Deffer n ljerrat n Belqasem Ben Sdira
Ilul di Beskert, aseggas n 1845. Yemmut u yetwandel di Dzayer-tamaneɣt aseggas n 1901. Seg imezwura ay yetwelhen s uselmed n tutlayin tidzayriyyin, tutlayin tidzayriyyin jemla bla yamgared yeqnen ɣer tmetti nniɣ temsal n wezref. Netta daɣ amurzaw adzayri amezwaru ay yebdan tizrawin n tesnilest ɣef tmaziɣt di lqern XIX. Seg unaggaru, yezmer ad yili amusnaw adzayri amezwaru di tallit tatrart.
Argaz-aya aɣef nettutlay ay yekren di teslit n Zziban ur yuc, wern n lqern seg ay yiɛedda, yeqqim d zamul n yedlisen ay yemra, ay yeǧǧa i lebda. Tizrawin ay yisawa ɣef tutlayin tidzayriyyin awalya ddarja d tmaziɣt, yeǧǧa yudan beḥren. Deg imer sima tutlayin-a twattunt, ur sent-sekkentca azal yuman, kkes ald luhi n lqern XXI a bdant tragent qli ɣer tfawett.
Asteɛref n tmaziɣt di tmendawt d uḥebber a tebda tettessen, ussan-aya tineggura, ddarja yellan wern-as asiwel n imusnawen n tesnilest –am Ɛabdu Limam- d labas n imḥadiyyen bacana ad sgeɛmren tutlayt-aya u ad tt-ssidfen deg unnar n usegmi, yyay ukk d cerrat belli Ben Sdira yella d bab n tneẓrit d tmusni ay yeǧǧa d agemmun n tiktiwin i matta ha ad yedder wegdud-nnes deg a d-yegguren.
Tilawt teflala, welli ca n wa t-iɣummen. Axeddim, ussan imezwura, s mayes yetwandeh yebda s tmuxsi n tedbelt tafransist di tallit din. Daɣenni yict ur izemmer ad yeffer iswi aḥeqqani wern n uḥadi d usili n augerruj ay yesɛa yiles d yedles. Ubelḥeqq ixeddimen-aya d tezrawin sawwaḍent kan, mamek a ttaqqalen nehni, ad ɛinen amhares afransawi mamek ad yessiɣ aherrar id n ayet bab n tmurt bac ad yeẓẓel fell-asen fus ugar.
Aked ma tella temsalt, yuma ad d-nelmeḥ nezzeh belli Ben Sdira yexḍa d azen. Ur yezmir ad yessuref imer nniɣ ad ineggez tineḍruyin n umezruy ay yedder. D ttay d sebbet fell-as ur yetqawa wa yellan di telwit ad iḥaseb wa ay yellan ur yemnad ca aked matta ha as-yeḍran al dat. Waya ukk ur aɣen yessettaw ca agel ay yeǧǧa i yisurta n wass-a, d tarselt ɣef matta ay yiqaɛed aseqdec n tesnilest di tutlayin tiɣerfanin tidzayriyyin.
Beṣṣeḥ mand d wa Belkacem Ben Sdira ? Mand d wa amusnaw-aya d uweggag n tezrawin n tesnilest di Dzayer ? Mamek ay yessiwweḍ, seg a ay yella wedzayri yessen kkes almad n Leqran di telwiḥin bacana ad yeqra u ad yerẓ isergal n tɣunza, yessegta deg ulmad deg ammas n yiɣerbazen d tiqemqumin am uɣerbaz amaynu n Versailles (1860-1863) ? Mamek ifaz, netta argaz mmi-s n teɣzut, u ad iɣaṣ di tusna n temetti, tasnilest tamaziɣt d tsekla taɛrabt ?
Day lhul n iseqsiyyen ila ad fawen. Ɣef way, yuma fell-aneɣ ad netna di tmeddurt-nnes ɣer werni, al tallit n temẓi-nnes. Iswi ad nekkes aɣebbar ɣef matta t-yeǧǧin yeḥrec deg uɣerbaz d matta t-iɛinen deg usikel-nnes si Beskert al Pari sdat n wa ad d-iwella ɣer tmurt u ad yezdeɣ di Dzayer-tamanaɣt ani yetna d aselmad deg uɣerbaz amaynu ald iɛedda di 1901. Amma, yezmer ad nnezli i umezruy n wergaz-aya bla yasegti n wawal ur qeṭṭun aked n tɣawsa.
Belkacem Ben Sdira ilul deg imer yettuqqet di-s zzhir. Ilul aseggas wenr n wa deg ani yudef-d umhares, ɣef yexf-nnes duk d’Aumale ass 4 deg waggur n meɣres 1844, di temdint n Beskert mani yetedder. Neẓra matta ay yetnekkaren deg ul n bunadem ma iẓerr lbaṭel ay yeteffi umhares ɣef imukan yessiẓẓel lḥif yeggamen ɣef imezdaɣ. Tinukriwin ay yeḍran imer din deg uɣir n Beskert am tin di Zɛaṭca deg useggas 1848, nniɣ tnukri n Si Ṣadeq Belḥaj di 1858 deg idurar n Ḥmer Xeddu, d tɣawsa yexḍan drus. Nezmer ad d-nini Belkasem Ben Sdira yetwaqqed, di temẓi berk, ay yeḍran ukk iḥḍer-as. Tnukriwin-aya d tanza d-yesseflalayen belli tamnaṭṭ-aya ur temniɛ si umhares afransis, labas ay yeɣlin di-s d imeɣraṣen, ssi-sen yya n Licana, timsunin, Taseryant, aked labas n idewwura n Zziban.
Way ukk yeḥjem deg alli n ulemẓi Ben Sdira di tallit idin. Aɣref ur yumir s isergal, ur yekni sdat n lmenker ay yessers umhares, yerẓem-as tiṭṭawin i waggag n Tbeskert. Umgared ameqran yellan jar n wallalen n lgirra d tusna d sebbet n ssibt n weɣref. Matta ad isawa lfuci d ukerṭuc sdat n lemdafeɛ d wa sdendunen ? Din ay yegza ulemẓi Ben Sdira ilaq ad yeldi iɣuraf n tusna ad yermeg mani a xelden lejnas u ad yali d asawen u yes-s ad yeggenf seg ayen t-yeṣṣaḍnen jemla.
Amma ay yebda leqrayt. Qli s qli ald yessiwweḍ yesselqef-d taggazt s mayes ha ad ikemmel leqrayt deg uɣerbaz amaynu n Versailles. Aseggas n 1866, sima yesɛa 21 n iseggasen deg ila-nnes, yetna d aselmad deg uɣerbaz amaynu n Dzayer-Tamanaɣt. Amma amek d-yessegmi ayet bab n wallen idzayriyen imezwira yella ssi-sen amusnaw ameɣnas Saɛid Bulifa.
Sneg n leqdic-nnes n uselmed, yessezreg-d azal n temrawt n tektabin yettutlayen ɣef tameslayt taɛrabt, taseklant d ddarja yetwatlayen deg ubrid. Sidin yerni yessezreg-d adlis yetwasnen nezzeh ɣef tamaziɣt deg useggas n 1887. Matta yemrun deg adlis-aya, yeǧǧa imusnawen imiranen deg ay yeqnen ɣer tira n yedlisen iqburen ad d-inin, amyaru n wedlis-a seg yyin ay yucin afud i werzaw deg unnar n tmaziɣt, sdat ukk n wa d-yejbed fell-as amusnaw afrasis René Basset.
D tidet, matta yemra umatu Hanoteau, deg useggas 1875, yezwer tira a d-yernan fell-as, n Belqasem Ben Sdira, tirawin timezwura ay yellan ɣef tjeṛṛumt tamaziɣt. Maca adlis ay yemru Ben Sdira, a terfed 600 n yisebtar d amerkanṭi s tiktiwin yellan di-s, deg ayen i d-yetwasezrgen n tezrawin ɣef tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Aseqsi ay yilaqen ad t-d-nini imir-a : mamek argaz-aya yettutlayen s teɛrabt, yegmin di tlemmast n tmetti taɛrabt, yetwelleh i tmaziɣt ? Ma yessen ca tmaziɣt luq din, isa yendeh s ṛṛay ad yemru fell-as ? Welli ca n wa ay yizemren d-yuɛa ɣef iseqsiyyen ; mamek yelmed tmaziɣt, mamek yesɛedda tmudri id n tawacult-nnes nniɣ mani yeqra di temẓi-nnes. D wa ay yesɛermen lqil welqal di matta yemrun ukk ɣef tmudri, ɣef laṣel n terfiqt n Belqasem Ben Sdira. Llan yya yeqqaren, ay yiɣilen aggag Ben Sdira yekker-d si temnaṭṭ d tamaziɣt, yya ay yessuguren tutlayt am ta, d win ay yeqqaren : cṛa ay yemrun nniɣ yetnaɣ ɣef tmaziɣt, ḥseb si teɣmeṛt tamaziɣt ay yebbi.
Mmada yella yimer, nnan Ben Sdira ilaq ad d-ilal d amaziɣ. Kkes berk yal wa matta n temnaṭṭ tamaziɣt ay yessendeḍ i laṣel n Ben Sdira. Cca, uɛan-t d aqbayli ur yextar amkan ani d-ilal, yyiḍ nnan laṣel-nnes d acawi n Ras Leɛyun (Batent), d azdaɣ kan ay yezdeɣ di Beskert di tbadut n lqern XIX. Lḥaṣul, way ukk yuɣ aẓwer seg uherrar ssya wessya.
Ilaq arzaw deg ubrid n tidet, ma yict yexs ad d-yaf iẓuran n Belkasem Ben Sdira mani-s a d-bbin. Ad reẓment timasxiwin n tilawt n waggag-aya adzayri n lqern XIX. Aked d iswi-nneɣ yexḍa d arbaj ɣef ljerret n laṣel n Belkasem Ben Sdira, matta n terfiqt, matta n udewwar. Arzaw-aya d win ad yeksen aɛjar ɣef temsal yuman ad tent-naf, yya ur frint : mada ay yella yessen qič n tekbaylit nniɣ araḥ, ammin bac ad ttaɣ azal d aḥellaq deg urzaw ay yexdem s uɛerrem n leqdic ay yisawa ? Rni daɣ, sima ay yemra adlis « Cours de langue kabyle, grammaire et versions », welli ca n yedlisen yyiḍ ayef yeṣka arzaw-nnes.
Di Beskert, nesseqsa labas n waggagen ay yelhan s umezruy n temnaṭṭ-a, maca xsin jemla am tirjin ibezgen. Ma hennid yict ur t-yessin, yict ur yesli s wergaz ay yerẓin sallas u yelli timasxiwin i werzaw asniles ɣef tutlayin tidzayriyyin. Di Beskert, yetwassen yisem Sdira nniɣ Ben Sdira, beṣṣeḥ lac wa ay yeffin kič n yisallen fell-as, bac ad ttban qli n ljerret ha d-ndeffer. Amezruy n Belqasem Ben Sdira ɣer-s lqern d uzgen di leɛmer, imezdaɣ n Tbeskert luqqa ha-t d yya ur d-ukin ad d-awin qli n yisallen fell-as i yisurta d-yegguren.
Seg imer-a d asawen, ncemmer ɣef iɣallen, nebda arzaw ɣef ljerret n twacult n Ben Sdira di temnaḍin ay yiqerben ɣer temdint n Beskert. Tamezwarut ukk a ɣer neẓra d Tajemmurt, d adewwar yeqqen ɣer lwilayet n Beskert. Tajemmurt tus-d di tqatt n yeɣẓer n Ayet Ɛebdi, aɣella n idurar n Wawras ; imezdaɣ-nnes n lɛerc n Ayet Zyan, aked ma yella d iɛraben maca d lhurat tutlayen tcawit jar-asen seg a ay yella qerben ɣer imukan ani zedɣen icawiyen a ttemsewwaqen yid-sen. Da, isem n Ben Sdira yetwassen nezzeh. Nemlal-d id n Sennani Ḥmed, aselmad n tutlayt taɛrabt di tseddawit n Lahaj Laxḍer n Batent, i mala seg udan ay yettictan ad rzun ɣef umezruy anaṣli yimezdaɣ. Ma hennid yuyes d-yini ay yessen, yerx-ad i wawal : « Ulli ca drus sliɣ ttutlayen ɣef umusnaw-aya ay yesnen ad yutlay labas n tutlayin n lqern XIX, beṣṣeh di tidet ur ɣer-s ca n usaɣen jara-nnes d twacult n Ben Sdira n Tjemmurt. »
Iwelleh-aneɣ ad nnuɛa ɣer uqewwar Draɛ Ɛisa, mani zedɣen qli seg Ayet Zyan, maca d idis ay yeqnen ɣer lwilayet n Batent. Nezda uqqun i temlilit id n yict n uɛeggal si twacult Ben Sdira, syin, neṭṭef abrid al uqewwar deg ubrid jar n Warris d Batent.
Si newweḍ ɣer Draɛ Ɛisa, d aqewwar d beztut, ilaqqa-neɣ-d Ɛmer Ben Sdira. Yenna-k : «deg ay yellan d tidet, ilaq yisem n uqawwar-aya ad yili Anza N Sdira, yexḍa Draɛ Ɛisa ». Di tenfas ticawiyyin, welhent belli Anza d amkan mani zik nɣin ca n tmexluqt. « Amkan-aya ukk yetwassen si zik s yisem Anza n Sdira. Ma d isem Draɛ Ɛisa d amkan yict yejwa ɣef umkan-aya ». Ma d Belkasem Ben Sdira : « amek a gemneɣ, yenna-d dadda Ɛmer, werjin sliɣ s umusnaw-aya yutlay-d fell-as aked d yict. Matta a sneɣ tawacult-nneɣ tekker-d da deg Anza n Sdira, amkan ani niɣin yiǧǧ d aɛeggal-nneɣ, d Lqayed nniɣ d Lɛaqel, yerna yettuqaḍar ».
Yila ad nnefcel, nesla i lexber yessefraḥ yewweḍ-aneɣ-d si Beskert. Imeddukal a neǧǧa din ad rzun, ṣṣiwḍen ad afen ljerret n wergaz-aya. Ddura, mamek aɣen-nnan imeddukal, lexber d ṣṣeḥ, issefreḥ-aneɣ. Belkasem Ben Sdira, ilul di Beskert taqdimt, di teqṣebt, azniq d aqdim, yezmer lḥal laṣel-nnes n tawya taɛrabt Ahl Bni Ɛli.
Di matta uk a d-nnan chud, Ferḥat, baba-s n Belkasem, yella d lqayed nniɣ d ccix n tawya-aya tameqrant yeṭṭfen s temsal d ucal ald aɣir anẓul n Beskert. Ma d yyiḍ nnan : ur yelli la d Lqayed la d ccix. D argaz yufin amakn jar n iɛeggalen n Bacaɣa Bengana. Beṣṣeḥ mamek yexs ad yili lḥal, nezmer ad d-nini : mala d Bengana ay yellin timasxiwin i Belkasem Ben Sdira ad yadef ɣer uɣerbaz afransis.
Ass-a, lɛerc n twacult Ben Sdira yessuzzer di labas n imukan n temnaṭṭ. Llan di Zziban, am temdint n Beskert, Umac, Sɛada, Urlal, … atg.
Ma d Ɛli Sayad yenna-d : « Ameslay amezwaru ayes a d-yekker, s mayes yetturebba Ben Sdira d taɛrabt. Yella d aselmad n tutlayt-aya. Sima iɛedda yimer, ɣer useggas n 80 n lqern XIX, yexdem asemres aḥellaq-nnes, yelmed, yesselmed taqbaylit deg uɣerbaz unnig n tsekla, di Dzayer-tamanaɣt ».
Matta yezmer yict ad yerfed d tamsirt si tmudri d matta yemra Belkasem Ben Sdira ? Di tezwart, yuma ad t-nneẓr d aggag ay yiḥerzen agerruj yeɣlan, yexḍa d wa ad yalem yict n ufus, i tsurta n yimal. Arzaw ay yexdem di tmudri-nnes ɣef tutlayin, labas ay yisellek seg uttaw, yexḍa drus seg uɣemmay adzayri, acku iḥada ɣef neqqad n yidisan usnanen idelsanen di tict n tikti ; n tnaṣlit nniɣ n tesnilest nniɣ aselkan. Rni, aggag-aya, ur yeǧǧi aked d tict si tutlayin tidzayriyin : taɛrabt tunṣibt, taɛrabt tadzayrit, tamaziɣt. Ur yettu ca aked d tict.
Taneqqiṭṭ wis sen ayef xseɣ ad utlayeɣ d ttin n luɛert a d-nqabel deg urzaw ɣef ljerret n wergaz-aya. Nenna, ha-t yuɛer ad d-naf ljerret mani-s ukk a d-iɛedda Belkasem Ben Sdira, beṣṣeḥ ila ad d-nini netta yegguma ad yeǧǧ aked qli yuran fell-as nniɣ ɣef twacult-nnes, ammin bac ur yettadef uherrar unfiq deg ayen yeqnen ɣer aked n yedles d temnaṭṭ nniɣ d lɛerc. Amma iban-d d adzayri, yura-d ɣef Dzayer.
Ɣef leqdic-aya, yenna-d ca n umsertay di temrawt-inn n 90, belli tiflet n tlalitt ur yezmir ad yezzuɣer id-s ahil asertan. D tidet, teflet n tlalitt ur yezmir ad yig amerrig ha ad yuɛan win aɣen-imgarden d aɣrim, yessezwar tiḥessifin n beṭṭu.
Di tmurt-nneɣ, ad ttesled i medden ttutlayen qqaren : tutlayin ukk, am yudan, kifkif-tent deg uzref. Beṣṣeḥ, jar n yudan-aya i t-id-yeqqaren, werjin txemmimen-t.
Immala, matta ay yilaqen, yexḍa ad t-id-yini yict, yettusemma ad t-ixemmem. Belkasem Ben Sdira ixemmem-it, yerni yixdem-it.
Yarru-t : Salim Guettouchi
Yassuɣal-it : Younes Aɣugali
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