They do not control the main costs that shareholders face when they do not manage the company themselves, such as unprofitable expansion, shirking, retention of free cash flow, and empire building. Unless there is a conflict of interest between a company's management and its board, owners in common-law countries have no legal recourse when managers' operational or strategic decisions are bad, stupid, or otherwise harmful to shareholders.
不仅如此，信用义务仅限于防止内部盗窃，而不能控制股东不亲自管理公司时面临的主要支出，包括非赢利性扩张、收缩、阻碍现金自由流动和创建独裁帝国。除非公司管理层与董事会之间存在利益冲突，否则如果经理做出错误、愚蠢的经营或战略决策，或者伤害到股东利益的时候，普通法国家的所有者可谓求诉无门。