ltd and distributed by servi petro both of calgary alberta was used to simplify creation of the model tetrad is a state of the art modelling package for simulating multi component thermal effects on reservoirs the simulation routines provided can handle many aspects of reservoir modelling some of which include vertical and horizontal wellbore dynamics multi phases multi components and thermal response of reservoirs electromagnetic heating is modelled with specific routines structured to model quasi steady state approximations of maxwell 39 s equations two dominant heat transfer mechanisms were modelled associated with the heating along the length of the horizontal well the first is the ohmic heating response of electrical resistance to the flow of current particularly in the electrolytic connate water present in the reservoir ohmic heating behaves according to power or heat generation being proportional to the square of the current flow times the resistance of the current 39 s path the connate water is heated which then acts to thermally conduct heat to the surrounding formation secondly the horizontal well liner acting as the ground return electrode similarly heats in response to ohmic losses and additionally to hysteresis losses heat losses from the formation are considered as ambient temperature reservoir oils displace the heated oils as they are produced from the well optimum current levels.