or radiologic confirmation of completed organogenesis the engineered esophagus would be anastomosed to the native cervical esophagus and the stomach using standard thoracic surgery techniques post operative monitoring could be done with upper endoscopy in the case of tracheal reconstruction the engineered trachea would be left attached to its cervical blood supply and rotated posterior to the carina via a median sternotomy the cervical end of the engineered trachea would be connected to the larynx or cricoid cartilage the abdominal cavity is a large expandable and easily accessible by laparoscopy for placing a growth chamber the second major advantage is the presence of the omentum which could be used as the vascularized scaffold for the growth chamber placing the growth chamber in the peritoneal cavity could lead to adhesions bowel obstruction and growth chamber migration however for this reason the present inventors propose an extraperitoneal position for the growth chamber and laparoscopic placement of the omentum in the growth chamber as the vascular scaffold the present inventors hypothesize that this may be the best model for tissue engineering the following organs a autologous breast implant engineering b autologous long bone engineering c autologous cranial bone engineering and d autologous vascularized complete ear cartilage engineering the present inventors hypothesize that while omentum based vascularized growth chamber may be more difficult to develop than the subcutaneous growth chamber it has the most promise for many.