The IRAS was renewed in September, 1995 for an additional five years through July, 1999 for the prospective follow-up and reexamination of the cohort. The renewal period consisted of three phases. During the first phase (years 05 and 06), the investigators conducted a substudy to address the measurement of insulin sensitivity in individuals with NIDDM. This substudy evaluated several alternate techniques for measuring insulin sensitivity in approximately 115 non-IRAS volunteers with NIDDM. In addition, all IRAS participants were contacted annually for incident cardiovascular and other major health events. During the second phase (years 07 and 08), a follow-up examination of the IRAS cohort was conducted with the goal of determining predictors of changes in insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular risk factors, measures of atherosclerosis development, and incident cardiovascular events. Additionally, throughout the first four years, there was a continued major effort devoted to the analysis and reporting of the cross-sectional data from the first IRAS examination. The final phase (year 09) included analysis and reporting of the longitudinal results.