<p>I was looking at the answer provided by Andy and the comments attached to it, and together they add up to a reasonable answer.<br><br>There are several ways to measure a day, the two most common are sidereal and solar. A sidereal day is the time it take earth to rotate 360°; a solar day is the amount of time it takes the earth to rotate such that the sun appears at the same meridian as the day before. (Sunrise and sunset aren't really good references, as they are influenced by atmospheric conditions that affect refraction.) The solar day, or more accurately the mean solar day, is the day our calendars measure. The mean solar day is exactly what it says, the average amount of time during the course of a year that it takes for the sun to appear over the same meridian from day to day.<br><br>Unfortunately, the definition of a sidereal day is very often given as the definition of a day, which is totally inaccurate, and very confusing.<br><br>The length of the solar day varies during the year because the of Earth's distance from the sun; it is closer in January and farther in July. Because it is closer in January; it is also moving faster, which means that the planet has to rotate more for the sun to appear over the same meridian.<br><br>If you can get your head around this, the concept really isn't very complicated.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T19:36:54.767Z
2016-08-26T19:36:54.767Z
BillDOe
<p>Wow, I am amazed that none of the answers mentioned leap seconds.</p>
<p>A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_time" rel="nofollow noreferrer">day</a> is defined by the average time it takes 'the sun to rotate around earth'. See the picture below, 24 hours passed between step 1 and 3. The time between step 1 and 2 is slightly shorter (~4 minutes shorter) and is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidereal_time" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sidereal day</a>. So the a day the reference point is the Sun, while for the sidereal day the reference are celestial objects.</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/ZAVZ7.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/ZAVZ7.png" alt="Earth rotating around the Sun." /></a></p>
<p>Unfortunately, as a clever person may note, the period of Earth's rotation can vary in time, but the definition of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second" rel="nofollow noreferrer">1 second</a> is fixed (based on cesium radiation cycles). If we define a day as a <code>24*3600</code> seconds then it will also be fixed and hence unable to accommodate the variability of Earth's rotation period. We are lucky as the average solar period is currently very close to <code>24*3600</code> seconds.</p>
<p>However, in case the time of day goes out of sync we have a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second" rel="nofollow noreferrer">leap seconds</a> such that we can make certain days slightly shorter or longer if desired - eg we can make 3rd of November 2020 last <code>24*3600 + 1</code> seconds instead of the usual, this way we ensure that the time is always in sync.</p>
<p>It will be interesting to see what happens in the future when the earths rotation slows down - will we have, say 3601 seconds per hour? :) Adjusting the definition of a second or an hour is definitely a bad idea, so are constant leap seconds. I guess we will adjust the definition of a day (24h and X seconds) or have a leap minute ~4 times a year (on regular predefined times) to keep the solar time in sync.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-04-02T15:16:13.867Z
I meant 24*3600 (markdown formatting took over). Fixed.
Piotr Dabkowski
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-04-20T21:45:27.660Z
2021-04-02T15:15:41.953Z
2021-04-02T15:15:41.953Z
Piotr Dabkowski
<p>You are correct, and in fact the clocks <em>are</em> offset. But most people never notice this because of the way days are defined.</p>

<p>If you measure the "day" length by the stars (instead of the sun) you will see it's not 24 hours at all. It's around 23 hours 56 minutes. (Check this by going out at night, picking a bright star, and noting the exact time it passes due south. Then observe it the following night and note it passes 4 minutes earlier.)  By the way this shortened "day" is <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_ocr_21c/further_physics/naked_eye_astronomy/revision/6/">the sidereal day</a>.</p>

<p>Each day, the Earth shifts along in its orbit (by about a degree, as you correctly observed in the question). So if you go out and point at the Sun at Noon every day, you are pointing in a slightly different direction. <em>(I'll also neglect the Solar Analemma at this point too as it's just too confusing.)</em></p>

<p>Really, the "day" of 24 hours is not related to the true rotation period of Earth at all; loosely speaking it's just the average time between sunrises, or sunsets, or noons.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T14:04:22.680Z
So if we time exactly 24 hours and the day is only 23 hours and 56 minutes, shouldn't it be that halfway through the year, the clocks are out by about 12 hours and we have night time at 12 noon?
JamEngulfer
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T14:18:28.287Z
If we adjusted our clocks so they marked a full "24 hours" on the dial in 23 hrs 56 minutes of real time (i.e. we set them to run 4 minutes fast!), then yes - after six months they would read mid-day when it was actually midnight. (Astronomers can use such clocks in fact. [Here is an old example](http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=51671&partId=1))
Andy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T14:41:04.587Z
This answer has left me more confused than I was before I read it :( If the clocks are 24 hours but the days are 23:56 then how is it that my 24 hour clock on my nightstand lines up with my 23:56 days all year... ?
Jason C
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T14:49:23.597Z
The (normal) clocks are 24 hours, and the days are 24 hours too - a day has always been defined by the **apparent** movement of he sun (even before people knew about astronomy). So the clocks stay in synch with the sun - because that is how long a day is defined. (We only need to worry about the 23:56 jazz if we wonder why the stars at night are getting out of synch as the year progresses.)
Andy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T15:56:11.253Z
So you're saying that the time it takes for the *sun* to go around and return to the same spot in the sky is exactly 24 hours? So our 24 hour clock counteracts the offset caused by the Earth moving to the other side of the sun?
JamEngulfer
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T16:08:44.223Z
That's exactly right - our 24 hour day keeps the sun in sync throughout the year. (Apart from little things like: the sun being higher in the summer and lower in the winter, rise/set times varying, occasional variations in the Earth's spin rate, etc.)
Andy
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T18:38:42.710Z
Great explanation. You might add that the difference between siderial and solar day is also the reason why we see some constellations only in summer or only in winter. Another illustrative example is the moon - it rises about 1 hour later every day because one orbit is 28 days - after 360 degrees in 24 hours the earth has to catch up by a further 1/28th rotation (and 24/28 is just about 1).
Alex
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T13:24:04.020Z
2016-08-26T13:40:02.743Z
2016-08-26T13:40:02.743Z
Andy
<p>Our clocks use 24 hours for a day, our planet takes 24 hours to rotate completely and our planet revolves around the sun in 365 days.</p>
<p>Imagine at the start of the year, the side of Earth facing Sol is 'Side A' and the dark side is 'Side B'. The side of the sun that Earth sees is 'Side A' and the opposite side is 'Side B'.</p>
<p>After half a year, wouldn't 'Side B' of Earth be facing 'Side B' of Sol, and thus the day/night cycle would be out of sync by 12 hours?</p>
<p>I've been trying to get my head around this problem for ages and I can't seem to figure it out. It seems like the angle that the sun hits the Earth must change by about a degree per day until it's gone around 360 degrees. Would that not mean the clocks offset by 1/365th of 24 hours every day over a year?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T13:20:25.337Z
An Earth day is not _exactly_ 24 hours long. Rather it is 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds long. For the sake of simplicity, rounds up to 24 hours. So, yes it does offset about 1/365th of 24 hours everyday, but not quite.
CipherBot
<the-sun><earth><rotation>
Why do our clocks not go out of sync with the day over a year?
JamEngulfer
# Why do our clocks not go out of sync with the day over a year?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-08-26)

Our clocks use 24 hours for a day, our planet takes 24 hours to rotate completely and our planet revolves around the sun in 365 days.

Imagine at the start of the year, the side of Earth facing Sol is 'Side A' and the dark side is 'Side B'. The side of the sun that Earth sees is 'Side A' and the opposite side is 'Side B'.

After half a year, wouldn't 'Side B' of Earth be facing 'Side B' of Sol, and thus the day/night cycle would be out of sync by 12 hours?

I've been trying to get my head around this problem for ages and I can't seem to figure it out. It seems like the angle that the sun hits the Earth must change by about a degree per day until it's gone around 360 degrees. Would that not mean the clocks offset by 1/365th of 24 hours every day over a year?

**Tags:** the-sun, earth, rotation
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: An Earth day is not _exactly_ 24 hours long. Rather it is 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds long. For the sake of simplicity, rounds up to 24 hours. So, yes it does offset about 1/365th of 24 hours everyday, but not quite.  

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_4 on 2016-08-26. Score: 18 | Accepted answer

You are correct, and in fact the clocks *are* offset. But most people never notice this because of the way days are defined.

If you measure the "day" length by the stars (instead of the sun) you will see it's not 24 hours at all. It's around 23 hours 56 minutes. (Check this by going out at night, picking a bright star, and noting the exact time it passes due south. Then observe it the following night and note it passes 4 minutes earlier.) By the way this shortened "day" is [the sidereal day](http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_ocr_21c/further_physics/naked_eye_astronomy/revision/6/).

Each day, the Earth shifts along in its orbit (by about a degree, as you correctly observed in the question). So if you go out and point at the Sun at Noon every day, you are pointing in a slightly different direction. *(I'll also neglect the Solar Analemma at this point too as it's just too confusing.)*

Really, the "day" of 24 hours is not related to the true rotation period of Earth at all; loosely speaking it's just the average time between sunrises, or sunsets, or noons.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: So if we time exactly 24 hours and the day is only 23 hours and 56 minutes, shouldn't it be that halfway through the year, the clocks are out by about 12 hours and we have night time at 12 noon?  
> **username_4**: If we adjusted our clocks so they marked a full "24 hours" on the dial in 23 hrs 56 minutes of real time (i.e. we set them to run 4 minutes fast!), then yes - after six months they would read mid-day when it was actually midnight. (Astronomers can use such clocks in fact. [Here is an old example](http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=51671&partId=1))  
> **username_5**: This answer has left me more confused than I was before I read it :( If the clocks are 24 hours but the days are 23:56 then how is it that my 24 hour clock on my nightstand lines up with my 23:56 days all year... ?  
> **username_4**: The (normal) clocks are 24 hours, and the days are 24 hours too - a day has always been defined by the **apparent** movement of he sun (even before people knew about astronomy). So the clocks stay in synch with the sun - because that is how long a day is defined. (We only need to worry about the 23:56 jazz if we wonder why the stars at night are getting out of synch as the year progresses.)  
> **username_0**: So you're saying that the time it takes for the *sun* to go around and return to the same spot in the sky is exactly 24 hours? So our 24 hour clock counteracts the offset caused by the Earth moving to the other side of the sun?  
> **username_4**: That's exactly right - our 24 hour day keeps the sun in sync throughout the year. (Apart from little things like: the sun being higher in the summer and lower in the winter, rise/set times varying, occasional variations in the Earth's spin rate, etc.)  
> **username_6**: Great explanation. You might add that the difference between siderial and solar day is also the reason why we see some constellations only in summer or only in winter. Another illustrative example is the moon - it rises about 1 hour later every day because one orbit is 28 days - after 360 degrees in 24 hours the earth has to catch up by a further 1/28th rotation (and 24/28 is just about 1).  

---

### Answer by username_2 on 2016-08-26. Score: 7

I was looking at the answer provided by Andy and the comments attached to it, and together they add up to a reasonable answer.  
  
There are several ways to measure a day, the two most common are sidereal and solar. A sidereal day is the time it take earth to rotate 360°; a solar day is the amount of time it takes the earth to rotate such that the sun appears at the same meridian as the day before. (Sunrise and sunset aren't really good references, as they are influenced by atmospheric conditions that affect refraction.) The solar day, or more accurately the mean solar day, is the day our calendars measure. The mean solar day is exactly what it says, the average amount of time during the course of a year that it takes for the sun to appear over the same meridian from day to day.  
  
Unfortunately, the definition of a sidereal day is very often given as the definition of a day, which is totally inaccurate, and very confusing.  
  
The length of the solar day varies during the year because the of Earth's distance from the sun; it is closer in January and farther in July. Because it is closer in January; it is also moving faster, which means that the planet has to rotate more for the sun to appear over the same meridian.  
  
If you can get your head around this, the concept really isn't very complicated.


---

### Answer by username_3 on 2020-04-20. Score: 1

Wow, I am amazed that none of the answers mentioned leap seconds.

A [day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_time) is defined by the average time it takes 'the sun to rotate around earth'. See the picture below, 24 hours passed between step 1 and 3. The time between step 1 and 2 is slightly shorter (~4 minutes shorter) and is called [sidereal day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidereal_time). So the a day the reference point is the Sun, while for the sidereal day the reference are celestial objects.

[![Earth rotating around the Sun.](https://i.sstatic.net/ZAVZ7.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/ZAVZ7.png)

Unfortunately, as a clever person may note, the period of Earth's rotation can vary in time, but the definition of [1 second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second) is fixed (based on cesium radiation cycles). If we define a day as a `24*3600` seconds then it will also be fixed and hence unable to accommodate the variability of Earth's rotation period. We are lucky as the average solar period is currently very close to `24*3600` seconds.

However, in case the time of day goes out of sync we have a [leap seconds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second) such that we can make certain days slightly shorter or longer if desired - eg we can make 3rd of November 2020 last `24*3600 + 1` seconds instead of the usual, this way we ensure that the time is always in sync.

It will be interesting to see what happens in the future when the earths rotation slows down - will we have, say 3601 seconds per hour? :) Adjusting the definition of a second or an hour is definitely a bad idea, so are constant leap seconds. I guess we will adjust the definition of a day (24h and X seconds) or have a leap minute ~4 times a year (on regular predefined times) to keep the solar time in sync.

> **Comments:**
> **username_3**: I meant 24*3600 (markdown formatting took over). Fixed.  

---

