In the case of institutions underpinning labor and financial markets, as well as corporate governance, the state must mediate conflicting interests. Likewise, a country’s education and training system and its national system of innovation are largely public goods, which have to be provided by the state.
进步思想的第二大决定性信念是制度并不像新自由主义者认为的那样是自发演进的。国家必须参与到它们的设计和改革中。对作为劳动力和金融市场以及公司治理基础的制度而言，国家必须协调利益冲突。类似地，一国的教育和培训体系及其创新的国家体系可以说都是公共品，必须由国家提供。