In the 1980’s, Mikhail Gorbachev warned that Soviet oil resources were exhausted. Of course, due to the Western engineering and management that became available after Gorbachev launched his perestroika reforms, the country was soon producing more oil than ever – indeed, more than was ever believed possible – and oil men like Mikhail Khodorkovsky arose out of the blue.
戈尔巴乔夫在二十世纪八十年代警告说，苏联的输油资源已经耗尽。当然，由于戈尔巴乔夫发动改革后提供了西方的工程技术和管理，苏联马上就生产出了前所未有的石油。实际上，产量惊人，令人难以置信。而且，类似科多尔科夫斯基那样的石油巨贾一夜暴富。