Development specialists in the bottom-up tradition, for their part, can deservedly claim success in demonstrating the effectiveness of education, public health, or microcredit projects in specific contexts. But, too often, such projects treat poverty’s symptoms rather than its causes.
站在自己的立场上，自下而上传统的发展专家可以面无愧色地宣称，成功需要用教育、公共卫生或具体环境下的微信贷项目的效率来证明。但这些项目往往治标不治本。