The primary and secondary endpoints will occur at the conclusion of study enrollment when the last postpartum interview has been completed (when we have reached thematic saturation), and when we have at least 30 pain score assessments for the epidural and no epidural groups. The study is not designed to detect a difference in VAS scores between those women who have an epidural and those who do not (a power analysis was not performed), but rather this secondary objective is intended to establish the mean VAS score for each group. Because women will not know for certain if they will elect a labor epidural at the time of antenatal recruitment and because some women may not get undergo postplacental IUD placement for obstetric reasons (e.g., chorioamnionitis, postpartum bleeding, etc), it may be necessary to recruit more women than needed to achieve 30 women for each group. Up to 175 women will be recruited in the study.