American attack aircraft
The Curtiss A-12 Shrike was the United States Army Air Corps' second monoplane ground-attack aircraft, and its main attack aircraft through most of the 1930s. It was based on the A-8, but had a radial engine instead of the A-8's inline, water-cooled engine, as well as other changes.
Design and development.
The Model 60 was developed from advancements of the A-8 and the experimental YA-10. However, it became obsolete after a short use period, mainly because of fast-improving aviation technology, as well as the USAAC's desire for multi-engined attack aircraft.
The most obvious difference between the A-12 and the A-8 is the air-cooled, radial engine in the A-12, which replaced the A-8's inline, water-cooled engine. This was a response to the USAAC's move toward a preference for radial engines, especially in attack aircraft. The rationale behind this preference is that the radial engine has a lower profile, making it less vulnerable to ground fire, and a simpler cooling mechanism, which is also less prone to groundfire, as well as overall maintenance problems.
These aircraft retained the open cockpit introduced in the A-8 production batch, and carried the same weapons load. In an attempt to improve pilot/observer co-operation, the rear cockpit was moved forward sufficiently for its glazed covering to form a continuation of the fuselage decking behind the pilot's cockpit.
Nine USAAF A-12s were still in service at Hickam Field on 7 December 1941, but they saw no combat.
Operational history.
On 15 August 1937, during the start of the Sino-Japanese War/World War II in the Battle of Shanghai, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched 45 planes from the fleet aircraft carrier "Kaga" targeting Chinese Air Force assets in the province of Jiangsu surrounding Shanghai; thirteen Aichi D1A1 dive-bombers were unable to find their intended target in Suzhou and so diverted to Jianqiao Airbase instead, but stumbled upon A-12 Shrikes of the 26th and 27th Squadrons of the 9th Attack Group at the Chao'er auxiliary airbase preparing for strikes against Japanese positions in Shanghai, and a dogfight ensued between two unlikely dogfighting opponents: two D1A1s were shot down by the Chinese A-12s, and another badly shot-up D1A1 returned to "Kaga" with a fatally wounded crewman.
A-12s served with the 3rd Attack Group plus the 8th and 18th Pursuit Groups. Surviving Shrikes were grounded just after Pearl Harbor was bombed in December 1941.
Specifications (A-12 Shrike).
"Data from" Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947, The Complete Encyclopedia of World AircraftGeneral characteristics* Crew: 2* Aspect ratio: * Propellers: 3-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance* Endurance: * g limits: * Roll rate: 
Armament
* 4 × forward-firing M1919 Browning machine guns mounted in the wheel fairings
* 1 × machine gun mounted in the observer's cockpit for rear defense* Bombs: Up to 4 × bombs carried under the wings or up to 10 × fragmentation bombs in fuselage chutes either side of the main fuel tank
See also.
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References.
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