to be repeated at multiple frequencies additionally s parameter blocks may be slower in circuit simulations for the same reason however they are much more accurate over a wide range of frequencies if solutions over a range of frequencies are desired for constructing s parameter blocks the l f ue89e 1 r f ue89e ue89e l f term may be saved and reused at each frequency to reduce the matrix multiplications from 2 to 1 per additional frequency step further an overall increase in speed by a factor of 48 5 may be achieved by evaluating the l f ue89e 1 r f ue89e ue89e l f it is understood that although embodiments of the invention herein are described in the context of planar inductors of which octagonal and square types are shown embodiments of the invention are also suitable for use on transformers and other types of inductors and inductive elements e g resistors baluns ununs spiral inductors symmetric inductors on chip interconnects etc realized in different technologies such as but not limited to planar and or three dimensional on chip on a printed circuit board or otherwise embodiments of the present invention are also suitable for modeling antennas and or antenna elements such as planar structures e g on chip or printed circuit board distributed structures.