The ILO World Social Security Report found high or very high vulnerability, in terms of poverty and labor-market informality, in 58 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. Most such countries do not provide unemployment insurance, while more than 80% of their populations lack social-security coverage and access to basic health services.
大部分国家都缺少基本社会保障，这加剧了脆弱性。ILO《世界社会安全报告》（World Social Security Report）发现，若以贫困和劳动力市场的不规范程度衡量，58个国家存在高度或极高度的脆弱性问题，与此同时，这些国家80%以上的人口缺少社会保障覆盖，得不到基本卫生服务。