Imelyunen n midden deg umaḍal i ɣa yeggen ficta ɛlaḥsab lɛid n Nuwruz. Niɣ amek yettwassen s « ixef useggas Afarisi d Ukurdi ». Ittas-d aked kul 21 Mars zi kul aseggas. Maca lɛid-a wa sfuggulen zzag-s merra igduden Aryen, i ttuɣa itteddren deg wemkan wami neqqar « tamurt n Faris », yedwlen isem-nnes ɛawed ɣer « Iran » niɣ tammurt n wariyen.
Aseggas-a midden wer tteggen ca aṭṭas n fictat alaḥsab abirus n Kuruna, maca fictat di tmura d imukan n Ikurdiyen di jjihet n Kurdistan n Lɛiraq d Turkiya d Suriya, ad ksint s tmeslayin i zi ḥeṭṭan ḥuma wer ittemɣir ubirus n Covid 19.
Di jjihet n Kurdistan ssezzuggarten zi bakansi-nnsen, zi tlata n wussan ar xemsa n wussan. Mamec wer qqinen ca midden ḥuma wer tteffɣen ɣer berra di lweqt n bakansi-ya. Maca waxxa amenni ṭṭfen di tmeslayin i ɣa yejjen midden ad ḥḍan ixef-nnsen zeg ubirus, ameknaw takmamt d umlaggwaj.
D lɛid n wagduden
Lɛid n Nuwzuz, zi leɛyud uqlilen i zi sufuggulen aṭṭas n wagduden d tdeyyanin deg umaḍal. Netta d ijjen ubakansi d unsib deg ubarru n tmura, ameknaw di Iran, Lɛiraq, Kirɣizistan d Azerbayjan d waṭṭas n lḥukumat nneɣni i neɛɛmen s lɛid-a.
Ficta s lɛid-a urid iqqen ɣer wagduden Iraniyen waha (Ifarisiyen, Ikurdiyen, Izeriyen, Ibectunen d inniḍen), nettaf ula d midden nneɣni ameknaw di Turkmanistan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan d Kirɣizistan, Kazaxestan, Makduniya, iffus n Ukawkas, Krimiya, Ibelkaniyen, Kacmir, d Kujart d zelmeḍ-uɣelluy n Ccinwa d ca n tmura nneḍnit deg uɣelluy n yeffus n Asiya.
Mamec igga Nuwruz ittwafser deg umaḍal ?
Ikabaren n tsebbabt i ttuɣa ittcuqqan abrid n leḥrir (abrid n tsebbabt i ttuɣa itteqqnen Ccinwa, d Uruppa d uɣelluy n Asiya) iraren ijjen tilalt d tameqqrant ḥma ad smuttiyen ixarrisen, tiɣilin (croyances), tussniwin d tdeyyanin jar tarwa n timpiryin (empires) ittemseḍfaren, lɛid n Nuwruz, zi leɛyud ittwafsern jer wagduden s webrid-a wanita.
Yiḍ-a, ca n 300 melyun n midden itteggen ficta, d aya i tenna turgant n Lyuniksu i issersen lɛid-a di llista n wayda amaḍlan deg useggas n 2009. Nuwruz maci lebda ttuɣa ttreḥḥaben zzag-s, aṭṭas n tmura ttuɣa ssersen x-as fus, maca waxxa amenni midden ila tteggen-t s tnuffra.
Mala niwwi-d Suriya d Turkiya, ttuɣa Ikurdiyen wer zemmren ad ggen ficta n Nuwruz, minzi ittic tizemmar i wagdud Akurdi. Zeɛma « itthudda x laman n tmurt » amek i qqarent nitenti. Maca xelli amenni Ikurdiyen ttuɣa sfuggulen zzag-s s pitu n ṭṭumubinat, s lmiccat di merra imukan mani aqqa-yen niteni d azgen d ameqqran di tnayen-a n tmura. Aṭṭas mani tettafed leḥkam n tnayen-a n tmura teṭṭfen artistat, imeɣnas ipulitikiyen d inni itteggen fictat.
Maca Ikurdiyen n Lɛirq, s minzi ttuɣa ɣer-sen uṭunumiya-nnsen, tteggen nuwruz bla ma ad asen-yini ḥedd mayemmi.
Tadeyyant teḥḍar
Di kirɣistan, niɣ di tmeyduda tisuvyatiyin tiqdmidin, asemɣer s nuwruz ttuɣa wer illi. (minzi qqaren qa ittɛeqqab ɣer Tzaradict). S uya wudmawen n usemɣar s lɛid-a wer yelli, ar mani teṭṭef Kirɣizistan tanimant-nnes deg useggas n 1991. Ca n lefquyyat ḥerrmen lɛid-a minzi « ttcebbahen s ikafriwen ».
Manis i d-ikka nuwruz ?
Tnayen n tenfas i daneɣ-ittɛawaden manis i d-ikka nuwruz, tamezwarut d Tafarisit wis tnayen d Takurdit. Maca min icerken igduden-a, nettaf ila lɛid-a iqqen ɣer tfeswin. Ittic ijjen tdewwart d jjdid i tudert n bnadem. Ittic tizemmar, di lweqt-nnes itteffeɣ-d nnewwac, tettili tudert d tazegzawt, teffeɣen-d imudar zeg ixburen-nnsen i di nnuffren di tejrest.
Nuwruz ɣer Ikurdiyen
Tanfust Takurdit teqqar belli igduden Aryen (Ifarisiyen, Ikurdiyen, Ibectunen, Ttajik, Uzbakiyen d Ibluciyen…) ttuɣa ttɛicen deg ijjen wemkan kkin xasen aṭṭas n tempirin ; Iran d ijjen tecwiḥt zi tjyugrafit-nni.
Igduden-nni sufran zi leḥkam n ijjen ujellid qqaren-as « Azedhag niɣ butseḍḥac ». Ttuɣa ineqq iḥudriyen amenni waha, ar mani x-as iɣewweɣ ijjen zeg iḥudriyen umi qqaren « Kixisru » yettwassnen s « Kawa amzil », i ttuɣa yellan d ayyaw n Diyaku, ijjen zeg inni issersen ddsas i tempirt tamidit jar 701-648 zzat i tlalit.
Kawa Amzil ɣer umeggaru yenɣa ajellid, yeffeɣ ɣer wedrar ḥuma ad issekk ijjen uzamul i midden, ttuɣa-t d aceɛɛul n tmessi. Zi lweqt-nni, asruɣi n tmessi ttuɣa-t zi leɛwayed n llilet n nuwruz i yexsen ad yini « ass amaynu di tlelli d trennawt ».
Nuwruz ɣer Ifarisiyen
Ifarisiyen qqaren belli di lɛid-a i terni tfawt x tallest, lxir x lɣir zi luluf n iseggusa. Ttɛawaden x ijjen ujellid d Afarisi qqaren-as « Jemcid Ben Tehmurt » iwwec-as Rebbi tizemmar wer tent-iwci i midden nniḍen. Tḥajit-nnes tegga acnaw tḥajit n Nnbi Suliman. S tnayen idsen ittwassen x-asen tizemmar timeqqranin ameknaw amsawal aked jjnun d tmeslayin nniḍen.
Amek tettɛawad tḥajit belli Jemcid ikk-d tamurt zi ṭṭerf ɣer ṭṭerf, ksin-tt jjnun. X ijjen lektu x-as ljuher d ureɣ. Umi iqqim x lkursi n leḥkam-nnes, ttuɣa-t d ass amezwaru n tfeswin, akid-s ferḥen midden, iɛejb-asen lḥal, ḥuma ad yili ass n 21 Mars d ass i zi sfuggulen midden merra.
Hifet-Sin
Iraniyen ttuɣa lebda ttɣilen belli yimanen n inni i dasen-yudsen ttasen-d ad ten-ẓuren deg ussan imbarkiyen amecnaw Nuwruz. S uya Iraniyen ttuɣa ssujaden missa-nnsen s macca tamiẓiḍt, s tmeslayin n maccat ibeddan s usekkil n « yaS ». Maḥend ad ferḥen yimanen i d-yusin, uca ttsemman-ten s « Hifet sin », kul lḥajet d lmeɛna- nnes.
Missa n hifet sin, dag-s lxell (Sirkeh), ittxes ad yini awal amuzun, bnadem issnen. D tidrin (Sunbulah), tettawi-d tuzzegzawet, ɛawed din ijjen udru (Sikkah), i d-ittawin agla d lxuḍret (Sipzeh) i yexsen ad yini tudert tamaynut d ticcert (Sir), tettawi-d agenfi d tzemmar d ijjen lḥelwa d Tayiranit qqaren-as (Samanu) i d-ittawin lmeɛna n lbaraka, akid-s (Sanjad) i yellan d lxuḍret tegga acnaw aḍil, tattawi-d x tmexsa.
Tzemmer tateffaḥt (Sip) ad teṭṭef amkan i ca n ḥajet zeg yina. Merra iɣemmuyen-a ɣer-sen amkan di tdeyyant n Tzaradict. Minzi tameggurt tetteqqen ixef-nnes aṭṭas ɣer tuzzegzewt.
Aked sebɛa-ya n tmeslayin, srusan adlis uɣris di lwesṭ-nnes, netta d adlis n « Avista » n Zaradict. Ma tiwacunin timeslmin srusant nitenti Lquran deg wemkan n udlis-s.
Qbel i wass n Nuwruz, ittwassen wass-nni s « Jiharcenpah Sur » niɣ larbeɛ azeggaɣ/lɛid n tmessi. Wa igga ameknaw taɛinsart ɣer Imaziɣen, sruɣan timessi neṭṭwen x-as. Tnamit-a tteggen-tt Izradictiyen (Izaydiyen luxa) i yettwaqqaren (Aman, timessi, tafukt d ugama).
Alaḥsab tiɣilin Tizaydyin, ittwasemma wass-a s larbeɛ azeggaɣ minzi am wass-a i di issuḍ Rebbi ddem di arrimet n « Adem », aysum ikemmel, uzzlen idammen di arrimet-nnes. Uca tekker-d tudert x tmurt.
Lellcent ula tinewwacin n benneɛman. S uyenni Izardictiyen tteggen benneɛman di tudrin-nnsen, ttlaɣan-as tanewwact n « Nisan ». Lweqt-nnes ittili jar 20 Mars d 20 Yebrir (niɣ Nisan).
Di tmeddit n 20 Mars, sruɣan timessi, neṭṭwen x-as ḥuma ad msaḍafen aked wenqar ameggaru n tfukt deg useggas-nni. Qqaren ca n wawalen ameknaw « a timessi ksi tewreɣ-inu (ssawalen da x lehlakat), wwec-ayi tezweɣ-nnem (smeɛnan-d x tzemmar n bnadem).
Nuwruz ɣer Iciɛiyen
Limam Jeɛfer inna « Nuwruz d ass-nni min di iwca Rebbi lɛahed i bnadem ḥuma aeggaru-ya ad t-iɛbed, wer zzag-s ikeffar ca. D ass i di tersa tɣarrabut n Nuḥ x wedrar n Judi, d ass i di yerẓa nnbi Brahim lasnam n yeẓra, d ass i di yenjem nnbi Musa iẓwa zzag-sen suf n Nil, d ass i di yedwel Rrasul Muḥemmed d nnbi » D manaya i d-yusin deg udlis n « Udem ameslem n lɛid n nuwruz » n Cukerzadah Brahim.
Amin Meqdisi Abu Lḥasan yeqqar deg udlis-nnes belli Iɛebbasiyen sfugglen s nuwruz maḥend ad jebden igduden-nni ɣer-sen.
ɣer ɛawed :
Taɛanṣart, lɛada d tamaziɣt tettlaɣa dd x ayt d suyt bab ins
Ass n Valentine : Mamec ixezzer ddin ɣer tmexsa ? (1/2)
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