Answers.Body: <p>There is a 2006 paper &quot;Training in chess: A scientific approach&quot; by Dr. Gobet from the University of Nottingham, and Dr. Jansen from Carnegie Mellon University, which goal was &quot;...to show how recent findings in cognitive psychology can be applied to improve techniques of chess training, teaching, and learning&quot;</p>
  <p>It concludes that learning occurs best:</p>
  <ol>
  <li>from the simple to the complex</li>
  <li>when the elements to be learnt are clearly identified</li>
  <li>when following an &quot;improving spiral&quot;  (this is similar to what DeGroot found in how a chess player thinks with <em>progressive deepening</em>).</li>
  </ol>
  <p>Then using the above knowledge the authors used their &quot;template theory&quot; and used it to review various chess training techniques.</p>
  <p>Some conclusions they get doing that are:
  (in the area of Explicit Knowledge)</p>
  <ol>
  <li>focus on a limited number of positions and openings and learn the various methods in these positions thoroughly.</li>
  <li>repetition will be necessary.</li>
  <li>avoid too much historical and anecdotal details.</li>
  </ol>
  <p>(in the area of Implicit Knowledge)</p>
  <ol>
  <li>Using a computer to view variations can greatly cut down on the time to do so, but may offer less efficient encoding of the information [in your brain].</li>
  <li>Find a balance between rote learning and understanding (specifically in studying the opening).</li>
  <li>study openings from different points of view -- for example, by linking it to the middlegame or endgame.</li>
  <li>use a chess database for your repertoire as &quot;memory is fallible!) and you will need to review it frequently.</li>
  </ol>
  <p>They also mention the &quot;decomposition method&quot; which consists of studying and playing basic endgame positions -- basically removing most the pieces from the board in common middlegame structures.</p>
  <p>In studying endgames the claim the &quot;improving spiral&quot; can be best applied.  I would compare this to how endgame table-bases are being created; basically solving the game backwards.</p>
  <p>In studying tactics they suggest starting by themes and only later random.</p>
  <p>They also defy some previous claims like &quot;go through each variation once&quot; and &quot;blindfold chess is good for your chess&quot;; going as far to say blindfold chess may actually be harmful to one's development.
  They also think that studying composed puzzles is useless.</p>
  <p>They then reiterate DeGroot's earlier findings on the importance of &quot;pattern recognition&quot;.</p>
  <p>As the paper was built on past studies I think it pretty much shows what scholars think of how chess learning should be approached scientifically.</p>
  <p>Personally, I agree with their suggestion of studying in chunks and repetition.  It is easy to get overloaded when studying chess.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2020-12-09T16:56:50.803Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2020-12-09T16:56:50.803Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Ywapom
Body: <p>When players here ask about getting better, there are frequent suggestions like &quot;solve more puzzles&quot;, &quot;study endgames&quot;, &quot;read books&quot;, etc. But what do we know from a science perspective about getting better at chess?</p>
  <p>A Google Scholar search for &quot;psychology learning chess&quot; turns up over 120,000 results, including an article from 1907 on &quot;The psychology of chess and learning to play it.&quot;</p>
  <p>What do we know from the scientific literature about the most effective ways to get better at chess, limits to the speed of improvement, etc?</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-12-08T19:22:29.390Z
Comments.Text: https://www.chessable.com/science/
Comments.UserDisplayName: SmallChess
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-12-08T20:41:07.687Z
Comments.Text: That's more about SRS than chess specifically, right?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Thomas Johnson
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-12-09T08:39:28.293Z
Comments.Text: Always recommended: Chess for Zebras from Jonathan Rowson (GM and cognitive scientist). It's rather philosophical/anecdotal than evidence-/experiment-based though, so not exactly an answer. Still, lots of interesting thoughts regarding chess "skill" and how to obtain it.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Annatar
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-12-09T11:18:40.273Z
Comments.Text: Is a forgotten research paper by some mediocre academic more reliable than the opinion of a coach with decades of experience, though?
Comments.UserDisplayName: David
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-12-09T18:57:02.863Z
Comments.Text: @David I tend to think yes #moneyball
Comments.UserDisplayName: Thomas Johnson
Tags: <learning><psychology>
Title: What do we know about how to get better at chess?
ThreadText: # What do we know about how to get better at chess?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2020-12-08)
  
  When players here ask about getting better, there are frequent suggestions like "solve more puzzles", "study endgames", "read books", etc. But what do we know from a science perspective about getting better at chess?
  
  A Google Scholar search for "psychology learning chess" turns up over 120,000 results, including an article from 1907 on "The psychology of chess and learning to play it."
  
  What do we know from the scientific literature about the most effective ways to get better at chess, limits to the speed of improvement, etc?
  
  **Tags:** learning, psychology
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: https://www.chessable.com/science/  
  > **username_0**: That's more about SRS than chess specifically, right?  
  > **username_2**: Always recommended: Chess for Zebras from Jonathan Rowson (GM and cognitive scientist). It's rather philosophical/anecdotal than evidence-/experiment-based though, so not exactly an answer. Still, lots of interesting thoughts regarding chess "skill" and how to obtain it.  
  > **username_3**: Is a forgotten research paper by some mediocre academic more reliable than the opinion of a coach with decades of experience, though?  
  > **username_0**: @username_3 I tend to think yes #moneyball  
  
  ---
  
  ## 1 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_4 on 2020-12-09. Score: 8
  
  There is a 2006 paper "Training in chess: A scientific approach" by Dr. Gobet from the University of Nottingham, and Dr. Jansen from Carnegie Mellon University, which goal was "...to show how recent findings in cognitive psychology can be applied to improve techniques of chess training, teaching, and learning"
  
  It concludes that learning occurs best:
  
  1. from the simple to the complex
  2. when the elements to be learnt are clearly identified
  3. when following an "improving spiral" (this is similar to what DeGroot found in how a chess player thinks with *progressive deepening*).
  
  Then using the above knowledge the authors used their "template theory" and used it to review various chess training techniques.
  
  Some conclusions they get doing that are:
  (in the area of Explicit Knowledge)
  
  1. focus on a limited number of positions and openings and learn the various methods in these positions thoroughly.
  2. repetition will be necessary.
  3. avoid too much historical and anecdotal details.
  
  (in the area of Implicit Knowledge)
  
  1. Using a computer to view variations can greatly cut down on the time to do so, but may offer less efficient encoding of the information [in your brain].
  2. Find a balance between rote learning and understanding (specifically in studying the opening).
  3. study openings from different points of view -- for example, by linking it to the middlegame or endgame.
  4. use a chess database for your repertoire as "memory is fallible!) and you will need to review it frequently.
  
  They also mention the "decomposition method" which consists of studying and playing basic endgame positions -- basically removing most the pieces from the board in common middlegame structures.
  
  In studying endgames the claim the "improving spiral" can be best applied. I would compare this to how endgame table-bases are being created; basically solving the game backwards.
  
  In studying tactics they suggest starting by themes and only later random.
  
  They also defy some previous claims like "go through each variation once" and "blindfold chess is good for your chess"; going as far to say blindfold chess may actually be harmful to one's development.
  They also think that studying composed puzzles is useless.
  
  They then reiterate DeGroot's earlier findings on the importance of "pattern recognition".
  
  As the paper was built on past studies I think it pretty much shows what scholars think of how chess learning should be approached scientifically.
  
  Personally, I agree with their suggestion of studying in chunks and repetition. It is easy to get overloaded when studying chess.
  
  
  ---
  
  