Tlaxcala d aẓeḍḍa i lmend n uṭṭuqqet n yilsawen deg umaḍal, tessebded-it-id yiwet n terbaet tamecṭuḥt n yimeYnasen (militants) n Internet ay yemyussanen s Internet yerna gren tamawt eedlen deg tmuYliwin-nsen i wakk-n ad ssiwḍen Yer yeswan, tirga ed wuguren ay ten-icerken. Aẓeḍḍa n terbaet-nsen yimYur s tYawla, yerna llan deg-s ass-a 74 n yimaslaḍen (membres) ay d-yettarun s 15 n yilsawen. Taskint-a, ay qeblen akk-n ma llan, d tin ay d-yesskanen tafelsuft ay ten-icerken.
Akk ilsawen n umaḍal yessefk ad ttekkin yerna ttekkayen, deg tidet, deg lebni n tegmat gar yemdanen. Iles ur yelli, akk-n ttxemmimen kra, d taYessa kan n tjeṛṛumt (structure grammaticale), d tagrumma (ensemble) n wawalen ay itteddun s lqanun n tseddast (syntaxe), wanag yessefk ad d-nernu : iles d asnulfu n lmeenat ay yebnan Yef yiḥulfan-nneY. S way-a, nettwali, nfehhem yerna nessawal-d Yef umaḍal-nneY Yef leḥsab n tegnit ay deg nella, Yef leḥsab n yiḥulfan-nneY udmawanen (personnels), n tmura ay deg d-nekker yerna nezdeY yerna Yef leḥsab n tegnit tasertit (politique) ay deg nedder. Γef ljal n way-a, ur yelli yiles ay yeṭṭfen talemmast, ur imal akk-in wala akk-a, yerna ilsawen akk Yer-sen ”tangalt tajinit” (code génétique), d lateṛ n yidelsan wuYur qqnen. Talatinit yellan d iles amezwaru n Umenkud (Empire), tewweḍ Yer tqacuct s weefas Yef way-n ay d-yeqqimen seg yilsawen ay tessaweḍ ad ten-terẓ asmi ay llan yiserdasen n Ṛṛuman ssemYaren Amenkud-nsen (Empire) deg wenẓul (sud) n Tuṛuft (Europe), deg ugafa (nord) n Tefriqt ed Ccerq Alemmas. Sakk-in, ur yelli d ay-n yessewhamen mi ara nẓer taspenyulit, yelli-s n tlatinit, d nettat ay yesnegren ilsawen n yiYerfan (ccueub) niḍen, wid yettwarnan deg Temrikt.
Amenkud (Empire) ed yiles-nnes tteddun dima afus deg ufus, yerna d ay-n ibanen ur zmiren ad ddren ed ad nnernin ala ma snegren wiyaḍ. Amenkud ed yiles-nnes ttagin wiyaḍ. S kra n yiles n umenkud (langue impériale) yettarra iman-nnes d netta ay Yef yebna umezruy (ttarix), d netta ay d-iḥekkun amezruy s tmuYli-nnes yerna imeḥḥu (neY ieerreḍ ad yemḥu) timuYliwin n yilsawen ay yeḥqer. Amezruy unṣ̣ib (officiel) n yal amenkud werjin yettili zeddig seg lbaṭel ed lekdeb, wanag dima ieerreḍ ad d-yessefhem, Yas s lekdeb, ay-n ay iga umenkud iḍelli, i wakk-n ad d-yebnu tamuYli-nnes Yef umaḍal n uzekka, akk-n ay t-yettwali netta.
Yiwen ur yeẓri ass-a ay-n ay ieeddan, ay-n umi ḥulfan yiYerfan (ccueub) ay yerna Umenkud n Ṛṛuman, imi ur d-yettwaru wacemma Yef lexṣ̣ara-nsen ay d-yeglan s nnger n yidelsan-nsen. Maca ilsawen n yiYerfan n Temrikt, ay yerna Umenkud aspenyuli, jjan-d cchadat Yef way-n ay yekkan fell-asen. Deg wezgen wis sin n lqern wis 16, cwiṭṭ kan sdeffir ma kecmen Yespenyuliyen Yer Mexico, Agmat Bernardino de Sahagún yejmee-d ay-n umi qqaren ass-aAmmud n Firenze, d cchada anda ay yesdukkel timucuha s tnahuatlt (d iles n Waztikiyen iqburen, mazal ssawalen-t deg Miksik) ed tugniwin (tteṣ̣wirat) ay d-yesskanen timetti ed yedles n Waztikiyen sdat ad ten-id-kecmen Yespenyuliyen. Cchada tis snat d tin ay d-nufa deg Lienzo de Tlaxcala, d ammud ay d-yejmee yiwen n wemsahar (métis) isem-nnes Diego Muñoz de Camargo, yerna cchada-a d tin ay yettruẓun tamezwarut-nni, imi ay-n ay d-iḥekku Muñoz de Camargo yebna-t Yef tekla (peintures) ay d-gan lejdud-nnes – ihaggaren (nobles) n Tlaxcala – ay d-iweṣ̣fen amek ay d-yewweḍ Hernán Cortés ed wamek ay teYli Tenochtitlan, tamaneYt n Umenkud Aztiki, tin ay hudden yimaslaken (conquérants) ispenyuliyen yerna bnan deg wemkan-nnes tamdint n Mexico. Deg tallit-nni, Tlaxcala tella d taxṣ̣imt n Umenkud Aztiki n Tenochtitlan, yerna asmi ay yewweḍ Cortés Yer Miksik, Tlaxcala teawen-it akk-n ad yerẓ Tenochtitlan, maca imezdaYen n Tlaxcala ur faqen asmi ay gan ay-a xedeen ula d iman-nsen, imi Amenkud Aspenyuli ay d-ilulen s uYelluy n Tenochtitlan, yerra seddaw n uzaglu-nnes akk iYerfan ineṣ̣liyen wuYur yekcem – ama d wid yellan d imeddukkal, neY d wid yellan iedawen n Uqacuc Aspenyuli, yerna ay-a yessaweḍ-iten armi ay qrib sṛuḥen akk idelsan ed yilsawen-nsen.
Ass-a, tazmert n Umenkud (Empire) tella gar yifassen n Yiwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt, yerna iles-nnes unṣ̣ib d tanglizit. Tanglizit, am wakk ilsawen n yimenkuden, tettḥettim-d lqanun-nnes Yef medden. Anekcum n tanglizit Yer waṭas n tmura ed tmiwa yessaweḍ aṭas n medden ad sṛuḥen ilsawen ay yes ssawalen yal ass, neY Yas kra ur ten-sṛuḥen, atni la tteddun Yer way-nni. Filippin ed Puerto Rico d sin kan n yimedyaten (lemtul) gar wiyaḍ. Deg Tefriqt n ddaw n Uneẓruf (Ṣṣ̣eḥra), cciea n tkellax ay yettunefken i tanglizit, tafṛensist, tapuṛtugalit ed yilsawen n teYwalt (communication) ay yessawal umur ameqran deg medden deg kra seg tmura-a d ay-n ay d-igellun s nnger n yiwen n yiles aneṣ̣li yal snat n ledwaṛ, Yef leḥsab n UNESCO.
D tidet, deg tallit-a ay deg yessefk ad tili teYwalt (communication) gar yemdanen ed tmura n umaḍal akk, ma sean yemdanen yiwen n yiles ara yessifessen tamussni gar-asen ur yelli d ay-n n diri, maca iles-a yezmer ad yeqqel yettḍurru ma yella yessawaḍ tasnakta (idéologie) ara t-id-yesseknen yif yerna yugar ilsawen niḍen, ama s tmeemada neY ala, yerna iḥeqqer ilsawen niḍen ay yellan ”seddaw n tecḍaḍt”-nnes, meḥsub akk ilsawen niḍen. Tikerrist n temYer (complexe de supériorité) ay itteddun dima ed kra n yiles n umenkud (empire) neY iles ay yeqqnen Yer kra n umenkud teẓẓa deg wul n yiles-nni, ur yezmir ad yemsefraq yid-s, yerna ula d imeYnasen yessawalen s tanglizit yerna ttnaYen i lmend n umaḍal yifen win n wass-a, tikkwal ttxemmimen iles-nsen yif wiyaḍ : ala aḥric d amecṭuḥ mliḥ seg way-n ay nettaf deg yimediaten-nsen (médias) ay d-yettussuqqlen seg yilsawen yellan ”seddaw tecḍaḍt” n tanglizit, wanag amur ameqran deg way-n d-ssuffuYen yettwaru s tanglizit deg laṣ̣el-nnes, ur s kra n yiles niḍen. Ay-n ay d-yettwarun s tanglizit yerna ssuqqulen-t-id Yer yilsawen niḍen yugar s waṭas ay-n ay d-yettwarun s yilsawen niḍen yerna yettussuqqul-d Yer tanglizit. Aql-aY neḍlem akk imi ay neqbel ad yeqqim lbaṭel am wa armi d ass-a.
Tlaxcala d aẓeḍḍa n yemsuqqlen ay iqeddcen i lmend n uṭṭuqqet n yilsawen. Aẓeḍḍa-a ilul-d i wakk-n ad yerr tajmilt ass-a i ddula ed temdint n Tlaxcala ay yeYlin Yef ljal n tuccḍa ay tga, asmi ay tga laman deg umenkud –win n Yespenyuliyen - akk-n ad nnaYen mgal n umenkud niḍen iḍeefen – win n Nahua -, maca armi ay ieedda lawan ay ukin ed tuccḍa-nsen, ukin yiwen ur yessefk ad yeg laman deg yimenkuden – akk-n bYun ilin – imi ay sseqdacen wid yellan seddaw n tecḍaḍt-nsen d allal kan i wakk-n ad ssiwḍen Yer yeswan-nsen. Imsuqqlen igraYlanen n Tlaxcala ttnadin ad ṣ̣eḥḥen tuccḍa n Tlaxcala, tin ay d-yeglan s nnger-nnes, Yef way-nni ay fkan isem n ddula-a i uẓeḍḍa-nsen.
Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala ttamnen s lḥeqq ay sean Wiyaḍ akk-n ad ilin, ttamnen yessefk ad nefhem timuYliwin n wiyaḍ, yerna i lmend n way-a ay qeddcen i wakk-n ad kksen ḍḍabee-nni n umenkud (empire) ay tesea tanglizit, s s tsuqqilt n way-n d-ttarun yimura (écrivains), idemmayen (penseurs), ifeYlayen (caricaturistes) ed yimeYnasen (militants) s yilsawen ur ten-yejji yiles n umenkud ad d-banen. Iḍrisen (textes) n wi akk ad d-ttussuqqlen Yer wakk ilsawen wuYur nezmer ad ten-id-nessuqqel (ula d tanglizit), yerna imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala ad jjen wid ur nessawal tanglizit ad ssnen ay-n d-ttarun wid yessawalen s tanglizit maca rran-ten deg rrif, ur yettwassen way-n d-uran neY yeweeṛ akk-n t-id-afen medden.
Tanglizit, Yas teqqel d iles n ussiweḍ n tmussni i deg umaḍal akk yerna zuna tettgensis-d (représenter) amaḍal-a s lekmal-nnes, timYur tezmert-nnes armi ay teqqel tettbeddil yerna tneYY ṛṛuḥ n yilsawen ed yidelsan niḍen war ma tcaweṛ imawlan-nsen. Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala umnen nezmer ad nernu wid yeṭṭfen awal yerna ugin ad as-brun yerna ssaramen ad sneqsen seg ljehd n taYect n wid ur nejji tuYac n yilsawen niḍen ad d-banent s werfad n taYect n yineggura-a, i wakk-n amaḍal-a ur tettili yiwet kan n tezmert ara t-iḥekmen, wanag aṭas, yerna ur yessawal s yiwen kan n yiles, wanag s waṭas n yilsawen, i wakk-n aṭṭuqqet n tzemmar ed yilsawen ad yili am uṭṭuqqet n leṣ̣naf n yimexluqen imuddiren deg umaḍal.
Llsas ay teḍfer Tlaxcala n wextiri n yeḍrisen (textes) d win ay ibedden Yef wazalen n TseYrut TagraYlant n Yizerfan n Wemdan, d tin iqeddcen i lmend n uqader ikemlen n yizerfan ed wazal n wemdan. Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala zgan-d mgal n leeqliyya taserdasit (militaire), mgal n temnukda (impérialisme) yerna mgal n ussemḍel ”anyulibiṛali” (mondialisation ”néolibérale”). Ssaramen seg wul ad tili talwit gar wakk ilsawen ed yidelsan yerna akk-n ma llan ad ilin eedlen. Ur ttamnen s wemyewwat gar tYermiwin wala s ṭṭrad-a amnukdan (impérialiste) mgal n rrebrab ay Yef d-ssawalen kra ass-a. Imsuqqlen n Tlaxcala zgan-d mgal n temsirit (racisme) ed lebni n leṣ̣war ed ẓẓrubat n trisiti – ama d wid n tidet neY d wid n yiles – ur nettajja imdanen ed yilsawen n umaḍal ad wliwlen s tlelli. Ttnadin ad snernin aeuzzu, asteeṛef ed uqader n Wayeḍ, yerna bYan ur yettili Wayeḍ-nni d taYawsa n Umezruy (ttarix) wanag ad yeqqel d win ay yettekkayen deg tlalit n Umezruy, d win ay ieedlen ed win ay t-yettarun. Leqdic n yemsuqqlen n Tlaxcala d win yellan d awizi (bénévole), ttgen-t baṭel. Akk tisuqqilin ay ttgen wid yettekkan deg Tlaxcala zemren ad tent-awin medden, ad tent-id-ssuffYen anda ay asen-yehwa ma yella ur tent-sseqdacen i ussekcem n yedrimen, maca yessefk ad d-bedren seg wansi ay ten-id-wwin ed wanwa ay tent-yuran.
A imsuqqlen n wakk ilsawen, qqnem-d yid-neY tasem-d ad neddukkel ! Inedbalen n yideggen (webmasters) ed yemttekkiyen n yeblugen (blogs) n wakk timuYliwin, ay yeddan ed way-n nebYa ed way-n ay aY-iceYben, arum-aY-d !
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Maci s zzheṛ kan ay nefren ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ akk-n ad yili d ass n ussuffeY n Teskint-nneY. Deg yiseggasen n 1950, 1960 ed 1970, 21 Fuṛaṛ yella d ass amaḍlan (mondial) mgal n temharsa (colonialisme) ed temnukda (impérialisme).
”Win ay yessutturen, deg wakal-nnes, ala ciṭṭ-nni n wakal ay deg ara as-Yzen i temḍelt-nnes, winna yuklal ad as-nsel, ad as-nḥesses, yerna yuklal ad neg laman deg way-n d-yeqqar”. Augusto Cesar Sandino yettwanYa de wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ, 1934, deg Nicaragua, s lameṛ n Somoza, win yellan itteddu ad yeqqel d asnaraf (dictateur) n tmurt-a. Medden semman-as i Sandino : Ajiniṛal n Yemdanen Ilelliyen, yerna Yef leḥsab n leequdat n lehna ay yestenya yiwen wass sdat ad yemmet, yeqbel ad yejbed iman-nnes Yer yiwet n tenmiragt (coopérative) n yifellaḥen, deg ugafa (nord) n Nicaragua.
Ass-a, Sandino yeqqel d netta ay d tala n tfernant (patriotisme) n Yinikaṛagwiyen, yerna d netta ay d azamul n nnif n tmurt-nsen, d win ay yennuYen yerna yebded deg wudem n yiserdasen (leeskeṛ) imarikaniyen ay d-yegren iman-nsen deg tmurt-nnes yerna ṭṭfen-tt. Sandino yella d imḍebber n ”Yigen [armée] n Temḥaddit n Lḥeṛma n Tmurt”, d igen ay d-ijemeen ifellaḥen ed yiqeddacen ay yennuYen mgal n temnukda (impérialisme) ed tesnaraft (dictature) s yijenwiyen, dduzan n leqdic, ibeckiḍen iṣ̣edden ed lbumbat ay d-gan s tebwaḍin n uqezdir yeccuṛen d iẓra ed yiceqqufen n wuzzal. Iserdasen-nnes qrib ssawḍen ad d-sseYlin ula d ṛṛublanat n weedaw s yeẓra, maca ay-n yugaren akk ay-a netta imenYi-nsen gan-t s tuṭṭfa deg wazalen-nsen ed leḥmala tameqrant ay ḥemmlen tamurt-nsen, Yas kkan-d Yef yiberdan iweeṛen, ed tiytiwin n yiserdasen inikaṛagwiyen yeddukklen ed yigen amarikani – imi iserdasen imarikaniyen sqedcen wid n Nicaragua, yerna igen amarikani i yiman-nnes kan yella yejhed ahat meyya n tikkal ugar win n yigen n Sandino. Asmi ay yebded Yer yidis n yiẓawaliyen ed wid umi ccan tadwin-nsen deg Nicaragua ed Temrikt Talatinit, Sandino yessken-d, yerna s tirrugza, amek ay zemren yifellaḥen ad d-snekren ed ad ssuddsen (oragniser) imenYi i wakk-n ad bedden deg wudem n lbaṭel ed ad ssiwḍen Yer uzarug (indépendance) n tmurt-nsen.
Deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1944, mi d-ukin kan yimezdaYen n Paris, ufan-d inazalen (affiches) izewwaYen ay d-yettxebbiren s tmenYiwt n 23 n ”yirebraben” : deg tidet, imdanen-a llan d imaslaḍen (membres) n Francs-Tireurs et Partisans - Main-d'ouvre Immigrée de Paris [FTP-MOI], d yiwet seg tuddsiwin (organisations) timezwura ay ibedden deg wudem n Yinaziyen asmi ay d-kecmen Yer wakal n Fṛansa. Imḍebber n terbaet-a, Missak Manouchian, d Aṛmini n 36 n yiseggasen, ay d-imeneen seg Ussenger n Waṛminiyen deg Tteṛk, yerna yella d iminig deg Fṛansa. Mi akk-n ay ieedda deg deg ccṛee n yiserdasen (leeskeṛ) inaziyen, ixabiten-nni Ifṛensisen luqben-t, nnan-as ”a amitak” [d tisellqebt ay yes ttlaqaben ibeṛṛaniyen], maca Manouchian yerra-asen : ”Kenwi d awṛat kan ay d-tweṛtem taYlent (nationalité) tafṛensist, wanag nekk uklaleY-tt”.
Deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1952, d luluf n yinelmaden, aggagen (intellectuels) ed yiqeddacen ay d-yennejmaeen deg Dhaka, ay yellan imir-nni d tamaneYt n Pakistan Tacerqit, tin yeqqlen ass-a d Bangladesh, i wakk-n ad d-sseknen tigin-nsen imi Pakistan tḥettem-d turdut (ourdou) d nettat kan ay d iles aYelnaw awḥid i wakk Ibengaliyen. Mi akk-n ay eerḍen yinelmaden ad ddun, imsulta (ibulisen) qerrsen yerna nYan ṛebea seg-sen ass-nni, ed rnan nYan, ma ulac, sebea niḍen deg sin-nni wussan ay d-iḍefren. Amussu-a (mouvement) yeqqel yegla-d s tnekra n wegdud s lekmal-nnes yerna ay-a yessaweḍ armi ay temsebḍa Bangladesh Yef Pakistan, deg 1971, sdeffir n tedyanin n ccwal ay deg Pakistan teereḍ ad tesseqdec assizeg n weYref (épuration ethnique) ed tga i lmend n way-a kra seg tYawsiwin tucmitin akk deg lqern wis eecrin, s ueiwen n uselway amarikani n yimir-nni, Nixon. Seg yimir-nni, qqlen yimezdaYen n Bangladesh ttarran tajmilt i way-n umi qqaren Ekushey, Ass n YimeYrusen (ccuhada), yal aseggas deg wass 21 Fuṛaṛ, d ass ay deg tteahaden iman-nsen akk-n ad gen leqrar i tgemmi (patrimoine) tameṛkantit n yiles abengali (awal n Ekush lmeena-s 21, ma Ekusheylmeena-s Wis 21). Deg useggas n 2000, UNESCO terra ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ d Ass AgraYlan n Yiles Ayemmat (langue maternelle), akk-n ad rren tajmilt i umussu ay d-inekren deg Bangladesh. (Yettwarna deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 2009).
”Yewweḍ-d lawan n yimeYrusen (ccuhada), yerna ma yella ula d nekk ad iliY d yiwen seg-sen, ay-a ad yili i lmend n tegmat, yerna d tagmat kan ay izemren ad d-tessukkes tamurt-a”. D wi ay d awalen ineggura ay d-yenna Malcolm X sdat ad t-nYen deg yiwet n temlilit deg Harlem, deg wass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1965. Wid ay t-yenYan d 3 n yemdanen yettekkan deg tuddsa (organisation) n Nation of Islam, d tuddsa ay seg yeffeY Malcolm deg 1963 i wakk-n ad d-yessebded Tuddsa n Tdukli Tafriqit-Tamarikanit. Deg Yebrir 1966, wid ay t-yenYan ḥekmen-asen s lḥebs s teYzef n tudert, maca wid ay iḍebbren deg tmenYiwt-nnes – Imḍebbren n Umenkud (empire) – akk-n tḍerru s umata, yiwen ur ten-ieaqeb.
Malcolm X, win yettwassnen daYen s yisem n El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, isem-nnes aneṣ̣li netta d Malcolm Little. Yella yesea 39. Sdat ad yemmet, yedda Yer Mekka akk-n ad d-iḥijj, dYa din ay yessen tamYreḍt (universalité) mi akk-n ay yemlal ed lḥejjaj ay d-yusan seg yal ljens. Yiwet seg ssebbat ay t-yejjan ad yemsebḍu ed tuddsa n Nation of Islam netta d asmi ay yeẓra tuddsa-a tella tetteddu akk-n ad temciweṛ ed tuddsa n Ku Klux Klan i wakk-n iberkanen ad d-sbedden ddula deg wenẓul n Yiwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt, swaswa kan akk-n iga win ay d-yesbedden taṣ̣ehyunit, Theodor Herzel, asmi ay yessutter seg yimeqranen akk seg gar wid ikeṛhen Udayen akk-n ad t-eawnen deg leqdic-nnes i lmend n ussebded n ddula tudayt. Malcolm ur yelli yezmer ad yeqbel ameiwen am wa, ladYa imi baba-s s timmad-nnes d Ku Klux Klan ay t-yenYan.
Deg wass-a n wesmekti, neezem ad nessers Tlaxcala seddaw n tejmilt ed yiseY n tlata-a n yimeYnasen (militants) ay yennuYen akk-n ad d-rren azal i yiYerfan (ccueub), Augusto Cesar Sandino, Missak Manouchian ed Malcolm X.
Deg tallunt (espace) n Internet, ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ, 2006, d ass agraɣlan n yiles ayemmat.
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