To accomplish this, buccal swabs or blood specimens from patients with melanoma (either single primary or multiple primary) have been collected. Specimens will be prepared in the Epidemiology Laboratory at MSKCC. They will be analyzed at MSKCC for INK4A (and functional assays for DNA repair capacity when blood is available) and the melanocortin gene (MC1R), at the University of North Carolina for polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and immune function genes, at the University of Pennsylvania for polymorphisms in the melanocortin receptor gene (MC1R) and immune function genes, and at the University of California (Irvine) for polymorphisms in metabolizing genes (P450's and GST's). Samples will be banked at MSKCC and the University of New Mexico. In order to perform this study, subjects from population-based registries in the United States (New Jersey, North Carolina, Michigan, San Diego/Imperial Counties), Canada (Cancer Care Ontario, British Columbia), Italy (Turin), Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania), were interviewed, asked to provide blood or buccal swab samples and asked to provide permission to obtain and review slides of their primary melanoma. This study is now closed to accrual.