This study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 was a cross-sectional study designed to describe the iron status of a diverse sample of female collegiate rowers around central New York state. Iron status was screened with a venous blood sample, and demographic and other health and self-reported performance data were also collected. One-hundred and sixty-five female collegiate endurance athletes were screened to identify IDNA subjects (sFer <20 µg/l, Hgb >12 g/dL) for an iron supplementation trial.