In molecular biology mir-278 microRNA is a short RNA molecule belonging to a class of molecules referred to as microRNAs. These function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms, primarily binding to their target at its 3'UTR.
Mis- and altered expression in "Drosophila".
miR-278 affects energy metabolism in the "Drosophila melanogaster" species. Elevated insulin production has been observed in miR-278 mutants, due to insulin resistance in the absence of this microRNA. miR-278 is now known to act through regulation of the "expanded" gene transcript, and most likely through further miR-278 targets as well.
Misexpression in the developing eye has been found to result in overgrowth, partially through apoptotic inhibition. There is a single base substitution which blocks the gain-of-function phenotype, indicating the acquisition of novel functions by misexpressed miRNAs which bring about unscheduled cell proliferation "in vivo". This is reflective of a microRNA potential in the promotion of tumour formation.
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