Before the induction of general anesthesia, paravertebral space ipsilateral to the thoracostomy will be identified 3 cm lateral to the spinous process of T5-8 with ultrasound-guidance (USG) using a high-frequency linear array probe of a Sonosite MTurbo ultrasound machine (MicroMaxxs ultrasound system, Sonosite Inc, Bothell, WA). After the probe was placed at the level of the T5-6 interspace, the apex of the paravertebral space will be visualized as a wedge-shaped hypoechoic space surrounded by the hyperechoic line of the pleura below and the internal intercostal membrane above. An 18 G Tuohy needle (B. Braun, Germany) will be inserted in a lateral-to-medial direction using an in-plane approach and will be kept advancing until the needle tip penetrates the internal intercostal membrane.7 A 20-G epidural catheter (B. Braun, Germany) will be introduced through Tuohy needle and advanced 3 cm into the paravertebral space. After gentle aspiration, a test dose of 3 mL of bupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine 5 µg mL-1 will be administered through the catheter. If no significant rise in heart rate or arterial pressure will be observed, a bolus of 0.3 mL kg-1 of bupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine (5 µg mL-1), followed by continuous paravertebral infusion of bupivacaine 0.25% and fentanyl 2 µg mL-1 at 0.1 mL kg-1 h-1 intraoperatively.15