The drive in the 1930’s to restrict banking activities occurred in many countries. In Belgium, where the first universal banks had been established in the early nineteenth century, investment and commercial banking were also separated.
20 世纪 30 年代时，许多国家都想要限制银行业活动。虽然在 19 世纪早期就建立起第一个全能银行，比利时当时也勒令投行和商行业务分开。意大利的银行则不许持有工业企业证券。