<p>The way not to fall into a black hole is essentially the same as the way not to fall into the Sun.  It's no more dangerous than any other body with the same mass, which is typically a few times the Sun's mass.</p>

<p>The danger of a passing black hole (or other star) is not that it could swallow us but that it could perturb our orbit, with unpredictable effects on climate; as well as stir up the comets of the (hypothetical) Oort Cloud, sending some of them toward the inner planets, with the possibility of an impact that could ruin your whole day.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-08-08T16:20:51.503Z
Greg Egan's short novel *Perihelion Summer* is about the effects (well, one effect) of a black hole passing nearby.
Anton Sherwood
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-28T05:06:23.197Z
2015-10-28T05:06:23.197Z
Anton Sherwood
<p>Massive and thus stable black holes are rare and as dangerous and predictable as any equally massive object. </p>

<p>A small black hole does not last very long (uS) see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation</a>, 1 second for a 100 ton black hole. 1us for a 1Kg black hole.</p>

<p>A 1 million ton (1e9 kg) black hole should last about 32 thousand million years. 
Its event horizon (see <a href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/blkhol.html" rel="nofollow">http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/blkhol.html</a>) is about 100 million times smaller than an atomic radius.
At 1 meter it exerts an attraction of less that 100 th of a g.
It is the equivalent of a cubic kilometer of water. </p>

<p>Nothing stops a moving black hole.  </p>

<p>If it is attracted to the earth from outer space it would pass through and leave within 1200 seconds perhaps taking a few grams of earth with it.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-31T09:17:49.843Z
Your initial statement is interesting. Have you done a calculation to back it up? Ten solar mass black holes have been produced for more than 10 billion years (from more massive stars); ten solar mass stars are rare and short-lived. I think you are wrong. Also can you check your evaporation times, at least one of them is wrong.
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-31T09:27:21.070Z
However, I have downvoted your answer for the suggestion that "nothing stops a moving black hole". A moving black hole is decelerated or accelerated by gravity like any normal object.
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-31T09:41:30.883Z
The evaporation time of a $10^{9}$ kg black hole is 2660 yr. It would be blasting out $3.6\times 10^{14}$ Watts in the form of gamma rays - so would sterilise the Earth as it approached. It is quite unclear how much mass if any could be accreted as it entered the Earth.
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-28T15:25:03.803Z
2015-10-28T15:25:03.803Z
LOIS 16192
<p>When you say "destroy anything in it's path", that's true, but it's also true for a star, even a red-dwarf or white-dwarf star would effectively eat or destroy almost anything in their path.  </p>

<p>It's also worth mentioning that your scenario is very unlikely.  According to this <a href="http://hubblesite.org/explore_astronomy/black_holes/encyc_mod3_q7.html" rel="noreferrer">source</a>, stars outnumber black holes 1,000 to 1 in the Milky way and most of those likely near the center of the Milky way.   There are probably a few stellar black holes within 75 or maybe 100 light years, based on probability and since they would be hard to detect (see Rob jeffries' comment).   But even so, one passing near enough to affect the Earth is very rare.  Story about a star passing within 1 light year of earth <a href="http://www.universetoday.com/119038/a-star-passed-through-the-solar-system-just-70000-years-ago/" rel="noreferrer">here</a>.  </p>

<p>So, onto your question: </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>If such a black hole appears near our solar system, are we going to
  survive? Is there any way not to fall in a black hole?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>It depends how near and how big.   A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" rel="noreferrer">stellar mass</a> black hole, with a mass range of about 3.8 solar masses to maybe 16 solar masses would need to get quite close to cause real problems.</p>

<p>Our Solar system has a very sparse <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud" rel="noreferrer">Oort Cloud</a>, extending perhaps almost 2 light-years and a much more densely packed, but still quite diffuse, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt" rel="noreferrer">Kuiper-belt</a>, mostly about 30-50 AU (less than a thousandth of a light year).   If we assume that a black hole, as much as 16 times the mass of our sun has similar orbital debris at larger orbits, an oort cloud around a 16 stellar mass black hole it could extend several light-years though still likely very diffuse, as well as perhaps a more densely packed asteroid belt and maybe even a few planets in the I dunno, 5-300 AU range or something.</p>

<p>The effect of a close pass gets pretty speculative and depends on the amount of objects in distant orbit around the black hole, but a pass as close as 1 or 2 light-years could increase the chance of a good sized comet or other objects striking Earth.   Not a guarantee at that distance, but an increased chance.  </p>

<p>Now if you get a pass-by of a few hundred AU to maybe 1,000 AU (about 1/50th to 1/100th of a light-year), you begin to get measurable Kuiper belt stirring up.  If the black hole has it's own Kuiper belt equivalent, this could create a significant increase in asteroids and meteors flying around the solar system.   A significant meteor strike on earth at this point becomes a distinct possibility, perhaps even likely and it could be a life killer and ocean evaporator.   </p>

<p>With proper technology, it might be possible to deflect any asteroids on an impact trajectory.   We'd probably observe multiple impacts on other planets too and at this distance, our solar system might even pick up a planet from the black hole if there was one in distant orbit.   </p>

<p>At about 100-200 AU, the black hole has a chance of pulling some of the outer planets out of our solar system.  It could also visibly alter Saturn's or maybe Jupiter's orbits and stir things up in our solar-system pretty good.</p>

<p>That's the most likely effect of a very near pass of either a star or black hole is a stirring up of more distant orbiting objects and a significant increase in the chance of planet killing or at least, dinosaur killing impact, but it needs to be very close.  The article I linked above says that the star that passed within 0.8 light years (about 50,000 AU), some 70,000 years ago didn't measurably increase comet impacts.   </p>

<p>To measurably change the Earth's orbit, maybe 30-50 AU.  About the distance of Uranus or Pluto.   This wouldn't pull the Earth away from the Sun, but it could change the Earth's orbit enough to alter the seasons and change climate on Earth.  An elongation of our orbit could make the seasonal changes bigger and change the length of a year.  The gas giants would all be moved.   If the Earth survives any bombardment from a pass that close, it might quickly enter a new ice age, as one possible outcome, but we might be able to fix that by burning lots of fossil fuels.  :-)</p>

<p>At somewhere around Maybe 12-20 AU, the Earth might get moved too much for us to adapt, perhaps outside of the Goldilocks Zone.  </p>

<p>At somewhere around 5-10 AU (estimates are pretty rough), but this is where things get really interesting.   We begin to see a measurable increase in tides and at this point and we could lose the moon.   The earth could also get pulled outside the solar system, thrown into the sun or captured by and end up in an orbit around the black hole.   We might begin to see a small tidal bulge on the sun from the black hole and a corresponding small increase in solar output, but that might require the black hole to be closer. Not sure.  If the black hole gets close enough to the sun it could stretch the sun somewhat oblong and start to draw some solar gases towards it, but that might be pretty close, maybe 1 or 2 AU.</p>

<p>At maybe 3-6 AU, depending on the relative velocities, the sun might get captured into an fairly close orbit around the black hole, turning our solar-system into a binary and the planets could end up pretty much anywhere in that scenario.</p>

<p>At 1 or maybe 2 AU from Earth, we could see some cracking of the Earth's crust and a big increase in volcanoes and earthquakes.   </p>

<p>Even at 1 AU, the black hole still wouldn't be visible unless it's acquired enough matter to form a bright accretion disk, in which case it might be very bright, but still visibly very small like a super bright star in the sky.   Without an accretion disk the gravitational lensing should be visible by telescope but not to the naked eye.</p>

<p>Much closer than that and it hardly matters.   The Earth's would be largely be re-surfaced with magma and the oceans would probably boil.   All that said, the Earth still isn't being eaten.  To eat the Earth a black hole would need to pass somewhere around maybe 5 or 10 million miles.  Super-close for another stellar object.</p>

<p>I welcome correction if any of my math is broken, but that's my roughly calculated estimate.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/02/q-what-would-happen-if-a-black-hole-passed-through-our-solar-system-2/" rel="noreferrer">article</a> with some of the same conclusions.   </p>

<p>Edit - due to comment above</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>I mean a supermassive black hole, like the one we have in the center
  of Milkyway</p>
</blockquote>

<p>My long answer above is basically gravitational effects when the black hole is in the general vicinity of the solar system.   That kind of very close pass happens very rarely, but the odds of a black hole hitting earth is very slim.  The odds of a black hole passing close enough to our solar-system and stirring things up in an undesirable way, also unlikely but more likely than a black hole actually hitting earth.</p>

<p>The most likely effect is some gravitational swirling (if you will) due to the massive object passing kinda close to the solar system, and as a result, possible impacts, possible orbital changes - stuff that wouldn't be fun, even if it passes outside the orbit of Pluto.</p>

<p>With a super-massive black hole, it's basically the same answers but the distance can be much further out.  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*" rel="noreferrer">Sagittarius A</a> is about 4 million solar masses, compared to a stellar mass black hole which is about 4 to 16 solar masses.   That's 250,000 to a million times bigger, so equivalent gravitational occurs at the square root of that, about 500 to 1,000 times further.</p>

<p>The tidal effects are actually much smaller.   A 4 to 16 stellar mass black hole could fly by at roughly Pluto's orbital distance (30-50 AU) and as it passes, it could pull Jupiter into a very different orbit, perhaps even away from the sun, but a super-massive black hole fling past some 500 times the distance of pluto (about 1/3 to 1/2 light year) would exert the same gravitational tug, but that tug would be much the same across the entire solar system, so the entire solar system could be pulled effectively into orbit around the super-massive black hole without changing shape too much.  It still be visibly very tiny though the gravitational lensing might be visible to the naked eye at that point, but not much bigger than a star.  </p>

<p>The real danger with a super-massive black hole passing within a few light-years of our solar system is the stuff it carries with it.   Super-massive black holes are orbited by stars and presumably all the stuff that generally orbits stars, like planets, moons, asteroids, comets.   All that stuff would approach our solar-system long before the black hole came close and that's the mostly likely answer.  Our solar-system would likely be pelted by orbital debris when the super-massive black hole was still a few light-years away.   I don't think I should try to guess how many but a super-massive black hole would carry with it orbiting debris for several light years.   </p>

<p>My quick and dirty answer to the super-massive question.   You mgiht think a black hole of that size would strip the atmosphere off the earth and stuff like that, but with a super-massive black hole, the tidal forces are much smaller at the event horizon.  The atmospheric striping and earthquakes and other effects don't happen until it's enormously close, at which point the earth would be orbiting around it quite fast, perhaps fast enough that the night sky might visibly appear to spin to the naked eye.  We could get pretty close to it before life on earth became unlivable, provided we're not bombarded by orbiting debris first.  </p>

<p>There could be other effects.  Gamma rays from any matter falling into the black hole or perhaps strong magnetic effects.  More precise predictions gets a bit difficult for me.</p>

<p>That's my layman's attempt at an answer anyway.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-31T09:49:40.393Z
If there are $10^{8}$ BHs in the Galactic disc, (say thickness 500pc, radius 15 kpc), then there is one in every cube of side 15 pc (50 light years). You have misread your cited article - 1600 ly to the nearest *identified* BH.
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-31T22:22:44.293Z
@RobJeffries that's a good point.  I checked 2 sources, the other said 1,000 light years, but It didn't occur to me that one could go unobserved and be quite a bit closer.   I edited the answer.   That said, the galaxy is much more dense in the center, by perhaps a factor of about 100.
userLTK
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-11-01T00:37:20.350Z
OK I'll go with your 1 BH for every 1000 stars. So there are about 3000 stars within 25pc and 3 BHs. Unless a BH is in a binary system how would it be observed?
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-11-01T03:40:53.827Z
Good point I'll edit.
userLTK
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-28T09:21:41.207Z
2015-11-04T12:44:13.013Z
2015-11-04T12:44:13.013Z
userLTK
<p>We know that a black hole possesses immense power and can destroy anything coming in front of its path. If such a black hole appears near our solar system, are we going to survive? Is there any way not to fall into a black hole?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-28T09:15:08.467Z
A blackhole is not something which possesses immense power my friend, but just to start a discussion: how massive (in terms of solar masses) is your black hole?
MichaelJRoberts
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-28T11:04:00.163Z
I mean a supermassive black hole, like the one we have in the center of Milkyway
Kushal Bhuyan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-10-31T03:56:24.690Z
@KprimeX, that's a hugely unlikely scenario, unless the center of Andromeda passes near our solar-system in 4 billion years, but that would be pretty different than the black hole scenario I described below..
userLTK
<solar-system><black-hole>
What will happen if a black hole appears near our solar system?
Kushal Bhuyan
# What will happen if a black hole appears near our solar system?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2015-10-28)

We know that a black hole possesses immense power and can destroy anything coming in front of its path. If such a black hole appears near our solar system, are we going to survive? Is there any way not to fall into a black hole?

**Tags:** solar-system, black-hole
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: A blackhole is not something which possesses immense power my friend, but just to start a discussion: how massive (in terms of solar masses) is your black hole?  
> **username_0**: I mean a supermassive black hole, like the one we have in the center of Milkyway  
> **username_2**: @KprimeX, that's a hugely unlikely scenario, unless the center of Andromeda passes near our solar-system in 4 billion years, but that would be pretty different than the black hole scenario I described below..  

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2015-10-28. Score: 8 | Accepted answer

When you say "destroy anything in it's path", that's true, but it's also true for a star, even a red-dwarf or white-dwarf star would effectively eat or destroy almost anything in their path.

It's also worth mentioning that your scenario is very unlikely. According to this [source](http://hubblesite.org/explore_astronomy/black_holes/encyc_mod3_q7.html), stars outnumber black holes 1,000 to 1 in the Milky way and most of those likely near the center of the Milky way. There are probably a few stellar black holes within 75 or maybe 100 light years, based on probability and since they would be hard to detect (see Rob jeffries' comment). But even so, one passing near enough to affect the Earth is very rare. Story about a star passing within 1 light year of earth [here](http://www.universetoday.com/119038/a-star-passed-through-the-solar-system-just-70000-years-ago/).

So, onto your question:

> If such a black hole appears near our solar system, are we going to
> survive? Is there any way not to fall in a black hole?

It depends how near and how big. A [stellar mass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_black_hole) black hole, with a mass range of about 3.8 solar masses to maybe 16 solar masses would need to get quite close to cause real problems.

Our Solar system has a very sparse [Oort Cloud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud), extending perhaps almost 2 light-years and a much more densely packed, but still quite diffuse, [Kuiper-belt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt), mostly about 30-50 AU (less than a thousandth of a light year). If we assume that a black hole, as much as 16 times the mass of our sun has similar orbital debris at larger orbits, an oort cloud around a 16 stellar mass black hole it could extend several light-years though still likely very diffuse, as well as perhaps a more densely packed asteroid belt and maybe even a few planets in the I dunno, 5-300 AU range or something.

The effect of a close pass gets pretty speculative and depends on the amount of objects in distant orbit around the black hole, but a pass as close as 1 or 2 light-years could increase the chance of a good sized comet or other objects striking Earth. Not a guarantee at that distance, but an increased chance.

Now if you get a pass-by of a few hundred AU to maybe 1,000 AU (about 1/50th to 1/100th of a light-year), you begin to get measurable Kuiper belt stirring up. If the black hole has it's own Kuiper belt equivalent, this could create a significant increase in asteroids and meteors flying around the solar system. A significant meteor strike on earth at this point becomes a distinct possibility, perhaps even likely and it could be a life killer and ocean evaporator.

With proper technology, it might be possible to deflect any asteroids on an impact trajectory. We'd probably observe multiple impacts on other planets too and at this distance, our solar system might even pick up a planet from the black hole if there was one in distant orbit.

At about 100-200 AU, the black hole has a chance of pulling some of the outer planets out of our solar system. It could also visibly alter Saturn's or maybe Jupiter's orbits and stir things up in our solar-system pretty good.

That's the most likely effect of a very near pass of either a star or black hole is a stirring up of more distant orbiting objects and a significant increase in the chance of planet killing or at least, dinosaur killing impact, but it needs to be very close. The article I linked above says that the star that passed within 0.8 light years (about 50,000 AU), some 70,000 years ago didn't measurably increase comet impacts.

To measurably change the Earth's orbit, maybe 30-50 AU. About the distance of Uranus or Pluto. This wouldn't pull the Earth away from the Sun, but it could change the Earth's orbit enough to alter the seasons and change climate on Earth. An elongation of our orbit could make the seasonal changes bigger and change the length of a year. The gas giants would all be moved. If the Earth survives any bombardment from a pass that close, it might quickly enter a new ice age, as one possible outcome, but we might be able to fix that by burning lots of fossil fuels. :-)

At somewhere around Maybe 12-20 AU, the Earth might get moved too much for us to adapt, perhaps outside of the Goldilocks Zone.

At somewhere around 5-10 AU (estimates are pretty rough), but this is where things get really interesting. We begin to see a measurable increase in tides and at this point and we could lose the moon. The earth could also get pulled outside the solar system, thrown into the sun or captured by and end up in an orbit around the black hole. We might begin to see a small tidal bulge on the sun from the black hole and a corresponding small increase in solar output, but that might require the black hole to be closer. Not sure. If the black hole gets close enough to the sun it could stretch the sun somewhat oblong and start to draw some solar gases towards it, but that might be pretty close, maybe 1 or 2 AU.

At maybe 3-6 AU, depending on the relative velocities, the sun might get captured into an fairly close orbit around the black hole, turning our solar-system into a binary and the planets could end up pretty much anywhere in that scenario.

At 1 or maybe 2 AU from Earth, we could see some cracking of the Earth's crust and a big increase in volcanoes and earthquakes.

Even at 1 AU, the black hole still wouldn't be visible unless it's acquired enough matter to form a bright accretion disk, in which case it might be very bright, but still visibly very small like a super bright star in the sky. Without an accretion disk the gravitational lensing should be visible by telescope but not to the naked eye.

Much closer than that and it hardly matters. The Earth's would be largely be re-surfaced with magma and the oceans would probably boil. All that said, the Earth still isn't being eaten. To eat the Earth a black hole would need to pass somewhere around maybe 5 or 10 million miles. Super-close for another stellar object.

I welcome correction if any of my math is broken, but that's my roughly calculated estimate.

[article](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/02/q-what-would-happen-if-a-black-hole-passed-through-our-solar-system-2/) with some of the same conclusions.

Edit - due to comment above

> I mean a supermassive black hole, like the one we have in the center
> of Milkyway

My long answer above is basically gravitational effects when the black hole is in the general vicinity of the solar system. That kind of very close pass happens very rarely, but the odds of a black hole hitting earth is very slim. The odds of a black hole passing close enough to our solar-system and stirring things up in an undesirable way, also unlikely but more likely than a black hole actually hitting earth.

The most likely effect is some gravitational swirling (if you will) due to the massive object passing kinda close to the solar system, and as a result, possible impacts, possible orbital changes - stuff that wouldn't be fun, even if it passes outside the orbit of Pluto.

With a super-massive black hole, it's basically the same answers but the distance can be much further out. [Sagittarius A](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*) is about 4 million solar masses, compared to a stellar mass black hole which is about 4 to 16 solar masses. That's 250,000 to a million times bigger, so equivalent gravitational occurs at the square root of that, about 500 to 1,000 times further.

The tidal effects are actually much smaller. A 4 to 16 stellar mass black hole could fly by at roughly Pluto's orbital distance (30-50 AU) and as it passes, it could pull Jupiter into a very different orbit, perhaps even away from the sun, but a super-massive black hole fling past some 500 times the distance of pluto (about 1/3 to 1/2 light year) would exert the same gravitational tug, but that tug would be much the same across the entire solar system, so the entire solar system could be pulled effectively into orbit around the super-massive black hole without changing shape too much. It still be visibly very tiny though the gravitational lensing might be visible to the naked eye at that point, but not much bigger than a star.

The real danger with a super-massive black hole passing within a few light-years of our solar system is the stuff it carries with it. Super-massive black holes are orbited by stars and presumably all the stuff that generally orbits stars, like planets, moons, asteroids, comets. All that stuff would approach our solar-system long before the black hole came close and that's the mostly likely answer. Our solar-system would likely be pelted by orbital debris when the super-massive black hole was still a few light-years away. I don't think I should try to guess how many but a super-massive black hole would carry with it orbiting debris for several light years.

My quick and dirty answer to the super-massive question. You mgiht think a black hole of that size would strip the atmosphere off the earth and stuff like that, but with a super-massive black hole, the tidal forces are much smaller at the event horizon. The atmospheric striping and earthquakes and other effects don't happen until it's enormously close, at which point the earth would be orbiting around it quite fast, perhaps fast enough that the night sky might visibly appear to spin to the naked eye. We could get pretty close to it before life on earth became unlivable, provided we're not bombarded by orbiting debris first.

There could be other effects. Gamma rays from any matter falling into the black hole or perhaps strong magnetic effects. More precise predictions gets a bit difficult for me.

That's my layman's attempt at an answer anyway.

> **Comments:**
> **username_5**: If there are $10^{8}$ BHs in the Galactic disc, (say thickness 500pc, radius 15 kpc), then there is one in every cube of side 15 pc (50 light years). You have misread your cited article - 1600 ly to the nearest *identified* BH.  
> **username_2**: @RobJeffries that's a good point.  I checked 2 sources, the other said 1,000 light years, but It didn't occur to me that one could go unobserved and be quite a bit closer.   I edited the answer.   That said, the galaxy is much more dense in the center, by perhaps a factor of about 100.  
> **username_5**: OK I'll go with your 1 BH for every 1000 stars. So there are about 3000 stars within 25pc and 3 BHs. Unless a BH is in a binary system how would it be observed?  
> **username_2**: Good point I'll edit.  

---

### Answer by username_3 on 2015-10-28. Score: 7

The way not to fall into a black hole is essentially the same as the way not to fall into the Sun. It's no more dangerous than any other body with the same mass, which is typically a few times the Sun's mass.

The danger of a passing black hole (or other star) is not that it could swallow us but that it could perturb our orbit, with unpredictable effects on climate; as well as stir up the comets of the (hypothetical) Oort Cloud, sending some of them toward the inner planets, with the possibility of an impact that could ruin your whole day.

> **Comments:**
> **username_3**: Greg Egan's short novel *Perihelion Summer* is about the effects (well, one effect) of a black hole passing nearby.  

---

### Answer by username_4 on 2015-10-28. Score: 0

Massive and thus stable black holes are rare and as dangerous and predictable as any equally massive object.

A small black hole does not last very long (uS) see <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation>, 1 second for a 100 ton black hole. 1us for a 1Kg black hole.

A 1 million ton (1e9 kg) black hole should last about 32 thousand million years.
Its event horizon (see <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/blkhol.html>) is about 100 million times smaller than an atomic radius.
At 1 meter it exerts an attraction of less that 100 th of a g.
It is the equivalent of a cubic kilometer of water.

Nothing stops a moving black hole.

If it is attracted to the earth from outer space it would pass through and leave within 1200 seconds perhaps taking a few grams of earth with it.

> **Comments:**
> **username_5**: Your initial statement is interesting. Have you done a calculation to back it up? Ten solar mass black holes have been produced for more than 10 billion years (from more massive stars); ten solar mass stars are rare and short-lived. I think you are wrong. Also can you check your evaporation times, at least one of them is wrong.  
> **username_5**: However, I have downvoted your answer for the suggestion that "nothing stops a moving black hole". A moving black hole is decelerated or accelerated by gravity like any normal object.  
> **username_5**: The evaporation time of a $10^{9}$ kg black hole is 2660 yr. It would be blasting out $3.6\times 10^{14}$ Watts in the form of gamma rays - so would sterilise the Earth as it approached. It is quite unclear how much mass if any could be accreted as it entered the Earth.  

---

