Answers.Body: <p>I do not know much about statistics but I will try my best to explain.</p>
  
  <p>First, random effects are defined as the factors (categories) in the population that we are not aware of (not observed), so we are randomly sampling levels of those factors when we sample the population.</p>
  
  <p>Practically speaking, random effects can be found when there are hierarchical structures in the data. For example, we want to compare the relationship between students' SAT score and their college admission rates. You might just want to run a simple linear regression. But there might be some structure in the data that is hidden. For example, the students can be grouped into classes, and then schools. You can also group students by the social-economic status of their parents.</p>
  
  <p>The idea is that students belonging to different categories may have different college admission rates even if they have the same SAT score. Therefore, it is important to consider some of these "random effects" when building your model.</p>
  
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Answers.CreationDate: 2020-03-24T17:12:38.467Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2020-03-24T17:12:38.467Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Phoenix Mu
Answers.Body: <p>Linear regression hypothesis is that  effect of a
   variable is comprised as a constant component plus variability. In other  words,  the independent variable (s) is deemed to reflect a fixed (constant) part - determined as population effect size - and a variable part - random effect. Further, the term - 
  Linear Mixed(regression)model  is used to reflect use of continuous variables and nominal variables acting as independent variables that influence  the dependent  variable.  THE CONTINUOUS VARIABLE  is  comprised  of population effect size - and a variable part - random effect . The nominal or categories based variable effect  is probabilistic and we use the term probabilistic variable for such variables. Sometimes academics mistakenly call its effect on dependent  variable as random effect.
  Finally, this may be noted that  principles of ANOVA and probability  have been combined to formulate linear Mixed effects models.</p>
  
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Answers.CreationDate: 2020-04-02T07:29:32.640Z
Answers.LastActivityDate: 2020-04-02T08:55:39.513Z
Answers.LastEditDate: 2020-04-02T08:55:39.513Z
Answers.UserDisplayName: Subhash C. Davar
Body: <p>The terms in LME i.e. fixed and random create confusion? What is the genesis that can distinguish between the two ?</p>
  
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-03-24T07:21:40.730Z
Comments.Text: A dog's response to medicine may depend  on number of days it is sick and  its sex or breed.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Subhash C. Davar
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-03-24T23:49:01.690Z
Comments.Text: LME assumes two components- fixed and random. Fixed effect (mean) is constant and consistent. THE random part shows a number of variables that influence the dependent effect-size individually.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Subhash C. Davar
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-03-25T01:53:37.163Z
Comments.Text: In case, we have predictor variables of continuous as well as nominal(or level-type 2 or 3) categories data, it becomes necessary to use linear as well  as non-linear (probabilistic) models. Therefore, Mixed models convey use of two types of models - linear and non-linear. Nonlinear models work under probability and linear models perform under fixed effect plus random effects.  The goof up is Mixed model.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Subhash C. Davar
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-03-25T15:11:07.667Z
Comments.Text: https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4700/what-is-the-difference-between-fixed-effect-random-effect-and-mixed-effect-mode
Comments.UserDisplayName: StupidWolf
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-03-25T15:11:46.810Z
Comments.Text: Maybe worth reading the link and the article above.. I have no idea where this question is going without a context, and what is its relevance to bioinformatics?
Comments.UserDisplayName: StupidWolf
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-04-03T10:53:08.907Z
Comments.Text: This is a good accessible description and explanation of what random effects are https://gkhajduk.github.io/2017-03-09-mixed-models/
Comments.UserDisplayName: user438383
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-04-03T11:31:38.310Z
Comments.Text: The definitions e.g. fixed effect  and random effects are not congruent with statistics and mathematics. Any way, thanks for posting the link.
Comments.UserDisplayName: Subhash C. Davar
Comments.ContentLicense: CC BY-SA 4.0
Comments.CreationDate: 2020-04-03T12:32:21.123Z
Comments.Text: https://www.stat.ubc.ca › BookPDF
  Web results
  Mixed Effects Models for Complex Data - UBC Department of Statistics - University of British ...
Comments.UserDisplayName: Subhash C. Davar
Tags: <r><linear-regression><structural-biology>
Title: What is the difference between fixed effects and random effects in the context of Linear-mixed models?
ThreadText: # What is the difference between fixed effects and random effects in the context of Linear-mixed models?
  
  (Asked by: username_0 on 2020-03-24)
  
  The terms in LME i.e. fixed and random create confusion? What is the genesis that can distinguish between the two ?
  
  **Tags:** r, linear-regression, structural-biology
  
  > **Comments:**
  > **username_0**: A dog's response to medicine may depend  on number of days it is sick and  its sex or breed.  
  > **username_0**: LME assumes two components- fixed and random. Fixed effect (mean) is constant and consistent. THE random part shows a number of variables that influence the dependent effect-size individually.  
  > **username_0**: In case, we have predictor variables of continuous as well as nominal(or level-type 2 or 3) categories data, it becomes necessary to use linear as well  as non-linear (probabilistic) models. Therefore, Mixed models convey use of two types of models - linear and non-linear. Nonlinear models work under probability and linear models perform under fixed effect plus random effects.  The goof up is Mixed model.  
  > **username_1**: https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4700/what-is-the-difference-between-fixed-effect-random-effect-and-mixed-effect-mode  
  > **username_1**: Maybe worth reading the link and the article above.. I have no idea where this question is going without a context, and what is its relevance to bioinformatics?  
  > **username_2**: This is a good accessible description and explanation of what random effects are https://gkhajduk.github.io/2017-03-09-mixed-models/  
  > **username_0**: The definitions e.g. fixed effect  and random effects are not congruent with statistics and mathematics. Any way, thanks for posting the link.  
  > **username_0**: https://www.stat.ubc.ca › BookPDF Web results Mixed Effects Models for Complex Data - UBC Department of Statistics - University of British ...  
  
  ---
  
  ## 2 answers
  
  ### Answer by username_3 on 2020-03-24. Score: 1
  
  I do not know much about statistics but I will try my best to explain.
  
  First, random effects are defined as the factors (categories) in the population that we are not aware of (not observed), so we are randomly sampling levels of those factors when we sample the population.
  
  Practically speaking, random effects can be found when there are hierarchical structures in the data. For example, we want to compare the relationship between students' SAT score and their college admission rates. You might just want to run a simple linear regression. But there might be some structure in the data that is hidden. For example, the students can be grouped into classes, and then schools. You can also group students by the social-economic status of their parents.
  
  The idea is that students belonging to different categories may have different college admission rates even if they have the same SAT score. Therefore, it is important to consider some of these "random effects" when building your model.
  
  
  ---
  
  ### Answer by username_0 on 2020-04-02. Score: 0
  
  Linear regression hypothesis is that effect of a
  variable is comprised as a constant component plus variability. In other words, the independent variable (s) is deemed to reflect a fixed (constant) part - determined as population effect size - and a variable part - random effect. Further, the term -
  Linear Mixed(regression)model is used to reflect use of continuous variables and nominal variables acting as independent variables that influence the dependent variable. THE CONTINUOUS VARIABLE is comprised of population effect size - and a variable part - random effect . The nominal or categories based variable effect is probabilistic and we use the term probabilistic variable for such variables. Sometimes academics mistakenly call its effect on dependent variable as random effect.
  Finally, this may be noted that principles of ANOVA and probability have been combined to formulate linear Mixed effects models.
  
  
  ---
  
  