《吕氏春秋·纪·仲冬纪》
跖以辩说非难六王五霸，认为尧有不慈的名声，舜有不孝的行为，禹有沉湎于酒的意愿，商汤、武王有放逐，杀死他们君主的罪行，五霸有侵暴必乱的图谋。
备说非六王、五伯，以为尧有不慈之名，舜有不孝之行，禹有淫湎之意，汤、武有放杀之事，五伯有暴乱之谋。
Zhi criticized the six kings and the five hegemons with debate, saying that Yao had a reputation for being unkind, Shun had unfilial behavior, Yu had the desire to indulge in alcohol, Shang Tang and King Wu had the crime of banishing and killing their lords, and the five hegemons had the intention of being aggressive and chaotic.