This project supports the post-third-grade assessment of 693 children and their families who were enrolled in a randomized trial of a program of prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses that was epidemiologically and theoretically grounded. The sample enrolled was composed of low-income women who had no previous live births and who were largely African American (92%), unmarried (98%), and adolescent (67%) at the time of registration during pregnancy. In earlier phases of assessment, the program was found to improve the quality of care patients provided to their children, to reduce children's health-care encounters in which injuries were detected, to increase children's sequential processing skills as measured by the KABC, to reduce the number of dysregulated aggressive and violent themes expressed in their response to the MacArthur Story Stem Battery, and so to improve maternal life-course as reflected in fewer subsequent pregnancies, reduced use of welfare, and increases in the marriage and cohabitation with the biological father of the child. Many of the benefits in the area of parental care-giving and child functioning were concentrated in those children and their mothers who had few psychological resources (where psychological resources was defined as the absence of mental disorder symptoms, adequate intellectual functioning, and belief in their control over their life circumstances).