Thermal analysis confirmed that GEF/CCS/PF/PLGA NPs were present in an amorphous form.  Drug release tests showed that GEF/CCS/PF/PLGA NPs have a pH-responsive prolonged release manner with limited drug release at low gastric pH. Furthermore, the mucoadhesive property, intestinal distribution, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity of CCS/PF/PLGA NPs were also tested. 
THERM