That happened in the October 2006 anti-dumping action against leather shoes, when the EU decided to impose anti-dumping tariffs against China and Vietnam. Sweden’s National Board of Trade conducted a case study of five European shoe producers in different countries and market segments to establish where the value added in their production processes was created.
针对一个亚洲制造商的反倾销措施所造成的损失，可能绝大部分由一个欧洲生产商来承担。在2006年，当欧盟决定对在中国和越南生产的皮鞋征收反倾销税时，就发生了这样的事情。瑞典国家贸易协会对在不同国家和不同细分市场的五个欧洲制鞋厂商进行了一个案例研究，以确定在它们的生产过程中附加值是在哪里创造出来的。