Tacemmuḍt n Uhulukust tettɛeqqab ɣer umenɣi amaḍlan wis tnayen (1939-1945) mani mmuten imelyunen n wudayen x ijjen ddsas n arrasa.
Iparasyuten n tniɣitin-a yegg-itent ukabar Anazi Aliman, i ttuɣa yellan x uzellif-nnes Adulef Hitler, i ttuɣa iḍeffren udayen. S uya azgen ameqqran n inni immuten di tcemmuḍt-nni d udayen. Nnumrawat qqarent belli zi 10 n wudayen, 07 zzag-sen mmuten x tnettit-nnsen.
Aked uɣezdis n wudayen, Inaziyen nɣin markat nniḍen n yiwdan ameknaw: Ixiṭanuten d imeɛḍar. Mamec kerfen midden nniḍen ameknaw zzwamel…
Ahulukust ttuɣa-t d ameknaw x wesfaḍ i yemsaren i jjmaɛet n yiwdan. Ixes ad yini manaya belli ddewla Talimant tenɣa aṭṭas n yiwdan, minzi nitni ɣer-sen ijjen arrasa niɣ ca n tdeyyant s ixef-nnes.
Min ɛnan Inaziyen ?
Inaziyen d isem aquḍaḍ n Ukabar Ixeddamen Aqawmi Asusyalist Aliman, ittwaggen aseggas n 1919, awerni umenɣi amaḍlan amezwaru. Yemɣar ukabar-a wa deg iseggusa n ɛicrin, zegga texser Aliman amenɣi, d ttamara i yekkin x Ilimaniyen s ẓẓelḍ, minzi yettwagg x Uliman aṭṭas n lɛuqubat. Inaziyen ila llan d arrasa n yiwdan, ila ttɣilen belli Arrasa n Wariyen yuɛla x arrasat nniḍen. Mamec i ten-ttuɣa kunṭra i wudayen.
Min iɛna Adulef Hitler ?
Deg useggas n 1921, idwel Adulef Hitler d ameqqran n ukabar Anazi. Deg useggas n 1933, idwel akabar-a d netta yeggin lḥukuma zegga irbeḥ deg istayen. Netta ɣir iwweḍ ad iṭṭef leḥkam, issidef izalen (les valeurs) inaziyen di merra udmawen n tudert deg Uliman. Issexdem asigg°ed d uhuddi x midden bac ad yaweḍ ɣer min ixes.
Wami immut wemɣar n Uliman, Hidenbureg aseggas n 1934, irra Hitler ixef-nnes d ameqqran n tmurt (Fuhrer). Inaziyen ttuɣa ttamnen belli arrasa-nnsen d amezdag, ttamnen ila Aliman yemɣer, mamec ttuɣa ɛebbden Afuhrer niɣ Adulef Hitler.
Akabar issexdem aṭṭas n tebridin maḥend ad ssemɣaren zeg ixarrisen-nnsen, tteggen ijemmuɛen imeqqranen, sxeddamen lebwaq bac ad ssiwḍen tibratin Tinazyin deg imukan izuyaz.
Lḥugra Tanazit
Deg useggas 1933 i di iṭṭfen Inaziyen tanbaḍt, Inaziyen ḥegren x ca n yiwdan ttwalan belli nitni ixess wer ttilin ca d Ilimaniyen, ameknaw Udayen. Inaziyen xedmen-d aṭṭas n izerfan bac ad ggen afraz aɛeffan x udayen. Kksen-asen tiseqqar-nnsen, wer ten-jjin ca ad adfen ɣer waṭṭas n imukan. Mamec ttuɣa wer zemmren ad ṭṭfen ca n imukan.
Lqecla n Dachau ttuɣa-tt d lqecla tamezwarut i yeggin Inaziyen, ɣer berra i Munich deg useggas n 1933. Awerni i ɣa ggen ca n 40 alef n lqecla deg imukan i yeṭṭfen, jar aseggas n 1933 d 1945.
Ca zi lqeclat-a tina, ttwaggen i usexxar, ca zzag-sen ttwaggent ḥuma ad ten-scemḍen. Aberru n midden i yemmuten alaḥsab lḥal aɛeffan i ttuɣa x-asen ittekken. Deg useggas n 1934, ggin-d ijjen lqanun qqaren-as « azref n wawal deg yiwdan aɛeffan » zi ssa dewlent tiḥuja i yellan kunṭra i Tnazit d ijjen tniɣit. Mamec ugin x tmuzikt n Jazz, urin idlisen issɣuran di tmezgidawin n tɣuri maḥend ad dag-sen sseɛdan izalen n Tnazit. Aṭṭas n idlisen i yekksen zeg webrid minzi ttuɣa wer ttemstfiqen ca aked Inaziyen.
Deg useggas n 1935, bellɛen ca n 1600 n jjurnal, ugin ad jjen ijurnalen ad fsaren mala wer dasen-smiḥen ca udayen.
« Llilet n zzaj iftuttsen» d imelyunen immuten
Deg wass n 09 Nuvember zeg useggas n 1938, tekka ijjen llilet d taberkant x wudayen. Tettwasemma s « llilet n zzaj iftuttsen », alaḥsab zzaj n tḥuna i yedlin x izubaq umi i yudfen x tḥuna n wudayen s bezzez. Llilet-nni mmuten ca n 91 n wudayen, ttwaṭṭfen 30 alef nniḍen, mamec reddjen 267 n usinagug d Uday.
Di beddu n September aseggas n 1939, Aliman tehwa-d x Pulanda, mayen isnekkren amenɣi amaḍlan wis tnayen. Jjin udayen di Pulanda ad ddren di ca n imukan s ixef-nnsen. Semman-asen ibaryuten n wudayen, msurrufen akid-sen s ijjen tuɛeffna d tameqqrant mamec aṭṭas zzag-sen ig immuten.
Deg iseggusa n rebɛin, Inaziyen wwḍen ɣer uxarres n « lqeclat n usizdeg », min ttuɣa semman nitni « afessay ameggaru » ḥuma sefḍen imezdaɣ wudayen zi tudert. Deg umeggaru n useggas n 1941, Inaziyen ggin lqecla tamezwart n usecmeḍ di Pulanda. Adu isem n « Kulmhof ». :amec ggin setta n imukan n usecmeḍ deg imukan iṭṭfen inaziyen di Pulanda. Lqecla n « Auschwitz » d nettat i ttuɣa yellan d tmeqqrant qaɛ. Aked uɣezids n ca n lqeclat nniḍen di Bilarusiya, Sirbiya, Ukraniya d Kerwatiya, i di mmuten luluf n wudayen.
Min ɛnan inni ittwanɣen niɣ ttwaḥegren di tcemmuḍt ?
Llista n midden i yemmuten deg ifarranen n Uhulukust, nettaf : Udayen, Ixiṭanuten, Islaviyen, ula kṭer inni n Tamunt Tasuvyatit d Pulanda d Yuguzlaviya, rni ɣer-sen imeɛḍar, zzwamel d jjmaɛet n « cchud n Yahuh » aked iseyyasiyen ig illan kunṭra-nnsen.
Mamec tkemmel Tacemmuḍt-nni ?
Wami wwḍen inni ttuɣa ittmenɣan kunṭra i Uliman ad cuqqen abrid-nnsen deg imukan i ttuɣa ṭṭfen Inaziyen qbel. Bdan ttafen lqeclat-a. Wami ig iban illa Inaziyen yeggur ad rẓen deg umenɣi, ggin tizemmar maḥend ad sefḍen marra timitar n min jjin ɣer deffer-nnsen mamec reddjen lqeclat-nni. Ggin bezzez x inni iqqimen ddren ad dewlen x iḍaren ɣer lqeclat n usecref deg Uliman. Aṭṭas n midden ig immuten d nitni ccaten ticrni-nni x iḍaren-nnsen.
Maca Inaziyen wer wwiḍen ca ad kksen merra min jjin ɣer deffer nnsen, wer teɛdi bu aṭṭas n lweqt ar mani ig issen amaḍal s Uhulukust. Lqecla n Majdanek d lqecla tamezwarut i snufslen deg unebdu n useggas n 1944. Inni yudfen lqecla-ya ssiwlen s utebheḍ x min dag-s ufin.
Waxxa aṭṭas n midden ffɣen zi lqelat-nni maca waxxa amenni mmuten, minzi wer ggenfin ca zi lehlakat-nni i x-asen d-ikkren.
Mayemmi Amaḍal ittfekkar aktay n tcemmuḍt ?
Ahulukust urid netta d asfaḍ weḥḥd-s illan deg umaḍal n yiwdan, mmuten imelyunen n midden di Kambudiya, Rwanda, Lbusna d Darfur. Iwdan ttfekkren-d aktay-a minzi xsen ad wcen lhimmet i umsedder i yexsen ad yili jar midden.
Tala: BBC
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