In several phase II studies of the Carboplatin/Gemcitabine regimen in patients with stages IIIB and IV NSCLC, objective response rate ranged from 25%-59%, with median survival of 10-16 months (17,18). In a phase II trial, Carrato et al (19) compared 21 day and 28-day schedules of the Gemcitabine/Carboplatin regimen in 75 advanced NSCLC patients. Patients received Gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 on days 1,8 and 15 with Carboplatin AUC 5 on day 1 every 28 days, or a modified regimen omitting the day 15 Gemcitabine dose and repeating cycles every 21 days. Incidence of grades 3 and 4 neutropenia were 52% and 38%, respectively with the 28 day regimen, and decreased to 39% and 23% with the modified regimen. Significant reductions in rates of grades 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia were noted from 45% and 61%, respectively, in the 28 day cohort to 24% (P=0.04) and 17% (P=0.002) respectively, in the 21 day group. Response rate (46% and 37%, respectively) and median survival time (38 wks for both schedules) were maintained in both groups of patients. Furthermore, higher dose intensities of both Gemcitabine and Carboplatin were achieved every 3 wk vs every 4 wk schedules (Gemcitabine 1,133 v 1,002 mg/wk: Carboplatin 162 v 124 mg/wk) (20). Results from current phase III trials (21,22) are also consistent in showing good activity and tolerability of the Carboplatin/Gemcitabine combination in advanced NSCLC, and establish this regimen as an appealing approach for treating this disease. On the basis of above discussion we have chosen Carboplatin/Gemcitabine as one of the doublets we will use in our study. The other doublet we are using in our study is Carboplatin/Paclitaxel. Several studies have shown response rate of approximately 30% with median survival 8-11 months (23,24,25). Toxicity was mild. Grades 3,4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia were seen in 15%, 2% and 5% respectively (25). Dose finding studies (26,27) of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in advanced NSCLC have shown that doses of Paclitaxel higher than 175 mg/m2 prolongs the median time to progression but causes more neurotoxicity and leucopenia. Also, better response rate, the longer overall and better one-year survival seen with the higher dose of Paclitaxel were not statistically significant.