Spirits in Buddhist mythology
A ' (Sanskrit) or ' (Pāli) is one of a group of dwarfish, misshapen spirits among the lesser deities of Buddhist mythology.
 was a dialectal form for "gourd", so they may get their name from being thought to resemble gourds in some way, e.g. in having big stomachs. But can also be interpreted as "pot-egg"; since "egg" () was a common euphemism for "testicle", the were imagined having testicles "as big as pots".
The terms and are sometimes used for the same person; in these cases is the more general term, including a variety of lower deities.
The are classed among the Cāturmahārājika deities, and are subject to the Great King Virūḍhaka, Guardian of the South. One of their chiefs is called Kumbhīra.
According to the "Dà zhìdù lùn", greedy officers are reborn as kumbhāṇḍhas.
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