- Left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, or left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40% with left atrial enlargement (left atrial volume index >28 ml/m2) and/or left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index >95 g/m2 (women) or >115 g/m2 (men) determined by echocardiogram within last 24 months.