The first component of the study investigated associations among discrimination, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors, and used data from Exam IV (1992-1993) of CARDIA, a multi-site longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factors among Black and white men and women. Analyses examined the association between blood pressure and discrimination based on race/ethnicity, gender, social class, sexual orientation, and religion, and took into account response to unfair treatment. To assess for effect modification, separate analyses were performed for the eight strata defined by the sampling strategy: Black/white x male/female x equal to or less than high school/more than high school. Additional multivariate analyses examined whether, within the four gender/education strata, discrimination contributed to Black/white differences in blood pressure, adjusting for relevant covariates. Other analyses explored the relationship between discrimination, response to unfair treatment, and other possible cardiovascular risk factors, including hostility, body fat distribution, lipid fractions, blood glucose, skin color, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs), and body self-image.