The primary outcome is incident clinical fractures as evaluated through annual follow-up using the Danish National Patient Registry. The secondary outcomes are cost-effectiveness, participation rate and patient preferences. The aim of the ROSE study is to investigate the effectiveness of a two-step population based osteoporosis screening programme using FRAX® based on self-administered questionnaire to select women for DXA followed by the standard osteoporosis treatment according to national guidelines and delivered by GPs in the Region of Southern Denmark. Secondary aims are to clarify whether the screening programme is cost-effective and to assess the patients' preferences, experience and acceptance of the screening programme. Moreover, sub-studies allow assessment of the effectiveness of FRAX® alone or combined with individual clinical risk factors in the prediction of fractures and the impact of socioeconomic factors for participation and outcome.