nucleophilic counter ion r 101a r 101b and r 101c may be the same or different and are illustrated below exemplary alkyl groups include methyl ethyl propyl isopropyl n butyl sec butyl tert butyl pentyl hexyl heptyl octyl cyclopentyl cyclohexyl cycloheptyl cyclopropylmethyl 4 methylcyclohexyl cyclohexylmethyl norbornyl and adamantyl exemplary alkenyl groups include vinyl allyl propenyl butenyl hexenyl and cyclohexenyl exemplary oxoalkyl groups include 2 oxocyclopentyl and 2 oxocyclohexyl as well as 2 oxopropyl 2 cyclopentyl 2 oxoethyl 2 cyclohexyl 2 oxoethyl and 2 4 methylcyclohexyl 2 oxoethyl exemplary aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl alkoxyphenyl groups such as p methoxyphenyl m methoxyphenyl o methoxyphenyl ethoxyphenyl p tert butoxyphenyl and m tert butoxyphenyl alkylphenyl groups such as 2 methylphenyl 3 methylphenyl 4 methylphenyl ethylphenyl 4 tert butylphenyl 4 butylphenyl and dimethylphenyl alkylnaphthyl groups such as methylnaphthyl and ethylnaphthyl alkoxynaphthyl groups such as methoxynaphthyl and ethoxynaphthyl dialkylnaphthyl groups such as dimethylnaphthyl and diethylnaphthyl and dialkoxynaphthyl groups such as dimethoxynaphthyl and diethoxynaphthyl exemplary aralkyl groups include benzyl phenylethyl and phenethyl exemplary aryloxoalkyl groups are 2 aryl 2 oxoethyl groups such as 2 phenyl 2 oxoethyl 2 1 naphthyl 2 oxoethyl and 2 2 naphthyl 2 oxoethyl examples of the non nucleophilic counter ion represented by k u2212 include halide ions such as chloride and bromide ions fluoroalkylsulfonate ions such as triflate 1 1 1 trifluoroethanesulfonate and nonafluorobutanesulfonate arylsulfonate ions such as tosylate benzenesulfonate 4 fluorobenzenesulfonate and 1 2 3 4 5 pentafluorobenzene sulfonate and alkylsulfonate ions such as mesylate and butanesulfonate herein r 102a and r 102b independently.