Of course, the critics are right to argue that not all innovations in finance have been useful, and that some have been downright destructive. By and large, however, innovations such as interest-rate swaps and junk bonds have been immensely beneficial, allowing a variety of firms to emerge and obtain finance in a way that simply was not possible before.
当然，批评者指出并非金融业的每一项创新都有用是不错的，有些甚至具有显著的破坏性。不过，总体而言，像利率互换和垃圾债券这样的创新好处是巨大的，它帮助大量企业实现了繁荣，获得了此前不可想象的融资方式。