Fifty three patients aged 18-30 years who had one or two deep occlusal carious lesions (≥ 3 mm in depth) in molars were recruited. Dental caries was removed and the prepared cavity was restored with resin composite using one of two restorative procedures: (1) without GIC lining; (2) with (resin-modified) GIC lining. Restored teeth were evaluated for any pulpal complications (subjective symptoms, objective signs or loss of tooth vitality) at one month (baseline), one year and two years after restoration.