Military-dominated political systems precluded such participation, so, with economic growth, demilitarization of politics became a rallying cry in all large military-led Muslim states, from Indonesia to the Mediterranean coast. Even Iran, where the Revolutionary Guards control roughly one-third of the economy, was affected when the result of the presidential election in 2009 triggered large anti-government protests in Tehran and other major cities.
正如亨廷顿所说，当青年人见证了经济增长之后，他们开始要求参与到与生活各方面相关的决策之后，而不仅仅是在经济方面。但由军队占统治地位的政治系统排斥这类参与，因此随着经济不断增长，政治的去军队化成为所有大型军管穆斯林国家——从印尼到地中海沿岸——的群众呼声。即便是伊朗这个革命卫队控制全国经济总量1/3的国家也受到了影响——2009年的总统选举在德黑兰以其各大城市引发了大规模反政府示威。