Thalassemia is a type of hemolytic anemia disease caused by genetic defect of synthesis in one or more globin chains. Among all the single genetic disorders thalassemia has the highest incidence rate in the world and causes heavy burdens on public health system. In China, the southern provinces suffer from high incidence of thalassemia, which is particularly common in the population of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces. Epidemiological studies showed that in Guangdong alone about 17.83 % of the 14,332 pregnant women across 21 regions examined were diagnosed as carriers of thalassemia .