Sensitive and rapid point-of-care diagnostics should reduce improve TB treatment outcomes however, tests meeting these criteria have, until recently, been unavailable, especially in PLHIV. PLHIV often have early stage TB disease at the time of ART initiation and paucibacillary sputum. The current frontline test for TB is the Xpert MTB/RIF, which uses the GeneXpert platform, and is deployed primarily at centralised reference laboratories (Clouse et al., 2012; Hanrahan et al., 2015). This approach has two major limitations: 1) the instruments' far-patient placement likely undermines its potential clinical impact; 2) Xpert MTB/RIF has suboptimal sensitivity in PLHIV 3) the GeneXpert platform is primarily used only for TB testing and no other assays such as Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load (VL).