For years, the argument remained an abstraction, a debate over what might happen in the future, until the Oslo agreement with the PLO in 1993 put the competing perspectives to the test. Since 2000, when PLO leader Yasir Arafat rejected a political settlement and instead launched a five-year war of terrorism, there have been few optimists left.
多年来，直到1993年与巴解组织的奥斯陆将针锋相对的意见付诸考验，这是一个有关未来会发生什么的抽象的争论。2000年以来，巴解组织领导人阿拉法特拒绝政治解决方案，反而发动了为期五年的恐怖主义战争，乐观主义者已经为数不多了。