The VA is addressing this need by implementing supported employment (SE), a psychiatric rehabilitation approach that provides individual vocational assistance to Veterans with mental illness. While the SE model is empirically validated and SE programs have been shown to achieve partial success in improving employment outcomes, a sizable proportion of individuals, 40% or more, remain unemployed (Bond et al., 2008). A further challenge is job retention; Veterans with mental illness who obtain jobs frequently struggle to maintain them long-term. Even in the context of high quality, evidence-based vocational services, most studies show only modest job retention of a few months (Bond et al., 2008), and consequently, frequent job losses and inconsistent vocational functioning remain a substantial and unsolved problem.