1976 American Civil War board wargame
Terrible Swift Sword: Battle of Gettysburg Game (often abbreviated TSS) is a grand tactical regimental level board wargame published by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) in 1976 that simulates the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. A second edition was published by TSR in 1986. 
Description.
"TSS", with over 1000 counters, is classified as a "monster" wargame; as one of the largest board games ever produced, it often takes longer to play than the actual 3-day battle of July 1–3, 1863. The game's title comes from the third line of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic": "He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword."
Components.
The game box contains:
Gameplay.
Each daylight turn represents 20 minutes of the battle; each night is divided into 8 turns representing 1 hour each. The game includes several scenarios that can be played separately:
Palmer wrote that the one day scenarios take two days of real time to play.
Alternatively the players can simulate the entire battle in the "Grand Battle Game: The Three Days of Gettysburg", which takes 149 turns, requiring about 50 hours of playing time.
When a unit suffers losses, it does so in steps of 100 men. This also affects morale, since each unit is rated for how many strength points it can lose before its Brigade Combat Effectiveness is destroyed. Such a unit cannot initiate melee and is more susceptible to rout. Each side has leaders as well at the Army, Corps and Division level (and the Confederates also have Brigade leaders). Units must stay within a certain distance of their leader in order to move. Leaders also affect morale and are needed for movement and attack; juniors may be promoted to replace dead leaders, often less effectively. The Confederates have better leaders, but the Union forces have more firepower.
Only two units of up to 8 strength points can be stacked on a hex, and only the top unit can fire and take damage.
The game contains rules for team play, in which players may send messages and request face-to-face meetings, but these work best with players who are already competent with the game. Much of the game system derives from "La Bataille de la Moskowa" and from miniatures play, with the effect of different types of rifle being simulated. Cavalry are ineffective on the battlefield (they were used largely for reconnaissance and dismounted defence by that era) and are expensive in victory points if lost.
Each turn begins with a number of phases:
The turn ends with the second player repeating the above steps.
Publication history.
"Terrible Swift Swords" was designed by Richard Berg, with graphic design by Redmond A. Simonsen, and was published by SPI in July 1976 in both double "flat-pack" and "soap box" editions. The game immediately rose to #4 on SPI's Top Ten Bestseller list, and stayed in the Top Ten for the next eight months. Sales of the game reached 30,000 units.
"", a smaller game using the same game system, was also published. This covered the First Battle of Kernstown, in which Stonewall Jackson defeated a Union force superior in numbers and firepower but inferior in morale if ordered to move, let alone fight.
"TSS" was the first of what would become a series of eight SPI wargames about the American Civil War, called "Great Battles of the American Civil War" (GBACW). 
TSR took over SPI in 1982 and republished a number of popular SPI titles in new TSR packaging. This included "Terrible Swift Sword", which was republished with artwork by Larry Elmore in 1986. Like its predecessor, this edition also sold over 30,000 units. 
As a continuation of the "GBACW" series, TSR published the separate American Civil War game "Rebel Sabers: Civil War Cavalry Battles" in 1986. One of the four scenarios, "Dutch Roads", a simulation of a cavalry battle during Gettysburg, can be linked to gameplay during "TSS".
Nearly twenty years after the publication of "TSS", original designer Richard Berg redesigned the game, which was released in 1995 by GMT Games as "The Three Days of Gettysburg", with artwork by Rodger B. MacGowan.
Reception.
In his 1977 book "The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming", Nicholas Palmer called the game "strongly tactical in emphasis, with particularly detailed rules for firing different types of weapons" which "plays smoothly". Palmer concluded, "A magnificent simulation, but far from swift."
In Issue 54 of "Moves", Steve List warned of the "many, many detailed rules" and called the game "dauntingly complex." He concluded by giving the game a grade of B, saying, "beware of the time it takes to play. A solid weekend of diligent activity might suffice to reach a conclusion in a single day scenario, but the whole battle cannot be played out in one sitting."
In "The Guide to Simulations/Games for Education and Training", Martin Campion commented on its use as a classroom aid, saying, "The duration of the grand battle version of this game makes it unlikely that any class could play it in this way, but much can be learned from shorter playings." Campion advised that if the teacher acts as referee and knows the rules, the students don't need to be experts. He further advised "teach the players how to move, how to change formations, and a few other things. Then get started on a series of made-up small battles [...] After three or four short preparatory battles, give them one of the shorter scenarios of Gettysburg to play out."
In the 1980 book "The Complete Book of Wargames", game designer Jon Freeman commented "The game is immense, but so is the enjoyment." He noted "The historical situation provides many opportunities for both players to exercise their initiative in bold strokes of tactical brilliance." Freeman concluded by giving the game an Overall Evaluation of "Very Good", saying, "It's more playable that you would expect of a monster this size. 
Wargame Academy considers "TSS" to be the "patriarch" of all subsequent wargames and computer games about Gettysburg. The game was rated as "simple enough for high playability yet with lots of room for maneuver and player strategy." 
"TSS" was chosen for inclusion in the 2007 book "".
Awards.
At the 1977 Origins Awards, "Terrible Swift Sword" won the Charles S. Roberts Award for "Best Tactical Game of 1976". "TSS" was also a finalist for "Best Graphics and Physical Systems of 1976."
References.
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