As the current regimens cannot eradicate HIV infection, persons living with HIV are doomed to assume chronic therapies with often very demanding daily schedules. In the long run, this may lead to reduced adherence to therapy, to incomplete suppression of viral replication and to the emergence of resistant viruses that can vanish the patients' efforts. Furthermore with continued exposure to antiretroviral drugs, patients have begun to experience new adverse effects including body fat redistribution, dislipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, osteopenia and the fear of unexpected complications such as cardiovascular diseases has raised. A variety of strategies has emerged to try to help the long-term management of HAART. Researchers have focused their attention on the development of simpler regimens. An alternative approach involves various types of structured treatment interruptions (STI). Several different roles have been claimed for STIs. They have been postulated to enhance specific immune response and allow control of viral replication, in the absence of continuous HAART, in seroconverters. In advanced treatment failures STIs has been suggested to favor the overgrowth of wild-type virus in the peripheral circulation and thus facilitate the "disappearance" of resistance mutations. In chronically infected patients without virologic failure STIs have been explored to boost HIV specific immune responses and, more recently, to reduce drug exposure, promote adherence and minimize drug-related morbidity .