Pediatric urethral catheterizations are one such procedure in which children experience significant pain. (11) The Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) ED at Egleston performs an average of greater than 150 pediatric urethral catheterizations per month. This procedure is performed in most cases where children under 6 months of age present with unexplained fever. Also, divisional guidelines call for urethral catheterization for urinanalysis and urine culture on all uncircumcised boys under the age of 1 and all girls under the age of 2 who present with unexplained temperature above 39.5 degrees. In a previous Friends funded clinical trial, ED investigators studied sucrose use in children under 2 months of age which was shown to decrease urethral catheterization discomfort. As such, this has become routine care in the ED. (REF; for a review of sucrose for pediatric pain, see 6) In present care, children over 2 months of age do not routinely receive intervention for urethral catheterization related anxiety and pain, and, anecdotal reports suggest that most require physical restraint to complete the procedure.