Each year in the UK 1,200 people sustain a spinal cord injury, 600 people will be diagnosed with cauda equina syndrome, 6,000 with multiple sclerosis and 300 with transverse myelitis. These four patient groups all suffer from neurological disorders of the spinal cord, resulting in loss of normal bladder function known as neurogenic bladder dysfunction. This in turn can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are a commonly recurring and debilitating complication, with spinal patients experiencing 2.5 episodes per patient per year on average. This not only results in 16% of hospital readmissions and costs of care of up to £125 million spent by the NHS on treating UTIs every year, but also has a dramatic impact on patients' quality of life.