return d this is the basic principle governing the clean water production system the water from the center contains no heavy metals toxins and the water from the outer return can be recycled through the system to produce cleaner water colloids have been observed to precipitate out from the water collected from the outer edge of the chamber after rotation and left standing in a container therefore water from the outer edge also can be used after suitable filtration by gravity or other methods of filtering and decantation in the vertical system gravity pulls the heavy particles down towards the bottom of the centrifuge b as well as to the wall of the shroud the rotation in this system forms a meniscus that is dependent on the rate of rotation which is in turn related to the current as current increases rotation rate increases and therefore the height of the meniscus h increases according to the following formula where m is mass u03c9 angular velocity r is radius g is gravity z is height k is boltzmann 39 s constant and t is temperature in mining applications the vertical system can be used to separate elements according to their vertical positions along the external shroud this is a method of concentration and separation both systems are able to produce similar results for water purification as well as mining applications a.