very problem in mind since the microactuator is a piezoelectrically driven positioner the thermal load imparted to the system is almost negligible unless operated at very high speeds the radiant power imparted to the working environment is less than 10 milliwatts for maximum scanning speed for normal operation the heat generated is 1 milliwatt or less the vibrational component may be assessed as follows the most critical aspects of internally generated mechanical disturbances are the clamp pusher input profiles the clamp pusher action frequency and the coupling efficiencies of the vibrational inertia from the clamp pusher assemblies to the shaft 11 and the shaft 11 to the actuated system in order to eliminate clamp impulse generated vibration either parabolic input waveforms or trapezoidal waveforms with the appropriate phase relationship may be used trapezoidal inputs were chosen to reduce clamper response time to full amplitude the input signal profile phase between clamp pusher assemblies may turn out to be the most significant vibration mechanism the clamp pusher action frequency will only impact system stability if the motion output is not smooth motion smoothness is controlled directly by the input signal phase relationship the only caveat here would be operating the microactuator at a frequency which couples to a resonance elsewhere in the system hence multiplying any vibrational amplitude which passes the input signal conditioning since the clamp pusher assemblies are rigidly coupled to the shaft 11 at all times all vibration not addressed via input signal phase.