Recently, Abkowitz et al described clinically significant improvement in anemia in 3 of 9 patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) using metoclopramide, an inexpensive, commonly used medication with rare side effects. We hypothesize that therapy with metoclopramide might also benefit patients with other causes of refractory anemia, such as individuals with anemia due to MDS. We therefore propose this Phase II clinical trial to evaluate metoclopramide in the treatment of anemia in patients with MDS.