- Exclusions included 19 cases that received interposition materials that since have been shown to produce unfavorable postoperative inflammatory responses, (Orthadapt Bioimplant, Pegasus Biologics, Irvine, CA and Artimplant Artelon CMC-I Spacer, Small Bone Innovations, LLC, New York, NY), 6 cases that had prior CMC surgery, and 27 cases that underwent concomitant surgeries that would potentially effect outcome.