Antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases life expectancy and quality of life for individuals infected with HIV, and can reduce the chance of HIV transmission. These fantastic personal and public health benefits require a high level of adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen. High rates of virologic suppression can be achieved with an adherence rate of 90%, but adherence of 95% or more appears to produce the best combination of a higher probability of virologic suppression and a lower probability of the development of resistance to the medications. Unfortunately, only 59% of patients in North America report ART adherence >90%. Thus, ART adherence interventions are a critical part of the fight against HIV/AIDS, and there is a substantial need for novel and effective ART adherence interventions.