Over the next decade, for example, China will replace much of its labor-intensive assembly employment with higher-value-added employment in manufacturing and services, not only in the tradable sector, but also – even more noticeably – in the rapidly growing non-tradable part of its economy. The expanding scope and diminishing costs of automation and additive manufacturing may affect labor-intensive functions globally, including in earlier-stage developing countries.
这些动态以及相关挑战并不只是发达国家才需要面对。比如，在未来十年，中国将以高增加值制造业和服务业岗位取代大量劳动密集型装配岗位，不但在可贸易部门是如此，在快速增长的不可贸易部门同样如此（甚至有过之而无不及）。自动化和快速成型制造业领域的扩张和成本的下降将影响全球劳动密集型产业，包括位于早期发展阶段国家者。