This is an attempt to elaborate on <PERSON> answer with a simplified mathematical model and some calculations.
To take a simplified view of a supernova, let’s assume that all of the gravitational binding energy of the star is converted into kinetic energy, radiation, etc during the blast. Assuming that the star has radius $R$, mass $M$, and uniform density $\delta=3M/4\pi R^3$, its gravitational binding energy is equal to $$\frac{3GM^2}{5R}$$ For our sun, this is about $2.3\cdot 10^{41}$ joules. Wow!
Not all of this energy would be directed straight towards Earth. Let’s assume the supernova explodes symmetrically in all directions. Then, by the time this energy reaches Earth, it will be spread out over the surface of a sphere with radius equal to the distance between the Earth and the sun. 921
The fraction of this energy that hits the Earth is approximately equal to $$\frac{\pi R_E^2}{4\pi \text{AU}^2}\approx 4.5\cdot 10^{-10}$$ where $R_E$ is the radius of the Earth and $\text{AU}$ is the Astronomical Unit (distance between the Earth and sun). Thus, the amount of energy received by the Earth is about $$(2.3\cdot 10^{41}\space\text{J})(4.5\cdot 10^{-10})\approx 1.04\cdot 10^{32}\space\text{J}$$ To estimate how much damage that would inflict, let’s calculate the binding energy of the Earth: $$\frac{3GM_E^2}{5R_E}\approx 2.24\cdot 10^{32}\space\text{J}$$ Surprisingly, that’s actually greater than the amount of supernova energy that would reach Earth! This means that the Earth wouldn’t be completely obliterated.
However, as mentioned in <PERSON> answer, it would be very nearly obliterated. Although there wouldn’t be enough energy to completely disintegrate Earth, it would probably rip off the atmosphere and the upper layers of the Earth’s crust. It’s doubtful that your people would be able to dig deep enough underground to protect themselves.
EDIT: According to <PERSON> the comments, my estimate for the energy output of a supernova is off by a factor of $1000$. So if there were any doubts before about whether a human bunker could survive, they can be safely dismissed. 921