Answers.Body: <p>The golden rules of converting a won endgame -</p>
  <ol>
  <li>
  <ol>
  <li>The Plan - schematic thinking. Creating step-by-step plans that lead to eventual success make playing the game easier. Apart from methodology, it has a great psychological effect because we don't concentrate on winning a difficult position but on something which is close at hand (e.g. creating a passed pawn).</li>
  </ol>
  </li>
  <li>Exchange - When there are not many pieces left on the board, every exchange counts. It's extremely important to consider your exchanges carefully as there's no time and possibility to obtain compensation. Consequences are severe!</li>
  <li>Restricting your opponent's possibilities (to maximum) - Every single player should master the art of prophylactical thinking. Even the smallest sign of activity should be put down immediately. It's one of the most important rules.</li>
  <li>No rush! - When redeeming the advantage, it's crucial to remain calm and play solid chess even if other possibilities are more tempting. We should consider all of the possible options and before undertaking any measures that drastically change the situation on the board, improve our own position at most. &quot;No rush&quot; doesn't mean unnecessary loss of time. On contrary, every single tempo counts.</li>
  <li>Two weaknesses rule - If our opponent is pushed into defense, the play should be conducted on the whole board. Creating new weaknesses, problems and attacking them alternately.</li>
  <li>Transformation of the advantage - It's a rare situation when there's only one type of an advantage during the endgame. Chess is a dynamic game and in most cases it's beneficial to change one type of the advantage to another one (e.g. sacrifice an exchange in order to queen the pawn).
  These rules are for converting a won endgame, doesn't answer your question, but I hope it was helpful.</li>
  </ol>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Rishi Mundhra
Answers.Body: <p>I think the book &quot;100 endgames you must know&quot; by GM Jesus de la Villa (<a href="https://www.newinchess.com/media/wysiwyg/product_pdf/9026.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sample pages</a>) comes close to what you describe. The book is much more than just &quot;facts&quot;, but it tries to summarize each of the titular 100 endgames with a short sentence which describe the situation. The second part, of what must be done, will be left for you to summarize, after you read the explanation.</p>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Discrete lizard
Answers.Body: <p>&quot;Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual&quot; is exactly one such book that contains a lot of these short facts. You can treat it similarly to an encyclopedia in that regard. Throughout, he writes these key tidbits of advice in italics like so:</p>
  <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/F52QI.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/F52QI.png" alt="king and pawn endgame advice" /></a></p>
  <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/ezwOC.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/ezwOC.png" alt="rook endgame advice" /></a></p>
  <p>I will caution you though that the actual meat of this book is incredibly involved and is most appropriate for players &gt;2000 OTB. There are other books out there that contain the most simplified bits of advice. <a href="https://lichess.org/study/UO2zqigQ" rel="noreferrer">Shameless plug for my own set of lichess studies on the endgame</a> that contains exactly those bits of info that I think are most relevant without the most complicated examples. I've linked to the study for advanced players, but there are also studies for beginners, studies for intermediate players, and studies specific to rook endgames linked throughout. I describe the &quot;rules&quot; of king and pawn endgame races as follows:</p>
  <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/zxTR0.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/zxTR0.png" alt="from my study" /></a></p>
  <p>Finally I can address your exact question. The endgame is the portion of the game where one must calculate the most precisely. These general rules are helpful to help guide one's thoughts, but remember: <em>nothing beats a good move.</em> There are countless counterexamples to the general principles. Without an endgame manual or similar to show you how and why the general facts/rules work <em>and fail</em>, the rules are not so useful on their own. So yes you should necessarily go through guided material that presents the rules. No you should not just read the rules by themselves.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T06:37:49.407Z
Answers.Text: Please could you insert into your answer the content of your three images, but *in plain text*? By all means use italics if you want. Trying to make out darek text from bright images is too much eyestrain for visually impaired people and impossible for those who rely on screen-readers.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Rosie F
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T07:17:03.210Z
Answers.Text: how about our thingy here? https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/35641/practical-endgame-resources-whats-next-after-josh-waitzkins-series-in-chess
Answers.UserDisplayName: BCLC
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Answers.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T12:54:42.943Z
Answers.Text: In my english 3rd edition they key ideas are in blue text so you could just look at those and not go though everything.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Michael West
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Answers.UserDisplayName: NoseKnowsAll
Body: <p>Are there any resources with a list of short endgame facts and rules ? For instance : &quot;2 connected pawns on the 6th rank always win against a rook&quot; , &quot;rook's pawn results often in a draw in KPvP endings&quot;.</p>
  <p>Or do I have to necessarely go through an endgame manual to find this information ?</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-19T21:01:45.587Z
Comments.Text: You won't find this "Information" anywhere because it's not information at all (but rather misinformation). The first "tip" is only true if neither king plays any role at all. For the second one I can't even find the rationale behind it. If anything, transposing to a won pawn endgame is among the main resources available to the side playing for the win
Comments.UserDisplayName: David
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T01:57:45.127Z
Comments.Text: @David I *think* what OP means is something akin to "how do experts quickly evaluate end games". To explain a little more, to a beginner or intermediate player, it's not always obvious who's winning in some endgames, whereas experts might instantly identify a position as "completely winning for black/white" etc. I *think* the OP is asking how do experts manage to do that, i.e. what rules of thumb are they using to make those evaluations? (I could be wrong, but I think that's what OP means)
Comments.UserDisplayName: stevec
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Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T07:15:36.197Z
Comments.Text: Does this answer your question? [(practical) Endgame resources: What's next after josh waitzkin's series in chessmaster?](https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/35641/practical-endgame-resources-whats-next-after-josh-waitzkins-series-in-chess)
Comments.UserDisplayName: BCLC
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T08:36:54.843Z
Comments.Text: @stevec I also understood the question like that, but expert players hardly ever think through "rules of thumb", but rather concrete analysis until they reach to a known theoretical position
Comments.UserDisplayName: David
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T14:01:09.927Z
Comments.Text: @David Rules of thumb are incredibly valuable to beginning players, and surely form the building blocks of helping even expert players create an initial list of candidate moves. Even in your last statement you admit to 'known theoretical position', which is just a pedantic way of saying that at a certain point, an expert player can rely on rules of thumb to evaluate where a position might lead.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Grade 'Eh' Bacon
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Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T16:35:26.100Z
Comments.Text: @Grade'Eh'Bacon "Known theoretical position" is not a pedantic way to say "rule of thumb". They're two different things. A theoretical position is always specific, not a vague, abstract idea
Comments.UserDisplayName: David
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Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T18:24:36.550Z
Comments.Text: @David Except that no human has a literal 'memorized' endgame tablebase - we remember generalized rules like "get your king in front of your opponent's pawn in a KvKP endgame for a draw" - which is exactly the sort of thing that you could easily call a rule of thumb. The better you are at chess, the more those rules of thumb would closely resemble literal positions, but even so, the basis of human knowledge is not rote memorization, but application of known principals.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Grade 'Eh' Bacon
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Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-20T21:04:35.453Z
Comments.Text: @Grade'Eh'Bacon From my experience, improving your level in theoretical endgames does not come from those "rules of thumb" becoming closer to specific positions, but rather by studying and remembering a wider range of positions. Also note that the comment you replied to referred to the use of "rules of thumb" by experts, not beginners
Comments.UserDisplayName: David
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2021-10-21T18:54:15.650Z
Comments.Text: There is a difference between theoretical positions, where the outcome is certain, like in: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philidor_position, and general rules like: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarrasch_rule, this is just a general rule and is not always true. It is not very clear from your question which one you are looking for or both? Any good endgame book would have both, of course.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Akavall
Tags: <endgame><learning>
Title: Collection of short endgame rules
ThreadText: # Collection of short endgame rules
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2021-10-19)
  
  Are there any resources with a list of short endgame facts and rules ? For instance : "2 connected pawns on the 6th rank always win against a rook" , "rook's pawn results often in a draw in KPvP endings".
  
  Or do I have to necessarely go through an endgame manual to find this information ?
  
  **Tags:** endgame, learning
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: You won't find this "Information" anywhere because it's not information at all (but rather misinformation). The first "tip" is only true if neither king plays any role at all. For the second one I can't even find the rationale behind it. If anything, transposing to a won pawn endgame is among the main resources available to the side playing for the win  
  > **username_2**: @username_1 I *think* what OP means is something akin to "how do experts quickly evaluate end games". To explain a little more, to a beginner or intermediate player, it's not always obvious who's winning in some endgames, whereas experts might instantly identify a position as "completely winning for black/white" etc. I *think* the OP is asking how do experts manage to do that, i.e. what rules of thumb are they using to make those evaluations? (I could be wrong, but I think that's what OP means)  
  > **username_3**: Does this answer your question? [(practical) Endgame resources: What's next after josh waitzkin's series in chessmaster?](https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/35641/practical-endgame-resources-whats-next-after-josh-waitzkins-series-in-chess)  
  > **username_1**: @username_2 I also understood the question like that, but expert players hardly ever think through "rules of thumb", but rather concrete analysis until they reach to a known theoretical position  
  > **username_4**: @username_1 Rules of thumb are incredibly valuable to beginning players, and surely form the building blocks of helping even expert players create an initial list of candidate moves. Even in your last statement you admit to 'known theoretical position', which is just a pedantic way of saying that at a certain point, an expert player can rely on rules of thumb to evaluate where a position might lead.  
  > **username_1**: @username_4'Eh'username_4 "Known theoretical position" is not a pedantic way to say "rule of thumb". They're two different things. A theoretical position is always specific, not a vague, abstract idea  
  > **username_4**: @username_1 Except that no human has a literal 'memorized' endgame tablebase - we remember generalized rules like "get your king in front of your opponent's pawn in a KvKP endgame for a draw" - which is exactly the sort of thing that you could easily call a rule of thumb. The better you are at chess, the more those rules of thumb would closely resemble literal positions, but even so, the basis of human knowledge is not rote memorization, but application of known principals.  
  > **username_1**: @username_4'Eh'username_4 From my experience, improving your level in theoretical endgames does not come from those "rules of thumb" becoming closer to specific positions, but rather by studying and remembering a wider range of positions. Also note that the comment you replied to referred to the use of "rules of thumb" by experts, not beginners  
  > **username_5**: There is a difference between theoretical positions, where the outcome is certain, like in: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philidor_position, and general rules like: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarrasch_rule, this is just a general rule and is not always true. It is not very clear from your question which one you are looking for or both? Any good endgame book would have both, of course.  
  
  ---
  
  ## 3 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_8 on 2021-10-19. Score: 7 | Accepted answer
  
  "Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual" is exactly one such book that contains a lot of these short facts. You can treat it similarly to an encyclopedia in that regard. Throughout, he writes these key tidbits of advice in italics like so:
  
  [![king and pawn endgame advice](https://i.sstatic.net/F52QI.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/F52QI.png)
  
  [![rook endgame advice](https://i.sstatic.net/ezwOC.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/ezwOC.png)
  
  I will caution you though that the actual meat of this book is incredibly involved and is most appropriate for players >2000 OTB. There are other books out there that contain the most simplified bits of advice. [Shameless plug for my own set of lichess studies on the endgame](https://lichess.org/study/UO2zqigQ) that contains exactly those bits of info that I think are most relevant without the most complicated examples. I've linked to the study for advanced players, but there are also studies for beginners, studies for intermediate players, and studies specific to rook endgames linked throughout. I describe the "rules" of king and pawn endgame races as follows:
  
  [![from my study](https://i.sstatic.net/zxTR0.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/zxTR0.png)
  
  Finally I can address your exact question. The endgame is the portion of the game where one must calculate the most precisely. These general rules are helpful to help guide one's thoughts, but remember: *nothing beats a good move.* There are countless counterexamples to the general principles. Without an endgame manual or similar to show you how and why the general facts/rules work *and fail*, the rules are not so useful on their own. So yes you should necessarily go through guided material that presents the rules. No you should not just read the rules by themselves.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_9**: Please could you insert into your answer the content of your three images, but *in plain text*? By all means use italics if you want. Trying to make out darek text from bright images is too much eyestrain for visually impaired people and impossible for those who rely on screen-readers.  
  > **username_3**: how about our thingy here? https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/35641/practical-endgame-resources-whats-next-after-josh-waitzkins-series-in-chess  
  > **username_10**: In my english 3rd edition they key ideas are in blue text so you could just look at those and not go though everything.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_6 on 2021-11-18. Score: 4
  
  The golden rules of converting a won endgame -
  
  1. 1. The Plan - schematic thinking. Creating step-by-step plans that lead to eventual success make playing the game easier. Apart from methodology, it has a great psychological effect because we don't concentrate on winning a difficult position but on something which is close at hand (e.g. creating a passed pawn).
  2. Exchange - When there are not many pieces left on the board, every exchange counts. It's extremely important to consider your exchanges carefully as there's no time and possibility to obtain compensation. Consequences are severe!
  3. Restricting your opponent's possibilities (to maximum) - Every single player should master the art of prophylactical thinking. Even the smallest sign of activity should be put down immediately. It's one of the most important rules.
  4. No rush! - When redeeming the advantage, it's crucial to remain calm and play solid chess even if other possibilities are more tempting. We should consider all of the possible options and before undertaking any measures that drastically change the situation on the board, improve our own position at most. "No rush" doesn't mean unnecessary loss of time. On contrary, every single tempo counts.
  5. Two weaknesses rule - If our opponent is pushed into defense, the play should be conducted on the whole board. Creating new weaknesses, problems and attacking them alternately.
  6. Transformation of the advantage - It's a rare situation when there's only one type of an advantage during the endgame. Chess is a dynamic game and in most cases it's beneficial to change one type of the advantage to another one (e.g. sacrifice an exchange in order to queen the pawn).
     These rules are for converting a won endgame, doesn't answer your question, but I hope it was helpful.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_7 on 2021-10-20. Score: 2
  
  I think the book "100 endgames you must know" by GM Jesus de la Villa ([sample pages](https://www.newinchess.com/media/wysiwyg/product_pdf/9026.pdf)) comes close to what you describe. The book is much more than just "facts", but it tries to summarize each of the titular 100 endgames with a short sentence which describe the situation. The second part, of what must be done, will be left for you to summarize, after you read the explanation.
  
  
  ---
  
  