Ferry disaster in Australia
The ferry "Rodney" capsized and sank on Sydney Harbour 13 February 1938 with the loss of 19 lives. The ferry was carrying well-wishers and girlfriends of sailors on the heavy cruiser USS Louisville as it left the Harbour.
Background.
In the early twentieth century, Sydney Harbour had one of the largest ferry fleets in the world. However, the 1932 opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge quickly saw annual patronage fall from a peak of 40 million passengers to 15 million. The largest operator, Sydney Ferries Limited, laid up in excess of a dozen vessels. Ferry operators sought new markets including excursion, concert, and spectator business. Smaller operators including Charles Rosman did quite well in this trade. Many of their smaller single deck ferries were fitted with rails and seating on their roofs for the enjoyment of passengers.
"Rodney" at the time was a new ferry, built in 1937 for the Rosman fleet. She was built by W L Holmes and Co of North Sydney. Her 80 hp Vivian diesel engines could push her to 8 knots. The wooden ferry was 16.9 m long, had a beam of 4.7 m and was 33 tons. She was licensed to carry 211 passengers, 60 upstairs and 151 on the main deck.
In January and February 1938, "Louisville" (CL/CA-28), a , undertook a Pacific goodwill tour which took her to Hawaii, Samoa, Australia, and Tahiti. In the harbour for 18 days, she was one of seven foreign warships in Sydney for the sesquicentenary of the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove.
Capsize and sinking.
On the afternoon of Sunday 13 February, thousands of Sydneysiders came to watch "Louisville" leave for Melbourne. The cruiser with 600 uniformed sailors lining the decks left her berth at Woolloomooloo with a band playing and onlookers cheering. She made her way towards Sydney Heads under the command of Captain Robert Mathewson. Among the scores of vessels following the cruiser down the harbour was "Rodney", skippered by owner Charles Rosman, whose passengers had paid a shilling to see off the American cruiser. "Rodney" had 150 passengers on board, less than its total licensed limit of 211. However, as the ferry drew alongside "Louisville", excited passengers rushed upstairs so that the upper deck was carrying about 100 passengers, well in excess of the upper deck's limit of 60, making the ferry top heavy.
Between Garden Island and Bradleys Head, "Rodney" passengers shouted to the skipper to take the ferry around to the cruiser's port side. As the ferry changed course to pass behind the stern of the larger ship, the crowd rushed over from small ferry's port side to the starboard side giving it a dangerous list. The shift in weight wobbled the ferry precariously in the wash of the "Louisville", and "Rodney" began to capsize with passengers falling down the steeply sloping deck. Passengers spilled into the water and the boat rolled over and sank within a couple of minutes in 15 metres of water.
Passengers grabbed at floating seats or each other to stay afloat. Others had been knocked unconscious and drowned. Passengers on the lower inside deck who could not break windows to escape were taken down to the bottom with the ferry.
Rescue efforts.
The police launch "Cambrai" carrying the police band, gave four sharp whistle blasts in a call for assistance. The Manly ferry, "Barrenjoey" and 20 launches were nearby and came to assist. 16 band members aboard the "Cambrai" jumped into the water to rescue those thrown from the ferry. Seven sailors from the "Louisville" dived from the cruiser before an order for action stations was called. Life jackets, four lifeboats and two motor launches were quickly lowered from the ship.
"Louisville" took 26 survivors on board, 18 of whom were unconscious and taken to the ship's hospital for treatment by a navy surgeon; all but one survived. The "Cambrai's" crew rescued 20 and bandsmen attempted resuscitation on its deck. A large motor cruiser, the "Celere" took on board 15.
Survivors were brought ashore at the Man O'War Steps, adjacent what is now the Sydney Opera House. 12 ambulances ferried 100 people to Sydney and St Vincent's hospitals.
Initially, police had thought 27 had died, however, before morning 8 of the missing had turned up. The final death toll was not confirmed until the ferry was raised from the bottom of the harbour and the bodies of seven of those trapped inside were recovered. 19 people died, of which 17 were women, one was a man and another a seven-year-old boy.
The "Louisville" continued to Melbourne that night. Two days later a ceremony was held on board and a wreath dropped at sea by the ship's seaplane. Some crew flew to Sydney the following Saturday to attend funeral services for victims.
Aftermath.
After re-floating, "Rodney" was refitted and renamed "Regis" and returned to service. On 14 May 1938, the boat was repossessed by the mortgagee but rented by Rosman from June under the name "Regis".  
On 1 May 1939, the High Court of Australia found that the vessel had capsized through negligence. Charles Rosman lost his captain's ticket for three years, although he ran his ferry business into the 1970s. Damages of £200 was awarded to one of the survivors, Laura Nagrint. As part of the ruling, the judge stated that if the fine was not paid within three weeks, the ferry would be put up for sale to cover the costs. "Regis" was put up for auction by the High Court on 27 June but the highest bid of £1,500 was below the assessed value.
Her name was changed again in 1939 to "Regalia" and she continued to serve in the Rosman Ferries fleet, moored at Mosman Bay through to the 1970s or 1980s. She was used on Botany Bay in the 1980s and in 2004 sank in the Georges River off Taren Point and broken up.
Notes.
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