For analyses, the primary independent variable of interest is receipt of the ECD program. Assuming proper randomization, we anticipate that all factors that might potentially confound the relationships of interest are uncorrelated with receipt of the program. We will compare baseline characteristics between the two groups to assess balance. We will collect data on potential confounders to increase precision, analyze heterogeneity and, if necessary, control for any potential imbalance. Potential confounders include: maternal and paternal education, assets, income and employment, family composition and child gender. We will also control for baseline height-for-age z-score and other baseline child health measures.