Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered the "signature injury" of recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, with 22% of returning troops experiencing a TBI. After receiving acute and rehabilitative healthcare services, Veterans with TBI are typically cared for at home, by their female (79%) parent (62%, 32% spouses), and the majority (60%) of these caregivers receive little or no help from others with their caregiving responsibilities. Not only is TBI a well-documented risk factor for dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD) later in life, noteworthy similarities exist between the experiences of family caregivers of Veterans with TBI and caregivers of civilians with AD. Symptoms of TBI are very similar to AD and include cognitive impairment (deficits in memory, language, attention, and/or planning), difficulty communicating, poor impulse control, and poor emotion regulation. Both conditions necessitate adaptation to emotional and behavioral changes in the injured family member, and personality changes may result in relationship strain between the injured person and his or her family caregiver. Similar to AD, symptoms of TBI do not lessen over time, are often perceived as burdensome, and are associated with negative mental health outcomes in their family caregivers. Similarly, both AD and TBI family caregivers report additional stressors (e.g., continuous monitoring for unpredictable behaviors and their consequences) when cohabitating with the impaired or injured family member for an extended period of time.