Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For early stage of HCC, surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the mainstay curative treatments. However, recurrence is still a major issue after the surgery or RFA. According to our previous report, the cumulated recurrence rate for small HCV-HCC was 72.4% at 5 year. PEG-interferon plus RBV treatment is the standard of care for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Taiwan. NHIRD data showed that PEG-IFN plus RBV treatment can reduce 12% of recurrence rate in 5 years (64% vs 52%) after curative resection of HCC. However, only selected patients are eligible and tolerable to IFN-based treatment after surgical resection and the sustained virological response varied.