Exposure therapy—which involves repeatedly exposing individuals to feared situations to change their fear responses to and beliefs about those situations--has been a mainstay of treatments for anxiety disorders since it was developed in the 1950s. Today, exposure therapy is the most commonly-occurring treatment technique included in well-supported treatments for anxiety disorders, and meta-analyses have indicated that exposure is more strongly associated with treatment gains in anxious youth compared to non-behavioral interventions. Despite its effectiveness, approximately 40% of anxious youth fail to achieve clinically significant benefit from exposure therapy. This indicates that further research is needed regarding strategies for optimizing exposure therapy so that it is effective for a greater proportion of youth.