Mosadi
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Mosadi (/ˈwʊmən/), pl: Mosadi (/ˈwʊmən/)ke /ˈwɪmɨn/ wa /ˈwɪmɨn/ Tlefoko mosad i le dirisiwa thata mogolo, fa lefoko mosetsana le dirisiwa thata go raya ngwana kana monana. Mme, lefoko mosadi nako dingwe le dirisiwa mo mothong wa mme, go sa kgathalesege gore o dingwaga tse kae, jaaka {1)ditshwanelo tsa bomme .
Contents
Ethemologi[baakanya | edit source]
lefoko la bogologolo la sekgowa(0/} la mosadi le raya "motho wa mme" fa la monna' le raya "motho wa rre". Bong jwa'Monna bo nale thaloso e e fagare ya "setho" go tshwana le lefoko la seyei la "bongwefela" kgotsa "mongwe". Mme fela ka dingwaga tse dikgolo tse di fitileng lefoko "monna" la simolola go dirisiwa go raya motho wa rre, le bofelo jwa dingwaga tse dimakgokgolo le bobedi lefoko la rre le ne le dirisiwa bogologolo la simolola go nyelela.[1] Bathami ba ne simolola go tlhama lefoko "mosadi": tsetlana ya ntlha e e raya "mme", mme la tswelela fela jaalo go fithela e nna "mme yo o nyetsweng"
Tshimologo ya mosadi go ya ka batho ba Uropa, *gwen -, ke ko lefoko laseyei sa mmadichaba (le simologile cwēn go tewa mosadi , a tsholetswe kana a sa tsholelwa mo letlepung; kgang e e santse e le teng ko Danish ka piletso ya bone ya kvinde , le ko Swedish kvinna ), le dingaka tsa botsogo jwa bomme (go tswa mo segerikeng ke Yuvή gynē ), banshee mosadi wa masalamose (go tswa Irish ke mosadi wadinawa , mme wa masalamose) le zenana (go tswa ko Persian زن zan ). mo se latineng ke fēmina , go raya mme , le simologile mo lefokong la fellāre (go annyaa), go raya go amosa ka lebele.[2][3]
Se supo sa lefelo la Venus ke sesupo se se dirisiwang mo ithuthuntshong ya ditshidi go emela bong jwa mme. ke se supo sa seipone sa letsogo la modingwana wa venus kana letshwao la modingwana le nang le sefapano fa tlase: (Unicode: ♀). Stshwantsho sa venus le sone se emetsemosadi, mme mo ditso tsa bogologolo go ne go tewakopore. Badiri le tsa maranyane ba agile setshwantsho se se dikologang og supa mowa[[]] kwa godimo le go kgabaganya sefapaano( se supa [[senngwe[[]]]]
Mafoko[baakanya | edit source]
Template:See Go aloga ga motho wa mme ke lobaka la botshelo jwa ga mme fa sena go aloga mo bonaneng go nna mogolo, thatathata mo dingwageng tse di lesome le boferabobedi. Kgolo e simolola fa dinwageng tse lesome, go bo go latelwa ke bonana mo dingwageng tse di lesome le bobedi go fithela lesome le boraro. Dingwao dile dintsi di nale kaloso go supa gore mosetsana o mo dingwageng tse dirileng,jaaka thomamiso ya makalana a sekeresete, kalogo ya basetsana ka se dumedisa sa Judaism, kana go ipelela malatsi a botsalo (thatathata magare ga dingwaga tse di lesome le bobedi le masome mabedi le bongwe). lefoko mosadi le ka dirisiwa go raya motho wa mme kana mme yo o godile go farologanya mosetsana . lefoko mosetsana le simologile le raya "monana go sa kgathalesege bong jwa bone" ka puo ya seyei; kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga tse dikete tsa makgolo a le lesome le borataro, le ne la simolola go raya ngwana wa mme . lefoko mosetsana nako nngwe le raya mme yo o sa nyalwang kgotsa yo monnye, Mme fela kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 1970, balwela ditshwanelo tsa bomme ba ne ba nna kgathanong le go dirisa lefoko le go raya mme yo o godileng ka go nne go ka nna ga ba kgopisa. Mafoko a mangwe jaaka mosetsana yo o bereka mo ofising ga a sa thole a dirisiwa .
Mo dingwaong tse dingwe tse go gokagangwang le seriti sa lelwapa le mosetsana yo a ise a tlhakanele dikobo, lefoko mosetsana le santse le dirisiwa go raya mosadi a ise a nyalwe gotlhelele; Fa o bitsa mme yo o sa nyalang ore mosadi , mo dingwaong tse dingwe go raya gore o thalefile, mo thakanelo dikobo, se a ka se tsaya jaaka mathapa.
Go na le mafoko a a farologanyeng go supa boleng jwa go nna mosadi. lefoko la "womanhood" le raya seemo sa go nna mosadi, a fetile seemo sa boonana; "femininity" le dirisiwa go raya qualities tsa mosadi tse di tsamaelanang le maitsholo kgathanong le maikarabelo a bong; "womanliness" e tshwana le "femininity", mme e dirisiwa thata fa go buiwa ka maikarabelo a bong; "femaleness" ke lefoko le le dirisiwang thata go raya , "human femaleness"; "distaff" is an archaic adjective derived from women's conventional role as a spinner, now used only as a deliberate archaism; "muliebrity" is a neologism (go tswa mo se latineng) meant to provide a female counterpart of "virility", mme le dirisiwa thata go raya "womanhood", nako ngwee "femininity" tse dingwe lefoko fela le le rayang mosadi.
Ditso[baakanya | edit source]
Basadi ba ntlha maina a bone e ne ele:
- Enheduanna,E ne le moruti wa tempeleya Moon God ko toropong ya Sumerian y a Ur and le kgonagalo ya mmoki wa ntlha le mokwadi wa bong bongwe le bongwe.[4]
- Tashlultum,Mosadi wa ga Sargon wa ko Akkad, mmaagwe Enheduannafl. late 24th-early 23rd centuries BCE
- Peseshet, Template:C., Ene e le physician wa ditso tsa ko Egepeto[24]
- Merit-Ptah, O ne a nna ko Egepeto o ne a itsege jaaka physician le modira le maranyane.Template:C.
- Merneith, Ene e le mosadi le regent wa letso la Egepeto ka nako tsa ntlha tsa go busa. O ne a itsaya jaaka mmusi wa Egepeto ka boene..[5][5]
- Neithhotep, Template:C., Ene e le mosadi wa ga Narmer le mmamosadi wa letso la Egepeto[33]
Ithuthuntsho ya ditshidi le bong[baakanya | edit source]
Ka mafoko a ithuthuntsho ya ditshidi, dikarolo tsa jwa bong jwa ga mme di inaakantse le reproductive system, fa maemo a bobedi a ditsetlana tsa bong tsone di inaakantse le go godisa bana, mme ha dingwao tse di nngwe e le go kgatlha mate. Mae a bomme mo godimo ga tsamaisa function producing hormones, a diretswe go dira gametes tse bidiwang mae, a ereng a kopana le a borre, a dire motho. Popelo ke karolo e nang le tissue e tlhokomelang le go godisa kgolo ya fetus le muscle go ntsha ka nako ya pelegi. Bosadi bo dirisetswa thobalano le pelegi.(le fa lefoko la bosadi le sa dirisiwe sentle nako tse dintsi ko raya kgoro ya bosadi jwa mme, mo go akaretsang dikarolo tsotlhe tsa bosadi) . lebele le fetoga go tswa ko sweat gland go ntsha mashi, dikotla secretion tse di haphegileng mo bathing, gammogo le go belega. Bo bomme ba bagolwane,lebele le bothokwa thata go na le mo ditshiding tse dinngwe: bothokwa jo ga se ja go ntsha masi fela, ke ka lobaka la thopho ya bong. (ke kafa banna ba farologanang ka teng le bo mme).
Go sa lekaneng ga ditsetlana tsa mmele, go ka fetola, maemo a bobedi a bong mo bana ba ba imilweng. Basadi ba le bantsi ba na le karatype 46,XX, mme bongwe mo lekgolo ba na le 47,XXX le bongwe mo 2500 ba na le 45,X. Se se farologana le mo banneng ka ba na le karotype ya 46,XY; mme segotso sa X le Y di itsege jaaka mmele le rre ka go latelelana. Ka gonne batho gotsa mitochondrial DNA go tswa fela mo maeng a ga mme, ithuthuntsho tsa segotso tsa bomme di itebagantse le mitochondrial DNA.
Ditsetlana tsa ithuthuntsho ya ditshidi ga dithalose sentle gore o ka itse jang gore ke mosadi kana ba bangwe ba mmona e le mosadi. Batho ba ba kopantseng bong, ba dirisa ditsela tse dingwe go lemoga seo. Go na le bo mmme ba ba fetolang bong jwa bone, ba ba neng ba tshotswe e le borre, mmele ba lemoga fa ele mme: go na le dithaloso tse di farologaneng tsa sechaba, melao tsa batho fa go buiwa ka kgang e. (Bona gape Basadi ba nneleng bomme ka go fetola bong.)
Fa banna ba le bantsi ba tsholwa go na le bomme, fa go lebeletse lobaka la botshelo, go na le bomme ba dingwaga tse di le masome a marataro, go na le borre ba dingwaga tse di tshwanang. Basadi ba tshela lobaka go na le banna.[6] Fa banna ba le bantsi ba tsholwa go na le bomme, fa go lebeletse lobaka la botshelo, go na le bomme ba dingwaga tse di le masome a marataro, go na le borre ba dingwaga tse di tshwanang. Basadi ba tshela lobaka go na le banna. Se se dirwa ke kopakopano tsa mabaka: segotso( dintha tsa segotso tse difithelwang mo basading); sechaba(jaaka basadi ba sa letelelwe go nna masole mo maatsheng a mangwe); ditshwetso tse di amang botsogo( jaaka go ipolaya kana go goga motsoko le go nwa nno tagi); le go fithelwa ga hormone ya basadi ostrogen, e e na le ditamorago mo basadi ba ba sa tholeng ba tshola; le seemo se se ko godimo sa androgens mo banneng. Mo dipalong tsotlhe tsa batho, go nale banna ba le lekgolo le bongwe mo basading ba le lekgolo(motswedi: 2001 World Almanac).
Basadi ba le bantsi ba diragalelwa ke menarche, mme fela ba bo ba kgona go ima ba bo ba tshola bana. Se gore go diragela, lee la mosadi le tshwanetse go kopangwa le la monna ka thobalano, kgotsa ka tiriso ithwadisa mosadi ka maranyane Ithuthuntso ya bong jwa mosadi le dirwe tse di dirisiwang go tshola go bidiwa gynaecology.
Go na le malwetsi a amang basadi fela, jaaka lupus Gape go na le malwetsi a bong a fithelwang thata mo basading jaaka kankere ya lebele, kankerere ya molomo wa popelo, le kankere ya popelo. Basadi le banna ba kgona go nna le dikai tse di farologaneng tsa bolwetsi, gape ba ka amogela ka lafiwa ka mokgwa o o farologaneng. Karolo e ya tshekatsheko ya melemo e ithuthuntshwa ke ba ithuti ba melemo ya bong.
Mo malatsi a ntlha a boimana, ga o ka ke wa lemoga gore bong jwa ngwana ke eng; go ntshiwa ga di hormone ke gone go fetolang tebego ya mme kgotsa rre. Mo ditshidi tse dirang bana ba ba senang bong, bong jwa tsone bo tshwantshangwa thata le jwa mosadi go na jwa ga rre.
Ngwao le Ditiro tsa bong[baakanya | edit source]
Mo dingwao tse difitileng, basadi b na le ditiro tsa bone ba le nosi ka fa ngwaong. Mo chabeng e batho ba tshelang ka go tsoma, basadi ba neng kgobokanya dijo tsa ditlhare, diphologolo tse dinnye, ditlhapi le go ithuta go dira dijo tsa masi, fa banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse ditona. Moitsaanape wa matshelo a batho, o ne a bolela fa basadi ba simolotse go tshela botshelo jo morago ga ba bona fa ba ka nna teng, se se ne sa dira ditiro tse tsa bong go nna tlhabologo go na le diphetogo Botswana
Mo ditso sesha, ditiro tsa basadi di fetogile thata. Traditionally, middle-class women were typically involved in domestic tasks emphasizing child care. For poorer women, especially working class women, although this often remained an ideal,Template:Specify economic necessity compelled them to seek employment outside the home. The occupations that were available to them were, however, lower in pay than those available to men.
Jaaka diphetogo mo ditiro tsa bomme di simolola, mmereko e e neng e le teng, ya basadi e ne ya fetoga go tswa mo lesweng go ya ko ditiro tse go berekwa nako e telele ya go kolomaka, go ya ko ditirong tsa maemo tsa ofising, tse di neng di thoka dithutego e efa godimo, palo ya basadi ba ba neng ba bereka mo bosoleng, e ne ya oketsega ka borataro ka ngwaga ya 1900 go ya ko masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1923. Diphetogo tse tsa ditiro mo tshiriletso, e dirile gore go nne le diphetogo mo boitsholong jwa basadi mo mmerekong, mo go neng ga letelela diphetogo mo basading go nna ditiro le go itebaganya le thuto.
Batho ba emeng ka dinao go boelela ba tekatekanyo ya bong jotlhe le go lekalekana ga ditshwanelo go sa kgathalesege gore ke ba bong bo fe. Ka dikopano tsa diphetogo tsa itsholelo, le maiteko ya ba boeledi ba basadi, mo dingageng tse di lesome tse di fitileng basadi mo metseng e mengwe ba letelelwa go nna le ditiro e seng tsa go bereka mo malwapeng fela.
Although a greater number of women are seeking higher education, salaries often continue to be less than those of men. In the United States women who are ages 30 to 44 and hold a university degree make only 62 percent of what similarly qualified men do, a lower rate than in all but three of the 19 countries for which numbers are available. The nations with greater inequity in pay are Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland.[7]
Thuto[baakanya | edit source]
Mafatshe a OECD[baakanya | edit source]
Thuto[baakanya | edit source]
Dithuto tsa pharologanyo mo bong mo mafetsheng a dikomponing tsa itsholelo le thabololo(OECD)di fokotsegilwe mo dingwageng tse masome mararo. Basadi ba banye bontsi jwa bone ba feditse sekolo sa bo ne se segolwane, mo mafatsheng a a lesome a boferabobedi le masome mararo, mo go ntsi gabedi go na le basadi ba dingwaga tse di masome mabedi le bo masome mararo le bone ba feditse dikole tse di golwane go na basadi ba dingwaga tse masome mathano le masome a borataro le bone. Mo mafatsheng OECD a masome mabedi a masome mabedi le bosupa ba ban a le kitso e e kalo, palo ya basadi ba ba alogileng ko mmadikole go lekana kana go feta banna. Basetsana ba dingwaga tse lesome le bothano, ba solofetsa go nna le botshelo jo bo botoka go na le basimane ba ba lekanang le bone.
Le fa basadi ba le bantsi ba ba alogiwang mo mmadikole mo mafatsheng a OECD, ba amogela selekanyo se se masome mararo a dithuto tsa maranyane le bo engineering, le basadi ba ba mo tshekatshekong tse palo tse di masome ma bedi le bothano and masome mararo le bothano mo mafatsheng a OECD.[8]
O ka tsibogela[baakanya | edit source]
- Botsogo
- Ditiro tsa bong
- Mosadi yo fetotseng bong
- Botsogo:
Medical:
- Go tshola ngwaga
- dikakanyo tsa bomme
- dipharologanyo tsa bong
- Obstetrics
Dynamics:
- Go nna mosadi
- ka fa batsadi ba tsewang ka teng mo sechabeng
- Matriarchy
- Misogyny
- Efa wa mo baebeleng
- bong
- Basadi mo boranyane
- Basadi mo sedumeding
Political:
- go buelela basadi
- ithuthuntsho ya bong
- Go nna mosadi
kitso ee kwadilweng go tsweng:[baakanya | edit source]
- ↑ monna - definition Dictionary.reference.com
- ↑ mmamosadi - The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Bartleby.com
- ↑ mmamosadi - The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Bartleby.com
- ↑ Samuel Kurinsky. "Jewish Women Through The Ages - The Proto-Jewess En Hedu'Anna, Priestess, Poet, Scientist". Hebrew History Federation. http://www.hebrewhistory.info/factpapers/fp036_women.htm.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wilkinson, Toby A.H. (2001). Early dynastic Egypt (1 ed.). Routledge. p. 74. ISBN 978-0415260114. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AR1ZZO6niVIC&pg=PA74&dq=merneith+wife+daughter&cd=1#v=onepage&q=merneith%20wife%20daughter&f=false.
- ↑ "Why is life expectancy longer for women than it is for men?". Scientific American. 2004-08-30. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-is-life-expectancy-lo. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ↑ "U.S. Education Slips In Rankings". CBS News. 13 September 2005. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/09/13/national/main838207_page2.shtml?tag=contentMain;contentBody.
- ↑ Women in Scientific Careers: Unleashing the Potential, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ISBN 92-64-02537-5, Publication Date: 20 November 2006. Retrieved December 2006.
Tswelela o bala tse di latelang[baakanya | edit source]
- Chafe, William H., "The American Woman: Her Changing Social, Economic, And Political Roles, 1920–1970", Oxford University Press, 1972. ISBN 0-19-501785-4
- Roget’s II: The New Thesaurus , (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003 3rd edition) ISBN 0-618-25414-5
- McWhorter, John. 'The Uses of Ugliness', The New Republic Online , January 31, 2002. Retrieved May 11, 2005 ["bitch" as an affectionate term]
- McWhorter, John. Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority (New York: Gotham, 2003) ISBN 1-59240-001-9 [casual use of "bitch" in ebonics]
- Routledge international encyclopedia of women , 4 vls., ed. by Cheris Kramarae and Dale Spender, Routledge 2000
- Women in world history : a biographical encyclopedia , 17 vls., ed. by Anne Commire, Waterford, Conn. [etc.] : Yorkin Publ. [etc.], 1999–2002
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle[baakanya | edit source]
Template:Wiktionary Template:Wiktionary Template:Commons category
- Ditso
- Ditso tsa basadi mo Amerika
- Ditso tsa go tsena ga basadi mo botsogo ko Fora; dithuthuntso le mekwalo ya BIUM() bona le motoba wa yone
- Bodumedi
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