Beyond undermining the gene-centered theories of evolution that have dominated public consciousness for several decades, these developments call for new philosophical frameworks. Traditional reductionist views of science, with their focus on “bottom-up” mechanisms, do not suffice in the quest to understand top-down and circular causality and a world of nested processes.
除了推翻主宰公共观点数十年之久的以基因为中心的进化论，这些发展还表明需要有心的理论框架。传统科学还原论者专注于“自下而上”机制，不足以理解自上而下和循环的因果关系，也不能理解嵌套过程的世界。