Agadir
- Iɣ ur igi wad amgrad lli tsiggilt, kcm s tasna n Agadir bac ad tẓrt akkʷ imgradn nna dar illa yism zun d wad !
Agadir tga yat tiɣrmt imqqurn illan ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib ɣ tasga n Sus. Tlla tiɣrmt ad ɣ 508 km ɣ unẓul n Tigmmi tumlilt, d 173 km i Taṣṣurt, d 235 km i Mrrakc.
Uggar n 421 844 n mddn zdɣn ɣ Ugadir , d uggar n 600 599 n mddn zdɣn ɣ Agadir-Idawtanan. Kṛaḍ n tutlayin ad sawaln imzdaɣn n Ugadir : Taclḥit, Taɛṛabt tamrrukiyt ( Darija ), Tafrasist.
Ar nttini i imzdaɣn n Ugadir " Agadiriyin " s tɛrabt , d " Ait Ugadir " s tamaziɣt .
Aẓur n yism[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agadir iga yan wassaɣ amaziɣ ammak nns igat iɣrm akcraraḍ nɣ tazqqa n ujmu d imndi ... , d llan tugtt n wassaɣn aḍnin i tɣrmtt n ugadir zzɣ tasut tiss smmust d mraw , gisn mad igan win imzdaɣ zun d "agadir n iɣir" , "agadir n lɛṛba" , "lɛin n lɛṛba" , "tigmmi n lɛin n lɛṛba" , "tigmmi n uṛumi" . d llan wassaɣn lli yas gan imdduryn slawan t akk ibrdqqizn zun d : Santa cruz de Ague Santa Cruz du cap do ... . d llan wassaɣn aḍnin lli ittyafan ɣ tikrṭa d tnfulin tiqqburin . d rad lkmn wassaɣn ad mann yaẓn i 20 , macc tugtt nnsn ur sul ttyssann . ɣilad ur sul ɣaman amr sin ɣ wassaɣn ad gantn "agadir" d yan wassaɣ aḍnin art ttinin i yan ɣ iḍuṛan n tɣrmt igat "funti" .
Amzruy[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Anaɣiz[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amzruy n tmdint n Ugadir iga agnaw dat tasut tis 12, ur illi ma tt ibdrn ula ma fllas isawn dat usakud ad.
Ɣ tasut tis-snat dat tlallit n lmasiḥ, ibdr buwmzruy Polybe ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n tfriqt, ɣ ugaraw anaṭlas, yan cap Rhysaddir, lli iẓḍar ad yili ɣ kra n udɣar ur bahra yaggugn f Ugadir, idis nns ckkan sul gis id buwmzruy.
Tamnagit takaṛḍugrafit lli akkʷ iqburn nna ɣ nttafa Agadir d nna ɣ-d tbayyn tga tt ɣ yat takaṛḍa n 1325 : ɣ udɣar ɣ nnawaḥi nna ɣ tlla tamdint ɣilad, gis uskan n yan umkan ila yism n Porto Mesegina, id ikkan yism n taqbilt tamaziɣt ittuybdarn yad ɣ tasut tis-12, taqbilt n Msgina, ad tt igan d Ksima.[1]
Ɣ tigira n tizi n uzmz anammas, Agadir tga yan iɣrm idrus as waddur ; ism ad nit, Agadir el-arba, ittyafa ɣ tiklit izwarn ɣ 1510.[2]
Azmz Abrtqqizi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1505, Ibrtqqizin kcmn yad ɣ-akud-ann d taɣarin timɣribiyin, ṣkun ukan aṣddar d tiɣrmt nnsn ɣ uḍar n yat twrirt nɣ tadawt mnid n yill, Santa Cruz do Cabo de Aguer (Tagʷrramt taẓggʷa n Cap Ɣir), ɣ udɣar n tuddurt ɣilad laḥt n Funti (ila yism ad lli d ikkan tguri n fonte iṭṭafn anamk n aɣbalu).
Dɣya, sliɣ d umẓn ibrtqqizn zzkiṛ d tqbilin n tmnaḍt uqɛan gra-tsn tmukrisin. Zɣ 1530, blukin ɣinna ibrtqqizn ɣ Santa Cruz. Ibda lmadd abrtqqizi lliɣ d iɣʷi ugllid asaɛdi Muḥammad Ccayx ass n 12 mars 1541 iɣrm n Santa Cruz de Aguer. Ṣḍiṣ tmaḍ n willi ur mmutnin zɣ ibrtqqizn srsn tn ɣ biggurdan, gisn ula anbbaḍ Guterre de Monroy d yillis Dona Mecia. Ur asn ṛẓmn aylliɣ tn sɣan kra n igʷrramn lli d yuckan zɣ Brtqqiz xississan bac ad tn sdrfin. Dona Mecia, lli y'as immut urgaz ɣ ammas n imnɣi, tahl Muḥammad Ccayx macc tmutt lliɣ tra ad taru ɣ 1544. Ɣ usggʷas ad nit, iṛẓm Muḥammad Ccayx i unbbaḍ Guterre de Monroy, aɣuln-d gan imddukkal.[3]
Timrsi n ibrtqqizn ɣ Lmɣrib umɛin gr 1505 d 1520, rad naqṣn. Ḍaṛt mzliwt n Agadir, iqqan f Ibrtqqizn ad fln Asfi d Azmmur. Lmɣrib imik s imik ur sul ihmmi ibrtqqizn lli d iḍwwrn s dar Lhnd d Lbrizil. Ḍaṛt 1550, ur umẓn ibtrqqizn ɣ Lmɣrib abla Mazagan (ad t igan d Jdida), Ṭanja d Sbta.
Ankar Amzwaru[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tasutin tis 18 d tis 19[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Azmz Afransawi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Amussu n trgagit n wakal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agadir ḍaṛt 1960[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Timktit[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ɣ 1505, lliɣ yad rsan ɣ kigan n tɣarin timrrukiyin, bnan ibrtqizn yat tgadirt d yan umaris n tsbbabt tama n yill, ɣ izddar n wawrir ɣ illa Ugadir-uflla, iga s yism Santa Cruz do Cabo de Aguer.
ɣ 1911, tssufḍ Lalman yan uɣrrabu s Ugadir ilan s yism SMS Panther, ayad yiwi-d yan umukris adiblumasiy mqqurn gr Fransa d Lalman, ar as ttinin Tassast n Ugadir, nɣ Tassast tamrrukiyt tiss snat.
Ɣ usggas n 1911 issiw uɣrrabu almani "bantr" ɣ tɣrmt afadd ad iḥḍu ilmanin zdɣnin ɣ ugadir , mayad add yiwin aylliɣ tlla tassast n ugadir ngr fṛansa d almanya , ɣaylli d yiwin ad tssuḍrer fṛansa is tsdurri maṛṛa amṛṛuk ɣ usggas n 1912 .
Ɣ 29 fabṛayr 1960 ɣ ugad wiss 11 d 57 n tusdadt n yiḍ , immuss wakal n ugadir , ɣaylli d iwin arkiɣ tndl tɣrmt . d ɣ 15 n ultu ittymḍal mad izrin 15.000 n ufgan . lliɣ izri unggza n ugadir inna ugllid muḥmmad wiss smmus : «لئن حكمت الأقدار بخراب أكادير، فإن بنائها موكول إلى إرادتنا وعزيمتنا» , nɣd : « iɣ izzurf urtum andal n ugadir , tuska nns tlla f waqqas nnɣ d umummi nnɣ » ityska ugadir amaynu ɣ 2 km ɣ iffus n ugadir taqqburt . tiɣrmt tamaynut s ibridn nns ibarawn d tiskka nns timaynutin d tbrnaṭin nns ur tga zun d tiɣrmin tiqqburin n umṛṛuk . d nttat ad yiwin taskflt tiss snat ɣ tmallayt ḍaṛat amuṛṛakkc s ugalaz n uftas nns ibuɣlan d ignna nns aẓrwal . yuckad ɣ tiṭṭan lli ittyskarn masdd anadal lli yutn agadir iga walli bahra iggutn , lliɣ yut unngza tugtt n iḍuran ns (talbdjt , lqṣbt...) , d idɣarn ad darsn yan unbḍu immrwasn , att igan d usttiɣ lli illan ɣ ddu wakal , lli immntln ɣ mad izrin i tugtt n tmukrisin ɣ tdffurt n wakal , macc ɣ usggas n 1960 illa yakk umussu n wakal lli immntln i unadal n tɣrmt . ḍaṛat amngas lli yutn agadir ɣ wass n 29 fabṛayr 1960 , iḍṛd uṭṭun n imzdaɣ zzɣ 45000 ar 16000 .
Inna ugllid muḥmmad wiss smmus : «لئن حكمت الأقدار بخراب أكادير، فإن بنائها موكول إلى إرادتنا وعزيمتنا» , nɣd : « iɣ izzurf urtum andal n ugadir , tuska nns tlla f waqqas nnɣ d umummi nnɣ » . tlla tɣrmt n ugadir ɣ yan udɣar irxa ad gis ilin imussutn n wakal , d ɣayad af ttyska tɣrmt n ugadir tamaynut ɣ 2 km ɣ iffus n udɣar nns aqqbur .
Asnmkta[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas[4]:
Aslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n taqubbanit (middn lli ur ssin ad aqran wala ad ttaran) : 17,9%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli iɣran ar usinan n usmdi nɣd uggar : 27,6%
Tadamsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli llan ɣ isggasn nnsn n twuri : 50,8%
- Tigmiḍi n tarwuri (middn lli ur ṭṭafn tawuri) : 17,2%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin dar lmxzn (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 14,1%
- Tigmiḍi n imzdaɣ lli swurin ɣ uslig (nɣ kantin swurin gis) : 58,8%
Tarakalt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Agadir Uflla[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga Agadir Uflla yan ugadir ibna t ugllid Asɛdiy Ɛabdllah Lɣalb ɣ 1572. Ittyawbna ɣ iggi n ya wawrir yattuyn s 236 m. Awrir ad ittyara ɣ tsga nns ifkan i iffus s tɛṛabt: "Allah, al-watan, al-malik ", « Rbbi nɣ Akuc, Tamazirt, Agllid ».
Ittyara ɣ taggurt n ugadir ad s thulanḍiyt "Vreest god ende eert den kooning ", anamk nns iga t : « kṣuḍ ṛbbi, twqqrt agllid ».
Taɣarin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Gan iftasn n ugadir yat taɣawsa lli bahra yiwin tiṭṭ n imallayn d willi bahra tirinin tisggiwin n Sus. Tili taɣart s yat tiɣzi n 07 km d uggar. Mac iɣ ira yan ad iẓr iftasn taɣarin lli bahra icwan, illa fllas a'nn yitti f tmdint yamẓ aɣaras n Taṣṣurt. Ɣin ran yaf uggar n 20 n taɣart nɣd aftas. Ig uftas n Taɣazut yan ɣ iftasn lli baḥra ttuyssanin, yili sisn uḍar d umuddu. A'nn ka zrit Taɣazut s yan smus id kilumitr ran taft aftas abuda lli mu smman ihippiyn "Paradis plage " nɣd « Iftasn Ljnt ».
Anzwi[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iḍfuṛ ugadir i unzwi anammas , d unzwi zun d win tnzruft ɣ yat tizi , d ar bahra ttɣama tskʷflt n trɣi ɣ mad yaẓn i 20°C . zun d tiɣrmt n nirubi ɣ kinya . ar izray ɣ tɣrmt ɣaylli mu ttinin "ccrgi" . d igat kra n waḍu lli d itkkan tanzruft d ar ittmntal ɣ uzrruy n tskʷflt n trɣi ard tzri 40°C .
Tadmsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga Ugadir yat tmdint li bahra ituyssan s tmallayt ɣ tmazirt n Umrruk. Ar tid ittwattasn gaygan du amalay ɣ kraygatt tasga a ɣu amadlan, gin ifransawiyn imzwura li bahra issusam Ugadir, tab3antnin ilalmaniyn s ingliziyn. Imallaynad gan sɣ wanaw n imallayn li itllinin s iftasn d tafukt.
Tudrt n il d twuriwins[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Yat ɣ tiwuriwin timuqqranin n il tsalan middn n ugadir tisggiwin gantn tiwuriwin n il. tli ɣ ugadir lmrsa tisnat lmrruk, tili fkrat wal, talmrzat n tmallayt, talmrssat n srdil d gmrt islman d lmrsa tamaynut ntsbbabt.
Asslmd[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tlla ɣ Ugadir Tasdawt n Ben Ẓuher, yat zɣ tsdawin timqranin n tmazirt. Tumy taɣiwant n iḍbibn, tin tussniwin, tin tussniwin tizfanin, tidmsanin d tinamunin, tin tussniwin tinfganin, d kra n tmrsal yaḍnin n usslmd anflla : ENSA, ENCG, d ESTA.
Tadlsa[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Ar ttyawskarn kigan n inmuggarn ɣ Ugadir, gisn :
- Anmuggar n Tmitar : Isman aẓawan n ayt Sus, win imaziɣn, d win Lmɣrib s umata, wala win umaḍal. Ar ittili kraygat usggʷas ɣ tzwiri n Yunyu.
- Anmuggar n La Tolérance : Ar ittili kraygat asggʷas d ar ittkka ɣar yan yiḍ.
Tamallayt[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
ttwayssan tɣrmt n ugadir lli yaẓn i ugarw aṭlanti s unzwi nns amnumms , d tiɣzi n uftas nns lli izrin 30 kilumitṛ , d umlal nns awraɣ , d tfukt nns ismrɣan uggar n 300 n wass ɣ usggʷas , ma yad ad stt isslkmn i yan uswir bahra yattuyn ɣ tmallayt , lliɣ llan tugtt n izugaz imqqṛann ɣ tama n uftas nns , lli dar llan tugtt n ibridn rẓmnin f uftas . ɣiklli ttwayssann izugaz n ugadir s uzdduɣ amṛṛuki d uzdduɣ amaynu , d tnufa n tunnunt , d tnufa n usjji n tdusi .
Aftas n ugadir[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga uftas n ugadir yan ɣ iftasn bahra iẓiln ɣ umṛṛuk , lliɣ ẓḍarn imallayn ad gis skrn tugtt n iẓwarn zun d isardabn n tafukt d ussudu n isan d tunnunin n waman d igiwr ɣ tbrnaṭ n iggi n uftas .
Urti n ulhaw[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga irti n ulhaw yan urti bahra iẓiln lli s a fttun tugtt n imallayn afadd ad gis zzrin yat tizi n tayri , ɣ yat tmust ifulkin .
Asif n waylaln[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga yan urti n imudar amẓyan , lli indazn s maṛṛa inawn n waylaln d igḍad , d kra ɣ imudar aḍnin , d tlla f kra n izmmuẓẓal zg uftas , ar d sis ttackan imẓyann ula imqṛann . afadd ad ẓṛn igḍaḍ d waylaln , issann fllasn kra n inɣmisn . llan urti yad tugtt n wanawn n waylaln d imudar , llistt yujjan ad taf urtan aḍnin n umṛṛuk . d ɣ isggʷasn ad ggʷranin , irẓm urti tiggura ns fabur ɣ udm n imzdaɣ d imallayn .
Asays n lamal[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Asays imqquṛn ɣ tiɣrmt n ugadir , ar gis ttilin tugtt n imwirn d inmuggarn d imussutn lli ittawsn afadd ad tlkm tɣrma tamṛṛukit d tɣrma tamaziɣt yan uswir yattuyn , zun d anmuggar n timitar lli d ittawin tugtt n inuẓar zzɣ Amṛṛuk slawantt akkʷ Sus , d wyyad zzɣ timura yaḍnin .
Agadir n uflla[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Iga yan udɣar zɣ umzruy tlla yad gis tɣrmt taqqburt , macc yan ugzzum mqquṛn zgis indl s ummntal n umussu n wakal lli yutn tiɣrmt ɣ usggʷas n 1960 . illa ugadir n uflla ɣ iggi n yan udrar lli dar 236 mitru ɣ tɣzi f tsna n yill .ɣ iẓẓlmd n tɣrmt n ugadir . ittyskar ɣ usggʷas n 1540 f ifassn d unmɣuṛ Muḥmmad Ccayx Ssaɛdi .
Tiwlafin[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
Tiɣbula[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]
- ↑ Taqbilt n Ksima - Tiqbilin n Lmɣrib
- ↑ « Nom qui semble attester l'existence d'un marché du mercredi, « souk el-arba », près d'un grenier collectif. »Chronique de Santa-Cruz du Cap de Gué, Paris, 1934
- ↑ Chronique de Santa-Cruz du Cap de Gué, Paris, 1934
- ↑ http://rgphentableaux.hcp.ma/
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