《资治通鉴·宋纪·宋纪六》
北魏朝廷下诏说： 所有有疑问的诉讼案件都交给中书，中书凭借经籍的义理来衡量裁决。 
魏诏： 诸疑狱皆付中书，以经义量决。 
The Northern Wei court issued an edict saying: All doubtful lawsuits are to be submitted to the Office of the Central Secretariat, and the Office of the Central Secretariat will use the principles of classical texts to adjudicate them.