Because oil consumers generally spend extra income fairly quickly, while governments (which collect the bulk of global oil revenues) usually maintain public spending by borrowing or running down reserves, the net effect of lower oil prices has always been positive for global growth. According to the International Monetary Fund, the fall in oil prices this year should boost 2016 GDP by 0.5-1% globally, including growth of 0.3-0.4% in Europe, 1-1.2% in the US, and 1-2% in China.
总体而言，石油消费者会相当快地将新增收入花掉，而政府（它获得了全球石油收入的大头）常常通过贷款或减少储备为公共支出融资，因此油价下跌的净效应永远对全球增长起到积极作用。据国际货币基金组织（IMF）的数据，今年油价下跌应能刺激2016年GDP提高0.5—1%，其中欧洲提高0.3—0.4%，美国1—1.2%，中国1—2%。