In 1997, inhaled corticosteroids were shown to increase the risk of nuclear cataracts by 1.5-fold and posterior subcapsular cataracts by 1.9-fold respectively. Besides, high dose ICS use for more than 3 months increased risk of open angle glaucoma with OR 1.44. In 1998, a case control study demonstrated positive association of cataract extraction in elderly ICS users. ICS use of more than 3 years increased cataract by 3-fold in high dose users (> 1mg daily budesonide dipropionate). Whereas low dose use (<1mg daily budesonide dipropionate) for more than 2 years increased cataract by 1.6-fold. Subsequent studies also found increased risk of osteoporosis in long term ICS users.