Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been shown to offer relief to patients suffering from emphysema when other treatment options fail. Researchers have continued to refine both technique and patient selection in order to improve outcomes. The objective of lung volume reduction is to eliminate dysfunctional, over-inflated regions of lung. Results similar to surgical removal have been obtained by plication (folding) and stapling without tissue removal. These results suggest that isolation of the dysfunctional lung region can achieve similar results to tissue removal.