In this longitudinal study using previously studied members of the Muscatine study, measurements are made of contemporaneous risk factors, and brachial artery FMD, along with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid artery intimal-medial thickness (IMT) (the latter two established measures of early atherosclerosis) and again three years later. The effort is designed to examine the following hypotheses: 1) Established risk factor levels measured in childhood, adulthood and across the years form childhood through adulthood are predictive of brachial artery flow mediated dilatory (FMD) capacities; 2) Putative risk factor levels measured in adulthood are related to the degree of brachial artery FMD, CAC and carotid artery IMT; 3) Brachial artery FMD, CAC and carotid artery IMTare related in adults; and 4) Brachial artery FMD is predictive of increased carotid artery IMT.