In summary, iron overload is common following HSCT and has been associated with a number of adverse biochemical and clinical outcomes. In other clinical settings such as hereditary hemochromatosis and transfusional iron overload states such as thalassemia, the reduction of iron stores by phlebotomy or chelation has been unequivocally demonstrated to reduce both morbidity and mortality. We therefore postulate that the reduction of iron overload after HSCT will similarly be associated with lower morbidity and mortality.