《明史·列传·卷一百五十六》
承畴认为敌军在商州和雒南两地，如果听说官兵过去，一定会先逃往汉中，那时大军由潼关进入汉中，反而会落在贼寇的后面。于是命令文诏从阌乡取山路到商州和雒南，直捣贼窝，然后再从山阳、镇安、洵阳等地赶到汉中来，阻止他们逃跑。
承畴以贼在商、雒，闻官兵至，必先走汉中，而大军由潼关入，反在其后，乃令文诏由阌乡取山路至雒南、商州，直捣贼巢，复从山阳、镇安、洵阳驰入汉中，遏其奔轶。
Chengchou believed that the enemy army was in Shangzhou and Luonan. If they heard that government soldiers were there, they would definitely flee to Hanzhong. At that time, the main army would enter Hanzhong via Tongguan and instead end up behind the enemy. Thus, he ordered Wen Zhao to take a mountain path from Guxiang to Shangzhou and Luonan, strike directly at the enemy’s lair, and then head to Hanzhong from areas such as Shanyang, Zhen’an, and Xunyang to stop them from escaping.
<s>[INST] Identify the key themes in this Classical Chinese text and explain them in English: 承畴以贼在商、雒，闻官兵至，必先走汉中，而大军由潼关入，反在其后，乃令文诏由阌乡取山路至雒南、商州，直捣贼巢，复从山阳、镇安、洵阳驰入汉中，遏其奔轶。 [/INST] Chengchou believed that the enemy army was in Shangzhou and Luonan. If they heard that government soldiers were there, they would definitely flee to Hanzhong. At that time, the main army would enter Hanzhong via Tongguan and instead end up behind the enemy. Thus, he ordered Wen Zhao to take a mountain path from Guxiang to Shangzhou and Luonan, strike directly at the enemy’s lair, and then head to Hanzhong from areas such as Shanyang, Zhen’an, and Xunyang to stop them from escaping.</s>
Identify the key themes in this Classical Chinese text and explain them in English: 承畴以贼在商、雒，闻官兵至，必先走汉中，而大军由潼关入，反在其后，乃令文诏由阌乡取山路至雒南、商州，直捣贼巢，复从山阳、镇安、洵阳驰入汉中，遏其奔轶。
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Chengchou believed that the enemy army was in Shangzhou and Luonan. If they heard that government soldiers were there, they would definitely flee to Hanzhong. At that time, the main army would enter Hanzhong via Tongguan and instead end up behind the enemy. Thus, he ordered Wen Zhao to take a mountain path from Guxiang to Shangzhou and Luonan, strike directly at the enemy’s lair, and then head to Hanzhong from areas such as Shanyang, Zhen’an, and Xunyang to stop them from escaping.
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