The association of Europe – and of European social democracy – with Keynesian demand stimulus was more than a little unfair, in that the greatest proponent of the Keynesian view was the Republican American President Richard Nixon. But the political shift of 1979-1980, culminating in the election of Ronald Reagan, brought about a new opposition of the free market and innovation to social-democratic corporatism and centrism.
说起凯恩斯主义的需求刺激政策，人们总是联想到欧洲，尤其是欧洲的社会民主模式，这颇有一点不公平，因为凯恩斯主张的最大代表其实是美国共和党总统尼克松（Richard Nixon）。然而，1979~1980年间，美国政治氛围发生了转变，其高潮出现在里根（Ronald Reagan）当选美国总统之际。这一转变使得拥护自由市场和创新的势力迅速崛起，同社会民主式的社团主义（corporatism）以及政治中间派形成尖锐对立。