Disproportionate rates of mental illness and HIV/STIs among African Americans (AA) reflect significant health disparities. AAs account for more HIV/AIDS cases, people living with HIV/AIDS, and HIV-related deaths than any other racial group in the US. In 2004, HIV was the 3rd leading cause of death among Black women, and in 2006, AA women accounted for 66% of new AIDS cases among women. AA youth ages 13 - 19 comprise approximately 16% of US teens but 69% of new AIDS cases. Most infections among AA women and girls occur through sexual activity, and AA girls report more risky sex, less condom use, and lower perceived HIV risk than AA boys. Racial disparities also exist for AAs in rates of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Among 15 - 19 year old AA girls, gonorrhea rates are higher than any other race/age/gender group, and almost half of AA women have an STI. Important linkages exist between HIV/STIs and mental health; Mental illness is linked to HIV through greater risk taking, poor health promotion, and reduced effects of behavioral interventions for teens and adults.