carbons c 8 9 carbons c 9 10 carbons c 10 15 carbons c 15 or 20 or more carbons c 20 when the term u201c substituted u201d appears prior to a list of possible substituted groups it is intended that the term apply to every member of that group for example the phrase u201c substituted alkyl and aryl u201d or u201c substituted alkyl or aryl u201d is to be interpreted as u201c substituted alkyl and substituted aryl u201d or u201c substituted alkyl or substituted aryl u201d the term u201c chiral u201d refers to a structure that does not have an improper rotation axis s n i e it belongs to point group c n or d n such molecules are thus chiral with respect to an axis plane or center of asymmetry preferred u201c chiral u201d molecules herein are in enantiomerically pure form such that a particular chiral molecule represents at least about 95 wt 95 ee of the composition in which it is contained more preferably at least about 99 wt 99 ee of that composition more preferably about 99 wt 99 ee of that composition the term u201c enantioselective u201d refers to a chemical reaction that preferentially results in one enantiomer relative to.