ونتيجة لذلك، تتصل الحضارات المختلفة بعضها ببعض في فترة زمنية قصيرة جدا وعلى نحو يشمل المجتمعات بأسرها.
As a result, different civilizations come into contact with each other in a very short span of time and in such a way as to involve entire societies.