Composition change rule after vinegar processing was applied by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with principal component analysis (PCA). 
UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
Composition change rule after vinegar processing was applied by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with principal component analysis (PCA). 
PCA
Direct toxicity reducing information was obtained at the cellular level including cellular morphology, MTT assays, western blots and RT-PCR in L02 cells with overload sphingomyelin (SM). 
MTT assays
Direct toxicity reducing information was obtained at the cellular level including cellular morphology, MTT assays, western blots and RT-PCR in L02 cells with overload sphingomyelin (SM). 
Western blots
Direct toxicity reducing information was obtained at the cellular level including cellular morphology, MTT assays, western blots and RT-PCR in L02 cells with overload sphingomyelin (SM). 
RT-PCR
The synergistic effect was investigated through histological examinations, mesenteric hemorheology, ELISA, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.



ELISA
The synergistic effect was investigated through histological examinations, mesenteric hemorheology, ELISA, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.



Flow cytometry
The synergistic effect was investigated through histological examinations, mesenteric hemorheology, ELISA, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.



Confocal microscopy