Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder that exposes the individual to repeated periods of hypoxia and awakenings during sleep. OSA occurs in up to one third of the population, constituting a public health problem. The prevalence of sleep apnea increases with age, reaching up to 90%. Its consequences include sympathetic nervous system activation, increased blood pressure and heart rate, myocardial contractility overload, decline in parasympathetic activity, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, platelet activation, and impaired vascular endothelial function. OSA is a risk factor for hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The classical treatment options for OSA are the use of continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliances for mandibular advancement, surgery, weight reduction, and lifestyle change, including recommendation of regular practice of exercise.