Traumatic injury to the peripheral nerves is most common in the young population with high associated costs to the patient, as well as to society. These range from acute healthcare cost to loss of productivity and rehabilitation. Despite major efforts in improving surgical technique, functional outcome has not significantly improved in the past thirty years. Irreversible denervation, atrophy of target muscles, and deranged sensation secondary to slow or aberrant axonal outgrowth remains a significant challenge. Although pre-operative conditioning of the injured peripheral nerve with electrical stimulation has shown promise in animal studies, it has not been tested in humans.