Stool samples were cultured for C. difficile and underwent microbial characterization and functional gene analysis using shotgun metagenomics. 
shotgun metagenomics
C. difficile isolates were characterized through ribotyping, whole genome sequencing, metabolic pathway analysis, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations.



whole genome sequencing
C. difficile isolates were characterized through ribotyping, whole genome sequencing, metabolic pathway analysis, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations.



minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations