For example, epigenetics – the study of heritable modifications of the genome that do not involve alterations to the genetic code – is on the rise. And the many kinds of small RNA molecules are increasingly recognized as forming a regulatory layer above the genome.
分子生物学的新发展为传统基因决定论钉上了最后一颗棺材钉。比如，实验胚胎学——不改变基因编码的可遗传基因组修改——正在崛起。许多种类的小RNA分子被逐渐认为能够充当高于基因组的决定因素。