Where these conditions exist – for example, a vibrant and autonomous civil society, as in Poland, or a strong pre-authoritarian tradition of pluralism, representation, and tolerance, as in the Czech Republic – the transition is relatively smooth. Where they are lacking or weak, as in Russia or Ukraine, the outcome is much more problematic.
在一些条件有利的地方，例如拥有一个活跃且自治的市民社会的波兰，或是拥有强劲的前专制多元主义、代议制和宽容传统的捷克共和国，这种转轨相对顺利。但在缺乏此类条件的地方，例如俄罗斯和乌克兰，转型将会出现更多的问题。