waist circumference ≥88 cm; Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or on drug treatment for elevated triglycerides; high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <50 mg/dl or on drug treatment for reduced HDL-C; Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dl or on drug treatment for elevated glucose; Blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or on antihypertensive drug treatment in a subject with a history of hypertension.