Services are not tradable to the same extent as manufactured goods, and for the most part do not exhibit the same technological dynamism. As a result, services have proved to be a poor substitute to export-oriented industrialization so far.
相比之下，今天的多数新兴市场都过早开始了去工业化进程。服务的贸易性与工业产品不可同日而语，同等的技术活力也难以体现其中。因此迄今为止的事实已经证明服务并非出口导向型工业化的合格替代品。