The EU’s Financial Services Action Plan, launched in 1999 and implemented in stages, focused mainly on securities markets. It boosted competition and innovation for professional traders and encouraged institutional market players, in particular, to trade across EU borders.
欧盟在1999年启动并分阶段实施的《金融服务行动纲领》主要焦点在于证券市场。它促进了专业券商的竞争和创新，还特别鼓励了机构市场参与者进行欧盟范围内的跨境交易。其结果是使证券“批发”行业得到了长足发展，然而零售顾客在很大程度上却被忽略了。