<p>There are printers designed for medical use, and the manufacturers supply them with varying levels of <a href="http://www.medicalplasticsnews.com/opinion/passing-the-test_1/" rel="nofollow">certification and testing</a>, however I've not seen a filament manufacturer certify their material as bio-compatible separate from the printer. The printing process changes the material slightly in the best case (and significantly with poor temperature control or badly set parameters), so even if bio-compatible filament were found, the resulting product might not achieve the same level of bio-compatibility.</p>

<p>If your intent is to use hobbyist level machine for medical purposes, you might simply want to use an interface, such as a sock or a molded/cast polymer that you know to be bio-compatible between the printed part and the skin.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-01-15T08:03:47.390Z
I guess it's still a bit early to have certitudes on these questions. Thank you for your input. I will wait to see if there are more answers out there, but ultimately will tinker with the materials myself, and make the results available to the general public.
Silver Quettier
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-01-13T12:48:36.293Z
2016-01-13T12:48:36.293Z
Adam Davis
<p>If you want to know something about what you are questioning, it is interesting to you to read <a href="http://e-nable.org/resources/prosthetics-students-consultation/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://e-nable.org/resources/prosthetics-students-consultation/</a></p>

<p>That's a link with complementary information how to print 3D as a volunteer.</p>

<p>I know that is not enough information about products, but I believe Nylon is the best recommend because it is what generally printers are using, though.</p>

<p>This website supports information with Dr. Chang by the e-mail eagle01@rocketmail.com</p>

<p>but there insnt information about the components used in the prosthetics, but I know that Nylon is the best suited to it nowadays. </p>

<p>If you prefer there is a site with makers loging information about PETG:
<a href="https://www.matterhackers.com/news/how-to-succeed-when-printing-with-petg-filament" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.matterhackers.com/news/how-to-succeed-when-printing-with-petg-filament</a></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-02T22:38:27.857Z
Hello and welcome to the stack! Please take the [tour]. Link Only answers are not what the stack strives for. E-nable is a well known program about printing external prothetics, but it is done with non-biocompatible materials, as they don't need to be biocompatible.
Trish
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-04T16:06:34.637Z
Your note to the mail of Dr. Chang is nice, but you might want to tell *why* you tell us polyamide (nylon) is best. You only added more links, tell us their *contents*
Trish
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-06T01:41:49.480Z
Thanks for your answer but we are looking for comprehensive answers that provide some explanation and context. Very short answers cannot do this, so please [edit] your answer to explain why it is right. Additionally, we prefer answers to be self contained where possible. [*link only*](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/8231/) answers are frowned upon (as links [tend to rot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_rot)) & will be rendered useless if the linked-to content disappears. If you add more context and detail from the link, it is more likely that people will find your answer useful.
Greenonline
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-02-02T19:52:58.710Z
2019-02-04T15:21:46.950Z
2019-02-04T15:21:46.950Z
Thiago Felipe Navarro
<p>I am currently working on parts for a custom prosthesis.</p>

<p>My main concern at the moment is to find biocompatible materials that can be 3D printed from a UP or a Reprap.
The piece would need to be in contact with the skin for extended periods of time, probably around 17 hours a day on average.</p>

<p>The main concerns I have are:</p>

<ul>
<li>Skin reactions caused by prolonged contact</li>
<li>Skin reactions and bruising caused by friction</li>
<li>Degradation of the materials due to prolonged exposure to skin secretions and sweat</li>
<li>Risks of toxicity in the compounds generated by the aforementioned material degradation</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Which materials can you recommend?</strong> </p>

<p><strong>Any extensive data (from testing) would be greatly appreciated.</strong></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-01-13T09:01:22.773Z
Is there any reason general-purpose plastics (like ABS, PLA) are not suitable for your application? They are used in everything from keyboards, phones, Lego bricks to drinking cups and cutlery. It seems unlikely that skin contact with these plastics could be an issue.
Tom van der Zanden
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-01-13T10:16:05.633Z
@TomvanderZanden I am concerned about prolonged use and reaction to skin's secretions, but this was unclear in my quesion, I will elaborate. Thanks for the input!
Silver Quettier
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-01-13T12:49:14.803Z
@AdamDavis I see your point. Would yopu feel more comfortable with an edited question stating that this question is about tests, results and observations, but not certifications and medical advice, and should not be taken as such?
Silver Quettier
<health><filament-choice><medical>
Are there biocompatible materials available to the general public?
Silver Quettier
# Are there biocompatible materials available to the general public?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-01-13)

I am currently working on parts for a custom prosthesis.

My main concern at the moment is to find biocompatible materials that can be 3D printed from a UP or a Reprap.
The piece would need to be in contact with the skin for extended periods of time, probably around 17 hours a day on average.

The main concerns I have are:

* Skin reactions caused by prolonged contact
* Skin reactions and bruising caused by friction
* Degradation of the materials due to prolonged exposure to skin secretions and sweat
* Risks of toxicity in the compounds generated by the aforementioned material degradation

**Which materials can you recommend?**

**Any extensive data (from testing) would be greatly appreciated.**

**Tags:** health, filament-choice, medical

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Is there any reason general-purpose plastics (like ABS, PLA) are not suitable for your application? They are used in everything from keyboards, phones, Lego bricks to drinking cups and cutlery. It seems unlikely that skin contact with these plastics could be an issue.  
> **username_0**: @username_1 I am concerned about prolonged use and reaction to skin's secretions, but this was unclear in my quesion, I will elaborate. Thanks for the input!  
> **username_0**: @username_2 I see your point. Would yopu feel more comfortable with an edited question stating that this question is about tests, results and observations, but not certifications and medical advice, and should not be taken as such?  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2016-01-13. Score: 4

There are printers designed for medical use, and the manufacturers supply them with varying levels of [certification and testing](http://www.medicalplasticsnews.com/opinion/passing-the-test_1/), however I've not seen a filament manufacturer certify their material as bio-compatible separate from the printer. The printing process changes the material slightly in the best case (and significantly with poor temperature control or badly set parameters), so even if bio-compatible filament were found, the resulting product might not achieve the same level of bio-compatibility.

If your intent is to use hobbyist level machine for medical purposes, you might simply want to use an interface, such as a sock or a molded/cast polymer that you know to be bio-compatible between the printed part and the skin.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: I guess it's still a bit early to have certitudes on these questions. Thank you for your input. I will wait to see if there are more answers out there, but ultimately will tinker with the materials myself, and make the results available to the general public.  

---

### Answer by username_3 on 2019-02-02. Score: -3

If you want to know something about what you are questioning, it is interesting to you to read <http://e-nable.org/resources/prosthetics-students-consultation/>

That's a link with complementary information how to print 3D as a volunteer.

I know that is not enough information about products, but I believe Nylon is the best recommend because it is what generally printers are using, though.

This website supports information with Dr. Chang by the e-mail eagle01@rocketmail.com

but there insnt information about the components used in the prosthetics, but I know that Nylon is the best suited to it nowadays.

If you prefer there is a site with makers loging information about PETG:
<https://www.matterhackers.com/news/how-to-succeed-when-printing-with-petg-filament>

> **Comments:**
> **username_4**: Hello and welcome to the stack! Please take the [tour]. Link Only answers are not what the stack strives for. E-nable is a well known program about printing external prothetics, but it is done with non-biocompatible materials, as they don't need to be biocompatible.  
> **username_4**: Your note to the mail of Dr. Chang is nice, but you might want to tell *why* you tell us polyamide (nylon) is best. You only added more links, tell us their *contents*  
> **username_5**: Thanks for your answer but we are looking for comprehensive answers that provide some explanation and context. Very short answers cannot do this, so please [edit] your answer to explain why it is right. Additionally, we prefer answers to be self contained where possible. [*link only*](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/8231/) answers are frowned upon (as links [tend to rot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_rot)) & will be rendered useless if the linked-to content disappears. If you add more context and detail from the link, it is more likely that people will find your answer useful.  

---

