Seventy-two (72) patients will be randomly allocated, in a stratified manner, according to sex and comorbidity with depression, into two (2) groups: topiramate and routine clinical follow-up, and a group that would receive placebo pills and routine clinical follow-up. The patients will be submitted to evaluations by trained independent researchers, who will apply a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV in order to evaluate the presence of psychiatric disorders (SCID I and SCID-II); the scale of evaluation of the Impact Event Scale-IES; the frequency and intensity of the symptoms of PTSD and of the variations associated with the trauma (PTSD Scale administered by clinical personnel: "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale" - CAPS); severity of depression: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and that of anxiety: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); a scale for the evaluation of social adaptation: Social Adjustment Scale (SAS); a scale for the evaluation of Quality of Life: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) ; a scale for the evaluation of global functioning axis V of DSM-IV (AGF). The patients will receive active treatment for twelve (12) weeks. After this period, the patients who have been using topiramate and who have had an improvement in their clinical condition will continue to receive further treatment for another twelve (12) weeks. Patients will have their medication suspended after twenty four (24) weeks and will be followed-up for a further twenty four (24) weeks. Patients from the placebo group who showed improvement will continue to receive clinical follow-up for a further thirty six (36) weeks. Patients from the placebo group who showed a worsening in their clinical status, evaluated through the CGI, will be excluded from the study and sent for traditional treatment at the PROVE (Violence and Stress Program) clinic. Patients who terminated the active phase of the study who did not obtain a clinical improvement will be sent for traditional treatment at the PROVE clinic. The principal outcomes to be examined will be: Response (a decrease of 50% in the CAPS score starting from the baseline) and remission (lack of diagnostic criteria for PTSD in the CAPS). After the end of the treatment, the collected data will be tabulated and compared using parametric and non-parametric tests. In this study the validation of the CAPS scale for Portuguese will be carried out.