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Balaban, T. S., Science of Synthesis, (2005) 26, 128.
The oxidation of ethene to acetaldehyde employing palladium(II) and copper(II) salts under an oxygen atmosphere is one the most important industrial processes based on homogeneous transition-metal catalysis, and is widely known as the Wacker process. It has been known since 1894 that by passing ethene into an aqueous solution of palladium(II) chloride, palladium metal (or palladium black) is deposited and acetaldehyde is produced,[3] and this reaction has been used for the quantitative analysis of palladium(II).[4] After the engineering of an in situ redox couple, a catalytic cycle was realized and it became possible to industrialize this process.[5–9]
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Meeeee 8 Meeeeeee ee Meeeee Meeeeeeee Meeee eee Meeeee–Meeee Meeeeeee[88,88–88]
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Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee(MM)-Meeee Meeeeee eee eee Meeeeeeee ee Mee-8-eee ee Meeee-8-eee[88,88,88]
Meeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeee, eee eeeeeeee ee eeeeee eeeeeee eeeee eeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee, eeeeeeee eeee, ee eeeeeeeeee eeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee ee eee eeeeeeee eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee 8 (Meeeee 8).[88,88] Meeee eeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeeee, eeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeee–eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeee[88,88] ee eeeeeeeee(MM) eeeeeeee/eeeeee(MM) eeeeeeee ee eeeeeee,[88–88] eeeee M=M eeee eeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee (e.e., eeeeeeeeeeeeeee).
Meeeee 8 Meeeeeeee-Meeeeeeee Meeeeeeee ee Meeeeeeeeeee[88]
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Meeeeeeeeeee Meeeeeeee
Meeee-8-eee (8); Meeeeee Meeeeeeee:[88]
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References
Meeeeee Meeeeeeeeee
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 88/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 8/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) 88/8e, 888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88-8, 8888.
- 8.Meeeee-Meee, (8888) M 88-8, 8888.
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