Answers.Body: <p>There's another famous quote you need to pair with "Chess is 90% tactics." Spielmann was reported to remark, after hearing one too many people exclaiming about an Alekhine combination, "I could find those combinations myself, just as easily, if I had his positions. But I never get those positions!"</p>
  
  <p>And that's the rub. The game-winning tactics you see in the tactics books don't just magically appear in every game. Those that are not directly caused by blunders are the end result of planning and preparation, the kind of work missing from most tactics books.</p>
  
  <p>How you devote your study time should change as you progress. Since it is the tactical stroke that is the culmination of any strategic plan in chess, you have to be able to recognize them when they arrive at the board, know what seeds they grow from. So as you begin in chess, you should devote 90% or more of your time to tactics.</p>
  
  <p>But as your skill grows, and you more easily recognize the opportunities, the focus of your study should shift, reducing the time devoted to tactics and increasing the time devoted to studying strategic play, until you can as easily recognize the points in the position before you that call for long-term planning and maneuvering to create weaknesses.</p>
  
  <p>It's a sliding scale, and I think the actual time amounts can be individualistic; maybe Player A (USCF 1800) needs more strategic study than Player B (USCF 1600). Use your own games to inform you. When you're missing lots of tactical opportunities over the board, you should probably bias your study time to more tactics. If lost opportunities are the cause of a minority of your losses, then you need to include more strategic planning exercises in your study.</p>
  
  <p>Chess is 90% tactics; I'm sure of that because I've only seen a very few games that have ended without a major tactical flourish. But, especially among good players, those tactical flourishes would never have happened without the strategic planning that brought them about.</p>
  
  <p>By all means study tactics; every player I've ever met could use more of that (Botvinnik once said "I need to be better at two-move combinations"). But remember tactics need to be supported if you want to be more than just another coffehouse player.</p>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Arlen
Answers.Body: <p>As others have mentioned, I think it depends on where you are at as a player. In the very beginning, I would say you need to know some very basic strategy right after you learn the rules, i.e. before the "tactical stuff". Examples are not mindlessly wasting tempi and controlling the center of the board. As for tactics: when my dad and I played together during my childhood, he won against me as often as I did against him. When I was 24, however, I bought a little book called "Chess Combinations" (pretty much only tactics), read through it, and my dad has never beaten me once since... that was over 20 years ago. So that was probably the single best time investment I ever meade. </p>
  
  <p>That said, I think investigating advanced strategies such as when to recognize pawn formations as weak; how to take advantage of the bishop pair, etc. becomes just as invaluable when progressing to higher levels. </p>
  
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Answers.Text: Curious if you have an author or publication year for the "Chess Combinations" book you read.
Answers.UserDisplayName: J. Chris Compton
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Answers.Text: Thanks for asking- unfortunately the book is in German and was lost in a move a long time ago. I think it was the book "Schach Kombinationen" by Karl Colditz
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Answers.Text: I see this link https://www.euroschach.de/karl-colditz-schachkombinationen.html which contains a sentence I like "The 'solution guides' give tips to help you find the solution. They are intended for those who do not find the solution after 5 minutes at the latest, or who already realize by comparing the first move of their solution with the actual one that he was wrong." (Bing to English) Especially that last part!  I don't see an offering in English, I'll search around a little more this evening.  Thanks again!
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Oozecandy
Answers.Body: <p>I am going to answer yes, you should spend most [90%] of your time on tactics. Provided that this is done in the right way. There are different kinds of tactics for different reasons. Tactics in the endgame aim to queen a pawn, unless there are no pawns left which changes the aim to checkmate or forcing a drawn position. Tactics in the middlegame are different again; there is usually a positional aspect involved in attacking only when you are ready; for instance you can attack an exposed king. Tactics in the opening are the least common, at least to be decisive tactics, and are often best left to later because sound, balanced development is better. </p>
  
  <p>IN short the context of a tactic and the purpose of it also matters. That's why I don't like Reinfeld tactics sets that have isolated tactics. </p>
  
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Answers.Body: <p>The statement is probably correct, but dangerous if taken the wrong way. Tactics are born out of strategy, and, during the game, you might be spending 90% of your time trying to find those tactics, but it will be fruitless if your strategic plan sucks. It should not mean that you must be spending 90% of your time studying tactics. Strategy comes first, if you master that the tactics will come easy.</p>
  
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Answers.Text: The flaw with that argument is that tactics are much easier to learn, and if you are always losing material to tactics, you will never get a chance to implement your strategy when down material.
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Answers.Text: I just didn't want the OP to have the wrong idea that chess is indeed 90% tactics. If you don't know strategy you might be wasting your time looking for tactics that are not even there.
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Answers.Text: Actually, that brings up something I saw just yesterday since I wrote my comment to you above. I just started volunteering at the local high school chess club, and most of them are VERY bad. To be honest, not because they do not exist, but simply because I do not come in contact with them, I did not remember seeing players with so little ability to see that they were hanging material. part 1/2
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Answers.Text: That, and your comment, made me realize that studying tactics, even if they never get these specific tactics, or learn any strategy, it still has immense value. It still gets them on the road to calculating, and it is the beginning of seeing when they are hanging material. They also get a sense as to where to put certain pieces. So even, as you put it, "If you don't know strategy you might be wasting your time looking for tactics that are not even there", from what I saw yesterday, I cannot help but believe, more than ever, that this is the way to go...LOADS of tactics.
Answers.UserDisplayName: PhishMaster
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Answers.Text: Yeah, knowing tactics is not a bad way to go, especially for beginners. Anything up to about 1300-1400 level is about just dealing with basic tactics. Strategy takes center stage after that. I guess I could have been more specific, but I prefer short answers.
Answers.UserDisplayName: postoronnim
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Answers.Text: For more on tactics/blunders, also see my answer here, https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/26825/improving-the-observation-skill-making-less-blunders
Answers.UserDisplayName: postoronnim
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Answers.Text: It is A LOT more than just to 1300-1400. I do not think that I have ever looked a a tournament game between players below 1600 that did not have an obvious tactic that they missed. I can't even say that I am impressed with the tactical abilities of the 2100-players I have played in the course of 40 years. Even as a Master, I still feel like I could do better, so there is a pretty high upper limit, if there is one at all, to not needing to regularly do tactics. Again, though, I just believe that they give the novice the most improvement for the time invested.
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Answers.Text: @PhishMaster, when I read this answer it reminded me of the game I played recently: https://lichess.org/h1e6zW2F/white#0, I don't believe I made a single tactical blunder or missed a tactical opportunity, but my plan of attack was flawed, I should've probably pushed my pawns in the attack, for example `12.f4`. As a result I didn't pose much difficulty for my opponent.
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Answers.UserDisplayName: postoronnim
Answers.Body: <p>If you track why you lose, where you missed a win, what stage (opening, middle, ending) etc. it will help you know what you need to spend the most time on. As most have said, that will probably be tactically for a lot of your games at the beginning. But if you keep track of it, then you might find you lose in longer calculation in the ending, as opposed to finding something creative in the middle game. If you do that, the data will tell you what you need to work on and help kill bad habits before they become ingrained.     </p>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: RIchard Beddoes
Answers.Body: <p>Although I agree that chess is 90% tactics when actually playing at the board, it really depends on where you are strenght-wise as to how much time you spend on tactics. By the way, when they use the word "tactics" there, I would say "tactics and calculation".</p>
  
  <p>When you are beginning, I firmly believe that spending 90% of your time on tactics will be the best use of time, and you will get your biggest bang-for-the-buck time-wise. I once guided a 38-year-old from 1000 to 1850 on ICC in just three months by having him do 50 tactics problems per day, spending no more than two minutes per problem. He did nothing but tactics during that time, and play. I firmly believe in that immersion method of learning.</p>
  
  <p>As you get stronger, let's say, 1800, you need to start spending more time learning about position. That will continue forever, but it becomes much more refined as you get stronger. You should still spend a lot of time doing tactics. I have found that even 2100 players are not that strong tactically, and even as a 2200+ for decades, I miss too much.</p>
  
  <p>As you become a strong master, in particular GM, they need to work on openings more than any other group since so much is won at that level based on preparation.</p>
  
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Answers.UserDisplayName: PhishMaster
Body: <p>The following quote has been attributed to many chess masters; "Chess is 90% tactics" - from Teichmann to Capablanca. It has also been said that 90% of the games are decided on tactics and tactics are the foundation of positional play. And many other similar statements.
  My question is should a player commit 90% (or most) of their time on tactics as a recipe for improvement? </p>
  
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Comments.CreationDate: 2019-11-07T20:23:53.720Z
Comments.Text: Or as a novice player myself, I focus first on not making blunders of action or inaction, and playing conservatively.
Comments.UserDisplayName: RobertF
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Comments.Text: You should definiely dedicate a good amount of your early training to tactics. Whether it should be 80% or 90% nobody can really tell
Comments.UserDisplayName: David
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Comments.CreationDate: 2019-11-08T08:09:57.340Z
Comments.Text: I am not sure if tactics is 90% contribution to win, but I'm sure tactics is 99% of the fun.
Comments.UserDisplayName: jf328
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Comments.CreationDate: 2019-11-09T19:02:34.503Z
Comments.Text: Without tactics, you're unlikely to win.  WIthout breathing, you're even **more** unlikely to win.  Does it follow that you should commit even more of your time to practicing breathing?
Comments.UserDisplayName: WillO
Tags: <learning><tactics>
Title: "Chess is 90% tactics" - should a player focus more on tactics in order to improve?
ThreadText: # "Chess is 90% tactics" - should a player focus more on tactics in order to improve?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2019-11-06)
  
  The following quote has been attributed to many chess masters; "Chess is 90% tactics" - from Teichmann to Capablanca. It has also been said that 90% of the games are decided on tactics and tactics are the foundation of positional play. And many other similar statements.
  My question is should a player commit 90% (or most) of their time on tactics as a recipe for improvement?
  
  **Tags:** learning, tactics
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: Or as a novice player myself, I focus first on not making blunders of action or inaction, and playing conservatively.  
  > **username_2**: You should definiely dedicate a good amount of your early training to tactics. Whether it should be 80% or 90% nobody can really tell  
  > **username_3**: I am not sure if tactics is 90% contribution to win, but I'm sure tactics is 99% of the fun.  
  > **username_4**: Without tactics, you're unlikely to win.  WIthout breathing, you're even **more** unlikely to win.  Does it follow that you should commit even more of your time to practicing breathing?  
  
  ---
  
  ## 6 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_10 on 2019-11-06. Score: 37 | Accepted answer
  
  Although I agree that chess is 90% tactics when actually playing at the board, it really depends on where you are strenght-wise as to how much time you spend on tactics. By the way, when they use the word "tactics" there, I would say "tactics and calculation".
  
  When you are beginning, I firmly believe that spending 90% of your time on tactics will be the best use of time, and you will get your biggest bang-for-the-buck time-wise. I once guided a 38-year-old from 1000 to 1850 on ICC in just three months by having him do 50 tactics problems per day, spending no more than two minutes per problem. He did nothing but tactics during that time, and play. I firmly believe in that immersion method of learning.
  
  As you get stronger, let's say, 1800, you need to start spending more time learning about position. That will continue forever, but it becomes much more refined as you get stronger. You should still spend a lot of time doing tactics. I have found that even 2100 players are not that strong tactically, and even as a 2200+ for decades, I miss too much.
  
  As you become a strong master, in particular GM, they need to work on openings more than any other group since so much is won at that level based on preparation.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_5 on 2019-11-07. Score: 19
  
  There's another famous quote you need to pair with "Chess is 90% tactics." Spielmann was reported to remark, after hearing one too many people exclaiming about an Alekhine combination, "I could find those combinations myself, just as easily, if I had his positions. But I never get those positions!"
  
  And that's the rub. The game-winning tactics you see in the tactics books don't just magically appear in every game. Those that are not directly caused by blunders are the end result of planning and preparation, the kind of work missing from most tactics books.
  
  How you devote your study time should change as you progress. Since it is the tactical stroke that is the culmination of any strategic plan in chess, you have to be able to recognize them when they arrive at the board, know what seeds they grow from. So as you begin in chess, you should devote 90% or more of your time to tactics.
  
  But as your skill grows, and you more easily recognize the opportunities, the focus of your study should shift, reducing the time devoted to tactics and increasing the time devoted to studying strategic play, until you can as easily recognize the points in the position before you that call for long-term planning and maneuvering to create weaknesses.
  
  It's a sliding scale, and I think the actual time amounts can be individualistic; maybe Player A (USCF 1800) needs more strategic study than Player B (USCF 1600). Use your own games to inform you. When you're missing lots of tactical opportunities over the board, you should probably bias your study time to more tactics. If lost opportunities are the cause of a minority of your losses, then you need to include more strategic planning exercises in your study.
  
  Chess is 90% tactics; I'm sure of that because I've only seen a very few games that have ended without a major tactical flourish. But, especially among good players, those tactical flourishes would never have happened without the strategic planning that brought them about.
  
  By all means study tactics; every player I've ever met could use more of that (Botvinnik once said "I need to be better at two-move combinations"). But remember tactics need to be supported if you want to be more than just another coffehouse player.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_8 on 2019-11-06. Score: 5
  
  I am going to answer yes, you should spend most [90%] of your time on tactics. Provided that this is done in the right way. There are different kinds of tactics for different reasons. Tactics in the endgame aim to queen a pawn, unless there are no pawns left which changes the aim to checkmate or forcing a drawn position. Tactics in the middlegame are different again; there is usually a positional aspect involved in attacking only when you are ready; for instance you can attack an exposed king. Tactics in the opening are the least common, at least to be decisive tactics, and are often best left to later because sound, balanced development is better.
  
  IN short the context of a tactic and the purpose of it also matters. That's why I don't like Reinfeld tactics sets that have isolated tactics.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_6 on 2019-11-06. Score: 4
  
  As others have mentioned, I think it depends on where you are at as a player. In the very beginning, I would say you need to know some very basic strategy right after you learn the rules, i.e. before the "tactical stuff". Examples are not mindlessly wasting tempi and controlling the center of the board. As for tactics: when my dad and I played together during my childhood, he won against me as often as I did against him. When I was 24, however, I bought a little book called "Chess Combinations" (pretty much only tactics), read through it, and my dad has never beaten me once since... that was over 20 years ago. So that was probably the single best time investment I ever meade.
  
  That said, I think investigating advanced strategies such as when to recognize pawn formations as weak; how to take advantage of the bishop pair, etc. becomes just as invaluable when progressing to higher levels.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_7**: Curious if you have an author or publication year for the "Chess Combinations" book you read.  
  > **username_6**: Thanks for asking- unfortunately the book is in German and was lost in a move a long time ago. I think it was the book "Schach Kombinationen" by Karl Colditz  
  > **username_7**: I see this link https://www.euroschach.de/karl-colditz-schachkombinationen.html which contains a sentence I like "The 'solution guides' give tips to help you find the solution. They are intended for those who do not find the solution after 5 minutes at the latest, or who already realize by comparing the first move of their solution with the actual one that he was wrong." (Bing to English) Especially that last part!  I don't see an offering in English, I'll search around a little more this evening.  Thanks again!  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_9 on 2019-11-07. Score: 3
  
  The statement is probably correct, but dangerous if taken the wrong way. Tactics are born out of strategy, and, during the game, you might be spending 90% of your time trying to find those tactics, but it will be fruitless if your strategic plan sucks. It should not mean that you must be spending 90% of your time studying tactics. Strategy comes first, if you master that the tactics will come easy.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_10**: The flaw with that argument is that tactics are much easier to learn, and if you are always losing material to tactics, you will never get a chance to implement your strategy when down material.  
  > **username_9**: I just didn't want the OP to have the wrong idea that chess is indeed 90% tactics. If you don't know strategy you might be wasting your time looking for tactics that are not even there.  
  > **username_10**: Actually, that brings up something I saw just yesterday since I wrote my comment to you above. I just started volunteering at the local high school chess club, and most of them are VERY bad. To be honest, not because they do not exist, but simply because I do not come in contact with them, I did not remember seeing players with so little ability to see that they were hanging material. part 1/2  
  > **username_10**: That, and your comment, made me realize that studying tactics, even if they never get these specific tactics, or learn any strategy, it still has immense value. It still gets them on the road to calculating, and it is the beginning of seeing when they are hanging material. They also get a sense as to where to put certain pieces. So even, as you put it, "If you don't know strategy you might be wasting your time looking for tactics that are not even there", from what I saw yesterday, I cannot help but believe, more than ever, that this is the way to go...LOADS of tactics.  
  > **username_9**: Yeah, knowing tactics is not a bad way to go, especially for beginners. Anything up to about 1300-1400 level is about just dealing with basic tactics. Strategy takes center stage after that. I guess I could have been more specific, but I prefer short answers.  
  > **username_9**: For more on tactics/blunders, also see my answer here, https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/26825/improving-the-observation-skill-making-less-blunders  
  > **username_10**: It is A LOT more than just to 1300-1400. I do not think that I have ever looked a a tournament game between players below 1600 that did not have an obvious tactic that they missed. I can't even say that I am impressed with the tactical abilities of the 2100-players I have played in the course of 40 years. Even as a Master, I still feel like I could do better, so there is a pretty high upper limit, if there is one at all, to not needing to regularly do tactics. Again, though, I just believe that they give the novice the most improvement for the time invested.  
  > **username_11**: @username_10, when I read this answer it reminded me of the game I played recently: https://lichess.org/h1e6zW2F/white#0, I don't believe I made a single tactical blunder or missed a tactical opportunity, but my plan of attack was flawed, I should've probably pushed my pawns in the attack, for example `12.f4`. As a result I didn't pose much difficulty for my opponent.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_12 on 2019-11-09. Score: 2
  
  If you track why you lose, where you missed a win, what stage (opening, middle, ending) etc. it will help you know what you need to spend the most time on. As most have said, that will probably be tactically for a lot of your games at the beginning. But if you keep track of it, then you might find you lose in longer calculation in the ending, as opposed to finding something creative in the middle game. If you do that, the data will tell you what you need to work on and help kill bad habits before they become ingrained.
  
  
  ---
  
  