《宋史·列传·卷二十五》
正遇有人认为仲舒生事，皇上对亲近大臣说： 仲舒曾经统管枢密事务，在我的身边，应当以绥抚为原则。
会有言仲舒生事者，上谓近臣曰： 仲舒尝总机密之职，在吾左右，当以绥怀为务。
It happened that someone thought that Zhongshu was causing trouble, and the emperor said to his close minister: Zhongshu once managed the affairs of the secret service, and while he was by my side, he should have taken appeasement as his guiding principle.
<s>[INST] Provide a summary of Modern Standard Chinese history from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the present day. [/INST]
**Summary of Modern Standard Chinese History from the End of the Qing Dynasty to the Present Day:**

**End of the Qing Dynasty (1911-1912)**

* Collapse of the Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty in China.
* Establishment of the Republic of China (ROC).

**Republic of China (1912-1949)**

* Period of instability and civil war.
* Rise of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
* Japanese invasion and occupation during World War II.
* Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War.

**People's Republic of China (PRC) (1949-Present)**

* Founding of the People's Republic of China by the CCP under Mao Zedong.
* Implementation of socialist policies, including land reform and collectivization.
* Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) and Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), resulting in widespread economic and social turmoil.
* Opening-up and reform policies under Deng Xiaoping (1978 onwards).
* Rapid economic growth, known as the "Chinese economic miracle."
* Political liberalization and social change.
* Rise of Xi Jinping and the tightening of CCP control.

**Hong Kong and Macao**

* Former British and Portuguese colonies, respectively.
* Returned to Chinese sovereignty in 1997 and 1999, respectively.
* Maintain their own political and economic systems under the "one country, two systems" policy.

**Taiwan**

* Remained under the control of the Kuomintang after the Chinese Civil War.
* Claimed by the PRC but considered by many as a de facto independent state.
* Has its own separate political and economic system.</s>
Provide a summary of Modern Standard Chinese history from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the present day.
user
**Summary of Modern Standard Chinese History from the End of the Qing Dynasty to the Present Day:**

**End of the Qing Dynasty (1911-1912)**

* Collapse of the Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty in China.
* Establishment of the Republic of China (ROC).

**Republic of China (1912-1949)**

* Period of instability and civil war.
* Rise of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
* Japanese invasion and occupation during World War II.
* Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War.

**People's Republic of China (PRC) (1949-Present)**

* Founding of the People's Republic of China by the CCP under Mao Zedong.
* Implementation of socialist policies, including land reform and collectivization.
* Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) and Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), resulting in widespread economic and social turmoil.
* Opening-up and reform policies under Deng Xiaoping (1978 onwards).
* Rapid economic growth, known as the "Chinese economic miracle."
* Political liberalization and social change.
* Rise of Xi Jinping and the tightening of CCP control.

**Hong Kong and Macao**

* Former British and Portuguese colonies, respectively.
* Returned to Chinese sovereignty in 1997 and 1999, respectively.
* Maintain their own political and economic systems under the "one country, two systems" policy.

**Taiwan**

* Remained under the control of the Kuomintang after the Chinese Civil War.
* Claimed by the PRC but considered by many as a de facto independent state.
* Has its own separate political and economic system.
assistant