Chronic low back pain is a major public heath challenge for a number of reasons including prevalence, seriousness, vulnerable populations, the utility of population health strategies, and the importance of prevention at both the population and individual levels. Its incidence and prevalence are increasing with an aging population and the rise in obesity. When considering the location of chronic pain and its aetiology, back pain was the most common location with arthritis/osteoarthritis being the most common cause. Chronic low back back pain is costly to nations—not just in terms of health care expenditures and disability compensation but also in terms of lost school days, lost productivity and employment, reduced incomes, and lost potential and quality of life.