D.I.Y 3-Axis Polar CNC Machine
Introduction: D.I.Y 3-Axis Polar CNC Machine
Today I would like to share how to build a 3-Axis Polar CNC Machine at home. Similar to a few of my recent projects, the main materials used for this project are also PVC pipes and broken or discarded materials, hope you guys don't get bored.
Please see the brief description, as well as, how a Polar CNC Machine works in the video below before getting started in detail.
Step 1: Supplies
a. Main materials:
* 1pcs x Arduino Uno R3. (Link Amazon)
* 1pcs x Arduino CNC Shield V3 GRBL. (Link Amazon)
* 3pcs x Stepper Motor Driver A4988. (Link Amazon)
* 3pcs x Stepper motor NEMA 17. (Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x 50 mm L Stepper Motor Support. (Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x GT2 6mm Closed Timing Belt 200mm. (Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x GT2 Timing Pulley 20 Teeth. (Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x GT2 Timing Pulley 60 Teeth. (Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x Round Shaft Diameter 8mm, Length 400mm. (Link Amazon)
* 1pcs x Round Shaft Diameter 8mm, Length 200mm. (Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x 8mm Linear Rail Shaft Clamping Guide Support. 1000
(Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x T8 Lead Screw 2mm Pitch, 8mm Lead , Length 400mm with Copper Nut. (Link Amazon)
* 20pcs x Ball Flanged Shielded Bearings 8 x 22 x 7mm. (Link Amazon)
* 1pcs x Aluminum Flexible Shaft Coupling, Inner Hole Size: 5mm x 8mm. (Link Amazon)
* 1pcs x Power Supply 12/24VDC. (Link Amazon)
* 2pcs x Clear/White Acrylic, size A3, thickness at least 5mm. (Link Amazon)
* 4pcs x Copper Brass Pillars L-5/10mm. (Link Amazon)
* 1 meter x 8P/16P Rainbow Ribbon Cable. (Link Amazon)
* Some small cable ties, cable spiral wrap, M3/M4 bolts and nuts, some paper clips.
b. PVC pipes and its fittings:
* 4pcs x PVC Pipe Elbow Ø42mm.
* 8pcs x PVC Pipe Straight Connector Ø42mm.
* 16pcs x PVC Pipe Tee Ø42mm.
* 2pcs x PVC Pipe Cross Ø42mm.
* 16pcs x PVC Pipe End Cap Ø42mm.
* 2pcs x PVC Pipe End Cap Ø60mm.
* 4pcs x PVC Reducer Ø60mm to Ø42mm.
* 2 meter x PVC Pipe Ø42mm and Ø60mm.
c. Tools:
* Drilling machine with drill bit hole 8/22mm.
* Hand saw.
* Hand grinder.
* Soldering machine.
* Big scissor.
Step 2: Schematic and How It Works
The 3-Axis Polar CNC general configuration is including: three NEMA-17 stepper motors, leadscrew and belt driven system, PVC & acrylic frame and it is controlled by Arduino Uno plus GRBL CNC Shield. Its operation is as follows: one Y axis spin a rotary table, one X axis move linearly forward and backward relative to the centre of rotary table, and one Z axis move linearly up and down to carry out the task, e.g: lift a pen up/down.
The connection is quite simple. My Polar CNC has 3 axes which are called:
* Linear X axis: its stepper motor is connected to X axis header on CNC shield.
* Rotary Y axis: its stepper motor connected to Y axis header on CNC shield.
* Linear Z axis: its stepper motor connected to Z axis header on CNC shield.
The NEXTPCB support me for this project. If you have a PCB project, please visit the NEXTPCB website to get exciting discounts and coupons.
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