Species of plant
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Urceolina amazonica, formerly known as Eucharis amazonica, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Peru. It is cultivated as an ornamental in many countries and naturalized in Venezuela, Mexico, the West Indies, Ascension Island, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Solomon Islands and the Society Islands. The English name Amazon lily is used for this species, but is also used for some other species of the genus "Urceolina".
Description.
An evergreen bulbous perennial, "Urceolina amazonica" grows to tall by broad, with long narrow dark leaves and umbels of fragrant white flowers with six tepals. The stamens are fused at their bases forming a staminal cup in the center of the perianth. The free parts of filaments are subulate and flat. It is a sterile aneutriploid (2n=3x−1=68).
Taxonomy.
The species was introduced to Europe in the summer of 1855 by Marius Porte who discovered it on the banks of the Amazon River near Moyobamba, Peru. Jean Jules Linden named it "Eucharis amazonica" in his greenhouse catalogue of 1856. The Veitch Nurseries followed Linden and labelled their plants of this species as "E. amazonica", but William Jackson Hooker mistook this "nomen nudum" as an unpublished invention and misidentified the Veitch's plants as "E. grandiflora" (namely "Urceolina" × "grandiflora") in 1857. Later in the same year, Jules Émile Planchon formally described "E. amazonica" as a new species and ascribed the name to Linden, but he thought "E. amazonica" and "E. grandiflora" might be conspecific and agreed with Hooker's identification.
Hooker's misidentification and Planchon's ambiguous opinion led the subsequent botanists to treat "E. amazonica" as a synonym of "E. grandiflorum". Although Alan Meerow and Bijan Dehgan in 1984 corrected this mistake, the long-time confusion between the two species has persisted and "U. amazonica" is still frequently misidentified as "U." × "grandiflora". They differ in leaf length, free filament shape, staminal cup length:
In 2018, it was transferred from "Eucharis" to "Urceolina". This placement was confirmed in a 2020 molecular phylogenetic study in which it is shown that "Eucharis" and "Urceolina" are part of a single clade with extensive ancestral reticulation.
Cultivation.
As it is not hardy, it requires a sheltered spot with a protective winter mulch in colder areas. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
References.
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