If the patient has gum disease: At the initial examination, some samples will be collected: the natural fluid that comes from the gums and the bacteria that are present there will be collected by inserting a piece of paper and a filter strip in the spaces between teeth and gums; blood samples may also be taken by a phlebotomist to evaluate some inflammatory signs of disease and possible genetic markers (about 5 teaspoons at each visit); and a cheek swab may be taken by gently rubbing a little brush into the inside of the cheeks. Patients also may be asked to spit into a container we provide. Tissues from gums that are usually discarded may also be collected during treatment. When patients return for re-evaluation of their gums, all these samples may be collected again at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the initial therapy. After 24 months, only clinical examinations may be performed, up to 3 more visits within the following 3 years.