Axillary sampling will be performed first. A 2 cm incision will be made in the middle third of the proposed axillary clearance incision below the axillary hairline. All axillary fat and tissue in an area of 2cm diameter will be dissected out. The anterior limit of dissection is the posterior border of pectoralis major, the posterior limit of dissection is the anterior border of latissimus dorsi muscle, upper limit of dissection is the intercostobrachial nerve, and base is serratus anterior muscle on lateral chest wall. In those cases that undergo a mastectomy, the tissue in the axillary tail will be identified first and then removed as specified above.