《逸周书·卷六·谥法解》
废弃礼仪又疏远众人的谥号 炀 ，好女色又远礼仪的谥号 炀 ，好女色又荒政事的谥号 炀 ，行为放纵而精神衰疲的谥号 炀 。
去礼远众曰炀，好内远礼曰炀，好内怠政曰炀。
The posthumous name Yang, meaning abandoned rituals and alienated people; the posthumous name Yang, meaning fond of women and alienated from etiquette; the posthumous name Yang, meaning fond of women and negligent in government affairs; the posthumous name Yang, meaning debauched behavior and mental fatigue.