But if production entails environmental damage for which companies do not pay, incentives are distorted; companies may turn a profit, but they function inefficiently in economic terms. So the state “corrects” firms’ incentives by levying fines or issuing bans.
但如果生产造成公司不承担成本的环境破坏，激励就被扭曲了；公司或许会有利润，但从经济标准看，它们的运营是低效的。因此，国家通过课以罚款或实施禁令“纠正”企业的激励。