Answers.Body: <p>If they have nothing to do and have completed their tasks, why should they stay? Motivated for <em>what</em> exactly? </p>
  
  <p>You have to accept the fact that some students don't have a grade maximizing strategy or attitude toward every course. Perhaps their time can better be spent on other courses once they reach the point that <em>satisfies</em> their goals. They may not consider your course or field to be essential to their goals. They may not be driven by grades as a result. If they think they have the knowledge they need for their <em>real</em> goals, then, in their mind, they are done. A better grade isn't an enticement. </p>
  
  <p>You need to give them a reason to stay. You could add requirements, making the project harder with the hardest tasks worth only a few points. You could make the project into a group project where collaboration is required. But you may need to make the project more inherently <em>interesting</em> to them, so that they want to do more without prompting by carrots or sticks. </p>
  
  <p>You could use a Scrum-like process with a project "backlog" and feed new requirements to students when they complete what they have. Of course you need to expand the scope of the project so that in the last days there is still something to do, but do it in a way that doesn't result in grade disadvantages for those that don't go beyond the basic requirements. </p>
  
  <p>But make-work will not motivate them. You need to be more subtle. </p>
  
  <p>Find a way to have a discussion session with those students who finish early to learn why they aren't more interested in staying. </p>
  
  <hr>
  
  <p>I agree completely that letting them evaluate their own work is a good thing. Adding risk to grading would be a step backwards. </p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-11-05T20:26:54.537Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2018-11-06T11:57:54.683Z
Answers.LastEditDate: 2018-11-06T11:57:54.683Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Buffy
Answers.Body: <p>In my program, we have a year-long culminating capstone project which has a format that might work well for you.  Traditionally, high school seniors in this area of the world catch a disease called "senioritis" that prevents them from doing a lot of work as they enter into the last few months of high school.  It's a highly contagious disease, though once caught, you often gain a subsequent immunity (such as in college or graduate school).</p>
  
  <p>We</p>
  
  <p>The format of the year is:</p>
  
  <ol>
  <li><strong>Choose projects</strong></li>
  <li><strong>Work towards completion</strong></li>
  <li><strong>Give final presentations to outside judges</strong></li>
  <li><strong>Final cleanup and submission</strong></li>
  </ol>
  
  <p>Here are the details for steps 2-4 that make this all work:</p>
  
  <ol start="2">
  <li><p><strong>Working towards completion</strong> is done using milestones.  The students decide what the next logical part of their project is, and negotiate with the teacher what they will accomplish by the next check-in date. (They also negotiate what the next check-in date will be).</p>
  
  <p>In my experience, I have to dial my students back more often than I have to push them forward. Students often have big ideas, and little sense of how long those ideas will take to enact.</p>
  
  <p>I keep a public calendar of which groups I will need to see each day. With any extra time, I check in with active groups to see if they need any help.</p></li>
  <li><p><strong>Final presentations</strong></p>
  
  <p>We rehearse our final presentations in small assignments during the weeks leading up to the big day, and I give critiques to help improve the presentations as we go. </p>
  
  <p>On the big day, we use a big(ish) venue, invite the underclass CS majors, and have a panel of outside experts as judges.</p>
  
  <p>It is extremely important that the teacher not be an evaluator for the final presentations. This keeps the pressure up, both on the students, and on the teacher! 
  Instead, outsiders are brought in (and provided a grading rubric!) who will judge the final projects and finally presentations on their merits.  Some of these outsiders may still be from our institution, but not all of them, and no one who has been in any way involved in a project.</p>
  
  <p>These final grades are averaged together, and will eventually be mixed in with the milestone grades.  </p>
  
  <p>But first, the student is given... a zero!</p>
  
  <p>Well, not really. But the grade they receive from the judges is provisional. They have to finish up the last pieces in order to receive this grade.</p></li>
  <li><p><strong>Final cleanup and submission</strong></p>
  
  <p>This is the phase, usually about 2 weeks after the presentations, during which the students have to do their 'i's and cross their 't's. Is the project actually finished and documented? Do the clients have the access and support they need to actually use them? Are the projects actually submitted on GitHub to the teachers? Have the students filled out an end-of-program questionnaire?</p>
  
  <p>Once those pesky boxes are all checked, students are finally awarded the grades from the presentations.</p></li>
  </ol>
  
  <p>Put all together, all of these moving parts seem to prevent senioritis completely. The high fliers want to put their best foot forward for the outside experts. The strugglers work very hard to make sure that their project actually comes together before the big day. The final checklist means that I am not left with a bunch of 99% completed projects at the end of the whole process.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-11-05T23:09:50.657Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2018-11-05T23:09:50.657Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Ben I.
Body: <p>Fellow educators,</p>
  
  <p>I am teaching a project based course composed of two parts. The first half of the course focuses on basic concepts and activities that serve as preparation for the second half where students work on a project. The project is based on a grading rubric and, for students, it is very easy to evaluate their own progress. </p>
  
  <p>Lately some students started leaving class earlier. The early leavers are actually the best performing ones and have already accomplished the minimum project goals. Thus, they are already approved in the course even though we still have one month left... (&lt;-- this sounds like a problem...) </p>
  
  <p>My question is: how to improve the "end-game" of project based courses to avoid students leaving early and help them to stay motivated?</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-11-05T19:57:48.777Z
Comments.Text: I don't understand what you mean by _leaving_. Is it a lecture that they leave, or a working session where they work on the project itself? If the latter, do they work alone or in groups?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Buffy
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-11-05T20:07:23.697Z
Comments.Text: Will they get a better grade if they work more? Usually the best aim for good grades... Or is it just a pass-or-fail exam?
Comments.UserDisplayName: OBu
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-11-05T20:16:10.713Z
Comments.Text: @Buffy it is a working session where they work alone (it does count towards attendance)
Comments.UserDisplayName: igordsm
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-11-05T20:16:24.103Z
Comments.Text: @Obu they get a better grade if they work more.
Comments.UserDisplayName: igordsm
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-11-05T20:17:50.153Z
Comments.Text: ...and do you expect them to come back later to add something to the project? Maybe they expect to be able to accomplish the additional work easily?
Comments.UserDisplayName: OBu
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-04-25T13:18:23.550Z
Comments.Text: could it be that better performers want to work alone, and slow performers want to ride on someone's back?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Aksakal almost surely binary
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-04-25T16:23:31.243Z
Comments.Text: @Aksakal I am not sure I understand what you are implying. Would you care to elaborate?
Comments.UserDisplayName: igordsm
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-04-25T17:09:17.767Z
Comments.Text: @igordsm, I thought you meant group projects. If it's individual projects, then it makes even more sense to leave when you think you got the idea. why stay whole class, if you already accomplished your goal? maybe you could have different difficulty projects so students pick more interesting and difficult projects if they feel like that?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Aksakal almost surely binary
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-04-25T17:23:53.897Z
Comments.Text: @igordsm, i remember that on one project we were given the same exact task, but you could do it in either ASM or higher level language. we'd get x2 points for ASM, so I picked it
Comments.UserDisplayName: Aksakal almost surely binary
Tags: <student-motivation><project><evaluation>
Title: Improve motivation in the final part of a project based course
ThreadText: # Improve motivation in the final part of a project based course
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2018-11-05)
  
  Fellow educators,
  
  I am teaching a project based course composed of two parts. The first half of the course focuses on basic concepts and activities that serve as preparation for the second half where students work on a project. The project is based on a grading rubric and, for students, it is very easy to evaluate their own progress.
  
  Lately some students started leaving class earlier. The early leavers are actually the best performing ones and have already accomplished the minimum project goals. Thus, they are already approved in the course even though we still have one month left... (<-- this sounds like a problem...)
  
  My question is: how to improve the "end-game" of project based courses to avoid students leaving early and help them to stay motivated?
  
  **Tags:** student-motivation, project, evaluation
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: I don't understand what you mean by _leaving_. Is it a lecture that they leave, or a working session where they work on the project itself? If the latter, do they work alone or in groups?  
  > **username_2**: Will they get a better grade if they work more? Usually the best aim for good grades... Or is it just a pass-or-fail exam?  
  > **username_0**: @username_1 it is a working session where they work alone (it does count towards attendance)  
  > **username_0**: @Obu they get a better grade if they work more.  
  > **username_2**: ...and do you expect them to come back later to add something to the project? Maybe they expect to be able to accomplish the additional work easily?  
  > **username_3**: could it be that better performers want to work alone, and slow performers want to ride on someone's back?  
  > **username_0**: @username_3 I am not sure I understand what you are implying. Would you care to elaborate?  
  > **username_3**: @username_0, I thought you meant group projects. If it's individual projects, then it makes even more sense to leave when you think you got the idea. why stay whole class, if you already accomplished your goal? maybe you could have different difficulty projects so students pick more interesting and difficult projects if they feel like that?  
  > **username_3**: @username_0, i remember that on one project we were given the same exact task, but you could do it in either ASM or higher level language. we'd get x2 points for ASM, so I picked it  
  
  ---
  
  ## 2 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_4 on 2018-11-05. Score: 1
  
  In my program, we have a year-long culminating capstone project which has a format that might work well for you. Traditionally, high school seniors in this area of the world catch a disease called "senioritis" that prevents them from doing a lot of work as they enter into the last few months of high school. It's a highly contagious disease, though once caught, you often gain a subsequent immunity (such as in college or graduate school).
  
  We
  
  The format of the year is:
  
  1. **Choose projects**
  2. **Work towards completion**
  3. **Give final presentations to outside judges**
  4. **Final cleanup and submission**
  
  Here are the details for steps 2-4 that make this all work:
  
  2. **Working towards completion** is done using milestones. The students decide what the next logical part of their project is, and negotiate with the teacher what they will accomplish by the next check-in date. (They also negotiate what the next check-in date will be).
  
     In my experience, I have to dial my students back more often than I have to push them forward. Students often have big ideas, and little sense of how long those ideas will take to enact.
  
     I keep a public calendar of which groups I will need to see each day. With any extra time, I check in with active groups to see if they need any help.
  3. **Final presentations**
  
     We rehearse our final presentations in small assignments during the weeks leading up to the big day, and I give critiques to help improve the presentations as we go.
  
     On the big day, we use a big(ish) venue, invite the underclass CS majors, and have a panel of outside experts as judges.
  
     It is extremely important that the teacher not be an evaluator for the final presentations. This keeps the pressure up, both on the students, and on the teacher!
     Instead, outsiders are brought in (and provided a grading rubric!) who will judge the final projects and finally presentations on their merits. Some of these outsiders may still be from our institution, but not all of them, and no one who has been in any way involved in a project.
  
     These final grades are averaged together, and will eventually be mixed in with the milestone grades.
  
     But first, the student is given... a zero!
  
     Well, not really. But the grade they receive from the judges is provisional. They have to finish up the last pieces in order to receive this grade.
  4. **Final cleanup and submission**
  
     This is the phase, usually about 2 weeks after the presentations, during which the students have to do their 'i's and cross their 't's. Is the project actually finished and documented? Do the clients have the access and support they need to actually use them? Are the projects actually submitted on GitHub to the teachers? Have the students filled out an end-of-program questionnaire?
  
     Once those pesky boxes are all checked, students are finally awarded the grades from the presentations.
  
  Put all together, all of these moving parts seem to prevent senioritis completely. The high fliers want to put their best foot forward for the outside experts. The strugglers work very hard to make sure that their project actually comes together before the big day. The final checklist means that I am not left with a bunch of 99% completed projects at the end of the whole process.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_1 on 2018-11-05. Score: 0
  
  If they have nothing to do and have completed their tasks, why should they stay? Motivated for *what* exactly?
  
  You have to accept the fact that some students don't have a grade maximizing strategy or attitude toward every course. Perhaps their time can better be spent on other courses once they reach the point that *satisfies* their goals. They may not consider your course or field to be essential to their goals. They may not be driven by grades as a result. If they think they have the knowledge they need for their *real* goals, then, in their mind, they are done. A better grade isn't an enticement.
  
  You need to give them a reason to stay. You could add requirements, making the project harder with the hardest tasks worth only a few points. You could make the project into a group project where collaboration is required. But you may need to make the project more inherently *interesting* to them, so that they want to do more without prompting by carrots or sticks.
  
  You could use a Scrum-like process with a project "backlog" and feed new requirements to students when they complete what they have. Of course you need to expand the scope of the project so that in the last days there is still something to do, but do it in a way that doesn't result in grade disadvantages for those that don't go beyond the basic requirements.
  
  But make-work will not motivate them. You need to be more subtle.
  
  Find a way to have a discussion session with those students who finish early to learn why they aren't more interested in staying.
  
  ---
  
  I agree completely that letting them evaluate their own work is a good thing. Adding risk to grading would be a step backwards.
  
  
  ---
  
  