Superfamily of wasps
The Cynipoidea are a moderate-sized hymenopteran superfamily that presently includes seven extant families and three extinct families, though others have been recognized in the past. The most familiar members of the group are phytophagous, especially as gall-formers, though the actual majority of included species are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids. They are typically glossy, dark, smooth wasps with somewhat compressed bodies and somewhat reduced wing venation. It is common for various metasomal segments to be fused in various ways (often diagnostic for families or subfamilies), and the petiole is very short, when present.
With the exception of the Cynipidae (the gall wasps), it is a poorly known group as a whole, though there are nearly 3000 known species in total, and a great many species are still undescribed, mostly in the Figitidae. Each of the constituent families differs in biology, though life histories of one of the families (Liopteridae) are still largely unknown. In July 2020, an identification key for the superfamily was published in the journal "Insect Systematics and Diversity", enabling identification to the family level. Several groups formerly included in Cynipidae were elevated to family status in 2023.
 Family †Protimaspidae 
 Family †Stolamissidae 
 Family †Gerocynipidae 
 Family Austrocynipidae 
 Family Paraulacidae 
 Family Diplolepididae 
 Subfamily Diplolepidinae 
 Subfamily Pediaspinae 
 Family Ibaliidae 
 Subfamily †Archaeibaliinae 
 Subfamily Ibaliinae 
 Family Liopteridae 
 Subfamily †Proliopterinae 
 Subfamily †Goeraniinae 
 Subfamily Mayrellinae 
 Subfamily Dallatorrellinae 
 Subfamily Oberthuerellinae 
 Subfamily Liopterinae 
 Family Figitidae 
 Subfamily †Rasnicynipinae 
 Subfamily †Palaeocynipinae 
 Subfamily Charipinae 
 Subfamily Emargininae 
 Subfamily Eucoilinae 
 Tribe Diglyphosematini 
 Tribe Eucoilini 
 Tribe Ganaspini 
 Tribe Kleidotomini 
 Tribe Trichoplastini 
 Tribe Zaeucoilini 
 Subfamily Figitinae 
 Subfamily Mikeiinae 
 Subfamily Aspicerinae 
 Subfamily Anacharitinae 
 Subfamily Pycnostigminae 
 Subfamily Thrasorinae 
 Subfamily Plectocynipinae 
 Subfamily Euceroptresinae 
 Subfamily Parnipinae 
 Family Cynipidae 
 Subfamily †Hodiernocynipinae 
 Subfamily Cynipinae 
 Tribe Aulacideini 
 Tribe Aylacini 
 Tribe Ceroptresini 
 Tribe Cynipini 
 Tribe Diastrophini 
 Tribe Eschatocerini 
 Tribe Phanacidini 
 Tribe Qwaqwaiini 
 Tribe Synergini 
References.
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