ETUDE LEXICALE DES TEXTES SUPPORT D’APPRENTISSAGE CONTENUS DANS LES MANUELS SCOLAIRES DE 3 EME ET 4 EME ANNEE MOYENNE(2012- 2013).
Date2016-11
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Abstract
Deg tezrawt-nneɣ, nexdem tasleḍt i yeḍrisen yellan deg sin n yidlisen n tmaziɣt n uswir wis kraḍ d uswir wis ukuz. Anekcum n tmaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz azzayri yella-d deg useggas n 1995 ilmend n ueḥbus ɣef leqraya n ṭam(8) wagguren anda sebblen yinelmaden leqraya-nsen akkeen ad tekcem tmeslayt-nsen s aɣerbaz azzayri. Maca xas tekcem s aɣerbaz, ur tefri ara imi imir i d-banen wuguren imuqqranen : ur yelli wahil, ur yelli udlis, ur telli tarayt n ulmud … Ayen yeǧǧan yal aselmad ixeddem akken yufa mačči akken yebɣa : wa yessexdam ‘’tajerrumt n tmaziɣt’’n Mulud At Mɛemmer, wa d ‘’tira n tmaziɣt’’ n Remḍan Ɛeccab… Mi tuɣal d taɣelnawt, bden teffɣen-d kra n yidlisen s ɣur uɣlif n usegmi. D acu i yeǧǧan assa nettwali tuffɣa n waṭas yidlisen n tmaziɣt, gar-asen wid nesseqdec deg tezrawtnneɣ (aswir wis kraḍ d wis ukuz n ulmud n tmaziɣt). Asteqsi s wayes i nebda tazrawt-nneɣ: Amawal i sxedmen deg yiḍrisen i yellan deg yidlisen-agi (aswir wis kraḍ d uswir wis ukuz): Ma d win yellan di lmendad akken ad issaweḍ izen i yimeɣri? Amek i yettwabna umawal-agi? I wakken ad d-nerr tiririt ɣef yisteqsiyen-agi, nebḍa tazrawt-nneɣ ɣef sin yixfawen: Ixef amezwaru: Nemmeslay-d ɣef yidlisen n tmaziɣt s umata, d useqdec-nsen deg ulmud, sin ɣer-s neffka-d agzul amecṭuḥ ɣef wedlis n tmaziɣt, d wamek i ibeddel seg tallit-ines tamezwarut, armi id-newweḍ ɣer tizi n wassa. Sin akkin neffka-d tabadut n kra wawalen s ways i tbedd tezrawt i nexdem ( adlis n tmaziɣt, imerḍilen, awalen imaynuten…). Ixef wis-sin: Nga tasleḍt n umawal i sxedmen deg yiḍrisen n uswir wis kraḍ d wis ukuz n ulmud alemmas, anda nessaweḍ ad d- nefk tiririt s telqay ɣef wawalen imaynuten(néologie) d wawalen imerḍilen(emprunt), yal aḥric seg-sen nefka-d tabadut-is akked d umawal-is. Ad naɛreḍ ad nessiweḍ ad nexdem tasleḍt i yiḍrisen akk yellan deg sin yidlisen-agi. Nessaweḍ nefka-d akk amawal ilaqen i sxedmen di sin yidlisen-agi, annect-a yakk s useqdec n wawalen imaynuten akked wawalen imerḍilen. Nufa-d deg sin yidlisen-a belli amawal i sxedmen deg-s yusa-d fessus (yeshel) ɣef yimeɣri. Yessishil taɣuri i yimeɣri deg sin yidlisen-a. Llan deg-s aṭas n wawalen imerḍilen ladɣa wid n tutlayt taɛrabt, maca llan ula d wid n tutlayt tafransist acku drus. Amarḍil yessishil taɣuri i yimeɣri, acku a lukan a nger tamawt ad naff belli deg sin yidlisen-a imyura sqedcen aṭas awalen yessishilen i yimeɣri asusru di lmenṭaq ulac ugur degs, d ayen yeǧǧan imyura s xedmen aṭas n wawalen imerḍilen si tutlayt n taɛrabt ,acku ma yella n muqel ad naff tutlayt taqbaylit tiwid aṭas seg taɛrabt (tutlayt taqbaylit teqreb mliḥ ɣer tutlayt n taɛrabt), maca awalen imaynuten xeddmen-d ugur d amuqran i yimeɣri iwakken adas- issaweḍ izen. Acku d awal amaynut ɣer tutlayt i deg yettmeslay. Ɣer taggara nessawḍed ad neffaɣ s yiwet n tikti, belli iḍrisen n yidlisen n tmaziɣt inezrew sɛan aṭas n wawalensi tutlayt n taɛrabt, ɣas akken llan ula si tutlayt tafransist maca ugar n wawalen kkan-d si taɛrabt. M.d: xemsa / laman / tabalizt / tamdint / lkarta / lxuf / lǧameɛ / ddunit / liḥala / lḥebs /ccreɛ / axsim / lhemm … Maca, llan daɣen wawalen imaynuten id nufa deg sin yidlisen-a. M.d: asaru / amrig / imsulta / yuges / amsedrar / ṭṭrad / abaɣur / timetti / ilugan / iɣrem / iserdasen / amegrus / aɣref / agellid / ayis / tirmegt / agari / aɣaras / afna … Nessawḍed ɣer tizi n wassa nufa-d belli mazal imyura yettarun s tutlayt taqbaylit seqdacen aṭas amawal n tutlayt taɛrabt, acku awalen imaynuten deg tutlayt-nneɣ usan-d d ugur amuqran i yimeɣri deg tmetti anda i nettidir.
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