Species of liverwort
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Frullania polysticta is a species of liverwort in the family Frullaniaceae. It is found only in Madeira and the Canary Islands and is considered a vulnerable species.
Distribution and habitat.
"Frullania polysticta" can be found on all islands of both the Madeira and Canary Islands archipelagos. It is widely distributed across Madeira and is similarly frequent on most of the Canary Islands, though it is rarer on Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. It occurs primarily in laurel forests at elevations of above sea level, occurring most frequently above . It typically grows as an epiphyte on the bark of trees, but can also be found on shaded rocks and humid soil amongst leaf litter.
It has been recorded from the Azores, however, these identifications were later determined to be erroneous.
Description.
"Frullania polysticta" is a robust, irregularly branched, mat-forming liverwort that is light green to reddish brown in colour. The shoots measure long and wide. The overlapping leaves are borne on stems measuring in diameter. "F. polysticta" is dioecious, with male and female plants being of similar size.
Ecology.
"Frullania polysticta" can be considered a laurel forest habitat specialist. Known host tree species include "Erica arborea", "Ilex canariensis", "Laurus azorica", "Laurus novocanariensis", "Ocotea foetens", and "Picconia excelsa". It has been recorded growing in association with other bryophytes, including "Dicranum scottianum", "Frullania dilatata", "Frullania azorica", "Frullania teneriffae", "Kurzia trichoclados", "Leucodon canariensis", "Metzgeria consanguinea", "Metzgeria furcata", "Plagiochila bifaria", "Radula lindenbergiana", "Saccogyna viticulosa", and "Sematophyllum substrumulosum", and in association with lichens such as "Anaptychia ciliaris", "Degelia plumbea", "Lobaria pulmonaria", and "Leptogium" species.
"Frullania polysticta" is a long-lived perennial species with an estimated generation length of 11 to 25 years. It is the only known host of "Octosporella microtricha", a species of parasitic fungus.
Conservation status.
"Frullania polysticta" is listed as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature under criterion A3c, based on its decreasing population and observed habitat loss. It is threatened by urbanization, tourism, overgrazing, and climate change. No specific conservation measures are in place to protect this species, however, it is known to occur within protected areas such as Madeira Natural Park.
References.
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