In the United States, the highly successful cap-and-trade system for sulfur-dioxide emissions has effectively vanished. In Europe, the Emissions Trading System (ETS), the world’s largest market for carbon allowances, has become increasingly irrelevant as well.
在美国，取得了极大成功的二氧化硫“设限+交易”系统基本上销声匿迹了。欧洲的排放交易系统这个全球最大的碳排放配额市场也逐渐变得形同虚设。在大西洋另一端，市场主导的环境监管在过去5年中被旧式的“命令+控制”（command and control）手段所取代，谁要用哪种技术去减少某个数量的特定排放物，一切都由政府说了算。