In addition to perforation and bleeding, MI and CVA have also been reported after colonoscopy. Cappell studied patients who were already at higher risk for an MI or CVA. He looked at 100 patients who underwent colonoscopy within 30 days after MI and compared them to 100 control patients without MI or unstable angina in the preceding 6 months. He found that while there was a higher rate of minor complications (transient asymptomatic hypotension or bradycardia) in the study group (in which the patients were sicker overall), there was only one major complication after colonoscopy which was probably not due to the procedure13.