Private-sector activity will not expand without healthy national banks subject to rigorous financial discipline and greater supervisory autonomy. Governments, facing pressure to increase spending, need to develop targeted social safety nets that protect their poorest people through cash or near-cash transfers.
要确保长期稳定，就需要减少贫困、创造就业岗位、降低收入不平等性、充分开发这些国家的人力资源。没有受严厉财务纪律和上级监管部门约束的健康国民银行体系，私人部门活动就得不到扩张。面临增加支出压力的政府需要发展定向社会安全网，通过现金或准现金转移支付保护最贫困人口的利益。