All patient recruitment and treatment were performed at the University of Florida College of Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontic Clinic by Prosthodontic faculty. Patients were initially screened to exclude individuals with medical contraindications to dental treatment, parafunctional habits, and inability to ensure residence in the area for the next five years. Inclusion criteria were a missing posterior tooth in a quadrant (first premolars through second molars) that could be restored with a 3-unit FPD, periodontal pockets of less than 4 mm for each abutment with no periodontal disease, vital abutment teeth, and a crown root ratio of at least 1:1. A patient can have multiple FPDs placed as long as the above-mentioned criteria were met. Baseline data were obtained for each selected subject to include the following: