The Treaty of Rome, which established the common market back in 1957, did not distinguish between state-owned and private enterprises, though vast sectors of the economy (most of the coal and steel industry, and in many countries banking) were in state hands at the time. Instead, the treaty established internal-market rules that barred governments from giving their companies unfair advantages.
欧洲经验肯定了这一点。1957年建立了共同市场的《罗马条约》并未区分国有和私营企业，尽管当时经济中的大量部门（煤炭和钢铁行业的大部分，以及许多国家的银行业）都掌握在国家手中。相反，《罗马条约》建立了内部市场规则，阻止了政府给它们的公司带来不公平的优势。