Our primary goal is to generate evidence needed to determine whether clinicians should consider an alternative to the current practice of using risk-based thresholds for invasive testing that would allow all women to make informed choices reflective of their values and preferences. A second goal is to expand PT Tool to include new screening tests and modify it for clinical use by lower literacy populations, so that pregnant women of diverse backgrounds will have accurate and unbiased information about the complex array of testing options, thereby minimizing barriers to and disparities in informed choice.