John Topcliffe (died 1513) was an English-born judge who spent much of his career in Ireland, where he held office as Chief Justice of each of the three courts of common law in turn.
Background.
His family took their name from Topcliffe, North Yorkshire, a locality with which he retained close links all his life. It was John who built Topcliffe Hall, a substantial manor house which had largely disappeared by the nineteenth century, and he probably died there.
Career.
He qualified as a proctor (i.e. a lawyer qualified to practice in the ecclesiastical courts), but little more is known of his legal career until 1494 when he was sent to Ireland as Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas, at the request of Sir Edward Poynings, the Lord Deputy of Ireland. This was part of a wider policy of replacing Irish judges, whose loyalty to the Tudor dynasty was suspect, with Englishmen. Two years later he served briefly as Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer before becoming Lord Chief Justice of Ireland later the same year "at the King's pleasure".
Topcliffe explained that since the Abbey's foundation the canons had chosen their own prior. After the last election, however, the Abbot had expelled the "good blessed religious father and prior" who had been the choice of the canons and had the approval of the town authorities also. Topcliffe argued that such defiance of the wishes of the community could not be permitted, or, he warned, "the service of God will not continue". It is unknown whether or not the King replied to this letter. He certainly had no affection for Selskar Abbey, which was suppressed in 1542 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Death and memorial.
Topcliffe died in 1513, apparently at Topcliffe, since he was buried in the nearby church of St. Mary's, Woodkirk. His tombstone recorded his name, offices and date of death, and the usual request that the viewer prays for his soul. It was still clearly visible in 1830, but the local historian William Smith, writing in 1888, noted that renovations to the Church (which were described as "sheer vandalism" by critics) had largely obliterated it.
He was married, though little appears to be known about his wife. He had one daughter and heiress Rose, who in 1512 married Richard Bunny of Bunny Hall, Wakefield (died 1535). They had issue, including the younger Richard Bunny MP (died 1584), who was a political figure of some importance in the north of England in the reign of Elizabeth I, despite a reputation for corruption and mismanagement of Crown funds.
Character.
Local historian William Smith regarded Topcliffe as "a notable personality", and there is no doubt that he enjoyed the confidence of two successive Kings of England. By contrast, Elrington Ball, who admittedly was depending on the evidence of the judge's single known letter to Henry VIII, thought him a simple and pious man, of no great legal ability or strength of character.
References.
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