For example, Samsung started as a trading company, moved to food processing, textiles, insurance, and retail, and then on to electronics, shipbuilding, engineering, construction, and aerospace, just to name a few activities. South Korea’s transformation was reflected in the transformation of its leading companies.
如此变化并不是通过独立的创业企业完成的，而是通过集团公司（韩语称之为财阀）完成的。比如，三星公司一开始是一家贸易公司，接着转型为食品处理、纺织、保险和零售商，后来又转变成电子、造船、工程、建筑和航天公司（这里提到的只是其活动的一小部分）。韩国领导公司的转变是韩国国家转变的缩影。