Throughout history, there are countless examples of middle-income countries becoming stuck in that category for decades and/or eventually falling back to low-income status. The Nobel laureate economist Michael Spence has pointed out that after WWII, only a handful of countries were able to grow to a fully-industrialized level of development.
当然，任何国家的经济增长都绝非一帆风顺。 纵观历史，中等收入国家进入这一发展阶段后数十年停滞不前，和/或最终退回到低收入国家的例子不胜枚举。 诺贝尔奖得主迈克尔·斯宾塞指出在第二次世界大战后，只有少数几个国家最终达到了完全工业化的发展水平。