Deep-fried pastry
Twisted doughnuts are yeast donuts or sticks of pastry made from wheat flour or glutinous rice flour, deep-fried in oil. In China, they are known as (); in Korea, they are known as (), and in the Philippines, they are known as and , in Japan, they are known as ().
Around the world.
China.
In Mainland China and Taiwan, twisted doughnuts known as "mahua" () are traditional fried desserts with regional variations. The main ingredients consist of flour, sugar and cooking oil, though salt, honey, nuts and other spices can be added as well. Once twisted into a braided shape, the dough is then fried in peanut oil. The two predominant variants are crispy-outside-fluffy-inside or completely crunchy. The original form was invented in the city of Tianjin and dates back millennia.
Italy.
In Italy it is known as "treccia", sometimes filled with pastry cream and covered with sugar, chocolate and other products.
Japan.
"Sakubei" (索餅/さくべい), derived from the Tang dynasty of China to the Nara period in Japan was transmitted to the Tang confectionery one of noodles that of food, which is also said to have become the father of udon and somen, than rope-like shape also called "muginawa" (牟義縄). It is said that it disappeared in the middle of the Edo period, but it still exists in various places such as Nara, changing into shinko sweets (shinko, shinko dumplings, shinko mochi) (* However, it is now called shinko mochi). Most of them are made using Joshinko instead of wheat flour).
Korea.
Twisted doughnuts are known as "kkwabaegi" () in Korean. The mildly sweet, fluffy, spongy, twisted doughnuts are made with yeasted wheat or glutinous rice flour dough and melted butter. They are deep-fried in oil and coated with sugar and cinnamon powder. It is often an after-school snack.
Philippines.
"Shakoy" or "siyakoy" from the Visayas Islands (also known as "lubid-lubid" in the northern Philippines) uses a length of dough twisted into a distinctive rope-like shape before being fried. The preparation is almost exactly the same as doughnuts, though there are variants made from glutinous rice flour. The texture can range from soft and fluffy to sticky and chewy. Hard and crunchy versions are known as "pilipit". They are sprinkled with white sugar, but can also be topped with sesame seeds or caramelized sugar.
Vietnam.
In Vietnam, it has a variety of name such as , ('twisted-rope doughnut'), ('twisted doughnut'), ('oar rope doughnut'), ('sweet twisted doughnut').
References.
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