Indeed, most recent free-trade agreements require signatories to open up government procurement to one another’s firms, and the World Bank publishes the names of firms barred for fraud or corruption from bidding on Bank-financed projects. Countries that forego open bidding processes end up with the kind of large-scale theft that has been documented in Venezuela and almost certainly occurred in Ukraine under deposed President Viktor Yanukovych.
为了降低这些风险，大部分国家实施了公开竞价程序和严格的透明规则等措施。事实上，目前大部分自由贸易协定要求签署国的政府采购向其他国家企业开放，世界银行会公布因欺诈或腐败被禁止参与世行融资项目竞标的企业名单。不采取公开竞标流程的国家最终会导致已证实的委内瑞拉和几乎肯定存在的亚努科维奇治下的乌克兰那样的大规模盗窃。