Structural studies of a related aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme, ANT(3″)(9), revealed this enzyme contains dynamic, disordered, and well-defined segments that modulate thermodynamically before and after antibiotic binding.  These observations support previous claims that ANT aminoglycoside sub-class promiscuity is not solely due to binding cleft size, or inherent partial disorder, but can be controlled by ligand modulation on distinct dynamic and thermodynamic properties of ANTs under cellular conditions. 
THERM