
{"publication_number": "US-6608591-B2", "abstract": "an improved antenna arrangement for base stations in communication networks is disclosed . the arrangement has panel apertures generating a multi - beam pattern while producing acceptable side - lobe levels . a typical arrangement includes a plurality of radiator elements arranged in three separate vertical columns along the antenna panels thereby forming the radiation aperture . a number of such panels may form a base station antenna , where each aperture produces two beams . each group of three columns may be further divided into sub - panels for providing different elevation patterns . feeding signals for the two lobes from each group of columns are connected to an elevation beam - forming network and to an azimuth beam - forming network having three output terminals forming antenna ports . the beam - forming network generally creates a 90 \u00b0 phase - gradient between the signals appearing at the antenna ports . the angle may also be arbitrary . the three separate columns are typically vertically polarized . the aperture - coupled radiator elements may include patch antenna elements , which are separately fed by a strip - line network .", "application_number": "US-99313601-A", "description": "a multi - lobe antenna can be implemented as a phased array antenna . at least two elements are needed for achieving any kind of phase steering of the beam ( s ). the principle of a phased array is shown in fig5 . the amplitude of an n element phased array is given by e _ \ue8a0 ( \u03b8 ) = e _ 0 \ue8a0 ( \u03b8 ) \u00b7 \u2211 n = 1 n \ue89e \uf74d j \ue89e \ue89e n \ue8a0 ( \u03b2 + kd \u00b7 cos \ue89e \ue89e \u03b8 ) ( eq1 ) where { overscore ( e )