2. Methods Study design This will be an open label, randomized, non inferiority trial conducted at the Bandim health centre, Guinea-Bissau. Children with uncomplicated malaria who meet study inclusion criteria will be enrolled, randomised to treatment with either AL or DP, treated on site and monitored for 42 days. The follow up will consist of a fixed schedule of check-up visits and corresponding clinical and laboratory examinations. The proportion of children experiencing therapeutic failure during the follow-up period will be used to estimate the efficacy of the study drugs. PCR analysis will be used to distinguish between a true recrudescence due to treatment failure and episodes of re-infection.