In most advanced economies, for example, there is still a very large output gap, with output and demand well below potential; thus, firms have limited pricing power. There is considerable slack in labor markets as well: Too many unemployed workers are chasing too few available jobs, while trade and globalization, together with labor-saving technological innovations, are increasingly squeezing workers’ jobs and incomes, placing a further drag on demand.
比如，大部分发达经济体仍存在巨大的产出缺口，产出和需求仍大大低于潜在水平；因此，企业的定价能力受到了限制。劳动力市场也十分萎靡：太多失业工人追求太少的职位，而贸易和全球化，以及劳动力节约型技术创新，正在日益挤占工人的岗位和收入，进一步拖累需求。