The level of ROS in cells is the result of production (mainly the NADPHoxydase and the mitochondrial respiratory chain) and their disposal via antioxidant enzymes. The hematology team of the university hospital of Tours (France) found that certain antioxidant enzymes are essential for the self-renewal of normal and leukemic cells such as glutathione peroxidase-3 (Herault O et al, J Exp Med 2012, 209:895). Their expression is modified in hematological diseases (patent WO2012085188A1 / 2012-06-28 and FR1000267310 / 2014-11-27).