Tartars gaw Kachins, Chingpaws, Jinghpaws, Singphos re.
(Anhte a labau, anhte Ginru Ginsa)
(Anhte a labau, anhte Ginru Ginsa)
Rev. Dr. Maran Ja Gun sawk sagawn ai hta Kachin ni gaw Xiongnu hte bung ai. Xiongnu gaw Tartar hte Turkey Amyu kaw na re nga sawk sa gawn lai wa sai. Harry H. Stileman wa ka ai "Dawn on the Kachin Hills" laika hta gaw Tartars gaw Kachin re. Edmund Leach wa tsun ai zawn Kachins amyu masha ni gaw Gobi zai bru jang kaw na Dingda maga de yu hkrat wa ai amyu re lam ka da u ai. Dai re ai majaw Tartars gaw Kachins, Chingpaws, Jinghpaws, Singphos re. Lawu de na Rev. Dr. Maran Ja Gun a sawk sagawn da ai hpe bai hti yu let Kachin, Jinghpaw Wunpawng sha ni a shawng daw na lam hpe bai myit yu let anhte a labau, ginru ginsa npawt nhpang hpe sawk sagawn yu ga.
Xiongnu (sh nrai) Huns (sh nrai) Tartar, Kachin
By Rev. Dr. Maran Ja Gun
Huns ngu ai masha chyazai ni hpe labau e barbarians nga shamying ma ai. Ndai Huns ni hpe Miwa hku Hsiungnu (shing nrai) Xiongnu ngu nna shamying ma ai. Ndai amyu ni hta Mongolian masha Tartar hte Turkey amyu sha ni gayau lawm nga ai. Dai sha n-ga dai htinggaw hta moi na Kachins (Proto-Kachins hte Hkang) ni mung lawm ai lam hpe mu lu ai.
Scotland mung na James Simpson ngu ai wa gaw Uganda, Tanzania, Turkey, Miwa, hte Mongolia hkan masha hpraw nsam baw pungkum hkrang hte labau ni hpe sagawn hkawm let Myitkyina e 2004, October shata praw 30 hta mu hkrum shaga ai. Shi tsun ai gaw Jinghpaw Wunpawng sha ni gaw Hsiungnu or Xiongnu amyu wuhpung lawm ai. Mezoram Hkang ni mung nanhte a hpunau ni rai nhtawm moi 200 BC daram hta Xiongnu masha ni hprawng koi yen ai shaloi Hsiang Lung ngu ai Lungpu hta nga lai wa sai lam chye lu ai. Ndai Hsiang Lung Lungpu a mying gaw moi na miwa mung a lamu ga sumla hta naw rawng nga ai.
Sarakaba Hanson gaw Burma Research Society's Journal kaw "The Origin of Kachins" ngu 1912 December shata e bang shalawm dat ai. Dai shi laika hta e " But it is certain that we must look still further north for the ancestral nidus. This no doubt must be sought among the highlands of Mongolia, and the borderland of eastern Tibet and western Szechuan. Here stood the cradle of the race".
Edmund Leach wa mung Hanson hpe bai mahta nna ka tawn ai kaw ndai Kachins amyu masha ni gaw Gobi zai bru jang e grai kyin dut hkrum let, lu sha tam ningwan hkawm nna gale pru ai ni re nga tsun ai. Ndai Gobi zai bru jang gaw grai dam lada nna mungkan a labau hta du hkra ladaw grai n pyaw dik ai hte tam lu tam sha yak dik ai, matsan dik hku nga pra ra ai shara re. Dai majaw sagu bai nam rem sha nna sha nga mai ai. Gumra jawn nna majan gasat hkawm ra ai. Shanhte hta shingra hpyen ngu ai, nbung laru, katsi dik ai shana, kahtet dik ai shani, chyakrin chyakraw yak dik ai shara re. Dai kaw nga ai Xiongnu masha ni (Huns) ni mung myit ja ai.
770 BC hta ndai masha chyazai ni gaw Chou dynasty hpe shang gasat kau ai hpe mu lu ai. Ch'u hkaw hkam prat ngu ai gaw Ndai barbarians ni lawm ai Hkaw hkam prat rai nga ai. Xiongnu ni madi shadaw ai Hkaw Hkam matu ni rai nga ai majaw shanhte a lam Miwa Hkaw Hkam ni a labau hta grai dang hkung ai hku n masat tawn ai. Raitim shanhte a prat hta Yellow river ni hka lam mayan sharut gyi ai, Hka kaba ai, dai majaw masha ni hprawng yan htawt sit mat wa ai lam kaba byin wa ai. Gum lau rawt ai, majan kaba, ndai ni a majaw miwa mung Ch'u hkaw hkam prat hta Yunnan de htawt sit sa hkrat wa ai lam rawng hpe mu lu ai. 286 BC hta Yunnan de Zhaung Qioa ngu ai wa ningbaw nna Ch'u hpe gumlau rawt nna du shan wa ai hte D'ian Mungdaw wa gaw gap ai lam rawng nga ai. Dai hta e dai ni na Miwa mung na amyu kaji ni lawm nga ai.
Ndai Xiongnu masha ni gaw hkai lu hkai sha ai ni hpe mayam hku yu kaji ai. Gumra jawn let ntawng nhtu, n krang kungli ngu ai ndan galoi mung lang ma ai. Sinna na sawk sagawn ai ni tsun yang 1000BC hta ndai amyu ni gaw gumra jawn let ndan gap yang 900 feet tsan ai shara kaw na lama ma hpe n shut nshai aloi sha lu gap hkra ai atsam rawng ai lam tsun dan ai. (Barbarian: Influence of Nomads on Civilization -Gregory G. Guzman Encarta Historical Essay, Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004.)
Ndai ni hta wuhpung langai hte langai myit hkrum nhtawm nga lai wa sai majaw Miwa ni a matu hkrit tsang ra dik ai amyu tai wa sai. Dai majaw 220 BC hta Qin Shi Huadi wa gaw Hsiung Nu masha ni a hpyen na makawp maga ra ai majaw Bunghku galu galaw hpang wa masai. Hpa majaw nga yang Ch'in Empire ngu ai "Yellow river" Hka mut hka a hka nam mayan a shim lam hpe hkra shangun wa ai majaw rai nga ai. ( Yongyap & Arthur Cotterell, 1975 "The Early Civilization of China" laika man74)
Miwa mung a Great wall gaw 3000 kilometres galu ai rai nga ai. Ndai aten e gumlau rawt ai ni nga ma ai. Qin Shih Huanti gaw ndai hpe manghkang yan na matu 221 BC hta mungdaw 6 hpe gasat gahkyin kau nna hpyen la 3000,000 (sen masum) shagreng nhtawm Xiongnu Empire hte shi a myit rum mungdan Dong Hu hte gasat lai wa sai.
By Rev. Dr. Maran Ja Gun
Huns ngu ai masha chyazai ni hpe labau e barbarians nga shamying ma ai. Ndai Huns ni hpe Miwa hku Hsiungnu (shing nrai) Xiongnu ngu nna shamying ma ai. Ndai amyu ni hta Mongolian masha Tartar hte Turkey amyu sha ni gayau lawm nga ai. Dai sha n-ga dai htinggaw hta moi na Kachins (Proto-Kachins hte Hkang) ni mung lawm ai lam hpe mu lu ai.
Scotland mung na James Simpson ngu ai wa gaw Uganda, Tanzania, Turkey, Miwa, hte Mongolia hkan masha hpraw nsam baw pungkum hkrang hte labau ni hpe sagawn hkawm let Myitkyina e 2004, October shata praw 30 hta mu hkrum shaga ai. Shi tsun ai gaw Jinghpaw Wunpawng sha ni gaw Hsiungnu or Xiongnu amyu wuhpung lawm ai. Mezoram Hkang ni mung nanhte a hpunau ni rai nhtawm moi 200 BC daram hta Xiongnu masha ni hprawng koi yen ai shaloi Hsiang Lung ngu ai Lungpu hta nga lai wa sai lam chye lu ai. Ndai Hsiang Lung Lungpu a mying gaw moi na miwa mung a lamu ga sumla hta naw rawng nga ai.
Sarakaba Hanson gaw Burma Research Society's Journal kaw "The Origin of Kachins" ngu 1912 December shata e bang shalawm dat ai. Dai shi laika hta e " But it is certain that we must look still further north for the ancestral nidus. This no doubt must be sought among the highlands of Mongolia, and the borderland of eastern Tibet and western Szechuan. Here stood the cradle of the race".
Edmund Leach wa mung Hanson hpe bai mahta nna ka tawn ai kaw ndai Kachins amyu masha ni gaw Gobi zai bru jang e grai kyin dut hkrum let, lu sha tam ningwan hkawm nna gale pru ai ni re nga tsun ai. Ndai Gobi zai bru jang gaw grai dam lada nna mungkan a labau hta du hkra ladaw grai n pyaw dik ai hte tam lu tam sha yak dik ai, matsan dik hku nga pra ra ai shara re. Dai majaw sagu bai nam rem sha nna sha nga mai ai. Gumra jawn nna majan gasat hkawm ra ai. Shanhte hta shingra hpyen ngu ai, nbung laru, katsi dik ai shana, kahtet dik ai shani, chyakrin chyakraw yak dik ai shara re. Dai kaw nga ai Xiongnu masha ni (Huns) ni mung myit ja ai.
770 BC hta ndai masha chyazai ni gaw Chou dynasty hpe shang gasat kau ai hpe mu lu ai. Ch'u hkaw hkam prat ngu ai gaw Ndai barbarians ni lawm ai Hkaw hkam prat rai nga ai. Xiongnu ni madi shadaw ai Hkaw Hkam matu ni rai nga ai majaw shanhte a lam Miwa Hkaw Hkam ni a labau hta grai dang hkung ai hku n masat tawn ai. Raitim shanhte a prat hta Yellow river ni hka lam mayan sharut gyi ai, Hka kaba ai, dai majaw masha ni hprawng yan htawt sit mat wa ai lam kaba byin wa ai. Gum lau rawt ai, majan kaba, ndai ni a majaw miwa mung Ch'u hkaw hkam prat hta Yunnan de htawt sit sa hkrat wa ai lam rawng hpe mu lu ai. 286 BC hta Yunnan de Zhaung Qioa ngu ai wa ningbaw nna Ch'u hpe gumlau rawt nna du shan wa ai hte D'ian Mungdaw wa gaw gap ai lam rawng nga ai. Dai hta e dai ni na Miwa mung na amyu kaji ni lawm nga ai.
Ndai Xiongnu masha ni gaw hkai lu hkai sha ai ni hpe mayam hku yu kaji ai. Gumra jawn let ntawng nhtu, n krang kungli ngu ai ndan galoi mung lang ma ai. Sinna na sawk sagawn ai ni tsun yang 1000BC hta ndai amyu ni gaw gumra jawn let ndan gap yang 900 feet tsan ai shara kaw na lama ma hpe n shut nshai aloi sha lu gap hkra ai atsam rawng ai lam tsun dan ai. (Barbarian: Influence of Nomads on Civilization -Gregory G. Guzman Encarta Historical Essay, Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004.)
Ndai ni hta wuhpung langai hte langai myit hkrum nhtawm nga lai wa sai majaw Miwa ni a matu hkrit tsang ra dik ai amyu tai wa sai. Dai majaw 220 BC hta Qin Shi Huadi wa gaw Hsiung Nu masha ni a hpyen na makawp maga ra ai majaw Bunghku galu galaw hpang wa masai. Hpa majaw nga yang Ch'in Empire ngu ai "Yellow river" Hka mut hka a hka nam mayan a shim lam hpe hkra shangun wa ai majaw rai nga ai. ( Yongyap & Arthur Cotterell, 1975 "The Early Civilization of China" laika man74)
Miwa mung a Great wall gaw 3000 kilometres galu ai rai nga ai. Ndai aten e gumlau rawt ai ni nga ma ai. Qin Shih Huanti gaw ndai hpe manghkang yan na matu 221 BC hta mungdaw 6 hpe gasat gahkyin kau nna hpyen la 3000,000 (sen masum) shagreng nhtawm Xiongnu Empire hte shi a myit rum mungdan Dong Hu hte gasat lai wa sai.
Xiongnu masha ni hte Wunpawng ni bung ai lam.
-Ndai amyu ni hta Du gyi salang hku nna masha wu hpung hpe up ai.
-Kahpu a gaida hta ai.
-La ni madaw num hpyi wawn ai. Kawa a nta e num hkungran ai.
-Gumra jawn nna majan gasat ram ai.
-Ndai amyu ni hta Du gyi salang hku nna masha wu hpung hpe up ai.
-Kahpu a gaida hta ai.
-La ni madaw num hpyi wawn ai. Kawa a nta e num hkungran ai.
-Gumra jawn nna majan gasat ram ai.
Tibeto-Burman ni shaga ai ga hta "Gumra" ngu ai gaw Kachin ni tsun shamying ai rai nna ga dingsa majing re ai lam. (Sino-Tibetan: A conspectus. by Paul K. Benedict 1972). Myen mung na Historical Commission ni ka tawn ai. ( Bohmu Bashin, Anawrahta Mataing hmi Myanmar Naingan). Miwa ni a nta wang galaw tawn ai gaw moi na masha chyazai ni hte damya ni hpe makawp maga ra ai majaw dai hku dum nta gap rawng ai lam hpe mu lu ai. Moi jiwa ni mung shang dau dau ai, jun damya mya ai gaw laning mi kalang lahkawng lang galaw ra ai hpe mau mwi hkan dan lai wa sai.
200 BC hta Miwa Hkaw hkam ni ho'ch'in policy ngu ai galaw ma ai. Dai gaw Hkawhkam Han Kao-Tsu gaw Hsiungnu masha ni a lata de shang mat wa ai majaw shaning shagu kumhpa sak jaw (annual gift) sak jaw ai. Hsiungnu Hkawhkam Han miwa shayi tsawm sak jaw ai lam hpe hti lu ai. Dai gaw Han Wu-Ti a prat 141 BC du hkra rai nga ai.
Han- Wu-Ti gaw ndai Hsiungnu masha ni hpe dang kau lu na matu Kasa hkringmang langai mi Changchien hpe central Asia de na masha chyazai hpung mi hte roigau hpyen saw na dat dat ai. Miwa Hkaw Hkam a 'i-i-fa-i' (barbarians to barbarians ) ngu chyazai hpe chyazai hte gasat shangun ai lai lang ma ai. Dai Chanchien hpe Hsiungnu ni 10 ning daram rim kau ai. Dai hpang shi hpe dat dat ai shaloi sinna central Asia Turkey hku Rome du hkra hpaga yum ga mai ai lam shana ai kaw nna hpand daw de North west Silk Road ngu ai lam kaba hpaw nna Roma mare de miwa dut rai ni lairi sumpan ni, lungseng ni dut ai lam rawng nga ai.
AD 9-23 ning hta Han Wu-Ti gaw Hsiungnu ni hpe gasat na matu miwa mung na sut gan law law jasum kau ai majaw mungdan gaw matsan mat wa ai hpe mu lu ai. AD 25-220 Han hkawhkam prat hta Hkawhkam Wang Mang gaw hpyen la 300,000 (sen masum) lahkawn na Hsiungnu ni hpe gasat ai shaloi miwa mung ting na hpri hte jum hpe nationalization galaw nna n-gun kaba dat ai hpe chyelu ai. Jahtum e Hsiungnu ni hpe daw lahkawng garan kau dat lu ma ai. Central Asia na masha zai ai ni hpe ga saw gasat sai. Hsiungnu ni jawn ai gumra gaw Mongolian Pony sha rai nhtawm Central Asia ni na kaga Barbarian ni jawn ai Gumra gaw loi grau galu kaba ai. Northen Hsiungnu hte Southern Hsiungnu ngu garan mat ai. Dingda Hsiungnu ni gaw Han miwa ni hte pawng mat ai. Han miwa ni a galaw lu galaw sha ai lai hkailu hkai sha ai de shang wa ai. Sagu bai nam rem nna Han ni a sun ni jahten ga law ai lam nau n nga mat wa sai. Han miwa ni a num ni hte dinghku de mat wa ai. mare bu ga mung gayau gaya rai nna nga mat wa ai hpe mu lu ai
Dai majaw:
200 BC hta Miwa Hkaw hkam ni ho'ch'in policy ngu ai galaw ma ai. Dai gaw Hkawhkam Han Kao-Tsu gaw Hsiungnu masha ni a lata de shang mat wa ai majaw shaning shagu kumhpa sak jaw (annual gift) sak jaw ai. Hsiungnu Hkawhkam Han miwa shayi tsawm sak jaw ai lam hpe hti lu ai. Dai gaw Han Wu-Ti a prat 141 BC du hkra rai nga ai.
Han- Wu-Ti gaw ndai Hsiungnu masha ni hpe dang kau lu na matu Kasa hkringmang langai mi Changchien hpe central Asia de na masha chyazai hpung mi hte roigau hpyen saw na dat dat ai. Miwa Hkaw Hkam a 'i-i-fa-i' (barbarians to barbarians ) ngu chyazai hpe chyazai hte gasat shangun ai lai lang ma ai. Dai Chanchien hpe Hsiungnu ni 10 ning daram rim kau ai. Dai hpang shi hpe dat dat ai shaloi sinna central Asia Turkey hku Rome du hkra hpaga yum ga mai ai lam shana ai kaw nna hpand daw de North west Silk Road ngu ai lam kaba hpaw nna Roma mare de miwa dut rai ni lairi sumpan ni, lungseng ni dut ai lam rawng nga ai.
AD 9-23 ning hta Han Wu-Ti gaw Hsiungnu ni hpe gasat na matu miwa mung na sut gan law law jasum kau ai majaw mungdan gaw matsan mat wa ai hpe mu lu ai. AD 25-220 Han hkawhkam prat hta Hkawhkam Wang Mang gaw hpyen la 300,000 (sen masum) lahkawn na Hsiungnu ni hpe gasat ai shaloi miwa mung ting na hpri hte jum hpe nationalization galaw nna n-gun kaba dat ai hpe chyelu ai. Jahtum e Hsiungnu ni hpe daw lahkawng garan kau dat lu ma ai. Central Asia na masha zai ai ni hpe ga saw gasat sai. Hsiungnu ni jawn ai gumra gaw Mongolian Pony sha rai nhtawm Central Asia ni na kaga Barbarian ni jawn ai Gumra gaw loi grau galu kaba ai. Northen Hsiungnu hte Southern Hsiungnu ngu garan mat ai. Dingda Hsiungnu ni gaw Han miwa ni hte pawng mat ai. Han miwa ni a galaw lu galaw sha ai lai hkailu hkai sha ai de shang wa ai. Sagu bai nam rem nna Han ni a sun ni jahten ga law ai lam nau n nga mat wa sai. Han miwa ni a num ni hte dinghku de mat wa ai. mare bu ga mung gayau gaya rai nna nga mat wa ai hpe mu lu ai
Dai majaw:
1. Hsiungnu ni Han miwa hpe majan dang ai aten.wa hpe majan dang ai. Nkau mi Uropa de yawng ai. (1000-700 BC).
2. Hka kaba nna sharut gyi kaput ai majaw nkau mi yu hkrat magang ai.. (600 BC)
3. Han miwa ni hte Hsiungnu ni majan byin nna, bunghku galaw ai (great wall) kaw nna hprawng hkrat wa ai. Hsiungnu ni tribal confederacy galaw ai. 220 BC
4. Han miwa ni n-gun ja wa nna Hsiungnu ni n-gun kya mat wa ai.(206 BC-AD 220)
5. Lairi lam (South West Silk road) hpe Sichuan - Boashan-Myitkyina- India lam AD 69 hta Eastern Han dynasty e galaw ai hpaga lam kaba gaw labau hta ahkyak ai kaw rawng nga ai. Ndai lam hkan nna anhte Wunpawng sha ni nkau mi Jinghpaw mungde du wa ai hpe mu lu ai. Sichuan Brocade, Miwa ni galaw ai, Maichyu daw hkrawng, Hpun hte galaw ai dawhkrawng ni, hte lairi hpaga ni nga lai wa sai. Wunpawng sha ni hte lairi mung grai ni nga ai. Bum ga na nu num ni lai chye yaw ma ai. Hka yawng ningchyin hta mung lairi hpaga ga ai lam ni rawng nga ai. Ndan galaw ai ni laihpun kaw na hpung greng ai la nna galaw ma ai. Dai gaw Hsiungnu prat e rai nga ai. Dai ni Nung Rawang Lisu ni law malawng Ndan naw lang nga ma ai.
Hsiungnu masha ni hta e Mongolian masha ni mung lawm ma ai. Shanhte a num wawn num la, ja hpaga lam ni anhte hte ram ram bung nga ai. Dinghku kata e kaji dik ai wa hpe hkring htawng bai dagraw shangun ai lam ni mung anhte hte bung nga ai.
2. Hka kaba nna sharut gyi kaput ai majaw nkau mi yu hkrat magang ai.. (600 BC)
3. Han miwa ni hte Hsiungnu ni majan byin nna, bunghku galaw ai (great wall) kaw nna hprawng hkrat wa ai. Hsiungnu ni tribal confederacy galaw ai. 220 BC
4. Han miwa ni n-gun ja wa nna Hsiungnu ni n-gun kya mat wa ai.(206 BC-AD 220)
5. Lairi lam (South West Silk road) hpe Sichuan - Boashan-Myitkyina- India lam AD 69 hta Eastern Han dynasty e galaw ai hpaga lam kaba gaw labau hta ahkyak ai kaw rawng nga ai. Ndai lam hkan nna anhte Wunpawng sha ni nkau mi Jinghpaw mungde du wa ai hpe mu lu ai. Sichuan Brocade, Miwa ni galaw ai, Maichyu daw hkrawng, Hpun hte galaw ai dawhkrawng ni, hte lairi hpaga ni nga lai wa sai. Wunpawng sha ni hte lairi mung grai ni nga ai. Bum ga na nu num ni lai chye yaw ma ai. Hka yawng ningchyin hta mung lairi hpaga ga ai lam ni rawng nga ai. Ndan galaw ai ni laihpun kaw na hpung greng ai la nna galaw ma ai. Dai gaw Hsiungnu prat e rai nga ai. Dai ni Nung Rawang Lisu ni law malawng Ndan naw lang nga ma ai.
Hsiungnu masha ni hta e Mongolian masha ni mung lawm ma ai. Shanhte a num wawn num la, ja hpaga lam ni anhte hte ram ram bung nga ai. Dinghku kata e kaji dik ai wa hpe hkring htawng bai dagraw shangun ai lam ni mung anhte hte bung nga ai.
Madi shadaw ai laika ni.
1.Benedict, Paul. K. 1972. "Sino-Tibetan: A conspectus. Cambridge.
2. Hanson, Ola 1912. The origin of Kachins" Burma Reseach Journal, Rgn.
3. Yongyap & Arthur Cotterell, 1975 "The Early Civilization of China" Britain.
4. A Tour to Mysterious Land of Yunnan. Yunnan Tourism company, China
5. Interviewing with Simpson Jame
6. Information from Yunnan Jinghpo literature Committee.
7. HARRY H. STILEMAN wa ka ai "Dawn on the Kachin Hills"
2. Hanson, Ola 1912. The origin of Kachins" Burma Reseach Journal, Rgn.
3. Yongyap & Arthur Cotterell, 1975 "The Early Civilization of China" Britain.
4. A Tour to Mysterious Land of Yunnan. Yunnan Tourism company, China
5. Interviewing with Simpson Jame
6. Information from Yunnan Jinghpo literature Committee.
7. HARRY H. STILEMAN wa ka ai "Dawn on the Kachin Hills"
kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn eng_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn eng_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn eng_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn eng_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn kac_Latn knc_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn bam_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn eng_Latn bam_Latn