the fabric wire with 3 drainage thence with an artificial means such as air at negative pressure we try to drain as much water as possible in the shortest time and very quickly we reach the limit of the drainage over the fabric wire at a dryness of about 18 20 using the fabric wire process and to go farther we must change from the fabric wire process to a felt process to obtain a web which is transmitted to the press area where the web is twice pressed hard over the felt by pressing between two cylinders which by capillary action removes the last free water the felt is discharged and carries away the last few drops of water the expensive pressure treatment having increased the drainage to about 38 50 the internal meniscus and the external meniscus surfaces are now joined together around the fibers and no mechanical force can take off the remaining water the only method available to remove the water is to employ the expensive thermal energy to dry the web in the paper machine dryer section there are eternal problems about time cost and the quality of the finished paper and these problems have not been resolved in the dryer section large heater cylinders are used as rotating rolls transporting the web wound around them and running from one to another with a path 6 or 7 times longer than that over the wire the dryers are heated by steam.