Oxygen and temperature affect cell sizes differently among tissues and between sexes of Drosophila melanogaster.Spatio-temporal gradients in thermal and oxygen conditions trigger evolutionary and developmental responses in ectotherms' body size and cell size, which are commonly interpreted as adaptive.  Altogether, our results show thermal and oxygen conditions trigger shifts in adult size, coupled with the systemic orchestration of cell sizes throughout the body of a fly.  The nature of these patterns supports a model in which an ectotherm adjusts its life-history traits and cellular composition to prevent severe hypoxia at the cellular level. 
THERM