B. Correlate mp-MRI measures of placental structure and perfusion throughout gestation with pregnancy outcomes, post-parturient assessment of placental weight, pathology, and neonatal outcomes. These studies will establish the impact of environmental pollution on placental structure and function, and related pregnancy outcomes, with obstetric and neonatal practices embracing surveillance tactics based on the residential location of pregnant women and their offspring. In addition, the proposed research will establish the potential for early recognition of placental insufficiency, thereby staging future strategies of preventive and interventional therapies targeting reversal before encountering detrimental consequences.