The first, which is harder and takes time, is to increase income-generating capabilities in rural areas, and among the poor, by improving access to education, health care, finance, water, and power. The second is to increase voters’ spending power through populist subsidies and transfers, which typically tend to be directed toward the politically influential rather than the truly needy.
无论如何，那次大选表明，需要把增长得好处带给农村地区和穷人。办法有两个。第一个办法比较费时费力：通过普及教育、卫生、金融、和水电增强农村地区和穷人的收入能力。第二个办法是通过民粹主义补贴和转移支付增加选民的消费力，但补贴和转移通常会流向影响力较大而不是真正需要的地方和人群。