The immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides arabinogalactan (ARAGAL), galactomannan (GMPOLY), and xyloglucan (XGJ), as well as their oxovanadium (IV/V) complexes (ARAGAL:VO, GMPOLY:VO, and XGJ:VO) were evaluated on peritoneal macrophages.  At 25 μg/mL of GMPOLY:VO and of XGJ:VO, and 10 μg/mL of ARAGAL:VO, nitric oxide (NO) production by the macrophages was not altered compared with the control group.  ARAGAL:VO 10 μg/mL, GMPOLY:VO and XGJ:VO 25 μg/mL led to an increase of 562%, 1054%, and 523% for IL-1β, respectively.  For IL-6 at the same concentration, the levels increased by 539% and 794% for ARAGAL:VO and GMPOLY:VO, respectively.  XGJ:VO showed the lowest IC50 value (6.2 μg/mL; 0.07 μg/mL of vanadium), which for ARAGAL:VO was 6.5 μg/mL (0.21 μg/mL of vanadium) and 7.3 μg/mL (0.06 μg/mL of vanadium) for GMPOLY:VO. 
ARAGAL
The immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides arabinogalactan (ARAGAL), galactomannan (GMPOLY), and xyloglucan (XGJ), as well as their oxovanadium (IV/V) complexes (ARAGAL:VO, GMPOLY:VO, and XGJ:VO) were evaluated on peritoneal macrophages.  At 25 μg/mL of GMPOLY:VO and of XGJ:VO, and 10 μg/mL of ARAGAL:VO, nitric oxide (NO) production by the macrophages was not altered compared with the control group.  ARAGAL:VO 10 μg/mL, GMPOLY:VO and XGJ:VO 25 μg/mL led to an increase of 562%, 1054%, and 523% for IL-1β, respectively.  For IL-6 at the same concentration, the levels increased by 539% and 794% for ARAGAL:VO and GMPOLY:VO, respectively.  XGJ:VO showed the lowest IC50 value (6.2 μg/mL; 0.07 μg/mL of vanadium), which for ARAGAL:VO was 6.5 μg/mL (0.21 μg/mL of vanadium) and 7.3 μg/mL (0.06 μg/mL of vanadium) for GMPOLY:VO. 
GMPOLY
The immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides arabinogalactan (ARAGAL), galactomannan (GMPOLY), and xyloglucan (XGJ), as well as their oxovanadium (IV/V) complexes (ARAGAL:VO, GMPOLY:VO, and XGJ:VO) were evaluated on peritoneal macrophages.  At 25 μg/mL of GMPOLY:VO and of XGJ:VO, and 10 μg/mL of ARAGAL:VO, nitric oxide (NO) production by the macrophages was not altered compared with the control group.  ARAGAL:VO 10 μg/mL, GMPOLY:VO and XGJ:VO 25 μg/mL led to an increase of 562%, 1054%, and 523% for IL-1β, respectively.  XGJ:VO showed the lowest IC50 value (6.2 μg/mL; 0.07 μg/mL of vanadium), which for ARAGAL:VO was 6.5 μg/mL (0.21 μg/mL of vanadium) and 7.3 μg/mL (0.06 μg/mL of vanadium) for GMPOLY:VO. 
XGJ
The immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides arabinogalactan (ARAGAL), galactomannan (GMPOLY), and xyloglucan (XGJ), as well as their oxovanadium (IV/V) complexes (ARAGAL:VO, GMPOLY:VO, and XGJ:VO) were evaluated on peritoneal macrophages.  At 25 μg/mL of GMPOLY:VO and of XGJ:VO, and 10 μg/mL of ARAGAL:VO, nitric oxide (NO) production by the macrophages was not altered compared with the control group.  ARAGAL:VO 10 μg/mL, GMPOLY:VO and XGJ:VO 25 μg/mL led to an increase of 562%, 1054%, and 523% for IL-1β, respectively.  For IL-6 at the same concentration, the levels increased by 539% and 794% for ARAGAL:VO and GMPOLY:VO, respectively.  XGJ:VO showed the lowest IC50 value (6.2 μg/mL; 0.07 μg/mL of vanadium), which for ARAGAL:VO was 6.5 μg/mL (0.21 μg/mL of vanadium) and 7.3 μg/mL (0.06 μg/mL of vanadium) for GMPOLY:VO. 
ARAGAL:VO
The immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides arabinogalactan (ARAGAL), galactomannan (GMPOLY), and xyloglucan (XGJ), as well as their oxovanadium (IV/V) complexes (ARAGAL:VO, GMPOLY:VO, and XGJ:VO) were evaluated on peritoneal macrophages.  At 25 μg/mL of GMPOLY:VO and of XGJ:VO, and 10 μg/mL of ARAGAL:VO, nitric oxide (NO) production by the macrophages was not altered compared with the control group.  ARAGAL:VO 10 μg/mL, GMPOLY:VO and XGJ:VO 25 μg/mL led to an increase of 562%, 1054%, and 523% for IL-1β, respectively.  For IL-6 at the same concentration, the levels increased by 539% and 794% for ARAGAL:VO and GMPOLY:VO, respectively.  XGJ:VO showed the lowest IC50 value (6.2 μg/mL; 0.07 μg/mL of vanadium), which for ARAGAL:VO was 6.5 μg/mL (0.21 μg/mL of vanadium) and 7.3 μg/mL (0.06 μg/mL of vanadium) for GMPOLY:VO. 
GMPOLY:VO
The immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharides arabinogalactan (ARAGAL), galactomannan (GMPOLY), and xyloglucan (XGJ), as well as their oxovanadium (IV/V) complexes (ARAGAL:VO, GMPOLY:VO, and XGJ:VO) were evaluated on peritoneal macrophages.  At 25 μg/mL of GMPOLY:VO and of XGJ:VO, and 10 μg/mL of ARAGAL:VO, nitric oxide (NO) production by the macrophages was not altered compared with the control group.  ARAGAL:VO 10 μg/mL, GMPOLY:VO and XGJ:VO 25 μg/mL led to an increase of 562%, 1054%, and 523% for IL-1β, respectively.  XGJ:VO showed the lowest IC50 value (6.2 μg/mL; 0.07 μg/mL of vanadium), which for ARAGAL:VO was 6.5 μg/mL (0.21 μg/mL of vanadium) and 7.3 μg/mL (0.06 μg/mL of vanadium) for GMPOLY:VO. 
XGJ:VO