Many countries, including Italy and Spain, must overcome structural barriers to competitiveness, growth, and job creation through multi-year reforms of labor markets, pensions, housing, and economic governance. Some, like the US, can combine structural reforms with short-term demand stimulus.
包括意大利和西班牙在内的许多国家必须通过在劳动力市场、养老金，住房和经济治理方面进行多年改革，才有可能跨越在竞争力，增长和创造就业方面所面对的结构性障碍。美国等国可以把短期需求刺激计划和结构性改革结合在一起。而以德国为首的一些国家则能收割多年以来坚定（且不受欢迎的）改革所结下的硕果。