Naval engagement of the Adriatic Campaign of World War I
The Bombardment of Ancona was a naval engagement of the Adriatic Campaign of World War I between the navies of Italy and Austria-Hungary. Forces of the Imperial and Royal Navy attacked and bombarded military and civilian targets all across Ancona in central Italy and several other nearby islands and communities in response to Italy's declaration of war on Austria-Hungary.
Prelude.
When Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, the Austrian fleet was quick to react; the navy launched several attacks on the Marche region of Italy. That day, the destroyer and torpedo boat "Tb 53T" bombarded the port of Ancona. The destroyer , on a reconnaissance mission between Palagruža and Cape Gargano, shelled the semaphore and radio station at Vieste. Defending those waters at the time was the Italian destroyer . A small duel commenced with "Lika" coming out as the victor, damaging the enemy destroyer.
Raid.
The next day, 24 May, the majority of the Austrian fleet at Pola steamed for the Adriatic coast of Italy. This included the dreadnoughts , , and eight pre-dreadnoughts. Other Austro-Hungarian ships were already in enemy waters or proceeding to the Ancona coast themselves. The fleet bombarded several of the Italian coastal cities and other targets in and around the Province of Ancona, especially damaging the city of Ancona.
SMS "Tegetthoff" and the destroyer shelled the Italian airship "Città di Ferrara" off Ancona. The pre-dreadnought and two torpedo boats bombarded Potenza Picena, then returned to Pola naval base. The pre-dreadnought —along with two more torpedo boats—bombarded Senigallia, destroying a train and damaging a railway station and a bridge, before returning to Pola. The torpedo boat was unsuccessfully bombed by an Italian flying boat.
Austrian scout cruiser bombarded the Italian signal station at Cretaccio Island, while —with two torpedo boats—shelled Rimini, damaging a freight train. The destroyer attacked the signal station near Torre di Mileto. The light cruiser , a destroyer and two torpedo boats entered Corsini Channel and shelled an Italian torpedo boat station, another semaphore station, and few batteries of coastal artillery.
The scout cruiser —supported by four destroyers—ran into the Italian destroyer "Turbine", in a pitched battle south of Pelagosa. The destroyer shelled the railway embankment near Manfredonia while the destroyer shelled the Manfredonia railway station. Finally Austro-Hungarian flying boats dropped ordnance on Venice and seaplane hangars at Chiaravalle.¨
Aftermath.
Heavy damage was inflicted by the Austrian navy, and 63 people, both Italian military and civilian personnel, died in Ancona alone. The dome of Ancona Cathedral was damaged, too. Austrian casualties were light. The war in the Adriatic Sea continued, culminating in a large Allied blockade to prevent the Austro-Hungarian fleet from leaving the Adriatic. The "Otranto Barrage" would be raided by the Austro-Hungarians several times throughout the war, but major Austro-Hungarian warships rarely left the bases after this raid.
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Bibliography.
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