There were three components to the study: 1) an analysis of several existing cardiovascular databases for evidence of a significant association between coronary heart disease and specific lipid interactions involving triglycerides; 2) an analysis of these databases to investigate the role of measurement precision on the association between elevated triglyceride levels and coronary heart disease; and 3) a survey of both expert lipidologists and community clinicians to examine current practices related to screening for and treatment of elevated triglyceride levels for the purpose of reducing coronary heart disease risk. Five databases were used in the first two components of this study. These data sets included those of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence and Mortality Follow-up Studies; the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial; the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Type II Coronary Intervention Study; and the Coronary Drug Project. For the first component, detailed statistical analyses of all databases were performed, specifically examining the role of lipid interactions involving triglycerides and their association with coronary heart disease. For the second component, more precise estimates of each subject's lipid levels were recalculated using the multiple lipid measurements already available in each database. Each dataset was then analyzed for evidence of an independent relationship between triglycerides and coronary heart disease and to validate the theoretical findings suggesting that measurement imprecision may explain the difficulty of detecting an independent triglyceride-coronary heart disease association. The public health implications of the current state of knowledge surrounding triglycerides were assessed with survey research techniques in the third component.