and or data for use by a computer system this includes but is not limited to magnetic and optical storage devices such as disk drives magnetic tape cds compact discs and dvds digital versatile discs or digital video discs and computer instruction signals embodied in a transmission medium with or without a carrier wave upon which the signals are modulated for example the transmission medium may include a communications network such as the internet 0031 fig1 a illustrates a clocking element 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention clocking element 100 includes two output terminals c t and c c note that c c is the complement of c t these output terminals are coupled to opposing ends of keeper circuit 108 which includes two cross coupled inverters 106 and 107 one set of inputs to clocking element 100 a t and a c pass through inverters 102 and 104 before being coupled to terminals c c and c t respectively note that a c is the complement of a t another set of inputs b t and b c pass through inverters 103 and 105 before being coupled to terminals c c and c t respectively note that b c is the complement of b t 0032 fig1 b illustrates a simplified symbolic representation of clocking element 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention note that each of the inputs a and b and the output c represents two wires that carry signals that are always complementary 0033 fig2 illustrates how clocking elements are coupled together into a ring 205 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention ring 205 comprises.