In China, a recent serogroup distribution study in out-patient department (OPD) patients with acute upper respiratory infections showed that coverage with PCV7 was about 55% for nasopharyngeal carriage pneumococci isolates, and 75% for the penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci isolates from 2000 to 2005 [25], suggesting that PCV7 is effective for preventing pneumococcal infections. Since PCV7 was only licensed in China by May of 2008, there is no data for the effectiveness. For immunization schedule, the manufacturer of PCV7 (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc) recommends to use 3+1 schedule in China as that in US. However, China may NOT have enough resources for mass vaccination as a developing country because PCV7 is very expensive. Therefore, generating our own data in China and developing an alternative immunization schedule, such as 2+1, may have great advantage to save more lives by using a limited resource.