GA is indigestible for both human and animals; Its fermentation by colonic intestinal bacteria leads to formation of various degradation products, such as short-chain fatty acids .Gum Arabic ingestion increases serum short chain fatty acid concentration, mainly butyrate and propionate. Serum butyrate concentration increased following administration of GA in healthy subjects. Oral intake of GA has been shown to provide several health benefits, such as prebiotic effects. GA significantly increases Bifidobacteria, Lactobacteria, and Bacteriodes in the gut. GA is claimed to have anti-cancer ,anti-malarial immune-modulatory and antioxidant effects. GA treatment has been shown to favorably influence clinical and laboratory results in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure CRF and in humans diagnosed with renal failure, reported that GA was able to decrease high levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and kidney of rats suffering from adenine-induced CRF.