Chronic exposure to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can cause parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD), a progressive condition that may severely affect the liver and lead to end-stage liver disease. Fish oil has been shown to exert beneficial effects as it favorably alters metabolism and inflammation. It has been used parenterally (Omegaven) in young children with short bowel syndrome and PNALD with encouraging results. In adults it has mostly been used in peri-surgical settings as well as in critically ill patients, again proving its effectiveness.