Worse, they can have a cascading effect, with, say, a pandemic or cyber-attack provoking a financial or political crisis and imposing costs disproportionately on those who can least afford them. The vectors of connectivity – such as the Internet, financial markets, airport hubs, or logistics centers – facilitate “super-spreading” of globalization’s effects, both positive and negative.
如今，世界最紧迫挑战——从气候变化到网络犯罪——日益超越国界，这使得它们很难有效解决。更糟糕的是，它们有可能造成串联效应，比如传染病和导致金融或政治危机的网络袭击，给最脆弱人群带来最沉重的伤害。连通性因素——如互联网、金融市场、航空枢纽或物流中心——助长了全球化效应的“超级传播”，有利也有弊。