Economists have identified six pitfalls that can afflict natural-resource exporters: commodity-price volatility, crowding out of manufacturing, “Dutch disease” (a booming export industry causes rapid currency appreciation, which undermines other exporters’ competitiveness), inhibited institutional development, civil war, and excessively rapid resource depletion (with insufficient saving).
经济学家辨识出自然资源出口国常常陷入的六个陷阱：商品价格波动、制造业挤出、“荷兰病”（某一出口行业的繁荣导致货币迅速升值，瓦解了其他出口行业的竞争力）、制度发展滞后、内战以及资源的过早耗竭（因为不够节约）。