Top-down governance approaches have been useful, showing the willingness of some of the historical greenhouse-gas emitters to accept remedial responsibility. The European Union, for example, has affirmed its commitment to the UNFCCC’s Kyoto Protocol, the only international climate-change treaty to date to include binding emissions-reduction targets.
自上而下的治理方针是有效的，一些温室气体历史排放大国愿意接受补救责任。比如，欧盟重申了其对UNFCCC京都议定书（Kyoto Protocol，迄今为止唯一一个包含约束性减排目标的国际气候变化条约）的承诺。但最近的UNFCCC峰会暴露出这一方针的局限性。