By Nor Koo
Ningbaw Kaba Maran Brang Seng (13 ning ladu hkrum masat)
KIO/KIA hpe woi-awn lai wa sai Nb. Kb. Maran Brang Seng gaw 2007 ning August shata 8 ya hta mungkan ntsa na wundoi mat wa ai gaw shaning 13 ladu hkrum sai. Shi n nga mat sai. Shi hpe n mu mada sai. Raitim, shi ayan tsun tsun re ai mungga langai gaw tinang gammaka tinang dawdan hparan ngu ai self-determination rai nga lu ai. Dai mungga gaw masha si tim, asak naw hkrung nga lu ai. Daigaw, laiwa sai shaning 200 lahta de, Pyintit Rawtmalan (French Revolution) ten hta Paris lam lamaw ntsa ni hkan mungshawa masha ni marawn jahtau ai “Liberté! Égalité! Fraternité!” ngu ai “Liberty! Equality! Brother-hood!” hpungtang kashaw nsen (reverberation) matut rai nga ai, ngu yang n shut nhten!
French Revolution, American Revolution, Indian Revolution, Miwa Rawtmalan, Myen Rawtmalan, Kachin Rawtmalan zawn re ni yawng gaw tinang gammaka tinang dawdan hparan lu na matu kapaw pru wa ai hkrai, rai nga ma ai. Gashadawn, July 4, 1776 America Shanglawt ndau shabra laika (The Declaration of Independence) hpe yu yang mung, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”, ngu da ai. American rawtmalan labau gaw 1620 AD hkan na hpang wa sai, rai nga ai. Rawtmalan ngu ai Revolution hpe John Adams tsun ai gaw “The Revolution was affected before the war commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people.” American gumsan magam John Adams tsun mayu ai “rawtmalan” gaw “majan n byin shi yang, rawtmalan gaw shawng byin pru nhtawm, dai rawtmalan gaw shawa masha dawwa-dawtsa myit masin, salum kata hta rawng shajang nga nga ai. Rawtmalan ai kaw nna majan de bai lahkam wa ai, rai nga ai. Majan shagu rawt malan n re. Rawtmalan shagu gaw majan re. Rawtmalan hpan hpan nga nga ai. Rawtmalan shagu laknak lang ai n re. American rawtmalan gaw mungshawa akyu-ara matu ninggam hte ninggam jat lung mat wa ai hkrai, rai nga ai. Hkring mat ai, htingnut mat ai, yawm mat ai, mat mat ai n nga nga ai.
Kachin ni na madang masa, Political Stands hpe British Colony prat grup-yin ten kaw nna mabyin masa labau ni hpe bai galam hpaw asoi yu ga. Dai shawng shawng de na gamung hpe gaw n dup shi ga. Chying-hkraw galu ai. Dr. Gordon S. Seagrave, John L. Christian ni gaw Kachin hpe “The Kachins were fast chopping themselves southward through the Shans and Burmese, and if the British had not taken over Burma, they would have by this time been unquestioned masters of the country.”, ngu da ai hpe maram lu na re. Daihte maren dai ten na Kachin duwa ni madang masa political control hpe Dr. Ola Hanson bai ka matsing da ai gaw, “The Kachin Chief lived in his mountain fortress, from which he sent his subordinates to collect taxes or levy blackmail on the Shans and Burmans in the lowlands. If there was any delay in payment, or if they showed any spirit of in-subordination, the robber chief took quick vengeance, raiding their villages or imposing a heavy fine in grain, cattle and money. It is only the British rule that has put an end to their conquests, and established peace and order among the hills”.
Kachin duwa ni gaw Kachin lamuga gaiwang hta jumtek uphkang ai, rai nga ai. Ahkun hkanse hkawn bang jaw ra ai. Myen, Sam sha n ga, tinang Kachin ni mung, tinang nga ai gaiwang ginra na Kachin duwa hpe ahkun hkanse hkawn bang jaw ra ai hkrai, rai nga ai. Ndai ten hta India Singpho, Miwa Jinghpawsu, Myen Kachin ngu nna lamuga hpe ga karan n hkrum ga ai. Htinglu-htinglai, shang shang pru pru rai, Kachin htung-hking hte makai shabawn tawn da hkrum ai ni, rai nga ai. Kachin ni mung shadada gumlau gumsa majan, duwa shadada nut hkat ai majan ni mung nga nga ai. Lahpawami tsun tsun, tinang gammaka tinang hparan ai Kachin ni hkrai, rai nga ma ai, ngu yang n shut nhten!
British ni shang wa ai ten hta bai yu ga. Hugawng pa na Nam Yung ginra gaw Jinghpaw duwa ni uphkang jumtek tawn ai ginra chyinghka lailam langai rai nga ai. Jinghpaw duwa ahkaw ahkang n lu ai ni kadai ninghkring kadai hpyen hpung mung n lu lai nga ma ai. Ndai mabyin hpe Capt. ST. John. F. Michell gaw, “Nam Yung is our frontier village, and the Singphos will not allow any one to pass beyond it. Captain Jenkins was stopped at this village in 1869 and ordered to return”, ngu da nga ai. British hpyendu Capt. Jenkins hte shi hpyenhpung ni hpe ninghkap nhtang shabawn kau dat lu ai Jinghpaw duwa na daru-magam gaw kade asak hkrung nga ai, bungli galaw nga ai, ngu ai hpe maram sawn yu yang, shing-ran mu lu nga ai. Kachin ginra shara shagu ngu na sinpraw, sinna, dingdung, dingda ting hta Jinghpaw duwa ni tinang lamuga hpe makawp maga political control ngangngang nganga ai hpe, mu lu ai.
Lahta maga ngu na de gaw, “Kachin Bai Pra Mali-Nmai Ginra” rai nga ai. Kachin Uma Ga rai nga ai. Ndai Mali-Nmai ginra gaw Kachin ni Tibet Sinpraw lamuga jarit (the borderland of eastern Tibet) hte Szechuan sinna lamuga jarit (the western Szechuan) hkan kaw nna dumbri-dumbra, ashawng-ahpang, ayai-aya, gashun-gashe, gayau-gaya ginru ginsa yu hkrat wa nhtawm, bai wa hkrumzup hkat nna prat shanat bai de nga ai Uma Ga shara rai nga ai. Mali-Nmai ginra gaw kade-nde na hpyen tsan ai shara, laksan shara zawn nga ai shara langai mi, rai nga ai. Myen hkawhkam Bagyidaw hte Shwebo Min (Tayawady Min) ten ladaw ni hta British Ava Nepyidaw kaw sa nga ai Lt. Colonel Henery Burney gaw Mr. H. Macnaghten (Secretary to the Government of India) hpe ka shagun ai laika hpe yu yang, dai ten na Hugawng Maikwon (Mainghkwan) na Kahkyen Duwa Tsaubwa gaw Tare Phoung Noung ngu ai Jinghpaw Duwa jumtek up ai lam ka da nga u ai. Myen gaw Jinghpaw hpe “Theinbau” ngu da nga ai.
Myen hkawhkam ni Banmaw Myowun, Mogawng Myowun ngu nna Kachin ginra shara de mungmasa ruhkrawn (Burmese monarchy political power penetration) lung bang wa ai. Hugawng ga de ja ahkun hkanse (his rate of tribute was two tolas of gold per house hold) lahkawn shinggyin hta na matu lung wa ai U Sitke hpe Nding Ga ginra kaw sat hkrum mat ai. Dai hpang kaw nna Myen ni Hugawng ga ahkun hkanse n hta mat sai ginlam hpe, British prat hta Hugawng ga e tawng-uk galaw ai Kawlu Ma Nawng tsun madi da nga ai. Ava na Myen hkawhkam ni sharawt tawn da ai Mogawng Myo Wun Maung Gya Byoo hpe dai ginra kaw na mungshawa masha ni n ra ai majaw myowun Maung Gya Byoo na baw hpe tawk kahtam sat kau ai du hkra, rai sai hpe mung Li La Gogoi (M.A; Ph.D) wa tsun tawn nga ai. British ni shang wa ai ten hkan, Mogawng ninghtawn grupyin ni hta Jinghpaw dumagam kaba 3 hte Jinghpaw duwa marai 28 nga ai lam hpe W.A. Hertz tsun da nga ai. Jinghpaw nta langai mi hta nta dinghku masha 20 kaw nna 30 grup-yin nga ai lam mung madi madun da nga ai. English dushang wa ai ten hta na Mogawng Amat Chok Maung Kala mung sat kau hkrum sai. Dai hpang, Manmaw na Mogawng Myo-ok hku lung wa ai Maung Tun Gyaw mung English hpyendap ni bai n nga jang, Maung Tun Gyaw gaw Manmaw de bai nhtang yu mat wa nu ai hpe, tsun da nga ma ai. Myen hkawhkam na Manmaw myo-ok hpe mung G. W. Dowson gaw, “The Kachins controlled the trade-routes and terrorized the town, and the authority of the Burmese government was merely nominal.”, ngu da nga ai. Sam mungdaw ginra de nga yang mung, Kachin Substate madu lu ai ahkaw ahkang du hkra, rai mat wa sai hpe ahtik labau hta mu lu nga ai.
No.1 mungkan majan htum wa ai 1918 hta sha pyi, mungkan majan rawt ai Jinghpaw hpyenla marai 428 tup rai nga ai. 1935 hta she, Myen ni hpyendap de hpyenla tai shang hpang wa ai, rai nga ai. No.2 mungkan majan ngut wa de sinat laknak lang Jinghpaw hpyenla yawng 12,000+ re ai lam hpe Peer wa tsun da nga ai. No.2 mungkan majan ngut ai hpang Jinghpaw hpyenla mun mi ram hte tinang mungdaw mungdan hpe atsawm makawp maga, tinang gammaka tinang dawdan hparan lu ai ginjang rai nga ai. Ndai ram law ai hpyenla ninggun jahpan majaw Gen. Aung San gaw Jinghpaw hpe grai ahkyak kaba sawn ai. Myen lahta de nga ai laknak hpai Jinghlpaw hpe tsang ai, rai nga ai. Kachin mung Panglawng Conference hta, tinang gammaka tinang dawdan hparan la lu na matu, shanglawm myit hkrum gasadi nga hkat saga ai raitim, ndai Panglawng gasadi hta chyawm myit hkrum da ai ginlam ni gaw, “Hkarap ngut, dawhkrawng kabai” ngu ai hku tai mat hkrum ai hpe, mu lu nga ai. November 15, 1949 hta hpaw shabawn ai Pawngyawng National Defence Force (KNDO Naw Seng) hpung na Jinghpaw hpyenla marai 300+ hte Srilanka, Gandhi zuphpawng kaw nna No.2 mungkan majan ngut ai shaloi na bai hpaw masat da ya ai hku nna nga wa ai Jinghpaw hpyendap ni gaw amyu hte mungdan matu akyu n pru nga ai sha, htum mat sai hpe mu lu ai.
Tinang gam maka tinang hparan ngu ai gaw Nyawng Napin NC na pru wa na Ningpawt Ninghpang Gawda Tara hta kade mi lawm lu na kun?, ngu Nb. Kb. Maran Brang Seng n nga mat sai 13 ning ladu hkrum hta Ningbaw kaba hte hkrat-sum mat sai shareshagan ni yawng hpe myit dum hkungga dat ai hte hpawn, 1869 ning na Kachin Political Stands, Political control situation hte 2007 ning duhkra na mabyin ahtik labau lami-laman kadun hpe gan galam hpaw asoi mada yu let 13 ning ngu ai gaw jahkring-jahkra mani-mana zawn sha hpungtang ngoi kashaw kahtap nga ai.
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