One aspect of knowledge, as we know from nineteenth-century philosophy (and who studies that anymore?), reflects the integration of information with experience. Today, information is integrated with emotion – and with suspicion, sometimes bordering on paranoia, about the underlying motives of the leadership classes.
即时了解信息并不等于即时掌握知识，更不等于即时做出明智的决策。正如19世纪哲学（谁还学这个？）告诫我们的那样，知识的某一方面所反映的是信息与经验的整合。今天，信息与情感和有时近乎于偏执的怀疑纠缠在一起，进而质疑领导阶级的根本动机究竟是什么。