The current protocol consents and enrolls 50 patients with a diagnosis of primary or recurrent bladder cancer by cystoscopy that requires transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) or radical cystectomy (RC). Patients will be identified for participation if known to have bladder cancer and have recurrent tumor on office cystoscopy, or may present for a new hematuria work up and have evidence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) on office cystoscopy.