Nutraceuticals Several studies have assessed the effect of dietary interventions on risk factors for CVDs, but there is often lack effectiveness in the long term, mainly due to poor compliance. Research has thus turned its attention to nutraceuticals, nutrients that have the ability to modulate physiological and pathophysiological molecular mechanisms, resulting in favorable health outcomes. Nutraceuticals enhance cardiovascular health through several metabolic pathways as via promoting vasodilatory, anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects]. Of note the extracts of red yeast rice explicate a lowering lipid action through monacolins, a family of naturally occurring statins, especially monacolin K, that is an inhibitor of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA enzyme. Several trials of its possible lipid-lowering effects have been conducted and a meta-analysis [10] assesses the effectiveness and safety of preparations on lipid modification. Nutraceuticals have attracted interest as possible approach to be associated with lifestyle changes for lowering plasma cholesterol levels in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Ruscica and colleagues showed that a 8-weeks treatment with a nutraceutical combination containing red yeast rice extract, berberine, policosanol, astaxanthin, coenzyme Q10, and folic acid was able to reduce significantly total cholesterol (−12.8%) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (−21.1%). These nutraceutical compounds exert their lipid-lowering effect through different ways, like the inhibition of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA enzyme, increasing the hepatic expression of LDL receptor and the LDL degradation via enhanced hepatic binding and internalization. In addition, they up regulate the numbers and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells increasing NO production. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of CARDIOVIS COLESTEROLO 3 mg (containing red rice fermented with Monascus purpureus titrated with 3% monacolin K, hydrol mixture of olive fruit titrated with vitamin E, Coenzyme Q10 and polymethoxyflavones) in terms of cholesterol, endothelial and inflammatory parameters reduction.