Early responses of human pulp to Prime&Bond/phosphoric acid, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond and Dycal were investigated ex vivo.


 Extended apoptosis was caused mostly by the Clearfil SE and Prime&Bond. 
Prime&Bond
Early responses of human pulp to Prime&Bond/phosphoric acid, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond and Dycal were investigated ex vivo.



Clearfil SE Bond
Early responses of human pulp to Prime&Bond/phosphoric acid, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond and Dycal were investigated ex vivo.



Clearfil S3 Bond
Early responses of human pulp to Prime&Bond/phosphoric acid, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond and Dycal were investigated ex vivo.


 The three adhesives, Dycal or buffer (DPBS) were applied directly onto the pulp of human teeth slices that were placed in culture for 4 days.  Profound reduction of cell viability and tissue integrity was observed in adhesive-treated groups, while the impact of Dycal was found to be less harmful. 
Dycal