While hundreds of plum cultivars exist, with varying amounts of phenolic compounds, the process of drying results in high amounts on hydroxycinnamic acids, a family of compounds that have been shown, in animal models, to be protective of bone health by both reducing bone loss and improving bone growth. Hydroxycinnamic acids have also been proposed to improve vascular function by protecting the smooth endothelial lining of the blood vessels in animal models. Whether these encouraging observations also occur in humans is unknown. Therefore, the overall objective of this project is to conduct the first human study exploring the effects of California dried plums on markers of bone health and vascular function. Favorable results from this project will increase awareness of the unique benefits of dried plums for bone health and vascular health, two topics of great interest to aging baby boomers and other health-conscious consumers, both in the U.S. and internationally.