Until the mid 19th century, sedentary Muslim elites were co-opted into the imperial aristocracy, just as, in the 20th century, national communist elites were absorbed into the Soviet nomenclatura .
Hasta mediados del siglo 19, las elites musulmanes sedentarias fueron integradas a la aristocracia imperial, del mismo modo como, en el siglo 20, las elites comunistas nacionales fueron absorbidas en la nomenclatura soviética.