Though new entrants could undoubtedly disrupt incumbents’ production platforms – Elon Musk’s Tesla Motors is a clear example – they are rare. These days, the more pervasive competitive threat comes from companies in other domains that can erode the customer value proposition after the car is sold.
一个正在取得进步的传统行业是汽车业，该行业的公司正在追求数字化。尽管新来者毫无疑问将破坏老牌公司的生产平台——艾龙·马斯克（Elon Musk）的特斯拉汽车公司就是明证——但它们是少数。近段时间以来，更普遍的竞争威胁来自其他领域的可能影响汽车售后客户价值主张（value proposition）的公司。