Only with proper lighting
Let's have a look at some real life example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVjWF74shEw (Assassination Classroom season 1 episode 1; superspeed, in that case mach 20, is invoked at about 1:08). The obvious issue is, that while the teacher grabs your attention and therefore looks more solid, the boring stationary background is still visible (33% opaqueness, as <PERSON> switches between three positions). Note that the limited frame rate of the camera causes temporal aliasing; if you'd watch this through your own eyes, it would look quite a bit different. You ceiling-fan analogy is valid and correct.
Apart from Assassination Classroom, there are also quite a few amusement parks in the more "western culture" which employ an illusion with "ghosts" which appear out of this air and reappear again a few seconds later. Basically, you look at a dimly illuminated scene (like, for example, a room which looks like it's inside a medieval-age caste) through a pane of glass (which you cannot see). There is another room which you cannot see directly, but the pane of glass is angled in such a way that it the reflection will superimpose the hidden room (typically above or below the track of your ride) onto the obvious room. 538
When the hidden room is dark, no light is reflected, so no mystery there. When the hidden room is illuminated, you will see its reflection, but the stuff in the hissen room will appear semi-transparent superimposed over the obvious room. If you change the relative illumination of the two rooms, you can make the hidden room objects look more substantial (best when the hidden room has 100% illumination and the obvious room is absolutely dark) or less substantial.
However, your question is not about an amusement park ride. The only relevant thing is that you need 0% background illumination together with enough illumination of the object/person/sensei you want to appear solid.
Luckily, there are real-life offices where the fluorescent tubes are powered by three-phase electrical power. If you manage to find spots where the fluorescent tubes illuminating the foreground are at 100% voltage (= 100% power) and the ones illuminating the background are at 50% voltage (= 25% power), the illusion will look more substantial (but still far perfect), assuming your character can sync to the three-phase electrical grid. Next, find the alternate spot where the same is true 1/150 second later (assuming a place in Europe, 1/180 second in the US - assuming real three phase is available at the given place).
Regardless, since these "optimal lighting times" do not switch abruptly, but fade from one to the next, the illusion will suffer even a bit further.
Now, what if you could control background and foreground lighting perfectly? High speed stroboscopes would allow you to do that.
However, if you already that much control of the environment and the situation, hiring a stunt double which looks exactly like the hero might be the way to go. Mainly because the supersonic boom caused by the rapid movements would be quite...annoying, to say the least. 538