One reason is that the effectiveness of reform may depend on conditions prevailing in other sectors: good universities, for example, cannot remedy the consequences of poor secondary education. Moreover, eliminating one distortion may be ineffective or even counterproductive: in an economy plagued with rents, partial reform may simply result in shifting them across sectors and agents, rather than reducing them to the benefit of consumers.
一个原因是改革的有效性可能取决于其他部门的条件：比如，优质的大学无法纠正初等教育质量低下的后果。此外，消灭一项扭曲可能效果并不好甚至产生反作用：对于一个问题在租的经济，局部改革的唯一后果可能是让租在不同的部门和行为人之间游走，而不是将之减少从而有利于消费者。