Methods: We conducted a trial of EIMC using the Mogen clamp provided by newly trained clinical officers (CO) and nurse midwives (NMWs) in 4 health centers in rural Rakai, Uganda. 501 healthy neonates aged 1-28 days with normal birth weight and gestational age were randomized to CO (n=256) and NMWs (n=245), and were followed up at 24 hours, 7 and 28 days. Combined analgesia was provided by paracetamol suppository, Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) cream and a 24% sucrose solution.