Despite strong evidence for the efficacy of individual cognitive-behavior therapy (ICBT) for childhood anxiety disorders, up to 50% of children remain symptomatic after treatment and many still meet diagnostic criteria. Evidence for parental influences in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety in children has often led to the reasonable assumption that adding parent work to ICBT would enhance treatment effects. This idea has now been repeatedly tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared ICBT to ICBT with added parent work. The specific content of the parent work has varied but has mainly included teaching parents skills for contingency management, modeling appropriate behavior, and reducing family conflict. Working with parents in these ways has so far not led to enhanced treatment effects compared to ICBT alone, as a number of meta-analytic and comprehensive reviews have shown.