In Ireland, Portugal, and Spain, the bad lending of German and French banks in the bubble years was primarily to local banks rather than to the government. But here, too, the Berlin-Brussels-Frankfurt axis blackmailed local taxpayers into paying for foreign banks’ mistakes – presenting the Irish with a €64 billion ($87 billion) bill, roughly €14,000 per person, for banks’ bad debt – while imposing massive austerity.
在爱尔兰、葡萄牙和西班牙，德国和法国银行的泡沫年份坏账主要是贷给当地银行而非政府的。但在这方面，柏林-布鲁塞尔-法兰克福轴心仍强迫本地纳税人为外国银行的错误买单——要爱尔兰为银行不良债务拿出640亿欧元，相当于每人14,000欧元——并且还要实施大规模紧缩。