We expect that LDMTX therapy will improve arterial inflammation and that this mechanistic, proof-of-concept study will demonstrate the importance of inflammation and immune activation in HIV. This would thus form the basis for event-driven trials to evaluate whether anti-inflammatory strategies reduce CVD risk in individuals with treated HIV infection. Accordingly, the study has the potential to shift the paradigm in the approach to treating atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals, and potentially in other populations as well.