<p>There have been proposals to capture a small (boulder-sized) asteroid into Earth orbit (more or less) as several other answers have discussed. This needs a lot of planning, a big rocket and a great deal of patience, but all of the asteroids being considered already orbit the Sun, and generally are among the relatively small number of asteroids that periodically come close to Earth.</p>

<p>Capturing an extra-solar object like Oumuamua would be <em>much</em> harder. Firstly we'd need to detect it a long time  (decades, ideally) before it gets anywhere near the Sun, which means spotting something that is far away, very dimly illuminated, and coming from a completely unpredictable direction.  We'd want to get to it as quickly as possible, break a lump off if it was too big to redirect as a whole, and then use something, probably nuclear explosives to change the course of the lump enough for it to come close to one of the giant planets, ideally Jupiter. That encounter would have to be arranged so that the planet's gravity deflects our (now slightly radioactive) lump of rock into a closed orbit around the Sun. </p>

<p>Once that is done, the time pressure is off, and we can use less drastic measures (rockets, light-sails,...), over possibly many decades, to steer our target lump, via whatever gravitational slingshots seem useful until it encounters the Earth and Moon at a fairly low relative velocity. Then a combination of more rockets and the Moon's gravity and maybe aero-braking in the upper atmosphere can be used (over several passes if necessary) to actually capture it.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-01-06T23:39:14.323Z
2019-01-06T23:39:14.323Z
Steve Linton
<p>You could look it up :-) .  The basic problem is that it takes a [bleep]-load of energy to force a distant object to <strong>stop</strong> orbiting way out there and fall towards the sun, or to be exact, towards Earth.  It then takes another [bleep]-load of energy to kick it back up to the needed velocity relative to Earth to be able to orbit Earth.  </p>

<p>To some extent, you can reduce the energy required by sending it on a slow spiral, as is more or less done when sending probes to Mars, but that leads to tens of years (at best) waiting for it to arrive.   </p>

<p>If you're thinking of comets in their extreme elliptical orbits, well, same problem, since their path is nowhere near tangent to Earth's orbit. </p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T20:17:20.133Z
2018-11-07T20:17:20.133Z
Carl Witthoft
<p>Every once in a while, we have a celestial body that passes through our solar system. What would be needed to reel one of these in? Not crashing down to Earth, that would be bad, but say into a high earth orbit (above the satellite belt)?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-12-08T05:03:46.113Z
The plan isn't to capture an asteroid to an Earth orbit but to an Earth-Moon trojan point.    It's more stable and if it did veer off-course, there would be both more time to address it and the Earth would still be far away so falling to Earth would be unlikely.
userLTK
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T02:20:33.340Z
Can we assume that it's a small asteroid, something that can be handled with today's propulsion technology? Also, this might be of interest: [What ever happened to the Asteroid Redirect Mission?](https://space.stackexchange.com/q/31746/12102) and some of the links within [Have there been any documented mini-moons since 2006 RH120?](https://space.stackexchange.com/q/16738/12102) as well.
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T12:23:06.270Z
So basically no political will to do it at the moment then.  Probably take a small fleet of rockets to send enough booster rockets out to one to really influence a path.  Wonder how long until we get a "gravity beam" that can snag one? Probably a world-building/SciFi question
CrossRoads
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T14:35:41.397Z
A political will, or a political mandate is definitely required. But if the mass is quite low, then you don't need a "gravity beam". There have already been small sample retrieval missions from asteroids, and there's more going on now. It might make more sense to bring kilogram-sized "chunks" of many asteroids and comets back to orbit rather than one big one.
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T14:38:25.803Z
If you have more questions about space exploration missions, you might consider asking them in [Space Exploration SE](https://space.stackexchange.com/), or just browsing through questions and answers there.
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T14:41:24.580Z
I was thinking more along the lines of the recently reported 'alien probe'  "Oumuamua" that passed thru the solar system  https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=N_niW9aPFtCczwKE6bfwCQ&q=alien+probe+passes+thru+solar+system&btnK=Google+Search&oq=alien+probe+passes+thru+solar+system&gs_l=psy-ab.3..33i299.738.22512..23080...18.0..0.217.6405.3j49j1......0....1..gws-wiz.....0..0j0i10j0i13j0i22i30j33i160j33i22i29i30.fRVZ0RXpq48
CrossRoads
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T14:44:02.947Z
That one is long gone! It would be nearly impossible to get to it and return material by the end of this century using today's technology, but I'm not sure. In fact, that might be an *excellent question* to ask in Space SE; "What would it take, with current technology, to get a sample back to Earth by the end of this century?"
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T14:47:35.790Z
Is there a way to move this whole topic over to Space SE?
CrossRoads
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-11-07T14:53:31.223Z
Not exactly, at least not easily, no. Best way is to ask a new SE question there. You can add a link in that question to this question if you want to refer to it. If the question were flagged as off-topic, it is possible that a moderator might migrate the question, but it is unpredictable if the comments would remain or be cleaned up in the process. I recommend you handle it yourself by asking something new and adding a link here if you think that's relevant. Just ask a somewhat different question, *not the same question*.
uhoh
<asteroids><meteor>
What would it take to capture a passing asteroid or other celestial body into Earth's orbit?
CrossRoads
# What would it take to capture a passing asteroid or other celestial body into Earth's orbit?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2018-11-06)

Every once in a while, we have a celestial body that passes through our solar system. What would be needed to reel one of these in? Not crashing down to Earth, that would be bad, but say into a high earth orbit (above the satellite belt)?

**Tags:** asteroids, meteor
> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: Can we assume that it's a small asteroid, something that can be handled with today's propulsion technology? Also, this might be of interest: [What ever happened to the Asteroid Redirect Mission?](https://space.stackexchange.com/q/31746/12102) and some of the links within [Have there been any documented mini-moons since 2006 RH120?](https://space.stackexchange.com/q/16738/12102) as well.  
> **username_0**: So basically no political will to do it at the moment then.  Probably take a small fleet of rockets to send enough booster rockets out to one to really influence a path.  Wonder how long until we get a "gravity beam" that can snag one? Probably a world-building/SciFi question  
> **username_2**: A political will, or a political mandate is definitely required. But if the mass is quite low, then you don't need a "gravity beam". There have already been small sample retrieval missions from asteroids, and there's more going on now. It might make more sense to bring kilogram-sized "chunks" of many asteroids and comets back to orbit rather than one big one.  
> **username_2**: If you have more questions about space exploration missions, you might consider asking them in [Space Exploration SE](https://space.stackexchange.com/), or just browsing through questions and answers there.  
> **username_0**: I was thinking more along the lines of the recently reported 'alien probe'  "Oumuamua" that passed thru the solar system  https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=N_niW9aPFtCczwKE6bfwCQ&q=alien+probe+passes+thru+solar+system&btnK=Google+Search&oq=alien+probe+passes+thru+solar+system&gs_l=psy-ab.3..33i299.738.22512..23080...18.0..0.217.6405.3j49j1......0....1..gws-wiz.....0..0j0i10j0i13j0i22i30j33i160j33i22i29i30.fRVZ0RXpq48  
> **username_2**: That one is long gone! It would be nearly impossible to get to it and return material by the end of this century using today's technology, but I'm not sure. In fact, that might be an *excellent question* to ask in Space SE; "What would it take, with current technology, to get a sample back to Earth by the end of this century?"  
> **username_0**: Is there a way to move this whole topic over to Space SE?  
> **username_2**: Not exactly, at least not easily, no. Best way is to ask a new SE question there. You can add a link in that question to this question if you want to refer to it. If the question were flagged as off-topic, it is possible that a moderator might migrate the question, but it is unpredictable if the comments would remain or be cleaned up in the process. I recommend you handle it yourself by asking something new and adding a link here if you think that's relevant. Just ask a somewhat different question, *not the same question*.  
> **username_1**: The plan isn't to capture an asteroid to an Earth orbit but to an Earth-Moon trojan point.    It's more stable and if it did veer off-course, there would be both more time to address it and the Earth would still be far away so falling to Earth would be unlikely.  

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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2019-01-06. Score: 2

There have been proposals to capture a small (boulder-sized) asteroid into Earth orbit (more or less) as several other answers have discussed. This needs a lot of planning, a big rocket and a great deal of patience, but all of the asteroids being considered already orbit the Sun, and generally are among the relatively small number of asteroids that periodically come close to Earth.

Capturing an extra-solar object like Oumuamua would be *much* harder. Firstly we'd need to detect it a long time (decades, ideally) before it gets anywhere near the Sun, which means spotting something that is far away, very dimly illuminated, and coming from a completely unpredictable direction. We'd want to get to it as quickly as possible, break a lump off if it was too big to redirect as a whole, and then use something, probably nuclear explosives to change the course of the lump enough for it to come close to one of the giant planets, ideally Jupiter. That encounter would have to be arranged so that the planet's gravity deflects our (now slightly radioactive) lump of rock into a closed orbit around the Sun.

Once that is done, the time pressure is off, and we can use less drastic measures (rockets, light-sails,...), over possibly many decades, to steer our target lump, via whatever gravitational slingshots seem useful until it encounters the Earth and Moon at a fairly low relative velocity. Then a combination of more rockets and the Moon's gravity and maybe aero-braking in the upper atmosphere can be used (over several passes if necessary) to actually capture it.


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### Answer by username_4 on 2018-11-07. Score: 1

You could look it up :-) . The basic problem is that it takes a [bleep]-load of energy to force a distant object to **stop** orbiting way out there and fall towards the sun, or to be exact, towards Earth. It then takes another [bleep]-load of energy to kick it back up to the needed velocity relative to Earth to be able to orbit Earth.

To some extent, you can reduce the energy required by sending it on a slow spiral, as is more or less done when sending probes to Mars, but that leads to tens of years (at best) waiting for it to arrive.

If you're thinking of comets in their extreme elliptical orbits, well, same problem, since their path is nowhere near tangent to Earth's orbit.


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