Financing for the most expensive projects – implementing green-energy systems, building transport infrastructure, and developing modern cities – must come from foreign institutional investors. But high-quality private investors are resistant to financing lumpy, illiquid investments in fragile, volatile states.
对最昂贵项目——实施绿色能源体系、建设交通基础设施以及开发现代城市——的融资必须来自外国机构投资者。但高质量私人投资者不愿意为脆弱而动荡国家的劣质低流动性投资项目提供融资。愿意参与者也往往要求极高的风险溢价，这将大大提高资本成本，与高利贷不遑多让。