The economists Glenn Ellison and Edward Glaeser have found that clustering is only marginally greater than if businesses are allocated randomly. Besides, it is hard not to accept that, in the economist Frances Cairncross’s famous words, we are increasingly seeing the “death of distance.”
&nbsp;“制造业第一”政策的支持者指出，企业“集群”要比个体企业更具生产力。但你很难找到集群效应有多么巨大。经济学家格伦·埃里森（Glenn Ellison）和爱德华·格雷泽（Edward Glaeser）发现，比较企业集群和随机分布，集群只有极微小的优势。此外，用经济学家弗朗西斯·凯恩克罗斯（Frances Cairncross）的名言讲，越来越多的人已经看到了“距离之死”（death of distance），理解这一点并不困难。