Rehabilitation plan: All patients had similar inpatient rehabilitation programs. For patients in the three intervention groups, outpatient rehab included daily exercise for 0-2 h/day. Exercise occurred between 8:00 and 10:00, and types included walking, jogging, bicycle, swimming, or other exercise according to patient preference or resource availability and confirmed by multidisciplinary medical team. Daily exercise was supervised by designated family members. Investigators randomly attended sessions in an unannounced fashion. Although not routinely involved, multidisciplinary medical team consultations were available on investigator request. Exercise data were independently collected from the patient and their designated family member on a weekly basis (κ statistic=0.94). To measure the patients' walking distance, investigators provided them with a Fit bit (Fit bit, San Francisco, USA). Routine care included education on smoking cessation and education on food selection. Patients were provided printed materials, with dietician assessments available on request. Patients in the control group received the same education and printed materials during their inpatient course. Patients exercised daily, at any time, for ≤2 h according to patient tolerance. Sessions were supervised by family members. Investigators did not attend sessions. Exercise data were independently collected from the patient and their designated family member on a weekly basis (κ statistic=0.22). Again, walking distance was measured using the Fit bit. Routine care included education on smoking cessation and education on food selection. Patients were provided printed materials, with dietician assessments available on request.