In our investigator-initiated, double-center, single-blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial a total number of 40 patients with bladder cancer undergoing open radical cystectomy and urinary diversion (ileal conduit or orthotopic bladder substitute) will be enrolled and randomized into two groups. Standard lung protective mechanical ventilation with the use of 6 cmH2O of PEEP and low tidal volumes (6mL/Kg IBW), a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.5 and a respiratory rate to maintain an end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) between 35-40 mmHg will be performed in control group, and a strategy of lung protective mechanical ventilation applying an optimal, individual PEEP determined by static pulmonary compliance (Cstat) directed PEEP titration procedure will be performed in study group.