Answers.Body: <p>From a technical point of view, cellular neural networks unlike many recent deep learning networks perform local computations. It is true that recent deep learning algorithms often use (self-)supervised backpropagation-based learning algorithms. Other algorithms, however, such as Hinton's recently introduced <a href="https://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ehinton/FFA13.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Forward-Forward algorithm</a> also use local computations and is certainly considered a neural network.</p>
  <p>Since this question deals with terminology let's also look at the term's origin.
  The study of the nervous system tissue (as it can be found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system) known as neurons is what most people consider <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience" rel="nofollow noreferrer">neuroscience</a>. This multidisciplinary endeavor mainly investigates the origin of behavior through a biological lens. Learning within neural tissue occurs on the micro-, meso- and macro-level and across several temporal orders of magnitude. Molecular DNA-based changes, single neuron plasticity, or network-level changes can all be considered learning.</p>
  <p>Among the first to model learning on a specific level of granularity using mathematical modeling were <a href="https://waldirbertazzijr.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/mcp.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts</a> in the 1940s. Their neurophysiological model of neural activity is considered the <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2017/explained-neural-networks-deep-learning-0414" rel="nofollow noreferrer">origin of neural networks</a>. Since then work on neural networks (such as the work by Hebb, Rosenblatt, Rumelhart &amp; McClelland, and Hinton) is at the intersection between cognitive science, computational neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. <a href="https://nerdyelectronics.com/a-quick-history-of-ai-ml-and-dl/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Source of the image</a>.</p>
  <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/pvZYc.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/pvZYc.jpg" alt="Computational Neuroscience History" /></a></p>
  <p>Given the widespread use of the term neural network within difference disciplines, the rich history of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial_neural_networks#:%7E:text=The%20history%20of%20artificial%20neural,to%20split%20into%20two%20approaches" rel="nofollow noreferrer">artificial neural networks</a> and the actual existence of a wide range of mechanisms within biological tissue, cellular neural networks can certainly be called neural networks.</p>
  
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Body: <p>I am researching <strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_neural_network" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Cellular Neural Networks</a></strong> and have already read <strong>Chua</strong>'s two articles (<strong>1988</strong>). In cellular neural networks, a cell is only in relation with its neighbors. So it is easy to use them for real-time image processing. Image processing is performed with only <strong>19 numbers</strong> (two 3x3 matrices, called A and B, and one bias value).</p>
  <p>I wonder if we can call cellular neural networks <em><strong>neural networks</strong></em>, because there is no learning algorithm.  They are neither <strong>supervised</strong> nor <strong>unsupervised</strong>.</p>
  
Tags: <neural-networks><terminology><cellular-neural-networks>
Title: Are Cellular Neural Networks one type of Neural Networks?
UserDisplayName: netizen
ThreadText: # Are Cellular Neural Networks one type of Neural Networks?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2016-11-27)
  
  I am researching **[Cellular Neural Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_neural_network)** and have already read **Chua**'s two articles (**1988**). In cellular neural networks, a cell is only in relation with its neighbors. So it is easy to use them for real-time image processing. Image processing is performed with only **19 numbers** (two 3x3 matrices, called A and B, and one bias value).
  
  I wonder if we can call cellular neural networks ***neural networks***, because there is no learning algorithm. They are neither **supervised** nor **unsupervised**.
  
  **Tags:** neural-networks, terminology, cellular-neural-networks
  
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  ## 1 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_1 on 2023-01-03. Score: 0
  
  From a technical point of view, cellular neural networks unlike many recent deep learning networks perform local computations. It is true that recent deep learning algorithms often use (self-)supervised backpropagation-based learning algorithms. Other algorithms, however, such as Hinton's recently introduced [Forward-Forward algorithm](https://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ehinton/FFA13.pdf) also use local computations and is certainly considered a neural network.
  
  Since this question deals with terminology let's also look at the term's origin.
  The study of the nervous system tissue (as it can be found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system) known as neurons is what most people consider [neuroscience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience). This multidisciplinary endeavor mainly investigates the origin of behavior through a biological lens. Learning within neural tissue occurs on the micro-, meso- and macro-level and across several temporal orders of magnitude. Molecular DNA-based changes, single neuron plasticity, or network-level changes can all be considered learning.
  
  Among the first to model learning on a specific level of granularity using mathematical modeling were [Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts](https://waldirbertazzijr.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/mcp.pdf) in the 1940s. Their neurophysiological model of neural activity is considered the [origin of neural networks](https://news.mit.edu/2017/explained-neural-networks-deep-learning-0414). Since then work on neural networks (such as the work by Hebb, Rosenblatt, Rumelhart & McClelland, and Hinton) is at the intersection between cognitive science, computational neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. [Source of the image](https://nerdyelectronics.com/a-quick-history-of-ai-ml-and-dl/).
  
  [![Computational Neuroscience History](https://i.sstatic.net/pvZYc.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/pvZYc.jpg)
  
  Given the widespread use of the term neural network within difference disciplines, the rich history of [artificial neural networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial_neural_networks#:%7E:text=The%20history%20of%20artificial%20neural,to%20split%20into%20two%20approaches) and the actual existence of a wide range of mechanisms within biological tissue, cellular neural networks can certainly be called neural networks.
  
  
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