For “catch-up” countries, like China, rapid growth is often accompanied by brisk structural change that moves factors of production, especially labor, from low-productivity activities to economic sectors with much higher productivity. This adds to the surplus by increasing firms’ profitability.
对于中国这样的“赶超”国家，快速增长通常伴随着活跃的结构性变化，促使生产要素（特别是劳动力）从低生产率部门向高生产率部门转移。这增加了企业的盈利能力，从而进一步提高了盈余。