In a world in which people are organized in national communities, a purely cosmopolitan ideal is unrealistic. Global income equalization, for example, is not a credible obligation for a national political leader; but such a leader could rally followers by saying that more should be done to reduce poverty and disease worldwide.
幸运的是，偏隘并不是一种“非此即彼”的道德命题。在一个人民根据国家社区组织的世界中，纯粹的世界主义理想是不现实的。比如，全球收入平等对国家政治领袖来说就不是一个可信的义务，但同样是这位领袖，他可以声称应该做更多事减少全世界的贫困和疾病，以此招徕追随者。