In his history of the Arab world in the aftermath of World War I, A Peace to End all Peace, David Fromkin suggests that the Middle East today reflects the failure of the European powers to consolidate the political systems that they imposed. Britain and its allies “destroyed the old order,” smashing Turkish rule of the Arabic-speaking Middle East.
在关于一战之后的阿拉伯世界的著作《用一个和平终结所有和平》（A Peace to End all Peace）中，大卫·弗洛姆金（David Fromkin）指出当下的中东反映了欧洲各大国在整合它们所强加给中东地区的政治制度方面的失败。英国及其盟国“摧毁了旧秩序”，推翻了阿拉伯语中东的土耳其统治。但随后它们“创建了国家，指定了统治者，划定了边境，（并引入了）国家制度”，但这并没有奏效。