《史记·七十列传·乐毅列传》
齐湣王在济水西边被打败后，就逃跑到莒邑并据城固守。
齐湣王之败济西，亡走，保於莒。
After being defeated west of the Ji River, King Min of Qi fled to Juyi and defended the city.
<s>[INST] For the Classical Chinese excerpt: 齐湣王之败济西，亡走，保於莒。, detail the steps needed to accurately translate it into English. [/INST]
Completed English translation: After being defeated west of the Ji River, King Min of Qi fled to Juyi and defended the city.
**Step 1: Identify the grammatical structure of the sentence.**
The sentence is a compound sentence consisting of two clauses:
- The first clause, "齐湣王之败济西" (King Min of Qi was defeated west of the Ji River), is a noun clause that functions as the subject of the sentence.
- The second clause, "亡走，保於莒" (he fled and defended the city of Juyi), is the main verb clause.
**Step 2: Determine the meaning of the individual words and phrases.**
- "齐湣王" (King Min of Qi): This refers to Tian Jian, the ruler of the Qi state from 323 to 284 BCE. He was known for his extravagance and military failures.
- "之" (possessive particle): This particle indicates that "齐湣王" (King Min of Qi) is the possessor of the noun "败" (defeat).
- "败" (defeat): This verb means "to be defeated" or "to lose a battle."
- "济西" (west of the Ji River): This refers to the area west of the Ji River, which is a river in Shandong Province, China.
- "亡走" (to flee): This verb-object compound means "to flee" or "to run away."
- "保" (to defend): This verb means "to defend" or "to protect."
- "於" (at): This preposition indicates the location of the action.
- "莒" (Juyi): This refers to the city of Juyi in Shandong Province, China.
**Step 3: Combine the individual meanings into a coherent translation.**
Based on the meanings of the individual words and phrases, the sentence can be translated into English as follows: "After being defeated west of the Ji River, King Min of Qi fled to Juyi and defended the city."</s>
For the Classical Chinese excerpt: 齐湣王之败济西，亡走，保於莒。, detail the steps needed to accurately translate it into English.
user
Completed English translation: After being defeated west of the Ji River, King Min of Qi fled to Juyi and defended the city.
**Step 1: Identify the grammatical structure of the sentence.**
The sentence is a compound sentence consisting of two clauses:
- The first clause, "齐湣王之败济西" (King Min of Qi was defeated west of the Ji River), is a noun clause that functions as the subject of the sentence.
- The second clause, "亡走，保於莒" (he fled and defended the city of Juyi), is the main verb clause.
**Step 2: Determine the meaning of the individual words and phrases.**
- "齐湣王" (King Min of Qi): This refers to Tian Jian, the ruler of the Qi state from 323 to 284 BCE. He was known for his extravagance and military failures.
- "之" (possessive particle): This particle indicates that "齐湣王" (King Min of Qi) is the possessor of the noun "败" (defeat).
- "败" (defeat): This verb means "to be defeated" or "to lose a battle."
- "济西" (west of the Ji River): This refers to the area west of the Ji River, which is a river in Shandong Province, China.
- "亡走" (to flee): This verb-object compound means "to flee" or "to run away."
- "保" (to defend): This verb means "to defend" or "to protect."
- "於" (at): This preposition indicates the location of the action.
- "莒" (Juyi): This refers to the city of Juyi in Shandong Province, China.
**Step 3: Combine the individual meanings into a coherent translation.**
Based on the meanings of the individual words and phrases, the sentence can be translated into English as follows: "After being defeated west of the Ji River, King Min of Qi fled to Juyi and defended the city."
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