Emerging adults in this study will be drawn from a sample of 359 individuals who have been participating in a longitudinal study of the effects of PCE on physical, social, cognitive and emotional development. Children and their mothers who were exposed to drugs other than cocaine were also enrolled, as were non-drug exposed controls. Prenatal drug exposure status was ascertained at time of recruitment via a detailed interview that covered lifetime substance use and use in the past 30 days, as well as a urine screening of mother and infant and meconium toxicology. The sample from which participants will be recruited consists of 81% African American, 6.5% Hispanic and 12.5% Caucasian children, all of who come from the greater New Haven area. The sample was recruited at birth over a 5-year period.