be captured from steam forming and used as a reactant in urea synthesis however many smaller ammonia plants and plants that operate independently of urea production simply vent these fumes to the atmosphere and even plants that recycle carbon dioxide emissions in the synthesis process where the gas is not as easily captured the intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc notes that the only plants that do not release carbon dioxide during the synthesis process are those that use a pure hydrogen feedstock rather than natural gas which makes up a very marginal percentage of plants various configurations depicting the above features and benefits as disclosed herein are shown and described further below mitigation of the environmental effects of ammonia and urea synthesis are depicted in an example apparatus shown and disclosed below alternate approaches to embody the disclosed principles conventional approaches for ammonia and urea synthesis employ the well known haber process this conventional approach uses methane gas ch 4 and water 2h 2 o as the sources of hydrogen giving off co 2 4h 2 however methane can be expensive and limiting to the process it also produces one mole of co 2 as a result of the production of one mole of ammonia nh 3 configurations herein employ only water h 2 o for the ammonia synthesis this process will invoke the wgs reaction as the hydrogen producing step this process will require the use.