German World War II submarine
German submarine "U-590" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" during World War II.
She carried out five patrols, was a member of six wolfpacks, sank one ship of  GRT and damaged one other of  GRT.
The boat was sunk by depth charges from a US aircraft on 9 July 1943.
Design.
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. "U-590" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri &amp; Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . "U-590" was fitted with five torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.
Service history.
The submarine was laid down on 31 October 1940 at Blohm &amp; Voss, Hamburg as yard number 566, launched on 6 August 1941 and commissioned on 2 October under the command of Heinrich Müller-Edzards.
She served with the 6th U-boat Flotilla from 2 October 1941 for training and stayed with that organization for operations from 1 April 1942 until her loss.
First and second patrols.
"U-590"'s first patrol was from Kiel on 4 April 1942. She headed for the Atlantic Ocean via the gap separating the Faroe and Shetland Islands. The boat arrived in St. Nazaire (from where she would be based for the rest of her career), in occupied France on the 17th.
Her second sortie was to mid-Atlantic but was relatively uneventful.
Third patrol.
"U-590" left St. Nazaire on 11 August 1942 for what was, at 106 days, her longest patrol. By the 28th she had still not left the Bay of Biscay. The boat headed west on 1 September. She steamed south, so that on 14 September she was off Western Sahara. She reached the most southerly point of the patrol (off Sierra Leone and Liberia), on 9 October. The return journey saw her southeast of the Cape Verde Islands on 1 November. She returned to St. Nazaire without any success on 24 November.
Fourth patrol.
The boat had left St. Nazaire on 31 January 1943, but it was not until 11 March that she encountered and damaged the "Jamaica Producer". Although believed sunk, the ship managed to reach port; she was repaired and returned to service in May 1943. This ship survived the war.
Eleven days later (21 March), a crew member broke an arm in mid-Atlantic.
Fifth patrol and loss.
The submarine sank the "Pelotaslóide" near the mouth of the Amazon in Brazil on 4 July 1943. The ship had been waiting for tugs before entering Salinas.
"U-590" was sunk by depth charges, in position , dropped from a US PBY Catalina amphibian from VP-94 on 9 July 1943 near the Amazon Estuary. Forty-five men died with "U-590"; there were no survivors.
Wolfpacks.
"U-590" took part in six wolfpacks, namely:
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