The problem with this post-industrial urban model is that it strongly favors generalist cities that can cluster different kinds of soft and hard amenities and human capital. Indeed, the growth dynamic can be so strong for some successful cities that they can hollow out smaller rivals (for example, London vis-à-vis the cities of northern England).
但这个后工业时代城市模式的问题在于它强烈偏向于那些能把各种各样软硬件和人力资本的“博学家”型城市。事实上，那些成功城市的增长动力是如此强大，甚至能把一些较小的竞争对手城市掏空（比如伦敦与英格兰北部各城市之间就是如此）。