such a device is that illustrated in fig4 which shows an ion stream flow inducer wherein a high voltage electrode 5 breaks up pairs of charge carriers within the liquid thus neutralizing those of opposite polarity at the electrode and leaving a large population of monionized like polarity charge carriers which stream away from the high voltage electrode by coulombic force thus moving the liquid in the direction of the counter electrode 6 by means of viscous drag this pumping means requires that an electrode 5 is able to effectively inject like polarity charge carriers into the liquid close to the electrode 5 this may be effectively done by using a sharp edged conducting or semiconducting surface held at a sufficiently high potential to disrupt lightly bonded charge carriers or to ionize the liquid normally it is only possible to establish a strong enough field for both creating unipolar charge carriers and pumping the liquid when the liquid is of sufficient resistivity typically a resistivity of say 10 exp 8 ohm meters will pump at several millilitre per minute with a head of up to one meter at a voltage of 10 to 20 kilovolts and a direct current of only a few microamperes more conductive liquids will draw more current and will establish a weaker electric field thus highly conducting liquids such as say tap water may not readily establish a practicable drag pressure two or more liquids may be mixed after emerging from the nozzle by maximizing turbulent motion which can be induced within the cusp 2 which forms the base of each liquid jet 3 fig5 shows a nozzle formed.