Effect of the immune responses induced by implants in a integrated three-dimensional micro-nano topography on osseointegration.In order to explore the abilities of an integrated three-dimensional micro-nano topography in immunomodulation and promoting bone formation, present study focuses on the titanium sheets used in the micro-nano topography by treating them with the sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA)and alkaline thermal reaction.  These results showed that the micro-nano topography constructed through SLA and alkaline thermal treatment improved the hydrophilicity and promoted the cell proliferation. 
THERM