Kurds held fast to their own ethnic identity. Eventually, the suppression of the Kurdish language and culture fueled a brutal insurgency, led by the Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK) which has cost the country more than 30,000 lives.
但事实并不像阿塔图尔克计划得那样发生。库尔德人迅速竖起了自身民族身份的大旗。最终，对库尔德语言和文化的镇压煽动了库尔德工人党（Kurdish Workers’ Party，PKK）领导残酷的起义，造成30,000多人死亡。