1.3. Acupuncture treatment The effectiveness of acupuncture has been established for a series of different conditions (12, 13). Up to date there are only two clinical trials studying the effect of acupuncture on the prevention of recurrent UTI, both conducted from the same research group. In one controlled trial of 67 adult women acupuncture was significantly more effective in preventing recurrent UTI compared to sham acupuncture than no treatment over an observation period of 6 months (14). In the second trial of 100 women acupuncture, administered twice weekly for 4 weeks, was significantly more effective in reducing the number of UTIs, but also in reducing the volume of residual urine. Acupuncture points were chosen according to patients´ individual diagnoses following traditional Chinese medical patterns. (15)