The 2024 Mexican Senate election was held on 2 June 2024 as part of the 2024 general election. All 128 seats in the Senate of Mexico were up for election, with the winners serving six-year terms in the 66th and 67th Congresses. Those elected for the first time will be eligible for re-election in the 2030 election.
Before the election, the Senate was controlled by the ruling coalition—a bloc of senators from the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), the Labor Party (PT), and the defunct Social Encounter Party (PES)—who held the majority. The ruling coalition formed an electoral alliance called "Sigamos Haciendo Historia", consisting of Morena, PVEM, and PT, with the goal of securing a supermajority to pass outgoing President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's "Plan C," a package of eighteen constitutional amendments. Opposition parties the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the National Action Party (PAN), and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) formed the "Fuerza y Corazón por México" coalition, while Citizens' Movement (MC) participated in the elections independently.
In what many described as a wave election, "Sigamos Haciendo Historia" won 30 of 32 races, securing most of the first-past-the-post seats and making gains in states governed by the opposition, such as Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nuevo León, and Yucatán. Althought it initially fell three seats short of a supermajority, with 83 of the 86 seats required, later defections made up the shortfall.
Background.
Procedure.
The 128 members of the Senate are elected by two methods: 96 are elected in 32 three-seat constituencies based on the country's states and the remaining 32 are elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation. In the three-seat constituencies, two seats are allocated to the party receiving the highest number of votes ("mayoría relativa") and one seat to the party receiving the second-highest number of votes ("primera minoría"). Senators are elected for six-year terms and will serve in the 66th and 67th Congresses.
Senate majorities.
The absolute majority, required for the approval of laws, is 65 seats, while the supermajority (two-thirds), required for constitutional amendments, is 86 seats.
Parties and coalitions.
"Sigamos Haciendo Historia".
"Sigamos Haciendo Historia" ("Let's Keep Making History") is the left-wing coalition comprising the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), the Labor Party (PT) and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM).
The coalition will field common candidates for the Senate in all states except Baja California, Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala. In some of those states, the decision was not due to a breakdown in negotiations but was based on calculations that the parties could take both the first and second places, thus securing a clean sweep of three seats for the coalition.
"Fuerza y Corazón por México".
"Fuerza y Corazón por México" ("Strength and Heart for Mexico") is the opposition coalition, a big tent composed of the National Action Party (PAN), the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
The coalition will field common candidates for the Senate in all states except Guanajuato and Oaxaca.
Citizens' Movement.
In a shift of strategy from the 2012 election (when it allied itself with the PRD and the PT) and the 2018 election (when it joined forces with the PAN and the PRD), the Citizens' Movement party (MC) declined to join either coalition and went into the elections on its own, including the Senate elections in all 32 states.
Aguascalientes.
In 2018, Martha Márquez Alvarado and Juan Antonio Martín del Campo, representing the Por México al Frente electoral alliance, were elected with 35.72% of the vote. Daniel Gutiérrez Castorena, from the Juntos Haremos Historia alliance, secured the first minority seat with 28.67% of the vote.
Incumbent Senator Juan Antonio Martín del Campo and local deputy María de Jesús Díaz Marmolejo were nominated by the Fuerza y Corazón por México coalition. Nora Ruvalcaba Gámez was nominated alongside incumbent Senator Daniel Gutiérrez Castorena by the Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition.
Senators-at-large.
An additional 32 senators-at-large were elected from nationwide lists drawn up by the parties, with the winners allocated among them in proportion to their share of the national vote in the Senate election. The party lists can be found on the website of the National Electoral Institute.
The at-large ("plurinominal") Senate seats were distributed as follows: 
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References.
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