But the older doctrine that it was a deficit country’s duty to “put its house in order” survived. The one concession to Keynes was the creation of the International Monetary Fund in 1944 in order to provide short-term assistance to deficit countries under strict conditions.
约翰 · 梅纳德 · 凯恩斯（ John Maynard Keynes ）曾希望迫使顺差国家增加消费或提高贷款。但是，逆差国家有义务 “ 将 内务管理妥当”这一传统教条却占了上风。令凯恩斯欣慰的是，国际货币经济组织于 1944 年成立，以严格的条款向逆差国家提供短期援助。事实上，这与眼下德国提出的欧元区提议在本质上是一致的。