ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ
ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ (Arabic: محمد; pronounced [muħammad]; French: Mahomet /məˈhɒmɪt/; latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)[᱑] ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱭᱜᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱱᱩᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱩ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ
ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱨᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱱᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱚᱵ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱫᱤᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱥᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱟᱣᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱚᱵ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱕᱗᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱙ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱵᱤ ᱨᱳᱵᱤᱩᱞ ᱟᱣᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱒ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱠᱷ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱒] ᱟᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱞᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱵᱫᱩᱞᱞᱟᱦ ᱤᱵᱱᱮ ᱟᱵᱫᱩᱞ ᱢᱩᱛᱟᱞᱤᱵ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱖ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱓] ᱟᱨᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱛᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱞᱤᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱮ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱵᱮᱫᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱸᱪ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱸᱪ ᱚᱲᱟᱜᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱠᱷ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱫᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱟᱹᱢᱤᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱜᱮ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱲᱦᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱫᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱴᱚᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾
ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱢᱳᱫᱤᱱᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱨᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱜᱚᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱭᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱔] ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱒ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱱᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱜ ᱟᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱛᱮᱛ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱮᱵ ᱴᱷᱮᱱᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱭᱱᱟ᱾
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
᱔᱐ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱨᱤᱡᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱳᱵᱩᱭᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨᱚᱵ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱲᱟᱠᱩ ᱜᱟᱛᱮᱠᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱤᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱤᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱩ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱠᱩᱨᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱩᱢᱳᱨ ᱤᱵᱱᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱛᱟᱵᱮᱨ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱚᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ importance ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱨᱟᱵ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱨ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
᱖᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱑᱐᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱵᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱡᱽ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱮ ᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱩᱣᱟ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱤᱠᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱠᱩᱣᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤᱭ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
ᱦᱤᱡᱽᱨᱤ ᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱳᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱟ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱷᱮᱸᱭᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱳᱵᱤᱩᱞ ᱟᱣᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱒ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱧᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- Muḥammad, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
- Muhammad, article on Encyclopædia Britannica Online
- Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet — PBS Site
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
- ↑ Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam, page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
- ↑ Esposito, John L. (ed.) (২০০৩)। The Oxford Dictionary of Islam। পৃ: ১৯৮। আইএসবিএন 978-0-19-512558-0। সংগৃহীত ১৯ জুন ২০১২।
- ↑ Meri, Josef W. (২০০৪)। Medieval Islamic civilization 1। Routledge। পৃ: ৫২৫। আইএসবিএন 978-0-415-96690-0। সংগৃহীত ৩ জানুয়ারি ২০১৩।
- ↑ An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 182
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