One source of debate is whether the addition of induction or consolidation chemotherapy adds anything to concomitant chemoradiotherapy, with numerous intergroup trials underway. CALGB has completed a randomized phase II study of two cycles of induction chemotherapy followed by two additional cycles of the same drugs with concomitant radiotherapy. The three treatment arms included four cycles of cisplatin (80 mg/m2) combined with either gemcitabine, paclitaxel, or vinorelbine. Radiotherapy was completed during the last two cycles to a total of 66 Gy. Response rates were similar, and median survival for all patients was 17 months with no clearly superior arm evident in this randomized phase II trial.