The management of MDS has been, until recently, based mostly on supportive care. This includes transfusion support, hematopoietic growth factors, and management of complications. With this management, the disease would run its natural course and the patient eventually died either from progression to acute leukemia or from complications associated with MDS itself (e.g., infections, hemorrhage). Recently, hypomethylating agents have offered promise for the management of patients with MDS. Although both agents have shown efficacy in a subset of patients, responses are usually either partial or hematologic improvement only, with CR rates <10%. In addition, responses have a median duration of less than 12 months. Thus, although both of these agents have improved the outcome of patients with MDS and been approved by the FDA for this purpose, there is clearly need for additional and more effective agents for this disease.