Placental insufficiency is the main source of the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) caused by one of a variety of factors including chronic placental infections, many maternal diseases, abnormal genome and intravascular trophoblast invasion impairment. Placental insufficiency is responsible for fetal loss in about 40% of all stillbirths and long term neurological deficits. The reduction of blood flow resistance of cerebral arteries in severe IUGR conditions with reduced pulsatility index (PI) in the medial cerebral artery predicts the 11 fold increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, and death. The mean interval from diagnosis of brain sparing of severe IUGR fetuses to delivery has been recently identified by only seven days (ranging 2-15 days).