One of the cornerstones of kidney stone prevention is ensuring adequate fluid intake. Without adequate hydration, urinary volume is low which in turn increases super-saturation of all stone forming salts and increases the likelihood of stone formation. The best evidence supporting adequate fluid as a prevention strategy for stones comes from Borghi et al. who performed a 5 year randomized control study and found a 12% recurrence rate in the cohort of patients encouraged to achieve a goal of 2 liters (L) of urine per day compared to a 27% recurrence in the group who was not encouraged to increase fluid intake. Furthermore, the most recent guidelines by both the American Urological Association (AUA) and American College of Physicians (ACP) on medical management of kidney stones advocate a goal urine volume of 2.5 L for all stone formers.