Reducing pain caused by procedures involving violation of the skin barrier (e.g. intravenous [IV] line placement, anesthesia and suturing of wounds) is an important goal. Needlesticks and IV catheters have been identified as important causes of pain in both children and adults.8, 12, 13 In terms of frequency, U.S. EDs place over 20 million IV catheters and care for over 10 million wounds.9 Thus, there is potentially broad-based utility in a potentiator for local anesthesia absorption in the ED.