In some countries, the upper parts of this `ladder &apos; are constituted by organized programmes of joint part-time employment and part-time participation in the regular school and university system: such programmes have come to be known as the `dual system &apos; or equivalent terms in these countries.
In some countries, the upper parts of this &apos; ladder &apos; are constituted by organized programmes of joint part-time employment and part-time participation in the regular school and university system: such programmes have come to be known as the &apos; dual system &apos; or equivalent terms in these countries.