In parts of the Balkans long ruled by the Ottoman Empire, trust in government is lower than in nearby regions that just happened to have been ruled by the more efficient Habsburgs. In regions where earlier inhabitants engaged in farming rather than herding, forcing them to cooperate more extensively, their descendants are more likely to form bonds of trust today.
在欧洲，迫害少数民族的历史至少长达500年，但民族和宗教冲突在最近一段时间更加普遍了。在长期受到奥斯曼帝国统治的巴尔干地区，对政府的信任度要低于碰巧由效率更高的哈布斯堡王朝统治的邻近地区。在早期居民从事农耕而不是放牧的地区，先民被迫进行了更广泛的合作，其后代在今天也更易建立起互信。