of creams jellies gels pastes and ointments in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice the therapeutic compounds may also be administered to a mammal other than a human the dosage to be administered to a mammal will depend on the animal species and the disease or disorder being treated the therapeutic compounds may be administered to animals in the form of a capsule bolus tablet or liquid drench the therapeutic compounds may also be administered to animals by injection or as an implant such formulations are prepared in a conventional manner in accordance with standard veterinary practice as an alternative the therapeutic compounds may be administered with the animal feedstuff and for this purpose a concentrated feed additive or premix may be prepared for mixing with the normal animal feed the ability of the compounds of formula i or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to inhibit pde 4 may be determined by the following assay compounds are dissolved in dmso at a concentration of 1 u00d7 10 u2212 2 m or to a desired higher concentration if solubility is an issue then diluted 1 25 in water 4 u00d7 10 4 m compound 4 dmso further serial dilutions are made in 4 dmso to achieve desired concentrations final dmso concentration in assay is 1 in duplicate the following are added in order.