Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (Taṭalyanit: leo 'nardo di, sɛr' pjɛ:ro da (v)'vintʃi]; 14/15 abril 1452 - 2 mayyu 1519), ittwassen s Leonardo da Vinci, ikka-t-inn iga yan ugtusnak awṭalyan iddren g tleslalit, iruran taynit ɣer kigan n yigran zun d unuɣ, taklut, "sculpture", tasedga, tussna, aẓawan, tusnakt, tajenyurit, tasekla, "anatomie", tusnakalt, tasnallunt, tasnemɣit, "paléontologie", d "cartographie". Ikka-t-inn Leonardo da ittiri ad yisin akkʷ mayd illan ɣef ugama, ad yisin man imek s da teswurri ku taɣawsa, ikka-t-inn awed iḥrec bahra g tiɣri, adiẓayen d usgadda n kraygatt asekkin.
Da ttannayen kigan n medden Leonardo mas iga yan seg yimeklawen akkʷ ixatren g umezruy, wiyyaḍ da t-ttannayen amm wadda yufen akkʷ. Tenna fell-as tamussnawt n umezruy n tẓuri Helen Gardner mas jjin ur ikki mayd t-irwasen, acku ikka-t-inn da iggar taynit-nnes ɣer ugudi n tɣawsiwin amm is ur ili anelli-nnes iwetta. Ar tizi-ad nit, ur ta jju nessin amya ɣef man imek tga "caractère"-nnes g wussan-nnes.
Ilul-d ammas n Vinci, yan yiɣrem imeẓẓin d-yusan tama n Flurinsa, Ṭṭalyan. ittuselɣam ɣef ufus n umsefris d umekla Andrea del Verrocchio afadd imɣur d anaẓur, izzri tudert-nnes s umata-nnes, da iswuri dig-s ɣur yitsen yiristuqraṭiyen iṭalyanen ɣur illa labas. Iseggʷasen-nnes ineggura, idder g yat taddart iẓilen nna as-ifka ugellid n Fṛansa.
Da tettawḥsabent snat g tugniwin-nnes ɣef tugniwin akkʷ ɣur illa waddur g umaḍal, tugniwin-ad, ad tent-igan d Mona Lisa d The last supper (Imensi aneggaru), issufeɣ allu agudi n wunuɣen, yan ittawssanen dig-sen kigan amm Vitruvian Man (Argaz Awvitruv). G umata n tikkal, ikka-t-inn Leonardo da iswingim dima g yisennulfuten imaynutnin, ilin yid-s bedda kra n walugen g ittzemmam akkʷ unuɣen d tektiyin-nnes, amata g yisennulfuten-nnes ur yad ten-ismed. Ad seg-sen naf kra n tektiyin zun d "hélicoptère", "tank", tamsiḍent, "parachute", aṛubu, atilifun, tiẓri n tneflit d "énergie solaire".
Tudert-nnesEdit
Timẓi-nnes, 1452-1466Edit
Ilul-d Leonardo ass n 15 abril 1452, g yat teɣremt tatuskanit n Vinci, g yiɣẓer n wasif Arnu, yura jedd-is Antonio da Vinci ifruriten n tlalit-nnes iddeɣ ta ur iwilen imarawen-nnes akud-nna, iga memmi-s n Ser Piero da Vinci, yan umsentam awflurintin igan anesbaɣur bahra, d Caterina, yat tmazzalt nna ɣef ggudiyen iwenniten d yid lbaṭel, illa mayd ittinin ɣif-s mas tt-inn-tekka tga yat twayya d-ikkan beṛṛa n tmazirt-nnsen, kra n wansa yaggugen amm Ccinwa neɣ Anẓul-Agmuḍan, yili daɣ mayd ittinin mas tt-inn-tekka ur tgi amer yat tmeẓluḍt ult tmazirt-nnsen nnit. D Leonardo, yasi-tt sul baba-s ikellef is-s, teddu yemma-s tiwel diɣ, turu semmus yicirran-yaḍnin. Isem-nnes ummid iga-t "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", isnamken "Leonardo, memmi-s n mass Pier u Vinci".
Izzri Leonardo semmus g yiseggʷasen-nnes imezwura akked yemma-s g yat taddart ilan yan wurti, fadd ilemma immutti ɣer Vinci izdeɣ dig-s akked baba-s d tmeṭṭut-nnes tis-snat Albiera, ilin id-sen ula id jedd-is d ɛemm-is Francesco. Ḍart mayd imeqqur Leonardo, ur bahra izemmim ɣef tamẓi-nnes amer yan sin yikettayen nna ẓlin, amezwaru dig-sen, llig iẓẓel yan wass beṛṛa ujguggel-nnes, iddu-d yan ugḍiḍ axatar ar ittaylal nnig-as isli-t s rric-nnes g wudem-nnes. Wis-sin ikettay-nnes ɣur illa uzal iga-t; llig ikka da issara g yan udrar yaf-nn yan yifri, d meqqar illa iggʷed ad yili kra n buxxu jaj-nnes, ur tt-tujji tdewwayt-ann-nnes ad nn ɣur-s ur igger aḍar ad nn-ikcem ifer isnubbec dig-s.
Astudyu n Verrocchio, 1466-1476Edit
Aseggʷas 1466, llig irgel Leonardo 14 useggʷas, yewwi-t baba-s ɣer Flurinsa, afadd ilemmed ɣur unaẓur Verrocchio.
Tekka-tt-inn tga Flurinsa yan udɣar isemmectagen ul n yan isul imeẓẓiy, innurez kra n wass ad yaɣul iga anaẓur, kkin-tt yad kigan d yinuẓar ttwassnen g temrawant n yid 1200 zun d Cimabue d Giotto, dinna ɣer ibeṛṛem yan iɣef-nnes qqad nn-yaf dig-s ifarsen iẓuranen ẓiln aha ttwassnen, ha takatidraliyt takeswatt s talqubbet-nnes tamaynut nna igan tabarawt, ha taglizt n ugʷrram John s tiggura-nnes n wureɣ da sfiqqisen, tili tama-nnes yat teglizt-yaḍen mi ssutulen wattayen-nnes isefrisen d-kkanin imsefrisen akkʷ ttwassnen zun d aselmad n Leonardo s yiɣef-nnes.
Anaẓur nna igan aleḥyan akud-ann, iga-t wadda yufan kra n umassaɣ i tfelwin-nnes, yan nna qad tent ɣur-s yawi s tuggedt-nnsent. Tawja akkʷ nna ibeɣren ammas n Flurinsa n uzemz-nna Medici ad tt-igan, nettni ad ɣur ikka ubergemmi akkʷ ifejjijen ammas n temdint-nna g llan, d iɛezz ɣur-sen ad ssaɣen tifelwin, isefrisen d yisekkinen-yaḍnin nna ẓilen, kkan-t-inn awed da ttraran taynit kiga ɣer tasekla d tfelsuft, kigan d inuẓar iɛerrimen g wakud nna, llan da ttnadsn ad ser-sen ruren ayt Medici d yimeddukkal-nnsen taɣwḍeft.
Ikka ɣur Verrocchio yan ustudyu imeqquren ur isalan, g ikka Leonardo da ittelmad tiɣarasin n tẓuri, imek nna maɣef ikka ɣif-s ccil ad ilmed unuɣ, taklut, asefres d umsudem. Maca g wakud igan yan, ilmed allu kraygatt tasugert tunfiɛt illan dinna, zun d takrura, tagemɣuzt, tagebbaṣt, tawuri n yilmawen, tamikanikt d tnesramt.
Ur id ɣas Leonardo i waḍu-nnes ad ikkan astudyu-nna, kkan-tt-inn amunen dig-s agudi n yimeklawen-yaḍnin, yili akkʷ dig-sen mayd yaɣulen ila ccenɛet nna imeqquren, zun d Ghirlandaio, Perugino d Botticelli. Inaẓuren-ad, ur ugiren Leonardo s wala n yiseggʷasen. Da ittales Giorgio Vasari yat tenfust ilan azal ɣef tizi-ad g tudert n Leonardo, mani da ikka Verrocchio ar ikellu yat tfelwit taxatart iqqnen ɣer wuddum (baptême) n umasiḥ, ifka-as i Leonardo tamehla n wad iklu yan g yineglusen nna d-yusan ɣef uẓelmaḍ-nnes. Inna Vasari mas tt-ikʷla Leonardo s yat tmamekt imek helli tfulki, isres d akkʷ Verrocchio taccita-nnes s yat teklit, ur jju d nettan ad sul ikʷlan kra g tudert-nnes. Mek igger yan s yan usmaqqel nna ineɣden, qenna ifrek yan i mas d Leonardo ayd ixedmen ula igezzumen-nna-nnes yaḍnin, zun d izṛan, amzaz aqehwi d ula tamuɣli-nnes n tɣʷrdin. Da ttalsen diɣ ɣef Leonardo mas isennulfa ɣif-s Verrocchio akud-nna yan usefris awbrunẓ i David, ixdem-t ɣef wudem-nnes.
Aseggʷas n 1472 amm yimek nna, ass-nna irgel 20 useggʷas, igula-nn Leonardo "Guild" n St Luke (Luke Agʷrram), yat tmaddast n yinaẓuren d yiḍukturen n tesnijjit, d meqqar issersel bba-nnes yan ustudyu nna igan winnes i yiɣef-nnes, iqquma Leonardo ɣur Verrocchio iddeɣ ɣurs-tɛezza tawuri dinna.
Tawuri nna akkʷ iqburen ɣur Leonardo, ɣef uyenna ittwassnen, d unuɣ n wasif Arnu ittawskaren s uɣanib, ittuzemmem ɣef usakud n 5 ɣuct 1473, yili dɣi g usefser n Uffinzi.
Tudert-nnes tazzulant, 1476-1499Edit
Adday da ittara Vasari ɣef Leonardo, da dig-s issemras itsen yiwaliwen zun d amɣar, amafkay, "gracieux" d ufalkay, da aɣ-issaweḍ Vasari mas t-inn-ikka Leonardo g tiɛɛurma-nnes, iga yan urgaz nna iɣezzifen iɣudan, ikka-t-inn awed idus kigan aha igeḍḍer, is akkʷ iɣey ad issefṛeɣ tisaliwin n yisan ɣas s yifassen-nnes qqurnin. Iẓil bahra umesli-nnes da itteftan yis-s wanna as helli isellan, isiggel kraygatt yan tiddukkla-nnes akud-ann. Ikka-t-inn iga yan umeccimɣan ɣur ɛezzan imudar, kra tikkal, da issaɣ igḍaḍ irẓem-asen ad ddun iberdan-nnsen, iddeɣ da ittiri ad ten-iseksiw g tlelli.
Ikka-t-inn Leonardo iga yan unaẓur ilan yat tmefkit taxatart, isennulfa aseggʷas 1482 yat "lyre" n uẓref (nnqeṛt) ɣef talɣa n yiɣef n wayyis, azemz g ikka yan unebbaḍ nna igan amaynu ammas n temdint n Milan agafa n Ṭṭalyan, iga s yisem Ludovico il Moro, yan uduk isqellaqen inebbaḍen-yaḍnin. Yuzen Lorenzo n ayt Medici Leonardo ɣer Milan amm umesqad-nnes afadd ifek i Ludovico Lyre-nna-nnes amn yat trezzift d-ikkan tixxutert-nnes. Yura Leonardo i uduk n Milan yat tebratt, da dig-s ittales akkʷ isekkinen-nna cwanin gin unfiɛnin, nna mi iɣey ad ten-issker, zun d asennulfu n tmakinin n yinaɣan. Yara-as allu s usegzel mas "issen awed iklu", ur akkʷ ikki dat-as g wakud-nna mas qqad ittwassen s usekkin-ad nnit s yiɣef-nnes. Iqquma Leonardo g Milan da iswurri ɣur uduk ger iseggʷasen n 1482 d 1499, ikka ɣur-s yan umur g twuri-nnes nna iẓlin ɣas s udiẓayen n "défilés" n tfugliwin d yid kaṛnabal, ttyafan ɣur-s awed g walugen-nnes kra n wunuɣen i tmelsa n tmezgunin, itsen yimsegdalen issebhaḍen d kra n yisinaryuten yallfus ad ilin assaɣ d umezgun.
Leonardo, zun d nettan zun d amata n yinaẓuren bahra ttwassnnen g uzemz-nnes, kkan-t-inn ɣur-s idsen yimazzalen g ustudyu-nnes, swa inelmaden iɛerrimen swa imawasen meqquren, ikka-t-inn yan g yinelmaden-nnes iga s yisem Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oren. Ikka-t-inn iga yan urba iɣudan iṭṭafen "curls" n wureɣ ɣezzifen aha fulkin. Da id-s ittas ad ig tamudemt n yineglusen ɣur yinaẓuren g wussan-nna. Maca iga awed yan uxendallas nna immran, ɣas "Salai" neɣ "Salaino" (isnamken "iblis ameẓyan") ayd as-iqqar Leonardo.
Yura Leonardo g walug-nnes ɣef Salai, mas t-inn-ikka iga yan uḍemmaɛ d yan bu tkerkas ur ilin anaw, d mas t-inn-ikka daɣ, dima da as-ittaker tiɣawsiwin-nnes g taddart, idder id-s ammas n uzedduɣ-nnes i 30 yiseggʷasen amm unelmad d umazzal-nnes.
Ayyis AxatarEdit
Afares n Leonardo akkʷ ilan atig akud-ann g uzemz n twuri ɣur Ludovico, iga-t asennulfu n yan usefris axatar ɣef talɣa n yan umnay nna issudan ayyis-nnes, ad ssimɣuren is-s anebbaḍ-nnsen izwaren Francesco Sforza. Izwur-d Leonardo s wayyis, deffir mayd isker tuzrawin-nnes mliḥ ɣef tussna n tfekka issutulen anaw-ad g yimudar, issuneɣ-asen itsen yidiẓaynen; isennulfa d yan wayyis n tallaɣt igan axatar, nna mi iga s yisem "Gran Cavallo" (Ayyis Axatar), ikka-t-inn yummel ad as-ittuga abrunẓ-nnes afadd yaɣul ig ayyis awbrunẓ akkʷ nna igan axatar g umezruy atrar. Maca ur as sul semmden tawuri-nnes s temgeṛẓawt. Aseggʷas 1494, ifka Ludovico abrunẓ nna akkʷ ɣur-sen illan ma s tteggan "cannons" iddeɣ d ikcem ɣif-sen userdas awfṛansis iḍemmɛen ad ten-isdurriy. Ayyis n tallaɣt ixatren, isul ukan ibedd tizi-nna g d-yuɣul diɣ umesdurry awfransis s Milan aseggʷas n 1499 afadd daɣ armen ad kkin nnig-asen, tikkelt-ad, ssmersen-t g usleɣmu n tniyyact, xlun-t kull.
Tamgudt n IsulilenEdit
Izzri Leonardo snat tseqqimin n teklut ɣur illa waddur tizi nna g ikka da iswuri ɣur Ludovico. Yat seg-sent; ad isker yat tfelwit tazitiyt nna ɣa iddun ɣer s aseɣres axatar n tegmat n usemmeḍren iɣusen (Confraternity of the immaculate conception), isker dig-s Leonardo snat tfelwin yajj yat ɣur yimhiwac n Milan, yiwi id-s tayyaḍ ɣer Franṣa, teqquma-nn. Ad tt-inn-yaf wenna tt-iran ass-a g usalay n Louvre.
Ur mmzarayent tfelwin-ad s yisem, da mmalant s sin-itsent amuɣli n Maryam Tamgudt akked wazzan-nnes Ɛissa, ammas n yan udɣar ameḍlus nna igan kullu isulilen,َ mani g rad mmaggaren akked John Amseddam. Tella yat tenfust (nna ur illin g Injil, tili ɣas g taysi tawmasiḥt) ɣef man imek s imlala Ɛissa ameẓyan akked John g ubrid ittawin ɣer Misṛa. G tmuɣli-ad, illa John ar ittẓalla; yall-d Ɛissa ameẓyan afus-nnes isnemmer-t/ibarek-t. Tettwassen tfelwit-ad n Leonardo s unezwi-nna-nnes ikerrmen nna aɣ-takka, asidd-nnes aɣrib ikkaten s yan usyafa ittawin tiysas, imula-nnes dranin d tmuɣli-nnes n tɣwerdin immalan agelmam d yidurar ammas n taggut. Ur jjin akkʷ tettawskar kra n tfelwit nna tt-irwasen ayd izrin kull.
Imensi AmeggaruEdit
Tis-snat tfelwin ilan addur ɣur Leonardo g Milan, is akkʷ tettwassnent uggar n tiyyaḍ. Nettat ayd igan s yisem Imensi Aneggaru (the Last Supper), da temmala imensi akkʷ igguran ɣur Ɛisa s tamunt n yimeḥḍaren-nnes dat n wammaẓ-nnes d menɣiwt-nnes. Ista Leonardo ad iklu imir-nna g ittini Ɛisa "qqad iyi-iɣḍer dig-un kra n yan", da ittales Leonardo addad n ubhaḍ d unnuɣjef nna yumẓen ineḍfaren-nnes s simraw, da t-ittales s tɣarast n yimuggan d wudmawen n yimdanen ammas n tfelwit. Idsen, llan ar sawalen, idsen llan bidden, idsen yaḍnin, llan ar kkaten s yifassen-nnsen s wancet-ann n tawda.
Ikka-t-inn uneggal Matteo Bandello da iẓerra Leonardo ammas n twuri-nnes. Yura ɣif-s mas da izzray mennaw n wussan; ɣas da ikellu akkʷ mayd ila wass s war utci, iɣewjdem diɣ yan kṛaḍ neɣ d kkuẓ n wussan-yaḍnin ur dig-sen ikellu wala isker awed ḥaḥ, kra n tikkal; ɣas da ittṣemmar dinna mnid n tfelwin-nnes ittraɛa dig-sent. Inna Vasari mas as-ulin idammen i umɣar n teɣzamt tamhawcant, itter-as ad issneɣmes Leonardo s mas iqqan ad iswurri s timmri. Inna Vasari mas t-inn-ikka Leonardo ittecṭen akkʷ, iddeɣ ur inni d yiɣef-nnes is qqad nit iɣey ad isgadda udem n Ɛisa mezyan, inna-as i uduk; mas yallfus is dad isker g wudem n umɣar n yimhiwac tamudemt-nnes iẓlin s Judas ameɣdar.
Deffir mayd tettusemmad tawuri n tfelwit, nnan ɣif-s kull widda tt-iẓran s umata-nnsen mas d tawuri-nnes akkʷ nna yufen ayenna.
Maca ur yad issemres Leonardo i tfelwit-nna-nnes kra ufrisku as-d-yusan, iga-as yat "tempera" iggi n gissu (gesso), nna ur da ittusemrasen yad lli i wanaw-ad n tfelwin n uɣrab. Imek nna, maɣef as-itettca tɣʷrdin-nnes txemmej kull, terwi s yat teklit ḍart yat tmiḍi n yiseggʷasen. Meqqar iḍer uklu n kra g wamuren-nnes seg uɣrab, tekka-tt-inn tettwassen tafelwit-nna kigan, ancet nna dig-s ittusgzen ittusneɣlen yuti akkʷ tifelwin tisegdanin n umaḍal.
Tudert-nnes tazzulant, 1499-1513Edit
Aseggʷas 1499, seḍren Ludovico il Moro. Immutti Leonardo seg Milan akked umazzal-nnes Salai d umeddakkel-nnes amusnak Luca Pacioli s Vinisya. Iswuri dinna Leonardo amm umasgad d ujenyur aserdasan. Acku tga Vinisya yat temdint ibeddan ɣef kigan n tegzirin, yurem Leonardo ad iswingim g yitsent tɣarasin ma s tettegdal azzaɣen n yiɣeṛṛuba d-kkanin icenga. Aseggʷas 1500, yuɣul Leonardo ɣer Flurinsa s tamunt n yimazzalen d yinelmaden-nnes. Fkan-as imhiwac n teɣzamt "Holy Annunciation" yat taddart d yan ustudyu imeqquren.
Tamgudt d urba akked Anne Tagʷrramt d John AmseddamEdit
Ibda Leonardo tawuri ɣef yat tfelwit-yaḍen, ig-nn yan uɣawas g yiɣef-nnes issuneɣ-as yat tunuɣt imeqquren; immalan Mayram Tamgudt, tɣewjdem ɣef ufud n yemma-s Anne Tagʷrramt tasi id-s tazzant-nnes Ɛisa, yili ɣef ufasi-nnes John Amseddam (Baptist). Inna Vasari mas da tessebhaḍ tunuɣt-ad nna igan tafalkayt akkʷ midden, ddan-d ad tt-annin irgazen d tmeṭṭutin, imeẓyanen wala wid meqqurnin s tigrummawin, ad tinid is d kra n umuggar axatar a s d-yusa umata. Dɣi, iɣey ad tt-inn-yaf wenna g Usefser Anamur, London. Meqqar teqbur aha tezzef kigan, tili ammas n yat tmeṣriyt illasen, da ttekkan midden asefser-nnes kraygatt ass afadd helli skubbren bnid-as. Zun d nettat zun d mennawt g twuriwin n Leonardo, ur as jju ismid tafelwit-nnes.
Imenɣi n AnghiariEdit
G 1502 d 1503, iswurri Leonardo ɣur Cesare Borgia, aristuqraṭ nna idusen, memmi-s n wis-sḍis Ibabaten Alexander. Ikka-t-inn Leonardo da ittmuddu id-s amm yan umasgad d ujenyur aserdasan, da ttekkan mennaw yidɣaren jaj n Ṭṭalyan. Tigira n 1503, yurri-d Leonardo s Flurinsa, igula-nn "Guild" n Luke Agʷrram i teklit-yaḍen.
Tettunefka-as yat tmeskirt bahra istawhemman sɣur useqqim (Signoria) n Flurinsa, ran dig-s ad asen-iklu yan seg sin yifriskiyen-nna ixataren nna ɣa ittyagalen ammas n yiɣerban n tmeṣriyt akkʷ ɣur illa waddur g ubergemmi n useqqim-nna, ittukellaf Michelangelo s teklut n Imenɣi n Cascina, ikellef Leonardo s tin Imenɣi n Anghiari. Issenta Leonard g usenfar-nnes, isker tizrawin-nnes ɣef wudmawen n yirgazen rfanin d yisan-nnsen mmaɣnin, issuneɣ-ten, sulen ukan unuɣen-ad ar dɣi g walugen-nnes. Maca s temgerẓawt, dad ig uyad yan ufcal diɣ, sɣur Leonardo, acku llig ikʷla tugna-nna g uɣrab, adɣar n wad issemres afrisku, ismerkes-as ikʷlan-nnes aked zziyt, imek-i, maɣef ggammin ad zwun. Ukan, llig yurem ad ten-issreɣ ɣas s yimikk n wafa, tefsi-as tfelwit kullu-tt. Issuneɣ Peter Paul yat tunɣilt i wamur-nnes anammas, awin-as-d ayt useqqim n teɣremt ḍarat yat tizi ma rad as daɣ yalsen g uɣrab. Ur ikemmil Michelangelo tafelwit-nnes awed netta iddeɣ as-iɣra ubaba ad iddu ɣer Ruma.
Mona LisaEdit
Attayen n 1503, ibda Leonardo ar ikellu tafelwit n yat tmeṭṭut ittwassnen s Mona Lisa, tasefrist akkʷ ɣur illa waddur inger tifelwin-yaḍnin kull. Mennaw yiseggʷasen ad dig-s izzri, tga yat tugna tameẓyant ittwaklun s zziyt iggi n yan yifil n ukeccuḍ. Da temmala udem, tafegga tunnigt d yifassen n yat tmeṭṭut ilsan amm tmeṭṭutin n ku ass. G tsefrisin, da tlessa yad-lli tameṭṭut timelsa-nnes d tzuzaf-nnes akkʷ ufnin. Imil daha, telsa Mona Lisa yat tqendurt iḍlan d yan waddal igan abexxan afella yiɣef-nnes. G umata n tikkal, da ittajja Leonardo g tfelwin-nnes itsent yizumal ma s da yakka kra n tmula (indices) ɣef umdan nna dig-s ittilin. Ayenna igan aɣrib aha ur imyar awed yan g tugna-ad, d uyenna as-ifkan isem-nna s tettwassen ass-a iga-t uzmummeg-nnes: Mona Lisa Giaconda, da tesnamek Giaconda "tanna itteḍṣan", (tg Mona asegzel n Madonna isnumken "Lalla-nu".)
Maɣ allig bahra tettwassen tfelwit-ad, iga-t acku tektur s yimennufaren, da ssuguren allen n Mona Lisa ɣer yimannayen-nnes, maca ur inni awed yan dig-sen ad d-ildi uyenna issaran iɣef-nnes. Allen-nnes d wawed imi-nnes, ayad kull, da ittumanen amm ig da izmummug, tamsalt nna igan tanaynut g teklut n tsefrisin azemz-nna, acku da dig-s ittuman umata yad lli is igan ajiddi, is illa d wallaɣ-nnes. Iceqqa ad yakwez yan tinfaliyin n wudem n Mona Lisa s usenɣed, acku mek yad ira yan ad iɣer isyafaten n wayyaḍ yakez-ten da ittli ɣif-s ad nn-igger s usmaqqel-nnes g yidisan d tuɣmirin n wallen-nnsen d yimawen-nnsen. Maca Leonardo, ixdem-tt s yat tmamekt s tettumanen itsen yimula fessusnen amm ig da ttekkan idisan n wudem-nnes, ameggerḍ akked yifassen-nnes, da tettusemma tmamekt-ad s "sfumato" (isnumken "aggu" s taṭalyanit). Ḍart mayd tt-ẓran kra n yinaẓuren-yaḍnin, nnan nnican d yiɣfawen-nnsen mas d ur rad sar izḍar yan ad yales i kra n tfelwit nna igan zun d nettat.
Tudert-nnes tazzulant, 1506-1516Edit
Aseggʷas 1506, yurri-d Leonardo s Milan akked yinelmaden-nnes, idder g taddart-nnes nna d-yusan g Porta Orientale. Aɣulen yidsen g yinelmaden-nnes gan imeklawen: Bernardino Luini, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio d Marco D'Oggione. Isker D'Oggione mennawt tunɣilin i Imensi Ameggaru, isker Luini yat i Tamgudt n Isulilen, ikʷla Boltraffio d wiyyaḍ kigan n tugniwin n yid Madonna d Urba, iɣey ad tent-inn-yaf wenna tent-iran g yisefsar n tẓuri d ula tiglizin.
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