A case also worth noting is that of Bolivia, where left-wing administrations have significantly expanded social-welfare spending. But, because cash transfers are universal, rather than targeted at the poor, the overall effect is not progressive but neutral, another paper finds.
另一个值得关注的案例是玻利维亚。在玻利维亚，左翼政府大幅扩大了社会福利支出。但是，另一篇文章发现，由于这些现金转移支付为全民性质而非专门面向穷人，其总体效应不是累进的，而是中性的。