion  tlio  vorriiptions  of  tlio 
Churtii  woro  hoary  witit  tlio  aj^'o,  and  (ho  iinivcrHul  mind  began  to  uj)- 
hoavo  with  in(|iniy  and  thoiigiif, — ho  oanto  forth  from  hiw  rotroat,  lilto 
,  ^lo.tort  dosiondlng  froni  tho  mount,  roflocting  in  his  imago  tho  glory  of 
tlio  Invi-iihlo,  anti  boaving  in  hiu  hand  tho  tabloH of  tho  Law  ;  and  with 
that  dusty  old  vtdumolw  had  found  ui)on  tho  library  nholf  ait  Erfurth 
UH  hlfs Ituftis  and  his  fulcrum,  ho  moved  and  Bhook  tho  Avorld  in  anumncr  , 
of  whioh  (jialiloo  had  novor  droamod.  And  tho  Hamo  myhtoriouB  jiowpr 
attaehv's  to  the  Biblo  now.  It  Htill  breathes  the  voice  of  tho  OninijKX- 
tent,  and  uiuto^  in  one  the  hunian  and divino  ;  and  wherovcr  its  influ- 
cnci/pormcatCH  the  souJ,  and  its  dootrinos  become  the  foundation  of 
human  faith  and  tho  guide  of  hnmandife,  it  still  proves  itself,  as  in  da^'M 
of  yori?,  the  harbinger  and  safeguard  of  lilierty  and  peace,  ot  ja-ospority 
and  ]io\ver,  in  tho  famil}-,  in  the  Oliurch,  in  tho  nation,— in  the  civil  as 
in  tile  re^Iigious  a^airsollifo.  Tllero  couhl  have  been  no  Reformation 
\vith(.mt  this  glorious  old  Bible,  then  so  imperfectly  understoml ;  'and 
dcsiiite  the  snocrs  of  a  few  sceptical  philosophers,  who  now  delight  to 
Ktvlo  it  a  Avorn  out  fable,  it  still  holds  oit  its  c( 


fii ftils^ts  hoavon-bon 


con<piering  way,  it  still 


imago  of  its  Creator,  shall  enjoy  tho  blissflil  calm,  and  sing  the 
.  ing  song,  whlciTmado  Eden  in  the  days  of  old  the"  vestibule  of 


^  j'li  mission,  it  still  shakos  the  world  by   its  eilont 

energy  and  its  still  small  voice  ;  and  this  it  will  do  till  ovoiy  vestigo  of 
MipoVstition  has   boon  removed,   and   till   humanity,  renewed  in  tho 

the  inspii'- 
hoavon. 

^  Tho  convent  life  of  Lather  was  an  oarnest  struggle  to  ho  good.  Ho 
liad  fblt  tho  pangs  of  conscionce  and  tho  miserj'  of  sin.  No  particular 
crime  had  been  or  could  bo  charged  against  him.  As  a  student  his 
conduct  Avas  most  exemplary.  His  companions  loVed  him;  the  pro- 
fessors wore  proud  of  him.  In  only  one  instance  had  ho  kuoAvingly 
aettid  in  disregaiHl  of  his  father's  wishes,  and  that  was  in  assuming 
monastic  vows.  Yet  ho  was  haunted  with  impressions  of  guilt,  tom- 
fied  at  the  prospect  of  fiitui-e  wrath.  A  conviction  had  spizod  Ids  mind 
that  he  wascover<5d  with  a  spiritual  leprosy,  that  ho  was  tormented 
„with  an  inward  devil:  It  coloured  fill  his  views,  embittered  all  his 
pleasures,  directed  all  his  plans.  An  impenetrable  cloud  hung  over 
him;  ho  gj'oaned  in  agony ;  lind  as  ho  read  his  books,  and  pursued  his 
labors,  and  applied  himself  to  his  devotions,  it  was  with  a  restless  4osiro 
for  poaco,  and  with  a  feeling  which  bOTxlcrod  on  despair.  /     .. 

•  For  a  mind  in  such  a  ferment  only  one  remedy  can  avail/  It  is 
useless  to  trust  exclusively  in  things  external.^  Nothing  sho^t  of  the 
Omnipotpnt  can  still  the  tempest  of  the  soul.  Only  the  voice  of  Jesus, 
as  it  soimdcd  o'er  the  Galilean  lake,  can  speak  in  tones  Avhich  winds  iand 
devils  must  obey— "Peace,  be  still,"  "It  is  I,  be  npt  afraid!"  Tho 
refuge  qf  the  contrite  sinnCr  is  in  tho  cross  of  Calvarj'.  .On  that  cross 
the  Lamb  ofGod  was  slain;  and  by  his  precious  death  redemption  has 


rm>^  rik    i'  I 


■?""1 


;\..v •,./,;■•■ .  ■ 

blch  wo»  rC^ 
iiion  witli        .\. 

tlirougli 
on  ttt  Jjo 
nago,  ira» 
hid  vory ,  ,^ 
>rmod  tho 
['Keform} 
us  of  tho 

nil    to   up-  y 

roat,  •liko     — "-■ 
)  gloi'y  of 

and  wilh 
t  Hrfiirth 
aniunncr  . 
>UH  power 

OinnijMK 

iIh  inmi- 
Uation  of 
isinduyH 
rospcrity 
0  civil  as  \  ' 
'ormation  \  , 
ood ;  'and  \ 

flight  to 
r,  it  still 
its  silent 
vostigo  of 
id  in  tho 
10  inspii^ 
f  hoavon. 

ood.  Ho 
larticulor 
iidcnt  his 
tho  pro-  , 
iao\yingly' 
assuming 
ilt,  toiTi- 
hls  mind 
M'montod 
3d  all  his 
ung  over 
rsuoci  his 
essdosiro 

il/  It  is 
rt  of  the 
of  Jesus, 
nnds  iand 
I"  Tho 
hat  cross 
ption  has 


X 


iSii 


■  ; 

■    !  ■■  .     ' 

i 

*['■■'■■ 

-    .    ! 

A  -      ■■: 

■; 

-    -t  •  ■  ••    ■ 
i    •■    " 

,  .  _   ■■ ,  •  ■ 

ir:     '■ 
'  \     ■ 

< 

-y        -■ 
i 

/»        '   ..  •  Lvihtr  ami  the  lieformatior^-,'  T  ;    T 

boon  Ixmght.  From  Calvary  stream  ravs  of  light  to  choor  our  sorrow- 
ing mindg  ;  fVom  Calviuy  How  woi-d»  ol  peace  which  bid  us  not  doHpair. 
It  was  thither  Lulhcr  should  have  gone,  and  with  his  weeping  o'yos 
and  trembling  soul,  havelookctl  u|)on  tho  J>oity-Incal'nato.  .  .  .  Ho 
ttftorwards  did  (his,  and  iinmediatoly  "a joy  unspeakable"  tlllo<l  hiH 
mind.     But  lit  the  early  stages  of  his  spiritual  struggle  ho  had  no  clear 

Sorceptiori  of  tho  plan  of  salvation  as  unfolded  in  tho  iJible.  All  tha 
octrines  of  theology,  and  all  tho  meinbors  of 'the  Church,  were  limited 
in  thoir  views  by  traditions  which  for  generations  j)ast  had  been 
gathering  o'er  tho  Church.  Tho  common  iiU'ii  of  a  religious  life  was  in 
tlio  seclusion  of  tho  Convent.  It  ,was  only  by  fasts  and  penances^  by 
severe  flagollat ions  of  body,  by^feoniy  dejection  of  mind,  and  by  aus- 
tere devotion  of  life,  that  the  pcWToiit  could  hope  lor  imrdon  and  peace. 
The  delusion  took  IWI  .jiosscsHioii  of  the  mind  of  Lutiicr.  He  entered 
the  Augustiiiian  Convent  with  a  clear  persuasion  that  there  was  no 
j&ther  door  through  which  he  could /enter  hoavcii,  and  with  an  earnest 
resolve  to  prove  liimyelf  worthy  of  the  illustrious  brotherhootl,  and  «)f  Ids 
ftituro  heaven.    .    ..    .  \    ,    .  .  .  ■  », :  #    t.  .    .  '  ■,;_■'  . 

Tho  eonvents  of  tho  middlo  ages  are  not  to  bo  indiscriminately  coir 
domncd.  Tlioro  wore  many  deplorable  (tvils  connccled  with  tlienv 
Thoy  were  often  marked  by'hlleness  and  luxury,  l)y  tyranii}'  and,  la^t- 
Many  of  their  inmates  were  eontomptiblo  hypocrites,  with  slmllQ'y^ 
brains  ami  ]>olluted  souls,  too  idle  lo,work,  and  too  ignorant  to  tei^dr. 
Such  "houses"  wore  a  curse  to  the  land,  and  a  reiH:oach  upon  tboGhinrcJi. 
But  the  princiiilo  on  which  nionastie  institutions  wore  based  waS  hot» 
originally  bad.  In  some  eases  they  realized  the  idea  of  their  Ibuiidcrs, 
nnd4iocamo  at  once  asylums  for  the  destitute,  and  schools  for  the  pi*o- 
Borvation  and  growth  of  art,  and  literature,  and  religion.  .  .  .  .  • 
Their  revival,  however,  in  our  day,  and  in  this  our  laiul,  is  undesirable. 
The  phases  of  society,  and  tho  requirements  of  the  Church,  liavo  under- 
gone a  change  ;  and  allowing  even  a  life  of  religious  seclusion  and 
spiritual  contemplation  to  Rave  thrown  around  it  a  saerctl  and  fascin- 
ating cliarm,  wo  want  men  and  women  with  zeal  and  courage  to  enable 
them  to  grapple  boldly  with  the  evils  of  society,  rather  than  Simon 
(Btylitoa  or  Sister  Min-ys,  who,  contrary  to  the  iaws  of  nature  and  of  God> 
make  themselves  oblivious  to  tho  world  ai'ound  them. 

It  is  not  to  bo  regretted  that  Luthor  became  tho  inmate  of  a  convent. 
His  novitiate  was  another  step  in  preparation  for  the  gi-and dnima  of  tho 
•  age.  Ho  thereby  acquired  a  familiarity  with  tho  inner  workings  of  tho 
Church,  and  a  power <)f  self-discipline  and  control,  without  which  lie  could 
not  have  become  tho  loader  of  rolbrm.  Tlio  testimony  of  his  ouemios  is  that 
ho  was  studious  and  devout^  that  ho  spent  long  nights  in  prayer,  that  ho 
watered  the  convent  floor  with  iiis  tcai-s.  He  was  eX|M)sed  indeed'  to 
many  humiliating  rostrictions,  and  had  exacted  from  him  the  most  ser- 
vile labours.  It  was  his  duty  to  sWeep  out  the  dormitories,  to  wind  up 
the  clock,  to  open  and  close  the  chapel  doors.  With  a  wallet  on  his 
back  he  was  sent  through  the  town  to  l^pg  ft-om  house  to  house  j  and 
often  did  ho  return  weary  and  foot-soi-o,  but  counigeons  and  resigned. 
In  this  there  was  nothing  to  daunt  his  courage ;  in  this  thor^  was  much 
to  fortify  his  mind.  His  prayer  was  to  be  holy ;  his  cry  jvasdbr  pbaco. 
He  became  more  rigid  in  his  fasts,  more  seyci-o  in  his  mornfications, 
until  'the  color  faded  from  his  cheeks,  and  his  native  energy  declined^ 


j. 

'.I 


'^k  ^  «  ik,il!f"^^  t     t^'U 


[S. 


I 

li 


i    r 


.  ■'HE- 


iMther  and  the  JRe/armaiian. 


and  ho  walko<I  tliroiiirh'theoorrUopH  lilr«*-^„4—       j 

found  (Ml  (1,0  floor  of  Iuh  coll  S«rh!  a  r    *  "P^f'*'*'  *^^  onco  efon  was 

poaeo,  l'OH.»ughtwnMnoionWod     AX".k.!;;.'Inri  ^''^^  •«'^'''*^««"n.  tho 

•      aovil  BocnodfaH  with  tho  XC  nmn  h    f I  ,  1?  -"*  '^""^  "'"'*  '"'"•    The 

piecoH;"  lK'«aw  opening  hS'l.irti.oUtl^^^^^^    *r"^"''  ''''"«» 

greater  than  hini.si.If,  "O  wroteh  d  man  t     t'l         '°  '|»"«"»ffO  "''  one 
mn-rom  the  body  of  thi^  doiuh  }''  "  '  ''''•"  "''""  ^"''^or 

ral  yjll:  Sllff  ^S,!;:,rra  ^  ^  Stau^^itMhc  vi^rt^Gono- 

and  guide.  JI.h  ^u^Z^^Z^rT^ZT'''^^  '^V  '"^  ^>"'P»tl.i80 
ha.ll,i,nHolf  ,,«.ssod  ti.roiiLrh  »  n  fi;'  /  •  T^  'T  ^volt-inlhrniod.  Ho 
dorstood  tho  tl  oory  of  t  e  Gos"  "'^^^i^^  ^  "'".*  "«"  I^"'l'or;  ho  un- 

true  ro,,ont:mc.o  and  uri     htn    'o^rinn    ?^  U.o  ,ult..ro  of 

Atonement  of  the  Cos. ^  ""plioit  reliance  in  the  Groat 

Sunge  in  Luther's  ears':  it  oneiu-d'  uun„\  '*'"'"'«<'  "«  "ew  Ian- 
tore  devoutly  h.  studic,!  i|u  o  v  's^,  .'''''*'J*''*  »H'«>i-o  I.Im  mind, 
road  M.0  worliof^t  aXs  .  kn^^^'^'""r'  '"T  ""^'''"""'^'y  1.0 
^ound«,  he  was  met  a'V  "  h  oI,rnK»d:'\:^  I'P  w,t  Iced  in  theconiont 
of  Ids  apparent  doioction,  wir  evh  .Tr't -^    */^  '"to  (ho  cause 

quoted  (1.1  lo-tlnH,V  )r-s"S:r  n  h  i  r  '^"'!^'^^^<'  "'h'  who 
Christ  he  recoivesthiassunnc^on  o  H  iv  m''  'I  "T^'  ''^'"^^'«'^  i" 
thatnissiosarofiM-iven.  •  Kt  <  ,  w  „  ^^^^^^^^  Mh.s  j.ut  into  his  heart 
gi-oat  «-isis  -had  boon  r^  chod  i  ^  t^  i"!  "  ? '  ^"""^  '^''  ^'^-^''^ver.  Tho 
Ho  H«w  l.ef;>ro  him  tho  refuge  iwUhc"^,.n'!''r;  ^'"'^  T'^V  P'''><^"eed. 
voice  Which  pioclaniod  hi«  .  afc  v  \s  -^  •  '  '  '•^*'>''*"'^''i""t  bim  the 
y,  .o  Lutlior  clung  to  ,ho  c^^^;  A  h^^v  KT'  T'^'''  "'  ^''^ 
.     mind  ;  a  <'peaco  which  ..asscth  undorJ  mVV  '-    ^'^  ^'''"^'*'  '"  "P"»  '"» 

upon  now;.round,  roalizinir  ne^  n  M^i  n        ^'I'V'^  J'"'"'^  -"ianding"   . 
•  Ono  won]  h,M  i.nlpa  e<t  wm^  I ;!':;"  ^r^'''^'^     "'  »«^v  prospoctf    . 
was  faith.    WilhoL  faith  ho  ;S./e    a  1^.^  :^  "■''"V^:^-  '^^^  talilman.- 

walicod  in  (he  grim%f  '   ahm  V^Tl      ccasoloss  war  wi(h  the  devil,  and 

the  devil  i.onca(l  jf  fi^a  a  tcS'lV  "'■''  /^""V''"  ^''"'"P'^^  "^  ^ 
a  speculative  fhncy/or  a  m^  1  v^^"?  ",'T  T^  "  ^^^'"-    ^^Vas  not 
power  within  which    i.S  h  f ^ o  I   ±    ?^^'- "i-     ^'^'''^  ^^'^^  "  "^'»ff 
Saviour,     ire  could  no   Sno  tho     .  /'  '^'''^'''-'r*  «-  the  all-sufliciont    . 
not  ui..lcrvaIuo.  th6    mta^  ''^'S'^^^^^^^  work;  he  could    ^ 

Church,  and  which  bocamo^Som^^^ci^'Hl^^''^'^."^^  '"    His 

hoviffg  sinner.    But  ho  Was  oc^S . '"  f  ,     ri  *'^''^P't'«tatio!i  to  tho  bc- 
he  had  the  ovidonce  .4S  •  Z  S.ontT  '^^v"  *»»«.«!'">m  because 
pi-oporsphoro,  as  the  iSmcnfa    -n  «.^  0^'^'"',*^''",^'  ^"'*''  boyond  its 
ate  iho  io,;ds  of  tho  insph  od  Pau  '  I'^^f  ?'"•;'«"'  ^  .could  appropri-       . 
spoken."    :    .  . .     .    !  ■  '        ^^''oved,  and  thoroforo  havi  I 

^<^'^^^r^lS^^  "\  tHe  Church, 

ful  ropro,entatives  of  Christ -unfTlwl  I?    '~:^l°  ^'i"^*  'become  faith- 
imbuod  with  His  Spirrtf'Thoro^™^^^  ""^  «re 

vitalitv  in  faith     tk«^i  ^"<'™"'  poAver  m  holiness,   as  there   in 

Will  So". tfao„r;it";;?:,i::i"r"'°^  '"■■  «<^'  "■"  s^""*^' 


t 


v^l 


SEP  II    TtiRiir 


,S^»^6«l^ 


■;:# 


V-:^ 


:  ,  /  Zuiher  and  thi  HefornuUion.      •        .    •.        $ 

wo  can  oecompll»h  Httlo  roornl  Kood.    Tho  vitulforco  will  bo  ro«trict«d, 
and  nioro  outward  formH  will  fail  to  Hupply  tlie  want.     It  >';  »V«'  ^l;"®/^ 
that  Christ  iti  tho  only  uourco  of  nanlon,— Htill  truo  that  tho  llolySplrif 
iH  tho  ottlcloiit  agent  of  tho  now  birth,— Htill  truo  that  ftiith  irt  the  osHOtf-' 
tial  condition  on  which  Gotl  has  proraiscil  to  work  in  uh  and  by  hh,— 
and  Htill  truo  that  all  tho  outward  oi-dinamcs  of  tho  Church  arc  ho  many 
channolrt  for  tho  communicutiou  of  Divino  grace,  or  wtniany  nican^  for 
promoting  vital  union  and  communion  with  ClnMbt,  hut  which  by  Ihom- 
Bolvos,  umlttondcd  \fy  tho  Spirit'n  power,"  aro  inoperative  t«)  Hulvation. 

Wo  aro  Homowhat  in  danger  of  myatifying  or  ignoring  these  funda- 
moiitul  (rutjiH.     There  IH  a  tendency  aiuongHt  u.i  to  relapHo  into  tho      , 
Btiporslition  of  tho  darker  agon.    Tho  "  revival  of  catholic  doctrine,    and     ; 
of   "prinutive    uh:(1;o,"— of  Which  ho  much  huH  latterly    been     naid,  ;  f; 
and  in  which  I  uiifciijnedly  rejoico,— Im  too  much  allied  witli  the  dognuw     • 
and  relics  of  u  coi,7iii)t  Imuich'of  the  universal  Church.     It  \-  foreign  to.  ■    . 
my  purpose  to  distJUHs  any  of  tho  i)IiaHes  of  the  great  vilualiHtic  coixfro-. 
voi-ny  which  is  now  agitating  tho  public  mind.      In  many  vePpectH  it  is    • 
a  controversy  produclivo' of  untold  mischief,  in  others  *)f  inthklcuhibid 
gootl.     .     ....     .     .     But  apart  altogether  from  lliis,  I  di/  insist  > 

thatfuith  inChriBt,asalivlng,all-sutncient  Saviour,  and  obedience  tollis 
kw,  as  tho  outward  ovidencc  of  iiiith,  are  the  prinio  re«l»isites  ol  a  holy  • 
heart  and  a  iiwcfiil  life;  and  tbtit  in   tho  almonce , of  thcsrf  no  gorgeous*  . 
decoration  of  clrtirche<i,  no  punctilious  observau#  of  religious  cero-     " 
mcftiiat,  no  moUifluoas  strains  of  n^u^iic,  iio»neird\*ncrationior  the  past, 
•  no  scUklonying  /.oal,  and  no  disjntcrost(Ml  eilbrt,  will  cvojl-  avail  cither  to     . 
our  own  salvation,  or  to  the  nionil  relorntatiovt  of  tldf  Avorld.     Ihero   ^ 
must  bo  a  divino  life  within  us.    That,  life  can  be  roaliz^vland  su^tainod>, 
only  by  faith  in  Chvist,  under  the  operation  of  His  Si4tit,  and  througlv 
the  ordinances  of  His  Word  ;  antl  in  the;;o  days  of  doubt,  of  corillict,  of 
error,  of  change,  we  need  as  specially  applit-able  to  the  world's  necossi- 
tlc.4j  rtot  aretigion  of  empty  plat  itinle.!,ol*  Of  incongiuous  dogmas,  or  ot 
rigorous  exactions,  or  of  sickly  Kontimcntality,  but,  a  religion  of  know- 
ledge, of  faith,  ot.lovo,  of  power,  which  sympathises  in  every  sorrow, 
and  provides  for  every  want,  and  whlch'ficcures  for  ovciy  sinner  a  frco, 
a  full,  an  eternal  wilvation.    Any  other  religion  is  untrue  to  tho  (iospol, 
and  unsuited  to  tho  ago  ;  With  this#  to  nprvo  our  courage  and  inspire  our 

Slans,  wo  may/iovolutioniKO  the  Church,  and  turn  the  world  upsido     , 
own.  ■  _  ■ 

The  struggle  was  now  about  to  open  for  which  the  preparation  had 
begun.    There  wore  as  yet  no  outward  symptoms  of  tho  gathering 
storm.    A  delusive  calm  was  resting  oil   tho  Chureli,  as  when  to  the 
casual  observer  VesmWs  is  sleeping.     It  is  characteristic  of  tho  Divino 
Government  to  preiM-o  for  greatevents  by  silent  means..  The  Refor- 
mation in  its  ultimate  issues  resulted  from  various  causes.    Some  of 
theso  were  indopo'ndeni  of  Luther,  and  inde|)cndent  of  each  other,— -wero 
asmuch  literary  and  political  as  ecclosia.stical  and  religious ;  but  in  the  . 
process  oi  their  dovolopipmont,  Luther  became  the  agent  in4lie  hands  of 
Heaven  to  influence  attd  direct.      His  own  preparation  was  iihpercep- 
tiblo  and  slow,    i^aitockd  first  his  personal  experience ;  it  related  next  ^ 
to  his  public  position.  \By  the  agency  of  the  truth  his  mind  had  boon 
enlightened  and  renewed;  by  startling  expositions  of  that  truth  ho  was 
now  to  influence  the  minds  of  others.    Having  served  his  novitiate,"  ho 
was  admitted  in  duo  forni  to  tho  full  order  of  tho  priesthood.    It  was  a 


' 


•  r-i 


IS 


/ 


!    <l 


10 


f 


t 


I 


lAttAin-  and  tAs  H^armatU^, 


Ji';::onrsrTfe^  upon 

;    conlact  will,  tho  ri^h.ir  m  m7  ,♦'  r  y.  " ''  '"'"'H'''  '''"»  ^'""s  o"rly  InS 
Almost  wi(|.ou(  eontml  "p  ^^^^0^  Lu^^ 

X    8tin„,Iato  to  action  J  i„  tho  "eC."^  ^i      ."''"''*''"  ^ 

,  _    ;t  for  duty.     Tho  two \'oJ\^tTl\ll^^T  -""  f'''''''^"^*"'  ""^'  P''«'I"'^o 

of  om.r,  or  tho  dofonco  o?ti^?hir«  is  ;"''''*^"';^' "''''"'"«"'«'•  ^ion 

knowH  how  to  expound  at  tho  dosl\u,d  on  b  i,'^*^^^^^^^  «^'''  ^^»'0 

Lrtho,.'„d^,fyfodohpth.  IliHftpp^  ,tmo&  -^^  ^vas 

,        iblUnvod   hy  nntlrority  to  dol  v^d  WniK^^      ""^'''''"'"h*^^^ 

to  proaoh  in  tho  cha^  ot'irconvo  ^t  am  S^^  '^>'  Lis  doction 

^rg.  ^  Tho yoVthof {ho ago, aJho    ob    tvl  r  '^^ ^:"''"'^ of  Wittom- 
,    woi-o  thus  h«n,ghtwithiifhi8-omhA«-^'M*?"''*'''''^  of  tho  nation 
Hproad,  his  influom  to  ol      In  «  .'t...-^      "Tl '""  »-^U>"t«tion  hoga    ta 
a  now  stylo.    Thoro  was  k  £ldS  'oJ  fholtr         ^'^  •'"""^"••ntod    : 
ccpt'^'V  n  beauty  of  cliction^n  ^wor^^^^^^^^^ 

carnoMtncss,  a  tondoi-noss  of  manZ.  ?Ji  I'v"'*'^"t>on,  a  j)hiinnoHH,  an 
pmlncodo/loct.  Hepou.clconTom  ?onfi  '"•."''•'^:*«''  attontion  tZ 
^0  Hot  at  naught  thoVdic?a  of  Ari ItL    ^  '^^ 

Godasthoonlyinfalliblo8tandmra   (L  *''«  Woi^l  of 

ancos  woro  for  ovorv  soul   Zrwi.^      ./^-^  *'*"'' ''^'''t.  ^^'J'OHo.uttor- 

ofWutomborggathen-droundhinf  monies ^^^^^^^^^  Tho  ;^o«th 

.      Joforo  h.n. ;  princos  adniiml  hi8  oloT.onco      1  ri''''?"''  "^V"  ''''^^^o 
courage,    ItMvas  as  the  sti-oaming^Xof  J^.^^^^^^^ 
wp  of  a  now  fountain-ris  tho  dStin?.  of  l^^  ^^i''*"""-  ^''*'  «P«»'"g      • 
ol  dry  bones.    .    .         l„  Wu*;  J     ^,"*  "?^^  ««o<l— as  a  rosuri-oetion 
v^Iiib  ;..tho  vibrntio,;  si;ook  \jIo  omjlll^o'^  '^''  ^'"''^^^  ^^^"'^  ^^  ^''^S 

Vthf^hKrirai^ 

pens'o  with  thoir  teaching;  wo  Ew  h^>  .nl   V"?'  .^^«^'"»not.di8- 
Wo  often  failed  ill  tho  mainUancor^^^^^^  Both 

virtue,  «i.K.o  as  befbre  tho  ItoKatfon  ^n^' S'^^  *^^ '"«"'«^'»«on  o^ 
.  spu-it,  and  devotion,  and  powor^n^^fhni:  ^"'  '*-L«8  boon  for^yantof 
tje    eading  offices..    Th2T;o  "ea^^^^^^^  ^T  '^'^'  ^"to 

BhouJd  dcelino  in  influonco,  or  why  the  soL^!     '^,*?1^/  .'^'>>'  t'^«  P«Jpit 
Np  field  can  bo  wider,  no  subioJif rfli    ^''"^"'^ 

J10  induboments  Htroiger7th^rthL?o&"^  "T«*^^^^    Mghter,™d     ^ 
The  ontiro^range  of  titoratUrVSisTo rv  o^/Tm  ^  the  profeW. 

-  available  ^br  their  work.    rtTX^fSn^^^^^^ 

thepas8ion8,tomouldthocharLter  tol^^^^^^ 
f   7«'y,tftemeandyncidentmaySy^f'^^ 

degi-adatron  of.i1i,lK,„ithejyaavtlX'^^^^^^^^^ 


bhrv 


i*fp-#wi«^rii^, 


v.-- 


'     Luther  and  the  Rejormation.  *    H 

Tho  volco  of  Um)  |Mili)it  inuHt  Hns  clear  and  loud ;  the  i>owor of  tho  Hchool 
muBt  1)6  doon  nnd  Ann,  in  tho  cx|K)Hiiro  of  error,  in  tho  dcvnumiotioii  of 
vice,  in  tho  malntoiiftnco  of  tnith,  in  (ho  onr«>r<oinont  of  virtue,  and  In 
tho  Htimnhw  to  every  g(KMl  work.     It  in  nometimerf  Hnid  (hat  the  puliut 
in  offote,  that  Hernions  uro  iuHinid,  that  tlio  hcIiooIh  ure  dead,  that  tho 
Church  httH  lost  itH  iK)Wt'r.     There  is  porhapH  too  much  roason  lor  tlio 
complaint.    We  had  Iwttor  not  dJHguiHo  the  fact  that  we  have  <loKenorated 
in  much  of  our  public  teaching,  and  in  nimh  of  ouf  pubiir  wor,-.hi)). 
Thoro  i«  not  life  enough  in  *>ur  HorvicoH ;  there  is  not  iK^wor  enough  in 
our  word.     These  are  not  the  dayH  for  U'afned  dulno»H,  for  rcwiKM'tablo  . 
formality,  fordry  esMuyH,  ftM-ahtitract  dis»5erlalionH,  for  JVeozing  dev«)ti«)n,- 
Hot  iuHipid  Hcntinientality.     We  want  KormouK  briHtling  with  thouglit;  ? 
wo  want  Horvices  iuHfinct  with  life.     All  Ww  rcHOnrcoH  of  genius,  all  tho 
treaHiircH  of  learning,  all  tho  charnm  of  oratory,  all  the  fascinations  of 
art,  may  conio  to  our  aid.     JJut  is  Hiipplemeiital  to  thcKO,  we  miist  liavo 
tho  ftro  of  piety,  and  the  inspiration  (»f  the  Spirit,  ly  which  in  living 
forms,  and  in  overwlu'lniiiig  power,  tho  truth  may  be  brfuight  into  diroct    , 
contact  with  tho  mind  and  conscience  of  humanity,  nnd  thi-ough  which, 
as  in  tho  days  of  Josiih,  wo  may  hco  the  devils  cast  out,  and  the  uu- 
bolioving  and  impenitent  clothed,  and  sitting  in  their  right  mind.         ' 
ABanothorunccmsfiousBtop  in  the  onward  movement,  l«uthor  was  des- 
patched to  Home.  Tho  sphore  of  his  observation  was  thereby  enlarge*!.  Itr 
wanttOccBsary  he  should  become  aciiuainted  with  the  condition  of  tho  outor 
world,  and  still  more  with  tho  general  practices  of  the  Church.     Ho  hail  . 
hitherto  moved  within  a  narrow  sphere.     All  his  sympathies  entwined 
around  tho'Church.    So  liir  he  had  no  reason  to  suspect  it  of  impost  uro  and 
ft'aud.    His  zeal  indeed  was  such,  that  according  to  his  own  conlcssion, 
ho  was  willing  to  kindle  with  his  own  hands  tho  fire  which  might  con- 
sumo  Erasmus,  or.  any  othc^  horotic  who  should  call  in  question-  tho 
Buiiremucy  of  the  Pope.    Yet  the  reformation  to  bo  produced  was  a 
rolbrmation  of  abuses  without,  no  loss  than  of  doctrines  witliin.     There 
was  a  corrupt  faith  to  begin  with,  and  that  by  a  natural  \,yw*im  Avould 
produce  a  corrupt  life.    By  devout  study,  Luther  had  gained  a  correct 
knowledgo  of  the  theory  of  salvation ;  by  careful  observation,  he  was 
now  to  appi*ohond  the  revolting  errors  of  tho  Church.  ^ 

Themission  on  which  Lhthcr  was  despatched  to  Komo  was  ostensibly  to 
adjust  certain  diiferoncos  which  had  sprui^g  up  between  tho  Vicar-Gj|neial 
apd  some  of  the  Convents  of  h  is  Order ;  it  supplied  indirectly  tho  ineans  • 
for  tho  exposure  of  tho  wholo  system.     Luther  starte<l  upon  his  journey 
with  the  brightest  anticipations.    Who  had  not  hcaixl  of  the  gbkry  of 
tho  Eternal  City?— of  the  sanctity  of  tho  Vicar  of  Christ?— of  the 
devotion  of  tho  Convents  and  Churclios,  which  like  so  many- fountains 
Bcntforth  tho  streams  of  life?— andwho  could  bo  surrounded  with  these, 
live  among  them,  gaze  iipon  them,  feol  tholr  pieson^e,  inhalo  their  m- 
fluonco,  without  a  corresponding  rofinemont  of  taste  and  elevation  of 
feeling?    Such  was  Luther's  expectation,  as  it  had  been  the  dream  of 
multitudes  Ijeforo  him.    lie  was  doomed  to  a  bitter  disappointment. 
The  contrast  between  what  ho  expected  and  what  he  realized,  was 
greater  than  words  could  express.    Along  the  entire  route  from  Germany 
twEome  he  found  cause  for  surprise  and  shame.    Many  of  the  Cqnvcnts 
were  the  abodes  of  luxury  and  sensuality.    There  was  unblushing  pi-o- 
•  fanity ;  there  was  uumitigatod  idleness.    ...... 


/ 


'v'':i{:-'\ 


IK. 


ii 


f 


M  -^^^  and  (Ais  Ji^fbrtyuian/  J 

foil  upon  J,iK  knoe,  ;-h^  kild  So  oaru7  .  ^l""  f  "*'*^ '"  "'  '*'"™  :-»»• 
oxpras«ion>  of  veneration  undlovo  Z  I  „'T  r*^"  «"*  •"  th«  wildoHt 
of  tl,o  Church,  und  tTnZnrnr^  rT' '!?£'?'" '"^''«''«v«t«"n« 
where  ho  waa  roGcivod  wiSrreK.lw  ?  Z'^'"'"  "^ '"  '"'"«»«"•  ^very- 
»o  di„,H,l  the  iCilitfriH  nff  'fl  "'  ovcrywhoro  ho  huw  ovidenco 
Jlopart  d:  the  co"ndHiof  of^ ^'S.  SlH;  ^rn  r'^Slt'ff  '"^^ 

4votioMinU^C™uri)^^  tloi^vrr^^^^  "'"*  '".•"'^'""-     '^^l.oro  wtH  no 
incredible  "  "nW  C  /er      <LV  »       •^^"'T'*-"  «'» the  Convent.     «at  1.    • 

educed,  to  the  rccoo-ni/o.F   foi.nfM  «r  <    i"^;'^!"*  oi   JU'n pturo   thereby 
po«eJafro.luLorro."  om^^^^  /n  doing  thiH  ho  ox^ 

St.  Augustino  andtho  Afth"     S  i 

proof,  Jidduced,  arrested  a    en  ion  It  ,m  St'"""  'f  7'^'*','.  ""^   ^''°       ' 
and  tl.UM  nrepa^cd  the  warfor   hat  d     S    ^"  'T-'  ''*'  l'>,'"^«"-''«l'>n. 

.   right  apprehension  of  tiio  doctrir.cs  tlmSh.  ,m'^^i   i  *''«  J^'^'o*  ^V^  » - 
associated  with-were  absoliUo  y  .L-cS     to    £  '  ^""^'^ '"^J"^"t«Jy 

clear  y  defined  faith  in  rnT.n.lmfL     -f  '  "  ■     ^"°  oWigation  of  a  '    '    . 

fundaLntaTprinct  08  o/elSTi  .r''"'^^"^  *«  '"««"«  the        ' 

needed,  that  S T  rovoiife 

thatby'itsdicrl'ra^'mus  Ub^^^^^^^^ 

tho  8upreme  authority  of  the  B^blrfn  matters  oVS 

have  no  basis  on  which  to  wm-i;    n!;,i       i      •      ^^ '^^  and  praetico-wo 

tho  Bible  his  foundLt  on  ^nd^i^«   "1?'^  "»  "^/"Z  ««  I^"ther  made: 

which  he  had  aS  unc^,^  Z^r""^"^  ^"**^^  "^'^  <>- 

The  controversyonlndulgonges  became  the  match  which  ignite        . 


Ti^ra%^ 


.♦■1 


^JLuther  and  t/i«  /t\/ormatu>n. 


18 


train. 

rontly,  hy  tlinl 


All  tho  nntnnnilion  had  boon   Iw^iiii,  all  tho  ovontM  woro  inndo 

)y  tlml  IiivimIIiIo  n^oncv 

our  individiiiil  will,  iiiid  nulHtnliiintoH  hiinmii  |>tiHHi«>ii  to  tlio  iliviiio  k'"'*}'- 


ivimI1»|«  ftm<n('y  which  woi-Uh  in  nntitrtt,  whlrh  controlN 


And  whon  Totzcl  uppoarcd  upon  thf  wono  with  hin  inftemnUM  doctrlilO.' 
4ind  unbluHhin^  otlVontory,  It  wuh  onlj-  t\M  tho  Hpofk  which  kindled  thy 
bliir.o,  or  only  am  tho  tocMin  nonnd  which  cnllod  into  action  tho  woii|)oru) 
wnitinff  to  tl^hf  tho  battle  of  tho  Loi-d.  Tho  trnlHc  in  lndule;oncoM  wnar 
a  rovoltiiiff  mirloHqno  on  (.'luiHtianity  and  tho  Chunh.  If'thvro  I'o  ono 
trtith  more  (doarly  rovenli«l  In  JIolv  Scripture  (hnii  nnotlu>r,  It  in  thin; 
that  (tod  alono  can  A)f>^lvo  fin.  I'l  ih  tho  cHM«ntial  proro;<ativ«  of  tho 
iK'itv,  which  Ho  has, not, — and  which  reverently  bo  it  Mpolcon— He  can- 
not dolc/xnio  to' any  hunuui  authority  whatHo^vcr.  The  duly  oittaincKl 
and  appointed  ndni^tens  ot'ChriMt  may  pronounce'forp[ivoneHM'orMinH,  in, 
'  iri^  name  and  by  Hin  authority,  upon  the  compliance  of  the  Hinner  with 
the  i\!coffni7,od  conditions  of  Hulvation,— or  In  the  words  of  tho  JJook  of 
Common  Prayer,  ''To all  them  that  with  hearty  i*epontanco  and  true  fliitli 
turn  imto  liim."  Ihit  that  any  num— no  mivtter  what  his  pergonal 
/Ofiflrt  or  ofHcial  j)osition — shoidd  a<4Hunie  tohimHolf  tho  power  to  remit,: 
in  bin  own  name,  and  at  his  own  discretion,  tho  penalty  of  bIu,  and  to 
guorantoo  tho  etornal  Hnlvation  of  tho  houI,  onlho  poymoiit  of  a  fow 
paltry  coins  into  tho  coH'ors  of  tho  Church, ^Ih  an  uct  of  prcsuntption 
and  blasphemy  unwarnintcd  by  Scripture,  nnd  ropui^nant  to  ri/^ht 
rooflOn.  Yet  Huch  was  the  prerogative  assumed  by  the  Holy  Vontitf,nnd 
by  him  delegated  to  thoHo  whom  ho  chose  to  api)oint  us  his  miiiistei'H 
or  agents.    ....... 

There  wa8  now  a  »pot ial  noqd  fiir  the  sale  of  IndulgcnceH.  Money- 
was  M'antod.  Ijoo  X.  hjul  Huccocdcd  Julius  I(.  in  tho  pontifical  chair,  and 
had  found  tho  kingdom  impovorished  In'  tho  wars  of  his  pvodecoHsor. 
Tho  magniflcont  church  of  St.  Peter  at  Rome  had  been  begun,  but  funds 
wore  lacking  for  its  completion.  In  addition  to  this,  Albert,  .^Khbishop 
of-Montz,  was  indebted  to  tho  Pope  to  tho  extent  ^f  some  $45,^,  which 
ho  had  not  the  means  to  pay.  .  .  .  .  In  this  emergency,  tlio  Popo 
proclaimed  a  general  indulgence.  It  was  lot  out  on  tho  true  forming 
principle  to  tho  Archbishop ;  and  sinco  a  thii-d  person  was  required  for 
its  success,  John  Totzol  was  chosen  as  the  mission  preacher,  or,  more 
strictly  speaking,  as  tho  itinerating  vender,  in  the  unholy  traffic.  By 
this  plan  'the  ftinds  of  both  the  Pop©  and  tho  Archbishop  mi^ht  bo  reple-^ 
nishod,  if  not  tho  devotion  of  the  people,  and  tho  purity  of  the  Church 
increased.  >  _  * 

There  was  hero  a  singnlai*  combination  of  character.    Tho  gtoatest; 

EOBsiblo  difforcnco  existed  botw^eon  tho  ' three  men  who  thus, 
ocame  prominent  in  tho  preliminary  stehs  of  tho  Reformation.  Jjco  X. 
was  in  many  respects  all  that  could  Ijo  dpsirod.  /the  pontifical  throuQ 
had  seldom  boon  fio  worthily  filled. .  A  son  of  tho  eelobratod  Lorenzo  do 
Medici,  ho  combined  in  a  i*emarkablo  degree  mafiy  of  tho  virtues  and 
vices  of  that  illustrious  family.  With  roHncd  tastes  and  an  acconmlishod 
mind,  ho  united  a  virtuous  disposition  and  a  benignant  rule.  He  gave 
encouragement  to  literature  and  art,  and  was  not  averse  to  ecclesiastical 
reform.    But  his  love  of  r^anoy  and  his' delight  in  war,  his  thirst  for 

Eleasuro  and  his  extravagance  of  living,  warped  tho  better  principles  of 
is  natui-e,  and  rendered  him  indifferent  to  tho  higher  duties  of  his  office ; 
and  like  his  predecessors,  while  usurpilig  the  prei-ogativos  of  tho  Doity,'^  \ 
ho  sought  by  threatening  to  ins'pire  tho  fear  and  evoke  the  obedience, 


'  "-4' 


.# 


u 


.>  '• 


1'  ■ 


i^i 


r 


#^ 


/«M*.r  anrf  M<»  lii/ormatioH, 


Tfio  rhnriK'tor 


Catholic  wriUw ;  whilo  tlioi«  L  "^        '»/  «<'<l{omloir,   and   Ihnnun 

«tlon  the  future  of  i,t"n...uirrv;;;  •;""''':"»""»  <"  "•"•jKH-t  of  vv  fZi 

iftan  in  tho  Church  o? tho'  K  m'i  '7fi.^  ii  '  l:^**"- ""!'«<«  H.an  any  <.tho? 
was  «m,,Ioyod..  Kaeh  o^ S^J^^^'!;^^''''  '"":''"'-.  In  wL.K 
«ach  Wan.o,  IndircHly  at  legist;  :::r^;;;^;^t^;jl»"''»'«i«phcruj  Wd 

•  iv^i't!:;;;.^  ^;l;!;Si;;;,:;''i  ^'-'"i-i'-Hcof  in<,ni«oncc, 

W-t  of  «  njOHt  "«eon,nli„^,od  ,,„3'''5'^"'^'' 1»  '«^^  ''r*  {""'^  ^vJth  all  Z 

.vHI,iKoandtown,and^t<,  otlorVm  th«i.n     •/  *?*^r'   *«  ^'"^^  «very 
for  ovory  sin  which  \m\  \yi^^l\  \m^±\'IV,   ''^  *'»«.  ^'op  "'>HoIutloJ 
,  montofthoroquiMHnm.     Tl  /„«n«at  "^^^^^^^^ 
im.non8o.    In  ontorinir  th«  irrc     u.T         l*"«''.'i'«l  ''y  tho  traffic  wi 

bv  tho  cl«r^.y,  m«gi„t5t:«  aKuS  „X?r^^^^^^ 

children  of  every  grodo     Tho  1,1 1-  ^     i.  '^"'^''  ^y  '"«">  women  and 

waved    and   musi  founder!  \^^^^^  bannZ 

chfti-iot,  having  iHjforo  him  «  velvet  o  1  •  '*«*'","'"  «  maKnificont 
Bull  of  the  Pone.  Tho  «h,  Ji.  ?„  \^  l'V""'  «"  which  was  laid  tho 
was  handsomely  deeonu'cJ'L  "  a'  t^^^^'^'T'  '^'^  J^'^'^ 
erocte<l  m  A-ont  of  the  altar;  on  oifhor  S  w,?v '1^'  'f  PHpalarms,  was 
the  organ  poured  forth  it«  nofl  molcKlfi  T  ''«^'*f  ^''^  ^^rning; 
flowers  wafW  a  sweet  porfumo  EvvT  "  .*  ''  '''''"'°  incense  and 
boomed  with  eager oxnoctatZ.",^^^^^  cverv/hce 

When  amidst  the  bSlels  iiloico  cf/fl  '^'"'^  '"I'^i^^"^  ^^  ««o*'o"^  S 
and     the    loity   strains   ortr^e^r^^^^ 
Church,  a  scone  of  enthusiasm  'vas  nLf?'    ^«o""d«J  through  tho 

te'^^^V■"^*^"««•  I«  tho  appohitJi  o^^^  '"^°  that  of 

,..  Papal  Bull  was  road.    A  sermon  ^ii^    oraor  and  in  solemn  form,  tho 

in  which  the  necessity  fndXXe^?^^^^^^  '^  Indulgences! 

in  which  appeals  wore  madfto  tho  fuffl    «*"^*'  '^°'«  onforco\  and   • 
oxcitod  crowd.    Thon  ToS  Z  v   /"'*^'  *'*«  foar,  tho  love,    of  the 


.  «• 


5tr  9  ^mm 


0  chnrnotor 
'til     It  had 
'■«•«'»•  of  tho 
'ovotco,  ho 
<'nrt>(l  loM 
(Woo.     Jtig 
i'«l  towiinlH 
".  niui  tho 
xwJiritfii  or 
IU'<|.     .     .    • 
••uwn,  and 

•IN  of  lH)th 

fid  Mtrholur 
d  Itoinnn 

Aiihigno, 

«H  Hi  III  ply 

■N,  having 
"ly  other 
whith  ho 
luru  i  a|id 


I'Koncos, 
«ino  left 
imoncod 
li  nil  thd 
t  ovory 
Holutlon 
the  jmy. 
.fttc  was 
headed 
um  and 
i>anner8 
nificont 
»id  tho 
formed 
na,  was 
rning; 
so  and 
yftce 
I ;  and 
>ogun, 
h  tho 
inter's 
tat  of 
1,  tho 
JnceSj 
,  and 
f  the 
CO  in 
wing 
sates, 
wr  in- 


Luthcr  and  th«  liifonnatUm* 


1ft 


%\ 


UmiH) ;  each  ww  nnxioun  to  piirlbrm  an  not  of  kimliiuNM  for  tho  dead  ;  % 
■  '     goimrnl  riinh  won  nindo  to  the  Mtand;  nnd  ^old,  niwl  ullvor,  and  oopiwr 

coiiiH  wer«  Hhowomi  like  httiUtonuaat  the  fuot  of  Totxel 

Thin  won  reiwtttwl  wherever  a  crowd  ooH  Id  Im)  ai»iiom  Mod;  the  wxcit©. 
mont  ran  liUe  wiitlHie ;  tHIiiiloiin  NuniM  of  nioiiey  were  obtainod  ;  nnd 
often  at  the  cloMO  of  the  dny'H  pioooiHliii/^  Tct/.ol  would  ro|Miir  to  tho 
I>iil)lio  Inn,  where,  nigaitileHN  of  hlH  oflloe  and  aKMHintiotiH,  ho  lieciitno 
merry  an  a  clown. 

It  wiw  a  revolting  tranitaction.     Never  hiul  Huch  dUhonor  l»(*on  dono 
to  (^hriht  and  \\U  religion.     The  pioiiH  meinlHtrit  of  tho  ('hiiioh   IduHhod 

for  Hhanie;  a  few  Uname  indignant It  wan  LuiIioi-'h  duty 

to  e.\|Mme  the  iiii<iuily  and  fmiid.  At  llint,  acoonliiig  to  Imh  own  «on- 
fewtion,  he  hardly  knew  what  the  IndulgenooH  meant,  and  wan  iiulllVer- 
ent  to  Tetunl'*  iniHHion.  Hut  when  he  mw  a  itror.|»eotiiM  of  llieni  proud- 
ly  hearing  the  name  and  Kunrantee  of  the  ArohbiHh<ip  «>!  .Mont/,,  and, 
•  when  he  lioai'd  reporlH  of  tho  Noatidal  oaiiHe«l  l»y  the  language  and  con-, 
duet  of  Telxel,  be  wtw  led  to  eti<iuire  and  roMoot.  At  oiue  the  oonvlc- 
tion  itolned  him  thftt  tho  trafllc  wuh  an  unholy  and   blatipbonn)UH   pro- 

'■y.--  cee^ing,— diHhonoHiig  to  ChriHt,  a  perverHion  of  \\U  gospel,  and  an 
injury  to  the  Hotiirt  of  men.  It  waH  time  to  Hpeak.  IIIh  oonMolenoo  and 
duty  were  involvod.  Ah  Micholet  Hayn,  "He  run  great  rink  in  Hpeaking; 

»«/;  but  i#ho  held  bin  tongue,  be  believed  bin  damnation  certain. "  Tliero Th 
no  foundation  for  the  iiiHinuati«)n  of  bin  enoniioH  that  bo  was  iidluvMicecl 
by  joalouHy,f  bcoaiiMe  t,be  nttle  bad  bwn  cntniMted  to  a  Dominican  latber 
than  to  an  AngiiHtinlan  ftiart  IIIh  entire  comluot  is  a  coiitnftli^liou  of 
the  charge.  A  nobler  principle  actuated  bis  mind.  It  was  tl|p  Hpirit 
/  which  Hummoned  him  to  prote«t  and  warn.  IIIh  fli*Mt  niov«<  was  to 
ro(iue»t,  in  legal  form,  bis  own  diocenan,  the  Hisbop  of  IJrandcMhiirg,  to 
HilencoTetzel.  Whort  tbiH  fUiled,  bo  announced  a  Hcrinoii,  and  published 
hlH  propoHltJouH.  ThodoHign  of  tboHo  wan  to  expose  the  fallacy  on  which 
IndulgencoH  wore  banod,  and  to^hbow  that  nothing  Hbort  of  truo 
,'  i-opentnnco  and  bolinoHH,  pro<luced  by  faith  in  OhriKt  and  obedience  to 
lIiH  law,  under  tho  operation  of  His  Spirit,  could  avail  to  the  snlvatlou 
of  the  Houl.  Wo  cannot  say  that  all  IiIh  jwintH  were  well  taken  and 
defined.  There  waw  Bomo  Huporfluity  of  expiemston ;  there  wan  somo 
ambiguity  of  idea.  Ah  Lutber  biinself  afterWai-*!  Haid,  ho  might  bavo 
proved  somo  points  Insttor,  ai^d  iwrhapH  omittc«l  othern.  IJut,  defoctlvo 
as  they  wore,  they  contained  tho  germs  of  the  Information— the  oshoiico 
of  tlio  gospel.  The  underlying  principio  wnH  ^«ound.  That  principlo 
was,  that  graco  alono  could  change  tho  heart  and  lif0|  and  that  tiiw. 
infusion  of  gmco  was  the  Hpecial  act  of  Goil;  that  there  was,  could  be, 
no  salvation  out  of  Clirist,  and  that  to  say  otbcrwise  was  blaspbofhy. 
Wo  repeat  this  principle. -4ts  obsorvanco  will  counteract  many  pre- 
vailing oiTors.    ....  j|^A.  j^ 

When  Luther's  sermon  and  tbosos  wore  jmblisbod,  they  foil  as  a 
thtindor-bolt  at  tho  foot  of  Tetzeb  lie  foamed  with  rage,  and  committ4ng 
the  nropositions  to  the  flainoH,  ho  threatened  a  like  fate  to  their  author. 
In  the  gathoring  slorm,  however,  Tot/.ol  became  powerless  as  a  child. 
Avolco  had  Hpokon  which  i-osoundod  through  the  Vatican ;  a  power 
moved  which  shciok  tho  empire.  "This  immolation  of  liberty  to  gracoj 
of  man  to  God,  of  tho  finite  to  tho  infinite,  was  recognize^  by  the  pooplo 
as  the  truo  national  religion,  tho  faith  which  Gottschalk  had  professed 
in  tho  days  of  Charlomagno,  in  tho  Very  cradle  of  Gorman  Christianity, 


M 


•i' 


TUtfnf  y 


II 


•fFj. 


^BuiA^r  and  (As  rie/ormaiion: 


tocalMn  ,.,„  tlon  t|,o  .. ,.,,., l^*,  J'  ;^,    ,  '-'  novo.- o,.to,..|  hin  mini 
i;rolo„«,wion  of  tho  (oiaoM  L,  T?l.n  ."I    "'?'"'"'^«"'  '"  M.r,  .kibr  tt 

«»hn,K.<|  Jluurronrio;  nn  I  U   h  T  .V.     '"'^I":  I"'"!"""*"'  '»'"  «'vontl  and 


at  Itiitno  within  ^ixtyaavH'/T•  .  ""  '"'"'    '^""'or  to  u,,„oa! 
-Ldither,  «  I  (nwi  to  Ni,«ak.  Imu  j,.,  Lv'        •  <''"«'<'nt  tImoN,"  mIivii 

^;;pjMa«w.t}i:~? 

Of  I.i«  poHition.    ^JmC^SXl  M^hl^^  m^r.Sun^ 

against  Lure?.  ;&';;^^^^^^  ^^^^  '»«  Cardinal«;  p;op„rod 

pH..it;onH  tnk,n  fro m  j'  tE' 'Z£ "•  T.^'  «"'«"'^rotod'  Cj-ll 

under  pnin  of  oxcomnuuiioation  ^fVnl'  p'"*''"^'''^'"  ^oro  prohibited 

required  to  retract  hisZZ  with  r^x  '^"'*'*'''  "^'^'^^^^^ 

wei-o  oJdorod  to  Koize  his  person  mil       "^  uY? '  ""^  ""  ««c"'»r  princos 


'KB' 


f.uthr  and  ths  Rtformatitm,    '    ^     *  tt 

wonid  hMv«  »>A«n  c«.mmliliMl  to  tho  flume*,  Tho  only  «ft«cX  <»f  tho  Ponc'g 
bull  vra«  lo  imrm.o  tin.  «...(l  ol  I.uih.r,  mul  Oio  ,.,ill,u-liu.m  or  tho 
tK»oj»l»  '« Now.  Ii«,r,.mnrk«|,  "»  mtium  MriiKKlo  iiM  •-.Mnmoniwl. 
lllthcric)  r  hnvo  only  f„wl  .hil.lH  piny  with  tho  I'oihj  ;  I  now  Uuii,  Iho 

y|j/rti»M/  M«  h.vcnthlt  thil  of  AHU,'hmt.  Thoi  o  wiin  no  ImiutT  nn y  JoiitX 
1.1  iN  miiHl  ilmt  11,0  P.,,K,  wn.  n  uMii-|K.r  of  tho  Ihnmo  nn<i  pr»i^<(tttivo 
ol  (M.  iho  Ht'npmr««  khvo  no  wnnnnt  to  hji,  hl^h  prt^lon^lotN  nmt 
Mb  tmry  iKmor  In  tho  pi-n.«lr.'H  of  tho  onrlvChiu-.^,  ovon,  nothing 
nnnluKouii  coiihi  tw  ftmml  to  ihu  piv«.-Mt  Mnto  oi  ihi„«H.  Tho  Vliar  of 
hriHt  on  onrth  nhoiihl  Iki  tol«*rnnt  an<l  Kontlo  :  Liilhor  h«w  in  l,oo  tho 
IncHrnntloii  of  tyrnny  nii.|  .|ofclt.  llonimlo  ii  wUo.llMincMion  hotwtHJM 
lioo  hi  hiH  iHTHonnl  thnrmtor  nn.l  Iho  I'o|k^  in  IiIn  oIII.  i,il  mim.llv 
Iho  lornior  lio  pniimil  a^  "  Daniol  in  Iho  lion'M  don,"  an  "  Knoklol 
n.nom<  worpionH ;  ••  ||,«  |„ttor  ho  .lonounoocl  im  "tho  n.iKhtv  hiintor. 
Iho  NHn.'.Ml  ol.tl.o  Konmn  opiHoopa.y."  I,,  hl«  liulKnunt  ll.o  wh..lo 
occ  OHlunticnl  nyMom  wiih  huMtU  uponlniiHMluroumI  rruuU.iina»Uilninod 
by  l^nornnco  nn<l  o|r|.roMion.  •  »"««• 

It  Id  poHHlhio  Ijithcr  <li(|  not  «nm«'lcnily  dldrrimlnnto  hctWMn  tho 
conittitntion  of  Iho  (Jhunh  iih  doHno.l  in  Hninturo,  and  tho/«rv*v/  dferctaU 
hy  whi<  h  ilH  nuthorlly  wnH  now  uphold.  Tho  Churoh  had  un<h>uhu><l|r 
tidivino  origin;  (ho  opiMOopmy  vva«  Iho  unilorm  mkhIo  <.|*  ^ovornniont 
Iron*  tho  diiyn  of  iho  a|KmtloN.  What  had  nood  t(»  ho  coriocUd  woio  iho 
ori-or(j  ot  laloTKrowth,  which  niado  tho  Popo  HUj.romo,  and  tho  Church 
corrupt.  J.utlkT  now  wont  vlKorounly  lo  Iho  work,  al(houi;h  in  Iiih 
OXcOHMiyo  ioal  ho  wan  in  dauKcr  of  lou(diin«  homo  of  Iho  i.riniarv 
prlnciploH  with  loo  rou^h  u  hand.     Tho  puhlio  voic-o  choorcl  l.im  on  • 

.    itn<    whonntlhocitvKatoofVViKomlMTK,  in  prcHonco  of  iho  nmfoMorM 
rtnd  HtudontHof  Iho  (Jnlvorf«lty,  and  nn  immouHo  crowd  of  Moo'iatorH  ho 

Pommitlml   to  tho   namoH  Iho  hull  of  th. .0,  ami  Iho  docrc(al«  of 'iho 

Uhurch,  ho  hIo(kI  (orlh  iih  Iho  moKl  prominoni,  foarloas  man  in  ChrUlon- 
doin,  and  Ihortd.y  Htruvk  a  choni  which  vilr,lted  in  ovory  Kuropoun  homo 
hnthUMinsn,  was  nt  It.  hoiKht.  NohlcH  and  poopio,  cnntloM  an<l  IVoo 
town*  rivnllod  each  olhor  in  xoal  m»d  onthuHia.m  for  Luthor  At 
Nurombor«,  at  HlniMhurK,  nnd  oven  nt  Montz,  hi.  Hmallont  pnmnhIol« 
woro  omuhjUHly  cauKht  up  at«  fant  an  I  hoy  nppoarod.  Tho  Hhootn  woro 
hurnod  ijnd  Hmujr«lod  into  Iho  nhops.  all  wot  fVom  Iho  pro.H.  and  woro 

-  groodily  <lovourtM|  by  tho  aspiring  litteratcxm  of  tho  (Jorman  Compnnion- 
Bhip,  bv  tho  pootic  linmon,  tho  lournvd  coi-dwalncrH;  tho  irocxl  HanN- 
SochH  Hhook  on  hiH  wanted  vulKnrily,  IcR  hiH  nhoo  unHniHhod,  wrote  hig 

i^l^'nTw-M'"  'r^P'"''"^"*"'"'  '"^  «""«  "ii»'  »>«*«'•  •wreath  tho  niirhtln-     - 
calo  of  WittomberK,  wIioho  voice  roHoundcd  everywhere 
N<,thinff  Hcconded  Luthor  more  poworAdly  than  tho  zoal  of  thoprintom 
and  booknellerH  ,n  behalf  of  tU  now  idcnn.    Tho  workn  whiJh  woro 
favourable  to  h.m  woro  printed  bv  tho  p^UcrH  with  min.ito«t  care  and 
o  ion  at  their  own  oxnenno,  and  many  copies  woro  Btruck  oft'.     Many 
old  monk«    too    who  l.ad  i-oturnod  to  a  secular  life,  livo<l  on  LmhorV" 
AYorkB,  and  hawked  them  through  Germany."*    ...  -^^wmor" 

A  grand  crl-sis  had  arrived.    Tho  Btorm  wa»  in  M\  blast.    Thcro  wo» 
Ae  rumblo  of  distant  thunder.    Men's  hearts  woro  failing  them  for  fJa?^ 
What  move  Bhall  bo^madenoxt?    When  will  the  co^motiiucoMof 
•N.  Miektltt 


»."-^ 


^^  «^  ^  ff^fhrm^Hm^^ 


rH»r».«,«  biuMiL  "£"''•'•'*•'•'"  ^^'i^^nh  t,«<V.m  .  '^•''?  •?!''""' 


f* 


•^  e 


I)ortt'i 

proHoin; 

"ntl  moli 

provided] 


f' 

nu.,*M«,»„i/,™*^^^^^^^^        .1.0  r,„|i,.i„i  ti,.:  -w- ,•  And 

in  tho  L.-m/a   *"^"'^"'  moniont  of  J„„  J,r«.  :*  ^ '  *''*"'"  ^''o  Diot     If 

hLo  St.''  t7„i'b'r^'''"7'''-    ^^"  «'-i'      "^n  "  iTL"'"*''""  "^•-'  ' 
tl.o  Groat  Toad  or  ,.^''"'*'   ''"  ^'""""o  <'f  tl.o  iWr      n^^      wltuosHod 

"^'   *"  M»o  pomp  of 


t 


!  W  V 


inq«IHii 


f 
I**  f,nr 


♦•* 


rW  mnje^tywiii.  tlinplayMl.    Tho  KmpQPor  ••I  mtmn  %  iktwm 
[  iiK     •I'M'lally  nro|Mirf.l  fur  him,  numi  Ki»r><«»oMitly  Nrrnf  iMt<~tii<s  lnit)«lMotiii(ion 
|,^P     •?   ^,       ^""^  ""•'   !"»*»«''■      AhhiwI   him   won.   iw)«lofi    th«    Ar.lMluko 
r«r.liimn.l,  «  Kl.„  t.,ni  t.f  lh«  Kmplro,  21  Ihiki*.  H  MaiKfttv»t»,  IM  Anh' 
l»uiio|m  iu„l   |||,|,o|,«,  7   AmlHi«-»i.l..r»,   10   lH'|iiititm  (,t  Ikw  U)wm,  aii4  i 
Sy»"^'ik    Tn  *'"""•"'  •'«"»««  niHl  li«KnU<M,  nmiaiiilinK  imiiM  W)  aUmt.  I 
1.    I  ,*    .        **"■*  '•*"""''y  «'r..wilwl   Willi  i.|H'«  im.»r5»-.|sotm'  wnrmly     ; 
eXclUM  ill  Uihrtli;  „lUom  Utterly  .m|H*iK|  to  la»U.«r,     jihiry  hvdiiuo     ^ 
lomlin«  »,,  |h.i  hulldlriK  wnn  Mockmf  un  with  |k«,i,|«.     IfhiiiUin  hiul 
cilmiHiU  u|M)ii  lh«>  hoiiMotot;.*,  mill  hiiiMlrvth  moni  p.tiri-»ii»l.  4  (Hi.)  iiNluini/* 
'-or  tho  wlornirr.    In  Hym|»rili>  iiikI  N|.iiii  ihu  «li..lo  ..i  (%ii«t%.n.lom 
'''|Hit.Hlii,M,iith«m>oiio  .    Wh«ii  huthiT  oinionml,  lhi%««mblo4 

vniw.l  lK.<ml.l  liim  with  nWvnt  oiiiotliin,  ihtui  miwHl  u  I.enily  Ao«r.     ir# 
WAN  ilrvmod  ill  Iho  Itahit  «»"  UU  Onlitr,  wi-m-iMx  »  nluiu  l.luck  Mwri,  mitff 

■  "     r^if^    if  V.'"  '  *"  ''*'*  ''"'"'      '^"^  •'*'  *"««»i'*'«l  •»»'  oulor  .uiirt  or  Iho  *••' 

Imll,  old  IioiukI^Ih..^,  tli<)  Cummumlor  or  I  ho  Km|Kr.»i'i.  UkIw  Kiiiinl,    " ' 
Koiitly  laiil  hi»  Iron  KUiuitloIr  u|mhi  hi*  iih.HilU«r,  and  .■.4<liii«M)dT  '  Wmr  • 
uiimK,  thin  In  u  hold  w..ik  yoii  nthnipl.     On  tho  wonl  .d'n  K«iill..niftn, 
;*      iifit  iii>r  I,  hoi-  luiy  othui-  kiihuhI  h«iu,  Ium  Utvii  oiiKa««d  in   Hindi  a 
iKMiIoiw  uHiiir;  and  yot  wo  havo  Injon  in  M)mu  tryin^t  Nittiatioiin,     Ihit 
I!  you  liavo  laiih  hi  youi-  .loflrln.',  ^o  tJ)nvHi-.J  in  llnMiwiiM  of  (J.hI."     ■ 
",\ott,    roplliKl  Luihir,  ''In  Iho  naiiHMdlMMl  I  advanw."     Iniifothor 
^Jnoinont  ho  wan  intriNliicod   to  Iho  aiiKiiNt  a«»oinldy.     With  ni|iirl«>*l 
[oolmi/H..r  adniiialion  and  Un^;,  ho  U^wod  Udim"  hiHjmlKiw.     A  hpwith. 
,      lOHM  hIIoiico  ndKiu'd  thi-oiiKhont  tho  liall.     hulhol-  HtmA  ni«itl<rid«wH  iiH  a 
.;.  Htatno.     X.H  n  Kphlt  nowly  ii«..ii,  ho  MtHuniid  lont  in  m'ollotHI«)nifcttna 

UMi»mv.ioki>i  of  HunoiMi.linK  thiiiKM.     Tho  Kiuihu-oi-  ^aml  on  ii»  wo&oi-; " '  . 
tho   IX^piitios  and  I'linft'H  nwo  IWini  thoir  clnilrH  to  hurvoy  tho  llgpro, 
##        ""«*  ooiitemplato  tho  Hcon»'.     Manv    woro  njovt«l  by  Myinpalhy;  Hinio 
.      wtiio  bumloK  with  iovcn,?o.     ''^^mniKo,  hroih.'r!''  whUoVcd  u  voIdc.:    .. 
"  roor  not  tln'm  that  kill  Iho  IkxIv.  and  hiivo  not  power  ti.  i<ill  thoHonl.''    ' 
In  a  I.MKlcr  tono  another  Httid ;  -  Vyiion  yo  Miami  Ind'oro  kioKH,  think  raot      • 
,  ^  what  yo  «|,oll  Huy ;  for  It  rtlinll  Iw  nivon  yon  in  that  hour."     A  pilu  of 

books  lay  bulore  hint  on  ft  lahlo.     My  fomniand  of  tho  Kmporor,  fco 
was  inkoa  wbothcr  hg  had  writton  tlumo  books,  and  whelhor  ho 
propnml  to  notraut  Ihoir  contontH.    On  hoarinir  their  titluM  roud. 
.     •        t:on<Mdly  «t'knowlwl,<od  his  authornhip.     .     ...     ,    .      -  ,* 

Tho  Hccowl  qucHtiori,  ho  wud,  rciiuirtHl  timo  ftMrconBldoratlon.    Ttwi 
granted.    Many  thought  tho  rcquoBt  ln<Hnito<l  alarm,  and  woro  pro- 
parwl  lor  a  rocantation.    Tlioy  woif  Noioly  dlMappointod  when  tho  Diot 
i-o-aHMomblod.     Duiieig   the  tocohh,  Author  hoUl   conlbronco  with  hiH 
,  iMondM ;  alwvo  all,  he  hail  conununion  with  iUnl    Union  to  hiM  nrayor. 

breathed  In  tho  solitudo  of  hiH  rcM.m:— "O  (Jodl    O   thou   my   (JodI 
osMiHt  mo  againHt  ail  tho  windom  of  tho  world.    Thou  Uiml  choHon  mo 
lor  tho  work.    Stand  by  mv  dulo  ;  and  llioiigh  tho  world  Hhould  \w  Hllod 
•     ^>th  dovilH,  though  my  body,  which  however  Ih  tlio  work  of  thy  handM, 
Bhou  d  bito  theduHt,  Ihj  racked  on  tho  wheelM,  cut  in  piecoH,  ground  to 
nowdor,  my  houI  is  thino.     Yoh,  thy  woixl  in  my  pledge,"    HIh  iUith  had 
been  renewed;  hm  courage  was  revived.    More  calm,  more  collected, 
moro  confiding,  ho  waa  more  I  ban  a  match  for  h  Im  judges.    When  appealed 
\  ^   to  for  his  decision,  in  hoiw  that  he  would  retract,  he  replied  In  u  tono  of 
^  candour  and  simplicity,  of  majesty  and  power,  which  excited  general 

jp:      Btirpnuo.    Ho  oxplainod  tho  oharactor  of  hitt  works,  dofondod  tho  <ioc- 


% 


WM 


I 


*   ^     - 


<^. 


'^m 


t  '.;,    V, 


■"     Ah    '■  r    IHiV 


(■^ 


->7 


r'4 


ao 


L^^hw  and  the  '^ef<mnaticn. 


I 


*     ^:-^d*S??^^«J^^  in  the  struggle  which  had 

of  Scripture-  1  cannotind  wifl"";:  "i^?."r'^'"*"'»«'-'^>'  tt«n  tha? 
>     «tberw.«o;  God  help  mo r  S  J?.t  ,^«?,f  /  ^'"^°  '  '''»  5  Icannotdo 

'         dwhed  in  vain,  the  refomor^tood  unmov^^^^^  aff'iiu^t  which  the  tide Ti 

'  It  is  the  K$Sijfsa!::;ns'  ^^'^^^^^^^    'v^^i 

Truth  has  nothing  to  fear  fromoJll^l  """*  ",  ^"^"  indication  of  decS 
cannot  stand  upoH  its  ^hmn^:^^''*T^""^«'^^^^^      When  a  svS™ 

It  18  a  fair  presumption  either  Jh«7??/-**?^'*'"«<'  to  its  demands 
'  Jte  adherents  are  cSwartkT  ^^  '^'  princple^  are  unsound,  ^tt 
vanablj  in  its  object  UmLvvvavoiU^L  i-  ^?'  Porsocntion  fhi^n- 
oppressor,  but  it  also  ensures  Lm£?l.w^  ^^^'Snity  and  power  Ttho 
^w  of  nature;  or  a  decree  of  pSnJe  tl^^^  ,«Pl>^««ed  and  Ay  a 
Incomes  more  elastic  and  8ucS„i\;*'*° '^^^^^^^ 
It  was  so  during  the  persSS  of  2  p  ^  '^  ^^  t^e  apostoli^days- 
fb^centuriesAndirwa^t'S^^  iu  ^e  S 

.  ^«t  th?  mark<rd  promSce  hei^L^ -P"  °^  ^'olonce  fro JrhisTe- 
adulation  from  friends"  whicb  SK'"^  ^-^P<>««d  him  to  a  &ro  of 
spiritual  life.    It  was  ofThe  wSLnH  ^"^^^^  deirimental  S  h^f 
character  of  the  work     T^fiT.^       ^^P*^^^"ce  to  preserve  tho  rL.v.-! 
out  theinterve^S^f^felf  |t^  «g«nt  l^f  hS 

current  of  human  tlK>ughtaSd,«lv',5*?P'^  impossible  that  £ 
changed.  They  take  a  shorSKTn.r''*.*^  so^visibly  and  qSy 
history  who  contend  thar^^BeforSr"' ''"P^^Whical  W  S^ 
^ean^  without  a  r.cpgnition^^fe^;?^3,the  re|dt  of  hu^^ 

belang.ngt«theElect<^,^|«^ 


.  /■■ 


TWi|'l»^i>.HW^ 


clothed  in  the  armour  of  a  knight,  and  provided  with  every  comfort 

compatible  with  hm  safety,  and  the  scerosy  of  his  retreat.    A  profound 

lr.T     I  the  i)ublie  nUnd  when  the  fact  of  Luther's  disapnoaranco 

hecamo  known.    The  report  at  ilrst  was  hiu-dly  ^-redited  ;  tllon  oppos- 

ing  conjectures  were  indulged,  and  contradictory  statements  made  and 

severe,  reflections  uttered.    His  absence  produced  a  girntor  commotion 

than  h,8 presence.    .         .    ..  ;    It  was  seldom snch^  trib'utehad  been 

.   paid  to  the  character  of  an  indivrdunl;,  it  was  scldomer  still  that  uny 

lel igious  movement  could  so  proibumledly  stir  the  passions  of  the  heart 

and^evoko  a  general  outburst  of  sympathetic  grief.    And  in  what  shall 

^e  trace  the  cause  ot  .this  excitement?  .  It  is  found  in  part  in  the  cha- 

ractor  of  the  man,  and m  part  in  the  nature  of  his  work!    Had'  Luther 

&th«T'l"-li*'*''^  hypocrit.0  his  cnqmies  have  portrayed  him,  or 

S!?A  K.    ^'■""'^  u"  "Pjet/'er  origin  than  human  pission,  tJiero  could 

have  been  np  such  pamf^l  sensation  in  consequence  of  hii  supposed 

imprisonment  or  death.    The  instincts  of  the  people  seldon/go  Stray 

Lu  her  had  proved  himself  a  conscientious  and'  honest  m«n(  as  pure  irf 

motive  as  he  was  bold  in  action;  and  at  once  ap  iharac 

for  thd^bss  ot  thci^.  leader,  their  benefactor,  and  their  friend.    .    . 

«5!i°°P*i^'*^  ^^  Juther  Was  pjumarily  serviceable  to  himself.    He 

needed  rest,  as  well  for  the  body  as  the  mind.    By  meditation  and 

fnSd  bv?f.tet  'f  '^"'.  qmcfconed ;  by  the  studies  in  which  he 

fffif&7^'*°.u' *'*'''''''*'''  ""^'  "^^®  «"' V  thoti-anslationof 

thebcnptures  int»  the  common  tongue,  ho  confirmed  his  own  and  gavo 

imi>otus  to  the  faith  of  others     Li  the  castle  of  the  Wartburg  he  some^ 

^mcs  compared  himself  to  St.  John,  at  Putnios;  and  verily  as  the 

J^clovcd  disciple  was  placed  in  banishment  ihat  ho  might  receive  tho 

revelation  oftho  last  times,  and  write  thenyin  a  book,  so  the  intrepid 

flnK''^'^  sec  uded  trom  the  world  that  he  might  translate  for  tho 

peoplp  the  revelations  which  had  be^n  Jifoi-btimo  made.    Without  a 

tr^slation  of  the  Bible,  tho  Eefo.mation  ^ould  have  been  incomplete! 

LZ^JiyT^t'  ?»f^'V'""t  this  seclusion  no  such  translation  could 

i^n^ii  pT^*i!      »«tei-nal  struggles  thrWh  which  he  passed  ho  was 

,„«prepai-ed  for  the  outer  confl  cts  ho  had /to  wage  ;  and  iy  placing  the 

whthrS"  '•^rf^f  t!l«  P«0P1«  he  provided  for  them  an  in^stCSt  by 
which  God.  could  silently  carry  on  His/ work,  when  the  human  acents 
wei^  removed.  „«  Tho  Bible  was  broi^ht  forwai-d,  and  LuThe"  Sa 
secondary  place;  God  shewed  himseltand  man  w^ seen  as  n1^^^^ 

_  There  is  no  i-6goneiator  of  Bpciotjr  like  the  Bible.  As  leaven  its 
Si  f^^^J^tfd  spread-  In  the'mission  work  of  the  Church,'  the 
S  •  •  ^''/  'l^^ -!l  supreme.  Wo  must  not,  can  not,  dispense  with 
the  living  teacher  and  the  outward  ordinances.  But  in  ca^c?  wherTtho 
missionary  cannot  go,   the  Bible  may  gain  access,  anrby  Tnstming 

tlrm  '"^  *^L:f  •°^'  f"^  ^"B^  *^«  ™^  of  con^'icUon  Z 
morm.^  •    •    -,   And  equally  so  in  the  scholastic  projects  of  the  ace 

I^^r«  flS'T''"  iiK  ^^^'  P^"'«^-  O""-  '««««"  »>ooks  in  history  and 
Sr«  .1       beneath ^ts  charms.    It  might  not  bo  wise  to  make  the 

^^t^S^^l^'^^T^  ''  should  ncJSj  . 

]^^  the  educational  qui^tions  which  are  rising  to  tho  siirfhce  in  Great 
Bntain,  m  the  United/  States,  in  Canada,  i&  is  a  point  whidimSt    - 


'W'* 


!        1 


w 


22- 


J^ther  and  the  lieformatim. 


the  physical  i„fl„enc(«- of  fe  "tf  ^*  «^"««t'«"  i«  »>ouh3^  by 
and  the  obligation  of  viHuo  ^  ViJ.  ^'°  J'T°^5'^°  of  coiiscioncT 
thoir  children  as  into!1octuai  mri,-      T''^*'"''    ^^OJ  would  oducato 

ll  ,?'^'"S^Fominonco  roraTo.'.f?"  '^f-  ^^^'^^^^^  ^^  "^^^ 
.      nnotV.  ^  tU  rules  of  ai-^thrno  c  and  f  h«      • "'  T  ***  *''°  o-^clusion  of 
facts  of  history  and  the  JSverios^^^^^^  of  gi-ammar,  the 

rpquirod  by  mathematics  and  tZ  7.^^15    Y*'"f  ?'  *^'°  ««^«^-o  tiisciplino 
.CJreok  and  Boman  classoa  hto  all?w  '"-''''*^^^^^^ 
»«  unmindful  of  thenf f  S^'^ot  d  ±cd  W^  »''"•'*'•    ^  ^^^P^  ««  o^o 
But  18  there  no  soul,  no  consJ^nn.^^     ^  to  depreciate  their  influoncc 
thoi^  no  „eed  for  truth  ami C;^  eternity?  a^dt 

/  and  heaven  ?  And  whenrn  «Tf k? '  ■  *' -^  ""'^  devotion,  for  holiness 
;  «ay  nothing  of  a  ChrisUainr  ^  f  1«"?«nt8  of  a  moral  chai^ctorlS 
1  of  the  Bibl?  ?  Should  "S  not~  hetfcH?''^  r^  ^'^"^  the^Sipgs  • 
,  «^qua.nted  with  that  Bible  rpracticablS  T^^  «"'  children  as  early 
I  fttiU  wider  circulation  through  th«„rfi,  ^"''  ^''^"^d  ^e  not  give  it  a 
the  standanl  of  our  ap,  eaP^  ii\h"T  J  ^ ,  ^^'"i^^^  P"ll>it  wo  mio  i? 
'       ?f  our  ypnth ;  and  wSliher  am"^^^^^^  we  should  maL  it  theS  * 

. .  m  heathen  lands,  its  inXeS  "vll  h/rfK^"  ^^^  «''^'  ^"  civili  Jd  oj 
fe*;l'?«ff,,«tower,  as  the  ge.iiarr2'ort. «"  ^•^'^^'""g  ^ow,  as  thj 
Bible  for  the  people,  Luther  nlaL?rfW  ^'f  ?"•,  ^"  translating^  the    . 

reSSi^l^fcj:;,^^  completed.    His  health 

increased,  he  wis  prepaS  Tike  EinT  .'r?,?'?"«"^--^'«  influence 
place,^ and  again  ti  siL^in  tLs  o?m«l«*'^  ^''^^ 
^pecial  need  ibr  his  pi-esenS     Sr?nf  5"^' V""^  P°^«'-  Thero  ' 

divers^  opinions  sprang  un'monrth?  .«f  '*^'°''''  J"  ^^^^  ^artbui^ 
pund  Of  future  ti-ouble?  me#  T^,^,,'^«f«^°»ers  which  became  tfe    ' 
Bances  were  for  the  moment  Ked^  fc'""'*''^"^^'  t'^^  distui!         , 
,t,*o  try  his  temper  and  ire  ht  ;,e^?*  ".^^^^^^  round 

8_J\oftld  be  assailed  bv  all  tho  ™„     /x..       "  ^"*  ^^>^  cn(mgh  that  ho 
.  l;S*r  Henry  VlI^fi^P7«^^»^  >' 

treatise  on  the  Seven  SacraMsof^dfrT   / ""  'i?*^.  ''^"^"^t  ^J™-    His        ^ 
a  seveire  reply    MelanShS.^l5i\  ^^"'^^''' ^^^^^''^  forth  fr^^^^ 

but  no,  said  4W7"S  6ho^^^^ 

beasts  who  are  continSfbLl^fr^f ^'?.*^r^^^^^^^^  f^^ocioSs 

-author  had  called  him  bfa  few  ^S'^H*^^'""^^^^^^      Theroval 
Jtjphonious  of  these  wereS'  apf  ^.^nfo^^^^^  ^ot  the  leas 

"limb  of  the  devil!"    LuthefiourS^ut  ir'^'    " venomous  viper," 
nautaarcaan,^,,,^^^^^^ 


*'••. 


""^^^ff' 


JMtKer  and  the  Ji^ormaUon.^        "  H ' 

made  the  lofty  Tudor  writhe  upon.hls  throne,  and  which  called  to  his  ' 
aKlS«^a^  More,  Chancellor  of  ttieKingdom,  and  Fisher,  BiahJ? 

K^hi^"^*'''  M^T  ^''*''*^°  "^'"^^  ^*^««"  Lutlicrand  the  Pope.  All 
S.Tf,f  r  ^K^'f  °?.'^'"°''  'iSuished,  In  rapid  succesHion  tL  refer- 
mor  sent  forth  treatises  and  letters  upon  the  principal  quobtions  in 
dispute,  which  gave  impetus  to  the  work,  ant(  which  made  hi™ 
mo.|epowerful  than  any  s{.ord  in  Christendom.  It  7s  imp^  imp^^^^^ 
Tv^Sir  P^l"'  "^•*'  to  analyse  these  works,  or  to  folbFvTn  Si  th^ 
events  ^which  now  rapidly  crowded  on  each  other.  The  remark  inu^t 
suffice  that  like  a  violent  stream-almost  with  the  rapid ity^ofS 
ZifiT*^'  Keformatien  spread  from  viHage  to  town,  fmrn  city  to  natS 
untd  its  influence  was  foft  at  every  Court,  and  the  general  afpect  of  the 
Church  and  the  Continent  was  changed.    .   -.    .    .    .    .    . 

In  the  writings  of  Luther  thei-o  were  evidences  of  a  gi-eat  mind  and 

ofa  generous  soul.  ,  They  wore  not  indeed  free  fi-om  ITe  Scs-^ 

1t^"  T  «°"^^t^«iruggcd  and  uncouth ;  his  .roaSg  wafofton   i 

For  fi  Irr""^*   7."'  " "^^  ^°  ^^'"««^  "  conscientious  >refe^S 

h^  Sk\wS'  *'"^?'*,^^'V;.*'  *^  c«'«'»""leate  to  others  the  knowledge 

he  had  hiV^clfacaairod.    His  acquaintance  with  the  philosophy  of  the 

schools,  h;«  study  of  the  patristic  theology,  his  penotrLingjuS 

his  logical  power,.lus  ready  wit,  his  keeSsati^-ofhis  copious  dS  his 

impassioned  eloqi«>nce,  rendered  him  aformidable  opponent,  and  enabled 

.him  to  argue  a^d  persuade  as  few  men  of  that  ago  we^e  able  toT 

'  I-  'yt\   "  *  .;  •  ^      ononiiea  of  Luther  even  have'borne  testimony  to 

his  literary  attaiamens  and  intellectual  power.  .According  to  ^r^^^^ 

Mafnbourg,  ho  possessed  a  quick  and  penetrating  genius,  was  indeC- 

able  in  his  studfcs    and  acquired  great  knowledge  of  languages   and 

of  the  wntings^of  the  ancient  fivlhcrs ;    while  ^rillasiul  ^Kh 

historian,  dcclai^d  that  no  man  either  of  his  own  time  or  since  smko 

f„;r^^^r^^l^'^S^^SO,  or  understood  its  nicetiesTeUer Ihah 

ionufi     Tl".  Ty,^^^^}'^^  ^  reason,    why  his  works  Lamb  so 

FS  if;    ^^»M>«opl?  "n^frstOQd  him.    In  the  estimation  ^f  Melanc 

then,  he  wmmnia  in^ommbus^omi.hto  in  everyfiiing,  a  veW  miracle 

r«?l  A.  W  l^'*^  '?  composition.  His  productio3is  teemed  from  the 
press  a&  by^n^agic.     Heaps  of  them  were  burnl  in    Germany    in 

Swn'i!''  ^r'^'^H*  ^'^^  ^""*  ^"«  «^««  supplied,  and TeVe^ 

^  It.  may^bejdifficuilt,  perhaps  impossible,  to  coincide  with  all  the 
opinionsJie  advanced,  or  witk  all  the  arguments  by  which  he  uphold 
them.  ^He  sometimes  took  a  cohtracted  view  of  the^St  siSc^^^^ 

InlS^^^A^'^^'^y  «luc.^tion,  indeed,  was  visible  thiCCul: 
In  many  of  Ms  discussions  on  Free  Will,  on  the  Eeal  ProsAhrn  nn 
Jhisl^ionjQi  Fmth,  o^^^  MonLtic  Vowr&c.  ^e  si^^^^ 

to  speat  and  Tfrite  as  a  man  who  had  only  Vagudy  ai^pveh^ZX     ' 
tnitfi.    His  tmper  was  6ften  irritable,  his  language  too  severe  •  he 
became  imperious  m  his  will,  and  impetuous  in  his  deeds.    Yet  many 
2L  l£    "^'  "S  produced  by  the  struggles  in  which  he  had  eng3 

-aiSstT«T«2^- V  **  *^?"  of  controversyand  the  Strife  of  to^n|ie8 
-amidst  the  ass^ciationa  of  homo,  and  in  intercourse  with  friends,~he 
was  eminently  gjaii^l  and  pleasant.    It  is  aiiLeaajLmattei^toJBd^-a^— 


*,-H 


Hi 


Zuther  and  ihis  Jiafohnation. 


Every  great  character  has  some  dofecta.  We  may,  perchance,  detect  a 
•  spot  upon  the  sun  itself.  But  in  all  liis  opinions  and  labours,  I  boliovo 
Luthor  Avas  thoroughly  conscientious  nnd  sincere,  as  cnndid  in  Jud|o;ment 
,  as  he  was  coura<joous  in  action.  His  dosirc  was  to  know,  anil  then  to 
communicate  tRe  truth.  If  he  had  wishwl  to  lead  the  people  astray, 
ho  had  the  fturest  opportunity  to  do  so.  But  in  matters  of  faith,  and 
in  the  ceremonies  of  worship,  his  supremo  authority  was  the  Woi-d  of 
God.  It  was  the  standard  of  his  appeal,  the  guide  of  his  life ;  when 
tried  b^  this  touchstone,  he  did  i^ot  go  very  far  wrong ;  and  estimated 
according  to  the  highest  principles  on  which  character  is  formed, 
he  19  worthy  to  be  ranked  among  the  noblest  and  bravest  of  his  kind. 

•         •'■■•.•••■•,■ 

^  i_  —  ."„'""'■...■■.. 

Myiimits  preclude  an  examination  of  the  peculiar  tenets  which  were 

held  and  taught  by  Luthor  and  the  Beformei-s  generally,  and  of  the 

differences  of  opinion  w:hich  soon  began  to  devolope  thomselvos  among 

them.    It  is  in  many  respects  a  most  useful,  yet  most  painful  subject; 

and  in  the  consideration  of  which  there  is  need  for  a  discriminating 

charity.    The  Beformei's  had  tiot  all  the  advantages  we  possess.    They 

were  as  men  groping  in  the  dark.     The  incubus  of  superstition  had 

weighed  heavily  upon  them.    It  was  hai-dly  possible  to  avoid  a  few 

errors.    They  committed  many  grave  mistakes.     Still,,  on  the  whole, 

they  were  farsoeing  men,  and  as  courageous  as  Ihoy  were  wise.    Their 

aim  was  to  restore  the  Church  to  Apostolic  doctrine  and  primitive 

usage.    With  all  the  difficulties  through  which  they  struggled,  and  with 

all  the  blunders  they  made,  they  succeeded  in  a  remarkable  degree ;  and, 

allowing  even  that  the  Beformation  was  incomplete,— that  it  was 

attended  with  inconvenience  and  encompassed  with  error,— still  it  was 

a  grand,  social  and  religious  change,  and  next  to  the  introduction  of 

Christianity  itself,  was  the  most  important  movement  that  had  taken 

place  in  the  history  of  the  Church'Or  of  the  world.    .    .    ...    . 

It  is,  perhaps,  difficult  to  estimate  fully  the*influence  of  the  Beforma- 
tion.    We  cannot  do  it  without  contrasting  the  condition  of  the  Church 
and  of  Society  before  the  Beibrmation  with  their  condition  isince.    In 
the  fprmer  period  ignorance  and  superstition  reigned  triumphant ;  in  ' 
the  latter,  knowledge  runs  to  and  fro,  and  a  pure  faith  finds  expression 
in  a  more  spiritual  and  less  symbolic  service,    A  wondrous  change 
indeed  has  been  produced.    There  is  everywhere  and  in  everything 
evidence  of  life  and  growth.  'The  progress  of  art,  of  literature,  of  science ; 
the  advancement  of  religion,  and  the"  improvement  in  politics,  all  attest 
the  operation  of  a  super-human  power.    It  might  not  be  just  to  attri- 
bute every  social  and  political  change  which  has  taken  place  in  Europe 
during  the  last  three  hundred  years  to  the  principles  diffused  and  the 
influence  exerted  by  the  Beformation.    Yet  it  was  during  that  glorious 
struggle  that  the  human  mind  was  emancipated,— that  an  intellec- 
tual fi-eedom  and  a  moral  supremacy,  \yere  asserted  for  all  nations  and 
for  all  men ;  and  if  to-day  we  possess  an  open  Bible  and  a  pure  Wor- 
ship—if we  can  exult  in  civil  liberty  and  a  sound  education— if  we 
enjoy  social  equality  and  domestic  comfort— and  if  in  ten  thousand 
streams  and  forms  the  blessings  of  a  Divine  Christianity  encircle  our  "^ 

{>ath  and  flow  through  the  worW,  it  is  in  no  small  degree  due  to  the 
abors  and  sacrifices  of  those  majestic  old  men  who,— whatever  thei^i'^ 
feilingS)— were  giants  in  their  day,— who  counted  not  their  lives  defjir 


^.f* 


■4:1''^: 


:V^;      ■     I'^ther  tmd  tJke  Reformation,  >5 

unto  thempwho  wont  bravely  to  the  dungeon  and  the  «take  in  testi- 
mony of  thoirzoal  and  lovfl,  and  of  whom  Martin  Luther  was  one  of 
the  most  iliustnouH  and  brave.  «.  ^,..«  wi 

Wo  should  be  careful  to  fallow  the  example  they  have  sot.  and  Drove 
ourso  v-o.  worthy  of  the  heritage  they  havJlcm  \  solemn  'reH,J>K' 
n£*K  ?■  u  "  l""*'*^  Hpcciul  souse  than  to  the  ancient  Jews,  it  is 
true,  that  to  us  have  boon  c(»mm.tted  the  "  oracles o((i,xl."  ..  Thone  oracles 
are  sealed  by  the  blood  of  our  forefathers,  no  loss  than  by  the  authority 
of  our  Loixl  Ihoy  demand  consistency  and  courage  in  their  proservi- 
tion^and  dolence  If  we  nrove  fi.ilhlo.ss  to  the  trust,  grolTt.  wi/l  bo  ow 
condemnation  and  woe.  There  is  danger  ahead !  In  a  moditied  form 
wo  may  have  to  hghtm-er  again  tlte  llefbrmat ion  battle.  The  times 
are  ominous  of  storm.  In  both  the  nations  and  the  Church,  principles 
are  pronuilgatod  which  tend  to  undermine  the  "foundation  of  the  faith 
and  to  impede  the  progress  and  influence  of  truth.  Tho  papal  power  is 
struggling^o  regain  its  lost  ascendancy.     While  in  its  ancient  strong- 

iSAmo.S^n  ?;'-'"'"* M,*^'""''i^^^  ^'"•'^'''•y  is  declining,  in  Great  Britain 
and  America  it  IS  rapidly  gaming  in  number  and  power.  At  this 
moment  the  Clilu-chot  Jomo  presents  the  most  singular  "spectacle  ex- 
hibited by  It  since  the  Relbrmation  period.  Within  the  walls  of  the 
'eternal  city    a  grand  Council  is  assembled,  to  discuss  quastions  and  to 

decree  dogmas  which  atlect  its  own  particular  commnnioii,  and imliroctlv 
he  whole  civilized  world.  It  is  folly  to  attach  undue  importance  to 
this  meeting.  An  "Ecumenical  Council"  it  is  not;  and  whatever 
decisions  It  may  arrive  at,  they  can  have  no  legal  authority,  and  will  be 
iM^diiig  on  none  savo^thoso  who  choose  volmitiM-y  to  submit  to  them. 
Jot  the  assembling  of  such  a  Council  must  be  taken  as  a  ''sign  of  the 
times;  and.in  the^ questions  it  has  opojied,  in  the  passions  it  has 
stirred  m  the  protests  it  has  provoked,  in  tho  conclusions  it  may  form, 
and  m  the  influenco  it  may  exert,  it  will  undoubtedly  prove  the  precur- 
sor It  not  the  means  of  a  groat  ecclesiastical  and  revolutionary  change. 
Km  our  duty^to  watch  tho  proceedings,  and  to  prepare  for  the  issSe. 
especially  as  they  may  flft'oct. liberty  of  conscience  and  the  soundness  of 
our  laith  .  ,  .  .  Papal  Infallibility  is  a  gross  absurdffy,  contra, 
dictory  of  Scripture,  and  repugnant  to  reason,  and  dosorvinl  contempt 
rather  than  argument  in  its  refutation.     .    .     .     .     .     .  ^ 

^  But  not^lone  from  the  Church  of  Rome  is  the  danger  to  be  apprc 
hended.  ^  Wo  have  enemies  amongst  burselves,  as  a  branch  of  tho 
>  lt^BiP'"'"''*'v  ^"  ^''^^  <*n®  ''«nd  scepticism  assails  tho  character 
?L  IV  ^^  ?J  ''^lu  **®  ?*^®!^  formality  and.  superstition  i^-o  eating  out 
the  life  of  the  ^Church.  Our  safety  is  in  an  honest  and  unshrinking 
maintenance  of  tho  principles  of  the  Eeformation.^in  the  reception  of 
-Holy  Scripture  as  the  complete  i-ulo  of  faith  and  practice,  and  in 
the  observance  of  ^he. appointed  formularies  of  the  Church' as  laid 
down  111  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  without  diminution  or  addition, 
with  integrity  and  zeal.  -'Here  is  firm  fdoting;  here  is  solid  rock 
this  can  sustain  us ;  all  is  sea  besides."  Are  wo  ready  for  the  conflict 
should  a  conflict  conie?  TJan  we  emulate  the  zeal  of  sainted  martys 
and  shout  victory m death?.  .  .  .  .  Ther?  is  a  present  work  to  do 
>Ik-  *^^||^?"^'\all  o«r  energy  and  zeal;  and  the  faithful  performance 
ol  this  \vill  be  the  noblest  preparation  for  any  coiitingency  which  may 
ari.se.    We  have  ignorance  to  instruct;  we  have  unbelief  to  refute ;  we- 


■i 


.-r^-. 


% 


y 


td^ 


\:' 


n 


\  i 


fk ' 


/ 


I 


ZutAer  and  the  BsfwrmaUon. 


have  yice  to  destroy;  w«  h^ve  misery  to  remove.  The  irreot  mMfl«»* 
of  our  fellow  men  must  be  won.  to  Christ,  to  the  Bible,  and  to  tho 
Church.  In  doing  this  we  should  have  the  hero's  courage  and  the 
martyrs  fire;  and  by  ftoe  and  open  churches  ;-by' daily  and  attractive 
Bervtce;-by  earflest  and  faithful  proathing;— by  devoted  and  sympa- 
thetic visitation  amoi^,tho  people  in  their  homes  ;-land  by  the  zealous 
adoption  of  all  such  Aoans  as  Christ  wotild  have  fejuictionod,  and  his 
Apostles  used,  we  may  perpetuate  tho  Relbrmation  work,  and  render 
our  Jerusalem  a  prui«io  In  tho  earth.  v         , 

over^n'to  me?'''''  ''^'^ '      " ^^°  *^''"  *^® "^^'*  ^^^  ^    ^i\xxm  come^ 


Note.— The  following  extract  from  Macaulay's  "  History  of  England  " 
.is  one  out  of  a  number  of  passages,  I  had  marked  for  quotation,  as  con- 
ZT  ^^l  ""^  *°'"p  of  the  opinions  I  have  advanced,  anJ  as  illustrative 
li  «  .?!.  ^^f  ®  ""^^^^  Reformation.  My  space  will  not  admit  of  more. 
BubS    *"  "  another  time,  I  shall  probably  resume  the 

K--'^*1.1!?  ."''*' '^J'!*]'*'  "•• '"""em*  of  tho  Church  of  Rome  In  the  Bark  Ani  «^  An  th.  t.i.»i. 

^^^^ 

mwiM^mm 

.  iCVo  Clic  t^'KSJ,^^  camoWitt  'f^'/rdf."'  yr'.T*'!!"'''' »»  SwIUerUnd  from 
fliidiih«thirhi.i«.i2/iC;!r.i™_!i?'TV.yi^!*'?!'?™^  Catholic  to  a  Protentant  county. 


«nd.Th«t  T^fci.  „.T..2jh!:''     .  *  ""■«"•".."!  iwiana  rrom  a  Roman 


■X 


Wi»<ila.»M«,ja..pft»t<»,«rjii«i»aj^  «..^, 


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