Family of flies
The Streblidae are a family of flies in the superfamily Hippoboscoidea, and together with their relatives the Nycteribiidae, are known as bat flies. They are winged or wingless ectoparasites of bats, and often have long legs. They appear to be host-specific, with different species of bat flies occurring only on particular species of bat hosts, sometimes with multiple species of flies sharing a host bat.
Systematics.
The 237 or so species are divided among roughly 33 genera and five subfamilies. The monophyly of this family has not been supported. The streblid subfamily Trichobiinae may be more closely related to the Nycteriboscinae and other lineages in the Nycteribiidae. Several authors favor splitting the family into an Old World lineage consisting of the Ascodipterinae and Nycteriboscinae and a New World lineage containing all other subfamilies. The former would be named Ascodipterinae and the latter would retain the name Streblidae. Alternatively, the Streblidae and Nycteribiidae might be united as a monophyletic family containing all bat flies.
Subfamilies are here listed in presumed order of most ancient to most recently evolved. Selected genera are also given, sorted alphabetically, as too little is known about their interrelationships.
*Genus "Brachytarsina" 
*Genus "Megastrebla" 
*Subgenus "Aoroura"
*Subgenus "Megastrebla" 
*Genus "Raymondia" 
*Genus "Raymondiodes" 
*Genus "Ascodipteron" 
*Genus "Maabella" 
*Genus "Paraascodipteron" 
*Genus "Nycterophilia" 
*Genus "Phalconomus" 
*Genus "Anastrebla" 
*Genus "Metelasmus" 
*Genus "Paraeuctenodes" 
*Genus "Strebla" 
*Genus "Anatrichobius" 
*Genus "Aspidoptera" 
*Genus "Eldunnia" 
*Genus "Exastinion" 
*Genus "Joblingia" 
*Genus "Mastoptera" 
*Genus "Megistopoda" 
*Genus "Megistapophysis" 
*Genus "Neotrichobius" 
*Genus "Noctiliostrebla" 
*Genus "Paradyschiria" 
*Genus "Parastrebla" 
*Genus "Paratrichobius" 
*Genus "Pseudostrebla" 
*Genus "Speiseria" 
*Genus "Stizostrebla" 
*Genus "Synthesiostrebla" 
*Genus "Trichobioides" 
*Genus "Trichobius" 
*Genus "Xenotrichobius" 
*†"Enischnomyia" 
Morphology.
One of the characteristic feature of streblid bat flies is their variable degree of eye reduction. The compound eyes are highly, but variably reduced, with some species containing only rudimentary eye spots. Ocelli are absent in all species. Wing morphology also significantly varies within the family with some species containing fully functional wings, while others contain either reduced (non functional or functional) wings or no wings at all.
Parasites.
Streblid bat flies, which are parasites, are themselves infested by fungi of the order Laboulbeniales; these fungi are thus hyperparasites.
References.
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