Through regulation and administrative directives, banks, insurance companies, and pension funds are being forced to hold much higher shares of government debt than they might voluntarily choose to do. But this approach is hardly progressive, as the final holders of pensions, insurance contracts, and bank deposits are typically the beleaguered middle class and the elderly.
在欧洲，官员还打起了用隐性税（特别是金融抑制）解决公共债务大量积压的问题。通过监管和行政指导，银行、保险公司和退基金进被迫大量增加政府债务的持有比例，远远高出自愿选择情形时的水平。但这一方法很难具有累进性，因为退休基金、保险合同和银行存款的最终持有者通常是处处受压迫的中产阶级和老年人。