Tlilpotonqui or Tlilpotoncatzin (died in the year 11 Reed/1503) was the second "cihuacoatl" ('president') of Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
Tlilpotoncatzin was the second son of Tlacaelel and Maquiztzin. His father was a son of the second "tlatoani" ('ruler' or 'king') of Tenochtitlan, Huitzilihuitl. While Tlacaelel never became "tlatoani" himself, as "cihuacoatl" he played a significant role in the creation of the Aztec Empire. His mother was the daughter of Huehue Quetzalmacatzin, king of Itztlacozauhcan in Amaquemecan Chalco. Tlilpotoncatzin succeeded his father as "cihuacoatl" upon his death in the year 8 Reed (1487).
According to the "Crónica mexicayotl" of Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc, composed around 1598, Tlilpotoncatzin was a great, brave warrior. In battle he wore the "quetzalpatzactli", a crest of quetzal feathers.
Tlilpotoncatzin took at least two wives, both from Amaquemecan: Xiuhtoztzin, the daughter of Yaopaintzin, "quauhtlatoani" of Tequanipan Huixtoco; and Quauhtlamiyahualtzin, a noblewoman from Acxotlan Cihuateopan. He fathered fourteen children, eleven males and three females. A son by Xiuhtoztzin, Miccacalcatl Tlatletecuintzin, was installed as the ruler of Tequanipan; and one of his daughters, Tzihuacxochitzin II, married Moctezuma II, and gave birth to Leonor Moctezuma and María Moctezuma.
Tlilpotoncatzin died in the year 11 Reed (1503). He was succeeded by his nephew Tlacaelel II, the son of his elder brother Cacamatzin.
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