Before the patient arrives in the operating room, a small plastic device called a pneumotachograph will be placed in-line between the facemask and the breathing circuit of the anesthesia machine. This allows measurements of airway pressure and volumes to be recorded in an accurate manner and later sent electronically to a computer for analysis. The in-line portion of the device is no larger than a typical circuit connector already used and does not hinder the performance of the anesthesia provider in any way. After routine intravenous induction, once the patient is unresponsive to a jaw thrust patients will be ventilated by facemask for 60 seconds. Breaths will be delivered using the breathing bag of the anesthesia circuit as would otherwise be performed. The airway managers will be asked to follow a treatment algorithm to resolve any difficulty encountered in providing mask ventilation. This algorithm represents common practice. After the initial 60 seconds, the medication to induce muscle paralysis will be given. A nerve stimulator placed on the patients wrist will then be turned on and will indicate when the medication has taken full effect and the patient is paralyzed. During this period of time, approximately 60-90 seconds, with the patients unconscious and apneic, their breathing will be supported as would otherwise be done. Post-paralysis, data collection will again begin and the anesthesia provider will start again breathing for the patient via a facemask as described in figure 2 for another 60 seconds. The operator will be blinded to the display on the ventilator machine, which provides information about the amount of air going in and out of the patients lungs, but will be able to monitor the patient's pertinent vital signs on the anesthesia machine. At all times, one member of the primary anesthesia team will have full access to all monitoring as would normally take place. After this time, the tracheal tube will be placed for the surgery.