As for the ophthalmic problems, ophthalmic challenges following preterm birth are numerous and morbid ocular conditions are not rare. The threat to visual development of prematurity does not end when the retina is fully vascularised and the risk of ROP has passed. The risk of blindness for babies of birth weight <1500 g is increased over 25 times compared to children born at full term. The conditions which result severe visual loss include ROP, cerebral vision impairment, cataracts and optic atrophy, whereas other conditions, primarily amblyopia, may result in better visual outcome. Effects of prematurity on ocular and neurological development include retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), refractive error, strabismus, cerebral visual impairment, colour vision deficits, reduced contrast sensitivity (CS), visual field defects, and decreased visual acuity (VA). Many of these factors are not independent of each other. Among them, refractive error is a really common disorder. These can cause significant disability which can impact life's activities and, qualities.