rms to dc converter are shown in fig7 14 19 21 and 28 however the concepts presented in this invention disclosure are thought to be independent of the precise electronic implementation accordingly based upon the foregoing discussion a u03c3 u03b4 difference of squares rms to digital converter provides numerous advantages including 1 a u03c3 u03b4 difference of squares rms to digital converter employing internal multi bit quantization implemented with a multiplier fig7 or with matched squaring circuits fig8 2 a u03c3 u03b4 difference of squares rms to digital converter with an n th order loop filter employing single bit quantization and filtering in the feedback path as described in fig1 14 and 19 including the addition of a loop filter zero for frequency compensation 3 a chopper stabilized u03c3 u03b4 difference of squares rms to digital converter with extended dynamic range according to 1 and 2 employing commutators around the multiplier and in the feedback path as described in fig2 4 a u03c3 u03b4 difference of squares rms to digital converter according to 1 2 and 3 built around a loop filter with more than 1 integrator stabilized by feedforward and or feedback paths as exemplified in fig2 5 a chopper stabilized bandpass u03c3 u03b4 difference of squares rms to digital converter according to 1 and 2 and described in fig2 and 28 6 a u03c3 u03b4 difference of squares rms to digital converter according to fig7 8 14 19 21 23 or 28 in which the feedback dac reference voltage v ref is dynamically adjustable preferably but not necessarily as a function of.