Knowledge Gap It is believed that the mechanism of sleep apnoea in dialysis patients are related to overactive chemoreceptors, which cause destabilisation of the respiratory drive and periodic breathing during the night [13]. Since the chemoreceptors can be triggered by inflammatory blood toxins, which accumulate in kidney failure [14], it is proposed that better clearance of these molecules can improve symptoms and outcomes of sleep apnoea. These molecules are poorly removed by standard haemodialysis [15] and are thought to cause the symptomatic effects of poor kidney function and inflammation, which are associated with poor sleep quality [16].