CM Intervention Protocol The 4-month CM intervention on FCGs of PWDs involves 2 home visits, 2 phone calls from the case manager to the dyads, and receiving telephone calls from FCGs during the working hours (Monday through Friday, 9-5). The case manager will target the prioritized risk from the 4 risk areas of FCG problems: depressive symptoms, burden, distress to problematic behaviors of PWDs, and healthy behaviors (Table 1). The intervention mainly consists of 1. needs assessment and nursing education on home environment modification and safety, behavioral management and communication skills(Belle et al., 2006); 2. home-based cognitive stimulation on PWD with simple mathematical practice (Cheng et al., 2013), patient preferred leisure activities (Chiu et al., 2015) and reminiscence by old time photos, stories and toys (Chiu et al., 2013); 3. brief consultation on 4 risk areas related to FCG stress (Belle et al., 2006) and 4. case management to refer the dyads to the hospital-based dementia centers and community resources (Chien et al., 2010). The case manager will assess the recruited dyads at the beginning of the intervention (T0), develop a tailored care plan based on the prioritized risk area of the FCGs and conduct the first home visit in the 1st month to build up a partnership with FCGs, discuss the care plan with the FCGs (and PWDs if possible). Each risk area of each FCG will be dealt with CM components such as education, brief counseling, problem solving and evidence based strategies derived from the Pearlin's theoretical principles. The case manager will teach the FCGs how to implement the home-based cognitive stimulation and cognitive training for PWDs and provide them the daily log for recording these activities and any leisure-time physical activities as well as medical cost. There will be two telephone calls in the 2nd and 3rd months to reinforce the dyads about the taught strategies, collect the log data and remind them the date of the next home visit (4th month). If the problems in each risk area persist until the first phone call, the case manager will discuss this case in a multidisciplinary conference in the participating dementia centers with nurses, social workers, clinical psychologists and neurologists. Then a revised care plan will be developed and additional home visit will be conducted in the 3rd month. If it is necessary, the case manager will refer the dyads to the hospital-based dementia centers, memory clinics or governmental resources. The frequent contacts are to ensure the CM strategies can reflect the changing needs of the FCGs. The definition of compliance is 80% of CM strategies completed by the dyads. The outcome data will be collected after the recruitment in the 4th month (T1), 6th month (T2) and 12th moth (T3) either by home visits or dementia center or memory clinic visits.