Screening for markers of frailty and perceived risk of adverse outcomes using the Risk Instrument for Screening in the Community (RISC). Given this, we investigated the prevalence of frailty-associated risk factors and their distribution according to the severity of perceived risk in a cohort of community dwelling older adults, using the Risk Instrument for Screening in the Community (RISC).


 iii) death, within the next year, from one (lowest) to five (highest) using the RISC.  Dividing patients into low-risk (score one or two), medium-risk (score three) and high-risk (score four or five) using the RISC showed that 4.3% were considered high risk of institutionalization, 14.5% for hospitalization, and 2.7% for death, within one year of the assessment.  The RISC now requires validation against adverse outcomes.
RISC
A cohort of 803 community dwelling older adults were scored for frailty by their public health nurse (PHN) using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and for risk of three adverse outcomes: 
Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)
The median Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) was 10 (0) and Barthel Index was 18/20 (6). 
Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS)
The median Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) was 10 (0) and Barthel Index was 18/20 (6).  There were significant differences in median CFS (4/9 versus 6/9 versus 6/9, p < 0.001), Barthel Index (18/20 versus 11/20 versus 14/20, p < 0.001) and mean AMTS scores (9.51 versus 7.57 versus 7.00, p < 0.001) between those considered low, medium and high risk of institutionalisation respectively. 
Barthel Index