PMN have a short life-span and spontaneously undergo apoptosis in the living body. Although neutropenia in cirrhotic patients is associated with the presence of splenomegaly and increased clearance of granulocytes in the spleen, the complete sequence of events leading to neutropenia in cirrhosis is at present unknown. Although neutrophils are programmed to undergo apoptosis at the time of differentiation, the rate of apoptosis is under the regulation of external factors. Therefore, changes in the rate of PMN apoptosis are likely to occur in the setting of cirrhosis. The rate of apoptosis and its contribution in in cirrhotic patients with or without neutropenia and hypersplenism need further evaluation.