Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a frequently used modality of respiratory support for premature neonates in the setting of respiratory insufficiency or recent weaning from invasive ventilation. Synchronized NIV is effective at decreasing respiratory effort as compared to unsynchronized NIV and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) [Chang]. Synchronizing NIV in premature neonates to the patient's own respiratory efforts is difficult because of the large air leaks, weak inspiratory efforts, and high respiratory rates inherent to this population [Vignaux].