There are numerous reports of an increase refractive errors and amblyogenic factors in the low birth weight population relative to children born at full term. However, no formal database was established in Taiwan. Today in Taiwan, with increasing level of educational and living standard, the prevalence and severity of myopia and other refractive errors appear to be an upward trend. The rate is much higher than other developed countries and both genetic and environmental factors are crucial to it. Under such as a special condition, the tendency of increasing refractive errors and amblyogenic factors in the low birth weight children is questionable and need our effort to identify them.