Perturbations in calcium homeostasis in the central nervous system, such as those associated with Alzheimer's disease and aging as well as stroke and head trauma can result in an increase in intracellular levels of calcium (Ca2+). Increased levels of Ca2+ may lead to cellular dysregulation and cell death. The role of calcium in these neurodegenerative processes led to the hypothesis that controlling calcium levels may be beneficial, particularly where progressive neuronal damage results in cognitive dysfunction and memory loss.