Specific aim # 3: Estimating the external apical root resorption (EARR) of the maxillary incisors For each patient periapical films of the maxillary incisors and the premolars & orthopantographs (OPG) were taken at the two different time points (T0 & T2). All the periapical films were developed under similar conditions (Dentax 810 Basic) scanned with a ruler to a computer, calibrated and measured in a 1:1 ratio with Adobe Photoshop software (Adobe, San Jose, Calif) for measurement purposes. If required for better interpretation the image of the tooth was enlarged and/or printed.