Similarly, a genome-wide analysis of malignant cells from four kidney-cancer patients showed that, while they were related, they had mutated in many different directions. Two-thirds of the genetic faults identified were not repeated in the same tumor, let alone in any other metastasized tumors in the body.
类似地，一份对四位肾癌患者恶性细胞的全基因组分析表明，尽管它们之间寻在关系，但突变的方向大不相同。被识别出来的遗传错误中有三分之二不会再同一个肿瘤中得到复制，更不用说体内的其他转移肿瘤了。由于药物遗传学药物定向于肿瘤的某种突变，因此它不一定对其他突变有效。此外，随着癌症适应药物，可能发生后续突变，抑制药物的疗效。