Similarly, Noonan syndrome, a relatively common genetic disorder, is marked by abnormal development in various systems of the body that causes unusual facial characteristics, short stature, and cardiac abnormalities. Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones, and a defect in the part of the brain that controls feelings of satiety or hunger, which leads to overeating and obesity.
同理，努范氏综合症，一种较为普遍的基因紊乱症，伴随有身体各种系统的异常发展，从而导致面貌异常，侏儒和心脏畸形等问题。普瑞德-威利综合症则有如下特征，肌张力差，性激素水平低下以及大脑控制饱饿感的部分出现缺陷，从而导致过度进食和肥胖。