《明史·列传·卷一百五十七》
当初山西在受到流寇侵扰之后，当地的土匪也乘机而起，三关的王刚、孝义的通天柱、临县的王之晋都打家劫舍，破坏城镇。
初，山西既中贼，其土寇亦乘间起，三关王刚、孝义通天柱、临县王之臣皆残破城邑。
After Shanxi was encroached upon by bandits, local bandits took advantage of the situation and rose up as well - Wang Gang from Sanguan, Tongtianzhu from Xiaoyi, and Wang Zhijin from Linxian all attacked homes and robbed and looted, causing damage to towns and cities.