“If all the economists were laid end to end,” George Bernard Shaw famously quipped, “they would not reach a conclusion.” Frustrated by the conflicting and hedged advice that he was receiving from his advisers, President Dwight Eisenhower is said to have asked once for a “one-handed economist.”
在如此多重要问题上都有共识，这与普遍的观点——经济学家极少在任何问题上行促成一致相悖。“如果把所有经济学家放到一起，”萧伯纳曾经做过著名的总结，“他们不会得到任何结论。”艾森豪威尔受够了顾问们彼此冲突和对立的建议，据说他曾经要求“单面经济学家”做顾问。