The current low cure rates in most patients with advanced hematologic cancers indicate the need to identify new agents that can be incorporated with current therapies to improve prognosis. The vinca alkaloids are effective broad-spectrum anti-leukemic drugs. Microtubules are a major structural component of cells. They play a role in cell shape, cellular polarity, cellular movement, intracellular transport and the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. The cellular microtubule dynamics are highly regulated. As cells enter mitosis, the interphase microtubules disappear and are replaced with a new network of microtubules that interact with the mitotic spindle. Disruption of these new microtubules leads to cell cycle arrest. These important and highly labile microtubule arrays comprising the mitotic spindle are the principal target of oncologic antimitotic compounds. Known antimitotic agents fall into three classes, the vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine), taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel), and colchicine-site binders. There are no colchicine-site agents currently approved for cancer chemotherapy. These three classes of compounds have distinct binding sites on the tubulin subunits. ABT-751 is a novel orally administered antimitotic agent that binds to the colchicine site on beta-tubulin and inhibits polymerization of microtubules.