《旧五代史·其它·外国列传二》
正逢中原衰落动乱，不能安抚拥有西北，只有甘、凉、瓜、沙四州经常各自与中原相来往。
值中国衰乱，不能抚有，惟甘、凉、瓜、沙四州常自通于中国。
It happened that the Central Plains was in decline and turmoil, and could not pacify the Northwest, only the four states of Gan, Liang, Gua, and Sha often had dealings with the Central Plains.