《明史·志·卷七十》
贵溪儒士夏伯启叔侄切断手指表示坚决不做官，苏州人才姚润和王谟被官府征召而不到任，全都诛杀而没收其家产，亲属为奴。 天下士大夫不为君用 的罪名由此而设。
贵溪儒士夏伯启叔侄断指不仕，苏州人才姚润、王谟被征不至，皆诛而籍其家。 寰中士夫不为君用 之科所由设也。
Xia Boqishu, a Confucian scholar from Guixi, and his nephew cut off their fingers to show their determination not to be an official. Yao Run and Wang Mo of Suzhou were summoned by the government but did not take office. They were all executed and their family properties were confiscated, and their relatives became slaves. The crime of the world's scholar-officials not being used by the emperor was established because of this.