Melasma, is a common acquired, chronic pigmentary disorder characterized by a symmetrical hyperpigmentation of the face, although it may be localized also on the neck and forearms. It is also called as chloasma or mask of pregnancy. It has higher prevalence in women and occurs less commonly in men. It most commonly affects the sun-exposed areas of skin of face. According to their presentation, three major clinical patterns have been recognized: Centro-facial, malar and mandibular forms. The interplay of various risk factors are known to contribute in the pathogenesis of melasma such as genetic predisposition, ultraviolet radiation, hormonal factors, oral contraceptives and drugs like phenytoin. There have been reported incidences of thyroid abnormalities in melasma affected patients. Increased levels of luteinizing hormone and decreased serum levels of estradiol with mild ovarian dysfunction were reported. Skin pigmentation is a common manifestation in nutritional deficiencies and frequently associated with deficiency of vitamin B12 . Although increased levels of iron affects pigmentation of skin, melasma occurring in its deficiency is not clear. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol by photochemical process in the skin and through successive hydroxylation to its active metabolite. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25(OH)2D3; calcitriol] is formed in liver and kidney. The hormonal activity of 1, 25(OH)2D3 is carried out after it binds to its intracellular receptor (VDR). Calcium homeostasis is the principal function of vitamin D. VDR which is also expressed in epithelial cells and melanocytes makes skin the target for vitamin D. Although vitamin D is used in the treatment of melanoma and psoriasis and active role of 1, 25(OH)2D3 in skin no reports of melasma associated with vitamin D reported. The dysfunction of 1,25(OH)2D3 - VDR system may lead to periodontal disease .The vitamin D deficiency not only lowers mineral bone density (osteopenia) but also leads to osteoporosis and chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies have reported that anemia may predispose to periodontitis but the association is not determined. Until date, no studies reported any correlation or mere association between melasma, periodontitis and serum vitamin D abnormalities as well as decreased Hb levels. The present study was intended to assess the presence of periodontitis and vitamin D deficiency in melasma patients and evaluate clinical presence of periodontitis, which may occur in conjunction with melasma and vitamin D deficiency. The mere presence of melasma may help to investigate for further oral issues such as periodontitis and anemia which may or may not be associated with vitamin D abnormalities.