The number of patients arriving each year at the stage of final renal insufficiency (IRT) and requiring the dialysis of substitution does not cease growing, in parallel with continuous ageing of the population in industrialized countries. The incidence of the IRT is approximately 110 new patients per million inhabitants per year, which represents an annual progression from approximately 4% to 8% according to areas.Approximately 35000 patients are currently treated by dialysis, 90% by hemodialysis and 10% per peritoneal dialysis . The other alternative to the treatment of the IRT is renal transplantation. Approximately 2000 patients are transplanted each year in France, and it is estimated that a minimum of 3000 transplantations should annually be carried out in order to answer at the request of the patients registers on a chronic program of dialysis and in to be transplanted age.