Background and Significance In 2010, 11.5% of all Gulf War-II Veterans were unemployed; that figure rose to 15.2% in January 2011 and continues to grow as the number of Veterans from recent wars increases (United States Department of Labor, 2011; Seal et al., 2009). The prevalence of mental illness among Veterans is also notable; estimates range from 31% (Seal et al., 2007) to nearly 37% (Seal et al., 2009) for any psychiatric disorder, and over half of these Veterans are diagnosed with more than one psychiatric condition (Seal et al., 2007). In addition, empirical evidence suggests that some mental disorders are more prevalent in Veterans than in the general population (Kessler et al., 2005). Linking unemployment and mental illness, a recent study found that 65% of Veterans using VA healthcare were unemployed, and compared to employed Veterans, the unemployed were more likely to have depression, bipolar disorder, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, or substance use disorders. Vocational dysfunction was reported most often in disabled Veterans with schizophrenia, PTSD, and substance use disorders (Zivin et al., 2011). Not surprisingly, this study also found that unemployed Veterans had significantly lower income than employed persons. Similarly, a large study focusing specifically on Veterans with PTSD concluded that vocational dysfunction is a notable problem among this group, as they were significantly less likely to be employed after participating in VA work programs compared with participants without the disorder (Resnick & Rosenheck, 2008). Because most individuals with mental illness desire to work in regular competitive employment (McQuilken et al., 2003), the nationwide problem of unemployment among Veterans with mental illness is particularly troubling.