Now comes a second, potentially even more powerful, wave of digital technology that is replacing labor in increasingly complex tasks. This process of labor substitution and disintermediation has been underway for some time in service sectors – think of ATMs, online banking, enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, mobile payment systems, and much more.
现在，第二波数字技术浪潮正在到来，这一次浪潮力量更大，并将在越来越复杂的任务中取代劳动力。这一劳动力替代和脱媒过程在服务部门已经开始了一段时间——如ATM机、在线银行、企业资源规划、客户关系管理、移动支付系统，等等。这一演进方向正在传导给商品生产，机器人和3D打印正在取代劳动力。