The modified Atkins diet is a nonpharmacologic therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy that was designed to be a less restrictive alternative to the traditional ketogenic diet. This diet is started on an outpatient basis without a fast, allows unlimited protein and fat, and does not restrict calories or fluids. Early studies have demonstrated efficacy and safety.13-20 However these studies have been uncontrolled, and have enrolled small numbers of patients. There are no randomized control trials evaluating the efficacy of the modified Atkins diet in children and adults with refractory epilepsy. Hence this study has been was planned to investigate whether there are clear benefits in terms of seizure control in children with refractory epilepsy who are treated with the modified Atkins diet, versus controls.