Ernst von Herzog (23 November 1834, Esslingen am Neckar – 16 November 1911) was a German classical philologist and archaeologist, who as an expert in the field of Roman epigraphy.
He studied theology and classical philology at the University of Tübingen, and afterwards continued his education at the University of Munich. From 1857 he worked as a tutor in Paris, then studied archaeology at Berlin, followed by research at the German Archaeological Institute in Rome. In 1861 he conducted studies of ancient Roman inscriptions in southern France. In 1862 he obtained his habilitation for classical philology at Tübingen, where in 1867 he became an associate professor, followed by a full professorship in classical philology in 1874. Herzog was a prominent member of the "Reichs-Limeskommission" (German Limes Commission) and of the "Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts" (Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute).
As a result of his scientific research in France, he published a book on the history of Gallia Narbonensis titled ""Galliae narbonensi Commis provinciae Romanae historia descriptio institutorum expositio" (1864). In his studies associated with Limes Germanicus, he conducted archaeological excavations at several sites in Württemberg — Rottenburg am Neckar (1883–84), near Öhringen (1892), and Mainhardt and Jagsthausen (1893).
He was the author of a well-received work on the history and structure of the Roman Constitution, titled "Geschichte und system der Römischen Staatsverfassung" (2 volumes; 1884, 1891). In 1871 he published "Untersuchungen über die bildungsgeschichte der griechischen und lateinischen sprache"" (Studies on the educational history of Greek and Latin languages).
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