is first applied and before the motor turns two important differences are that there are no large changes in amplitude of the signal from the summing arrangement input to the integrating comparator 77 so its output does not need to change in magnitude by large amounts and that the cut out and cut in levels are essentially equal meaning there is no need for hysteresis on the following dc comparator 80 that allows the use of a relatively short integration time on the integrating capacitor and in turn allows significantly faster response times that faster response time is again assisted by the use of a comparator design 77 that charges the integrating capacitor in a direction dependent on and proportional to the differences in instantaneous input signal magnitude the provision of an arrangement to pre adjust the relative phase of the ac signals being compared minimizes the ripple signal on the integrating capacitor and allows a much shorter integration time again allowing for a faster system response as indicated if the ac signals being compared have a phase difference of 180 degrees then the output of the integrating comparator 77 exhibits maximum ripple at the mains frequency it will be immediately obvious that if that were the case a simple inversion of one signal would minimize that ripple therefore the u2018 worst case u2019 for phase difference between the input signals will be 90 degrees in practice the signals being compared have a phase difference less than 90 degrees but still sufficient to cause significant ripple on the comparator output when compared with its wanted dc level that must be detected and used to cause the switching of the start winding 64 in the case of a resistive start motor the sensed main winding current is preferably compared against a.