Historically used term
Mangkubhumi is a term for prime minister which was historically used in kingdoms in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan during Hindu–Buddhist civilizations in Nusantara. Elsewhere, "Mangkubhumi" is also referred to as Rijksbestierder, Bendahara, Pepatih Dalem, Perdipati, Pabbicara Butta, Tuan Bicara, Rajabicara, and Tomarilaleng.
At first, the position of "Mangkubhumi" was given to lower-class people who were not nobles. However, over time the position of "Mangkubumi" was also held by the Majesty the King and Prince Dipati Anom (the Sultan's brother or the second son of the reigning Sultan), with the title "Prince of Mangkubhumi" and became the highest position under king.
Etymology.
The term "mangkubhumi" is a term found in Indonesian languages, for example in the manuscript "Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian" which is in Old Sundanese, there is the following sentence fragment:{
In the concept of state administration in the Kingdom of Sunda, apart from the level of prime minister, "Mangkubumi" can also mean harbor master. In carrying out his duties, "Mangkubumi" assisted the duties of the "Prebu" or King of the Sunda Kingdom, "Mangkubumi" was assisted by the "Nu nangganan", "Nu nangganan" was assisted by the "Mantri" and the "Mantri" was assisted by the "Wado" who were in direct contact with the people. "Mangkubhumi" is also found in Javanese, and is referred to as "Mahapatih Hamengkubumi" often shortened to "Mahapatih" or simply "Mangkubumi". In Banjarese, "Mangkubhumi" is referred to as "".
References.
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