Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative pathology characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The main clinical symptoms are akinesia-stiffness-tremor. These motor deficits are due to dysfunction in the network of the basal ganglia that constitute an ensemble of subcortical nuclei involved in movement control and motor learning. The implication of the basal ganglia (BG) in movement sequence learning (i.e. in movement selection processes) has been clearly established. However, their contribution to adaptation of movement execution remains uncertain. Until recently, the vast majority of the studies on motor adaptation have focused on one mechanism in particular: an implicit process through which motor performance is gradually improved on the basis of errors observed in movement execution, recruiting essentially cerebellar loops. Today, a new line of research has emerged seeking to identify different mechanisms contributing to motor adaptation. Specifically, the implication of cognitive strategies and reinforcement learning mechanisms has been the center of several recent studies, which thus have been emphasizing the role of the BG.