《金史·列传·卷四十五》
高汝砺上奏说 ：古时没有专卖法，从汉以来才设置盐、铁、酒榷，都将收入交公，以助经费开支。
汝砺上言曰： 古无榷法，自汉以来始置盐铁酒榷均输官，以佐经费。
“Even the lowest level of people have to pay taxes on their vehicles, boats, and houses. All methods of levying taxes have been exhausted, but I have never heard of a monopoly on oil.”
<s>[INST] Highlight and translate the key terms in the Classical Chinese text: 汝砺上言曰：古无榷法，自汉以来始置盐铁酒榷均输官，以佐经费。, and explain their significance in the context of the passage. [/INST]
**Key terms and their translations:**
- 汝砺: Ru Li, the name of a scholar-official
- 上言: a memorial to the emperor
- 古无榷法: in ancient times, there were no monopolies
- 自汉以来始置盐铁酒榷均输官: since the Han dynasty, monopolies on salt, iron, alcohol, and other commodities have been established
- 以佐经费: to supplement government revenue

**Significance of the terms in the context of the passage:**

The passage describes the history of monopolies in China, noting that they were first established during the Han dynasty. The key terms highlight the importance of monopolies as a source of government revenue. The fact that monopolies were established on essential commodities such as salt, iron, and alcohol indicates that they were a significant part of the Chinese economy. The passage also suggests that monopolies were controversial, as Ru Li's memorial implies that they were a burden on the people.

**Final English translation of the passage:**

Ru Li memorialized to the emperor, saying: "In ancient times, there were no monopolies. Since the Han dynasty, monopolies on salt, iron, alcohol, and other commodities have been established to supplement government revenue."</s>
Highlight and translate the key terms in the Classical Chinese text: 汝砺上言曰：古无榷法，自汉以来始置盐铁酒榷均输官，以佐经费。, and explain their significance in the context of the passage.
user
**Key terms and their translations:**
- 汝砺: Ru Li, the name of a scholar-official
- 上言: a memorial to the emperor
- 古无榷法: in ancient times, there were no monopolies
- 自汉以来始置盐铁酒榷均输官: since the Han dynasty, monopolies on salt, iron, alcohol, and other commodities have been established
- 以佐经费: to supplement government revenue

**Significance of the terms in the context of the passage:**

The passage describes the history of monopolies in China, noting that they were first established during the Han dynasty. The key terms highlight the importance of monopolies as a source of government revenue. The fact that monopolies were established on essential commodities such as salt, iron, and alcohol indicates that they were a significant part of the Chinese economy. The passage also suggests that monopolies were controversial, as Ru Li's memorial implies that they were a burden on the people.

**Final English translation of the passage:**

Ru Li memorialized to the emperor, saying: "In ancient times, there were no monopolies. Since the Han dynasty, monopolies on salt, iron, alcohol, and other commodities have been established to supplement government revenue."
assistant