Numerous academic studies have attempted to alert the authorities as to the unwanted side effects of this kind of measure. In 2013, for example, the sociologist Thierry Brenac demonstrated that if urban development plans are based purely on an idea of economic attractiveness,
El estudio sociológico de Brenac de 2013, « Centres-villes aménagés pour les piétons : développement durable ou marketing urbain et tri social ? »
Nel suo studio sociologico Centres-villes aménagés pour les piétons : développement durable ou marketing urbain et tri social ?