In practice, they are more likely to increase retail markups and lower cost pass-through. The estimated price pass-through for imported manufactured goods, which would better represent what enters the consumption bundle, is even lower than that for all non-fuel imports.
在实践中，这更有可能提高零售售价而降低成本转嫁。据估计，进口制造品价格转嫁——该指标更好地体现消费选择集所受到的影响——甚至比非燃料进口品总体水平更低。