In sum, CIAKI is a common iatrogenic. Up to date the suggested treatments for CIAKI are partially effective and have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration yet. The lack of effective nephroprotective drug for CIAKI, emphasizes the need not only for additional new drugs but also for new strategies that might also clarify CIAKI pathophysiology. To the best of our knowledge, the potentially beneficial effect of carnitine and PDE5 inhibitors on CIAKI prevention has not been examined, so far.