《新唐书·列传·卷四十》
先帝服用了，不久即告病危，医生都不知怎么办才好。
先帝饵之，俄而大渐，上医不知所为。
The former emperor took it and soon became seriously ill, and the doctor had no idea what to do.
<s>[INST] Highlight and translate the key terms in the Classical Chinese text: 母后, 慈圣, 臣诚惶诚恐, 顿首顿首, 死罪死罪, and explain their significance in the context of the passage. [/INST]

Key terms and their translations:
- 母后 (mǔhòu): Empress Dowager
- 慈圣 (císhèng): a respectful title for the Empress Dowager, meaning "benevolent and holy"
- 臣诚惶诚恐 (chén chénghuáng chéngkǒng): I, your servant, am truly terrified and fearful
- 顿首顿首 (dùnshǒu dùnshǒu): to kowtow repeatedly, showing the utmost respect and humility
- 死罪死罪 (sǐzuì sǐzuì): a phrase used to plead for forgiveness, meaning "I deserve to die"

Significance in the context of the passage:
These key terms are used in a memorial submitted by a minister to the Empress Dowager, expressing his deep remorse and fear after failing to fulfill his duty. The use of respectful and humble language, such as "Empress Dowager," "benevolent and holy," and "I deserve to die," shows the minister's sincere apology and his understanding of the seriousness of his offense. These terms highlight the hierarchical relationship between the minister and the Empress Dowager, as well as the cultural values of respect and humility in ancient China.</s>
Highlight and translate the key terms in the Classical Chinese text: 母后, 慈圣, 臣诚惶诚恐, 顿首顿首, 死罪死罪, and explain their significance in the context of the passage.
user
Key terms and their translations:
- 母后 (mǔhòu): Empress Dowager
- 慈圣 (císhèng): a respectful title for the Empress Dowager, meaning "benevolent and holy"
- 臣诚惶诚恐 (chén chénghuáng chéngkǒng): I, your servant, am truly terrified and fearful
- 顿首顿首 (dùnshǒu dùnshǒu): to kowtow repeatedly, showing the utmost respect and humility
- 死罪死罪 (sǐzuì sǐzuì): a phrase used to plead for forgiveness, meaning "I deserve to die"

Significance in the context of the passage:
These key terms are used in a memorial submitted by a minister to the Empress Dowager, expressing his deep remorse and fear after failing to fulfill his duty. The use of respectful and humble language, such as "Empress Dowager," "benevolent and holy," and "I deserve to die," shows the minister's sincere apology and his understanding of the seriousness of his offense. These terms highlight the hierarchical relationship between the minister and the Empress Dowager, as well as the cultural values of respect and humility in ancient China.
assistant