By using the ES task, our group has recently demonstrated in a functional MRI study with PD patients that dopamine modulates emotional conflict resolution by "normalizing" the activity of rACC, which was hypoactivate in the off-drug state compared to the on-drug state and to healthy controls. The rACC receives massive dopamine projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and thus is part of the cortico-subcortical limbic loop. Therefore, these findings would support the implication of this circuitry in emotional decoding disturbances in PD and match with the hypothesis proposed that dopaminergic mesolimbic degeneration would underlie mood manifestations and psychic NMF of the disorder. It is well demonstrated that STN-DBS improves levodopa-sensitive motor symptoms of PD. STN-DBS does not change overall cognitive function, except for some impairment in executive functions like verbal fluency but, in an experimental scenario, it has been proved to increase impulsivity during cognitive tasks in PD patients. However, its clinical effect in the affective domain of PD is highly controversial and there is only very limited data regarding emotional processing. A few available studies comparing patients before and after surgery point to a worsening in facial emotion and prosody recognition. These findings could not be replicated in a more recent work. Such studies however do not take into account the desensitization of the dopaminergic system related to marked decrease in medication after STN DBS. Because of the major changes in dopaminergic treatment and chronic desensitization all studies which do not compare stimulation conditions should be interpreted very cautiously. In our opinion, due to the large available clinical data that demonstrate behavioral changes after STN-DBS, and considering the anatomic overlapping of STN functional subdivisions, it is likely that stimulation would exert some effect over the limbic basal ganglia loop even with electrodes that are well implanted in the sensorimotor territory and thus, induce changes in both motor and affective domains, even though with some dissociation.