Stage IA2 or IB1 cervical cancer is currently treated by a radical hysterectomy (removal of the uterus, cervix, and the parametrium) or radical trachelectomy (removal of the cervix and the parametrium). The parametrium is the tissue next to the uterus and cervix that holds these organs in place. Pelvic lymph nodes and possibly para-aortic lymph nodes (near the aorta in the abdomen) are also removed. This procedure is called a pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. While these surgeries are very effective, significant side effects can occur, such as bladder, bowel, and/or sexual dysfunction.