Agzul : Deg umagrad-a ad d-nawi ɣef yiwen wudem n tira deg wungal Iḥulfan, n Kaysa Xalifi. Ad d-nessken deg-s amek i d-teddem inzan n tsekla tamensayt d wamek i ten-tura deg uḍris-is ungalen. Aya ad d-yili s usegzi n wassaɣen igerḍrisanen yellan gar yinzi, d afellaḍris akked d wungal, d addaḍris.
Awalen tisura : ungal, tira, inzi, tagreḍrisant, tabdert, ankaz
20/04/2020
Tazwart
Ma nessukkk tiṭ ɣef yiqeddicen iseklanen yuran s teqbaylit, ad naf aṭas n yimeskaren i d-itteddmen tiwsatin timensayin n tsekla taqburt akken ad leqqmen yes-sent tira-nsen.Am wakken llan weyiḍ i d-itedddmen iḍrisen n tsekla timawit akken ad ten-ngen d llsas ɣef ara sbedden tira-nsen. Aya yesskan-d yella wassaɣ ijehden nezzeh gar tsekla tatrart d tsekla tamensayt. D assaɣen i yezmer ad yeɛqel yiwen mi ara yettemlili, deg tɣuri, akked tewsatin tiqburin am tmucuha, umyiten, tiqsiḍin akked yinzan.
Amyekcem gar snat-a n tsekkiwin n tsekla, wwint-d fell-as aṭas n tezrawin. Gar-asent, tella tin Belgasmia (2001), deg-s yessken-d tilin n timawit deg wungalen n Rachid Aliche Asfel akked Faffa. Deg-s yessken-d akken abeddel i d-yellan ɣef tsekla taqbayli yegla-d s ubeddel deg tutlayt, nezger-d seg tutlayt n yal ass ɣer tin n tira d tɣuri. Imi Aliche, yessaweḍ yesnulfa-d tutlayt s wayes yezmer ad yesselḥu tasiwelt, rnu ɣer waya d aglam i d-yellan s tuget, d ayen ur nettwassen seg zik. Titouche (2002), yessken-d kra n tulmisin n tira n Belaid At Ali, i d-yeddmen timucuha tiqburin ibeddel-asent talɣa d tɣessa. Leqdic-is yettbin-d ladɣa deg usimɣur n tugzimin n wullis, anida i d-yeggar awennit-is, aya yagla-d s ubeddel n thuski n tmucuha.
Ameziane (2002, 2008), ula d netta seg tama-s, yessaweḍ ad d-yessken assaɣ-a deg tira n Amer Mezdad. Akken iwala, tiwsatin n timawit uɣent adeg d agejdan deg yiqeddicen -is, ladɣa ayen yeɛnan inzi, i yerra d tarrayt ɣef isebded asenfar-is n tira (ad d-nuɣal s telqey deg wayen i d-iteddun ɣef tmukrist-a). Yettbeddil-asen ama d talɣa, ama d anamek, inzan uɣalen fkan-d udem d amaynut s wayes tennerna tira n Mezdad. Ameziane, yemmeslay-d daɣen ɣef uḍris n Belaid At Ali Lwali n wedrar, deg-s iwala belli yeddem-d aḍris d aqbur, iɛawed-as tira akken ad t-yerr d ungal.
Ssnef-a n tira ad t-naf daɣen ɣur Kamel Bouamara. Netta daɣen yeddem-d sin n yiḍrisen iqburen Salhi (2002, 2004)) Taqsiṭ n Ɛziz d Ɛzuzu akked Aḥeddad n Lqalus, ibeddel-asen talɣa d tɣessa, isebded fell-asen tira-ines. Iḍrisen-a, akken nwala nekkni s timmad-nneɣ (Ayad; 2008) s wudem n tgerḍrisant, yeqdec fell-asen ama deg wayen yerzan tasiwelt, imi yessemɣur tidyanin yeḍran deg yiḍrisen iqburen, irna iger-asen-d tidyanin d timaynutin akked uglam. Rnu ɣer waya, iger-asen-d iḍrisen-nniḍen i d-yeddem seg yimedyazen am Si Lbacir Amellaḥ neɣ Si Muḥend u Mḥend. Ihi, ayen yakk i d-yeddem yeẓda-t akken ad d-issufeɣ sin n yiḍrisen d imaynuten, i yuɣalen d tullizin.
Leqdic-a, ihi, ad yeḍfer abrid-a i d-yuɣ uzɣan n tsekla yuran s teqbaylit, ad d-yawi ɣef tulmisin n tira n Kaysa Xalifi deg wungal Iḥulfan. Ad d-nessken deg-s yiwen wudem deg tulmisin-a i yerzan asemres n yinzan. Ihi, akken ad d-nessegzi tamukrist-a, ad newwet ad d-nbeyyen, s wudem n tgerḍrisant, tarrayin s wayes i d-teddem inzan seg timawit akken ad ten-tger deg uḍris-ines, amek i ten-id-tebder, leqdic i d-yellan fell-asen d wazal ay sɛan deg lebni n unamek amatu n wungal.
Akken ara nwali deg wayen i d-itteddun, asemres n yinzan deg tsekla tatrart, ama deg tamedyezt ama deg tira, yuɣal d yiwet seg tulmisin n tsekla-ya. Mačči d yiwen umedyaz neɣ umaru i d-itteddmen inzan, ittɛawad-asen asemres deg yiḍrisen-is. Deg wayen yeɛnan aya, Kaysa Xalifi tedda deg ubrid-a, abrid n tira yersen ɣef timawit d wayen i tesɛa d agerruj aseklan, adelsan, akked thuski-nnes. Aseqsi ɣef ilaq ad d-nerr deg leqdic-a d wa: amek i d-teddem inzan d wamek i ten-tessemres deg wungal-is?
Ilmend n tɣuri-nneɣ, inzan ay tessemres, ulac meḥsub acu n ubeddel i d-iḍran fell-asen, teddem-iten-id akken i llan deg timawit s wudem n tebdert, yal wa acu n twuri i yas-tefka, yal tawuri tesnerna ugar tasiwelt, rnu ɣer waya tawuri tahuskant teqqim akken tella.
Leqdic-a ihi, ad t-nefreq ilmend n tarrayt-a: ad d-nessukkk tiṭ ɣef yimekti tagreḍrisant, deg-s ad d-nessegzi tadra-ines d wazal ay yesɛa deg uzɣan aseklan, ladɣa deg leqdicat yecban wa-nneɣ. Syin akkin ad d-nawi awal ɣef yinzi deg timawit, inumak-is, azal-is, d tsekkiwin-is.
Imi leqdic-a irza tasekla tatrart, yelha ma nemmeslay-d ɣef kra n tezrawin i d-yewwin ɣef usemres n yinzan deg tsekla-ya. Deg-s ad d-nessken kra n tmuɣliwin ilmend tulmist-a n tira d usnulfu aseklan.Syin akkin, ad nɛeddi ɣer wammud n tezrawt-a, anida ara d-nessken tarrayt n tuddma n yinzan, tawuri i yasen-tefka tmeskart, akked talɣiwin d wassaɣen ay yellan gar uḍris amaynut (ungal) d yiḍrisen iqburen (inzan). Da, ilaq ad d-nini ur d-neddim ara akk inzan i yellan, neddem-d kan amur deg-sen imi nwala llan ddeqs n yinzan i yuklalen leqdic yugaren wa.
1. Tamiḍrant n tgreḍrisant (= « intertextualié »)
Tamiḍrant-a, d turda i d-yemmalen akken aḍris n tsekla, neɣ asnulfu deg tsekla, ur d-yettili ara kan akka. Ulac aḍris aseklan i d-yekkan seg wulac. Yal ameskar, mi ara yettaru aḍris, yesseqdac iḍrisen-nniḍen ay yessen neɣ ay yeɣra yakan.S wudem amatu, tamiḍrant-a temmal-d aseqdec d uɛiwed n tira i yiḍrisen i illan yakan deg usnulfu n yiḍrisen imaynuten. Deg yal aḍris, mi ara neqqar, nezmer ad neɛqel neɣ ad nemlil d uḍris-nniḍen.
Imekti tagreḍrisant, yettwaseqdec i tikkelt tamezwarut deg taɣult n uzɣan aseklan sɣur Kristeva deg 1967, deg usissen d yiwenniten i d-tewwi ɣef teẓri n Bakhtine, ur nettwassen ɛad deg tumra n Lurup umalu. Tikti n Kristeva, i d-tugem seg wayen yedma Bakhtine, tettwali amenzay yerzan amawal d umeslay yezmer ad irzu ula d aḍris aseklan: Ma yella imdanen sseqdacen deg tmeslayt-nsen awalen n weyiḍ, ula deg tira taseklant, ameskar itteddem-d iḍrisen ay uran weyiḍ. Akka i tt-tesbadu Kristeva i tikkelt tamezwarut tamiḍrant-a deg wayen i d-tura Samoyault (2001:9):« awal (aḍris) d timlilit n wawalen (iḍrisen) anida neɣɣar xersum awal-nniḍen (aḍris-nniḍen) (…) yal aḍris d azeṭṭa n tbedrin, yal aḍris ad iskef, ad ibeddel wayeḍ »1.
Tamuɣli-ya tamaynut, i d-tewwi Kristeva, teslul-d deg yiseggasen d-iḍefren aṭas n yinawen d tmuɣliwin i d-yeddan deg ubrid-a, almi tuɣal tgerḍrisant tuɣ amḍiq d agejdan deg tezrawin tiseklanin sumata. Aṭas n yimaẓrayen i iɛerḍen, yal wa seg tama-s, ad d-segzin ula d nutni tamiḍrant-a. Gar wi, ad d-nebder Roland Barthes, i d-yewwin deg yiwen umagrad Théorie du texte (1970), deg i d-yefka yiwet n tmuɣli s wazal-is.
Tamuɣli n Barthes ɣef tgerḍrisant, d wamek i tt-yedma, ad negzu, tedda akked tmuɣli n Kristeva; cerken yiwet n tmuɣli, i sin-nnsen ttwalin tagreḍrisant d timlilit n yinawen yezrin, i d-nettagem seg yidles d wayen i d-nnan yimezwura.
Ihi, akken i d-nebder yakan, tagreḍrisant tuɣal seg yiseggasen n 1970 d asawen, d annar n tidmi s wazal-is deg tiẓri d uzɣan n tsekla sumata. Ma nmuqel deg wayen i d-nnan d wayen i d-uran ɣef tmiḍrant-a, ad naf ayen din n yidlisen d yimagraden i d-yeffɣen, anida yal wa yefka-yas tamuɣli-s, yal wa icudd-itt ɣer kra n taɣult. Aya yeslul-d aṭas n tbadutin d waṭas n tarrayin.
Deg umussu-ya i d-tlul yiwet n tsamit-is s wazal-is, d tin Rifaterre. Tamuɣli-nnes, netta, tefka azal i tɣuri. Yettwali tagreḍrisant d taɣuri, d aferdis ɣef i ibedd unamek amatu n uḍris, deg-s ay nettaf inaw yettwattun. Agerḍris yeṭṭef annar s tehri deg taɣult n tsekla, akken tettwaḥsab d allal i usegzi n uḍris aseklan. Riffaterre (1980: 05) ɣur-s tagreḍrisant teqqen ɣer unagraw n tɣuri yezdin aḍris aseklan. Imeɣri yesnekway aḍris d aseklan, acku yettaf-d assaɣ deg uḍris d wid-nniḍen.
Gar tmuɣliwin-a, tufrar-d tin n Genette (1982). Netta yegla-d s yiwet n tarrayt tamatut n tgerḍrisant. Tarrayt-a tres ɣef yimenzi n uglam d tesleḍt n wassaɣen yesɛa uḍris akked yiḍrisen-nniḍen. Deg tarrayt-a, tagreḍrisant, akken i tt-id-tessegza Kristeva, d yiwen uferdis ger weyiḍ. Deg wadeg n yirem tagreḍrisant yesseqdec irem tamyeḍrisant, ɣur-s netta tamyerḍrisant, akken i dtt-id-yesbadu Genette (1982:7): «D ayen akk i d-yeggaren assaɣ, iban neɣ d uffir, akked yiḍrisen-nniḍen». Assaɣ-a akken i t-id-yefka, nezmer ad t-neɛqel deg semmus n tsekkiwin n temyeḍrisant: 1. Tagerḍrisant 2. Azneḍris 3. Aɣfeḍris 4.Tawseḍrist 5.Tafellaḍrist.
Genette yessemgared snat n tsekkiwin n usuddem: alsileɣ, yerzan aḍris s timmad-is, d uḥaki i d-yettalsen i uɣanib. Snat-a n tsekkiwin n usuddem sɛant kraḍ n twuriwin: asedhu, alaqeb akked umazay.Akka ad nesɛu sḍis n taggayin, kraḍ s ulsileɣ: Tiqecmeɛt, Aqlab, Ankaz. Kraḍ s uḥaki: Asɣineb, Aɛekki, Aleqqem.
Nekkni seg tama-nneɣ, d tarrayt-a ara neddem deg leqdic-a iwakken ad d-nessegzi assaɣen yellan gar yinzan akked wungal deg i ten-tegra Xalifi.Lamaɛna uqbel ad nɛeddi ɣur usagem, yelha ma nessukk-d tiṭ ɣef kra n tulmisin n yinzi deg tsekla timawit d tezrawin i d-yewwin ɣef wassaɣ yesɛa akked tsekla tamirant.
2. Inzi deg tsekla timawit tamensayt
Inzi deg timawit, am netta am temseɛraq d ddɛawi, d tawsit ay nezmer ad nessismel deg taggayt n tewsatin tigezzlanin (tufrikin) (Bouamara: 2005). Qqnent ɣer-s aṭas n taggayin taddayin am tenfalyin tunziyin akked tenfalyin tukrifin. D tawsit war ameskar, am tuget n tewsatin n timawit, inzan mgarden ɣef yinnan, imi wi yettwassen umeskar-nsen (ama s tidet ama d medden i ten-yettwalin akken). Deg tmetti tamensayt, aṭas n wawalen i d-yemmalen inzan am lemtel, tameayt, lmeena, awal, anzi (inzan).
Akken i d-yessegza Ameziane (2008: 171), d awal Lemtel i yettwaseqdacen s waṭas. Ula d inumak yesɛa ggten: tikwal yemmal-d tanfalit, neɣ amedya. Yella daɣen wawal Lemɛun, tikwal yemmal-d anamek uffir n umeslay, tikwal-nniḍen yemmal-d anamek n kra n usefru neɣ n kra umeslay. Tamɛayt daɣen tesɛa anamek n yinzi, i d-yesskanen kra n tedyant seg i d-tefruri kra n l*meɛna ay ddmen medden, rran-tt d amedya. Yella diɣen irem Awal, yemmal-d inaw, ameslay yesɛan azal, d ameslay i yettuɣalen d asaḍuf s wayes leḥḥun yimdanen. Ɣer waya, nezmer ad d-nernu irem Anzi (ɣef id-yella umeslay deg leqdic-a), d irem i iqerben ɣer Anza, yesɛan anamek yettcabi, neɣ yettakk anzi ɣer.
Inzan zgan deg timawit, ttilin seg yimi Yer tmeẓẓuYt, wa yettağğa-ten-id i wa. Bentolila (1993: 7) yura ɣef yinzi: « inzi d ameslay i d-yusan seg zzman aqbur, s leqder n tuser, d agla n tmetti yakk”2.
Inzi yemmal-d kra n tirmit n tudert deg tmetti: deg drus n wawalen yemmal-d tikti n win i yettmeslayen; d aɣbalu seg i d-tteddmen tamussni taqburt, ifukal deg yinaw d wayen akk i izemren ad yesɛeddi izen s tefses i win umi nettmeslay. Aya yakk yessegza-t-id Bentolila (op.cit. 8) deg umeslay-a:
“Dayen yellan, inzan ssijhiden inaw, lamaɛna ssawaḍen daɣen ad d-sbedden rray, ad wellhen, ad zeɣnen, bla ma nḥuza win i wumi i t-nenna, dayen i d-yettwaddmen seg ukufi n tirmitin tiqburin. Seg tama-nniḍen, s yinzi, nessegzal ameslay, d tselḍt ẓẓayen (…). Deg kra kan n wawalen nessegzal-d tagnit yemcubbaken, s tigawin, d yiḥulfan, d umenni d tugdi […]3.
Ulac am yinzi iwakken ad d-nessexber s tilawt deg drus n wawalen, s unamek lqayen i isɛan lmeɛna. Dayen i d-yerna Betolila deg wawal-is: “[…] inzi, s tidet, d asnulfu yemmden n tẓuri n tutlayt: d aseqdec n wawalen i ifazen, s wayes ara d-nessxber akken iwata s tilawt”4. Asemres n yinzan deg yinaw, yettili-d s useqdec n kra n tenfalyin am: Akken qqaren, Yella deg wawal, Yella deg lemtel, Awal ǧǧan-t-id yimezwura, Akken i s-yenna winna n zzman, Yenna-yas, Yenna leflani deg wawal-is
Inzan ur sɛin ara yiwet n tegnit n tmenna, sumata cudden ɣer tegnit n yinaw d usentel ɣef yettmeslay yiwen, ɣef waya ggtent twuriwin ay sɛan deg umeslay. Tiwuriwin-a nezmer ad tent-id-nessegzel deg waya: Tikwal qaren-ten ɣer taggara n umeslay akken ad yeqqim i lebda, neY ad fken tixutert i umeslay-nsen. Tikwal-nniḍen qqaren-ten medden akken ad wwten weyiḍ s lemeun neɣ d awennit ɣef kra n tegnit, d asegzi n kra n temsalt yemcubbaken. Tikwal daɣen inzi nessemras-it akken ad d-nini ayen yellan neɣ ad d- nessegzi kra umeslay ur nettwafhem. Yezmer diɣen ad yili d afukel akken ad yesɛeddi yiwen rray-is, ad yettwiqbel wayen yettxemmim. Rnu ɣer waya yakk, s yinzi nezmer ad d-nini tikti deg drus n wawalen, bla ma nestuqqet ameslay.
Гas inzi d tawsit icudden ɣer talɣiwin timeẓẓyanin, ad t-naf yesɛa ddeqs n talɣiwin yemgaraden. Talɣiwin-a nezmer ad tent-nefreq ilmend n kraḍ n tsekkiwin: Tafyirt taḥerfit: Md: IffeY-d ujgu deg magraman. TalYa n sin yimuren: XemmeY lxir i tderYalt, terYa-yi txellalt. TalYa n krad n yimuren : Rray ad t-debber yemma-k, ad iffeY fell-ak, ad terwuṭ usi uzembil.
3. Inzi deg tsekla tatrart
Ma nesres ddhen-nneɣ, ad nwali akken inzan ttwasemrasen s tuget deg tsekla tatrart, ama deg tmedyezt ama deg tewsatin tullisin, am wungal d tullist. Zgan deg yal aqeddic, s yal talɣa. Llant tezrawin, akken i d-nebder yakan, i d-yewwin ɣef waya yecban Achili (2002, 2011) d Ameziane (2002, 2008). Ufan-d aseqdec n yinzan yettili-d s waṭas n wudmawen, ladɣa s ubeddel n talɣa d unamek. Deg wungal n Mezdad yesɛa tiwuriwin d timaynutin am usissen n uwadem neɣ aselḥu n tsiwelt.
Ihi, deg wawal n Achili (2011:93), asemres n yinzan deg yinaw n wungal, yettarra lwelha n yimeɣri ɣer umselɣu uzzig akked wakud ur nelli d win n tmeslayt neɣ n tɣuri. Asemres-is yettaɣ talɣa n tebdert, meḥsub ulac inzan i d-yettwabedren s uwehhi. Гas ulamma ur sɛin ara tazwert neɣ d tacciwin neɣ d lemɛani s wayes ara yettwaɛqel uḍris i d-yettwabedren, imeɣri ittarra ɣer kra n wawalen s wayes yezmer ad isnekwu aḍris i d-yettwabedren. Tilin n yinzi, i d-terna Achili, d taɣessa taḍrisant tilellit i d-itteddem umeskar akken ad yessejhed inaw-is, ur telli yara d taɣessa yesɛan tazrirt ɣef tɣessa n wungal acku tesɛa tixutert deg tsiwelt mačči deg tedyant. Akken yella da, inzi yessihriw kan tasiwelt, bla ma yesɛa tazrirt ɣef tɣessa n wungal. Asigget n yinzan deg wungal, yesskan-d assaɣ yellan gar tilawt d wungal. S wakka ameskar yesskan-d ayen ara t-icudden akked yimeɣriyen, rnu ɣer-s yettban-d wazal yefka i yinaw aɣerfan.
Tifukkas n usemres n yinzan deg wungal Iḍ d wass, akken i t-id-yessegza Ameziane (2002: 112), yella-d s kraḍ n talɣiwin yemgaraden ta ɣef ta: S wawal n tazwara: yeqqar lemtel+ inzi; War awal n tazwara lamaɛna s tacciwin; War awal n tazwara d tacciwin.
Ma d tiwuriwin ay sɛan yinzan deg wungal n Mezdad, akken i iwala Ameziane (op.cit. 115), amur deg-sent yeqqim akken llan yakan deg timawit, ulac acu n ubeddel i d-yeḍran fell-asen. Lamaɛna ameskar, yessileɣ kra deg-sen, yettak-asen kra n twuriwin yes-s ur ttwassnen deg timawit. Ttwasemrasen deg tazwara neɣ taggara n yinaw, deg uglam n yiwudam n wungal, akked d uselḥu n tsiwelt.
Llan yimeskaren-nniḍen, akken i d-yura Ameziane (2008:174), smersen inzan d izewlen i yiqeddicen-nnsen. Hamid Nekkar yefka azwel i wungal-is Yugar ucerrig tafawett. Akken daɣen i yexdem Belɛid At Ali, yefka i yiwen seg yiḍrisen-is azwel Ayen tzerɛeḍ ad tmegreḍ. Llan weyiḍ issmersen-t d azwel adday. Rachid Aliche deg wungal-is Faffa, yerna-t d amur wis sin i uzwel i yuɣen irgazen ur ttrun. Ula d Tahar Ould Amar yessemres-it akka deg wungal-is Bururu , ur teqqim ur tengir.
Ula deg tmedyazt tatrart, aṭas n yicennayen i ismersen inzan deg tmedyezin-nsen. Tikwal ttɣiman akken llan yakan deg timawit, tikkwal-nniḍen yella wayen ttbeddilen deg-sen. Amedya n Lounis Ait menguellat, s wazal-is deg waya, imi netta aṭas n yinzan i wumi ibeddel talɣa. Abeddel-a izmer ad yili deg tseddast n yinzi s uqlab n yiwen n wawal deg usumer n tefyirt. Hata-n umedya i d-yefka Ameziane (op.cit.186): Ma teɣliḍ medden akk inek/Ma trebḥeḍ ḥedd wer k-yessin. Deg wadeg: Mi trebḥeḍ medden akk inek/ Mi teɣliḍ ḥedd wer k-issin!
Yella wanida dɣen i ibeddel taseddast d ubeddel n wawalen, id-yeglan s ubeddel n unamek. Ameziane (op.cit., 187):
Amalah yekfa laman/ Yedda deg waman
S kra n win nehren waman/ Iruḥ di laman/ Yewwi-t wasif.
Ihi abeddel deg tseddast, yegla-d s ubeddel deg unamek. Zik medden qqaren aman d laman. Lamaɛna deg tmedyezt n Ait Menguellet, aman-nni uɣalen d anamek n lexdeɛ akked tugdi. Yella wanida i ibeddel adeg n kra n wawlen s wayes ibeddel azal n kra n tlufa. Akken i d-yessken Ameziane (op.cit, 189), deg umedya-ya:
Ufiɣ lbaz d amerẓu/ D agerfiw i d-isewwqen.
Ufiɣ tizizwit tettru/D aɛreẓẓen i tt-id-yessuffɣen.
Hata sumata ayen i nezmer ad d-nini ɣef usemres n yinzan deg tsekla tartart, leqdic i d-yellan fell-asen sɣur yimeskaren akked yinumak imaynuten i d-wwin deg yiḍrisen deg i d-ddan
4. Asemres n yinzan deg wungal iḥulfan
Inzan ɣef ara-d-yili umeslay d wid i d-nefren i leqdic-a kan, acku mazal llan aṭas n yinzan ay nerra deg ṭṭerf. Taḥawact-a tezmer ahat ad tili d amedya, sya d asawen, i tezrawt i wayen i d-yeqqimen ur nessaweḍ ad t-nesleḍ da.
4.1. Tarrayt n tuddma d ubdar
Tira n yinzan deg wungal iḥulfan tella-d s usemres n waṭas n tarrayin, deg-sent nezmer ad d-nebder:
Md1: Amek yeqqar yinzi: “a bab-a wwten-aɣ, a mmi ɛeqlen-aɣ”sbt 22. Ma nmuqel deg tegnit-a, ad naf tameskart teddem-d inzi, tenna-d acu-tt tewsint-ines, terna tegra-t gar tacciwin akken ad d-temmel belli ameslay-a mačči d agla-s, yella wansi i t-id-teddem.
Md2: “d acu tettefẓeḍ a wadi, d llazuq n yilindi” sbt 23. Inzi-ya yedda-d deg wungal war tuccar, war tineqḍin, war ma tenna-d acu-tt tewsit-ines.
Md3: yezga yettini: “ɣli-d ay abexsis s imi, ma yella rrbeḥ s yiɣimi”.sbt 50. Da, inzi-ya tebder-it-id s tneqḍin d tuccar.
Md4: yezga-d fell-as yinzi i d-yeqqaren: “d ddunit i iɛujen, d aɣerda i d-izewjen, d amcic i iquffen” sbt 57. Da, ameslay yuɣal ɣef yinzi. Am wakken iniz-nni d amdan i yettmeslayen, i d-yeqqaren ayen yettxemmim ɣef wayeḍ. Inaw da ibeddel tagnit deg tsiwelt, yessebded iman-is d ameslay ilelli war amsiwel.
Md5: Amek yenna uɣerda: “ad ṭṭṣeɣ s ukmac, ad ččeɣ aḥbac, wala zzhir n yimcac” sb78. Inzi-ya akken yella da, ulac acu i t-yessemgarden ɣef umedya wis 3, lamaɛna lxilaf i yellan, wa yedda-d ɣef yimi n yiɣersiwen.
Md 6: “ur d nettat i izegren aḥdid, teffeɣ i ubrid. Llum yellan ɣef wuccen rran-t ɣef umeksa” sbt 58. Deg umedya i d-nessken da, Xalifi tesdukkel sin n yinzan deg yiwet n tegnit n tmenna, terra-ten amzun d yiwen n yinzi.
4.2. Asatal n usemres n yinzan
Akken i d-nemmeslay yakan deg wayen yezrin, asemres n yinzan deg tsekla tatrart yuɣ aṭas n wudmawen. Ula deg tira n Kaysa Xalifi, yemgarad usemres-nsen seg usatal ɣer wayeḍ. Yal asatal tekkat amek ara s-d-tessekcem inzi i t-iwulmen ilmend n tegnit n tmenna akked tikli n tsiwelt d tedyant yerzan yal awadem. Deg wayen nwala nekkni, hat-a sumata ayen yerzan tira n yinzan ɣut tmeskart-a:
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Inzi d inaw n uwadem: da teggar-d inzi deg udiwenni gar sin n yiwudam. Md: “ata-n tura d acu i d-tḥekkuḍ? Meḥsub yemmut ilindi, ifuḥ aseggas-a, yak?d acu i kem-yewwin ɣer wayen ifuten?d acu i tetteffẓeḍ awadi, d llazuq n yilindi!uff…” sbt 23
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Asissen n tidmi n uwadem: da inzi yesskan-d acu yettxemmim uwadem d wamek ittmeyyiz tilufa deg wallaɣ-is (amek yettɛebbir d yiman-is). S yinzi nezmer ad nissin tidmi n uwadem d wamek yettwali ddunit. Md:“imi tezga tettawi dima tama taneddayt, tettsusum ula d nettat. Tessusem ur d-terri awal. Txser-as tneyyalt, ur tecliɛ ma rɣant neɣ zzant » sbt 32.
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Asissen n uwadem : inzi da yesskan-d kra n tulmisin n uwadem ilmend n kra n tegnatin deg tedyant n wungal.Md : «ur sqenɛent deg wannim-nni(…) bɣant ad tettent kan, ad ttaswent, ma d lxedma xaṭi. Ad mmagent am uḍar amezwaru, ur yettṣukku, ur yettḥukku » sbt 64.
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Aselḥu n tsiwelt: da inzi yedda d tsiwelt, yuɣal d inaw n uwadem i d-yettmeslayen deg uḍris. Md: « a ya rrbeḥ-iw, ihi tiyyita n ukeccuḍ wala tin n ublaḍ » sbt 26.
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Tamuɣli n uwadem ɣef wayeḍ: da yesskan-d ayen idemmu uwadem ɣef wayeḍ, ama deg wayen ixeddem, ama deg wayen yettxemmim. Md: « yezga yesduqqus-iten, yettini-yasen: « ɣli-d ay abexsis s imi, ma yella rrbeḥ s yiɣimi ». sbt 56
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Inzi d azwel : ɣur Kaysa Xalifi, inzan ur llin ara d azwel i wungal, lamaɛna d izewlen addayen i yixfawen yellan deg-s. yettak-d tikti tamatut i wayen ara yeḍrun deg yixef-nni. Md : « ur yuksan ḥed i t-yuɣen » sbt 9, « iḥṣel uxlul di lxiḍa » sbt 29.
5. Assaɣen igreḍrisanen deg n wungal Iḥulfan
Ma nmuqel tarrayt s wacu i d-tebder inzan, d usatal deg tegra yal yiwen deg-sen, nezmer ad negzu yiwet n temsalt : tira n yinzan deg Yiḥulfan, tga assaɣ awuran s ubrid n tgerḍrisant gar yinzi (afellaḍris) akked d yinaw n wungal (addaḍris). Assaɣ-a yessaweḍ ad yezdi akked uḍris n wungal ayen icudden ɣer tsekla timawit d wayen yellan deg-s ama d anamek, ama d tahuski, ama d idles, i yefkan udem d amaynut i talɣa-ya n yinaw. Aya yakk dayen i nezmer ad d-nessken da, anda ara d-nbeyyen amek i d-yella wassaɣ agerḍrisan gar yinaw n yinzi d win n wungal.
Akken nwala yakan,Genette deg tarrayt-is, yessemgared gar sin wazunen n useḍres: amezwaru d azun yerzan assaɣen yezdin sin neɣ ugar n yiḍrisen, am tebdert, ameɛɛen, takerḍa, d tesɣilt, wis sin d azun yerzan assaɣen n usuddem icerken aḍris d wayeḍ, nesɛa alsileɣ, yerza aḍris s timmad-is, d uḥaki, yerzan aɣanib n uḍris.Гer Genette (op.cit ;8), tabdert, ameɛɛen d tkerḍa d talɣiwin s wayes nezmer ad neɛqel aḍris aqbur daxel n uḍris amaynut. Гer kraḍ n talɣiwin-a, nezmer ad nernu tasɣilt i d-yessumer Annick Bouillaguet (1988).
Ma nuɣal ɣer tira n yinzan d amek i ten-id-teddem Xalifi deg wungal Iḥulfan, ad naf talɣa-nsen tuɣ tin tebdert: tuget n yinzan ay tessemres, nezmer ad ten-neɛqel deg tira-ines imi tegra-ten gar tuccar, llant tneqḍin. Aya yakk yesskan-d belli mačči d inaw-is. Rnu ɣer-s tessezwaray-iten-id s tenfaliyin am: amek yeqqar yinzi, yezga yettini, yezga fell-as yinzi i d-yeqqaren, akken yenna uɣerda. Rnu ɣer waya, yal mi ara d-tebder inzi, ad d-tini d acu-tt tewsit-ines. Гas akken drus maḍi n yinzan i d-tebder war tuccar, lamɛna yeshel ad ten-yeɛqel yiwen, imi talɣa-nnsen ur tebbdel ara.
Ma d assaɣ i izemren ad yili gar yinzan akked d tira n Kaysa Xalifi, nwala deg-s iwakken ad tesnerni aḍris-is, tessemres inzan. Tikwal akken ad d-teglem kra n tegnit, tikwal-nniḍen akken ad d-tessissen awadem d wamek yettxemmim. Llant tikkwal anida i t-tessemres iwakken ad tesnerni tasiwelt, bla ma nettu tahuski d unamek ifazen i d-terna i yinaw-is.
Taggrayt
Awal i d-newwi da ɣef yinzan deg wungal Iḥulfan n Kaysa Xalifi nessaweḍ yes-s ad d-nessken yiwe n tulmist n tira-ines. Akken i d-nenna yakan, asemres n yinzan yella-d s waṭas n yiberdan, ɣas akken talɣa ay uɣen deg wungal d tabdert. Inzan ttwaɛqalen s talɣa-nsen d unamek ay d-wwin i uḍris ungalen. Aḍris n tmeskart yezḍa assaɣen akked yinzan s ubrid n unkaz, d yiwen n ubrid i d-igellun s usnulfu yersen ɣef wayen yellan d amensay.
Maca, ayen nezrew da macci d alqayen.Aṭas n yinzan ay mazal uklalen tasleḍt iwakken ad nesɛu tikti tamatut ɣef twuri-nsen d tezrirt ay sɛan deg lebni n unamek amatu n wungal.
Llan daɣen aṭas n yiferdisen iḍrisanen, i d-tugem seg tsekla tamensayt, ay tessemres deg tira-ines. Iferdisen-a akken i ten-nwala, uklalen ula d nutni tazrawt, ara d-yesbeyynen azal-nnsen d twurwin-nnsen deg wungal. Am yinzan, iferdisen n tmacahut neɣ n wumyi, snernan tira n Xalifi, yelha ma yessukk-iten yiwen ɣef uɣerbal akken ad iwali d acu n yinumak s wayes d-glan deg tira-ya.
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