<p>The great scientist Johannes Kepler wrote a very unusual work called <em>Somnium</em> (&quot;The Dream&quot;).  It is sort of a cross between a science fiction story and a scientific description of the Moon.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Somnium began as a student dissertation in which Kepler defended the Copernican doctrine of the motion of the Earth, suggesting that an observer on the Moon would find the planet's movements as clearly visible as the Moon's activity is to the Earth's inhabitants. Nearly 20 years later, Kepler added the dream framework, and after another decade, he drafted a series of explanatory notes reflecting upon his turbulent career and the stages of his intellectual development. The book was edited by Ludwig Kepler and Jacob Bartsch, after Kepler's death in 1630.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium_(novel)#Development" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium_(novel)#Development</a></p>
<p><em>Somnium</em> was first published in 1634.  And no doubt it described how (though not why) the Moon was tidally locked to the Earth.  In fact it gives different names to the two hemispheres of the Moon.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Levania is divided into two hemispheres called Privolva and Subvolva. The two hemispheres are divided by the divisor. Privolva never sees Earth (Volva), Subvolva sees Volva as their moon. Volva goes throughout the same phases as the actual Moon.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium_(novel)#Plot_summary" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium_(novel)#Plot_summary</a></p>
<p>So as early as 1634 readers interested in science could find a description of the near side of the Moon that always sees the Earth and the far side of the Moon that never sees the Earth.</p>
<p>And I expect that any previous scientists and philosophers who wrote about the moon would have noticed that the pattern of light and dark areas - or at least as much of it as was in sunlight at the moment - was always the same, and thus that the Moon always kept the same side facing the Earth.  And that would prove that there was a side of the Moon that never faced the Earth.</p>
<p>So I expect that philosophers and scientists knew that there is a far side of the Moon which always faces away from Earth for thousands of years.</p>
<p>Added Dec. 06 2021.</p>
<p>According to <em>The Guinness Book of Astronomy Facts &amp; Feats</em>, Patrick Moore,1979, 1983, page 26:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>The first detailed statement that the Moon has a synchronous rotation</strong> was made by G.D. Cassini in1693, though Galileo may also have realized it.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>So Moore was unaware of any scientist or philipsopher saying that one side of the moon always faced the Earth, and the other always faced wawy, before Cassini in 1693.  That means that Moore didn't know of any pre telescopic statement that one side of the Moon always faced the Earth.  And Moore might have been correct about pre telescopic observations.</p>
<p>But Kepler's <em>Somnium</em> does state that one side of the Moon faces the Earth and one side faces away from the Earth, and thus is the far side.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-11-24T09:42:16.527Z
Fascinating, thank you for taking the time to describe what I suppose is an extremely early Western science fiction!
lowercasename
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-11-22T20:53:40.700Z
2021-12-06T17:15:13.380Z
2021-12-06T17:15:13.380Z
M. A. Golding
<p>The far side of the Moon is the side which always faces away from the Earth, due to tidal locking. Due to libration, about 18% of this far side can be seen at one point or another through telescopes.</p>
<p>Culturally, there are many stories, some very old, about the near side of the Moon and its features, including the rabbit and the man in the moon and mythological moon beings.</p>
<p>Considering that the far side of the moon was only properly observed in the 1960s, how long ago did a human culture start forming an idea of the far side of the moon as a place? Was it when the first observations suggested that planetary bodies and the Earth were round? Was it earlier than that?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-11-22T17:20:30.947Z
Probably prehistoric. That the sun and moon are "ball shaped" is implicit in, for example Ancient Egyptian which is right at the start of history. There were surely prehistoric people who thought the same, which in turn implies a far side. But being prehistoric, there are no records
James K
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-11-22T17:50:15.090Z
related:- https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/44361/moons-rotation-and-revolution/44371#44371
Connor Garcia
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-11-22T18:00:36.263Z
Like @JamesK says, we can only be sure for as far back as there are records.  The idea is at least as old as Shi Shen, a Chinese astronomer from the 4th century BCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_astronomy#Solar_and_lunar_eclipses.
Connor Garcia
<observational-astronomy><the-moon><history>
How old is the idea of the far side of the Moon?
lowercasename
# How old is the idea of the far side of the Moon?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-11-22)

The far side of the Moon is the side which always faces away from the Earth, due to tidal locking. Due to libration, about 18% of this far side can be seen at one point or another through telescopes.

Culturally, there are many stories, some very old, about the near side of the Moon and its features, including the rabbit and the man in the moon and mythological moon beings.

Considering that the far side of the moon was only properly observed in the 1960s, how long ago did a human culture start forming an idea of the far side of the moon as a place? Was it when the first observations suggested that planetary bodies and the Earth were round? Was it earlier than that?

**Tags:** observational-astronomy, the-moon, history
> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Probably prehistoric. That the sun and moon are "ball shaped" is implicit in, for example Ancient Egyptian which is right at the start of history. There were surely prehistoric people who thought the same, which in turn implies a far side. But being prehistoric, there are no records  
> **username_2**: related:- https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/44361/moons-rotation-and-revolution/44371#44371  
> **username_2**: Like @JamesK says, we can only be sure for as far back as there are records.  The idea is at least as old as Shi Shen, a Chinese astronomer from the 4th century BCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_astronomy#Solar_and_lunar_eclipses.  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2021-11-22. Score: 5 | Accepted answer

The great scientist Johannes Kepler wrote a very unusual work called *Somnium* ("The Dream"). It is sort of a cross between a science fiction story and a scientific description of the Moon.

> Somnium began as a student dissertation in which Kepler defended the Copernican doctrine of the motion of the Earth, suggesting that an observer on the Moon would find the planet's movements as clearly visible as the Moon's activity is to the Earth's inhabitants. Nearly 20 years later, Kepler added the dream framework, and after another decade, he drafted a series of explanatory notes reflecting upon his turbulent career and the stages of his intellectual development. The book was edited by Ludwig Kepler and Jacob Bartsch, after Kepler's death in 1630.

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium_(novel)#Development>

*Somnium* was first published in 1634. And no doubt it described how (though not why) the Moon was tidally locked to the Earth. In fact it gives different names to the two hemispheres of the Moon.

> Levania is divided into two hemispheres called Privolva and Subvolva. The two hemispheres are divided by the divisor. Privolva never sees Earth (Volva), Subvolva sees Volva as their moon. Volva goes throughout the same phases as the actual Moon.

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium_(novel)#Plot_summary>

So as early as 1634 readers interested in science could find a description of the near side of the Moon that always sees the Earth and the far side of the Moon that never sees the Earth.

And I expect that any previous scientists and philosophers who wrote about the moon would have noticed that the pattern of light and dark areas - or at least as much of it as was in sunlight at the moment - was always the same, and thus that the Moon always kept the same side facing the Earth. And that would prove that there was a side of the Moon that never faced the Earth.

So I expect that philosophers and scientists knew that there is a far side of the Moon which always faces away from Earth for thousands of years.

Added Dec. 06 2021.

According to *The Guinness Book of Astronomy Facts & Feats*, Patrick Moore,1979, 1983, page 26:

> **The first detailed statement that the Moon has a synchronous rotation** was made by G.D. Cassini in1693, though Galileo may also have realized it.

So Moore was unaware of any scientist or philipsopher saying that one side of the moon always faced the Earth, and the other always faced wawy, before Cassini in 1693. That means that Moore didn't know of any pre telescopic statement that one side of the Moon always faced the Earth. And Moore might have been correct about pre telescopic observations.

But Kepler's *Somnium* does state that one side of the Moon faces the Earth and one side faces away from the Earth, and thus is the far side.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Fascinating, thank you for taking the time to describe what I suppose is an extremely early Western science fiction!  

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