These early reformers, among them Muhammad Abduh and Jamaleddin al-Afghani, did not ignite the mass mobilization they hoped for, and were not able to redress social ills through better implementation of religious prescriptions. But their influence was powerful and lasting, and extended in directions that they could not have anticipated.
包括穆罕默德•阿卜杜和加马勒丁•阿尔阿富汗尼在内的早期改革者没有能够如其所愿地广泛发动群众，也就未能够通过宗教手段矫治社会的不幸。但他们的影响却是强大而持久的。这种影响所延伸的范围也是他们始料不及的。