Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common and costly diseases in medicine affecting nearly 10% of the population. It is also the most costly urologic disease with an estimated ten billion dollars per year in associated healthcare expenditures towards treating this condition. One of the biggest obstacles in controlling the growing incidence of the disease is better preventative care, especially considering that one third to one half of the patients who have a single stone event will have another stone within the next ten to fifteen years. Despite decades of research on preventative strategies to reduce stone recurrences there are only a handful of dietary and medical treatments with strong evidence supporting their use.