Commissioner of Central Excise, New Delhi Vs. Hero Honda Motors Ltd
1. This appeal is against the judgment of the Customs, Excise & Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi dated 6th October, 1998. 2. The question which arises for determination is: whether receipt of advance and the income accruing thereon has gone towards depreciation of the sale price. 3. A conspectus of decisions show that inclusion of notional interest in the assessable value or wholesale price will depend on the facts of each case. In the present case, according to the adjudicating authority, the evidence indicated that the main object behind receiving advance from the customers was not security but collection of capital. In this connection, reliance was placed on financial accounts, MIS reports, pricing and costing. The said material was put to the officers of the company. The adjudicating authority found on evidence that the advances were invested and income therefrom by way of interest, dividends etc. constituted additional flowback (consideration) from the customer to the assessee. In this connection, the adjudicating authority found that interest at 9% was actually paid by the assessee to each of the customers; that the interest was shown as cost of production; that it was charged to cost of production; that the said expense was incurred under the head Sales which implicated sales income with other income. On examination of the balance sheet, profit & loss account and costing data, the adjudicating authority found that but for other income, assessee was required to increase the prices to recover the cost of manufacture. The adjudicating authority further found that this other income accrued to the assessee in the course of sale. The said authority found that the said other income formed part of the prices. That, the difference in the interest paid to the customers and the interest earned on the advances received from the customers constituted additional consideration which flowed back from the customer to the assessee. The adjudicating authority further found difference between the current assets and current liabilities in the final statements indicating utilization of advances to meet the working capital requirement. The adjudicating authority further found that the payment of interest to the customer was shown in the books as cost of production whereas the income received on deployment of funds (advances) has been shown as income from sales and other income. The adjudicating authority found understatement of assessable value on account of failure on the part of the assessee to take into account the additional consideration arising on account of difference in the rates of interest. 4. At the outset, we may point out that in this case the Annual Reports of the assessee show the opening and closing balance of the funds received under the caption Customers Advances. They show deployment of funds so received. The income accruing to the assessee was reflected in profit & loss accounts. For the year ending 31.3.1986 the outstanding balance under the above head was Rs. 33.40 crore out of which Rs. 28.90 crore was invested in various securities / deposits leaving a balance of Rs. 4.42 crore (see Schedule 4). The said schedule further indicates utilization of capital gains and interest income to reduce the liability under the said head. That, the said schedule 4 indicated not only liquidation of liabilities under the head customers advances by utilization of income on investments from such advances, they also indicated flowback of the benefits from the customers to the assessee. Moreover, the income from such investments was shown under the head Sales & Other Income. The said other income included interest on deposits, profit on sale of units and income from units (schedule 10). Even the Report of the Directors under the head Financial Reports show that the profits of the company have been based on implication of Sales with Other Incomes. For example, for the year 1985-86, Sales & Other Incomes were of Rs. 49.20 crores (rounded to O out of which Income from Sales was Rs. 45.02 crore (rounded to O) whereas Rs. 4.06 crore was on account of Other Income. Therefore, according to the adjudicating authority, the total income (Sales & Other Income) contributed to the profits which had a direct impact on pricing. According to the adjudicating authority, the said Other Income had contributed to the pricing. That, but for the said Other Income, it was not possible for the company to sell the motorcycles at a price lower than the unit cost of production. Lastly, the adjudicating authority found on facts that since interest paid at 9% to the customers was indicated as an expense, the income on the investments from the advances was includible in the assessable value. This aspect has also not been considered by the tribunal.
1[ds]4. At the outset, we may point out that in this case the Annual Reports of the assessee show the opening and closing balance of the funds received under the caption Customers Advances. They show deployment of funds so received. The income accruing to the assessee was reflected in profit & loss accounts. For the year ending 31.3.1986 the outstanding balance under the above head was Rs. 33.40 crore out of which Rs. 28.90 crore was invested in various securities / deposits leaving a balance of Rs. 4.42 crore (see Schedule 4). The said schedule further indicates utilization of capital gains and interest income to reduce the liability under the said head. That, the said schedule 4 indicated not only liquidation of liabilities under the head customers advances by utilization of income on investments from such advances, they also indicated flowback of the benefits from the customers to the assessee. Moreover, the income from such investments was shown under the head Sales & Other Income. The said other income included interest on deposits, profit on sale of units and income from units (schedule 10). Even the Report of the Directors under the head Financial Reports show that the profits of the company have been based on implication of Sales with Other Incomes. For example, for the year 1985-86, Sales & Other Incomes were of Rs. 49.20 crores (rounded to O out of which Income from Sales was Rs. 45.02 crore (rounded to O) whereas Rs. 4.06 crore was on account of Other Income. Therefore, according to the adjudicating authority, the total income (Sales & Other Income) contributed to the profits which had a direct impact on pricing. According to the adjudicating authority, the said Other Income had contributed to the pricing. That, but for the said Other Income, it was not possible for the company to sell the motorcycles at a price lower than the unit cost of production. Lastly, the adjudicating authority found on facts that since interest paid at 9% to the customers was indicated as an expense, the income on the investments from the advances was includible in the assessable value. This aspect has also not been considered by the tribunal.
### Instruction:
Evaluate the case proceeding to forecast the court's decision (1 for yes, 0 for no), and elucidate the reasoning behind this prediction with important textual evidence from the case.

### Input:
1. This appeal is against the judgment of the Customs, Excise & Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi dated 6th October, 1998. 2. The question which arises for determination is: whether receipt of advance and the income accruing thereon has gone towards depreciation of the sale price. 3. A conspectus of decisions show that inclusion of notional interest in the assessable value or wholesale price will depend on the facts of each case. In the present case, according to the adjudicating authority, the evidence indicated that the main object behind receiving advance from the customers was not security but collection of capital. In this connection, reliance was placed on financial accounts, MIS reports, pricing and costing. The said material was put to the officers of the company. The adjudicating authority found on evidence that the advances were invested and income therefrom by way of interest, dividends etc. constituted additional flowback (consideration) from the customer to the assessee. In this connection, the adjudicating authority found that interest at 9% was actually paid by the assessee to each of the customers; that the interest was shown as cost of production; that it was charged to cost of production; that the said expense was incurred under the head Sales which implicated sales income with other income. On examination of the balance sheet, profit & loss account and costing data, the adjudicating authority found that but for other income, assessee was required to increase the prices to recover the cost of manufacture. The adjudicating authority further found that this other income accrued to the assessee in the course of sale. The said authority found that the said other income formed part of the prices. That, the difference in the interest paid to the customers and the interest earned on the advances received from the customers constituted additional consideration which flowed back from the customer to the assessee. The adjudicating authority further found difference between the current assets and current liabilities in the final statements indicating utilization of advances to meet the working capital requirement. The adjudicating authority further found that the payment of interest to the customer was shown in the books as cost of production whereas the income received on deployment of funds (advances) has been shown as income from sales and other income. The adjudicating authority found understatement of assessable value on account of failure on the part of the assessee to take into account the additional consideration arising on account of difference in the rates of interest. 4. At the outset, we may point out that in this case the Annual Reports of the assessee show the opening and closing balance of the funds received under the caption Customers Advances. They show deployment of funds so received. The income accruing to the assessee was reflected in profit & loss accounts. For the year ending 31.3.1986 the outstanding balance under the above head was Rs. 33.40 crore out of which Rs. 28.90 crore was invested in various securities / deposits leaving a balance of Rs. 4.42 crore (see Schedule 4). The said schedule further indicates utilization of capital gains and interest income to reduce the liability under the said head. That, the said schedule 4 indicated not only liquidation of liabilities under the head customers advances by utilization of income on investments from such advances, they also indicated flowback of the benefits from the customers to the assessee. Moreover, the income from such investments was shown under the head Sales & Other Income. The said other income included interest on deposits, profit on sale of units and income from units (schedule 10). Even the Report of the Directors under the head Financial Reports show that the profits of the company have been based on implication of Sales with Other Incomes. For example, for the year 1985-86, Sales & Other Incomes were of Rs. 49.20 crores (rounded to O out of which Income from Sales was Rs. 45.02 crore (rounded to O) whereas Rs. 4.06 crore was on account of Other Income. Therefore, according to the adjudicating authority, the total income (Sales & Other Income) contributed to the profits which had a direct impact on pricing. According to the adjudicating authority, the said Other Income had contributed to the pricing. That, but for the said Other Income, it was not possible for the company to sell the motorcycles at a price lower than the unit cost of production. Lastly, the adjudicating authority found on facts that since interest paid at 9% to the customers was indicated as an expense, the income on the investments from the advances was includible in the assessable value. This aspect has also not been considered by the tribunal.

### Response:
1

### Explanation:
4. At the outset, we may point out that in this case the Annual Reports of the assessee show the opening and closing balance of the funds received under the caption Customers Advances. They show deployment of funds so received. The income accruing to the assessee was reflected in profit & loss accounts. For the year ending 31.3.1986 the outstanding balance under the above head was Rs. 33.40 crore out of which Rs. 28.90 crore was invested in various securities / deposits leaving a balance of Rs. 4.42 crore (see Schedule 4). The said schedule further indicates utilization of capital gains and interest income to reduce the liability under the said head. That, the said schedule 4 indicated not only liquidation of liabilities under the head customers advances by utilization of income on investments from such advances, they also indicated flowback of the benefits from the customers to the assessee. Moreover, the income from such investments was shown under the head Sales & Other Income. The said other income included interest on deposits, profit on sale of units and income from units (schedule 10). Even the Report of the Directors under the head Financial Reports show that the profits of the company have been based on implication of Sales with Other Incomes. For example, for the year 1985-86, Sales & Other Incomes were of Rs. 49.20 crores (rounded to O out of which Income from Sales was Rs. 45.02 crore (rounded to O) whereas Rs. 4.06 crore was on account of Other Income. Therefore, according to the adjudicating authority, the total income (Sales & Other Income) contributed to the profits which had a direct impact on pricing. According to the adjudicating authority, the said Other Income had contributed to the pricing. That, but for the said Other Income, it was not possible for the company to sell the motorcycles at a price lower than the unit cost of production. Lastly, the adjudicating authority found on facts that since interest paid at 9% to the customers was indicated as an expense, the income on the investments from the advances was includible in the assessable value. This aspect has also not been considered by the tribunal.
