《资治通鉴·宋纪·宋纪十五》
十一月，北魏太上皇亲自率军讨伐，准备北渡大沙漠，柔然军向北逃走数千里，太上皇这才班师回朝。
十一月，上皇自将讨之。将度漠，柔然北走数千里，上皇乃还。
In November, the Retired Emperor of Northern Wei personally led an army to fight back, preparing to cross the great desert to the north. The Rouran army fled thousands of miles north, so the Retired Emperor ended his campaign and returned to the capital.
<s>[INST] Highlight and translate the key terms in the Classical Chinese text: 十一月，上皇自将讨之。将度漠，柔然北走数千里，上皇乃还。, and explain their significance in the context of the passage. [/INST] Key terms and their translations:

- 十一月 (shíyīyuè): November
- 上皇 (shànghuáng): Retired Emperor
- 自将 (zìjiāng): to personally lead
- 讨 (tǎo): to fight back
- 将度漠 (jiàngdùmò): preparing to cross the great desert to the north
- 柔然 (róurán): Rouran, a nomadic people in ancient China
- 北走 (běizǒu): to flee north
- 数千里 (shùqiānlǐ): thousands of miles
- 乃还 (nǎihái): ended his campaign and returned to the capital. 

Final English translation: In November, the Retired Emperor of Northern Wei personally led an army to fight back, preparing to cross the great desert to the north. The Rouran army fled thousands of miles north, so the Retired Emperor ended his campaign and returned to the capital.</s>
Highlight and translate the key terms in the Classical Chinese text: 十一月，上皇自将讨之。将度漠，柔然北走数千里，上皇乃还。, and explain their significance in the context of the passage.
user
Key terms and their translations:

- 十一月 (shíyīyuè): November
- 上皇 (shànghuáng): Retired Emperor
- 自将 (zìjiāng): to personally lead
- 讨 (tǎo): to fight back
- 将度漠 (jiàngdùmò): preparing to cross the great desert to the north
- 柔然 (róurán): Rouran, a nomadic people in ancient China
- 北走 (běizǒu): to flee north
- 数千里 (shùqiānlǐ): thousands of miles
- 乃还 (nǎihái): ended his campaign and returned to the capital. 

Final English translation: In November, the Retired Emperor of Northern Wei personally led an army to fight back, preparing to cross the great desert to the north. The Rouran army fled thousands of miles north, so the Retired Emperor ended his campaign and returned to the capital.
assistant