《资治通鉴·陈纪·陈纪七》
自公卿以下的官员，常常遭到刑杖的拷打。
自公卿以下，常被楚挞。
From the rank of duke and below, officials were constantly beaten with rods.
<s>[INST] Identify the key themes in this Classical Chinese text and explain them in English: 自公卿以下，常被楚挞。 [/INST] From the rank of duke and below, officials were constantly beaten with rods.</s>
Identify the key themes in this Classical Chinese text and explain them in English: 自公卿以下，常被楚挞。
user
From the rank of duke and below, officials were constantly beaten with rods.
assistant