To measure medication compliance objectively, electronic monitor lids were used on all heart failure medications for patients in intervention and control groups. These lids contain a computer chip that electronically imprints a time/date stamp when opened and closed. Each open-close event indicates that the patient has taken a dose of their medication. By downloading this information from the medication container lid to a computer, we can objectively assess the pattern of medication compliance. Study participation for the patients in the intervention group concluded after nine months of active intervention and three months of post-intervention follow-up.