As for the cost of stabilization, estimates in the Stern Review range from 3.4% of GNP to -3.9% (since saving energy reduces energy costs, the latter estimate is not as startling as it appears). Let’s assume that costs to prevent additional accumulation of CO2 (and equivalents) come to 1% of GNP every year forever, and, in accordance with a fair amount of empirical evidence, that the component of the discount rate attributable to the declining marginal utility of consumption is equal to twice the rate of growth of consumption.
至于稳定大气层中二氧化碳水平的代价，根据《斯特恩报告》的预计，在国民生产总值3.5%到-3.9%的范围内（因为节约能源减少了能源成本，后一预计数字并不像它看起来那么惊人）。让我们假定防止二氧化碳（及其等同物）的额外累计的代价永远为每年国民生产总值的1%，那么，根据大量的经验证据，可归因于下降的边际单位消费的贴现率的成份相当于消费增长率的两倍。