Fulminant and late-onset hepatic failure (LOHF) is intractable disease with high degree of fatality (70-80%). Only liver transplantation is established as a therapeutic modality to rescue patients with fulminant hepatic failure or LOHF. However, approximately 75% of the patients are not able to receive liver transplantation in Japan, and effective non-surgical treatment has not been established yet. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is one of major agents stimulating liver regeneration and ameliorating hepatic injury.