0 0 2 t sw state 1b 0 0 0 0 1 0 x 1 0 0 2 t sw state 1c 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 t sw state 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 t sw where x indicates that the switch can either be open or closed the multi state approach presented above for the m 5 circuit of fig1 may be extended directly to other odd values of m generally in state 1a capacitor c 1 is in parallel with capacitor c m 1 and when m u2267 5 in parallel with series connections of c 2 and c 3 through c m 3 and c m 2 state 1b has the parallel connection of the series of c 2 and c 3 through c m 3 and c m 2 and state 2 has the parallel connection of the series c 1 and c 2 through c m 2 and c m 1 a closed form of the state duration times for general odd m can then be expressed as a similar approach can be applied to situations where m is even referring to fig5 a 6 1 m 6 cascade multiplier type charge pump 110 is shown that includes.