Question (Aim) 3: What is the frequency of major adverse events following these three different bariatric surgical procedures at 1, 3, and 5 years? We will examine four important adverse event outcome categories across the three procedures: 1) short- and long-term (1, 3, and 5 year) mortality rates, 2) a composite end point of 30-day major adverse outcomes: based on the definition used in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study that included death; venous thromboembolism; percutaneous, endoscopic, or operative subsequent intervention; and failure to be discharged from the hospital; 3) subsequent hospitalization (any hospitalization following initial surgery); and 4) subsequent reoperation/reintervention: defined as any additional bariatric procedure and other procedures related to device removals, gastric revisions, abdominal or incisional hernia repair, laparoscopy or laparotomy, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placements.