3. Treatment phase (6 weeks): Subjects commence the study treatment at the lowest protocol-specified dose. If assigned to Novolin Toronto insulin, this is 20 international units (IU) twice daily (BID). Return visits to the clinic occur every two weeks for dose escalation. The dose increase is 40 IU BID, then 80 IU BID. Subjects assigned to normal saline receive a volume equivalent to the total volume given to the subjects taking insulin. Visits during the treatment phase also include safety bloodwork, serial blood glucose measurements every 15 minutes for a 2 hour period, review of any hypoglycemia, adverse events, changes to concomitant medications, assessment of neuropathy, questionnaires, teaching, and study treatment accountability/compliance assessment. The study completes at the 11 week time period, immediately prior to which the second nerve conduction study and corneal confocal microscopy is completed.