Background: Pediatric digestive endoscopies (gastroscopy and colonoscopy) are invasive procedures. All endoscopic procedure are conducted in the operating room either under intravenous (IV) sedation or general anesthesia. More than 50% of procedures are performed using IV sedation. The current sedation protocol in the endoscopy suite is a combination of Midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and Fentanyl (1 microgram/kg) in all children. The children undergoing colonoscopies receive and additional administration of Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg).