As for norms, major states have agreed that cyber war will be limited by the law of armed conflict, which requires discrimination between military and civilian targets and proportionality in terms of consequences. Last July, the United Nations Group of Government Experts recommended excluding civilian targets from cyberattacks, and that norm was endorsed at last month’s G-20 summit.
具体到标准而言，主要国家一致认为网络战争应受武装冲突规则的管辖，即要求区分军事和民用目标，并在袭击后果方面遵循对应原则。去年7月，联合国政府专家小组建议将民用目标排除在网络袭击之外，这一规定刚刚在上个月举行的20国集团峰会上得到通过。