《明史·志·卷六十四》
自从井田制度废弃之后，田间水道完全堵塞，河水常常不能得到治理，于是开通渠塘井陂，用来供给灌溉。
自井田废，沟遂堙，水常不得其治，於是穿凿渠塘井陂，以资灌溉。
Since the well-field system was abandoned, the waterways in the fields were completely blocked, and the river water was often not managed, so canals, ponds, and wells were opened to irrigate.