Yiles-nneɣ netta d lɛult tamezwarut ayes netxemmam u ayes nɛeqqel timsal, tella deg ul n wa ay yetwaqqaren fell-as « amdan ». Yilsawen ttembeddilent, tisewwaɛ, ɣer udmawen yyiḍ n tutlayt, tɣawsa ay yeteǧǧan ambuddel n wudem ayes netqabal yudan(1) .
Tamsalt temeqṛant n tmettiyyin ay yellan ur yezmir ḥed ad t-yessuref nettat d aɛerrem d udduyyet n lawṣayef n ṭṭbeɛ yettedren deg ul n tmetti (u jar n tmettiyyin) akkas. Tɣawsa yetɣiman i lhuṛat yezmer ad teǧǧ altum ad yeqqimen isuggasen. Taneḍṛuyt temeẓyant yettedren qli n yimer, am tifyar yetwanṭaqent, ad qument ad cewṛent u ad qeddent iseɣwan n tmetti i leɛmer n lebda (2) .
Labas n wa ay yeqqaren belli yedles yetrag-d si tutlayt n tsental yeffren ur yemmeḍrinen-ca. Luqqa mada ay yella anɛat n yedles yettili s wudem n cerrat, ad yili i wawal d uherrar kan s uxaleḍ n yudan. U ma yella anɛat n yedles yeggur deg imer d imukan, ur as-yezmir-ca ad isawa amma kan s uxaleḍ n yudan(3) . Yiles d talemmasit deg aqqan n tmetti ɣer beɛḍaṣ, yexḍa berk jar n yudan ay yiḥeḍṛen s-dat-neɣ, beṣṣeḥ aked jar n yyin ay yemsefṛaqen deg imer d wemkan. Aqqan n tmetti ɣer beɛḍas yetbedda ɣef cerrat yellan jar n yudan d wa ahen yetteǧǧan temselqayen mamek a temselqayent cerrat din (la rencontre sémiotique). Di ṛṛay-inu, matta ay yiweɛɛan cerret ad d-temlal gara n tict tiḍ yexḍa ma ad mlalen yudan neɣ ma ad mqabalen udem ɣer wudem. Di tidet, matta ay yettusemman temlilit n cerrat netta mamek cerrat n wawal d lḥalt n uqeṣṣeṛ ay yikerfen yict n lɛebd ɣer yict (4) .
Tella tict n tɣawsa ur temmefraqen-ca fell-as sen n imusnawen nettat timawit n yedles amaziɣ mani ay yella di tmurt-nnes, wa ay yeḍran deg umezruy yeǧǧa taɣremt tamaziɣt d taɣremt n wawal ; mamek ay yenna « Mulud ayet Mɛemmer »(5). Amxalef (di tsekla yella usekkil) yexḍa berk deg awal, beṣṣeḥ aked deg qaɛed n taɣṛemt n umalu, ay yisseḥbsen timawit, axaṭer yella kter n lfin n isuggasen seg wa igrikiyyen xelqen-d tira d lɛun n tutlayt. Isebtar d zmamat yellan aɣen teǧǧ ad d-nini belli amur ameqṛan si Tmazɣa yedder di timawit si labas xlaṣ(6). Tɣawsa-aya tetban neqqad ma nutlay ɣef matta ay yeqnen ɣer tsekliwin s isemsal-nnes ukk ; ma neẓra ɣer tasekla taɣeṛbit ay yibeṭṭan, s wudem aqdim, a xedmen imaziɣen s tmawit ɣer tlata n isemsal: inzan, tiqṣiḍin, d tmedyezt. Beṭṭu-aya d tamsuffeɣt n unadi unṣib yetwellan ɣer wussan n igrikiyyen, u yella matta ay yetɛinen nezzeh di-s netta d iswi n usexdem n yeḥricen-aya (la foctionalité)(7) .
Inzan, ma nuɛa ɣer isefra, tiqṣiḍin, ad d-naf belli drus ay yetwajemɛen ssi-sen ; aked ma ɛermen u werɛad ddren. Inzan s talɣa-nsen neɣ s tawwuri-nsen ifen s labas tugnayt n uherrar asen-tettusek seg uɣir n lantrupoloji taqdimt, ɣef sebbet-aya stahlen arzaw ay yizewren mliḥ axaṭer d nehni d tamerkubt ayes teggur lidyuliji (aked lidyuloji tameɛkust), u nehni d lḥilt n uferreh ay yesseflalayen aswir n tikli ɣer s-dat n tmetti ɣer cṛa n tɣessa n yiles ay yimeɛnen neqqad xlaṣ, bla ma ad d-nettu leqwanen n tmeɣṛut ay nettaf di tmedyezt(8) . Isefra, tiqṣiḍin d inzan twaḥsaben si lemmayen ay yigedren s labas bac ad d-tetwassen tmetti ur yemmuten-ca u tay ay yexsen ur tetwella-ca d taɣribt (9) . Ilaq ad d-nini belli igduden ayef yetwanna wamma leɛmer xsen ad dren ɣef lqern d ibejjaren neɣ d imexṣaṣ mamek asen-xsen deg iẓri n urupiyyen imejhaf ay yettaqqalen ɣer yedles n wagdud kan s taḍṣa d umeṣxer (10) .
Di Tcawit, inzan d tmeɛnay ɣer-sen azal d ameqṛan di tutlayt n wakkas, yes-sen yezmer ad neṣṣiwweḍ a nexs ad t-nini s tufra n unamek s-ddu n wawalen yetwasnen ɣer leɛbad ukk. Win asen-yeslen yezmer ad yeɛreq deg ufham-nnes axaṭer tetwafham s laḥdagt, u yezmer daɣ ad ilin labas n inumak n yict n yinzi neɣ n umeɛni d way ay yettutcen azal aseklan kter n tefyar neɣ uherrar yict aḥerfi (11). Amedya
ald ad d-nini: “flan din ma hennid yeggur ɣef tmellalin”; anamek d lebha n wawal yeqwa s labas ald ad d-nini: “flan din yeggur s leɛqel ur izerreb-ca”.
Ɣef unamek n yinzi neɣ n umeɛni, yezmer ad d-naf isemsal-aya: (12)
- Inzan iqdimen (am. ibed am uzarez n wennar, yettazal yetnekkeṣ am yiɣid n lexrif).
- Acebbeh jar n sen n wudmawen neɣ tiɣawsiwin (am. ibeddel llun am buyya, ssem-nnes deg imi-nnes am ufiɣeṛ).
- Timeɛnay n webḥar (am. buh ɣef leɛmeṛ-inu yeḥlan! Wayyeh, yersed ujenna ɣef tmurt!).
Clichés (am. lejba n yergazen ɣir iqelmqn u lejbq n lxalat ɣir izelman, arr yettaru-d yifis u lɛafit tettaru-d iɣed).
Yunes Aɣuggali
(1) Language, culture and society, key topics in linguistic anthropology, Cambridge university press; 2006, p.1. (2)(3)(4) Asif Agha (university of Pennsylvania), language and social relations, introduction, Cambridge university press, 2006, p.2/3/9/10.
(5) Mouloud Mammeri, culture savante ; culture vécue (étude 1938-1989), culture savante et culture vécue en Algérie, TALA, p.67.
(6)(10) Mouloud Mammeri, culture savante ; culture vécue (étude 1938-1989), la littérature berbère orale, TALA, p.67.
(7)(8) Mouloud Mammeri, culture savante ; culture vécue (étude 1938-1989), culture savante et culture vécue en Algérie, TALA, p.68. (9) Mouloud Mammeri, culture savante ; culture vécue (étude 1938-1989), y a-t-il des caractères spécifiques de l’oralité ?, TALA, p.230.
(11)(12) Cambridge international dictionary of idioms, introduction, Cambridge university press 1998, p.6.
Asegzawal:
- Isental (asentel): le(s) thème(s).
- Timettiyyin (timetti): la société.
- Taneḍruyt: une action, un évènement.
- Iseɣwan n tmetti: les relations sociales.
- Tira : l’écrit, la notation, le scripturaire.
- Timawit : l’oralité.
- Tasekla : la littérature.
- Taɣṛemt n umalu/taɣeṛbit : la civilisation occidentale.
- Isemsal (tiseklanin) : les genres (littéraires).
- Tamsuffeɣt : le résultat, la conséquence.
- Anadi unṣib : la recherche officielle.
- Iswi : le but, l’objectif.
- Talɣa : la forme.
- Tawwuri : la fonction.
- Taɣessa : la structure.
- Tugnayt : l’image.
- Aswir : le niveau.
- Tameɣṛut : la rime
- Amedya : un exemple.
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