Phytochemical analysis of PC-EEF was performed by spectrophotometry and HPLC. 
HPLC
MTT analysis and trypan blue exclusion assay were adopted to examine its cytotoxicity on a panel of leukemia cells (K562, U937, HL-60 and K562/DOX cells) and non-cancerous cells (human PBMCs). 
MTT analysis
MTT analysis and trypan blue exclusion assay were adopted to examine its cytotoxicity on a panel of leukemia cells (K562, U937, HL-60 and K562/DOX cells) and non-cancerous cells (human PBMCs). 
trypan blue exclusion assay
Ultrastructural alterations on K562 cell membrane surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy. 
scanning electron microscopy
Changes on plasma membrane integrity, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. 
flow cytometry
Fluorescence microscope was performed to assess [Ca(2+)]i level, mitochondrial injury and cytochrome c release. 
fluorescence microscope