Local elections were held in Serbia (excluding Kosovo) on 19 September and 3 October 2004, concurrently with the 2004 Vojvodina provincial election. This was the only local election cycle held while Serbia was a member of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
The 2004 local elections were the first regular local elections held in Serbia after the fall of Slobodan Milošević in October 2000, and the voting procedure was significantly different from that used in the previous cycle. Under the prior system, local assembly members were elected by first-past-the-post balloting in single-member constituencies. The 2004 elections were held under a system of proportional representation with a three per cent electoral threshold. Successful lists were required to receive three per cent of all votes, not only of valid votes.
This cycle also saw the introduction of direct election for the mayors in most of Serbia's cities and municipalities (although not in the constituent municipalities of the City of Belgrade, which were exempted). Mayors were elected over two rounds, with the second round of voting taking place on 3 October 2004. The direct election of mayors was subsequently abandoned, and in future election cycles mayors were chosen by the elected members of the local assemblies.
One-third of assembly mandates were assigned to candidates from successful electoral lists in numerical order. The other two-thirds were assigned to other candidates on the same lists at the discretion of the sponsoring parties or coalitions; at least one quarter of the latter mandates were to be assigned to "members of the less represented sex on the list" (which, in practical terms, usually meant that these mandates were reserved for female candidates).
For the newly restructured constituent municipalities of Niš, elections were held for mayors and for members of nine-person municipal councils (rather than municipal assemblies).
The campaign saw growth in support for both the centre-left Democratic Party and the far-right Serbian Radical Party, both of which were at the time in opposition in the republican parliament.
The most closely watched election was that for mayor of Belgrade. In the second round of voting, Democratic Party candidate Nenad Bogdanović narrowly defeated Aleksandar Vučić, who was at the time a member of the Radical Party.
Results.
Belgrade.
City of Belgrade.
The Democratic Party won both the mayoral election and a plurality victory in the city assembly.
Bogdanović died on 27 September 2007. He was replaced on an interim basis by Zoran Alimpić, also of the Democratic Party.
Results of the election for the City Assembly of Belgrade:
The Democratic Alternative list did not receive three per cent of the total vote and so fell below the electoral threshold.
Municipalities of Belgrade.
Municipal assembly elections were held in sixteen of Belgrade's seventeen constituent municipalities. The exception was Barajevo, where a special off-year election had taken place in 2003.
The elections were generally a success for the Democratic Party, which finished first in most municipalities and ultimately attained the mayoralty in eleven. The Radicals won the mayor's offices in Zemun and Surčin, the Democratic Party of Serbia won the mayoralty in Lazarevac, and independents were chosen as mayor in Grocka and Sopot.
Barajevo.
There was no election for the Municipal Assembly of Barajevo in 2004. The previous election had taken place in 2002, and the next took place in 2006.
Čukarica.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Čukarica:
Dragan Tešić of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.
Grocka.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Grocka:
Although the Radicals technically won a plurality victory, the election did not even come close to producing a clear winner, and the next four years saw several changes in the local government.
Blažo Stojanović, elected at the head of an independent list, was chosen as mayor after the election, in an alliance with the Democratic Party, the Democratic Party of Serbia, the Serbian Renewal Movement, the Strength of Serbia Movement, and the Social Democratic Party. The coalition fell apart in mid-2005, and local Radical Party leader Dragoljub Simonović became mayor at the head of a new governing alliance. In late 2005, Stojanović was able to return as mayor with a coalition including the Socialists, the Democratic Party of Serbia, the Serbian Renewal Movement, the Social Democratic Party, and Vladan Zarić's list. The Socialists and the Democratic Party withdrew their support in mid-2007, and Stojanović created a new coalition including the Radicals and Strength of Serbia Movement. One member of Strength of Serbia defected to the opposition in December 2007, leading to a period of confusion in which both the government and opposition claimed to control a majority of seats. This lasted until new local elections took place in May 2008.
Lazarevac.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Lazarevac:
The election did not produce a clear winner. Branko Borić of the Democratic Party of Serbia was subsequently chosen as mayor.
Mladenovac.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Mladenovac:
Incumbent mayor Zoran Kostić of the Democratic Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election.
New Belgrade.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of New Belgrade:
Incumbent mayor Željko Ožegović of the Democratic Party (DS) was confirmed for another term in office after the election, with the support of thirty-eight delegates. Maja Videnović appeared in the eighth position on the DS's list and was automatically elected. Nenad Milenković was also one of the DS candidates elected. 
Parliamentarian Marko Đurišić received the largely honorary sixty-seventh and final position on the DS list and was not given a mandate.
Obrenovac.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Obrenovac:
Although the Radical Party technically won the election, it could not command a majority of seats in the assembly. Nebojša Ćeran of the Democratic Party was selected as mayor.
Palilula.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Palilula:
Danilo Bašić of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.
Rakovica.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Rakovica:
Bojan Milić of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.
Savski Venac.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Savski Venac:
Tomislav Đorđević of the Democratic Party was selected as mayor after the election. A member of the Democratic Party of Serbia was chosen as deputy mayor.
Sopot.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Sopot:
Incumbent mayor Živorad Milosavljević of the "For the Municipality of Sopot" list was confirmed for another term in office after the election.
Stari Grad.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Stari Grad:
Incumbent mayor Mirjana Božidarević of the Democratic Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election. Nemanja Šarović was elected from the first position on the Radical Party's list.
Surčin.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Surčin:
Rajko Matović of the Radical Party was chosen as mayor after the election. After a period of political upheaval, Vojislav Janošević of the Democratic Party became mayor in November 2005.
Voždovac.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Voždovac:
Vračar.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Vračar:
Incumbent mayor Milena Milošević of the Democratic Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election. Her deputy mayor was a member of the Democratic Party of Serbia. Milošević was replaced by Branimir Kuzmanović on 13 June 2006.
Zemun.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Zemun:
Gordana Pop Lazić of the Radical Party was chosen as mayor after the election, with support from the Socialists and the Strength of Serbia Movement. Parliamentarian Vjerica Radeta was elected as a Radical Party delegate.
Andreja Mladenović was elected from the second position on the Democratic Party of Serbia list and served in opposition.
Zvezdara.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Zvezdara:
Milan Popović of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election. Ljubiša Stojmirović of the Radical Party became mayor on 18 February 2005; Popović returned to office on 28 June of the same year.
Aleksandra Tomić appeared in the eighth position on the Democratic Party of Serbia's list. She did not initially receive a seat in the assembly but was given a mandate as the replacement for another party member on 18 February 2005. She was appointed to the municipal council on 28 June 2005 and remained in this role until 2008.
Vojvodina.
North Bačka District.
Local elections were held in all three municipalities in the North Bačka District, and the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians won the mayoralties in all three jurisdictions. In Subotica, the party won a narrow victory over the Democratic Party; in the two other municipalities, candidates of the party won in local alliances with the Democrats.
Subotica.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Subotica:
Bačka Topola.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bačka Topola:
Future parliamentarian Árpád Fremond appeared on the list of the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, although he was not awarded a mandate on this occasion.
Mali Iđoš.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Mali Iđoš:
South Bačka District.
Elections were held in the one city (Novi Sad) and all eleven separate municipalities in the South Bačka District.
The City of Novi Sad comprises two municipalities (the City municipality of Novi Sad and Petrovaradin), although their powers are very limited relative to the city government. Unlike Belgrade, Niš, and Vranje, Novi Sad does not have directly elected municipal assemblies.
The Radical Party performed unexpectedly well in South Bačka, narrowly winning the mayoral contest in Novi Sad and also winning the mayoralties of five other municipalities. The Democratic Party and G17 won two mayoral contests apiece, a candidate of the People's Democratic Party won in Bečej, and independent candidate Branko Gajin won in Srbobran.
Novi Sad.
Results of the election for the City Assembly of Novi Sad:
The Radicals attained a working majority in the assembly with the support of the Socialists and the Democratic Party of Serbia (whose delegates aligned themselves with the Radicals over the objections of the party's leadership).
Former mayor Milorad Mirčić, who had been defeated in 2000, was re-elected to the assembly after receiving the seventh position on the Radical Party's list. Future parliamentarian Nada Lazić, a member of the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, was elected from the third position on the "Together for Vojvodina" list.
Bač.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bač:
Bačka Palanka.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bačka Palanka:
The municipal assembly was not properly constituted after the election, and a new local election was held in December 2005. The Radical Party won fourteen seats in the re-vote, the Democratic Party eight seats, the Socialist Party of Serbia five seats, the Strength of Serbia Movement five seats, the Democratic Party of Serbia four seats, G17 Plus four seats, and the Serbian Renewal Movement two seats.
Bački Petrovac.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bački Petrovac:
Bečej.
The People's Democratic Party merged into the Democratic Party of Serbia in late 2004; Predin did not participate in the merger but instead joined the Strength of Serbia Movement. He was defeated in a recall election in late 2005, and a new mayoral election was held the following year. The latter election was won by Dušan Jovanović of the Democratic Party of Serbia.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bečej:
Beočin.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Beočin:
Srbobran.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Srbobran:
Sremski Karlovci.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Sremski Karlovci:
Temerin.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Temerin:
Future parliamentarian Rozália Ökrész appeared on the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians list but did not receive a mandate.
Titel.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Titel:
Vrbas.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Vrbas:
Žabalj.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Žabalj:
Srem District.
Elections were held in all seven municipalities of the Srem District. In each jurisdiction, the second-round mayoral vote saw a representative of the far-right Serbian Radical Party face a candidate from a centrist party. The Radicals won in Ruma, Šid, and Stara Pazova; a Democratic Party of Serbia candidate won in Sremska Mitrovica, a G17 Plus candidate won in Irig, a Democratic Party candidate won in Pećinci, and a member of the Civic Alliance of Serbia won in Inđija.
Sremska Mitrovica.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Sremska Mitrovica:
Inđija.
Ješić was a member of the Civic Alliance of Serbia in 2004. He left that party to join the Democratic Party in 2006.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Inđija:
Irig.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Irig:
Pećinci.
Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Pećinci:
Ruma.
Results of the election