Last December, Russian's giant gas firm, Gazprom, and a Turkish pipeline company signed a memorandum of understanding to construct a pipeline from Russia to Turkey under the Black Sea. This new “Turkish Stream" is an alternative to the “South Stream" Black Sea pipeline from Russia to Bulgaria – a project that the Kremlin abandoned in December, in response to the sanctions imposed by the European Union after Russia's invasion of Ukraine and annexation of Crimea.
去年12月，俄罗斯天然气巨头俄天然气（Gazprom）与一家土耳其管道公司签署了一份谅解备忘录，将建设从俄罗斯至土耳其的黑海海底管道。这条新的“土耳其溪”（Turkish Stream）将成为从俄罗斯至保加利亚的“南溪”（South Stream）黑海管道的替代品。克里姆林宫在12月放弃了后者，以此作为欧盟在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰、吞并克里米亚后对俄罗斯实施的制裁的回应。