Adjustments to the insulin dose will be made based initially on the measurement of whole blood glucose in undiluted arterial blood performed initially at hourly intervals. Sampling of arterial blood will require the presence of an intra-arterial catheter in situ for routine clinical management at the time of enrolment. The frequency of blood glucose measurement may be reduced to two-hourly and then four hourly once the insulin regimen, blood glucose concentration and calorie intake are sufficiently stable.