《后汉书·本纪·皇后纪下》
光武中兴，明帝继位，才为其母光武阴皇后建立光烈之称叫光烈阴皇后。其后都以德为配，至于贤愚优劣，混同一贯都是这样，所以明帝马皇后称明德马皇后；章帝窦皇后称章德窦皇后，都以德称。
中兴，明帝始建光烈之称，其后并以德为配，至于贤愚优劣，混同一贯，故马、窦二后惧称德焉。
Following Emperor Guangwu's restoration of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Ming succeeded to the throne, and only then did he honor his mother, Empress Yin of Guangwu with the title of Empress Guanglie Yin. After that, all posthumous titles were prefixed with “virtuous”. As for the difference between virtuous and foolish, superior and inferior, they were all the same, so Empress Ma of Emperor Ming was called Empress Ma Mingde ("virtuous Ming"); Empress Dou of Emperor Zhang was called Empress Dou Zhangde ("virtuous Zhang"), all titles were prefixed with “virtuous”.
<s>[INST] Take each pair of old and new sentences and unite them into a single translation that captures the core meaning: Archaic: 中兴，明帝始建光烈之称，其后并以德为配，至于贤愚优劣，混同一贯，故马、窦二后惧称德焉。 Updated: 光武中兴，明帝继位，才为其母光武阴皇后建立光烈之称叫光烈阴皇后。其后都以德为配，至于贤愚优劣，混同一贯都是这样，所以明帝马皇后称明德马皇后；章帝窦皇后称章德窦皇后，都以德称。 [/INST] Following Emperor Guangwu's restoration of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Ming succeeded to the throne, and only then did he honor his mother, Empress Yin of Guangwu with the title of Empress Guanglie Yin. After that, all posthumous titles were prefixed with “virtuous”. As for the difference between virtuous and foolish, superior and inferior, they were all the same, so Empress Ma of Emperor Ming was called Empress Ma Mingde ("virtuous Ming"); Empress Dou of Emperor Zhang was called Empress Dou Zhangde ("virtuous Zhang"), all titles were prefixed with “virtuous”.</s>
Take each pair of old and new sentences and unite them into a single translation that captures the core meaning: Archaic: 中兴，明帝始建光烈之称，其后并以德为配，至于贤愚优劣，混同一贯，故马、窦二后惧称德焉。 Updated: 光武中兴，明帝继位，才为其母光武阴皇后建立光烈之称叫光烈阴皇后。其后都以德为配，至于贤愚优劣，混同一贯都是这样，所以明帝马皇后称明德马皇后；章帝窦皇后称章德窦皇后，都以德称。
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Following Emperor Guangwu's restoration of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Ming succeeded to the throne, and only then did he honor his mother, Empress Yin of Guangwu with the title of Empress Guanglie Yin. After that, all posthumous titles were prefixed with “virtuous”. As for the difference between virtuous and foolish, superior and inferior, they were all the same, so Empress Ma of Emperor Ming was called Empress Ma Mingde ("virtuous Ming"); Empress Dou of Emperor Zhang was called Empress Dou Zhangde ("virtuous Zhang"), all titles were prefixed with “virtuous”.
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