Overview of PD-1 inhibition for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC Lung cancer (LC) is the most common malignancy-related death in the United States (causing deaths in ~ 86,380 men and ~71,660 women in 2015. Fifteen percent of LC patients present with Stage I disease, which is treated primarily with surgery, leading to a 5-year survival rate of 54%. Approximately 57% of LC patients are initially diagnosed with metastatic disease (Stage IV) with a corresponding 5-year survival rate of 4.2%.