In Jordan and Morocco, the authorities are facing a rising challenge in containing militant tendencies. Indeed, as political leaders choose military repression over engagement, they will increasingly lose ground to groups like the Islamic State, the only entities in the region offering a clear – albeit brutal, and regressive – vision of the future.
将公民排除在民主程序之外迫使政治不满者转入更深的地下，有可能军国化。在埃及，越来越多的人呼吁对政府的镇压采取更暴力、更极端的反应。在约旦和摩洛哥，当局正在面临遏制军国潮流的挑战。事实上，由于政治领袖更偏好军事镇压而不是参与，他们将日益在伊斯兰国等组织面前失去优势。后者是地区中唯一提供明确未来前景的实体——尽管这一前景时野蛮倒退的。