Protectionism is not just about raising tariffs on imports; it is any government action that distorts the global production and allocation of goods, services, and capital to favor domestic producers, thereby reducing overall efficiency. So, for example, government pressure on multinational banks to lend domestically, or to withdraw liquidity from foreign branches, is protectionism, as are capital injections into multinational companies with the explicit requirement that domestic jobs be preserved.
贸易保护主义不仅仅表现在提高进口产品的关税上。任何政府阻碍货物，服务，资本的流动，任何有碍全球生产力的提高，有利于本国制造商或服务商的行为都可以看作是贸易保护主义。因为它降低了全球整体的效率。例如，政府对跨国银行施加压力，让其给本国银行提供贷款，从国外分支机构提取流动资金都可以看做是贸易保护主义。还有的例子包括对跨国银行注资时，明确地要求必须给本国员工保留就业机会等。