Increasingly, that means gaming the system, by focusing on work that promises short-term yields, pursuing “hot” research topics, spending more time on self-promotion (facilitated by the proliferation of social media), and slicing and dicing their work to attract maximum attention. The recent emergence of so-called “alternative metrics” (such as downloads, recommendations, Facebook likes, and Tweets) has intensified the pressure on researchers to stockpile multidimensional evidence of their influence.
越多这些“客观”指标被用于研究评估和人事评估，就有越多科学家感到必须参与这个引用游戏。逐渐地，这意味着与制度周旋，专注于能带来短期效益的工作，追求“热点”研究主题，将更多的时间用于钻营（社交媒体的兴盛起到了推波助澜的效果），将工作切割包装以最大程度地吸引关注。最近出现的所谓“替代指标”（如下载、推荐、Facebook“喜欢”和Tweet等）更是加剧了研究者收集影响力证据的压力。