In such circumstances, Chávez can afford to be bold, despite his policies’ failure to benefit his core constituency: the more than 50% of Venezuelans who live in destitution and despair. Poverty has grown since Chávez took office in 1998; government finances and the trade balance are more dependent on oil revenues than before, and, aside from Cuban literacy programs and neighborhood “barefoot doctor” services, the overall welfare of the poor remains the same, if not worse.
在这种情况下，尽管查韦斯的政策没有使得其核心选民受益，但是他仍然可以我行我素。超过一半的委内瑞拉人生活在困苦绝望之中。1998年查韦斯当政以来贫困有增无减；政府财政以及贸易平衡比以往更为依附于石油收入；而且，尽管古巴提供扫盲项目以及邻国提供“赤脚医生”服务，贫困人口的整体福利即使没有下降，也没有改观。