<p>Your thinking is incorrect.    High gravity, or, more specifically, strong tidal forces lead to tidal locking not faster spinning.   Moons are a good example of this.   The Earth's gravity keeps the same side of the Mon facing the Earth at all times.   The Moon still rotates but it's rotation is in sync with it's orbit around the Earth, 1:1, so the same size of the Moon (the heavier/denser side) always points towards Earth.   Many moons are tidally locked to their planets as a result of the strong tidal force.  Pluto and Charon are tidally locked to each other.   </p>

<p>That said, tidal locking takes a long time.  Just passing close to a massive object wouldn't stop a planet from rotating.   It takes many orbits to create the tidal locking, usually millions or billions.  Because planets tend to be pretty uniform in density, gravity doesn't affect their rotation very much. </p>

<p>A highly eccentric orbit, the sun isn't close to the center, either.   A low eccentricity orbit, the sun is close to the center.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/yVpQ5.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/yVpQ5.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>A highly eccentric orbit would affect seasons.  With no Axial tilt, the seasons would be entirely governed by the distance to the sun, not the position of the sun in the sky which governs seasons on Earth as it is.   To clarify, it's the Axial tilt that causes the seasons, not the distance to the sun.  But as you specified with zero axial tilt, then the distance would govern the seasons, but at Earth's current eccentricity, that effect would be small.   The greater the eccentricity the greater the seasonal variation in this hypothetical and the seasons would be planet wide, not alternating between the two hemispheres.    </p>

<p>Summer would also be shorter than winter due to the Earth moving faster around the sun at the closest point,</p>

<p>The days themselves wouldn't be affected much.   The length of a typical day (<a href="http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion3/sidereal_synodic.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Synodic</a>) would vary by a minute or two based on the Earth's orbital speed.  It wouldn't be very noticeable but with a perfect 0 degree axial tilt, the 12 hours of sunshine would vary slightly based on orbital speed and position in the eccentric orbit. . . and the size of the sun in the sky and atmospheric refraction. . . . but only a couple minutes here or there with the Earth's current rotation speed. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-09T14:57:39.783Z
A couple things:  I believe tidal lock cannot occur for a perfectly uniform density object, as there's no "pendulum effect."   And you should clarify that seasons are largely due to rotational tilt, not distance from the sun, so for perfectly vertical rotation, you'd probably have to have massive eccentricity (say 25% of the way to Mars) to get seasons -- and then the entire earth would have summer or winter at the same time!
Carl Witthoft
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-10T14:33:47.593Z
@CarlWitthoft  Updated with better info on Axial Tilt.   Because there are no perfectly uniform objects, I'm not going to fix that one for now, but it's true that different ranges of uniformity are a factor in the speed at which objects become tidally locked.
userLTK
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-09T13:51:24.830Z
2017-02-10T14:31:24.000Z
2017-02-10T14:31:24.000Z
userLTK
<p>If the Earth's rotational axis was perpendicular to the orbital plane, but the orbit also highly eccentric (sun at center), how would that affect the day/night cycles? </p>

<p>What I think is that during the time the Earth's closer to the sun, because the gravitational pull is stronger, it would make the Earth spin faster than thereby creating much shorter days than if the Earth was near the focii of the orbit (on which the days/nights would be longer). Is this line of thinking correct?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-09T13:56:33.957Z
@Phiteros  Mercury and Venus spin slower than the Earth, not faster, in part probably due to proximity to the sun.
userLTK
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-02-09T14:55:12.057Z
As noted in your previous question,  please don't try to get all your homework answered here.
Carl Witthoft
<orbit>
Eccentric Earth Orbit and Day/Night Cycles
Max
# Eccentric Earth Orbit and Day/Night Cycles

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-02-09)

If the Earth's rotational axis was perpendicular to the orbital plane, but the orbit also highly eccentric (sun at center), how would that affect the day/night cycles?

What I think is that during the time the Earth's closer to the sun, because the gravitational pull is stronger, it would make the Earth spin faster than thereby creating much shorter days than if the Earth was near the focii of the orbit (on which the days/nights would be longer). Is this line of thinking correct?

**Tags:** orbit
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: @Phiteros  Mercury and Venus spin slower than the Earth, not faster, in part probably due to proximity to the sun.  
> **username_2**: As noted in your previous question,  please don't try to get all your homework answered here.  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2017-02-09. Score: 2

Your thinking is incorrect. High gravity, or, more specifically, strong tidal forces lead to tidal locking not faster spinning. Moons are a good example of this. The Earth's gravity keeps the same side of the Mon facing the Earth at all times. The Moon still rotates but it's rotation is in sync with it's orbit around the Earth, 1:1, so the same size of the Moon (the heavier/denser side) always points towards Earth. Many moons are tidally locked to their planets as a result of the strong tidal force. Pluto and Charon are tidally locked to each other.

That said, tidal locking takes a long time. Just passing close to a massive object wouldn't stop a planet from rotating. It takes many orbits to create the tidal locking, usually millions or billions. Because planets tend to be pretty uniform in density, gravity doesn't affect their rotation very much.

A highly eccentric orbit, the sun isn't close to the center, either. A low eccentricity orbit, the sun is close to the center.

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/yVpQ5.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/yVpQ5.png)

A highly eccentric orbit would affect seasons. With no Axial tilt, the seasons would be entirely governed by the distance to the sun, not the position of the sun in the sky which governs seasons on Earth as it is. To clarify, it's the Axial tilt that causes the seasons, not the distance to the sun. But as you specified with zero axial tilt, then the distance would govern the seasons, but at Earth's current eccentricity, that effect would be small. The greater the eccentricity the greater the seasonal variation in this hypothetical and the seasons would be planet wide, not alternating between the two hemispheres.

Summer would also be shorter than winter due to the Earth moving faster around the sun at the closest point,

The days themselves wouldn't be affected much. The length of a typical day ([Synodic](http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion3/sidereal_synodic.html)) would vary by a minute or two based on the Earth's orbital speed. It wouldn't be very noticeable but with a perfect 0 degree axial tilt, the 12 hours of sunshine would vary slightly based on orbital speed and position in the eccentric orbit. . . and the size of the sun in the sky and atmospheric refraction. . . . but only a couple minutes here or there with the Earth's current rotation speed.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: A couple things:  I believe tidal lock cannot occur for a perfectly uniform density object, as there's no "pendulum effect."   And you should clarify that seasons are largely due to rotational tilt, not distance from the sun, so for perfectly vertical rotation, you'd probably have to have massive eccentricity (say 25% of the way to Mars) to get seasons -- and then the entire earth would have summer or winter at the same time!  
> **username_1**: @CarlWitthoft  Updated with better info on Axial Tilt.   Because there are no perfectly uniform objects, I'm not going to fix that one for now, but it's true that different ranges of uniformity are a factor in the speed at which objects become tidally locked.  

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