It is recognized that lesions in some specific neuro-anatomic areas due to brain disease, e.g., stroke or brain tumor, may lead to the development of secondary depression. The possibility of structural brain abnormalities as a cause of depression stimulated the use of structural brain imaging studies. Developments in structural neuroimaging by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the past 15 years facilitated the direct examination of specific brain structures, making the study of the relationship between anatomy and psychopathology is possible.