These inconsistencies can be explained by external shocks – a point emphasized by Hideo Kobayashi in his book Post-War Japanese Economy and Southeast Asia. During Japan’s economic boom, its total factor productivity (TFP, or the efficiency with which inputs are used) contributed about 40% to GDP growth.
这些不一致可以用外部冲击来解释——小林英夫（Hideo Kobayashi）的著作《战后日本经济和东南亚》（Post-War Japanese Economy and Southeast Asia）强调了这一点。在日本经济繁荣期，其全要素生产率（TFP，或投入的使用效率）贡献了40%的GDP增长。当增长大幅降速时，TFP下降得更快——这一戏剧性变化显然与1971年日元升值和1973年石油危机有关。