Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a complex medical condition. Patients often experience increased levels of pain-related distress, including anxiety, depression and disability, impaired sleep, poor well-being and diminished quality of life. Over the past decade, numerous studies have provided evidence for the existence of attentional bias towards pain-related information in chronic pain patients. A critical question remaining unanswered is whether pain-related bias is simply an epiphenomenon of chronic pain, or whether it has a causal role in the maintenance of pain. Recently, there has been growing interest in the potential benefits of attentional retraining in individuals with various emotional disorders, with focus upon attentional bias modification (ABM).