《管子·八观》
所以说，君主没有积蓄而宫室却很华丽，百姓没有积蓄而衣服却很讲究，乘车者打扮车子的外观，步行者穿着用艳丽的服饰，农产品少而奢侈物品多。这是奢侈国家的风俗。
故曰： 主上无积而宫室美，氓家无积而衣服修，乘车者饰观望，灸行者杂文采，本资少而末用多者，侈国之俗也。 
Thus, it is said that when the ruler's treasury is empty yet the palaces are magnificent, when the people have no resources but wear fine clothes, when those who ride in carriages dress-up their vehicles, when pedestrians wear brightly colored clothing, when there is scant food but an abundance of luxury items, then these are the characteristics of an extravagant country.