In 1996, Owens et al. reported the open surgical revision of 75 patients from which 23 patients had a JIB as their primary procedure. Specific subgroup analysis was not provided. In 2005, khaitan et al. reported 37 patients who underwent 39 bariatric revisions, either open or laparoscopic. Originally, five had a JI bypass from which two were initially approached laparoscopically. However, specific subgroup analysis was not provided.