Investigators have conducted a series of pilot studies underpinning both aspects of the intervention. Investigators have demonstrated in an experimental lower limb ischaemic pain model in healthy volunteers (n=28) that TENS significantly reduced onset of pain (by 29 seconds; 23%), tolerance of pain (by 203 seconds; 53%) and the pain endurance (by 173 seconds; 67%), compared to placebo TENS. Following this, in a proof-of-concept pilot study, investigators demonstrated that TENS when applied to patient with IC exercising on a treadmill (n=40) significantly improved absolute claudication distance (ACD) above placebo levels (approx. mean individual increase in ACD of 40%, p=.025, r= .53). Our phase 2 study also established that home use of TENS was both acceptable and provided self-reported improvement in PA in individuals with IC. Investigators have not assessed the ability of TENS to improve ACD when used during daily life.