Density functional theory study of new azo dyes with different π-spacers for dye-sensitized solar cells.Some of new azo-based metal-free dyes with different π-conjugation spacers, such as carbazole, fluorene, pyrrole, thiophene, furan and thiazole, have been investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. 
Density functional theory
Density functional theory study of new azo dyes with different π-spacers for dye-sensitized solar cells.Some of new azo-based metal-free dyes with different π-conjugation spacers, such as carbazole, fluorene, pyrrole, thiophene, furan and thiazole, have been investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. 
time-dependent DFT (TDDFT)
Density functional theory study of new azo dyes with different π-spacers for dye-sensitized solar cells.Some of new azo-based metal-free dyes with different π-conjugation spacers, such as carbazole, fluorene, pyrrole, thiophene, furan and thiazole, have been investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. 
density functional theory (DFT)