Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography were employed to investigate the resulting materials. 
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography were employed to investigate the resulting materials. 
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography were employed to investigate the resulting materials. 
size exclusion chromatography
Agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to record the interaction of the cationic oligomer and plasmid DNA. 
Agarose gel electrophoresis
Agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to record the interaction of the cationic oligomer and plasmid DNA. 
atomic force microscopy
Agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to record the interaction of the cationic oligomer and plasmid DNA. 
circular dichroism spectroscopy