《资治通鉴·晋纪·晋纪三十一》
中山城内没有一个主事人，居民们害怕北魏的军队乘虚攻进城来，男女老幼自愿结起盟约，各自单独作战。
中山城无定主，民恐魏兵乘之，男女结盟，人自为战。
There was no one in charge of Zhongshan City. The residents were afraid that the Northern Wei army would take advantage of the situation and attack the city. Men, women, and children voluntarily formed alliances and fought alone.