of a set of equations the applicable notation is defined as follows n j l id for the sub frame in frame j from layer l u03b4f j l the number of bytes of data in frame j for layer l j s i l the lowest frame index of an active duration of layer l and is carried by packet i note that a single data packet may contain sub frames from multiple frames j e i l the highest frame index of an active duration of layer l and is carried by packet i u03b4d l i the number of bytes of payload of packet i that is allocated to layer l u03b4t i the interval between the departure time of packet i and i 1 u03b4t i the interval between the arriving time of packet i and i 1 u03b4n 1l base layer offset between layer 1 and l u0192 x a function that converts from accumulated packet departure time to accumulated packet arriving time b l j buffered playback time at the player for layer l after packet j arrives u03b4k l u2212 1 m remaining payload space bytes in packet m after layers 1 to l u2212 1 have been allocated r l t the failure rate of layer l for frames missing their playback deadline at time t t b amount of time spent by the playback device buffering packets before beginning playout h l d a function that calculates the corresponding playback time of a portion of packet payload of size d from layer l next a base layer offset between frames can be defined assume an ad of layer l starts with packet i thus that is the first frame index of layer l in packet i is the.