To counter this deficit bias, federations in which states do much of the spending and the central government raises most of the taxes typically impose balanced-budget rules on subnational governments. Forty-nine of the 50 US states, for example, have such rules in one form or another.
为了解决这一赤字偏失，州占支出大头、中央政府占税收大头的联邦往往对次国家级政府采取平衡预算规则。比如，在美国的50个州中，有四十九个存在各种类型的这一规则。