- Women with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia or superimposed pre-eclampsia requiring hospitalization. Pre-eclampsia was defined as new onset of hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) or gestational hypertension accompanied by proteinuria (>= 0.3 g/24h) after 20 weeks of gestation. Superimposed pre-eclampsia was defined as chronic hypertension with new onset of proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation.