When the JIB related complications present as intractable, severe or recurrent, surgical intervention is required. Liver, either acute liver failure or cirrhosis, (secondary to "PCM" and bacterial overgrowth syndrome) and kidney, either tubulointerstitial nephropathy or renoureteral lithiasis, (secondary to enteric hyperoxaluria and volume depletion) dysfunction are the most frequently described complications leading to death. However, after end stage liver (cirrhosis) and renal diseases are established, good judgment is needed to assess the risk benefit algorithm for operative intervention, as these conditions are irreversible.