Originally formulated after an experience with poor trains in West Africa, Hirschman realized that if a complex social system allowed people to leave (exit), its efficiency might deteriorate; a better solution would be to retain people (loyalty), which would give them incentives to articulate demands (voice) that would improve the system’s performance.
这一框架最初源于在西非的劣等火车体验。赫希曼发现，如果复杂的社会制度允许人们离开（退出），则其效率将会降低；更好的方案是把人留住（忠诚），这会给他们表达需求（呼吁）的激励，而呼吁会改善制度的表现。