《资治通鉴·齐纪·齐纪七》
孝文帝考虑到北方的酋长以及在身边侍奉自己的王子们害怕暑热，所以就任他们秋天来到洛阳，春天再返回各自的部落去，当时的人们称他们为 雁臣 。
帝以北方酋长及侍子畏暑，听秋朝洛阳，春还部落，时人谓之 雁臣 。
Emperor Xiaowen considered that the northern chiefs and the princes who were serving by his side were afraid of the heat, so he allowed them to come to Luoyang in the autumn and return to their respective tribes in the spring. At that time, people called them “雁臣” (wild goose ministers).