* tacerqit
Deg wussan n 19 ed 20 Nwembeṛ, imḍebbren n 28 n tmura seg Temrikt n Ugafa (nord) akked Tuṛuft, akk d timura tutrimin (tiɣerbiyin) ijehden akked tmura yellan ddaw tecḍaḍt-nsent, mlalent deg tmaneɣt n Portugal i lmend n tqacuct n useggas n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique).
Naqal, taqacuct n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) tettili-d seg-a ɣer da kan, maca tagara-a, teqqel tettili-d yal aseggas. Tin n 2008 tella-d deg Ṛumanya, deg wakud aydeg tin n useggas yezrin tella-d deg Lalman, deg 2009.
Taqacuct n useggas yezrin tella-d deg snat n temdinin, Strasbourg [deg Fṛansa] akked Kehl [deg Lalman]. Deg 2002, taqacuct n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) tella-d deg Tegduda Tatcikit. Tin n 2004 tella-d deg Ṭṭerk. Ma d tin n 2006, deg Liṭṭunya. Ula d yiwet seg tmura-a tineggura ay d-nebder ur teqrib ɣer Ugaraw Aṭlasi. Ula d 12-nni n tmura ay yernan kecment-d d timaynutin ɣer Temsisit Taṭlasit deg 11 n yiseggasen-a ineggura ur qribent ɣer Ugaraw Aṭlasi, maca, akken yebɣu yili, kecment ɣer terbaɛt-a.
Taqacuct n useggas-a d tin aydeg ara msefhament tmura n Temsisit Taṭlasit ɣef tikli taserdasit ara d-awyent deg lqern wis 21. Tikli-a theyya-tt-id tin umi semman “tarbaɛt n yimazzayen [experts]” ddaw ṛṛay n Tneɣlaft tamarikanit taqburt n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa, Madeleine Albright, yerna teffeɣ-d deg yiwen n uṛabul umi semman “NATO 2020: Assured Security; Dynamic Engagement” (Tamsisit Taṭlasit deg 2020: Laman yettwaḍemnen; Attekki ijehden deg wenrar”).
Ɣas ma yella Tamsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) tsemma i yiman-nnes “tadukli taserdasit n tmura timegdayin [démocratiques] n Tuṛuft akked Temrikt n Ugafa”, yerna tettini-d akk timura yettekkan deg-s ɛedlent deg yizerfan-nsent deg terbaɛt-a, maca ur cikkeɣ timura timecṭuḥin am Luxembourg akked Island zemrent ad ḥebsent ṛṛay Marikan ma yella tebɣa ad tesɛeddi ṛṛay-nnes. Deg tidet, ala d Iwunak Yeddukklen ay d tamurt ijehden tawḥidt ay yesɛeddayen ṛṛay-nnes deg Temsisit Taṭlasit. Aselway-nnes [Obama] yenna-d s zzux, deg Dujembeṛ n 2009, Iwunak Yeddukklen d nitni ay d tamurt ijehden akk deg umaḍal, yerna timlilit-a n Nwembeṛ ad tili d tin aydeg Imarikaniyen ad d-sseknen aya s lejheṛ.
Akk ayen ara d-ssutren Yimarikaniyen ad yettwaqbel yerna ad asen-d-yettunefk:
Imarikaniyen ssefran ad ssersen timeẓdiyin n “Missile-3” deg Yilel Abalti akked Yilel Aberkan, yerna aya ad yettwaqbel.
Tagertilt n tmura n Temsisit Taṭlasit
Imarikaniyen bdan-d ahil (programme) i lmend n ussersi n tmeẓdiyin-nsen tibalistiyin [missiles balistiques] deg 2005, yerna bdan-d ahil niḍen n wemɛiwen akked Walmaniyen ed Yiṭalyaniyen i lmend n temḥaddit n yigenni n wakk timiwa n Tuṛuft akked kra n tmiwa n Wegmuḍ (Ccerq) Alemmas, d win umi semman “aɣer (bouclier) n uḥuddu seg tmeẓdiyin”, yerna timura yellan ddaw tecḍaḍt-nsen ad qeblent aya.
Imarikaniyen jjan, ma ulac, 200 n tleffuɣin taɣsiyin (bombes atomiques) deg yisaduren (bases) n yisafagen n Biljik, Lalman, Ṭṭalyan, Timura n Wadda akked Ṭṭerk, yerna timura n Temsisit Taṭlasit qeblent aya.
Imarikaniyen bɣan ad d-snulfun anagraw (système) n uḥuddu n yiselkimen (ordinateurs) iserdasiyen n Tuṛuft s lebni n yiwet n “tqubbet” n laman. Wa d ccɣel ayyes ara d-yelhu Wenzaḍ Asnanir (Commandement Cybernétique) n Temḥaddit Tamarikanit, yerna timura yellan ddaw tecḍaḍt n Marikan ad qeblent aya. [1]
Seg wasmi ay yettustenya Wemtawa n Lisbon deg 1 Dujembeṛ 2009, Tamsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) tesseɛjel tikli deg wayen yerzan aɛiwen aserdasi n tmura n Tdukli Tuṛufit akken ad afent iman-nsent deg terbaɛt-a. Yiwen n uneṣṣaḥ aportugali n Jose Manuel Barroso (Aselway n Tseqqamut Tuṛufit) yuweḍ arma ay d d-yenna, seg melmi kan: “abrid igerrzen akk i lmend n ussejhed assaɣen (relations) gar Yiwunak Yeddukklen akked Tdukli Tuṛufit netta d anekcum n wakk timura n Tdukli Tuṛufit ɣer Temsisit Taṭlasit” [2]
Yuɣ lḥal, Tamsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) tetteddu snat n tikliwin, yal yiwet d anemgal (contraire) n tayeḍ. Seg tama, ttinin ccɣel n Temsisit Taṭlasit netta d aḥuddu n wakk timura yettekkan deg-s. Seg tama niḍen, Tamsisit Taṭlasit tettemmeɣɣef tmura yellan beṛṛa i tmura-nni ay yettekkan deg-s deg Tuṛuft akked Ugaraw Aṭlasi, imi ay tettekka deg wemgaru (ṭṭrad) n Afɣanistan. Yuɣ lḥal, amgaru-a d imenɣi amezwaru aydeg ara teɛṛeḍ Temsisit Taṭlasit ad tennaɣ deg tmurt ibeɛden, maca imenɣi-a yettban-d amzun yenjeṛ-d abrid i tikli ara tkemmel Temsisit Taṭlasit i seg-a ɣer sdat.
Taqacuct n Lisbon d tin aydeg ara yettwaqbel yerna ad yettussejhed wayen ayɣef d-llant lemcawṛat gar tmura n Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) seg wasmi ay yekka wemgaru-nni (ṭṭrad) n 1999 [deg Kosovo]: timura n Temsisit ad msefhament amek ara qqlent, seg-a d asawen, ad ggarent iman-nsent s yiserdasen-nsent, yerna ad ttaṭṭafent timura ddaw tecḍaḍt n Yimarikaniyen. S waya, teqqel Temsisit Taṭlasit, ass-a, d tarbaɛt ay la yeggaren iman-nnes s ljehd deg tmura ay tt-yexḍan ama deg wenẓul (sud) n Tuṛuft, ama deg wegmuḍ-nnes (ccerq). Yuɣ lḥal, timura n Tuṛuft Tagmuḍant (tacerqit) ttwajemɛent-d qrib akk ddaw tecḍaḍt n Temsisit Taṭlasit, yerna, ass-a, qeblent ad rsent ɣer-sent tmeẓdiyin (missiles) timarikaniyin, am wakken ay qeblent ad kecment ddaw tecḍaḍt n yinagrawen (systèmes) imarikaniyen n uḥuddu n yiselkimen.
Imḍebbren iserdasiyen n Washington akked Temsisit Taṭlasit, deg Bruxelles, ttinin-d nneyya-nsen nettat d aḥuddu n wakk Tuṛuft. Maca seg wacu ara tt-iḥudden ? Seg yeɛdawen ur nelli ? Lḥaṣul neẓra Rusya ur telli d taɛdawt n Tuṛuft, yerna Iṛan, Surya akked Kurya n Ugafa ur zmirent ad ilint d tiɛdawin-nnes. Tamsisit Taṭlasit tebɣa ad tḥudd Tuṛuft i wakken kan ad sɛun Yimarikaniyen ttesriḥ ad aznen iserdasen akked ttawilat-nsen iserdasiyen ɣer tlisa gar Tuṛuft ed Rusya, i wakken ad zerɛen iɣallen-nsen ɣef tlisa-a seg Yilel Abalti arma d Ilel Aberkan, yerna akken ad d-skecmen iserdasen ilemẓiyen n tmura-a akken ad ddun ad nnaɣen deg yemgura (ṭṭradat) yexḍan timura-nsen. D wi ay d ccuruḍ yettwacerḍen ɣef tmura ay yettekkan deg Temsisit Taṭlasit.
Ṛṛadyu n « Voice of Russia » tenna-d deg wass n 27 Tubeṛ [2010]: “Rusya la tḥeṛṛes Tamsisit Taṭlasit [Alliance Atlantique] akken ur tesrusuy aṭas n yiserdasen deg tmura n Tuṛuft Tagmuḍant (tacerqit) ay ikecmen d timaynutin ɣer Temsisit [tid iqerben ɣer Rusya]». Ṛṛadyu-a terna-d deg Dujembeṛ [n 2010], aneɣlaf arusi n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa, Sergei Lavrov, yessumer (proposer) ɣef Umaru Amatu n Temsisit Taṭlasit, Ajiniṛal Anders Fogh Rasmussen, akken ad testenyi Rusya akked Temsisit Taṭlasit yiwen n leɛqed aydeg ara msefhament ɣef « wemḍan afellay [nombre maximal] n yiserdasen akked yemrigen [leslaḥat] ara tessers Temsisit Taṭlasit » deg tmura ay d-iqerben Rusya, ay yellan zik deg Werkawal n Waṛsu [Pacte de Varsovie] neɣ deg Tdukli Tasuvyatit.
Mi iga aya, Lavrov yeqqel am uselway-nni n Afɣanistan, Hamid Karzai, ay yettrun i Yimarikaniyen mi ara ḍeggren tileffuɣin (lbumbat) ɣef warraw n tmurt-nnes, neɣ a yemḍebbren ipakistaniyen ay yettneẓman ɣer Yimarikaniyen mi ara asen-wten arraw n tmurt-nsen s yedṛunen (drones) deg tmiwa n tewsatin (régions tribales). Ayen ay yessuter Lavrov seg Temsisit Taṭlasit yessefk ad yili, maca netta s timmad-nnes yeẓra Tamsisit ur tqebbel ad teg aya.
Sergei Lavrov, aneɣlaf arusi n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa
Imarikaniyen kecmen ɣer yisaduren (bases) iserdasiyen n Pulunya, Litwanya, Majaṛ, Bulgaṛya, Ṛumanya akked Kosovo, yerna kecmen ɣer-sent akken ad qqimen din i lebda. Nnig waya, timura-a akk (menɣir Kosovo yellan d tamurt ay d-snulfan Yimarikaniyen, temmut seg wasmi ay d-tlul, yerna ɣas kkan 32 n wayyuren seg wasmi ay d-tennulfa, werɛad tekcim ɣer Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen [ONU]) uznent iserdasen-nsent akken ad nnaɣen ed ad mmten ɣer yidis n yiserdasen imarikaniyen deg Afɣanistan.
Deg Tuṛuft n lqern wis 21, iɣallen imsellḥen ur llin i wakken ad ḥudden akal n tmura-nsen, wanag llan i wakken ad ten-tawey Temsisit Taṭlasit (Alliance Atlantique) akked Tdukli Tuṛufit, ad nnaɣen imgura (ṭṭradat) deg tmura ay ten-ibeɛden. Isaduren (bases) iserdasiyen n tmura-a ttusseqdacen akken ad jemɛen deg-sent iserdasen akked yisafagen ibeṛṛaniyen (ladɣa wid n Yiwunak Yeddukklen).
Isafagen n yimenɣi imarikaniyen n F-15 Eagle la ttezzin, ussan-a, deg yigenwan n tmura n Yilel Abalti, sdat tlisa n Rusya, yerna ad qqiment deg usadur agnawi [base aérienne] n Siauliai, deg Litwanya, arma d tagara n useggas-a.
Aseggas-a daɣen, Imarikaniyen ssersen tabatrit tamezwarut n tmeẓdiyin (missiles) ay izemren ad d-sseɣlint timeẓdiyin tibalistiyin [missiles balistiques]. Ti d timeẓdiyin n Patriot, yerna tabatrit-nsent teḥwaj azal n 100 n yiserdasen akken ad tt-sseddun. Imarikaniyen ssersen tabatrit-a deg ugafa-agmuḍan (nord-est) n Pulunya, qrib ɣer tlisa gar tmurt-a ed Rusya.
Aseggas yezrin, Washington tebda-d tamhelt (opération) aydeg ara teg tiqenṭert n yigenni (pont aérien) i ussiweḍ n yiserdasen ed ttawil n yimenɣi deg usadur agnawi [base aérienne] n Papa, deg tmurt n Majaṛ. D ta ay d tamhelt n tqenṭert n yigenni tamezwarut deg umaḍal aydeg ara ttekkint aṭas n tmura.
Tarbaɛt Taserdasit n yigen (armée) amarikani ay yettɛassan Tuṛuft Tagmuḍant (tacerqit) tqeddec deg unafag (aéroport) aserdasi n Mihail Kogalniceanu akked Tama n Wesleɣmu (zone d’entraînement) n Babadag Training, am wakken ay tqeddec daɣen deg Tama n Wesleɣmu n Novo Selo deg Bulgaṛya.
Iserdasen imarikaniyen mazal ṭṭfen Agrir (Camp) n Bondsteel yesɛan qrib 1000 n wakriyen (acres) deg Kosovo.
Imarikaniyen, ass-a, ur yelli wacu ay ten-yeṭṭfen akken ad awyen tileffuɣin-nsen taɣsiyin (bombes nucléaires) seg yisaduren-nsen (bases) n Temsisit Taṭlasit yellan deg utaram (lɣerb) n Tuṛuft ɣer yisaduren yellan deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n Tuṛuft am usadur n Siauliai deg Litwanya, asadur n Amari deg Isṭunya, asadur n Swidwin deg Pulunya, asadur n Mihail Kogalniceanu deg Ṛumanya akked yisaduren n Graf Ignatievo ed Bezmer deg Bulgaṛya, yerna yezmer lḥal ad ilin gan-tt yagi. Lḥaṣul, ɣas ma yella-d waya, yiwen ur d-yessawal fell-as yerna yezmer ad yeqqim waya d uffir ugar n temsalt-nni n « yimukan iberkanen » ay tesɛa CIA deg Litwanya, Pulunya, Ṛumanya ed yimukan niḍen, ahat, deg tmura timaynutin n Temsisit Taṭlasit.
Iɣallen imarikaniyen deg Bulgaṛya ed Ṛumanya
Ur yelli wass ara yekken war ma nesla isafagen ed yiɣerruba iserdasiyen imarikaniyen rzan ɣef kra n usagen [lmerṣa] n Tuṛuft Tagmuḍant (tacerqit), war ma nesla iɣallen imarikaniyen sleɣmuyen (entraîner) ula s rrṣaṣ n tidet deg tma-a. [3]
Deg wayyur yezrin, Imarikaniyen ttekkan deg ulaɣmu (exercice) n “Tefsirin n Ugafa [Côtes Nord]” deg Yilel Abalti. Rnan daɣen ttekkan deg ulaɣmu n “Jackal Stone 10” deg Litwanya ed Pulunya, anda ay sqedcen aɣerrabu-nsen USS Mount Whitney yellan d aḥric seg Tanawt (Flotte) tamarikanit tis 6 ay yettilin deg Yilel Agrakal.
Deg wayyur-a n Nwembeṛ, Iɣallen Usligen (Forces Spéciales) imarikaniyen ttekkan akked yiɣallen itcikiyen, ilitwaniyen akked yipuluniyen deg yesluɣma (entraînements) deg Hohenfels, deg Lalman. Iluɣma-a d wid ayyes bɣan ad d-heyyin iɣallen-a akken “ad nnaɣen war uguren” deg Afɣanistan.
“Deg ulaɣmu-a [exercice], imḍebbren n Yiɣallen Usligen [Forces Spéciales] imarikaniyen qedcen akked yiɣallen n menwala akken ad ɛiwnen iserdasen deg tegnit aydeg yessefk ad rren tiyita s tɣawla”. [4]
Deg wass n 11 Tubeṛ, Agenses-ajiniṛal (lieutenant-général) apuluni Mieczyslaw Bieniek (ay yeqqlen d Amɛiwen n Umenzaḍ [commandant] Aɛlayan n Temsisit Taṭlasit deg Norfolk, Virginia, Marikan), yerza ɣef Wammas n Wesleɣmu (Centre d’entraînement) n Yiɣallen Yeddukklen n Temsisit Taṭlasit deg Bydgoszcz, deg Pulunya, akken ad yemlil ed yijiniṛalen afɣaniyen akken ad yemciweṛ yid-sen ɣef “tegnit deg Afɣanistan, amɛiwen gar Temsisit Taṭlasit akked Afɣanistan akked wuguren ay ten-yettṛajun akken ad ten-frun”. [5]
Dduṛt sakkin, anabaḍ (lḥukuma) apuluni yerna yesseɣzef tallit n tɣimit n yiserdasen ipuluniyen deg Afɣanistan. Pulunya tesɛa 2600 n yiserdasen deg tmurt-a. “Naqal, ccɣel-nsen yella itteddu ad ifak deg wass n 13 Tubeṛ, maca anabaḍ yessuter seg uselway ad yesseɣzef tallit-a arma d 13 Yebrir 2011”. [6]
Mi akken yella Mieczyslaw Bieniek deg Pulunya, iɣallen ipuluniyen llan deg Marikan, sleɣmuyen (s’entraîner) deg Wammas n Tiḍaf Tiɣelnawin (Garde Nationale) n Marseilles ay d-yezgan azal n 100 n yikilumitren ɣef temdint n Chicago, ɣer tama n yiɣallen n terbaɛt n “Bilateral Imbedded Staff Team A7”, yerna deg wayyur n Yennayer, iɣallen-a ad ttwaferqen deg Afɣanistan. “Iɣallen-a [imarikaniyen ed yipuluniyen] sleɣmuyen deg Wahil n Uwanak [ddula] aydeg iɣallen ipuluniyen ad sleɣmun ama deg tmurt-nsen, ama beṛṛa i tmurt-nsen akken ad sjehden assaɣen [relations] akked yiɣallen n tmura n temsisit (alliance)”. [7]
Isafagen imarikaniyen n yimenɣi n F-15C ay yellan ttafgen deg yigenwan n Yilel Abalti ddan ɣer usadur agenwan (base aérienne) n Campia Turzii, deg Ṛumanya, deg 21 Tubeṛ, akken ad ttekkin deg Temhelt (Opération) n “Golden Lance”, “d alaɣmu (exercice) ameqran aydeg ara ttekkin 150 n yiserdasen imarikaniyen n yigenni, 10 n yisafagen n yimenɣi akked waṭas n ttawil aserdasi n uɛiwen”.
Amenzaḍ (commandant) n Ugaluf (escadron) n yisafagen n yimenɣi wis 493 d netta ay d imḍebber n yiluɣma-a (exercices), yenna-d: “S lfeṛḥ ara ad d-nawey isafagen-nneɣ n F15-C akken ad d-nessken aẓwar-nneɣ deg yigenni, ad nesleɣmu (s’entraîner) akked tmurt tameddakelt n Temsisit Taṭlasit, yerna ad nesdukkel imeẓla-nneɣ (ssrabes) ed lecɣal-nneɣ n uḥuddu n yigenni”.
Yiwen seg yeswan (buts) imeqranen n yiluɣma-a (exercices) netta d assewjed n yisafagen n yimenɣi imarikaniyen akken ad nnaɣen mgal yisafagen n yimenɣi n MiG-21 n Rusya.
Iɣallen n yigenni n Marikan akked wid n Ṛumanya „tecrek-itent, yagi, yiwen n tɣawsa”, imi iɣallen n yigenni n Ṛumanya, deg Campia Turzii, “ttekkan yagi deg ccɣel-nni n tɛessast n yigenni n Yilel Abalti, yerna tarbaɛt-nni tamarikanit tis 493 n yisafagen n yimenɣi ay d-yelhan yagi s ccɣel-nni tedda ad tɛass imukan niḍen deg umaḍal”. [8]
Deg wass n 27 Tubeṛ, tarbaɛt tamarikanit n yisafagen n yimenɣi tis 86 akked d tis 435 fukent asleɣmu-nsent (entraînement) n snat n ledwaṛ deg Bulgaṛya deg ulaɣmu umi semman “Thracian Fall 2010”. Deg ulaɣmu-a, iɣallen imarikaniyen “ssawḍen ad sleɣmun yerna ad sseddun 1000 n yimessersa [parachutistes] ibulgaṛiyen. Iserdasen-a ufgen deg yisafagen imaynuten akk ay tesɛa Tuṛuft, yerna rsen-d ɣef tmurt war uguren”.
Deg wayen yerzan iswi (but) n yiluɣma-a, yiwen n ufesyan (officier) amarikani ay iḥedṛen deg-sen yenna-d: “Nessaram [seg Yibulgaṛiyen] ad ssnen amek ay ntteg lecɣal-nneɣ, yerna ad sqedcen ayen ara d-lemden akken ad sjehden tizemmar-nsen ama deg wayen yerzan lecɣal n yimessersa (parachutistes), ama deg wayen yerzan asseqdec n yisafagen. S waya, nessaram ad ten-nessiweḍɣer weswir aydeg ara zemren nitni s timmad-nsen ad sleɣmun deg wenrar-a war aɛawen, yerna ad zemren ad ttekkin [yid-neɣ] deg tlufa ay d-itteddun”. [9]
Tilufa-a ay d-itteddun – yerna dima beddren-tent-id s uḥettet – nitenti d imgura (ṭṭradat) n uzekka, yerna amgaru ay d-yebdan deg Afɣanistan 9 n yiseggasen aya, d win ay d-yettheyyin abrid i yemgura-a.
A win yufan, aneɣlaf arusi n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa ad yerr lwelha-nnes ɣer waya.
Tinqiḍin:
1) NATO Provides Pentagon Nuclear, Missile And Cyber Shields Over Europe, Stop NATO, 22 Ctembeṛ, 2010
2) Diário de Notícias, 22 Ctembeṛ 2010
3) Baltic States: Pentagon’s Training Grounds For Afghan and Future Wars, Stop NATO, 30 Ctembeṛ 2010
U.S. Consolidates New Military Outposts In Eastern Europe, Stop NATO, 23 Ctembeṛ 2010
4) U.S. European Command, 26 Tubeṛ 2010
5) North Atlantic Treaty Organization Allied Command Transformation, 20 Tubeṛ, 2010
6) Polish Radio, 18 Tubeṛ, 2010
7) LaSalle News Tribune, 22 Tubeṛ, 2010
8) U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 26 Tubeṛ, 2010
9) U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 28 Tubeṛ, 2010
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