- Evidence of an infection indicated by any one of the following: fever > 101°F, white blood cell (WBC) count < 3500/μL or > 13000/μL, positive blood culture, positive chest X-ray. A positive urine culture (> 10^5 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) leads to exclusion unless acute cystitis is the sole cause. Evidence of infection along the planned surgical path. A WBC count of < 20000/μL is permitted if the patient is being treated with steroids in the absence of all the other infection parameters.