The distinctive feature of this exchange is that it is governed not by the laws of mechanics, but by thermodynamics, particularly the law of entropy, according to which the quantity of free energy that can be transformed into mechanical work diminishes with time – an irreversible process culminating in “heat death.” Numerous researchers, inspired by the late Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s pioneering work on the relationship between economic processes and physics, tried – not very successfully – to formulate an “entropic” theory of economy and society, especially during the 1970’s.
这种相互作用最显著的特征是其不服从力学定律，而服从热学定律，尤其是能量扩散定律，根据这条定律，能够转化为机械做功的自由能量随着时间的流逝而不断减少¾这是一个不可逆转的过程，而“热寂”是这一过程终结时不可避免的归宿。在已故经济学家尼古拉斯·乔治斯库·洛根（Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen）对经济过程和自然环境关系探索性研究的启发下，特别是在20世纪70年代，几位研究人员曾尝试制定适用于经济和社会的“能量扩散”理论，但他们的努力似乎并没有取得多大成功。