CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Serine protease 2 disruption induces male sterility in Spodoptera litura.Male fertility is essential for reproduction and population growth in animals.  Disruption of the Ser2 gene mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 induced male sterility but females remained fertile. 
CRISPR/Cas9
PCR-based detection of the next-generation mutants showed that male sterility was stably inherited. 
PCR-based detection
The qRT-PCR analysis of SlSer2 mutants showed that motor protein family genes and structural protein family genes were down-regulated, while protein modification family genes were up-regulated, suggesting that SlSer2 may be involved in sperm movement and activity. 
qRT-PCR analysis