Military unit
The qurchis or qorchis[a] () were the royal bodyguard of the Safavid shah. The head of the "qurchis" was known as the "qurchi-bashi".
History.
The "qurchis" were theoretically enlisted from the Qizilbash tribes and were paid by money taken from the royal treasury. The "qurchis" lived off the land handouts and fees that were given to them by the shah. During the early Safavid period, the "qurchis" were all from the same tribe, but that later changed. They numbered 3,000 under the Ismail I at the Battle of Chaldiran, but were reduced to 1,700 after the battle, and then later to 1,000, after Ismail had "done away with 700 of them." They numbered 5,000 under Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576).
Under Abbas I, the "qurchis" had become much more important and numbered 10,000-15,000. Abbas I gave several of "qurchis" governorship of large provinces, which decreased the power of the Qizilbash commanders, who were used to govern large provinces. During the late period of Abbas' reign, the "qurchi-bashi" was the most powerful office of the empire.
There were also "qurchis" who were assigned to some of the provinces and cities, headed by officers who were also referred to as "qurchi-bashi", but who were subordinate to the supreme qurchi-bashi. These "qurchis" were identified by the city or province they served in; for example, a "qurchi" stationed in Derbent, was referred to as a "Qurchi-e Darband".
Local rulers also had "qurchis" at their disposal, though they were limited in number. The "vali" (governor, viceroy) of Georgia had a "qurchi" corps to serve him, including a "qurchi-bashi", and a legion of specialized qurchis for his "accoutrements" (i.e. "qurchi-e zereh", "qurchi-e kafsh", "qurchi-e tarkesh", etc.).
Notes.
^ a: The word is derived from Mongolian, which means "archer"
^ b: Due to internal issues among the Qizilbash
References.
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