Patients at MMC undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TA TAVR) routinely receive a paravertebral block for analgesia. This has the added benefit of providing a unilateral sympathectomy which may be analogous to a stellate ganglion block, albeit via a different technique. In a recent retrospective chart review, TA TAVR block patients showed a decreased rate of new onset POAF. Furthermore, when studying whether pre-emptive stellate ganglion block increases the patency of radial artery grafts in coronary bypass surgery, researchers found a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.048) in atrial fibrillation and the use of anti-arrhythmic agents. Unfortunately, this was a secondary outcome in a small patient population and, while suggestive, the study was not sufficiently powered to draw a definitive conclusion. Importantly, however, they reported no complications related to the block in the fifty patients who received an intervention. Lastly, an additional study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of stellate ganglion mapping and ablation during CABG while also suggesting a clinically significant effect on POAF, but used a permanent, technically complex and time intensive procedure.