variety of shapes and configurations are possible fig6 a and 6b are illustrations of exemplary shapes for ground plane extensions 601 and 602 for instance ground plane extension 601 is similar to extension 105 fig1 but its inside surface is curved to reduce coupling and amount of material extension 602 is u201c 7 u201d shaped and further reduces coupling and materials fig7 a d are illustrations of exemplary shapes for antenna elements 701 704 as shown the widths and lengths of the portions of elements 701 704 can vary greatly generally as the length of a portion increases so does its resonant length further as the width increases so does capacitive loading in general capacitive loading usually affects the electric field distribution of the antenna making the antenna 39 s electrical length longer for the overall physical dimensions thereby lowering the resonant frequency s of the antenna still further three dimensional geometries can be adopted in some embodiments for instance while the previous examples have shown planar geometries for the antenna element and ground plane extension it is possible to include bends in one or both to for example conform to volume constraints fig8 is an illustration of exemplary three dimensional geometry wherein portions of both antenna element 801 and ground plane extension 802 are bent so that one or more portions are not coplanar with the substrate fig9 is an illustration of a raised geometry wherein both ground plane extension 901 and antenna element 902 are raised above the substrate in addition to the geometries mentioned above other characteristics.