Although laser photocoagulation in CSME-CI was shown to reduce the proportion of subjects losing > 15 letters from 33% to 13% over 3 years, 13% of subjects nevertheless continued to double their visual angle or do worse. Moreover, in subjects with CSME initially without center involvement, over 3 years, 12% lose > 15 letters despite laser treatment, presumably because edema eventually involves the center of the fovea (i.e., the subjects convert to CSME-CI). Thus, while laser is an effective tool in the treatment of CSME, there is a considerable unmet clinical need for CSME-CI.