Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria. Inclusion criteria include non-smoking, non-pregnant and non-lactating women 18 to 50 years; premenopausal (determined by cessation of menstruation and recent menstrual history to exclude those who are perimenopausal or amennorheic); BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 (54); usual calcium consumption below the EAR of 800 mg/d (55) to be measured using a validated calcium and vitamin D food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (56); no sensitivity to dairy; normal liver and kidney function, serum calcium, and complete blood count; 3 mo history of weight stability; and willingness to adhere to study protocol for 16 weeks regardless of treatment, and including no change in physical activity levels. Any vitamin/mineral supplement users will be asked to discontinue supplementation for 4 weeks prior to enrolling in the trial (i.e. "wash out"), as well as for the duration of the trial.