In the absence of an analog to the West’s Industrial Revolution, Muslims (and especially Arabs) have faced multiple humiliations and partial colonization over the past two centuries. The resulting legacy of grievance, shame, and anger is part of what underpins the region’s current malaise.
由于缺少类似于西方工业革命的历史，穆斯林（特别是阿拉伯人）在过去两个世纪中经历了多次耻辱和部分殖民。由此带来的仇恨、羞愧和愤怒是该地区当前乱局的部分原因。