Intra-peritoneal administration of antibiotics covering both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was recommended as first-line regimen for the management of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis. Oral administration of quinolones can also achieve effective serum concentrations, and is more convenient and economical. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled study to compare the effects on peritonitis cure and relapsing rates between oral moxifloxacin plus IP vancomycin and conventional IP vancomycin plus ceftazidime.