Answers.Body: <p>Per FIDE Chess Laws, rule 3.1, a piece is said to attack an opponent’s piece if the player’s piece can make a capture on that square (and in one more special case not relevant here).  In full:</p>
  <blockquote>
  <p>It is not permitted to move a piece to a square occupied by a piece of the same colour. If a piece moves to a square occupied by an opponent’s piece the latter is captured and removed from the chessboard as part of the same move. A piece is said to attack an opponent’s piece if the piece could make a capture on that square according to Articles 3.2 to 3.8.</p>
  <p>A piece is considered to attack a square even if this piece is constrained from moving to that square because it would then leave or place the king of its own colour under attack.</p>
  </blockquote>
  <p>Per rule 3.9, the king is in check when it is attacked by one or more of the opponent’s pieces.</p>
  <p>Therefore, as soon as the move is completed, the king is in check.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T13:03:14.823Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2019-08-08T13:03:14.823Z
Answers.LastEditDate: 2020-06-17T09:59:59.497Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Jirka Hanika
Answers.Body: <p>If the pawn is adjacent to king before promoting, it's already in check. For example, pawn is on e7 and King is on d8, king is in check.</p>
  
  <p>However, if pawn is 1 rank away from king and is promoted to queen, yes king is instantly in check. For example, pawn in on c7 and king is on e8, if c8Q, king is in check.</p>
  
  <p>It is applicable for all the pieces not only for Queen.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T09:10:17.333Z
Answers.Text: A pawn could end up adjacent to the enemy king after promoting if it captured a piece - that way the king wouldn't illegally be in check at the start of the move. King on e8, pawn on c7, cxd8=Q+.
Answers.UserDisplayName: D M
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Answers.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T12:53:40.713Z
Answers.Text: If you count squares that are diagonally touching as adjacent (and why wouldn't you?) the king could be on the same rank as the pawn prior to the promotion.
Answers.UserDisplayName: John Coleman
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Answers.UserDisplayName: Miral
Answers.Body: <p>I initially thought that it isn't possible to promote a pawn on a back rank square that is adjacent to the king, as that would suggest that the opposing king was left in check on the previous turn. But remellion pointed out that a pawn could promote on a square adjacent to the king if it captures on its promoting move.</p>
  
  <p>Either way, assuming no pieces are between the promoted pawn to queen and the opposing king, the white king would be in check on this next turn.</p>
  
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Answers.CreationDate: 2019-08-11T06:17:27.267Z
Answers.Text: You overlook a case: capturing with promotion. Black king on e8, white pawn on e7 takes something on d8, promoting.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Remellion
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Answers.CreationDate: 2019-08-11T20:12:20.590Z
Answers.Text: I completely overlooked this haha. Good point
Answers.UserDisplayName: David Chopin
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Answers.UserDisplayName: David Chopin
Body: <p>If a pawn is promoted to queen adjacent to the enemy king, is the king instantly in check?</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T08:34:40.387Z
Comments.Text: Check and promotion rules are independent.
Comments.UserDisplayName: user929304
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T14:03:40.443Z
Comments.Text: Simple rule for check: If you can capture my king on your next move, ignoring all pins, I'm in check.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Arlen
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T15:25:52.350Z
Comments.Text: @arlen why "ignoring all pins" ? "If you can capture my king on your next move" would suffice, no? If one of my piece is pinned, you still can't move your king to one of its target location, right?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Jeffrey
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T15:30:27.077Z
Comments.Text: Why not? If you move your queen besides the opponent's king, the king is “instantly” in check, isn't he?
Comments.UserDisplayName: DaG
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T16:28:40.060Z
Comments.Text: If your pawn promotes adjacent to the enemy king, wouldn't the king *already* be in check?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Kilian Foth
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T17:08:40.013Z
Comments.Text: @Jeffrey Suppose my pieces are Kd1, Rh8 and yours are Qd8, Ka8. Your queen is pinned against your king but I'm still in check. If Arlen had said just "If you can capture my king on your next move" people might be confused about whether the pin stops you capturing my king. (Everything's a bit grey since capturing a king is an illegal move anyway so asking whether or not the pin stops it is kind of moot.)
Comments.UserDisplayName: David Richerby
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-08T20:12:46.960Z
Comments.Text: https://chess.stackexchange.com/a/1065/13875 also has an answer to this question....
Comments.UserDisplayName: g19fanatic
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-10T20:29:06.487Z
Comments.Text: @KilianFoth Not if the pawn captured on its promotion-move.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Rosie F
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-08-12T18:26:35.930Z
Comments.Text: @Jeffrey - David was right, I was being precise in my language, Pins can get messy in various time controls and nations, and since adding three words avoided all the mess, it seemed a good idea to add them. (IIRC, capturing the King in FIDE blitz is a losing move, but in US blitz it wins, for one example of the mess.)
Comments.UserDisplayName: Arlen
Tags: <rules><pawn-promotion><check>
Title: If a pawn is promoted to queen beside the king is the king instantly in check?
ThreadText: # If a pawn is promoted to queen beside the king is the king instantly in check?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2019-08-08)
  
  If a pawn is promoted to queen adjacent to the enemy king, is the king instantly in check?
  
  **Tags:** rules, pawn-promotion, check
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: Check and promotion rules are independent.  
  > **username_2**: Simple rule for check: If you can capture my king on your next move, ignoring all pins, I'm in check.  
  > **username_3**: @username_2 why "ignoring all pins" ? "If you can capture my king on your next move" would suffice, no? If one of my piece is pinned, you still can't move your king to one of its target location, right?  
  > **username_4**: Why not? If you move your queen besides the opponent's king, the king is “instantly” in check, isn't he?  
  > **username_5**: If your pawn promotes adjacent to the enemy king, wouldn't the king *already* be in check?  
  > **username_6**: @username_3 Suppose my pieces are Kd1, Rh8 and yours are Qd8, Ka8. Your queen is pinned against your king but I'm still in check. If username_2 had said just "If you can capture my king on your next move" people might be confused about whether the pin stops you capturing my king. (Everything's a bit grey since capturing a king is an illegal move anyway so asking whether or not the pin stops it is kind of moot.)  
  > **username_7**: https://chess.stackexchange.com/a/1065/13875 also has an answer to this question....  
  > **username_8**: @username_5 Not if the pawn captured on its promotion-move.  
  > **username_2**: @username_3 - username_6 was right, I was being precise in my language, Pins can get messy in various time controls and nations, and since adding three words avoided all the mess, it seemed a good idea to add them. (IIRC, capturing the King in FIDE blitz is a losing move, but in US blitz it wins, for one example of the mess.)  
  
  ---
  
  ## 3 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_9 on 2019-08-08. Score: 11
  
  Per FIDE Chess Laws, rule 3.1, a piece is said to attack an opponent’s piece if the player’s piece can make a capture on that square (and in one more special case not relevant here). In full:
  
  > It is not permitted to move a piece to a square occupied by a piece of the same colour. If a piece moves to a square occupied by an opponent’s piece the latter is captured and removed from the chessboard as part of the same move. A piece is said to attack an opponent’s piece if the piece could make a capture on that square according to Articles 3.2 to 3.8.
  >
  > A piece is considered to attack a square even if this piece is constrained from moving to that square because it would then leave or place the king of its own colour under attack.
  
  Per rule 3.9, the king is in check when it is attacked by one or more of the opponent’s pieces.
  
  Therefore, as soon as the move is completed, the king is in check.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_10 on 2019-08-08. Score: 6
  
  If the pawn is adjacent to king before promoting, it's already in check. For example, pawn is on e7 and King is on d8, king is in check.
  
  However, if pawn is 1 rank away from king and is promoted to queen, yes king is instantly in check. For example, pawn in on c7 and king is on e8, if c8Q, king is in check.
  
  It is applicable for all the pieces not only for Queen.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_11**: A pawn could end up adjacent to the enemy king after promoting if it captured a piece - that way the king wouldn't illegally be in check at the start of the move. King on e8, pawn on c7, cxd8=Q+.  
  > **username_12**: If you count squares that are diagonally touching as adjacent (and why wouldn't you?) the king could be on the same rank as the pawn prior to the promotion.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_13 on 2019-08-11. Score: 0
  
  I initially thought that it isn't possible to promote a pawn on a back rank square that is adjacent to the king, as that would suggest that the opposing king was left in check on the previous turn. But username_14 pointed out that a pawn could promote on a square adjacent to the king if it captures on its promoting move.
  
  Either way, assuming no pieces are between the promoted pawn to queen and the opposing king, the white king would be in check on this next turn.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_14**: You overlook a case: capturing with promotion. Black king on e8, white pawn on e7 takes something on d8, promoting.  
  > **username_13**: I completely overlooked this haha. Good point  
  
  ---
  
  