Hypersplenism is a clinical syndrome characterized by: (1) Splenomegaly (2) Pancytopenia or a reduction in the number of one or more types of blood cells (3) Normal production or hyperplasia of the precursor cells in the marrow or a so called maturation arrest (4) Decreased red blood cells survival (5) Decreased platelet survival. In hypersplenism, its normal function accelerates, and begins automatically to remove cells that may still be normal in function. It can be classified into three categories: I) Primary hypersplenism; II) Secondary hypersplenism; III) Occult hypersplenism. A number of mechanisms causing hypersplenism have been identified, and mainly involve retention in the spleen, phagocytosis, and autoimmunity.