Iḍ n umezwaru n Nwembeṛ
Tafukt yessuffYen ḍḍlam n yiḍ-nni ay deg tella Fṛansa deg tmurt-nneY Yer-s tura
53 n yiseggasen ay-a seg wasmi ay d-tenqer. Wid ay d-yeswejden i yimenYi akk-n ad yekker u ad ssuffYen Fṛansa,
qedcen s tuffra akk-n ad d-heyyin leqdic d ameqran yerna msefhamen Yef yiḍ n Umezwaru n Nwembeṛ [1954] akk-n
ad yebdu yimenYi. Wid ay tt-id-yessekren d kra seg warraw Ylayen akk ay tesea tmurt-a, yerna ggullen ar ad nnaYen alama d asmi ara tawey Ldzayer tilelli-ines ed uzarug-ines (indépendance) u ad
teqqel d ljens am lejnas akk n ddunit. Tamurt n Leqbayel llan qqaren-asen naqal, deg tezwara n Tegrawla (révolution) ”asun
[zone] n Tmurt n Leqbayel” sakk-in qqlen YYaren-as Tawilayt Tis III. Deg tama-a, dindin tuY tmes n yimenYi
yerna yekker ṭṭrad d ameqran. Yagi, seg 1947 ay ulin medden s adrar deg tama-a, u bdan la d-ssewjaden i ṭṭrad
n uzarug, maca asmi ay d-teṭṭreḍeq Tegrawla n tidet, dindin kecmen Yer trebbae ay tt-id-yessekren
akk-n ad ttekkin deg-s.
Akk-n kan d-tekker Tegrawla (Révolution) bdan la d-ttbanen yismawen n kra seg yimeqranen-ines am Krim Belkacem ed Ouamrane.
Ali Zamoum, ad t-yeṛḥem Ṛebbi, yella d agenses (lieutenant) n Krim Belkacem, yerna yeḥka-d Yef
wasmi ay mlalen yimeYnasen (militants) ed yiwen n uneYmas (amesjeṛnan) adzayri deg taddart-nsen, deg YiYil
Yimula [Tizi Wezzu] akk-n ad d-arun s tuffra taseYrut (proclamation) n Nwembeṛ.
TaseYrut-nni (proclamation) uran-tt-id s yiwet n troneot, yerna tamacint-a mazal-itt ar ass-a deg taddart n YiYil
Yimula. Win ara yerzun Yef usalay (musée) n taddart-a, yezmer ad tt-iẓer. Asalay-a yezga-d deg wexxam-nni ay deg
llan ffren yemjuhad deg yiḍ-nni n Umezwaru n Nwembeṛ. Deg yiḍ-nni, imjuhad yegget-d fell-asen ccYel.
Gan tummYiwin (attaques) deg yal amkan i wakk-n ad as-d-sseknen i Fṛansa ed ddunit belli lawan ay deg ara d-taki
Ldzayer yuweḍ-d.
Deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, imjuhad gan aṭas n lecYal : sserYen lemxazen n yiferki, mmYen Yef tneggiwin
(agences) n Société indigène de prévoyance, sserYen yiwen n umesni (car) n yiwen n udzayri yerna ukren-as memmi-s. LecYal-a
akk ssersen-ten-id deg yeYmisen (ijeṛnanen) ifṛensisen n uzekka-nni : L’Echo
d’Alger n De Sérigny, Le Journal d’Alger; d aYmis iqerben
Yer yilellamen (libéraux) n Jacques Chevalier, ed La Dépêche n Schiaffino ssawlen-d akk, i tikkelt tamezwarut Yef lecYal-a n ccwal deg
Ldzayer. Imir-nni, wid Ifṛensisen yeṭṭfen Ldzayer tebda la ten-tkeccem tugdi. Ldzayer tekker, tebded Yef
yiḍarren-ines yerna tebda tikli, tuY abrid n tissas.
Iḍ n ussehres* yuweḍ-d Yer tgara-ines
*colonisation
Medden bdan, cwiṭ, cwiṭ, la ttnamen imenYi i lmend n weslelli (libération) n tmurt. Deg tuddar n yidurar,
imjuhad imezwura bdan cwiṭ, cwiṭ, la ttqerriben Yer weYref (cceeb) u seeeun id-s anermis
(contact). Ma d imsulta (ibulisen) ed yimestulen (ijadeṛmiyen) ḥaren amek ara gen. Fṛansa dindin txemmem
belli d imeYnasen n Ukabar n WeYref Adzayri (PPA – Parti du Peuple Algérien) yeqqnen Yer Umussu n Trennawt
n Tlellyin Timagdayin (MTLD – Mouvement du triomphe des libertés démocratiques) ay d-yessekren lecYal-nni n ccwal.
D acu kan, qqlen ẓran belli tarbaet-a ur tettekka deg wacemma. Ma d imjuhad ay d-yessekren Tagrawla, seg tama-nsen,
sfehmen-asen i medden iswi n yimenYi-a.
Alama ay ieedda kra n lweqt ay yeqqel yisem n Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN – Front de Libération Nationale)
yettwassen Yer medden, yerna imir-nni qqlen la ttgen amgerrad (lxilaf) gar terbaet-a ed tin n MTLD n Messali. Deg
Tmurt n Leqbayel, ur eeṭṭlen ara bdan-d yimenYiyen imeqranen gar wid yeddan ed Messali (u gan-d tarbaet
n MNA) ed yemjuhad n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (iYallen imsellḥen n FLN). Yiwen seg yimenYiyen imeqranen
akk ay d-yellan gar yimessaliyen ed yemjuhad n FLN d win yeḍran deg yidurar n Jeṛjeṛ.
D acu kan, d FLN ay yessawḍen ad yernu imessaliyen, yerna ay-a yejja tarbaet-a ad tkemmel ad d-tessakay
medden ula deg lYerba, yerna tebda la tettṣ̣eggim iYallen-ines deg tuddar n tmurt akk-n ad ttekkin akk-n
iwata deg Tegrawla. Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) tebda la tettajhad, yerna Igen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN –
Armée de Libération Nationale) yebda la iseeeu ttawil yelhan ay yes ara ikemmel imenYi. Deg tlemmast n 1955,
FLN tessaweḍ ad d-yawey Tamurt n Leqbayel s lekmal-is Yer yidis-is. Ma d Fṛansa, seg tama-ines, nnig n yimestulen
(ijadeṛmiyen) ed yemsulta (ibulisen) ay tesea deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, teqqim la trennu tettazen iserdasen-ines Yer
tama-a yerna tuzen daYen imeiwnen n yiYallen n laman, wid umi qqaren GMPR (Groupes mobiles de police rurale
– Tirebbae tizirazin n temsulta n ugama).
ImenYi la yettimYur yerna imjuhad yellan la sseqdacen titekniyin n temgarut (techniques de guérilla) bdan
la zemmren i yiman-nsen deg wenrar, yerna la ttgen ikminen (embuscades) ay as-ttYimin i weedaw yerna neYYen-as
aṭas n yiserdasen. S tebYest (lkuṛaj) n yergazen-nni ay eewwlen ad nnaYen war (bla) tugdi, iḍ-nni
aberkan n tallit n ussehres (colonisation) yuweḍ-d Yer tgara-ines, yerna yebda wass la d-yettaley Yef Ldzayer.
Tadbelt (administration) n Fṛansa tebda la tt-yettagad ljehd n lebYi n yergazen-nni ed ueewwel ay eewwlen
akk-n ad as-d-rren tilelli-ines i weYref-nsen (cceeb) Yas ma fkan tudert-nsen d asfel i lmend n way-a. Tirebbae
n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) bdant la ttgent lecYal iweeṛen ugar yerna war (bla) tugdi, ma d medden
bdan la ttgen ugar n laman deg yemjuhad. Deg tuddar, nnulfant-d trebbae yetteawanen imenYi imselleḥ.
Wid yettekkan deg trebbae-a YYaren-asen imsebblen, yerna qqlen d
nitni ay d llsas n tudert n yiYallen n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw.
Imir-n, ifuk yiwen n tallit u tebda-d tallit niḍen. Ta, d tallit ay deg asrew (indigène) yeddem tudert-ines gar
yifassen-is. Lqayed, lamin ed ubacaYa tettwakkes-asen ddula, bdan la teqqlen d ay-n ieeddan. Maca, seg tama niḍen,
Fṛansa la trennu tettcax deg wemḥaq ara tmeḥḥeq wid ay d-yekkren Yer-s ad tt-ssuffYen. IYallen
ifṛensisen llan ttaṭṭafen Idzayriyen yerna tikkwal ttawyen-ten Yer yegriren (camps) ay deg ten-tteettiben,
yerna aṭas seg wid ay ten-ikecmen, mmuten. Ma deg tuddar, ay deg llant trebbae n yemsebblen, tebda daYen la
tettbeddil tegnit.
Medden qqlen ur ttemcaṛaeen ara deg wexxam n ccṛee afṛensis, wanag qqlen ferrun uguren-nsen
deg taddart. Talalit n yigerdan, leequd n jjwaj ed wid n lmut qqlen la ten-id-ttgen Yer yifesyanen (officiers) n
Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) ay d-yelhan ed leḥbas (habous), yerna qqlen medden ur la ttxelliṣ̣en
ara tiwsi (impôt). Asmi ay teqfel Tegrawla aseggas seg wasmi ay d-tekker, tasertit (politique) n tmurt akk tbeddel. Idzayriyen
bdan la ttaeraḍen cwiṭ, cwiṭ, lbenna n tlelli.
Ayt tuddar ay ibedden akk Yer tama n FLN ed ALN qqlen d imdanen niḍen. Imsebblen kemmlen la sfatayen (saboter)
ttawilat ay zemren ad ten-sqedcen yeedawen-nsen deg ad rebḥen imenYi. S way-a, qrib yal ass, iberdan yettajjan
iYallen n yeedawen ad eeddin seg wemkan Yer wayeḍ qqlen la ttwagzamen, yerna qqlen yemjuhad la gezzmen
daYen tinelwa (lexyuḍ) n tilifun ed trisiti ay llan sseqdacen-ten ladYa Ifṛensisen yeddren deg Ldzayer.
Ifṛensisen n Ldzayer ssnen, i tikkelt tamezwarut, d acu-t ccwal ed tugdi, d acu-ten wurfan n ”wayt ubeṛnus”.
AYref (cceeb) yeqqel d netta ay d-yelhan ed yiman-is, s ttawil yellan gar yifassen-is, akk-n ad yeslelli (libérer)
tamurt-ines ! Ifṛensisen eerḍen ad sseddun takti (lfekra) belli wid ay d-yessekren ccwal deg Ldzayer d ibeṛṛaniyen,
yerna bdan la ferrqen lekwaYeḍ u la ttarun deg yiYerban ay-a deg wakk timiwa n tmurt akk-n ad sqeneen
medden s tmuYli-nni, yerna Ifṛensisen llan la d-qqaren belli ”tagrawla-a (révolution) d Lqahira ara yettḍebbiren
deg-s”. Ifṛensisen, ladYa wid n Ldzayer, llan keṛhen Idzayriyen akṛah ameqran, yerna deg lqella-nsen
n tmussni tejja-ten ad xemmen belli ”iserwen (indigènes) ur uwiḍen ara ad ilin d imdanen, yerna ur zmiren ara
ad ssuddsen (organiser) iman-nsen akk-n ad gen tagrawla”.
François Mitterand yellan d aneYlaf (lewzir) n tYawsiwin n daxel, yerza-d deg tallit-nni Yef Ldzayer,
yerna deg tirzi-ines yenna-d belli netta ed unabaḍ-ines (lḥukuma) eewwlen akk-n ur ttarran ara akk aḍar
Yer deffir sdat Yidzayriyen. Mitterant yenna-d belli ”Ldzayer d Fṛansa !”. Maca simal imenYi n
Fṛansa mgal (contre) Idzayriyen irennu, simal Idzayriyen la rennun ssuddusen (organiser) iman-nsen akk-n ad kemmlen
tagrawla (révolution). IYallen n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) qqlen ttqadaren aneḍfar (discipline) ugar
yerna qqlen ssnen ad nnaYen xir. Tiytiwin ijehden ay yettafk Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw i Fṛansa qqlen ”ttawyen-d
lfayada” ugar.
TiYri n weYref*
*cceeb
Tagrawla n Nwembeṛ tella tettkemmil abrid-ines, yerna imḍebbren-ines ttekkan deg temlilit n Bandung (deg
Indunisya) u sseknen-d i lejnas belli Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) d amussu (mouvement) ay d-yettusbedden i lmend n
weslelli (libération) n tmurt. Assiweḍ ay tessaweḍ Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw akk-n ad d-ssuffeY tamsalt
n Ldzayer Yer ddunit d ay-n ay as-yeseerqen lecYal i Christian Pineau, agensas (représentant) n Fṛansa
deg Tuddsa n YeYlanen Yeddukklen (ONU). AYref-nni (cceeb) yettwaḍelmen ugar n lqern iger-d tiYri-ines
yerna slan-as-d akk lejnas !
Sdaxel n tmurt, Fṛansa tessejhed amḥaq n weYref (cceeb), d acu kan, amḥaq-nni ur as-yerẓi
ifadden i Tegrawla (Révolution), wanag d aeiwen ay tt-ieawen. AYref yeqqel d llsas n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw
(ALN) ed Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN, yerna d netta ay t-yetteawanen. Deg tuddar, medden qrib la ttnaYen
akk-n ad ttekkin deg yiYallen n yemsebblen, yerna attekki deg Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) d iseY ameqran.
Ma Fṛansa tkemmel la tneffu ugar n medden seg tmurt-nsen u la tettaṭṭaf wiyaḍ u tettarra-ten
deg way-n umi semman igriren n ussezdeY (camps d’hébergement) ay deg la yetteeddi fell-asen lbaṭel d
aberkan. Tagrawla-nni (Révolution) tejja Idzayriyen ad ḥulfun i yiman-nsen llan u ad ssnen tudert n yemdanen ilelliyen,
dYa d ay-a ay ten-yejjan ad eewwlen ad kemmlen imenYi yerna ur ttarran ara akk aḍar Yer deffur,
Yas ma xeṣ̣ren tudert-nsen Yef way-a.
Fṛansa, akk-n ad tessens times, tesnulfa-d SAS. Ti, d ajiniṛal Parlange ay tent-id-yesnulfan yerna yella
yettxemmim belli Idzayriyen kkren-d s imenYi imi kan ay ḥulfan i yiman-nsen ttwaḥeqren deg leḥkem-nni
n zik n lqeyyad ed yibacaYaten. Imir-nni, ihi, Fṛansa teqbel ad yettekkay Udzayri deg tefranin (lbuṭ) u ad
yeqqel yiwen wemdan d yiwet n taYect. D acu kan, ifut lḥal, aYref (cceeb) yeqqel yesea iswi (but)
niḍen : tamurt yessefk ad teqqel d timziregt (indépendante).
Deg tuddar ibeeden, anda iYallen n Yigen n Weslelli AYelnaw (ALN) llan d nitni ay iḥekmen u gan
ddula-nsen dinna, medden ssulin takbabt (taeellamt) niḍen, d tin n Ldzayer. Initen-nni (llwan) icebḥen n
tekbabt-nni qqimen ffren acḥal n yiseggasen, maca qqlent ffYent-d. Deg yiseggasen-nni imezwura n Tegrawla (Révolution),
Tirni n Weslelli AYelnaw (FLN) tga aṭas n lecYal i medden, teldi iYerbazen (llakulat), tdiwa imuḍinen
yerna telha-d ed usseddi n tudert n tmetti (société). Sakk-in, deg wass n 5 Yulyu 1962, temlal yiwet n terbaet n yifesyanen
(officiers) ielayanen ALN ed yikataren (cadres) n FLN deg Sidi Frej, u yella gar-asen weknaner (colonel) Mohand U Lḥaj,
u ssulin takbabt n Ldzayer. Ass-nni, wid d-yekkren ssawḍen Yer lebYi-nsen, tamurt n Ldzayer teawed tlul-d
s wudem unṣ̣ib (officiel) !
Seg L’Expression, 1 Nwembeṛ 2007
SYur A. Saïd.
Tasuqilt sYur Omar Mouffok
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