Race with virus evolution: The development and application of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been urgently developed around the world.  On the basis of the mRNA vaccine technology developed previously, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were promptly tested in animals, advanced to clinical trials, and then authorized for emergency use in humans.  The administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has successfully reduced the hospitalization and mortality caused by the viral infection, although the virus continuously evolves with its transmission.  In this review, we summarize the principles, safety and efficacy of as well as the immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.  Since mRNA vaccine approaches could be practical for the prevention of infectious diseases, we also briefly describe mRNA vaccines against other human viral pathogens in clinical trials.
mRNA vaccines
On the basis of the mRNA vaccine technology developed previously, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were promptly tested in animals, advanced to clinical trials, and then authorized for emergency use in humans.  Therefore, the development of mRNA vaccine technology, including RNA modification and delivery systems, is well recognized for its contribution to moderating the harms caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 
mRNA vaccine technology
Since mRNA vaccine approaches could be practical for the prevention of infectious diseases, we also briefly describe mRNA vaccines against other human viral pathogens in clinical trials.
mRNA vaccine approaches