This is social solidarity that evolves along lines of kinship and religion, underpinned by a sense of belonging to the same “homogenous” group. Durkheim contrasts this phenomenon with the more progressive “organic solidarity” that evolves in modern societies according to people’s professional and functional relationships.
阿拉伯社会，尤其是动荡中的阿拉伯社会，正日渐回归到另一位法国社会理论家涂尔干所谓的“机械性团结”之中。这是一种以“同质化”团体所带来的归属感为基础，依托亲情和宗教主线发展变化的社会团结结构。涂尔干把这种现象与更具进步意味的“有机团结”进行了对比，后者依托个人的专业和职能关系成为现代社会的主流。