One view is that our identities are immutable, impermeable, exogenously generated, and intrinsically opposed to one another. This classic “us versus them” dichotomy leads to sympathy for one’s in-group and implacable conflict with out-groups – a bottomless source of conflict throughout history.
显然，经济成功非常依赖于人们如何看待社会亲密关系。一种观点是我们的身份不可变、不可渗透、外生给定，并且内在地相互排斥。这一经典的“我们和他们”两分法导致我们同情群体内的人，而与群体外的人产生不可调和的冲突&mdash;&mdash;这也是历史上屡试不爽的冲突与安全。