<p>The straight lines you see in the diagram must be coming from extrapolated radius or mass values. Keep in mind that most planets don't have both values simultaneously measured, because their discovery technique is only sensitive to radius (transits) or mass (doppler).  </p>

<p>So what people in those archives often do is assume some mass-radius relationship in order to fill those gaps. I'm 99.9% sure that this is where those perfectly straight lines come from. The other, scattered points are what @astrosnapper's answer refers to.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-09-28T10:12:43.940Z
2018-09-28T10:12:43.940Z
AtmosphericPrisonEscape
<p>What you are seeing is a combination of several things as you move across the diagram from left to right with increasing planet radius. As this diagram <a href="https://i.sstatic.net/CJ3Zx.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/CJ3Zx.png" alt="this version of your diagram"></a> from a <a href="http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/2017/knowthystar/Unterborn_KnowThy.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">talk by Cayman Unterborn</a> at the recent <a href="http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/2017/knowthystar/agenda.shtml" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"Know Thy Star - Know Thy Planet" conference</a> shows, is a transition from rocky (like Mars, Venus, Earth; the 'Ma', 'V' and 'E' on the diagram) exoplanets with increasing density as ~1.5 Earth radii is reached to "Neptune-like" gas giants with increasing amount of a gas envelope, possibly with a denser core. (The size and type of Jupiter's core is not a totally settled question for example and so the wider range of exoplanets could have a wide variety of core properties). There is a lot more information in <a href="https://rockyworlds.wordpress.com/2017/08/05/which-small-exoplanets-are-rocky/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this blog post on 'Which small exoplanets are rocky'</a> which talks about what we can learn about planets in the 0.5 to 4 Earth radius regime.</p>

<p>At higher radii (approximately 11 Earth radii/1 Jupiter radius) what you are seeing is the effect of electron-degeneracy pressure. This causes the radii of exoplanets with a mass of about Jupiter, brown dwarfs up to 80 times the mass of Jupiter and low mass M dwarf stars (with a mass of hundreds of Jupiters) all to have very similar radii but with widely varying densities. This causes the near-vertical line on the right hand side of your plot. This is also what makes it very difficult to know whether you have a star, brown dwarf or a planet if you only a measure of a transiting object's radius (from e.g. Kepler) and don't have a mass measurement (usually from radial velocities) to go with it.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-09-27T17:49:42.760Z
2018-09-27T17:49:42.760Z
astrosnapper
<p>I downloaded the info from NASA exoplanet archive at: <a href="https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&amp;config=compositepars" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&amp;config=compositepars</a></p>
<p>I named the file &quot;NASA.Composite.Planet.Data.csv&quot;. I had to edit the file to remove the header which was preventing the program below from running. (I put the header at the top of the program below)</p>
<p>I then plotted it with Matplotlib using this python (anaconda) program: <a href="https://planet.wikia.com/wiki/User:Granpa/Python_program" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://planet.wikia.com/wiki/User:Granpa/Python_program</a></p>
<p>I got this:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/Ngl5G.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/Ngl5G.png" alt="Exoplanet radius density relation" /></a></p>
<p>Can anyone explain what I am seeing?</p>

<exoplanet>
Exoplanet radius density relation according to NASA exoplanet archive
R. Emery
# Exoplanet radius density relation according to NASA exoplanet archive

(Asked by: username_0 on 2018-09-27)

I downloaded the info from NASA exoplanet archive at: <https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=compositepars>

I named the file "NASA.Composite.Planet.Data.csv". I had to edit the file to remove the header which was preventing the program below from running. (I put the header at the top of the program below)

I then plotted it with Matplotlib using this python (anaconda) program: <https://planet.wikia.com/wiki/User:Granpa/Python_program>

I got this:

[![Exoplanet radius density relation](https://i.sstatic.net/Ngl5G.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/Ngl5G.png)

Can anyone explain what I am seeing?

**Tags:** exoplanet

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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2018-09-28. Score: 0 | Accepted answer

The straight lines you see in the diagram must be coming from extrapolated radius or mass values. Keep in mind that most planets don't have both values simultaneously measured, because their discovery technique is only sensitive to radius (transits) or mass (doppler).

So what people in those archives often do is assume some mass-radius relationship in order to fill those gaps. I'm 99.9% sure that this is where those perfectly straight lines come from. The other, scattered points are what @astrosnapper's answer refers to.


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### Answer by username_2 on 2018-09-27. Score: 3

What you are seeing is a combination of several things as you move across the diagram from left to right with increasing planet radius. As this diagram [![this version of your diagram](https://i.sstatic.net/CJ3Zx.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/CJ3Zx.png) from a [talk by Cayman Unterborn](http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/2017/knowthystar/Unterborn_KnowThy.pdf) at the recent ["Know Thy Star - Know Thy Planet" conference](http://nexsci.caltech.edu/conferences/2017/knowthystar/agenda.shtml) shows, is a transition from rocky (like Mars, Venus, Earth; the 'Ma', 'V' and 'E' on the diagram) exoplanets with increasing density as ~1.5 Earth radii is reached to "Neptune-like" gas giants with increasing amount of a gas envelope, possibly with a denser core. (The size and type of Jupiter's core is not a totally settled question for example and so the wider range of exoplanets could have a wide variety of core properties). There is a lot more information in [this blog post on 'Which small exoplanets are rocky'](https://rockyworlds.wordpress.com/2017/08/05/which-small-exoplanets-are-rocky/) which talks about what we can learn about planets in the 0.5 to 4 Earth radius regime.

At higher radii (approximately 11 Earth radii/1 Jupiter radius) what you are seeing is the effect of electron-degeneracy pressure. This causes the radii of exoplanets with a mass of about Jupiter, brown dwarfs up to 80 times the mass of Jupiter and low mass M dwarf stars (with a mass of hundreds of Jupiters) all to have very similar radii but with widely varying densities. This causes the near-vertical line on the right hand side of your plot. This is also what makes it very difficult to know whether you have a star, brown dwarf or a planet if you only a measure of a transiting object's radius (from e.g. Kepler) and don't have a mass measurement (usually from radial velocities) to go with it.


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