116 117 121 and 122 the bars and quarter pieces function as flux guides and are also formed of ferromagnetic material such as nickel thus when the first phase winding 124 is provided with current a magnetic flux path exists between the ends of the quarter pieces 129 and 131 and when a current is passed through the second phase winding 126 a magnetic flux path is formed between the ends of the quarter pieces 130 and 132 the free ends of the quarter pieces 129 132 are adapted to engage with the top of the widened portions of the four stator pole structures 102 and 103 so that for example a current passed through the first phase winding 124 will provide a flux path between the stator pole pieces 102 through the rotor whereas current passed through the coil 126 will provide a magnetic flux path between the stator pole pieces 103 through the rotor 100 by providing sinusoidally varying currents to the two coils 124 and 126 that are 90 u00b0 out of phase a resultant magnetic field is generated in the region of the rotor that rotates around the axis of the rotor it is noted that providing magnetic flux in this manner allows the rotor to be driven without an electrical connection to the substrate 98 on which the rotor is mounted the rotor may be one which is permanently magnetized along its way low reluctance axis this will increase the maximum torque which can be produced in such a case the rotor material should be preferably be magnetically.