《资治通鉴·梁纪·梁纪六》
自从秦、陇之地叛逆，豫地蛮人作乱，已经有几年之久了，近来派军队讨伐，败多而胜少，查其原因，在于赏罚不明。
自秦、陇逆节，蛮左乱常，已历数载，凡在戎役数十万人，扞御三方之师，败多胜少，迹其所由，皆不明赏罚之故也。
It has been several years since the people of Qin and Long grew rebellious and the barbarians in Yu rebelled. Recently, troops have been sent to suppress them, but their losses are many and their victories are few. Seeking the cause for this, it is found to be due to unclear rewards and punishments.