DHA, which is an omega-3 LCPUFA is derived from algae and oily fish is the pre-dominant fatty acid of membrane phospholipids in the brain grey matter and the retina, especially its rod outer segments. DHA is not merely a structural component of cell membranes but essential for proper function of membranes. Since the capacity to synthesize DHA is limited in humans and especially in infants, it needs to be provided in the diet. Dietary DHA is needed for optimal functional maturation of the retina and visual cortex, it is a major component at the synaptic site, modulating the uptake and release of neurotransmitters. Absolute accretion of DHA in the brain is greater before than after term and DHA is also accumulated in adipose tissue. In addition, omega-3 LCPUFA has the potential to reduce oxidative stress, deranged glucose metabolism and inflammation.