A hospital-based cohorts of HCV-related HCC undergoing surgical resection or RFA from Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Investigated Sites will be recruited as historical controls. The historical controls include HCV-HCC undergoing curative treatment without Peg-interferon plus ribavirin treatment (cohort 1) or with Peg-interferon plus ribavirin treatment (cohort 2) after curative treatment (surgical resection or RFA) for HCC.