of the embodiments that the active surfaces are of a spiralling configuration and which conform at least in greater part to the characteristics of the golden section or ratio the characteristics of the golden section are illustrated in fig1 which illustrates the unfolding of the spiral curve according to the golden section or ratio as the spiral unfolds the order of growth of the radius of the curve which is measured at equiangular radii eg e f g h i and j is constant this can be illustrated from the triangular representation of each radius between each sequence which corresponds to the formula of a b b a b which conforms to the ratio of 1 0 618 approximately and which is consistent through out the curve a characteristic of the embodiments is that not only do the x and y axis conform to golden section geometry but also the z axis or depth conforms that is the vanes conform to the golden section in three dimensions it is an objective of the embodiments to duplicate the lines of vorticity found in a ring vortex to that end the active surfaces expand or contract logarithmically in any direction in an equiangular golden section spiral if any two points are taken on the surface of these active surfaces they will bear a ratio to each other of approximately 1 0 618 the active surfaces.