Film studio and theme park
Old Tucson (aka Old Tucson Studios) is an American movie studio and theme park just west of Tucson, Arizona, adjacent to the Tucson Mountains and close to the western portion of Saguaro National Park. Built in 1939 for the movie "Arizona" (1940), it has been used for the filming location of many movies and television westerns since then, such as "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" (1957), "Rio Bravo "(1959), "El Dorado" (1966), "Little House on the Prairie" TV series of the 1970s–1980s, the film "Three Amigos!" (1986) and the popular film "Tombstone" (1993). It was opened to the public in 1960 as a theme park with historical tours offered about the movies filmed there, along with live cast entertainment featuring stunt shows, shootouts, can-can shows as well as themed events. It is still a popular filming location used by Hollywood.
Nick C. Hall, "founder" and "mayor" of Old Tucson.
According to historian David Leighton, of the Arizona Daily Star, the person most responsible for the creation of Old Tucson was Nick Hall.
Nick C. Hall, a native of Missouri arrived in Tucson in late 1934 to manage the Santa Rita Hotel, in downtown. He soon
recognized the potential his new hometown had to offer the movie producers of Hollywood particularly in the Western 
genre. He wanted to not only fill guest rooms in his hotel but bring work to the unemployed during the Great Depression.
By 1936, if not earlier, Hall was taking trips to Hollywood in order to entice film companies to
make their movies in the Old Pueblo. He convinced production firms like Pickford-Lasky to shoot "The Gay Desperado" 
and M-G-M Pictures to film "Let Freedom Ring (film)" in town.
His biggest contribution to the Tucson film industry however was connected with the film "Arizona (1940 film)" starring 
Jean Arthur, based on the novel of the same name by Clarence Budington Kelland about pioneer Phoebe Titus in Tucson during the U.S. Civil War. 
In early 1939, Wesley Ruggles, the director of the film and Claude Binyon, the script writer both of
Columbia Pictures, came to Tucson to do historical research for the upcoming filming and stayed at his hotel. This was likely when Hall first learned about the future filming of the movie, "Arizona (1940 film)" then planned to be made in California and likely when he first suggested filming the movie about Tucson in Tucson itself.
After this, Hall worked behind the scenes to carry out his plan to ensure the film was shot in town, which included 
trips to Hollywood to meet with executives of Columbia Pictures. By July 1939, his work had paid off and it was announced that the filming would take place in Tucson and the local newspapers gave full credit to Hall for being responsible for this change in venue 
Hall would assist the production in many ways, from taking care of the cast and crew of the film at his hotel, to chaperoning Columbia crew members to and from the hotel to the future Old Tucson site as it was constructed as a replica of what Tucson looked like in the 1860s, and even acting as public relations person in dealing with the news media.
In August 1939, the cast of the film “elected” Hall the mayor of Old Tucson, half in jest and half in seriousness 
because he had been responsible for bringing the filming of the movie "Arizona (1940 film)" to Tucson, which resulted in the construction of the Old Tucson movie set and in appreciation for taking care of the needs of the cast and crew. A couple months later, Arizona Gov. Robert Taylor Jones proclaimed Hall the honorary mayor of Old Tucson, which at this point was an adobe ghost town since the start of World War II, had delayed the start of filming.
After several months, in April 1940, the cast and crew returned to the Santa Rita Hotel and essentially took it over, setting up production, timekeeping and business offices along with camera dark rooms, cutting rooms and even a projection theater.
The same month, at the official dedication of the Old Tucson movie set, Hall as mayor of Old Tucson presented the key to
the city to Ruggles. A month later, acting in the same role he presided over the opening of the real but temporary Old 
Tucson Post Office. 
After several months of filming it was completed and on Nov. 15, 1940, the world premiere of the movie Arizona occurred in Tucson at four movie houses, Rialto Theatre, State Theatre, Fox Theatre and the Lyric Theatre. 
Nick C. Hall, still to today is considered the honorary mayor of Old Tucson. Mr Hall will be honored by Old Tucson with 
the naming of the Nick C. Hall Ramada, an idea originally conceived by historian David Leighton.
Early history.
Old Tucson was originally built in 1939 by Columbia Pictures on a Pima County-owned site as a replica of 1860s’ era Tucson for the movie "Arizona" (1940), starring William Holden and Jean Arthur. Workers built more than 50 buildings in 40 days. Many of those structures are still standing.
After "Arizona" completed filming, the location lay dormant for several years, until the filming of "The Bells of St. Mary's" (1945), starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman. Other early movies filmed on this set included "The Last Round-Up" (1947) with Gene Autry and "Winchester '73" (1950) with James Stewart and "The Last Outpost" (1951) with Ronald Reagan. The 1950s saw the filming of "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" (1957), "The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold" (1958), "Cimarron" (1960), "Last Train from Gun Hill" (1959), and "Rio Bravo" (1959) among others.
Open to the public.
In 1959, entrepreneur Robert Shelton leased the property from Pima County and began to restore the aging facility. Old Tucson re-opened in 1960, as both a film studio and a theme park. The park grew building by building with each movie filmed on its dusty streets. John Wayne starred in four movies at Old Tucson. "Rio Bravo" (1959) added a saloon, bank building and doctor's office; "McLintock!" (1963) added the McLintock Hotel; "El Dorado" (1966) brought a renovation of the storefronts on Front Street; and with "Rio Lobo" (1970) came a cantina, a granite-lined creek, a jail and a ranch house.
In 1968, a 13,000 square foot (1,208 square meter) soundstage was built to give Old Tucson greater movie-making versatility. The first film to use the soundstage was "Young Billy Young" (1968), starring Robert Mitchum and Angie Dickinson.
The park also began adding tours, rides and shows for the entertainment of visitors, most notably gunfights staged in the "streets" by stunt performers. One of the rides is a narrow gauge railroad powered by two Chance Rides C.P. Huntington train sets, which encircles most of the property.
Old Tucson served as an ideal location for shooting scenes for TV series like NBC's "The High Chaparral" (1967–1971) with Leif Erickson and Cameron Mitchell where the ranch house survived the 1995 fire; the 1970s–1980s series "Little House on the Prairie" with Michael Landon, "Kung Fu", and later "Father Murphy", featuring Merlin Olsen and "Petrocelli" (1974–76) used the site. "Three Amigos" was a popular comedy movie shot there in the 1980s with Steve Martin, utilizing the church set. From 1989 to 1992, the western show "The Young Riders" filmed here and at the Mescal, Arizona sister site. The main street appears prominently in 1990s westerns such as "Tombstone" (1993) with Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer. A partial mirror set exists at Mescal and is featured in "The Quick and the Dead" (1995), with Sharon Stone and Gene Hackman which filmed all of the town of Redemption scenes at the studios.
Fire.
On April 24, 1995, a fire destroyed much of Old Tucson Studios. Buildings, costumes, and memorabilia were lost in the blaze. Among the memorabilia destroyed was the wardrobe from "Little House on the Prairie". Also lost in the blaze was the only copy of a short film about the history of Old Tucson Studios. This film included rare behind-the-scenes footage of stars such as William Holden, John Wayne, and Angie Dickinson. The "Reno", a steam locomotive from the Virginia and Truckee Railroad on static display in the park, was also badly damaged.
Fire control efforts were hampered by high winds. Most of the buildings in the studio were classified as "Temporary Structures," meaning fire prevention devices such as sprinklers were not required. A large propane tank, stashes of black powder used in staging gunfights, and a diesel fuel tank demanded the attention of firefighters and much of the scarce water supply. So much water was used in the attempt to prevent an explosion that the surrounding areas became flooded, further impeding the firefighters as they attempted to wade through the mud. After four hours of firefighting, the flames were extinguished. Damage was estimated to be around $10 million ($15 million in 2013), with 25 buildings destroyed; there were no human casualties.
After 20 months of reconstruction, Old Tucson re-opened its doors on January 2, 1997. The sets that were lost were not recreated; instead, entirely new buildings were constructed, and the streets were widened. The "Reno" locomotive was cosmetically restored before the filming of "Wild Wild West", in which it was featured as Union Pacific 119 in the scene at the driving of the final spike of the First Transcontinental Railroad, but was subsequently used in an explosion in the scene and is in need of additional restoration. The soundstage was not rebuilt. Film production at Old Tucson was seriously affected by the fire. In 2003, Old Tucson reduced its hours of operation, opening from 10am to 4pm. Focusing on seasonal events, Old Tucson hosts the popular Nightfall event for Halloween which runs through the month of October, Wednesday through Sunday nights.
Recent history.
In 2011, Old Tucson embarked on a project to build new movie-quality sets that fill out the park, and restore the pre-fire feel of close-together buildings, providing the look and depth of a genuine old west town circa 1865–1900. “After the rebuild of Old Tucson following the 1995 fire, the town just didn’t have the same look and feel,” says Old Tucson CEO and General Manager Pete Mangelsdorf. “We started discussions with Bob Shelton several years ago to develop a plan to fill the empty space in Town Square with movie-quality sets that bring the magic back.”
The Heritage Square Project, a 5,000-square-foot spread with three new streets lined with 12 new buildings, was completed in November 2011 at an estimated cost of $300,000. The design and construction of the new sets was led by Production Designer Gene Rudolf, credited with creating sets for movies including "Young Guns II" (1990), "The Great Gatsby" (1974), "The Right Stuff" (1983), "Raging Bull" (1980), "Marathon Man" (1976), and "Three Days of the Condor" (1975). The project added dressmaker shops, a general store and a blacksmith, and are part of "living history" presentations. One of the goals of the Heritage Project was to add "more programs that have to do with the different cultural aspects, the Hispanic culture, the Chinese culture, the Native American culture," said Mangelsdorf. Along those lines, another new exhibit now open to the public features a Tohono O'odham village as it would have appeared in the 1860s. It includes traditional houses, a garden and other facets of village life.
On Tuesday, September 8, 2020, Old Tucson, the Western-themed attraction that was the filming location of more than 400 feature-films and TV shows, closed indefinitely, with its future to be determined by Pima County.
The decision to close the Arizona landmark "was made with a heavy heart," according to Old Tucson general manager Terry Verhage, who said in a news release that the theme park would have remained in business "if not for the COVID-19 pandemic."
“We know how important Old Tucson is to our community, guests and employees,” he said. “We did everything possible to keep our loyal fans safe when we were open, but the ongoing COVID-19 public health protocols and restrictions limited park attendance to the point where Old Tucson could no longer stay in business.”
Pima County took over responsibility for the theme park on September 14, 2020, and "will seek ideas from potential operators and lessors about what Old Tucson could be in the future," the news release said.
On August 24, 2021, the locomotive "Reno" was acquired by the revived Virginia and Truckee Railroad