advantage of various examples of the present invention the computer system 200 includes a processor 202 for performing various functions such as performing specific calculations or tasks in addition the computer system 200 includes one or more input devices 204 such as a keyboard or a mouse coupled to the processor 202 through a memory controller 206 and a processor bus 208 to allow an operator to interface with the computer system 200 typically the computer system 200 also includes one or more output devices 210 coupled to the processor 202 such output devices typically being a printer or a video terminal one or more data storage devices 212 are also typically coupled to the processor 202 through the memory controller 206 to store data or retrieve data from external storage media not shown examples of typical data storage devices 212 include hard and floppy disks tape cassettes and compact disk read only memories cd roms the computer system 200 also includes a dram device 220 that is coupled to the memory controller 206 through a control bus 222 an address bus 224 and a data bus 230 the memory controller 206 includes a write data output circuit 234 similar to the circuit shown in fig3 the write data output circuit 234 is operable to apply write data signals and at least one write signal to the data bus 230 at precisely controlled times similarly the dram device 220 also includes a read data output circuit 238 that is operable to apply read data signals and at least.