OXFORD – The forces that drove the growth of European and North American cities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are now driving urbanization in Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, and other emerging-market countries. Because the growth of these cities has been accelerated and magnified by productive technologies, rapid internal migration, and high net reproduction rates, many have reached unprecedented sizes at breathless speed.
曾经带动十九世纪和二十世纪欧洲和北美城市经济增长的因素如今正在推动巴西，中国，印度，墨西哥，俄罗斯和其他新兴市场国家的城市化进程。由于生产技术先进，内部整合迅速，净生产率高，这些国家的城市发展迅猛，急剧膨胀，而今许多城市都已达到空前规模，经济发展“气喘吁吁”。事实上，全球最大的二十个城市中有三个都出现在这些新兴市场国家。