1980 : Abeddel ameqran
"Tafsut n YimaziYen" n 1980 d yiwet seg tedyanin tisertiyin
(politiques) timeqranin akk deg Ldzayer timziregt (indépendante).
Uqbel, tamsalt n tmaziYt tella tenkeṛ-itt ddula yernu
imassanen (savants) llan qqnen fell-as allen, neY ur ttwalin-tt d tamsalt ur nesei azal meYYren, d tin
yeqqnen s afulkluṛ. D acu kan, asmi ay d-ḍrant tedyanin n 1980, tamsalt-a deg yiwen webrid kan tban-d u yegget
fell-as wawal.
Timeskanin (timesbaniyin) akk d yimenYiyen ay d-yellan
gar medden d yiYallen n ddula deg wakk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel akk d Ldzayer tamaneYt gar MeYres n 1980
d Mayyu n 1981 sseknen-d dakk-n wid yessutturen tamaziYt ur llin d aggagen (intellectuels) imeezulen, wanag d ay-n
yerzan u bYan-tt akk wid yessawalen tamaziYt deg Ldzayer.
"Tafsut n YimaziYen" d tin ay d-yemlan dakk-n medden ukin-d
u bdan la ttxemmimen ad d-neṭqen, ad d-ssiwlen i yiman-nsen Yef way-n bYan deg yiwet n tmurt anda ddula tella
tebYa ad d-tessken dakk-n kullec deg-s yeddukkel. Uqbel, tasertit (politique), tasnakta (idéologie) d yedles llan s ddaw
n umunupul n ddula yernu d tamenḍawt (consitution) ay as-iḍemnen ay-a. U deg way-n yerzan iles, ulac kra n tlelli
deg tmurt imi seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-ines (indépendance), akk timenḍawin n tmurt qqarent-d dakk-n d "taeṛabt
ay d iles aYelnaw unṣ̣ib (national et officiel) n tmurt".
Iḍrisen n llsas (textes fondamentaux) n tmurt d nitni
sskanayen-d s lejheṛ dakk-n d ddula kan ay yettalasen ad teṭṭef asselYu (information) u ad t-tesseddu
s yiles ay as-yehwan. TiYawsiwin banent ugar mi ara nYer tizzwariyin (préambules) ay d-uran i tmenḍawin (constitutions),
d tid-nni umi qqaren "irkawalen iYelnawen" (chartes nationales).
D acu kan, seg wasmi ay teedda Tefsut n 1980, lejyal
n yelmeẓyen bdan la d-sskanayen dakk-n ugin ineḍfaren-nni (dogmes) ay yettwaḥettmen fell-asen.
D ljil s lekmal-is n yelmeẓyen, d imezdaYen akk n
Tmurt n Leqbayel ay d-yekkren u ssuttren "asteeṛef s yiles amaziY" d u ad asen-tettunefk "tlelli n wawal".
D tadyant yesean iẓuran lqayit
Assutter n tmaziYt yesea iẓuran ijehden deg
wegdud, d ay-n ara idumen yernu ur yezmir ad yettussusem. Amnae n usarag (conférence) n Mouloud Mammeri deg wass n 10 MeYres 1980 d ifeṭṭiwej
ay d-yessaYen urfan yellan ffren seg zik-nni. Yagi, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, medden llan wwan u rran urfan-nsen Yer
daxel seg tezwara n yiseggasen n 1970.
Tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu, yettwaldin deg 1979, tejbed-d aṭas n
waggagen, teqqel d amkan anda ay ttemlilin akk wid yeYran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ay-a yurar dduṛ deg ussenker n
tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin). Maca Yas ma yella d tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu ay yeqqimen acḥal n ledwaṛ la tessedday
deg tmeskanin-nni, ay-n ay d-yesnekren medden ur yeqqin ara kan Yer temsal taggagin (intellectuelles).
Amur ameqran deg yimezdaYen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ḥulfan dakk-n terza-ten temsalt n ussutter n tmaziYt yernu
ttekkan deg tedyanin-nni. YuY lḥal, seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-is (indépendance), ula d yiwen wass ur d-llint
tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) timeqranin am tid ay d-yellan deg wussan-nni n tefsut. Ama deg Tizi Wezzu, ama deg Bgayet, d ledwaṛ
ay qqimen medden la ttgen timeskanin (timesbaniyin). Ula deg temdinin timecṭuḥin, ffYen-d medden akk-n
ad d-sseknen dakk-n ur qbilen ara tikli n ddula (Ein Lḥemmam, Laṛebea n Ayt Yiraten, Dree
Lmizan, BuYni, Ieeẓẓugen, Amizur, Sidi Eic, Aqbu, atg.), ula deg tuddar.
Γas ma yella kra n yimanayen (observateurs) ifṛensisen
nnan dakk-n ala deg Tizi Wezzu d tama-ines ay d-llant tedyanin, Tamurt n Leqbayel akk tewlawel, s "tmeqrant", s "tmecṭuḥt".
Bitt, tikkwal, kra seg yimenYiyen ay d-yellan deg "tmecṭuḥt" (Bgayet d yeYzer n Ṣṣ̣umam)
ugaren wid ay d-yellan deg Tizi Wezzu. Aqmaḍ (répression) ur yezgil ula d yiwet n tama. Tubiret d Bgayet, Yas ma
llan kra ay yettwalin dakk-n txuṣ̣ṣ̣ timmuzYa-nsent, uYent tiytiwin ijehden ugar
n tid ay tuY Tizi Wezzu. Akk-n yebYu yili, Yas ma yella kulci yebda-d seg Tizi Wezzu, ddula
ur twit ara medden deg-s akk-n ay ten-twet anda niḍen yernu seg 1980 d asawen, teqqel tettḥadar tamdint-a
d tmura ay d-iqerben Yer-s.
Tamsalt n tmaziYt dindin kan tefreq u tennul aṭas
n tmiwa n tmurt n Ldzayer. Yernu d ilmeẓyen s umata ay tt-yettnaYen fell-as, dYa d ay-n ay aY-yejjan
ad d-nini dakk-n amussu-a (mouvement) d win ara idumen u ad yeseu azal meYYren deg uzekka n tmurt. Ddula teereḍ
ad tesseddu awal dakk-n wid ay d-yesnekren tamsalt n tmaziYt d kra n yemdanen ur nemein, ur nesei azal yernu
"jjmen tallit n Fṛansa", maca ay-a ur yelli d tidet, wanag wid yennuYen Yef temsalt n tmaziYt ggten u
meẓẓiyit.
Amur ameqran deg wid irefden tamsalt-a dima llan sean
s ddaw n 25 n yiseggasen deg leemeṛ-nsen. Wid yerYan fell-as aṭas, amur meYYren deg-sen d
inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée), yernu ur tteeddin ara i eecrin n yiseggasen deg leemeṛ. Akk-a ay yella
lḥal ama deg tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) n 1980, ama deg wakk tid ay tent-id-iḍefren. Akk-a daYen ay yella lḥal
deg tmeskanin-nni ay d-yellan deg Nwembeṛ n 1985 : ixxamen n ccṛee n Tmurt n Leqbayel ḥekmen s lḥebs Yef
wazal n meyya n yelmeẓyen Yef ljal n "ccwal" ay snekren deg yiberdan, akk-n ma llan d inelmaden n tesnawit (lycée).
Ljil-a n yelmeẓyen d Ldzayer ay ten-yesseYren akk yernu ur ssinen ara Fṛansa ... Γas ma yella nga-as
dakk-n wid ay d-yesnekren timeskanin-a (timesbaniyin) d imdanen yeYran s tefṛensist yernu ahat jjmen kra n zzman
ieeddan, amek ara d-nessefhem dakk-n ilmeẓyen n Tmurt n Leqbayel ay tessYer ddula n Ldzayer ad ddun d wid
yebYan ad rren Ldzayer Yer deffir ?
YuY lḥal, tasertit-nni (politique) n usseeṛeb
ur tessaweḍ ara ad d-teqlee "ay-n ay d-yeqqimen" seg temsalt n tmaziYt seg Tmurt n Leqbayel wanag
d assejhed ay tt-tessejhed. Takti (lfekra) n tmaziYt tuY akk timiwa n Tmurt n Leqbayel deg lweqt ay deg ddula tella
tugi-tt u la tt-tettḥaṛab seg lqaea. D ti ay d tiYawsiwin ay wuYur yessefk ad d-rren lwelha-nsen
wid yesseddayen lumuṛ n ddula.
Amussu (mouvement) n tmaziYt ur yelli ara daYen yezmer
ad yettwarnu, imi ay d-yenker deg yiwet n tallit ay t-ieawnen Yef way-nni, d tallit ay deg ikabaren (partis) uffiren
(gar-asen FFS n Aït Ahmed d kra n trebbae timecṭuḥin n uzelmaḍ) gren-d iman-nsen, d acu kan, medden
maci d ikabaren-nni ay ḍefren wanag ay-n ay ten-yessewlawlen yugar ay-a.
YuY lḥal, ikabaren n tenmegla (opposition) deg Ldzayer
qqimen d uffiren alama ay d tagara n 1988, yernu ula d yiwen wass ur ssawḍen ad rṣ̣un iman-nsen deg
wegdud u ad yaY uẓar-nsen deg-s u ad idum, yernu ula d yiwen wass ur gin kra n tigawt (action) ara idumen akk-n
ad qablen tasertit (politique) n ddula.
Akk iYallen isertiyen (politiques) ay temnee
ddula llan d uffiren, ur zmiren ara ad gen kra ara d-yawin lfayda ibanen, ur llin ara sean isenfaren (projects) ibanen,
llan ttwaqemḍen (réprimer) dima neY sya Yer da, dYa ula d yiwet seg trebbae-a ur tessaweḍ
ad d-tban, ad tif tiyaḍ neY ad temnee seg uqaree d weqmaḍ (répression) n yibulisen.
Amussu (mouvement) adelsan amaziY yefhem seg tazwara dakk-n
ur yessefk ara ad d-yeYli deg snat n tfexxtin : tamezwaurt, ur yessefk ara ad yeqqel d uffir, tis snat, ur yessefk ara
ad yeqqim s ddaw tecḍaḍt n yikabaren (partis). DYa, wid ay t-id-yesnekren deg yiseggasen n 1980, ssawlen-d
s lejheṛ, ẓran-ten medden. YuY lḥal, mi ara nwali Yer ussirem-nsen, Yer tmuYliwin
d uxemmem-nsen, ad nẓer dakk-n wid yennuYen Yef tmaziYt glan-d s ubeddel ameqran deg tmurt n Ldzayer,
snekren-d tagrawla (révolution) n tidet : medden qqlen zemren ad ssiwlen s lejheṛ, deg webrid, yernu yettwakcef-d
weqmaḍ-nni (répression) ay tqemmeḍ ddula n Ldzayer s kra n win ara d-yessiwlen. D ay-a ay yejjan ad d-yekker
yiwen n ljil n yimeYnasen (militants) ur nettagad, d wid iwejden ad nnaYen akk d weqmaḍ n ddula u ad bedden
Yef wawal-nsen alama d ṭṭerf. Zik, akk-n ad tessens urfan n medden, ddula tella tettaṭṭaf wid
ay d-yessenkaren timeskanin (timesbaniyin) neY tḥebbes medden yettekkan deg trebbae ur nelli, neY deg
trebbae, seg wasmi ay tent-id-sbedden llan yagi deg-sent yemdanen iqeddcen d yiYallen n laman, maca, asmi ay d-yekker
ljil-a amaynut n yelmeẓyen, tiYawsiwin qqlent ur la tteddunt ara am wakk-a. Tieeqqayin n tmaziYt Ylint
u mYint-d deg yal tama, d ay-n ay d-yesnekren aṭas n medden, mi tensa tmes da, ad d-tekker anda niḍen.
Yeqqel yimenYi iban, yettili-d s lejheṛ, d imenYi s ljehd n yiYil ay yekksen tugdi akk d tsusmi seg wulawen
n medden. Yekkes lweḥc-nni izedYen medden zik-nni, deg tallit n Boumediene, asmi ay llan ttxemmimen dakk-n iYallen
n ddula llan deg yal amkan.
D acu kan, yessefk daYen ad nẓer dakk-n deg 1980,
ddula n Ldzayer tella la tettbeddil : tamettant (lmut) n Boumediene tessewlawel akk ddula d werkad ay tella terked-it zik-nni,
yernu adabu (autorité) n Chadli Bendjedid ur yejhid ara akk. D ay-a ay yejjan ddula amzun temmehmeh, ur teẓri ara d
acu n tikli ara d-tawi akk d tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin) n 1980, ladYa imi ula d yiwen wass ur d-llint tedyanin timeqranin
am tid-nni yernu tella ddula ur tebni ara fell-asent ad d-ilint. Tlata n wayyuren ay teqqim ddula eerqent-as, tikkelt
ad tesseqdec iYil (dYa tiyita ijehden akk d tin n 20 Yebrir, asmi ay mmYen yibulisen Yef tesdawit n Tizi
Wezzu), tikkelt, teerreḍ ad tessens times, am wasmi ay d-bran i 24-nni n warrac "ay d-yesnekren ccwal" sdeffir
ma eeddan deg ccṛee n laman n ddula). Taggara, ddula tefren ad teqbel tamsalt n tmaziYt, ad tt-teddem
u ad d-telhu id-s akk-n ad tezmer ad tt-teḥkem, yili uqbel tella teffeY-as akk afus. D acu kan, deg tallit-nni
n ukukru n ddula, wid ay d-yesnekren amussu (mouvement) amaziY ssawḍen ad d-sseknen dakk-n tamsalt n tmaziYt
tesea iẓuran lqayen deg wegdud : medden gan sin n yisudiden imuta (grèves générales), llant-d aṭas n tmeskanin,
llan-d aṭas n yimenYiyen u qqlen yimenYiyen-nni weeṛen u meYYrit ugar sdeffir n 20 Yebrir.
Seg wasmi ay tuwey Ldzayer azarug-ines (indépendance), d tikkelt tamezwarut ay deg ara d-kkren yimezdaYen n yiwet n tama
s lekmal-is u ssawḍen ad bedden acḥal n ledwaṛ deg wudem n ddula.
S way-a, d imeYnasen (militants) n yedles, amur ameqran
deg-sen meẓẓiyit, yernu deg tallit-nni tella texḍa-ten tsertit (politique) neY akk-n kan
ay bdan keccmen deg-s, ssawḍen ad gen ay-n ur igi ula d yiwen n ukabar aserti (parti politique) n menwala ar imir-n
: bedden s lejheṛ deg wudem n ddula yernu idum webdad-nsen alama ay ḥettmen ddula ad testeeṛef s temsalt-nsen
yernu ad tessenqes seg teqseḥ n weqmaḍ-ines (répression).
1980 : Tadukli n waggagen* d wegdud
*intellectuels
"Tafsut n YimaziYen" n 1980 tella-d deg yiwet n tallit
ay tt-ieawnen akk-n ad d-tili : imeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt qqimen la qeddcen azal xmesṭac n yiseggasen
deg yedles, Yas s tuffra, imeYnasen yerYan aṭas Yef temsal-a bdan la keccmen tasertit (politique)
yernu tebda la tettwabnay cwiṭ, cwiṭ yiwen n uẓeḍḍa (réseau) n "yimeYnasen imesmaziYen"
(amazighistes). Gar way-a d way-n niḍen, Tizi Wezzu tella la tettnerni s tYawla, dYa, sdeffir ma tella d tamdint
yeqquren, teqqel d tamdint meYYren deg tama-nni. Deg 1979, tettwaldi tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu, dYa d nettat ay
d ssebba ay yejjan Tafsut n 1980 ad d-taY. Γas ma yella timeskanin (timesbaniyin) n 1980 maci d aggagen (intellectuels)
d yesdawanen (universitaires) kan i yiman-nsen ay tent-igan, maca tildin n tesdawit deg Tizi Wezzu d ay-n yuraren dduṛ
meYYren deg tmeskanin-a yernu d nettat ay yejjan amussu (mouvement) ad yimYur.
Amussu (mouvement) amaziY, asmi ay d-yeṭṭerḍeq,
yelfa-d d ameqran, xelḍen deg-s akk medden yernu ur iṣ̣eggem ara aṣ̣eggem ay ijehden, dYa
d tasdawit ay yuraren dduṛ deg usseqeed d usseddu n lecYal n umussu-nni.
Γef way-a, maci deg lbaṭel ara teerreḍ
ddula n Ldzayer ad tessenqes seg ljehd n tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu (imi ur tezmir ara ad tt-tekkes) : akk isenfaren (projets)
n wesnerni n tesdawit-a llan ttuwexxaren, sneqsen seg-s inelmaden alama ay d ay-n kan, ttwakksen
seg-s yinurar n usselmed s lekmal-nsen yernu iban dakk-n ddula tebYa ad terr tasdawit-a d tarbaet kan n yiYerbazen
(llakulat) n yisuda (insituts) n usselmed aelayan, ay deg ur ttilin ara waṭas n yinelmaden u ad ifsusen i weḥkam.
Tafsut n 1980 tessken-d daYen dakk-n tella-d tdukli gar
waggagen imeYnasen (intellectuels militants) d wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Ay-a yesskanay-d ay-n gant trebbae deg
lYerba seg 1965 alama ay d imir-n d ay-n yeddan d way-n yebYa wegdud, yernu leqdic-nsen yegla-d s lateṛ d
ameqran deg tmetti (société) n Tmurt n Leqbayel.
Werjin yewlawel wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel u deg Ldzayer akk
akk-n yewlawel asmi ay sdukklen waggagen (intellectuels) iYallen-nsen akk d wegdud, u d ay-a ay yejjan amussu (mouvement) amaziY
ad d-iban s lejheṛ u ad yimYur akk-n ad yaY akk Tamurt n Leqbayel akk d Ldzayer tamaneYt u ad yeqqim
akk-n ugar n useggas (seg 10 MeYres 1980 ar 19 MeYres 1981).
1980 : d tiyita ay d-yejjan lateṛ
Deg yiseggasen ay d-iḍefren tafsut n 1980, nezmer ad nger
tamawt dakk-n amussu (mouvement) amaziY yekka Yef snat n talliyin yemgerraden (yemxallafen). Talliyin-a mgerradent
ama deg tegnit ay deg d-llant, ama deg tsudist-nsent (stratégie).
Tallit n MeYres 1980 ar Ctembeṛ 1981, nezmer
ad as-nsemmi "tallit yeḥman", d tin ay deg yella waṭas n leqdic akk d tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) timeqranin deg
webrid (ama deg Tmurt n Leqbayel neY deg Ldzayer tamaneYt), timliliyin, inejmuyae yemgerraden, timsirin (dduṛus)
n tmaziYt (ama deg Ldzayer neY deg Tmurt). YuY lḥal, imir-n, wid ay d-yesnekren u sseddan amussu (mouvement)
amaziY dindin kan ukin dakk-n timsal n tmagit (identité) tamaziYt d tid wuYur d-rran medden lwelha-nsen yernu
aṭas n medden ay yewlawlen fell-asent. Akukru n ddula akk d beddu n weskasi (débat) Yef yedles deg tmurt n Ldzayer
d ay-n ay yejjan imeYnasen (militants) ad faṛsen tagnit u ad sdumen lḥeṛs Yef ddula. YuY
lḥal, imeYnasen ssarmen ad teg ddula kra n tYawsa ibanen i tmaziYt, ad teldi tiwwura u lxerṣ̣um
ad teqbel ad tettusselmed tmaziYt u ad yili unadi fell-as deg tesdawiyin n Tizi Wezzu akk d Ldzayer tamaneYt. D
ay-a ay yes d-yeweed uneYlaf (lewzir) n usselmed aelayan n tallit-nni, A. Bererhi.
D acu kan, dindin kan teqqel ddula Yer weqmaḍ-ines.
Tebda la tferren wid ara teṭṭef u ad ten-tawey Yer lḥebs (maci d imeYnasen n menwala) i wakk-n
ad tesseereq tikli i umussu (mouvement) amaziY.
Asmi ay ifuk useqqamu alemmas n FLN askasi-ines (débat) Yef
yedles aYelnaw ay d-yellan gar Yunyu d Yunyuz n 1981, iga-d timeYtusin (résolutions) Yef yedles, dYa tebda
tikli n ddula la d-tettban. Ddula teawed yefren ad tkemmel deg timuYliwin-ines tiquranin imi askasi-a yefra-tt-id
dakk-n tamagit (identité) tadzayrit d taeṛabt-tineslemt. Llan kra n yemdanen seg wid yettekkan deg weskasi-nni,
nnan-d dakk-n mazal zemrent ad ilint lemcawṛat Yef temsalt-a (Yas ma yella timuYliwin n yemdanen-a llant
beedent s waṭas Yef tid n yimeYnasen [militants] imaziYen), d acu kan, d wid yettnaYen Yef
tesnakta (idéologie) taeṛabt ay yernan deg weskasi-a. Yagi, aṭas n yiseggasen seg wasmi ay bdan yemsaeṛaben
(arabistes) d yemsaeṛaben-isenselmen (arabo-islamistes) la keccmen u la ttaṭṭafen akk tisuda (institutions)
n tesnakta n ddula, ladYa deg yedles, deg usselmed u deg ukabar (parti) n FLN.
ImeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt eerḍen
tikkelt taneggarut "ad ḥeṛsen ddula swadda", dYa gren-d tiYri i medden, deg wass n 26 Ctembeṛ, akk-n
ad gen asunded amatu (grève générale) u ad Yanzun (boycotter) aYerbaz (llakul), d acu kan, tikkelt-nni,
medden ur ten-ḍfiren ara akk-n yessefk acku, mebla ccek, ur yeffiY ara fell-asen way-nni deg tegnit-nni. DYa,
iban-asen-d i yimeYnasen n tmaziYt dakk-n ulac d acu ara asen-d-tefk ddula, wanag taneggarut-a la tqeddec akk-n
ad yeqqim kullec akk-n yella zik, bitt, tebda la tqeddec akk-n ad tessejhed asseeṛeb. Ay-a iban-d deg tuqqla
(rentrée) Yer tesdawit deg 1981, imi ay teezem ddula ad tesseeṛeb akk ifurkawen (branches)
n tussniwin talsanin (sciences humaines) deg tesdawit. DYa iban dakk-n ddula
tebYa d nettat kan ara iḥekmen tasnakta (idéologie) sdaxel n tesdawit.
Seg yimir-nni, imeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt eawden
ṣ̣eggmen iman-nsen akk-n ad d-awin tikli ara idumen, yernu d ay-n kan ara yeffYen fell-asen. DYa
bdan la d-ssuffuYen tisufaY (publications), Yas seint ara ttesriḥ, maca ddula ur tgi acemma akk-n
ad teḥbes afraq-nsent, yernu tisufaY-a llant d ttawil ay yes sseddan yimeYnasen isalan (lexbarat) ilelliyen
akk d weskasi-nsen (débat) Yef tekta (lfekrat) deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. DaYen, sbedden-d yimeYnasen tirebbae
n leqdic Yef yinurar yerzan iles d yedles : dYa bdant trebbae-a la qeddcent Yef usseqeed n yiles
amaziY (la d-bennun awalen itekniyen [techniques]), u ssawḍen ad d-ssuffYen iqeddicen yemmuzzgen (spécialisés),
werjin ttwagan-d uqbel deg tmaziYt, am "Tmawalt n Tusnakt" (Léxique de mathématiques). DaYen, bdan yimeYnasen
la ttgen timsirin (dduṛus) i usselmed n (tira) tmaziYt s tuffra. S way-a, qqlen yimeYnasen ur la ttnadin ara
ad asen-d-tefk ddula kra, wanag llan la qeddcen yal ass akk-n ad d-bnun amussu (mouvement) ijehden ugar yernu d win ur nezmir
ad yens : d idles amaziY ay izemren i yiman-is yernu yettuwehha Yer yimal (avenir). D ay-a ay yejjan imeYnasen
ad d-sbedden tasYunt (revue) Tafsut, ay yettwagan i lmend n tezrawin d weskasi (études et débats). Tafsut
teqqel d ttawil ay deg aggagen (intellectuels) imaziYen qqlen la d-ttarun ay-n ttxemmimen Yef temsal n
yedles.
DaYen, yella mazal la d-yettili wembaddel gar waggagen
(intellectuels) d wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel; llant aṭas n tegnatin ay deg ttemlilin am yibarazen (galas) d leqdicat
ay d-yettilin ladYa deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. YuY lḥal, deg yiseggasen ay d-iḍefren tafsut n 1980,
tkemmel teddert tdukli-nni yellan gar waggagen d yegdud, u ay-a yettban-d s tmeskanin-nni (timesbaniyin) ay d-yellan deg yiseggasen
n 1980, u ay deg tikkwal llan-d yimenYiyen meYYren gar yelmeẓyen d yibulisen deg wakk timiwa n Tmurt
n Leqbayel. Γef umedya (lemtel), asmi ay ttwaṭṭfen sebea n yimeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt
deg Fuṛaṛ n 1985, dindin kan kkren-d akk medden n Tmurt n Leqbayel (llant-d tmeskanin deg Tizi Wezzu, deg Bgayet,
deg Yieeẓẓugen, ...). Deg umezwaru n Nwembeṛ, ttwaṭṭfen medden deg temsalt-nni n TemYunt
tadzayrit n yizerfan n wemdan (Ligue algérienne des droits de l'homme), yili tamYunt-a llan la ttekkan deg-s yimeYnasen
n tmaziYt s waṭas. D ay-n ay yessekren ccwal d ameqran u deg tgara, ixxamen n ccṛee n tmiwa ay deg tekker
ḥekmen-d lḥebs i wazal n meyya n medden Yef ljal n ccwal.
Seg 1980 [Yer 1990], nezmer ad d-nini dakk-n azal n 300
n medden ay yettucaṛeen yernu yettwaḥkem fell-asen lḥebs Yef ljal n yimenYi Yef tmaziYt
ama deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, ama deg Ldzayer tamaneYt (attekki deg tmeskanin [timesbaniyin], afraq n tewriqin, attekki deg
leqdicat d lecYal yeqqnen Yer ussutter n tmaziYt). Ma d wid ay yettwaṭṭfen sakk-in bran-asen-d
mebla ma eeddan deg ccṛee, wid yettwaṭṭfen deg yexxamen n yibulisen, wid yettwaḥebsen tallit
Yezzifen mebla ssebba, wid ay d-Yerrqen seg yiYerbazen (llakulat), wid umi kksen ipaspuṛen-nsen u meneen-ten
ad ffYen seg tmurt, wigi akk ur nezmir ad ten-id-neḥseb : tiYawsiwin-a llant ḍerrunt-d yal ass, qqlent
d tarutint ay nnummen akk yimeYnasen (militants) n tmaziYt. DYa, ay-a akk yessnakay-aY-d amek ay tefka
temsalt n tmaziYt iẓuran deg wegdud deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, medden qqlen sskanayen-d s lejheṛ tamagit-nsen
(identité) tamaziYt deg Tmurt n Leqbayel. Γas ma tessukk ddula acḥal n yiseggasen n lḥeṛs d weqmaḍ
Yef wegdud, maca ay-a ur yessaweḍ ara ad yeqḍee ay-n izedYen deg wulawen n medden. Ccwal yekkren
deg 1985-1986 deg Tmurt n Leqbayel yella d win iweeṛen ugar n win n 1980, u yessken-d dakk-n medden ukin-d deg
tama-a, yernu amussu (mouvement) amaziY yessaweḍ ad d-yessuffeY urfan n medden Yer lejheṛ u qqlen
medden, ama deg tmurt n Ldzayer, ama deg umaḍal (ddunit) slan s temsalt-a n tmaziYt u ttḍafaren-tt.
Lejnas steeṛfen s ljehd n umussu* amaziY
*mouvement
D ay-n ibanen dakk-n amussu (mouvement) amaziY eawnen-t-id
s waṭas yiminigen (iYriben) imaziYen. Iminigen-a yekkan acḥal n yiseggasen deg lbeṛṛani
yernu sean ttejṛiba deg temsal n tsertit, d nitni ay ieawnen amussu ay yekkren deg tmurt n Leqbayel akk-n
ad yemmager u ad yeṣ̣ber i weqmaḍ (répression) n ddula. Amussu amaziY
yeqqel yesea ineṭṭaqen (porte-paroles) deg lYerba, d wid
ay yellan la ttxebbiren lejnas Yef way-n la iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel : seg 1980 d asawen, teqqel tYamsa
(presse) la d-tessawaḍ isalan (lexbarat) n way-n iḍerrun deg Tmurt n Leqbayel ugar n zik. D ay-a ay yejjan ddula
ur tesseqdac ara aqmaḍ (répression) ameqran deg Tmurt n Leqbayel u tuwey-d tikli ay deg tḥuder imezdaYen
n tama-a. D ay-a daYen ay yejjan medden ad qqlen ad ttarun neY ad ssawalen mebla
akukru, mebla ma sneqsen ay-n ay ugaden ur as-ieejjeb ara i ddula, u d ay-a ay d-ikecfen aqmaḍ n ddula, u teqqel
tneggarut-a ur tezmir ara ad teqmeḍ medden s tsusmi, ur isell yiwen, am zik-nni. Azal n eecrin n yiseggasen ay
teqqim ddula, yinabaḍen-ines (lḥukumat) yemxallafen,
la tqemmeḍ, la tettakel Yef yizerfan (lḥuquq) d tellyin, u tuweḍ alama ay d asseqdec
n ueetteb d tmenYiwt ! Akk-n ad tefk lḥeqq i yiman-is u ad teg lecYal-a akk, ddula tettḥaṛab
akk wid ay d-yekkren Yer-s s yisem n Tegrawla (Révolution) yessuffYen Fṛansa u s yisem n yimenYi mgal
(contre) n temnukda (imprérialisme). Deg tallit-nni, llan medden yettwakren, ttwaṭṭfen mebla lqanun, ttueettben
mebla ma yewlawel yiwen u mebla ma faqent trebbae tibeṛṛaniyin yettnaYen Yef yizerfan (lḥuquq)
n wemdan u ad d-lhunt s temsal-a.
Seg 1980 d asawen, ttuwehhant akk teftilin Yef Ldzayer,
ladYa Yef Tmurt n Leqbayel : ay-n yebYu teg-it ddula akk-n ad teḥbes tikli n yisalan (lexbarat), ur tessaweḍ
ara, medden akk ẓran. Seg yimir-n, ddula teqqel teẓra dakk-n ur tezmir ara ad tkemmel aqmaḍ (répression)
s tuffra.
Deg lweqt ay deg llant la d-ḍerrunt tedyanin deg tmurt,
deg lYerba, imeYnasen bdan-d leqdic n wesḥulfu (sensibilisation) d ussaki n medden, alama ay yeqqel umussu
(mouvement) amaziY la d-ijebbed u la yettqennie Idzayriyen yellan deg lYerba ugar n Tdukli n Yidzayriyen deg
Tuṛuft (Amicale des Algériens en Europe), yellan, deg tidet, d tarbaet itebeen Yer FLN deg lbeṛṛani.
DaYen, deg tallit-nni, bdan wid yessawalen tamaziYt
deg lYerba s timmad-nsen la d-ttarun idlisen ussnanen (scientifiques) Yef tmaziYt, dYa d ay-a ay yekkan
ibeṛṛaniyen ad d-rren ugar lwelha-nsen Yer way-n iḍerrun deg Tmurt n
Leqbayel. Asmi ay bdan YimazYanen (Maghrébins) la d-lehhun nitni s timmad-nsen s tezrawin (études) Yef tmaziYt,
tebda la tettebead takti-nni (lfekra) dakk-n d timura « listiemeṛ » ara ijebbden lexyuḍ.
Ay-n d-ttinin neY ttarun-t-id yimassanen-a (savants) imazYanen d ay-n
zemren ad t-amnen medden, d nitni ara d-yessawalen Yef yiman-nsen, maci d wiyaḍ ara d-ineṭṭqen deg
umur-nsen. Imi ay d-lhan id-s yimazYanen (maghrébins) n tmura yemgerraden n Tefriqt n Ugafa,
tebda « tmesmaziYt » (berbérisme) la tetteqqel d amussu (mouvement) n uxemmem iḥuzan akk
tama-a, ur yeqqim ara kan deg yiwet n tmurt.
TimmuzYa* akk d tugdut
*amazighité
Γas ma yella imussa isnaktanen (mouvement idéologiques)
deg tmura n TmazYa (Maghreb) mgerraden, maca tella yiwet n tYawsa ay ten-yesdukklen : TamazYa d taeṛabt
yernu s kra n leqdic ara yettwagan Yef yedles, yessefk ad yeqqim kan deg tlisa-a. Ma d timmuzYa (amazighité), ya
tettwankeṛ maḍi, ya tettwaḥqer alama ay d ay-n kan. Win yessawalen tamaziYt, imi ay yettwankeṛ
am wakk-a, ur yessefk ara ad newhem mi ara t-nwali yettsuYu-d : « Ala ! LliY yernu mazal bYiY ad iliY azekka ! ».
D ay-n ibanen ad d-yini ay-a, d lḥeqq-is.
D ay-n ibanen dakk-n ankaṛ akk d tririt-agi deg rrif d
ay-n ara iḍurren AmaziY s timmad-is, maca ay-a yezmer ad yili daYen d amihi (danger) i tmetti (société) s
lekmal-is, imi, mi ara tessers ddula tilisa am tigi i yedles, ad teqqel tmuYli n yedles d tamuYli tuḥṛist,
d tin ur nettaẓ Yer sdat, d tin ur nqebbel wiyaḍ, d tin wesdukkel n bessif n wakk medden s ddaw n yiwet n
tecḍaḍt, d tin ay deg ay-n ur tebYi ara ddula ad t-tekkes, Yas yella deg yedles, u d tin ay deg ttin
ledwaṛ gar ddula d wegdud : deg lweqt ay deg idles d agdud ay t-id-yettgen, ad teqqel d ddula d nettat ara t-id-yettgen
i wegdud. Skud ur weread ur steeṛfen ara yimezdaYen n TmazYa (Maghreb) s wakk ay-n yellan deg tgemmi-nsen
(patrimoine), werjin ad d-ffYen seg ḍḍeefan d tiggunẓit tadelsant (sous-développement culturel).
Ur yezmir ad d-yili wesnulfu wala tudert tadelsant n tidet mi ara tqeddec ddula akk-n ad ttun medden amezruy (ttarix) d yedles-nsen,
mi ara d-tḥettem fell-asen (u Yef yiman-is) lḥeqq d umezruy n tkellax, mi ara tbennu azekka n tmetti (société)
Yef tmucuha werjin nelli deg lweqt ay deg tejja ay-n yellan.
Ḍḍeefan ay yeḍeef yedles deg
tmura n TmazYa (Maghreb) u ladYa deg Ldzayer d ay-n ay d-yurew wemnae ay ttwameneent waṭas n tYawsiwin
seg seg wasmi ay uwyent tmura-a izurag-nsent (indépendances) : tamaziYt
teqqel deg rrif, maca daYen, tettuḥaṛeb tefṛensist yellan, ama nebYa neY negguma, d ttawil
yuYen aẓar deg TmazYa u d yiwen seg yilsawen igan leqran i yedles d ccfawat-nneY. Ay-a yerra idles
n tmura n TmazYa d igellil, yernu qrib ulac akk tudert taggagt (intellectuelle) deg yimukan ay teṭṭef ddula.
Axemmem yeddren, idles yeqqnen Yer tidet ttafen kan iman-nsen beṛṛa i tsuda (institutions) n ddula, ttilin-d
kan deg yimukan idergen i wallen n ddula, ladYa deg lbeṛṛani. Yagi, maci deg lbaṭel ara naf dakk-n
amur ameqran deg way-n d-itteffYen deg yedles d tudert taggagt (intellectuelle), itteffeY-d s tmaziYt neY
s tefṛensist. Ay-a ur yebYi ara ad d-yini dakk-n taeṛabt ur tezmir ara ad tesseddu idles amuddir, wanag
ssebba nettat iles-a, deg tegnit ay deg nella, ata-n gar yifassen n d wid yeṭṭfen tasertit (politique) d tesnakta
(idéologie) n ddula.
Akk ImazYanen (Maghrébins), ama d wid yessawalen s tmaziYt
neY d wid yessawalen s taeṛabt, ala d rrbeḥ kan ara rebḥen lemmer ad ḥesben timmuzYa d aḥric seg wayla-nsen.
Asmi ara mṣ̣alaḥen YimazYanen wagar-asen u ad qeblen tikkersit (complexité) d tenḍa (diversité)
n tmagit (identité) d yedles-nsen, ass-nni, tezmer ad teqqel TmazYa d tamurt n wesnulfu d unnerni. Tukci n wazal i tmaziYt
d ay-n ara yesqeeden assaYen (relations) gar uYerman (citoyen) d ddula ay t-iḥekmen. Amussu (mouvement)
n tmaziYt d win ay d-yeglan yid-s s ussutter n tuggta (pluralisme), n weqbal n wiyaḍ, n tenḍa (diversité)
akk d tlelli (liberté), ama d tin n wemdan, ama d tin n terbaet. Amussu-a yugi ad ttuḥettmen medden ad ddren s
ddaw n yiwet kan n tecḍaḍt, tin ara tḥettem fell-asen ddula u d tin ay izemren ad tYurr kra akk-n ad
sbedden leḥkem amesbaṭli. Tabṛat n umussu-a tban, ladYa deg Tmurt n Leqbayel : maci d ddula ara d-yesnulfun
neY ara d-yebnun « idles » i wegdud, yernu ay-nni ur yelli d idles wanag d timucuha tunṣ̣ibin (officielles)
ara qebleY mebla ma nniY-d acemma. S yisem-iw d aYerman ilelli, ttalaseY ad d-iniY d acu ay lliY,
d acu ay bYiY ad qqleY u ad bnuY ay-a. Tamagit-inu (identité), idles-inu ur llin ara, akk-n ay d-yenna
Kateb Yacine, d akaram (dossier) n lekwaYeḍ ay d-tga ddula, d win ay tettbeddil akk-n ay as-yehwa, ma d nekk ad
qebleY ay-n s tsusmi. Idles d ay-n ay d-tesnulfuy yal ass tmetti (société) tilellit.
Γef way-a, amussu (mouvement) amaziY ur yelli d win
ay yes bYan YimaziYen ad Yelqen Yef yiman-nsen, d amussu uḥṛis yerzan kan kra n wegdud, neY
d taYelnaẓri (nationalisme) tamaynut am tid-n akk yekkan : wanag, assutter amaziY d win ay d-yuwyen taYawsa
tamaynut, d tin ay yugaren ieeddan i tlisa n tmaziYt-nni s timmad-is, d assirem i lebni n tmetti (société) ay deg
tella tenḍa (diversité), ay deg medden mṣ̣alaḥen wagar-asen yernu maci d amnae, aḥqar d
wenkaṛ ara yesseddayen tiYawsiwin n tmurt. Ad tili tlelli tadelsant (culturelle) d tlelli i yiles amaziY,
maca daYen ad tili tlelli i wakk medden, acku wid yessawalen tamaziYt fehmen dakk-n ur zmiren ara ad ttwaḍemnen
yizerfan-nsen (lḥuquq) s tidet u ad dumen deg yiwet tmetti (société) ala ma yella d aYerman (citoyen) ara
yeṭṭfen leḥkem yernu amdan ur itteqqel ara ittedder u itteddu akk-n ay as-yehwa i ddula neY i kra n
terbaet yerran leḥkem d ayla-s.
Yettwakkes-d seg « Imazighen ass-a », n Salem Chaker
(tiẓrigin Bouchène, Ldzayer, 1990).
Tasuqilt sYur Omar MOUFFOK
kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn fra_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn fra_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn kab_Latn