《逸周书·卷七·官人解》
所以说：事情阻隔的不平顺，特别诡诈的不仁慈，当面吹捧的不忠诚，修饰容貌的不实在，假借节操的不正当，私心重的不正义，说大话的少信用。这就叫揆德。 
 故曰事阻者不夷，时□者不回，面誉者不忠，饰貌者不静，假节者不平，多私者不义，扬言者卦按信，此之谓揆德。 
Therefore it is said: things that are obstructed are not smooth, things that are particularly cunning are not benevolent, those who flatter to one's face are not loyal, those who embellish their appearance are not genuine, those who pretend to have integrity are not upright, those who are selfish are not just, and those who boast have little credibility. This is called measuring character.