《资治通鉴·唐纪·唐纪十》
他们的君王称为赞普，按着他们的习惯不称姓，王族均叫论，官员家族均称做尚。
其王称赞普，俗不言姓，王族皆曰论，宦族皆曰尚。
Their king was called the Great Khan, and in keeping with their customs, his family name was not used. All members of the royal clan were called Lun and all officials’ families were called Shang.