In 1957, Malcolm Holliday and William Segar published fluid management guide-lines for hospitalized children, which proposed to match children's water and electrolyte requirements on a weight-based calculation using: 100 ml/100 kcal for the first 10 kg of body weight, 50 ml/100 kcal for 11-20 kg and 20 ml/100 kcal for every kilogram of body weight above 20 kg. Their proposed maintenance electrolyte requirements of 3 meq/100 kcal of sodium (Na) per day and 2 meq/100 kcal of potassium (K) per day, were based upon the electrolyte composition of breast and cow's milk.