refers to a straight chain or branched group having 1 30 carbon atoms with at least one carbon carbon double bond and which may be unsubstituted or substituted by fluoro chloro alkoxy alkanoyl cyano alkoxycarbonyl or cycloalkyl the term 34 cycloalkenyl 34 refers to a cyclic alkenyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms the term 34 alkoxy 34 refers to a substituent containing an alkyl group attached to and bonded through an oxygen atom the term 34 halo 34 refers to a substituent derived from fluorine chlorine bromine or iodine the term 34 aryl 34 refers to a substituent derived from any cyclic aromatic compound having 5 20 carbon atoms the term 34 aralkyl 34 refers to an alkyl substituent substituted by an aryl group the term 34 ph 34 refers to a phenyl substituent the term 34 dppe 34 refers to 1 2 bis diphenylphosphino ethane the term 34 triflate 34 refers to the trifluoromethanesulfonyl ester the term 34 binap 34 refers to 2 2 39 bis diphenylphosphino 1 1 39 binaphthyl the term 34 1 1 39 binaphth 2 2 39 diyl 34 refers to the divalent substituent moiety having the structure shown below str2 in a preferred embodiment of this invention an aryl alkenyl cycloalkenyl or aralkyl moiety substituted by a sulfonate ester or a halo substituent is reacted with a diarylchlorophosphine in the presence of a.