<p><strong>tl;dr:</strong> While #JamesK says you can't, I'm pretty confident you can do it with a camera lens or telescope with a large aperture (10 to 15 cm) as long as it's pointed in the correct direction and moving to track the star during your exposure.</p>
<hr />
<p>Stars will be unresolved and so their apparent size will be determined by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy_disk" rel="nofollow noreferrer">diffraction</a>  and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_seeing" rel="nofollow noreferrer">astronomical seeing</a>.</p>
<h3>Visible light</h3>
<p>In arc seconds those are about 0.024 <span class="math-container">$\lambda \text{ (nm)} / d \text{ (cm)}$</span>, and 1, respectively. Visually at 550 nm that works out to about a 6 inch (15 cm) aperture for them to be equal.</p>
<p>Daytime sky brightness of one square arcsecond <a href="https://vanderbei.princeton.edu/SUTU/2010Oct20.shtml" rel="nofollow noreferrer">is estimated</a> to be about +3 magnitude, <strong>so if you can resolve that with telescope aperture of 15 centimeters then the very brightest stars and planets should be visible if your telescope is already pointing right at it.</strong></p>
<p>It is going to be exceedingly difficult if not impossible to do it with your eye in daylight. Even if you put in eyedrops to dilate your pupil to 0.6 cm and use some kind of skinny tube and a black cloth to wrap your head to view only a tiny bit of sky, your eye will resolve an area of about 500 square arc seconds which now has a brightness of -3 magnitude.</p>
<p>In this case, in visible light, Venus is your only shot.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/23271/7982">How (the heck) was this photo of Venus at inferior conjunction (between us and the Sun) taken?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/40362/7982">Is it possible to do planet observation during the day?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/38504/7982">Can an average person see stars from the bottom of a well or through cardboard tubes? Definitive answer required!</a></li>
<li><a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/33797/7982">Venus&#39; magnitude during inferior conjunction</a></li>
<li><a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/36232/7982">Can you see the difference with the naked eye whether Venus is at the other side of the Sun or at the Earths&#39; side?</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Near infrared (NIR)</h3>
<p>This is going to be some amount of work. There are various bands of atmospheric transparency, but your hardware needs to change to use them.</p>
<p>For near infrared (NIR) you have to get an image sensor where the IR filter has been removed (e.g. <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-noir-camera-v2/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Raspberry Pi NoIR camera module</a>) or remove it yourself. There are various tutorials, but note these are irreversible and somewhat destructive so do it on a throwaway camera.</p>
<p>You get modest improvement if you use a NIR camera and filter out the visible light. <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-noir-camera-v2/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Rayleigh scattering</a> that makes the sky blue scales as <span class="math-container">$\lambda^{-4}$</span> so if your average wavelength is now 900 nm instead of 550 nm the sky is roughly 7 times dimmer. Not a huge help, you'll still need a telescope with some NIR transmission, and of course at the wrong wavelength all the antireflection coatings on the optics become pro-reflection coatings so if you use a big camera lens you may have lens flare issues.</p>
<p>Silicon images sensors with all filters removed can have pretty good quantum efficiency all the way out to the band gap around 1100 nm. However absorption in the silicon charge collecting wells gets increasingly weaker so very thin sensors may not absorb all the light at the longest wavelengths.</p>
<h3>Thermal infrared</h3>
<p>On the other hand, there are thermal IR bands where the sky is fairly transparent and has a temperature of something like 200 Kelvin. If you can find an astronomical object that radiates strongly in the 5 to 15 micron band, <em>you might have more than a snowball's chances in hell</em> to image it.</p>
<p>Of course thermal IR lenses are made of pure, single crystal semiconductors like silicon or germanium rather than glass, so you will have to do quite a bit of work to put this together!</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-21T03:08:22.073Z
2021-09-21T03:28:32.717Z
2021-09-21T03:28:32.717Z
uhoh
<p>You can image <a href="https://www.planetary.org/space-images/jupiter-in-daylight" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Jupiter</a> and Venus in daylight.  You need to know where to point the telescope (as they won't be visible to the eye) so a &quot;goto&quot; system is useful.</p>
<p>You won't be able to image the day sky as the night sky at any easily accessible wavelength.  Just putting a red filter won't work, light at all wavelengths is scattered, making the stars invisible at visible wavelengths.  And the atmosphere absorbs infra-red, so this isn't an option.</p>
<p>If you do have a <a href="https://public.nrao.edu/telescopes/vla/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">VLA</a> you could do radio images. Not cheap(!)</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-19T07:59:11.823Z
Since the telescope image of Jupiter in daylight also caught Europa (apparent magnitude 5.29 in opposition), it should also be possible to photograph apparently bright stars by this same method.
David Hammen
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-19T08:11:25.580Z
Good point, though I've never seen an image of that.  I suspect it is just rather boring!  A blue field with a single, unresolved fuzzy pale dot.  You can't get wide field "starscapes" this way
James K
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-19T10:49:09.620Z
you have a nice answer to [Is it possible to do planet observation during the day?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/40362/7982) as well. See also answer(s) to [Can an average person see stars from the bottom of a well or through cardboard tubes? Definitive answer required!](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/38504/7982)
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-19T11:01:02.203Z
But what about thermal IR? The daytime sky can be pretty dark, there's no Rayleigh scattering of sunlight and in some bands the atmosphere is fairly transparent. A nearby start with a dust cloud just might be photographable. You'd need special thermal IR imaging optics though.
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-19T11:33:36.840Z
see also [@zephyr's answer to *How (the heck) was this photo of Venus at inferior conjunction (between us and the Sun) taken?*](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/23281/7982)
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-21T14:10:39.597Z
Uhm, what makes you think you cannot see stars during day? You can, even with your naked eye if you use a sufficiently large telescope and point it at a star. It's just a matter of contrast, which is not very good. In our local amateur observatory we can look at stars during day just fine - but there's little point and joy in looking at white dots on a bright-blue background. And due to the scatter and limiting magnitude not very suitable for analytic imaging.
planetmaker
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-19T07:42:11.703Z
2021-09-19T07:42:11.703Z
James K
<p>This is probably going to be a bit of a weird one but here it goes.</p>
<p>I was looking to see what the easiest method would be to photograph the heavens during the day time in such a way that the stars are visible. Are there particular wavelengths or specific kinds of cameras that would be well suited for this task? Perferably on the more inexpensive side.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-09-19T08:18:11.997Z
There is one star that can *only* be photographed during daylight hours....
James K
<photography>
What is the easiest way to photograph stars during daylight hours?
mmiscool
# What is the easiest way to photograph stars during daylight hours?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-09-19)

This is probably going to be a bit of a weird one but here it goes.

I was looking to see what the easiest method would be to photograph the heavens during the day time in such a way that the stars are visible. Are there particular wavelengths or specific kinds of cameras that would be well suited for this task? Perferably on the more inexpensive side.

**Tags:** photography
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: There is one star that can *only* be photographed during daylight hours....  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2021-09-21. Score: 3

**tl;dr:** While #JamesK says you can't, I'm pretty confident you can do it with a camera lens or telescope with a large aperture (10 to 15 cm) as long as it's pointed in the correct direction and moving to track the star during your exposure.

---

Stars will be unresolved and so their apparent size will be determined by [diffraction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy_disk) and [astronomical seeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_seeing).

### Visible light

In arc seconds those are about 0.024 $\lambda \text{ (nm)} / d \text{ (cm)}$, and 1, respectively. Visually at 550 nm that works out to about a 6 inch (15 cm) aperture for them to be equal.

Daytime sky brightness of one square arcsecond [is estimated](https://vanderbei.princeton.edu/SUTU/2010Oct20.shtml) to be about +3 magnitude, **so if you can resolve that with telescope aperture of 15 centimeters then the very brightest stars and planets should be visible if your telescope is already pointing right at it.**

It is going to be exceedingly difficult if not impossible to do it with your eye in daylight. Even if you put in eyedrops to dilate your pupil to 0.6 cm and use some kind of skinny tube and a black cloth to wrap your head to view only a tiny bit of sky, your eye will resolve an area of about 500 square arc seconds which now has a brightness of -3 magnitude.

In this case, in visible light, Venus is your only shot.

* [How (the heck) was this photo of Venus at inferior conjunction (between us and the Sun) taken?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/23271/7982)
* [Is it possible to do planet observation during the day?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/40362/7982)
* [Can an average person see stars from the bottom of a well or through cardboard tubes? Definitive answer required!](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/38504/7982)
* [Venus' magnitude during inferior conjunction](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/33797/7982)
* [Can you see the difference with the naked eye whether Venus is at the other side of the Sun or at the Earths' side?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/36232/7982)

### Near infrared (NIR)

This is going to be some amount of work. There are various bands of atmospheric transparency, but your hardware needs to change to use them.

For near infrared (NIR) you have to get an image sensor where the IR filter has been removed (e.g. [Raspberry Pi NoIR camera module](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-noir-camera-v2/)) or remove it yourself. There are various tutorials, but note these are irreversible and somewhat destructive so do it on a throwaway camera.

You get modest improvement if you use a NIR camera and filter out the visible light. [Rayleigh scattering](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-noir-camera-v2/) that makes the sky blue scales as $\lambda^{-4}$ so if your average wavelength is now 900 nm instead of 550 nm the sky is roughly 7 times dimmer. Not a huge help, you'll still need a telescope with some NIR transmission, and of course at the wrong wavelength all the antireflection coatings on the optics become pro-reflection coatings so if you use a big camera lens you may have lens flare issues.

Silicon images sensors with all filters removed can have pretty good quantum efficiency all the way out to the band gap around 1100 nm. However absorption in the silicon charge collecting wells gets increasingly weaker so very thin sensors may not absorb all the light at the longest wavelengths.

### Thermal infrared

On the other hand, there are thermal IR bands where the sky is fairly transparent and has a temperature of something like 200 Kelvin. If you can find an astronomical object that radiates strongly in the 5 to 15 micron band, *you might have more than a snowball's chances in hell* to image it.

Of course thermal IR lenses are made of pure, single crystal semiconductors like silicon or germanium rather than glass, so you will have to do quite a bit of work to put this together!


---

### Answer by username_1 on 2021-09-19. Score: 2

You can image [Jupiter](https://www.planetary.org/space-images/jupiter-in-daylight) and Venus in daylight. You need to know where to point the telescope (as they won't be visible to the eye) so a "goto" system is useful.

You won't be able to image the day sky as the night sky at any easily accessible wavelength. Just putting a red filter won't work, light at all wavelengths is scattered, making the stars invisible at visible wavelengths. And the atmosphere absorbs infra-red, so this isn't an option.

If you do have a [VLA](https://public.nrao.edu/telescopes/vla/) you could do radio images. Not cheap(!)

> **Comments:**
> **username_3**: Since the telescope image of Jupiter in daylight also caught Europa (apparent magnitude 5.29 in opposition), it should also be possible to photograph apparently bright stars by this same method.  
> **username_1**: Good point, though I've never seen an image of that.  I suspect it is just rather boring!  A blue field with a single, unresolved fuzzy pale dot.  You can't get wide field "starscapes" this way  
> **username_2**: you have a nice answer to [Is it possible to do planet observation during the day?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/40362/7982) as well. See also answer(s) to [Can an average person see stars from the bottom of a well or through cardboard tubes? Definitive answer required!](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/38504/7982)  
> **username_2**: But what about thermal IR? The daytime sky can be pretty dark, there's no Rayleigh scattering of sunlight and in some bands the atmosphere is fairly transparent. A nearby start with a dust cloud just might be photographable. You'd need special thermal IR imaging optics though.  
> **username_2**: see also [@zephyr's answer to *How (the heck) was this photo of Venus at inferior conjunction (between us and the Sun) taken?*](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/23281/7982)  
> **username_4**: Uhm, what makes you think you cannot see stars during day? You can, even with your naked eye if you use a sufficiently large telescope and point it at a star. It's just a matter of contrast, which is not very good. In our local amateur observatory we can look at stars during day just fine - but there's little point and joy in looking at white dots on a bright-blue background. And due to the scatter and limiting magnitude not very suitable for analytic imaging.  

---

