Tazwart
Mi ara yemmeslay yiwen i baba-s, neY i umdakel-is, neY i uqcic ameẓyan, mebla ccek, yemgarad wamek ara asen-yemmeslay. Akken daYen ay temgarad tmeslayt n win yellan deg ssuq, akked win yellan deg tneYrit, deg lqahwa, deg uxxam… D aya umi nessawal deg tesnilestmettit “iswiren (izmamen) n tutlayt”[1]. S unamek-nniḍen, yiwen n yizen nezmer ad t-nessiweḍ s tefyar yemgaraden almend n tegnatin n usiwel, almend n win umi nettmeslay. Iswiren n tutlayt, d tamsalt yerzan tussna n tesnilestmettit[2]. Maca, nezmer ad nezrew tamsalt-a i yiswan-nniḍen. Amezwaru deg-sen, d asuYel[3]. Ma ira yiwen ad d-yessuYel seg tutlayt Yer tutlayt-is, neY ad yessuYel seg tutlayt-is Yer tutlayt-nniḍen, yewwi-d ad yerr azal i yiswiren-a n tutlayt. Wis sin deg-sen, d azal n yiswiren n tutlayt deg tigin n usegzawal. Acku, yal tawwurt, yewwi-d ad d-nebder deg waniwa aswir n tutlayt ay tettuseqdac[4]. Wis krad, d aslugen n tutlayt. Ma nra ad neslugen tutlyat, yewwi-d ad tt-neg d iswiren.
Deg umahil-a, ad neɛreḍ, deg tazawara, ad d-nesnekwu iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit akken llan deg timawt. Syin, ad d-nessumer tarrayt i usismel n yiswiren-a almend n yiswiren n tutlayin yesɛan ilugan.
Tasnarrayt
Deg tazawara, ad d-nesbadu d acu umi qqaren iswiren n tutlayt, ad d-nessegzi aniwa iswiren asilsanen n tutlayt ay ttḥazen.
Send ad d-neglem iwiren n tutlayt taqbaylit deg timawt, ad d-neglem amek i d-ttbanen yiswiren n tutlayt deg usegzawal n Dallet[5]. Almend n yiswiren ay yesseqdec deg usegzawal-a, ara nesɛu tikti Yef yiswiren yellan deg tutlayt iYef d-nettmeslay. Deg taggara, ad d-nefk tarrayt s wayes nezmer ad nessimel iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit i yellan Yef tizi n uslugen.
D acu i d isiwiren n tutlayt?
Akken i d-yesbadu Greimas asiwr n tutlayt : « deg tesnilestmetti, nessemras tanfalit asiwr n tutlayt akken ad d-nemmel aseqdec n tutlayt tagamant, ay yettbeddilen almend n yiswiren n yiswiren nimettiyen ay tt-yessemrasen »[6]. Immekti aswir yessumer-it-id Reid deg yiseggasen 1950 akken ad d-yemmel tisenfelt tasnilsant i d-yettbanen deg tegnit tanmettit[7].
Aswir n tutlayt, d asemres n tmeslayt i d-nefren i win umi nesstmeslay, deg tegnit i ibanen. Temgarad tmeslayt-nneY almend: n win umi nettmeslay, ama i bab n twacult, ama i win ur nessin nezzeh, ama i uqcic ameẓẓyan, ama i win i aY-yugaren deg uswir n tmetti. Temgarad daYen almend n tegnit n usiwel, leɛmer n umsiwel, aswir-is adelsan, …
Abeddel yettḥazen tmeslayt, yettban ama deg wayen yerzan tamsiselt, ama deg wayen yerzan amawal, ama deg wayen yerzan taseddast[8].
Deg wayen yerzan tamesiselt, meḥsub d abeddel yettḥazen tunṭiqin n wawal-nni. Kra n yiemdyaten:
Baba —– aba
Tafunast —— tafunart (d acemmet)
Argaz —– argaḥ
Ma deg wayen yerzan amawal, d abeddel n wawalen s wiyaḍ. Meḥsub ad nesseqdec awal deg wadeg n wayeḍ almend n tegnatin n usiwel. Kra n yimedyaten:
Idmaren ——- tibbucin
Aman n tasa ——- ibeccicen
Ttbɛa ——-taxna
Ma deg yerzan taseddas, d asileY n tefyar tirjerrumanin. Tifyar-a, mgaradent Yef tefyar tiluganin. Kra n yimedyaten:
Ur yi-d-yenni ara. —— yenna-yi-d ara.
D netta ara yawin. —– d netta ara ad yawin.
Ad d-tas. — ad tas-d.
Tamawt: abeddel yettḥazen tutlayt taqbaylit, yettili-d s waṭas neY deg tuget deg uswir numawal, ugar n uswir n temsislit akked tseddat.
Iswiren n tutlayt deg usegzawal n Dallet
Deg umur-a, nekkes-d deg usegzawal n Dallet tiwwura ideg i d-yebder aẓayer n useqdec-nsent deg tmettit. Tamawin-a i d-yefka, neǧǧa-tent akken llant s tutlayt tafransist (ẓer tijenṭaḍ sb..). Deg tazawara, ad d-nefk tawwurt, aẓayer-is, agdazal n tewwurt s tefranasist, syin ad d-nefk asebter n tewwurt. Asismel n wammud-nneY, ur d-yelli la s uẓar, la s ugemmay. Yella-d akken i d-myizwaren deg usegzawal-nneY. Deg taggara, nessaweḍ Yer yigemmaḍ-a:
· Deg usegazawal n Dallet, nufa-d anagar sebɛa uɛecrin (27) n tewwura, yefka-yasent-id aẓayer n useqdec-nsent deg tmetti.
· Iswiren n tutlayt i d-yettbanen deg wammud-nneY d wi:
– Tameslayt n warrac (langage enfantin), nufa-d tmanya (08) n tewwura.
– Tameslayt ur nelhi (avec excuse), nufa-d sebɛa (07) n tewwura.
– Awalen yerzan igmamen n tuzzuft (grossier), nufa-d ɛecra (10) n tewwura.
– Awalen iwessaren, nufa-d snat (02) n tewwura.
· Timsal umi yerra azal deg wayen iswiren n tutlayt, d tuzzuft. Meḥsub, awalen yerzan imgamen n tuzzuf, akked wassaYen n tuzzuft, iga-yasen tamawin. Am wakken i yerra azal i tmeslayt n warrac.
· Iswiren-nniḍen ur d-ttbinen ara deg usegzawal n wammud-nneY.
Iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit (deg timawt)
Mgaraden yiswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit akken mgaraden yiswiren inmettiyen n tutlayt-a.Meḥsub akken yuli uswir n umdan deg tmetti, i yettali uswir ntmeslayt-is.Akken daY, i ttemgirident tegnatin n usiwel, ay yettemgirid useqdec n tmeslayt.Deg umur-a, neglem-d kra n yiswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit, akken mseḍfaren yiswiren inmettiyen n tutlayt-a:
Aswir unnig
Ay t-yesseqdacen d wid yesɛan aswir aɛlayan deg tmetti. Ad d-nebder gra-asen imusnawen, imedyazen ifsiḥen[9]. Wi seqdacen awal nezzeh, ttarran azal i ccbaḥa n umeslay. Akken ad asen-yefhem yiwen, yewwi-d ad yesseqdec allaY-is d tmussni-s. Gar tsekkiwin n n tmeslayt-nsen ad naf: isefra, inazan, timesɛraq, tinfaliyin n tutlayt,…
Gar tulmisin n uswir-a, ad naf tinsiwalt (vocabulaire) d tin yelhan, ilugan n tseddast ttuqadaren seggmen. Ameskar, yessemras awalen qlil-iten, akken daYen i yesseqdac tenfaliyin tuddisin yuɛer akken ad tent-yegzu yiwen.
Gm. Amawal n uswir-a, yewwi-d ad t-nessemgired Yef umawal n tutlayt tuzzigt. Anamek n waya, yemgarad umawal n wid yesseqdacen aswir unnig, imi atas ur t-nfehhem ara Yef umawal uzzig, i yerzan yiwet n taYult kan.
Tutlayt tumrist (timseqdect)
D tutlayt i semrasen yimdanen akk ama meẓẓi, ama meqqer. Nessxdama-itt mi ara nettmeslay i yiwen ur t-nessin ara nezzeh, i win i aY-yigaren deg leɛmert, i wid i daY-yefka lḥal (gar-aneY assaY n timarewt), …
Ula deg uswir-a, ilugan n tseddast ttuqadaren. Win yettmeslayen, yessemras angal i sexdamen tuget n yimsiwal. Awalen ttwafhamen s sshala. Ma d tifaliyin yettusemrasen d tid i imucaɛen gar yisiwal.
Aswir anadday
Yettusemras gar yimdanen yemqaraben nezzeh (am yimdukal), tameslayt d timserreḥt, semrasen awalen d ugzimen. Ilugan n tseddast ur ttuqadaren ara.
Nezmer ad d-neber kra n yimawalen yerzan aswir-a:
Amawal n tuzzuft, d amawal ur nezmir ad nesseqdec gar wid yecrek wassaY n timarewt, yettujneḥsab d amawal n diri, n yihwah.
Tameslayt n warrac: d tin ay sexdamen warrac imeẓẓyanen, yettili-d deg-s waṭas ugezzum n wawalen.
Tarrayt i usismel n yiswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit
Deg wayen yezrin, nemmeslay-d Yef wamek ay d-ttbanen yiswiren n tutlayt taqbylit deg timawt. Akken neẓra tutlayt tamaziYt (taqbaylit) i yellan Yef tizi n uslugen, abrid i iwatan i temsalt-a d tira. Deg tazawara, yewwi-d ad nessesmel iswiren n tutlayt. Isefran n usismel n yiswiren-a, ad ilin akka:
– Tutlayt talugant d tutlayt tanaddayt. Deg tmezwarut, ad nessismel akk iswiren n tutlayt talugant, seg uswir unnig almi d aswir anadday. Ama d wid yellan deg timawat, ama d wid yellan deg tira.
– Almend n useqdec n tutlayt, ad nessemgired gar yiswiren n usemres amatu, akked usemres uzzig n yimawalen.
Deg tfelwit ara d-yasen, neɛreḍ ad nessismel iswiren n tutlayt taqbaylit, ilmend n yisefran ay d-nebder:
Tamawt: llan yiswiren seg wid i d-nebder, d nekkni id-asen-d-yessumren ismawen. Imi ar tura ur nettaf ismawen-nsen rer wid i iqeddcen deg tesniremt.
Nessemres “tameslayt turfist”, ilmend n wawal “areffes”, yesɛa anamek deg temnaḍt n Cemmini, win ur nessin ad yemmeslay. Yesseɛwaj, igezzem lehdur. Lehdur.
UmuY n yidlisen
1. dallet (J.-M.), Dictinnaire Kabyle-français, pareler des At Mangellat (Algérie), SELAF, Paris, 1982.
2. Dubois (J.) et al. Dictionnaire de linguistique, Larousse-Bourdas, VUEF, 2002.
3. Greimas (A.J.) et Courté (J.), Sémiotique, dictionnaire raisonné de la théorie du langage, HACHETTE, Paris, 1993.
4. Koustar (J.), Traduction, terminologie, rédaction, vol. 7, no 2, 1994.
5. Moreau (M.-L.), Sociolinguistique, concepts de base, Pierre Mardaga, 1997.
6. Rey-Debove (J.), La linguistique du signe, une approche sémiotique du langage, ARMAND COLIN, Paris, 1998.
7. Vinay (J.-P.) et Darbelnet (J.), Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais, Didier, Paris, 1950.
Tijenṭaḍ :
· Abbuc, grossier, pinis, sb5
· Bubbu/ bubbuc, langage enfantin, sein, sb5.
· Bubu, langage enfantin, fève, sb 5.
· Bbaḥ, langage enfantin, être gentil, sb 16.
· Bess/becc, langage enfantin, fais pipi, 53.
· Ccuccu, langage enfantin, viande, sb 71.
· Acekkar, peu employé, sac enorme, sb 87.
· Acluḥ, mot vieilli, burnus, sb 90.
· Acermim, grossier, clitoris, sb 110.
· Acɛir, grossier, poils du pubis ou des aisselles, sb 123.
· Aḥeččun, très grossier, ne se di qu’avec excuse, vulve, sb304.
· Jajja, , figues sèches, sb 357.
· Ajeḥniḍ, grossier, queue, membre viril, sb 365.
· Qaqqa, langage enfantin, fruit, sb 637.
· Aqjun, mot senti comme grossier ; employé pour insulter, chien, sb 657.
· Aqeḥbi, grossier, homme de mauvaise conduite, sb 656.
· Qaqaḥ, langage enfantin, excrément, caca, sb 656.
· Aqerqur, grossier, cul, derrière, sb 671.
· Uriḍ, avec exuse, pet, sb 708.
· Aṭembib, grossier, grosse lèvre, sb 840.
· Aṭerṭur, avec excuse, pet sonor, sb 842.
· Ṭṭeẓẓ , avec excuse, cul, derrière, sb 846
· Taxxna, très grossier, vulve, sb 902
· Yeɛyeɛ, langage enfantin, lait, sb 924 .
· Iẓẓan, avec excuse, merde, sb 926.
· Azerdum, avec excuse, humems épaisses et vertes, sb 956.
· Lɛar, avec excuse, honte, sb 997.
[1]Anamek n « yiswiren n tutlayt » deg tesnilestmettit, yemgarad Yef unamek-is deg tesnilest. Iswiren n tutlayt deg tesnilest, d wi: aswir n tesniselt/tamsiselt, aswir n tesnalYa/tasnamka, aswir n taseddast. [2] Koustar (J.), traduction, terminologie, rédaction, vol. 7, no 2, 1994, p 224/228. [3] Vinay (J.-P.) et Darbelnet (J.), Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais, Didier, Paris, 1950 , P 34. [4] Rey-Debove (J.), La linguistique du signe, une approche sémiotique du langage, ARMAND COLIN, Paris, 1998, p 97. [5]dallet (J.-M.), Dictinnaire Kabyle-français, pareler des At Mangellat (Algérie), SELAF, Paris, 1982. [6] « En sociolinguistique, on emploie l’expression niveau de langue pour désigner la réalisation d’une langue naturelle, qui varient en fonction des classes ou des couches sociales qui l’utilisent.», Greimas (A.J.) et Courté (J.), Sémiotique, dictionnaire raisonné de la théorie du langage, HACHETTE, Paris, 1993, p. 254. [7]Moreau (M.-L.), Sociolinguistique, concepts de base, Pierre Mardaga, 1997, 238. [8]Dubois (J.) et al. Dictionnaire de linguistique, Larousse-Bourdas, VUEF, 2002, p. 324. [9] Mammeri (M.) et Bourdieu (P.) «…..
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