and gain imbalances generates a signal component proportional to the complex conjugate of the equivalent base band signal x this signal component is capable of altering the base band modulated signal y bb and then the rf modulated signal y to an extent such as to dull the performance of the whole telecommunication system this can be easily appreciated in case the equivalent base band signal x is a complex exponential signal oscillating at a frequency f t wherein u03b8 is the starting phase of the equivalent base band signal x indeed with such an equivalent base band signal x the presence of the phase and gain imbalances in the modulation process generates a base band modulated signal y bb that includes an unwanted signal component that oscillates at the frequency u2212 f t also referred to as u201c imagine u201d frequency of the frequency f t as can be observed in the following equation y bb u03b3 1 x u03b3 2 x u03b3 1 e j 2 u03c0f t 9 u03b3 2 e u2212 j 2 u03c0f t 9 u2245 1 j u03b5 u03c6 e j 2 u03c0f t 9 u03b5 j u03c6 e u2212 j 2 u03c0f t 9 from the above expression it can be appreciated that the higher the values of the phase error u03c6 and gain error u03b5 the higher the magnitude of the component oscillating at the imagine frequency u2212 f t that affects the base band modulated signal y bb and the higher the degradation of the transmission performance as illustrated in fig2.