amcan n Lmaghrib di ddanya d u agra n es ameqran, yejja timura ijehdan n ddanya dam3an t day es. Arami gerra t bda di Tzayar t ghreb Fransa assultan Abdl Ar-Rahman n Lmaghrib i 3awn en ayt bab n Tzayar.
Timura Tirupawiyin ijahdan d u Amarican s mun nen t array n sen t hima ad t qqim i Lmaghrib tamurt n es t mun, hima aghar sen yiri tisaqqar chnaw ayauya di tijara akid es degw u ayraw i ggin di Madrid di 1880.
Amnghi x tijara d tasrtit (politikk) jar ragnus ad imaqranen, y essiwd i ten ad dewr en degw awar n sen x u asmuni n array n sen i tugha ggin di Madrid. Min n ten y essiwd en ghar attas n lmachakil di marra ddanya. Fransa t arzu tam3awent ghar Sapanya d u Agranziz maca Aliman war das y eqbir ca.
Fransa t egga di 1904 ijj n r3ahd (itifaqiya) aked Spanya x ufraq n Lmaghreb. 3awed t egga Fransa ijj n r3ahd niden aked igranzizyen, u t uwcas en dayes ad egg en min xs en di Masar hima adas uc en fus ad t egg min t xs di Lmaghreb.
Aliman t arred x manaya u t enna bili tammurt n Lmaghreb ad t qqim t mun, awarni umi Fransa t ettar zi ssultan n Lmaghreb ad yar tamurt nnes s u adday u fus n Fransa (protectorate) di 1905.
Lqayser n u Aliman William II y ennawju ghar Tanja, u y wcha awar nnes hima tammurt n Lmaghreb ad t qqim t mun. Aliman y ettar asen ad siwren x tghawsiwi (tamasracht) ad n Lmaghreb degw ayraw n Agecira (yanayer, mars, 1906)
Degw ayraw ad ragnusa imaqranen qabr en zi min xef tugha s mun en awar di Madrid u 3awed ucinas awar i u Aliman hima ura netta aghas tiri tsghat ness. U awc in fus i Fransa di lahdada jar Lmaghreb d Tzayar u aggin tamurt n Lmughrib s u adday ufus n Fransa d Spanya.
Fransa t arrit ghar qattu x lmuqawama n imazdhaghen, u zi manaya t abda ad t ssass fus nes x u amchan awarni u amchan di Lmaghreb. Fransa t baddar abdel-aziz IV s uma s abd al-hafid x rkursi n Lmaghrib. Fransa t 3awen sultan ad hima ad y eqda x ijj u aghawagh di 1911. Di rweqt ad y essak u Aliman ijjen zeg gharuba nnes n rharb ghar Agadir di 1.7.1911. Fransa t arra manaya chnaw asekkar n rharb u manaya y essufagh ghar ubaddar n planat n tmura y ad.
Fransa d u Aliman u wch en awar i ayauya huma Lmaghreb ad y edwar s u adday ufus n Fransa u Fransa t wcha s imuchan zeg inni tugha t asta3mar degw Africa i u Aliman. Di 1912 yegga sultan n Lmaghreb tammurt nes s u adday i u fus n Fransa. U Fransa d Spanaya faqen Lmaghreb x ab3a i muchan. Lmaghreb n Fransa 9/10 n tseqqar zi tmurt t dwar s u adday ufus nnes s l3asima nnes Arbat. Lmaghreb n Spanya s l3asima ness Titawin d ijj n u amchan s adday u fus n Spanya di ljanub n Lmaghreb; d ijj n u amchan i y qqim en jar ragnus di Tanja. Lmaghreb afransis y suyur it Gereral Lyautey ar 1925.
“war xs en ad iri en la s u adday u fus n Fransa, u la s u adday u fus n Spanya, u jjin at y awi degw neqqi n arrif”
Spanya t iwi idurar i end en i Mritch d Sebta. Imuchan ad war tugha ghas en bu ibriden jarasen, u amsawad d u asaymi (tanmiya) tugha yew3ar di arrif. General Damaso Berenguer y egga ad yar s u adday i u fus nnes jihat tacharqacht n jbara. U y ettar ar as i Manuel Fernandes Silvestre, ad y egg tiqabbâr n arrif s u adday i fus n ispunya. Minzi tugha y erzu ad y esmun Mritch aked Sebta.
Abd El-Krim y eghder isapunya ijj n u aghdar d ameqran u y u zzer xafs en ghar Mritch. Wattu y ad t adfar it id xamsa i sugwusa n rhab. Y endad zi Sapania taxassat d tamqrant.
Fransa t anid ixef nnes ghar rharb aa u t ahjam d zi ljanub. Isapunya ssas en fus x lhusima u ggin lhujum zi chamal. Abd el-Krim d y emjhaden n arrif ssasen rasrah di 1926.
Zi gi nni it u assan en zi rharb n arrif, dinni general Fransisco Franco.
*****
Abd El-Krim (1982, Ajdir - 06. feb. 1963, alqahira) netta i tugha d amsuyur (leader) n umussu mouvment) n terelle (freedom) n arrif. U d netta I y eggin a republica n arrif jar 1921 d 1926. Netta tugha yessan di rharb d tandim (organisation) attas. U y zmar ad y eghreb x isapunya ghar tugha attas n srah d r3askar.
Abd El-Krim tughat d ammis n ijj n u amghar n taqbicht Tamazight n Ait Uriaghel. Netta y eghra tghuri tasapanyut u tamesrent. U y ekhdam di lbiru n imazighen u y edwer d qadi al-qudat di mritch. Tughat ura d asermad di Mritch u tugha t x aghmis umi thugha qqan Telegrama del Rif.
Macha tugha it eqqsas rhar zi min tugha ttag Spanya i imazighen, u yasghuy x manawya, minzi t aggin isapunya di rahbas. Y arwar zi rahbas u y ezmar ad y e3qab 3awed ad y erri d rqadi ameqran di Mritch. Macha y effagh zi Mritch u y e3qabd ghar Ajdir di 1919.
Y emmanid ghas uma s daghya u netta idhawr en d amchawar u d kommandant n r3askar n arrif. Netni s mun en tiqabbar timazighin u jahdan x arrif arami ghalban x isapunya degw menghi n anoual di 1921, u sskken isapunya ghar Mrich.
Degw usggwas aa yegga u yedwer Abd el-Krim d aghrif (arrayes) n arepublika n arrif. Netta y ezammar ad is mun tiqabbar n arrrif u ad enaddam ijj n tadbelt (lidara) ghar idja djsas d tiqabbar n arrif d min d jjin imazighen.
Abdelkrim y izmar ura ad y eghrab x isapunya di 1924. Netta tugha 3rahar ad y awed ghar Fes di 1925 macha t ghrab Fransa, das ihaten x umchan n rxazin n resrah di Wargha.
Fransa d Spanya erqfi ten zziyar u zrin bili amussu n terelle n arrif tugha iqat3as en rawdaj n sen. Minzi mun en x irifien u m3ujj an xas en zi tnayen n jihat. Lgeneral afransis Petain yehjamd zi Fes. Isapunya d ifransisen ggin d lhujum s ktar zi 250.000 i3askariyen. Imjahden ssasen rasrah nhar 27.5.1926. abdlkrim sekk en t ghar tayzirt n la-reunion di rabhar ameqran yasan. Awarni i manaya azun a tid agwh en ghar Fransa macha y eddar di masar u yeddâr dinni ar 1963 u aqqa t 3ad dinni.
Lyautey d uamgharen n imaghrabiyen
D Marshal Louis Hubert Lyautey (1854 - 1934) d netta i yessas en djsas i politikk n Fransa di Lmaghreb.
Lyuatey ad yanna xas Robinson bili netta zeg iwdan nni i iwd en ad xawd en degw iyduden deg yedja atass n rejnass di Afrika d Asia.
Mara wanita umi qqan Lyauteys y ezdagh di Lmaghreb ghar jar (1912_1925), yeqqim u awar ness itaqwad di Lmaghreb di marra min y qqim uafransis d Lmaghreb.
Netta tugha it amen zi lmalakiya d ddin akatoliki. Netta tugha war kis d yusi cha minzi tussa aripublika ta3ilmanecht di Fransa. Dta it y ejjin war t xs en cha ad yeri di r3askar di tmurt n Fransa. U dta it y ejjin yarzu amchan niden di tmura it wa hawsen n ddanya, hima adayes y eddâr tirja ness nni t arza tagrawla tafransist n 1789.
Netta yerra Lmaghreb d ijj laboratorium (lmuxtabar) i ijj n tajriba (eksperiment) d tageldant (malakiya, royal) s rmaxzan n Lmaghrib u s sultan ness s ixef nes. Netta izmar ad y ekkas ajjahd i ujadjid amazwaru u hima ad yar d ajadjid ssultan Yusuf.
Tusna n tungimt n uhawass ness, y essentar it (yebnat) x u aswaxdam (collaboration) jar ifrasisen d yinni tugha kid sen it u asxdham en zeg imgharen imaghrabiyen d ighrifen ( arruyas) nsen, d rfuqra nsen. U hima ad y edman Lyautey manaya deg ijj n rwaqt d tazirart, y
Arddjaj d usedma3 d ubeddar d usudess n rkampo ameghrabi
Awarni, umi tugha t u ad qqar en rhkam war yedjin d uslid (war yedjin d uslid = indirect), d lihtiram n taqalid (tradiction) n ayt bab n tmurt, y effar lyautey tizi (lmaslaha) n Fransa.
U hima ad yegg Lmaghrib inaf3an s adday i u fus ness, y erzu I lhal n lmuqawama I tugha y djan x u ahawwas.
Tugha awar ness itakwad attas minzi tugha war iskhaddim bu qabu di ssiyasa ness aked lmuqawama.
Netta y egga reswaq d sapitarat imezyanen d lxadamat niden hima aghas d yar inni t etqawamen zeg mezdagh. Netta tugha etagg rhab di rwaqt yemzi, hima war y xassar attas.
”Lmunchaqqin (Dissidenter) war djin bu ra3du negh u war da nadji cha hima an hdem tamurt n sen nigh huma an sizzer idammen n sen, macha aqa negh da hima aten n ghar, u hima adasen n fhem, u hima atend nar aked ughazdis negh....n ssaxdham qabu ghar xminni war y naffa3 cha niden. Hawsem u macha uchem fuss i yenni t hawsem. Ijjen war it harab abdelkrim mamech it harab Mareshal Hindenburg, y enna Lyauteyi 1925”.
Tizammr n Petains zeg y essagh temassi di arrif, t emsar arami tarni Fransa di r3askar ness zi 75 000 di abril ar 150 000 di arb3a n uyuren (4-nrach-hur) menba3d di 1925. Y wy en asend tnugat d tiyarat d srah idaqren niden.
Lyautey d ikhaddamen nes tugha ghar taja en di min d y iwi Petain. Minzi tugha snaqqas en as di zzad d r3askar. U tugha y taggwad ad yexsar idammen n ifransisen hima war xas d sghuyun zi Fransa.
I3askariyen s umanzi war ghasen bu amtir: i3askariyen d imaghrabiyen degw arud d afransis
Hima war dinni tiri bu taxassat i y fransisen tarni Fransa deg i3askariyen ness imaghrabiyen. I3askariyen d imaxzaniyen imaghrabiyen tugha axsen attas. U tugha war daysent i tiwi had mara mut en.
Tikkast n jjahd i imaghrabiyen tiwad ghar tqichit ness di 1930, arami inna Daniel Nagle: ” zi rhab aked imaghrabiyen ar rhab jar imaghrabiyen”
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