This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter Phase IIIb study of palifermin given before and after dose chemotherapy (total 6 doses) or before dose chemotherapy only (total 3 doses), in subjects with Multiple Myeloma (MM)receiving high dose melphalan (chemotherapy), in a 1-day schedule, followed by autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT).