《礼记·王制》
中原、东夷、南蛮、西戎、北狄的人民，都有安逸的住处，偏爱的口味，舒适的服饰，便利的工具，完备的器物。东西南北中五方的人民，虽然言语不通，嗜好不同，但当他们要表达心意、互相交流的时候，有懂得双方语言的人帮助沟通。这种人，在东夷叫寄，在南蛮叫象，在西戎叫狄鞮，在北狄叫译。
中国、夷、蛮、戎、狄，皆有安居、和味、宜服、利用、备器，五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。达其志，通其欲：东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译。
The people of the Central Plains, the Eastern Yi, the Southern Man, the Western Rong, and the Northern Di all have comfortable dwellings, preferred flavors, comfortable clothes, convenient tools, and complete utensils. Although the people of the five directions in the east, west, south, and north have different languages and preferences, when they need to express their intentions and communicate with each other, there are people who understand the languages of both sides to help communicate. Such people are called Ji in the Eastern Yi, Xiang in the Southern Man, Didi in the Western Rong, and Yi in the Northern Di.