Subfamily of rodents
Euryzygomatinae is a subfamily of rodents, proposed in 2017, and containing three extant genera of spiny Echimyidae: "Clyomys", "Euryzygomatomys", and "Trinomys".
Members of this echimyid subfamily all share an origin in the eastern part of Brazil, close to the Atlantic Forest.
Morpho-anatomy.
The teeth of Euryzygomatomyines are characterized by several features:
Their zygomatic arch is reduced with a slightly concave dorsal margin, and the jugal bone is ventrally expanded with much reduced, scarcely salient inferior process.
Molecular signatures.
At the protein level, one amino acid replacement from leucine to proline yields a shared derived character state that is diagnostic for defining the Euryzygomatomyinae: the amino-acid proline at position homologous to site 294 of the human GHR.
Phylogeny.
Within Euryzygomatomyinae, "Clyomys" is the sister group to "Euryzygomatomys". In turn, these two fossorial genera are the sister group to the terrestrial "Trinomys".
In the phylogeny of the family Echimyidae, Euryzygomatomyinae is the sister group to a large assemblage comprising "Carterodon" and the family Capromyidae. These phylogenetic relationships, based on the comparison of complete mitochondrial DNA genomes and nuclear DNA exons, disagree with analyses of craniodental characters which cluster together the fossorial genera "Clyomys", "Euryzygomatomys" and "Carterodon".
References.
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