《资治通鉴·汉纪·汉纪四十五》
起初，鲜卑人檀石槐勇敢健壮，又有谋略，在部落中深受众人的敬畏和信服。檀石槐制定法令，审理诉讼，没有人敢违犯，于是被推举为部落的首领。
初，鲜卑檀石槐，勇健有智略，部落畏服，乃施法禁，平曲直，无敢犯者，遂推以为大人。
In the beginning, the Xianbei leader Tansbihui was brave and robust, and also had a gift for strategy, and among his tribe was deeply respected and trusted by the people. Tansbihui drew up laws and judged lawsuits, and no one dared to transgress them, and so he was recommended to be the tribe’s leader.