This list of "Narcissus" species shows the accepted species names within the genus "Narcissus" (), which are predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil, narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. The list of species is arranged by subgenus and section. Estimates of the number of species in "Narcissus" have varied widely, from anywhere between 16 and nearly 160, even in the modern era. Carl Linnaeus originally included six species in 1753.
Much of the variation lies in the definition of species, and whether closely related taxa are considered separate species or subspecies. Thus, a very wide view of each species, such as Webb's results in few species, while a very narrow view such as that of Fernandes results in a larger number. Another factor is the status of hybrids, given natural hybridisation. There is a distinction between what are referred to as 'ancient hybrids' which are found occurring over a relatively large area, and 'recent hybrids' with a more restricted range and found growing as solitary plants amongst their parents. The former are more often considered as separate species.
Fernandes (1951) accepted 22 species, on which were based the 27 species listed by Webb in the 1980 Flora Europaea. By 1968, Fernandes had accepted 63 species, and by 1990 Blanchard listed 65 species, and Erhardt 66 in 1993. In 2006 the International Daffodil Register listed 87 species. In contrast, the genetic study by Zonneveld (2008) resulted in only 36 species (for list and comparison with Webb, see Zonneveld Table 4).
As of September 2014[ [update]], the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 52 species, along with at least 60 hybrids. Another important source is the Royal Horticultural Society's Botanical Classification and list of botanical names (October 2014) which is the basis of their "International Daffodil Register". This is a searchable list and had 81 accepted names in its October 2014 release.
Table of "Narcissus" species.
Over 300 synonymous species names are listed, reflecting wide variations in how the genus is divided into species. These have been arranged into Sections. These should not be confused with the horticultural classification of cultivars into divisions by the Royal Horticultural Society
Sections (with type species) shown are according to Zonneveld (2008). In addition Mathew (2002) further divides the sections into subsections.
For a list of species by Section according to the Royal Horticultural Society, see the RHS Botanical Classification (updated September 2013), which is the basis of their "International Daffodil Register".
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