surfaces show almost an order of magnitude increase in htc compared to a bare al surface chf values described previously for zno nanostructured surfaces correspond to a boiling heat transfer coefficient as high as u02dc 23 000 w m 2 k representing an increase in chf values for nano textured surfaces of almost 4 times which is contrary to conventional boiling heat transfer theory significant increases in both chf and heat transfer coefficient in fig4 and fig6 respectively have important and far reaching ramifications on the use of zno nanostructured surfaces for cooling of high heat fluxes in advanced power electronics advanced high power radar and advanced laser systems zno nanostructured surfaces and other nanostructured surfaces of the invention are expected to have significant future impacts on flow boiling environments and configurations which may exhibit surface heat fluxes in the range of hundreds of w cm 2 such heat fluxes have important potential for enhancing electronic cooling in critical commercial and military instruments devices and systems pool boiling experiments utilizing the method and system of the present invention on u201c bare u201d and nanostructured surfaces have demonstrated that nanostructured surfaces including e g zno on al and zno on cu display superior heat transfer characteristics compared to bare al and cu substrates a 10 fold improvement in heat transfer coefficients is observed for nanostructured surfaces compared with bare al and cu substrates a 4 fold improvement in critical heat flux is also measured while preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications.