Procedures Children aged between six and 59 months and with a body weight ≥ 5kg were eligible for enrolment if they had P. falciparum infections (density threshold at inclusion between 2,000 and 200,000/µl), fever or history of fever in the previous 24 hours, no signs of severe malaria, no reported hypersensitivities of the studied drugs, and no serious concomitant febrile illness.