The experience of face and hand composite tissue transplantations reported in the international community have mainly concerned trauma patients. Feasibility and individual benefit have been demonstrated for these indications, in properly selected patients. The first laryngeal transplantation also concerned a case of post-traumatic reconstruction. A certain number of patients, who have suffered direct (extended period of intubation during a stay in the ICU, road traffic accident etc.) or indirect trauma (thermal or chemical burns) to the larynx, present irreversible trauma or injury to the larynx in which conventional treatments are unable to restore laryngeal function. These patients find themselves severely disabled, with a significant reduction in their quality of life. They suffer from stigmatization which leads to social isolation (professional and personal). In some circumstances, providing healthy tissue and anatomical or functional components (cartilage, muscle, nerves, blood vessels) by means of an allogeneic laryngeal transplantation, is the only way of allowing patients, whose quality of life has been seriously affected, to speak, breath and swallow normally. The extremely promising results from other international teams in this area have encouraged the investigators to present this project.