- The study has enrolled 3,700 female partners of the men in groups 1 and 2 above, as well as of 5,000 HIV-negative men enrolled in a complementary NIH-funded study of male circumcision for HIV prevention (U1 AI51171 which is being separately registered). Following informed consent, the women partners are being followed annually to assess the acceptability and safety of male circumcision in female partners, and potential effects of male circumcision on HIV and STD acquisition. The hypotheses are that male circumcision will be acceptable to and safe in women partners, and will reduce the acquisition of HIV and STDs such as HSV-2 and HPV (human papilloma virus which causes cervical cancer.)