Most pneumococcal infections can be treated effectively with antibiotics, although meningitis still often results in devastating outcomes. Over the last 20 years, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among S. pneumoniae complicates treatment of infections. Penicillin and co-trimoxazole resistance are common in many parts of the world, including China [5-9]. Multidrug resistance has also emerged and is best documented in industrialized countries. Treatment failures due to resistance have been documented for acute otitis media, meningitis and bloodstream infections [5-6].