Original findings obtained by these investigators was the first to indicate that cold liquid swallows reduce airway compromise in dysphagic preterm infants when compared to room temperature liquid. Specifically, the occurrence of deep penetration (p=0.029), aspiration (0.017), mild penetration (p=0.044) and nasopharyngeal reflux (p=0.006) decreased significantly in the cold swallow (CS) condition when compared to the room temperature swallow (RTS) condition during VFSS. Similar findings are documented in adults with dysphagia.(21-35) These positive effects are theorized to occur due to the cold liquid providing the sensory receptors within the pharynx increased sensory information which triggers more efficient swallowing movements.(12,13,21-23)