Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, is known to exert its toxic effects through the activation of the complement system or monocytes-macrophages and releases of the secondary mediators like cytokines, chemokines, and arachidonic acid derivatives, but recent reports suggest that LPS may exert a direct toxicity on renal cells.LPS is a potential drug target since its presence is critical in membrane stability, and also it plays a prominent role in raising an immune response. LPS triggers the release of many inflammatory cytokines, in particular, TNFα, interleukin-1β and IL-6, and it has been implicated as the etiological agent of a variety of pathologies ranging from mild (fever) to lethal (septic shock, organ failure, and death).