Prevention of melanoma can be efficient but mortality remains unchanged and 15 to 20% of patients still die from melanoma. Indeed metastatic melanoma is a heterogeneous highly and multiple mutations driven cancer. Significant survival benefit was demonstrated since 2011 with anti-CTLA4, programmed death-1 (anti PD1) antibodies, B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and MAP-ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Future improvement of advanced melanoma prognosis will rely on clinico-epidemiological studies and on biological studies aiming to validate and identify new prognostic and predictive factors based upon clinico-epidemiological and histological data, genomic host and tumor alterations, tumor microenvironment characteristics, individual immunological profile and functional imaging. In the context of marketing of costly innovative molecules prospective collection of economic data on treatment and toxicity are required. Large biobanks collecting data from cohorts of advanced melanoma are mandatory for such projects.