But it is clear that both voice and loyalty have become a problem for the European Union. Many citizens and governments believe that they lack influence, or voice, which tends to reduce loyalty.
欧洲或许应该在赫希曼理论的指导下重新思考某些当前困境。对于欧洲一体化的努力，婚姻的比喻已经用滥了。但显然，对于欧盟来说，呼吁和忠诚都已成了问题。许多公民和政府人为他们缺少影响力（即呼吁力），而这会影响忠诚。