At the time of the implant placement a bone core will be harvested from each site of the implant locations for histological analysis. For the bone samples in this study, a hollow (trephine) bur, rather than solid bur, will be used to allow for sampling. A trephine bur with 3-4 mm diameter will be used. The core size will not exceed the amount of bone removal required for designated implants. Removal of bone is standard during implant placement in order to create space for the fixture.