A concern with the use of glutamate is that it may act as an excitotoxin under certain conditions and participate in events leading to neurological damage. However, brain tissue concentrations of glutamate are more than fifty-fold higher than in blood whereas the dosage used only elevates blood levels three-fold. Neurological outcome has been carefully monitored when intravenous infusions have been used in clinical practice without evidence of adverse effects. No evidence of subclinical neurological injury associated with intravenous glutamate infusion could be detected by the S-100B measurements and no differences in neurological outcome or other adverse events were found in the GLUTAMICS trial.