The paired t-test was used to analyze the effects (pre- vs post-) of the first phase. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for intra- and inter-group comparisons. When the baseline was different (ANOVA one-way), two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures was applied for comparisons, with baseline scores used as covariates. When an F-ratio was significant, Fisher's post hoc test was employed to identify mean differences. The statistical power was determined to verify the statistical power of the analysis. For all statistical analyses, significance was accepted at P<0.05.