Expression of TGF-β1, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) UCA1 and hexokinase 2 (HXK2) in those tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. 
qRT-PCR
TGF-β1, UCA1, and HXK2 overexpression hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were established, and the effects on cell proliferation were detected by the CCK-8 assay. 
CCK-8 assay
Interactions between TGF-β1, UCA1, and HXK2 were explored by Western blot. 
Western blot
Effects of TGF-β1 on lactate production, glucose uptake, and ATP production were detected by lactate assay, glucose uptake assay, and ATP assay.



lactate assay
Effects of TGF-β1 on lactate production, glucose uptake, and ATP production were detected by lactate assay, glucose uptake assay, and ATP assay.



glucose uptake assay
Effects of TGF-β1 on lactate production, glucose uptake, and ATP production were detected by lactate assay, glucose uptake assay, and ATP assay.



ATP assay