Worse still, labor has been displaced from more productive tradable activities (in manufacturing) to less productive informal activities (services). In most Latin American countries, structural change has served to reduce rather than promote economic growth.
更严重的问题则是劳动力从更有生产力的贸易活动（制造业）流向了生产力较低的非正式活动（服务业）。在大多数拉美国家，这种结构性变化不但未能促进生产力，还起到了反作用。