《黄帝四经·经法·四度》
君主大臣改变了相互正常的位次就称为逆，贤与不贤的人职爵贵贱无别就称为乱，违反了服役务农的时节规律就称之为逆，滥行生杀赏罚之权就叫暴戾。
君臣易位谓之逆，贤不肖并立谓之乱，动静不时谓之逆，生杀不当谓之暴。
When a ruler and his ministers change their normal positions, it is called a rebellion. When the virtuous and the wicked have no distinction in their official ranks and titles, it is called chaos. When the seasons for farming and military service are violated, it is called rebellion. When the power of life and death and the right to reward and punish are abused, it is called tyranny.