Thus, the lesson from economic history and development is straightforward: government support aimed at upgrading and diversifying industry must be anchored in the requisite endowments. That way, once constraints on new industries are removed, private firms in those industries quickly become competitive domestically and internationally.
由此看来，在过往经济史和发展所得到的教训其实显而易见：为了实现产业升级或创新的政府支持应当与必需的要素相结合。只有这样，一旦对某项新产业的限制解除，与该产业相关的私人企业就能迅速在国内外产生竞争力。但接着又出现一个问题：如何定义一个有竞争力的产业，又如何规划实施相关政策以促进其发展呢？