Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder for which the diagnosis is biochemical and therapy surgical in the vast majority of cases; in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, surgical treatment is usually chosen when conservative measures fail to control the condition. The previously used surgical approach of bilateral neck exploration is being replaced by minimally invasive procedures, whose advantage is shorter duration of operation and general anesthesia, lower morbidity and fewer complications with comparable success rates.