Economic development is a convoluted process, full of challenges and risks, successes and failures, external shocks and internal volatility. And adverse effects – such as a rising debt-to-GDP ratio and excess capacity – are inevitable.
经济发展是一个坎坷的过程，充满了挑战和风险、成功和失败、外部冲击和内部动荡。副作用——如债务-GDP比率上升和产能过剩——也是难以避免的。