Tamaziɣt d yiwet seg yilsawen n twacult tafrusyawit. Tawacult-a n yilsawen ttekkan daɣen deg-s yilsawen isamiyen (am taɛṛabt, taɛebrit, taṛamit, ilsawen ityupiyen, atg.), tamaṣrit taqburt akked tqebṭit, tahawsat akked tṣumalit. Tamaziɣt d yiwen seg yilsawen ifriqiyen qlilen ay yesɛan agemmay (alphabet) i yiman-nnes, d agemmay n tfinaɣ. Agemmay-a yebda yettusseqdac seg lqern wis 6 qbel Sidna Ɛisa, yerna yeggra-d lateṛ-nnes deg waṭas n nnqucat ɣef yeẓra seg Libya arma d Meṛṛuk, war ma nettu Tunes ed Ldzayer. Ar ass-a, mazal agemmay-a yettusseqdac ɣer Yimucaɣ n Uneẓruf Ameqran (Sahara). Ma deg Meṛṛuk, agemmay-a rrant d atrar yerna d izeɣ (standard), yerna sselmaden-t deg yiɣerbazen n tmurt-a. Ar ass-a mazal ttwalin agemmay n tfinaɣ d azamul n yiles-nsen akked yiẓuran iqburen n yedles-nsen.
Tamaziɣt d nettat ay d iles aqbur akk ay yettussawlen deg Tefriqt n Ugafa, maca seg wasmi ay d-usan Yinselmen, seg lqern wis 7 sdeffir Sidna Ɛisa, yerna seg wasmi ay d-usant tewsatin (leɛṛac) n Banu Hilal ed Banu Sulaym ɣer Tefriqt n Ugafa seg lqern wis 11 d asawen, aṭas n Yimaziɣen ay yejjan iles-nsen yerna qqlen ssawalen taɛṛabt. Akked leqrun ay yekkan, tamaziɣt tesṛuḥ aṭas seg wenrar-nnes, yerna ass-a, ɣas ma yella mazal ssawalen-tt deg waṭas n yimukan, nezmer ad d-nini tamaziɣt teggra-d kan deg tegzirin anda ay tettnaɣ akken ad tkemmel ad tedder, yerna ass-a neɣ azekka tezmer ad tenger.
Qrib anect yellan n tmiwa aydeg ssawalen tamaziɣt ay yellan n tentalyin (dialectes) timaziɣin. Maca ɣas ma yella timiwa-a mbaɛadent gar-asent, tikkal, s yimeccaqen imeqranen, ɣas ma yella kra n tentalyin ttwaɛezlent ɣef tiyaḍ yerna wid yessawalen s tmaziɣt ur ttemsawalen aṭas gar-asen s yiles-nsen (imi s taɛṛabt ay ssawalen qrib dima), maca Imaziɣen zemren, s umata, ad msefhamen gar-asen s yiles amaziɣ.
Seg yiseggasen n 1940 d asawen ay bdan yemsiwlen n tmaziɣt ttakin s yiman-nsen yerna bdan ttxemmimen ad d-rren tameddurt i yiles, idles akked tnettit-nsen (identité). Iɣelnaẓriyen (nationalistes) idzayriyen imezwura am Idir Ait Amrane, bdan ttarun imesɣerten (hymnes) s tmaziɣt i lmend n uzarug (indépendance) n tmurt n Ldzayer. Deg yiseggasen n 1960, Mouloud Mammeri yura-d yerna yessuffeɣ-d “Tajeṛṛumt” tamezwarut n yiles amaziɣ (taqbaylit) ay yettwarun s lekmal-nnes s tmaziɣt. Mammeri yessedda-d deg wedlis-nnes yiwet n tmawalt (lexique) tamecṭuḥt n wawalen imaziɣen imaynuten. Deg yiseggasen n 1970, Mammeri akked kra seg yinelmaden-nnes, uran-d yiwet n tmawalt n tmaziɣt tatrart aydeg llant twinas (timeyyatin) n wawalen imaynuten ay teḥwaj tmaziɣt akken ad tennerni yerna ad d-temyezg akked tmeddurt n wass-a. Deg tallit-nni daɣen, Imaziɣen n waṭas n tmiwa niḍen, ladɣa deg Tmurt n Leqbayel (deg Ldzayer), bdan ssuturen seg udabu ad yesteɛṛeb s yiles amaziɣ ed ad as-yefk amkan-nnes.
Deg tedyanin n Yebrir n 1980 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel (tid umi semman “Tafsut n Yimaziɣen”), imsulta (ibulisen) idzayriyen mmɣen ɣef yinelmaden sdeffir ma yettwagdel yiwen n usarag ɣef tmedyazt taqbaylit taqburt. D aya ay d-yesnekren imenɣi ameqran ugar i lmend n westeɛṛef s tmaziɣt. Seg yimir-nni d asawen, aṭas n tikliwin ed tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan ama deg Ldzayer, ama deg Meṛṛuk, i wakken adabu ad as-d-yerr amkan-nnes i yiles ed yedles amaziɣ. Deg 1994-1995, qrib akk iɣerbazen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ɣunzan aseggas aɣurbiz yerna igerdan n Tmurt n Leqbayel qqimen aseggas ur ɣrin, i wakken ad ssutren seg Uwanak (ddula) adzayri ad yessekcem tamaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz adzayri akken ad yettusselmed am taɛṛabt neɣ tefṛensist.
Awanak (ddula) adzayri yeqbel ad yessekcem tamaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz, yerna yessebded-d Aseqqamu Unnig i Timmuzɣa, d tasudut (institution) n udabu ay d-yelhan s yedles amaziɣ. Seg tama niḍen, deg Meṛṛuk, amussu (mouvement) ameɣnas i lmend n ussuter n tmaziɣt yebda yettimɣur yerna ijehhed. Deg 2001, Awanak ameṛṛuki yessebded-d IRCAM (Asudu Ageldan n Yedles Amaziɣ), yerna sdeffir ma yella-d ccwal d ameqran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel akked kra n tmiwa n Wewras, adabu adzayri yesteɛṛef s yiles amaziɣ d iles aɣelnaw deg Ldzayer, deg useggas n 2002.
Maca ɣas ma yella Ldzayer testeɛṛef s tmaziɣt, yerna Meṛṛuk tebda daɣen testeɛṛif yes-s, asselmed n yiles amaziɣ deg tmura-a ixuṣṣ s waṭas: drusit mliḥ yiɣerbazen aydeg tettusselmad tmaziɣt, yerna taɣara (qualité) n usselmed-nnes diri-t s umata, ama deg Meṛṛuk, ama deg Ldzayer. Asseqdec n yiles amaziɣ deg tregwa n ṛṛadyu ed tliẓri (tilibizyu) deg snat-a n tmura ur yesɛi dduṛ d ameqran.
Deg 2009, nnulfant-d tregwa tiɣelnawin n tliẓri (tilibizyu) ama deg Meṛṛuk, ama deg Ldzayer, maca ahilen-nsent mazal-iten d igellilen ma nquren-iten ɣer wahilen n tregwa ay yessawalen s taɛṛabt neɣ s tefṛenssit deg tmura-a (tiregwa yessawalen s tmaziɣt ur d-ssukkuyent unuɣen yettewliwilen [dessins animés] neɣ tisgilin i yigerdan s yiles amaziɣ, atg.), yerna akud n tregwa-a d amecṭuḥ. Ma deg Tunes ed Libya, iles amaziɣ yettɣimi-d qrib d aṭabu, d taɣawsa ur d-nettwebdar. Deg snat-a n tmura, tamaziɣt ur tesɛi kra n uẓayer unṣib (statut officiel), yerna iduba n tmura-a ur steɛṛfen s tmaziɣt deg wacemma. Ur yelli ula d yiwen n ttawil n yisalan ay yesseqdacen tamaziɣt deg tmura-a. Deg Mali ed Nijir, ɣas ma yella adabu yesteɛṛef s tmaceɣt d iles aɣelnaw acḥal n yiseggasen aya, ɣer yidis n waṭas n yilsawen ifriqyen niḍen, maca iles amaziɣ (tamaceɣt) teqqel deg yidis deg snat-a n tmura, yerna qrib ulac akk aɣerbaz aydeg tettusselmad.
Tamaziɣt mazal-itt ar ass-a tedder kan deg yilsawen, yerna ur llin waṭas n yedlisen ay d-itteffɣen yes-s. Amur ameqran seg yemsiwlen n tmaziɣt (ula d aggagen [intellectuals]), ur ttarun, ur qqaren tamaziɣt, maca sseqdacen taɛṛabt neɣ tafṛensist ama deg tɣuri, ama deg wemyaru.
S waya, ɣas ma yella llan aṭas n yemsiwlen n tmaziɣt deg kra n tmura (ɣef umedya, 30% seg yimezdaɣen n Meṛṛuk akked 20% seg yimezdaɣen n Ldzayer ssawalen tmaziɣt), iles amaziɣ yettɣimi-d d iles yettwaḥeqren yerna d win ay izemren ad yenger. Ɣas ma yella amur ameqran seg medden (llan gar-asen ula d aggagen [intellectuels] ed yimesnilsiyen [linguistes]) ur giren tamawt i temsalt-a, iles amaziɣ ur yettɛeḍḍil, ɣef leḥsab n tegnit aydeg yella imir-a, ad yeqqel d yiwen seg yilsawen ay itteddun ɣer wengar. Ma yella tamaziɣt ur tettusselmad akken iwatan deg wakk iɣerbazen, tezmer ad d-taf iman-nnes deg tegnit aydeg ur tt-lemmden yigerdan n Tefriqt n Ugafa, ladɣa igerdan yesɛan imawlan ay tt-yessawalen yagi, yerna d aya ara d-yesɛejlen angar-nnes.
Tira s sin yilsawen ɣer unekcum n temdint n Kidal (deg Mali). Ɣef uzelmaḍ, aẓru-a, isem n Kidal yettwaru s tfinaɣ.
Zik, tamaziɣt tella tezmer ad tedder s weɛzal-nni ay ɛezlen yemsiwlen-nnes iman-nsen, yerna d aya ay yejjan aṭas n tentalyin (dialectes) timaziɣin ad menɛent i wengar. Maca ass-a, aɛzal-nni ay yejjan tamazipqt ad temneɛ i wengar yebda yettfaka. Ibriden iruraden (autoroutes) ttekken ɣef wakk timiwa, yerna timdinin ay d-yezgan sdat yedraren neɣ deg uneẓruf (ṣṣeḥra) ttimɣurent, ttnernint yerna jebbdent-d ama d imezdaɣen n tmurt, ama d imezdaɣen ibeṛṛaniyen ɣef tmiwa-nni aydeg d-zgant (yerna ibeṛṛaniyen-nni, s tuget, ur ssinen iles amaziɣ). Seg tama niḍen, d ayen yettwassnen seg zik, “iles n temdint” deg Tefriqt n Ugafa ur yelli d tamaziɣt, wanag d taɛṛabt.
Yagi, deg sin n leqrun ineggura, iles amaziɣ yenger deg waṭas n tmiwa n Ldzayer anda ay yella, yagi ɣef yiri n wengar (d timiwa aydeg d-qqiment kra kan n tuddar ay yessawalen tamaziɣt gar tuddar ay yessawalen s taɛṛabt). Ass-a, tikli-a n tijjit n yiles tamaziɣt mazal tettkemmil yerna aya yezmer ad yesseḍɛef ula d tintalyin (dialectes) timaziɣin timeqranin (taqbaylit akked tcawit deg Ldzayer, tarifit, tamaziɣt n tlemmast n Meṛṛuk akked tcelḥit deg Meṛṛuk, akked tmaceɣt deg Uneẓruf Ameqran [Sahara]). Ɣef waya ay yessefk ɣef Yimaziɣen ad d-akin i wugur-a ay izemren ad yeglu s yiles-nsen.
Agalis (panneau) n uṛeḥḥeb deg tɣiwant n Yesser, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel (Ldzayer), yura s taɛṛabt, s tmaziɣt (tira n tfinaɣ) akked tefṛensist.
Ass-a, mi akka ay nella deg tallit aydeg aṭas n yilsawen ay yellan ɣef tizi n wengar, yerna UNESCO tenna-d yal snat ledwaṛ inegger yiwen n yiles seg umaḍal, yessefk ɣef yemsiwlen n tmaziɣt ad akin. Ɣas ma yella iles-nsen yettwaḥqer, maca yessefk ɣef yal yiwen seg-sen ad yeg ayen yezmer akken ad yeḥrez yerna ad yesnerni tamaziɣt. S waya, yal yiwen seg-sen yessefk ad yessiwel tamaziɣt, yerna ad tt-yaru ed ad tt-iɣer.
Kra n yimedyaten n tira n tmaziɣt s yisekkilen n taɛṛabt deg wemda n Busemɣun, ay d-yezgan 90 n yikilumitren deg wenẓul (sud) n Ɛin Ṣṣefra (deg wenẓul-utrim n Ldzayer) :
Anekcum n yiwet n tneɣlust (lqahwa) deg yiwen n yeɣrem : Lqawa ed watay.
Uffuɣ - Xuruǧ
Tmadalt n Ayt Tebbun (tamṛaḥt n wedrum n Tebbun)
(Ayt Tebbun d adrum ameqran n Busemɣun).
Tazeɣɣa Tamellalt (tazeɣɣa n zzawya)
Iles amaziɣ deg Tlaxcala : ayɣer ed wamek ?
Tlaxcala d aẓeḍḍa agraɣlan n yemsuqqlen (traducteurs) ay iqeddcen i lmend n uṭṭuqqet n yilsawen deg umaḍal. Aẓeḍḍa-a yesnulfa-d aḥric amaziɣ deg udeg-nnes n internet amaynut (http://www.tlaxcala-int.org) ay yettwaledyen deg wass n 14 Yulyu 2010. Adeg aqbur n Tlaxcala (http://www.tlaxcala.es) yennulfa-d deg 21 Fuṛaṛ 2006 (deg 1999, UNESCO terra ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ d ass agraɣlan n Yiles Ayemmat. Deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1952, semmus [xemsa] n yinelmaden ay yefkan timeddurin-nsen d asfel deg temdint n Dacca akken ad ssutren seg udabu ad yerr tabengalit d iles unṣib [officiel] deg tmurt n Pakistan Tagmuḍant [tacerqit] ay yeqqlen d Bangladesh asmi ay tennuɣ akken ad tawey azarug-nnes [independence]).
Seg 2006 ar ass-a, adeg n Tlaxcala yessers-d ugar n 10.000 n yimagraden ay uran wugar n 1000 n yimeskaren (auteurs). Imagraden-a ttussuqqlen-d ɣer wugar n 13 n yilsawen seg wakk timiwa n umaḍal. Wid ay iqeddcen deg udeg-a gan aẓeḍḍa n wemɛawen yerna bɣan ad d-yettussuqqel leqdic n Tlaxcala ɣer waṭas n yilsawen i wakken ad ttekkin deg ussukkes n yilsawen ay ittedden akken ad negren yerna ad ḥerzen aṭṭuqqet n yilsawen deg umaḍal.
Adeg amaynut n Tlaxcala yesɛa udem amaynut ay yifen udem-nni aqbur yerna fessus ugar i usseqdec. Deg weḥric amaziɣ n udeg n Tlaxcala, ad d-tafem tisuqilin n yimagraden n yisalan akked tesleḍt (analyse) ama ɣef Falesṭin neɣ ɣef Isṛayil, ama ɣef Afɣanistan neɣ Pakistan, ama ɣef Yiwunak Yeddukklen neɣ ɣef Honduras ed Filippin, akked yisalan ɣef waṭas n temsal ed tedyanin ay la iḍerrun ussan-a.
Nekni s wid ay yessawalen tamaziɣt, nesɛa iles ay yeḥwajen ad yettussiwel, maca daɣen yeḥwaj ad tettwaru. Tira n yiles-nneɣ ur yessefk ad yeḥbes kan deg tira n yinzan, timucuha timecṭuḥin akked yisefra, ɣas ma yella yessefk fell-aɣ ad nerr tajmilt i leṣnaf-a n tsekla ay aɣ-yejjan ad neḥrez iles-nneɣ ed timmeṛkantit-nnes deg leqrun yezrin, maca yessefk daɣen fell-aɣ ass-a ad naru s yiles-nneɣ imagraden n tesleḍt (analyse) akked unadi, ad naru ed ad d-nessuqqel idlisen ay yessawalen ɣef temsal yemgerraden, ladɣa timsal titrarin akked tid ay yerzan tidyanin ay la iḍerrun ass-a. Yessefk ɣef yiles-nneɣ ad yekcem inurar imaynuten n tmussni ara yerren tamaziɣt d iles atrar n teɣwalt (communication) ay izemren ad yenfeɛ i wayen ḥwajen wid ay yessawalen yes-s ass-a akken ay yenfeɛ yal iles atrar imawlan-nnes. Aya ur telli trewla fell-as; ur yessefk ad neḥbes iles-nneɣ deg “ujeɣlal” aydeg ara t-nesseqdac kan i wawal kan neɣ i tsekla taɣerfant (taceɛbit) akked tɣawsiwin yeqqnen ɣer wansayen, maca yessefk daɣen ad nesseqdec iles-nneɣ akken ad d-nessiwel ɣef tekta akked uxemmem atrar, ɣef temsal yemgerraden, tid yerzan akk inurar n tmussni. Ṛṛay n wesnulfu n weḥric s yiles amaziɣ deg udeg n Tlaxcala d win ara aɣ-iledyen tawwurt akken ad neḥrez yerna ad nesnerni iles-nneɣ.
Ɣef waya ay d-neggar tiɣri i wakk wid ay yebɣan yerna ssaramen ad snernin iles amaziɣ, ad ttekkin deg tira-nnes akked wezraɛ-nnes deg uẓeḍḍa n internet, ad d-ssuqqlen imagraden ay d-yeffɣen deg Tlaxcala yerna ad zerɛen tabṛat-a i wakken ad d-nejmeɛ amḍan (nombre) ameqran akk ay nezmer n yiwiziyen ara aɣ-iɛawnen deg weḥric-a amaziɣ.
Akken ay as-yettini yiwen n wanzi-nneɣ: Afus deg ufus, taɛkemt ad tifsus.
Akken ad nextem taswiɛt-a, yessefk ad d-nger yiwet n tamawt s wazal-nnes: nekni, s wid yettekkan deg uẓeḍḍa n Tlaxcala, nemsefham akken ma nella ɣef tmuɣli-nneɣ deg wayen yerzan “iles”. Nekni nettwali “iles” neɣ “tutlayt” d ttawil ayyes zemren ad msiwlen akk medden gar-asen, d ttawil n welday n leɛqul n medden. “Iles” ur yelli d ttawil ayyes ara yeɣleq yiwen leɛqel-nnes yerna ad yedder deg “ughetto” aydeg ara yeɛzel iman-nnes ɣef wiyaḍ. Aṭas n medden ay yettarran ilsawen d iɣerban akken ad ffren deffir-sen yerna ur ttemxalaḍen ed wiyaḍ, maca nekni nebɣa ad nerr ilsawen d tileggiyin (tiqenṭyar) ayyes ara myussanen medden gar-asen. Deg wayen yerzan tamaziɣt, nettwali leqdic-nneɣ d win aydeg ara nemɛawan akk akken ad d-nejmeɛ awalen yerna ad nesnerni tamawalt-nneɣ (lexique) akken ad nessiweḍ ad d-nebnu iles amaziɣ ara yesdukklen neɣ ara yessemqaraben gar akk Imaziɣen ay t-yessawalen; d iles ara yezmer ad t-yefhem, meqqar, umur ameqran n Yimaziɣen deg umaḍal. Leqdic-a ad yeḥwij amɛawen gar akk imdanen ay as-izemren, yerna neggar-d tiɣri I wakken imdanen am wi ad d-ttekkin deg webrid-a ay aɣ-terra tmara ad t-nezger i lmend n wesnerni n yiles-nneɣ.
Arum-aɣ-d ɣer : amastan08[at]yahoo[dot]com
Ɣrem TASKINT N TLAXCALA s tamaziɣt !
Agalis n « BDED [ḥbes] » deg temdint n Naḍur (Meṛṛuk), yettwaru s taɛṛabt akked tmaziɣt, yers deg wass n 29 Yebrir 2003, maca yeqleɛ deg yiḍ.
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