Attempting to address the issue of definitely establishing the efficacy of rTMS in depression, a large international trial has been recently completed. Conducted by a private TMS manufacturer (Neuronetics Pty Ltd), this involved a randomized trial of HFL-TMS (10Hz) compared to placebo over up to 9 weeks of treatment. The results of this study show the statistically superiority of active over sham rTMS treatment [18]. Currently, the results of this trial are being utilized in support of an FDA application for the Neuronetics device for treatment of depression (M Demitrack, personal communication).