Agʷmmay amaziɣ aɛṛab
Agʷmmay Amaziɣ-Aɛṛab iga yan wanaw n ugʷmmay aɛṛab nna s tt inn kkant tutlayin timaziɣin ar ttyurant zg tasutin timaẓunin g tmizar n tmazɣa, s lawan akkʷ ɣ tmazirt n icelḥiyn ɣ unẓul utrim n lmɣrib[1][2].
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ḍart n ukcam n lislam d tutlayt taɛṛabt s tamazɣa, ufan nn imaziɣn is fllasn iga ccil ad sslkmn tiɣlaf n usgd i ugdud, aya a f ssntan ar ttaran, ar ssuɣuln s tamaziɣt. Nnig n aya, illa mad yuran i tmntal tisrtanin zun d Ibn Tumrt[3].
Iɣ niwi f aylli bdrn kra n isugam imzrayn, rad ig “lqqʷran” n Ṣaliḥ Bn Ṭarif (tuddma n tasuta tis tamt), isr n iburɣwaṭn, adlis amzwaru nna ittyuran s tmaziɣt s ugʷmmay aɛṛab. Lqqʷran ad amaziɣ ur aɣ d zgis lkimnt amr tisuɣal n kra n twinas s tɛṛabt[3].
Ar aɣ addran isugam mas tt inn ikka yan yaḍn g tmazirt n Iɣumarn, g tgira n tasuta tis tẓat, iga ism nns Ḥamim Bn Manna, isrs asn ula ntta yan “lqqʷran” s tmaziɣt.
G tasuta tiss snat d mrawt, yara Ibn Tumrt mnnaw idlisn bac ad izuzzr tiwngimin n uẓgʷr nns asrtan gr imṣmudn lli bahra ur issinn i tɛṛabt. Llan ɣ udlis nns lli mi ism “Attawḥid” sa n igzzumn (laḥzab), inna asn ad aqqran yan ugzzum kraygat ass ḍart n tɣri n lḥizb, ilin kra n isugam ar ttalsen is asn inna ad t akkʷ ḥsun aylliɣ darsn yurri zun d lqqʷran. Bdrn daɣ isugam sin idlisn yaḍn, “Alqawaɛid” d “Liama”, sin itsn llan gr ifassn n mddn ɣ wakdu ann, maca ur aɣ d ilkim walu zɣ idlisn n Ibn Tumrt[3].
Sg uzgn wis sin n tasuta tis 12 ar tasuta tis 20, tbayn d twrglat n tirra lli mi qqarn “Lmazɣi”. Tawrglat tẓli ɣ umata s usgd, izrfan, id msmun awal isinutlayn, mayd ittyussann g tsnijjit, akud, tsnitrit d usiḍn. Awttas n twrglat ad iga t usutti ddaw n tɣlaf n usgd anslem d ushwn n ulmmud n imḥḍarn, ukan ayann a f gan t ɣ umata tanḍḍamt irxan g uḥssu[3].
Tizi tamaẓunt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ilugnn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
G tɣuri n Nico Van Den Boogert (2000)[4], Imdyatn iqburn akkʷ n usnmarra n tasutin timaẓunin ɣ Sus gan zɣ tasuta tis 10 (ḌL), gin imggura akkʷ zɣ tis 14 (ḌL).
Mqqar nẓḍaṛ ad naf kra n inuḥyutn g usmdya n kra n trgalin, da ittɣama usnmarra ad iga armskil. Maya da immal is d willi srsnin anagraw ad swingmn gis zwar mzyan bac ad sis sslmadn i imslmaziɣn. Arratn iqburn a ɣ ar nttafa tillugna akkʷ imqqurn.
Iɣritn[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ umata n warratn, tiguriwin da tggant tigaɣranin akkʷ nɣ Da isnuḥyu usnmarra gr kkuẓ iɣritn: ‘’a’’, ‘’i’’, ‘’u’’ d ‘’e’’ (aɣri afssas). Iɣritn ‘’a’’, ‘’i’’ d ‘’u’’ da ttyuran s Ḥurūf al-madd (حروف المدّ), imdyatn:
Ɣ usnmarra arimɣr, aɣri anammas e (aɣri afssas) ur ar ittyura ɣ tuẓẓumt n tguri. Yiẓḍiṛ uɣri afssas ula ad yili ɣ tfirin ṛẓmnin:
Ɣ usnmarra imɣr, aɣri afssas ar bahra ittyura s Fatḥa. G kra n warratn yaḍn s Kasra.
Iɣritn n tuddma n tguri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Kra n idlisn tettyura gisn i- d u- s alif-mamduda nna tḍfṛ yāʼ nɣ wāw. Amsli a- g tuddma n tguri da ittyura s alif-mamduda nna iḍfṛn hamza ittyagaln, imdyatn:
Arratn yaḍn gisn ɣar yan umdya n uɣri n tuddma n tguri a-, ittyura gis s alif-mamduda:
G twilatin timɣrin g kraygat mani nɣ g kra n igzzumn ka, zun d arra Kitab Al-Asma n Ibn Tunart, da tettyura a- n tuddma s alif-mamduda nɣ alif mamduda d yat hamza nna tt zwarn:
Ɣ twilatin timɣrin, Ar ittara Ibn Tunart i- n tuddma s alif ilan yat lhmza ddaws, tiḍfur tt yā’:
Ɣ tuddma, u- da tettyura s alif d hmza ittyuzmmamn g tuẓẓumt nns, tiḍfur tt wāw:
Aɣri afssas n tuddma n tguri da ittyura s alif (s Tatḥa tamẓẓyant tamattuyt g uḍris imɣr):
G warratn yaḍnin, tiguriwin timaziɣin da ttyaflent gant tirimɣrin. Kud nna tettyura kra n tguri bla agaɣri, da ittyura a- n tuddma n tguri s walif, ttyuran i- d u- n tuddma s alif nna iḍfṛ ḥarf al-madd nna dids yuckan:
Iɣ ur ittyuzmmam ugaɣri, iẓḍaṛ alif-waw ad ig u- nɣ aw-, tiẓḍir alif-yā’ ad tg i- nɣ ay-:
Iɣritn n tgira n tguri[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ tgira n tguri, da bdda ittyura -a s alif. Kra n tkkal s alif maqṣura (ألف مقصورة) nɣ s hā’ (هاء)
Ɣ tgira n tguri, Wāw (الواو) da igzza aɣri -u nɣ aznaɣri -w. G kigan n tkkal da t iḍffṛ yan walif lli igan ɣar imis awnɣan:
Tirgalin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amata n trgalin ur illi umukris g tirra nnsnt:
Tilli ur illin ɣ uskkil aɛṛab dḥint imaziɣn ad stin askkil akkʷ yaẓn i yimsli lli tgzza.
Aya a f ar nttafa 'ḍ' ittyura s ṭā’ (طاء) acku asusru n ض ɣ wakud ann naḥya t d win tɛṛabt tanawayt tatrart, imdyatn:
Targalt ẓ da tettuzmmem s zāy (زاي) nɣ s ṣād (الصاد)
Ɣ kra n imdyatn idrusn, askkil ṣād (الصاد) da igzza ṣ:
Targalt g da tettuzmmam s ǧīm nɣ kāf nɣ qāf:
Targalt j da tettuzmmam ǧīm nɣ cīn:
Targalt tussidt ǧǧ da bedda tettuzmmam s ǧīm:
Agancuc
Ar ittuzmmam ugancuc n trglin tulɣiwanin g tirra timɣrt s tmatart ḍamma (الضمة), f uskkil nna nit ilan agancuc nɣ walli t izwarn.
Isugam[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ برونياتي ّلي, فيرموندو, مُختاراتٌ لمخطوطاتٍ بالأمازيغيةِ الليبيَّةِ والتونسيَّةِ مِن حقبٍ مختلفة - وصف وتعليق, Al-Manahil 100 (Fall-Winter 2020): 47-54
- ↑ Saadouni, M., & Stroomer, H. (2020). Tashelhiyt berber manuscripts in Arabic characters: an update. Études et Documents Berbères, N° 42(2), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.3917/edb.042.0193
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 et 3,3 نوحي, الوافي (2020). مجلة المناهل، العدد 100، لمحات عن الرصيد الأمازيغي المکتوب. التراث الأمازيغي المخطوط بالمغرب: نظرات في النشأة والتطور.
- ↑ Boogert, Nico van den. 2000. Medieval Berber orthography. In: salem chaker & Andrzej Zaborski, eds. Études berbères et chamito-sémitiques. Mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse. Paris & Louvain: Peeters. 357–377.
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