The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Physician Fee Schedule were queried from 2015 to 2017. 
ACS-NSQIP
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Physician Fee Schedule were queried from 2015 to 2017.  The CMS operative times and the NSQIP real data were used in turn to calculate separate values for wRVUs per hour (wRVUs/hr) of operative time.  The wRVUs/hr derived from CMS operative times represent RUC-estimated wRVUs/hr and wRVUs/hr derived from NSQIP represent actual wRVUs/hr.  
CMS
Medicare determines physician work RVUs (wRVUs) from the Relative Value Update Committee (RUC) for a procedure based on operative time, technical skill and effort, mental effort and judgment, and stress.  The wRVUs/hr derived from CMS operative times represent RUC-estimated wRVUs/hr and wRVUs/hr derived from NSQIP represent actual wRVUs/hr.   RUC-estimated wRVUs/hr were TURP 12.2, PVP 12.2, RSP 9, SSP 9.3, and HoLEP 7.3. 
RUC
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Physician Fee Schedule were queried from 2015 to 2017. 
Medicare Physician Fee Schedule