<p><strong>tl;dr:</strong> An observer on the "Moon side" would see only <em>half</em> the phases during the fortnight-long night: from waxing half-moon to waning half-moon. They would also see the Moon during the day (early morning, late afternoon), as we currently can, but they would never see the New Moon or crescent moons <strong>at night</strong> since these would be only visible during the day.</p>

<hr>

<p><strong>Background</strong><br>
While the Earth being tidally locked to the Moon would indeed mean that the side of the Earth facing the Moon always sees the Moon, the <em>phases</em> of the Moon result from the angle between the Earth, the Moon and <strong>the Sun</strong>, and probably wouldn’t change significantly. </p>

<p>The Moon orbits around the Earth-Moon barycentre with an orbital period of 27.3 days and a synodic period (i.e. from Full Moon to Full Moon) of 29.5 days. An observer on the Moon-facing side of the Earth would certainly see the Moon go through its different phases, but it would still take 29.5 days. [For the purposes of this question I'm ignoring the increasing lunar period due to the Moon receding from the Earth.] </p>

<p>As the question notes, one obvious outcome of Earth becoming tidally locked to the Moon is that Earth’s “day” becomes the same as the Moon’s synodic period: 29.5 days. Daylight will last for about 15 days, baking everything other than at the poles. The 360-hour night will be freezing, even in the tropics. Local weather will be utterly different. </p>

<p>Another notable outcome is there will only be really tiny “solar” tides spaced about 15 days apart (due to the Earth’s slow rotation in relation to the Sun). The loss of significant tidal flows would probably have a dramatic negative effect on marine life. </p>

<p>The Earth tidally locked to the Moon is a nightmare scenario!</p>

<p><strong>The core question</strong></p>

<blockquote>
  <p>So standing on the "lucky" side of the Earth you should be able to see
  <em>all the lunar phases</em> during a single night. The Moon become gradually
  more illuminated, peak as a full Moon and then darken as the night
  ends.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>No: you would only see only <em>half</em> the phases during the fortnight-long night: from waxing half-moon to waning half-moon. You would also see the Moon during the day (early morning, late afternoon), as we currently can, but you would never see the New Moon or crescent moons <strong>at night</strong> since these would be only visible during the day.</p>

<p>We currently see the New Moon because when it's roughly overhead for some at midday, it's not far above the horizon just before sunrise or just after sunset for others. Since the New Moon phase currently lasts about 3-5 days (depending on how you define "new"), but the Earth rotates in just one 24-hour day, most habitable places on Earth get to see this phase every lunar month. However, in the tidally-locked-Earth scenario, the phase still lasts 3-5 days but the Earth rotates once every 29.5 days. Those viewing the Moon just after sunset will only <em>ever</em> see the Moon in that position above the horizon – it more or less "sits" there, apart from libration and nodal period effects – and they will miss some of the other phases because the Sun will be too bright at, say, the waning half-moon.</p>

<hr>

<p>EDIT - Two additional things to note:</p>

<p><strong>(1) Earth's phases</strong><br>
While the Earth becoming tidally locked to the Moon is hypothetical, the Moon is already tidally locked to the Earth, which means the above descriptions can be applied in reverse for a real observer on the Moon: </p>

<ul>
<li>a lunar "day" (sunrise to sunrise) is 29.5 Earth days;</li>
<li>the Earth's position in the lunar sky is relatively constant over the lunar day, within about 15º (due to a slow but noticeable <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libration" rel="nofollow noreferrer">libration</a>);</li>
<li>the Moon's orbit is elliptical, so over much longer periods the Earth would alternately recede and grow larger (a "Super Earth");</li>
<li>unlike the Earth-locked scenario, all of the Earth's phases – from Full Earth at lunar midnight to New Earth at lunar noon - would be visible, because there's no atmosphere and hence no "bright daytime sky" to block out the Earthlight.</li>
</ul>

<p>Note also that the famous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthrise" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Earthrise</a> experience of the Apollo 8 astronauts would not be available to an observer on the Moon's surface. The Earth "rose" above the limb of the Moon because the astronauts were <em>in orbit</em>. Nonetheless, someone located on the border of the "dark side of the Moon" would see the Earth on the lunar horizon, and libration could result in the Earth alternately setting below the horizon and rising again over a lunar day. For that observer, however, earthrise and earthset occur at roughly <em>the same point</em> on the horizon!</p>

<p><strong>(2) Will the Earth really end up tidally locked to the Moon?</strong><br>
Tidal braking is slowing the Earth's rotation by 23 milliseconds (and increasing the Moon's distance from us by 38 metres) per 1,000 years. At that rate, the Andromeda Galaxy will have <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#Collision_with_the_Milky_Way" rel="nofollow noreferrer">collided with the Milky Way</a> long before the Earth's rotation has slowed down enough to approach tidal locking. </p>

<p>In fact, <a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/29533/14094">this AstronomySE answer</a> suggests that as the Earth's oceans "are responsible for almost all of the tidal deceleration" (<a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/18794/will-the-earth-ever-be-tidally-locked-to-the-moon/18795#comment30069_18795">David Hammen's comment</a>), the evaporation of the oceans <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Earth#Loss_of_oceans" rel="nofollow noreferrer">in a billion years</a> will eliminate the main drag on the Earth's spin and tidal locking may therefore never occur.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T09:44:05.513Z
According to my recollection of science classes in childhood, the Moon retreats from us at a not-very-exorbitant speed of approximately one inch per century (roughly 40 miles per 1,000 million years IIRC), due to an obscure gravitational effect called _rotation dragging_ which is gradually accelerating it, so the increase in the length of the lunar month (synodic period) is proceeding at a rather modest rate.
Ed999
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T12:35:44.490Z
the answer is based on incorrect assumption that the only place on the "lucky" side is where the moon is seen at zenith. obviously, we can observe the moon from anywhere in the hemisphere and for some locations we would see thin crescent in a dark sky, or nearly full moon at sunset.
szulat
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T16:38:00.283Z
@szulat re-read the question: "...all the lunar phases during a single **night**." If you want to see all phases from a given spot without traveling, you'll have to see half during the day.
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T16:43:27.713Z
@Chappo  and uhoh Thank you for the answer; you are right, I tried to draw the Moon-Earth system (probably should have done it before posting) and it is as you say.
Jack ToTheFuture
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T16:43:34.790Z
@szulat I didn't specify (my bad) but I intended the observer to be in the "best position", so on the "Moon side" of the Earth where you see the Moon at the Zenith. Regarding everything else, this is all hypothetical, I know that there are more important consequence to this scenario and I didn't take in consideration the increasing distance on purpose because then maybe you wouldn't be able to see the lunar phases at all.
Jack ToTheFuture
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T17:00:34.073Z
@JackToTheFuture you can say "watching from the sub-lunar point on the Earth's surface." I think it's a great question btw!
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T23:49:14.617Z
@uhoh such an interesting question that I couldn't help myself, I added some more detail!
Chappo Hasn't Forgotten
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-11T00:20:55.590Z
It's great when someone take the time to really dig in and explore a question in detail, write a thorough answer, and link back to related high-quality posts for additional sourcing!
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-11T19:12:01.170Z
OTOH,  the Andromedic Catastrophe (I just named it! :-) ) is unlikely to have significant effects on the solar system's internal mechanics.  Space is really big and empty.
Carl Witthoft
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-10T02:47:27.987Z
2019-02-10T23:47:57.843Z
2019-02-10T23:47:57.843Z
Chappo Hasn't Forgotten
<p><strong>The moon will look as it normally does with regards to phases, but will be in a fixed position in the sky</strong>.</p>

<p>Practically speaking, that's all that will change. (At least in regards to the moon's appearance that is, having a 29 day-long day would wreak havoc on the earth's geology.)</p>

<p>The moon will only be visible from one half of earth's hemisphere, as you speculated.</p>

<p>It's also worth noting, in response to Chappo's answer, that not being able to see a new moon at night is something that happens currently, not just in this scenario. You can't see it at night because it's in the same rough direction as the sun. Similarly, you can see a crescent moon at night, but only if you're near the edge of the moonward hemisphere and the earth is blocking out the sun.    </p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-11T14:49:05.327Z
I think you are forgetting that the new Moon cannot be seen at night because it would have to be daytime.  I believe that was Chappo's point, that a tidally locked Moon shows only half its phases at night, the other half during the day.
Ken G
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-11T20:46:22.077Z
I think you misunderstood my answer. That was exactly my point. You can't see a new moon at night regardless of whether the earth is tidally locked to the moon, because the new moon is in the same approximate place in the sky as the sun. The appearance of the moon from a tidally locked earth doesn't meaningfully change from our current moon's appearance, because the appearance depends on the angle between the sun and moon.
Ingolifs
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-11T22:05:31.293Z
That much is true, it sounded like you were saying Chappo was wrong.  But no such claim is there, so it's fine.
Ken G
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-11T04:21:47.317Z
2019-02-11T04:21:47.317Z
Ingolifs
<p>I know that the Earth will never become tidally locked to the Moon, so this is purely hypothetical. </p>

<p>If I understand correctly, in this hypothetical scenario an Earth day is now a lot longer at around 29 current days, and you can only ever see the Moon from half of the Earth. </p>

<p>So standing on the "lucky" side of the Earth you should be able to see <em>all the lunar phases</em> during a single night. The Moon become gradually more illuminated, peak as a full Moon and then darken as the night ends. </p>

<p>Is this correct?</p>

<the-moon><moon-phases><tidal-locking>
Lunar phases if Earth was tidally locked to the Moon
Jack ToTheFuture
# Lunar phases if Earth was tidally locked to the Moon

(Asked by: username_0 on 2019-02-10)

I know that the Earth will never become tidally locked to the Moon, so this is purely hypothetical.

If I understand correctly, in this hypothetical scenario an Earth day is now a lot longer at around 29 current days, and you can only ever see the Moon from half of the Earth.

So standing on the "lucky" side of the Earth you should be able to see *all the lunar phases* during a single night. The Moon become gradually more illuminated, peak as a full Moon and then darken as the night ends.

Is this correct?

**Tags:** the-moon, moon-phases, tidal-locking

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2019-02-10. Score: 5

**tl;dr:** An observer on the "Moon side" would see only *half* the phases during the fortnight-long night: from waxing half-moon to waning half-moon. They would also see the Moon during the day (early morning, late afternoon), as we currently can, but they would never see the New Moon or crescent moons **at night** since these would be only visible during the day.

---

**Background**  
While the Earth being tidally locked to the Moon would indeed mean that the side of the Earth facing the Moon always sees the Moon, the *phases* of the Moon result from the angle between the Earth, the Moon and **the Sun**, and probably wouldn’t change significantly.

The Moon orbits around the Earth-Moon barycentre with an orbital period of 27.3 days and a synodic period (i.e. from Full Moon to Full Moon) of 29.5 days. An observer on the Moon-facing side of the Earth would certainly see the Moon go through its different phases, but it would still take 29.5 days. [For the purposes of this question I'm ignoring the increasing lunar period due to the Moon receding from the Earth.]

As the question notes, one obvious outcome of Earth becoming tidally locked to the Moon is that Earth’s “day” becomes the same as the Moon’s synodic period: 29.5 days. Daylight will last for about 15 days, baking everything other than at the poles. The 360-hour night will be freezing, even in the tropics. Local weather will be utterly different.

Another notable outcome is there will only be really tiny “solar” tides spaced about 15 days apart (due to the Earth’s slow rotation in relation to the Sun). The loss of significant tidal flows would probably have a dramatic negative effect on marine life.

The Earth tidally locked to the Moon is a nightmare scenario!

**The core question**

> So standing on the "lucky" side of the Earth you should be able to see
> *all the lunar phases* during a single night. The Moon become gradually
> more illuminated, peak as a full Moon and then darken as the night
> ends.

No: you would only see only *half* the phases during the fortnight-long night: from waxing half-moon to waning half-moon. You would also see the Moon during the day (early morning, late afternoon), as we currently can, but you would never see the New Moon or crescent moons **at night** since these would be only visible during the day.

We currently see the New Moon because when it's roughly overhead for some at midday, it's not far above the horizon just before sunrise or just after sunset for others. Since the New Moon phase currently lasts about 3-5 days (depending on how you define "new"), but the Earth rotates in just one 24-hour day, most habitable places on Earth get to see this phase every lunar month. However, in the tidally-locked-Earth scenario, the phase still lasts 3-5 days but the Earth rotates once every 29.5 days. Those viewing the Moon just after sunset will only *ever* see the Moon in that position above the horizon – it more or less "sits" there, apart from libration and nodal period effects – and they will miss some of the other phases because the Sun will be too bright at, say, the waning half-moon.

---

EDIT - Two additional things to note:

**(1) Earth's phases**  
While the Earth becoming tidally locked to the Moon is hypothetical, the Moon is already tidally locked to the Earth, which means the above descriptions can be applied in reverse for a real observer on the Moon:

* a lunar "day" (sunrise to sunrise) is 29.5 Earth days;
* the Earth's position in the lunar sky is relatively constant over the lunar day, within about 15º (due to a slow but noticeable [libration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libration));
* the Moon's orbit is elliptical, so over much longer periods the Earth would alternately recede and grow larger (a "Super Earth");
* unlike the Earth-locked scenario, all of the Earth's phases – from Full Earth at lunar midnight to New Earth at lunar noon - would be visible, because there's no atmosphere and hence no "bright daytime sky" to block out the Earthlight.

Note also that the famous [Earthrise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthrise) experience of the Apollo 8 astronauts would not be available to an observer on the Moon's surface. The Earth "rose" above the limb of the Moon because the astronauts were *in orbit*. Nonetheless, someone located on the border of the "dark side of the Moon" would see the Earth on the lunar horizon, and libration could result in the Earth alternately setting below the horizon and rising again over a lunar day. For that observer, however, earthrise and earthset occur at roughly *the same point* on the horizon!

**(2) Will the Earth really end up tidally locked to the Moon?**  
Tidal braking is slowing the Earth's rotation by 23 milliseconds (and increasing the Moon's distance from us by 38 metres) per 1,000 years. At that rate, the Andromeda Galaxy will have [collided with the Milky Way](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#Collision_with_the_Milky_Way) long before the Earth's rotation has slowed down enough to approach tidal locking.

In fact, [this AstronomySE answer](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/29533/14094) suggests that as the Earth's oceans "are responsible for almost all of the tidal deceleration" ([David Hammen's comment](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/18794/will-the-earth-ever-be-tidally-locked-to-the-moon/18795#comment30069_18795)), the evaporation of the oceans [in a billion years](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Earth#Loss_of_oceans) will eliminate the main drag on the Earth's spin and tidal locking may therefore never occur.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: According to my recollection of science classes in childhood, the Moon retreats from us at a not-very-exorbitant speed of approximately one inch per century (roughly 40 miles per 1,000 million years IIRC), due to an obscure gravitational effect called _rotation dragging_ which is gradually accelerating it, so the increase in the length of the lunar month (synodic period) is proceeding at a rather modest rate.  
> **username_3**: the answer is based on incorrect assumption that the only place on the "lucky" side is where the moon is seen at zenith. obviously, we can observe the moon from anywhere in the hemisphere and for some locations we would see thin crescent in a dark sky, or nearly full moon at sunset.  
> **username_4**: @szulat re-read the question: "...all the lunar phases during a single **night**." If you want to see all phases from a given spot without traveling, you'll have to see half during the day.  
> **username_0**: @Chappo  and uhoh Thank you for the answer; you are right, I tried to draw the Moon-Earth system (probably should have done it before posting) and it is as you say.  
> **username_0**: @szulat I didn't specify (my bad) but I intended the observer to be in the "best position", so on the "Moon side" of the Earth where you see the Moon at the Zenith. Regarding everything else, this is all hypothetical, I know that there are more important consequence to this scenario and I didn't take in consideration the increasing distance on purpose because then maybe you wouldn't be able to see the lunar phases at all.  
> **username_4**: @JackToTheFuture you can say "watching from the sub-lunar point on the Earth's surface." I think it's a great question btw!  
> **username_1**: @uhoh such an interesting question that I couldn't help myself, I added some more detail!  
> **username_4**: It's great when someone take the time to really dig in and explore a question in detail, write a thorough answer, and link back to related high-quality posts for additional sourcing!  
> **username_5**: OTOH,  the Andromedic Catastrophe (I just named it! :-) ) is unlikely to have significant effects on the solar system's internal mechanics.  Space is really big and empty.  

---

### Answer by username_6 on 2019-02-11. Score: 1

**The moon will look as it normally does with regards to phases, but will be in a fixed position in the sky**.

Practically speaking, that's all that will change. (At least in regards to the moon's appearance that is, having a 29 day-long day would wreak havoc on the earth's geology.)

The moon will only be visible from one half of earth's hemisphere, as you speculated.

It's also worth noting, in response to Chappo's answer, that not being able to see a new moon at night is something that happens currently, not just in this scenario. You can't see it at night because it's in the same rough direction as the sun. Similarly, you can see a crescent moon at night, but only if you're near the edge of the moonward hemisphere and the earth is blocking out the sun.

> **Comments:**
> **username_7**: I think you are forgetting that the new Moon cannot be seen at night because it would have to be daytime.  I believe that was Chappo's point, that a tidally locked Moon shows only half its phases at night, the other half during the day.  
> **username_6**: I think you misunderstood my answer. That was exactly my point. You can't see a new moon at night regardless of whether the earth is tidally locked to the moon, because the new moon is in the same approximate place in the sky as the sun. The appearance of the moon from a tidally locked earth doesn't meaningfully change from our current moon's appearance, because the appearance depends on the angle between the sun and moon.  
> **username_7**: That much is true, it sounded like you were saying Chappo was wrong.  But no such claim is there, so it's fine.  

---

