CAMBRIDGE – World oil prices, which have been highly volatile during the last decade, have fallen more than 50% over the past year. The economic effects have been negative overall for oil-exporting countries, and positive for oil-importing countries.
美国剑桥—世界油价在过去十年中波动剧烈，而在去年下跌超过50%。其经济效应对石油出国来说总体为负，而对石油进口国来说总体为正。但间接经济影响如何？如果我们关注环境和其他外部性，那么我们是应该希望油价上涨（因为这会遏制石油消费）还是油价下跌（因为这将遏制石油生产）？