However, there have been only a few randomized controlled trials to date that have assessed the effect of IV lidocaine on a patient's pain control. These trials were small single center studies that require independent validation at other institutions and in other surgical populations. In the previous trials, the standard anesthetic technique was not as well controlled as it will be in this trial. If approved this study will add to the scant but promising literature concerning peri-operative lidocaine use for analgesia.