Immunotherapy (such as with PD-L1 inhibition) after ASCT is a promising approach to potentially improve results after ASCT. A first study applying PD-1 inhibition with three applications (every 42 days) of Pidilizumab started between days 30 and 90 after ASCT showed a promising progression-free survival rate of 72% in relapsing DLBCL patients at 16 months after the first Pidilizumab application. These data suggest that immunotherapy after ASCT has the potential to a meaningful improvement of survival rates in DLBCL patients after ASCT.