Concerns about the deleterious effects of competition have always existed, even among those who are not persuaded that government diktat can replace markets, or that intrinsic human goodness is a more powerful motivator than monetary reward and punishment. Where the debate has been most heated, however, concerns the effects of competition on incentives to innovate.
对竞争的有害效应的担忧一直存在着，即使那些不认为政府指令能够取代市场的人以及那些不认为人性本善是比金钱奖惩更强大的动机的人也相信这一点。不过，这场争论最热的焦点在于竞争对创新激励的效应。