Lmɣrib
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Mrrakc bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Lmɣrib (s tutlayt tɛrabt : « المغرب », al-Maɣrib ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Lmɣrib) nɣ s ism nns unṣib Tagldit n Lmɣrib (s tutlayt tɛrabt : « المَمْلَكَةُ المَغْرِبِيَّة », al-Mamlaka al-Maɣribiya ; s ugmmay n tfinaɣ : « ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ », Tagldit n Lmɣrib) tga yat tmazirt, ig yan wawenk igan tagldit, tlla ɣ iẓẓlmḍ s tagut n tafriqt, tg yat zɣ tmizar n tamazɣa. Tmaẓunt nns iga-tt Rrbaṭ, d tiɣrmt da akkʷ gis imqqurn tga-tt Tigmmi Tumlilt.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Fas, Mrrakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla. Iḥudda-tt-id zɣ ugafa ill agrakal, zɣ yiffus Muriṭanya, zɣ lqblt tamazirt n Dzayer, zɣ tagut iḥudda-tt-id ill Aṭalanti. Tamazirt ad tɣʷi kra n 710.850 km², d zdɣn gi-s kra n 36 id myun n middn iɣ nẓra tqdirat n usggʷas n 2019[8]. Iga Lmɣrib agmam ɣ ammas n Iwunak Munnin zɣ usggʷas n 1956, d iga yan zɣ tmizar lli-d iskrn Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn ɣ usggʷas n 1989[9].
Teṭṭaf tmazirt n Lmɣrib yan wanaw n tnbaḍt ig tgldit tadusturant, agllid nns iga tt Muḥammad wis-sḍiṣ, nttan ad ittnbaḍn tamazirt zɣ usggʷas n 1999 lliɣ immut babas Ḥasan wis-sin. Teṭṭaf tmazirt ad ula yan udustur ar si-s tswuri zɣ usggʷas n 2011, nttan a f ṣwwṭn tugt n inmuran.
Anssixf nɣ awazir amzwaru lli illan ɣil-ad iga-t Ɛaziz Axnnuc, lli igan anssixf n Ugraw Anamur i Insimann.[10]
Aẓur n yismsnfl
Ism n « Lmɣrib » ikka-d taɛṛabt. Anamk nns iga-t ɣilli ɣ ttggz tafukt. Ittyussan daɣ Lmɣrib ɣ dar imaratn iɛrabn s « almaɣrib alaqṣa » (المغرب الأقصى) lli t-igan « Lmeɣrib nna akkʷ yaggugen », s unamk n « adɣar akkʷ yaggugen nna ɣ tteggez tafukt ».
Ism n Amṛṛuk s tmaziɣt « ⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ » iga asmẓi n yism anṣli Murakuc nɣ Mrrakc, aẓur n ism ad igat « Amur n wakuc », Assinf ad iwin-t-id irwas tutlayin tiṛumiyin, ḍfṛn kullu ismawn lli akkant tmizar yaḍn taɣarast ad. Ar ttinin ifransawiyn « Maroc », isblyuniyn « Marruecos », Ibrtqqizn nɣ d iburtuɣaliyn ar ttinin « Marrocos », Ngalza ar ttinin « Morocco », Ilalmaniyn ar ttinin « Marokko ». Abla iturkiyn lli as ittinin « Fas », d iraniyn lli as ittinin « Murakuc ».
Ism aqbur lli s tettussan tamazirt n Lmɣrib igat « Muriṭanya », tkka-t-inn tagldit n Muriṭanya tga tagldit nna akk izwarn ɣ Lmɣrib, tsmun Lmɣrib n ɣila d tmazirt n Muriṭanya d imik ɣ Dzayr ( Ẓr Muriṭanya bac ad tssnt uggar ). Tfrn tt-id ismawn yaḍn zun d Mrrakc dar lmurabitin, d Fas.
Amzruysnfl
Azrmzruysnfl
Adɣar lli ɣ illa Lmɣrib ɣilad ikka-tt-inn ittuyzdaɣ zɣ uzmz aẓrwan aqbur, ɣ kra n wakud illan gr 190.000 d 90.000 m.ɛ (mnid ad ilul ɛisa). Tlla yat tiɣri tamaynut tzḍar ad tml mas t-inn ikka Lmɣrib ittuyzdaɣ urta akk tarix ad bɛd ma d ufan kra n ixsan n ufgan azayku ma mu ttinin Homosapiens tama n uftas n yill aṭlasi ɣ udrar n Iɣud lliɣ asn skrn taḥalil ufan mas lɛmr nnsn ar itturri s 315.000 q.ɛ, ɣayad ad yujjan ixsan ad ad gin tilli akk iqburn ɣ umaḍal akk[11].
Ɣ uzmz anaẓran (n uẓru) amaynu, uckand iṣyaḍn d imksawn, staqrn ɣ ṣavana n idɣarn nna. Tadlsa nnsn tsfalkay aylliɣ ibda waman ar t ittiliḥ bɛd 500 q.ɛ s ssbab n isnfal n unzwi. Idɣarn lli illan ɣ taman yill n Lmɣrib ɣ umzwaru n uzmz anaẓran amaynu tkka-tt-inn tmunn ddu yat tdlsa n lfxxar d tadlsa n idɣarn n yill agrakal. Tɣuriwin n tarkyulujit mlan masd ttadjin n tfunasin d tkrrazt s sin-itsn kkan-tt-inn ɣ uzmz ann. Ɣ uzmz n iɣir, tadlsa tajirsit tlkm ɣ-akud-ann s ugafa n Lmɣrib.
Azmz aqbursnfl
Tuckit n ifiniqin s iftasn imurwakucin yiwi s tsutin n unbaḍ n imẓẓin g yiẓẓlmḍ n Lmɣrib. Isbbabn ifiniqin iflayn tamnaḍt nɣd tasga n tagut ɣ yill umlil agrakal dat n tasut tiss tamt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns s imikk ṣkan tisgiyin n tisnt g yiftasn d isaffn n Lmɣrib. D gr timntawin mqqurnin izwarn n ifiniqin tlla g Cala, Liksus, d Mugadur.
Tucka-d tɣrma taqṛṭajit dat n tasut tiss smmust dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d tsmuzza n tkiriḍt nns ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt. Qṛṭaj trna tazdiwin n tsbbabt nns d tqqbilin timaziɣin, d ar asn takka aqqaṛiḍ ku asggʷas afadd ad tḥḍu amyawas nnsn g tsarwa n tngiwin timzwura.
Zzɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, tkkatt inn Muṛitanya tga tagldit taqqbilit tamaziɣt g ugʷmmaḍ agrakal n Lmɣrib, agllid i kullu iqqbuṛn ittussann mas inbḍ tagldit ad igat Baga, lli ynbḍn ɣ tasut tiss kṛaḍt dat n tlalit n Ɛisa d dffir nns yucka d Bukus amzwaru i ynbḍn gr 100 d 80 dat n tlalit, igldan imaziɣn ur ar yadlli bahra kkṛḍn iftasn, taɣawsa lli yssrxan akccum n iṛumin, ɣ-akud-ann aɣulnt kra n tsgiwin g Muṛiṭanya tga tamsddurruyt taṛumit g 33 dat n tlalit, d taɣul dffir nns kullut g usggʷas n 40 dffir n tlalit lliɣ inɣa umnukad Kaligula agllid Amuri Baṭelimus.
Unuɣ n takuct Diyana g Walili, Ṛuma tkkṛḍ ikaliwn n Muritanya, i yadlli ur bahra ittuswttan, s imsasatn d tmyaqqanin d tqqbilin tiẓuṛanin d g udɣar ad ig azzaɣ asrdasan, d tsiriw tissas nns ɣar f tsgiwin iɣ a yadlli tlummaẓ gis, d iɣ ur a bahra tsɣawsa kigan n isrdasn afadd attn t tḥḍu .
Tamnaḍt ad taɣul tga agzzum ɣ tamnukda n Ṛuma d yaɣul wassaɣ nns igat Muṛitanya Taṭnjit d tga tɣrmt n Ṭanjis nɣ Ṭanja amnru nns. ɣ tizi lliɣ inbḍ amnkad aṛumani Agsṭus, inbbaḍn n Muritanya taṭnjit lli yadlli inbḍn tasgiwin n yiffus n Vulubilis nɣ Walili. Kra n inmzrayn ar ttinin mas tlm tamnukda taṛumanit ar Anfa (Ɣila tga Tigmmi tumlilt s yism).
Ɣ usggʷas n 285 tffuɣ tamnukda taṛumanit ɣ Lmɣrib d uckan-d iwindaln igan tiqqbilin zzɣ tamazirt n ijiṛmanin, d ḍaṛat nnsn Iquṭin d Ibiẓanṭin. Ɣ tizi yad kkantt inn middn g idrarn ur tn isdurri awd yan, is tn yadlli nbḍn inbbaḍn d imɣarn zzɣ gisn. Ackn-d ilmma wid iskarn tiɣri i tamasiḥt s Lmɣrib g tasut tiss snat, d kra n middn izdɣn g iḍuṛan ad d ismgan d kra n imkrazn kcmn s usgd ad amaynu lli tn id ilkmn.
Azmz anammassnfl
Azzaɣ amuslm n tsga n Lmɣrib amuzzur, issntin ɣ tuẓẓmt n tasut tiss sat n tlalit, d imurs g ussnti n tasut tiss tamt. Azzaɣ ad yiwi d Lislam d tutlayt tasrɣint s Lmɣrib. Dffir nns yiwrri Lmɣrib iga agzzum g uwank amawi g tfṛiqt, d isnbaḍn n ku tasgiwin ar ttustan zzɣ dar asnbaḍ imqquṛn g Lqirawan s tqbilin timaziɣin lli ikcmn lislam,macc awxxa ɣikan ɣaman f uslgn nnsn iqqbuṛn, d fkan argay I wawank amuslm amaynu. Uckan d kra n tqbilin tisrɣinin s Lmɣrib zdɣn gis d skrn tigldanin nnsn, zun d Ṣalḥ Bn Mnṣuṛ lli iṣkan tagldit n Nkkur d ifsr Lislam gr imzdaɣn n tgldit nns, tugtt n tikkal dffir lliɣ ar ttilin kigan n imnɣan.
G 750 tel, tiqqbilin timaziɣin nkrn mgal n tgllit tamawit. Tagrawla tssnta g dar tiqqbilin illan g tagut n Lmɣrib d tfsr dɣya g tmnaḍt kullu. Waxxa tagrawla tdrus d s 742 tel, urta tlkm Lqiṛawan, d ur sul ẓḍaṛn dffir nns isnbaḍn imawin nɣd ignsas nnsn iebbasin ad siwrrin anbaḍ nnsn f tagut n tfṛiqt. Lmɣrib g tizi yad iffuɣ afus n yimawin macc yiwrri ibḍa f kigan n tglda timaziɣin mẓẓinin zun d: Ibuṛɣwaṭin, Sijilmassa, Nkkur, d rnu fllasn Tilmsan, d Tahrt i yllan ɣilad g Dzayr g usggʷas n 789 tel, ittugma wawank aydrisi inbḍn Lmɣrib f g ufus n Idris iwis n Ɛbdllah, i yadlli irwln zzɣ yat tmdayt g usggʷas n 786 tel, d ifta s tɣrmt n Walili d tbrrkt taqqbilt n Uṛaba tamaziɣt, dffir nns issnta inmuzun nns ar kiɣ ilkm awank n Tamsna, Fizaz, d Tlmsan. Ar kiɣ t inɣa Haṛun Ṛṛacid s ustci, ilmma yumẓ iwis Idris wiss sin anbaḍ dffir nns lliɣ dars 12 usggʷas. Afrux ad igad argaz d issmɣur anbaḍ nns ar kiɣ yumẓ Lmɣrib kullut, d iṣka tiɣrmt n Fas.
Lliɣ iḍṛ unbaḍ Aydrisi, d zzɣ usggʷas 1060, ssntan t tidfrin timaziɣin ar ttnbaḍn Lmɣrib, Awank amzwaru gitsn iga t uwank n Imṛabṭn zzɣ tqqbilt n ilmtunn lli iḍfuṛn i tqqbilt imqquṛn n yiẓnagn. Awank n Yimṛabṭn tmurs g ad tsmun tamazirt n Umurnwakuc. Dffir n Yimṛabṭn uckan d kigan n tglda tiyyaḍ zun d Imwwuḥḥidin, Imarinin, Iwṭṭasn, d Isedin yat tḍfuṛ tayyaḍ d kraygat yat ar tskar amnru nns g iɣrman imqqurn g Lmɣrib ɣakud ann. Tiɣrmin ad ar ttussanent ɣilad s tiɣrmun n tamnukda tamurwakucit. D ḍaṛat n tasut tiss 11 tel, buɣlan t teglda yad d urrint gan t idwasn imqquṛn g tagut n Tafṛiqt s usrag n tmnaḍin mqqurnin lli yadlli nbḍn gis d awr nttu ula Landalus. Lliɣ tḍr Landalus rurn kigan n imuslmn d udayn s Lmɣrib f yimnɣi lli ssnkrn t tgldanin timasiḥin, lli ittusann ɣilad s yimnɣan n usuwrruy.
Azmz amaynusnfl
G umzruy amaynu ɣaman Isedin g unbḍ ar usggʷas n 1659. dffir nns tnunnt tdfrt n Iealawin i yadlli inbḍn tagldit n Tfilalt zzɣ 1635. tadfrt ad tules tsmun Lmɣrib g usggʷas n 1666. G usggʷas n 1684 yurrid Mulay Smaeil iwis n Ccrif s Ṭanja zzɣ Ingliz d issnta ar ismun tiɣrmin n Lmɣrib g yan wawank imunn, mqqar ugint kra n teqqbilin addiss munnt, ikkattinn Lmɣrib ad igan awank amzwaru issikzn s tsimant n Mirikan g ussnti n tgrawla tamirikanit g usggʷas n 1787. Ukan kkan tt inn tinawin timirikanin ittkkan illan n Lmɣrib ar fllasn ttakʷayn imritln imaziɣn, dffir nns iɣtes ugllid Muḥmmad wiss kṛaḍ masd ku tinawin timirikanin rad magẓnt zzɣ tukyiwin n imritln g tetgart n tiddukla ittuskrn g usggʷas n 1777. d tatgart ad tga ɣilad zzɣ titgarin tiqqbuṛin itskr Mirikan, d i sul isuln ar ɣass ad.
Zzɣ tazwiri n tasut tiss 18 ibidd Lmɣrib mnid yat tgrawla imqqurn ittuzdan d tgrawla tamgurant tussnta g Uṛupa, d yurm Lmxzn ad iskr kigan n isuɣdn afad ad imun d usrus amaynu I'll an g mnid nns, d gr isuɣdn ad:
- Issnta Lmɣrib ar issifiḍ imuzar xf islulla d ikrḍ fllasn Lmxzn ad sskṛẓn tiḍaf afad ad ur tɣama tikki d temxxart, d tssgdl asnsr n iqqaṛiḍn n tmizar n bṛṛa.
- Iṣka wawank yat tinml tamaynut g Sela afad ad gis ttuɣran timassanin timaynutin n uzmz ann, d ar takka taggazt i yinlmadn, d tṣṣifḍ ismmigln s bṛṛa.
- Zzɣ ismmigln i yeṣṣifḍ uwank, kra n inlmadn skrn asmuttg dar udfrir n Urupa n tagut, d isɣa d ɣakudan Lmxzn ilafn imaynutn d iṣka yan usakʷn n walaf g tɣrmt n Fas.
Lmxzn d tsrtitsnfl
Lɛṣkṛsnfl
Tadamsasnfl
Azmz iqṛṛbnsnfl
Tasrtit d tmrsalsnfl
Angraw n tnbaḍtsnfl
Adustur d tmrsalsnfl
Acnyal d izli anamursnfl
Tibḍit tamssugurtsnfl
Tasgiwinsnfl
Ɣ usggʷas n 2015 ttusnfln tasgiwin n tmazirt aylliɣ skrn gisnt sin d mraw n tsgiwin ad tnt igan :
- 1. Tasga n Ṭanja-Tiṭwan-Lḥusima
- 2. Tasga n Agmuḍ
- 3. Tasga n Fas-Mknas
- 4. Tasga n Rrbaṭ-Sla-Lqnḍrt
- 5. Tasga n Tigmmi Tumlilt-Sṭṭat
- 6. Tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifra
- 7. Tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi
- 8. Tasga n Dṛɛa-Tafilalt
- 9. Tasga n Sus-Massa
- 10. Tasga n Glmim-Asif Nun
- 11. Tasga n Lɛyun-Tala Tazggaɣt
- 12. Tasga n Ddaxla-Asif n Wurɣ
Timdinin mqqurninsnfl
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib kigan n timdinin d iɣrman zun d ukan akk tmizar n umaḍal. Ilin kra n 70 tmdinin nna ɣ illa uggar n 50 000 umzdaɣ, talli akk gisn imqqurn tga tt tiɣrmt n Tigmmi tumlilt s yan uṭṭun imzdaɣ iqrbn ukan aylkm 4 imlyunen n middn.
Ar aɣ immal uɣawas ad lli illan ddaw as mraw timdinin lli akk imqqurn ɣ tmazirt d mnck n imzdaɣ ad gisnt illant.
Tarakaltsnfl
Lmɣrib iga yat tmazirt lli ɣ illa ttanawuɛ bahra imqqurn ɣ ammas n imuɣliyn nns, ar gis nntafa kraygat anaw n ugama, zun d : idrarn, izaɣarn, tanrẓuft ...
Iwala Lmɣrib i tmizar lli iṭṭafn wakal izdin d yill aṭlasi, izf n uftas nns igatt Ixf n Spartil, lli illan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, ɣ tsga yaḍn n wakal ar nttafa Djabal Ṭariq, ɣ yixf ad nit aɣ itbdu yill agrakal. Ɣ iffus akk d iffus agmuḍan ar nttafa tanrẓuft tamɣrabit. Ɣ tuẓẓumt n tmazirt llan gis idrarn d izaɣarn.
Iṭṭaf Lmɣrib iwtta nns ɣ ugafa d yill agrakal, ɣ iffus Muriṭanya, ɣ ugmuḍ tamazirt n Dzayer, ɣ utaram iḥudda-ttid yill Aṭalanti. Tmazirt ad tumẓ yat tjumma n 710.850 km². Tmaẓunt nns iga-tt Rrbaṭ, d timdinin nns imqqurn gan-tn Fas, Mrrakc, Sla, Mknas, Agadir, Asfi, Ṭanja, Tiṭṭawn, Wujda, Lɛyun, Lḥusima, Bni Mllal, Lqnḍrt, Warzazat d Ddaxla.
Anzwisnfl
Anzwi n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ur igi yan, kraygat tsga ɣ tmazirt ad dars yan unzwi ur irwasn tasgiwin yaḍnin, ar nttafa anzwi anammasan (amutawaṣṣiṭi) ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, anzwi amuḥiṭi ɣ utaram, d unzwi anrẓufan (aṣḥrawi) ɣ iffus. Idɣarn nna ɣ illa yill gisn yan unzwi iɛdln izuzwan. Azgn n ugafa ar gis zrayn sin wannazn: annaz iɣurn (iqqurn) ar ittack ɣ gr ayyur wis-smmus d wis-tẓa n usggʷas, d wannaz lliɣ ar ittili unẓar ar ittack ɣ gr wayyur wis-mraw d wis-kkuẓ. Amma iffus n tmazirt illa gis yan unzwi igan aṣḥrawi iqqurn iḥman zun d kamit. Ar itettar unzwi n tmazirt s yat tumant tamaḍut tga tt ma mu nttini argigi n ugafa aṭlasi. Tumant ad ar tettḥkkam ɣ unẓar d udfl lli-d ittackan s Lmɣrib zɣ tsga n yill aṭlasi.
Idrarnsnfl
Uggar n tulutayn n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gis ɣar idrarn, ar tlkkm tiɣzi n kra n idrarn n tmazirt ad uggar n 4000 m ɣ iggi yill. Adrar n Tubqal ay-gan yixf n idrarn ad d nttan ad akk gisn iɣzzifn, tlkn tiɣzi nns 4167 m. Lmɣrib iga tmazirt waḥdat ɣ tmazɣa aɣ llan salasil n idrarn ikmmln ad t igan idrarn n waṭlas lli nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin: Aṭlas mẓẓiyn, aṭlas mqqurn d aṭlas anammas. Ad ur nttu ula idrarn n rrif lli llan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt, adrar lli akk gisn iɣzifn igatt adrar n Tidɣin s yat tiɣzi n 2456 m.
Idrarn n waṭlassnfl
Idrarn n Waṭlas gan yat trabbut imqqurn n idrarn illan ɣ tfriqt n ugafa. Idrarn ad umẓn zɣ iffus utrim n Lmɣrib ar ugafa n Tuns. Gisn ar nttafa udrar n Tubqal lli igan adrar akkʷ iɣzzifn ɣ ammas n tmazɣa s yat tiɣzi ilkmn uggar n 4000m.
Ɣ Lmɣrib, nẓḍar ad nbḍu idrarn ad s kraḍ n trabbutin, ar nttafa :
Aṭlas mẓẓiynsnfl
Idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣʷin yat tjumma imqqurn ɣ wakal n iffus n tmazirt zɣ yill aṭlasi ɣ iffus utaram ar iffus agmuḍan iɣ akk tzrit tasgiwin n Warzazat tlkmt tiɣrmt n Tafilalt (tumẓ ɣin tqriban kra n 500km n uzaru). Ɣ iffus dars iwtta d tnrẓuft (ṣṣḥra). Adrar lli akk illan ɣ ugmuḍ n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Saɣru, d iṭṭaf iwtta ɣ ugafa d idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn. Afa n idrarn ad iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli yadli igan yan uburkan, tlkm tiɣzi nns 3304 m.
Aṭlas mqqurnsnfl
Idrarn n waṭlas mqqurn nɣd Adrar n Drn gan idraren li kullu imqqurn ɣ tmazirt n umrruk. Iga Tubqal ixf n idrarn ad, nttan a-kullu gisn iɣzifen , yili ɣ tiɣzi n 4167 m. Idrarn ad bḍun Amrruk fsnat tsgiwin mqqurnin, yat bahra irɣan tḥbu fllas azazwu d yat ifan udm ns i yill ɣayn af tfulki bahra ɣ uzazwu nns.
Ar ttini kra n middn i idraran ad Adrar n Drn acku nttni ad yakkan tudrt i izaɣarn d igmmaḍn d kullu ikaliwn n tmazirt n umrruk acku nttni ad tkkan waman lli-f tbidd tudert n kraygat targant wala imuidar.
Adrar n Tubqal iga yan udrar illan ɣ ammas n idraren n waṭlas mqquṛn. Nettan ad akkʷ ittawssan nger idraren n lmɣrib acku nttat ad akk gisn iɣzzif, tiɣzi nns tugr 4000m. Adrar n tubqal assaɣ ns aẓuṛan iga tt tugga akal s tmaziɣt iga adrar i kullu yattuyn ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt d wiss sin ɣ tfṛiqt ffir n udrar n kilimangaru. d illa ɣ tizult n aṭlas amqqran, ɣ tmazirt n umur n wakuc (lmɣrib) yaggug-nn s 63 km f tɣrmt n mrrakc, d ar tlkkm tattuyt ns ar 4167 mitru.
Aṭlas anammassnfl
Idrarn n rrifsnfl
Izaɣarnsnfl
Isaffnsnfl
Aftassnfl
ibḍa uftas amṛṛukiy f sin, f yill agrakal d ugaraw aṭlantiy.
Taɣarinsnfl
Amunsnfl
Tutlayinsnfl
Zɣ mad ittini udustur lli-d iffuɣ ɣ usggʷas n 2011, ar nttafa mas gant tutlayt taɛrabt d tutlayt tamaziɣt tanawayt tutlayin tunṣibin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Tantala nna bahra ittuysawaln dar imɣrabiyn tga-tt darija nɣ ma mu nttini taɛrabt tamɣrabit. Iɣ nucka ad nẓr usiḍn lli ittyuskar s ifassn n tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws[12] rad naf mas 91.6% n imɣrabiyn ssn i yat zɣ tantliwin n tutlayt taɛrabt (90.8% ssn i darija, 0.8 ssn i lḥssanya) d mas 26% ssn i yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin (14,7% ssn i tclḥit, 7,9% ssn i tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas d 4% ssn i trifit), mac tuggt n middn ckkan f usiḍn ad is nit iṣḥa nɣd iskrkisn ka aynna, d tuggt nnsn nnan mas uṭṭun n willi sawalnin s tmaziɣt idrus bzaf f ɣaylli nit illan ɣ lwaqiɛ d mas uṭṭun n imsawaln n tutlayin timaziɣin izḍar ad akk yugr 50% n imzdaɣ[13][14].
Tuggt n willi sawalnin s tutlayin timaziɣin ar sawaln ula s darija, ɣayad acku ɣ yan uzmz tkka-tt-inn tlfaza d lmidya ar tzzray kullu isuyas nnsn s darija d ur jju d zrin kra s kra n tutlayt tamaziɣt, mayad yujja kigan n middn ad akk ttun tutlayt nnsn tamaziɣt ar sawaln ɣar s darija.
Tkka-tt-inn tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣ yan uzmz ur bahra yaggugn ddu ufus n Fransa d Ṣbanya, mayad yujja tutlayt tafransist d taṣbnyulit ad kcmn s tmazirt. Tkka-tt-inn tutlayt tafransist ɣ yan uzmz tga tutlayt tunṣibt, mac ɣila mqqar urt sul tgi, ar ka sul aqran imɣrabiyn tutlayt ad ɣ ammas n tinmal., tga ɣila tafransist tutlayt tabrranit tamzwarut ɣ tmazirt d nttat as bahra swurrin imɣrabin ɣ akk igran n tudrt nnsn slawan akk ɣ kullu mad izdin d twuri d tadamsa. Tlla ula tutlayt taṣbnyulit nna s isawal tqriban kra n 2 id mlyun n imɣrabiyn slawan ɣ ugafa n tmazirt. Tili tutlayt tanglizt ula nttat tntacr bahra ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin slawan dar iɛrrimn.
Middnsnfl
Uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib ɣila iga tt 36.5 imlyunen n middn. S yat zyada n 1.26% kraygat usggʷas. Uggar n 100.000 ibrraniyn zdɣn ɣ tmazirt ad, aɣlabya nnsn gan iṣbnyuliyn nɣ ifransawiyn umẓn latrit nnsn nɣ gan zɣ willi txdamn ɣ timssurin tigraɣlatin. Asɣl ad n zyada inaqsd ukan yan imik ɣ isggwasn n gr 1971 d 1982, lliɣ gis tlkm 2.5%.
Ɣ isggwasn ad ggranin ar nttafa ula isuqqiyn llid ikkan iffus n tnrẓuft ɣ akk timdinin mqqurnin n tmazirt.
Ar aɣ mmaln tiɣuriwin timaynutn mas uṭṭun imqqurn n iɛrabn d imaziɣn lli ar ntfrraq gratsn s tutlayt ur tn bahra naḥya ɣ mad izdin d tanfalit tawiratit nnsn. Tiɣuriwin ad mlant aɣ mas tamhlt n usɛrrb lli ijran ɣ ammas n tmazirt txdm mzyan. Ahablugrub-Y iga yan ukrumuzum ar itdda zɣ babas i warraw nns bla ad gis ijru kra n usnfl iɣrfan s iɣrfan. Tiɣuriwin lli ittuyskarnin f imɣrabiyn tmla aɣ mas 81.7% nnsn walan i uhablugrub E (iggut bahra dar imaziɣn)[15] d gisn nit 72.6% walan i uhablugrub E1b1b[16], swa ɣ idɣarn nna ɣ ttuysawal tɛrabt wala ɣilli ɣ ttuysawal tamaziɣt[17][18].
D yan uṭṭun idrusn n middn walan i uhablugrub J (lli bahra iggutn dar imzdaɣ n ugmuḍ anammas).
Isgdansnfl
Uṭṭun imqqurn n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib gan imuslmn, d nttan ay-gan asgd n tmazirt, d ula udustur n 2011 innat, d inna ula mas illa uzrf dar kraygat yan ad yamn s kraygat usgd iratt. Ɣ usnmkta n tmazirt ar gis ttinin mas 99% n ugdud iga amuslm, d 1% ann lli iɣaman gis insraniyn d udayn ...
Tiɣuriwin d isiḍnn lli ur gin imaddudn ar ttinin mas gr 85 d 90% zḍarn ad gin mutadayin. Isiḍnn ad ttuyskarn f ifḍan n imɣrabiyn tufa mas gr 3-14% zɣ willi d irarn nnan is ur gin mutadayinin, d 1% nnan akk is gan warasgdiyin (mulḥidin). Asiḍn n usggʷas n 2020 inna mas uṭṭun n warasgdiyin imqqur-d s kraṭ twal d mas aɣlabya nnsn gan iɛrrimn, d mas usɣl nnsn ilkmd 15% n imɣrabiyn.
Tadamsasnfl
Tawurisnfl
Tamgurisnfl
Tafllaḥtsnfl
Iqdduḥnsnfl
Taẓḍaṛtsnfl
Tamallaytsnfl
Tga tamdint tamṛṛukit tamzwarut lli baḥra d ittawin imallayn. ɣ usggas n 2008, Mṛṛakc dar yan uẓdar n ussns (hébergement) igaddan d 44 394 lkatri lgddam n Ugadir Agadir lli ddar illa 28 605 lkatri d Tigmmi tumlilt s 12 762 n lkatri. Ig umṛṛuk ɣaṣṣaḍ wisssin ɣ timizar ntmallayt ɣ ifriqya.
ɣid maymmalan tiskfal n ussns s lkatri n timdayyin n umṛṛuk ɣ usggas n 2008:[19]
Tadlsasnfl
Tifugliwin tinamurinsnfl
Ddaw as llan akk tfugliwin tinamurin d tisgdanin n tmazirt n Lmɣrib[20]:
Idɣarn n Yuniskusnfl
Llan ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib tẓa idɣarn ikcmn ɣ ammas n tmaddast n Yunisku n aydatn igraɣlann ɣ ussinew adlsan. Walli akk izwarn ikka-tt-inn ɣ usggʷas n 1981, d walli iggran ɣ usggʷas n 2012. Idɣarn ad ɣwid ad tnt igan s trtib n ukccum nnsn[21] :
- Tamdint taqburt n Fas (1981)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mrrakc (1985)
- Iɣrm n Ayt Bn Ḥddu (1987)
- Tamdint taqburt n Mknas (1996)
- Tamdint taqburt n Tiṭṭawn (1997)
- Ansa Arkyuluji n Walili (1997)
- Tamdint taqburt n Taṣṣurt (2001)
- Tamdint tabrṭqizt n Mazagan (2004)
- Tamdint n Rrbaṭ (2012)
Ilin kra n idɣarn yaḍni isrstn Lmɣrib d willi ran gisn ad kcmn ula nttni ɣ ammas n idɣarn ad n Yunisku:
- Mulay Dris Zahrun (1995)
- Tamdint n Taza d Jamɛ Lkbir (1995)
- Timzgida n Tinml (1995)
- Tamdint n Liksus (1995)
- Lkur (1995)
- Tantut n Tafuɣalt (1995)
- Agdal n Ṭlasmṭan (1995)
- Ansa n Ajkal (1998)
- Aglmam n Xnifs (1998)
- Adgal n Ddaxla (1998)
- Amda n Figig (2011)
- Ddarbiḍa (2013)
- Trabbut n imdwn Tiɣmrt (2016)
- Ansa aṣḥrawi n Asif n Nun (2016)
Tiwlafin fulkinin n tmazirtsnfl
Adfl ɣ ammas n tiɣrmt n Ifran ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas anammas.
Asmḍl n Mohammed V ɣ Rrbat.
Amur n Hassan ɣ Rrbat.
Bab Bujlud ɣ Fas.
Ixban n tiɣrmt n Walili.
Taɣart n yill agrakal ɣ Lḥusima.
Iɣrm agldan ɣ Tiṭwan.
Amrdul n Mrzuga.
Mnara n Mrrakc.
Agdal n Tigmmi Tumlilt.
Timzgida n Kutubiya.
Adrar n Tubqal.
Idrarn n Arrif.
Yat tsukt ɣ Ccawn.
lagune n Daxla.
Izdayn ittawiyn s mani yaḍnsnfl
https://www.lexilogos.com/maroc_carte.htm
- http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/moroccof.pdf takrḍa n UN ɣ 2005.
Iɣbulasnfl
- ↑ http://www.rgph2014.hcp.ma/Note-sur-les-premiers-resultats-du-Recensement-General-de-la-Population-et-de-l-Habitat-2014_a369.html
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita-PPP-based
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP
- ↑ http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita
- ↑ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/
- ↑ http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2016_statistical_annex.pdf
- ↑ Tqdirat n uṭṭun n imzdaɣ n tmazirt n Lmɣrib - Knoema.fr
- ↑ Adustur n 2011 Ar yaqra udustur n 2011 tamunt ad s yism n Tamunt n Lmɣrib Mqqurn
- ↑ Isti bab n waddur mass ɛaziz axnuc ad ig anssixf n tnbaḍt ismglt s tugi n tnbaḍt tamaynut - MAP Amaziɣ
- ↑ Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal, Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens, journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume:104, issue:15, pages:6128–33, date:April 2007, pmid:17372199, pmc:1828706 |doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104, bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S }}
- ↑ Tasmirit tamattayt n usɣiws - rgphentableaux.hcp.ma
- ↑ Aljazera - جدل بالمغرب بشأن عدد الناطقين بالأمازيغية
- ↑ Lakome2.com - جمعيات أمازيغية تطالب بالكشف عن "العدد الحقيقي" للناطقين بالأمازيغية في المغرب
- ↑ http://hpgl.stanford.edu 2012-04-14
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf E1b1b gant: M78 d M81
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf
- ↑ Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- ↑ :: Royaume du Maroc : Administration du Tourisme
- ↑ Emploi.gov.ma/docs/153200652832PM.doc - Tifugliwin n tmazirt
- ↑ Idɣarn n Yunisku - Tamazirt n Lmɣrib
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