Finally, in 1989, Steele et al. randomized 62 adult patients presenting within 24 hours of injury to a single emergency department with full-thickness intraoral or "through-and-through" lacerations to either treatment with oral antibiotics (penicillin VK for 5 days) or placebo therapy. Among patients treated with penicillin prophylaxis, 6.7% developed wound infection versus 18.8% in the placebo group (RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.08 to 1.63). In a subgroup analysis of patients who were perfectly compliant with therapy by pill counts, there were no infections in the penicillin arm versus 17.9% in the placebo arm (p = 0.054 using two-tailed Fisher exact test). The authors alternatively reported this as a statistically significant finding, using a one-tailed Fisher exact test, which yields a p value of 0.027. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis of "through-and-though" lacerations, 7% (1 out of 14) versus 27% (4 out of 15) of patients developed wound infection in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (RR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.03 to 2.12). Overall the authors conclude that while they cannot conclusively recommend prophylactic penicillin for adults with intraoral lacerations treated within 24 hours of injury, though there may be a trend towards benefit 9. They also suggest that patients with "through-and-through" wounds may benefit proportionally more from prophylaxis.