Prevention of Dropouts from the study. To ensure capturing and maintaining as much of the sample as possible, each participant will have contact with the same assessment specialist during the entire course of the study. Having the same assessor follow a given family throughout the study will provide personal continuity, and thus improve participation and retention in the study. Additional procedures that we have established to retain participants in prior studies, and ensure follow-up assessments, include: 1) conducting assessments at convenient locations for the families including their homes when necessary, 2) providing compensation to families for their participation in assessments, 3) conducting the service utilization phone interviews at baseline and 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 months post-baseline, 4) updating all contact information at regular intervals, 5) obtaining the names of three contact persons who are close to family members and who may be contacted by the Assessment Specialist in the event that the family is unreachable at the assessment time-points (this is included in the consent form), and 6) sending out birthday and holiday cards to all participants. In our experience, the utilization of standard operating procedures for tracking and contacting participants dramatically increase retention rates in the study. The PI and research team has solid experience with tracking families for follow-up related activities. In our last federally funded treatment development grant we were able to track families six weeks after the adolescent was discharged from an Addictions Receiving Facility at a success rate of 96%.