Sample size: 20 IVF subjects and 20 control subjects will be enrolled. A power analysis was performed using an alpha error of 0.05 and beta error of 0.80. Calculations were made for a 30% difference in the most studied markers during each trimester. The specific markers used in the power analysis were VEGF, sFlt, sEng, PlGF, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta1, and TNF-alpha. Using the values for the markers with the most stringent criteria it was determined that 15 patients would be required in each group to demonstrate a significant difference using a p value of 0.05. In anticipation of a 20-25% drop out rate, 20 subjects will be enrolled in each arm.