much chloramine simply creates an economic penalty the analytical techniques and data disclosed in the following examples which are not intended to limit the invention will provide the guidance that one skilled in the art needs to optimize the concentrations for a given treatment situation in the following examples chlorine demand free water cdfw was prepared according to standard methods as described in 34 standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater 34 american public health association 16th ed 1985 from reverse osmosis demineralized 18 megohm cm water astm sea salts from lake products co were then dissolved in the cdfw to make a 35 000 mg l astm artificial seawater ph was adjusted to the desired ph by the addition of 1n hcl or 1n naoh as needed and the seawater was then filter sterilized using a 0 2 micrometer cellulose acetate membrane filter stock solutions of yeast extract 1 0 w v difco co detroit mich 0127 02 6 and humic acid 100 mg l aldrich chemical co sodium salt technical h1 675 2 were prepared and filter sterilized before use the bacterial challenge used was prepared by diluting a mixture of eleven bacteria isolated from a middle east ro facility in either trypticase u00ae soy broth bbl or marine 22i6 broth difco to about 5 u00d7 10 5 cfu ml seven of the bacteria were classified as marine bacteria since they grew on marine agar 2216 ma but.