The greatest harm comes from the cumulative burden of multiple risk factors, including neglect, abuse, parental substance abuse or mental illness, and exposure to violence. With each additional risk factor, the odds of long-term damage to brain architecture increase.
不过，有害压力产生往往来源于其他因素，例如被漠视，被虐待，以及来自父母的物质精神虐待和暴力等。每一个因素都会对孩子的大脑发育产生长期的损害。