The fundamental problems that triggered alarm bells in the first place – including real-estate bubbles, local-government debt, rapid growth in shadow-banking activity, and rising corporate leverage ratios – remain unresolved. Of these, the most immediate threat to China’s economic and financial stability is the combination of high borrowing costs, low profitability for nonfinancial corporations, and very high corporate leverage ratios.
在一开始敲响警钟的根本问题——包括房地产泡沫、地方政府债务、影子银行活动迅速扩张、公司杠杆率高企等——仍没有解决。在这些问题中，对中国经济和金融稳定最紧迫的威胁是高借贷成本、非金融企业利润低下以及企业杠杆率畸高的组合问题。