Some five million people in the U.K have asthma. The British Guidelines on Asthma recommend self management education and the issuing of written personal asthma action plans. The use of such self management education has been shown to be associated with an up to 40% reduction in hospitalisation rates and a 20% reduction in Emergency Department attendances and similar benefits in terms of symptoms and time off work. In asthma, the results are best when the patients are provided with a personalised written action plan explaining how to alter their medications according to a variety of circumstances. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of hospitalisation in the U.K. and is the fourth biggest single cause of death. A recent Cochrane review regarding the value of self management education in COPD has led to equivocal results although it has shown that those with COPD are willing to take control of their own conditions. The reasons for different outcomes in asthma and COPD may reflect an inadequate number of trials of the wrong type; interventions that were not appropriate or do not work; lack of the use of written action plans; or assessment of benefit using the wrong outcomes.