JPM’s London Whale trades – bets on the future state of the American economy that JPM could not reverse without big losses – were of a type that the bank could readily have made in 2008. The losses, initially put at $2 billion, soon tripled.
JPM的伦敦鲸交易——下注于美国经济的未来状况，JPM不得不以巨大损失的代价关闭它——就属于JMP在2008年可能陷入的情形。其损失——一开始只有20亿美元——很快就翻了三倍。