By promoting Islamic revival as a solution to the region’s ills, Islamism led to the marginalization of non-Muslims, including groups that had played outsize roles in the region’s economic, cultural, and political life for centuries. As a result, in places like Egypt, Christians have faced harsh social discrimination and violence, sometimes at the hands of the nominally secular state.
1967年阿拉伯-以色列六日战争后兴起的政治伊斯兰教是对宗教少数派的又一沉重打击。伊斯兰教将树立伊斯兰教敌对势力作为解决地区弊端的方法，从而导致非穆斯林的边缘化，其中包括许多几百年来在地区经济、文化和政治生活中扮演重要角色的群体。结果，在埃及等地，基督徒面临着严峻的社会歧视和暴力，有时连名义上的世俗国家也对他们进行打击。