But even a partial shift in meat-consumption habits – with consumers choosing options like chicken and seafood, instead of beef – could have a far-reaching impact. Indeed, beef production requires, on average, 28 times more land and 11 times more water than the other livestock categories, while producing five times more greenhouse-gas emissions and six times more reactive nitrogen.
这并不是说所有人必须成为素食主义者。但即使肉类消费习惯的局部改变——如消费者选择鸡肉和海鲜而非牛肉——都能产生深远的影响。事实上，牛肉生产平均而言需要的土地和水是其他家畜卡路里的28倍和11倍，同时排放高出五倍的温室气体和高出六倍的活性氮。