Biosensing of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human plasma samples using biomacromolecule encapsulation into KCC-1-npr-NH2: A new platform for prostate cancer detection.Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is used as a marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and is therefore important in the medical field.  In this study, a novel sandwich type immunoassay was designed based on encapsulation of biotinylated antibody into KCC-1-npr-NH2.  KCC-1-npr-NH2 stabilized the stability of the primary antibody.  So, encapsulated Ab1 was immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon electrode.  Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was employed to monitor the sensor fabrication.  The engineered immunosensor was used for the detection of PSA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPVs) and square wave voltammetry (SWVs) techniques.  The proposed interface lead to enhancement of accessible surface area for immobilizing a high amount of anti-PSA antibody, increasing electrical conductivity, boosting stability, catalytic properties and biocompatibility.  The intensity of electrochemical signals is also increased by the use of AuNPs functionalized with CysA used in secondary antibody (HRP conjugated PSA) structure.  Under optimal conditions, the designed immuno-assay provide a good analytical performance for quantifying the PSA marker in the linear range of 1 to 60 μg/l.
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