Chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% w/v mouthwash was prescribed after surgery (10 mL 3 times per day for 7 days, starting 4 hrs after surgery). OUTCOMES Definition of successful outcome The successful outcome for palatally displaced canine was defined as the full eruption of the tooth, thus permitting bracket positioning for final arch alignment when needed. Unsuccessful outcome was represented by the lack of eruption of the permanent canine (impaction) at the completion of the clinical observation period (48 months after the initial observation).