《资治通鉴·宋纪·宋纪十二》
当初，北魏太武帝拓跋焘四处出兵，扩大疆土，国力空虚，再加上朝廷内部不断发生变乱，使朝廷官属与老百姓都十分痛苦。
初，魏世祖经营四方，国颇虚耗，重以内难，朝野楚楚。
In the beginning, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, Tuoba Dao, commanded troops in all directions and expanded territory, and national strength was sapped. In addition, there was ongoing chaos within the court, making court officials and common people extremely distressed.