Then there are the errors of commission – cases in which economists’ fixation on one particular model of the world makes them complicit in the administration of policies whose failure could have been predicted ahead of time. Economists’ advocacy of neoliberal “Washington Consensus” policies and of financial globalization falls into this category.
其次是处理错误（errors of commission）——经济学家顽固地依赖某个特定的关于世界的模型，只看到了那些早就可以预料到失败的政策。经济学家鼓吹新自由主义“华盛顿共识”政策和金融全球化就是这样的例子。在这两个例子中，经济学家忽略了严重的次优副作用，如学习外部性和制度弱点，这些副作用阻碍了改革，有时甚至让改革适得其反。