In addition to its beneficial role in reducing mortality induced by deep or poorly tolerated anemia, current data from the literature also raise morbidity and mortality related to blood transfusion. Murphy et al. Have shown, in an English cohort of cardiac surgery, that transfusion of CGR was correlated with the occurrence of postoperative infections and ischemic events, as well as early and late excess mortality. These effects appear as early as the first transfused red blood cell, which is confirmed by a prospective Brazilian study with a hazard ratio of death occurrence of 1.2 for each RBC transfused after cardiac surgery.