electro optic effect carrier depletion or quantum confined stark effect as n eff t n eff r eff v t where r eff u2202 n eff u2202 v is the index modulation efficiency the bragg frequency and therefore detuning u03b4f also becomes modulated in time as u03b4f t u2212 f b r eff v t n eff u03b4fv t 2v u03c0 where the half wave voltage is v u03c0 u03b4f n eff 2 f b r eff 3 the expression for the output power of the quadrature biased gami intensity modulator is then which at u03bal u2192 u221e becomes p out t u00bdp in 1 v v u03c0 i e perfectly linearized let us now perform a simple analysis of the performance of the linearized intensity gami fig6 shows the output characteristics of a simple mzi modulator 19 and the gami modulator 20 with u03bal 3 clearly the gami modulator characteristic is more linear for analog links the most important characteristic is the spur free dynamic range sfdr equal to the ratio in db of the output signal level and third order intermodulation distortion imd level 22 in fig7 the signal level 21 and imd curves for the standard mzi modulator 22 and gami modulator 23 are shown the imd level for the gami modulator is lower and the sfdr increases by about 15 db in addition to being used as intensity modulator the gami modulator can also be used as an amplitude of optical field modulator for use in coherent photonic links as shown in fig8 the amplitude modulator differs from the intensity modulator of fig3 in two important aspects firstly the round trip phase shift between.