Person who interferes with the status quo of a society or community
A gadfly is a person who interferes with the "status quo" of a society or community by posing novel, potentially upsetting questions, usually directed at authorities. The term has a modern use but it was originally associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, as portrayed in Plato's Apology when Socrates was on trial for his life.
History.
Socrates.
The term "gadfly" (, "mýops") was used by Plato in the "Apology" to describe Socrates' acting as an uncomfortable goad to the Athenian political scene, like a spur or biting fly arousing a sluggish horse.
During his defense when on trial for his life, Socrates, according to Plato's account, pointed out that dissent, like the gadfly, was easy to swat, but the cost to society of silencing individuals who were irritating could be very high: "If you kill a man like me, you will injure yourselves more than you will injure me" because his role was comparable to that of a gadfly: "to sting people and whip them into a fury, all in the service of truth".
Dominic Scott notes that in the "Apology", the allusion speaks well of Socrates, whereas in the "Meno", the image which compares Socrates to a stingray who "numbs" his interlocutors into silence and confusion has the opposite effect.
Modern politics.
The image used by Socrates is applied in modern politics: a gadfly is someone who persistently challenges people in positions of power, the "status quo" or a popular position. For example, Morris Kline wrote, "There is a function for the gadfly who poses questions that many specialists would like to overlook. Polemics is healthy."
References.
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