《后汉书·列传·西羌传》
昼挞时代，堕运戎、蛮氏戎称子，战国时代，大荔、义渠称王，到戎族衰败灭亡时，剩下来的戎人全都恢复过去的酋豪称呼。
春秋时，陆浑、蛮氏戎称子。战国世，大荔、义渠称王。及其衰亡，余种皆反旧为酋豪云。
In the Zhou Dynasty era, the Rong people of Dainong and Manshi were called children, and in the Warring States era, the Rong people of Dali and Yiqu were called kings. By the time the Rong tribe declined and perished, all the remaining Rong people had reverted to their old chieftain称呼s. 