Benefits to participants will include participation in prevention, care and support activities in the intervention areas (see separate description of intervention activities). Subject to confirmation that these activities are effective, the researchers and programme managers are committed to ensuring that similar programmes will be introduced within each control area two years after the study is initiated in that area. In all areas, participants will be offered free treatment of STDs identified in the survey. Free information sheets on HIV-1 infection and AIDS which address gaps in information identified in the earlier study in Honde Valley will be made available to study participants in all areas during the baseline survey. Risks of participation in the research team or as a community member are believed to be low. Rigorous procedures are to be followed to avoid needle-stick injuries and to ensure confidentiality of information obtained, standard treatments will be offered for STDs diagnosed and established tests and associated procedures, which have proved to be very reliable in Zimbabwean settings, will be used for HIV-1 diagnosis, in particular, where results are to be made available to participants.