During the Great Depression, a spiral of protectionist trade quotas and tariff restrictions was used to combat monetary deflation, as popular demand for political action met legislative “log-rolling” by representatives of groups with very different – and often very locally oriented – policy priorities. The political scientist E.E. Schattschneider’s analysis of the process was influential in transferring responsibility for trade measures from the US Congress to the President.
只有在贸易政策方面，教训吸收得要快一些。大萧条期间，各国争相出台贸易配额和关税壁垒等保护主义手段，试图遏制通货膨胀，而公众对政府采取行动的呼声遭遇立法“扯皮”——代表各种地方性利益的集团为争斗不休。政治学家（E. E. Schattschneider）对该过程的分析产生了深远影响，导致制定贸易政策的权力从美国国会转移到总统手中。