Imaging sensors were self-calibrated using a bundle adjustment technique, and the images were downloaded with Australis photogrammetric software. 
Australis photogrammetric software
Reliability of a close-range photogrammetry technique to measure ankle kinematics during active range of motion in place.BACKGROUND
 As the risk of ankle turn during daily activity is very high, studying ankle kinematics in place is important for ankle sprain prevention.  The close-range photogrammetry (CRP) technique is used to measure ankle kinematics during active range of motion (AROM) in place.  The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability of CRP to measure ankle kinematics.


 Twenty adults were recruited and fourteen retro-reflective targets were mounted on the skin of their right feet.  Imaging sensors were self-calibrated using a bundle adjustment technique, and the images were downloaded with Australis photogrammetric software.  Three trials were conducted and reliability coefficients were used to assess agreement between them.


 Reliability was almost perfect and the results show that the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of ankle angle values were (dorsiflexion = 0.96), (plantarflexion = 0.81), (inversion = 0.92), (eversion = 0.95), (internal rotation = 0.92), and (external rotation = 0.78).  The overall intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.89 and the standard error of the measurement (SEM) values ranged from (0.37° to 6.18°).


 CONCLUSIONS
 The results indicate that the CRP technique was able to reliably measure ankle kinematics.  The results may support and enhance knowledge related to ankle AROM in the clinical arena.
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