Development of a Survival Nomogram for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: a Population-Based Analysis.PURPOSE
 In this study, we developed a prognostic nomogram for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.


 Patients diagnosed with ESCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1975-2017) and a local hospital were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.  Prognoses were analyzed using the R language software, and the predictive power of the model was then assessed by the Harrell concordance index (C-index) and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.


 RESULTS
 In total, 2915 ESCC patients from SEER database were divided into training and validation cohorts.  Multivariate analysis revealed that sex, marital status, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation all showed a significant association with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (also with tumor grade).  These characteristics were employed to build a nomogram.  The C-index of the nomogram for OS and CSS prediction was 0.743 and 0.748 for the training cohort, which were superior to the predictive power of the 7th TNM staging system.  The AUCs of the nomogram for predicting 2- and 5-year OS were 0.805 and 0.812, respectively, and the AUCs for CSS were 0.811 and 0.821, respectively.  ROC and calibration curves of data from the SEER internal validation set and of data from our hospital showed that this model had good accuracy for predicting the prognosis of ESCC patient.


 The nomogram developed in this study provides a useful tool for accurately estimating OS and CSS for ESCC patients.
R
In total, 2915 ESCC patients from SEER database were divided into training and validation cohorts. 
SEER database