Since the licensure of the PCV7 in 2000, it is being widely used for infants and toddlers in most of the developed countries. It has been demonstrated that PCV7 provide great protections for pneumococcal invasive disease (meningitis, bloodstream infections), pneumonia and otitis media [11, 12]. Routine use of PCV7 in the US has rapidly reduced rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. The impact of the vaccine was noted within 1 year of introduction. According to CDC's Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children <5 years dropped 75% from 1998/1999 to 2005; disease caused by vaccine-type strains fell 94% from 80 to 4.6 per 100,000 [13, 14]. A multi-centre study of hospitalized patients found that 77% fewer cases in children <2 years were caused by vaccine serotypes in 2002 compared to the average number of cases during 1994-2000 [15]. Surveillance data on vaccine impact from outside the US are currently limited. Data from Calgary, Canada showed a 93% reduction in vaccine-type invasive disease in children <2 years of age [16]. In Australia, the rate of vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease reduced by 78% between 2002 and 2006 in children aged under 2 years [17]. In US, it was also found that one or more doses of PCV7 was 96% effective against invasive disease in healthy children, 81% effective in children with comorbid medical conditions and 76% effective overall against disease caused by strains resistant to penicillin [18]. PCV7 use also appears to be reducing non-invasive pneumococcal infections in the US, including otitis media and pneumonia [19-22].