One argument is that redundancy looks like waste in normal times, with cost-benefit calculations ruling out higher investment. That seems clearly wrong: Numerous expert estimates indicate that built-in redundancy pays off unless one assigns unrealistically low probabilities to disruptive events.
一种论点是充足性在平常时候与浪费无异，成本-效益分析抑制了高投资。这显然是错误的：很多专家的估计表明，除非你给破坏性事件分配低得不现实的概率，否则内嵌充足性就有利可图。