HFpEF: new biomarkers and their diagnostic and prognostic value.Heart failure characterized by preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) poses a substantial challenge to healthcare systems worldwide and the diagnostic algorithms used currently mirror those utilized for reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).  This literature review aims to explore the diagnostic and prognostic credibility of numerous emerging biomarkers associated with HFpEF.  After reviewing the current literature we conclude that there are no biomarkers at present which are superior to natriuretic peptides in terms of diagnosis and prognosis of HFpEF.  Although newer individual biomarkers may not be useful in diagnosing and prognosis of HFpEF, we believe that a specific biomarker profile may be identified in each phenotype,which can be used in future.
HFpEF
HFpEF: new biomarkers and their diagnostic and prognostic value.Heart failure characterized by preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) poses a substantial challenge to healthcare systems worldwide and the diagnostic algorithms used currently mirror those utilized for reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). 
HFrEF