Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced mortality and morbidity of HIV-infected patients by decreasing the incidence of opportunistic infections and HIV-related malignancies such as Kaposi sarcoma. However, the frequency of NHL remains increased in these patients. Moreover, their prognostic remains poor comparing to HIV negative patients. This is mainly due to the type of NHL (aggressive B, and frequent stage IV) but also host factors such as immunodeficiency, co-infections (EBV, HHV8), and chemotherapy-HAART interactions. In the lack of new and significantly more efficient treatments, therapeutic intensification such as high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT), already tested in relapsed or partially responding HIV negative patients, could be an option in HAART controlled HIV+ patients with NHL, rather in first complete remission (CR) but with initially high International Prognosis Index (IPI above or equal to 2), or in second CR, whatever initial IPI. Positive selection CD34+ cells is an approach for depleting grafts of tumour cells and HIV DNA. However the delayed lymphocyte recovery following this process, may lead to increased incidence of opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV-infected patients. OI prophylaxis will be systematically associated.