The method integrates design software (SolidWorks 2023), simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics), and MATLAB. 
SolidWorks 2023
The method integrates design software (SolidWorks 2023), simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics), and MATLAB. 
COMSOL Multiphysics
The method integrates design software (SolidWorks 2023), simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics), and MATLAB. 
MATLAB
This expansion in the operational range was achieved without compromising measurement accuracy, as all error values for the working range of 0-16 (mm) (NSGA-II with a maximum final relative error of 2.22% and NSGA-III with 2.44%) remained below the imposed 3% limit.  This research introduces a new concept in LVDT optimization, capitalizing on the combined power of NSGA-II and NSGA-III algorithms. 
NSGA-II
This expansion in the operational range was achieved without compromising measurement accuracy, as all error values for the working range of 0-16 (mm) (NSGA-II with a maximum final relative error of 2.22% and NSGA-III with 2.44%) remained below the imposed 3% limit.  This research introduces a new concept in LVDT optimization, capitalizing on the combined power of NSGA-II and NSGA-III algorithms. 
NSGA-III