A producer in Indonesia, Malaysia, or the Philippines can easily take advantage of the local currency’s depreciation to sell more electronic components to an assembly plant in China with which it has a long-standing and well-developed supply relationship. A business in Concepción, Arequipa, or Medellín, by contrast, must seek new customers in new countries, which takes time and money – and may not succeed.
更糟糕的是，与亚洲新兴经济体不同，拉美国家并未融入地区和全球价值链。印尼、马来西亚或菲律宾的生产商可以容易地利用本币贬值把更多的电子元件卖给与之有着长期、完善的供应关系的中国组装厂。相反，康塞普西翁、阿雷基帕和麦德林的企业必须在新国家寻找新客户，这费时费钱，还不一定能成功。