To evaluate the independent association of subclinical carotid disease (carotid intima-media thickness and carotid distensibility) and the incidence of stroke, MI or vascular death after adjusting for conventional modifiable vascular risk factors, as well as novel vascular risk factors such as homocysteine, high density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations, and insulin resistance.3. To compare the prevalence of subclinical vascular brain disease as measured by quantitative MRI, including white matter hyperintensities, silent infarcts, and silent cerebral microbleeds, in each race/ethnic subgroup and determine the association between subclinical brain disease and modifiable vascular risk factors measured up to 10 years prior to MRI. Vascular risk factors will include baseline and repeated measures of conventional modifiable conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, lipid levels, cigarette smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, as well as less-well documented factors such as homocysteine, HDL subpopulations, and insulin resistance. 4. To determine the relationship between subclinical vascular brain diseases and cognitive impairment, particularly diminished performance in frontal executive tests, and whether these MRI findings help explain cognitive performance differences among whites, blacks and Hispanics after adjusting for age and education.5. To explore whether subclinical vascular brain diseases are important predictors of stroke, MI or vascular death. Beginning in Summer 2005, some new aims were added as follows: 1) to determine whether aortic arch abnormalities and/or cardiac abnormalities, and/or 24hour blood pressure levels and changes, are independently associated with silent brain infarcts in the elderly; 2) to determine the risk of symptomatic stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death associated with aortic/cardiac/24hour blood pressure abnormalities. As of 2010 the investigators will be collaborating with other institutions under the NINDS Ischemic Stroke Genetics (ISG) study. The aims of the NINDS Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study (NINDS ISG Study; NIH Grant 1 U01 NS06920801) are to:1) Assemble ischemic stroke phenotypic data and high quality DNA data from 10 stroke studies. (Participating studies in the NINDS ISG Study: Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study; Siblings with Ischemic Stroke Study; Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study; Genes Affecting Stroke Risk and Outcome Study/Bugher Network Study; Northern Manhattan Study; Baltimore/Washington Young Stroke Study; Heart and Vascular Health Stroke Study; Nurses Health Study; Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke; Women's Health Initiative). This collaboration has access to 7,033 cases of ischemic stroke and 23,411 study-specific controls. 2) Test for associations with ischemic stroke and its subtypes in the NINDS ISG Study. 3) Replicate and extend associations detected in Aim 1.2 above by taking advantage of other genomewide association studies conducted by other members of the Ischemic Stroke Genetics studies.