The tradable side of advanced economies has not generated any real net increases in employment for at least two decades, while the jobs that it has created are concentrated in the upper-income and upper-education ranges, with employment declining in the middle and lower range of income and education. Growth in high-end services employment is matched by contraction in high-employment components of manufacturing supply chains.
发达国家可贸易方面至少已经有20年没有产生任何实质就业增长了，即使创造了就业岗位，也集中在高收入、高学历层次，而中低收入和学历就业在减少。高端服务业就业岗位的增加与制造业供应链高就业要素的衰减相匹配。