u201c controller u201d is a device that is capable of controlling a spatial light modulator a detector or other elements of the apparatus and methods herein a u201c controller u201d contains or is linked to computer implemented programming typically a controller comprises one or more computers or other devices comprising a central processing unit cpu and directs other devices to perform certain functions or actions such as the on off pattern of the pixels in the pixelated slm the on off status of pixels of a pixelated light detector such as a charge coupled device ccd or charge injection device cid and or compile data obtained from the detector including using such data to make or reconstruct images or as feedback to control an upstream spatial light modulator a computer comprises an electronic device that can store coded data and can be set or programmed to perform mathematical or logical operations at high speed controllers are well known and selection of a desirable controller for a particular aspect of the present apparatus and methods is readily achievable in view of the present disclosure a u201c spatial light modulator u201d slm is a device that is configured to selectively modulate light the present invention comprises one or more spatial light modulators disposed in.