Tuberculosis disproportionately affects vulnerable populations such as prisoners. According to a review of studies from both high and low-income countries, the prevalence of TB in prisons was 3 to 200-fold higher than in the general population [4,5]. A number of factors such as overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, delayed case detection and the movement of prisoners from site to the site make prisons a high-risk environment for TB transmission [6]. The emergence of drug-resistant TB has also made TB control efforts very complicated in prisons. [7]. If untreated, prisoners with drug-resistant TB will be an additional health hazard for fellow prisoners and staff [8]. Furthermore, TB and resistant forms of TB can spill out into the community and create a public health hazard [9]. In sub-Saharan African prisons, the high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and poverty make the problem much worse [10]. Health care services are also very limited and due to the lack of diagnostic facilities many TB patients remain undetected [11]. In a recent study from a South African prison, for example, the prevalence of undiagnosed TB was reported to be high at 3.5% [12].