Expression of uPA, PAI-1, and PPAR-γ levels and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation were measured by Western blot in cell lysates. 
Western blot
Messenger ribonucleic acid of uPA and PAI-1 was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 
quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Levels of interleukin-6, angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], placenta growth factor [PlGF]) and antiangiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 [sFlt-1], soluble endoglin [sEng]) were measured in the media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. 
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits
Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance with a Duncan's post-hoc test.



analysis of variance with a Duncan's post-hoc test