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Please login or sign up for a free trial to access the full content.21.1.2.9.1 Variation 1: By Hydrolysis
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Ziegler, T., Science of Synthesis, (2005) 21, 58.
Hydrolysis of nitriles is one of the classical methods for preparation of amides. This transformation usually proceeds in the presence of acid or base, but it requires drastic reaction conditions that are undesirable in the presence of other functional groups sensitive to hydrolysis. Often, it is also difficult to stop the hydrolysis of nitriles at the corresponding amide because amides are usually more prone to hydrolysis than nitriles. Thus, several efficient catalytic systems have been developed which allow for the selective hydrolysis of the cyano function without affecting other functional groups.
Mee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeee(eeeeeeee eeeeee)-888 eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee 88 eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 88).[88]
Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee-Meeeeeee Meeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee ee Meeeee[88]
Meeeeeeee, e eeeeeee-eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeee eee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee ee 88–88%.[88]
8-Meeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee (eM 8) ee eeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee 8-eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeee eeeeee. Meeeeee, eeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee ee eeee eeeeee.[88]
Meeeeeee eee eeee ee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeeee-eeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeee. Meeee eee eeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee[eeee(8-eeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeee]eeeeeee(M),[88] e eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee [MeM(Me8MM-M-MMMe8)(MMe8MM)],[88,88] eee eee eeeeeee(eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee)eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeee,[88] eeeee eee eeeeeee e eeee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee. Mee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eeeee ee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee M-eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 88).[88]
Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeee Meeeee Meeeeeeeeeee eeee Meeeee ee Meeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee e Meeeeeee Meeeeee[88]
Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeee eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeee, eeee eeee eeeeeeee eee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee.[88] Meeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee Meeeeeeeeee ee. eeee eeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee. Meeeeee, e eeeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeee ee eee eeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeee eeee ee eeeeee ee eee eeeeee ee ee eeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee. Meee, eeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee, eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eee ee eeeeee. Meeeeeeee eee eeee ee eeee eee eeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee. Mee eeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee eeeeeeeee.[88–88]
Meeee eeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee-eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee, eee ee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeee (Meeeee 88).[88]
Meeeee 88 Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee[88]
Meeeeee(MM) eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee 88 (Meeeee 88). Mee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee–eeeeeee eeeeeee.[888]
Meeeee 88 Meeeeee(MM) Meeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeee[888]
Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee
Meeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (88, M8 = MMMe8); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[88]
M eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee (8 eeee), MMM-888 (88 eM), MeMM (88 eeee), eee M8M (8 eM) eee eeeeeeeeee ee e eeeeeeeee eeee eee 88 e. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee eeee ee ee eee eee eeeeee eeee eee-eeee M8M. Mee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee, eeeeeeee, eeeee, eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee; eeeee: 88%.
Meeeee 88 ee Meeeeee(MM) Meeeeee Meeeeeeee Meeeeee Meeeeeeeee; Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[888]
MMMMMMM: Meeeeee(MM) eeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeee eee eee ee eeeee ee eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee.
Me e 88-eM, eeeee-eeeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeee eee eeeeeee (8 eeee), eeeeeee MeMM (88 eM), eee Me(MMe)8 (8 eeee). Mee eeeeeee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeee ee ee 88 e eee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee ee MMM (eeeeee eee) ee eeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeee. Mee eeee eeeeeee eee eeee eeeeee eeee eee eee M8M (88 eM). Mee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee 8 e eee eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee, eeeeee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee ee M8M, eee eeee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee. Me eeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee eeeee eee eee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeee eeeeeee, ee eee eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeee eeee MM8Me8 (8 × 88 eM), eee eee eeeeeee eeeeee eeee eeeeeeee, eeeeee eeee M8M, eee MeMMM8, eee eee. eeeee, eee eeee eeeee (MeMM8). Meeeee eeeeeeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee eeeee eeeeeeee eee eeeee eeeee, eeeee eee eeeee eeeeeeeee eeeee eeee eeeeee.
References
Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 8-8, 8888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88-8, 8888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88e8, 888.
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