It was this system of financial intermediation whose near-collapse in 2008 seemed for many to justify the ancient warnings of the perils of indebtedness. In their exhaustive historical review of financial crises, Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff write: “Again and again, countries, banks, individuals, and firms take on excessive debt in good times without enough awareness of the risks that will follow when the inevitable recession hits.”
而正是这个在2008年几乎崩溃的金融中介系统使许多人重新认识到了关于借贷风险的古老信条。经济学家卡梅隆·莱因哈特和肯尼思·罗格夫在他们全面回顾经济危机的著作中写到：“一次又一次，国家、银行，个人和企业都在年景好的时候过度负债，却没有意识到这些债务在无法避免的危机降临时所带来的风险。”