South America is outside the world’s main value chains. Innovative firms face the uphill challenge of developing entire new products and selling them in geographically and economically distant markets.
智利或秘鲁 ——哥伦比亚或乌拉圭也是如此——的企业就无法获得这种机会。南美处于世界主要价值链之外，创新企业面临开发全套新产品并把它们出售给地理和经济距离无比遥远的市场。