<blockquote>
<p>Can we prove this hypothesis by looking at the distorted images of distant heavy objects in space? einstein rings form in this case. Would they be different if the light that comes to us is converging?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>No. Effect would be too weak.</p>
<p>But we can observe fast moving gas clouds, and note that kinetic energy does not seem to cause any compressive force on the gas cloud.</p>
<p>If said gas cloud is deformed by tidal forces caused by another object that does not move with the gas cloud, we can observe that the compressive forces seem to be even weaker than normally. I mean forces resisting the deformation seem to be weakened.</p>
<p>It is just a matter of opinion that the cloud moves fast, and so is everything that follows from that opinion. An alternative opinion would be that the cloud moves slowly and a fast moving passing object exerts an extra large deforming force on it.</p>
<p>Oh yes, I should talk about light beams. Well, two almost parallel light beams is just two photon-gas clouds that move very fast. Exactly parallel beams or photons is an impossibility.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-06-28T03:02:36.987Z
This answer seems to ignore the question until the final paragraph, and then dismisses the possibility of Bonnor beams without seeming to understand what they are. A Bonnor beam is an explicit example of axisymmetric pp-waves (an exact solutions of Einstein's field equations). A mathematical characteristic of Bonnor beams is that parallel beams do *not* converge.
Chappo Hasn't Forgotten
CC BY-SA 4.0
2022-06-25T23:07:15.313Z
2022-06-25T23:07:15.313Z
stuffu
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnor_beam" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Bonnor beams</a> are light beams of infinite extent and small thickness. They have an associated spacetime (related to their energy and momentum which shapes the stress-energy tensor) of which Bonnor calculated the characteristics.</p>
<p>If two of these beams are parallel nothing will happen. They stay parallel forever. If they are anti-parallel though, they will converge towards each other. That is their momenta are opposite. Their energy can always be made equal by putting yourself in the right inertial frame (light doesn't have intrinsic energy like a mass has an intrinsic rest mass).</p>
<p>Now if we place a mass stationary wrt the beam (in our frame of reference), the mass will be dragged along in the direction of the momentum of the beam. Due to the energy of the beam, the mass will gravitate towards the beam too. and the beam will gravitate towards the mass.</p>
<p>This is not the case for the beams. If they move parallel, they won't gravitate to one another, nor will they be dragged along (they simply <em>can't</em> be dragged along because they have zero momentum wrt each other). If the beams are anti-parallel, the beams will gravitate towards one another ( because of their energy) and they will be dragged in the opposite direction to their momenta. But because their relative velocities will stay the same only their energies will be affected (so not their velocity).</p>
<p>But why will the beams not gravitate toward one another if they are parallel? They possess energy so you should expect this to happen. But according to the theory, it doesn't happen.</p>
<p>Can we prove this hypothesis by looking at the distorted images  of distant heavy objects in space? einstein rings form in this case. Would they be different if the light that comes to us is converging?</p>

<general-relativity>
About the strange case of Bonnor beams
Deschele Schilder
# About the strange case of Bonnor beams

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-06-04)

[Bonnor beams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnor_beam) are light beams of infinite extent and small thickness. They have an associated spacetime (related to their energy and momentum which shapes the stress-energy tensor) of which Bonnor calculated the characteristics.

If two of these beams are parallel nothing will happen. They stay parallel forever. If they are anti-parallel though, they will converge towards each other. That is their momenta are opposite. Their energy can always be made equal by putting yourself in the right inertial frame (light doesn't have intrinsic energy like a mass has an intrinsic rest mass).

Now if we place a mass stationary wrt the beam (in our frame of reference), the mass will be dragged along in the direction of the momentum of the beam. Due to the energy of the beam, the mass will gravitate towards the beam too. and the beam will gravitate towards the mass.

This is not the case for the beams. If they move parallel, they won't gravitate to one another, nor will they be dragged along (they simply *can't* be dragged along because they have zero momentum wrt each other). If the beams are anti-parallel, the beams will gravitate towards one another ( because of their energy) and they will be dragged in the opposite direction to their momenta. But because their relative velocities will stay the same only their energies will be affected (so not their velocity).

But why will the beams not gravitate toward one another if they are parallel? They possess energy so you should expect this to happen. But according to the theory, it doesn't happen.

Can we prove this hypothesis by looking at the distorted images of distant heavy objects in space? einstein rings form in this case. Would they be different if the light that comes to us is converging?

**Tags:** general-relativity

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2022-06-25. Score: -1

> Can we prove this hypothesis by looking at the distorted images of distant heavy objects in space? einstein rings form in this case. Would they be different if the light that comes to us is converging?

No. Effect would be too weak.

But we can observe fast moving gas clouds, and note that kinetic energy does not seem to cause any compressive force on the gas cloud.

If said gas cloud is deformed by tidal forces caused by another object that does not move with the gas cloud, we can observe that the compressive forces seem to be even weaker than normally. I mean forces resisting the deformation seem to be weakened.

It is just a matter of opinion that the cloud moves fast, and so is everything that follows from that opinion. An alternative opinion would be that the cloud moves slowly and a fast moving passing object exerts an extra large deforming force on it.

Oh yes, I should talk about light beams. Well, two almost parallel light beams is just two photon-gas clouds that move very fast. Exactly parallel beams or photons is an impossibility.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: This answer seems to ignore the question until the final paragraph, and then dismisses the possibility of Bonnor beams without seeming to understand what they are. A Bonnor beam is an explicit example of axisymmetric pp-waves (an exact solutions of Einstein's field equations). A mathematical characteristic of Bonnor beams is that parallel beams do *not* converge.  

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