Empirical research has shown that four sets of institutions have a major impact on the performance of firms and, therefore, on a country’s economic growth. These include the institutions underpinning its financial and labor markets, its corporate-governance arrangements, its education and training system, and its national system of innovation (the network of public and private institutions that initiate and diffuse new technologies).
实证研究表明，四套制度对企业、因此也对一国的经济增长的表现具有重要影响。它们是作为金融和劳动力市场基础的制度、公司治理安排、教育和培训体系以及创新的国家体系（提出和扩散新技术的公共和私人制度网络）。