Two kinds of institutions in particular need shoring up: conflict management institutions to enhance economies’ resilience to external shocks, and institutions that promote productive diversification. Growth collapsed in Africa in the late 1970’s because of the weakness of the former, and fizzled in Latin America after the first half of the 1990’s because of the weakness of the latter.
各国如果不利用高速增长时期来加强其机制基础就会陷入困境。两种机制尤其需要加强。一是冲突管理机制来增强经济对抗外部冲击的韧性，二是促进高效多样化的机制。七十年代末期，由于第一种机制软弱，非洲的增长崩溃。九十年代早期，由于第二种机制无力，拉美的发展失败了。