The first published report of resuscitation with an intact umbilical cord compared 24 hour hematocrit in premature infants (23 0/7-31 6/7 weeks' GA) randomized to 60 seconds of V (initial continuous positive airway pressure) with addition of positive pressure ventilation if needed - delayed cord clamping (DCC), V-DCC or DCC-only where infants were dried and stimulated by gently rubbing the back if apneic. In this study no differences were seen in the peak hematocrit in the first 24 hours, delivery room interventions, early hemodynamics (cerebral oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, cardiac output and stroke volume by electrical cardiometry, or superior vena cava flow by functional echocardiography), or neonatal outcomes. The onset of breathing was similar between both groups however infants receiving DCC received a greater duration of stimulation than V-DCC. While no benefit was seen with V-DCC, no adverse effects were seen and this study demonstrated the feasibility of resuscitation with the cord intact. In addition the primary outcome measure differed from our question of interest as the infants enrolled in this study were low risk for abnormalities in the cardiopulmonary transition.