《后汉书·列传·西羌传》
大将军梁商对来机等人说： 戎狄属于荒服，蛮夷属于要服，是说他们反覆多变，没有规律，而统治他们的方法，也没有固定的举措，遇到具体事情采取相应的办法，大致依据他们的习俗。
大将军梁商谓机等曰： 戎狄荒服，蛮夷要服，言其荒忽无常。而统领之道，亦无常法，临事制宜，略依其俗。
General Liang Shang said to Lai Ji and others: "Rong Di belongs to uncivilized land, and barbarians belong to subjugated land. It means that they are rebellious and have no rules, and there are no fixed measures to govern them. Specific measures should be taken in accordance with their customs."