In 2005, DRC adopted artesunate and amodiaquine (ASAQ) as first-line anti-malarial treatment. As WHO recommended that the efficacy of antimalarial drugs was monitored regularly to avoid an upsurge of mortality and morbidity due to continued use of ineffective drugs, a randomized, non-inferiority open-label trial was conducted in Katanga, in order to compare the efficacy of the fixed-dose formulation ASAQ versus artemether-lumefantrine (AL),