While East Asian countries like South Korea used such policies to enable selected industries to compete on a global scale, Latin American and Caribbean countries rarely got it right. Despite some notable successes, such as the aircraft manufacturer Embraer in Brazil and salmon farming in Chile, governments largely picked losers – not least because political pressure, not firms’ competitive potential, drove the selection process.
当韩国这样的东亚国家通过这类政策来让特定行业进行全球范围竞争时，拉丁美洲和加勒比国家却几乎没有走对过路子。尽管拥有如巴西航空工业公司（飞机制造商）和智利鲑鱼养殖这样的优秀榜样，但各国政府却基本上选择了失败者——而推动这个选择过程的可不仅仅是政治压力和企业竞争潜力。