We conducted a blinded web-based survey to collect claims data from emergency providers and billing companies. 
web-based survey
Impact of the balance billing ban on California emergency providers.INTRODUCTION
 The objective of this study was to examine reimbursement trends for emergency provider professional services following the balance billing ban in California.


 We used a convenience sample of claims to determine payment rates before and after the balance billing ban.


 We examined a total of 55,243 claims to determine the percentage of charges paid before and after the balance billing ban took effect on October 15, 2008.  The overall reduction in percentage of charges paid was 13% in the first year and 19% in the second year following the balance billing ban. 
the balance billing ban