Kemalism (the beliefs associated with the founder of modern Turkey, Musfafa Kemal Atutűrk) is unique among all Muslim reform movements in that it transformed not only the public sphere, but also the private sphere – the domain of mothers, wives, sisters, daughters. In the 1920’s and 1930’s – the years of Atutűrk’s rule &#45;&#45; the “new Turkish women” became the icon of the modern, secular regime.
性别问题在土耳其民族国家中一直非常重要。现代土耳其奠基人凯末尔的基马尔主义由于不仅转变了公共领域，而且也转变了私人领域，也就是母亲、妻子、姐妹以及女儿的领域，因此在所有的穆斯林改革运动中独树一帜。在二十世纪二十年代和三十年代凯末尔统治时期，所谓“土耳其新妇女”成为了现代和世俗政权的象征。