Plague.
Better termed an epidemic or pandemic. Bubonic plague was the reason the industrial revolution happened in Europe but not in Africa and the Americas. The Black Plague did affect Asia, so I'm not sure how that compares with Europe.
Gunpowder was known but firearms were much inferior weapons to archery. When there is plenty of labor, scribes provide no problem which needs a printing press. Likewise people didn't see a problem with laborious weaving. It took a while after the plague to develop the steam engine but the pressure to use it and other labor saving devices comes from the plague.
The quick drop in population disrupted solutions which relied on plenty of labor. This started our favoring labor saving whenever possible.
More Detail:
On the plus side, repeating the development from the Black Plague has verisimilitude as it actually happened. 1006
On the negative side, it actually happened in our timeline so what makes the new timeline different?
There were earlier plagues in recorded history, including the Plague of Justinian, so you also have to consider how things made the Black Plague the right time to set off the events leading to industrialization.
Before the Black Plague there was the Medieval Warm Period where agriculture flourished into areas previously unable to support it and population swelled. Following that was the Little Ice Age which reversed the success of agriculture, the farm land expanded into failed to be productive and there was much starvation. This made the Black Plague much worse than it might have been because people who grew up during the famine had their immune system compromised at the age where the immune system develops. (See The Great Mortality by <PERSON>.)
Prior to the Renaissance had been the Mongol Empire. By the way, the globalization from that empire was a big factor in triggering the plague pandemic. After the collapse of the Mongol Empire the Renaissance was driven to re-establish eastern trade to return to access to eastern products such as silk and spices.
So looking at factors which brought about the Industrial Revolution in our timeline includes the confluence of drive to re-establish far away trade with the upheaval of the social and political structure (ending Feudalism) from the great die off from famine due to drop in temperature from favorable to unfavorable and from deaths from a pandemic. This led to the Enlightenment, then the Renaissance, then the Industrial Revolution.
As other answers have said, the Industrial Revolution took very big societal factors over centuries, so it might be a struggle to insert into an alternate timeline. It still may be worth considering the above in how it came about in our timeline. 878