Aggur:Timassanin
Alugaritm agaman nɣ Alugaritm anipiri (s tanglizt : Natural logarithm) tga yat tasɣnt nɣ twwuri tettuysan bahra ɣ tusnakt, ar tsnfal afaris s timrnit zund akkʷ tisɣnin ilugaritm. Ar tt ntara s ɣmk-ad : . Ar nttini mas-d alugaritm agaman nɣ anipiri iga s uzadur n acku , iga alugaritm agaman ula tamnzut n tasɣnt : ɣ uzilal .
Alugaritm ad dars yan yism yaḍni abla "agaman", iga-tt "anipiri". Ism ad yuckad zɣ John Napir nna igan yan umusnak askatlandi, nttat ad akkʷ izwarn ay-skr taflwit talugaritm ( ur trwas xtad lli nssn ɣila nkkni ).
Tettyawskar tazmilt n ulugaritm nna f nsawal nkkni ɣila s ifassn n Grégoire de Saint-Vincent d Alphonse Antonio de Sarasa ɣ usggʷas n 1649
Ad tg , nzḍar ad nini mas-d asnml n tasɣnt talugaritm tga-tt unrar lli illan ɣ izddar n tasɣnt gr d 1.
Ɣikad ast nttara : ... (Ɣr uggar...)
Islgan n umussu n Isḥaq Nyuṭun ar skaren azday inger afud da ismussun tazzit d umussu nns.
Aslgn amzwaru
Ar ittini uslgn amzwaru n Nyutun mas ig yat tazzit t-bidd ur attmussu neɣ ar tmussu s yat tazzla timzgit g yan umnid, ira tɣama tazzit ad tɣama tbidd neɣ ra-tɣama tssuda s yat tazzla timzgit mqqar ar fllas ittagez wafud. Aslgn ad i-tt-uyssan s wassaɣ n Aslgn n Tussimt.
Rad tt nara s ɣmk-ad:
Aslgn n Tussimt iwfat g tizwiri mass Galilyu Galili yara-t s tɣarast nna s t-nssen, macc ɣir i wmussu afraran f wakal, g yan uzmz yaḍni mass Runi Dikart issmɣur aslgn ad.
Dat Galili tella yat tswingmt mas akk imussuten ifrarann darsen timntal tusridin. Macc Galili iẓẓdar a-ysan seg irimen-ns mas tazzit ittmussun, ra-tɣama ar tmussu mqqar yan afud ar iswwuri bac a tbidd.
Aslgn wiss sin
Aslgn wiss sin n Nyutun iga yan uslgn yakkan yan uglam asmktan n maf-iẓdar yan wafud at isker i wmussu n yat tazzit. ar ittini mas asnfel n tasmkta n umussu g uzmz n yat tazzit inict g umnad d tasmkta i tazduzt (mass) d tazzla-ns. tasmkta n umussu tga zund tazzla, gan imawayen, darsen ssin tasmkta d amnid.
Afud i-tt-ssurḥen f yat tazzit iẓdar ayssnfel tasmkta n umussu ns, neɣ amnad ns ne iẓdar atn issnfel ssin. Aslgn wiss sin n Nyutun iga yan uslgn akk istawhmman g Tasengama.
Yat tazzit ilan yat tazduzt timzgit , ras nara :
neɣ nẓdar at nara s tɣarast yaḍnin :
Ɣid ar nmmal :
- : Afud
- : Tazduzt
- : Tazzazt
Maɣ d gan imawayen.
Ig yat tazzit dars afud agnsan,ar ittazzaz s mklli aɣ ttini tagda n uslgn ad wiss ssin n Nyutun. seg tasga yaḍnin ig tazzit ur attazzaz, ur ra-gis ili yan afud agnsan.
Aslgn wiss kraḍ
Aslgn wiss kraḍ n Nyutun ar ittini mas ig darneɣ snat tazziwin, yat ar iṭṭiḍiṣ f wayyaḍ, nẓdar anini mas yan ar issḥruy afud f wayyaḍ s tmkta inicten d imnaden isniln. Aslgn wiss kraḍ ittuyssan s wassaɣ n Aslgn n tigawt d trarit. Aslgn ad istawhmma bahra g tiɣri n amyas agellal.
Amawal
- Aglam = description
- Amaway = vector
- Agnsan = interior
- Tazzit = body
- Timzgit = constant
- Timntal = causes
- Tusridin = direct
- Irimen = experiences
- Afraran = horizental
- Asmktan = quantitative
- Asnfel = change
- Amussu = momentum
- Inict = equal
- Amnad = direction
- Ssurḥen = applied
- Tagda = equation
- Iṭṭiḍiṣ = act
- Isniln = opposite
- Tigawt = action
- Agellal = static
Jubitir nɣ Jupitir nɣ Adanbala iga yan umtiwg lli kullu imqqurn ɣ unagraw anafuk, s ubddur imqqurn s 2,5 f imtiwgn ann iɣaman munn, macc ar ittɣama iga ɣar yan zzɣ ifḍ ɣ ubddur n tfukt.
Amtiwg n Udanbala iga amtiwg lli bahra immrwasn d tfukt ɣ tnɣa nns. waxxa txṣṣa tuqqna ns n uhidrujin a ttimɣur s 75 n tkklit f ma ttga ɣilad afad ad ig itri, d ixṣṣa a yimɣut ɣar s 13 n tkklit i ujdr n udyutiryum afad ad ig aguzzal admman.
Tamassant tga kullu madakkan iswingimns lanin atig f mayssn ufgan, d ma ilkm s ixfn ɣ tusna n madas issuteln. z talatinit (scientia, « connaissance »). Ilint graygat tiɣulin n tamassant, tarakal (géographie), tamsasfart ( Medecin), tusnakt (Matematique), takrura (chimie).. graygat tayult tẓli s yan wanaw n tamassant tsmun tiwuriwin nes, d iswingimn iqbura nes, d ma fllasn ibnan , d mad kfan. Gint tiɣarasin timassanit, atig n tamassanit may skarn ɣ tuwuriwin ad kullu mammu ntini timassanin.
Tafukt tga-tt titrit n unegraw afukan. Ɣ ussurtey asnallun, tga tafukt zɣ yitran ganin ɣ wanaw axmuc awraɣ ilan ɣ ubeddur attayen n 1,989 1 × 1030 kg, tettusileɣ s uhidrujin (75 % n ubeddur d 92 % n ubleɣ) d uhilyum (25 % n ubeddur d 8 % ubleɣ). Tamu tafukt ɣ umahellaw igan s isem abrid n walim taggug i tuẓẓumt n umahellaw s wattayen n 8 kpc (∼26 100 a.l.), agensu n yiɣil n Uṛyun. Ar tessutul tafukt i tuẓẓumt n umahellaw ɣ 225 ar 250 n imelyunen n iseggasen (aseggas n umahellaw). Ar as-ittenneḍ wakal (s temmri n 30 km/s), sa n imtiwgen yaḍen, semmus n imtiwgen ixmucen s usidres, mennaw n iknemtiwgen d imsazagen d yat tassfift n ugeḍrur. Ar tettgensas tafukt i waḍu-nnes attayen n 99,854 % n ubeddur n unegraw afukan, ar ittgensas Jupiter uggar n sin ifkraḍen n uyenna d-yaguren.
Tafukt, dar s assaɣn yaḍn zund "iṭij - tafuyt", nttat ad igan itri illan ɣ tuẓẓumt n unagraw anafuk, d iga ubddur ns kra n 99,86% zzɣ amsmun n ubddur n unagraw anafuk.
Asamu
- Awum aknunnay: 1,39 agndid akilumitr.
- Abddur: 1,99 × 10³⁰ akilugram.
- Astum n wammas n umahllaw: 26 038 asggwas n tifawt.
- Azmz n wannaḍ: 25 n wass.
- Azmz n uḥbu amahllawan: 225 agndid n usggwas.
- Aẓẓug n tsna: 274 M/S².
- Tirɣi n tsna: 5 505 wC.
Galilyu Galili iga yan amussnagamaw (physicien), d amussnayyur (astronome), ilul g tmazirt n Ṭalyan. Galili iga yan seg wida ygan llsas i tasengama tatrart (physique moderne). isiggel Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Nyutun i wsiggel ns. Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan ɣef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan ɣef aggur d igensawen (satellites) imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus.
Tga Takrura nɣ Takimit yan yiẓli n tussna innezgemn s iferdisen ikimiyen d wuddisen, d manik s ar swuruyen gratsen. Tga-tt tezrawt (study) n tangiwin (tiɣawsiwin) nna iskaren ddat-nneɣ d kullu m'ad aneɣ-issuteln ɣ umaḍal-ad.
Akal iga wis kraḍ itran lli itfarn i ungraw anafuk. d yan ɣ willi tsutulnin i itri n Tafukt lli illan ɣ tuẓẓumt n ugraw ad. Ar as itsutul wala nttat yan wayyur.
Amtiwg nnɣ aɣ akkw tggut tuqqna gr tam imtiwgn illan ɣ unagraw anafuk.
Amzruy
Illa wakal z uggar n 4,467 milyar n usggas. z lliɣd iffuɣ imik n w-akku z tafuk yitti z giz. ɣ umzwaru rad yiṣmiḍ ifrkki n uflla. rad tit tfr yat tusut yaḍn lliɣ ras ttid lkmn indkkik yaḍn d isufa lli rad isbadl udm ns. kullu mayad ittuyskar f lmlayn n isggas d tusutin urganin yat..
Akal ɣ tudert n ufgan amaziɣ
Dar imaziɣn Akal af atmaɣ yan ntt d tarwans. akal lli kkrzn d wakal,lli ɣ zdɣn d lliɣ drn. Ig wakal dar imaziɣ yat lli f kullu maɣn ɣ umzruy nsn. D irumiyn, ifniqicn, aerabn , ifransawiyn...
Asamu
- Awum aknunnay: 12 756 akilumitr
- Abddur: 6 × 10²⁴ akilugram
- Astum f tfukt: 150 agndid akilumitr
- Azmz n wannaḍ: 23 n tsragt d 56 n tusdidt
- Azmz n uḥbu anafuk: 1 usggwas
- Aẓẓug n tsna: 9,8 M/S²
- Tirɣi n tsna: 15 wC
Tasna
Ma ilkkmn gr 70% d 71% zzɣ tasna n wakal tga aman n igarawn d illan, d 30% iɣaman ka d igan akal, ar tbḍḍu tsna tabṛṛanit n wakal s kigan n igmmaḍn iqquṛn, nɣd tifilin titaktunin, ar ttmattayn t ɣ tsna mnnaw igndid n isggwasn.
Akuttr aguman (Axial tilt)
Ikuttr wakal zzɣ aguman nns s ma ilkkmn ar 23,4 n tskwfal, ma imssrn ɣ isnfaln ismẓuyn ɣ unzwi ɣ tsna n umtiwg.
Igr amɣnaḍisan
Ar iddnkay igr amɣnaḍisan n wakal ɣ ungns n tmnaḍt taxatart ittufsan n bṛṛa n umtiwg d ar ilkkm ar bṛṛa afad ad issuncg alssi amɣnaḍisan, d ulssi amɣnaḍisan iga yan ufrag issutln i wakal d ar t iḥṭṭu zzɣ aẓnẓṛ n tfukt.
Timassanin smunet graygat tamassan ituyssan: zund Tamassant n-itran , Tidurssent ,Takrura ,Tasengama, Tanzeggant, Ameẓẓul, Tusnakt, Timassanin tigmawiyin d Tamassant n wakal, tamassant tga graygat tawuri d yuckan tigira n icnubbcn n ufgan, d iswingimns, tirawsiwinad ur abnunt f din ula iswingimn litn rwasnin.
Timassanin tinamunin · Timassanin n tudert · Timassanin n iwwurgan· Timassanin tisengamin · Timassanin tinlɣanin · Timassanin tigjdanin · Timassanin tisnsitin · Timassanin n ugama · Timassanin tinfganin
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