Canadian filmmaker (1926–2024)
Norman Frederick Jewison (July 21, 1926 – January 20, 2024) was a Canadian filmmaker. He was known for directing films which addressed topical social and political issues, often making controversial or complicated subjects accessible to mainstream audiences. Among numerous other accolades, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director three times in three separate decades, for "In the Heat of the Night" (1967), "Fiddler on the Roof" (1971), and "Moonstruck" (1987). He was nominated for an additional four Oscars, three Golden Globe Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award, and won a BAFTA Award. He received the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences's Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award in 1999.
Born and raised in Toronto, Jewison began his career at CBC Television in the 1950s, moving to the United States later in the decade to work at NBC. He made his feature film debut in 1962, with the comedy "40 Pounds of Trouble," and embarked on a motion picture directing career that spanned over 40 years. His notable films included "The Cincinnati Kid" (1965), "The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming" (1966), "The Thomas Crown Affair" (1968), "Jesus Christ Superstar" (1973), "Rollerball" (1975), "F.I.S.T." (1978), "...And Justice for All" (1979), "A Soldier's Story" (1984), "Agnes of God" (1985), and "The Hurricane" (1999).
In 1988, Jewison founded the Canadian Film Centre. In 2003, he received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement for his multiple contributions to the film industry in Canada. He was Chancellor of Victoria University in the University of Toronto, his alma mater, from 2004 until 2010.
Early life and education.
Jewison was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Dorothy Irene (née Weaver) and Percy Joseph Jewison (1890–1974), who managed a convenience store and post office. He attended Kew Beach School and Malvern Collegiate Institute, and while growing up in the 1930s displayed an aptitude for performing and theatre. He was often mistaken for being Jewish due to his surname and direction of "Fiddler on the Roof", but Jewison and his family are Protestants (Methodists) of English descent. He served in the Royal Canadian Navy (1944–1945) during World War II, and after being discharged travelled in the American South, where he encountered segregation, an experience that influenced his later work.
Jewison attended Victoria College in the University of Toronto, graduating with a B.A. in 1949. As a student, he was involved in writing, directing, and acting in various theatrical productions, including the All-Varsity Revue in 1949. Following graduation, he moved to London, where he worked sporadically as a script writer for a children's television program and bit part actor for the BBC, while supporting himself with odd jobs. Out of work in Britain in late 1951, he returned to Canada to become a production trainee at CBLT in Toronto, which was preparing for the launch of CBC Television.
Career.
1952–1964: Early work.
When CBC Television went on the air in the fall of 1952, Jewison was an assistant director. During the next seven years he wrote, directed, and produced a wide variety of musicals, comedy-variety shows, dramas, and specials, including "The Big Revue", "Showtime", and "The Barris Beat". In 1953 he married Margaret Ann "Dixie" Dixon, a former model. They had three children – Michael, Kevin, and Jennifer – who all pursued careers in the entertainment industry. In 1958 Jewison was recruited to work for NBC in New York, where his first assignment was "Your Hit Parade", followed by "The Andy Williams Show". The success of these shows led to directing specials featuring performers such as Harry Belafonte, Jackie Gleason, and Danny Kaye. The television production that proved pivotal to Jewison's career was the Judy Garland "comeback" special that aired in 1961, which included Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin, and led to a weekly show that Jewison was later called in to direct. Visiting the studio during rehearsal for the special, actor Tony Curtis suggested to Jewison that he should direct a feature film.
Jewison's career as a film director began when Tony Curtis' and Janet Leigh's film production company, Curtleigh Productions, hired him to direct the comedy "40 Pounds of Trouble" in February 1962. The film was financed and distributed by Universal-International Pictures and was the first motion picture ever filmed at Disneyland. Curtleigh Productions' contract with Jewison had a negotiable option for further films if the initial picture was successful. In early October 1962, Jewison formed his own independent film production company, SImkoe Productions, and signed a two-picture deal with Curtis' new film production company, Curtis Enterprises, as well as an additional two-picture deal with Universal-International Pictures. Although the two pictures for Curtis Enterprises were not made, both films for Universal-International Pictures were. He made two comedies starring Doris Day: "The Thrill of It All", released in 1963 and co-starring James Garner, and "Send Me No Flowers", released in 1964 and co-starring Rock Hudson. After another comedy, "The Art of Love" (1965), Jewison was determined to escape from the genre and tackle more demanding projects.
1965–1987: Breakthrough and acclaim.
His breakthrough film proved to be "The Cincinnati Kid" (1965), a drama starring Steve McQueen, and Jewison considered it one of his personal favourites because it was his first challenging drama. This success was followed in 1966 by a satire on Cold War paranoia, "The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming"; it was the first film Jewison also produced, and it was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. He felt that doing "a plea for coexistence, or the absurdity of international conflict was important right at that moment". While reaction to "Russians" was positive, Jewison was labelled as "a Canadian pinko" by right-wing commentators.
Continuing his string of successes was one of the films that has become closely identified with Jewison as its director, "In the Heat of the Night" (1967), a crime drama set in a racially divided Southern town and starring Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, which won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, while Jewison was nominated for Best Director. While he was filming, Robert Kennedy told Jewison that this could be "a very important film. Timing is everything". Kennedy reminded Jewison of that prediction a year and a half later when he presented him with the Critics' Choice Movie Award for best drama. As a follow-up he directed and produced another film with McQueen, using innovative multiple screen images in the crime caper "The Thomas Crown Affair" (1968). From that point Jewison produced all feature films he directed, often with associate Patrick Palmer, and he also acted as producer for films directed by others, beginning with his former film editor Hal Ashby's directorial debut "The Landlord" (1970). After the completion of the period comedy "Gaily, Gaily" (1969), Jewison, having become disenchanted with the political climate in the United States, moved his family to England.
At Pinewood Studios northwest of London, and on location in Yugoslavia, he worked on the musical "Fiddler on the Roof" (1971, re-issued 1979), which won three Oscars and was nominated for five others, including Best Picture and Director. During the filming of "Fiddler", Jewison was also the subject of the 1971 National Film Board of Canada documentary, "Norman Jewison, Filmmaker", directed by Douglas Jackson. Jewison's next project was the musical "Jesus Christ Superstar" (1973), based on the Broadway musical written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice. It was filmed in Israel, where Jewison also produced the western "Billy Two Hats" (1974), starring Gregory Peck. "Superstar", controversial for its treatment of a religious subject, was followed by another movie that sparked critical debate, this time over violence. "Rollerball" (1975) is set in the near future when corporations rule the world and entertainment is centred around a deadly game. The next film he directed, the labour union drama "F.I.S.T." (1978), loosely based on the life of Jimmy Hoffa, also provided some controversy, this time regarding the screenwriting credit. Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas was unhappy to share the screenwriting credit with the film's star Sylvester Stallone, as he felt that Stallone's input had been minor, while Stallone claimed to have basically rewritten the whole script.
In 1978 Jewison returned to Canada, settling in the Caledon area in Ontario and establishing a farm that produced prizewinning cattle, as well as maple syrup. Operating from a base in Toronto, as well as one maintained in California, he directed high-profile actors Al Pacino in "...And Justice for All" (1979), and Burt Reynolds and Goldie Hawn in the romantic comedy "Best Friends" (1982), and he produced "The Dogs of War" (1981) and "Iceman" (1984). During this period Jewison also produced the 53rd Annual Academy Awards (1981), which was slated to air the day President Ronald Reagan was shot and had to be rescheduled. Revisiting the theme of racial tension that had characterised "In the Heat of the Night", Jewison's "A Soldier's Story" (1984), based on a Pulitzer Prize winning play, was nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. His next film was also based on a successful play. "Agnes of God" (1985), set in a Quebec convent, starred Jane Fonda, Meg Tilly, and Anne Bancroft; it received three Academy Award nominations. In 1986, he then discontinued the agreement with film producer Columbia Pictures, citing the behaviour of British filmmaker and head of production David Puttnam. After the falling out with Columbia, his Yorktown Productions company was moved to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for a three-year agreement to direct, produce, and develop pictures from the studio, and gave MGM the right of first refusal on films he wished to make. Jewison's next film proved to be one of the most popular romantic films ever made. "Moonstruck" (1987), starring Cher, was a box office hit that garnered three Academy Awards, including Best Actress for Cher. Jewison also received his third Best Director nomination.
1988–2001.
For the next decade Jewison continued to direct feature films released by major studios: "In Country" (1989), a drama concerned with Vietnam veterans and the daughter of a war casualty; "Other People's Money" (1991), a social comedy about greed in the 1980s; "Only You" (1994), a romantic comedy set in Italy; and "Bogus" (1996), a fantasy about a young boy and his imaginary friend. He also served as producer for the film "January Man" (1989), executive producer for the Canadian movie "Dance Me Outside", and branched back into television both as director and producer, including the TNT biographical film 'Geronimo' (1993) and the series "The Rez" (1996–1998).
"The Hurricane" (1999) was Jewison's third film to explore the effects of racism, telling the story of boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, who had been falsely convicted for a triple murder in New Jersey during the mid-1960s. Denzel Washington won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Oscar for his portrayal of Carter. In 1999, Jewison's work was recognised by The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences when he was given the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for lifetime achievement. Jewison continued directing and producing up until his last film to be released, the 2003 thriller "The Statement", based on a novel by Brian Moore starring Michael Caine. That same year his autobiography "This Terrible Business Has Been Good to Me" was published, expressing the enthusiasm, conviction, and creative passion that sustained his career.
In 1999, he directed the HBO television movie "Dinner with Friends" starring Andie MacDowell, Greg Kinnear, Toni Collette, and Dennis Quaid. The film was based on the play of the same name by Donald Margulies. Jewison was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.
Describing the key characteristic of the films he made, he once said: "I want people to recognise themselves in the movies I make. I don't enjoy no-brainer action movies."
Canadian Film Centre.
Jewison's commitment and contribution to film in Canada is evidenced by his creation of the Canadian Centre for Advanced Film Studies in 1986, which opened two years later as an advanced film school on Windfields Estate in Toronto, Ontario. This was subsequently renamed the Canadian Film Centre (CFC).
More than 1,700 alumni and 100 alumni companies have come out of CFC's programs to date, including Shaftesbury Films, Conquering Lion Pictures, CopperHeart Entertainment, Smiley Guy Studios, and Secret Location. The centre has helped incubate and/or develop groundbreaking original content, including hit television series "Orphan Black" (from creators Graeme Manson and John Fawcett, CFC alumni), the award-winning first feature "Closet Monster" (from writer/director alumnus Stephen