1670)*صنغاي (c. 1340–1591)*إمبراطورية برنو (1396–1893)*Kingdom of Baguirmi (1522–1897)*Dendi Kingdom (1591–1901)*Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–1851)*Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)*Toucouleur Empire (1836–1890)*Aghlabid Sicily (827–909)*Volga Bulgaria (7th century–1240s)*Emirate of Crete (820s–961)*Avar Khanate (early 13th–19th century)*Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)*Crimean Khanate (1441–1783)*Nogai Horde (1440s–1634)*Qasim Khanate (1452–1681)*Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556)*Khanate of Sibir (1490–1598)*House of Crnojević (1515–1530)*Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831)*Pashalik of Berat (1774–1809)*Pashalik of Yanina (1788–1822)*House of Zogu (1928–1939)*Caliphate of Córdoba (756–1017, 1023–1031)*Taifa of Alpuente (1009–1106)*Taifa of Badajoz (1009–1151)*Taifa of Morón (1010–1066)*Taifa of Toledo (1010–1085)*Taifa of Tortosa (1010–1099)*Taifa of Arcos (1011–1145)*Taifa of Almería (1010–1147)*Taifa of Denia (1010–1227)*Taifa of Valencia (1010–1238)*Taifa of Murcia (1011–1266)*Taifa of Albarracín (1012–1104)*Taifa of Zaragoza (1013–1110)*Taifa of Granada (1013–1145)*Taifa of Carmona (1013–1150)*Taifa of Santa María de Algarve (1018–1051)*Taifa of Mallorca (1018–1203)*Taifa of Lisbon (1022–1093)*Taifa of Seville (1023–1091)*Taifa of Niebla (1023–1262)*Taifa of Córdoba (1031–1091)*Taifa of Mértola (1033–1151)*Taifa of Algeciras (1035–1058)*Taifa of Ronda (1039–1065)*Taifa of Silves (1040–1151)*Taifa of Málaga (1073–1239)*Taifa of Molina (c. 1080's–1100)*Taifa of Lorca (1228–1250)*Taifa of Menorca (1228–1287)*Emirate of Granada (1228–1492)*Ziyadid dynasty (819–1018)*Sharif of Mecca (967–1925) Since 1631*Uyunid dynasty (1076–1240)*Rasulid (1229–1454)*Kathiri (Hadhramaut) (1395–1967)*Jabrids (15th–16th century)*Tahiride (1454–1526)*Qawasim Dynasty (Ras al Khaymah) (1727–present)*House of Saud (1744–present)*House of Al-Sabah (1752–present)*Al Nahyan family (1761–present)*Ajman (18th Century–present)*Qawasim Dynasty (Sharjah) (18th century–present)*Umm al-Quwain (1775–present)*Al Khalifa family (1783–present)*Mahra Sultanate (18th century–1967)*House of Thani (1825–present)*Al Maktoum (1833–present)*Al Rashid (1836–1921)*Upper Yafa (19th century–1967)*Sharqi Dynasty (1876–present)*Qu'aiti (1902–1967)*Emirate of Beihan (1903–1967)*الخلافة الأموية (661–750)*الخلافة العباسية (750–1258)*الأراتقة (11th–12th century)*بوريون (1104–1154)*زنكيون (1127–1250)*أيوبيون (1171–1341)*بابانيون (1649–1850)* (1921–1958)* (1921–present)*Mengujekids (1071–1277)*Saltukids (1072–1202)*سلاجقة الروم (1077–1307)*Ahlatshahs (1100–1207)*Chobanids (1227–1309)*Karamanids (c. 1250–1487)*Pervâneoğlu (1261–1322)*Menteşe (c. 1261–1424)*Ahis (c. 1380–1362)*Hamidids (c. 1280–1374)*الدولة العثمانية (1299–1923)*Ladik (c. 1300–1368)*Isfendiyarids (Jandarids, c. 1300–1461)*Teke (1301–1423)*Sarukhanids (1302–1410)*Karasids (1303–1360)*Aydinids (1307–1425)*Ramadanids (1352–1516)*Shirvanshah (799–1579)*Dulafid dynasty (early 9th century–897)*Samanid dynasty (819–999)*Tahirid dynasty (821–873)*Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)*Sajids (889–929)*Farighunid (late 9th–early 11th centuries)*Ma'danids (late 9th–11th centuries)*Ormus (10th–17th centuries)*Sallarid (942–979)*Shaddadid (951–1199)*Rawadid (955–1071)*Annazid (990–1116)*هذبانيون (11th century)*Seljuq dynasty (11th–14th centuries)*Hazaraspids (1148–1424)*Khorshidi dynasty (1155–1597)*Mihrabanids (1236–1537)*Muzaffarids (1335–1393)* Ilisu sultanate (????
1670)*Songhai Empire (c. 1340–1591)*Bornu Empire (1396–1893)*Kingdom of Baguirmi (1522–1897)*Dendi Kingdom (1591–1901)*Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–1851)*Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)*Toucouleur Empire (1836–1890)==Europe=====Sicily===*Aghlabid Sicily (827–909)===Eastern Europe and Russia===*Volga Bulgaria (7th century–1240s)*Emirate of Crete (820s–961)*Avar Khanate (early 13th–19th century)*Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)*Crimean Khanate (1441–1783)*Nogai Horde (1440s–1634)*Qasim Khanate (1452–1681)*Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556)*Khanate of Sibir (1490–1598)*House of Crnojević (1515–1530)*Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831)*Pashalik of Berat (1774–1809)*Pashalik of Yanina (1788–1822)*House of Zogu (1928–1939)===Spain and Portugal===*Caliphate of Córdoba (756–1017, 1023–1031)*Taifa of Alpuente (1009–1106)*Taifa of Badajoz (1009–1151)*Taifa of Morón (1010–1066)*Taifa of Toledo (1010–1085)*Taifa of Tortosa (1010–1099)*Taifa of Arcos (1011–1145)*Taifa of Almería (1010–1147)*Taifa of Denia (1010–1227)*Taifa of Valencia (1010–1238)*Taifa of Murcia (1011–1266)*Taifa of Albarracín (1012–1104)*Taifa of Zaragoza (1013–1110)*Taifa of Granada (1013–1145)*Taifa of Carmona (1013–1150)*Taifa of Santa María de Algarve (1018–1051)*Taifa of Mallorca (1018–1203)*Taifa of Lisbon (1022–1093)*Taifa of Seville (1023–1091)*Taifa of Niebla (1023–1262)*Taifa of Córdoba (1031–1091)*Taifa of Mértola (1033–1151)*Taifa of Algeciras (1035–1058)*Taifa of Ronda (1039–1065)*Taifa of Silves (1040–1151)*Taifa of Málaga (1073–1239)*Taifa of Molina (c. 1080's–1100)*Taifa of Lorca (1228–1250)*Taifa of Menorca (1228–1287)*Emirate of Granada (1228–1492)==Asia=====Arabian Peninsula===*Ziyadid dynasty (819–1018)*Sharif of Mecca (967–1925) Since 1631*Uyunid dynasty (1076–1240)*Rasulid (1229–1454)*Kathiri (Hadhramaut) (1395–1967)*Jabrids (15th–16th century)*Tahiride (1454–1526)*Qawasim Dynasty (Ras al Khaymah) (1727–present)*House of Saud (1744–present)*House of Al-Sabah (1752–present)*Al Nahyan family (1761–present)*Ajman (18th Century–present)*Qawasim Dynasty (Sharjah) (18th century–present)*Umm al-Quwain (1775–present)*Al Khalifa family (1783–present)*Mahra Sultanate (18th century–1967)*House of Thani (1825–present)*Al Maktoum (1833–present)*Al Rashid (1836–1921)*Upper Yafa (19th century–1967)*Sharqi Dynasty (1876–present)*Qu'aiti (1902–1967)*Emirate of Beihan (1903–1967)===Syria and Iraq===*Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)*Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)*Artuqids (11th–12th century)*Burid dynasty (1104–1154)*Zengid dynasty (1127–1250)*Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341)*Baban (1649–1850)*Hashemite Dynasty of Iraq (1921–1958)*Hashemite Dynasty of Jordan (1921–present)===Asia Minor (Modern Turkey) ===*Mengujekids (1071–1277)*Saltukids (1072–1202)*Sultanate of Rum (1077–1307)*Ahlatshahs (1100–1207)*Chobanids (1227–1309)*Karamanids (c. 1250–1487)*Pervâneoğlu (1261–1322)*Menteşe (c. 1261–1424)*Ahis (c. 1380–1362)*Hamidids (c. 1280–1374)*Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)*Ladik (c. 1300–1368)*Isfendiyarids (Jandarids, c. 1300–1461)*Teke (1301–1423)*Sarukhanids (1302–1410)*Karasids (1303–1360)*Aydinids (1307–1425)*Ramadanids (1352–1516)===Iran and Caucasus===*Shirvanshah (799–1579)*Dulafid dynasty (early 9th century–897)*Samanid dynasty (819–999)*Tahirid dynasty (821–873)*Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)*Sajids (889–929)*Farighunid (late 9th–early 11th centuries)*Ma'danids (late 9th–11th centuries)*Ormus (10th–17th centuries)*Sallarid (942–979)*Shaddadid (951–1199)*Rawadid (955–1071)*Annazid (990–1116)*Hadhabani (11th century)*Seljuq dynasty (11th–14th centuries)*Hazaraspids (1148–1424)*Khorshidi dynasty (1155–1597)*Mihrabanids (1236–1537)*Muzaffarids (1335–1393)* Ilisu sultanate (????