of the molecule however if water is necessary to increase solubility of the molecule in the solution the amount of water generally ranges from about 0 1 to about 1 usually no greater than 1 the amount of molecule to agent generally ranges from about 1 to about 1 5 typically from about 1 to about 1 1 preferably from about 1 to about 1 molar equivalents the reaction may be performed in any suitable temperature generally the temperature ranges between about 0 u00b0 c and about 40 u00b0 c preferably from about 20 u00b0 c to about 25 u00b0 c the reaction is stirred for a period of time until sufficient amount of molecule and agent reacts to form a reactive intermediate the reactive intermediate has a structure defined by formula iii thereafter the reaction solution containing the reactive intermediate is then concentrated and dissolved in desired solvent to provide a spotting solution which is then applied to the surface of a substrate the reactive intermediate is applied as a spotting solution any suitable solvent may be used to prepare the spotting solution suitable but non limiting examples of solvents used in preparing the spotting solution include dmf dmso and ethanol as well as any suitable solvent mixtures such as dmf pyridine any suitable concentration of the spotting solution may be prepared generally the concentration of the spotting solution is about 1 mm any suitable spotting technique may be used to produce spots representative techniques include without limitation manual spotting.