to minimize thermal shock to the substrate 56 the sample was then analyzed by sem as seen in fig8 in example 2 a bilayer of pt and pt carbon for use in pem fuel cells was deposited by rsdt first 0 75 g of pt acetylacetonate was dissolved in 197 6 g of toluene in a container 10 next 39 5 g of propane was added and the container was thoroughly mixed the solution 12 was heated to 350 c the substrate 56 fig4 in this example was a nafion u00ae membrane in this example a set of air knives 72 was used to cool the flame 54 so that the substrate 56 was maintained below 140 c the reaction plume consisted initially only of streams 54 and 72 for the initial deposition of the pt sublayer 90 onto the nafion u00ae membrane 56 the flow rate of the pt feedstock was set to 4 ml min the frequency of the induction heater was set to 271 khz and the nozzle temperature 35 was set to 200 c the oxidant 46 and fuel gas 50 for the burner assembly were oxygen and methane respectively the shaping gas 40 was set to a flow rate of 1 95 l min and heated to a temperature of 350 c the methane 50 and oxygen 46 in the burner assembly were ignited by a spark a substrate 56 of nafion u00ae was placed onto a holder 58 a spark ignited the spray 36 while the feedstock 12 was flowing in the tube 24 and the burner assembly 55 maintained the flame the flame 54 was maintained at a distance of 13 cm from the substrate.