are brought out through the skin and coupled to an external control unit typically but not necessarily techniques described in pct patent publication wo 01 85094 to shalev and gross entitled u201c method and apparatus for stimulating the sphenopalatine ganglion to modify properties of the bbb and cerebral blood flow u201d or the us national phase application thereof u s patent application ser no 10 258 714 filed oct 25 2002 both of which are assigned to the assignee of the present patent application and incorporated herein by reference are adapted for use with the techniques of these embodiments of the present invention in particular electrodes implanted adjacent to the spg using the relatively minimally invasive surgical techniques and associated surgical tools of the present invention are driven by a stimulator e g control unit using control and driving circuitry and treatment protocols described therein to control the blood brain barrier and or treat neurological symptoms or disease in an embodiment of the present invention a combined trans maxillary sinus and trans nasal endoscopic assisted approach to the spg is used in order to implant at least one electrode in a region of the spg typically to start the procedure the patient is given a local and topical anesthesia in the intraoral vestibulum at the area of the canine fossa and a topical intranasal anesthesia at the region of the lateral nasal wall of the operated side the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus is typically dissected and the anterior part of the sphenopalatine fossa is dissected via a trans maxillary approach typically the dissection is performed approximately 0 5 mm from the medial wall of the maxillary sinus under direct endoscopic visualization typically a complete nasal endoscopic examination is performed on both sides and then under.