Experimental studies shows that L-propionylcarnitine, a propionyl ester of L-carnitine, was able to prevent cyclosporine (immunosuppressive agent following organ transplantation) induced acute nephrotoxicity, reducing lipid peroxidation and significantly lowering blood pressure. L-propionylcarnitine prevented the decline in creatinine clearance in cyclosporine chronically treated animals [73]. Patients treated with carnitine displayed improved physical performance and treatment-related chronic fatigue, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and other chronic syndromes, caused by impaired carnitine production in kidney disease [36-38]. In the last decade there are increasing reports describing the beneficial use of carnitine for a better energy metabolism (mitochondrial metabolism). Carnitine increases albumin and protein levels, restores antioxidant defenses, and improves nutritional status, cardiac, vascular smooth muscle, and muscular function [39-42]. The postulated beneficial effect of carnitine treatment is by directing lipids towards oxidation and ATP production. Another possible protective effect of carnitine on contrast media induced lesions is its ability to suppress the development of oxidative stress and free radical generation [74]. Free radicals, and in particular hydroxyl radical, lead to lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, causing degradation of phospholipids, resulting in increased production of renal vasoconstrictors [75].