Deflation is dangerous as it leads to a liquidity trap: nominal policy rates cannot fall below zero, so monetary policy becomes ineffective. Falling prices mean that the real cost of capital is high and the real value of nominal debts rise, leading to further declines in consumption and investment – and thus setting in motion a vicious circle in which incomes and jobs are squeezed further, aggravating the fall in demand and prices.
通货紧缩是非常危险的，因为它会导致流动性陷阱：名义政策利率不可能降到零以下，因此货币政策将失去效力。商品价格的不断下降意味着资本的实际成本非常高并且名义债务的实际价值提高了，这将导致消费和投资的进一步下滑，从而引发恶性循环：收入和就业机会进一步萎缩，从而加剧了需求和商品价格的下滑。