Pope John Paul arrested this process and even tried to reverse it. For progressive theologians like Hans Küng, he was and is therefore a force of anti-modernism, even counter-enlightenment.
但是，约翰·保罗教皇阻止该进程，甚至还试图反对它。对一些激进的理论家诸如Hans Küng来说，约翰·保罗教皇无论是过去还是现在都代表了一股反现代、甚至反对启蒙教化的力量。