Melanoma is the first cancer in terms of increasing frequency in France. Prevention can be efficient in detecting melanoma with good prognosis but mortality remains unchanged and 15 to 20% of patients still die from melanoma. Indeed metastatic melanoma is a heterogeneous highly and multiple mutations driven cancer which is highly resistant to conventional treatments. Significant survival benefit was demonstrated since 2011 with anti-CTLA4 and anti PD1 antibodies and BRAF and MEK inhibitors .Future improvement of advanced melanoma prognosis will rely on clinico-epidemiological studies and on biological studies aiming to validate and identify new prognostic and predictive factors based upon clinico-epidemiological and histological data, genomic host and tumor alterations, tumor microenvironment characteristics, individual immunological profile and functional imaging. In the context of marketing of costly innovative molecules in this indication, an assessment of resource consumption is required, with prospective collection of economic data on treatment and toxicity. Large biobanks collecting data from cohorts of advanced melanoma are mandatory for such projects.