Children born with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight are at increased risk of various ophthalmic challenges such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), refractive error, strabismus, cerebral visual impairment, colour vision deficits, reduced contrast sensitivity (CS), visual field defects, and decreased visual acuity (VA). Many of these factors are not independent of each other. Among them, refractive error is a really common disorder. These can cause significant disability which can impact life's activities and, qualities. Currently, no standard guidelines are available toward the provision of ophthalmic follow up care for preterm infants. It is important to survey the prevalence of different ophthalmic sequelae in Taiwan, to identify the risk factors of developing these sequelae, and, furthermore, to build up a screening program. The preterm population has heterogeneous conditions to developing ophthalmic sequelae. National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) is now in charge of a big part of intense care for these low birth weight preterm neonates. With detailed medical record done of these children during care in the neonatal unit, we are competence for this meaningful program.