Genus of fungi
Neolentinus is a genus of wood-decaying agarics with tough (leathery to woody) fruit bodies composed of dimitic tissue, serrated lamella edges, and nonamyloid white binucleate basidiospores among other features. It was segregated from "Lentinus" in the broad taxonomic sense, hence the derivation of the name. Biologically "Neolentinus" species produce a brown rot type of decay of wood, whereas "Lentinus" causes a white rot. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the two genera are unrelated. "Neolentinus" is phylogenetically allied to other brown rot genera such as "Gloeophyllum", "Heliocybe", and "Veluticeps". A new order, the Gloeophyllales, has been described for these fungi. "Heliocybe" had been placed in synonymy but it differs phylogenetically and anatomically by the lack of clamp connections that all "Neolentinus" produce on their generative hyphae.
Species.
The best known species in this genus is "Neolentinus lepideus", sometimes known as the "train wrecker", a name coined because the fungus is one of the few decay fungi that can grow on creosote-treated railroad ties. "Neolentinus lepideus" also grows on timbers in old mines, but because it requires light to form its cap, the fungus forms bizarre growth forms when fruit bodies start to form in dark mine shafts or cellars. "Neolentinus lepideus" is widely distributed.
"Neolentinus kauffmanii" decays sitka spruce on the west coast of North America, producing a variation of brown rot called brown pocket rot. "Neolentinus ponderosus" is another western North American species found on the ground, growing from the roots of or growing from the stumps of pine, predominantly "Pinus ponderosa" in montane areas. In California, it is often solitary, common in the Sierra, and is rare at low elevations. The fruiting commences from late spring to late summer. Sought out when young and tender, it has an excellent taste.
"Neolentinus dactyloides" is a fire ecology species that fruits from massive subterranean pseudosclerotia in Australia.
Etymology.
"Neolentinus" means the new (Latin - "neo-") "Lentinus". "Lentinus" is an older generic name historically applied to a broad group of agarics, and now restricted in application excluding "Neolentinus".
References.
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