Historically, the political ethic of confessional societies has been grounded in a single, basic foundation. In Europe, various kinds of laïque societies have tried to invent themselves out of the ruins of the Christian foundation, but they have made the same mistake in another way, with a kind of Jacobin insistence on the civil religionof the Enlightenment.
在历史上，神权社会的政治伦理建基于一个简单而基本的基础之上。在欧洲，所有世俗社会都尝试摆脱天主教的历史阴影，但他们其实也在用另一种方式犯了同样的错误，比如对启蒙运动所提出的“公民宗教”理念的某种雅各宾式的过分强调。