In 2011, 87,6% of malaria cases in Brazil were due to P. vivax alone, 11,3% to P. falciparum alone, and approximately 1.1% due to mixed infections with these two species. P. malariae is rarely seen in Brazil. Acre state saw a huge increase in malaria cases from 2003 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2005, 153% and 63%, respectively(Cesario and Cesario 2006). The Acre municipalities of Cruzeiro do Sul, Rodrigues Alves, and Mancio Lima municipalities were responsible for 67.7% of malaria cases in the state in 2006, when a malaria epidemic took place in this region. Table 1 shows the absolute number of malaria cases in Brazil and Acre state and their respective annual parasitologic index (API), which is the number of positive malaria slides per 1,000 residents per year.