Four part X-Men publishing initiative from 2019 to 2024
The Krakoan Age was a series of "X-Men" storylines published by Marvel Comics from 2019 to 2024. The Krakoan Age began with the Jonathan Hickman limited series "House of X" and "Powers of X" (July – October 2019) and it consists of four major publishing initiatives: Dawn of X (October 2019 – November 2020), Reign of X (December 2020 – March 2022), Destiny of X (March 2022 – July 2023) and Fall of X (August 2023 – June 2024). These phases were interspersed with crossover and event storylines. The Krakoan Age spans "more than 500 issues of "X-Men" comic books" published "across more than 80 different series". The subsequent publishing initiative, , relaunched the X-Men line in a post-Krakoan Age.
The Krakoan Age was defined by the creation of a sovereign mutant nation on the living island of Krakoa and the effective immortality of mutantkind via the newly established resurrection protocols. It featured storylines across multiple timelines. Throughout the phases, mutants faced opposition from the human supremacist organization Orchis who would orchestrate the downfall of Krakoa. The Dominion, god-like entities who exist outside of normal space and time, also threatened the existence of mutants.
Critical reception has been generally positive, with critics praising it as a departure from the usual status quo of many mutant stories. It also received praise for its world-building, story arcs, and its willingness to shed light on lesser-known characters. However, reception became more mixed as the era progressed, with some aspects of later storylines falling short of expectations. 
Publication history.
After Jonathan Hickman completed his run on "Avengers" and "New Avengers" with the 2015 crossover "Secret Wars", he stepped away from Marvel Comics for a time to focus on creator-owned projects. His return was announced in March 2019. It was then revealed that he would write two interlocking miniseries called "House of X" and "Powers of X" ("HOX/POX"), with penciling by Pepe Larraz and R. B. Silva respectively. This miniseries also marked a company-wide relaunch of the X-Men. To this end, all ongoing X-Men comics – "Uncanny X-Men", "Mr. and Mrs. X", "X-Force", "X-23", and the "Age of X-Man" miniseries – were cancelled. It was subsequently announced in July 2019 at San Diego Comic-Con that there would be six new X-titles as part of Marvel's Dawn of X campaign; Hickman wrote the flagship title, "X-Men" (vol 5), during this storyline. "Entertainment Weekly" highlighted that the Krakoan Age marked a shift in the X-Men mission statement – "the X-Men stopped being superheroes, and became nation-builders". On creating a new society, Hickman stated:I think one of the interesting things about taking all the mutants and making a culture out of it is that a lot of the pre-culture roles that were defined by external forces have to be revisited when the whole thing gets rejected, or replaced, by new ones. Some people who the world called monsters would reveal themselves not to be, and some who were angels would turn out to eventually do the devil's bidding.In February 2022, Micheal Foulk of "The Beat" commented that while Hickman was called "Head of X" that he insisted the "new era of X-Men was not his vision alone. The X-Office introduced a human 'power circuit' where writers, editors, and artists worked collectively on every aspect of the new launch, including the direction and execution of the full X-line. The 'X-slack' where writers and artists discussed story arcs and traded characters for books became a common topic in interviews". Following the "X of Swords" (September – November 2020) crossover event which concluded Dawn of X campaign, the Reign of X publishing initiative was launched in December 2020. Hickman characterized Dawn of X's theme as "foundation" with Reign of X characterized as "expansion". X-Men Group Editor Jordan D. White stated that "'Dawn of X' was the start of something big for the mutants, they stopped playing the game the way the humans said they had to play. [...] During 'Dawn' there was still a bit of the shock of 'Is this really happening?' and now in 'Reign' the reality of it has set in and the scope of it can be realized. They have big plans and the resources to carry them out". The Reign of X phase saw the line come together for the "Hellfire Gala" (June 2021) event, as well as Jonathan Hickman's departure from the line with the miniseries "Inferno" (September 2021 – January 2022). Following Hickman's departure, "X-Men" continued as the flagship title but was relaunched as new volume written by Gerry Duggan with art by Larraz.
Reign of X concluded with the twin event series "X Lives of Wolverine" and "X Deaths of Wolverine" (January – March 2022), written by Benjamin Percy with "X Lives" artwork by Joshua Cassara and Federico Vicentini; the majority of the line (aside from "X-Men, New Mutants," and "Sabretooth)" was put on pause during this event. This event served as the foundation of the next phase titled "Destiny of X". This phase included the crossover event "" (July – November 2022) which focused on humanity's discovery of the mutant resurrection protocols and the subsequent conflict between the Avengers, the X-Men and the Eternals. This event was written by Kieron Gillen with art by Valerio Schiti. "X-Men Red" by writer Al Ewing, with art by Stefano Caselli, focused on the terraformed Mars now known as Arrako which became the home of millions of mutants freed during the "X of Swords" crossover. Additionally, Gilleon began writing the "Immortal X-Men" series with artist Lucas Werneck which focused on the Quiet Council of Krakoa; this series built plot points for the "Sins of Sinister" (January – April 2023) event which concluded the phase.
Mutantkind's unparalleled growth and prosperity on the island nation Krakoa was then threatened by the human supremacist organization Orchis during the Fall of X phase. At New York Comic-Con 2022, Duggan commented that "the X-Men have been winning for a long time. How long did you think the villains were going to leave them alone". The final phase was kicked off in the third annual Hellfire Gala (July 2023) which drastically altered the status quo of series; this event was written by Duggan, with art by Adam Kubert, Luciano Vecchio, Matteo Lolli, Russell Dauterman, Javier Pina, R.B. Silva, Joshua Cassara, Kris Anka, and Pepe Larraz. This phase then culminated in the dual interconnected miniseries "Fall of the House of X" and "Rise of the Powers of X" (January 2024 – May 2024); Duggan wrote "Fall of the House of X" with art by Werneck. Gillen continued as a main writer on multiple series in this phase such as "Rise of the Powers of X" with artist R.B. Silva, the ongoing "Immortal X-Men" conclusion and the limited series "X-Men: Forever" (March 2024) with artist Luca Maresca. Ewing concluded the ongoing "X-Men Red" with artist Yildiray Çinar. The Marvel solicitations for May 2024 showed that every X-Men series would conclude with that month billed as "the 'penultimate' month of the Krakoan Age".
"Popverse" highlighted that the Krakoan Age, from the conclusion of "HOX/POX" to the last issue "X-Men" #35 (June 2024), consists of "more than 500 issues" which were released over 56 months "across more than 80 different series. As with Hickman's core ideas for the Krakoa-era relaunch, much of this material remixed existing ideas, tropes, and titles, reusing titles like 'X-Men: Red,' 'Inferno,' and 'Exiles' to new ends, all while advancing the set-up Hickman had created; even when Hickman himself moved on from the franchise midway through the Krakoa era, the line continued as if nothing had changed, thanks to the creative hive mind of writers including Gerry Duggan, Kieron Gillan, Al Ewing, Tini Howard, Si Spurrier, and editor Jordan White". On the change in editorial direction with the next publishing phase, , White compared it to Marvel's hard pivot after Grant Morrison's "New X-Men" run and that ideas from that era "came back around" when "people who loved it started writing comics. And that is where my hope for the future of Krakoa lies – that the people who love it are going to share that love in the future".
Key fictional elements.
Data pages.
The data pages in each issue contain in-universe "insider information" on "different organizations, teams and characters". They also "include small hints and teases in code-like formatting on the tops and bottoms of the pages". Data pages are a trademark design choice of Hickman which he brought to the series in "House of X and Powers of X"; these pages would then appear throughout the Krakoan Age. Tom Mullers worked with Hickman on "creating the design approach, page layouts and defining the typefaces" used in the Krakoan Age. The pages are mostly black and white to keep a clear "contrast against the art pages", however, each data page also includes a single accent color "to focus readers' attention on content that needs highlighting". In October 2020, Mullers commented that "Jonathan is very well known for his design and use of data in his storytelling as well – so the lines blur when it comes to say where my work stopped and his began. Safe to say that all the amazing diagrams and stats you see in the Data pages are of Jonathan’s hand". In a January 2021 interview, Hickman stated that he thought data pages "should reflect the particular book and the particular creator". He highlighted that "everyone's data pages are all put together by the bullpen who are working from templates we’ve created. If someone has a special design, like a map or something like that, then the bullpen will give it a shot. Occasionally, I do some of that".
For decades, no firm definition for Omega-level mutant was offered in the Marvel Comics and that term was used whenever a writer wanted audience to know that the character was a big deal, which led several conflicting opinions and debates among fans on who qualified as omega-level. In July 2019, Jonathan Hickman provided an official definition with the help of data page in "House of X" #1 and listed 14 Omega-level mutants (depicting as the assets of Krakoan Age) alongside their respective omega power.
Dana Forsythe of "SyFy Wire" called the inclusion of the data pages "a very Hickman move" and that while "it's been done before (including by Hickman himself in his acclaimed "Avengers" run)", the "use of non-traditional comics storytelling techniques feel especially intriguing for a Big Two comic". Zachary Jenkins, for "ComicsXF", viewed the data pages as a "staple of the Krakoan era" serving as "scene breaks" that "often [recontextual] what readers just saw, or [provide] exposition for what readers are about to see". Alex Schlesinger of "Screen Rant" highlighted that data pages are used "to convey complex information that couldn't reasonably be put into conversation bubbles on page. These data pages have ranged from Sage's internal analysis of the Krakoan islands operations, to information about the secrets of Moira X's expansive 10 lives, as well as deep dives into the inner workings of one of the X-Men's main enemies, the mutant-hating Orchis". A data page on the Summer House in Hickman's "X-Men" #1 (vol. 5) drew widespread attention as Jean Grey's bedroom was directly between the bedrooms of Cyclops and Wolverine with internal connecting doors unlike all the other bedrooms in the house. Critics highlighted further subtext that appeared in the Krakoan Age which implied a throuple between these characters. Tom Brevoort, the X-Men group editor in the subsequent "" publishing era, stated in 2024 that the throuple didn't occur because it was not explicitly stated during the Krakoan Age.
Krakoa.
Krakoa is a fictional living island with its main body in the Pacific Ocean not far from Australia; other parts of its landmass are located off the coast of Africa in the mid-Atlantic Ocean. The "House of X and Powers of X" storyline transformed Krakoa into a sovereign nation state for the entire mutant race. Krakoa created additional "Habitat" structures which are self-sustaining environments that are part of its interconnected consciousness. Some of this structures served as embassies around several countries on Earth; Krakoa also expanded to the Blue Area of the Moon, the Green Area on Mars and beyond the solar system, all the while remaining connected to its hive mind via Gateways, which