Any doubt as to what form that “substantial stimulus” might take were dispelled a few months later, when then-Fed Governor Bernanke delivered a speech stressing the need for a central bank to deploy unconventional measures to mitigate deflationary risks in an economy that was approaching the zero bound. Such measures could include buying up public debt, providing subsidized credit to banks, targeting longer-term interest rates, or even intervening to reduce the dollar’s value in foreign-exchange markets.
任何对“大规模刺激”的可能形式的疑问在几个月后被打消。时任美联储董事伯南克发表了一篇讲话，强调央行应该采用非常规手段减轻向零区间靠近的经济的通缩风险。这些手段可以包括购买公共债务、向银行提供补贴信用、以长期利率为目标，甚至干预或压低美元在外汇市场上的价值。