Irifiyen n
Franku: jar tasekla d umezruy
Yura t:
Andich idir
Deg umegrad a war ntic bu ca n taynit d
tameqrant i tasnakudt (chronilogie) n imcumbucen i yegga Franku di tmazirt n
Svbbanya, ura d uswizi n irifiyen day s. Nxes ad nidar cwayt n izlan i tugha
qqaren irifiyen d trifeyin mahend ad nawedv ad nessen tamlilt (rôle) n tasekla
tamazight deg uzemmem d hettvu n tmekttit, s uyenni iqqen ura d neccin ad
nzemmem izlan a itwannan dg ukud nni hima tamekttit tanamurt (la mémoire
nationale) war tweddvar, u war tettviw aked usvemmidv.
Bac ad nssiwel xef wakud n umenghi n Franku
(i zi itwassnen ghar irifiyen) di Svbbanya d uswizi n irifiyen d imerrukiyen day
s, ixesv zeg umezwar ad nedwel cwayt ghar udeffar afad ad nessegzu anaw n
wassagh (pour comprendre la nature de la relation) illan jar arrif d Ibiriyen
Isvbbunya .
Amsawadv i tugha illan jar asen d azayku s
wattvas, war ghar s ibuda ura d iguttuten, itwassenta s usmskel n tsebbabt u
yesyura s imenghan (Mritc, Sidi Waryac, Tittvawin …) .
Aked tlalit n taymberyalit tamedvlant
ssentan Isvebbunya arezzun xef ca n imucan zeg umadval ipebbaj , amec i tugha
traghan i Irubbiyen i yeghrfan n tafriqt d asya… d min i zi itwassnen awrud s
timura n umadval wiss kradv.
U mahned ad ttun tasekna n Kuba (1895)
Isvbbunya xezzarn d ghar yeffus nsen, maca deg yeffus a yemsar asen ujar zi Kuba
s cra n mraw n twaratin, war kkar ad ssarsen inyen nsen (dssas nsen) di arrif ar
mani i zzay sen zvrin muc d ungar, awarni i wattvas n imenghan di arrif,
amezwaru akd wanag (martyr) Muhemmed Amezvyan (1909-1912) d umcubbec n userillt
s adu i tehngart n Mulay Muhend (1921-1926) u ghar uneggaru qao id yussa uswizi
n imerrukiyen imazighen deg umenghi agharim (La guerre civile) n1936-1939.
Deg umezwaru iqqen ad nidar imentilen n
tidet i yejjin irifiyen hima ad bbulsen s bezzez deg userdas n Franku, ttini ict
tghuri tegg it tamssigelt u tamerzzut deg yeyyar n umezruy « Marria Ruza
Madariga » belli tugha din ijjen ubarreh d ameqran di marra tighemmura n arrif,
iqqar, ixes zeg irifiyen ad kkaren ad bedden aked Franku mgal (contre)i
marksiyen d icuoiyen i war itghiren s tilawt n Wakucc, ujar zi manawya tugha
dinni cra ineghmisen sxarrqen, qqaren ira Franku yedwer d amslem, zvrin t iwdan
di Mekka u yexs ad islekk Svebbanya zi tqebbidvt n irumiyyen d imarksiyen, ad tt
yarr d tameslemt, u deg yeyyar a tirar zzawect Taderqawit ict temlilt d taxatart
deg ubarreh yad, amec umi itlaghan dghi amussu anamur (mouvement national) yegga
ixef nes d aderghal war itwili, d adepcur war itseli, minzi di ltva nni iwca
Franku i ‘wmeghnas’ Obdlxaleq Ttvurris tazrfanit i wkabar nes amaynu aodvar
anamur, rexdenn id tseqsa Mariya Ruza Madariga deg udellis nes «imerrukiyen di
tawuri n franku»: (Mara imayar n ifaciyen d tiberkanin, tenni n i naziyen
hdvqent , taynart Tasbanyut d tazerwalt, pi man tt initen (Couleur) i ghar s
ghar inamuren imerrukien ? ).
Di turda ynu idjan d turda ura n Marryia
Ruza imentilen i yejjin tadersi (minority) n irifiyen ad bbulsen deg userdas
asvebbanyu, netta d tzawa i yezvra Arrif jar 1934 d 1935 i di islulen s ijjen n
uzledv irqef aorahar marra rwacunat n arrif. War ntettu ca arpaj i ssuysen
Isvebbunya d Ifransisen aked tawiza n lmexzen xef redcur n arrif, islul d reprac
n uxenzir, imjaren attvas n imezdagh, danita yeqqar ijj n izli d amazigh:
"Jj ayi a yemma, jj ayi ad bbulsegh. Ict
tbuyut ad tettegh, ict n ad am t id sqadvegh".
Maca waxxa amenni ticcemt n irifiyen tugha
ten mgal n webbules nsen deg userdas, s unegmedv awarni i “ wlaghi id yussin deg
ict n tebrat issudver it mass Azerqan aneghlif n ugensu di ltva n tagduda
tarrifit zi Fass i tettar day s zeg irrifiyen mahned war tilin ca aked Franku…
deg ussegwas n 1936 yedwel abbules iqseh raminni war d idwil ura d ijjen zeg
imerdas imezwura ibbulsen”(1) , marra imentilen a jjin isvebbunya ad ggen marra
min ghar sen d tizemmar hima ad sbezzezn abbules xef irifiyen, s uya yuss d
ijjen n uwardi zi tnebdvt tasbaniyut ghar imgharen n tqebbal, tettar zi kuy
taqbilt ad tsbules 500 n umerdas zi tarwa nes s ughir, ar mani i yiwedv uttvun
ghar 65000 amec teqqar “Marriya Ruza Madariga”, ad nidar ijjen sin n izlan
izzuguzen addad n tiklisent (psychologie, absikyluji) n irifiyen marra deg wakud
nni jar 1934 d 1937 i ssawlen xef ubbules n bezzez:
"Uma mermi yuyar, mermi yenya! Uma mermi
yenna: Llap ipennik a yemma” .
D ijjen nnidven imsarwas aked wen id as
yezzaren .
"Rebbi mermi nura, rebbi mermi nezwa! Rebbi
mermi nenna: Llap ipennik a yemma”.
Izlan a ssecanen anegh ijjen n wudem d
amezvyan i webbules n bezzez i yemsaren deg wattvas n iraqqen di arrif. Ad
nawedv ghar ijjen ugmudv d aneggaru: irifiyen war xisen bu ad bbulsen deg
userdas n Franku zeg umezwaru, mayinzi war ttun ca deghya amezruy nsen iccuren s
idammen aked Usvbbanyu, war ttun ca ussan nsen aked Mulay Muhend, arni xaf s
yenni ixsen ad irin aked Usvbbanyu, ntaf d zvledv i ten ioarnen ghar ubbules.
Maci mghir irifiyen i tugah deg userdas
Usvbbanyu danita teqqar Marryia Ruza Madariga belli dinni 9000 n Ubaoemrani (zi
ayt baoemran) iccaten urdvun , aked cra n imerdas zi regnus tidiktaturyin
timeddukal i Svebbunya , zzay sen inaziyen Ilimaniyen, Ifaciyen Itvalyen,
Icuoiyen n Arrusya, timeggura yad tugha trajant zi Svbbanya akidsen tmyawaz deg
imenghi tamdvlant wiss sin (1939-1945) d manawya i war imsaren min y jjin
tadiktaturit n Svebbanya ad teddar ar 1975 itsemma ar raxart n Franku .
Da izlan irrifiyen qqaren:
-"Aliman Aliman, a memmis n tfunasin,
Cek id anegh yejjin nssudum tizeyyatin".
- "Wami id icarref xef dpar n Xarraba
Issugd as Arruxu imun d aked Arrusya".
Raminni iwdven irrifiyen ad swizan deg
imenghan n Isvbbunya ggin ten d ijjen ugeddim n weksum i ghar isreqqan xef
yennidven illan awarni tsen, s uyenni attvas n irifiyen ruhen mmuten u nyzemen u
deg usenti n imenghi yad, deg assegwas n 1936 aorahar war d idvwir ura d ijjen
zzay sen, s uyenni amec nnigh di min yeodvan, tedvwer svbanya ghar ubbules n
irrifiyen s bezzez, irifyen deg ussan ni twaran ict n tmeslayt zzat nsen tiriw d
tebbarken nettat d Raxart, ar mani idvwel usntel (sujet) n raxart d temttant
issu yiman n irrifiyen amec it id yusa deg izlan yad:
- "Byyes a byyas nnem, tegged xaf s
remdvemmett, Neccin nura ad nezvwa, ghar Svebbanya ad nemmet".
D ijjen nneghni:
- "Byyes a byyas nnem, oder as zzeyar
Abulis n Madrar (Madrid ) wellap oemmar s
tezr it"
-"Wami tedvwa tejdvidvt , tedvwa ttveyyara
Teysi irrifiyen tewca zzay sen i ujenna".
- "Agharrabu n urumi di Mritc itraj ayi
Ralla tammurt inu oemmars tzrid ayi" .
Jar ifassen nnegh ijjen izli itic i wen id
as itslan ict tulaft teccur s tasekna, izli yad issawal xef umsafadv n tarwa n
ijjen rwacun:
- "Munend ihenjiren xef ssinyyett
Neccin qa nuyar ghar Svebbanya ad nemmt".
Amec tezrim u tehadvam deg izlan a yecnan i
yesnflel zpir n tegrawt n irrifiyen, asentel n tmettant ghar s tansa nnes di
tiklisent (psychologie, tabsikyulujit) n urrifi s unegmedv awarni i wadaf nsen
deg imenghi uffin ixef nsen d ageddim n uksum, marra teyyit a day sen itekk d
amezwaru, attvas n ineyzam i di iwettvan d ubarru n inagen, min ijjin raxart
tezdegh ixsan nsen u tacan akides mani memma rahen nigh mmutyen di Svebbanya,
kuy ass tghiren t d ameggaru di firu n buhber nsen.
Maca arrifi issenta itxarrves aked yiman
nnes, itseqsa ixef nes (min da teggeh nec?!), ujar zi manawya yuffa itnqtmar xef
ict n tesghart xef ijjen yijjed ( religion) ghar umeggar netta war day sen
itarss walu, rexdenn id itkkwar addad it yejjin ad yili aked imenhas a n
isvebbunya u tessnta tassddect n tarwra zi tmessi nni tasvemmadvt i yejjin aksum
nes d taneghda .
imenghi ya yekka xef wattvas tiferkiwin
(étapes) ad nidar cra zzay sen maca war yedji amec itoawadven imarzzuten d
imssiglen, upu! Ad noawedv zi teghmart amec it itwara umedyaz arrifi:
- Agharrabu n urumi di Mritc itraj ayi
Ralla tammurt inu oemmar s tezrid ayi
- Ghezzu day tegga Svebbanya di Malagha
Rami i day i tiwwi tarwa n oemmi marra.
- Kkin s nnej i wjenna, min d ghedvren d
amettva
Xedvren ghar Tulidvu arnin ghar Malagha.
- Ixedvr d ghar Xuzirat yufa murvu yarsa
Yarhem Arebbi yemmas ten das ggin lehla.
Deg ugensu n umccumbc d imenghan, atarras
yedwel ifetteh deg yilen n idvammen n ineyzam isghuyyun s tiqest n iwzwizen, jar
luluf n yenni itmettan kuy ass, ca nedvren t mani ghad yewdva, tadersi zynfan
ixsan nsen di tmurt mani i d lulen, maca yenni iked ybedd zpar, jar idvennadv
arrifi tughat d ahhuri xef tmurt nnes d wass a aqatt d ismegh jar ifassen n
Franku, jar idvannadv d wass a jar min izriyen d yidv a qqimen cra n izlan
toawaden i warraw amaynu min yekkin xef irrifiyen di tmessi n Ibirya:
- Rburqi n zzaj di Svebbanya ipeddem
Min iwi d arumi, min iwi d amsrem.
- Xeccen ghar tmurt, ghar timessi targha
Aksum nsen yedwer d taneghda.
- Dinni iqdvan ifutixen n sbotac asna
Ticcuccay nsen d rferfer immwa.
Imenghan a slulend abarru n ineyzam d
imeodvar d cigan irahen ddaren dwren d aked usemmidv d tnifest, zeg yenni
immuten wen iked ibedd zpar qa xef rmehmer itwaksi d ad zedghen ixsan nnes,
tamurt d ucal nnes.
- Ttvumubil tazegwaght id yeksin imeodvar
Teysi d Loebbudi, d Oumar ikes as udvar.
- Hedd yekes as ufuss, hedd yeks as udvar
Svebbanya tireft tejja anegh d imeodvar (2).
Zeg ussegwass ameggar n umcumbec ar dghi (
ar djuxa) tezri cra n 70 issegussa, imccarcuten day s twattun ra zi tanbadvt
tasvebbanyut ra zi tanbadvt tamerrukit, itoini nitni tugha ccaten urdun sbnghar
ma ad ssnen belli qa ssgaoden deg ijjen udiktatur icca aydud nes anict i yecca
aksum nsen , iswa tidi n waydud nes anict iswa tidi nsen , s uyenni marra
iggagen ura d isertanen trakkwaren ad xaf sen ssiwlen, war ten tidraen axminni
oemmar s war swizan deg imenghiten a .
maci am Imrrukyen n umenghi umadval wiss sin
asl ma ad ssnen ura nitni ssigwjen ifacyen d inazyen iodawen n tudert d tefganit
s nnej i yexsan nsen , da ntaf (mgal i waddad izryen ) attvas n imussnawien
tettaren zi tenbadvin nsen ad as naren taynit u ad asen arnin di tmnyat , jar
sin n iddaden a n Imerrukiyen itghima amerruki amazigh d netta iccin aomud
attvas. Maca mahned ad yili ijjen umuzzu (tolerance) jar irifiyen d isvbunya
ixesv ad dwlen ghar tamekttit i ten icarcen , ad odren min ixesven ad itwaoder ,
hima ad nbna ijjen imal iccur s tidukla .
ar danita niwedv ad nssen u ad nssij xef
tamlilt n izlan d wazzvri nsen , izlan innan inuba nnegh wcin anegh d ict tulaft
tiriw xef waddad nsen , d mammec i tugha tacan? d min imsaren nican , maca ixesv
ad tili ict twiza zi marra imeghnas imazighen it arran taynit i ddab a n tsekla
tatlayt ad smunen tizemmar nsen hima ad nyru min war itwazemmemen oad, bac ad
nehdva tamekttit nnegh zi tmettant, hima war ntghimi am tbaghra nni ixsen ad tgg
ticri n ttawes tuffu d rid d ticri nes rid d ticri n ttawes .
Tizmilin:
1) Tawiza, uttvun wis 117.
2) Izlan nni twaksind zeg udellis n izran, i
tegga Mayssa Racida Lmerraqi.
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