(أ) من جهة، لا ينبغي إعفاء مرتكب الانتهاكات من مسؤوليته الجنائية لكونه قد تصرف بناء على أمر تلقاه من رئيسه.
(a) On the one hand, the fact that the person allegedly responsible for a violation acted on the order of a superior should not exonerate him or her from his or her criminal liability.