Neuropathic pain is a pain which persists after nerve injury has healed and results from significant functional and structural changes in the nervous system similar to memory processes. As a result, neuropathic pain has been proposed to be "a persistence of the memory of pain and/or the inability to extinguish the memory of pain evoked by an initial inciting injury". A firm conclusion in the neurobiology of learning and memory is that different types of memory have distinct mechanisms (e.g., declarative memory vs procedural memory). A similar distinction can be made in pain: various chronic pain states have distinct central mechanisms . Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic pain is a type of nociceptive memory mediated by structural and functional plasticity in by multiple pathways at cortical, subcortical, spinal, and peripheral levels.Elucidating the basal neuronal signature of the person suffering from chronic pain enables to optimizing a treatment which in all studies was constant for all patients regardless of their basal activity