Levels of interferon, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN) , matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 , transforming growth factor (TGF)-β , soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor ligand (RANKL) and crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in the PICF were determined using the MAGpix™ instrument and Xponent® software . The mean concentration of each mediator was calculated using the individual as a statistical unit and expressed as pg/ml.