Unfortunately, the IMF cannot enforce its guidelines, because currency manipulators are able to stall action. This has been the entrenched and continuing pattern, including when I was the IMF’s chief economist (from early 2007 to August 2008).
不幸的是，IMF无法强制执行其指引，因为货币操纵者可以暂停这种行为。这已成为根深蒂固的持续模式，包括在我担任IMF首席经济学家期间（2007年初至2008年8月）。