Potential study participants will be identified one of two ways, either by the treating physician in clinic when the decision is made to pursue surgery or by researchers monitoring the OR schedule. When a potential participant is identified by the treating physician in clinic, they will ask the patient if study personnel may call them to discuss the study. If the patient agrees to be contacted, the surgeon will alert study personnel who will call the patient to explain the study and arrange the initial study (screening) visit. Study personnel will monitor the OR schedule and call any potential patients the surgeons have not already identified in clinic. In this case, patients will be informed over the phone that their surgeon has granted permission to contact them regarding the study. Surgeons will be made aware when their patients have been approached over the phone, and updated accordingly if the patient agrees to the screening visit and is subsequently enrolled in the study. All screening visits will occur at the OSU Pre-operative Assessment Center (OPAC). When possible the screening visit will co-inside with pre-operative testing per the Anesthesia Department at OPAC.