Win ara yeffɣen s izenqan n Managua (tamaneɣt n Nicaragua) kra n wussan uqbel ma llant-d tefranin, ad yerzu ɣef yegmamen iɣerfanen (quartiers populaires), ad yessiwel ed yimezdaɣen-nsen yerna ad iẓer amek tella ddeɛwa dinna, ad iger tamawt akk medden bɣan yerna ẓran d akabar ara irebḥen tifranin: d akabar n Terni Tasandinit n Weslelli Aɣelnaw (FSLN), yerna d Daniel Ortega, aselway n tmurt, d netta ara iɛawden ad yettwafren ɣef yiɣef n tmurt. Ula d issenqad (sondages), d isem-nnes ay d-ssuffɣen ad yerbeḥ, yerna d rrbeḥ ameqran.
Mass Ortega yella d yiwen seg yemḍebbren imeqranen deg tnekra tamasiḥit-tamaṛksit ay yessawḍen, deg 1979, ad tesseɣli adabu amesbaṭli n Anastasio Somoza deg Nicaragua. Ortega yettwafren, i tikkelt tamezwarut deg 1984. Deg tallit-nni, Nicaragua teqqel d yiwet seg tmura ay iḥuza yimenɣi-nni ameqran n Wemgaru (ṭṭrad) Asemmaḍ. Imarikaniyen snekren-d deg tmurt-a tigrawin timsellḥit umi semman “contra”, i wakken ad tt-ce wwlen. Imarikaniyen rkin izerfan n wemdan deg Nicaragua, yerna, deg 1986, Ccṛeɛ Agraɣlan n La Haye yuweḍ arma ay yeḥkem ɣef Yiwunak Yeddukklen ad xellṣen 17 n yimelyaṛen n yidulaṛen n lexḍeyya i Nicaragua ɣef ljal n uɛawen n Washington i tegrawin tiremmaɣin (tirebrabin) ay d-ikeccmen seg Honduras ɣer Nicaragua akken ad tt-cewwlen. Leḥkem-a n Wexxam n Ccṛeɛ Agraɣlan d win ayɣef sɛuẓẓgen yiselwayen imarikaniyen, yerna ar ass-a mazal qqnen fell-as tiṭṭawin-nsen. Deg 1990, Inicaragwiyen yufa-ten-id lḥal fkan yagi 30.000 n medden d asfel ɣef ljal n ccwal-a ay asen-d-gan Yimarikaniyen, yerna feclen seg taluft ay iḥuzan tamurt-nsen, dɣa d aya ay ten-yejjan ad fernen taselwayt n uyeffus, Violeta Chamorro. Sakkin, sdeffir ma ddren 16 n yiseggasen ddaw tsertit tanyulibiṛalit ay yefkan axeṣṣar i tmurt, Inicaragwiyen ɛawden fernen, deg wass n 5 Nwembeṛ 2006, Mass Daniel Ortega.
Semmus n yiseggasen sakkin (1), deg wass n 6 Nwembeṛ 2011, Ortega iɛawed yettwafren i tikkelt niḍen s 62% n tuɣac, yerna, s wegmuḍ-a, yugar s waṭas axṣim-nnes aṛemmas (entrepreneur) Fabio Gadea n Ukabar Alellam Imzireg (Parti Libéral Indépendant, 30%), am wakken ay yeṛmel axṣim-nnes n Ukabar Alellam Amesmenḍaw (Parti Libéral Constitutionnaliste – PLC), Arnoldo Alemán ay iqedcen ula d netta d aselway n tmurt gar 1997 ed 2002 (i wesmekti, Alemán yettwaḥkem yettucaṛeɛ yerna yeḥkem fell-as wexxam n ccṛeɛ deg 2003 ɣef ljal n yiwet n temsalt n tjuɛal). Dɣa deg tefranin-a, Alemán yerbeḥ-d kan 6% n tuɣac yerna, aya yezmer ad yili d tasebba ayɣef ara yeffeɣ seg wenrar n tsertit i lebda. Rrbeḥ-a deg tefranin d win ara yejjen akabar n FSLN n Ortega ad yeqqel d netta ay d ameqran deg wemni (parlement), yerna aya igerrez imi, naqal, yella ur yesɛi tigti (majorité).
Ikabaren n uyeffus, deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, qqlen sɛan yiwet n ḍḍbiɛa ay ten-icerken deg wakk timura n Temrikt Talatinit: mi ara rebḥen yisandiniyen (ixṣimen-nsen), ikabaren n uyeffus ttinin-d ur steɛṛfen s rrbeḥ-nsen. Ɣef leḥsab n yiyeffusen – akked waṭas n yimanayn (observateurs) – Ortega ur yesɛi azref akken ad d-yessers iman-nnes ɣer tefranin n tselwit, imi amagrad wis 147 n tmenḍawt (Constitution) yegdel (yemneɛ) i wakken yiwen ad yeḥkem tamurt snat tikkal yettemseḍfaren. D acu kan, ayt uyeffus ttun deg Tubeṛ n 2009, Tazeɣɣa n Tmenḍawt n Wexxam n Ccṛeɛ Aɛlayan tebṭel ayen ay d-yenna umagrad-a (2) - swaswa akken ay iga udabu deg Colombia, yerna d aya ay yejjan aselway Alvaro Uribe (3) ad iɛawed ad yettwafren deg tmurt-a ula ma llan aṭas ur t-iḥemmlen; yerna aya yeḍra ula deg Costa Rica war ma iwet-d deg-s yiwen, yerna d aya ay yejjan aselway Oscar Arias ad iɛawed ad yettwafren tikkelt niḍen deg tmurt-a.
Ma d aɣmis n La Prensa, yessuffeɣ-d awal-nni amessas ay zgan wayt uyeffus ssuffuɣen-t-id ɣef yexṣimen-nsen asmi ara rebḥen: “Axeṣṣar am wa yugar tukerḍa n tuɣac deg tefranin”. Yessefk ad d-nesmekti, deg Nwembeṛ n 2008, llant-d tefranin n tɣiwanin deg Nicaragua. Mi ɛeddant tefranin-nni, Eduardo Montealegre, amɣiwan (maire) n Managua (yerna d imḍebber n tbanka [banque]), ur t-yeɛjib lḥal [acku d isandiniyen n uzelmaḍ ay irebḥen], yerna yessuter i wakken ad yettwaɛawed leḥsab n tuɣac. Aseqqamu Aɛlayan n Tefranin yeqbel aya, d acu kan, imi ayt uyeffus-nni ay yessutren aɛawed n leḥsab ur sɛin ttbut ɣef tukerḍa n tuɣac, smenyafen ur ḥeddṛen deg wass-nni aydeg ay d-yella uɛawed-nni n leḥsab.
Nicaragua d tamurt aydeg amgaru (ṭṭrad) yejja-d ticraḍ d tilqayanin, yerna ass-a, tagnit-nnes tasertit teḥṛes. Ɣas ma yella idles aɣarim (culture civique) akked tugdut werɛad ur uɣen aẓar deg tmurt-a, maca Isandiniyen n uzelmaḍ dima steɛṛifen asmi ara xeṣren deg tefranin. Seg tama niḍen, yella-d kra n lexṣaṣ deg tefranin aydeg rebḥen. Amaru amatu (secrétaire général) n Tuddsa n Yiwunak n Temrikt (Organsiation des Etats américains – OEA), Miguel Insulza, yebder-d lexṣaṣat-a, d acu kan yerra tajmilt i « weɣref akked unabaḍ [lḥukuma]” ɣef tefranin-a, yerna yenna-d “Inicaragwiyen sseknen-d amek ay uwḍen ɣer weswir aɛlayan n ṣṣwab aserti deg wayen yerzan tifranin-a”. Ma d Luis Yanez, amanay (observateur) n Tdukli Tuṛufit, seg mi ay d-yuweḍ ɣer Nicaragua, netta yerfa yerna yettcennif ɣef udabu n tmurt. Mi ɛeddant tefranin, ula d netta yebder-d kra n tɣawsiwin ay izelgen am wakken ay d-iwet deg lqella n ṣṣfa deg wayen yerzan asseddu n tefranin-a. D acu kan, deg wass n 8 Nwembeṛ, mi iḥettet fell-as yiwen n uneɣmas, Yanez yenna-d: “D acu ay d-neqsed s tukerḍa n tuɣac ? Deg tsertit, tukerḍa n tuɣac nettat d asserbeḥ n win ay ixeṣren akked ussexṣer n win ay irebḥen. Ihi, deg tegnit-a, ur yelli ccek: akabar n Terni akked Mass Ortega d nitni ay irebḥen deg tefranin”.
Jose Daniel Ortega Saavedra, Alireza Mobtaker
Ihi akka, d Ortega ay irebḥen, yerna yerbeḥ s wegmuḍ (résultat) d ameqran. Deg 2006, Ortega yerbeḥ kan s 37,99% - yuɣ lḥal, deg Nicaragua, win ara irebḥen yessefk ad yesɛu 40% n tuɣac neɣ 35% ma yella yugar s 5 n tenqiḍin axṣim ay d-yusan ddaw-as. Tikkelt-a, akabar n Terni Tasandinit [n Ortega] yessaweḍ ad d-yawey 62% n tuɣac, dɣa nezmer ad d-nini d aneggez ay ineggez s igenni. Aya ad aɣ-yejj ad nesseqsi iman-nneɣ: ayɣer ay tuley s ukabar-a ? D acu kan, tiririt tban, yerna ad tt-naf ɣer wid-nni ay yeqqlen d igellilen ddaw udabu n yenyulibiṛaliyen (n uyeffus).
Daniel Ortega, seg yidis-nnes, yessedda tamurt war ma iḍurr nnfeɛ n teṛmisin (tikebbaniyin) tusligin (privées), am wakken, daɣen, ur yessaged imesftiyen (investisseurs) ibeṛṛaniyen akked wudusen (organismes) igraɣlanen n tedrimt (Asenduq n Tedrimt Agraɣlan [FMI], Tabanka Tamaḍlant [Banque Mondiale], atg.). Seg tama niḍen, Ortega ur ikukra i wakken ad iṣerref idrimen d imeqranen i lmend n uɛawen igellilen n tmurt, yerna amur ameqran seg Yinicaragwiyen d igellilen. Ass-a, d amur-a ameqran n tmurt ay yebɣan ad as-yerr lxir-nnes i Ortega, yerna iɛawed yefren-it. Agdud yeɛya seg wayt uyeffus ay yebɣan kan ad rebḥen tifranin akken ad d-rren ttaṛ, yerna ur sɛin kra n usenfar umɛin ara inefɛen tamurt. Ɣef waya, agdud iɛawed yefren “amenzaḍ [commandant] Daniel Ortega” i wakken ad ikemmel deg webrid-nnes, acku aṭas n tɣawsiwin ay mazal teḥwaj-itent Nicaragua, aya iban.
Kra nnan-d Ortega ur yelli yezmer ad yessiweḍ ad yesselhu tiɣawsiwin n tmurt (deg yeḥricen n tezmert, n usselmed, n tuccit, n tnezduɣt, atg.) lemmer ur t-id-tɛawen tegrawt n ALBA (Tamsisit Tabolivarit n Yiɣerfan n Temrikt-nneɣ - Alliance Bolivarienne des Peuples de Notre Amérique). Dɣa, imi Nicaragua tettekka deg tegrawt-a, Venezuela tɛawen-itt s yedrimen, ma d Cuba tɛawen-itt seg yidis n tezmert. D tidet, d tadukli-a n ayt uzelmaḍ n Temrikt Talatinit ay yejjan timura-a ad qqlent jehdent s wemɛawen, tagmat akked wemkemmal ay d-yettilin gar-asen. Yerna d aya ay yesrebḥen tadukli-nsen.
(1) Werɛad ur d-yeffiɣ wegmuḍ (résultat) aneggaru mi nella nettaru amagrad-a
(2) Deg kra n wuḍḍun ay d-itteddun, aɣmis n’Le Monde diplomatique’ ad d-yeqqel ɣer temsalt-a
(3) Deg 2005, Axxam n Ccṛeɛ Amenḍawi (constitutionnel) yefka ttesriḥ i uselway acolombi Alvaro Uribe i wakken ad yeḥkem tamurt i tikkelt tis snat. D acu kan, deg 2010, Axxam-a n ccṛeɛ yefsex lqanun-nni aydeg ara yessextir agdud ma yella ad iɛawed Alvaro Uribe ad yettwafren neɣ ala.
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