described in u s pat no 5 567 286 u s pat no 8 658 007 and u s patent publication no 2013 0026032 each herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for example u s pat no 5 567 286 describes adding oxygen to or removing it from a liquid metal adding oxygen to remove carbon from steel and removing oxygen from copper to produce oxygen free high conductivity copper liquid metal anodes and electrochemical devices that are also useful are described for example in u s patent publication no 2013 0143139 herein incorporated by reference in its entirety it will also be recognized that various components in some embodiments are optional such as for example a cathode a current collector and or a power supply thus in some embodiments the apparatus and or method comprises the anode and displacing material in another embodiment an air side cathode for a solid oxide fuel cell sofc is provided comprising a material for displacing liquid metal in some embodiments the air side cathode comprises liquid silver and a current collector such as in for example u s patent publication no 2013 0192998 herein incorporated by reference in its entirety in an exemplary embodiment the cathode comprises an oxygen transport.