Application of TVD-Net for sagittal alignment and instability measurements in cervical spine radiographs.BACKGROUND

TVD-Net
We introduce the transformer-embedded residual network (ResNet) as the network's core to automatically identify vertebral landmarks on digital and film-transformed cervical radiographs, and simultaneously measure the segmental Cobb angle and horizontal displacement. 
ResNet
A Transformer Module was embedded into the latent space to extract the relationship between different vertebrae. 
Transformer Module
Then a Rotating Attention Module was integrated between the encoder-decoder pairs to highlight the key points and maintain more details. 
Rotating Attention Module
Finally, a Vector Loss Module was proposed to restrain the orientation of the adjacent vertebra to reduce misdetection. 
Vector Loss Module