ab 14 u00b1 13 u ml mean u00b1 sd codelivery of gm csf with hbsag hbsag gm group increased anti hbsag titers by 2 fold 28 u00b1 10 u ml while hydrogel delivered hbsag gel hbsag group produced 6 fold more anti hbsag antibodies 84 u00b1 69 u ml compared to that in the hbsag group the most significant result was obtained by the vaccine provided by example 2 gel hbsag gm group which profoundly increased anti hbsag titer to 773 u00b1 227 u ml being 56 27 and 9 fold higher than those obtained in the hbsag p 0 0008 hbsag gm p 0 0009 and gel hbsag p 0 0008 groups the adjuvant activity of gm csf was lost when gel hbsag and gel gm were injected at two separate sites which produced a far less anti hbsag titer 45 u00b1 6 u ml compared with the gel hbsag gm group p 0 001 fig1 a highlighting the importance of local gm csf activity in promoting immune responses the the vaccine of the disclosure gel hbsag gm was also compared with a commercially recombinant hbsag vaccine h b vaxii which was formulated with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant as shown in fig2 mice immunized with gel hbsag gm vaccine produced much higher anti.