Exclusion criteria were type 1 or type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian disease, BMI <26.5 or weight >300 pounds, weight change >5 pounds in last 6 months, regular exercise >2 hours per week, pregnancy, currently breastfeeding, cholesterol medications, any disorders of glucose or lipid metabolism, use of medication that could affect body composition or glucose metabolism (including oral contraceptives and blood pressure medications), current use of tobacco, use of illegal drugs in last 6 months, history of hypoglycemic episodes, major food allergies or food dislikes, women with inconsistent or absence of monthly menstrual cycles, and a medical history that counter-indicated inclusion in the study.