so that the paling protrudes normally from the rail fig1 shows how a series of flat intermediate palings 64 66 68 70 72 can be punched in a single operation from a single flat steel sheet 74 without material wastage as illustrated in fig1 the punching die also forms small cut lines 80 which extend along the longitudinal operatively vertical axes 60 of each intermediate paling 64 to 72 the intermediate palings 64 to 72 which result from the punching operation are subsequently folded about the axes 60 and the tabs 62 are outwardly splayed from the cut lines 80 to form the palings 58 of fig1 clearly the resultant palings have v shaped transverse cross sections with each leg of the v shape having an outwardly splayed tab 62 in each of the embodiments of fig1 to 10 the palings 58 are secured to the rail by spot welding or otherwise fixing the tabs 62 to the upper surface of the rail while this arrangement operates well in practice it may be preferable in some cases to provide a more secure form of attachment between the palings and the rail fig1 illustrates an alternative mode of secural of a paling to a rail the rail is.