Protein-coding gene in the species Mus musculus
Peregrin also known as bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRPF1 gene located on 3p26-p25. Peregrin is a multivalent chromatin regulator that recognizes different epigenetic marks and activates three histone acetyltransferases ("Moz", "Morf" and "Hbo1"). BRPF1 contains two PHD fingers, one bromodomain and one chromo/Tudor-related Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain.
Function.
Embryo development.
"Brpf1" gene is very conserved and has a critical role in different developmental processes. Zebrafish BRPF1, which is coordinated by its particular set of PWWP domains, mediates "Moz" -dependent histone acetylation and maintains "Hox" genes expression throughout vertebrate development, hence determines the proper pharyngeal segmental identities. Furthermore, "Brpf1" may not only has significant role for maintaining the anterior-posterior axis of the craniofacial skeleton, but also the dorsal-ventral axis of the caudal skeleton. Recent studies have shown that ablation of the mouse "Brpf1" gene causes embryonic lethality at embryonic day 9.5. Specifically, "Brpf1" regulates placenta vascular formation, neural tube closure, primitive hematopoiesis and embryonic fibroblast proliferation.
For the central nervous system, "Brpf1" has high expression and is essential for the development of several important structures, including neocortex and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. "Brpf1" is dynamically expressed during forebrain development, especially the hippocampal neurogenesis. "Brpf1" shares phenotypes with transcription factors "Sox2", "Tlx" and "Tbr2" in dentate gyrus development and has potential link to neural stem cells and progenitors. Except for the forebrain, "Brpf1" is also required for the proper patterning of the craniofacial cartilage, which is derived from neural crest cells that migrate from the hindbrain.
Cancer development.
Recently, "Brpf1" was reported to play the tumor suppressor or oncogenic role in several malignant tumors, including leukemia, medulloblastoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. "Brpf1" was considered a tumor suppressor gene because mutations in cancer cells appear to diminish the function of "Brpf1" However, oncogenic role of "Brpf1" is also possible in cancer. For example, "Brpf1" can form a stable complex with "Moz-Tif2", which could lead to the development of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). There is another "Brpf1" related complex "Brpf1–Ing5–Eaf6", which also plays a direct role in cancer.
References.
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Further reading.
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