treatment while higher frequencies tend to produce smaller bubbles that distribute power more evenly throughout the fluid treatment chamber slight shifts in the resonant frequency of a transducer are preferred to enhance fluid treatment and the repetition rate of a pulsed electrical signal may be programmed to automatically vary on a constant basis for example a transducer designed to operate at 20 khz may be driven by an electrical energizing unit sweeping 19 khz 21 khz to transform electrical energy into a signal suitable for generating fluid cavitation however an electrical energizing unit may be programmed to produce pulsed electrical signals sweeping an even broader range of frequencies the physical properties of high density low viscosity middle range surface tension and middle range vapor pressure are ideal conditions for cavitation with surface tension being a significant factor in determining the intensity of bubble cavitation in certain applications diffused ambient air or other forms of small bubbles may be introduced immediately upstream of the fluid treatment chamber to assist in initiating the cavitation process electrolysis of a feedstock may also be utilized to generate small bubbles in a feed stream by energizing at least one pair of electrodes with electrical energy each electrode may comprise at least one plate comprising an electrical conducting material and having at least one conductor lead with each pair of electrodes configured as a substantially parallel array of spaced apart plates interleaving to form at least one cavity between the facing surfaces of adjacent plates each electrode plate may be energized with an electrical charge opposite from its adjacent plate the conductivity of a feedstock typically influences.