《庄子·外篇·天道》
军队和各种兵器的运用，这是德化衰败的表现；奖赏处罚利导惩戒，并且施行各种刑法，这是诲谕衰败的表现；礼仪法规度量计数，对事物实体和称谓的比较和审定，这是治理衰败的表现；钟鼓的声音，用鸟羽兽毛装饰的仪容，这是声乐衰败的表现；痛哭流涕披麻戴孝，不同规格的隆重或省简的丧服，这是哀伤情感不能自然流露的表现。
三军五兵之运，德之末也；赏罚利害，五刑之辟，教之末也；礼法度数，形名比详，治之末也；钟鼓之音，羽旄之容，乐之末也；哭泣衰绖，隆杀之服，哀之末也。
The use of troops and weapons is a sign of the decline of morality; reward, punishment, profit, guidance and punishment, and the implementation of various criminal laws, is a sign of the decline of education; etiquette, rules, measures, and counts, comparison and examination of things and names, is a sign of the decline of governance; the sound of bells and drums, the decoration of feathers and animal hair, is a sign of the decline of music; crying and weeping, mourning, and different levels of mourning clothes, is a sign of the decline of sorrow.