One group conducted a randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program in chronic stroke patients after ischemic events.14 Their intervention was twice weekly, supervised exercise on cycle ergometers (upper or lower body) to 50-60% maximal heart rate.14 At the end of the ten-week program, subjects in the intervention arm showed significant improvements in cardiovascular fitness as measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after three minutes of exercise.14 Self-reported depression and anxiety scores also improved in the intervention arm, though health-related quality of life did not.14 The same group is now conducting a larger clinical trial called Cardiac Rehabilitation Adapted For Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke (CRAFTS) expanding on the results of the earlier pilot.13,14