Answers.Body: <p>When you initially open your PDF file in your favorite PDF reader, the &quot;open&quot;/&quot;closed&quot; option determines whether the bookmark is by default expanded (open) or not (closed).</p>
  <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/NooxYm.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/NooxYm.png" alt="JPdfBookmarks open-closed example" /></a></p>
  <p>For example, in the image above, the bookmarks &quot;IV Supplementary Material&quot; and &quot;A Stability&quot; are expanded/open/sit next to a &quot;⋎&quot;, and the bookmark &quot;B Lie Algebras&quot; is non-expanded/closed/sits next to a &quot;&gt;&quot;. The bookmarks A.1–A.6, having no children, can be legitimately be considered as open or as closed. (By the way, &quot;A.l&quot; is a typo and should be &quot;A.1&quot;.)</p>
  <p>Note that this feature may work in some apps and fail in other apps. On my Mac, it works in Adobe Acrobat Reader DC (shown above) and Foxit PDF Reader but not in Preview. Preview displays all bookmarks as closed regardless.</p>
  <p><strong>Source</strong>: The <a href="http://flavianopetrocchi.blogspot.com/2009/09/jpdfbookmarks-200.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">JPdfBookmarks 2.0.0 release page</a> mentions &quot;the open/closed state&quot;. I then looked at the JPdfBookmarks dumps for a couple of PDFs and inferred the above answer. (Unfortunately, I don't have confirmation from any &quot;legit&quot; source.)</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2022-10-03T23:58:20.523Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2022-10-03T23:58:20.523Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: xFioraMstr18
Body: <p>This is an excerpt extracted from the PDF bookmark, using <a href="https://superuser.com/a/1263185/301042">JPdfBookmarks</a>:</p>
  
  <pre><code>Believe It or Not: Scientific Progress!?/44,Black,notBold,notItalic,closed,FitPage
          The Whole Is More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Gestalt Psychology/45,Black,notBold,notItalic,open,FitPage
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>What are the "closed" and "open" used for? It isn't explained in the <a href="http://jpdfbookmarks.altervista.org/InsertBookmarks.html#1_3_1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">manual</a>.</p>
  
Tags: <pdf><table-of-contents>
Title: What are "open" and "closed" settings in PDF bookmarks?
UserDisplayName: Ooker
ThreadText: # What are "open" and "closed" settings in PDF bookmarks?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2018-09-19)
  
  This is an excerpt extracted from the PDF bookmark, using JPdfBookmarks:
  Believe It or Not: Scientific Progress!?/44,Black,notBold,notItalic,closed,FitPage
          The Whole Is More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Gestalt Psychology/45,Black,notBold,notItalic,open,FitPage
  
  What are the "closed" and "open" used for? It isn't explained in the manual.
  
  **Tags:** pdf, table-of-contents
  
  
  ---
  
  ## 1 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_1 on 2022-10-03. Score: 2 | Accepted answer
  
  When you initially open your PDF file in your favorite PDF reader, the "open"/"closed" option determines whether the bookmark is by default expanded (open) or not (closed).
  
  [![JPdfBookmarks open-closed example](https://i.sstatic.net/NooxYm.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/NooxYm.png)
  
  For example, in the image above, the bookmarks "IV Supplementary Material" and "A Stability" are expanded/open/sit next to a "⋎", and the bookmark "B Lie Algebras" is non-expanded/closed/sits next to a ">". The bookmarks A.1–A.6, having no children, can be legitimately be considered as open or as closed. (By the way, "A.l" is a typo and should be "A.1".)
  
  Note that this feature may work in some apps and fail in other apps. On my Mac, it works in Adobe Acrobat Reader DC (shown above) and Foxit PDF Reader but not in Preview. Preview displays all bookmarks as closed regardless.
  
  **Source**: The [JPdfBookmarks 2.0.0 release page](http://flavianopetrocchi.blogspot.com/2009/09/jpdfbookmarks-200.html) mentions "the open/closed state". I then looked at the JPdfBookmarks dumps for a couple of PDFs and inferred the above answer. (Unfortunately, I don't have confirmation from any "legit" source.)
  
  
  ---
  
  