Economic activity (production, research, design, etc.) moved to any accessible country or region that had relatively inexpensive labor and human capital. With only a slight lag, complexity became manageable, and global supply chains’ linear model (something produced in country A is consumed in country B) gave way to a more complex model with more fragmented but more efficient supply networks.
受到数字技术助力的供应链首先增进了效率，极大地缩短了交货时间。资本得到了动员；劳动力则否。经济活动（生产、研究、设计等）转向任何一个劳动力和人力资本相对廉价又容易进入的国家。用不了多久，复杂性问题便能够解决，而全球供应链的线性模式（在A国生产，在B国被消费）便让位给了包括更碎片化但也更高效的供给网络的更复杂的模式。