class vi other regulatory entities e g national institute of standards and technology may also promulgate standards that may additionally or alternatively be applicable regarding biocompatibility panel 1012 preferably is generally transparent with respect to emitted and detected electromagnetic radiations 1002 b and 1004 b preferably adhesive 1014 bonds at least one of panel 1012 and electromagnetic energy sensor 1000 to the skin s adhesive 1014 preferably includes an acrylic adhesive a synthetic rubber adhesive or another biocompatible medical grade adhesive preferably adhesive 1014 minimally affects emitted and detected electromagnetic radiations 1002 b and 1004 b according to one embodiment as shown in fig2 b adhesive 1014 preferably is omitted where emitted and detected electromagnetic radiations 1002 b and 1004 b penetrate foundation 1010 e g underlying emitter and detector faces 1002 a and 1004 a fig3 shows an electromagnetic energy sensor 1100 according to the present disclosure that preferably includes a housing 1110 with an electromagnetic radiation absorber 1130 according to one embodiment housing 1110 preferably includes a first housing portion 1112 coupled with a second housing portion 1114 preferably electromagnetic radiation signal transmitter 1002 and electromagnetic radiation signal receiver 1004 extend through a space 1116 generally defined by housing 1110 housing 1110 preferably includes a biocompatible material e g polycarbonate.