Distinguishing between enhancement and treatment requires defining normality and disease, which is notoriously difficult. For example, Christopher Boorse, a philosopher at the University of Delaware, defines disease as a statistical deviation from “species-typical functioning.”
区分“强化”和“治疗”需要定义正常和疾病，而定义这两个概念的难度尽人皆知。比方说，特拉华大学哲学家克里斯托弗·布尔斯就把疾病定义为基于“物种一般机能”所产生的统计学偏离。