So, while a partial failure of the welfare state may help to explain the persistence of health inequalities, one must look elsewhere to understand – and reverse – their rise. Two possible explanations have emerged from the rapidly growing scientific literature on the subject: selective upward social mobility and delayed diffusion of behavioral change.
相反，福利政策的初衷是在雇员和雇主、在劳动力和中产阶级的利益之间形成妥协。因此，其再分配效应是温和的。