1. patients who require: fibrinolysis, full-dose therapeutic anticoagulation (e.g. vitamin K antagonists, dabigatran, heparin, hirudin, etc.), or high-dose antiplatelet therapy. Exceptions: prophylactic low dose heparin or heparin flush as needed for maintenance of an indwelling intravenous device (e.g., enoxaparin 4000 IU s.c. per day) and prophylactic use of antiplatelet therapy (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid up to 325 mg/d, or clopidogrel at 75 mg/d, or equivalent doses of other antiplatelet therapy);