Tazrawt
(Etude):
Imazighen jar weoraq d
useoraq (Tafurt wis 1)
Yura t': Lyamani Qassuh (Ayt Oebdellah,
lhusima)
«Ticri, ad tinid tugha t xaf sen
tura. Ticri
warten t id zi rejdud imezwura… Ticri jjin t id inni imezwura. Ticri zzay s
sbedden amezruy nsen. Amezruy n ticri…“Neccin d tarwa n ticri… Aghimi ghar
negh d aweddvar»(1)
1- Aoraq (anig) d raggûj...
S wawaren a n tawmat Muhemmed Buzeggu i d yusin deg ungal nnes
“Ticri x tama n tasarrawt”, ad nadef ad nessiwel x usentel (thème) n ticri
nigh aoraq/atlao, i ismaren attvas n ighzdisa zi tudart n wayduden.
S manaya, ntaf belli asentel a tetwawc as bezzef (attvas,
cigan) n taynit s wattvas n imesnawiyen d imrazzuten g iyyar n tneflit d
tussna d timetti d tademsa d tarakalt d umezruy…
Maca adas n umezruy i weoraq itghima d ijj n wadas d
aqudvadv amec iqqar Oebdellap Lbarudi(2). S manaya,
ttass d tarzuyt a i ghad negg, huma ad narzu x izvewran n uoraq deg wmezruy.
Huma ad nessen wac d tidett nigh d ixarriqen belli neccin
d ijj n weydud itexs aoraq, ad nini d amneoruq?
Ad narzu, ad nessen min d anegh ijjin n oarreq, d min d
anegh ijjan oad ruxa neccin noarreq/ntetlao?
Zdat ma ad nadess, nigh ad narr x iseqsan a, ixessv ad
nessen immi qqaren: aoraq?
-Min ixes ad yini: aoraq/atlao?
-Man imezli (rfarz) jar: uoraq d useoraq?
-Imazighen n Arrif: oarqen nnit nigh soarqen ten?
U mizi? U mayemmi?
Huma ad yili adas i ghad negg i
wsentel a yecna u yudjegh, u yudess i tidett, awal inu as yili x Arrif.
Arrif netta d iyyar/araq i d yusin di zermedv n Lmerruk.
Ad nbedd ghar ca n isemdvan i yemsarn deg umezruy di zic d
yidv a.
2- Asbadu n uoraq (anig).
Aoraq/Atlao ixs ad yini: “Amutti zeg wraq ghar uraq, zeg
wraq n tzeddight ghar wennedvni itili yeggêj x tzeddight”(3).
Amutti ya itawi d ufugh d ticri d
utewweh d utlao d uggaji. U netta
itemsebdva aked (“olahsab”): Akud d iggmiren n tarakalt.
Mara neksi d aoraq aked (olahsab) tarakalt, ntaf aoraq
imsebdva x sin(2): Aoraq agensi (dixer) d uoraq n
barra. Aoraq ameggaru netta mi x ad nessiwer deg wsentel
a. Maca min ixes ad yini uoraq di taneflit n imazighen?
Aoraq itwassen di marra ayduden n
umadval zeg ûmi tessenta tudart n ufeggan/atarras. U netta d
tasgahrt zi tseqqar nnes ad mux i d yusa deg “abareh amedvlan n tiseqqar n
ufeggan”(4).
Maca itghima kuy agdud mux ghar s
ixezzvar nigh mux t izvar. Axezvar a/
azri ya wa itass d netta d anelkam n tawada deg
wbrid n tudart n aweydud. Mara neksi d aydud n Arrif i yejjan d aydud d
amazigh, ntaf waxxa rux marra tarezzu nigh txarrves ad
toarq(5).
Maca itghima weoraq, ira ghur s ict n tasmaqqatc
ur
tehri ghar imezdagh deg Arrif. Amya ntaf di zic blli atarras ira ioarrqen
ur ghar s bu wraq jar tawacunt, jar imezdagh n dcar,
jar tarwa n tmurt. Itghima netta xezzvaren ghur s ijj n uxezzvar d aqudvadv u
ujar manaya, ntaf blli aoraq ira temzawaren u tmenghan zzay s: “Arah a
yamenneoruq, mri day k ttayla (arbah) iri ur toarqed”.
Amya, mara inna ca n yijj i wennidven: a yamenneoruq, a yametluo, itaca axmi
ighars as acku ighedvr as u yessepwa ays zi tcuni d uraq i ghar s jar ayt
rwacun d weydud. U manaya i tawi d amenghi d
uxeyyeq d ameqran jar asen. U izemmar ad yawi ghar
ufsax n waqqan ira ismuna ten. U manya ntaf ghur s
izvewran xlli d min iteqqnen ghar tudart n weydud gi zic. Ira ntaf
aoraq itemqudda ag tamarrut n wenghi (peine de
mort) nigh ag tamarrut n takurmut (prison) ar aneggar n tudart nnes (prison à
vie).
Amya, imgharen imrayyan ira zzurfan (prononcer
un verdict) x wen i ghad yunghen wennidven s ioraq,
sseoraqen t, ssufughen t zi teqbitc, zi rwacun, zi tmurt nnes. U yetghima ghur
s bu waqqan jar asen(6).
U qqaren toawden iwdan n zic belli ca n imezdagh zi tmurt n
Arrif ira waxxa deg ûssan mani ntaf anzvar itudrus
ur tifen utci (nourriture), netnin tghiman di tudrin nsen, tagin ad oarqen
waxxa yiwi aghimi ya ghar tmettant.
U manaya ismara belli aydud amazigh
di Arrif ira ixezzvar ghar weoraq s ca n uxezvar d aqudvadv.
Axezzvar a wa ntad it' ghar ca n wayduden nnidven
deg wmadval. Amacnaw aydud n Urug May di Mirika talatinit(7).
S manaya, itass d useqsi: Mayemmi u
manis d yekka uxezzvar a wa? U magahr nedwer qqao
narezzu ad noarq? Amux yusi d deg ûwal n Muhemmed Buzeggu “Neccin d
tarwa n ticri”, nigh amux inna Oellal Zerwali “Aoraq idwer d
taghariwt(8)”. Nigh amux iqqar azrawi ameqqran Hmed
Ziyyani: “Magahr neccin war negh yeysi wexxam?”(9).
Twarrit x iseqsan a, tessadaf anegh
huma ad narzu deg wmezruy n uoraq ghar imazighen.
Maca, zdat ad nessneta, ixessv ad
nessen imezli jar uoraq d useoraq.
3- Asbadu
n useoraq:
D tidett, mara nenna belli “aoraq” d asemqar nigh d azwel
itawi d deg tutlayt n taorabt “Lpijra” u temqudda ag
“Immigration” di tutlayt n tefransist u yezwar nessiwel x usbadu n uoraq.
Aseoraq netta, zeg imyagen (verbes) ismaran blli din amyag
s bezzaf(10).
Aseoraq: Ixessv ad yini blli din amuti d ticri d ufugh d
uggaji s bezzez u s drao.
Aseoraq itemsar asel (bra) txusi n ufeggan. Itass d
d anelkam n wadaf n ca n uhewwas x imezdagh n ca n tmurt. Nigh d
anelkam n uzeyyar n ca n tsertit d tadiyulujit
ur txeddem aydud
d imezdagh. U nzemmar ad nebdva aseoraq x sin: aseoraq s tirebbah, d useoraq
ijj ijj n tawerikit.
S manaya, ad nadef ghar umezruy huma ad nessen: Imazighen
mani yellan jar uoraq d useoraq.
4 - Aseoraq n imazighen deg wmezruy igelsen
Nenna, deg wmezwaru blli aoraq
yetwassen ghar marra ayduden d timettiwin zeg ûmi tella tudart.
Amya, ntaf belli aydud amazigh issen ra d netta “aoraq”.
Maca aydud a, zeg wmezwaru arezzun as u xsen as ad yili d
amenneoruq d ametluo.
Amya, nnan blli imazighen
ur llin bu d
tarwa n tmurt n zermedv n Wafriqya. Nnan usin d, oarqen d, ggûjen d… zi
“Lyaman”… zi “Filistvin” (Ccam)… zi “Urubba”(10).
Timenna ya xsent ad inint, zi min xsent ad inint, belli
imazighen d imenneoraq, ur ghur sen bu wezvwar di
tmurt a. S manaya, iqqar Muhammed Buzeggu: «Ticri ad tinid tugha t xaf sen
tura, ticri warten tet id zi rejdud imezwura, ticri jjin tet id inni imezwura.
Ticri zzay s isbedden amezruy nsen»(11).
Amya, ntaf marra ihuwwasen i d yusin ghar tmurt n imazighen,
ggin min ghur sen d tizemmar mahend ad ssufghen, ad soarqen ayt
bab n tmurt huma ad hewwsen tamurt a, ad ceffaren agra
nnes, ad azzren xef imezdagh nnes…
Amya, mara nedwer ghar umezruy
agles (antique) nigh amaynu (zic attvas), wami ira tamurt n imazighen
day s ahuwwas arumi (colonisateur romain), ntaf blli imazighen twasoarqen ghar
barra. Dani arzugh u beddegh xef ca n isemdan (événements) i yemsaren deg
wmezruy idva nyucen ict n tasmaqqatc x useoraq i tegga “Ruma/irumiyen” i
ymezdagh n zermedv n Lmurruk ira itwassen deg wmezruy nni s “Muritanya n
Tvanja” jar useggûs n 31 d 25 zdat talilit n Lmasih(12).
Amya, ntaf iqqar ijj anmezray (historien) d arumi qqaren as
“Strabun” ig yuran x tarakalt n Wafriqya bbli Ruma d asoarq n imezdagh n
temdint n “Zilis”(13) ghar yeffus n “Ibirya” mani
thewwes ca n tmurt tegga day s ict n thewwast (colonie) s adu wezwel “Lulya
Luza” u tarni ghur sen ca n imezdagh n temdint n Tvanja (Tinjis).
Awarni manaya tarni d tiwi d ca n imezdagh nnes z Italya.
Dani ntaf yan n anmezray i
mmi qqaren “Billin Awessar” yidar (évoquer, mentionner) ghar wemyag n ca n
temhewsin di Muritanya yegga tent Ugustin, zzay sent: Zilis, Binaza(13).
Min itwaggen amya, yejja attvas n wawal jar yenni irazzun
deg wmezruy x useoraq s tirebbah n imezdugh n temdint n “Tinjis” d “Zilis”.
Itghima useqsi isrusan ixf nnes da netta: Min ijjin imrayyan n “Ruma” deggen
ghar useoraq s tirebbah?
Inni yarin x useqsi ya, nnan attvas n timenna. Nnan: atigh
“Ruma” tarezzu ad tarzvem iggar nigh tamurt n imazighen huma ad adfen irumiyen
ad zedghen. U din yenni yennan blli aseoraq n imezdagh n “Zilis” d “Tvanja”
yusi d huma ad kkaren imezdagh n “Tvanja” umi
ira tetwahewwes tesghart n tanamurt (citoyenneté) zeg Ruma mahend ad arren
imezdagh n “Zilis” d irumiyen. S manaya yusi d usmuni nsen.
Maca, timenna ya tghimant oad day sent min ghad yetwannan.
Magahr?
-Yac “Ruma” ira ghur s tizemmar ad
tarr iwdan d imezdagh d irumiyen bra ad ten tesoarq ghar barra.
Dani, neqqar maghar
ur ittiri useoraq a
yusi d awarni wami yufa ahewwas arumi imezdagh n tighermin (tineddam) i d
yusin di zermedv n Lmurruk kkaren ccaten day s, snekkaren day s taharyat n
tagrawla. Ugin ad msuxuren akid s.
S manaya, huma ad ad taf ufugh i manya, tekkar “Ruma”
tesoarq iten. Dani ntaf ixef nnegh arendad n useqsi s bezzez, maci s tuxsa.
Ad narni blli Ruma tegga aseoraq n
usemdan (individu) imazighen amacnaw min yemsaren i ygrawlen d imgharen
imazighen. Ad nucc amedya (exemple) s
tawacunt n Yuba amzwaru…
Ghar uneggaru, ad nekyu (conclure) blli tarezzut deg iggar
a ggimal ad tesmar s tidett aseoraq ira illi d tasertit tedvfar it Ruma huma
ad tewwet zzay s imazighen mani mma di tmurt ira
tarezzu ad thewwes ad tesdurrey (coloniser).
5-Aseoraq n imazighen deg wmezruy n ulemmas awtay (moyen
âge)
«Zeg wsenti n imussuten n wadaf amesrem, imsar ijj n
uzewggi yemghar zi zermedv ghar Wafriqya ghar “Urubba”. S tarewra n irumiyen d
ifriqiyen ghar “Sebbanya” d tighzirin n uyel acemrar, zi waoraben i d yudfen s
uzwil n tmesremt».(14).
Tamurt n imazighen - zemedv n Wafriqya - u zzay s Arrif -
deg wmezruy a ad assen ghur s aoraben.
Twasit a arsin as d timarsa n “Lislam”.
Maca aqemmum nsen ira itazzer ghar wagra n tmurt a.
U manaya ijja ten tettun tabrat n
ujjed (religion) Lislam.
Arrin taynit i woeddis. S
manayenni ggin attvas n imxubar d ignuten (problèmes) d izgalen (fautes).
Amya ntaf inmezrayen ssawalen, qqaren bbelli aoraben ira
ssufughen, ssaggûjen u sseoraqen imezdagh zi tmurt nsen. Iqqar Sidqi Oali
Azayku(15): «Adaf n usugi n “Roeskar” amesrem di
zermedv n Wafriqya yiwi ghar wemxerwedv d umutti d ugaji n imezdagh s tirebbah».
Issiwel Mmis n Oadari deg wdellis nnes “Albayan Almughrib”,
inna(16): «Awarni usugi n waoraben ghar zermedv n
Wafriqya, attvas n imezdagh d imazighen d irumiyen ig oarqen arewren ghar
Urubba d tigzirin n uyel acemrar».
Tidett a ira yezgur inna t u
yessiwel xaf s “Lbekri” deg wdellis nnes: “Ifriqiyuata d Lmughrib”.
Wani yessiwel x useoreq i ggin aoraben i timagharin
timazighin radj n wudmawen yecnan. Hewsen tent u yiwin tent zzenzen
tent deg igadazen (les marchés) nsen. U yenna Lbekri belli ict n tarbat ira
ttegg 1000 Dinar n tmenyat(17). U manaya inna t'
ura d “Libi Brubinsal d “Husayen Muanis” d “Loerwi” d “M.Heqqi”(19)…
Ina marra nnan belli aoraq d usoarq
ad immarni awarni wadaf d uhewwes ig itwaggen i yeffus n Sebbanya.
Amya, wami aoraben ggwden x ixf nsen ad mten deg wmenghi
aked irumiyen di Sebbanya nigh deg ayel acemrar - maghar ira teggwden ayell -
ccûren u ssihman azellif n imazighen s tadiyulujit n Ljipad, oayaren asen x
wulawen. Smaren asen aberqec (gain) d tarrazt n Ljipad.
Sniffren asen tinelkmin (les conséquences).
Awarni manaya yusi d usufegh d useoreq zi tmurt nsen ghar
barra. Amya, sezguren ten ghar umenghi aked
irumiyen. Nitnin (aoraben) nneggran xezzvaren min
ghad yemsaren d amezwaru.
Z dat ad izvwa Tariq, izvwa Tvarif (amyag n tenbadvt
taburughwatit di 91 zi Lpijra, 710 zi tallit n Lmasih, g ict n tarbiht day s
400 n imazighen(20). Ddun ssijjen mux tella
tanawiyt n tmurt taybirit mahend ad aggren ghar usugi ameqqran i ghad yegg
Tariq mmis n Zeyyad deg wseggûs n 92 zi Lpijra i ytemsasan aked 711 zi tallit
n Lmasih, s ca n 12000 n imezdagh imazighen n zermedv n Lmurruk amux qqaren
attvas n imarezzuten (chercheurs) deg wmezruy(21).
Ur yeodi yan n useggûs x tarnayt (victoire)
i yegga Tvariq di Landalus, awami nufa Musa mmis n Nusvayr deg wseggûs n 93 zi
Lpijra, 712 zi tallit n Lmasih, ismun tarbiht i yiwdven zzay sen imgharen
imazighen, izvwa ghar Alandalus huma ad ihart x Tvariq n Zeyyad.
U yenna Oebdellap Oinan belli uttvun n tarbiht a illa day s
8000 idsen(22).
Azvway (traversée) i yegga Musa n
Nusvayr yiwi d amcubbec d umelsay (conflit) d ameqran jar imazighen d waoraben,
awarni ufin bezzaf n aytmatsen twanghen u zzay sen Tvariq n Zeyyad.
Ur nessin may t' ggin waoraben(23).U zeg imazighen
i d idewren ghar tmurt nnes ntaf Tarif Aburghwatvi i ghad yemdvarnen x
waoraben, ad isnekkar day sen tagrawla aseggûs n 123 zi Lpijra, 740 zi tallit
n Lmasih. U ad igg tanebadvt taburghwatit di
Tamesna deg 124/742(24).
Aseoraq a ig yemsaren i
ymazighen ad iqqim yeddar itmanay anect kkin aoraben trayyan u nebbdven (gouverner)
di Landalus d zermedv n Wafriqya. Manaya ijja imarezzuten deg wmezruy n weoraq,
amacnaw Muhemmed Heqqi(25), bettvan aoraq n
imazighen ghar Landalus ghar kradv n tigella (étapes) d timeqranin.. Yat n
teglellit tennebdva xef wattvas n tesfifin (vagues).
Teglellit tamezwarut jar 92/744 n tlalit.
Taglellit wis sin jar: 136/754 d 202/817. Taglellit wis kradv
jar 300/912 d 422/1031.
Deg wmenghi d umlasay (conflit) ig yemsaren jar icioiyen
ifatvimiyen d Imawiyen isunniyen di zermedv n Wafriqya, attvas n imazighen
oarqen di zermedv, attvas n imazighen oarqen zeg wnelkem n umenghi, amacnaw
min yemsaren i ayt Nkur i yarewren oarqen ghar “Ibirya” wami d sugen
Ifatimiyen x teghremt (tamdint) n Nkur deg wseggûs n 304/916(26).
Ufugh a d useoraq a ig yemsaren i ymazighen s tirebbah ghar
barra, yusi d d anelkam n “tsertit tadiyulujit taourubit” i yemmarsen x
tahraymect d ixarriqen d tuccefra d tukkardva d usiwef (terrorisme).
Tadiyulujit a ad zzay s ksin inbadven imurabitviyen d
imuwahhiden deg wghezdis yeqqnen ghar “Ljipad” d uslakem (conquête) n
Landalus. U manaya iwwi ghar useoraq n wattvas n imazighen.
Aseoraq a issexwa tammurt n zermedv n Wafriqya zeg imezdagh
nnes. U yejja tammurt tarzvem huma ad adfen aoraben tarwa n Pilal d tarwa n
Salim di tallit (époque) n imuwwahidin, amec iqqar amsermed amarezzu Muhammed
Heqqi(27).
6-Aseoraq n imazighen di tallit tanemtutit (époque contemporaine)
“Tasertit taydeyulujit taorubit” mix nessiwel ar itkasa (hériter) - u zzay s i
ghad yaggen Rmexzen ghar Marruk zi akud (temps) n timidv (siècle) wis 19
ar idv a. U zzay s ar itenbadv (gouverner) imezdagh imazighen.
Rmexzen a, imrayyan ines netnin d andalusiyen i d yarewren awarni tudvewra d
tarayt i Sebbanya n tmurt nsen. Imarrayen a andalusiyen oemmars ur ucin s
wemnus n tmurt d imezdagh imazighen ula s tussna d tneflit nsen. Ira reppan ag
ixf nsen d tarwa nsen. Marra tizemmar i ggin g wghezdis n rmexzen, ggin tent
mahend ad assen d inebbadven huma ad ggen min xsen.
Amya,
wami d suggen tinebdvatin timbiryaliyin (impérialistes) x Lmerruk deg wzgen
wis sin n 19s, nufa indalusiyen imughrabiyen awarni “Tiqunsuliyin” tirubbatin
tnuffuren zi titfarnin (devoirs) u xsen arendad n udvmis awanik. U s manaya,
umun (contriber) di tirzi n udvmis d warzvam n tewwart i yrubbiyen ad
sdurreyen/ad hewwsen (coloniser) tamurt n Lmaruk(28).
U yemsar umyawaz (collaboration) d ameqran jar asen x imezdagh imazighen d
tmurt nsen. U itwagg ijj n uzeyyar x Arrif d iwdan i yzedghen day s. Azeyyar a
itemzvar di taggatin (combats) d uhewwes d uzenzi ig imsarn i tgharmin (tineddam)
d tigzirin n Arrif, d tukatdva d uqabu itwawcaren i ymezdagh nnes ummi
isebbunya arzvin tidsiwin timettiwin d tidemsiwin (destruction des structures
socio-économiques)(29).
(Voir
carte, page 16 du manuscrit)
Arrif
jar uzeyyar n rmexzven d tambiryalit:
Arendad i wsurs a (asurs, addad = situation), oarqen attvas n irifiyen ghar
Dzayar awarni whemmes d usdurrey i tegga Fransa i tmurt a deg wseggus n 1830.
Timnadvin Arrif Wejda Taza Tafilalt
Warzazat Daroa
Uttvun
Jar 30000 35000 20000
20000 6500 3000
N
imenneoraq D 410000
Afelwa
1: Uttvun n imenneoraq ghar Dzayar (Zdat asdurrey ar aseggûs n 1956)
Itemzvar zi tafelwit (tableau) blli taoraqt tedwusa zi timnadvin n zermedv d
yeffus. Acku tasursit tamettiwit tademsiwit n temnadvin a ira tarrezv u tumum
(faiblir) s uzeyyar I ytwaggen xaf sent. U manaya yiwi ghar tudrust n umuzli
(travail) deg ûkud ira day s anzvar yudrus d wattvas n razv i yreqfen Arrif
deg wseggûs n: 1909 1910 1913 1921 1928 1937
1945…
Deg
iyyar a, ntaf amarezzu Oellal Zerwal yeqqar blli Aoraq yarra ayt Arrif d
ighriben(32). U manaya d tidett, acku deg ûkud a
irifiyen ira teddaren deg wdemsiw n tukkardva d tuccefra. Ixessv ur ntettu
blli rmexzen isseoraq titawin gi tinnedvni attvas n imezdagh n Arrif amc
yemsar i ybeqquyen wami i d isug xaf sen Bucta Lbeghdadi deg wseggûs n
1898(33).
7-
Aseoraq n irifiyen di tallit n umesdurrey asebbanyu (1926 1956)
Awarni
usali n tezbut (résistance) tarifit(24), yudef d
umesdurrey asebbanyu ghar tmurt n Arrif. Ag wadaf a, immarni uzeyyar d razv d
fad d tudrust n umuzeli (travail)… d unzvar. S manaya ntaf imezdagh arezzun
ufugh d weoraq ghar Dzayar.
Maca
azeyyar n umesdurrey asebbanyu d ufransis issefses deg wseggûs n 1928 - 1929 -
1930 zeg woraq a acku Fransa teggêd zeg wmutti n imxumbar d tezbut ghar tmurt
i thewwes di Dzayar. Xlli d Sebbanya teggêd ad yemsar ca n umyawaz jar
imezbuten irifiyen d idzayriyen(35).
Maca,
deghya dewrent tinbadvin (Fransa d Sebbanya) g wseggûs: 1931 - 1933 ad
wadment i ymezdagh huma ad oarqen. Sebbanya ad taf ufugh g woraq d usoarq n
irifiyen i tezburt d westan (défense) d takrawla n uzvubezv (possible) ad zzay
s kkarn(36) arendad n usurs a i teddaren d usyettem
n tarayt i tmurt nsen.
Amya
ad idwel useoraq d ijj n ughezdis zi tsertit i ghad tedvfar Sebbanya arendad n
imezdagh n tmurt i tesdurrey di Arrif(37) d ayt
Baoemran d Kanarya…
Huma
ad tili ghur negh ict n tesmaqqatc x uttvunene n imenneoraq ghar Dzayar, ad
nexzvar tifelwa ya:
Afelwa
2: Uttvun n imuzulen n imenneoraq iwetman zi ca n tqebbal tirifiyin deg
wseggûs n 1941(38)
Taqbilt Imenneoraq Imezdagh iwetman %
Temsaman 1567
7504
20.9
Ayt
Soid 1544
5617
27.5
Ayt
Tuzin 1193
8246
14.5
Tafarsit
301
1636
18.4
Aghrud
4605
23003
20
Afelwa
3: Uttvun n imenneoraq ghar Dzayar zeg isunan (zones) n Arrif deg wseggûs n
1954(39)
Timnadvin n weoraq Uttvunen n imennoarqen
Tighremt nLhusima 132
Ayt
Waryigher
2228
Ayt
Kamil
230
Ayt
Oemmart
548
Taghzut
125
Zreqt
81
Ayt
Bufrah
77
Mestasa
71
Ktama
64
Ibeqquyen
52
Ayt
Seddat
22
Ayt
Bucibt
17
Ayt Hmed
14
Targist
15
Ayt Tettvef
10
Ayt Mezduy
04
Ayt Bunsvar
03
Ayt Xennus
01
Itemzvar belli aoraq ghar Dzayar
isawa marra tiqebbar n Arrif.
U yeqqim yeddar ar useggûs n 1956. Jar
1936 1939, Franku asebbanyu issufegh u
yesoarq attvas n irifiyen i yeggin deg wmezwura n “roeskar” mi zi immnegh aked
“Arruxu”.
Deg wseoraq a yemsaren i yhudriyen d
yargazen irifiyen, ntaf belli imrayyan ighellaten (chefs) n ikabaren isertiyen
(partis politiques) n tallit nni amacnaw Mekki Nnasviri d Oebdelxaliq Ttvuris.
Ina tughayen aked umussu n Franku tawzen t. Amya barrhen deg igadazen (souks)
d timzidawin d tiqebbar i ymezdagh huma ad
bedden aked Franku.
Ighellaten a gin tizemmar huma ad
soarqen x wulawen imezdagh wami smaren d tamriht ghar Sebbanya d umenghi aked
“Arruxu” amecnaw tumut (participation) di “Ljipad”.
Acku arruxu d “lkuffar” u d “icuyuoeyyen” ghar ighellaten
a(40). Tadrawt (participation, contribution) n imughrabiyen deg wmenghi
a ira tella ammu:
Zi 18/7/1936 ar 31/3/1939, aghrud (total) n idrawiyen
(participants) yiwwedv uttvunen nsen: 268162. 165000 idsen mmuten zzay sen
30000 zeg Arrif alemmas n ufella, 1700 weddvaren, 5300 mmuten s uneodar…(41).
Amya, ntaf belli amesdurrey asebbanyu
ur
yeggi walu zi min ihran u yecnan di Arrif. Igga tukkardva d thewwast… imezdagh
d wagra nsen…
S manaya, imezdagh ggin fus g fus
zbanen u setnen x tmurt nsen s min ghur sen d tizemmar.
Ira qqaren as: ad nessufegh amesdurrey ahewwas huma tudart nnegh ad tecna ad
tesvbeh, ad nidar ussan yizvidven di tmurt nnegh. Maca
ur
yeffigh umesdurrey awarni wami imtawa u yesmidag (être en coordination) ag
inermaden ines g “Ikes Liban”. (Isul ad itwadvfar)
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