Intentional targeting of civilians is prohibited, as is an attack on military targets in the knowledge that there will be “clearly excessive” harm relative to the value of the military target. As one would expect, there is no criterion, not even a theory, for determining when the use of force carries an excessive cost to civilian bystanders.
明知将会有相对于军事目标的价值“明显过分”的伤害而故意对准平民目标以及攻击军事目标是禁止的。正如人们所料想的那样，没有什么标准、甚至是理论来确定使用武力带给平民旁观者过度的代价。