Second, the forces of globalization and technological progress have combined to alter the nature of manufacturing work in a way that makes it very difficult, if not impossible, for newcomers to emulate the industrialization experience of the Four Asian Tigers, or the European and North American economies before them. Many (if not most) developing countries are becoming service economies without having developed a large manufacturing sector – a process I have called “premature de-industrialization.”
其次，全球化和科技进步的力量已经形成合力，改变了制造业工作的性质，后进者很难甚至不可能模仿亚洲四小龙或更早的欧洲和北美经济体的工业化经验。许多（甚至大部分）发展中国家在没有发展出巨大的制造业的情况下就开始转向服务经济——我称之为“早产去工业化”过程。