Most potentially oncogenic, persistent, long-term HPV infections induce an antibody response against virus proteins which can be detected by ELISA test and can be a good indicator of past as well as current infections and chronic active infection, associated with the presence of cervical lesions and the high risk of acquiring cervical cancer. In fact, it has been reported that women who are seropositive for HPV-16 present a higher risk of developing cervical carcinoma than seronegative women. L1-viral capsid proteins are one of the targets for antibodies induced by persistent HPV genital infection.