One major risk of trade facilitation is trade diversion – that is, a reduction in customs duties between two countries leads consumers to avoid less expensive products from third countries. If consumer savings do not outweigh the decline in countries’ customs revenue, the end result is reduced welfare.
但上述收益并不是肯定会有。贸易促进的主要风险之一是贸易转移——即两国间征收关税的减少导致消费者拒绝选择来自第三国的更为廉价的产品。如果消费者节省下来的金额赶不上国家降低的关税，那么最终结果是民众福利将因此受损。