All of this highlights the need for creative solutions to disparities that unnecessarily and unfairly blight the lives of those who have the least, generate massive health-care costs, and pose a barrier to increased labor-force participation (impeding efforts in some countries to raise the retirement age).
吸烟、锻炼、饮食和酒精消费的巨大差异折磨着众多西欧福利国家。福利制度本是用来消灭贫困的，而在消灭“富贵病”（比如心脏病和肺癌）方面效果较差。