This glossary of the French Revolution generally does not explicate names of individual people or their political associations; those can be found in List of people associated with the French Revolution.
The terminology routinely used in discussing the French Revolution can be confusing. The same political faction may be referred to by different historians (or by the same historian in different contexts) by different names. During much of the revolutionary period, the French used a newly invented calendar that fell into complete disuse after the revolutionary era. Different legislative bodies had rather similar names, not always translated uniformly into English.
The three estates.
The estates of the realm in "ancien régime" France were:
Fourth Estate is a term with two relevant meanings: on the one hand, the generally unrepresented poor, nominally part of the Third Estate; on the other, the press, as a fourth powerful entity in addition to the three estates of the realm.
Governmental structures.
In roughly chronological order:
Months of the French Revolutionary Calendar.
Under this calendar, the Year I or "Year 1" began 22 September 1792 (the date of the official abolition of the monarchy and the nobility).
Symbols.
Cockades.
Cockades ("cocardes") were rosettes or ribbons worn as a badge, typically on a hat.
Other countries and armies at this time typically had their own cockades.
References.
For citations see the linked articles and also Ballard (2011); Furet (1989) Hanson (2004), Ross (1998) and Scott &amp; Rothaus (1985).