Answers.Body: <p>@TKR is right - I ran into this OTB, and had never even heard of it. But, I'm a dedicated French player, and I understand the concepts of opening theory.</p>
  
  <p>Here, the situation is clear: the white pawn on e5 is overextended. It <em>must</em> be supported by d4.  So, Black prevents this with 2...c5. </p>
  
  <p>White spent the next 15 moves trying to hang on to his e-pawn while I just kept adding pressure. I could see him squirming, thinking he'd made some kind of terrible opening mistake.</p>
  
  <p>Since White often has a pawn on e5 for most (and sometimes all) of the game in a French Defense, players of the black pieces are not fazed in the least by the pawn.</p>
  
  <p>I was eventually able to overpower and win the pawn for nothing, but another strategic option would have been to launch a queenside initiative while his pieces were tied down defending that pawn.</p>
  
  <p>Incidentally, in a database of 7 MM games, I found 136 games with players over 2000 ELO who played the French Steinitz. Of the games with 2...c5, White had a 20% win rate, Black won 50% of the games (that's a 5:2 decisively winning ratio), and there were 30% draws.</p>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: jaxter
Answers.Body: <ol start="2">
  <li>... f6 is a valid way of challenging the e-pawn right from the start.</li>
  </ol>
  
  <p>Thinking strategically, it is known that having a 2 v 1 advantage of centre pawns means you have good prospects, so Black trying to exchange an f-pawn 
  for an e-pawn is a good way of proceeding in this position.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2014-01-29T22:02:05.047Z
Answers.Text: Isn't the King supposed to castle kingside when playing the French, wouldn't loosing f-file pawn weaken kingside castling defenses for Black?
Answers.UserDisplayName: Marcus Junius Brutus
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Answers.Text: Usually the f file is used to line up rook against something so after you castled you already have f file opened
Answers.UserDisplayName: Panzer
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Answers.CreationDate: 2016-09-25T21:32:54.190Z
Answers.Text: In the French Defense, Black often never castles at all, because the center is blocked and he doesn't need to. Also, in the lines where White plays e5 (which is most of them), Black has no knight on f6, which makes the kingside a dangerous place.
  In many lines, Black prepares ...f6 to knock out the e-pawn, after preparing it with ...Be7, and leaving the knight on g8.  Sometimes, though, he just plays ...Ne7-f5, skipping the e-pawn and focusing both knights on the d4 pawn.  If he has already played ...cxd4 and White has replied cxd4, then White has a backward pawn there with no prospects.
Answers.UserDisplayName: jaxter
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Panzer
Answers.Body: <p>Since White will presumably try to defend that advanced e-pawn with d4, an immediate ...c5 seems to make sense for Black here, to prevent that possibility. (But then, I'm a complete novice, so take this with a grain of salt.)</p>
  
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Answers.CreationDate: 2015-10-27T23:13:10.737Z
Answers.Text: Probably an immediate c5 is the best reply to e5, the other one being d6.
Answers.UserDisplayName: sharcashmo
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Answers.UserDisplayName: TKR
Answers.Body: <p>The pawn isn't considered a piece in chess, so it doesn't break the rule of moving the same piece twice. Also, many books and engines have 2. ...d6 as a good reply. However 2. ...c5 is the best move.</p>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Jan Kvapil Jr
Answers.Body: <p>It is immediately punishable with 2...d6. White doesn't have a good way to protect the e-pawn.</p>
  <ol start="3">
  <li><p>f4 is going to get crushed by dxe5 followed by Qh4+</p>
  </li>
  <li><p>d4 is just bad. After 3...dxe6 4. dxe5, Qxd1 5. Kxd1 black is better</p>
  </li>
  <li><p>Nf3 is probably best but after 3...dxe5 4. Nxe5, Bd6 white doesn't really have anything other than moving the knight back to f3 and now black is ahead in development</p>
  </li>
  </ol>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Savage47
Answers.Body: <blockquote>
    <p>How should Black defend against the Steinitz attack? This line of attack seems to break so many opening theory principles (don't move same piece twice, don't overextend, develop minor pieces ASAP) that I am surprised it's not immediately punishable.</p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>Why should you defend, at the first place?? <strong>All of your observations are correct</strong>, so we can conclude that <code>e5</code> is a bad move. Black is better here, but the only reason you do not see a question mark behind this move are following facts:</p>
  
  <ol>
  <li>Pawn at <code>e5</code> is White's only weakness;</li>
  <li><strong>Black has no open lines or diagonals that can be used to attack the <code>e5</code> pawn;</strong></li>
  <li>White can defend <code>e5</code> pawn with <code>d4</code> which means that black will have to attack it with <code>d6/f6</code> at some point-this will give White the chance to <strong>get himself rid of his ONLY weakness by exchanging it.</strong> </li>
  <li>No matter how Black reacts, White will still have <strong>small spatial edge</strong>-<code>e5+d4</code> pawn chain vs <code>e6+d5</code> pawn chain, or <code>d4</code> pawn vs <code>e6+c6</code> pawns. <strong>For better understanding of these middle-games</strong> consult book <em>Andrew Soltis-Pawn Structure Chess</em>;</li>
  </ol>
  
  <p>Still, Black can gain his fair amount of space in the center and <strong>equalize gradually</strong> like in any other viable semi-open game.</p>
  
  <p>Since White played twice with a pawn and has overextended himself, the best would be for us to continue developing <strong>using initiative against <code>e5</code> pawn to get <code>tempo</code>.</strong></p>
  
  <p>Below are the variations that demonstrate what I have stated so far:</p>
  
  <pre><code>[fen ""]
  
  1.e4 e6 2.e5 Nc6!? ( 2...d6!? ) 3.d4 d6 4.exd6 ( 4.Nf3 dxe5! 5.dxe5 ( 5.Nxe5? Qxd4 6.Nxc6 Qxd1+ ) Qxd1+=) ( 4.f4? dxe5! 5.dxe5 Qxd1+ ) ( 4.Bb5?! Bd7 5.exd6 ( 5.Nf3 dxe5 6.Nxe5? Nxe5! 7.Bxd7+ Nxd7-+ ) Bxd6= ) Bxd6 5.Nf3 ( 5.Qg4?! Nf6! 6.Qxg7 Rg8 7.Qh6 Nxd4 8.Bd3 e5 9.Bg5!? ( 9.Bxh7? Rh8!-+ 10.Bg5 Rxh7 11.Qxh7 Nxh7 12.Bxd8 Nxc2+ 13.Kd1 Nxa1! 14.Bh4 Bf5-+ ) 9...Ng4! 10.Bxd8 ( 10.Qxh7?? Qxg5-+ ) Nxh6 11.Bh4 ( 11.Bxh7?? Rh8-+ ) Bf5-+ ) Nge7 6.Bd3 e5 7.dxe5 Nxe5=
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>I was trying to find this line and the only thing I found was a main line from above, given by <em>Lev Psakhis</em>. His line starts with <code>2...d6</code> and transposes to the main line given above. The move <code>5.Qg4</code> shows my own analysis, since it was not mentioned anywhere but I believe it can be tricky. Notice the traps that I have shown in the above sidelines-they can be very useful to you during play. Also, notice how in time Black frees himself from Whites small spatial advantage and equalizes.</p>
  
  <p>If you do not like these you can always transpose into normal <em>French defense</em> with <code>2...d5</code> and <code>2...c5</code> is also viable here.</p>
  
  <p>If you have further questions leave a comment and I will reply as soon as I can. Hopefully this answer helped you.</p>
  
  <p>Best regards.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2016-09-24T11:19:19.693Z
Answers.Text: "If you do not like these you can always transpose into normal French defense with 2...d5" No doubt 3.d4 transposing to the Advance Variation is White's best move, but if White insists on playing this silly line he will play 3.exd6 e.p.
Answers.UserDisplayName: bof
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Answers.Text: 2...d5 3.exd6 e.p. is perfectly playable. It's not common (the Steinitz itself isn't common in the first place), and doesn't have as good practical results as 2...c5, but Black can just continue 3...Bxd6 and his bishop is developed, while White has now spent 3 tempi on moving the same pawn. I'll take that development advantage.
Answers.UserDisplayName: jaxter
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2020-04-28T16:52:55.120Z
Answers.Text: Stockfish really doesn’t like Nc6, it thinks black has roughly a pawn advantage with c5 or d6 but is even in your line.  Presumably the problem is blocking your own c pawn before it can move to c5.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Noah Snyder
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Answers.Text: @RauanSagit:"I would guess that the position is balanced (equal)." I said the exact same in my answer-"Black is better here, **but the only reason you do not see a question mark behind this move** are following facts:"-and the main line in the diagram shows `=` as the final assessment. Still, I realize that I could have phrased this **more clearly** but your comment and this reply of mine can suffice. There is no need to edit the answer, but if you disagree I will add a quick edit. Best regards.
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Answers.UserDisplayName: AlwaysLearningNewStuff
Body: <pre><code>[FEN ""]
  1. e4 e6 2. e5
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>This line of attack seems to break so many opening theory principles (don't move same piece twice, don't overextend, develop minor pieces ASAP) that I am surprised it's not immediately punishable.</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 3.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2016-09-25T21:40:42.640Z
Comments.Text: If I hadn't run into this line myself, I wouldn't have believed anyone would play it. My opponent was a decent player, but probably not older than twelve.
Comments.UserDisplayName: jaxter
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2021-02-12T16:43:41.343Z
Comments.Text: I had this played against me twice today by different opponents  (~1000 on lichess), Hence why I am here :)
Comments.UserDisplayName: Nick Moore
Tags: <opening><theory><french-defense>
Title: How should Black defend against the Steinitz attack?
ThreadText: # How should Black defend against the Steinitz attack?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2014-01-29)
  
  ```
  [FEN ""]
  1. e4 e6 2. e5
  
  ```
  
  This line of attack seems to break so many opening theory principles (don't move same piece twice, don't overextend, develop minor pieces ASAP) that I am surprised it's not immediately punishable.
  
  **Tags:** opening, theory, french-defense
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: If I hadn't run into this line myself, I wouldn't have believed anyone would play it. My opponent was a decent player, but probably not older than twelve.  
  > **username_2**: I had this played against me twice today by different opponents  (~1000 on lichess), Hence why I am here :)  
  
  ---
  
  ## 6 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_8 on 2014-01-29. Score: 9 | Accepted answer
  
  > How should Black defend against the Steinitz attack? This line of attack seems to break so many opening theory principles (don't move same piece twice, don't overextend, develop minor pieces ASAP) that I am surprised it's not immediately punishable.
  
  Why should you defend, at the first place?? **All of your observations are correct**, so we can conclude that `e5` is a bad move. Black is better here, but the only reason you do not see a question mark behind this move are following facts:
  
  1. Pawn at `e5` is White's only weakness;
  2. **Black has no open lines or diagonals that can be used to attack the `e5` pawn;**
  3. White can defend `e5` pawn with `d4` which means that black will have to attack it with `d6/f6` at some point-this will give White the chance to **get himself rid of his ONLY weakness by exchanging it.**
  4. No matter how Black reacts, White will still have **small spatial edge**-`e5+d4` pawn chain vs `e6+d5` pawn chain, or `d4` pawn vs `e6+c6` pawns. **For better understanding of these middle-games** consult book *Andrew Soltis-Pawn Structure Chess*;
  
  Still, Black can gain his fair amount of space in the center and **equalize gradually** like in any other viable semi-open game.
  
  Since White played twice with a pawn and has overextended himself, the best would be for us to continue developing **using initiative against `e5` pawn to get `tempo`.**
  
  Below are the variations that demonstrate what I have stated so far:
  
  ```
  [fen ""]
  
  1.e4 e6 2.e5 Nc6!? ( 2...d6!? ) 3.d4 d6 4.exd6 ( 4.Nf3 dxe5! 5.dxe5 ( 5.Nxe5? Qxd4 6.Nxc6 Qxd1+ ) Qxd1+=) ( 4.f4? dxe5! 5.dxe5 Qxd1+ ) ( 4.Bb5?! Bd7 5.exd6 ( 5.Nf3 dxe5 6.Nxe5? Nxe5! 7.Bxd7+ Nxd7-+ ) Bxd6= ) Bxd6 5.Nf3 ( 5.Qg4?! Nf6! 6.Qxg7 Rg8 7.Qh6 Nxd4 8.Bd3 e5 9.Bg5!? ( 9.Bxh7? Rh8!-+ 10.Bg5 Rxh7 11.Qxh7 Nxh7 12.Bxd8 Nxc2+ 13.Kd1 Nxa1! 14.Bh4 Bf5-+ ) 9...Ng4! 10.Bxd8 ( 10.Qxh7?? Qxg5-+ ) Nxh6 11.Bh4 ( 11.Bxh7?? Rh8-+ ) Bf5-+ ) Nge7 6.Bd3 e5 7.dxe5 Nxe5=
  
  ```
  
  I was trying to find this line and the only thing I found was a main line from above, given by *Lev Psakhis*. His line starts with `2...d6` and transposes to the main line given above. The move `5.Qg4` shows my own analysis, since it was not mentioned anywhere but I believe it can be tricky. Notice the traps that I have shown in the above sidelines-they can be very useful to you during play. Also, notice how in time Black frees himself from Whites small spatial advantage and equalizes.
  
  If you do not like these you can always transpose into normal *French defense* with `2...d5` and `2...c5` is also viable here.
  
  If you have further questions leave a comment and I will reply as soon as I can. Hopefully this answer helped you.
  
  Best regards.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_8**: @RauanSagit:"I would guess that the position is balanced (equal)." I said the exact same in my answer-"Black is better here, **but the only reason you do not see a question mark behind this move** are following facts:"-and the main line in the diagram shows `=` as the final assessment. Still, I realize that I could have phrased this **more clearly** but your comment and this reply of mine can suffice. There is no need to edit the answer, but if you disagree I will add a quick edit. Best regards.  
  > **username_9**: "If you do not like these you can always transpose into normal French defense with 2...d5" No doubt 3.d4 transposing to the Advance Variation is White's best move, but if White insists on playing this silly line he will play 3.exd6 e.p.  
  > **username_1**: 2...d5 3.exd6 e.p. is perfectly playable. It's not common (the Steinitz itself isn't common in the first place), and doesn't have as good practical results as 2...c5, but Black can just continue 3...Bxd6 and his bishop is developed, while White has now spent 3 tempi on moving the same pawn. I'll take that development advantage.  
  > **username_10**: Stockfish really doesn’t like Nc6, it thinks black has roughly a pawn advantage with c5 or d6 but is even in your line.  Presumably the problem is blocking your own c pawn before it can move to c5.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_1 on 2016-09-24. Score: 3
  
  @username_4 is right - I ran into this OTB, and had never even heard of it. But, I'm a dedicated French player, and I understand the concepts of opening theory.
  
  Here, the situation is clear: the white pawn on e5 is overextended. It *must* be supported by d4. So, Black prevents this with 2...c5.
  
  White spent the next 15 moves trying to hang on to his e-pawn while I just kept adding pressure. I could see him squirming, thinking he'd made some kind of terrible opening mistake.
  
  Since White often has a pawn on e5 for most (and sometimes all) of the game in a French Defense, players of the black pieces are not fazed in the least by the pawn.
  
  I was eventually able to overpower and win the pawn for nothing, but another strategic option would have been to launch a queenside initiative while his pieces were tied down defending that pawn.
  
  Incidentally, in a database of 7 MM games, I found 136 games with players over 2000 ELO who played the French Steinitz. Of the games with 2...c5, White had a 20% win rate, Black won 50% of the games (that's a 5:2 decisively winning ratio), and there were 30% draws.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_3 on 2014-01-29. Score: 3
  
  2. ... f6 is a valid way of challenging the e-pawn right from the start.
  
  Thinking strategically, it is known that having a 2 v 1 advantage of centre pawns means you have good prospects, so Black trying to exchange an f-pawn
  for an e-pawn is a good way of proceeding in this position.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_0**: Isn't the King supposed to castle kingside when playing the French, wouldn't loosing f-file pawn weaken kingside castling defenses for Black?  
  > **username_3**: Usually the f file is used to line up rook against something so after you castled you already have f file opened  
  > **username_1**: In the French Defense, Black often never castles at all, because the center is blocked and he doesn't need to. Also, in the lines where White plays e5 (which is most of them), Black has no knight on f6, which makes the kingside a dangerous place. In many lines, Black prepares ...f6 to knock out the e-pawn, after preparing it with ...Be7, and leaving the knight on g8.  Sometimes, though, he just plays ...Ne7-f5, skipping the e-pawn and focusing both knights on the d4 pawn.  If he has already played ...cxd4 and White has replied cxd4, then White has a backward pawn there with no prospects.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_4 on 2014-01-31. Score: 2
  
  Since White will presumably try to defend that advanced e-pawn with d4, an immediate ...c5 seems to make sense for Black here, to prevent that possibility. (But then, I'm a complete novice, so take this with a grain of salt.)
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_5**: Probably an immediate c5 is the best reply to e5, the other one being d6.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_6 on 2020-04-28. Score: 2
  
  The pawn isn't considered a piece in chess, so it doesn't break the rule of moving the same piece twice. Also, many books and engines have 2. ...d6 as a good reply. However 2. ...c5 is the best move.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_7 on 2020-08-30. Score: 1
  
  It is immediately punishable with 2...d6. White doesn't have a good way to protect the e-pawn.
  
  3. f4 is going to get crushed by dxe5 followed by Qh4+
  4. d4 is just bad. After 3...dxe6 4. dxe5, Qxd1 5. Kxd1 black is better
  5. Nf3 is probably best but after 3...dxe5 4. Nxe5, Bd6 white doesn't really have anything other than moving the knight back to f3 and now black is ahead in development
  
  
  ---
  
  