In his magnum opus&nbsp;The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, Benjamin M. Friedman showed many examples of declining economic growth giving rise – with variable and sometimes long lags – to intolerance, aggressive nationalism, and war. He concluded that, “The value of a rising standard of living lies not just in the concrete improvements it brings to how individuals live but in how it shapes the social, political, and ultimately the moral character of a people.”
在其杰作《经济增长的道德后果》（The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth）中，本杰明·弗里德曼（Benjamin M. Friedman）举了很多例子说明经济增长萎靡会导致偏狭、激进民族主义和战争——尽管种类各异，并且有的要等很长时间后才会出现。他总结道，“生活水平提高的价值不仅在于其所带来的个体生活的物质改善，也在于它决定了一个民族的社会、政治以及最终的道德特征。”