- Participants will be male and female patients, over 18 years of age, who undergo abdominal surgeries (prostatectomies and hysterectomies) and who do not have preexisting pulmonary diseases. They will be approached in the room prior to surgery, at which time the purpose of the research will be explained, besides making clear that it will not entail costs and so little any injury, scar, or damage. If accepted by the patient, the consent form will be applied.