Genus of plants
Tecticornia is a genus of succulent, salt tolerant plants largely endemic to Australia. Taxa in the genus are commonly referred to as samphires. In 2007, the genus "Halosarcia", along with three other Australian genera ("Pachycornia", "Sclerostegia" and "Tegicornia") was incorporated into the genus.
Description.
The species of "Tecticornia" grow as annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs or small shrubs. Stems are branched, glabrous and appear jointed. The opposite leaves are fleshy, glabrous, connate in the lower part and cup-like or collar-like stem-clasping, with minute (0–3 mm long) two-lobed to triangular leaf blades.
The spike-shaped inflorescences consist of opposite bracts, mostly connate and stem-clasping, free in some species. Their blades are cup- or collar-like or deltoid to semi-circular scales. In the axil of each bract, there are three to five (rarely one or seven) flowers, free or sometimes fused to each other, to the bract, and to the inflorescence axis. The flowers are hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. They consist of a 2-3-lobed perianth of connate tepals, one stamen, and an ovary with two stigmas.
In fruit, the perianth remains membranous or becomes crustaceous, spongy, or horny. The fruit wall (pericarp) may be membranous, fleshy, crustaceous, or woody. The seed is disc-shaped or wedge-shaped, its seed coat with smooth or reticulate, tuberculate or longitudinally ribbed surface. The seed contains the curved embryo and copious perisperm (feeding tissue).
Distribution.
All species of "Tecticornia" are distributed in Australia. Only one species, "Tecticornia indica" (Syn. "Halosarcia indica", "Arthrocnenum indicum") has a wider range outside this continent along the tropical coasts of the Indian Ocean to eastern and western tropical Africa.
Systematics.
The first publication of "Tecticornia" was made in 1880 by Joseph Dalton Hooker. The type species of this genus is "Tecticornia cinerea" , which is a synonym of "Tecticornia australasica". "Tecticornia" used to be a small genus with just three species, until in 2007, the genera "Halosarcia", "Pachycornia", "Sclerostegia" and "Tegicornia" were included.
Phylogenetical research of the subfamily Salicornioideae revealed that the "Tecticornia/Halosarcia/Pachycornia/Sclerostegia/Tegicornia" lineage is a sister group of "Sarcocornia/Salicornia".
In 2016, "Tecticornia" comprises about 44 species, eleven species were described recently. (distributions as given by "Australian Plant Census" (2008).
Uses.
Young twigs of "Tecticornia indica" can be cooked and eaten as a vegetable. In Madagascar, they are pickled in vinegar and used as a spice.