recess 14 fig5 each section 10 a 10 b has an outer longitudinal edge portion 11 an inner longitudinal edge portion 13 shown as integral edges in fig3 and a top surface 15 u201c outer u201d and u201c inner u201d for the edges 11 13 respectively refer to their positions when the book 1 is in a closed position as for example shown by fig1 the expression u201c top u201d for the surface 15 relates to the position of the surface 15 as shown by fig3 and merely functions as a label for the element through doubled over center section 10 a plurality of openings 16 fig4 are located page connecting elements 20 pass through the plurality of openings 16 openings 16 may be pairs of aligned holes through the two parts 10 a 10 b fig2 of doubled over center section 10 typically the piping element 25 also has holes 16 a aligned respectively with the holes 16 pages 22 are attached to book 1 through page connecting elements 20 thus the piping element 25 and sections 10 a 10 b reinforce each other to hold connection elements 20 the piping element 25 has a u201c t u201d shape and comprises a stem 25 a and a transverse head 25 b in use the stem 25 a of the piping element 25 is located within recess 14 typically the stem 25 a has sufficient length and has holes 16 a long for the page connecting elements 20 pass through it also typically stitching 37 passes through sections 10 a 10 b and through the stem 25 a thus the stitching forms holes 16 b fig4 in the stem 25 a 0025 fig5 shows typical dimensions of piping element 25.