r a near a with reference to fig3 the positive direction in measuring angles is defined to be in the direction of helical angle in the liquid crystal layer namely the clockwise direction in this example the angular relationships between each of the two polarization vectors and each of the longitudinal axes are set as follows 1 an angle of p with respect to r p referred to as lt p r p in fig3 about 3 u00b0 to about 8 u00b0 inclusive 2 an angle of a with respect to r a lt a r a about 8 u00b0 inclusive 3 an angle of a with respect to p lt a p about 74 u00b0 to about 84 u00b0 inclusive the above condition is directed to a display which is visible using extraordinary rays for the liquid crystal molecules rays parallel to the axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the case of double refraction for ordinary rays rays parallel to the short axes of the liquid crystal molecules it is necessary to deviate the above angle conditions by 90 u00b0 or 90 u00b0 as shown in fig4 and 5 respectively specifically fig4 illustrates the positions of the above noted vectors with the positions of vectors a and p rotated 90 u00b0 degrees in this arrangement the angle a p is substantially 74 84 degrees the angle pr p is substantially 82 degrees to 87 degrees and angle ar a is substantially 93 degrees to.