Group of religious statues in Brittany, France
The Calvary at Guimiliau, completed in 1588, is located in Guimiliau, Brittany, in northwestern France. It is part of the Guimiliau "enclos paroissial" (Guimiliau Parish close).
Background.
The Guimiliau calvary is enormous and the statues displayed on it cover 37 scenes from the life and death of Jesus Christ. It comprises an octagonal base with arched corners/buttresses. The statues are spread over the surface (platform) of this base and along the frieze which runs around it. A single cross with crosspiece rises from the platform. It was built between 1581 and 1588. The date 1581 was inscribed on the architrave above the altar on the east facade and 1588 appears near the figure of the Virgin Mary in the scene depicting the Adoration of the Magi. The calvary was restored in 1881 and the lichens cleaned off in 2009. The buttress on the north-east corner has a small stairway leading up to the main surface of the platform. This enabled the calvary to be used as a pulpit. The priest could deliver a sermon, surrounded by pictorial representations of the stories he would relate to a largely illiterate congregation. Each buttress has a niche on the outer side in which there are depictions of the Evangelists each sculpted with their attribute. The main facade is that on the west side and this has an altar added to it. This altar has a column on each side, these supporting the architrave and in a niche here is a depiction of saint Paul Aurelian who founded the diocese of Léon. The various statues are placed on the main platform and along the frieze which runs around the plinth. The figures on the frieze are smaller than those on the platform and those on the platform are in ronde bosse whilst those on the frieze are in high relief. On the frieze above the columns of the altar there is an inscription reading ;templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" / ;"AD GLORIAM DOMINI-1581-CRUX EGO FACTA FUI"
The Cross.
The cross has a granite shaft and the crucified Jesus, sculpted in kersanton, is attended by four angels who are collecting his blood. On the crosspiece below are back to back ("géminée") depictions of the Virgin Mary and St Peter and John the Evangelist and Saint Yves. The top part of the cross was damaged in a storm in 1902 and refashioned by Yann Larhantec.
The west face of the calvary.
Firstly on this face on the calvary there is a niche on the arched buttress which contains a statue of Paul Aurelian. Then on the upper surface of the west facing side, the first two sculptures deal with the Crown of thorns. Firstly we see Jesus seated and with his hands tied. He awaits his fate with an air of resignation. Then we see four soldiers in the act of forcing the crown down onto Jesus' head in a most brutal way. The remaining statuary on the west side platform deals with the Resurrection of Jesus. Jesus stands upright and emerges from the tomb whilst at his feet guards sleep, surrounded by a heap of discarded weaponry. They have perhaps drunk too much wine as one clutches a wine jug. Jesus raises his hand to give a blessing and in the other hand he holds the "Cross of resurrection". To his left, a soldier stands open-eyed in wonder to see the scene before him. He holds up a shield bearing a depiction of a lion. Apart from the two sleeping guards another soldier stands and views the scene with astonishment. Next we have a pietà covering the scene after Jesus has been taken down from the cross and finally we are given a view of the mouth of hell which includes the legendary Katell Gollet, who had taken the devil as a lover and is now shown trapped and fleeing from her lover whilst above a trumpet sounds the Last Judgement. Finally, we have the niche holding the statue of John the Evangelist shown with his attribute, the eagle. The eagle in fact, stands alone. The frieze on this side has a depiction of the Entry into Jerusalem and then, after the statue of saint Pol, there is a scene showing the Last Supper.
The east face of the calvary.
On the upper surface of the east facing side, we firstly have a statue of a cavalier on horseback this being the figure who leads the scene covering Christ Carrying the Cross. Then we see Jesus being mocked and teased, then the "mise au tombeau" with Jesus' body being prepared for burial and finally Pontius Pilate depicted washing his hands. The frieze below concentrates on Jesus' childhood with a depiction of the Adoration of the Magi then the Nativity and culminating with the Flight into Egypt. We then have the niche containing Mark the Evangelist and his attribute the lion.
South face of the calvary.
On the upper surface of the south facing side, there is firstly a depiction of Jesus leading an innocent from Hell. This is followed by Saint Veronica holding her veil upon which Jesus' image has appeared. The next scene covers Jesus' baptism followed by a depiction of Jesus carrying the Cross. Then on the frieze below is a statue depicting the seated Luke the Evangelist with his attribute the ox, his statue contained in a niche followed by a scene depicting the visitation. Saint Elizabeth and a servant greet the Virgin Mary. Next, comes a depiction of Jesus washing a disciple's feet with the Annunciation being the last scene shown on the frieze. In the niche in the next buttress is a depiction of Matthew the Evangelist with his attribute, a small boy.
The north face of the calvary.
On the upper surface of the north face, we start on the left with Pontius Pilate sitting on his throne and washing his hands. His servant is preparing the water and a small dog can be seen at his feet. This is followed by two Pharisees who are holding law books and a copy of the written accusation concerning Jesus. Then we see Jesus tied up by four Roman soldiers who are mocking him, this followed by the actual flogging. Jesus is tied to a column and is being whipped by one of the soldiers whilst two others chat and a fourth lays sleeping at Jesus' feet. On the section of frieze below we have Mark the Evangelist, then the circumcision and then Jesus praying in Gethsemane with three of the disciples asleep. Finally, we see Judas holding his purse, Jesus' arrest and St Peter taking out his sword to cut off Malchus's ear.
The church.
The Église Saint-Miliau, the parish church in the Guimiliau enclos paroissial, has a magnificently carved porch dating to 1606-1617 and a 16th-century bell tower in the Beaumanoir style. The ossuary ("Chapelle funéraire") dates to 1648.
References.
 ;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;