An optothermally generated surface bubble and its applications.Under laser illumination, a solid-state surface or nanostructure can turn into a micro/nano heating source with the so-called optothermal effect.  The high temperature and the fluid flow associated with the optothermally generated surface bubble enable many intriguing applications, ranging from the micro/nano-manipulation of fluids, particles, cells, and light to the synthesis of micro/nano-structures under ambient conditions. 
THERM