This is a list of state leaders in the 2000s (2000–2009) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with limited recognition (when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes "minor" dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 21st century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.
*Jonas Savimbi, President (1979–2002)
*Paulo Lukamba Gato, Interim leader (2002)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–2017)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime minister (2002–2008)
*Paulo Kassoma, Prime minister (2008–2010) 
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Paul Biya, President (1982–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004)
*Ephraïm Inoni, Prime minister (2004–2009)
*Philémon Yang, Prime minister (2009–2019)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Ange-Félix Patassé, President (1993–2003)
*François Bozizé, President (2003–2013)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001)
*Martin Ziguélé, Prime minister (2001–2003)
*Abel Goumba, Prime minister (2003)
*Célestin Gaombalet, Prime minister (2003–2005)
*Élie Doté, Prime minister (2005–2008)
*Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime minister (2008–2013)
*Heads of state (complete list) –
*Idriss Déby, President (1990–2021)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime minister (1999–2002)
*Haroun Kabadi, Prime minister (2002–2003)
*Moussa Faki, Prime minister (2003–2005)
*Pascal Yoadimnadji, Prime minister (2005–2007)
*Adoum Younousmi, Acting Prime minister (2007)
*Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime minister (2007–2008)
*Youssouf Saleh Abbas, Prime minister (2008–2010)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001)
*Joseph Kabila, President (2001–2019)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Antoine Gizenga, Prime minister (2006–2008)
*Adolphe Muzito, Prime minister (2008–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1997–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Isidore Mvouba, Prime minister (2005–2009)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime minister (1996–2001)
*Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime minister (2001–2004)
*Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó, Prime minister (2004–2006)
*Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea, Prime minister (2006–2008)
*Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime minister (2008–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009)
*Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge, Acting President (2009)
*Rose Francine Rogombé, Acting President (2009)
*Ali Bongo Ondimba, President (2009–2023)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime minister (1999–2006)
*Jean Eyeghé Ndong, Prime minister (2006–2009)
*Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime minister (2009–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Miguel Trovoada, President (1991–2001)
*Fradique de Menezes, President (2001–2003)
*Fernando Pereira, Acting President (2003) 
*Fradique de Menezes, President (2003–2011)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime minister (1999–2001)
*Evaristo Carvalho, Prime minister (2001–2002)
*Gabriel Costa, Prime minister (2002)
*Maria das Neves, Prime minister (2002–2004)
*Damião Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (2004–2005)
*Maria do Carmo Silveira, Prime minister (2005–2006)
*Tomé Vera Cruz, Prime minister (2006–2008)
*Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2008)
*Joaquim Rafael Branco, Prime minister (2008–2010)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Pierre Buyoya, President (1996–2003)
*Domitien Ndayizeye, President (2003–2005)
*Pierre Nkurunziza, President (2005–2020)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Azali Assoumani, President (1999–2001)
*Hamada Madi, Acting President (2001)
*Azali Assoumani, President (2001–2006)
*Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President (2006–2011)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister (1999–2000)
*Hamada Madi, Prime minister (2000–2002)
"post abolished"
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001)
*Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime minister (2001–2013)
*Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Negasso Gidada, President (1995–2001)
*Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President (2001–2013)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Meles Zenawi, Prime minister (1995–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002)
*Mwai Kibaki, President (2002–2013)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Raila Odinga, Prime minister (2008–2013)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002)
*Marc Ravalomanana, President (2002–2009)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime minister (1998–2002)
*Jacques Sylla, Prime minister (2002–2007)
*Charles Rabemananjara, Prime minister (2007–2009)
*Monja Roindefo, Prime minister (2009)
*Eugène Mangalaza, Prime minister (2009)
*Cécile Manorohanta, Acting Prime minister (2009)
*Albert Camille Vital, Prime minister (2009–2011)
*Andry Rajoelina, President (2009–2014)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Cassam Uteem, President (1992–2002)
*Angidi Chettiar, Acting President (2002)
*Ariranga Pillay, Acting President (2002)
*Karl Offmann, President (2002–2003)
*Raouf Bundhun, Acting president (2003)
*Anerood Jugnauth, President (2003–2012)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000)
*Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003)
*Paul Bérenger, Prime minister (2003–2005)
*Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (2005–2014)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Pasteur Bizimungu, President (1994–2000)
*Paul Kagame, President (2000–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime minister (1995–2000)
*Bernard Makuza, Prime minister (2000–2011)
*France-Albert René, President (1977–2004)
*James Michel, President (2004–2016)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President (2000–2004)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001)
*Osman Jama Ali, Acting Prime minister (2001)
*Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime minister (2001–2003)
*Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime minister (2003–2004)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President (2004–2008)
*Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe, Acting President (2008–2009)
*Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President (2009–2012)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime minister (2004–2007)
*Salim Aliyow Ibrow, Acting Prime minister (2007)
*Nur Hassan Hussein, Prime minister (2007–2009)
*Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Prime minister (2009–2010)
*Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President (1993–2002)
*Dahir Riyale Kahin, President (2002–2010)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005)
*Jakaya Kikwete, President (2005–2015)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005)
*Edward Lowassa, Prime minister (2005–2008)
*Mizengo Pinda, Prime minister (2008–2015)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
*Heads of state (complete list) –
*Muammar Gaddafi, 
*Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)
*Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1977–2011)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000)
*Imbarek Shamekh, Prime minister (2000–2003)
*Shukri Ghanem, Prime minister (2003–2006)
*Baghdadi Mahmudi, Prime minister (2006–2011)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004)
*Ahmed Nazif, Prime minister (2004–2011)
*Presidents (complete list)
*Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–2019)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–2019)
*Prime Ministers (complete list) –
*Ahmed Benbitour, Prime minister (1999–2000)
*Ali Benflis, Prime Minister (2000–2003)
*Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister (2003–2006)
*Abdelaziz Belkhadem, Prime Minister (2006–2008)
*Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister (2008–2012)
*Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –
*Mohammed VI, King (1999–present)
*Prime Ministers (complete list) –
*Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister (1998–2002)
*Driss Jettou, Prime Minister (2002–2007)
*Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister (2007–2011)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016)
*Prime Ministers (complete list) –
*Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister (1999–2003)
*Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister (2003–2018)
*Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008)
*Ian Khama, President (2008–2018)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012)
*Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004)
*Bingu wa Mutharika, President (2004–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005)
*Armando Guebuza, President (2005–2015)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004)
*Luísa Diogo, Prime minister (2004–2010)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005)
*Hifikepunye Pohamba, President (2005–2015)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002)
*Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime minister (2002–2005)
*Nahas Angula, Prime minister (2005–2012)
*Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008)
*Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri, Acting President (2008)
*Kgalema Motlanthe, President (2008–2009)
*Jacob Zuma, President (2009–2018)
*Kings (complete list) –
*Mswati III, King (1986–present)
*tiNdlovukati (complete list) –
*Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003)
*Paul Shabangu, Acting prime minister (2003)
*Themba Dlamini, Prime minister (2003–2008)
*Bheki Dlamini, Acting prime minister (2008)
*Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (2008–2018)
*Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002)
*Levy Mwanawasa, President (2002–2008)
*Rupiah Banda, President (2008–2011)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Robert Mugabe, President (1987–2017)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime minister (2009–2013)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Mathieu Kérékou, President (1996–2006)
*Thomas Boni Yayi, President (2006–2016)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Blaise Compaoré, President (1987–2014)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime minister (1996–2000)
*Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime minister (2000–2007)
*Tertius Zongo, Prime minister (2007–2011)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President (1991–2001)
*Pedro Pires, President (2001–2011)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Carlos Veiga, Prime minister (1991–2000)
*Gualberto do Rosário, Prime minister (2000–2001)
*José Maria Neves, Prime minister (2001–2016)
*Yahya Jammeh, Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (1994–1996), President (1996–2017)
*Jerry Rawlings, Military head of state (1981–1993), President (1993–2001)
*John Kufuor, President (2001–2009)
*John Atta Mills, President (2009–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Lansana Conté, President (1984–2008)
*Moussa Dadis Camara, President (2008–2009)
*Sékouba Konaté, Acting President (2009–2010)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Lamine Sidimé, Prime minister (1999–2004)
*François Lonseny Fall, Prime minister (2004)
*Cellou Dalein Diallo, Prime minister (2004–2006)
*Eugène Camara, Prime minister (2007)
*Lansana Kouyaté, Prime minister (2007–2008)
*Ahmed Tidiane Souaré, Prime minister (2008)
*Kabiné Komara, Prime minister (2008–2010)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Malam Bacai Sanhá, Acting President (1999–2000)
*Kumba Ialá, President (2000–2003)
*Veríssimo Correia Seabra, Chairman of the Military Committee (2003)
*Henrique Rosa, Acting President (2003–2005)
*João Bernardo Vieira, President (2005–2009)
*Raimundo Pereira, Acting President (2009)
*Malam Bacai Sanhá, President (2009–2012)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Francisco Fadul, Prime minister (1998–2000)
*Caetano N'Tchama, Prime minister (2000–2001)
*Faustino Imbali, Prime minister (2001)
*Alamara Nhassé, Prime minister (2001–2002)
*Mário Pires, Prime minister (2002–2003)
*Artur Sanhá, Prime minister (2003–2004)
*Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime minister (2004–2005)
*Aristides Gomes, Prime minister (2005–2007)
*Martinho Ndafa Kabi, Prime minister (2007–2008)
*Carlos Correia, Prime minister (2008–2009)
*Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime minister (2009–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Robert Guéï, President (1999–2000)
*Laurent Gbagbo, President (2000–2011)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime minister (2000–2003)
*Seydou Diarra, Prime minister (2003–2005)
*Charles Konan Banny, Prime minister (2005–2007)
*Guillaume Soro, Prime minister (2007–2012)
*Charles Taylor, President (1997–2003)
*Moses Blah, President (2003)
*Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the National Transitional Government (2003–2006)
*Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President (2006–2018)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Alpha Oumar Konaré, President (1992–2002)
*Amadou Toumani Touré, President (2002–2012)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime minister (1994–2000)
*Mandé Sidibé, Prime minister (2000–2002)
*Modibo Keita, Prime minister (2002)
*Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani, Prime minister (2002–2004)
*Ousmane Issoufi Maïga, Prime minister (2004–2007)
*Modibo Sidibé, Prime minister (2007–2011)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President (1984–2005)
*Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, Chairman of the Military Council (2005–2007)
*Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, President (2007–2008)
*Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Acting President (2008–2009)
*Ba Mamadou Mbaré, Acting President (2009)
*Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, President (2009–2019)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime minister (1998–2003)
*Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime minister (2003–2005)
*Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime minister (2005–2007)
*Zeine Ould Zeidane, Prime minister (2007–2008)
*Yahya Ould Ahmed El Waghef, Prime minister (2008)
*Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Prime minister (2008–2014)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Mamadou Tandja, President (1999–2010)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime minister (1997–2000)
*Hama Amadou, Prime minister (2000–2007)
*Seyni Oumarou, Prime minister (2007–2009)
*Albadé Abouba, Acting Prime minister (2009)
*Ali Badjo Gamatié, Prime minister (2009–2010)
*Olusegun Obasanjo, President (1999–2007)
*Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, President (2007–2010)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Abdou Diouf, President (1981–2000)
*Abdoulaye Wade, President (2000–2012)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime minister (1998–2000)
*Moustapha Niasse, Prime minister (2000–2001)
*Mame Madior Boye, Prime minister (2001–2002)
*Idrissa Seck, Prime minister (2002–2004)
*Macky Sall, Prime minister (2004–2007)
*Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré, Prime minister (2007–2009)
*Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye, Prime minister (2009–2012)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President (1998–2007)
*Ernest Bai Koroma, President (2007–2018)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President (1967–2005)
*Faure Gnassingbé, President (2005)
*Bonfoh Abass, Interim President (2005)
*Faure Gnassingbé, President (2005–present)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime minister (1999–2000)
*Agbéyomé Kodjo, Prime minister (2000–2002)
*Koffi Sama, Prime minister (2002–2005)
*Edem Kodjo, Prime minister (2005–2006)
*Yawovi Agboyibo, Prime minister (2006–2007)
*Komlan Mally, Prime minister (2007–2008)
*Gilbert Houngbo, Prime minister (2008–2012)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Lester Bird, Prime minister (1994–2004)
*Baldwin Spencer, Prime minister (2004–2014)
"Constituent country 2010–present"
"For details see the Netherlands under western Europe"
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (1992–2002)
*Perry Christie, Prime minister (2002–2007)
*Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (2007–2012)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–2021)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Owen Arthur, Prime minister (1994–2008)
*David Thompson, Prime minister (2008–2010)
*First Secretaries of the Communist Party of Cuba
*Fidel Castro, First secretary (1965–2011)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Fidel Castro, President of the State Council (1976–2008)
*Raúl Castro, President of the State Council (2008–2018)
*Heads of government (complete list) –
*Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008)
*Raúl Castro, President of the Council of Ministers (2008–2018)
"Constituent country 2010–present"
"For details see the Netherlands under western Europe"
*Presidents (complete list) –
*Vernon Shaw, President (1998–2003)
*Nicholas Liverpool, President (2003–2012)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Pierre Charles, Prime minister (2000–2004)
*Osborne Riviere, Acting President (2004)
*Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime minister (2004–present)
*Leonel Fernández, President (1996–2000)
*Hipólito Mejía, President (2000–2004)
*Leonel Fernández, President (2004–2012)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008)
*Tillman Thomas, Prime minister (2008–2013)
*Heads of state (complete list) –
*René Préval, President (1996–2001)
*Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (2001–2004)
*Boniface Alexandre, Provisional President (2004–2006)
*René Préval, President (2006–2011) 
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (1999–2001)
*Jean Marie Chérestal, Prime minister (2001–2002)
*Yvon Neptune, Prime minister (2002–2004)
*Gérard Latortue, Prime minister (2004–2006)
*Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (2006–2008)
*Michèle Pierre-Louis, Prime minister (2008–2009)
*Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime minister (2009–2011)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*P. J. Patterson, Prime minister (1992–2006)
*Portia Simpson-Miller, Prime minister (2006–2007)
*Bruce Golding, Prime minister (2007–2011)
"Constituent country 1954–2010"
"For details see the Netherlands under western Europe"
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Denzil Douglas, Prime minister (1995–2015)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (1997–2006)
*John Compton, Prime minister (2006–2007)
*Stephenson King, Prime minister (2007–2011)
"Constituent country 2010–present"
"For details see the Netherlands under western Europe"
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime minister (1984–2000)
*Arnhim Eustace, Prime minister (2000–2001)
*Ralph Gonsalves, Prime minister (2001–present)
*Presidents (complete list) –
*A. N. R. Robinson, President (1997–2003)
*George Maxwell Richards, President (2003–2013)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Basdeo Panday, Prime minister (1995–2001)
*Patrick Manning, Prime minister (2001–2010)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Said Musa, Prime minister (1998–2008)
*Dean Barrow, Prime minister (2008–2020)
*Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría, President (1998–2002)
*Abel Pacheco de la Espriella, President (2002–2006)
*Óscar Arias, President (2006–2010)
*Francisco Flores Pérez, President (1999–2004)
*Antonio Saca, President (2004–2009)
*Mauricio Funes, President (2009–2014)
*Álvaro Arzú, President (1996–2000)
*Alfonso Portillo, President (2000–2004)
*Óscar Berger, President (2004–2008)
*Álvaro Colom, President (2008–2012)
*Carlos Roberto Flores, President (1998–2002)
*Ricardo Maduro, President (2002–2006)
*Manuel Zelaya, President (2006–2009)
*Roberto Micheletti, Acting President (2009–2010)
*Arnoldo Alemán, President (1997–2002)
*Enrique Bolaños, President (2002–2007)
*Daniel Ortega, President (2007–present)
*Mireya Moscoso, President (1999–2004)
*Martín Torrijos, President (2004–2009)
*Ricardo Martinelli, President (2009–2014)
*Monarchs (complete list) –
*Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)
*Prime ministers (complete list) –
*Jean Chrétien, Prime minister (1993–2003)
*Paul Martin, Prime minister