angular scale 506 with off axis angle with zero denoting the on axis direction and 180 degree the opposite direction totally backward this is possible for those preferred embodiments having some sideways extension so that 180 degree is unimpeded by the source referring to fig5 c a diameter of the led device 115 is 20 mm a width of the light redirecting member 405 is 32 mm a diameter of the opening 125 of the light redirecting member 405 is 12 mm a distance between a top of the light redirecting member 405 and the surface of the led device 115 is 8 mm the far field distribution 502 shows that light intensity below the led device 115 has fairly large intensity the far field distribution 504 shows that light is also emitted to above the led device 115 referring to fig5 b far field distribution 520 is obtained when a frosted cover 570 similar to the frosted cover 470 of fig4 g is applied as shown in fig5 d the far field distribution 522 shows that the light emitting pattern is close to a circle which means that light is emitted from the led lamp uniformly in all directions the above illustration provides many different embodiments or embodiments for implementing different features of the invention specific embodiments of components and processes are described to help clarify the invention these are of course merely embodiments and.