falling within the range of engine operating temperatures this can be offset by adding fibers in the axial direction of the piston to cause the desired thermal growth of the piston diameter holding the clearances between the piston and cylinder wall to the absolute minimum is essential to success of the ringless piston engine and the described reinforcement architecture offers the most potential for achieving this goal the inherently low interlaminar strength of a carbon carbon block of this architecture is not a major concern because the clamping force of the head bolts would negate cross ply tensile stresses in the laminate although the stacked 2 d ply arrangement is preferred other multi dimensional fiber arrangements can be used such as the 3 d fiber arrangements illustrated in fig7 a and 7b for the single bore cylinder block 10 as illustrated in fig3 a laminated polar weave architecture as illustrated in fig8 with a spiral laminate 120 having radial 140 and circumferential 130 fiber tows may be used to increase hoop strength in addition for the case of the single bore cylinder block 10 as illustrated in fig3 a reinforcement architecture may be used in which most of the fibers are oriented parallel and circumferential to the bore axis this is possible because heat moves across a much shorter distance than in the cylinder block illustrated in fig1 such architecture can be produced by rolling 2 d fabric into a tube and molding or by molding a 3 d braided tube or by building up layers of 2 d braided tubes and molding to make a carbon carbon composite engine.