<p><strong>Short answer: There are effects, but probably too small to appear in your graph</strong> (even though it's not clear what scale your graph is).</p>
<p>The orientation of the Earth's poles are generally divided into components of Precession and Nutation.  Precession has a cycle of about 26,000 years, nutation has a much shorter cycle of about 18.6 years.  Precession is the larger of the two (by far), and generally modeled on effects of the Sun and Moon.  Nutation is much smaller, and only has an effect of about 9 arcseconds.</p>
<p>This image shows the combined effects of the two.  The larger circle is due to precession, while the short period wiggles on the larger circle are the nutation effects.</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/QWowz.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/QWowz.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p><strong>But, nutation can be broken down into both Luni-Solar and Planetary components</strong>.  The planetary components are very small, and often ignored.  For example, the IAU has defined and IAU2000A a nutation model including the Sun, Moon, and planetary effects, and IAU2000B a model that only includes the most prominent Sun and Moon effects.</p>
<p>You can see the breakdown in the source code for IAU's <a href="https://www.iausofa.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Standards of Fundamental Astronomy</a> software.  The full implementation is in <a href="https://www.iausofa.org/2021_0512_C/sofa/nut00a.c" rel="nofollow noreferrer">nut00a.c</a>, and the reduced version is in <a href="https://www.iausofa.org/2021_0512_C/sofa/nut00b.c" rel="nofollow noreferrer">nut00b.c</a></p>
<p><strong>The difference between the new models is a few milli-arcseconds</strong>.  As depicted in <a href="http://www.iausofa.org/publications/aas04.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> IAU publication.  So it's not likely any graph displayed at a modern screen resolution would show effects of both precession and planetary nutation at the same time.</p>
<p>Further details are available in (among other sources) <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289753602_The_IAU_2000A_and_IAU_2006_precession-nutation_theories_and_their_implementation" rel="nofollow noreferrer">&quot;THE IAU 2000A AND IAU 2006 PRECESSION-NUTATION THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION&quot;</a></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-02-28T01:43:47.500Z
Greg, should we not add the Chandler wobble to your list?
Michael_1812
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-02-28T14:09:49.130Z
The Chandler Wobble is modeled as part of "polar motion", which is a change of the Earth's axis relative to its crust.  Precession and Nutation are a change of the axis relative to the stars.
Greg Miller
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-03-01T00:34:11.913Z
Greg, with that I agree. Still, if I recompute the Chandler wobble to an inertial frame, I shall render actual variations of the axis in that frame, shall I not? Do you mean that, from the viewpoint of an inertial observer, the Chandler wobble is nonexistent?
Michael_1812
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-03-01T02:42:12.587Z
I can't imagine why you'd think that's my viewpoint.  This question was about obliquity, which are changes relative to the distant stars.  Yes, there are other factors at play, but not relevant to the question.
Greg Miller
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-03-01T21:58:15.373Z
"There are effects, but probably too small to appear in your graph..." Does "effects" mean effects specifically due to other planets? "...even though it's not clear what scale your graph is." the 2nd sentence of the question links to [the original image](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Obliquity_berger_0_to_1000000.png) which shows the tilt oscillating between 22.2° and 24.4°.
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-02-27T22:03:08.820Z
2023-02-27T22:03:08.820Z
Greg Miller
<p>It is said that the earth axis changes its tilt with a period of 41 000 years. So used the image</p>
<p><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Obliquity_berger_0_to_1000000.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Obliquity_berger_0_to_1000000.png</a></p>
<p>removed the grid so it became like this</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/nTUzG.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/nTUzG.png" alt="Axis tilt changes" /></a></p>
<p>Then I used the following script</p>
<pre><code>function rasterwave(imagefile)
    data=imread(imagefile);
    x=[1:size(data,1)]';
    X=repmat(x, 1, size(data,2));
    colsum=sum(data);
    y=sum(data(:, [1:size(data,2)]').*X)./colsum;
    Y=abs(fft(y));
    plot(Y(2:length(Y)/2), '.-')
end
</code></pre>
<p>To extract a spectrum (Frequency and intensity in arbitrary units):</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/DymL5.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/DymL5.png" alt="Spectrum" /></a></p>
<p>It looks like there are two dominant frequencies in the spectrum, or maybe there is one peak followed by a band. Can these frequencies somehow be derived from the orbital periods of other planets?</p>
<p>Update:</p>
<p>Since the original image marks the timescale, it is actually possible to compute a sample rate, and plot the period on the x axis:</p>
<pre><code>function rasterwave(imagefile, max_duration)
    data=imread(imagefile);
    x=[1:size(data,1)]';
    X=repmat(x, 1, size(data,2));
    colsum=sum(data);
    y=sum(data(:, [1:size(data,2)]').*X)./colsum;
    Y=abs(fft(y));
    fs=length(Y)/max_duration;
    f=linspace(0, fs, length(Y));
    plot(1.0./f(2:length(f)/2), Y(2:length(Y)/2), '.-')
end
</code></pre>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/hsKsj.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/hsKsj.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>Now we see the 41 000 year period together with some 53 000 year cycle.</p>

<solar-system>
Periodic motions that affect earth axis tilt
user877329
# Periodic motions that affect earth axis tilt

(Asked by: username_0 on 2023-02-27)

It is said that the earth axis changes its tilt with a period of 41 000 years. So used the image
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Obliquity_berger_0_to_1000000.png
removed the grid so it became like this

Then I used the following script
function rasterwave(imagefile)
    data=imread(imagefile);
    x=[1:size(data,1)]';
    X=repmat(x, 1, size(data,2));
    colsum=sum(data);
    y=sum(data(:, [1:size(data,2)]').*X)./colsum;
    Y=abs(fft(y));
    plot(Y(2:length(Y)/2), '.-')
end

To extract a spectrum (Frequency and intensity in arbitrary units):

It looks like there are two dominant frequencies in the spectrum, or maybe there is one peak followed by a band. Can these frequencies somehow be derived from the orbital periods of other planets?
Update:
Since the original image marks the timescale, it is actually possible to compute a sample rate, and plot the period on the x axis:
function rasterwave(imagefile, max_duration)
    data=imread(imagefile);
    x=[1:size(data,1)]';
    X=repmat(x, 1, size(data,2));
    colsum=sum(data);
    y=sum(data(:, [1:size(data,2)]').*X)./colsum;
    Y=abs(fft(y));
    fs=length(Y)/max_duration;
    f=linspace(0, fs, length(Y));
    plot(1.0./f(2:length(f)/2), Y(2:length(Y)/2), '.-')
end


Now we see the 41 000 year period together with some 53 000 year cycle.

**Tags:** solar-system

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2023-02-27. Score: 2

**Short answer: There are effects, but probably too small to appear in your graph** (even though it's not clear what scale your graph is).

The orientation of the Earth's poles are generally divided into components of Precession and Nutation. Precession has a cycle of about 26,000 years, nutation has a much shorter cycle of about 18.6 years. Precession is the larger of the two (by far), and generally modeled on effects of the Sun and Moon. Nutation is much smaller, and only has an effect of about 9 arcseconds.

This image shows the combined effects of the two. The larger circle is due to precession, while the short period wiggles on the larger circle are the nutation effects.

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/QWowz.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/QWowz.png)

**But, nutation can be broken down into both Luni-Solar and Planetary components**. The planetary components are very small, and often ignored. For example, the IAU has defined and IAU2000A a nutation model including the Sun, Moon, and planetary effects, and IAU2000B a model that only includes the most prominent Sun and Moon effects.

You can see the breakdown in the source code for IAU's [Standards of Fundamental Astronomy](https://www.iausofa.org/) software. The full implementation is in [nut00a.c](https://www.iausofa.org/2021_0512_C/sofa/nut00a.c), and the reduced version is in [nut00b.c](https://www.iausofa.org/2021_0512_C/sofa/nut00b.c)

**The difference between the new models is a few milli-arcseconds**. As depicted in [this](http://www.iausofa.org/publications/aas04.pdf) IAU publication. So it's not likely any graph displayed at a modern screen resolution would show effects of both precession and planetary nutation at the same time.

Further details are available in (among other sources) ["THE IAU 2000A AND IAU 2006 PRECESSION-NUTATION THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289753602_The_IAU_2000A_and_IAU_2006_precession-nutation_theories_and_their_implementation)

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: Greg, should we not add the Chandler wobble to your list?  
> **username_1**: The Chandler Wobble is modeled as part of "polar motion", which is a change of the Earth's axis relative to its crust.  Precession and Nutation are a change of the axis relative to the stars.  
> **username_2**: Greg, with that I agree. Still, if I recompute the Chandler wobble to an inertial frame, I shall render actual variations of the axis in that frame, shall I not? Do you mean that, from the viewpoint of an inertial observer, the Chandler wobble is nonexistent?  
> **username_1**: I can't imagine why you'd think that's my viewpoint.  This question was about obliquity, which are changes relative to the distant stars.  Yes, there are other factors at play, but not relevant to the question.  
> **username_3**: "There are effects, but probably too small to appear in your graph..." Does "effects" mean effects specifically due to other planets? "...even though it's not clear what scale your graph is." the 2nd sentence of the question links to [the original image](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Obliquity_berger_0_to_1000000.png) which shows the tilt oscillating between 22.2° and 24.4°.  

---

