Tafriqt
Tga Tafriqt yan umnẓaw yumẓn 6% n tasna n wakal yamẓ 20% ɣ tasna n wakal yumann (tanna f ur ikki yill). Tajumma nns tlkm ar 30 415 873 km² nttat d tgzirin nns, aynna tt yujjan ad tg tis kraḍt ɣ umaḍal (iɣ nga Tamrikt d yan umnẓaw). S 1,225,080,510 n imzdaɣ[1], tga tfriqt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imzdaɣ ḍaṛt Asya, tili gis 16,4% n imzdaɣ n umaḍal ɣ usggas n 2016. Amnẓaw ad igly t id Yill Agrakal ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Abadu n Sawis d Yill Azggʷaɣ ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan, Agaraw Ahindi ɣ iffus agmuḍan d Ugaraw Anaṭlas ɣ tagut.
Aẓur n wawalsnfl
Ggutnt turdiwin f usala n yism n Tfriqt. Illa mad ifkan ism Afri i yimzdaɣ n iẓẓlmḍ n tfriqt ɣ tagut n wasif n Nnil, d ɣ unamk nns amatu ittufka i yikaliwn akkʷ illan ɣ iffus n Yill Agrakal (libya tazaykut)[2][3]. Ikka yism afri izdi d tguri tafiniqt Afar nna issumkn "agḍrur"[4] mac ɣ usggas 1981 umanent d kra n turdiwin[5] nna ittinin mas d ism Afri ikka d taguri tamaziɣt Ifri (amagut nns : ifran) s wassaɣ nns d imzdaɣ n yifran.[6] Taguri ad nit ar tt nttafa ɣ yism n yat twsit Banu Yafran ɣ Dzayr d Libya, yat twsit zzɣ yfran (tettwassn ula s ifran) ɣ iẓẓlmḍ utrim n Libya.[7]
Ddu unbaḍ n irumiyn, tga Qarṭaj tamaẓunt n tsga n tfriqt tarumiyt nna yumẓn ula ifttasn n Libya tatrart, ḍaṛt tirẓi n iqarṭajn ɣ umgaru abunik wiss kraḍ ɣ 146 dat n tlalit.[8] Amma -ka (-ca) nɣ -ika (-ica), iga aḍfir awlatin (Latin suffix) s unamk n wakal nɣ tamazirt.
Turdiwin yaḍn f usala n yism n tfriqt
- Ɣ tasut tamzwarut, isslkn umsnmzruy uday flafyus Juzifus (Ant. 1.15) mas d idda yism zzɣ ifir (Epher), yan zzv wayawn n ibrahim, nna mu zugn wayawn nns s tfriqt.
- Ɣ tasut tiss sat, isumr izidur n icbilya ɣ udlis nns iẓuran (Etymologiae XIV.5.2) mas d idda yism n tfriqt zzɣ tguri tawlatint (abrika / Aprica), anamk nns iffuk (tlla gis tafukt).
- Inna Micil Fruyt 1976[9] mas d ism awlatin iqqn s tguri Africus (afrikus) "Aḍu n iffus", nna igan ɣ usala tambryant (Umbrian), ig unamk nns amzwaru Aḍu bu unẓar (rainy wind).
Tarakaltsnfl
Tga tfriqt talli akkʷ mqqurn gr kraḍ ibudidn inẓulann mqqurnin ɣ taɣart n wakal. Ibḍa tt Yill Agrakal f Uruppa, tzdy d Asya ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan s Ubadu n Suwis nna mi tlla ɣ tirut nns 163 kilumitr.[10] (ɣ trakalt, ar tettusmil tmgzirt sina tawmiṣrt nna illan ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Suwis d agzzum zzɣ tfriqt)[11] ttyn i tfriqt iftasn s tɣzi n 26.000 kilumitr.
Zzɣ ttmi n iwtta n tfriqt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Ras Bn Saqqa ɣ Tuns (37°21' agafa) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ iffus, Kib Agulhas ɣ tfriqt n unẓul (34°51'15 anẓul), illa uzaru n 8,000 kilumitr (5,000 mil);[12] d zzɣ ttmi n iwtta ɣ utaram, Ixf Azgzaw (34°51'15" ataram) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ ugmuḍ, Ras Hafun ɣ Ṣumal (51°27'52" agmuḍ), illa uzaru n 7,400 kilumitr (4,600 mil).[13]
Tga Dzayr tamazirt akkʷ mqqurn ɣ tfriqt, tlkm tjumma nns 2,381,741 kilumitr amkkuẓ, tḍfr tt inn Sudan s 1,865,813 kilumitr amkkuẓ, ama tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn tga tt Sicl nna igan yan warkabil ɣ uftas agmuḍan n tfriqt.[14] Tga Gambya tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn ɣ ugns n wakal adslan n tfriqt.
Tadmsasnfl
Mqqar ggutn isugam igamann ɣ tfriqt, tsul tga tad bahra iẓlḍn d tmggarut ɣ tnflit tawfgan gr imnẓawn n umaḍal.[15] Zzɣ isragn n ɣayad llant tmuḍan inqqan d ifirusn (lumr ifirusn n Malarya d Sida), tinbaḍin igufsan nna iskarn ibkkiḍn imizitn mgal izrfan n ufgan, alay n iswirn n tqbbanit, imnɣan gr twsitin. Tuwy d tanaḍt n tnflit tawfgant nna d tssufɣ tmaddast n tmttiwin imunn ɣ usggas 2003 mas d simraw d smmust n tmizar llanin gr tskʷfal 151 d 175 gant akkʷ tiwrikin.[16]
Tutlayinsnfl
Mnnaw isutag ssknen mas llant uggar n yifḍ n tutlayin ttusawalnin ɣ tfriqt (Yunisku tssutg attay n sin ifḍn).[17] Tugtt nnsnt gant tiwfrikin s usala, illint tinna mu iga usala nnsnt zzɣ Uruppa nɣ Asya. Tga tfriqt amnẓaw agtnutlay mqqurn ɣ umaḍal, d ayt tfriqt ur da sawaln ɣar mnnawt tutlayin tiwfrikin, mac ar sawaln ula yat nɣ mnnawt tutlayin zzɣ uruppa. Llant kkuẓt tawjiwin n tutlayanin mqqurnin ɣ tfriqt :
- Tawja tutlayant (Afroasiatic) llant gis wattay n 240 n tutlayin d 285 mlyun n imssiwln ɣ Yisk awfrik, agafa n tfriqt, Saḥil, d iffus utrim n Asya.
- Tawja tutlayant (Nilo-Saharan) tumy uggar n tmiḍi n tutlayin, da tnt sawaln 30 mlyun n umdan ɣ Tcad, Itubya, Kinya, Nijirya, Sudan, Sudan n Unẓul, Uganda, d ugafa n Ṭanẓanya.
- Tawja tutlayant (Niger-Congo) tsmun tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tfriqt ddu tnzruft (Sub-Saharan Africa). Ɣ ma ad iẓlin s wuṭṭun n tutlayin, tga tawja ad talli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ tfriqt, nɣ d akkʷ ɣ umaḍal.
- Tawja tutlayant (Khoisan) gis attay n smmumrawt n tutlayin, da tnt sawal 400.000 n umdan ɣ iffus n tfriqt.[18] Tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tawja ad llant ɣ Imizi n wfuḍ.
Ḍaṛt tigira n usdurri, ssnṣbnt akkʷ tmizar n tfriqt tutlayin tibṛṛaniyin zun d tutlayin timaddudin, mqqar ɣikann llant mnnaw tmizar ssmɣrnt tutlayin tiwfrikin (zun d: Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa). Ɣ kigan n tmizar, tanglizt d tfṛansist ar ttusmrasnt i umsawaḍ ɣ yiga unbiz zun d tanbaḍt, tasɣnzit, asslmd d tɣmsa.
Asgdsnfl
Flsn ayt tfriqt s mnnaw isgdan,[19] macc imra ad ittuskr yan usiṭṭn i yinflas n kraygat asgd, acku ur da ttirint tnbaḍin n tmizar ɣ mmrksn isgdan.[20] Illa ɣ tgrumsna adlis n umaḍal mas d asgd anslm ad bahra yuḍrern ɣ tfriqt, iḍfr t usgd amasiḥ. Yili ɣ tgrumsna tabriṭanit mas d 45% n imzdaɣ n tfriqt gan imuslmn, 40% gin imasiḥin d ddu 15% gan id war asgd nɣ d imḍfar n isgdan iwfrikn. Yili yan wuṭṭun idrusn n ayt tfriqt gan ihindusn, ibahayn, d wudayn.
Timizar n Tafriqtsnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt n ugafasnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt tangmuḍtsnfl
Timizar n Tafrikt n wammassnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt n iffussnfl
Timizar n Tafriqt n tagutsnfl
Ẓr ulasnfl
Iɣbulasnfl
- ↑ https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/
- ↑ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918). "Afri". In Georges, Heinrich. Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (8th ed.). Hannover. Retrieved 20 September 2015
- ↑ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles 1879. Afer A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ↑ Venter & Neuland, NEPAD and the African Renaissance (2005), p. 16
- ↑ Names of countries, Decret and Fantar, 1981.
- ↑ Geo. Babington Michell, "The Berbers", Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 2, No. 6 (January 1903), pp. 161–94.
- ↑ Edward Lipinski, Itineraria Phoenicia, Peeters Publishers, 2004, p. 200. ISBN 90-429-1344-4
- ↑ "Consultsos.com etymology"
- ↑ in Revue de Philologie 50, 1976: pp. 221–38.
- ↑ Draydil, Alisday & Blik Jirald. (1985) tafrikt n ugafa d ugmuḍ anammas, tamsiggzt n tsdawit uksfurd g iwunak imunn isbn ISBN 0-19-503538-0.
- ↑ Atlas - Xpeditions @ nationalgeographic.com National Geographic Society. 2003
- ↑ Win Ifanz. (1924) tafrikt, klarindun i tɣmsa
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
- ↑ Huwr Bin. (2002) tagrumsna kingficr sg ya ar yaz tigmmi n uẓrag kingficr. tasna 11 ISBN 0-7534-5569-2.
- ↑ Ritcard Sandbruk, tisrtitin n tḍuri n tdmsa tawftikt, tamsiggzt n tsdawit kambridj. 1985 amalas
- ↑ hdr.undp.org Timttiwin Imunn, [timḥḍit] 16-03-2018
- ↑ " Tafriqt " Yunisku, 2005.
- ↑ "Khoisan Languages". The Language Gulper. 27 innayr 2017.
- ↑ "Asgd g tfriqt". 09-05-2008
- ↑ "Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere". Normitsu Onishi. The New York Times Company. 09-03-2009
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