Argan
Iga Wargan (s tfinaɣ: ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ) yan wanaw n taddagin n tawja n Sapotaceae. Anaw ad ur illi abla ɣ tsgwin n Sus d Iḥaḥan ɣ iffus utrim n Lmɣrib, yili s yan wuṭṭun idrusn ɣ tsgwin yaḍnin d ɣ tsga n tinduf ɣ tmazirt n Dzayr ula nttat[1][2]. Ism nns ussnan iga-tt Argania spinosa. Ar nttini Argan ula i zzit nna d zigs iṭṭay ufgan.
Argan ila bahra atig ɣ dar iclḥiyn, ar d akkʷ ig kra n twal tamatart nnsn, d tin tmazirt nnsn. Llan tugt n warratn ar aɣ malln masd taddagt ad dars atig d tstuyhma bahra dar ufgan, s umdya dar Ibn Al-Baytar ɣ tasut tiss X, d Al Bakri ɣ tasut tiss XI, d Al Idrissi ɣ tasut tiss XII, d Lyun Afriqi ɣ tasut tiss XVI.[3]
Taddagt n wargan tga tt Targant. Tlla Targant 8 ar 10 m ɣ tattuyt, d ar ttidir 200 n usggas.
Tga nn yunisku targant ɣ talistt nns n taysi tamaḍlant (World Heritage List) ɣ usggʷas n 1999.
Iḍṛiṣn n ayt tmazirt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Afars n zzit wargan[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Illa wargan ɣ Iḥaḥan, illa ɣ tmazirt n Cyaḍma, illa ɣ tmazirt n Sus. Ur a ittiẓẓaw wargan sad lli ittmɣay ɣ tmazirt lli ɣ illa. Iɣ d imɣi ar ittgga tagwntaft; iɣ idda ar da ittaru ar ittgga targant. Ifrawn nns zund wi n ṛṛman, akccuḍ nns iga zund wi n lmcmac; ilin gis isnnann, ar ittgga ssjrt idrkn ; ar tdrak ɣ illa wakal ifulkin ittilin amazir ; ɣ illi ur illi wakal ar ittmẓẓi ; ar ittili ɣ imudal ; ar gis ittimɣur ar gis ittmẓẓi, ur kulli igi yan.
Ɣ uktubr a ɣ illa lxlf ɣ wargan, ɣ nuwambir ar iskar ajddig nns. Ajddig nns ar ittgga zund win zzit, ar ittimlul. Iɣ idda ar d iluḥ ajddig ar iskar kra n uḥbub, ar as nttini : ‘‘Ibiyyn wargan aḥbub nns.’’ Iɣ idda ar d ibiyyn aḥbub nns ar ittkka lqadara n yan wayyur ar iskar agwmmu. Iɣ idda ar d igummi ar ittgga blẓiẓ. Ablẓiẓ ar ittgga zund lmcmac; iɣ idda ar d inu, ar ittgga zund tiyni, ar as nttini afiyyac.
Iɣ idda ar d ig afiyyac ar iṭṭar s ddu ssjrt nns, ar ittili lbriḥ ɣ tmazirt, ar ttinin : ‘‘Hann argan iḍr, hann illa ugdal ; lbahim, ad ur ftunt s tagant ula izgarn, ula ulli, ula ireman, illa ugdal. Iɣ nn nufa lbahim n kra ɣ tagant, hann wa lli imqqurn ɣ tgwdzit n kra ha ittyaɣras !’’
Lqaeida n ugdal, ar as ttbṛṛmnt tikrkurin bac ad ssnn mddn is illa ugdal. Ass nna ira irẓm ugdal, ar ittili lbriḥ, ar ttinin : ‘‘Hann agwdal irẓm !’’
Ar fttunt tmɣarin ula lḥcum ula irgazn, ar grrun afiyyac; ar t id ttggan ɣ taryilin, ɣ a ttgrrun ar t id ttasin ar yan lmude iedln, ffin t gis, skrn gis agudi ; ar ass nna kullu t gwran, ar ttggan ifrig n ugudi ad ur lkmnt lbahim. Wan dar ur illi wargan, ar igrru ɣaylli nn iqaman ɣ ssjrt nɣ ɣ ddu ssjrt.
Targant nna illan ɣ usulil ur stt ttḥkamn mddn a stt grun, ar srs aqqlaynt lbahim ar stt grrunt ; iɣ ddant lbahim ar d ulsunt ɣ tuẓẓumt n uzal ar sgluliynt uẓlim lli illan ɣ udis nnsnt. Uẓlim ann lli sgluliynt ar t smunan, ar t id ttezaln waḥdut, acku illa gis wargan ifulkin, yuf walli yaḍni cfiyyacn mddn, ar gis ttili tujjut iedln iqwa bahra ; ɣikann a f a t id ttezaln.
Ar d ttawin mddn lbahim s dar ugudi n ufiyyac lli illan ɣ tagant, ar t id ttemmarn ɣ icwariyn, asin t f iggi lbahim, ar t id ttawin s tgmmi, ar t inn gis srusn. Ass nna kmmln s usatti, ar t sfiycnsuẓṛu, ezln gis alig s yat tsga, uẓlim s yat tsga. Alig ar t sttan izgarn ula ireman ; uẓlim ar t ttrragn s uẓṛu. Iɣ idda ar t rgin, ar grrun tiẓnin nns ɣ tuẓẓumt n yirgn; irgn ar tn ttggan i lefiyt ; tiẓnin n wargan ar tnt slaynt ɣ unxdam illa ɣ iggi lefiyt. Iɣ dda ar t slint, ar tnt ttffint ɣ tsggwit, asin tnt s uzrg n tẓnin, ẓḍin tnt, iẓiḍ nns iga zund askkif, ar as nttini amlu n tẓnin n wargan (acku illa umlu n tẓnin n lluz) ; amlu ar nn ittffi ɣ tqṣriyt n iẓmi. Iɣ t ẓmmant s ifassn nnsnt ar as ttggnt imikik n waman ; luwl nns ar ittgga zund tiwxsas ; iɣ d idda ar d imun, ar ittgga zund lejin.
Hatinn akud ann a iẓma. Ar ttasint tazgmmut, ar gis skarnt ɣ uncka n twullit, ẓmnt, srsnt, asin d argan ar t id ttggant ɣ kra n txsayt n wargan. Tazgmmut ar stt akkan i ireman nɣ izgarn ɣ luqt n tyyuga ; ireman ar stt sttan ɣ llyali acku tlla gis nnfiet.
Tiwizi n ufiyyac. Iɣ ra ttgrun mddn, wa lli dar iggut ufiyyac ar ittellam s twizi n ufiyyac ar ittili ugri nns. Iɣ idda ar d ili ugri nns, ar gis ttilint lquwt n tmɣarin d lḥcum ; ifrḥ srsnt bab n wargan ; iɣ ddant ar d ulsunt, ar asnt yakka amttcu iggutn. Ass nna kmmlnt ar tnt ittelam, ar asnt ittini : ‘‘Hann i Ṛbbi llant dari tmrragin !’’ Iɣ llant tmrragin ar gis ttilint tmɣarin ggutnin ; iɣ ddant ar d ackint s tigmmi, ar ittili lfrḥ d tɣurit ; ar ttinin mddn : ‘‘Ma illan dar flan ɣassa ?’’ ‘‘Llant dars timrragin n uẓlim.’’ Kra gisnt ar irrag, kra ar istay tiẓnin zɣ yirgn, kra gisnt ar islay tiẓnin ɣ unxdam ; iɣ ddant ar tnt slint ar tnt ttffint ɣ tsggwit ; yat yaḍni gisnt ar tnt tẓẓaḍ ɣ uzrg n tẓnin ; ar nn tsmday taqṣriyt yiẓmi i imi n uzrg n tẓnin ar d gis iṭṭar umlu, ar tẓẓaḍ ; yat yaḍni ar tẓmma ; iɣ tẓmma ar tskar lfsis zɣ wargan lli zwarn i tmrragin ; ikann a igan lqaeida n tmrragin.
Afars n Amlu[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Argan iɣ imk ijwajjg ar as nttini iskr ajdur. Iɣ iḍhṛ warraw nns, ar as nttini aɣray. Iɣ imqquṛ, micc imllul sul, ar as nttini ẓṛgmmu. Iɣ iwrraɣ, inu, ar as nttini bilẓiẓ. Iɣ yasus, iqqaṛ, ar as nttini tifiyyict.
Iɣ gwran mddn tifiyyict, sfiyycn tt, tg alig d waqqayn, grun aqqayn, fkin alig i laksab : izgarn d iṛeman d wulli. Isrdan d iɣwyal d yisan ur a cttan alig acku iḥṛṛa. Asin d aqqayn lli, rgin tn zund lluz d lgrgae, gin irgn d tiẓnin. Irgn, ar srsn ssrɣan lefiyt ; tiẓnin ar tnt sslayn ɣ ufllun zund tirufin, ẓḍin tnt ɣ uzrg zund lluz d lgrgae, gin amlu zund lejin lli ɣ a iskar ucffaj ccfnj, ar t ẓmmant tmɣarin. Manik a ys skarnt ? Ar as ttgant imikk n waman, ar t rwwint s ifassn nnsnt imikk n tssaet, gint as daɣ imikk n waman, ar t daɣ rwwint ɣik lli, ɣik lli ar kiɣ iẓli wargan, tẓli tzgmut ; tazgmut ann tga zund tummit n lejin lli bahra iddzn, ar sis ttelafn mddn laksab nna ra ad ṣḥun, tṣaṛea (tḍaṛea, tɣlb, tuf) kra s a ittelaf yan ɣ tmẓin ula asngar. Argan ar t ttggan mddn ɣ kra n ufcku iɣusn, ar sis ttsɣɣan tiram nnsn zund zzit d wudi, ar sis ssnwan tifiyyi, ar sis ẓẓɣurnt tmɣarin tikwyaḍ nnsnt (icukak nnsnt, iguyya nnsnt) ar sis ssrɣan mddn lqndil.
Tggut bahra nnfiet n wargan : akccuḍ nns iga asrɣu, iga azzgr n lbnya ; ayyawn d ifrawn nns gan asfrd i lksibt : iṛeman d wulli, lɣayr nnsn uhu ; tifiyyict nns llan gis iqaṛiḍn, wa nna ra stt izznz ɣikann, icfiyyc tt, ifk agalim (alig) i laksab ; irgn asrɣuilefiyt, tiẓnin ttiwẓḍint, ittiwẓmi umlu ; tazgmut i laksab ; argan at t ccin mddn nɣ t zznzan ; ar ittiwskir ṣṣabun ɣ wargan ; ur illi ccubuh nns (iga luhman).
Lluz d ntta d lgrgae ar tn rragn mddn ; wanna t izznz hatinn, wa nna ur iran icc t ɣikann nɣ t iẓḍa, ig amlu ar t ictta d uɣṛum ntta d yan d sis yiwi lḥal. Iɣ rat t ẓḍin ar t sslayn zund tirufin ar t ẓẓaḍn ɣ uzrg, ar nn fllas ttffin argan ɣ ttiṭṭ n uzrg fad a iẓḍ, iɣ as t ur gan ur ra iẓḍ, ar ittettɣway ɣ uzrg.
Tizi n Tafiyyuct[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tafiyyuct. Luqt n tfiyyuct ar ttbṛṛaḥn mddn is qqnn tafiyyuct ar kiɣ kullu tasus, tqqaṛ ɣ wakal. Acku iɣ tt ur qqinn ɣikad kulmma d iḍṛn ɣ wargan ḥawẓen t mddn, swa tga ti nnsn swa uhu. ɣakudann wa nna ittyamaẓn ar yakka linṣaf. Kud nna tqquṛ bṛṛḥn is tt rẓmn. Kuyan iddu s warginn nns, ar tt grrun, ar tt ttxzann ɣ iḥuna, ar tt sfiyyucn kra s kra, ar rragn aqqayn, sslin tiẓnin, ẓḍin tnt, ẓmin amlu, ẓlin argan d tzgmmut, ar cttan argan, ar akkan tazgmmut i lbhaym nnsn
Ɣaylli d itciḍn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Nttat a ɣ a skarn middn lidam lli mu ttinin ɣ lmudun zzit argan, ar tt grrun id bab nns iɣ sul tga tafyyuct izgzawn, sɣrn tt ɣ iggi izurn ar kiɣ tqquṛ, sfiyycen tt, ar as ttkkisn ilm nns lli mu ism agalim. Iɣ tt sfiyycn rgin gis aqqayn nns. Iɣ tn rgan grun gisn tiẓnin. Iɣ tnt grun qqaman irgn. Amma agalim ar t akkan i ireman d wulli, acku ar tn bahhra ittnnfeu iɣ t ccan ; amma irgn ar srsn ssrɣan lefit. Amma tiẓnin, ar tnt ẓẓaḍn, gint amlu ; amẓn amlu yann, skrn as kra n lḥilt, ar kud nna imun, ẓmin t. Iɣ t ẓman iffɣ d gis lidam, ukwan tagur nn aɣar tzgmmut ; lidam ar t nctta zud zzit d wudi ; tazgmmut ann ar gis skarn tiebbad, ar kud nna tqquṛ. Ar tt akkan i iṛeman d lbhaymn. Iga leada n yayt udrar, ar skarn lbsis ɣ wargan lli nn iggwran ɣ uqṣṛi nna ɣ ẓman tiẓnin, ar gis skarn tiebbad, ukwan ar t aṭṭan i ɣwi nna llanin ɣ tgmmi ; ar daɣ aṭṭan iebbad n tzgmmut lli beḥḥra iẓman, ar tt ssumumn s imawn nnsn, ar gis skarn tagwḍit ɣ tuẓẓumt nns, ukwan ar tt inn ẓmman s ifassn nnsn ɣ imawn nnsn.
Aglam[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tlla targant gr 8 ar 10 m ɣ tattuyt. tẓḍar ad tidir gr 150 ar 200 usggwas. Imikk ɣ tsga n tinduf ɣ tmazirt n Dzayr, yili ula ɣ ayt iznasn ɣ rrif yili daɣ imikk ɣ tmazirt n Zɛir ɣ zmmur.
Isaɣuln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ ( fr ) « Arganeraie ::: floraquebeca » ɣ www.floraquebeca.qc.ca(ittuyzra ass n 12 nuwanbir 2019)
- ↑ ( fr ) Réda Kechaïri et Abdoun Fatiha, décembre 2013 Les essais pilotes de regeneration artificielle de l'arganier a Tindouf en Algerie
- ↑ Zɣ Wikipidya Tafransist : Wikipedia : Arganier
Iɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Stroomer, The argan tree and its Tashelhiyt Berber lexicon (targant d umawal nns amaziɣ aclḥiy) (alink)
- M'hirit, L'arganier : une espèce fruitière-forestière à usages multiples (alink)
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282151716_Characterizations_of_Rif's_Argan_tree_in_North_of_Morocco
- http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue
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