Naval operation of World War II
Operation Crimson was an Allied naval operation in the Second World War of the Eastern Fleet, the objective being simultaneous naval bombardment and aircraft attacks on Japanese airfields in the Indonesian cities of Sabang, Lhoknga and Kutaraja, from aircraft carriers in the Indian Ocean on 25 July 1944.
Prelude.
Plan.
Unlike some earlier operations which had used small forces for harassment and diversion of the Japanese, Operation Crimson was "a full-blooded operation" designed to "make a mess of the air base and harbour installations and wreck any vessels found sheltering there".
Task Force 62.
Sailing from Trincomalee, under the command of Admiral James Somerville were the aircraft carriers with 47 Naval Fighter Wing (Lieutenant-Commander F. R. A. Turnbull) 1834 Naval Air Squadron, 1836 Naval Air Squadron and 1838 Naval Air Squadron with thirty-nine Vought F4U Corsairs and . The battleships , , and , the cruisers , , , , , the Dutch and the destroyers , , , , , , , , and , with the submarines and .
Operation.
Air Attack.
The aircraft carriers launched Corsair fighters. In spite of a five minute delay, it was too dark for the planes to accurately strafe the air fields, so instead they attacked large buildings in the vicinity. Japanese anti-air defences shot down a Corsair, whose pilot was rescued.
Naval bombardment.
The battleships, aided by aircraft from "Illustrious", bombarded Sabang harbour installations and the local barracks from afar. The cruisers and destroyers spotted their own targets; the former attacking a wireless station and responding shore batteries, while the latter focused on a radar station. Following the main bombardment, "Tromp", "Quality", "Quickmatch", and "Quilliam" under Captain Richard Onslow entered Sabang harbour, shelling Japanese positions and launching torpedoes. Return fire from coastal artillery lightly damaged the ships, except for "Quickmatch", causing some casualties and killing a war correspondent.
Japanese attack.
As the task force withdrew, two Japanese reconnaissance aircraft tried to shadow it but both were intercepted and shot down. Later in the afternoon, 9 to 10 Japanese A6M "Zero" fighters approached the force. They were engaged by 13 Corsairs, which destroyed two Zeros and damaged two more.
Aftermath.
The Allies lost two Corsairs during the operation. In a report of the raid,
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British pilots found that the Japanese airmen were not as skilled as they had been in 1942. Operation Crimson was the final event of Admiral Somerville's military command before concerns about his health forced his transfer to diplomatic duty. The British task force did not launch another strike until Operation Banquet in August.
References.
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Bibliography.
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