ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ "ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱟᱯᱟᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱢ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱜᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱟᱞᱞᱩᱨ, ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱸᱜᱟᱞᱯᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱙᱘᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱘,᱙᱔᱖,᱗᱓᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾[᱒]
ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱼᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ AD ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ᱾ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓᱓ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ, ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱜᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱓ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱠᱞᱮᱵ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ (ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ "ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ" ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱟ,ᱟᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱵᱞᱚᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚ ᱟ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮ ᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ, ᱑᱗᱘ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱴᱚᱨ (᱖᱙ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱒᱖ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖᱔ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱾[᱑][᱓] ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ,ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱑᱖᱓᱙ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱫᱨᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱨᱚᱡ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱨᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱯᱯᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱠᱩᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾[᱔]
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱔᱒᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭᱮᱸ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱢᱟᱸᱰᱮᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱚᱞᱞᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱪᱮᱸᱜᱟᱞᱯᱟᱴᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱸᱪᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱭᱮᱸ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ 12°59' ᱟᱨ 13°9' ᱟᱨ 80°12' ᱟᱨ 80°19' ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ 'ᱡᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ' ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 1:5000 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 1:10,000 ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱕] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱸᱴ, ᱯᱟᱞᱞᱟᱵᱚᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱸᱵᱚᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱡ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱖] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱜᱤᱰ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱼᱜᱚᱞᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱚᱢᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱒᱕.᱖᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒.᱕%) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱢᱯᱚᱴᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ "ᱠᱚᱭᱮᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ" ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱦ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱪᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱝ, ᱠᱚᱣᱩᱢ (ᱠᱚᱭᱮᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱰᱭᱟᱨ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱞ (ᱵᱟᱠᱤᱸᱜᱷᱟᱢ), ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ (ᱚᱴᱮᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱱᱟ) ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱰᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱙᱘᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱘,᱙᱔᱖,᱗᱓᱒ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱙᱒᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱔᱕,᱕᱙,᱓᱒᱔ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓᱕,᱕᱑᱙ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱓,᱒᱓,᱘᱐᱕ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ: ᱑᱖.᱗᱘% ᱟᱨ .᱒᱒% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱒.᱙᱙% ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱘᱑.᱒᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒]
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑᱕᱔,᱙᱘᱒ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑᱘,᱑᱗,᱒᱙᱗ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐,᱒᱑᱐ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ, ᱑᱐,᱒᱕᱑ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱞᱰ ᱤᱸᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱙,᱑᱔᱓, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕,᱖᱙,᱙᱕᱐ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗,᱗᱔᱓ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ, ᱔,᱒᱔᱔ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ, ᱓,᱔᱒᱓ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱘,᱒᱐᱒ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱗]
᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱵᱞᱚᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐.᱗᱑ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓]
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ ᱑.᱐ ᱑.᱑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs named
TH-5Jan
- ↑ ᱒.᱐ ᱒.᱑ ᱒.᱒ ᱒.᱓ ᱒.᱔ "District Census Handbook Chennai, Part XII - B" (PDF). Census of India 2011. 16 June 2014.
- ↑ ᱓.᱐ ᱓.᱑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs named
ToI-19Jan
- ↑ "District Profile, Chennai". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
- ↑ "Session-3 River and Drainage System in CMA" (PDF). CMDA. Retrieved 30 Dec 2011.
- ↑ Chapter IX Macro Drainage System in CMA
- ↑ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Chennai district". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck sat_Olck eng_Latn bam_Latn eng_Latn sat_Olck eng_Latn bam_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn