The ocean liner "Titanic" has been extensively portrayed in films, books, memorials and museums.
Films and literature.
"Titanic" has played a prominent role in popular culture ever since her sinking. The disaster has inspired numerous books, plays, films, songs, poems and works of art, and has lent itself to a great variety of interpretations of its significance, meaning and legacy. The immediate aftermath of the sinking saw an outpouring of poetry, though much of it was dismissed by "The New York Times" as "worthless" and "intolerably bad" and by "Current Literature" as "unutterably horrible", though Thomas Hardy's "The Convergence of the Twain" (1912) was one of the more significant works to emerge from the disaster. Several survivors wrote books about their experiences and various hack writers cashed in on the tragedy by producing sensationalist "dollar books" culled from the often inaccurate press coverage. 1955 saw the publication of Walter Lord's influential non-fiction book "A Night to Remember" which weaved numerous personal accounts from survivors.
The sinking of the "Titanic" has been a popular subject for visual artists, whether in paintings and illustrations or on the screen. The first "Titanic" newsreel films were released within days of the disaster; one by the Gaumont Film Company was a huge hit and played to packed houses around the world, often accompanied by the audience singing the hymn "Nearer, My God, to Thee" at the climax of the film. There have also been many drama films set aboard "Titanic". The first such film about the disaster, "Saved from the Titanic", is now lost. It was released only 29 days after the ship sank and had an actual survivor as its star—the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson. The story of the sinking was also told in heavily fictionalised form as a Nazi propaganda movie ("Titanic", 1943) and as an American melodrama ("Titanic", 1953). The British film "A Night to Remember" (1958) is still widely regarded as the most historically accurate movie portrayal of the sinking, but the most successful by far has been James Cameron's "Titanic" (1997), which became the highest-grossing film in history up to that time.
A great variety of memorabilia was also produced. Memorial postcards sold in huge numbers; one popular series produced in Britain showed verses from "Nearer, My God, to Thee" alongside a mourning woman and "Titanic" sinking in the background. The disaster was commemorated in numerous other forms, ranging from tin candy boxes to commemorative plates, whiskey jiggers, and even black mourning teddy bears. The latter are now hugely sought-after and examples have sold for over $135,000.
In anime and manga.
The Japanese manga spin-off series of "Doraemon" known as "The Doraemons" featured the "Titanic" in a special chapter entitled "Titanic the Ghost Ship", in which Dora-the-Kid acts as Jack Dawson facing on Rose DeWitt Bukater. Jack and Rose in particular were two characters from the famous 1997 James Cameron film. Certain aspects in this chapter are also similar to that of the 1997 film as well.
In the 2017 anime movie "", the fictional ocean liner Campania suffers a similar fate to Titanic including getting hit by an iceberg and splitting in half as well as lifeboats being filled by women and children first. The Campania also appears in the Black butler manga, in volumes IX-XIV, and it is filled with corpses that have been made to appear revived, or to use their terms, "Absolute Salvation".
On stage.
In 1997, the musical "Titanic" was made. It won Tony Award for Best Musical.
Art.
Frederick Cayley Robinson's 1912 oil painting "The Outward Bound" shows a youth in a boat watching as "Titanic" leaves Southampton. It was commissioned in memory of "Titanic"'s band leader, violinist Wallace Hartley, and given to Leeds Art Gallery by the Leeds Professional Musicians. The painting was unveiled in the City Art Gallery by the Lord Mayor of Leeds on 23 December 1912.
Legends and myths.
The "Titanic" has gone down in history as the ship that was called unsinkable. However, even though countless news stories after the sinking called "Titanic" unsinkable, prior to the sinking the White Star Line had used the term "designed to be unsinkable", and other pre-sinking publications described the ship as "virtually unsinkable". Another well-known story is that of the ship's band, led by Wallace Hartley, who heroically played on while the great steamer was sinking. This seems to be true but there has been conflicting information about which song was the last to be heard. The most reported is "Nearer, My God, to Thee", though "Autumn" has been mentioned. Finally, a widespread myth is that the internationally recognised Morse code distress signal "SOS" was first put to use when the "Titanic" sank. While it is true that British wireless operators rarely used the "SOS" signal at the time, preferring the older "CQD" code, "SOS" had been used internationally since 1908. The first wireless operator on "Titanic", Jack Phillips, sent both "SOS" and "CQD" as distress calls.
Memorials and monuments.
The "Titanic" disaster was commemorated though a variety of memorials and monuments to the victims, erected in several English-speaking countries and in particular in cities that had suffered notable losses. These included Southampton, Liverpool and Belfast in the United Kingdom; New York and Washington, D.C. in the United States; and Cobh (formerly Queenstown) in Ireland. Individual British victims of the disaster are commemorated in a number of places, notably Captain Smith in Lichfield, wireless operator Jack Phillips in Godalming and musician Wallace Hartley in his home town of Colne. Most of the bodies recovered after the disaster are buried under simple black granite headstones in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Two towns in Australia, Ballarat and Broken Hill, built memorials to the ship's musicians.
Each year, on the anniversary of the sinking, a wreath is laid at the site by the United States Coast Guard's International Ice Patrol.
Museums.
A number of museums around the world have displays on "Titanic". In Northern Ireland, the ship is commemorated by the Titanic Belfast visitor attraction, opened on 31 March 2012, that stands on the site of the shipyard where "Titanic" was built. The Ulster Folk and Transport Museum also has a substantial exhibition called "TITANICa". In England, artefacts relating to the disaster are preserved at the SeaCity Museum in Southampton and the Merseyside Maritime Museum in Liverpool, which has the original long builder's model of the ship. The National Maritime Museum also has a large "Titanic"-related collection, donated by the author and producer of "A Night to Remember".
Several "Titanic" museums operate in the United States. The Titanic Museum in Indian Orchard, Massachusetts, presents the collection of the Titanic Historical Society. It includes artefacts including original blueprints of the ship, the lifejacket of John Jacob Astor (which he gave to his wife when they parted aboard "Titanic"), and original wireless messages. In Branson, Missouri a Titanic Museum is located inside a half-size replica of the ship, complete with iceberg. It presents replicas of the ship's lobby, cabins and wireless rooms and various items of memorabilia and artefacts. The same company operates the Titanic Museum in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, which recreates the ship's Grand Staircase as well as enabling visitors to experience the cold of the ocean and the heat of the boiler rooms. "Titanic The Experience"—in Orlando, Florida—likewise recreates the Grand Staircase, the Verandah Café, a first-class suite and part of the Promenade Deck. Actors in period dress provide guided tours to visitors. RMS Titanic Inc., which is authorised to salvage the wreck site, has a permanent "Titanic" exhibition at the Luxor Las Vegas hotel and casino in Nevada which features a 22-ton slab of the ship's hull. It also runs a travelling exhibition which travels around the world.
In Nova Scotia, Halifax's Maritime Museum of the Atlantic displays many items that were recovered from the sea a few days after the disaster. They include pieces of woodwork such as panelling from the ship's First Class Lounge and an original deckchair, as well as objects recovered from the bodies of the victims who were buried in the city's cemeteries. At Cape Race, Newfoundland and Labrador, the Myrick Wireless Interpretive Centre is set to open a permanent "Titanic" exhibit. This site of a former Marconi wireless station was the first on land to respond to "Titanic"'s distress call, transmitted hundreds of messages from passengers, and was used to coordinate the rescue effort.
100th anniversary commemoration.
At 12:13 pm on 31 May 2011, exactly 100 years after "Titanic" rolled down her slipway, a single flare was fired over Belfast's docklands in commemoration. All boats in the area around the Harland and Wolff shipyard then sounded their horns and the assembled crowd applauded for exactly 62 seconds, the time it had originally taken for the liner to roll down the slipway in 1911. On 12 March 2012 BBC's "Songs of Praise", from Belfast, took the form of a "Titanic" memorial. The programme included a selection of maritime hymns and ended with "Nearer, My God, to Thee", allegedly the last tune played by the ship's band.
On 27 March 2012, "Titanic 3D" premiered at the Royal Albert Hall in London, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance, and entered general release on 4 April 2012, six days shy of the centenary of "Titanic" embarking on her maiden voyage. ITV1 produced a four-part Titanic miniseries, written by Oscar-winner Julian Fellowes, broadcast in March and April 2012. "Titanic Tales: Stories of Courage and Cowardice" is a dramatic production co-written by Duncan McCargo and Stephanie Winters, based on original testimonies of survivors, along with authentic music. It was commissioned by Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and premiered in New York on 12 April 2012.
An original stageplay called "Iceberg—Right Ahead!" was performed at Upstairs at The Gatehouse, London from 22 March–22 April 2012, the Lyric Theatre, Belfast performed "White Star of the North", and the street theatre event "" was held in Liverpool over the weekend of 20–22 April. The event which attracted 600,000 spectators was inspired by a letter written by a 10-year-old Liverpudlian girl, May McMurray, in 1912 to her father William, a bedroom steward on the Titanic who did not survive the sinking. The letter never reached him and is now on display at the Merseyside Maritime Museum.
The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra performed "The Titanic Requiem", a work composed by singer/songwriter Robin Gibb and his son RJ Gibb, at the premiere on 10 April in London. The event includes a hologram show depicting the sea, the ship, and the iceberg.
On 14 April 2012, Halifax's Maritime Museum of the Atlantic held a candle-lit procession by the water from the museum to Halifax's Grand Parade, which passed some of the city's "Titanic" related landmarks along the way. Following this, Halifax's Fairview Lawn Cemetery held an interfaith memorial service in remembrance of the hundreds of lives lost in the "Titanic" tragedy and for the 121 "Titanic" victims buried at the cemetery, followed by a wreath-laying and musical performance the next day.
The SeaCity Museum in Southampton, Hampshire opened on 10 April 2012, the date when the "Titanic" made her maiden voyage out of Southampton. It was designed to show Southampton's 2,000 years of sea history, as well as commemorate the 549 city residents who sunk with the "Titanic".
To mark the 100th anniversary of the sinking, the BBC World Service broadcast on 10 April 2012 a radio documentary in the "Discovery" series, entitled "Titanic—In Her Own Words". The programme was conceived and created by Susanne Weber and was narrated by Sean Coughlan who had previously written a book on the "Titanic" radio messages. The programme used voice synthesis to re-create "the strange, twitter-like, mechanical brevity of the original Morse code messages..." transmitted by "Titanic" and neighbouring ships. The messages often included the fashionable slang expressions of the time such as "old man". The BBC noted: "All such messages were recorded at the time in copper plate handwriting, and were now scattered across the world in different collections, but together formed a unique archive". On 14 April BBC Radio 2 aired a three-hour minute-by-minute account of the disaster to coincide with the time it happened.
Besides commemorations on land, two ships participated in memorial services at the spot where "Titanic" sank. "Azamara Journey" left New York on 10 April, with passengers interested in the "Titanic" story, many dressed in period attire. A stop was made at Halifax to visit the graves of 121 victims. A second ship, MV "Balmoral", operated by Fred Olsen