Answers.Body: <p>The process depends if the tournament is an all-play-all or a Swiss. For an all-play-all all the players play each other once with a different player having the bye in each round.</p>
  <p>For a Swiss it is more complicated. There are a number of FIDE documents which have relevant information on this.</p>
  <p>First, for pairing purposes, the players are ranked according to estimated playing strength. This is defined in <a href="https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/C0402" rel="nofollow noreferrer">C.04.2 General handling rules for Swiss Tournaments</a>:</p>
  <blockquote>
  <p>2 Before the first round the players are ranked in order of, respectively</p>
  <p>a. Strength (rating)<br />
  b. FIDE-title (GM-IM- WGM-FM-WIM-CM-WFM-WCM-no title)<br />
  c. alphabetically (unless it has been previously stated that this criterion has been replaced by another one)</p>
  </blockquote>
  <p>Next, <a href="https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/C0401" rel="nofollow noreferrer">C.04.1 Basic rules for Swiss Systems</a> has general rules which include this for byes:</p>
  <blockquote>
  <p>A player who has already received a pairing-allocated bye, or has already scored a (forfeit) win due to an opponent not appearing in time, shall not receive the pairing-allocated bye.</p>
  </blockquote>
  <p>Finally, <a href="https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/C0403" rel="nofollow noreferrer">C.04.3 FIDE (Dutch) System</a> details the actual FIDE Swiss pairing rules. These rules basically state that the player who gets a bye is the player in the bottom score group who is left without an opponent.</p>
  <p>This makes it more difficult than the four possibilities you present.</p>
  <blockquote>
  <ol>
  <li>The lowest rated player who has not received a bye.</li>
  </ol>
  </blockquote>
  <p>No. This would basically mean the lowest rated player receiving the bye every round and effectively being excluded from the tournament.</p>
  <blockquote>
  <ol start="2">
  <li>The lowest rated player in the lowest score group who has not received a bye and is not due a bye in a later round</li>
  </ol>
  </blockquote>
  <p>No. If the player has requested a bye in a later round that does not exclude them from receiving the bye. Also it is possible to be the lowest rated player in the lowest score group and be allocated an opponent by the pairing algorithm.</p>
  <p>Example: 3 players in the lowest score group, A, B and C in rating order. A and B are expected to have white according to the pairing rules for colour and C is expected to have black. The pairing will be A vs C and B, who is the second lowest rated player, will have the bye.</p>
  <blockquote>
  <ol start="3">
  <li>The lowest rated player in the lowest score group whether he/she has received a bye or not</li>
  </ol>
  </blockquote>
  <p>No. No player may be allocated a pairing bye (i.e. not a requested bye) twice.</p>
  <blockquote>
  <p>Any player you expect to lose every round</p>
  </blockquote>
  <p>Obviously not.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2022-10-21T00:35:15.347Z
Answers.Text: A nitpick at your response to option 1: "This would basically mean the lowest rated player receiving the bye every round and effectively being excluded from the tournament." - No, because it says "who has not received a bye". The answer is of course still "no" but not for that reason.
Answers.UserDisplayName: D M
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Answers.LastActivityDate: 2022-10-13T11:15:00.330Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Brian Towers
Answers.Body: <p>For swiss pairing, the lowest player in the pairing list who did not receive a bye yet.</p>
  
Answers.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Answers.CreationDate: 2022-10-14T13:40:20.410Z
Answers.Text: Do you have a source for your claim?
Answers.UserDisplayName: Thomas Markov
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Answers.UserDisplayName: QEDemonstrandum
Body: <p>Who receives the second round full point bye, if there are an odd number of people scheduled to play in round two?</p>
  <ol>
  <li>The lowest rated player who has not received a bye.</li>
  <li>The lowest rated player in the lowest score group who has not received a bye and is not due a bye in a later round.</li>
  <li>The lowest rated player in the lowest score group whether he/she has received a bye or not.</li>
  <li>Any player you expect to lose every round.</li>
  </ol>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2022-10-13T09:30:52.053Z
Comments.Text: Is this about a tournament using the Swiss system? There are strict rules on how to do pairing, and they include who ends up with the bye.
Comments.UserDisplayName: RemcoGerlich
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2022-10-21T00:27:31.940Z
Comments.Text: https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/22812/how-do-i-determine-the-bye-player-in-a-swiss-tournament seems like a duplicate if we're talking about Swiss.
Comments.UserDisplayName: D M
Tags: <tournament>
Title: Who receives a bye when there are an odd number of participants?
ThreadText: # Who receives a bye when there are an odd number of participants?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2022-10-13)
  
  Who receives the second round full point bye, if there are an odd number of people scheduled to play in round two?
  
  1. The lowest rated player who has not received a bye.
  2. The lowest rated player in the lowest score group who has not received a bye and is not due a bye in a later round.
  3. The lowest rated player in the lowest score group whether he/she has received a bye or not.
  4. Any player you expect to lose every round.
  
  **Tags:** tournament
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_1**: Is this about a tournament using the Swiss system? There are strict rules on how to do pairing, and they include who ends up with the bye.  
  > **username_2**: https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/22812/how-do-i-determine-the-bye-player-in-a-swiss-tournament seems like a duplicate if we're talking about Swiss.  
  
  ---
  
  ## 2 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_3 on 2022-10-13. Score: 2
  
  The process depends if the tournament is an all-play-all or a Swiss. For an all-play-all all the players play each other once with a different player having the bye in each round.
  
  For a Swiss it is more complicated. There are a number of FIDE documents which have relevant information on this.
  
  First, for pairing purposes, the players are ranked according to estimated playing strength. This is defined in [C.04.2 General handling rules for Swiss Tournaments](https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/C0402):
  
  > 2 Before the first round the players are ranked in order of, respectively
  >
  > a. Strength (rating)  
  > b. FIDE-title (GM-IM- WGM-FM-WIM-CM-WFM-WCM-no title)  
  > c. alphabetically (unless it has been previously stated that this criterion has been replaced by another one)
  
  Next, [C.04.1 Basic rules for Swiss Systems](https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/C0401) has general rules which include this for byes:
  
  > A player who has already received a pairing-allocated bye, or has already scored a (forfeit) win due to an opponent not appearing in time, shall not receive the pairing-allocated bye.
  
  Finally, [C.04.3 FIDE (Dutch) System](https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/C0403) details the actual FIDE Swiss pairing rules. These rules basically state that the player who gets a bye is the player in the bottom score group who is left without an opponent.
  
  This makes it more difficult than the four possibilities you present.
  
  > 1. The lowest rated player who has not received a bye.
  
  No. This would basically mean the lowest rated player receiving the bye every round and effectively being excluded from the tournament.
  
  > 2. The lowest rated player in the lowest score group who has not received a bye and is not due a bye in a later round
  
  No. If the player has requested a bye in a later round that does not exclude them from receiving the bye. Also it is possible to be the lowest rated player in the lowest score group and be allocated an opponent by the pairing algorithm.
  
  Example: 3 players in the lowest score group, A, B and C in rating order. A and B are expected to have white according to the pairing rules for colour and C is expected to have black. The pairing will be A vs C and B, who is the second lowest rated player, will have the bye.
  
  > 3. The lowest rated player in the lowest score group whether he/she has received a bye or not
  
  No. No player may be allocated a pairing bye (i.e. not a requested bye) twice.
  
  > Any player you expect to lose every round
  
  Obviously not.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_2**: A nitpick at your response to option 1: "This would basically mean the lowest rated player receiving the bye every round and effectively being excluded from the tournament." - No, because it says "who has not received a bye". The answer is of course still "no" but not for that reason.  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_4 on 2022-10-13. Score: 0
  
  For swiss pairing, the lowest player in the pairing list who did not receive a bye yet.
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_5**: Do you have a source for your claim?  
  
  ---
  
  