The completion of the human genome project within the final months of the previous millennium, is a landmark of scientific accomplishment. This achievement heralds the importance human and molecular genetics will play in the coming century in medicine. In short, one expects that dissecting the phenotypic aspects of disease to a culprit mutation/variation of a gene or collection of genes, will modify and or augment our present diagnostic ability leading on to new therapeutic interventions that are targeted based on these discoveries.