In mathematics, Hadjicostas's formula is a formula relating a certain double integral to values of the gamma function and the Riemann zeta function. It is named after Petros Hadjicostas.
Statement.
Let "s" be a complex number with "s" ≠ -1 and Re("s")  ; −2. Then
formula_1
Here Γ is the Gamma function and ζ is the Riemann zeta function.
Background.
The first instance of the formula was proved and used by Frits Beukers in his 1978 paper giving an alternative proof of Apéry's theorem. He proved the formula when "s" = 0, and proved an equivalent formulation for the case "s" = 1. This led Petros Hadjicostas to conjecture the above formula in 2004, and within a week it had been proven by Robin Chapman. He proved the formula holds when Re("s")  ; −1, and then extended the result by analytic continuation to get the full result.
Special cases.
As well as the two cases used by Beukers to get alternate expressions for ζ(2) and ζ(3), the formula can be used to express the Euler–Mascheroni constant as a double integral by letting "s" tend to −1:
formula_2
The latter formula was first discovered by Jonathan Sondow and is the one referred to in the title of Hadjicostas's paper.
Notes.
 ;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;