tread compounds the present invention may utilize any weight percent of the phenol vinyl aromatic monomer and terpene and or unsaturated aliphatic cycloaliphatic and bicyloaliphatic hydrocarbon in the making of resin including anywhere from 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 weight percent of any of the components provided that the components together add to 100 weight percent based on the weight of the phenol vinyl aromatic monomer terpene and or unsaturated aliphatic cycloaliphatic and bicyloaliphatic hydrocarbon the particular weight percent of each component will depend upon the desired end use of the resin certainly any suitable substitutes for the phenol vinyl aromatic monomer terpene and unsaturated aliphatic cycloaliphatic and bicyloaliphatic hydrocarbon may be utilized as non limiting examples alternative monomers include styrene and its derivatives any terpene monomer non limiting examples of which include 3 carene u03b1 pinene u03b2 pinene d limonene and dipentene and phenol may be substituted by alkylated phenol in order to study the influence of the 3 different monomers on the viscoelastic properties of a silica tread compound an experimental design was established for the synthesis of resins based on following selected monomers further refinement resulted in a 4 factor design with the following factors level u2212 1 level 1 factor 1 terpene type u03b4 3 carene u03b1 pinene factor 2 aromatic vinyl type styrene ams factor 3 ratio aromatic terpene low high factor 4 ratio olefinic monomer phenol 16 22 because these new resins are based on 3 different classes of monomers they are called ternary reins the experimental array is extended by adding resins compositions based on other terpene monomers e g resin.