latency bednarik et al aids 6 3 16 1992 until recently it was believed that hiv was dormant or nonexpressing in all the reservoir population of chronically infected cells during the clinical asymptomatic period observations of the low to absent levels of viraemia and virus replication in peripheral blood cells led to the impression that hiv disease was not active during the clinical asymptomatic period a team of scientists however have discovered that a true state of microbiological latency does not exist during the course of hiv infection fauci as et al hiv infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent sate of disease nature 362 355 358 1993 the scientists reported a dichotomy between the levels of viral burden and virus replication in peripheral blood versus lymphoid organs during clinical latency based on these findings therefore the scientist have discovered that 34 peripheral blood does not accurately reflect the actual state of hiv disease particularly early in the clinical course of hiv infection in fact hiv disease is active and progressive even when there is little evidence of disease activity by readily measured viral parameters in the peripheral blood and the patient is experiencing clinical latency 34 inevitably the disease state of hiv progresses from the clinically latent asymptomatic period to the expressive and active symptomatic period through the use of several different models an understanding of the cellular pathways involved in hiv activation from laboratory latency has begun to unfold according to butera et al aids 6 994 1992 many of the cellular models of latency can be induced to express hiv 1 upon treatment with cytokines this indicates that in.