<p>There are several misconceptions in your question.</p>

<p>First, a star does not <em>vacuum everything in its vicinity</em>. Rather it forms from a condensation in a gas cloud, which in turn collapses to a proto-star surrounded by a gas disc, which can contribute further material. Once formed in this way, a star typically does not acquire more gas (exceptions are symbiotic binary stars etc).</p>

<p>Second, a star with mass in excess of $\sim8$M$_\odot$ will (typically after a long time) suffer from a supernova, when most of its envelope is flung back into space. That gas is still mostly hydrogen, though enriched by 'metals' (non-primordial elements). However, the gas is hot and fast moving and hence not in a condition to form another star. </p>

<p>Third, the gas from the supernova will eventually mix with other gas and dissolve into the general pool of interstellar medium (ISM). Some of that may cool to form a molecular cloud (as gas cloud where molecular $H_2$ dominates), which in turn may become the site of new star formation.</p>

<p>We know that the Sun has been formed from enriched material, which is a mixture of primordial gas with the ejections of several supernovae.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-22T20:05:46.607Z
Several supernovae? I think the mixing timescale for SNRs in the Galaxy is 100 Myr and of order 1 billion went off before the Sun was born (i.e. each supernovae has had tens of mixing timescales to diffuse throughout the Galaxy). So I think that many, many supernovae contributed to the protosolar nebula, though it is of course possible that a few nearby ones occurring just before the Sun was born could have had a larger influence.
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-11-18T19:12:53.497Z
You might want to re-check you stat for the number of solar masses - I think it's more like 8-ish.
HDE 226868
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-11-18T18:06:31.877Z
2014-11-18T20:39:37.143Z
2014-11-18T20:39:37.143Z
Walter
<p>Our sun is a 3rd or 4th generation star, so yes, there is enough hydrogen left over to create more stars.  </p>

<p>We know this because our solar system is fairly rich in heavy elements, which means that there must have been at least 1, and probably 2 or 3 supernovas that created these heavier elements that created all of the rocky planets, asteroids, comets, etc.</p>

<p>It is doubtful that our sun will shed enough hydrogen to create yet another star.  It's too small now.</p>

<p>Also, if you look at the pillars of creation, which is a nebula created by a supernova, you can see the early stages of star formation happening right now.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-19T07:19:39.080Z
Thank you for the answer. I think there is little probability that a star will leave enough hydrogen to form another in the same area. On the other hand, the stars are *VERY* scattered ( the distance between the Sun and Proxima Centauri is somewhere near 500x the entire diameter of our solar system, right ? ), so there is still a lot of space containing hydrogen where new stars can be born.
Andrei
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-22T19:55:44.023Z
The Sun contains the products of more like millions of supernovae. A supernova remnant is mixed round the Galaxy (or at least a large part of the Galaxy) in a fraction of the Galactic lifetime, and a billion or so supernovae went off before the Sun was born.
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-22T20:12:26.113Z
A further comment is that about half the mass of the Sun will be shed into the ISM at the end of its life. Most of that material will be basically a standard H/He mixture. Finally, can you give a reference for the pillars of creation being *created* by a supernova?
ProfRob
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-18T23:11:08.443Z
2014-09-18T23:11:08.443Z
Scottie
<p>First, thanks to @LCD3 for leading me on the right path here. My original answer was inaccurate, and so I got rid of it.</p>

<p>A supernova occurs when a very massive star can no longer sustain enough nuclear fusion to combat the force of its own gravity pushing inwards on it. This happens after the star has gone through different stages of fusion. Typically, it begins with fusing hydrogen into helium. This is the type of fusion you have probably heard about the most because stars are largely hydrogen and helium. However, there are other fusion processes that are equally important when it comes to prolonging a star's life, which fuse together heavier elements.</p>

<p>A star begins by fusing hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei deep in its core. This is how the star produces energy, and is indirectly responsible for the star shining. However, there is only so much of this fusion a star can undergo in its core. When the core hydrogen is depleted, the star beings fusing helium there. It continues hydrogen fusion in its outer layers, where there is still hydrogen. Eventually, the star runs out of helium in its core, and begins to fuse even heavier elements. Hydrogen fusion continues in the outermost layers, with helium fusion occurring in lower layers.</p>

<p>Unfortunately, the process can only go on for so long, and eventually the star can't fight gravity any longer. In very massive stars, this leads to a supernova, which flings off much of a star's mass into space. In all the cast-away matter, is there enough hydrogen left to form a new star? Well, there isn't nearly as much hydrogen as there was at the star's birth. In relatively low-mass supernova progenitors, there might not be enough hydrogen to form a new star. In very high-mass stars, however, there will still be a substantial amount left. Could <em>this</em> form a new star? Probably not for a long time, because the hydrogen will have been thrown off into space by the supernova, and the wouldn't be very dense. It wouldn't be easy for it to collapse into a gas cloud to form a protostar. I wouldn't rule this out for very high-mass stars, but in the remnants of many stars, there probably would not be enough hydrogen to form a new star.</p>

<p>I hope this helps.</p>

<p>Source for the layer explanation: 
<a href="http://www.astronomynotes.com/evolutn/s5.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.astronomynotes.com/evolutn/s5.htm</a>. Also, many thanks to @LCD3.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-04-26T10:17:05.740Z
Please, consider another reasoning https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/53538/50602
Serg Kryvonos
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-19T00:45:00.310Z
@LCD3 Thanks, I hadn't known about shell burning. Do you think the answer is salvageable?
HDE 226868
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-19T01:02:14.257Z
@LCD3 Made some substantial changes.
HDE 226868
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-19T02:23:29.743Z
I believe there is still enough hydrogen to fuse into helium, even down to the middle of the core. It is believed that the fusion in a star is significantly less dense that in a nuclear reactor so it would take time for the fusible elements to build up in concentration. Of course, there is less room for hydrogen as you get near the center.
LDC3
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-19T14:17:41.890Z
One theory for star formation is that the shockwave of a supernova will compress the gas of a nearby nebula, which will start the star formation process.
Scottie
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-18T23:41:37.610Z
2014-09-19T01:01:44.813Z
2014-09-19T01:01:44.813Z
HDE 226868
<p>A star consumes quite a lot of hydrogen in its life, and is pretty much "vacuuming" everything in its vicinity. After it dies (eventually by supernova which will spread all its composition over light years), is there enough hydrogen left in that area to light up a new star? And will that star be more short-lived compare to its predecessor?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-04-26T12:56:43.980Z
The hydrogen may also be reinstantiated https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/53538/50602
Serg Kryvonos
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-18T22:39:22.147Z
I asked a related question recently: http://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/6243/mechanism-for-brown-dwarf-fusion. Walter's answer is pretty good, and might cover your question.
HDE 226868
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-19T02:25:55.260Z
Are you asking if it is possible for a star to form where a supernova went off?
LDC3
CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-09-19T07:25:06.210Z
Yes, as i think it is unlikely to form in the same approximate area as the previous one.
Andrei
<star><supernova><stellar-evolution><hydrogen><protostar>
Is there enough hydrogen left after a star dies so another star will have enough to light up?
Andrei
# Is there enough hydrogen left after a star dies so another star will have enough to light up?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2014-09-18)

A star consumes quite a lot of hydrogen in its life, and is pretty much "vacuuming" everything in its vicinity. After it dies (eventually by supernova which will spread all its composition over light years), is there enough hydrogen left in that area to light up a new star? And will that star be more short-lived compare to its predecessor?

**Tags:** star, supernova, stellar-evolution, hydrogen, protostar
> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: I asked a related question recently: http://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/6243/mechanism-for-brown-dwarf-fusion. Walter's answer is pretty good, and might cover your question.  
> **username_3**: Are you asking if it is possible for a star to form where a supernova went off?  
> **username_0**: Yes, as i think it is unlikely to form in the same approximate area as the previous one.  
> **username_1**: The hydrogen may also be reinstantiated https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/53538/50602  

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_4 on 2014-11-18. Score: 6

There are several misconceptions in your question.

First, a star does not *vacuum everything in its vicinity*. Rather it forms from a condensation in a gas cloud, which in turn collapses to a proto-star surrounded by a gas disc, which can contribute further material. Once formed in this way, a star typically does not acquire more gas (exceptions are symbiotic binary stars etc).

Second, a star with mass in excess of $\sim8$M$\_\odot$ will (typically after a long time) suffer from a supernova, when most of its envelope is flung back into space. That gas is still mostly hydrogen, though enriched by 'metals' (non-primordial elements). However, the gas is hot and fast moving and hence not in a condition to form another star.

Third, the gas from the supernova will eventually mix with other gas and dissolve into the general pool of interstellar medium (ISM). Some of that may cool to form a molecular cloud (as gas cloud where molecular $H\_2$ dominates), which in turn may become the site of new star formation.

We know that the Sun has been formed from enriched material, which is a mixture of primordial gas with the ejections of several supernovae.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: You might want to re-check you stat for the number of solar masses - I think it's more like 8-ish.  
> **username_5**: Several supernovae? I think the mixing timescale for SNRs in the Galaxy is 100 Myr and of order 1 billion went off before the Sun was born (i.e. each supernovae has had tens of mixing timescales to diffuse throughout the Galaxy). So I think that many, many supernovae contributed to the protosolar nebula, though it is of course possible that a few nearby ones occurring just before the Sun was born could have had a larger influence.  

---

### Answer by username_6 on 2014-09-18. Score: 2

Our sun is a 3rd or 4th generation star, so yes, there is enough hydrogen left over to create more stars.

We know this because our solar system is fairly rich in heavy elements, which means that there must have been at least 1, and probably 2 or 3 supernovas that created these heavier elements that created all of the rocky planets, asteroids, comets, etc.

It is doubtful that our sun will shed enough hydrogen to create yet another star. It's too small now.

Also, if you look at the pillars of creation, which is a nebula created by a supernova, you can see the early stages of star formation happening right now.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you for the answer. I think there is little probability that a star will leave enough hydrogen to form another in the same area. On the other hand, the stars are *VERY* scattered ( the distance between the Sun and Proxima Centauri is somewhere near 500x the entire diameter of our solar system, right ? ), so there is still a lot of space containing hydrogen where new stars can be born.  
> **username_5**: The Sun contains the products of more like millions of supernovae. A supernova remnant is mixed round the Galaxy (or at least a large part of the Galaxy) in a fraction of the Galactic lifetime, and a billion or so supernovae went off before the Sun was born.  
> **username_5**: A further comment is that about half the mass of the Sun will be shed into the ISM at the end of its life. Most of that material will be basically a standard H/He mixture. Finally, can you give a reference for the pillars of creation being *created* by a supernova?  

---

### Answer by username_2 on 2014-09-18. Score: 2

First, thanks to @LCD3 for leading me on the right path here. My original answer was inaccurate, and so I got rid of it.

A supernova occurs when a very massive star can no longer sustain enough nuclear fusion to combat the force of its own gravity pushing inwards on it. This happens after the star has gone through different stages of fusion. Typically, it begins with fusing hydrogen into helium. This is the type of fusion you have probably heard about the most because stars are largely hydrogen and helium. However, there are other fusion processes that are equally important when it comes to prolonging a star's life, which fuse together heavier elements.

A star begins by fusing hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei deep in its core. This is how the star produces energy, and is indirectly responsible for the star shining. However, there is only so much of this fusion a star can undergo in its core. When the core hydrogen is depleted, the star beings fusing helium there. It continues hydrogen fusion in its outer layers, where there is still hydrogen. Eventually, the star runs out of helium in its core, and begins to fuse even heavier elements. Hydrogen fusion continues in the outermost layers, with helium fusion occurring in lower layers.

Unfortunately, the process can only go on for so long, and eventually the star can't fight gravity any longer. In very massive stars, this leads to a supernova, which flings off much of a star's mass into space. In all the cast-away matter, is there enough hydrogen left to form a new star? Well, there isn't nearly as much hydrogen as there was at the star's birth. In relatively low-mass supernova progenitors, there might not be enough hydrogen to form a new star. In very high-mass stars, however, there will still be a substantial amount left. Could *this* form a new star? Probably not for a long time, because the hydrogen will have been thrown off into space by the supernova, and the wouldn't be very dense. It wouldn't be easy for it to collapse into a gas cloud to form a protostar. I wouldn't rule this out for very high-mass stars, but in the remnants of many stars, there probably would not be enough hydrogen to form a new star.

I hope this helps.

Source for the layer explanation:
<http://www.astronomynotes.com/evolutn/s5.htm>. Also, many thanks to @LCD3.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: @LCD3 Thanks, I hadn't known about shell burning. Do you think the answer is salvageable?  
> **username_2**: @LCD3 Made some substantial changes.  
> **username_3**: I believe there is still enough hydrogen to fuse into helium, even down to the middle of the core. It is believed that the fusion in a star is significantly less dense that in a nuclear reactor so it would take time for the fusible elements to build up in concentration. Of course, there is less room for hydrogen as you get near the center.  
> **username_6**: One theory for star formation is that the shockwave of a supernova will compress the gas of a nearby nebula, which will start the star formation process.  
> **username_1**: Please, consider another reasoning https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/53538/50602  

---

