compounds of formula iv with phosphorous oxy halide with heating the reaction of compounds of formula v with compounds of formula vi to give compounds of formula vii can be carried out in one or more nitrites for example acetonitrile ketones for example acetone alcohols for example ethanol ethers for example tetrahydrofuran amides for example dimethylformamide sulfoxides for example dimethylsulfoxide or hydrocarbons for example toluene the ester hydrolysis of compounds of formula vii to give compounds of formula viii can be carried out in one or more alcohols for example methanol ethanol or an alcohol and water mixture the ester hydrolysis of compounds of formula vii to give compounds of formula viii can be carried out in the presence of one or more inorganic bases for example potassium hydroxide sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide the reaction of compounds of formula viii with compounds of formula ix to give compounds of formula x can be carried out in the presence of one or more activating reagents for example 1 hydroxybenzotriazole acetone oxime or 2 hydroxypyridine and one or more coupling reagents for example 1 3 dimethylaminopropyl 3 ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride or 1 3 dicyclohexyl carbodiimide in one or more ethers for example tetrahydrofuran amides for example dimethylformamide or sulfoxides for example dimethylsulfoxide the reaction of compounds of formula viii with compounds of formula ix can be carried out in the.