Answers.Body: <p>I am not sure the software mentioned by Rasmus take vegetation into account. It depends on the methods implemented by the software. NoiseModelling is based on CNOSSOS-EU. This prediction model does not consider vegetation. SoundPLAN or CadnaA (<a href="https://www.datakustik.com/products/cadnaa/cadnaa" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.datakustik.com/products/cadnaa/cadnaa</a>) may offer several prediction models beside CNOSSOS-EU.</p>
  <p>Depending on what you are looking for, vegetation may not be an issue at all, for instance when dealing with isolated trees or hedges and if what you want is the attenuation in dB. But if the bird sings in a forest and you want to study how the signal is distorted both in the frequency and the time domain as it propagates, then you really need to include the effect of foliage and/or tree trunks.</p>
  <p>I can mention another open-source software named Code_TYMPAN (<a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/code-tympan/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://sourceforge.net/projects/code-tympan/</a>) that implements at least one solver based on ISO 9613-2. The current version of the standard (1996) takes into account attenuation through a forest to some degree. But this does not mean that this specific feature is implemented in Code_TYMPAN. It may have been deemed unessential by the developers.</p>
  <p>Since you mention temperature in the parameters of interest for you, this is certainly relevant for atmospheric attenuation in combination with humidity. But beyond a certain range meteorological effects may play a significant role. In that case, you would need the vertical temperature <em>gradient</em> and the occasional wind speed gradient as well.</p>
  
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Answers.CreationDate: 2022-08-24T07:39:50.373Z
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Guillaume Dutilleux
Answers.Body: <p>I have no experience with this in air, but my colleagues use SoundPLAN (<a href="https://www.soundplan.eu/en/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.soundplan.eu/en/</a>) for environmentail noise modelling, however this comes with a hefty pricetag. Maybe try out the open-source &quot;noisemodelling&quot; (<a href="https://noise-planet.org/noisemodelling.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://noise-planet.org/noisemodelling.html</a>)
  With nice user manual here: <a href="https://noisemodelling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Get_Started_GUI.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://noisemodelling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Get_Started_GUI.html</a></p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2022-07-28T14:45:20.860Z
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Answers.LastEditDate: 2022-07-28T15:06:00.223Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Rasmus
Body: <p>I would like to model the propagation of a bird call in a landscape, taking into account, landscape vegetation, slope, temperature and so on.</p>
  <p>I found SPREAD-GIS (ARC_Gis module) a while ago and it did exactly what I needed but was limited to 2khz.</p>
  <p>How can I simulate sound propagation for a bird song (which has &gt;= 2kHz spectral content)?</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2022-07-28T17:33:28.387Z
Comments.Text: Can you make the main title question more specific? It might help to get the answers you want
Comments.UserDisplayName: ASimonis
Tags: <birdsong><propagation>
Title: Tools to simulate bird call sound propagation at a landscape scale
ThreadText: # Tools to simulate bird call sound propagation at a landscape scale
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2022-07-21)
  
  I would like to model the propagation of a bird call in a landscape, taking into account, landscape vegetation, slope, temperature and so on.
  
  I found SPREAD-GIS (ARC\_Gis module) a while ago and it did exactly what I needed but was limited to 2khz.
  
  How can I simulate sound propagation for a bird song (which has >= 2kHz spectral content)?
  
  **Tags:** birdsong, propagation
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: Can you make the main title question more specific? It might help to get the answers you want  
  
  ---
  
  ## 2 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_2 on 2022-08-24. Score: 3 | Accepted answer
  
  I am not sure the software mentioned by username_3 take vegetation into account. It depends on the methods implemented by the software. NoiseModelling is based on CNOSSOS-EU. This prediction model does not consider vegetation. SoundPLAN or CadnaA (<https://www.datakustik.com/products/cadnaa/cadnaa>) may offer several prediction models beside CNOSSOS-EU.
  
  Depending on what you are looking for, vegetation may not be an issue at all, for instance when dealing with isolated trees or hedges and if what you want is the attenuation in dB. But if the bird sings in a forest and you want to study how the signal is distorted both in the frequency and the time domain as it propagates, then you really need to include the effect of foliage and/or tree trunks.
  
  I can mention another open-source software named Code\_TYMPAN (<https://sourceforge.net/projects/code-tympan/>) that implements at least one solver based on ISO 9613-2. The current version of the standard (1996) takes into account attenuation through a forest to some degree. But this does not mean that this specific feature is implemented in Code\_TYMPAN. It may have been deemed unessential by the developers.
  
  Since you mention temperature in the parameters of interest for you, this is certainly relevant for atmospheric attenuation in combination with humidity. But beyond a certain range meteorological effects may play a significant role. In that case, you would need the vertical temperature *gradient* and the occasional wind speed gradient as well.
  
  
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  ### Answer by username_3 on 2022-07-28. Score: 3
  
  I have no experience with this in air, but my colleagues use SoundPLAN (<https://www.soundplan.eu/en/>) for environmentail noise modelling, however this comes with a hefty pricetag. Maybe try out the open-source "noisemodelling" (<https://noise-planet.org/noisemodelling.html>)
  With nice user manual here: <https://noisemodelling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Get_Started_GUI.html>
  
  
  ---
  
  