If our hypothesis is true, the current global health strategy of postpartum vitamin A supplementation to improve vitamin A status of mothers and infants can be made effective just by changing the timing. This will have significant implications for global health policies, with important consequences for infant survival worldwide by improving vitamin A status and reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases during the first 6 months of life. Moreover, results of the study will have important consequences for other micronutrient health programs, such as vitamin A supplementation for children above 6 months of age and iron or zinc supplementation programs, as these are also affected by the acute phase response. Overall, the results of this research will contribute to improving child survival worldwide.