passage of the liquid particulate slurry 14 which acts as a heat transfer medium to remove heat 20 from the heat generating component 13 fig1 achieving high heat flux for a heat transfer system without significantly increasing the temperature of the heat generating material requires low thermal resistance of the heat transfer system in general there are many possible methods for reducing a thermal resistance however the methods are constrained when the heat transfer system application is in a temperature critical environment in a confined space has possible limitations on weight and volume power consumption or combinations thereof the overall thermal resistance u03b8 given by equation 1 governs the maximum heat transfer rate of a heat exchanger when there is a constraint on the temperature difference between the heat transfer surface and the coolant fluid three mechanisms contribute to the thermal resistance u03b8cond i e conduction of heat through the walls of the heat exchanger u03b8conv i e convection from the walls of the heat exchanger to the coolant fluid and u03b8heat i e transient heating of the coolant fluid as it absorbs energy passing through the heat exchanger to achieve high heat transfer rates each thermal resistance needs to be minimized as known in the art u03b8cond is minimized by reducing the distance between the heat source and.