Study participation was approximately 3 months long for each subject and involved 11 on-site (IUPUI campus) study visits. All information and data gathered from subjects were self-report and in the form of pencil and paper surveys. Data for each subject was collected at baseline and twice weekly, 2-5 days apart, over a 12-week time period. For data collection during off-site collection points (first and final 4-week study phases), participants were prompted to complete the measures (provided in a binder at the start of the study) via a phone call, text message, or email reminder from the PI or research assistant. Measures completed off-site during the first 4 week study phase was collected by the PI or research assistant at the study visit appointment which also began the intervention study phase. During the second 4-week study phase, all data was collected on site just prior to and after the massage intervention. Measures completed off-site during the final 4-week study phase (withdrawal phase) was collected by the PI or research assistant at the final on-site, data collection study visit.