Patients demographics across the treatment groups are compared by chi-square test for categorical measures, and by t-test for continuous data. Mann-Whitney U test is used to compare LoS, postoperative pain VAS, cosmetics VAS, length of skin incision, 8 parameters of SF36, operating time, difficulty of exposure, difficulty of dissection in the two arms. Chi-square test is used to compare conversion rate and administration of pain medication, which is dichotomized as yes or no, in the three arms. All variables are significant at p< 0.05. Logistic model results are reported as odds ratios, two-sided 95% confidence intervals, and p values.