《北史·列传·卷五十一》
 要先用辞听、色听、气听、身听、目听五种方法审理案情，再参验证据，认真观察当事人的表情行迹，仔细识别案件的细节，使罪恶无所隐瞒，罪犯一定能够抓获。然后根据各种情况量刑，轻重都很恰当。 先王的制度规定：与其杀死无辜，宁可赦免有罪的人；与其危害善良，宁可利于邪恶。
又当深思远大，念存德教。先王之制曰：与杀无辜，宁赦有罪；与其害善，宁其利淫。
First, one must use five methods to审理案情: listening to words, listening to expressions, listening to tone, listening to body language, and listening to eyes. Then, one must refer to the evidence, carefully observe the parties' expressions and actions, and carefully identify the details of the case, so that no crime can be concealed and the criminals can be apprehended. Then, according to the circumstances, the punishment should be meted out, and the severity and leniency should be appropriate. The system of the former kings stipulated: "It is better to pardon the guilty than to kill the innocent; it is better to benefit evil than to harm the good."