1. Torres JC in 1991 was the first to propose this strategy with a cohort of 140 patients followed for 5 years (90.5% follow-up rate). Analyzed traditional outcome measures were early (2.1%) and late (27%) morbidity including protein-calorie malnutrition (7%); %EWL at 1,2,3,4,and 5 years were 89.5%, 91%, 87%, 82.5%, 82.5%, respectively; and re-operations.