Libya was created out of three former Italian colonies, Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Fezzan, each essentially comprising different tribal confederations (the Sa’adi in Cyrenaica, the Saff al-Bahar in Tripolitania, and the Tuareg in Fezzan). The fall of Muammar el-Qaddafi opened a Pandora’s box of old rivalries, with Cyrenaica developing into a semi-autonomous region known as Barqa.
但库尔德人绝不是个例。利比亚由三块前意大利殖民地组成——的黎波里塔尼亚、昔兰尼加和费赞，三者从本质上说都是由不同部落妥协形成的联邦（昔兰尼加的Sa’adi；的黎波里塔尼亚的Saff al-Barhar，费赞的Tuareg）。卡扎菲的倒台开启了旧仇的潘多拉魔盒，昔兰尼加已经发展为半自治地区Barqa。