Drilling- and withdrawing-related thermal effects of implant site preparation for ceramic and stainless steel twist drills in standardized bovine bone.INTRODUCTION
 As thermal injury to the bone is not only dependent on the amount of generated heat but also on the tissue exposure time, and the greatest temperature increase was found within the withdrawing period, the entire osteotomy procedure with the parameters contributing to thermal damage is of particular clinical relevance.  The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal performance of metal-based and ceramic implant drills regarding the temperature exposure time during the whole osteotomy process.


 Considering these findings and the resulting thermal bone damage due to the whole surgical procedure, high overall temperatures in combination with a prolonged heat exposure time may impact the future osseointegration process.
THERM