It's more than UI that you want to customize.
Shuffling things around, changing colours and such is mostly pointless. It's easier to just learn what to look for, which has the advantage that everybody learns the same thing and so they can easily fill in for each other.
However since it is presumably an exploration ship, it will be encountering unexpected things and it will have to adapt to them. And often these things will be happening too fast for humans to respond, or will be difficult for them to recognize. So the crew will need to:
* define things the sensors should be looking for and
* define automatic reactions to things.
Say you'll encounter this belligerent alien species who have their ships equipped by cloaking device that can however be detected by specific distortion of the background image it causes. So the crew has to be able to configure the sensors to detect this distortion and mark it up as a hostile target. And then they may need to configure the ship so it automatically raises shields and heats up the impulse engine in preparation for evasive manoeuvre, because the ship might be coming in at 5000 km/s and you may only be able to detect it at 10 000 km—no way the tactical officer is able to react before they get in the firing range.
This new logic will often require new UI, but not all that much. 500
There will already be a warning panel and a tactical display showing the detected threats and you'll just be defining new alerts and targets and symbols for them.
All this configuration should be ship-wide. Everybody on the bridge needs to use the same displays and know what all currently defined symbols mean. Therefore the changes should be done with knowledge of all relevant crew members and preferably in their agreement. The captain has the last word, but they should follow good crew resource management practices and address all raised concerns before deciding on the final solution.
Also beware of excessive restrictions. Somebody interfering with controls they should not be touching is a people problem and needs to be solved with rules, training and subordination, not access control. Your crew members need to be able to step in for others who are disabled or just lost situational awareness and are not doing what they are supposed to, even if it means temporarily violating subordination if the situation calls for it. They are well trained professionals; give them some trust.
You'll probably need to have specialized maintenance engineer(s) for this, but then on a long mission you'll need them for fixing other issues with the systems too. 89