Despite this, there has been relatively sparse investigation of treatments for bipolar depression, with guidelines based primarily on expert judgment rather than randomized controlled trials [7]. First line treatment typically involves treatment with a mood stabilizer - lithium, sodium valproate or carbamazepine [7]. Addition of an antidepressant such as an SSRI, buproprion or venlafaxine may be indicated if depression persists, although there is a possibility of inducing rapid cycling and manic or manic episodes. Alternative agents such as lamotrigine and atypical antipsychotics may also be considered [7]. However, there is little firm evidence in this area, and the lack of controlled studies in the treatment of bipolar depression was described by Thase in 2005 [7], as "an embarrassment to the field". In addition to this lack of evidence of efficacy, it is clear that a significant proportion of patients with bipolar depression do not respond to the range of commonly used treatments including medication combinations [8]. It is clear that the depressive phase of bipolar disorder is an important clinical problem and one in which there is a considerable need for the development of new treatments.