modified accordingly to define a minimum acceptable cut width next for shorts the depth of the cut must be determined for full stack extras the cut should be slightly more than the stack height for w puddles the cut could be a proportion of the diameter of the w puddle for opens the thickness of the bridge would be based on the conductivity of the material used and the composition and line width of the defective runner as discussed above once the squares in the grid have been identified for removal of material and the repair thickness determined the material removal process can be implemented by using fib laser assisted microchemical machining or some form of micromaching using mems or nano technology further in the case of an open conductor the open conductor can be repaired using a laser assisted chemical deposition technique it should be noted that in the case of an open conductor the analysis of the best way to correct the defect may not be as complicated since the open occurs in a conductor and the direction of the conductor will define the direction and location of the repair the above embodiment has been described with particular reference to a coordinate system that is square and which thus utilizes squares as.