CNI minimisation may be optimised by three major routes. Firstly, by minimising the CNI beyond 12 months post transplantation when the risk of acute rejection is at its greatest. Secondly, by performing a renal biopsy in patients prior to CNI minimisation and avoiding CNI minimisation in patients with inflammation on the biopsy. Finally, converting azathioprine to mycophenolate prior to CNI minimisation should have a renoprotective effect.