Sitamaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline which is being developed as an oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Pre-clinical and subsequent clinical investigations have demonstrated oral efficacy against Leishmania donovani. The purposes of this study are to characterise the pharmacokinetic profile of sitamaquine, administered orally, and to determine if the pharmacokinetic profile is affected by administration with food. The study is also designed to further characterise the safety and tolerability of sitamaquine compared with amphotericin B, particularly in reference to renal, hepatic and cardiac adverse events, prior to initiation of phase III studies. Finally the study will investigate the efficacy of a 21 day treatment course. Previous studies have used 28 days dosing, but parasitological evidence from one study suggests that shorter courses may be effective.