Network industries like telecoms, gas, electricity, and water tend to become monopolistic or oligopolistic if left to market forces alone. Well-run economies achieve higher levels of welfare not because there is less regulation of these sectors, but because more efficient regulation prevents the emergence of cartels, thereby protecting consumers.
其他经济领域也需要更多地政府监督。如果任由市场力量起作用，通信、天然气、电力和水务等网络型行业将趋向于形成垄断或寡头垄断。运转良好的经济之所以能实现更高水平的福利，不是因为减少了对这些部门的监管，而是因为更有效的监管防止了卡特尔的出现，从而保护了消费者。