A series of postpartum interviews with subsample cotinine validation was used to examine the second important aim, reduction of infant smoke exposure. A combination of messages, peer modeling, and support helped women sustain cessation after delivery and eliminate smoking around the baby. Project PANDA videotapes and newsletters already contained these messages and required only minimal supplementation to be used with the One-to-One experimental group, regardless of their success in quitting in pregnancy. As in Project PANDA, the assessments were separated from the experiment by enrolling subjects in a university-sponsored study of new mothers' health practices and baby care and by presenting the program as usual care by the health care site.