Background: Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a progressive clinical condition including a series of neurological dysfunctions and deformities attributable to abnormally increased tension on the spinal cord, which is lacking effective treatment to relieve the symptoms and prevent progression. Dr. Shi recently proposed a new technique as nerve root axial decompression surgery, which is also called capsule surgery, to treat patients with TCS. Yet, the effectiveness and safety should be further studied.