Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm and the third cause of cancer-related death. At initial diagnosis, surgical resection is considered a potentially curative modality for HCC[1, 2], with the five-year survival rates for resectable patients 50-60%, however, only about 15% of patients have resectable disease and post-operative recurrence is common, remaining the main obstacle to long-term survival. On the one hand, the reason may be the multicentric genesis of HCC or the preoperatively micrometastasis that can not be resected during operation. Shi M, et al [3] reported that the appropriate resection margin was >= 2cm. The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) defined[4]: absolute curative resection included liver resection with 1 cm of free surgical margin in patients with solitary tumor <= 2cm; relative curative resection included liver resection without 1 cm of free surgical margin but with the excised tumor tissue in patients with solitary tumor <= 2cm or liver resection with 1 cm of free surgical margin in patients with tumor >= 2cm (in either instance, no tumor thrombus may remain in the portal vein, hepatic vein, or bile duct in images of the remnant liver); relative non-curative resection, in which all macroscopic tumor tissue is removed; and absolute non-curative resection, which is liver resection with part of the macroscopic tumor tissue remaining. Either overall survival rates (OS) or disease-free survival rates (DFS) of HCC patients are higher in curative resection than in non-curative resection[4]. According to this definition, when the giant tumor located in middle liver, tumor with lymph nodes adjacent to abdominal aorta metastasis, multiple lesions (>= 3) or tumor with intrahepatic vessels invasion, the surgery will be non-curative. On the other hand, post-operative adjuvant therapy is one of the most effective treatment strategies in improving the survival rates of HCC patients[5]. Unfortunately, only about 15 randomized controlled trials have been reported on the post-operative adjuvant therapy until now. Most of them were single center, little sample clinical trials.