Coastal Cenozoic geological deposits in South Africa
The Algoa Group is one of five geological groups which comprise the coastal Cenozoic geological deposits in South Africa. The Algoa Group contains six formations which range from Middle Eocene to Late Holocene in age (~41Ma - 100Ka).
Geographic extent.
The geological successions of the Algoa Group outcrop from Plettenberg Bay in the Western Cape to East London in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. There are also putative outcrops of Algoa Group rocks further NE in the Port St Johns area. The Algoa Group rocks overlie unconformably and parauncomformably in some areas over much older rocks of the Table Mountain Group in the west and over the Uitenhage Group in the east.
Stratigraphic units.
Stratigraphic units in this group include (from oldest to youngest):
Paleontology and archaeology.
Fossils are more frequently found in the older formations, although the Alexandria and Salnova formations are the most fossil rich. The most common fossils are of invertebrates, namely of marine gastropods and bivalves, and trace fossils left such as of burrows left by invertebrates. Vertebrate trackways of birds and modern humans are known from the Nahoon Formation.
The Nahoon and Schelm Hoek Formations are known for their archeological artefacts, including modern human trackways in the case of the Nahoon Formation. Both these formations have yielded stone tools. Shell middens and evidence of for small, coastal human settlements are known from the Schelm Hoek Formation.
References.
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