are disrupted a completely hydrated molecule contains immobilized water or associated tightly bound water water interactions can also be disrupted by hydrophobic materials strongly hydrophobic particles such as those of poly tetrafluoroethylene can also be effective in the present invention at the present time ir raman or nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry can distinguish these various states of water experimentally the interaction of water water and water other molecule shows that it is possible to alter the heat transfer characteristics of the water molecule weakening the water water interactions can lower the amount of energy needed to convert water from a liquid to a gas the surface of a small particle is optimal for producing interactions that change the amount of energy needed to evaporate water that is the energy needed to evaporate a water molecule can be reduced by the reducing the water water interaction the most effective materials for this purpose appear to be hydrophilic compounds such as natural polysaccharide macromolecules found in plant materials such as wood paper bamboo and rice straw as well as proteins and inorganic metal oxides such as silica silicon dioxide alumina aluminum oxide titania titanium dioxide magnesia magnesium oxide iron oxide other metal oxides clays etc the source of energy for the evaporative process is not critical energy can be supplied as normal convective or conductive heating or radiative heating by visible infrared or microwave radiation or simply by sunshine another method is a mechanical heating through friction e g by stirring free water exhibits strong water water interaction and much energy is needed.