German World War II submarine
German submarine "U-664" was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 11 July 1941 by Howaldtswerke, Hamburg as yard number 813, launched on 28 April 1942 and commissioned on 17 June 1942 under "Oberleutnant zur See" Adolf Graef.
Design.
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. "U-664" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . "U-664" was fitted with five torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.
Service history.
The boat's career began with training at 8th U-boat Flotilla on 17 June 1942, followed by active service on 1 November 1942 as part of the 9th Flotilla for the remainder of her service.
In five patrols she sank three merchant ships, for a total of  gross register tons (GRT).
First Patrol.
On her first day of active service she was attacked by a US Catalina. The depth charge attack was so effective that she had to return to base in France.
Convoy ONS 167.
Outward bound from Biscay on her second patrol, "U-664" made a chance sighting of the slow convoy and radioed its position to base. Karl Dönitz ordered Graef to shadow the convoy while other boats were rounded up to form Wolfpack "Sturmbock". However the boats were well scattered and failed to make contact with the convoy, so on the night of 21 February 1943, Graef became impatient with waiting and decided to attack alone.
With one spread of torpedoes, Graef sank the  GRT American steamer "Rosario" and the  GRT Panamanian tanker "H H Rogers".
Wolfpacks.
U-664 took part in eight wolfpacks, namely:
Fate.
On 8 August 1943 "U-664" fired three torpedoes at the escort carrier in a surprise attack, before USS "Card" was able to respond and forced her to dive. The following day, on 9 August 1943, "U-664" was sunk in the North Atlantic in position , by depth charges from USN Grumman Avenger aircraft launched from the carrier. Seven crew members were killed and 44 rescued by "USS Borie" after seven hours in the water.
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