Historically, respiratory insufficiency and respiratory failure have been frequent sources of morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. Intubation for invasive mechanical ventilation has been a life-saving therapy for many of these patients, but is not without risks. These risks include pulmonary complications such as volutrauma, extrapulmonary air leak syndromes, and traumatic injury to the large airways; non-pulmonary complications such as retinopathy of prematurity; and long-term complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia [Miller, Badiee]. Concern over these effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation has led to the development of non-invasive forms of respiratory support.