SYur Yemsuqqlen n Tlaxcala
*Manifeste
Tlaxcala d aẓeḍḍa i lmend n uṭṭuqqet n yilsawen deg umaḍal, tessebded-it-id yiwet n terbaet tamecṭuḥt n yimeYnasen (militants) n Internet ay yemyussanen s Internet yerna gren tamawt eedlen deg tmuYliwin-nsen i wakk-n ad ssiwḍen Yer yeswan, tirga ed wuguren ay ten-icerken. Aẓeḍḍa n terbaet-nsen yimYur s tYawla, yerna llan deg-s ass-a 74 n yimaslaḍen (membres) ay d-yettarun s 13 n yilsawen. Taskint-a, ay qeblen akk-n ma llan, d tin ay d-yesskanen tafelsuft ay ten-icerken.
Akk ilsawen n umaḍal yessefk ad ttekkin yerna ttekkayen, deg tidet, deg lebni n tegmat gar yemdanen. Iles ur yelli, akk-n ttxemmimen kra, d taYessa kan n tjeṛṛumt (structure grammaticale), d tagrumma (ensemble) n wawalen ay itteddun s lqanun n tseddast (syntaxe), wanag yessefk ad d-nernu : iles d asnulfu n lmeenat ay yebnan Yef yiḥulfan-nneY. S way-a, nettwali, nfehhem yerna nessawal-d Yef umaḍal-nneY Yef leḥsab n tegnit ay deg nella, Yef leḥsab n yiḥulfan-nneY udmawanen (personnels), n tmura ay deg d-nekker yerna nezdeY yerna Yef leḥsab n tegnit tasertit (politique) ay deg nedder. Γef ljal n way-a, ur yelli yiles ay yeṭṭfen talemmast, ur imal akk-in wala akk-a, yerna ilsawen akk Yer-sen ”tangalt tajinit” (code génétique), d lateṛ n yidelsan wuYur qqnen. Talatinit yellan d iles amezwaru n Umenkud (Empire), tewweḍ Yer tqacuct s weefas Yef way-n ay d-yeqqimen seg yilsawen ay tessaweḍ ad ten-terẓ asmi ay llan yiserdasen n Ṛṛuman ssemYaren Amenkud-nsen (Empire) deg wenẓul (sud) n Tuṛuft (Europe), deg ugafa (nord) n Tefriqt ed Ccerq Alemmas. Sakk-in, ur yelli d ay-n yessewhamen mi ara nẓer taspenyulit, yelli-s n tlatinit, d nettat ay yesnegren ilsawen n yiYerfan (ccueub) niḍen, wid yettwarnan deg Temrikt.
Amenkud (Empire) ed yiles-nnes tteddun dima afus deg ufus, yerna d ay-n ibanen ur zmiren ad ddren ed ad nnernin ala ma snegren wiyaḍ. Amenkud ed yiles-nnes ttagin wiyaḍ. S kra n yiles n umenkud (langue impériale) yettarra iman-nnes d netta ay Yef yebna umezruy (ttarix), d netta ay d-iḥekkun amezruy s tmuYli-nnes yerna imeḥḥu (neY ieerreḍ ad yemḥu) timuYliwin n yilsawen ay yeḥqer. Amezruy unṣ̣ib (officiel) n yal amenkud werjin yettili zeddig seg lbaṭel ed lekdeb, wanag dima ieerreḍ ad d-yessefhem, Yas s lekdeb, ay-n ay iga umenkud iḍelli, i wakk-n ad d-yebnu tamuYli-nnes Yef umaḍal n uzekka, akk-n ay t-yettwali netta.
Yiwen ur yeẓri ass-a ay-n ay ieeddan, ay-n umi ḥulfan yiYerfan (ccueub) ay yerna Umenkud n Ṛṛuman, imi ur d-yettwaru wacemma Yef lexṣ̣ara-nsen ay d-yeglan s nnger n yidelsan-nsen. Maca ilsawen n yiYerfan n Temrikt, ay yerna Umenkud aspenyuli, jjan-d cchadat Yef way-n ay yekkan fell-asen. Deg wezgen wis sin n lqern wis 16, cwiṭṭ kan sdeffir ma kecmen Yespenyuliyen Yer Mexico, Agmat Bernardino de Sahagún yejmee-d ay-n umi qqaren ass-a Ammud n Firenze, d cchada anda ay yesdukkel timucuha s tnahuatlt (d iles n Waztikiyen iqburen, mazal ssawalen-t deg Miksik) ed tugniwin (tteṣ̣wirat) ay d-yesskanen timetti ed yedles n Waztikiyen sdat ad ten-id-kecmen Yespenyuliyen. Cchada tis snat d tin ay d-nufa deg Lienzo de Tlaxcala, d ammud ay d-yejmee yiwen n wemsahar (métis) isem-nnes Diego Muñoz de Camargo, yerna cchada-a d tin ay yettruẓun tamezwarut-nni, imi ay-n ay d-iḥekku Muñoz de Camargo yebna-t Yef tekla (peintures) ay d-gan lejdud-nnes – ihaggaren (nobles) n Tlaxcala – ay d-iweṣ̣fen amek ay d-yewweḍ Hernán Cortés ed wamek ay teYli Tenochtitlan, tamaneYt n Umenkud Aztiki, tin ay hudden yimaslaken (conquérants) ispenyuliyen yerna bnan deg wemkan-nnes tamdint n Mexico. Deg tallit-nni, Tlaxcala tella d taxṣ̣imt n Umenkud Aztiki n Tenochtitlan, yerna asmi ay yewweḍ Cortés Yer Miksik, Tlaxcala teawen-it akk-n ad yerẓ Tenochtitlan, maca imezdaYen n Tlaxcala ur faqen asmi ay gan ay-a xedeen ula d iman-nsen, imi Amenkud Aspenyuli ay d-ilulen s uYelluy n Tenochtitlan, yerra seddaw n uzaglu-nnes akk iYerfan ineṣ̣liyen wuYur yekcem – ama d wid yellan d imeddukkal, neY d wid yellan iedawen n Uqacuc Aspenyuli, yerna ay-a yessaweḍ-iten armi ay qrib sṛuḥen akk idelsan ed yilsawen-nsen.
Ass-a, tazmert n Umenkud (Empire) tella gar yifassen n Yiwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt, yerna iles-nnes unṣ̣ib d tanglizit. Tanglizit, am wakk ilsawen n yimenkuden, tettḥettim-d lqanun-nnes Yef medden. Anekcum n tanglizit Yer waṭas n tmura ed tmiwa yessaweḍ aṭas n medden ad sṛuḥen ilsawen ay yes ssawalen yal ass, neY Yas kra ur ten-sṛuḥen, atni la tteddun Yer way-nni. Filippin ed Puerto Rico d sin kan n yimedyaten (lemtul) gar wiyaḍ. Deg Tefriqt n ddaw n Uneẓruf (Ṣṣ̣eḥra), cciea n tkellax ay yettunefken i tanglizit, tafṛensist, tapuṛtugalit ed yilsawen n teYwalt (communication) ay yessawal umur ameqran deg medden deg kra seg tmura-a d ay-n ay d-igellun s nnger n yiwen n yiles aneṣ̣li yal snat n ledwaṛ, Yef leḥsab n UNESCO.
D tidet, deg tallit-a ay deg yessefk ad tili teYwalt (communication) gar yemdanen ed tmura n umaḍal akk, ma sean yemdanen yiwen n yiles ara yessifessen tamussni gar-asen ur yelli d ay-n n diri, maca iles-a yezmer ad yeqqel yettḍurru ma yella yessawaḍ tasnakta (idéologie) ara t-id-yesseknen yif yerna yugar ilsawen niḍen, ama s tmeemada neY ala, yerna iḥeqqer ilsawen niḍen ay yellan ”seddaw n tecḍaḍt”-nnes, meḥsub akk ilsawen niḍen. Tikerrist n temYer (complexe de supériorité) ay itteddun dima ed kra n yiles n umenkud (empire) neY iles ay yeqqnen Yer kra n umenkud teẓẓa deg wul n yiles-nni, ur yezmir ad yemsefraq yid-s, yerna ula d imeYnasen yessawalen s tanglizit yerna ttnaYen i lmend n umaḍal yifen win n wass-a, tikkwal ttxemmimen iles-nsen yif wiyaḍ : ala aḥric d amecṭuḥ mliḥ seg way-n ay nettaf deg yimediaten-nsen (médias) ay d-yettussuqqlen seg yilsawen yellan ”seddaw tecḍaḍt” n tanglizit, wanag amur ameqran deg way-n d-ssuffuYen yettwaru s tanglizit deg laṣ̣el-nnes, ur s kra n yiles niḍen. Ay-n ay d-yettwarun s tanglizit yerna ssuqqulen-t-id Yer yilsawen niḍen yugar s waṭas ay-n ay d-yettwarun s yilsawen niḍen yerna yettussuqqul-d Yer tanglizit. Aql-aY neḍlem akk imi ay neqbel ad yeqqim lbaṭel am wa armi d ass-a.
Tlaxcala d aẓeḍḍa n yemsuqqlen ay iqeddcen i lmend n uṭṭuqqet n yilsawen. Aẓeḍḍa-a ilul-d i wakk-n ad yerr tajmilt ass-a i ddula ed temdint n Tlaxcala ay yeYlin Yef ljal n tuccḍa ay tga, asmi ay tga laman deg umenkud –win n Yespenyuliyen - akk-n ad nnaYen mgal n umenkud niḍen iḍeefen – win n Nahua -, maca armi ay ieedda lawan ay ukin ed tuccḍa-nsen, ukin yiwen ur yessefk ad yeg laman deg yimenkuden – akk-n bYun ilin – imi ay sseqdacen wid yellan seddaw n tecḍaḍt-nsen d allal kan i wakk-n ad ssiwḍen Yer yeswan-nsen. Imsuqqlen igraYlanen n Tlaxcala ttnadin ad ṣ̣eḥḥen tuccḍa n Tlaxcala, tin ay d-yeglan s nnger-nnes, Yef way-nni ay fkan isem n ddula-a i uẓeḍḍa-nsen.
Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala ttamnen s lḥeqq ay sean Wiyaḍ akk-n ad ilin, ttamnen yessefk ad nefhem timuYliwin n wiyaḍ, yerna i lmend n way-a ay qeddcen i wakk-n ad kksen ḍḍabee-nni n umenkud (empire) ay tesea tanglizit, s s tsuqqilt n way-n d-ttarun yimura (écrivains), idemmayen (penseurs), ifeYlayen (caricaturistes) ed yimeYnasen (militants) s yilsawen ur ten-yejji yiles n umenkud ad d-banen. Iḍrisen (textes) n wi akk ad d-ttussuqqlen Yer wakk ilsawen wuYur nezmer ad ten-id-nessuqqel (ula d tanglizit), yerna imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala ad jjen wid ur nessawal tanglizit ad ssnen ay-n d-ttarun wid yessawalen s tanglizit maca rran-ten deg rrif, ur yettwassen way-n d-uran neY yeweeṛ akk-n t-id-afen medden.
Tanglizit, Yas teqqel d iles n ussiweḍ n tmussni i deg umaḍal akk yerna zuna tettgensis-d (représenter) amaḍal-a s lekmal-nnes, timYur tezmert-nnes armi ay teqqel tettbeddil yerna tneYY ṛṛuḥ n yilsawen ed yidelsan niḍen war ma tcaweṛ imawlan-nsen. Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala umnen nezmer ad nernu wid yeṭṭfen awal yerna ugin ad as-brun yerna ssaramen ad sneqsen seg ljehd n taYect n wid ur nejji tuYac n yilsawen niḍen ad d-banent s werfad n taYect n yineggura-a, i wakk-n amaḍal-a ur tettili yiwet kan n tezmert ara t-iḥekmen, wanag aṭas, yerna ur yessawal s yiwen kan n yiles, wanag s waṭas n yilsawen, i wakk-n aṭṭuqqet n tzemmar ed yilsawen ad yili am uṭṭuqqet n leṣ̣naf n yimexluqen imuddiren deg umaḍal.
Llsas ay teḍfer Tlaxcala n wextiri n yeḍrisen (textes) d win ay ibedden Yef wazalen n TseYrut TagraYlant n Yizerfan n Wemdan, d tin iqeddcen i lmend n uqader ikemlen n yizerfan ed wazal n wemdan. Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala zgan-d mgal n leeqliyya taserdasit (militaire), mgal n temnukda (impérialisme) yerna mgal n ussemḍel ”anyulibiṛali” (mondialisation ”néolibérale”). Ssaramen seg wul ad tili talwit gar wakk ilsawen ed yidelsan yerna akk-n ma llan ad ilin eedlen. Ur ttamnen s wemyewwat gar tYermiwin wala s ṭṭrad-a amnukdan (impérialiste) mgal n rrebrab ay Yef d-ssawalen kra ass-a. Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala zgan-d mgal n temsirit (racisme) ed lebni n leṣ̣war ed ẓẓrubat n trisiti – ama d wid n tidet neY d wid n yiles – ur nettajja imdanen ed yilsawen n umaḍal ad wliwlen s tlelli. Ttnadin ad snernin aeuzzu, asteeṛef ed uqader n Wayeḍ, yerna bYan ur yettili Wayeḍ-nni d taYawsa n Umezruy (ttarix) wanag ad yeqqel d win ay yettekkayen deg tlalit n Umezruy, d win ay ieedlen ed win ay t-yettarun. Leqdic n yemsuqqlen n Tlaxcala d win yellan d awizi (bénévole), ttgen-t baṭel. Akk tisuqqilin ay ttgen wid yettekkan deg Tlaxcala zemren ad tent-awin medden, ad tent-id-ssuffYen anda ay asen-yehwa ma yella ur tent-sseqdacen i ussekcem n yedrimen, maca yessefk ad d-bedren seg wansi ay ten-id-wwin ed wanwa ay tent-yuran.
A imsuqqlen n wakk ilsawen, qqnem-d yid-neY tasem-d ad neddukkel ! Inedbalen n yideggen (webmasters) ed yemttekkiyen n yeblugen (blogs) n wakk timuYliwin, ay yeddan ed way-n nebYa ed way-n ay aY-iceYben, arum-aY-d !
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Maci s zzheṛ kan ay nefren ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ akk-n ad yili d ass n ussuffeY n Teskint-nneY. Deg yiseggasen n 1950, 1960 ed 1970, 21 Fuṛaṛ yella d ass amaḍlan (mondial) mgal n temharsa (colonialisme) ed temnukda (impérialisme).
”Win ay yessutturen, deg wakal-nnes, ala ciṭṭ-nni n wakal ay deg ara as-Yzen i temḍelt-nnes, winna yuklal ad as-nsel, ad as-nḥesses, yerna yuklal ad neg laman deg way-n d-yeqqar”. Augusto Cesar Sandino yettwanYa de wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ, 1934, deg Nicaragua, s lameṛ n Somoza, win yellan itteddu ad yeqqel d asnaraf (dictateur) n tmurt-a. Medden semman-as i Sandino : Ajiniṛal n Yemdanen Ilelliyen, yerna Yef leḥsab n leequdat n lehna ay yestenya yiwen wass sdat ad yemmet, yeqbel ad yejbed iman-nnes Yer yiwet n tenmiragt (coopérative) n yifellaḥen, deg ugafa (nord) n Nicaragua.
Ass-a, Sandino yeqqel d netta ay d tala n tfernant (patriotisme) n Yinikaṛagwiyen, yerna d netta ay d azamul n nnif n tmurt-nsen, d win ay yennuYen yerna yebded deg wudem n yiserdasen (leeskeṛ) imarikaniyen ay d-yegren iman-nsen deg tmurt-nnes yerna ṭṭfen-tt. Sandino yella d imḍebber n ”Yigen [armée] n Temḥaddit n Lḥeṛma n Tmurt”, d igen ay d-ijemeen ifellaḥen ed yiqeddacen ay yennuYen mgal n temnukda (impérialisme) ed tesnaraft (dictature) s yijenwiyen, dduzan n leqdic, ibeckiḍen iṣ̣edden ed lbumbat ay d-gan s tebwaḍin n uqezdir yeccuṛen d iẓra ed yiceqqufen n wuzzal. Iserdasen-nnes qrib ssawḍen ad d-sseYlin ula d ṛṛublanat n weedaw s yeẓra, maca ay-n yugaren akk ay-a netta imenYi-nsen gan-t s tuṭṭfa deg wazalen-nsen ed leḥmala tameqrant ay ḥemmlen tamurt-nsen, Yas kkan-d Yef yiberdan iweeṛen, ed tiytiwin n yiserdasen inikaṛagwiyen yeddukklen ed yigen amarikani – imi iserdasen imarikaniyen sqedcen wid n Nicaragua, yerna igen amarikani i yiman-nnes kan yella yejhed ahat meyya n tikkal ugar win n yigen n Sandino. Asmi ay yebded Yer yidis n yiẓawaliyen ed wid umi ccan tadwin-nsen deg Nicaragua ed Temrikt Talatinit, Sandino yessken-d, yerna s tirrugza, amek ay zemren yifellaḥen ad d-snekren ed ad ssuddsen (oragniser) imenYi i wakk-n ad bedden deg wudem n lbaṭel ed ad ssiwḍen Yer uzarug (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen.
Deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1944, mi d-ukin kan yimezdaYen n Paris, ufan-d inazalen (affiches) izewwaYen ay d-yettxebbiren s tmenYiwt n 23 n ”yirebraben” : deg tidet, imdanen-a llan d imaslaḍen (membres) n Francs-Tireurs et Partisans - Main-d'ouvre Immigrée de Paris [FTP-MOI], d yiwet seg tuddsiwin (organisations) timezwura ay ibedden deg wudem n Yinaziyen asmi ay d-kecmen Yer wakal n Fṛansa. Imḍebber n terbaet-a, Missak Manouchian, d Aṛmini n 36 n yiseggasen, ay d-imeneen seg Ussenger n Waṛminiyen deg Tteṛk, yerna yella d iminig deg Fṛansa. Mi akk-n ay ieedda deg deg ccṛee n yiserdasen (leeskeṛ) inaziyen, ixabiten-nni Ifṛensisen luqben-t, nnan-as ”a amitak” [d tisellqebt ay yes ttlaqaben ibeṛṛaniyen], maca Manouchian yerra-asen : ”Kenwi d awṛat kan ay d-tweṛtem taYlent (nationalité) tafṛensist, wanag nekk uklaleY-tt”.
Deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1952, d luluf n yinelmaden, aggagen (intellectuels) ed yiqeddacen ay d-yennejmaeen deg Dhaka, ay yellan imir-nni d tamaneYt n Pakistan Tacerqit, tin yeqqlen ass-a d Bangladesh, i wakk-n ad d-sseknen tigin-nsen imi Pakistan tḥettem-d turdut (ourdou) d nettat kan ay d iles aYelnaw awḥid i wakk Ibengaliyen. Mi akk-n ay eerḍen yinelmaden ad ddun, imsulta (ibulisen) qerrsen yerna nYan ṛebea seg-sen ass-nni, ed rnan nYan, ma ulac, sebea niḍen deg sin-nni wussan ay d-iḍefren. Amussu-a (mouvement) yeqqel yegla-d s tnekra n wegdud s lekmal-nnes yerna ay-a yessaweḍ armi ay temsebḍa Bangladesh Yef Pakistan, deg 1971, sdeffir n tedyanin n ccwal ay deg Pakistan teereḍ ad tesseqdec assizeg n weYref (épuration ethnique) ed tga i lmend n way-a kra seg tYawsiwin tucmitin akk deg lqern wis eecrin, s ueiwen n uselway amarikani n yimir-nni, Nixon. Seg yimir-nni, qqlen yimezdaYen n Bangladesh ttarran tajmilt i way-n umi qqaren Ekushey, Ass n YimeYrusen (ccuhada), yal aseggas deg wass 21 Fuṛaṛ, d ass ay deg tteahaden iman-nsen akk-n ad gen leqrar i tgemmi (patrimoine) tameṛkantit n yiles abengali (awal n Ekush lmeena-s 21, ma Ekushey lmeena-s Wis 21). Deg useggas n 2000, UNESCO terra ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ d Ass AgraYlan n Yiles Ayemmat (langue maternelle), akk-n ad rren tajmilt i umussu ay d-inekren deg Bangladesh. (Yettwarna deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 2009).
”Yewweḍ-d lawan n yimeYrusen (ccuhada), yerna ma yella ula d nekk ad iliY d yiwen seg-sen, ay-a ad yili i lmend n tegmat, yerna d tagmat kan ay izemren ad d-tessukkes tamurt-a”. D wi ay d awalen ineggura ay d-yenna Malcolm X sdat ad t-nYen deg yiwet n temlilit deg Harlem, deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1965. Wid ay t-yenYan d 3 n yemdanen yettekkan deg tuddsa (organisation) n Nation of Islam, d tuddsa ay seg yeffeY Malcolm deg 1963 i wakk-n ad d-yessebded Tuddsa n Tdukli Tafriqit-Tamarikanit. Deg Yebrir 1966, wid ay t-yenYan ḥekmen-asen s lḥebs s teYzef n tudert, maca wid ay iḍebbren deg tmenYiwt-nnes – Imḍebbren n Umenkud (empire) – akk-n tḍerru s umata, yiwen ur ten-ieaqeb.
Malcolm X, win yettwassnen daYen s yisem n El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, isem-nnes aneṣ̣li netta d Malcolm Little. Yella yesea 39. Sdat ad yemmet, yedda Yer Mekka akk-n ad d-iḥijj, dYa din ay yessen tamYreḍt (universalité) mi akk-n ay yemlal ed lḥejjaj ay d-yusan seg yal ljens. Yiwet seg ssebbat ay t-yejjan ad yemsebḍu ed tuddsa n Nation of Islam netta d asmi ay yeẓra tuddsa-a tella tetteddu akk-n ad temciweṛ ed tuddsa n Ku Klux Klan i wakk-n iberkanen ad d-sbedden ddula deg wenẓul n Yiwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt, swaswa kan akk-n iga win ay d-yesbedden taṣ̣ehyunit, Theodor Herzel, asmi ay yessutter seg yimeqranen akk seg gar wid ikeṛhen Udayen akk-n ad t-eawnen deg leqdic-nnes i lmend n ussebded n ddula tudayt. Malcolm ur yelli yezmer ad yeqbel ameiwen am wa, ladYa imi baba-s s timmad-nnes d Ku Klux Klan ay t-yenYan.
Deg wass-a n wesmekti, neezem ad nessers Tlaxcala seddaw n tejmilt ed yiseY n tlata-a n yimeYnasen (militants) ay yennuYen akk-n ad d-rren azal i yiYerfan (ccueub), Augusto Cesar Sandino, Missak Manouchian ed Malcolm X.
Deg tallunt (espace) n Internet, ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ, 2006
Wid yestenyan :
ALMENDRAS Nancy Harb
ANGUIANO Rocío
DÍEZ LERMA José Luis
GIUDICE Fausto
HAUN Agatha
HIRSCHMUGL Eva
JUÁREZ POLANCO Ulises
KALVELLIDO Juan
MANNO Mauro
MARTÍNEZ, Miguel
MOUFFOK Omar
NOZAL, Abbé
PÁRAMO Ernesto
RIZZO Mary
SANCHIS Carlos
TALENS Manuel
TARRADELLAS Àlex
VITTORELLI Manuela
Taskint s yilsawen niḍen :
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