Guy de Maupassant
Henry-René-Albert-Guy de Maupassant
Tameddurt-is (biographie) :
Ilul Henry – René – Albert – Guy DE MAUPASSANT ass n 05 ɣuct 1850 di teɣremt n Miromesnil di Tourville-sur-Arques, ɣer tama n Dieppe, deg Ugafa n Fransa. Imawlan-is msebḍan mi yesɛa 12 n yiseggasen. Yesɛedda temẓi ines taseɛdit d yemma-s deg ugama n La Normandie, anda ixuleḍ at taddart uɣur i d-yessen tameddurt n yifellaḥen d yinsayen nsen.
Yekker-d ger lecḍuḍ d lberr, tesḥer-it tugna n waman. Mi meẓẓi, iteddu d yiṣeggaden ɣer ceṭṭ i tegmert, d ilemẓi inehher taflukt deg wasif n La Seine, yessikil deg Ugrakal.
Mi yekfa almud-is, ssawlen-as, yelsa d aɛsekri di tallit n umgaru ger Fransa d Lalman. Acḥal d tikelt i d-yebder tirmi-s n tallit-a di tullisin-is anda i d-isugen lfetna ; d lɛada taweḥcit, imenɣan ger yiɣerfan d tifrat n tkerkas ur nettwaqbal.
Mi yekfa wemgaru, yexdem deg Weɣlif n tegriwa (la marine), sakkin deg Welmud azayzan (publique) anda yettwali tudert tabiruqratit iɣef iqejjem di lehmum d lɛeqliyyat n yimdanen i yudes di tirawin-is tiseklanin. Ɣas akka, yeqqim d axeddam amedyan ; iquder iman-is, qudren-t yiɣellaten-is.
Segmi d-tufrar tullist-is : Takurt n Tassemt (Boule de Suif), MAUPASSANT yebda tira deg yeɣmisen iɣer t-iwelleh Gustave Flaubert i yas-iseknen iɛewwajen n tsekla, yeḥbes seg uxeddim-is akken ad yidir d imserreḥ aḥrur. Bdan-as wuguren n tezmert. Imagraden i yettaru di tɣamsa, uɣalen-as d asluɣmu d tannant i t-yullen ɣef tira.
Di temrawt 1880-1890, yura setta wungalen : Une Vie deg 1883 ; Bel-Ami deg 1885 ; Mont-Oriol deg 1887 ; Pierre et Jean deg 1887-1888 ; Fort comme la Mort deg 1889 ; Notre cœur deg 1890 akked 305 ger tullisin d tmucuha.
Iweddeb-it waṭan n nnaqsa (névralgie) i yas-isewlellsen allen-is, yerna yesnulfa-yas-d amerɛun, ikemmel-as Syphilis, armi yuɣal yezzer di lweswas, yezga yettwali tamettant-is ; dɣa yeɛreḍ ad ineɣ iman-is weqbel ad t-tekcem tselbi d wekraf armi yemmut ass 06 Yulyu 1893. Yettwamḍel di tenḍelt n Montparnasse s tilin n yimeddukal-is, gar-asen Émile Zola.
Timmadit-is (personnalité) :
MAUPASSANT, isebgen-d tidmi-s ; yebɣa ad yili d ilelli ibeɛden ɣef yikabaren isertanen, ibeɛden ɣef yiɣerbazen iseklanen d yiculen inuẓar (courants artistiques). Ɣas yettunebgat sɣur timetti tunnigt n tallit-is, iḥemmel agama, iḥemmel taywennit (solitude), iɣucc axaleḍ d wuḍan n zzhu n yinesbaɣuren. Yenna deg yiwet si tebṛatin-is :
‘‘Kra n wemdan yebɣan ad yeḥrez iman-is, ama d tilelli n tekti, taɣawsa, tudert, talsa akked umaḍal s tiṭ n umannay ilelli, ilaq-as ad yebɛed maḍi ɣef yenna-tenna. Ad yebɛed ɣef teflas d tesraḍ yettwawṛaten. Ad yebɛed ɣef uxaleḍ d wassaɣen n tmetti, ayen ?
Imi tuccḍa akked leḥmeq, neṭṭḍen amdan s zzerban bla ma ifaq ; ad yaɣ abrid nsen, ad yelḥu deg-s tikli-nsen, ad yettxemmim s ttxamim nsen.’’
Yenneɛtab seg yilem i yas-d-yezzin d wulac n tudert, MAUPASSANT, izdeɣ-it lweswas, hban-t wumran ; d ayen i yas-yekksen asirem n ḥellu. Yenna ɣef waya :
« Ẓriɣ gwriɣ-d iman-iw, sserhaben-iyi wuḍan iɣezfanen n tusaft.’’
Yettuneḥsab ɣur-s uḥulfu n teywennit d lmektub, di tedmi-s ur yumin tella leḥmala ger yemdanen ; wa ur ikeccem deg wul n wayeḍ, amsefhem gar-asen d awezɣi. Ayagi, yettban-d di tirawin-is s tmuɣli n layas alqayan ɣef tudert akked tmetti.
Taẓuri ines(art) :
MAUPASSANT, yeɛǧeb-as aṭas Gustave Flaubert, ababat-is aseklan uɣur yelmed asekfel n tilawt s ttfaṣil, yeskad amaḍal i yaɣ-d-yezzin s tmeẓra-s, _ tucmitin d tucbiḥin _ yesɛa tamuɣli tuzzigt (spécifique) ɣef teẓrilawt (réalisme) akked teẓrigama (naturalisme), d win yettxemmimen s tekdit ɣef ugama ideg yettidir, ideg d-yekker, tid i wumi ur ifaq yiwen weqbel-is. Yella d amdan yettḥussun mačči d win yettḥulfun. Yeqqar :
« Ɣur-i asugen asemmaḍ ilaw. Ḥemmleɣ ayen ẓerreɣ… ur sɛiɣ ara iman aḥulfan.’’
Taẓuri ines, tezdeɣ asugen ilaw n tɣawsa d tekli n wemdan akked tmetti. Ur yeḥbis ara deg usugen n yal amkan i yudef : agama d yinsayen n yimezdaɣ-is, timetti n Lpari d leɛceq ines, lgirra d lfejɛat-is…
Ma d isental-is i d-yettuɣalen s ṭaqqa deg wayen yura, ggten, gar-asen : Tayri d wassaɣen-is, igen d wemgaru, takdit d lexdeɛ, tigullelt d wayla, tamgerḍt d ttaṛ, tagmert d usgunfu, jjiḥ d tlawin, aman d yillel, tamettant d tselbi, atg. Maca, deg waya akk, MAUPASSANT, yemmug am unaẓur ; ur yebɣi ara ad aɣ-d-yesken tugna n tudert, maca ad aɣ-d-ifek tamuɣli-s lqayen yemmden, tin iqerben yettqerriben ɣer tilawt.
I wakken ad yaweḍ iswan-is, MAUPASSANT, iseqdec aɣanib asehlan d uweɛran. Tafyirt-is d tafessast tefses d leqniɛa n tudert n yidgan igellem. Maca, isental-is qqnen s initen d yinsayen n Fransa n tallit-is, ladɣa wid n temnaḍt n La Normandie, tikwal yuɛer, neɣ ahat d awezɣi ad yenfali wemdan ɣef tefses yellan akk di tutlayt-a s tutlayt-niḍen.
Ayen yura[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
1850 : Talalit n Guy De Maupassant di teɣremt Miromesnil ɣer tama n Dieppe.
1860-1862 : Amsefreq n yimawlan n Guy.
1863-1868 : D anelmad di tsuddut n yimrabḍen n tmezgida n Yvetot.
1868 : Guy, yekcem ɣer tesnawit n Rouen. Yemlal d Louis Bouilhet akked Gustave Flaubert.
1869 : Yewwi-d agerdas n baccalauréat di Caen.
1870-1871 : Yella deg yigen.
1872 : Yekcem s Aɣlif n Tegriwa.
1875 : Isuffeɣ-d Afus n Umeslux ‘‘La Main d’écorché’’, d tamacahut.
1878 : Yekcem s Aɣlif n Uselmed Azayzan.
1880 : Yessazreg Takurt n tassemt ‘‘Boule de Suif’’ akked yisefra. Ɣur-s uguren n tezmert, Yessakel ɣer la corse.
1881 : Axxam Tellier ‘‘La maison Tellier’’, d amud-is amezwaru n tullisin. Yessakel ɣer Lezzayer. Yebɣa ad ineɣ iman-is segmi wlellsent wallen-is.
1882 : Tamsiwt Fifi ‘‘Mademoiselle Fifi’’.
1883 : Tameddurt ‘‘Une Vie’’, timucuha n Uɣbub ‘‘Contes de la Bécasse’’. Talalit n mmi-s amenzu.
1884 : Asizreg n Tamsiwt Harriet ‘‘Mademoiselle Harriet’’ ; Tiyessetmatin Rondoli ‘‘Les sœurs Rondoli’’ ; I Yiṭij ‘‘Au Soleil’’, d aɣmis ; Tiziri ‘‘Claire de Lune’’ ; talalit n yelli-s.
1885 : Timucuha n wass akked yiḍ ‘‘Contes du jour et de la nuit’’ ; Bel-Ami. Yessakel daɣen ɣer la Corse.
1886 : Mass Parent ‘‘ Monsieur Parent’’ ; Tasegdalt Tamecṭuḥt ‘‘La Petite Roque’’ ; Mont-Oriol (ungal s yeḥricen). Yessakel ɣer tmurt n Legliz.
1887 : Le Horla ; ungal Pierre et Jean. Talalit n yelli-s tis-snat.
1888 : Amgud n Ujeǧǧig n Massa Husson ‘‘Le Rosier de Madame Husson’’, Ɣef Waman ‘‘Sur l’Eau’’ ; d iɣmisen n usikel.
1889 : Afus azelmaḍ ‘‘La Main gauche’’ ; ungal Tuɛer am tmettant ‘‘Fort comme la Mort’’.
1890 : Ul nneɣ ‘‘Notre cœur’’ ; Tameddurt taglawant ‘‘La Vie errante’’ ; Tafulki tarumɛint ‘‘L’Inutile Beauté’’.
1891 : Yeɣli d amuḍin.
1892 : Yebɣa ad ineɣ iman-is.
1893 : Talwit n twacult ‘‘La paix du ménage’’, d tamezgunt ; Tamettant-is ass n 16 Yulyu.
1945 : Tamezgunt tawdiɛt (posthume) Ɣer yifer n ujeǧǧig, axxam aṭurki ‘‘À la feuille de rose, maison turque’’, yura-tt deg useggas 1875.
Taɣbalut (source):
Aḍris n Ahmed HAMOUM
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