Cooperative movements took shape in the Americas, Europe, Australia, and Japan in the 1800’s. Many grew from the simple proposition that ordinary people could overcome adversity in the marketplace by banding together to buy and sell goods at reasonable prices, and quickly realized the added benefits of sharing knowledge among members, promoting inclusion, and building social capital.
1800年，合作社运动在美洲国家，欧洲国家，澳大利亚和日本开始形成。其中很多运动都是基于这一简单的设想，即，如果普通人联合起来，以一个合理的价格买卖商品，快速实现成员间知识共享带来的附加收益，促进开放包容，建立社会资本，这样就可以应对市场中的逆境。