This concern has been reflected, for example, in complaints about intervention by China and other emerging markets to prevent currency appreciation. Likewise, successive rounds of quantitative easing by the US Federal Reserve in 2009-2014, the Bank of Japan since 2013, and the European Central Bank since earlier this year, resulted in depreciations of the dollar, yen, and euro, respectively.
这一担忧反映在（比如）对中国的干预以及其他信心市场国家阻止货币升值的行为的指责上。类似地，2009—2014年的美联储、2013年以来的日本银行以及今年早些时候开始的欧洲央行实施了多轮量化宽松，分别造成美元、日元和欧元贬值。