The subjects will be adult surgical candidates age 18-80, ASA I- III, presenting for elective surgery who require general anesthesia. Patients will be chosen if it is determined that endotracheal intubation is required. Patients will be excluded if they are considered so difficult (i.e. Mallampatti IV, < 2 FB or 4 cm mouth opening), that an awake fiberoptic intubation should be performed. ASA IV and V patients will also be excluded from the study in addition to those who need rapid sequence (i.e. patients with acid reflux) and have known cardiovascular disease