The frequency of this condition reaches 39.3% of the critically ill patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Most cases occur early, 91% of cases occur within the first 5 days of entry. There are numerous studies in the literature investigating risk factors related to the development of AKI in critically ill patients hospitalized in critical care units. Some of those who have been associated with severe AKI and need for renal replacement therapy are: invasive mechanical ventilation, septic shock, cardiogenic shock and hepato-renal syndrome; In addition, the presence of multiple organic faults (by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scale) is closely related to the development of AKI, and the risk seems to increase in parallel with the number of organic failures. The pathophysiological relationship between invasive mechanical ventilation and the development of AKI is well known, both for direct and indirect effects, therefore patients with invasive ventilatory support represent a special risk group.