Order of microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled parasites in the apicomplex phylum
The Eucoccidiorida are an order of microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida. Protozoans of this order include parasites of humans, and both domesticated and wild animals including birds. Among these parasites are the "Toxoplasma gondii" that cause toxoplasmosis and "Isospora belli", which results in isosporiasis.
Definition.
This is the largest order in the class Conoidasida and contains those species that all undergo merogony (asexual), gametogony (sexual) and sporogony (spore formation) during their lifecycles.
Genera.
Nineteen families, three subfamilies, and 70 genera are recognised in this order. The genera include:
"Adelea", "Adelina", "Aggregata", "Alveocystis", "Atoxoplasma", "Babesiosoma", "Barrouxia", "Bartazoon", "Besnoitia", "Calyptospora", "Caryospora", "Caryotropha", "Chagasella", "Choleoeimeria", "Cryptosporidium", "Crystallospora", "Cyclospora", "Cyrilia", "Cystoisospora", "Dactylosoma", "Desseria", "Diaspora", "Dorisa", "Dorisiella", "Eimeria", "Elleipsisoma", "Epieimeria", "Frenkelia", "Ganapatiella", "Gibbsia", "Goussia", "Gousseffia", "Grasseella", "Hammondia", "Haemogregarina", "Hemolivia", "Hepatozoon", "Heydornia", "Hoarella", "Hyaloklossia", "Isospora", "Ithania", "Karyolysus", "Klossia", "Klossiella", "Lankesterella", "Legerella", "Margolisiella", "Mantonella", "Merocystis", "Nephroisospora", "Neospora", "Octosporella", "Orcheobius", "Ovivora", "Pfeifferinella", "Polysporella", "Pseudoklossia", "Pythonella", "Rasajeyna", "Sarcocystis", "Schellackia", "Selenococcidium", "Selysina", "Sivatoshella", "Skrjabinella", "Spirocystis", "Toxoplasma", "Tyzzeria", "Wenyonella"
Among the heteroxenous and cyst-forming genera are: "Besnoitia", "Cystoisospora", "Frenkelia", "Hammondia", "Neospora", "Sarcocystis", and "Toxoplasma".
Taxonomy.
The taxonomy of this group is complex and only partly understood. Two major clades have been identified: the isosporoid coccidia ("Toxoplasma", "Neospora", "Isospora" [in part], and "Sarcocystis") and a second clade containing "Lankesterella", "Caryospora" and the eimeriid coccidia ("Cyclospora", "Isospora" [in part] and "Eimeria"). "Isospora" is more closely related to the "Toxoplasma"/"Neospora" clade than to "Sarcocystis".
Families.
About 1,000 species are in the genus "Eimeria".
Some of the genera have been organised into families.
References.
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