Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive procedure considered as the treatment of choice for the management of large-scale and fully-formed kidney stones.This procedure has a 5% risk of complications including bleeding, the lesion of the collecting system, the risk of urinary infection and bacteremia. New surgical tools such as dilatation of the nephrostomy tract with mechanical dilatation contribute to the reduction of these risks, together with an improvement in the operative times and a lower rate of complications.