Material & methods- Patients, indicated for their first IVF/ICSI treatment cycle at the UMC Utrecht and AZ-VUB Brussels, initially underwent TVS. In case of a normal TVS these patients were scheduled for hysteroscopy in the early-mid follicular phase of the cycle, one to three months before starting IVF/ICSI treatment. Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy was performed in an ambulatory office setting. During the hysteroscopy a biopsy was taken, to diagnose chronic endometrial inflammation. In case of finding a predefined intra uterine abnormality (polyp, myoma, adhesion, septum, endometrial inflammation) randomisation took place if prior to hysteroscopy informed consent had been obtained for endoscopy treatment versus no treatment. Shortly after the hysteroscopy, IVF/ICSI treatment was initiated and outcome during one year treatment period will be recorded.