also substrate for hepatic lipase and if this enzyme is largely sequestered in liver due to the increase presence of bound u201c modified u201d particles a secondary effect would be reduced levels of circulating hepatic lipase therefore an altered hdl catabolism might develop possibly the phospholipid surface of these particles might not be subject to extensive lipolysis which could allow these hdl to be better substrates for lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase resulting in accumulation of core cholesteryl esters the sr gene can be introduced into cells by any of the many methods known for introducing dna into cells either transiently or stably u201c gene therapeutics u201d methods and applications of direct gene transfer wolff j a ed birkh u00e4user boston 1994 kozarsky k f mckinley d r austin l l raper s e stratford perricaudet l d wilson j m j biol chem 269 13695 13702 1994 henry j and gerard r d proc natl acad sci usa 90 2812 2816 1993 archer j s hennan w s gould m n bremel r d proc natl acad sci usa 91 6840 6844 1994 wolff j a malone r w williams p chang w acsadi g jani a felgner p l science 247 1465 1468 1990 wolff j a williams p ascadi g jiao s chong w biotechniques 11 474 485 1991 barr e and leiden j m tcm 4 57 62 1994 kozarsky k grossman m wilson j m somatic cell and molecular genetics 19.