Answers.Body: <p>This is a great idea. We should definitely help people determine in advance what fields they are likely to succeed in. It would be far better for them, the economy and the employers to admit only people who are likely to be good candidates for schooling and employment.</p>
  
  <p>The work training program that I have been employed to teach -- training adults with physical disabilities for entry-level programming jobs -- has just be discontinued partly due to the recent US <strong>Workplace Innovation and Opportunity Act</strong> (WIOA) requirement that job training programs result in a recognized industry credential leading to employment or advancement in a job. (We could not find a credential that was reachable with around a year of training.) As far as I know, this job training program was unique in the US, and it used to be quite successful, when it was possible to get a programming job with a few months experience in COBOL. This is no longer true, and we were short on incoming candidates and not having much luck placing them either.</p>
  
  <p>We have now decided to offer training leading to the <strong>Microsoft Office Specialist</strong> (MOS) certification instead, which is faster and much more likely to get people in to jobs, and we can serve far more people a year that way.</p>
  
  <p>I am just a little curious though, as to why someone didn't see this coming long ago -- the calls for prequalification for education and for screening of employment candidates -- back when the US Supreme Court passed that <a href="http://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/griggs-v-duke-power/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">decision in 1971</a><sup><strong>1</strong></sup>, making it illegal for employers to use screening tests that "could be biased"? (The decision that led to employers simply requiring a college degree instead, which has been implicated as a cause of the mushrooming demand for and cost of college and university education.)</p>
  
  <p>Many experts in the field of computing are calling for Apprenticeship programs. Any takers? We could again try using the method humanity has relied on for thousands of years to produce experts, masters and professionals.</p>
  
  <p><strong>1</strong>: <a href="http://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/griggs-v-duke-power/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/griggs-v-duke-power/</a></p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-10T11:06:28.800Z
Answers.Text: I sure understand that it's not up to some agency to decide what the students should learn, but we are talking about approx. 2500 students per year... Don't you think that something should be done... Well, in the end, they may use this experience to realize that CS is not for them and move forward, but again approx 25% wrong choices? Maybe we should blame marketing and the TV shows for providing a wrong idea about CS...
Answers.UserDisplayName: Nuno Gil Fonseca
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Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-10T15:33:06.690Z
Answers.Text: I'd love to hear more about that US Supreme Court Case from 1971, any references?
Answers.UserDisplayName: Kelly S. French
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-11T17:20:45.393Z
Answers.Text: @KellyS.French Reference added to answer.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Gypsy Spellweaver
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Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-10T00:20:26.163Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2018-05-11T17:20:20.237Z
Answers.LastEditDate: 2018-05-11T17:20:20.237Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: user5111
Answers.Body: <p>I'm going to present an orthogonal answer here so that you have some perspective. I don't know what the current demand for CS employees is in Portugal right now, but assuming it is high and has been for a while the following effect starts to occur and lasts for a while. </p>
  
  <p>When a field is <em>HOT</em>, students with no strong preferences or goals will tend, more than normally, to try to get into that field, thinking that their future is assured. It doesn't matter if they have aptitude or skills. They just want to go there. In fact, those students might be very able in general but their interest isn't really in that field, other than what it might provide them as a livelihood. These students might actually test well on any aptitude test, but later drop out as they learn, too late, that they don't actually like what they need to do. </p>
  
  <p>It may not even be that they find it too hard. It just isn't fun. So more than aptitude is needed and more that strong prior academics is needed. This is <em>desire</em>. You have to actually like the tasks that a field requires to want to stay in it, as not all the tasks are inherently fun. </p>
  
  <p>This is just a warning that an aptitude test may not help you as much as you think it should. If you are overwhelmed with applicants then trying to find out why the students want to study this field can be a better predictor of completion than intelligence or aptitude. </p>
  
  <p>Why do people go in to Medicine. Some are driven to help people or solve some interesting medical conundrum. But some are just driven by money (or the expectation of money). Who do you want to spend your time and effort educating. Find people with <em>desire</em>. That can overcome a lot of other things - even natural ability. </p>
  
  <p>We sometimes think that star athletes do what they do easily and without effort. Nothing is farther from the truth. To excel they need to practice constantly. Their natural ability may give them a start, but they will fail without the desire that carries them over the hard parts and keeps them going. The same is true in academics. </p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-10T11:15:15.800Z
Answers.Text: I sure agree with what you said! And yes, the demand is also high here. The thing is: in Portugal; you select who will be admitted in a program having into account their high school grades. You can never ask them why do they want to do it. But, hey, I'm fine, I choose CS, because I like, and am very happy with my choice, the thing is that every year approx. 2500 students make a bad choice!
Answers.UserDisplayName: Nuno Gil Fonseca
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-14T17:52:39.517Z
Answers.Text: I've had a student struggling in my Linux Admin I class (so about halfway through a 2 year degree OR at the end of a 1 year certificate) who couldn't follow a simple list of directions (1 - download ISO image at ... 2 - Burn ISO image using GUI utilities, etc).  Asked him why he was having problems, he had some literacy issues.   I asked him why he got into the IT field, he said "because my high school guidance counselor told me it would be working inside instead of roofing like my dad".
Answers.UserDisplayName: ivanivan
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-14T18:33:09.440Z
Answers.Text: Maybe he will find enlightenment somehow. All who struggle are not lost. Some have a longer and harder path than others. As teachers we do what we can, but success doesn't lie behind every bush.
Answers.UserDisplayName: Buffy
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2018-05-10T00:41:30.567Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2018-05-10T00:41:30.567Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Buffy
Body: <p>For research reasons, in the last few days, I’ve been looking at several statistics on computer science programs in Portugal (but also in Europe and the US).</p>
  
  <p>One of the most interesting findings is that approx. <strong>20%</strong> of the students will drop the program at the end of the first year. But the most problematic finding is that after four years, only approx <strong>22%-32%</strong> of the students were able to graduate in a 3-year program.</p>
  
  <p>It is important to stress that in Portugal the admission to higher education is determined only by the grades that the students obtained in High School (50%) and the results of the exams in some particular subjects (Math and Physics) for CS programs, for instance (50%). In the end, only the n students with higher scores will be admitted.</p>
  
  <p>Given the demand for IT personnel and the high unemployment rates of several other areas, several students will end up attempting CS. </p>
  
  <p>I am aware, that some companies rely on the <strong>Berger Aptitude for Programming Test</strong> to select their candidates. From what I understood, this test is used mostly to evaluate the candidate’s ability to program and could not be used to select candidates for the CS programs.</p>
  
  <p>Given this context, shouldn’t the students be performing some aptitude test before enrolling in these programs? Is anyone aware of the usage of such tests? </p>
  
  <p>Obviously, I understand that one shouldn’t simply say to someone: “Hey choose something else!”. However, we are talking about several hundreds of students that are basically losing one or more years of their lives. Although this happens in Portugal, I guess the same thing occurs in other countries. Shouldn’t we be doing something about it?</p>
  
  <p>I am aware of some other questions concerning programming aptitude. However, I think mine is different. </p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-05-10T12:47:04.400Z
Comments.Text: Is this something that the other CS faculty at your university are also concerned about, or is this question purely abstract? Which is to say, is this about what *you* should do, or about what your *department* should do?
Comments.UserDisplayName: Ben I.
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-05-10T14:06:37.280Z
Comments.Text: This is a nationwide problem. Its mainly something that is "bugging me". I have no responsibility regarding this issue. Although I didn't wrote that in the question, I was not suggesting the use of a test to eliminate the candidates (i read a lot about the “geek gene”). I see it as a formative thing like: "Hum, I guess you are not 100% fitted for this but do as you wish!".  When I posted the question, I was already expecting the "politically correct" answers. The problem is real (at least here) and no one seems to care.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Nuno Gil Fonseca
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-05-11T15:22:01.777Z
Comments.Text: Is there no other aspect to the selection process? In the UK the candidate normally submits a written statement about themselves (and why they are applying) as well as an interview.
Comments.UserDisplayName: JeffUK
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-05-11T16:49:09.810Z
Comments.Text: @JeffUK Unfortunately, no! The only aspect that counts is the student's grades... Here, the student selects the University (and the program) when s/he applies, and not the opposite. Actually, on a given day in September, all the Universities are informed about the list of students that will enroll in their programs by a National Agency. The Universities have ZERO control.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Nuno Gil Fonseca
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2018-05-16T12:25:42.383Z
Comments.Text: @NunoGilFonseca then I guess your only option is to dissuade them from applying.  See "Is CS a good choice for me" here http://ualr.edu/computerscience/prospective-students/frequently-asked-questions/#u2 I've seen others being more blunt about "Just because you like playing computer games, doesn't mean this is the right course for you"
Comments.UserDisplayName: JeffUK
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2019-12-23T04:58:42.363Z
Comments.Text: +1 for this question. I also could have asked the same thing (at an open-admissions U.S. community college).
Comments.UserDisplayName: Daniel R. Collins
Tags: <admission-requirements>
Title: Use of programming aptitude test in CS program admission
ThreadText: # Use of programming aptitude test in CS program admission
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2018-05-09)
  
  For research reasons, in the last few days, I’ve been looking at several statistics on computer science programs in Portugal (but also in Europe and the US).
  
  One of the most interesting findings is that approx. **20%** of the students will drop the program at the end of the first year. But the most problematic finding is that after four years, only approx **22%-32%** of the students were able to graduate in a 3-year program.
  
  It is important to stress that in Portugal the admission to higher education is determined only by the grades that the students obtained in High School (50%) and the results of the exams in some particular subjects (Math and Physics) for CS programs, for instance (50%). In the end, only the n students with higher scores will be admitted.
  
  Given the demand for IT personnel and the high unemployment rates of several other areas, several students will end up attempting CS.
  
  I am aware, that some companies rely on the **Berger Aptitude for Programming Test** to select their candidates. From what I understood, this test is used mostly to evaluate the candidate’s ability to program and could not be used to select candidates for the CS programs.
  
  Given this context, shouldn’t the students be performing some aptitude test before enrolling in these programs? Is anyone aware of the usage of such tests?
  
  Obviously, I understand that one shouldn’t simply say to someone: “Hey choose something else!”. However, we are talking about several hundreds of students that are basically losing one or more years of their lives. Although this happens in Portugal, I guess the same thing occurs in other countries. Shouldn’t we be doing something about it?
  
  I am aware of some other questions concerning programming aptitude. However, I think mine is different.
  
  **Tags:** admission-requirements
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: Is this something that the other CS faculty at your university are also concerned about, or is this question purely abstract? Which is to say, is this about what *you* should do, or about what your *department* should do?  
  > **username_0**: This is a nationwide problem. Its mainly something that is "bugging me". I have no responsibility regarding this issue. Although I didn't wrote that in the question, I was not suggesting the use of a test to eliminate the candidates (i read a lot about the “geek gene”). I see it as a formative thing like: "Hum, I guess you are not 100% fitted for this but do as you wish!".  When I posted the question, I was already expecting the "politically correct" answers. The problem is real (at least here) and no one seems to care.  
  > **username_2**: Is there no other aspect to the selection process? In the UK the candidate normally submits a written statement about themselves (and why they are applying) as well as an interview.  
  > **username_0**: @username_2 Unfortunately, no! The only aspect that counts is the student's grades... Here, the student selects the University (and the program) when s/he applies, and not the opposite. Actually, on a given day in September, all the Universities are informed about the list of students that will enroll in their programs by a National Agency. The Universities have ZERO control.  
  > **username_2**: @username_0 then I guess your only option is to dissuade them from applying.  See "Is CS a good choice for me" here http://ualr.edu/computerscience/prospective-students/frequently-asked-questions/#u2 I've seen others being more blunt about "Just because you like playing computer games, doesn't mean this is the right course for you"  
  > **username_3**: +1 for this question. I also could have asked the same thing (at an open-admissions U.S. community college).  
  
  ---
  
  ## 2 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_4 on 2018-05-10. Score: 5
  
  This is a great idea. We should definitely help people determine in advance what fields they are likely to succeed in. It would be far better for them, the economy and the employers to admit only people who are likely to be good candidates for schooling and employment.
  
  The work training program that I have been employed to teach -- training adults with physical disabilities for entry-level programming jobs -- has just be discontinued partly due to the recent US **Workplace Innovation and Opportunity Act** (WIOA) requirement that job training programs result in a recognized industry credential leading to employment or advancement in a job. (We could not find a credential that was reachable with around a year of training.) As far as I know, this job training program was unique in the US, and it used to be quite successful, when it was possible to get a programming job with a few months experience in COBOL. This is no longer true, and we were short on incoming candidates and not having much luck placing them either.
  
  We have now decided to offer training leading to the **Microsoft Office Specialist** (MOS) certification instead, which is faster and much more likely to get people in to jobs, and we can serve far more people a year that way.
  
  I am just a little curious though, as to why someone didn't see this coming long ago -- the calls for prequalification for education and for screening of employment candidates -- back when the US Supreme Court passed that [decision in 1971](http://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/griggs-v-duke-power/)**1**, making it illegal for employers to use screening tests that "could be biased"? (The decision that led to employers simply requiring a college degree instead, which has been implicated as a cause of the mushrooming demand for and cost of college and university education.)
  
  Many experts in the field of computing are calling for Apprenticeship programs. Any takers? We could again try using the method humanity has relied on for thousands of years to produce experts, masters and professionals.
  
  **1**: <http://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/griggs-v-duke-power/>
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_0**: I sure understand that it's not up to some agency to decide what the students should learn, but we are talking about approx. 2500 students per year... Don't you think that something should be done... Well, in the end, they may use this experience to realize that CS is not for them and move forward, but again approx 25% wrong choices? Maybe we should blame marketing and the TV shows for providing a wrong idea about CS...  
  > **username_5**: I'd love to hear more about that US Supreme Court Case from 1971, any references?  
  > **username_6**: @username_5 Reference added to answer.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_7 on 2018-05-10. Score: 4
  
  I'm going to present an orthogonal answer here so that you have some perspective. I don't know what the current demand for CS employees is in Portugal right now, but assuming it is high and has been for a while the following effect starts to occur and lasts for a while.
  
  When a field is *HOT*, students with no strong preferences or goals will tend, more than normally, to try to get into that field, thinking that their future is assured. It doesn't matter if they have aptitude or skills. They just want to go there. In fact, those students might be very able in general but their interest isn't really in that field, other than what it might provide them as a livelihood. These students might actually test well on any aptitude test, but later drop out as they learn, too late, that they don't actually like what they need to do.
  
  It may not even be that they find it too hard. It just isn't fun. So more than aptitude is needed and more that strong prior academics is needed. This is *desire*. You have to actually like the tasks that a field requires to want to stay in it, as not all the tasks are inherently fun.
  
  This is just a warning that an aptitude test may not help you as much as you think it should. If you are overwhelmed with applicants then trying to find out why the students want to study this field can be a better predictor of completion than intelligence or aptitude.
  
  Why do people go in to Medicine. Some are driven to help people or solve some interesting medical conundrum. But some are just driven by money (or the expectation of money). Who do you want to spend your time and effort educating. Find people with *desire*. That can overcome a lot of other things - even natural ability.
  
  We sometimes think that star athletes do what they do easily and without effort. Nothing is farther from the truth. To excel they need to practice constantly. Their natural ability may give them a start, but they will fail without the desire that carries them over the hard parts and keeps them going. The same is true in academics.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_0**: I sure agree with what you said! And yes, the demand is also high here. The thing is: in Portugal; you select who will be admitted in a program having into account their high school grades. You can never ask them why do they want to do it. But, hey, I'm fine, I choose CS, because I like, and am very happy with my choice, the thing is that every year approx. 2500 students make a bad choice!  
  > **username_8**: I've had a student struggling in my Linux Admin I class (so about halfway through a 2 year degree OR at the end of a 1 year certificate) who couldn't follow a simple list of directions (1 - download ISO image at ... 2 - Burn ISO image using GUI utilities, etc).  Asked him why he was having problems, he had some literacy issues.   I asked him why he got into the IT field, he said "because my high school guidance counselor told me it would be working inside instead of roofing like my dad".  
  > **username_7**: Maybe he will find enlightenment somehow. All who struggle are not lost. Some have a longer and harder path than others. As teachers we do what we can, but success doesn't lie behind every bush.  
  
  ---
  
  