Ahmed Boukhari – D agensas n weɣref n Uneẓruf Utrim
Aseqqamu n Tukksa n Ussehres – Tadwilt Tanumant
17 Yunyu 2016
Mass Aselway,
Riɣ ad k-snemmreɣ, ama d kečč, ama imaslaḍen n Useqqamu Uzzig n Tukksa n Ussehres, ɣef tegnit ay iyi-d-yettunefken akken ad iliɣ, s yisem n weɣref n Uneẓruf Utrim, deg tedwilt-a tanumant n Useqqamu.
Nusa-d seg Usarag ay nga deg Managua, tamurt n Sandino, anda, deg ṛṛuḥ n tegmat n unabaḍ n Nicaragua, nga iskasiyen (débats) s wazal-nsen d wembaddel n tekta seg wul yeṣfan ɣef temsalt n tukksa n ussehres (décolonisation) n Uneẓruf Utrim. Tamsalt n Uneẓruf Utrim tesɛa kra n ṣṣifat ay tt-yessemgerraden ɣef temsal niḍen yellan deg wahil n Useqqamu-a. D netta ay d akal afriqi awḥid yellan deg wahil n Useqqamu uzzig n tukksa n ussehres. Tuɣdaḍt n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, MINURSO, ay d-yesnulfa Useqqamu n Tɣellist (sécurité) akken ad d-tessuddes tasefrant n ugguccelman, attan, ass-a, deg wakal n Uneẓruf Utrim, yernu la tettṛaju ad teg ccɣel ayyes tettwaweṣṣa deg wakud aydeg Meṛṛuk tergel abrid i ccɣel-a. Aḥric seg yixeddamen-nnes atni, seg 1991, ddaw uḥuddu n yiɣallen iṣeḥrawiyen deg yikalen yettwaslellin.
Tamsalt-a tesɛa azal d ameqran yernu yettḍafar-itt Umaru Amatu n Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, tagensast (représenant) tuzzigt, Massa Kim Boldouc, d umazun udmawan, anmahal (ambassadeur) Christopher Ross i Uneẓruf Utrim. Seg yidis niḍen, terra Tdukli Tafriqit aselway aqbur n Muzambik, Mass Chissano d amazun uzzig i Uneẓruf Utrim, yernu tṣaḥ-it-id tegnit, deg Yebrir yezrin, ay d-yini i yimaslaḍen n Useqqamu n Tɣellist dakken Tafriqt tḥar ad tessuffeɣ assehres seg Uneẓruf Utrim.
Wa d ugur n ussehres (colonisation) ay werɛad yefrin, yegla-d s wemgaru (guerre) aydeg uzzlen idammen 16 n yiseggasen, yernu asseɣzef-nnes, a Mass Aselway, ur d-yelli d tajrimt kan mgal weɣref aṣeṛhawi, wanag d tuggza yezgan i talwit d tɣellist n temnaḍt.
Ɣef lǧal n ṣṣifat-a tiwḥidit, yessefk ad yefk Useqqamu Uzzig akud d wussisen akken ad yekkes assehres seg wakal-a afriqi s webrid ummid. Nnig waya, ur yezmir ad ye gaya ala ma iquder aqader umqit tineɣtusin n Wegraw Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, d tineɣtusin ay d-inejṛen abrid i Useqqamu-a. Ɣef waya ara ɛawdeɣ ad d-greɣ tiɣri i ussuddes n tedwilt tuzzigt ɣef temsalt-a d wazzun n tuɣdaḍt ara yerzun ɣef wakal-a akken ad d-tesmer isefka ay d-telqeḍ Tuɣdaḍt n 1975. Tuɣdaḍt-a ay yessefken ad tqader tiddit n uferru n temsal “tajṛut s tejṛut”, yessefk ad tettwazen war leɛḍil. Ulayɣer ma smektiɣ-d, da, dakken Aseqqamu Uzzig, deg lehhu ay d-yelha s wugur n yikalen ur yesɛin tafulmant, la ixeddem d yigensasen uzrifen n yikalen-a ayyes testeɛṛef Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen d tnezmarin tinedbalin, yernu yella-d waya ddaw umagrad wis 73 n Werkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. Eǧǧ-iyi, a Mass Aselway, ad d-iniɣ anwa yellan d acu-t s uqader n tneɣtust 3437 (1979) n Useqqamu Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. Seg yidis, yernu ddaw tneɣtust-a, ɣef leḥsab n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen d Useqqamu Uzzig, Tirni n Polisario d nettat ay d tagensast tuzrift ay yesseddan, seg 1973, imenɣi n weslelli aɣelnaw mgal ussehres aspenyuli, sakkin, seg 1975 d asawen, mgal yinexlafen n Spenyul, timura n Meṛṛuk d Muriṭanya. Ass-a, wwḍen swaswa 43 n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi ay meḥqen yiɣallen ispenyuliyen timeskanin timelwiyin ay d-yellan deg Zemla, d taɣiwant deg tmaneɣt yettwaḍḍfen n Leɛyun. Deg yimenɣi-a umi yefka lqanun agraɣlan tazerfa, d igiman (milliers) n yimeɣrusen ay yefkan tudrin-nsen d asfel ɣef uzarug aɣelnaw. Aneggaru deg-sen d aselway Mohamed Abdelaziz. Seg yidis niḍen, deg tmuɣli n Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, Meṛṛuk ur telli d tanezmart tanedbalt s wudem n lqanun akken ad d-teqqen iman-nnes tuqqna iṣelḥen d Useqqamu-a deg wayen yerzan Aneẓruf Utrim. Meṛṛuk d tanezmart tahersant ay yellan tebɣa yernu mazal-itt tebɣa ad tesseqdec tarrayin tizernanin ixulfen leɛwayed tidiplumatiyin yernu ad d-tḥettem ccuruḍ-nnes ɣef Useqqamu ay d-yelhan s tukksa n ussehres. Tuffɣa-a n webrid tban-d deg Nicaragua yernu tban-d daɣ ass n ttlata yezrin. Ma yella ttgen aya deg tesɣimt n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, ihi ɣas xaylet-d d acu ara gen deg wakal yettwaḍḍfen n tmurt-nneɣ, anda ay ttwaḍḍfen yimezdaɣen d imeḥbas deg tmurt-nsen. Akken ay d-tenna tneɣtust 3437 (1979) n Wegraw Amatu, Meṛṛuk d tamurt ay yeḍḍfen akal-a war lqanun yernu ur yelli d ayla-nnes, d akal wuɣur tuzen igiman d yigiman n yemharsen (colons), yernu azzun-a yessaweḍ ɣer tegnit aydeg imezdaɣen iṣeḥrawiyen uɣalen, ass-a, d tidersi deg wakal yettwaḍḍfen. Leqwanin igraɣlanen d yemtawayen (conventions) n Geneve iban wayen ay d-ttinin deg wayen yerzan tuffɣa ay yeffɣen ccɣel-a i lqanun. Ihi ɣef waya, ẓran yimaslaḍen n Useqqamu dakken igmaḍ n s kra n ccɣel asertan, adeblan neɣ afranan ara teg Meṛṛuk deg Uneẓruf Utrim ur yesɛi kra n lqima deg lqanun, ur yesɛi kra n tzerfa, yernu ur yezmir ad yettwasseqdec waya i ubeddel n tiddit n Useqqamu Uzzig deg wayen yerzan lwajeb-nnes ddaw Werkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. Yettwasnulfa-d Useqqamu-a i tukksa n ussehres, maci i ussezref-nnes. Msefhamen yimaslaḍen-nnes akken ad qelɛen assehres seg Uneẓruf Utrim ddaw tneɣtust 1514 (XIX) d tneɣtust 3437 (1979) d wakk tid ay d-iḍefren, d ddaw n leḥkem n Ccṛeɛ Agraɣlan n Teɣdemt d leḥkem n uneṣṣaḥ usḍif n Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, Hans Corel, n Yennayer n 2002. Assuffeɣ seg webrid-a anamek-nnes d anadi n uttekki deg ussehres-a awelɛaṛ aydeg yettwaqher weɣref amelwi ay d-yettwaẓẓɛen seg wakal-nnes. Meṛṛuk ur telli d amedya ara yettwaḍefren. Ula ma tnuda-d ɣef win wukud ara teddukkel deg werkaḍ n lqanun agraɣlan d yizerfan n tlelli n kra n weɣref yettwaḍelmen deg wakal-nnes, aya ur yettbeddil abrid ay yenjeṛ umezruy, yeznu amezruy ur iṛeḥḥem. Meṛṛuk d tasehrast yernu kenwi teẓram aya, anrar yessken-d aya yernu, war ma nedda mebɛid, a Mass Aselway, aya iban-d deg tedyanin ay d-yellan seg wasmi ay d-tella tedwilt tanumant taneggarut n Useqqamu deg Yunyu n 2015.
Tummɣa tusridt ay temmeɣ Meṛṛuk deg Umaru Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ɣef ljal n terzi-nnes, deg Meɣres yezrin, ɣef Uneẓruf Utrim d temnaḍt, d weɣtas (décision) n tuẓẓɛa, ass n 16 Meɣres, n yixeddamen isertanen d yiɣarimen n MINURSO, d lecɣal ay d-yesskanayen dakken tanezmart yeḍḍfen akal aṣeḥrawi tefren abrid n wemqazem d wemɣiwan agraɣlan, abrid n tmenɣiwt n ukala n talwit d udemmer n temnaḍt ɣer wayen ara d-yawin ugar n ccwal. Taneɣtust 2285 (2016) ay yeddem Useqqamu deg Yebrir yezrin twekked-d ɣef “tuɛjilt aydeg MINURSO yessefk ad d-terr ixeddamen-nnes akken ad teḍmen assmad n lewṣaya-nnes, yernu lewṣaya-a terza assuddes n tsefrant n ugguccelman. Tessuter tneɣtust-a seg Umaru Amatu d umazun-nnes udmawan ad d-swejden tuzzya tis 5 n lemcawṛat talɣanin gar Terni n Polisario d Meṛṛuk, d lemcawât ay teḥbes Meṛṛuk deg 2009. Ar imir-a, a Mass Aselway, ur uɣalen yixeddamen n MINURSO ɣer Uneẓruf Utrim, ur d-uɣalent lemcawṛat.
Deg tegnit aydeg ur yelli ccek ad tkemmel Meṛṛuk tiddit-a aydeg ara teɛreḍ ad d-terbeḥ akud, yessefk ad yeg Useqqamu n Tɣellist kra yernu ur yettṛaju arma d 30 Yulyu akken ad t-ixebber Umaru Amatu. Tirni n Polisario tettɛawad tettwekkid-d tiɣri i Useqqamu n Tɣellist akken ad d-yelhu s tmasit-nnes (responsabilité) yernu ad iḥezzeb akken ur d-yettili yimenɣi ara d-yawin ccwal ama i weɣref aṣeḥrawi, ama i weɣref ameṛṛuki. Kečč, a Mass Aselway, ama da, ama anda niḍen, yernu ddaw yimenzayen ur yettbeddilen n tegduda tabolivarit n Venezuela d lqanun agraɣlan, ɣer yidis n tmura niḍen n Useqqamu am Uruguay, Angula, Ziland Tamaynut d Rusya, gar tiyaḍ, ur tcuḥḥed i wussisen akken ad txedmed ɣef talwit, akken ur tettili talwit –ayɣef ixeddem Useqqamu akken ad tt-yeḍmen- d awal kan ilem deg waḍu. S waya, tanemmirt-nneɣ d tin n wakk timura ay iḥemmel talwit – yernu ggrent, akken ay d-neẓra ass n ttlata yezrin – d tanemmirt ur yesɛin tilisa. D acu kan, mazal yella umihi n lexṣara, yernu simal la d-tettqerrib tegnit tuḥṛist aydeg yezmer ad d-yili waya.
Ɣef leḥsab n Terni n Polisario, MINURSO d yixeddamen-nnes d azamul n wemsefham n Wemɣiwan Agraɣlan i uferru amelwi n wugur aneggaru n tukksa n ussehres deg Tefriqt, maca ur yessefk ad yili wuɣal n yixeddamen-a d netta ay d iswi. Iswi netta d asduqqes n lemcawṛat tusridin gar sin n yidisan ay terza taluft i weḍman n tifrat tamelwit d ussefɛel n umenzay n ugguccelman ara yeǧǧen aɣref aṣeḥrawi ad yefren imal-nnes s tlelli deg yisenduqen n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, s tsefrant tuɣdimt, d tilellit. Ur telli tifrat niḍen menɣir ta i wugur n tukksa n ussehres.
Azref n weɣref-nneɣ i ugguccelman mazal tergel-as Meṛṛuk abrid s yiɣil. Taneɣtust 2625 n Wegraw AMatu tettwali dakken argal-a n webrid d “tajrimt tagraɣlant”. Ula ma yella-d waya, yernu ula ma yettwaḥettem-d wemgaru aruɣdim ɣef weɣref-nneɣ, werǧin tergim Terni n Polisario imal. S webrid n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen d Tdukli Tafriqit, nefka-as i Meṛṛuk tilemmiẓin s wazal-nsent i lmend n tifrat s webrid n tugdut d talwit akken ad d-neffeɣ seg webrid urgil n taluft-a s yiseɣ, yernu numen dakken ma yella-d waya, lejruḥ n taluft-a ɣezzifen yessazzlen idammen ad jjyen yernu ad d-tili tmuɣli n talwit tucrikt deg nnfeɛ n yiɣerfan n temnaḍt-a s lekmal-nnes. Mazal-aɣ neqqen ɣer tmuɣli-a maca assuffeɣ-nnes ɣer tidet yeqqen, ladɣa, ɣer wussisen n Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen akken ad tergel abrid i ccwal.
Gar waya d wayen niḍen, s ussirem dakken Aseqqamu-a Uzzig ad yettekki s ṣṣifa ijehden deg wussisen-a, tjebbed-d Terni n Polisario lwelha n yimaslaḍen n Useqqamu-a ɣef temsal niḍen yesɛan azal d ameqran, yernu ti d tukerḍa n teɣbula tigamanin n wakal ur yesɛin tafulmant d werkaḍ n yizerfan n wemdan n weɣref, ladɣa azref n ugguccelman. Aya akk ad t-nernu ɣer tuggza yellan ɣef talwit tamnaḍant ay izemren ad d-tekk seg taluft-a. Dɣa ɣef waya ay yessefk ad tettunefk ugar n tuzwirt i ukala n tukksa n ussehres seg Uneẓruf Utrim yellan d tahrest tafriqit taneggarut deg wahil-nwen. Qrib akk timura ay yettekkan deg Useqqamu lulent-d seg umenzay n ugguccelman. Ihi yella win ay yebɣan ad yettu aya ass-a neɣ yella win ay la t-yettdemmiren akken ad t-yettu?
Tanemmirt
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