of titanium 330 part of which is coated with a catalyst layer 340 for the iodine redox reaction for example graphite powder bonded with a teflon u00ae binder the cell also includes a porous separator 345 situated between the two meshes 304 and 330 meshes 304 and 330 pass sealably through a cell perimeter seal 350 which can be of organic or inorganic types and enable current takeoff outside the cell the seal 350 can also include a resealable electrolyte fill tube not shown the cell is completed by introducing dye into the titania layer and filling with the redox electrolyte if necessary the titania layer can overcoat mesh 304 a slight modification of the above construction is shown in fig1 b titania layer 310 in mesh 304 is now uppermost and has an inert conductive underlayer 315 in intimate contact therewith in such a case titania layer 320 can bond directly to the glass if required underlayer 315 includes a material that is electro catalytically inert to the iodine redox reaction in the cell and can be fabricated from an inert conductive ceramic powder e g titanium nitride tin oxide or magneli oxide powder bonded by an inert polymer binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene teflon u00ae if required the titanium mesh itself can be coated with one of these materials to further reduce its activity fig1 c shows two cells in series indicating the facile interconnection means mesh 360 emerging from one cell is the negative terminal of a cell 370 and supports a titania layer 365 in the cell mesh 368 supports catalyst in cell 370 and sealably passes through a seal 369 where it supports a new titania layer 369 a in a second.