tube and the end cone surface one advantage of the interface design is the flexibility to accommodate a wider range of design variations with one set of end cone tooling for example without modifying the end cone design tubes with different diameters can be used in accordance with an exemplary embodiment and if a modification in the snorkel opening is required the tooling to form the end cone can be shared only different trim die details would be required to form the variations of the snorkel opening diameter in addition and in an exemplary embodiment the snorkel opening can be trimmed into the end cone at a modified angle this concept allows for the possibility to share the end cone forming tooling for different snorkel angle variations accordingly a wide range of snorkel angles can be accomplished by varying the location of the snorkel piercing operation this will allow a wide range of entry and exit angles for the catalytic converter design with the same fabrication tooling referring now to fig1 a cross sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an inlet or outlet end 106 of a conduit or pipe 119 is illustrated conduit 119 is generally cylindrical and flares radially outward at end 106 to form a large annulus at a generally spherical flare 148 that is configured to be connected with the exterior surface of a component having a generally spherical geometry in fig1 a partial cross section of generally spherical component depicted as broken line 158 is shown placed against end 106 of conduit 119 a circumferential.