By contrast, when former President Jiang Zemin became General Secretary of the Communist Party following the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989, he was able to rely on capable and loyal officials in Shanghai to run the bureaucracy; he then expanded his support base by co-opting other factions in the 1990s. And Jiang’s successor, Hu Jintao, hailed from the Communist Youth League, which has alumni at all levels of the party-state.
从个人层面，解放军的忠心对于弥补习近平在制度权力基础上的不足至关重要。相反，1989年天安门事件后，前国家主席江泽民成为中共总书记时，他能够依靠有能力又忠心的上海官员支撑官僚体系；接着，在20世纪90年代，他通过招安其他派系扩大自己的支持。而他的继任者胡锦涛则来自同志遍布党国各层级的共青团。