Study justification In spite a number of studies describing the sensitivity and specificity of various simple tests for diagnosing anaemia(19-21) there are no studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of basic training of heath workers, use of diagnostic tools and assured availability of anaemia treatments, in reducing the burden of chronic anaemia in children and pregnant women in malaria endemic areas of Africa. The cost-effectiveness of current diagnostic tests is not known and this information is needed to guide public health policy.