However, labor management has changed substantially since then. Induction of labor, oxytocin use, epidural analgesia, and fetal heart rate monitoring are very common in contemporary practice whereas breech vaginal delivery and mid forceps are rarely performed. The mean body mass of women is significantly higher than it was 50 years ago, which may contribute to the increased fetal size, and the second stage is prolonged, as it increasingly occurs with use of epidural analgesia. Some studies suggested that the Friedman curve was no longer appropriate for induced or actively managed labor.