It is now well documented that alcohol and tobacco reduce the effectiveness of a treatment, increase the side effects, favor the recurrence and/or secondary cancers and affects the quality of life of patients treated for cancer, including breast cancer. The announcement of the disease could create a window of opportunity for change in lifestyle for patients. The 2014-2019 French Cancer Plan emphasizes the need for the implementation of prevention and risk reduction related to alcohol and tobacco. A screening, brief motivational and referral to treatment program, specifically dedicated to oncology can be public health approach aiming to reduce the harmful consequences of substance misuse and improving the prognosis and quality of life of consumers at risk.