In the 1930’s, the control of banks went hand in hand with the control of capital movements and in the end with the fixing of exchange rates. The alternative of continued capital movements, facilitated by major financial institutions, and flexible exchange rates was set out by a few economists, notably the Austrian Gottfried Haberler, but found no political resonance.
在 20 世纪 30 年代，伴随着银行管制的加强，资本流管制日益趋紧，最终迎来了固定汇率。有一些经济学家，尤其是奥地利人哥特弗里德·哈勃勒（ Gottfried Haberler ）曾经构想了一套替代方案：由大金融机构和浮动汇率促成持续的资本流动，但是政治上的响应者寥寥。