Ten years later, in 1989, the Soviet model of economic planning and modernization through centrally directed growth was discredited. In its last phases, it had taken on large quantities of foreign debt, and over-indebtedness finally sunk a model that had fundamentally failed long before that.
过了十年，到了1989年，苏联模式——由中央统一指导经济增长的计划经济和现代化模式也丧失了信誉。在最后的日子里，苏联累积了巨额外债，这个负担终于压垮了一个其实早已失败的模式。