Across the country, Community Health Centers are participating in the Health Disparities Collaboratives sponsored by the Health Services Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). The Health Disparities Collaboratives integrate three complementary conceptual frameworks: 1) the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) Breakthrough Series Model; 2) the Improvement Model (i.e., Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles); and 3) Wagner's Chronic Care Model. The Chronic Care model uses patient self-management, delivery system re-design, decision support, and clinical information systems to maximize the effectiveness of interactions between prepared proactive care teams and informed activated patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, asthma, and depression. The Chronic Care model for depression, also known as Collaborative Care, involves primary care providers working with a depression care team comprising non-physicians (e.g., nurses, pharmacists) and mental health specialists (e.g., psychiatrists). Practice-based collaborative care involves primary care providers working with an on-site depression care team. In contrast, telemedicine-based collaborative care involves primary care providers working with an off-site depression care team using telemedicine technologies. The purpose of this research project is to compare the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of practice-based and telemedicine-based collaborative care in Community Health Centers (without on-site mental health specialists) implementing the Health Disparities Collaborative for depression.