Rather than promoting actions aimed at improving the long-term wellbeing of the system as a whole, these actors tend to push micro objectives, some of which help the traditional, often wealthy elements of the establishment maintain their grip on the system. In doing so, they block the small and emerging players that are so vital to upgrading and transformation.
选举捐款人和游说团体的政治影响力也令这一挑战进一步变得复杂。这些人只愿推动某些狭小的目标，其中一些只是为了帮助那些传统（而且往往有钱）的现有体制成员去维持对社会体系的控制力，而非致力于提高整个体系的长期福祉。通过这些举措，他们实际上抑制了那些积极推动升级和转型的小型新兴参与者，让后者无从施展。