India was historically strong at field hockey, winning almost all of the gold medals between 1928 and 1968, but, since the Games switched from grass to expensive synthetic turf, the Indians have won just one field hockey medal. Some of the sports at which Britain has done particularly well, like cycling and rowing, are most highly influenced by income and host effects.
有时，穷国因没钱而被排斥在某项运动之外。历史上，印度是曲棍球强国，在1928—1968年间几乎垄断了奥运曲棍球金牌，但是，随着奥运会曲棍球比赛不再采用天然草坪，而是转用昂贵的人工草坪，印度人从此以后只获得过一块曲棍球奖牌。一些英国人玩得最溜的运动，如自行车和赛艇，正是收入和东道主效应最明显的运动。