ICG has been used to map pelvic lymph nodes in colorectal cancer, with the first reported cases being published in 2010. ICG was injected to the tumour base in 25 open rectal resections. A wide field camera is useful for fluorescence in open surgery, however, as most rectal cancer cases are performed using a minimally invasive approach a laparoscopic method is needed. Ishizuka et al used a similar method in low rectal cancers to identify drainage in three different sets of lymph nodes. In 2015, a study of 5 patients using ICG node mapping with the same laparoscopic equipment to be used in this study demonstrated fluorescence in all 5 patients. Both studies 'berry picked' the fluorescing lymph nodes. In the 2010 study, 23 out of 25 patients had fluorescing lymph nodes. In the 2 non-fluorescing nodes LPLD was performed and no diseased nodes were identified. In these studies, they did not observe what types of tumours drain to the LPLDs.