《资治通鉴·陈纪·陈纪九》
隋文帝吸取了北周宇文氏孤弱无援而灭亡的教训，所以分派两个儿子各统御一方，以辅弼朝廷。
隋主惩周氏孤弱而亡，故使二子分莅方面。
Emperor Suiwen drew lessons from the fall of Emperor Yuwen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and decided to give his two sons imperial powers and have them assist in governing the court.