anybody can develop a cold weather-related injury. the young and the elderly are more prone to these types of injuries due to vascular compromise or inability to effectively redistribute body heat. in addition individuals who work outdoors the homeless and those who engage in outdoor activities are more likely to develop cold weather-related injuries due to their increased chance and time of of exposure to the cold conditions. alcohol and illicit drug use also make it more likely that individuals will develop a cold weather-related injury because these individuals have impaired judgment and they may not sense that they are in danger. patients with certain medical conditions including psychiatric illness circulatory problems diabetes scleroderma dehydration and smoking can develop a cold weather-related injury more quickly than other individuals. the prevention of cold weather-related injuries is best achieved through careful pre-planning and preparation for the cold when possible. travel with another person in case an emergency occurs. take along an emergency kit and blankets in your car in case of a breakdown or accident. dress warmly using multiple layers and adequately cover body areas prone to injury. try to have an extra change of dry clothing so you can remove any wet clothing if necessary. always keep your hands and feet dry and avoid wearing tight fitting clothing on these areas as it may decrease the circulation. use waterproof shoes. drink plenty of water and avoid alcohol caffeinated drinks and smoking. carry high-calorie snacks to provide adequate nutrition. most importantly however move indoors to a warmer environment when you begin to feel cold.
who is most likely to get a cold weather-related injury and what can be done to prevent it?