Transitory resolution of most symptoms caused by the bacterial overgrowth syndrome is accomplished by the administration, in divided doses, of oral tetracycline (2.0 g per day), amoxicillin-clavulanate (1 to 1.7g per day), clindamycin (0.9 to 1.8 g per day), and metronidazole (1 to 1.5 g per day) among others. Rapid symptomatic improvement is observed, however, over time, organisms become resistant to the systemic absorption of antibiotics, ceasing the benefit of this therapy. In addition, side effects including superinfections such as pseudomembranous colitis might present. Local instillation of antibiotic through an intestinal indwelling catheter placed in the excluded bowel limb has been described.