Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy with the Newly Developed KangDuo Surgical Robot Versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System: A Double-center Prospective Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial.BACKGROUND
 The KangDuo surgical robot (KD-SR) was recently developed in China.


 OBJECTIVE
 To compare the safety and efficacy of the KD-SR versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System (DV-SS-Si) for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).


 DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
 A double-center prospective randomized controlled noninferiority trial of patients aged 18-75 yr with a suspicion of T1a N0M0 renal cancer (RENAL nephrometry score ≤9) was conducted.


 OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
 The primary endpoint was the success rate of operation.  The operation was successful if (1) there was no open or laparoscopic conversion, (2) the warm ischemia time was <30 min for RENAL nephrometry scores of 4-6 or 40 min for RENAL nephrometry scores of 7-9, and (3) the pathological margin was negative.  The secondary endpoint was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).  From September 2020 to March 2021, 100 participants were enrolled, of whom 99 (49 in the KD-SR group and 50 in the DV-SS-Si group) were finally included in the full analysis set and 98 (49 in the KD-SR group and -49 in the DV-SS-Si group) in the per-protocol set.  Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups.  All surgeries were completed successfully.  The docking time and suture time per stitch were longer in the KD-SR group.  The main limitation was that a negative margin was considered as the primary outcome rather than survival.


 CONCLUSIONS
 The KD-SR achieved noninferior outcomes as compared with the DV-SS-Si regarding safety and efficacy for T1a tumors.


 The first trial comparing the KangDuo surgical robot (KD-SR) versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy showed that the KD-SR is a viable option for minimally invasive treatment of T1a renal tumors.
C
Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy with the Newly Developed KangDuo Surgical Robot Versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System: A Double-center Prospective Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial.BACKGROUND
 To compare the safety and efficacy of the KD-SR versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System (DV-SS-Si) for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).


 The first trial comparing the KangDuo surgical robot (KD-SR) versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy showed that the KD-SR is a viable option for minimally invasive treatment of T1a renal tumors.
da Vinci Si Surgical System
Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy with the Newly Developed KangDuo Surgical Robot Versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System: A Double-center Prospective Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial.BACKGROUND
 The KangDuo surgical robot (KD-SR) was recently developed in China.


 The first trial comparing the KangDuo surgical robot (KD-SR) versus the da Vinci Si Surgical System for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy showed that the KD-SR is a viable option for minimally invasive treatment of T1a renal tumors.
KangDuo surgical robot