Liver cells called hepatocytes undertake the most important metabolic functions of the liver. The liver also contains a large number of immune cells called Kupffer cells. These cells act as a filter removing bacteria and other dangerous substances from the blood passing through the liver. Although we know and understand a great deal about how liver cells behave and function after transplant we have no idea what happens to the immune cells in the liver. These immune cells make up 85% of the total body reserves of these cells and serve an important function by clearing bacteria and bacterial products from the blood. A failure of these cells is associated with risk of infection. Infections, blood clotting disorders and many other serious medical issues are typical for patients suffering from chronic liver failure.