Answers.Body: <p>A marine mammal that comes to mind is the Cross Seamount beaked whale (BWC). It produces a very unique echolocation click that has only been detected at night, both on towed arrays and bottom-mounted recorders, near Cross Seamount and around the Hawaiian Islands. Hence, no visual observations. All we know is that it's a beaked whale of some kind.</p>
  
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Answers.Text: BWC has also been detected (at night) near Baja California! 
  https://swfsc-publications.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/CR/2020/2020Simonis3.pdf
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Answers.Text: Right! Good call!
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Answers.Body: <p>Ocean fish species commonly have a very specific time of day that they chorus (e.g. only for 1 hour) and this is often primarily at night or during crepuscular periods (dawn and dusk).  Here's one example in the literature:</p>
  <p>Rice, AN , Soldevilla, MS, Quinlan, JA. 2017.  Nocturnal patterns in fish chorusing off the coasts of Georgia and eastern Florida.  Bulletin of Marine Science. 93(2):455-474.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2016.1043" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2016.1043</a></p>
  <p>I don't know that this means they don't/can't ever produce the calls during the daytime though.</p>
  
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Answers.Body: <p>Sort of answering your question - the time of day at which a vocalization is produced can also indicate the <em>activity</em> of the whale...</p>
  <p>Take for example, this paper:</p>
  <blockquote>
  <p>William K. Oestreich, James A. Fahlbusch, David E. Cade, John
  Calambokidis, Tetyana Margolina, John Joseph, Ari S. Friedlaender,
  Megan F. McKenna, Alison K. Stimpert, Brandon L. Southall, Jeremy A.
  Goldbogen, John P. Ryan. (2020). &quot;Animal-Borne Metrics Enable Acoustic
  Detection of Blue Whale Migration&quot;, Current Biology, Volume 30(23):
  4773-4779.e3, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.105" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.105</a>.</p>
  </blockquote>
  <p>Whereby PAM and movement data from blue whales revealed that &quot;foraging blue whales sing primarily at night, whereas migratory whales sing primarily during the day.&quot; This is an awesome discovery for their conservation and mgmt, as it enables monitors to effectively acoustically detect large scale transitions in behavior.</p>
  
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Body: <p>I have been reading about the diel patterns of vocalizing whales. Some baleen whales have been found to increase calling at night: blue whales (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347204004816" rel="noreferrer">Stafford et al., 2005</a>; <a href="https://www.cetus.ucsd.edu/docs/publications/WigginsAqMam2005.pdf" rel="noreferrer">Wiggins et al., 2005</a>), North Pacific right whale (<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00219.x" rel="noreferrer">Munger et al. 2005</a>), and humpback whales (<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00949.x" rel="noreferrer">Au et al 2000)</a> to name a few.</p>
  <p>Hypotheses which are related to mating, territory defense, foraging, sensing the environment, or a combination of these functions, among others. However, these whales still produce the calls during the daytime, just at lower rates.</p>
  <p>Are there any marine animals that produce a unique vocalization only at nighttime (and not in the daytime)?</p>
  
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Comments.Text: Also, I always feel like I also need to apologize for knowing squat about fish vocalizations. Because I feel like answers to many of my questions are: fish.
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Comments.Text: It's how I feel about the marine mammal questions as a terrestrially-based person! :)
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Tags: <vocalization><marine-mammals>
Title: Any marine-mammal species that produce a nighttime only vocalization?
ThreadText: # Any marine-mammal species that produce a nighttime only vocalization?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2022-07-19)
  
  I have been reading about the diel patterns of vocalizing whales. Some baleen whales have been found to increase calling at night: blue whales ([Stafford et al., 2005](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347204004816); [Wiggins et al., 2005](https://www.cetus.ucsd.edu/docs/publications/WigginsAqMam2005.pdf)), North Pacific right whale ([Munger et al. 2005](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00219.x)), and humpback whales ([Au et al 2000)](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00949.x) to name a few.
  
  Hypotheses which are related to mating, territory defense, foraging, sensing the environment, or a combination of these functions, among others. However, these whales still produce the calls during the daytime, just at lower rates.
  
  Are there any marine animals that produce a unique vocalization only at nighttime (and not in the daytime)?
  
  **Tags:** vocalization, marine-mammals
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_0**: Also, I always feel like I also need to apologize for knowing squat about fish vocalizations. Because I feel like answers to many of my questions are: fish.  
  > **username_1**: It's how I feel about the marine mammal questions as a terrestrially-based person! :)  
  
  ---
  
  ## 3 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_2 on 2022-07-19. Score: 14
  
  A marine mammal that comes to mind is the Cross Seamount beaked whale (BWC). It produces a very unique echolocation click that has only been detected at night, both on towed arrays and bottom-mounted recorders, near Cross Seamount and around the Hawaiian Islands. Hence, no visual observations. All we know is that it's a beaked whale of some kind.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_3**: BWC has also been detected (at night) near Baja California!  https://swfsc-publications.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/CR/2020/2020Simonis3.pdf  
  > **username_2**: Right! Good call!  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_4 on 2022-07-20. Score: 7
  
  Ocean fish species commonly have a very specific time of day that they chorus (e.g. only for 1 hour) and this is often primarily at night or during crepuscular periods (dawn and dusk). Here's one example in the literature:
  
  Rice, AN , Soldevilla, MS, Quinlan, JA. 2017. Nocturnal patterns in fish chorusing off the coasts of Georgia and eastern Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science. 93(2):455-474. <https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2016.1043>
  
  I don't know that this means they don't/can't ever produce the calls during the daytime though.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_5 on 2022-07-20. Score: 6
  
  Sort of answering your question - the time of day at which a vocalization is produced can also indicate the *activity* of the whale...
  
  Take for example, this paper:
  
  > William K. Oestreich, James A. Fahlbusch, David E. Cade, John
  > Calambokidis, Tetyana Margolina, John Joseph, Ari S. Friedlaender,
  > Megan F. McKenna, Alison K. Stimpert, Brandon L. Southall, Jeremy A.
  > Goldbogen, John P. Ryan. (2020). "Animal-Borne Metrics Enable Acoustic
  > Detection of Blue Whale Migration", Current Biology, Volume 30(23):
  > 4773-4779.e3, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.105>.
  
  Whereby PAM and movement data from blue whales revealed that "foraging blue whales sing primarily at night, whereas migratory whales sing primarily during the day." This is an awesome discovery for their conservation and mgmt, as it enables monitors to effectively acoustically detect large scale transitions in behavior.
  
  
  ---
  
  