Revised study procedures were developed and approved by our local IRB. CBT manual was refined and adapted for telephone use. Two postdoctoral fellows were recruited, trained in CBT, and study assessment techniques. A large pool of high utilizing veterans was identified. Of the first 1000 veteran names, 523 were not viable after chart review (outside catchment area; medical rule out; moved; deceased; etc); of 477 remaining 147 were not reachable; 102 declined; 46 were deemed ineligible after initial screening; 49 were eligible and scheduled for psychiatric interview. As of December 2006 a total of 116 veterans have been enrolled in the study and randomized to treatment.