Hanly and Pierratos suggested that SA in hemodialysis patients may be a consequence of inadequate treatment of uremia by standard 4-hours thrice-weekly HD procedure [12]. This group reported that intensive nocturnal HD for 8 hours 6-7 times per week reduced the severity of SA, although their patients continued to suffer from frequent arousals, diminished sleep time, REM sleep and sleep efficiency [12]. Restoration of normal kidney function by transplantation may lead to reversal of SA [13, 14].