Any remaining from the finger stick/stool samples will be cryopreserved for subsequent testing for presence of other infections that have public health importance in PNG (e.g., malaria) using molecular or serological assays. Genetic testing of samples for the LF, malaria or common blood borne or intestinal infections will be performed using microsatellite markers or highly polymorphic genes as confirmatory diagnostic tests and/or to assess the diversity of the parasite populations in the communities.