the primary cause of toxic shock syndrome is a toxin produced by the bacterium staphylococcus aureus. two conditions are necessary: the bacteria need an environment in which they can grow rapidly and release toxins (such as a tampon saturated with blood menstrual sponge diaphragm or cervical cap that has been left in the vagina for a very long time). then the toxins must have a way of getting into the bloodstream. sliding a tampon into place in the vagina may make microscopic tears in its walls rupturing tiny blood vessels. a superabsorbent tampon -- especially if it's left in place too long or if it is used when the menstrual flow is light -- can dry out the vagina making such tearing even more likely.
what causes toxic shock syndrome?