the anode and the upper electrode 9 as the cathode however the polarity of the electrodes may also be arranged in reverse fig1 shows a layer structure with two active organic layers a hole transporter 11 and the actual photoconductive layer 12 in addition to the layers shown here it is still necessary for the module to be protected by encapsulation the photoconductive organic layer 12 may be the so called bulk heterojunction for example implemented as a blend of a hole transported polythiophene and an electron transported fullerene derivative displaced by the corresponding nanoparticles such as u2014 for example u2014 nanocrystals from lead sulfide and or lead selenide the nanoparticles are present in this organically based photoactive layer for example by being dissolved or also for example by being dispersed colloidally the anode 8 for example is formed from indium tin oxide ito gold palladium silver or platinum or platinum and is manufactured by a sputtering or vapor deposition process the resulting active organic layers are likewise separated over a large area for example by spin coating spray coating doctor blading dip coating screen printing flexographic printing slit coating ink jet printing etc these processes permit a large area to be coated mainly since no structuring of the semiconductor is required inside the active sensor area the cathode 9 may for example be formed from ca al ag ito lif mg or various combinations of these materials and is typically applied by.