《明史·列传·卷一百六十》
承畴率领变蛟从沔县经过宁羌，翻过七盘、朝天两座山关，由于山高路窄，军马饥饿疲劳，年底才抵达广元，贼寇已经返回去陕西。
承畴率变蛟等由沔县历宁羌，过七盘、朝天二关。山高道狭，士马饥疲，岁暮抵广元，贼已走还秦。
Chengchao led Bianjiao from Mian County via Ningqiang, and they crossed the two mountain passes of Qipan and Chaotien. As the mountains were high and the roads were narrow, the troops and horses were hungry and exhausted, so they did not reach Guangyuan until the end of the year, by which time the bandits had already returned to Shaanxi.
<s>[INST] For the Classical Chinese excerpt: 承畴率变蛟等由沔县历宁羌，过七盘、朝天二关。山高道狭，士马饥疲，岁暮抵广元，贼已走还秦。, detail the steps needed to accurately translate it into English. [/INST]
Completed English translation: Chengchao led Bianjiao from Mian County via Ningqiang, and they crossed the two mountain passes of Qipan and Chaotien. As the mountains were high and the roads were narrow, the troops and horses were hungry and exhausted, so they did not reach Guangyuan until the end of the year, by which time the bandits had already returned to Shaanxi.
Step 1: Identify the main verb and its object: 承畴率变蛟等 (Chengchao led Bianjiao).
Step 2: Identify the adverbial phrases and their functions:
- 由沔县历宁羌 (from Mian County via Ningqiang): indicates the route taken
- 过七盘、朝天二关 (crossed the two mountain passes of Qipan and Chaotien): indicates the specific locations passed
- 岁暮 (at the end of the year): indicates the time of arrival
- 贼已走还秦 (the bandits had already returned to Shaanxi): indicates the situation at the time of arrival
Step 3: Identify the adjectives and their functions:
- 山高 (the mountains were high): describes the terrain
- 道狭 (the roads were narrow): describes the terrain
- 士马饥疲 (the troops and horses were hungry and exhausted): describes the condition of the troops and horses
Step 4: Combine the elements to form a coherent English translation.</s>
For the Classical Chinese excerpt: 承畴率变蛟等由沔县历宁羌，过七盘、朝天二关。山高道狭，士马饥疲，岁暮抵广元，贼已走还秦。, detail the steps needed to accurately translate it into English.
user
Completed English translation: Chengchao led Bianjiao from Mian County via Ningqiang, and they crossed the two mountain passes of Qipan and Chaotien. As the mountains were high and the roads were narrow, the troops and horses were hungry and exhausted, so they did not reach Guangyuan until the end of the year, by which time the bandits had already returned to Shaanxi.
Step 1: Identify the main verb and its object: 承畴率变蛟等 (Chengchao led Bianjiao).
Step 2: Identify the adverbial phrases and their functions:
- 由沔县历宁羌 (from Mian County via Ningqiang): indicates the route taken
- 过七盘、朝天二关 (crossed the two mountain passes of Qipan and Chaotien): indicates the specific locations passed
- 岁暮 (at the end of the year): indicates the time of arrival
- 贼已走还秦 (the bandits had already returned to Shaanxi): indicates the situation at the time of arrival
Step 3: Identify the adjectives and their functions:
- 山高 (the mountains were high): describes the terrain
- 道狭 (the roads were narrow): describes the terrain
- 士马饥疲 (the troops and horses were hungry and exhausted): describes the condition of the troops and horses
Step 4: Combine the elements to form a coherent English translation.
assistant