Common techniques used to reduce the risks associated with nasal intubation include the use of vasoconstrictors in the nasal canal, lubrication of the endotracheal tube, selection of a smaller tube, mechanical dilatation of the nasal cavity, deliberate maneuvering of the tube during intubation (Hall). Other more complicated techniques have included thermosoftening and using a curved tip suction catheter to help guide the endotracheal tube (Kim, Morimoto, Wart, Seo). Overall these precautions and interventions are complicated and often ineffective in reducing complications.