material furthermore the workpiece 10 may have a microstructure that is essentially free of nano crystals and may even have a single crystal microstructure while a turning operation is represented other machining operations are also within the scope of the invention including others where relative movement between a workpiece and cutting tool is primarily through movement of the workpiece against a relatively stationary cutting tool as well as linear machining operations in which relative movement between the workpiece and cutting tool is primarily through movement of the cutting tool against a relatively stationary workpiece or vice versa as the tool assembly 12 is plunged into the workpiece 10 at a given feed rate t m rev and the workpiece 10 rotates with a given surface velocity v m s material is cut and extruded from the workpiece 10 producing a long continuous extrusion 26 of width w and thickness t c the rate of production i e the length of plate produced per unit time is the chip velocity v c v c v t t c the cutting tool assembly 12 is represented as including two members 14 and 16 though schematically depicted as being completely separate from each other the members 14 and 16 are preferably physically coupled or attached to each other to enable their positions relative to each other to be accurately maintained during use of.