Labor productivity in manufacturing industries rose much faster than in the rest of the economy: The same or higher quantity of steel, cars, and electronics could be produced with far fewer workers. So the “excess” workers moved to service industries – education, health, finance, entertainment, and public administration, for example.
最终，科技进步打破了产业资本主义。制造业的劳动生产率增长远远快于经济的其他部分：质量相同或更高的钢材、汽车和电子产品，只需要少得多的工人就可以生产出来。因此“过剩”的工人们进入服务业——教育、医疗、金融、娱乐和公共管理等。后工业经济诞生了。