1. Background The results obtained in clinical research led to a new paradigm for the treatment of patients affected with multiple sclerosis (MS): "no evidence of disease activity". This means having each patient monitored with high quality imaging. To this purpose, researchers have developed segmentation algorithms for automated reading of MRIs, facilitating longitudinal comparisons, and allowing an accurate assessment of the number and the volume of focal lesions. We have thus a powerful strategic biomarker for the treatment of MS.