One of the most troublesome features of AD is its chronic relapsing nature suggesting the need for a long-term therapy of this disease. The common long-term treatment of AD is a reactive treatment approach based on the daily application of emollients accompanied by the application of topical glucocorticoids (TCS) or calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) 'as needed'. However, a new alternative treatment 'proactive therapy' has been proven its effective and well-tolerated to reduce AD relapse in clinical trials and recommended by guidelines.