Patients with advanced hormone insensitive (refractory) prostate cancer have a median survival rate of about one year and during this time they often suffer from anemia due to reasons like blood loss, tumor infiltration of the bone marrow and even treatment with androgen deprivation. Compared to patients with other cancer types patients with prostate cancer have a significantly lower mean haemoglobin level. However, patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer have not previously been given much attention and the treatment of the frequent condition of chronic anemia in this group of patients seems casual. Therefore, Best Standard of Care (BSC) is defined as RBC transfusion if the hemoglobin is < 5,0 mmol/L (8,0 g/dl), and if there are signs or symptoms of anemia and supplemental iron if se-ferritin < 200 mcg/L.