Bulk poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thermoresponsive cell culture platform: toward a new horizon in cell sheet engineering.Although a conventional method of utilizing thermoresponsive grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) enables the harvest of a healthy confluent cell-to-cell junction preserved cell sheet while limiting the use of the trypsin enzyme, the absolute necessity in the delicate control of a sensitive nm-scale PNIPAAm chain length inevitably decelerates the advancement of cell sheet engineering.  In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, a thermoresponsive cell culture platform composed only of a 'bulk' form of a PNIPAAm hydrogel with the Young's modulus being increased up to the MPa scale.  Furthermore, in the aspect of cell sheet detachment at the incubation temperature of 20 °C, the cell sheets composed of cell lines were fully detached from the surface of the platform having a roughness of ∼10 μm or higher, while the cell sheets composed of primary cells were entirely detached from the surface with a roughness of ∼19 μm or higher.  Based on such behaviors of the diverse cells at a given surface roughness, this study further suggests a universal thermoresponsive cell culture platform which allows the harvest of all types of cells from cell lines to primary cells in a desired shape. 
THERM
Bulk poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thermoresponsive cell culture platform: toward a new horizon in cell sheet engineering.Although a conventional method of utilizing thermoresponsive grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) enables the harvest of a healthy confluent cell-to-cell junction preserved cell sheet while limiting the use of the trypsin enzyme, the absolute necessity in the delicate control of a sensitive nm-scale PNIPAAm chain length inevitably decelerates the advancement of cell sheet engineering.  In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, a thermoresponsive cell culture platform composed only of a 'bulk' form of a PNIPAAm hydrogel with the Young's modulus being increased up to the MPa scale.  Furthermore, in the aspect of cell sheet detachment at the incubation temperature of 20 °C, the cell sheets composed of cell lines were fully detached from the surface of the platform having a roughness of ∼10 μm or higher, while the cell sheets composed of primary cells were entirely detached from the surface with a roughness of ∼19 μm or higher.  Based on such behaviors of the diverse cells at a given surface roughness, this study further suggests a universal thermoresponsive cell culture platform which allows the harvest of all types of cells from cell lines to primary cells in a desired shape. 
THERM
Bulk poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thermoresponsive cell culture platform: toward a new horizon in cell sheet engineering.Although a conventional method of utilizing thermoresponsive grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) enables the harvest of a healthy confluent cell-to-cell junction preserved cell sheet while limiting the use of the trypsin enzyme, the absolute necessity in the delicate control of a sensitive nm-scale PNIPAAm chain length inevitably decelerates the advancement of cell sheet engineering.  In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, a thermoresponsive cell culture platform composed only of a 'bulk' form of a PNIPAAm hydrogel with the Young's modulus being increased up to the MPa scale.  Furthermore, in the aspect of cell sheet detachment at the incubation temperature of 20 °C, the cell sheets composed of cell lines were fully detached from the surface of the platform having a roughness of ∼10 μm or higher, while the cell sheets composed of primary cells were entirely detached from the surface with a roughness of ∼19 μm or higher.  Based on such behaviors of the diverse cells at a given surface roughness, this study further suggests a universal thermoresponsive cell culture platform which allows the harvest of all types of cells from cell lines to primary cells in a desired shape. 
THERM
Bulk poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thermoresponsive cell culture platform: toward a new horizon in cell sheet engineering.Although a conventional method of utilizing thermoresponsive grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) enables the harvest of a healthy confluent cell-to-cell junction preserved cell sheet while limiting the use of the trypsin enzyme, the absolute necessity in the delicate control of a sensitive nm-scale PNIPAAm chain length inevitably decelerates the advancement of cell sheet engineering.  In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, a thermoresponsive cell culture platform composed only of a 'bulk' form of a PNIPAAm hydrogel with the Young's modulus being increased up to the MPa scale.  Furthermore, in the aspect of cell sheet detachment at the incubation temperature of 20 °C, the cell sheets composed of cell lines were fully detached from the surface of the platform having a roughness of ∼10 μm or higher, while the cell sheets composed of primary cells were entirely detached from the surface with a roughness of ∼19 μm or higher.  Based on such behaviors of the diverse cells at a given surface roughness, this study further suggests a universal thermoresponsive cell culture platform which allows the harvest of all types of cells from cell lines to primary cells in a desired shape. 
THERM