A perceived lack of enforceability weakens compliance with investment treaties and rewards repeat offenders, such as Argentina, which has appeared in more ICSID cases than any other state. Indeed, Argentina has developed a general attitude of impunity, the latest example being the expropriation of energy company YPF from Spain’s Repsol one year ago.
但阿根廷的短期利益是有沉重代价的。人们发现强制力不足，这减弱了投资条约的遵守，而一再违反条约者（比如阿根廷，它比其他任何国家出现在ICSID案件中的次数都要多）获得了好处。事实上，阿根廷形成了一种免罚的一般态度，最新的例子是一年前它从西班牙Repsol公司手中没收了能源公司YPF。此外，成为ICSID一方对名誉的好处被低估，这不啻于鼓励各国脱离该体系，玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔和委内瑞拉最近都这么做了。