cnts are contained inside the well structure it is possible to make the well structures very accurate using printing or dispensing techniques or using sand or bead blasting processes if the well structures are made accurately then using the process just described will result in uniform cnt deposition for each pixel the well structures also effectively avoid edge emission issues that may also lead to non uniform performance the shape of the wells can define the shape and effective emitting area of a cnt cathode for an individual pixel or sub pixel to fill the wells uniformly preparing a uniform cnt ink or cnt paste and controlling the volume of the ink or paste in the well are important factors due to hydrophilic or hydrophobia properties of the cnt ink or paste and the surface of the substrate or well structure the cnts can be conformed to the wells in different shapes as shown in fig4 a and 4 b fig5 illustrates a vacuum sealed cnt field emission display configurated with well formation processes as described herein the sidewall spacer wall spacer and the internal spacers hold the gap between the anode plate phosphor screen and the cathode plate after the vacuum sealed display is evacuated different cnt based inks with good field emission properties have been developed according to a process es of the present invention a dispenser an inkjet printer a screen printer and the like and combinations thereof can be used to fill the wells with a relatively accurate volume of cnt ink it is important to note that after the cnt ink is deposited to form a cathode structure no further post deposition processes are performed such as.