The project is far too big for him to do himself. So he needs to automate. If he doesn't start out with the knowledge needed to try the right things, he's going to be stuck; doing research takes an incredibly long time, and he'd need to recreate hundreds of years of work of millions of people.
But let's assume he knows the basics of how semiconductors work, and so on. Very soon he's going to need to build some. But for that he'll need precise machining. So he'd better start by building some machine tools. That's tough to do without regular tools, so he'd better start with metallurgy and so on.
So, he starts with tools and uses them to build machine tools (lathes, etc.) and so on. He might spend thousands of years perfecting the designs to be quick to make with the ore he can dig and burn on his own, so that he can replace parts much faster than the things wear out. (He'd also probably end up favoring more difficult-to-work-with alloys of steel that have superior corrosion resistance just because the ratio of time-to-corrode to time-being-used would be a lot higher than for a normal machine, once his time was spent on other things.)
Then he has to get some sort of really basic semiconductor fabrication facility, and some sort of electricity generation. Hydroelectric power is almost stupidly easy to use: you need some decent wire to wrap around things, and a few permanent magnets would help, and you're off to a start.
So, he's got metal and electricity and knows how to make motors. That's good, because now he can start with dumb automation of things: doors that open and so on. He might not need to bother with batteries yet; he can't walk that far anyway, so just leave power cords everywhere. 159
Normally we'd use plastic to insulate them, but wax paper is far easier to make (or segmented clay wrappers).
Now that he has gotten to this point, if he's managed to remember any physics (I hope he wrote it all down!) he'll hopefully recall how to build a lot of common simple tools for use with electronics: voltmeters and so on. And he'll remember how to grind lenses (pretty simple, actually), and so on. Eventually he'll have a decent set of pretty basic analytical equipment, just enough to get started on semiconductors.
He really, really wants semiconductors, because, made robustly, they can last practically forever.
This would be the hardest part, though: you need to do chemistry to get the right doping agents, you need to have things clean to get good silicon crystal growth, and so on. There might be easier ways, but we haven't really found them. If he put all his effort into making simple circuits that would help him automate things he was doing by hand, he might just be able to bootstrap to the point where he could generate enough computational capacity to do something interesting: having machines designed to build machines that build those same machines and produce semiconductor facilities and so on.
Once you get to the point where you can automatically keep this process going, the man could focus his attention on each area that needs improvement. I'm not sure how many thousands or millions of years it would take one person with largely automatic factories to figure out enough materials science to make components enough tougher so he wasn't spending all his time fixing critical things that broke. Or to figure out programming languages in which he could implement enough artificial intelligence to get the machines to start e.g. selecting sites for mining, instead of him finding them and setting them up.
But eventually, maybe, he would. And then he sort of would be a god, a god of simplistic autonomous machines that would do his bidding to extract resources and eventually put them towards building a spaceship. That would, in all likelihood, not be the hard part, at least if he has time. He's got a whole planet full of resources (and robots) and as much time as he needs to set off rocket after rocket until he works it all out, and if he needs to spend a thousand years to send enough stuff into orbit to sustain him on a journey to another star, who's counting?
(I think 500 years is a serious underestimate, though; I'd expect tens of thousands.)
So, one person with just their own hands and no tools can't reasonably do it. But with machines, they quite possibly can, and one can build machines with one's own hands. 159