Multiple studies have linked the rate at which base deficit corrects or lactic acid clears to the likelihood of survival. Accordingly, hemodynamic monitoring can provide vital information concerning cardiovascular function including vascular volume, vascular capacitance, and cardiac performance. Obtaining this information enables clinicians to tailor interventions to target specific components of the cardiovascular system in order to most effectively reverse the cause of tissue hypoxia, elevation in lactic acid, and base deficit, while simultaneously decreasing the likelihood of causing harm through unnecessary or unwarranted changes in management.