In the short term, a cost shock devastates some economic activities, forcing companies either to shut down or move on to another line of business. But what Schumpeter called “creative destruction” can facilitate the eventual emergence and expansion of new, more efficient firms.
与关注需求冲击的凯恩斯主义者不同，美国经济学家约瑟夫·熊彼特（Joseph Schumacher）的追随者认为成本冲击是结构性改革和产业升级的重要潜在催化剂，而结构性改革和产业升级又是避免陷入长期低增长陷阱之必须。在短期，成本冲击会毁灭一些经济活动，迫使公司关门或转向其他业务。但熊彼特所谓的“创造性破坏”能够有利于更高效的新企业的最终产生和扩张。