2. Have any condition defined by the American College of Sports Medicine's as "absolute contraindications to exercise testing" (a recent significant change in the resting ECG suggesting significant ischemia, recent myocardial infarction (within 2 days) or acute cardiac event; unstable angina; uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias causing symptoms or hemodynamic compromise; severe symptomatic aortic stenosis; uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure; acute pulmonary embolus or pulmonary infarction; acute myocarditis or pericarditis; suspected or known dissecting aneurysm; acute infection).