u03b2 phase with the remainder essentially a phase the condensate matrix away from the defects also has an u03b1 u03b2 microstructure but of very fine grains e g acicular u03b1 grains of 5 10 m in length and 2 5 u03bcm in thickness lengthwise oriented along the condensate growth deposition direction the trunk size will depend in substantial part upon the droplet size exemplary trunk diameters are from about 20 u03bcm to about 50 u03bcm however much larger trunks are possible the trunks have a columnar u03b1 u03b2 microstructure this microstructure may have a characteristic grain size several times greater than that in the matrix and the grains may be elongated in the direction of accumulation i e away from the substrate particularly in the case of very large diameter trunks e g in excess of 100 u03bcm in diameter there may be porosity around the trunk the grain discontinuity at the trunk matrix interface and the particular alignment of trunk grains may cause structural weaknesses affecting inter alia ductility fracture toughness fatigue resistance fretting fatigue resistance corrosion resistance wear resistance crack nucleation resistance and the like we have accordingly developed heat treatment regimes for healing workpieces having such defects fig2 shows a condensate 50 after healing in this view the substrate is not shown the condensate surface 52 is however shown a defect within the condensate had been caused by.