All seemed to have something to do with speculative price movements that surprised most observers and were never really explained, even years after the fact. They also had something to do with government policymakers’ mistakes.
所有这三次危机似乎都与震惊大部分观察并且此前从未得到真正解释（甚至发生多年后仍未得到真正解释）的投机性价格波动有关。比如，1980—1982年危机是由两伊战争导致的石油价格飙升引发的。但所有这些危机都与导致金融崩溃的资产价格泡沫和破裂有关。