《管子·明法解》
所以，国家治乱如不决定在法度，而是由重臣决定；生杀权柄如不掌握在君主自身，而是旁落在下面，这就是寄生的君主。
故治乱不以法断而决于重臣，生杀之柄不制于主而在群下，此寄生之主也。
Therefore, the order of the country is not determined by the law, but by the ministers; if the power of life and death is not in the hands of the monarch himself, but is left to others, then this is a parasitic monarch.