A large number of in vitro studies have evaluated the antioxidant capacity of mate products with different methodologies, and showed that the antioxidant effect was related to the presence of caffeoyl derivatives. Mate appears as a potent inhibitor of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidation. The phenolic compounds of mate also exhibit free radical scavenging properties and inhibit a chemically induced oxidation of lipid in membranes. Different animal studies have reported a positive impact of mate consumption on some cardiovascular risk factors. These published data, obtained in different rodent models of diet induced dyslipidemia, obesity or atherosclerosis, suggest that the supplementation with mate products may improve plasma lipids profile, prevent hepatic fatty deposition, reduce insulin resistance, improve endothelial function and inhibit atherosclerosis progression. Few clinical studies reported positive effects of mate consumption on the blood lipid profile, glycemia and anthropometric parameters in healthy and unhealthy subjects.