Ratanakosin-class Thai navy corvette
HTMS "Sukhothai" (FS-442) (, ) was a corvette of the operated by the Royal Thai Navy that was launched in 1986. 
On 18 December 2022 in the Gulf of Thailand, high winds and strong waves caused seawater to flow into the warship; this flooding caused the engines to fail, and the pumps also became unusable. "Sukhothai" continued to take on water until eventually sinking overnight. As of 2  2023[ [update]], the Royal Thai Navy had rescued 76 sailors and found 24 dead. An additional five sailors are presumed dead but their bodies were not found.
Characteristics.
"Sukhothai" was a corvette. The intended role of the "Ratanakosin"-class vessels was to provide surface-to-surface and surface-to-air missile capability on a highly maneuverable platform.
The "Ratanakosin"-class corvettes, of which there were two, were long and wide, and had a displacement of 960 tons at full load. The class shares characteristics with the Royal Saudi Navy . The ship was powered by two diesel engines running two propeller shafts, providing a maximum speed of and a range of at . The crew complement was 87, of which 15 were officers, plus an expected contingent of flag officer's staff.
"Sukhothai" was armed with two quadruple McDonnell Douglas Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers. She also had an octuple Selenia's Aspide surface-to-air missile launcher. The ship's gunnery was provided by one OTO Melara 76 mm gun supported by a twin Breda 40 mm cannon and a Rheinmetall 20 mm autocannon. Her torpedo armament was two triple-Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes armed with Sting Ray torpedoes.
Service history.
Ordered for the Royal Thai Navy on 9 May 1983, the ship was laid down by Tacoma Boatbuilding Company in Tacoma, Washington, United States, on 26 March 1984. "Sukhothai" was launched on 20 July 1986. The ship was the last major vessel to be completed at Tacoma Boatbuilding's Yard 1 on the Hylebos Waterway. "Sukhothai" was commissioned into the Royal Thai Navy on 10 June 1987. She was originally given hull number 2, but this was later changed to 442.
In 1994 "Sukhothai" was part of the Royal Thai Navy contingent in the annual Thai-Australian military exercise AUSTHAI 94. "Sukhothai" launched several Aspide surface-to-air missiles against drone targets during the Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training Cruise 1995 (CARAT 95), a maritime exercise cooperation with vessels from the United States, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brunei. This was the first time that the Royal Thai Navy had fired the missiles since purchasing them in 1985.
2022 sinking.
In December 2022, "Sukhothai" was on its way to attend a commemorative event of Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse east of Bang Saphan in the province of Prachuap Khiri Khan. A weather advisory for the area had been issued by the Thailand Meteorological Department, warning of waves and advising ships to "proceed with caution". She was caught in a storm on 18 December. Seawater was reported to have entered an exhaust port, which led to flooding and a heavy list, followed by a short circuit in the ship's electrical system and failure of the pumps. This flooding caused the engines to fail, and the pumps became unusable. The ship sank on 18 December at around 23:30 local time () at coordinates .
Other naval ships and helicopters were sent to assist, but only reached the vessel before she sank. As of 2  2023[ [update]], the Royal Thai Navy had rescued 76 sailors and found 24 dead, with an additional five missing but presumed dead.
Commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Navy admiral Choengchai Chomchoengpaet said that there were not enough life jackets on board the ship for the regular crew plus thirty extra people who were to take part in a ceremony, but that the chances of survival were the same with or without life jackets.
As of 13 January 2023, the Royal Thai Navy said it planned to raise and salvage the sunken ship due to environmental and safety concerns, and also expressed an aspirational concept to potentially refit the warship. The navy said it would use a budget of and allow companies to bid on the retrieval. The navy specified that the warship should be recovered whole and mostly intact. While bidders were confident at the time in the viability of the project, it was later abandoned due to cost concerns and poor chances of success. 
In February 2023, the Thai Ministry of Defense announced that the five missing sailors were presumed killed in the line of duty.
2024 light salvage operation.
On 22 February 2024 a light salvage operation was launched from Royal Thai Navy in cooperation with US Navy under Cobra Gold military exercises 2024. The purpose of the operation was to search for the five missing crew members and remove hazardous materials from the wreck of "Sukhothai". The operation ended on 12 March and a memorial monument is planned.
Investigation results.
In April 2024, the Royal Thai Navy released the findings of divers, which led to the conclusion that the ship had been lost due to flooding primarily from three holes, one in the side from the hull which was presumed to be from floating debris, one on the forecastle deck where the waves ripped up the forward breakwater, and a hole in the fiberglass Otomalera 76mm turret. These holes let water into the gun bay of the forward turret before flowing into the electrical room behind it. The above waterline flooding led to a loss of stability which created a list that would develop in the coming hours before letting in water through deck penetrations such as air vents, resulting in the loss of the ship. Valliant damage control efforts were made by the crew but it was not enough to save the ship. Submersible pumps did not work while submerge, or electrocuted the crew while working, a point which the media inexplicably failed to question, and the navy failed to address.
The only person to face any consequences for the sinking was the ship's captain who faced minor disciplinary measures.
Admiral Adung Phan-iam, the previous navy chief promised to publish the final report on Sukhotai's sinking. The report has been completed but has not been published. The current navy chief has not said anything on this matter.
Memorial monument of HTMS Sukhothai.
Admiral Adung Phan-iam, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Navy, unveiled a memorial monument dedicated to the sunken warship HTMS Sukhothai on September 24, 2024. The ceremony was held to honor the 29 crew members who perished or went missing during the ship's sinking in December 2022.The even was quietly done with minimal media presence.
References.
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