I don't think that there's any canon answer for your question but the main difference between <PERSON>'s other horcruxes and <PERSON> is that <PERSON> was an unintended horcrux.
We know that <PERSON>'s soul split when he tried to kill baby <PERSON> because it was highly unstable and that part of it jumped into <PERSON> in a desperate attempt to save itself.
We also know that the process of creating a proper horcrux is very complex and it involves advanced dark magic.
That being said, we can safely assume that the soul fragment that went into <PERSON> did not have the benefit of certain safeguards or abilities that the creator would otherwise implement. We can also assume that <PERSON> would never build horcruxes that would give people some of his powers so <PERSON>'s ability to speak parseltongue is yet another clue that he was not a fully functional horcrux.
I think that <PERSON>'s soul fragment was entangled with <PERSON>'s soul but was almost completely inert. It would "act up" when another part of <PERSON>'s soul would come in close proximity to it or would somehow connect to it.
Edit:
The Harry Potter wiki entry on horcruxes states:
<PERSON> revealed in Pottermore that Prof. <PERSON> served as a temporary Horcrux when <PERSON>'s soul possessed his body during <PERSON> first year at Hogwarts. A notable difference however is that the piece of soul within <PERSON> was able to exist without its container, as it abandoned <PERSON> and left him to die in the Underground Chambers. This is due to it being the "main" soul that serves as the awareness and consciousness of <PERSON>'s psyche.
I think that this implies that any other soul fragment other than the "main" one is not really self aware. We know that they can make some decisions but those are mostly driven by the survival instinct.
There are also inconsistencies in the powers and abilities different horcruxes have:
* <PERSON> diary has the ability to communicate with people and "feed" on their feelings to gain power and form.
* <PERSON> locket can influence feelings and read minds.
* We don't know much about <PERSON> ring other than the fact that it was able to protect itself by means of a powerful curse.
* <PERSON>'s cup and <PERSON>'s diadem seemed rather passive until they were destroyed.
* We don't see any horcrux related behaviour or influences manifested by <PERSON>.
This also leads to the conclusion that any power or ability a horcrux has, other than those that come with the soul fragment, is imbued voluntarily by the creator.
Answer for @tls: I meant to say that any soul fragment would have a survival instinct, or rather a survival reflex, and some very rudimentary sensory abilities but it wouldn't be able to actually do something of consequence unless the owner would give it such abilities. 773
As we can see in the second book, <PERSON> diary is just an "artificial intelligence", wrapped around a soul fragment, that is "trained" to interact with people and "feed" it their energy or feelings, to the point where the soul fragment would be powerful enough to act on its own.
Because of the second book, most people think of horcruxes as potential Voldemorts, sleeping until something triggered them to return to life and full form. In reality, the events of the second book are the result of the ingenuity and creativity that <PERSON> put in the creation of the diary horcrux.
The sole purpose of your everyday horcrux is to act as an anchor for the "main" soul into this world. You can picture them as actual anchors tethered to the original soul. As long as at least one horcurx exists the soul cannot leave this world, no matter what happens to the body. So the truth is that, probably, for an anonymous wizard, more than one horcrux is just overkill. Seven horcruxes don't make you more immortal than just one.
<PERSON> went to such great lengths to create and defend his horcruxes because he was a famous dark wizard and knew that people would go to great lengths to make him go away. That is why he created such special and powerful items. Think about it:
* <PERSON>'s diary had the potential to create another <PERSON> but was offered no obvious protection.
* <PERSON>'s ring didn't do much* but was protected by a very, very powerful curse. 773