c a primary antibody gfp b 2 b biotin conjugated 200 u03bcl ml 1 santa cruz biotechnology was diluted 1 3000 in antibody binding buffer and allowed to flow over the chip surface at a flow rate of 5 u03bcl min for 30 minutes excess antibody was then washed off the surface by flowing antibody binding buffer over the chip at a flow rate of 5 u03bcl min for 30 minutes a secondary antibody immunogold conjugate em goat antimouse igg h l 40 nm british biocell international was diluted 1 1000 in antibody binding buffer and allowed to flow over the chip surface at a flow rate of 5 u03bcl min for 30 minutes excess antibody was then washed off the surface by flowing antibody binding buffer over the chip at a flow rate of 5 u03bcl min for 30 minutes the buffer was then returned to running buffer which was then allowed to flow over the chip at a rate of 5 u03bcl min for 30 minutes before initiation of the next stage two oligonucleotides were synthesized using standard phosphoramidite chemistry the oligonucleotide defined as seq id no 1 was used as the target polynucleotide and the oligonucleotide defined as seq id no 2 was used as the primer the two oligonucleotides were reacted under hybridizing conditions to form the target primer complex the primed dna was then suspended in buffer 20 mm tris hcl ph 7 5 8 mm mgcl 2 4 v v glycerol 5 mm dithiothreitol ddt containing.