TNFα, IL-6, nitrite and PGE2 production was determined with ELISA, Griess assay and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. 
ELISA
TNFα, IL-6, nitrite and PGE2 production was determined with ELISA, Griess assay and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. 
Griess assay
TNFα, IL-6, nitrite and PGE2 production was determined with ELISA, Griess assay and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. 
enzyme immunoassay
iNOS, COX-2, phospho-p65, phospho-IκBα, phospho-IKKα, phospho-p38, phospho-MK2, phosopho-MKK3/6 and TRAF-6 were determined by western blot analysis. 
western blot analysis
NF-κB activity was also investigated using a reporter gene assay in HEK293 cells. 
reporter gene assay
LPS-induced microglia ROS production was tested using the DCFDA method, while HO-1 and Nrf2 activation was determined with western blot.



DCFDA method