It has been suggested that parsing this underlying variability should take precedence over generalities regarding the effect of TBI on memory when conceptualizing or treating memory disorders in this population8 Nevertheless, many rehabilitation programs utilize a "one size fits all" approach to memory training, based (typically) on training compensatory strategies, with no training specifically targeted to the identifiable component processes of memory that could be differentially impaired (encoding, consolidation/storage, and retrieval), and which might respond differentially to more specifically targeted treatment. This situation in clinical practice is due to the lack of evidence upon which to base informed decision-making in allocating specifically targeted memory re-training for individual survivors of TBI, based on clinical test results identifying which memory component processes are impaired (encoding, consolidation/storage, and retrieval). Because of this, there is little attempt to appropriately match patient impairment to targeted treatments.