A century ago, the economist and political scientist Joseph Schumpeter argued that the central virtue of a market economy was its capacity to innovate. He contended that economists’ traditional focus on competitive markets was misplaced; what mattered was competition for the market, not competition in the market.
一个世纪前，经济学家兼政治学家约瑟夫·熊彼特（Joseph Schumpeter）指出，市场经济的最大好处是其创新能力。他认为，传统上经济学家关注竞争市场，这是个错误；真正重要的是为创造市场而竞争，而不是在市场中竞争。为创造市场而竞争推动了创新。根据这一观点，从长期看，前赴后继的垄断者能带来生活水平的提高。