Agitation is a significant clinical issue in anesthesiology and critical care medicine. Several studies have carried out to survey the epidemics of agitation in post-anesthesia care unit and intensive care unit, and results revealed that agitation had an adverse impact on outcomes. To our clinical experience, agitation can occur in postoperative neurosurgical patients, and is often difficult to manage. However, agitation in this subset of patients is poorly evaluated. In present study, adult patients following craniotomy will be enrolled consecutively, and incidence, risk factor and outcome of emergent agitation will be investigated. The results of the study will provide basic data for prevention and treatment of agitation in postoperative neurosurgical patients.