Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas. This condition is very prevalent, affecting up to 1:400/500 persons worldwide. Type 1 diabetes, previously known as juvenile diabetes, usually strikes in childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood, but lasts for a lifetime. To date, there have been no treatments that can arrest or reverse the ongoing beta cell destruction. The patients affected by this disease require multiple daily insulin injections to manage their blood sugars and usually have trouble regulating their blood sugars. Moreover, they are at risk for heart disease, kidney failure, eye problems, and other complications from this life-long condition.