finding that the pumping force is always greater provides the desired reserve factor the level of dip is another factor there are too many interacting variables to predict inward and outward flow with accuracy for an analysis simplified it may be said that both centrifugal pressure and pump exit pressure rely on peripheral velocity centrifugal head upon radius of origin pump velocity or head upon the impeller design exit flow condition since the friction plate groove areas remain constant inward and outward flow is proportional to those pressures as in all wet brakes or clutches excessive coolant flow to give complete surface cooling must be balanced against objectionable released operating condition drag loss numerous blade shapes may be utilized to best satisfy conditions of rotational speed and coolant reservoir conditions the curved impeller blades shown in chamber 1 a in fig2 turn the fluid around 180 u00b0 and in theory double the entrance velocity chamber 1 a receives coolant from the backward curved impeller vane 1 and discharges along friction plate core 5 outer diameter between vanes to abut a decelerating wall formed on the rear side of the leading adjacent vane and discharges inwardly thru the friction surface grooving side plates 2.