Replacement therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin can effectively correct anemia in patients. However, despite the availability of recombinant human erythropoietin for more than a decade for use in CKD patients, two thirds of patients initiating dialysis have a hematocrit less than 30%, and three fourths have a hemoglobin (Hb) less than 11 g/dL the level recommended by the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative. Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin typically involves subcutaneous (SC) administration at regular intervals followed by frequent laboratory tests to monitor hemoglobin concentration. There is a need to provide an significantly improved care in this area using a sustained therapy approach.