The progressive scarring process of an allograft, called chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), remains the chief cause of kidney transplant failure. We have shown by immunohistochemistry that epithelial changes suggestive of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in early protocol biopsies predict the progression of CAN during the first year post-transplantation. Our preliminary results suggest that the urinary cell mRNA profile is altered in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with CAN.