American late-night talk show (1982–1993)
Late Night with David Letterman is an American television talk show broadcast by NBC. The show is the first installment of the "Late Night". Hosted by David Letterman, it aired from February1, 1982 to June 25, 1993, and was replaced by "Late Night with Conan O'Brien".
In 2013, this series and "Late Show with David Letterman" were ranked No. 41 on TV Guide's 60 Best Series of All Time. During its run, the show was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Series 11 times. It was also nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series 14 times, winning 4, and won one Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series out of 7 nominations.
History.
In the wake of his NBC morning show being cancelled in October 1980 after 18 weeks on the air, David Letterman was still held in high enough regard by the network brass, especially NBC president Fred Silverman, that upon hearing the 33-year-old comedian was being courted by a first-run syndication company, NBC gave him a US$20,000 per week ($1,000,000 for a year) deal to sit out a year and guest-host "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" on multiple occasions. Earlier that year in May, after significant acrimony, NBC and Carson had reached an agreement on a new contract, which—among other concessions to Carson—granted the powerful and influential host the control over the time slot immediately following "The Tonight Show".
From late fall 1980 until the end of 1981, in addition to guest-hosting 22 episodes of the "Tonight Show", as outlined in his one-year holding deal with NBC, Letterman also appeared five times as Carson's guest on the highly rated program as the network groomed the 34-year-old for a new project.
Finally, on November9, 1981, NBC and Carson's production company Carson Productions (as well as Letterman's own newly established production company Space Age Meats Productions, forerunner to today's Worldwide Pants Incorporated) announced the creation of "Late Night with David Letterman", set to premiere in early 1982 in the 12:30 a.m. time slot Monday through Thursday, with occasional specials every few Fridays, all aimed at young men. The network wanted to capitalize on catering to young males, feeling that there was very little late-night programming for that demographic. The newly announced show thus displaced the "Tomorrow Coast to Coast" program hosted by Tom Snyder from the 12:30 slot. NBC initially offered Snyder to move his show back an hour, but Snyder, already unhappy with being forced to adopt changes to "Tomorrow" that he detested, refused and ended the show instead. The final first-run "Tomorrow" episode aired on December17, 1981.
Debut.
The staff responsible for preparing the launch of "Late Night" included Merrill Markoe in the head writing role, seasoned TV veteran Hal Gurnee as director, Letterman's manager Jack Rollins as executive producer, and a group of young writers—most of them in their early twenties, along with the somewhat more experienced 29-year-old Jim Downey, who had previously written for "Saturday Night Live", and 27-year-old Steve O'Donnell. Markoe stepped down as head writer after a few months, and was succeeded by Downey who was in turn succeeded by O'Donnell in 1983. O'Donnell would serve as the head writer through most of the rest of the show's run while Downey went back to "Saturday Night Live" in 1984. Also on board, initially as a production assistant in charge of the "Stupid Pet Tricks" segment, was 21-year-old Chris Elliott. Elliott would quickly be promoted to writer and a recurring featured player.
The plan from the start was to resurrect the spirit of Letterman's morning show for a late-night audience, one more likely to plug into his offbeat humor. The show also got a house band, hiring NBC staff musician Paul Shaffer to lead the group. They were informally dubbed "The World's Most Dangerous Band" in early episodes, but this was then dropped for several years; through much of the show's run, the band existed without a formal name. The moniker "The World's Most Dangerous Band" was reinstated in 1988, and continued through the rest of the show.
Realizing that NBC executives exhibited very little desire to micromanage various aspects of the show, the staff felt confident they would be allowed to push outside of the mainstream talk-show boundaries and thus set about putting together a quirky, absurdist, and odd program. Snyder's "Tomorrow" re-runs continued until Thursday, January28, 1982, and four days later on Monday, February1, 1982, "Late Night" premiered with a cold opening featuring Larry "Bud" Melman delivering lines as an homage to the prologue of Boris Karloff's "Frankenstein", followed by Letterman coming out on stage to Tchaikovsky's "Piano Concerto No. 1" behind a group of female dancers—the peacock girls who had also opened the finale of "The David Letterman Show". After a brief monologue, the very first comedy segment was a sarcastic tour of the studio. The first guest, 31-year-old comedian and actor Bill Murray, came out in confrontational fashion, throwing jibes and accusations at the host as part of a knowing put-on. He remained for two more similarly sardonic segments in which he first presented footage of a Chinese zoo baby panda as a supposed home video of his recently adopted pet, before expressing newfound love for aerobics and pulling a crew member onstage, making her do jumping jacks along with him to Olivia Newton-John's "Physical". The second comedy piece was a remote titled "The Shame of the City"; taking a general format of a local news action segment, it featured Letterman touring several New York locations pointing out various civic problems with righteous indignation. The second guest was Don Herbert, TV's "Mr. Wizard", and the show ended with a young comic named Steve Fessler reciting aloud the script of the obscure Bela Lugosi film "Bowery at Midnight".
The reviews were mixed—"Los Angeles Times" wrote: "Much of Letterman's first week did not jell"—but more importantly, the show drew 1.5 million viewers, 30% more than had tuned in for Snyder's "Tomorrow".
On the third night, after baseball great Hank Aaron finished his interview segment with Letterman, a camera followed him backstage, where TV sportscaster Al Albert conducted a post-interview chat with Aaron about how it had gone. Eccentric and awkward, the show immediately established a sensibility that was clearly different from "The Tonight Show".
The show was produced by Johnny Carson's production company, as a result of a clause in Carson's contract with NBC that gave him control of what immediately followed "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". Carson, for his part, wanted "Late Night" to have as little overlap with his show as possible. In fact, most ground rules and restrictions on what Letterman could do came not from the network but from the production company itself. Letterman could not have a sidekick like Ed McMahon, and Paul Shaffer's band could not include a horn section like Doc Severinsen's. Letterman was told he could not book old-school showbiz guests such as James Stewart, George Burns, or Buddy Hackett, who were fixtures on Johnny's show (the fact that "Tonight" had long moved to Hollywood and "Late Night" was taped in New York helped minimize guest overlap). Letterman was also specifically instructed not to replicate any of the signature pieces of "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" like "Stump the Band" or "Carnac the Magnificent". Carson also wanted Letterman to minimize the number of topical jokes in his opening monologue.
Production and scheduling.
"Late Night" originated from NBC Studio 6A at the RCA (later GE) Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. The program ran four nights a week, Monday to Thursday, from the show's premiere on February1, 1982, until June4, 1987. Friday shows were added on June12, 1987, although the show still only produced four new episodes a week. Monday's shows were re-runs. NBC previously aired "Friday Night Videos" in the 12:30 a.m. slot on Saturday morning, with occasional "Late Night" specials and reruns. "Friday Night Videos" was reduced to an hour's length and moved up an hour to 1:30 a.m. on Saturday morning.
Starting on September2, 1991, "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" was pushed back from 11:30 p.m. to 11:35 p.m., with Letterman starting at 12:35 a.m., at the request of NBC affiliates who wanted more advertising time for their profitable late newscasts.
Like "The Tonight Show" in the 1980s and early 1990s, "Late Night" aired annual anniversary specials. They aired on or about February1, first in its own timeslot (albeit on a Friday, preempting "SCTV"). From 1984 to 1987, episodes of "Saturday Night Live" were preempted for the special. Finally, from 1988 to 1990 and in 1992, the special aired in prime time, after "Cheers". There were no anniversary specials in 1991 and 1993. (Letterman would leave NBC later in 1993.) "David Letterman's Holiday Film Festival" also aired in "Saturday Night Live"'s timeslot over Thanksgiving weekend in 1985, before a second and final installment aired in prime time the Friday after Thanksgiving in 1986. The festivals were a collection of shorts starring, directed and/or written by celebrities.
Syndication.
On September30, 1991, A&amp;E, a U.S. cable channel partly owned by General Electric—then the parent company of NBC—began broadcasting repeats of "Late Night" in an effort of monetizing the show's vast accumulation of old episodes. The repeats aired for less than a year, until July24, 1992. The syndication deal had been brokered without Letterman's knowledge, and he frequently made his displeasure of the arrangement known on-air, feeling that having reruns broadcast five nights a week, earlier in the evening on cable, diluted the value of the nightly first-run shows on NBC—fearing people would not be willing to stay up late for the first-run if they could watch repeats of the program at an earlier time. Because of Letterman's opposition, the syndication run was ended early and not attempted again until after he had left NBC.
In November 1993, E! Entertainment Television purchased syndication rights to "Late Night with David Letterman". The network broadcast repeats of complete shows from various years five days per week from 1993 until 1996. Then, Trio: Popular Arts Television (owned by NBC/Vivendi Universal Entertainment) picked up reruns and showed them from 2002 until the channel went off the air in 2005.
A number of programs were sold by GoodTimes Entertainment in 1992–93. These episodes were stripped of the series theme, open and close. No DVD release is currently scheduled (GoodTimes went bankrupt in 2005; the company's assets are now owned by Gaiam, which does not typically distribute general-interest programming). In February 2022, through a licensing agreement between NBC and Worldwide Pants and coinciding with the 40th anniversary of "Late Night"'s premiere, Letterman opened his official YouTube channel, which contains clips of Letterman's "Late Night" and his previous morning and subsequent "Late Show" programs.
Letterman moves to CBS.
Letterman, who had hoped to get the hosting job of "The Tonight Show" following Johnny Carson's retirement, moved to CBS in 1993 when the job was given to Jay Leno. This was done against the wishes of Carson, who had always seen Letterman as his rightful successor, according to CBS senior vice president Peter Lassally, a one-time producer for both men. Letterman announced the move on January14, 1993. On April25, 1993, Lorne Michaels chose Conan O'Brien, who was a writer for "The Simpsons" at the time and a former writer for Michaels at "Saturday Night Live", to fill Letterman's old seat directly after "The Tonight Show". O'Brien began hosting a new show in Letterman's old timeslot, taking over the "Late Night" name on September13, 1993.
When Letterman left, NBC asserted their intellectual property rights to several of the most popular "Late Night" segments. Letterman easily adapted to these restrictions for his CBS show: The "Viewer Mail" segment was continued under the name "CBS Mailbag," and "Late Night" fixture Larry "Bud" Melman continued his antics under his real name, Calvert DeForest. Similarly, the in-house band (now free to add horns) was unable to use the name "The World's Most Dangerous Band," so the name was changed to "Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra". The name "CBS Orchestra", approved by CBS (who retained rights to the name after Letterman retired in 2015), was Shaffer's idea. Notably, however, "Stupid Pet Tricks" originated on Letterman's 1980 early morning show "The David Letterman Show", to which Letterman, not NBC, owned the rights. This meant "Stupid Pet Tricks" was able to cross over to the