Iran and Russia are the Assad regime’s two main allies and the only external actors able to bring about a change of attitude in Damascus. The Geneva II talks on Syria are tentatively set to be held on November 23, though Lakhdar Brahimi, Joint Special Representative of the UN and the Arab League for Syria, has already expressed doubts about the suitability of the meeting in the absence of credible representatives of opposition forces.
伊朗和俄罗斯是巴沙尔政权的两大主要盟友，也是仅有的两个能够改变大马士革态度的外部行动方。叙利亚问题的日内瓦II谈判初定于11月23日召开，尽管联合国和阿盟叙利亚特别代表布拉希米（Lakhdar Brahimi）对于在可信任的反对派势力代表缺席的情况下会晤是否合适表示了质疑。