Have the government borrow and spend, thereby pulling people out of unemployment and pushing up capacity utilization to normal levels. There are drawbacks: the subsequent deadweight loss of financing all the extra government debt that has been incurred, and the fear that too rapid a run-up in debt may discourage private investors from building physical assets, which form the tax base for the future governments that will have to amortize the extra debt.
这也就把我们带到了第四个工具上来，也就是财政政策。让政府借款以及开支，从而把人们从失业中摆脱出来并且把产能利用提高到正常水准。但是这也有缺点。那也就是，给所有已经产生的额外政府债务提供资金随后流失殆尽，而且人们担心债务增加过快将会把私人投资者避让建造实体资产，而这些实体资产构成了未来政府的税收基础，政府又要分期偿还额外的债务。