Open up regulated professions – pharmacies, notaries, and taxicabs, for example – and inefficient suppliers will be driven out by more productive firms. Privatize state enterprises, and the new management will rationalize production (and shed all the excess workers who owe their jobs to political patronage).
结构改革背后的理论很简单：让经济开放竞争能增进资源配置效率。开放受监管行业——比如制药、公证和出租车——效率低下的供给者将被生产率更高的企业挤出。国有企业私有化，新管理层将让生产变得更加合理（并裁掉所有依靠政治裙带关系获得工作的多余工人）。