The overall goal to conduct a prospective observational study to identify the risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes including reproductive tract infections such as BV, and other physical, dental, nutritional, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics. The primary objective is to examine the association between BV in pregnant women at 20-26 weeks gestation and various other biochemical infection markers with adverse pregnancy outcomes (i.e., perinatal mortality [PNM], neonatal mortality, low birth weight [LBW], spontaneous preterm delivery [SPTD], premature rupture of membranes [PROM], histological chorioamnionitis).