Homemade CNC Machine From DC Servo Motors and Wooden Wine Boxes
Introduction: Homemade CNC Machine From DC Servo Motors and Wooden Wine Boxes
Today, I would like to share how to build a 3 axis CNC machine at home using available or discarded materials. Specifically in this project, I reused 2 old DC servo motors and 2 wooden wine boxes, as well as, taking advantage of my daughter's unused school supplies.
Step 1: Supplies
The main materials are used in this project:
* 1pcs x Big Wooden Wine Box, dimension W x L x H x T: 350 x 400 x 80 x 8mm.
* 1pcs x Small Wooden Wine Box, dimension W x L x H x T: 220 x 340 x 100 x 10mm.
* 1pcs x Arduino Uno R3.
* 1pcs x Arduino Mega 2560.
* 1pcs x Arduino CNC Shield V3 GRBL.
* 1pcs x Stepper Motor Driver A4988.
* 1pcs x Arduino L293D Motor Shield.
* 2pcs x DC Servo Motor NISCA NF5475E.
* 1pcs x Old CD/DVD Rom Player Drive.
* 2pcs x 50 mm L Stepper Motor Support.
* 2pcs x GT2 6mm Closed Timing Belt 200mm.
* 2pcs x GT2 Timing Pulley 60 Teeth.
* 4pcs x Round Bar Shaft Rod Diameter 8mm, Length 400mm.
* 2pcs x T8 Lead Screw 2mm Pitch, 8mm Lead , Length 400mm with Copper Nut.
* 1pcs x Aluminum Flexible Shaft Coupling, Inner Hole Size: 10mm x 10mm. It is used to clamp the pen/ pencil.
* 12pcs x Horizontal Ball Bearing Bracket.
* 4pcs x Vertical Ball Bearing Bracket.
* 2pcs x F608ZZ Ball Flanged Shielded Bearings 8 x 22 x 7mm.
* 1pcs x Single/ Double Sided Printed Prototyping Board.
* 2pcs x 2.54mm Pitch 40 Long Pin Single Stackable Shield Female Header.
* 2pcs x Male & Female 40 Pin 2.54mm Header.
* 1pcs x Power Supply 12VDC – 10A.
* 1pcs x Power Supply 5VDC – 5A.
* 3pcs x 5mm DC Jack Male Connector.
* 1pcs x 5mm DC Jack Female Connector.
* 2 meter x 8P Rainbow Ribbon Cable.
* 2pcs x Clear/White Acrylic, size A4, thickness 5mm.
* 1pcs x Black and White Board 2 in 1, A4 Size for Kids. It is used for Y axis plotting surface in my case.
* 8pcs x Copper Brass Pillars L-10mm.
* 16pcs x Small Size Neodymium Magnets.
* 2pcs x Threaded Rod Hangers and Nuts M10 x 500mm. I used threaded bolt to reinforce my CNC frame.
* Some small cable ties, cable spiral wrap, M3/M4 bolts and nuts, some kind of steel supports.
Tools:
* Drilling machine with drill bit hole 20mm.
* Soldering machine.
Step 2: Project Schematic
You can download project schematic in PDF format HERE. 1000
My CNC is built from 2 DC servo motors for X, Y axis and 1 stepper motor for Z axis.
There are 3 groups in the schematic, I'd like to clarify as follow:
* Group 1 - Red: including Arduino Uno with GRBL firmware pre-installed and CNC Shield. Arduino Uno is responsible for sending control signals: STEP/ DIRECTION to DC servo motor driver X, Y and stepper motor driver Z.
* Group 2 - Blue: including Arduino Mega 2560 and L293D Motor Shield which work like a DC servo motor driver. It received commands STEP/ DIR from Arduino Uno and performs P.I.D control for the X and Y axis. The P.I.D setpoint of DC servo motors in this case are STEP plus DIRECTION signals from GRBL firmware.
* Group 3 - Brown: including DC servo motor X, Y. (The stepper motor Z didn't shown on my schematic).
Step 3: NISCA DC Servo Motor
Main DC servo motor NF5475E parameters are marked in red rectangular below:
Notes:
* Motor voltage: 24 VDC, 38 VDC (E-type). In my case, I used 12VDC power supply to the motor because this voltage level is compatible with L293D Motor Shield. 1000