The first port of call will be a trial outpatient clinic set up within the Maywand Teaching Hospital located in the study area and within easy reach for all recruited families. This will be run by 4 paediatricians, who will receive refresher training in the diagnosis of pneumonia; they will work a shift system covering 24 hours, 7 days a week. They will be supervised by 1 senior paediatrician and he/she also will examine randomly a sample of other children seen at the clinic. The paediatricians will fill out a detailed clinical assessment form for each child, conduct pulse oximetry, request X-rays and treat (according to standard IMCI) 35 and/or refer for admission if there is severe pneumonia. The trial will cover costs of all IMCI recommended or hospital inpatient related ALRI medications.