be effective at this stage are methanol ethanol and propanol the ammonium hydroxide is advantageous as a base because in the drying step it can be evaporated away possible substrates are copper or nickel foils but quartz mica or other suitable materials may also be used it has further been discovered that the graphenol or graphene particles can be dispersed and exfoliated into polymer systems and produce nanocomposites that exhibit improvements in physical properties never seen in clay or carbon nanotube polymer composites the process of making these composites can be done in several different ways the first method is to dissolve the polymer in a suitable solvent followed by dispersion of the graphenol or graphene with subsequent casting of films by removal of solvent the second method is mainly applicable to the water dispersions of graphenol in this method the graphenol dispersion is mixed with a polymer latex and then films are cast by letting the solvent evaporate the third method involves the melt compounding of graphenol or graphene particles directly into the polymer melt in a high shear extruder a fourth method is to incorporate the graphenol or graphene into the monomer system prior to polymerization and then to polymerize the polymer in the presence of the graphenol or graphene finally the fifth method is to disperse the graphenol or graphene into one component of a thermoset resin such as an epoxy or urethane four grams of agro lig a ground leonardite sample obtained from american colloid company was dissolved in 400 mls of 0 01 molar ammonium hydroxide the solution was then filtered through a gelman filter with pore size of 0 2 microns the solution was charged into a 2 liter parr pressure reactor along with 3 grams of cu 1950p that had previously been.