- three independent surgeons: using a standardized methodology (patient on standing position against a black background), two digital photographs (JPG format, 800x600 pixels resolution, 16x106 colours, 24 bit) will be taken preoperatively (for comparison) and 60 days from surgery, one consisting of a close up of the umbilical area and a large view including just the full abdomen. A Likert scale will be used independently by the three surgeons to score the photographs from 1 to 5 (1= very poor, 2= poor, 3= satisfactory, 4= good, 5= very good) in all cases. The mean value will be considered objective evaluation of cosmetic outcome.