We propose to study the utility of the MODS assay for the diagnosis of TB in subjects who are sputum-smear positive or sputum-smear negative, and those with chronic TB. Susceptibility testing will be performed for first-line antituberculous drugs and, subsequently, second-line drugs, if subjects are found to have MDR-TB. The first primary objective is to calculate the sensitivity of detection of the MODS assay, compared with the Middlebrook culture method, in subjects suspected of having TB who are sputum-smear positive by microscopy. The second primary objective is to calculate the concordance of drug-susceptibility testing between the MODS assay and the agar proportion method for subjects who are sputum-smear positive, sputum-smear negative, or diagnosed with chronic TB.