Even the International Monetary Fund, long the embodiment of the Washington Consensus, has acknowledged that “capital controls are a legitimate part of the toolkit to manage capital flows in certain circumstances.” American Congressmen view the Chinese as archetypal currency manipulators, but the Swiss have introduced a firm cap on the franc’s appreciation.
不少国家——包括巴西、韩国和土耳其——已经实施了多种资本管制。就连华盛顿共识的长期实践者IMF也承认，“在某些情况下，资本管制是合理的资本流管理工具之一”。美国国会认定中国是货币操纵国的典型例子，但瑞士也对瑞郎的波动上限有着严格控制。