With the normalization of Turkish democracy following the AKP’s victory in 2002, restrictions on the recruitment, employment, and promotion of religious citizens in the upper echelons of the bureaucracy were eliminated – a process that especially benefited members of the Gülen movement, with its extensive education, media, and business networks. Gülen followers – who claimed to support liberal democracy and the tolerant, modern form of Islam embraced by the AKP – seemed like natural allies of Erdoğan’s government.
2002年AKP在大选中获胜后，土耳其民主实现了正常化，高级官僚序列不再限制对宗教公民的招募、就业和升职——拥有广大的教育、媒体和商业网络的葛兰运动的成员在这一过程中受益最大。葛兰的追随者——声称支持AKP追求的自由民主和容忍、现代的伊斯兰教——似乎是埃尔多安政府的天然盟友。