ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱤᱛ
ᱦᱚᱠᱤᱛ, ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱺ Constitution of India) ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱙ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ (᱒᱖ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ) ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱠᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱑][᱒][᱓] ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱬᱚᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔]
ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱔᱘ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱰᱩᱞᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱠᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱙᱕ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱰᱩᱞᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱥᱠᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱗᱙ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱶᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱱ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱗᱔ (᱑) ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱤᱥ-ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ [᱕]
ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱠᱷᱳᱞ (ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱺᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱴᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱠᱷᱳᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱹᱱᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱡᱚᱯᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱡᱚᱯᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱼᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱼᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱤ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱱᱩᱪ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱩᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱖ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱟᱵᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱤᱛ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ-
- ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱠᱨᱟᱥᱤ (ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ)
- ᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ)
- ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨᱤᱡᱢ (ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ)
- ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞᱤᱡᱢ (ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ)
- ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱯᱮᱱᱰᱮᱸᱴ ᱤᱢᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱞ ᱡᱩᱰᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ (ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱳᱴ)
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ (Democracy) ᱺ-ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱑᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ (President) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱜᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱚᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ (Socialistic) :-ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱟᱵᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ, ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ, ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲᱟᱱ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱮᱯᱮᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Secularism) :-ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ (Federalism) :-ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ-
- ᱚᱞᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ
- ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
- ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ
ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ (Independent Impartial Judiciary) :-ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ, ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱴᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ (Supreme Court) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ (High Court) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Fundamental Right) ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Fundamental Right)ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱟᱵᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱠᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱣᱟᱰ ᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ-
- ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Right to Equality)
- ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Right to Freedom)
- ᱡᱮᱸᱵᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Right against Exploitation)
- ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Right to Freedom Religion)
- ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱰᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Cultural and Educational Right)
- ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
᱑ᱹ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱮᱡ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱼᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱑᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱑᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱦᱟᱴ, ᱦᱚᱴᱮᱞ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡᱽ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱠᱩᱸᱭ, ᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱨᱤ, ᱦᱚᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾
- ᱑᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ ᱱᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱑᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱑᱘ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱾
᱒ᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱮᱡ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱑ᱹ ᱑᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ-
- ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ
- ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ
- ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ
- ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ
- ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱱᱩᱥᱛᱤᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ
᱒ᱹ ᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱰᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱺ-
- ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ ᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾
᱓ᱹ ᱒᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
᱔ᱹ ᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱛ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱺ-
- ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
- ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱔ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱠ ᱟᱠᱚᱴ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
᱓ᱹ ᱡᱮᱸᱵᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱰᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱑ᱹ ᱒᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨ, ᱵᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱚᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ, ᱵᱤᱴᱷᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱣᱜ ᱟᱭ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
᱒ᱹ ᱒᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱣ, ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱜᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
᱔ᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
- ↑ "Preface, The constitution of India" (PDF). http://india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/constitution-india-full-text. Government of India. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
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- ↑ "Introduction to Constitution of India". Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 29 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
- ↑ Das, Hari (2002). Political System of India. Anmol Publications. p. 120. ISBN 81-7488-690-7.
- ↑ Pylee, M.V. (1997). India's Constitution. S. Chand & Co. p. 3. ISBN 81-219-0403-X.
- ↑ http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/facts.htm
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