There have been previous efforts to try to use a vitreous substitute in order to protect intraocular structures from the deleterious effects of radiations. In an animal study, Finger et al, demonstrated that iodinated contrast agents (iophendylate, iohexol, and iopamidol) could block radiation intraocularly. But these substances were highly toxic and could not be retained in the eye due to high water solubility.