Not even physicians are immune to these influences; indeed, in some cases, they actually create the bias. For example, studies of epidural steroid injections for back pain have been shown to be almost three times more likely to yield positive results when conducted by doctors who routinely administer them.
就连医生也无法摆脱这些东西的影响；事实上，在不少例子中，他们实际上创造了偏见。比如，对硬膜外类固醇注射治疗背痛的研究证明，由对此进行日常管理的医生操作更有可能产生积极效果。