Two goals in three second-half minutes from Nathan Smith and Alex Lacey gave the hosts a 2-0 lead before Jakub Sokolik pulled one back.
After an even first 35 minutes, Plymouth started to look the better side, but were denied by some brave defending as the home side threw bodies in the way of shots on three occasions to keep it level at half-time.
The Glovers then seized the advantage in the 62nd minute as Smith bundled in a Ben Whitfield corner before Lacey doubled the lead two minutes later, finishing after substitute Jordan Slew sliced a Matt Dolan free-kick towards his own goal.
Former Yeovil man Sokolik reduced the arrears 13 minutes from time with a deftly flicked header from a Jake Jervis free-kick.
Match report supplied by the Press Association
Match ends, Yeovil Town 2, Plymouth Argyle 1.
Second Half ends, Yeovil Town 2, Plymouth Argyle 1.
Attempt missed. Jake Jervis (Plymouth Argyle) header from the centre of the box is too high.
Kevin Dawson (Yeovil Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Kevin Dawson (Yeovil Town).
Graham Carey (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Artur Krysiak (Yeovil Town) is shown the yellow card.
Kevin Dawson (Yeovil Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Jakub Sokolik (Plymouth Argyle).
Substitution, Yeovil Town. Shayon Harrison replaces Ben Whitfield.
Yann Songo'o (Plymouth Argyle) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Kevin Dawson (Yeovil Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Yann Songo'o (Plymouth Argyle).
Substitution, Yeovil Town. Omar Sowunmi replaces Tom Eaves.
Tom Eaves (Yeovil Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Tom Eaves (Yeovil Town).
Sonny Bradley (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Jake Jervis (Plymouth Argyle) right footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the right.
Substitution, Yeovil Town. Brandon Goodship replaces Francois Zoko.
Goal!  Yeovil Town 2, Plymouth Argyle 1. Jakub Sokolik (Plymouth Argyle) header from very close range to the top left corner. Assisted by Jake Jervis with a cross following a set piece situation.
Foul by Ben Whitfield (Yeovil Town).
Graham Carey (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Foul by Francois Zoko (Yeovil Town).
Antoni Sarcevic (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt missed. Gary Sawyer (Plymouth Argyle) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Alex Lacey.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. Antoni Sarcevic replaces David Fox.
Foul by Tom Eaves (Yeovil Town).
Jakub Sokolik (Plymouth Argyle) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal!  Yeovil Town 2, Plymouth Argyle 0. Alex Lacey (Yeovil Town) right footed shot from very close range to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Matthew Dolan with a cross following a set piece situation.
Ben Whitfield (Yeovil Town) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Jakub Sokolik (Plymouth Argyle).
Goal!  Yeovil Town 1, Plymouth Argyle 0. Nathan Smith (Yeovil Town) header from very close range to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Ben Whitfield with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Yeovil Town. Conceded by Oscar Threlkeld.
Corner,  Plymouth Argyle. Conceded by Liam Shephard.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. Jake Jervis replaces Ryan Donaldson.
Substitution, Plymouth Argyle. Jordan Slew replaces Nathan Blissett.
Ben Whitfield (Yeovil Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gary Sawyer (Plymouth Argyle).
Yeovil won for the first time in nine League Two matches with a 2-1 victory over promotion-chasing Plymouth.