In case of persistent fever or a new fever, blood cultures will be collected and CT scans of the chest and the sinuses will be performed. Results of GM will be checked and the patients will be stratified according to the D-index as high, moderate or low risk for IMI. Based on this analysis, antifungal therapy (caspofungin 70 mg day 1 and 50 mg/d thereafter) will be started. In high risk patients (D index ≥ 5,800), the trigger for anti mold treatment will be the presence of any image on CT scan or any positive GM. In the moderate risk (D-index between 3,000 and 5,800), the trigger will be the presence of persistence of a positive GM in consecutive tests. In this stratum, chest CT scan will be defined as indicative of antifungal initiation only in the presence of one of the following: nodules > 1 cm, with or without halo sign, wedge-shaped images, or cavitation. For low-risk patients (D-index <3,000), antifungal treatment will be started only in the persistence of positive GM result in consecutive tests. In situations in which antifungal treatment is not started, reassessment of these parameters will be made at least twice a week with the evaluation of the D-index and biomarkers, and once a week with CT scans. In patients with lung infiltrates, a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) will be taken, provided the patient is not hypoxemic or severely thrombocytopenic and refractory to platelet transfusions. In the presence of findings in sinuses CT scans suggestive of sinusitis, nasal endoscopy will be performed. BAL and sinus aspiration samples will be processed for direct examination, culture, GM and Aspergillus PCR. Other diagnostic procedures will be performed when clinically indicated. Autopsy will be performed in all fatal cases after family authorization. Invasive fungal infection will be classified according to the Revised Definitions from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group [10].