. Additionally, the same group reported being able to better characterize the vascularization of the tumor to further clarify the invasiveness of the cancer. Indocyanine Green (ICG) usage has been shown to be safe in a similar clinical setting by the Gotoh group, who used Indocyanine Green (ICG) to detect and characterize bullous and emphysematous lesion of the lung in video assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATS) with Infrared Thoracoscopy that were not previously detectable by white light. Finally, Indocyanine Green (ICG) has been utilized in applications relating to brain tumors. In a rat glioma model, areas imaged using Indocyanine Green (ICG) seemed to correlate to the tumor margin within 1 mm. Although dosing and the timing of administration of Indocyanine Green (ICG) were variable, tumor demarcation was made possible with the use of intraoperative near-infrared imaging of Indocyanine Green (ICG). Since then, Dr. Singhal's group has demonstrated uptake into human lung tumors.