The current clinical management options for women with retention are intermittent or indwelling catheterization, urethral dilation, or reconstructive surgery. These treatments, however, often fail to completely resolve lower urinary tract symptoms and the patients may develop chronic retention complications such as overflow incontinence, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, infection, or renal failure. In order to improve therapeutic outcomes, there is still a need to clarify the specific mechanisms that underlie detrusor underactivity in women. Our proposed studies will be contributing to the growing body of literature implicating urethral sensory feedback as a candidate to recover efficient bladder emptying.