Taseɣrut n Ahmed Boukhari, agensas n Terni n Polisario deg Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, deg Usarag ɣef Tukksa n Ussehres ay d-yellan deg Managua (Nicaragua)
Ahmed Boukhari, d amaslaḍ seg Tmarit (secretariat) taɣelnawt n Terni n POLISARIO yernu d agensas (représentant) n POLISARIO deg Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen deg New York, iga-d inaw deg Usarag n Tukksa n Ussehres ay d-yellan deg Managua, Nicaragua, gar 31 Mayu d 2 Yunyu 2016. D wa ay d aḍris ummid n yinaw-nnes.
Mass Aselway, inesmugal ɛzizen ed yemttekkiyen deg usarag,
Ad bduɣ awal-inu s wesnemmer n unabaḍ ɛzizen n Tegduda n Nicaragua ɣef lxir d wemɛawen ay la yettemɛawan ed Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen i lmend n tukksa n ussehres (decolonisation), yernu d aya ay t-yeǧǧan ad yemmager asarag-a i tikkelt tis snat deg Managua, tamurt n Sandino.
Bɣiɣ daɣ ad faṛseɣ tagnit-a akken ad henniɣ anmahal (ambassadeur) n Tegduda Tabulivaṛit n Venezuela, Mass Rafael Ramirez, imi ay yettwafren d aselway n Useqqamu Uzzig (spécial) n 24. Netthenni daɣ Tanarit ad as-d-ibedden i lmendad deg uxeddim-nnes akken ad yesseddu ɣer sdat iswan ay iwekkel wemɣiwan agraɣlan i Useqqamu n 24.
Mass aselway,
I lmend n tegnit-a, ed wakk tignatin yezrin, tamagla (délégation) n Terni n POLISARIO, s yisem-nnes d tagensast tuzrift (légitime) n weɣref n Uneẓruf Utrim, s yisem n yimenɣi-nnes ɣezzifen i weslelli aɣelnaw d tissuḍeft tagraɣlant deg ukatar n tneɣtust 34/37 (1979) n Useqqamu Amatu d tneɣtusin ay d-iḍefren, tettekkay deg usarag-a akken ad txebber Aseqqamu Uzzig ɣef tegnit yerzan Aneẓruf Utrim. Nebɣa daɣ ad d-nessiweḍ tabṛat ɣef laman ay nga deg Useqqamu deg wayen yerzan dduṛ-nnes ay yessefk ad ikemmel ad t-yurar akken ad nessiweḍ ɣer tukksa n tidet n ussehres seg Uneẓruf Utrim yellan d akal aneggaru, deg Tefriqt, ur yesɛin tafulmant deg wahil n Useqqamu Uzzig.
Akken neẓra, a Mass aselway, nella d tahrest (colonie) taspenyulit seg 1884 ɣer 1975, yernu yella-d waya s ubeḍḍu-nni ahersan ay d-yettwaheyyan deg Usarag n Berlin n 1885 anda tinezmarin tuṛufiyin bḍant amenẓaw-nneɣ (continent) akken ay gant i Temrikt Talatinit deg yiwen n wemtawa ay yettwastenyan deg Tordesillas 4 n leqrun uqbel. Iɣerfan n sin-a n yimenẓawen ssawḍen, deffir yiwen n yimenɣi ɣezzifen, akken ad ɣeḍlen azaglu ahersan, yernu mɛawanen i uheyyi n tneɣtust tis 1514 n Dujembeṛ n 1960 ay yuɣalen tesɛa azal n Magna Carta n Tukksa n Ussehres, yernu d taneɣtust-a ay d-yeslulen Aseqqamu-a.
Aɣref aṣeḥrawi ur yelli yernu ur yezmir ad yili d tasureft (exception) i tukksa n ussehres, dɣa s waya ay yebda imenɣi-nnes uzrif (légitime) akken ad yaweḍ ɣer uzarug aɣelnaw. Naqal yebda imenɣi s yebriden imelwiyen, sakkin, seg 1973, ikemmel imenɣi s webrid awḥid ay as-d-yeqqimen, imenɣi imselleḥ ddaw ṛṛay n Terni n POLISARIO. Nessarem adabu ahersan ed udeblan aspenyuli, yeḍḍfen Aneẓruf Utrim, ad yeg lwajeb-nnes deg wayen yerzan tukksa n ussehres akken ay yenwa ad yeg aya s nneyya-nnes. Lwajeb-a yettwassefra-d deg wacḥal n tneɣtusin n Useqqamu Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, am waken ay d-yettwassefra deg ṛṛay ay d-yessuffeɣ Wexxam n Ccṛeɛ Agraɣlan n 16 Tubeṛ 1975 ed uṛabul n tuɣdaḍt tanerzaft ay yuzen Useqqamuè-a ɣer Uneẓruf Utrim deg Mayu n 1975.
D acu kan, Spenyul ur tgi lwajeb-nnes. Deg wemkan n waya, tefka tamurt-nneɣ d weɣref-nneɣ i snat n tmura tinaragin (voisins), Meṛṛuk ed Muriṭanya, ay d-iẓedmen, bḍan yernu ḍḍfen tamurt-nneɣ deg ukatar n wayen umi semman Imtawayen (accords) n Madrid n 14 Wember 1975. Maca, deg tebṛat-nnes n 26 Fuṛaṛ 1975 i umaru amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, yenna-d unabaḍ aspenyuli dakken yettwali “tukksa n ussehres seg Uneẓruf Utrim ur tettili teṣleḥ arma yessenfali-d weɣref aṣeḥrawi lebɣi-nnes i lmend n waya s webrid iṣelḥen”.
Stenyant snat-nni n tmura ay d-iẓedmen, 3 n yiseggasen sakkin, beṛṛa i Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen yernu deffir weɛrur n weɣref aṣeḥrawi, yiwen n wemtawa (accord) uffir deg Yunyu n 1972 akken ad bḍunt akal aṣeḥrawi, akken ay d-yekcef uselway amuriṭani aqbur, Mokhtar Ould Daddah, deg yiwen n wedlis ay d-yeffɣen seg melmi kan, “La Mauritanie contre vents et marées" (Muriṭanya mgal waḍu ed yigefran). Tuǧǧit ay teǧǧa Spenyul tamurt-a d weẓdam ucrik n Muriṭanya ed Meṛṛuk snekren-d amgaru (guerre) d aqesḥan mgal weɣref ur yesɛin leslaḥ yernu yedhec s tedyanin ay la d-iḍerrun ɣef yiɣef-nnes deg wakud aydeg Iɣlanen Yeddukklen ur gin acemma izaden. D acu kan, aɛewwel n weɣref aṣeḥrawi ed temsetlelt n umenẓaw-nneɣ afriqi ed waṭas n tmura niḍen, ladɣa deg Temrikt Talatinit d Kaṛayib, d ayen yesxeṣren iɣawasen n snat-a n tmura ay d-iẓedmen. Muriṭanya tejbed iman-nnes seg wemgaru s yisem n wemtawa n talwit ay testenya ed Terni n POLISARIO deg Ɣuct n 1979, sakkin testeɛṛef, deg Fuṛaṛ n 1984 yernu s webrid unṣib, s Tegduda Taɛṛabt Taṣeḥrawit Tamegdayt yuɣalen, ass-a, d tamaslaḍt tummidt deg Tdukli Tafriqit.
Deffir 16 n yiseggasen n wemgaru (guerre) aydeg uzzlen aṭas n yidammen, testeɛṛef Meṛṛuk s tilawt ed tebṛat ibanen n wemɣiwan (communauté) agraɣlan ay d-yeddan deg tneɣtust 34/37 n Useqqamu Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ed tneɣtust 104 (XIX) n Tqacuct Tis 19 n Tuddsa n Tdukli Tafriqit. Teqbel aɣawas n talwit ay d-heyyan Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen s wemɛawen d Tuddsa n Tdukli Tafriqit (yuɣalen ass-a d Tadukli Tafriqit), d aɣawas yebnan ɣef westeɛṛef s wezref n weɣref aṣeḥrawi ad yefren, s tlelli, azekka-nnes s tsefrant i ugguccelman. Aseqqamu n Tɣellist n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen yeqbel aɣawas-nni s tneɣtusin-nnes 658 (1990) d 680 (1991), am waken ay d-yessebded tuɣdaḍt n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, MINURSO, ay yesɛan lewṣaya ibanen akken ad tessuddes tasefrant n ugguccelman akken ad yefren weɣref n Uneẓruf Utrim gar uzarug neɣ annummed deg tmurt ay as-yeḍḍfen akal-nnes, akken ay d-yettwabder deg tneɣtust 34/37 n Useqqamu Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen.
S waya, ilul-d ussirem n talwit deg tehrest (colonie) tafriqit taneggarut akk yellan deg wahil n Useqqamu-a. Tasefrant (référendum) yella yessefk ad d-tili 6 n wayyuren deffir ussefɛel n weḥbas n yimenɣi gar yidisan yellan ttnaɣen gar-asen, d aḥbas n yimenɣi ay d-yellan ass n 6 Ctembeṛ 1991.
Tasefrant werɛad ur d-telli. Maɣef? Tiririt fessuset. Meṛṛuk, tamurt yeḍḍfen akal aṣeḥrawi, tenkeṛ akk lɛuhud-nnes ay tga asmi ay teqbel aɣawas (plan) n talwit, yernu tga aya deg wakud aydeg Iɣlanen Yeddukklen gan yiwen n ccɣel ɣlayen, d win n unadi ɣef wakk wid ay yesɛan azref ad deɣren (voter). Deg tebṛat ay yettwaznen i umaru amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen deg Yebrir n 2004, tenna-d Meṛṛuk dakken tesseɣret-d – seg yidis-nnes - tanaya-nnes ɣef Uneẓruf Utrim, yernu tettwali dakken, ɣef wakken ay d-tenna deg wawal-nnes, “tasefrant aydeg ad d-yeddu wefran n uzarug d ayen ad yessidfen ccek deg tnaya n Meṛṛuk ɣef Uneẓruf” (ifuk wawal-nnes).
Iban dakken afakul-a (argument) ur yejhid, acku, akken ay d-iḥettet umaru amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen n yimir-nni, Kofi Annan, deg uṛabul-nnes n Tubeṛ n 2004, deg wawal-nnes: “Meṛṛuk teqbel yagi afran n uzarug [indépendance]” (ifuk wawal-nnes) deg tsefrant ay tella tetteddu ad tt-teg MINURSO.
Seg wasmi ay tuɣal Meṛṛuk deg wawal-nnes, tebda txeddem s uɛewwel akken ad teswaɣ ussisen (efforts) n tukksa n ussehres ay la ttgen Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. S waya, akk ussisen ay iga wemɣiwan agraɣlan ed yebdammasen (médiateurs), ula d imeqranen seg-sen am James Baker ed wid ay t-id-iḍefren (yernu llan xedmen ddaw tneɣtusin n Useqqamu n Tɣellist) mlalen-d iɛewwiqen iquranen n udabu yeḍḍfen akal aṣeḥrawi, yernu ikemmel udabu-a iḥeṛṛes-aɣ akken ad nefren tifrat n diri akk ay izemren ad tili.
Ayen ay d-yesskanayen aya nezmer ad t-naf deg yinaw (discours) n ugellid n Meṛṛuk i weɣlan-nnes deg 6 Wember 2015, i lmend n umulli wis 40 n weẓdam-nsen ɣef Uneẓruf Utrim, mi d-yenna deg wawal-nnes: “Aneẓruf ad yeqqim deg Meṛṛuk yernu Meṛṛuk ad teqqim deg Uneẓruf arma d asmi ad ifak zzman” (ifuk wawal-nnes).
D ayen ibanen dakken, zik, llant tmura ijehden ugar ay d-yennan awal icuban aya ɣef tehras-nsen (colonies). Fṛansa tenna-t-id ɣef Ldzayer. Puṛtugal tenna-t-id ɣef Angula ed Muzambik. Spenyul tenna-t-id ɣef Ginya Tasebgast ed Uneẓruf Utrim. Ti d cchadat yeddan mgal tmeẓla (logique) n umezruy. Yernu ass-a, deg lqern wis 21, awal am wa yella-d d acqirrew ilem –ayɣef nesḥissif- i wemɣiwan agraɣlan ed yimenzayen ed tneɣtusin n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ay yettwalin dakken amenzay n ugguccelman n yiɣerfan yellan ddaw ussehres neɣ tuḍḍfa tawerdanit d ayen ayɣef ur yelli wemciweṛ. D tidet daɣ, yernu nesḥissif ɣef waya, dakken Aseqqamu n Tɣellist, ḍḍamen n tummda n Uɣawas n Talwit n 1991, ay yefkan i tuɣdaḍt n MINURSO ssebba-nnes akken ad tili, mazal-it la irewwel ɣef tmasit-nnes ddaw Uɣawas n Talwit d Werkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, ula ma tidyanin ay d-yeḍran seg melmi kan sskanayent-d dakken tezmer ad taweḍ tegnit ɣer wanda ur d-tettuɣal.
Llan, deg tzeɣɣa-a, aṭas n yimaslaḍen (membres) yezgan ed wid ur yezgin deg Useqqamu. Nwala, ɣer yidis n umenẓaw (continent) afriqi ed wakk amɣiwan agraɣlan, ussisen imeqranen ay gan kra n yimaslaḍen n Useqqamu akken ur aɣ-ttaǧǧan ad naweḍ ɣer tenqiḍt aydeg ulac uɣal. Banen-d wussisen-a s wedɣar-nsen ed ussefhem n wedɣar-nsen ɣef tneɣtust tis 2285 n Useqqamu n Tɣellist ay iɛeddan seg melmi kan. Nesnemmir-iten ɣef waya.
Akken neẓra, a Mass aselway, deg wayyur n Meɣres yezrin, ur teǧǧi Meṛṛuk amaru amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ad yerzu ɣef Leɛyun anda ay tella tesɣimt (siège) n tuɣdaḍt n MINURSO. D acu kan, ikemmel Ban Ki-moon isurifen niḍen n terzi-nnes ɣef temnaḍt. Iwala s tiṭṭawin-nnes tagnit aydeg yella weɣref aṣeḥrawi ama deg yegriren n yezrazaɣen (réfugiés), ama deg temnaḍin yettwaslellin, am waken ay d-yenna s lejheṛ dakken iḥuza-t mliḥ wayen ay iwala.
Ta d tagnit n yiwen n weɣref ay d-yettwaẓẓɛen seg temdint-nnes s lelsaḥ n tredsa (armée) n tuḍḍfa, yettwaḥettem ad yedder deg tegnit iweɛṛen deg wakud aydeg tiɣbula (ressources) n tmurt-nnes la ttwakarent, ma d imezdaɣen yeqqimen deg yikalen yettwaḍḍfen, mazal-iten ddren ddaw wemḥaq aqesḥan n temsulta, akken ay d-kecfen Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ed tuddsiwin n yizerfan n wemdan s ttbut. Tagnit-a adennit ad tḥaz tafrit n yal anabaḍ amegday iḥemmlen talwit.Mi yerza umaru amatu ɣef temnaḍt, yesseqdec awal n tuḍḍfa akken ad d-yebder tagnit aydeg yella weɣref aṣeṛhawi. Aya ur yessewham. Agraw Amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen yettwali, deg tneɣtusin-nnes (resolutions) 34/37 ed 35/19, dakken tagnit n Uneẓruf Utrim d tin n “tuḍḍfa taserdasant”. Nnig waya, grent-d snat-a n tneɣtusin tiɣri i Meṛṛuk akken (deg wawal-nsent) “ad tfak tuḍḍfa n Uneẓruf Utrim” (ifuk wawal-nsent). Aya d ayen yellan. Ti d tineɣtusin n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. Aya ur yelli d asnulfu. “Tuḍḍfa” maci d immekti (concept) amaynu, maca Meṛṛuk tesseqdec aya akken ad d-tebdu taḥemla n ucemmet mgal umaru amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, yernu ad d-taf ssebba ad tessedrem ayen ay d-yeqqimen seg ukala asertan akken “ad teqqim Meṛṛuk deg Uneẓruf arma d asmi ad ifak zzman”. Awal-a n “arma d asmi ad ifak zzman” ur d taɣemsa ay tt-id-yesnulfan. Wi d awalen ay d-yeffɣen seg yimi n ugellid n Meṛṛuk s timmad-nnes.
Ayen yugaren aya netta dakken dduṛt kan deffir tḥemla-nni ay d-yellan mgal umaru amatu, ttwaẓẓɛen yixeddamen iɣarimen (civils) ed yisertanen n tuɣdaḍt n MINURSO deg wass n 14 Meɣres, seg wakal n Uneẓruf Utrim ur yesɛin tafulmant. Deffir ma teccmet Meṛṛuk amaru amatu, yernu tenna-d dakken anmahal (ambassadeur) Ross d amdan wukud ur tebɣi ad texdem, tefren Meṛṛuk ad tecqirrew Aseqqamu n Tɣellist. Deg tneɣtust-nnes 2258 (2016), yefka Useqqamu tallit n 90 n wussan i yixeddamen n MINURSO akken ad uɣalen ɣer Uneẓruf Utrim. Maca Meṛṛuk mazal-itt tugi, ar imir-a, akken ad uɣalen yixeddamen-a, yernu mazal tefka s weɛrur i wayen yebɣa Useqqamu.
S tezwel, d ti ay d tiɣawsiwin yellan deg wenrar, a Mass aselway. D ti ay d tiɣawsiwin yellan deg tidet, ur llint d asnulfu wala d aferriɣ. Tellam d inagan n waya akk. Ayen ay d-nniɣ sseddaɣ-d yid-s ttbut.
Ssuref-iyi ad d-iniɣ, deg tgara, dakken yezmer lḥal aql-aɣ deg tegnit aydeg ur yessaweḍ wemɣiwan agraɣlan – ladɣa Aseqqamu n Tɣellist – akken ad yeg ccɣel-nnes, yernu ur yessaweḍ ad iḥudd akala (processus) n tukksa n ussehres seg tehrest tafruqut taneggarut akk yellan deg wahil n Useqqamu-a. Lemmer ad yefren Useqqamu n Tɣellist ad yesseqdec tasertit n Pontius Pilatus, yessefk Aseqqamu Amatu ed Useqqamu-a, s lxuṣuṣ, ad kemmlen tamasit-nsen deg wayen yerzan tukksa n ussehres.
Nnig waya, yessefk ad nẓer mliḥ d acu ay izemren ad d-yekk lemmer ad yexṣer ukala asertan deg temnaḍt yellan deg tegnit n tɣellist n diri. Lemmer ad yedrem ukala asertan aydeg yeḍmeɛ aṭas weɣref aṣeḥrawi, ala abrid n wemgaru (guerre) ay d-yeqqimen, yernu ad d-naf iman-nneɣ nuɣal ɣer tenqiḍt tamezwarut n 1975. S waya, tezmer ad tuɣal tegnit ɣer yimenɣi ireẓmen, aɛeḍḍel deg wenḍerri n weɣref ilemri (innocent) ed tmerniwt n ccwal deg temnaḍt-a ay yenḍerren yagi seg wuguren yellan deg temnaḍtn n Ssaḥel.
Tirni n POLISARIO ur tebɣi uɣal ɣer yimenɣi imselleḥ. Neẓra, seg ttejṛiba-nneɣ ed tin n yiɣerfan niḍen, dakken amgaru d netta ay d afran n diri akk i uferru n tlufa, ladɣa mi ad tili taluft-nni tezmer ad tettwefru s yebriden uɣrimen (civilisés) n lemcawṛat yeṣfan yeddan ed yimenzayen ed tneɣtusin n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen yeqqnen ɣer tukksa n ussehres. Tettwali Terni n POLISARIO dakken mazal tella tlemmiẓt akken ad ssuggten Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen ussisen i ussukkes n temnaḍt-a seg yimenɣi. D acu kan, lemmer ad yuɣal yimenɣi d tifrat ayɣef ur telli trewla imi wid ay izemren ad gen kra fernen ur ttgen acemma, deg tegnit-a, ad neg lwajeb-nneɣ yernu ad nennaɣ ɣef wezref n weɣref-nneɣ i uzarug.
I lmend n waya, nger-d tiɣri i Useqqamu Uzzig ass-a ugar ussan niḍen, akken ad yeddem tamasit-nnes. Ur tessefk tsusmi ɣef wanect-a. Aql-aɣ gar yebriden yernu yal ad naɣ abrid n talwit ad idumen s lemcawṛat ddaw leɛnaya n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen, ya ad naɣ abrid umi ur tban tuffɣa.
Deg tmuɣli-nneɣ, Aseqqamu yennulfa-d akken ad d-yelhu s tukksa n ussehres. S waya, ur yessefk ad yagad Useqqamu seg tuggziwin (menaces), ama d tid ibanen neɣ d tid yeffren, am waken ur yessefk ad t-tessekref tiddit n wid ay yebɣan ad ssuggten lḥess akken ad sneflen Aseqqamu-a seg tmasit-nnes tahaggart (noble), tin ay yeddem i uferru n taluft n tehrest tafriqit taneggarut akk yellan deg wahil-nnes.
Deg wayen yerzan taluft n Uneẓruf Utrim s timmad-nnes, addud d win ibanen. Ta d tamsalt n tukksa n ussehres ay yessefken ad tettwefru s ussefɛel n umenzay n ugguccelman akken ay t-id-tessefra tneɣtust 1514 (XIX) ay d-yeslulen yernu tella d ṛṛuḥ n Uɣawas n Uferru ay yessawḍen ɣer wefraq n tuɣdaḍt n MINURSO. Addud-a yessefk ad yeqqim yernu ad d-yettwawekked.
Nnig waya, yuzen Useqqamu tuɣdaḍt ɣer Uneẓruf Utrim deg Mayu n 1975. Yella-d waya ugar n 40 n yiseggasen aya. S waya, yewɛeṛ ad nefhem maɣef ur iɛawed yuzen Useqqamu tuɣdaḍt niḍen ar ass-a, am wakken ay yewɛeṛ ugar ad nefhem maɣef iṛabulen ed lekwaɣeḍ-nnes n uxeddim ɣef Uneẓruf Utrim ttwagamen-d seg yiṛabulen yegzulen (résumés) irusriden, isemmaḍen ay d-yettwagmen seg yiṛabulen ay yettakf umaru amatu i Useqqamu n Tɣellist. S waya, d akud, a Mass aselway ed yimaslaḍen ɛzizen n Useqqamu, akken ad nfak tizzelgi-a. D akud ad nuɣal ɣer Uneẓruf Utrim yernu ad d-neḥku ḥekku usrid ɣef tɣawsiwin yeqqnen ɣer taluft-a.
Deg tgara, Tirni n POLISARIO tessutur seg Useqqamu ad d-yeg timlilit tuzzigt (spéciale) ɣef Uneẓruf Utrim.
Tanemmirt-nwen s tussda.
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