Typhoid fever has become difficult and expensive to treat. About 90% of Salmonella typhi isolates are of multidrug-resistant (resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and 76% of isolates showed reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Isolates with full fluoroquinolone or extended spectrum cephalosporin resistance have not yet reported in Vietnam but occur sporadically in the Indian subcontinent. If they become widespread, alternative treatment options will be limited. The improvement of sanitation, provision of safe water and elimination of chronic carriage is not expected to be achieved quickly. Accordingly, vaccination against typhoid fever is increasingly important national public health priority.