Obesity is an epidemic disease with a rapid increase in children and adolescents. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, the prevalence of overweight children doubled between 1976-1980 and 1999-2002 and affected 15 percent of children and adolescents in the United States. Further investigations have shown that obese children and adolescents have a high risk for the persistence of overweight into adulthood, and that morbidity and mortality are higher in those obese adults who became overweight during childhood, compared to those whose weight-gain evolved later in life. A tremendous increase in obesity-related morbidity and furthermore an immense rise in the medical costs associated with it, is to be expected. Growing evidence suggests that obesity in childhood is not only associated with a markedly increased prevalence of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors, but also predicts the development of coronary artery disease and other atherosclerotic complications in adulthood. A 55-year follow-up study showed that overweight in adolescence lead to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular events. This effect is even independent of adult weight. There is evidence, that markers of early yet reversible states of atherosclerosis, such as decreased flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD) and increased intima media thickness (IMT), correlate with measures of body weight and are predictive of cardiovascular disease.