<p>Science isn't concerned with belief. The possibility of a dark energy term and therefore an accelerating universe is implicit in GR and in the consequent Friedmann-Lemaitre equations that govern the dynamics of the universe. When the supernova cosmology teams set out to measure the deceleration of the universe, the models that they fitted to their data explicitly allowed for the possibility that the universe might actually be accelerating. </p>

<p>However, such hypothetical universes had certainly been explored before. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe" rel="noreferrer">De Sitter universe</a> (proposed by Willem de Sitter in 1917) is an accelerating universe consisting only of a cosmological constant. Our own universe appears to be headed asymptotically towards being described as a De Sitter universe.</p>

<p>The idea of $\Lambda$ as a form of "dark energy" that had the <em>potential</em> to cause an accelerating universe was already put forward as an idea by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" rel="noreferrer">Lemaitre</a> in the late 1920s and early 30s. The picture below shows the evolution of the scale factor for families of solutions and was apparently made by Lemaitre in 1927 (see <a href="http://blogs.futura-sciences.com/e-luminet/2015/06/21/the-rise-of-big-bang-models-4-lemaitre/" rel="noreferrer">this science history blog about Lemaitre</a>). The upper 5 curves correspond to a universe that is accelerating today.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/WEpIw.jpg" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/WEpIw.jpg" alt="Scale factor in Lemaitre universe"></a></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-01-14T19:43:19.060Z
2017-01-14T19:43:19.060Z
ProfRob
<p>I couldn't find this answer anywhere.  Before 1998, was there a notable physicist who conjectured that the universe is accelerating and perhaps even submitted some equations to support it (and the existence of dark energy).  Such a hypothesis would likely have been rejected outright and fallen into oblivion, which is why I have to ask this question to get the answer.  And I don't mean Einstein's cosmological constant since he was trying to make the universe static rather than accelerating.  Someone who actually believed that the universe's expanding rate was increasing even before there was any evidence of it.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-01-15T16:14:41.470Z
Supernova brightness versus distance function looked to disagree with Hubble back in the late 90's: "The projects that studied them were called The Supernova Cosmology Project, the High-Z Supernova Search Team, and the Supernova Legacy Survey." http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/85-the-universe/supernovae/general-questions/404-how-do-supernovae-show-us-that-the-universe-s-expansion-is-accelerating-advanced
Wayfaring Stranger
<universe>
Who first hypothesized that the universe is accelerating?
prestokeys
# Who first hypothesized that the universe is accelerating?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-01-14)

I couldn't find this answer anywhere. Before 1998, was there a notable physicist who conjectured that the universe is accelerating and perhaps even submitted some equations to support it (and the existence of dark energy). Such a hypothesis would likely have been rejected outright and fallen into oblivion, which is why I have to ask this question to get the answer. And I don't mean Einstein's cosmological constant since he was trying to make the universe static rather than accelerating. Someone who actually believed that the universe's expanding rate was increasing even before there was any evidence of it.

**Tags:** universe
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Supernova brightness versus distance function looked to disagree with Hubble back in the late 90's: "The projects that studied them were called The Supernova Cosmology Project, the High-Z Supernova Search Team, and the Supernova Legacy Survey." http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/85-the-universe/supernovae/general-questions/404-how-do-supernovae-show-us-that-the-universe-s-expansion-is-accelerating-advanced  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2017-01-14. Score: 8

Science isn't concerned with belief. The possibility of a dark energy term and therefore an accelerating universe is implicit in GR and in the consequent Friedmann-Lemaitre equations that govern the dynamics of the universe. When the supernova cosmology teams set out to measure the deceleration of the universe, the models that they fitted to their data explicitly allowed for the possibility that the universe might actually be accelerating.

However, such hypothetical universes had certainly been explored before. The [De Sitter universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe) (proposed by Willem de Sitter in 1917) is an accelerating universe consisting only of a cosmological constant. Our own universe appears to be headed asymptotically towards being described as a De Sitter universe.

The idea of $\Lambda$ as a form of "dark energy" that had the *potential* to cause an accelerating universe was already put forward as an idea by [Lemaitre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre) in the late 1920s and early 30s. The picture below shows the evolution of the scale factor for families of solutions and was apparently made by Lemaitre in 1927 (see [this science history blog about Lemaitre](http://blogs.futura-sciences.com/e-luminet/2015/06/21/the-rise-of-big-bang-models-4-lemaitre/)). The upper 5 curves correspond to a universe that is accelerating today.

[![Scale factor in Lemaitre universe](https://i.sstatic.net/WEpIw.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/WEpIw.jpg)


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