The British retailer Marks &amp; Spencer has used a number of brand names for its present and former products and services.
Product line history.
St. Michael.
The St Michael brand was introduced by Simon Marks in 1928, named after his father and co-founder of Marks &amp; Spencer, Michael Marks. By 1950, virtually all goods were sold under the St Michael brand. M&amp;S lingerie, women's clothing and girls' uniforms used the "St Margaret" brand, until the whole range of general merchandise became St Michael.
In 2000, the company shifted to the Marks &amp; Spencer brand. The St Michael name was subsequently adopted as a 'quality guarantee' and appeared for a time as the "St Michael Quality Promise" on the back of food products, on the side of delivery vehicles and on in-store ordering receipts. St Michael returned to a limited extent as an emblem on clothing in 2021.
Major product lines.
The company put its main emphasis on quality, including a 1957 stocking size measuring system. For most of its history, it has also had a reputation for offering fair value for money.
The synthetic fibre Tricell was first used in 1957 and lasted until the 1970s and another synthetic fibre called Courtelle was first launched nationally by Marks &amp; Spencer during 1960 and also lasted well into the 1970s. Machine washable wool first appeared in 1972 and Lycra hosiery first came in during 1986.
M&amp;S launched their own brands of domestic products, such as washing powder and aluminium foil in 1972, under the brand name of 'House-care'.
M&amp;S has sold Christmas cakes and Christmas puddings since 1958. In an effort to improve the quality of their Swiss rolls, they hired the food expert Nat Goldberg, who made a major improvement across their entire cake range, which had lost the public's favour a few years earlier. As a later measure to improve food quality food labelling was improved and "sell by dates" were phased in between 1970 and 1972.
Boil-in-the-bag and sachet meals were first pioneered by M&amp;S in 1972 and the award-winning Gastropub food range was launched in 2004. The 'Melting middle chocolate pudding' campaign of 2005 led to a remarkable 3,000% rise in chocolate pudding sales, something that has not reoccurred since.
The successful Autograph brand was launched in 2000 and was originally meant to be for men, but had now moved on to cover children and women by 2005. The 1996–1997 'Orient Express Tagged' brand was the first of numerous new brands, most of which were in feminine and children's clothes. The 'Orient Express Tagged' brand was part of the inspiration behind the 'Portfolio' brand. The men's Autograph brand was then launched in 2000 and continues to this day.
The Percy Pigs sweets were first created in 1992 and the billionth Percy Pig sweet was sold by October 2007.
M&amp;S's relatively successful interior design 'Homeware' brand was launched in 2005 and renamed 'Home' in 2006. It features products like vases, furniture, beds etc.
Plus range maternity – larger sizes of maternity clothes – were absorbed into the already existing 'Limited Collection Maternity', under the name of 'M&amp;S Maternity' in 2008 to simplify administration.
The women's 'Perfect' and 'Essential' sub-brands were largely relaunched in 2009 as the 'Portfolio' range, but without the high end designer blouses. Perfect still operates in men's rain coats and cookware. Perfect was relaunced in January 2010 as a seasonal sub-brand of Portfolio.
The firm's major clothing lines.
M&amp;S markets its major adult clothes ranges under the following brand names:
Per Una.
Per Una is a range of younger female's clothing sold at M&amp;S stores, launched on 28 September 2001 as a joint venture between M&amp;S and Next founder George Davies. The brand name means "for one" (woman) in Italian. All Per Una items include the three hearts logo, inspired by a postcard seen by Davies while on holiday in Italy.
The Per Una brand has been a major success for the company, and in October 2004, M&amp;S bought the brand in a £125 million, two-year service contract with George Davies. Davies was to stay on for at least two years to run the company, with 12 months notice required if he wished to leave.
The teenagers' line called Per Una Due was launched in early 2004, but sales were poor and it was discontinued in May 2004, while the adult lines flourished by 2010.
The Designer Discount brand was relaunched in the festive season 2008–2009 as "Buy me now or lose me forever – limited stock."
Planned new Per Una sub-brands.
M&amp;S also announced it was planning to take over Twiggy's Twiggy international label during the winter of 2010 and merge it into Per Una.
Portfolio.
Portfolio
This is aimed at the core 40–55 businesswoman. It is meant to offer all that is close to her feminine side. The shoes, trouser suits, blouses and frocks will be UK sourced and the T-shirts will involve fair trade cotton from India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It has incorporated some products from the former Perfect and Essential sub-brands. Portfolio Cashmere had absorbed the other male and female M&amp;S cashmere jumper lines. Portfolio (headed by Marie Helvin since 2008) recently began to issue Speziale fashion trousers and Jeggings in a final bid for customers in late 2010 The Portfolio brand is currently being phased out.
Indigo collection.
The Indigo collection
This is a new range, aimed at the core, 18–25, feminine casual-comfortable type. It is meant to offer all that is close to her feminine side. The shoes, trousers and jeans will be UK and Bangladeshi-sourced and the T-shirts will involve fair trade cotton from Senegal, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Beachwear may be added to the list if the success continues.
It has a sub-brand product range called Denim which deals with women's jeans.
Babywear was reduced to woolly hats, gloves, socks and bed linen after its baby clothes, blanket sleepers, Romper suits, cot blankets, babies' bibs, non-woolly hats, socks and cot linen were turned into the Indigo Baby line in January 2011.
Autograph.
Autograph celebrated its tenth birthday in January 2010.
Marks and Spencer.
Linen shop is the department in larger stores which sells the various linen articles listed above along with some linen items from other lines and brands.
Classic collection.
Classic Collection is a new seasonal range, aimed at the core 55+ retired woman. It is meant to offer all that is close to her feminine side. The shoes, skirts, blouses and frocks will be UK sourced and the T-shirts will involve fair trade cotton from India and Pakistan. It has 'Seasonal Classics' and 'Summer Classics' lines.
Blue Harbour.
Blue Harbour is Britain's largest men's casuals brand, and includes the sub-brands Heritage, Luxury and Golf.
Other clothing lines.
Other adult only clothes lines.
M&amp;S markets its miscellaneous and specialist adult clothes ranges under the following product ranges:
Miami Issue
M&amp;S Maternity
Perfect 
Plus range maternity
Thermal luxury
Ultimate
Adored
Katy Livingston
The Zandra Rhodes collection
Party, Party, Party!
Breakthrough Breast Cancer
Essential
Plus range maternity
Limited Collection Maternity 
Tailoring
Floor 1 discount brands
Other children's only clothes.
M&amp;S markets its miscellaneous and specialist childrenswear under the following brand names:
Living the dream
World Cup
Plus fit
Party, Party, Party!
Ready to play
Sleep
Casual
Partyware
Denim 
The Shirt-sleeve empire
Both Sleepwear, Twinkle toes, Casual Junior, The Shirt-sleeve empire, Partyware and Occasionwear were all merged into either Occasions, Indigo Junior or Autograph Junior over the Festive season of 2010–2011.
Other babywear lines.
M&amp;S markets its miscellaneous and specialist babywear under the following brand names:
Babywear was reduced to woolly hats, gloves, socks and bed linen- after its baby clothes, blanket sleepers, romper suits, cot blankets, babies' bibs, non-woolly hats, socks and cot linen were turned in the Indigo Baby line, along with Romper-suit republic and Fashion in the January 2011.
Breakthrough Breast Cancer.
M&amp;S periodically markets charitable clothes for Breakthrough Breast Cancer.
Revamped lines.
April 2013 saw the M&amp;S lingerie chief, Janie Schaffer, quit after only months in the job.
15 May 2013 saw the launch of the 'Best of British range' as well as the overhaul of Per Una and Indigo.
 Patrick Bousquet-Chavanne – currently M&amp;S's corporate director of strategy implementation and business development became the new marketing director and wii succeed Steven Sharp in July. Mark Bolland also vowed to bring "quality and style back"
The chain already has 20 UK suppliers and is looking to increase that number.
Shoes.
Men
Women
Unisex
Cosmetics, toiletries and perfumes.
Men
Women
Unisex
Branded cosmetics, toiletries and perfumery.
Skincare
Make Up
Bath &amp; Body
Food and drink.
Major brands.
Free range
Gastropub
Percy Pig
Percy Pigs is a popular brand of pig-shaped raspberry-flavoured confectionery made under licence in Germany for Marks &amp; Spencer. The sweets first appeared in stores in the mid-1990s. The name "Percy Pig" has now been trademarked by Marks &amp; Spencer. More than £10,000,000 was grossed between June 2009 and 2010 in Percy Pig sales in Marks &amp; Spencer's UK branches alone. They are made up of just under 3.5% fruit juice.
Percy Pigs were created in 1995 and were sold in strawberry and raspberry flavours. Until 2008, Percy Pigs were available in 100, 200 and 400 grams. The packaging has not changed size, but the middle size now contains 170 grams and the large size now contains 340 grams. There is also the related "Colin the Caterpillar" sweet that was first launched in the festive season of 2008–2009.
Alcohol.
M&amp;S has an extensive wine and beer range, which was first started in 1973.
In 2006 and 2007, M&amp;S entered over a hundred of its own wines into two wine competitions, "The Decanter World Wine Awards" and The International Wine Challenge. Both years, almost every wine won an award, ranging from the 2005 Secano Pinot Noir, Leyda Valley, Chile (Best Pinot Noir in the world for under £10) to the Rosada Cava (Commended).""
Gift shop/Christmas gifts and ideas shop.
The gift shop sells cut flowers, greetings cards, Christmas hampers, jewellery, watches and upmarket chocolates. The 'Christmas gifts and ideas shop' is the Christmas version and sells gifts, toys and Christmas decorations. The online flower service was accused of unfair trading and using Google to piggy-back advertise on online searches aimed at Interflora online in 2010.
M&amp;S Bank.
A variety of services are available under the M&amp;S Bank brand including credit cards, loans, insurance and savings accounts. Originally an in-house venture trading as 'Marks and Spencer Financial Services' and later 'M&amp;S Money', the banking business was acquired by HSBC in 2004 and now uses the Marks and Spencer brand as part of a joint-venture agreement.
M&amp;S Energy.
M&amp;S Energy launched in 2008, in partnership with SSE, to supply domestic gas and electricity. In 2018, Octopus Energy replaced SSE.
M&amp;S TV and online services.
Products have been available to order online since the mid-2000s, in response to other chains like Tesco launching their pioneering Tesco.com home shopping delivery service in the early 2000s.
M&amp;S TV is an online TV station to advertise goods.
The online flower service was accused of unfair trading and using Google to piggy-back advertise on online searches aimed at Interflora online in 2010.
The John Lewis shopping chain beat M&amp;S to the title of the UK's best high-street website by late 2010.
Former clothing ranges and product types.
Old labels.
'St Margaret', 'St Michael' and 'Homecare' brands were the time-honoured brand labels that fell out of use in the company wide re-branding campaign of the early 2000s. The stylish 1996–1997 'Orient Express Tagged' brand was the first of numerous new brands, most of which were in women's and children's clothes. The 'Orient Express Tagged' brand was revived in 2007 as the year long 'Orient Express Platform 10' brand and was part of the inspiration behind the 'Portfolio' brand. The men's Autograph brand was then launched in 2000 and continues to this day.
'Plus range maternity – larger sizes of maternity clothes were absorbed into the already existing 'Limited Collection Maternity', under the name of 'M&amp;S Maternity' in 2008 to simplify administration.
The women's 'Perfect' and 'Essential' sub-brands were largely relaunched in 2009 as the 'Portfolio' range, but with out the high end designer blouses. Perfect still operates in men's rain coats and cookware. Perfect was relaunced in January 2010 as a seasonal sub-brand of Portfolio.
Sir Stuart Rose axed both the ailing casual menswear brand SP Clothing, the View From sportswear range, the David Beckham children's range, DB07 clothes, the teenage range Per Una Due and several food lines in 2004, because he thought the business' stock inventory management had become 'too complicated'
The retailer had launched several brands, sub-brands and line of womenswear and Childrenswear in recent years such as Indigo Collection Junior, Indigo Collection and Portfolio. Indigo Collection aimed at women over 30s, while Portfolio 45s. Overall, M &amp;S has ten womenswear sub-brands and sub-sub-brands, such as Per Una and Autograph, but only six menswear brands, such as Blue Harbour, North Coast and Collezione by 2010.
The 2008–9 restructuring plan.
As part