Gharnati (Arabic: الغرناطي) refers to an Algerian variety of Andalusian classical music originating in Tlemcen. Its name is derived from the Arabic name of the city of Granada. Gharnati has also become an established tradition in other cities in western Algeria, such as Oran and Sidi-Bel-Abbès. In the 20th century it also spread to Morocco after being brought over by Algerian families who moved there fleeing French colonial rule in Algeria, and eventually founding conservatories in cities like Oujda and Rabat.
Features.
Modes.
The modes "(arabic : طبوع : tūbūb')" that are known in the school of Tlemcen are the following:
The nuba.
In Tlemcen, a nuba is a musical composition consisting of an ordered suite of vocal and instrumental pieces built around five movements whose rhythm progresses from very slow to very light and which are divided into two theoretical parts, the first comprising the first three movements "(mṣeddar, bṭāyḥī and derǧ)" and the second, the last two "(inṣirāf and meẖles)".
The structure of a typical nuba:
Nubat əl-inqilābāt.
It is a suite composed of vocal and instrumental pieces (Muwashshah and zajal) in which different modes and rhythmic cycles follow one another (mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb (8/4), mīzān ə-sofyān (7/4), mîzān əl-bašrāf ǧwāb (4/4) and bašrāf qūl (8/4), mîzān əl-Gūbbāḥī (4/4) and mîzān əl-inṣirāf (6/8)).
Slisla.
Slisla refers to a kind of nubat əl-inqilābāt in which pieces (inqilābāt) evolve in the same rhythmic cycle (mīzān), such as "slislet mîzān əl-qṣîd", "slislet mīzān ə-ṣofyān", "slislet mīzān əl-bašraf" or "slislet mīzān əl-inṣirāf". Each slisla begins with a mšālyā and a tūšiyya, and ends with a meẖles.
Qadriyya.
It is a small vocal piece composed in a "mîzān əl-inṣirāf" () often used to close a classical nuba.
Qadriyya-s are found in seven modes including mawwāl, zīdān, ğārkā, raml əl-Māya, ‘Irāq and sīkā.
Notes and references.
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