<blockquote>
  <p>...is the delay to correlate the signal from the closest dishes to the further ones longer for the red shifted object?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Good question!</p>

<p>The short answer is no. The path difference between the closest and farthest dish in the array comes from local geometry, a big triangle in the air right above the VLA dishes. Here the speed of light is essentially constant (except for local temperature and humidity gradients in the air above the array, or maybe wind sheer) and so wouldn't vary between the to signals very much for reasons related to the sources' Doppler shifts. </p>

<p>The interference path length difference is divided by the local speed of light (in the air) to get the time difference needed for best correlation of those two dishes, and it doesn't make any difference what the source of the signal is or the speed that it was moving.</p>

<p>Doppler shifted photons don't look or act any different than non-shifted photons, there's no way to tell the difference in an experiment, unless you have some information about the original frequency before the shift.</p>

<p>The only teeny tiny difference might be if the air has a different index of refraction at the shifted frequency than the unshifted frequency. That's certainly taken into account during normal analysis, and I don't think it rises to the level and intent of your question.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-04-11T05:56:17.883Z
I tried to avoid relativity so far, but I assume that EM radiation travels at C relative to it's source, as that is the only reference it has out in space, and all the Doppler & Lorentz formulas fit exactly, using that assumption. See my answer on https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/278788/special-relativity-length-contraction-confusion. Even if it traveled at a fixed speed through space, it should be approaching us more slowly if we are moving away, so could you tell me how it manages to travel between dishes in the same time without being conducted. There has to be a logical reason.
Peter R. McMahon
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-04-11T06:51:09.640Z
It's hard to do that and "avoid relativity" at the same time. All I can do here is answer your question as asked. This is how light works, whether we understand it or not. It always travels at the same speed in any frame of reference, and that's what makes relativity *unavoidable*. If you want to ask something different please go ahead and ask a new question.
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-04-08T14:35:28.230Z
2019-04-08T14:44:58.410Z
2019-04-08T14:44:58.410Z
uhoh
<p>When observing 2 objects side by side close to the horizon with a very large array, one receding fast &amp; red shifted, is the delay to correlate the signal from the closest dishes to the further ones longer for the red shifted object?</p>

<radio-astronomy>
Is the delay to correlate the signal from one dish to another on a VLA radio telescope longer for red shifted objects?
Peter R. McMahon
# Is the delay to correlate the signal from one dish to another on a VLA radio telescope longer for red shifted objects?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2019-04-06)

When observing 2 objects side by side close to the horizon with a very large array, one receding fast & red shifted, is the delay to correlate the signal from the closest dishes to the further ones longer for the red shifted object?

**Tags:** radio-astronomy

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2019-04-08. Score: 2 | Accepted answer

> ...is the delay to correlate the signal from the closest dishes to the further ones longer for the red shifted object?

Good question!

The short answer is no. The path difference between the closest and farthest dish in the array comes from local geometry, a big triangle in the air right above the VLA dishes. Here the speed of light is essentially constant (except for local temperature and humidity gradients in the air above the array, or maybe wind sheer) and so wouldn't vary between the to signals very much for reasons related to the sources' Doppler shifts.

The interference path length difference is divided by the local speed of light (in the air) to get the time difference needed for best correlation of those two dishes, and it doesn't make any difference what the source of the signal is or the speed that it was moving.

Doppler shifted photons don't look or act any different than non-shifted photons, there's no way to tell the difference in an experiment, unless you have some information about the original frequency before the shift.

The only teeny tiny difference might be if the air has a different index of refraction at the shifted frequency than the unshifted frequency. That's certainly taken into account during normal analysis, and I don't think it rises to the level and intent of your question.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: I tried to avoid relativity so far, but I assume that EM radiation travels at C relative to it's source, as that is the only reference it has out in space, and all the Doppler & Lorentz formulas fit exactly, using that assumption. See my answer on https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/278788/special-relativity-length-contraction-confusion. Even if it traveled at a fixed speed through space, it should be approaching us more slowly if we are moving away, so could you tell me how it manages to travel between dishes in the same time without being conducted. There has to be a logical reason.  
> **username_1**: It's hard to do that and "avoid relativity" at the same time. All I can do here is answer your question as asked. This is how light works, whether we understand it or not. It always travels at the same speed in any frame of reference, and that's what makes relativity *unavoidable*. If you want to ask something different please go ahead and ask a new question.  

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