In addition to female gender, two other factors predict an elevated incidence of these disorders: a history of musculoskeletal pain at other body sites and quality of life symptoms typically associated with depression (Von Korff et al 1988, Raphael and Marbach 2001, John et al 2003). Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia often exhibit concurrent orofacial symptomatology that mimics TMJD (Ta et al 2002, Sarlani and Greenspan 2003, Sarlani et al 2004). These observations and findings suggest that drugs useful for depression, affecting musculoskeletal systems, and effective in improving central monoaminergic neurotransmission, are prime candidates for the treatment of TMJD. For these reasons, we hypothesize that selective noradrenergic or combined noradrenergic and serotonin reuptake inhibitors should be effective for TMJD.