If existing companies hope to compete in this new environment, shaped by both top-down and bottom-up forces, they will to have to adapt, preempting disruptive new players by figuring out how to disrupt themselves. Otherwise, they could face a fate similar to Nokia, which was disintermediated by one tech company (Apple) and acquired by another (Microsoft).
如果现有公司想在这一同时被自上而下和自下而上两股力量左右的新环境下竞争，就必须做出改变，通过学习如何颠覆自己先发制人地颠覆新来者。否则它们将面临与诺基亚类似的命运——先是被一家科技公司（苹果）脱媒，然后被另一家（微软）收购。