iron phosphate lithium manganese phosphate lithium cobalt oxide silica manganese dioxide cadmium titanium dioxide and carbon the ion active materials can be the same or comprise different active materials further ion species in these ion active materials can be the same or they can be different when using a mixture of migratable ions it preferred that the lithium ions comprise the majority of the ions of the mixture mixtures of migratable ions when used can be of 2 different ions or can be three or more different ions in various proportions in addition the ion mixture can be varying valence or oxidation states of the same ion such as fe 2 or fe 3 when mixing ion active materials for attachment to the carbon nanotubes the mixture may be merely accidental such as that resulting from either natural states of the ion active material compounds or the mixture can be an intentional mixing of the different ion active materials including those in differing chemical or physical state in some cases comprising migratable ion mixture using lithium ion the lithium ion may comprise the minority ionic component of the mix although this is not usually the preferred configuration when more than one ion is used then the ratio of li ion to other total ions is preferably at least 2 1 or 3 1 or 10 1 and can be as high as 25 1 mole ratios the ion active material attached to the discrete carbon nanotubes can also be useful for applications such as fuel cells sensors capacitors photovoltaics and catalysts the following experimental examples are included to demonstrate particular aspects of the present disclosure it should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in.