Once these sanctions begin to bite, no one can say who will be hurt – or how badly. And, as Russia’s experience in 1998, and Argentina’s after 2002, demonstrated, the process of restoring confidence among market participants is a long and painful one.
随着制裁开始起作用，没人能确定谁会受到伤害、受到何种程度的伤害。此外，1998年的俄罗斯和2002年后的阿根廷表明，重塑市场参与者的信心是一个漫长而痛苦的过程。