At present it is not clear whether it is necessary for lung transplant recipients to participate in a rehabilitation program including structured exercise training. Observations from available studies suggest that exercise capacity and health status improve following transplantation but remain impaired when compared with values of age-matched reference groups. No differences were found between participants of rehabilitation programs and patients engaging in usual daily activities. One should be cautious however to draw definite conclusions from these findings since they rest solely on results of cross-sectional investigations or single group studies. No information on functional outcomes such as participation in physical activities in daily life is currently available in lung transplant recipients. In order to answer the question if it is necessary for lung transplant recipients to participate in an outpatient rehabilitation program including structured exercise training it is our purpose to conduct a randomized clinical trial to investigate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation after transplantation.