Analysis will focus on the physical component summary (PCS) of the SF-36, the Oswestry Neck Disability index, and the major complication rate. The t-test will be used to compare the groups for continuous variables such as the SF-36 PCS and the Oswestry Neck Disability Index. The Chi-square test will be used to compare the group's complication rates. Multiple regression techniques will be applied to control for potential confounders including age, medical condition, number of stenotic levels, degree of lordosis or kyphosis, etc.