and in more particular embodiments 1 to 4 carbon atoms examples of alkyl include methyl ethyl propyl isopropyl n butyl iso butyl sec butyl or tert butyl a particular alkyl is methyl the term u201c alkoxy u201d denotes a group of the formula u2014 o u2014 r u2032 wherein r u2032 is an alkyl group as defined herein examples of alkoxy moieties include methoxy ethoxy isopropoxy and tert butoxy the term u201c haloalkyl u201d denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group has been replaced by same or different halogen atoms particularly fluoro atoms examples of haloalkyl include monofluoro difluoro or trifluoro methyl ethyl or propyl for example 3 3 3 trifluoropropyl 2 fluoroethyl 2 2 2 trifluoroethyl fluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl the term u201c perhaloalkyl u201d denotes an alkyl group where all hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group have been replaced by the same or different halogen atoms the term u201c hydroxyalkyl u201d denotes an alkyl group wherein at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group examples of hydroxyalkyl include hydroxymethyl 2 hydroxyethyl 2 hydroxypropyl 3 hydroxypropyl 1 hydroxymethyl 2 methylpropyl 2 hydroxybutyl 3 hydroxybutyl 4 hydroxybutyl 2 3 dihydroxypropyl 2 hydroxy 1 hydroxymethylethyl 2 3 dihydroxybutyl 3 4 dihydroxybutyl and 2 hydroxymethyl 3 hydroxypropyl the term u201c heterocycloalkyl u201d denotes a monovalent saturated or partly.