A carbon tax causes each firm and household to respond to the same cost of adding CO2 to the atmosphere. That uniform individual cost incentive allows total CO2 to be reduced at a lower total cost than would be achieved by a variety of administrative requirements, such as automobile mileage standards, production technology standards (e.g., minimum renewable fuel inputs in electricity generation), etc.
同样的，每一个家庭和公司都会受到排放税的影响。政府可以通过行政的手段，迫使个人消费者减少二氧化碳的排放量，这如同汽车里程标准和其他一些产品技术标准（例如，在电动机中，有最小可再生汽油消耗量的标准。）一样。