But screening’s benefits are not as straightforward as supporters claim. To be sure, at-risk men – for example, those with a family history of prostate cancer, African-Americans, or men with enlarged prostates who are treated with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (whose failure to lower PSA levels could reflect increased risk of developing prostate cancer) – may want to consider getting tested.
但筛查的好处并非如支持者所宣称的那样直接。诚然，高风险人群——有前列腺癌家族史者、非洲裔美国人、以及用5-阿尔法还原酶抑制剂治疗前列腺肥大者（5-阿尔法还原酶抑制剂不能降低PSA水平意味着发展为前列腺癌的风险增加）——可能会愿意考虑参加测试。