《新唐书·列传·卷一百四十一》
该州南抵江北岷山，西北望陇山，一面是崖，三面临江，吐蕃称之为无忧城，是西南的重地。
州南抵江阳岷山，西北望陇山，一面崖，三涯江，虏号无忧城，为西南要捍。
The state bordered the Min Mountains in Jiangbei in the south and the Long Mountains in the northwest, with one side being a cliff and three sides facing the river. Tubo called it Wuyoucheng, which was a strategic location in the southwest.