In some of these countries, conservative governments viewed industrial promotion as some dirigiste relic from the past, and avoided it. In others – Brazil comes to mind – left-leaning governments practiced industrial promotion in such a heavy-handed and erratic way that they ended up weakening whatever it was they wanted to promote.
在一些拉美国家，保守的政府认为产业升级属于过去国家干预主义的遗留，尽力避免。在其他国家——首推巴西——左倾政府以不稳定的强力方式推进产业升级，以至于最终结果是意在推进的部门反而遭到了削弱。如今，巴西要为此付出代价。