The aim of this observational study is to retrospectively collect current survival data for 3995 primary rectal cancer patients who were extracted from 5097 rectal cancer patients admitted in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to December 2010. Moreover, based on a Cox model, we want to develope a nomogram that predicts local recurrence, distant metastases, and survival for patients with rectal cancer treated with pre- or postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT).