Biomarkerless targeting and photothermal cancer cell killing by surface-electrically-charged superparamagnetic Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles.A major challenge in cancer therapy is localized targeting of cancer cells for maximum therapeutic effectiveness.  Upon electrical-charge-mediated Fe3O4 nanoparticle binding onto cancer cells, irradiation by using an 808 nm laser is subsequently applied to induce photothermal hyperthermia that kills the cancer cells directly. 
THERM