Rationale: Pivanex is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that induces tumor differentiation and/or apoptosis. Pivanex has been well tolerated in clinical trials and has shown preliminary evidence of efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Docetaxel is an approved drug for second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Preclinical studies indicate that the combination of Pivanex and docetaxel is synergistic.