DT-13, a saponin monomer of dwarf lilyturf tuber, induces autophagy and potentiates anti-cancer effect of nutrient deprivation.Metabolic stress induces autophagy as a protective mechanism in tumorigenesis and development.  DT-13, the saponin monomer 13 of the Dwarf lilyturf tuber, inhibited tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in previous studies.  However, there is scarcity of data regarding the effect of DT-13 on autophagy process.  Here, we demonstrated that DT-13 induced autophagy in human cancer cell lines and caused significant cell apoptosis under nutrient starvation.  We firstly showed that DT-13 increased the accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta and induced the expression of LC3-II in a dose- and time-dependent manner.  DT-13 also upregulated the expression of Beclin-1, Atg-3 and Atg-7, and induced autophagic flux in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.  We next found that low-toxic concentrations of DT-13 significantly induced apoptosis under nutrient deprivation.  We finally demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway was involved in the cytotoxic effect of DT-13.  Our data indicated that DT-13 was a novel autophagy inducer and might be considered in future treatment of cancer.
DT-13
DT-13, a saponin monomer of dwarf lilyturf tuber, induces autophagy and potentiates anti-cancer effect of nutrient deprivation.Metabolic stress induces autophagy as a protective mechanism in tumorigenesis and development.  DT-13, the saponin monomer 13 of the Dwarf lilyturf tuber, inhibited tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in previous studies.  However, there is scarcity of data regarding the effect of DT-13 on autophagy process.  Here, we demonstrated that DT-13 induced autophagy in human cancer cell lines and caused significant cell apoptosis under nutrient starvation.  We firstly showed that DT-13 increased the accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta and induced the expression of LC3-II in a dose- and time-dependent manner.  DT-13 also upregulated the expression of Beclin-1, Atg-3 and Atg-7, and induced autophagic flux in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.  We next found that low-toxic concentrations of DT-13 significantly induced apoptosis under nutrient deprivation.  We finally demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway was involved in the cytotoxic effect of DT-13.  Our data indicated that DT-13 was a novel autophagy inducer and might be considered in future treatment of cancer.
DT-13
DT-13, a saponin monomer of dwarf lilyturf tuber, induces autophagy and potentiates anti-cancer effect of nutrient deprivation.Metabolic stress induces autophagy as a protective mechanism in tumorigenesis and development.  DT-13, the saponin monomer 13 of the Dwarf lilyturf tuber, inhibited tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in previous studies.  However, there is scarcity of data regarding the effect of DT-13 on autophagy process.  Here, we demonstrated that DT-13 induced autophagy in human cancer cell lines and caused significant cell apoptosis under nutrient starvation.  We firstly showed that DT-13 increased the accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta and induced the expression of LC3-II in a dose- and time-dependent manner.  DT-13 also upregulated the expression of Beclin-1, Atg-3 and Atg-7, and induced autophagic flux in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.  We next found that low-toxic concentrations of DT-13 significantly induced apoptosis under nutrient deprivation.  We finally demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway was involved in the cytotoxic effect of DT-13.  Our data indicated that DT-13 was a novel autophagy inducer and might be considered in future treatment of cancer.
DT-13
DT-13, a saponin monomer of dwarf lilyturf tuber, induces autophagy and potentiates anti-cancer effect of nutrient deprivation.Metabolic stress induces autophagy as a protective mechanism in tumorigenesis and development.  DT-13, the saponin monomer 13 of the Dwarf lilyturf tuber, inhibited tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in previous studies.  However, there is scarcity of data regarding the effect of DT-13 on autophagy process.  Here, we demonstrated that DT-13 induced autophagy in human cancer cell lines and caused significant cell apoptosis under nutrient starvation.  We firstly showed that DT-13 increased the accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta and induced the expression of LC3-II in a dose- and time-dependent manner.  DT-13 also upregulated the expression of Beclin-1, Atg-3 and Atg-7, and induced autophagic flux in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.  We next found that low-toxic concentrations of DT-13 significantly induced apoptosis under nutrient deprivation.  We finally demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway was involved in the cytotoxic effect of DT-13.  Our data indicated that DT-13 was a novel autophagy inducer and might be considered in future treatment of cancer.
DT-13
DT-13, a saponin monomer of dwarf lilyturf tuber, induces autophagy and potentiates anti-cancer effect of nutrient deprivation.Metabolic stress induces autophagy as a protective mechanism in tumorigenesis and development.  DT-13, the saponin monomer 13 of the Dwarf lilyturf tuber, inhibited tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in previous studies.  However, there is scarcity of data regarding the effect of DT-13 on autophagy process.  Here, we demonstrated that DT-13 induced autophagy in human cancer cell lines and caused significant cell apoptosis under nutrient starvation.  We firstly showed that DT-13 increased the accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta and induced the expression of LC3-II in a dose- and time-dependent manner.  DT-13 also upregulated the expression of Beclin-1, Atg-3 and Atg-7, and induced autophagic flux in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.  We next found that low-toxic concentrations of DT-13 significantly induced apoptosis under nutrient deprivation.  We finally demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway was involved in the cytotoxic effect of DT-13.  Our data indicated that DT-13 was a novel autophagy inducer and might be considered in future treatment of cancer.
DT-13