Finally, a reputation for offensive capability and a declared policy that keeps open the means of retaliation can help to reinforce deterrence. Of course, non-state actors are harder to deter, so improved defenses such as pre-emption and human intelligence become important in such cases.
最后，攻击能力的名声和公开宣布以牙还牙政策也有助于增强威慑。当然，非国家行动者更难侦测，因此改善防线——比如先发制人和人力情报——在这类案件中就变得十分重要。但是，在国家之间，即便是核威慑也比乍看上去更复杂，在网络空间中的威慑更是如此。