《汉书·传·货殖传》
范蠡认为陶邑处在天下的中心，与诸侯各国四通八达，交易货物非常便利。于是治理产业，囤积居奇，随机应变，运用智巧取利，择人放债，债务不须追讨即可收回。
以为陶天下之中，诸侯四通，货物所交易也，乃治产积居，与时逐而不责于人。
Fan Li believed that Taoyi was located at the centre of the world, with convenient access to all the feudal kingdoms, making it very convenient to trade goods. Thus, he managed his industry, stockpiled goods, made use of opportune moments, used his wits to make profits, selected people to lend money to, and collected debts without having to chase after them.