Several notable effects can be envisaged:
1. Wind erosion
Most of the flat land will end up becoming wasteland or desert (the process of natural desertification), with the top soil being blown away and deposited elsewhere (likely ending up in the ocean). Over a long period of time, hills will be worn down, as will any mountains that are not formed from very hard rock, such as granite, and even granite might end up being reduced by the extreme weathering.
2. Dust Storms
Due to the suspended particles of soil in the air, dust storms will be commonplace, and severe air pollution will prevent anyone from breathing normally without some form of filtration mask. Due to this pollution, sunlight will be reduced significantly. Visibility will be poor, and it will be easy to get lost in such conditions.
3. Loss of Surface Vegetation and Animal Life
Due to wind erosion, dust storms, and lack of sunlight, very little surface vegetation will survive. Water sources (rivers, lakes, ponds) will become clogged and tainted. 87
Animals will perish, herbivores being unable to find food and/or drinkable water, and carnivores for lack of prey and water.
Surviving plants and animals will typically be desert plantlife and creatures.
So how would this occur?
1. Water World
A water world will tend to produce superstorms due to the lack of large terrain features to stop such storms from developing to full capacity. On Earth, this can be seen is how the most destructive typhoons and hurricanes develop out in the ocean initially. A classic book that describes such a world is <PERSON> (yes, the guy who wrote 'Game of Thrones') and <PERSON> Windhaven.
2. Impact Winter
Caused by a large asteroid or comet strike on the planet, this is a mass extinction level event, generating the same amount of explosive force as thousands of nuclear bombs. With tremendous amounts of dust thrown into the atmosphere, this would lead to massive destabilisation of weather systems and up to thousands of years of extreme weather, including superstorms.
While the superstorms wouldn't be continual with a single impact, you could have frequent collisions of smaller asteroids setting up a permanent change to the planet's weather systems, causing constant superstorms.
3. Abrupt Climate Change
This occurs when a tipping point in the planet's climate is reached due to pollution or similar causes, creating an irreversible change to the weather. While planetary weather systems tend to be self-correcting, they can eventually be overcome.
The best example of this is The Day After Tomorrow (2004 film), with the linked article above exploring the possibility of it occuring in real life. 258