Ohledně této dávné moudrosti panoval jistý skepticismus, když se tvrdilo, že pokud by bylo Japonsko uzavřené a USA otevřené, měly by japonské firmy k dispozici dva trhy, zatímco americké pouze jeden.
There was skepticism about this long-standing wisdom when it was argued that, if Japan was closed and the US was open, Japanese firms would have two markets and American firms would have one.