This open-label study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of RoActemra/Actemra (tocilizumab) as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other non-biologic DMARDs in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to to current non-biologic DMARD therapy or the first anti-TNF agent. Patients will receive RoActemra/Actemra 162 mg subcutaneously weekly for 52 weeks.