The investigators will use at least two different analytical methods. First, they will conduct a multivariate regression analysis (logit or probit) of each of the four outcome indicators. Along with the main independent variable of interest - birth in an intervention village - the model will include the following covariates: age, sex (whether female), and birth order of the index child, indicators of parental schooling attainment, religion, caste, and household standard of living as measured by quintiles of a composite asset index. All standard errors of regression will be heteoskedasticity-robust and clustered at the village level. The analysis will be conducted (and results reported) for the full sample and separately for the male and female subsamples.