Nephrolithiasis is a major worldwide source of morbidity, constituting a common urological disease affecting 10-15% of the world population, with a subsequent clinical relapse rate of approximately 50%. Recent technological and surgical advances have reduced the need for open surgery with less invasive procedures, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and retrograde ureteroscopy. The selection of the surgical procedure generally depends on the size, composition, location of the renal stone, the existence of obstruction and anatomical variations of the urinary system. Today, PCNL is the established procedure for stone greater than 2 cm; The procedure usually involves three main stages: it begins with the insertion of a ureteral catheter to perform a retrograde study with contrast medium where the anatomy of the kidney is evaluated, then the puncture is performed by inserting a surgical needle on the skin to the specific location of the stone, with subsequent dilatation of the tract to the collecting system, and once this access has been made it is proceeded to carry out the fragmentation and extraction of the stone through various types of instruments.