These differences reflect the intellectual richness of neo-classical economics, but they provide no justification for the claim that there is one economics. On the contrary, heterodox economists like Thorsten Veblen and Joseph Schumpeter long ago raised many of today’s cutting-edge issues in neoclassical economics, including the role of social norms and the relationship between technological innovation and business cycles.
上述分歧反应了新古典主义经济学在学术上的多样性，但却无法对“一个经济学”的观点进行论证。恰恰相反，索尔斯坦·范勃伦（Thorsten Veblen）和约瑟夫·熊彼特（Joseph Schumpeter）等非正统经济学家很早以前就在新古典主义经济学中提出了今天的许多前沿问题，包括社会规范的作用和技术创新与业务周期之间的关系。