The first option would require coercion, and – since countries will not accept that others should gain a competitive edge – an international agreement to forego the benefits that genetic enhancement can bring. The second option, universal access, would require an unprecedented level of social assistance for the poor, and extraordinarily difficult decisions about what to subsidize.
不过要避免这样的结果也非易事，因为这需要确保没有人能得到基因优化，或者所有人都可以得到。第一个选择需要强制手段，以及——由于各国不会允许别人获得竞争优势——一项国际协议，放弃基因优化可能带来的好处。第二个选择，即全民共享，则需要达到前所未有的社会扶贫水平，以及决定资助对象，而这是十分棘手的。