In some of the recently published trials a clear benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage NSCLC could not be achieved. (Tada et al, 2004; Scagliott et al, 2003; Waller et al, 2004) In marked contrast to these studies, three recent, big randomized trials on early stage NSCLC patients with modern platin-based two-drug chemotherapy-regimens revealed a significant advantage for overall or relapse free survival for chemotherapeutically treated patients. (Arriagada et al, 2004; Winton et al, 2005; Douillard et al, 2006) The majority of patients in the adjuvant treatment setting received a combination of cisplatin and vinorelbine. A pooled analysis of five big randomized studies demonstrated that adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy significantly improves survival in patients with NSCLC (overall HR of death 0.89, P=0.005) corresponding to a 5-year absolute benefit of 5.4% from chemotherapy. (Pignon et al, 2008) However, toxicity and inadequate dose delivery have been critical issues in all trials performed so far. Grade 3/4 toxicities are observed up to 73% with rates of neutropenic fever up to 7%. Up to 77% of the patients had at least one dose reduction or omission and 55% required one dose delay or more, most related to neutropenia. (Pisters et al, 2005; Winton et al, 2005)