Actual policies, with the passing exception of Argentina’s negotiation with its international creditors – and the IMF, in particular – are remarkably similar to those of their predecessors. Chávez continues to invite foreign oil companies to drill in the Orinoco basin, Lula maintains hefty budget surpluses, Kirchner ultimately accepts IMF conditionality, and Lagos maintains unmatched relations with Chile’s highly conservative private sector.
其次，不管是社会主义还是平民主义，两种左派都“大声疾呼”，可以说手里都握紧了“棍棒”。除了过去阿根廷与国际债权人、特别是国际货币基金组织之间的谈判，它们的实际政策与前人总统有着惊人的相似。查韦斯继续邀请国外石油公司在奥里诺科盆地采油，卢拉继续保持着巨大的预算盈余，基什内尔最终接受了国际货币基金组织的限制政策，拉戈斯也与智利高度保守的私有经济保持着千丝万缕的联系。总的来讲，宏观经济的正统观念似乎落地生根了。