Mr Satyarthi told the BBC that his Nobel certificate was also missing after the burglary on Tuesday morning.
He said no-one was home at the time of the burglary.
Mr Satyarthi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for his work to combat child labour and child trafficking in India.
He shared the award with Pakistani child education activist Malala Yousafzai for her work on female education.
Profile:  Kailash Satyarthi
Kailash Satyarthi: 'I'm passionate about needy children'
Mr Satyarthi said the Delhi police were investigating the theft.
"The lock of my house was broken and my certificate and a replica medal were taken along with a few other things. We are still assessing what is missing," he said.
The 63-year-old founded Bachpan Bachao Andolan, or the Save the Childhood Movement, which campaigns for child rights and an end to human trafficking.
Mr Satyarthi has long campaigned against child labour and rescued children from servitude.
His efforts have seen tens of thousands of children rescued from hazardous industries and rehabilitated.
A replica of the Nobel medal awarded to Indian child rights campaigner Kailash Satyarthi has been stolen from his home in the capital, Delhi.