Analyses were carried out in SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). 
SPSS
Analyses were carried out in SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). 
SPSS Inc.
Analyses were carried out in SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). 
Chicago
Children and adolescents who had vertical perithalamic hemispherotomy at the Medical University Wien (MUW) paediatric epilepsy centre were identified from a prospectively maintained database.  The language quotients (LQ) prior to surgery and at last follow-up were calculated for each child.  In addition, associations between pre- to post-surgical changes in LQ and the following variables were examined: age at epilepsy-onset, age at surgery and duration of epilepsy prior to surgery, aetiology, side of surgery, interictal EEG including sleep organization before and 12 months after surgery and antiepileptic-drug (AED) withdrawal state at last follow-up.  Analyses were carried out in SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).  Nonparametric Wilcoxon and chi-square tests were applied, as required.


 Data from 28 children (14 female) were analyzed.  The median age at epilepsy surgery was 64.5 months.  Significant gains in LQs at last follow-up were found in 31% of the children (p=0.008).  Short disease duration prior to surgery, acquired pathology, lack of epileptiform EEG discharges in the contralateral hemisphere and/or normalization of EEG sleep patterns after surgery, and successful AED withdrawal were linked to favourable language outcomes.



IL
Analyses were carried out in SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). 
USA