To date, the investigator's research group has undertaken prospective studies to support the routine and accurate identification of frail patients before surgery. The next step in the development of the PSH-Frail is testing interventions to improve the outcomes of frail elderly surgical patients. The role of preoperative exercise training (prehabilitation) in improving postoperative outcomes is a priority research area in perioperative medicine, and may provide its most significant impact in frail elderly patients. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested.