1. Design exposures that maximally violate a patient's expectations about how bad an outcome would be or how often it will occur. In clinical practice, an exposure that maximally violates expectancies is one that is terminated not when fear habituates or reduces by a certain amount (e.g., "What is your fear rating?") but rather when the patient's expectancy of a bad outcome is significantly reduced. (e.g., "What do you think the chances are that X will happen?).