the range of 37 u00b0 c to 40 u00b0 c in the range of 41 u00b0 c to 44 u00b0 c cell damage is reversible for exposure times less than several hours in the range of 45 u00b0 c to 49 c cell damage becomes irreversible at increasingly short intervals the following table states expected effects at higher temperatures this table is not intended as a statement of scientifically precise ranges above and below which no similar effects will be found and instead is intended as a statement of generally accepted values which provide approximations of the ranges of the stated effects limitation of the appended claims in accordance with this and the further details of this description is intended to the extent such details are incorporated in the claims and not otherwise as a consequence of the foregoing effects preferred u201c soft u201d coagulation occurs at temperatures slightly above 70 u00b0 c heat denatures and shrinks tissues and blood vessels thereby leading as desired to control of bleeding cells are generally not ruptured u201c soft u201d coagulation is generally assured with voltages below 200 peak volts sparks are avoided u201c forced u201d coagulation can be accomplished with bursts of electrical energy electric arcs are generated deeper coagulation is achieved at the cost of some carbonization and an occasional cutting effect spray coagulation is also possible tissue cutting occurs by desiccation when the concentration of electrical enemy also referred to here as energy density is acute and the temperature of tissue is raised above 100 u00b0 c for both coagulation and cutting by electrical energy a sine wave waveform is employed with a frequency of.