Bioelectrical impedance was measured using the Tanita BC-418 MA scale, with participants standing barefooted on the analyser's footpads, and holding its handles. Fat mass (FM) and muscle mass (MM) were then calculated, using the prediction equation described by Jebb et al. Bioelectrical impedance was chosen due to its ease of use and less invasive nature, making it suitable for assessment of body composition in vulnerable populations such as obese individuals and elderly.