The objective of this study is to implement a longitudinal prospective birth cohort study in Pakistan to obtain extensive and high-quality information on early-life exposures and health and non-health related outcomes in the first year of life. Concurrent to the design and implementation of this cohort study in Pakistan, similar studies are being implemented in Kenya (Coastal Region Cohort, Lead PI: Dr. Shaun Morris), Brazil (Pelotas Cohort, Lead PIs: Dr. Pedro R.C. Hallal, Dr. Diego G. Bassani and Dr. Mariangela Silveira), and South Africa (Birth to Twenty Cohort, Lead PI: Dr. Shane Norris). The investigators of each project have communicated their intent to align study materials in an effort to increase the ease of future comparisons between findings. This study will therefore be one crucial pillar in a multi-country cross-cohort comparison and presents a unique opportunity to investigate and compare the patterns that shape health and non-health related outcomes in individuals from four distinct regions in the world.