Monte Carlo and other simulation models were used to determine the effect of differential rates of early pregnancy loss among smokers on the relation between smoking and preeclampsia at ≥20 weeks' gestation.  Monte Carlo simulation yielded a rate ratio for preeclampsia, given smoking of 0.85 (95% confidence interval = 0.73, 0.98). 
Monte Carlo
Monte Carlo and other simulation models were used to determine the effect of differential rates of early pregnancy loss among smokers on the relation between smoking and preeclampsia at ≥20 weeks' gestation. 
simulation models