The Action of 27 February 1941 was a single ship action between the British cruiser and the Italian ship , an auxiliary cruiser. It began when "Leander" ordered an un-flagged freighter to stop for an inspection. The freighter raised the Italian colours and engaged "Leander" which sank "Ramb" I shortly after. About 150 members of the crew were killed and 100 were rescued and taken to Addu Atoll, thence to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). "Leander" patrolled southwards to investigate more reports of commerce raiders.
Background.
East African Campaign.
In January 1941, British forces simultaneously advanced from Sudan and Kenya into Eritrea, Abyssinia and Italian Somaliland, as the navy blockaded and bombarded Italian harbours. The port of Kismayu in Italian Somaliland was occupied on 14 February and sixteen Italian and German ships there were sunk or captured, except for one vessel. Merka and Mogadishu were occupied on 25 February and several hundred Allied merchant sailors were liberated. As Allied forces closed on Massawa, the Italian Red Sea Flotilla was ordered to break out and run for friendly ports. A group of Italian vessels consisting of the colonial ship "Eritrea" and the auxiliary cruisers (Lieutenant commander Alfredo Bonezzi) and attempted to operate as commerce raiders while en route to Japan. The Italian squadron managed to evade the British blockade on 20 February and scattered into the Indian Ocean, "Ramb" I heading for the Dutch East Indies.
HMS "Leander".
HMS "Leander" was the leader of the of light cruisers, armed with eight guns, ten guns, twelve Vickers machine guns in quadruple mounts and eight torpedo tubes. "Leander" had armour plating over her turrets, deck and magazines and a top speed of .
"Ramb" I.
"Ramb" 1 (3,667 gross register tons [GRT]), was long, wide at the beam, had a speed of and was a refrigerated merchant ship (reefer) built for the (RAMB, the Royal Banana Monopoly Company) in 1933, adapted for naval service as an armed merchant cruiser. "Ramb" I was armed with two guns and eight anti-aircraft machine guns. "Ramb" I was much slower than "Leander", with a maximum speed of . The ship had departed Suez on 10 June 1940 for Massawa on the Red Sea coast, from where the ship made short cruises along the coast of Eritrea but was mainly used for anti-aircraft defence of the port. As British, Commonwealth and Imperial troops neared the port, "Ramb" I and "Coburg" (7,400 GRT), a German freighter, escaped from Massawa on the night of 20/21 February 1941 and passed into the Gulf of Aden. One ship was sighted near the island of Socotra off the Horn of Africa but it was considered too dangerous a location to attack.
Prelude.
Acting on reports of commerce raiders in the area, "Leander" detached from Convoy US 9 off Bombay on 22 February. Passing west of the Laccadive and Maldive islands, to a patrol area west of Huvadhu Kandu (One and a Half Degree Channel). At 7:00 a.m. on 27 February, "Leander" was steaming east, about north of the Equator and west of the Maldives (01° N, 68° 30′ E). Captain Robert Bevan, altered course to the north to head for One and a Half Degree Channel, because news of the capture of Mogadishu in Italian Somaliland (now Somalia) had been received by radio on the previous day. Italian ships in the port might have sailed along that route for the Far East.
Action.
At 10:37 a.m., a ship was sighted ahead and "Leander" increased speed to , gradually overhauling the vessel. As "Leander" closed, a gun was seen on the ship's forecastle and the silhouette of the ship resembled an Italian "Ramb"-class fruit carrier. Leander went to action stations at 11:15 a.m. and when ordered to identify themselves ten minutes later, the crew of the vessel hoisted a British merchant flag. When ordered to give its signal letters, the crew hoisted four letters which were not listed in British signal books. "Leander" made the "secret challenge" but received no reply and the ship maintained its course and speed. A boarding party stood by and at 11:45 a.m., the ship was ordered to stop instantly but no reply was received. A few minutes later, the ship hoisted the Italian merchant flag and trained its guns on "Leander". The cruiser was broad on the beam of the Italian ship and at was an easy target for its guns and torpedoes. At 11:53 a.m., the Italian ship opened fire and thirty seconds later, "Leander" replied. The Italian fire was inaccurate and it was estimated that only about three shells were fired from each gun.
A few shell splinters hit "Leander", which fired five salvos in a minute, then ceased fire to observe results. "Leander" made the flag signal "Do you surrender?", the Merchant flag was seen to be lowered and the crew began to abandon ship. "Leander" had hit the ship several times in the forepart and a fire burned, visible through a large hole in the side. A boat was lowered from "Leander" with a boarding party to try to save the ship and two lifeboats were seen leaving the vessel as other men jumped overboard or scrambled down the side. An Italian officer in the water called out that the boarding party should not approach the ship, as it was burning and laden with ammunition. The boarding party laid off and as the fire spread, a big explosion before the bridge shot flames and smoke high into the sky, the ship settling bows first. As the fire burned, there was another explosion and five minutes later the ship sank under a cloud of black smoke. "Leander" recovered the boarding party and the Italian lifeboats, while edging away.
Aftermath.
About a hundred and fifty Italians were killed in the engagement and a hundred men survived, of whom one man was seriously wounded and four were slightly injured. The seriously wounded man died in surgery during the afternoon and was buried at sunset. The prisoners said that "Ramb" I had been badly damaged by the shell hits and as "Leander" closed, the order to abandon ship had been given. "Leander" proceeded eastwards and arrived at Addu Atoll the next morning. The Italian prisoners were transferred to the oiler with an armed guard of nineteen ratings and an officer; the ship made for Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). "Leander" was sent to investigate indications from wireless direction-finding that Axis ships were in the vicinity of the Saya de Malha Bank, several hundred miles south-east of the Seychelles Islands and north-east of Madagascar. (7,400 GRT) with a prize, "Ketty Brøvig" (7,031 GRT), a Norwegian tanker, which had been captured by the commerce raider "Atlantis" on 2 February 1941, were discovered. The ships were spotted south-east of the Seychelles by a Walrus reconnaissance aircraft from . The ships were scuttled on 4 March 1941 at 04° 50′ S; 56° 00′ E, when "Canberra" and "Leander" approached them.
Footnotes.
 ;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" / ;
References.
 ;templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" / ;