17. The CL does not clearly reflect the following elements of torture as defined in article 1 of CAT: mental torture; the involvement of a public official directly or at the instigation or consent or with the acquiescence of a public official or another person acting in an official capacity; and infliction of the act for a specific purpose, such as extracting a confession, obtaining information, punishment, intimidation, discrimination.
17. 《刑法》没有明确反映《禁止酷刑公约》第1条所界定的下列酷刑内容：精神上的酷刑，11 直接涉及公职人员或在其唆使、同意或默许下以官方身份行使职权的其他人；行为的实施是为了某种具体目的，如得到招供、获得情报、处罚、恫吓或歧视。