2014 meteorological event
The summer of 2014 in Sweden was unusually warm, especially in the northern parts of the country. July was the warmest ever month on record in the north-west.
Events.
The July heat wave started after a week, when Härsnäs in Östergötland County recorded after hot continental air came into the south of the country. The southerly coastal areas recorded particularly warm nights, with Karlskrona recording a night minimum of on 9 July. The heat remained stabled and quite normal until the second half of the month, when heat warnings were released by the Meteorological Office. The heat affected all of Sweden, but was particularly abnormally hot in the north. Tropical nights were recorded in the coastal north and by the Atlantic in the south on 22 and 23 July Umeå had its warmest temperature since 1882 with . The temperature record of nearby islet Holmön was beaten by more than three degrees and topped on an outlying island north of 63 degrees latitude. Several thunderstorms struck the country in some areas at this time, with the precipitation being unevenly distributed. fell on the same day in Motala, whilst nearby Linköping only had of rainfall in all of July – akin to mediterranean climates. The highest figure was on the same day in Emmaboda in the southern inland areas.
The temperatures started to rise to new exceptional levels the final week of July and first week of August. Small islets Storön and Rödkallen on the central Norrland coast had a night minimum at on 26 July. The intense sunshine and warm winds brought temperatures to in Hökmarksberget in Skellefteå Municipality the following day, with even a marine station (Bjuröklubb) going above for the first time ever. As seen in this official picture, temperatures were a lot warmer than usual with daily means being above in the most southerly areas, with temperatures approaching such means even far north. Even gloomy mountain areas such as Östersund and Storlien had warm months. Although the temperatures in the mountain ranges topped on average, more significant though was that both locations significantly bettered the July sunshine records.
In August the heat wave in the far north got somewhat tempered, but for the first week the heatwave got new proportions in the southern and central parts of Sweden. After a few relatively calm days around a high-pressure system originating in the Baltic states came into the eastern parts of the country on 3 August, ensuring new nationwide high temperatures for the heatwave, although not matching the historic all-time highs. Härsnäs once again tied for warmest in the country with , matching the values from Renbergsvattnet. 4 August was the hottest day of the year and for a few years before when far inland town Falun recorded , Other areas got affected by thunderstorms moderating temperatures the same day, but Örebro recorded – the highest temperature in that city for decades, as well as Uppsala setting a new August record with . The highest overnight low was reached on 3 August on the uninhabited isolated island of Gotska Sandön with a mere 0.1 °C below the nationwide all-time record for warmest low.
Following this event, the heat cooled off and August in general was quite normal in terms of temperatures, with plentiful of precipitation. The warm waters surrounding Sweden during the autumn still led to thunderstorms happening as late as early November, something that is highly unusual.
Milestones.
Several heat records were broken and the summer was unusually warm by such northerly marine standards. Apart from in neighbouring countries the heatwave was very much localised, and average temperatures were somewhat neutered by cooler spells interrupting the various intense bursts of heat, as well as the cool nights in Sweden that bring average temperatures down. In a Swedish context this was still a remarkable event, in particular the extremely warm temperatures far north. Small village Kvikkjokk north of the Arctic Circle had a July average high of and Luleå had a daily mean of in a coastal location north of the 65th parallel. Sweden's second city Gothenburg tied for the warmest July month on record with a high of , a low of and a resulting mean of . Gothenburg's mean was the warmest in the country, but the warmest high mean was in Falun. The all-time record of the mean for Linköping a 100 years earlier did however stand. A July average low of was measured at Måseskär off the west coast, where temperatures never fell below all month.
The warm and dry local weather also contributed to intense wildfires in Västmanland County in early August that took several weeks to get under proper control.
With the heat wave as a contributing factor along with the following mild autumn, 2014 was the warmest year on record in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö – the three largest cities in the country. The yearly mean of in Falsterbo was also the highest on record for the official stations mentioned every month in SMHI's data report. Lund recorded an average year high of . Among other unusual consequences of the heat wave was that Kiruna had a yearly mean of just above the freezing point, and Luleå's mean topping for the first time.
Regions.
Skåne.
Skanör med Falsterbo set a new Swedish record for warmest yearly mean with . Its marine features rendered less severe daytime heat during the heat wave, but rather very warm nights. Daily July means went above , but the temperature record and individual monthly record both stood, with Falsterbo only once recording in its recorded history (as of 2016). In spite of the hypermarine features of the climate Falsterbo recorded 20 days above during the summer. In the wake of the heat wave Falsterbo had an October average low of the very mild .
Lund in Skåne had its warmest year on record, but its extremely warm July still did not match its 2006 record for the warmest month. Lund recorded 33 days with temperatures above . Its July mean of was also the warmest in the country, due to the very warm nights by Swedish standards, averaging around . Unlike areas further north, Lund did not experience a summer drought.
Eastern Götaland.
Norrköping and the surrounding coastline through Västervik to the south Nyköping to the east had a very warm summer in spite of the near-coastal location. Norrköping had a yearly mean of , a new all-time record. Although the year was record warm, July did not beat the 1994 records, but it was still far warmer than a normal year. In total, 32 days of the year reached in Norrköping.
Svealand.
Falun in Dalarna saw the warmest temperature of the year in the country with in early August. Its July was also the hottest in Sweden during daytime. July was so dry that it could easily be compared to mediterranean climates. August compensated for that with heavy rainfall.
Örebro, (namesake county) had a very warm year with uneven precipitation patterns, with a summer drought and heavy rainfall in many other parts of the year.
Northern Norrland.
Luleå (Norrbotten), recorded the warmest month in Northern Norrland since 1925 with a July mean of . Considering the airport being in a rural setting, the urban area may well have surpassed Haparanda's 1925 reading. In spite of the high means a mere 14 days above was recorded in Luleå. The warm temperatures both in July means and yearly means were due to the mild summer nights by the coastline.
Lycksele saw a record warm summer with an extremely hot July considering its northerly latitude with summer highs approaching . As many as 31 days reached or went above .
References.
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