Musculoskeletal disorders constitute an heterogeneous group of diseases which represent one of the major causes of disability. These include degenerative, traumatic, genetic, metabolic and primitive and secondary tumor illnesses. Among the pathologies of the musculoskeletal system are extremely widespread and rare. Among the earliest can be illnesses such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis which, due to their high frequency in the population, have a high impact not only at the personal but also at social level. The study of these pathologies to identify new therapeutic targets is therefore a goal of great strategic importance. In the oncological field, the skeleton is also one of the most common metastatic sites along with lung, brain and liver. Bone metastases have devastating effects on the quality of life of affected patients and result from the activation of extremely complex molecular mechanisms whose comprehension would allow identification of targets for their prevention and treatment, a key goal to date still reached. Unlike secondary bone tumors, primary tumors are a rare group of tumors. As such, research into these types of pathologies has often been limited by the low availability of human samples. Further characterization of these tumors is still necessary to promote proper recognition and improve treatment.