Although this study did not include a sham control group, it strongly suggests that low frequency right sided rTMS has therapeutic potential in BPAD-DP which warrants the conduct of a definitive randomized controlled trial. Despite widespread communication within the international rTMS research community (the CIA of this grant is a committee member of the International Society for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), we are aware of no large study exploring the use of rTMS in BPAD-DP that is completed and unpublished or currently underway. In addition, we are not aware of any current or past studies exploring the role of LFR-TMS in this condition.