The conventional prescription includes improving education (especially the technical kind), modernizing labor markets, reducing bureaucratic red tape, and facilitating foreign investment and technology transfer. To this standard tool kit the IADB now adds PDPs, which can be “horizontal” or “vertical.”
可以做些什么？传统药方包括改善教育（特别是技术教育）、现代化劳动力市场、减少官僚主义官样文章以及促进外国投资和技术转移。如今，泛美开发银行在这一标准清单上加入了或“横向”或“纵向”的生产性发展政策。