General elections were held in Mexico on 2 June 2024. Voters elected a new president to serve a six-year term, all 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies, and all 128 members of the Senate of the Republic. These elections took place concurrently with the 2024 state elections.
Claudia Sheinbaum, a member of the left-wing political party Morena, was widely regarded by her party as the top contender to succeed President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and ultimately secured the nomination of the ruling coalition, Sigamos Haciendo Historia. Xóchitl Gálvez emerged as the frontrunner of Fuerza y Corazón por México following a surge in popularity due to criticisms from López Obrador. Citizens' Movement, the only national party without a coalition, nominated Jorge Máynez. This was the first general election in Mexico's history in which most contenders for the country's presidency were women.
Sheinbaum won the presidential election by a landslide margin of over 33 points, becoming the first woman and the first person of full Jewish descent to be elected president of Mexico, as well as the first Jewish woman elected head of state in Latin America. The election saw Sheinbaum receiving the highest number of votes ever recorded for a candidate in Mexican history, surpassing López Obrador's record of 30.1 million votes from 2018. Sheinbaum was officially sworn into office on 1 October 2024. 
In the legislative elections, the Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition won a supermajority in the Chamber of Deputies, securing 73% of the seats, the highest share for a party or coalition since 1982. The coalition fell three seats short of a supermajority in the Senate, but defections by the two senators elected for the PRD on 28 August closed the shortfall to one; the supermajority was ultimately secured with the defection to Morena of Cynthia López, elected for the PRI in Mexico City, on 12 November.
Background.
Political background.
In the 2018 elections, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a three-time presidential candidate and founder of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), ran as the candidate of the Juntos Haremos Historia alliance, which included Morena, the Labor Party (PT), and the Social Encounter Party (PES). He won in a landslide, securing 54.71% of the vote and defeating his closest rival, Ricardo Anaya of the Por México al Frente coalition, by nearly 31 percentage points. The Juntos Haremos Historia alliance also secured majorities in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
As president, López Obrador expanded the Mexican welfare state with programs aimed at the elderly and low-income students, significantly raised the minimum wage, and invested heavily in infrastructure projects such as the Tren Maya and the Felipe Ángeles International Airport. He combatted corruption by implementing austerity measures, including salary caps, budget cuts across the government, and the dismissal of numerous government employees. While his administration achieved a reduction in poverty, it faced accusations of democratic backsliding and undermining institutional independence, including frequent attacks on journalists and judges during his morning press conferences and questioning the necessity of independent public agencies such as the INE and INAI. His term was also marked as one of the bloodiest in Mexico's history—although the homicide rate declined, the total number of deaths exceeded those recorded under any previous administration.
During the 2021 elections, party alliances shifted significantly. The National Action Party (PAN), the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) formed a big-tent coalition to challenge Morena's growing dominance. While Juntos Hacemos Historia, a coalition of Morena, the PT, and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), lost its supermajority in the Chamber of Deputies, it achieved significant success in local elections, flipping numerous governorships.
López Obrador remained highly popular throughout his presidency, consistently maintaining a 60% approval rating, making him one of the most popular leaders globally.
Political violence.
Political violence in Mexico typically escalates during election season, with candidates often facing threats, abductions, assaults, or assassinations. While this violence is most common at the municipal level, it can also occur at the federal level.
During the 2021 elections, 102 politicians were killed, including 36 who were nominees or candidates for public office.
By January 2024, before the campaigning period started, multiple aspiring candidates for political office had been killed. The government provided security guards to around 560 candidates and election officials. Around 27,000 personnel of the Armed Forces and National Guard were deployed to secure the electoral process. By May 2024, the candidate death toll had risen to 37.
Electoral system.
The National Electoral Institute (INE) oversees federal elections in Mexico. Its responsibilities include organizing election day logistics, producing and distributing electoral materials, counting votes, and certifying the election results.
Voters must present their voter ID at polling stations to cast their ballots. Voters with physical limitations or disabilities and voters in preventive detention are able to vote in advance, with electoral materials sent to the voter. Mexican citizens residing abroad who maintain their political rights can vote by registering in the Electoral Roll for Citizens Residing Abroad and casting their votes at an embassy, electronically, or by mail.
On 30 April 2024, the INE announced that there were 98,329,591 registered voters in Mexico, 187,388 registered voters abroad, 30,391 registered voters in preventive detention, and 4,002 registered for early voting.
Presidential election.
The president is elected by plurality voting in a single round; there is no provision for a second run-off round. Article 83 of the Mexican Constitution limits the president to a single six-year term, called a "sexenio"; no one who has served as president, even on a caretaker basis, is allowed to run for or serve in the office again. The new president will be sworn in on 1 October.
Legislative elections.
The 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected in two ways: 300 are elected in single-member constituencies by plurality vote, and the remaining 200 are elected by proportional representation in five multi-member districts, with seats divided according to Hamilton's method. No party is permitted to hold more than 300 seats. Deputies are elected for three-year terms and will serve in the 66th Congress.
The 128 members of the Senate are also elected in two ways: 96 are elected in 32 three-seat constituencies based on the country's states and the remaining 32 in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation. In the three-seat constituencies, two seats are allocated to the party receiving the highest number of votes ("mayoría relativa") and one seat to the party receiving the second-highest number of votes ("primera minoría"). Senators are elected for six-year terms and will serve in the 66th and 67th Congresses.
Redistricting.
In December 2022, the INE redistributed the country's 300 electoral districts, making this the first election to occur with the new boundaries. Minor adjustments were also made to the five multi-member constituencies, affecting the states of Hidalgo and Querétaro. ;templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/ ; 
Newly created seats.
Seven new districts were created.
Seats eliminated.
Seven districts were eliminated.
Political parties and coalitions.
Seven national political parties were registered with the INE and were eligible to participate in the federal elections: the National Action Party (PAN), the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), the Labor Party (PT), the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), Citizens' Movement (MC) and the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
The General Law of Political Parties stipulates that national political parties can form coalitions for elections by submitting a coalition agreement to the electoral authority. Parties cannot join coalitions in their first election. All parties were eligible to join a coalition in this election.
Parties that do not reach 3% of the popular vote in either the presidential or legislative elections will lose their registration as a national political party.
Sigamos Haciendo Historia.
Sigamos Haciendo Historia ("Let's Keep Making History") was established on 19 November 2023 as the direct successor to Juntos Hacemos Historia, encompassing the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), the Labor Party (PT), and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM).
Fuerza y Corazón por México.
On 26 June 2023, the leaders of the constituent parties of Va por México, a big tent opposition coalition, announced the formation of Frente Amplio por México ("Broad Front for Mexico"). Comprising the National Action Party (PAN), the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), the grouping was created to select a presidential nominee. 
On 29 August 2023, Dante Delgado, the party leader of Citizens' Movement, ruled out joining Frente Amplio por México.
On 20 November 2023, the grouping registered as a coalition under the name Fuerza y Corazón por México ("Strength and Heart for Mexico"), composed of the same parties.
Presidential candidates.
Sigamos Haciendo Historia.
On 11 June 2023, Juntos Hacemos Historia, the predecessor coalition to Sigamos Haciendo Historia, announced an internal selection process to select a presumptive presidential nominee. To prevent the misuse of power, the coalition required prospective candidates to resign from their government positions before standing for nomination. The selection process was based on five opinion polls, with four conducted by polling firms suggested by the candidates and one conducted by the coalition. The polls were conducted from 28 August to 4 September.
Marcelo Ebrard, secretary of foreign affairs, was the first to register as a candidate, followed by Claudia Sheinbaum, Head of Government of Mexico City. Other candidates included Adán Augusto López, Gerardo Fernández Noroña, Ricardo Monreal, and Manuel Velasco. On 6 September 2023, Sheinbaum was declared the winner and was later confirmed as the presumptive nominee.
On 19 November 2023, the day Sigamos Haciendo Historia was officially registered as a coalition, it designated Sheinbaum as the coalition's presidential nominee. Sheinbaum formally registered her candidacy at the INE on 18 February 2024.
Nominee
Fuerza y Corazón por México.
Frente Amplio por México required prospective candidates to gather 150,000 signatures, including at least 1,000 signatures from 17 of the country's 32 states. The selection process then included a series of polls to narrow the field. The first poll, conducted from 11 to 14 August, aimed to identify the top three candidates. A second poll was scheduled for 27–30 August, contributing 50% of the points needed for nomination, with the remaining 50% determined through an online poll on 3 September.
A total of thirty-three individuals registered for the race, but only thirteen were approved by the grouping. Of those, four candidates successfully gathered the required signatures: Xóchitl Gálvez, Beatriz Paredes, Santiago Creel, and Enrique de la Madrid. During the first poll, Enrique de la Madrid was eliminated. On 21 August, just before the second poll, Santiago Creel withdrew and endorsed Xóchitl Gálvez. In the second poll, Gálvez defeated Paredes by 15 points. On 31 August, the PRI officially endorsed Gálvez, effectively withdrawing its support for Paredes. Later that day, the third poll was cancelled, and Gálvez was confirmed as the presumptive presidential nominee.
On 20 November 2023, the day Frente Amplio por México registered as a coalition under the name Fuerza y Corazón por México, it designated Gálvez as the coalition's presidential nominee. She formally registered her candidacy at the INE on 20 February 2024.
Nominee
Citizens' Movement.
Citizens' Movement's presidential candidate registration period was open from 3 to 12 November. The first person to register was Senator Indira Kempis Martínez, who had previously declared her intention to run for president. Seven others, including Samuel García, governor of Nuevo León, registered in the race. On 12 November, Marcelo Ebrard, who had failed to be selected as the candidate for Sigamos Haciendo Historia, announced he was not seeking the party's nomination, despite being courted by the party.
On 17 November, the party disqualified seven out of eight candidates, leaving only Samuel García. However, on 2 December, García suspended his campaign due to a political crisis in his state over the appointment of an interim governor to replace him. On 9 January 2024, federal deputy Jorge Máynez was nominated as a substitute for Samuel García, with García announcing on social media that Máynez would be the party's next presidential candidate. The next day, Máynez was officially designated as the party's presidential nominee. Máynez formally registered his candidacy at the INE on 22 February 2024.
Nominee
Independents.
The registration deadline for individuals wishing to run for president as independent candidates (i.e. without the backing of a registered party) expired on 7 September 2023.
To formalize their candidacies, independent presidential hopefuls have to collect the signatures of voters endorsing them in an amount equal to 1% of the country's entire electoral roll – a total of over 966,000 – distributed equally across at least 17 of the nation's states, within a period of 120 days.
A total