In the international debt crisis that began in 1982, IMF country adjustment programs went hand in hand with “bailing in” creditor banks through “voluntary” coordinated loan rollovers. Eventually, it was recognized that a debt overhang was inhibiting investment and growth in Latin America, to the detriment of debtors and creditors alike.
但自20世纪80年代以来，实质步骤一开始逐渐将体系推向正确的方向。在肇始于1982年的国际债务危机中，IMF国家调整计划与通过“自愿”合作贷款展期进行的债权人“自救”（bailing in）双管齐下。最终，人们意识到是债务积压制约了拉丁美洲的投资与增长，债务人和债权人都受到了伤害。