Investigator group has participated in a multicenter randomized trial [11] that compares OTSC to standard therapies in endoscopic management of refractory non-variceal bleeders. OTSC has been shown to be superior in the control of bleeding (30/33 patients, 91% vs. 15/26 patients 57.6%, P=0.005) and is associated with fewer re-bleeding after hemostasis 6/33, 18% vs. 10/26, 38%, P=0.14).