This study is an observational study and participants will receive the standard of care according to local MDT guidelines for the treatment and surveillance of bladder cancer. As the study involves collection of a urine sample, subjects are permitted to be entered into other trials. The DETECT II study will recruit patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent bladder cancer. As this study is only observational and no intervention is trial related the patients will be given minimum 24 hours to consider this study and decide to take part as they will be approached in clinic at first instance. Due to the initial urine sample being required before any standard of care is received they will be consented within 24 hours of being informed of the study. Most newly diagnosed bladder cancers are detected in patients being investigated for haematuria and attending a haematuria clinic. Most recurrent bladder cancers are detected by cystoscopy at bladder cancer check cystoscopy clinics.