Tifranin tiwamniyin (parlementaires) ay d-yellan deg Maṣer deg wass n 28 Nwembeṛ yezrin d tikellax. Amur ameqran seg Yimaṣriyen ɣunzan-tent. Maca ula d wid-nni ay iɛerḍen ad ttekkin deg-sent walan amek iduba (autorités) imaṣriyen ccuṛen isendyaq n tefranin s tuɣac n tkellax, xellṣen medden akken ad fernen widak ay bɣan nitni, ssagden medden akken ad ttekkin deg tefranin, deg tmiwa ay ṭṭfen wayt udabu n Mubarak, yiwen n wemdan yezmer ad yedɣer (ad yebbuṭi) ugar n yiwet n tikkelt, ma deg tmiwa ay ṭṭfen yikabaren n tenmegla (opposition), adabu yergel akk ibriden akken ur d-ttilint tefranin deg lawan. Ma d ssrabes n laman d aɛemmeṛ ay ttɛemmiṛen ɣer leḥbas wid ay ibedden ɣer yidis n yikabaren n tenmegla.
Hosni Mubarak
Adabu n Mubarak yegdel (yemneɛ) i yimanayen (observateurs) n lejnas akken ad d-asen ad ɛassen tifranin, dɣa d aya ay yejjan ikabaren n tenmegla (opposition) ad bnun aẓeḍḍa-nsen n yiɛessasen akken ad ɛassen adabu mi ara yeɛreḍ ad yeswaɣ tifranin-a. Ikabaren n tenmegla zerɛen igiman (luluf) n yiɛessasen deg tefranin-nni n tɣiwanin ay d-yellan yagi qbel tifranin-a tineggura, yerna iɛessasen-nni ssukksen-d s ttubut i udabu n Mubarak tukerḍa n tuɣac deg tefranin-nni. Maca deg tefranin-a tineggura (tifranin tiwamniyin [parlementaires]), adabu n Mubarak yegdel ula i yiɛessasen imaṣriyen ad ɛassen tifranin-nni, yerna d aya ay iledyen abrid i wayt udabu akken ad ccaṛen isendyaq n tefranin s tuɣac n tkellax yerna ad ffɣen i leqwanin n tefranin.
Deg useggas yezrin, adabu amaṣri yeldey cwiṭ anrar n tugdut, dɣa d aya ay yejjan Imaṣriyen ad afen abrid akken ad d-sseknen urfan-nsen, d acu kan, seg wass-nni s ass-a, adabu amaṣri yernerna amḥaq n wakk wid yettxalafen tamuɣli n udabu. Deg tḥemla-nni n tefranin-a tineggura, adabu n Mubarak yeɣleq qrib 20 n tregwa n ugensa (chaînes satellites), yerna yessuffeɣ-d lqanun ayyes yegdel (yemneɛ) i ttawilat n yisalan akken ad ḍefren tidyanin n ccṛeɛ. Adabu n Mubarak yeẓẓeɛ seg yeɣmisen-nnes amur ameqran seg yineɣmasen mechuṛen ay d-yekkaten deg udabu, yerna yesseḥṛes anrar n leqdic n tuddsiwin tirnabaḍin (organisations non-gouvernementales). Adabu amaṣri yeqqel yettɛassa ula d tibṛatin n usawal, yerna yuwey ɣer lḥebs ugar n 2000 n yimeɣnasen (militants) n tenmegla (opposition). Ibrahim Eissa, yiwen seg yineɣmasen-nni ay yettwaẓẓɛen, yenna-d: „Ɣef wakken nettwali, Obama yefka ttesriḥ i udabu amaṣri akken ad yeqqel ɣer tikli-nnes n zik“.
Imḍebber n tenmegla (opposition) Mohammed El-Baradei (ay yuwey Arraz n Nobel n Talwit deg 2005) iger-d tiɣri i lmend n uɣanzu n tefranin-nni ay ibanen ad ilint d tikellax. D acu kan, adabu yeggul deg kra n yikabaren n tenmegla, am wakken ay yetthem kra n yikabaren niḍen, dɣa d aya ay ten-yejjan ad ttekkin deg tefranin-a, ɣas iban ad d-tili deg-sent tukerḍa n tuɣac. Akken yebɣu yili, ugar n 3 n yimuren ɣef 4 seg Yimaṣriyen ɣunzan tifranin-nni. Ɣas akken, aneṭṭaq n Useqqamu amarikani n Laman Aɣelnaw, Mike Hammer, yenna-d “Iwunak Yeddukklen rran tajmilt i Yimaṣriyen ay yettekkan deg tefranin iwamniyin n wass n Lḥedd”. S waya, nezmer ad nefhem Washington tesseḍlam agdud-nni amaṣri ay yugin ad yettikki deg tefranin.
D acu kan, Hammer yenna-d Iwunak Yeddukklen “ttuxeyyben” “s tikli ay d-yuwey udabu amaṣri deg tḥemla-nni n tefranin tiwamniyin deg 28 Nwembeṛ”. Yerna yenna-d “Mazal nessaram ad nkemmel leqdic n wemɛawen ed unabaḍ [lḥukuma] amaṣri akked tmettit tazayezt [société civile] iẓewren deg Maṣer akken ad nessiweḍ Maṣer ɣer yeswan wuɣur tessaram ama seg yidis n tsertit, ama seg yidis n tmetti neɣ seg yidis n tdamsa, yerna ad taweḍ ɣer weswir [niveau] agraɣlan deg wanect-a akk”. Anabaḍ n Obama yesteɛṛef s tmetti tazayezt tamaṣrit ay la d-yettenkaren, yerna aya yettban-aɣ-d d taɣawsa igerrzen ma nquren-it ɣer unabaḍ n Bush. D acu kan, ur yessefk ad nargu tafsut, imi adabu amaṣri ur yelli deg nneyya-nnes ad yaweḍ ɣer weswir agraɣlan deg wayen yerzan tugdut akked tefrawant (transparence).
Tagduda n Tugdi
Adabu n Mubarak ɣer-s 30 n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi ay yeḥkem tamurt s “Lqanun n Lemḥirat”, d lqanun ayyes tettwaqmeḍ tlelli n wawal akked tlellyin tiɣarimin (libertés civiques). S lqanun-a, yettwagdel (yettwamneɛ) ɣef Yimaṣriyen ad gen tarbaɛt n wugar n 5 n medden deg wezniq, yerna akabar ur nesɛi ttesriḥ n udabu ur yesɛi azref akken ad yettekki deg tefranin. Ma d imeẓla (ssrabes) n laman n Maṣer zemren ad gen akk ayen ay asen-yehwan war ma iɛuss-iten ccṛeɛ. Ikabaren-nni n tenmegla (opposition) n tkellax ay uwḍen ɣer wemni (parlement), ur ssawḍen ad beddlen acemma seg leqwanin-a n wemḥaq; yerna imir-a, imi ay xeṣren ugar n yikersiyen deg wemni, ad qqlen ur sɛin acemma n tezmert. Anmeglay (opposant) amaṣri mechuṛen, Ayman Nour yezga-d d wis sin deg tefranin-nni n tselwit n 2005, sdeffir Hosni Mubarak, maca ass-a yettwaṭṭef yerna ḥekmen fell-as s 5 n yiseggasen n lḥebs. Ma d axxam n ukabar-nnes sserɣen-t azal n useggas aya.
Anmeglay (opposant) Ayman Nour
Deg wayyuren-a ineggura, aṭas n yimeɣnasen ay yesɛan iblugen deg Internet ttwaṭṭfen yerna ḥekmen fell-asen s lḥebs i wacḥal n yiseggasen ɣef ljal n ttehmat n tkellax. Deg wayyur n Yunyu yezrin, iɣallen n laman ṭṭfen yiwen n wergaz n yiweẓla (homme d’affaires) ay yettwassnen s weblug-nnes i lmend n tugdut, ssuffɣen-t-id seg yiwet n tneɣlust n Internet (cybercafé) yerna wten-t arma ay t-nɣan. Aya yessenker-d lmuja tameqrant n ccwal deg wakk timiwa n tmurt.
Ɣas ma yella aɣlif (ministère) amarikani n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa yesteɛṛif s wemḥaq ay imeḥḥeq udabu amaṣri tilelli n tɣemsa (presse), tilelli n tiddukla akked tlelli n ddin, maca anabaḍ (lḥukuma) amarikani – ama ddaw ukabar Agdudan [Républicain] neɣ ddaw ukabar Amegdu [Démocrate] – yettakf yal aseggas imelyaṛen n yidulaṛen n uɛawen i tdamsa akked yiserdasen imaṣriyen. Deg wussan imezwura aydeg yeqqel Obama d aselway, yuzen aneɣlaf-nnes n temḥaddit, Robert Gates, ɣer Lqahira akken ad as-yeḍmen i Mubarak aɛawen amarikani war ccuruḍ. Seg tama niḍen, taneɣlaft tamarikanit n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa, Hillary Clinton, tenna-d Imarikaniyen “ur cerrḍen” ɣef Yimaṣriyen ad qadren izerfan n wemdan deg wassaɣen gar Yiwunak Yeddukklen akked Maṣer deg wayen yerzan aɛawen neɣ ayen niḍen.
S waya, Imarikaniyen ɛewwlen ad ɛawnen adabu amesbaṭli n Mubarak war ma cerḍen seg-s acemma, yerna ula d Akabar Amegdu (Démocrate) yettkemmil tikli-a, ɣas akken d netta ay yesɛan tigti (majorité) deg Congress. Asmi ara d-yeqqel Ukabar Agdudan (Républicain) ɣer Congress, ɣas ad nebnu ad iɛawen Maṣer ugar.
Asmi ay llan Joe Biden akked Hillary Clinton d isinaturen, ɛerḍen ad fken lḥeqq i weẓdam-nni ay ẓedmen Yimarikaniyen ɣef Lɛiraq, yerna nnan-d “a win yufan, yessefk ɣef Yiwunak Yeddukklen ad ɛawnen leqdic i lmend n usseɣli n udabu aɛiraqi ed ussebded n unabaḍ amegday [gouvernement démocratique] deg wemkan-nnes”. Maca aẓdam n Yimarikaniyen ɣef Lɛiraq yelfa-d d axeṣṣar, yerna abdad n Biden ed Clinton ɣer yidis n tugdut d tikellax am “leslaḥat-nni n uhuddu s ujemmal” ay llan ttnadin fell-asen Yimarikaniyen deg Lɛiraq. Lemmer d tidet Biden ed Clinton bɣan tugdut ad tennerni deg Wegmuḍ (ccerq) Alemmas, tili ur ten-tettarra tmara ad dafɛen ɣef weẓdam, tuṭṭfa akked wemḥaq n Yiɛiraqiyen ay yettdafaɛen ɣef tmurt-nsen. Lemmer d tidet bɣan tugdut, tili ad ssutren seg unabaḍ amarikani ad iḥettem ccuruḍ iqesḥanen ɣef Maṣer akked yiduba aɛṛaben akken ad qeblen ad gen tifranin tilelliyin aydeg ara ttekkin aṭas n yikabaren.
Tamsalt am ta tettajja-aɣ ad nesseqsi iman-nneɣ: d tidet Iwunak Yeddukklen bɣan tifranin tilelliyin aydeg ara ttekkin aṭas n yikabaren deg Maṣer neɣ anda niḍen ? D tidet bɣan tifranin am ti deg wemkan n yiduba imesbaṭliyen ay ibedden ɣer yidis n Washington ? Iduba imesbaṭliyen am win n Mubarak nefɛen Imarikaniyen, ladɣa mi ara nwali amek Bush yesseqdec Maṣer asmi ay ad d-yuwey ɣer-s imeḍḍurfa inselmen yerna iɛetteb-iten s tuffra deg tmurt-a.
Aneɣlaf amaṣri n tɣawsiwin n beṛṛa yenna-d, s lejheṛ, ɣas ma adabu amarikani iwet-d deg Maṣer asmi ay tɛawed tefren “lqanun n lemḥirat” deg tefsut yezrin, maca adabu n Washington iga aya i wakken kan “ad ihedden tirebbaɛ n yizerdan n wemdan akken ttawilat n yisalan” deg Marikan, yerna assaɣen (relations) gar Maṣer ed Yiwunak yeddukklen “ur ten-yettaɣ wacemma”. Nesḥissif imi ayen ay d-yenna d tidet.
“Yiwen ur yeclig seg wayen ay la iḍerrun deg Maṣer”, ay d-yenna umeɣnas n tugdut Wael Abbas (ay yesɛan yiwen n weblug), yerna yenna-d ɣef tikli ay d-tuwey Marikan akked Maṣer: “Mubarak d ameddakel-nsen, yejja McDonald’s, Hardee’s akked Pizza Hut ad d-kecmen ɣer Maṣer. S waya, awer d-yeqqel weɣref [cceɛb] amaṣri. Ɣas ma yella aɣref yebɣa tugdut, Imarikaniyen ur cligen seg-s”.
Ma d abugaṭu n izerfan n wemdan apakistani-amarikani Wajahat Ali, mi d-yura ɣef Maṣer, yenna-d: “Iwunak Yeddukklen, ɣef wakken ay nettwali, ɛewwlen akken ad ɛawnen imesbaṭliyen ayɣef zemren ad tteklen yerna tteddun deg webrid-nni aqeɛdan ay bɣan Yimarikaniyen ad t-ḍefren. S waya, Imarikaniyen ur cligen ma yella llan yikabaren imegdayen [parties démocratiques] deg tmura timesbaṭliyin am ti, ɣas ma yella ikabaren-nni kkaten i lmend n wayen ayyes yettamen wegdud neɣ yebɣa-t”.
Tikkelt tawḥidt aydeg Iwunak Yeddukklen gan-as ccerḍ i Maṣer deg wayen yerzan aɛawen tella-d deg 2008, yerna ccerḍ-nni ur yerzi tugdut neɣ izerfan n wemdan. Aseggas-nni, tagensast tamegdut (représentante décmocrate) n Congress Nita Lowey ed yigensasen imegda David Obey akked Tom Lantos (ay yemmuten seg melmi kan) ggullen deg Maṣer ad as-sneqsen 100 n yimelyunen n yidulaṛen (seg 1,7 n umelyaẓ n yidulaṛen) ma yella yugi Mubarak ad yessejhed lḥeṛs-nnes ɣef Ɣezza. S waya, adabu amaṣri yeqbel ccerḍ n Yimarikaniyen yerna yuweḍ arma ay iwet yerna yeḥbes imeɣnasen igraɣlanen n yizerfan n wemdan (gar-asen llan ula d Imarikaniyen) ay iɛerḍen ad ssiwḍen ucci akked yisafaren i Yifalesṭiniyen ay yettwaḥebsen deg wakal n Ɣezza deg Yennayer n 2010.
Imsulta imaṣriyen
Qbel ad yeqqel d aselway, Barack Obama iwet-d deg uɛawen n Washington i Mubarak akked yiduba aɛṛaben imesbaṭliyen niḍen, yerna yenna-d: “Isaɛudiyen ed Yimaṣriyen ḥesben iman-nsen d imeddukal-nneɣ deg Wegmuḍ [ccerq] Alemmas. Iyyam-d ad ten-nḥettem akken ad ḥebsen amḥaq n yegduden-nsen, amḥaq n tenmegla-nsen [opposition], iyyam-d ad ten-nḥettem akken ad ḥaṛben asgufsu [corruption], ad ɛedlen gar yimezdaɣen-nsen, ad ṣeggmen asseddu n tdamsiwin-nsen akken ilemẓiyen-nsen ad lemden, ur ttɣimin d imdanen ur nesɛi isenfaren, ur nesɛi assirem; ur ttilin d imdanen iwejden akken ad kecmen ɣer trebbaɛ tiremmaɣin [tirebrabin]”. Maca nesḥissib imi asmi ay yeqqel Obama-nni s timmad-nnes d aselway, yesnerna aɛawen amarikani i yiduba-a imesbaṭliyen.
El Baradei yenna-d lemmer ad kemmlen Yiwunak Yeddukklen tikli-a-nsen akked Maṣer, aya yezmer ad yeg ifadden i tlalit n tsuta (ljil) tamaynut n yimeḍḍurfa inselmen, dɣa yenna-d: “Ala s uɛawen n yilellamen [libéraux], s uɛawen n yinemlayen uskiren [socialistes modérés], s uɛawen n wakk tirebbaɛ n tmetti ara tzemreḍ ad terreḍ imeḍḍrufa d uḍɛifen”. Ula d aɣmis n Washington Post yenna-d “wid ara d-ixelfen Mubarak yessefk ad yili wegdud yesteɛṛef yes-sen; ma yella ur ssawḍen s aya s webrid n tugdut, wid ara d-ixelfen Mubarak ad sqedcen taɣelnaẓri [nationalisme] akked teɛdawt mgal Marikan akken ad d-rebḥen agdud s idis-nsen”. Aɛawen n udabu ay imeḥḥqen agdud-nnes d ayen ay yesnernayen akṛah n Marikan deg wul n wegdud-nni, ladɣa deg wulawen n yimeḍḍurfa inselmen. Ula d imḍebber n wid-nni ay igan tinṭagin n 11 Ctembeṛ, Muhammad Atta, yella d Amaṣri ay yeqqlen d ameḍḍarfu ɣef ljal n tikli n wemḥaq akked wesgufsu [corruption] n udabu amaṣri ay yettɛawan udabu amarikani.
Aɛawen i lmend n tugdut
Deg yinurar n wuguren n tmeṭṭut, uguren n leqdic, izerfan n wemdan akked leqdicat niḍen i lmend n tugdut, Imarikaniyen fkan kan cwiṭ n yedrimen i trebbaɛ timaṣriyin ay d-yelhan ed waya akk. D acu kan, ɣef leḥsab n Tnegga Tamarikanit n Unnefli Agraɣlan (U.S. Agency for International Development), aɛawen n trebbaɛ-a n tmetti taɣarimt [société civile] d ayen ay d-yettawyen lfayda tameqrant, ugar n uɛawen n udabu amaṣri s timmad-nnes.
Maca, asmi ay yeqqel Obama d aselway, yessenqes aɛawen i trebbaɛ timaṣriyin n tmetti taɣarimt [société civile] s 75%, deg wakud aydeg ikemmel yettakf 1,3 n umelyaṛ n yidulaṛen i yiserdasen imaṣriyen. Michele Dunne ay yettekkan deg Tsebdadt [Fondation] n Carnegie, tenna-d: “Kra seg unabaḍ [lḥukuma] n Marikan nnan-d ur bɣin ad sserfun anabaḍ amaṣri s lemɛawna ay ttɛawanen tadamsa n tmurt-a”. S waya, qqlen Yimarikaniyen ttakfen aɛawen-nsen i tsebdadin ay iferrqen aɛawen-nni ala ɣef trebbaɛ timaṣriyin ay yeqbel udabu n Mubarak. Ɣef leḥsab n Safwat Girgis, imḍebber n Wammas Amaṣri n Yizerfan n Wemdan, assenqes ay yessenqes Obama aɛawen i tmetti taɣarimt [société civile] d “win ay inefɛen anabaḍ amaṣri, maca ur yenfiɛ agdud akked trebbaɛ n tmetti taɣarimt n Maṣer”.
Seg tama niḍen, kra n trebbaɛ timaṣriyin n tenmegla [opposition] ugint aɛawen amarikani “i lmend n tugdut”, acku ttwalint aɛawen-a yezmer ad yerr tirebbaɛ-nni timaṣriyin beddent ɣer yidis n Marikan deg kra n tɣawsiwin. Nnig waya, deg wakud aydeg Iwunak Yeddukklen ttɛawanen s yedrimen tirebbaɛ timaṣriyin ay yettnaɣen i lmend n tugdut, ttɛawanen, daɣen, adabu amaṣri akken ad yemḥeq tirebbaɛ-nni. Dɣa aya icuba tikli-nni ay d-uwyen Yimarikaniyen akked ddexxan: seg tama, anabaḍ [lḥukuma] yettṣerrif idrimen ɣef ljal n tḥemliwin i lmend n weḥbas n ukeyyef; seg tama niḍen, yettɛawan tikebbaniyin n ddexxan s yedrimen akken ur fellsent. D acu kan, aṭas n trebbaɛ timaṣriyin ay yekkaten i lmend n tugdut ay yettḥulfun anabaḍ n Obama yejja-tent.
Iwunak Yeddukklen ttɛawanen iɣallen imsellḥen imaṣriyen, iɣallen n temsulta (police) akked yiɣallen n yimeẓla n wumel (services de renseignement) n tmurt-a. Lemmer ad d-njemmel akk irgazen ay yettekkan deg yiɣallen-a n laman, ad d-naf kkan i umelyun yerna yal aseggas, Imarikaniyen ttakfen-asen 1,3 n umelyaṛ n yidulaṛen. S waya, aɛawen amarikani i Maṣer deg wenrar n laman d netta ay d ameqran akk deg umaḍal sdeffir n uɛawen ay ttakfen Yimarikaniyen i Isṛayil. Ttawilat iserdasiyen ay ttakfen Yiwunak Yeddukklen i udabu amesbaṭli n Maṣer yesnernay tizemmar n udabu-a akken ad yemḥeq tanmegla (opposition) yerna ad yeqqim dima ɣef yiɣef n tmurt, d acu kan, aya yesqamay-d imelyaṛen n yidulaṛen i weɣref (cceɛb) amaṣri, imi iɣallen-nni n laman yessefk ad ttuxellṣen, ad ttusleɣmun (être entraînés), ttawil-nsen yeḥwaj aṣeggem ed wethelli, yerna, lemmer d lebɣi idrimen-a akk ad ttusqedcen i uɛawen n wayt tmurt ixuṣṣen.
Tadamsa n lbaṭel
Imaṣriyen ttnaɣen i wakken ad sɛun tilelli tasertit, maca ttnaɣen daɣen i wakken ad ifak lbaṭel yettnernin ula deg tdamsa.
Amaṣri aẓawali irebbeḥ 6 n yidulaṛen deg wass, yerna aswir-a (niveau) n rrbeḥ ɣer-s ugar n 25 n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi ur yennerna, ɣas ma yella tameddurt teqqel ɣlayet s 4 n tikkal ugar deg 25 n yiseggasen-a ineggura. Ɣef leḥsab n Tbanka Tamaḍlant (Banque Mondiale), azal n wezgen n Yimaṣriyen ay yeddren deg lexṣaṣ. Amaṣri yessekcam-d, deg tlemmast, azal n 1000 n yidulaṛen i useggas. Ugar n 40% seg yilemẓiyen imaṣriyen ur zmiren ad krun wala ad sɣen axxam, yerna ur zmiren ad zewjen ula d zzwaj. Seg tama niḍen, simal itteqqal yewɛeṛ ɣef Maṣer ad tessecc agdud-nnes ay la yettimɣuren, ladɣa imi Imarikaniyen ḥeṛṛsen Maṣer akken ad tesɛu tadamsa yettuwehhan ɣer ussifeḍ (exportation). Ugar n wezgen seg wayen tettett Maṣer tessaɣ-it-id seg tmura n beṛṛa. Amur ameqran seg wucci-nnes d irden ay d-tessaɣ Maṣer s rrxa seg Marikan, yerna d aya ay yejjan Imaṣriyen ad ddren ddaw tecḍaḍt n Marikan ula deg wucci-nsen.
Acḥal n yiseggasen aya seg wasmi ay iɛerreḍ udabu amaṣri ad ihudd tadamsa-nni n tnemla (socialisme) ay d-yebna uselway mechuṛen Gamal Abdul-Nasser ay iḥekmen tamurt seg tegrawla n 1952 arma ay d asmi yemmut deg 1970. D acu kan, tikli-a n uhuddu n wayen yettwabnan zik tesnerna targadda (inégalité) deg weswir n tmeddurt n Yimaṣriyen. Ass-a, Maṣer tesɛa tarbaɛt tamecṭuḥt n yimeṛkantiyen ay iḥekmen amur ameqran seg tdamsa akked tsertit, yerna tarbaɛt-a ur tebɣi alday n wenrar n tsertit akken ad yettekki deg-s wegdud amaṣri.
Tikli tanaylellamt (néolibérale) n Mubarak tennerna deg teqseḥ-nnes deg yiseggasen n 1990, ladɣa imi adabu amaṣri yessenz ugar n wezgen seg tkebbaniyin n uwanak (ddula). S waya, qqlen Yimaṣriyen ur ḍminen imukan-nsen n uqeddic, qeddcen ugar n tsaɛtin yerna ur sɛin aṭas n lfaydat seg uqeddic-nsen. Anmalu (ssandika) n yiqeddacen ay yeṭṭef udabu ur yettdafaɛ ɣef yiqeddacen. D aya ay yejjan iqeddacen ad d-lhun s yimenɣi-nsen i yiman-nsen. Ugar n sin n yimelyunen n yiqeddacen ay yettekkan deg wugar n 3.300 n yisundiden (grèves), tikliwin, tuṭṭfa n lluzinat akked tmeskanin (timesbaniyin) timeqranin niḍen seg 1998 ar ass-a. Deg 2007, ugar n 3.000 n yiqeddacen n tɣiwanin ay yennejmaɛen sdat weɣlif (ministère) n tedrimt akken ad ssutren izerfan-nsen, yerna aya yejja anabaḍ (lḥukuma) ad yeqbel ad asen-yernu deg lexlaṣ-nsen yerna yeqbel, daɣen, ad asen-yefk azref ad d-sbedden anmalu-nsen.
Deg tefsut yezrin, d igiman (luluf) n yiqeddacen ay yebdan ttnejmaɛen sdat wemni (parlement) akken ad ssutren izerfan-nsen, ɣas akken imsulta (ibulisen) llan ɛerrḍen ad ten-ferqen s yiɣil. Amazan (député) Nashaat al-Qasas, ay yettdafaɛen ɣef udabu n Mubarak, iger-d tiɣri i wakken iɣallen n laman ur sseqdacen kan aman akken ad ferqen iqeddacen-nni, wanag yessefk “ad qerrsen fell-asen” s rrṣaṣ. Mi slan yiqeddacen-nni aya, refden ikerṭunen aydeg ugan “Ihi qerrsem fell-aɣ !”. Mi yimɣur umussu-nni, anabaḍ (lḥukuma) yeqbel ad yeḥbes assenzi n tkebbaniyin n uwanak (ddula), yerna yeqbel ad yefk kra n yizerfan niḍen i yiqeddacen.
Adabu n wegdud
Amur ameqran seg Yimaṣriyen sɛan ddaw 30 n yiseggasen. Agdud amaṣri imall seg udabu n tmurt-nnes ay tettɛawan Marikan, d adabu n wemḥaq n tlelli akked wesgufsu (corruption), yerna d adabu ur ngi qrib acemma ad as-yeḍmen i wegdud-a azekka icebḥen. Ɣas ma yella amur ameqran seg Yimaṣriyen d Inselmen yettḍafaren ddin-nsen, maca ur llin aṭas seg-sen ay yebɣan ad ten-yeḥkem umussu n Waytmaten Inselmen s yemḍebbren-nnes imɣaren, ɣas ma yella amussu-a d netta ay ijehden deg wenrar n tenmegla (opposition). Seg tama niḍen, ur llin aṭas n medden ay ibedden ɣer yidis n yimeḍḍurfa inselmen. Amur ameqran seg yilemẓiyen imaṣriyen qeddcen akken ad yili ubeddel akken ay t-bɣan nitni. Isawalen n ljib akked Internet ttajjan ilemẓiyen ad ɣren isalan ilelliyen, yerna d aya ay ten-yettajjan ad d-sbedden lmuja tamaynut n trebbaɛ ay yettnaɣen i lmend n tugdut.
Deg tezwara n useggas-a, yella-d yiwen n usarag (conférence) deg New York ɣef uzekka n tugdut deg Maṣer, yerna wid yettekkan deg usarag-nni nnan-d ahat ur yettɛeḍḍil wegdud amaṣri ad d-yeṭṭerḍeq ɣef ljal n wemḥaq n tlelli akked lbaṭel deg wenrar n tdamsa. Adabu amaṣri imeḥḥeq igellilen ay yessuturen izerfan-nsen, kullec irennu yettaɣlay deg Maṣer, asgufsu (corruption) yefka aẓar deg udabu, aɣerbaz simal ixeṣṣer, yerna aṭas n medden ur nesɛi aqeddic. D uguren-a akk ay d-yesnekren agdud tagara-a, yerna tikkelt tamezwarut aydeg ara tcewwel Maṣer am wussan-a deg 50 n yiseggasen-a ineggura. D igiman (luluf) n medden ay igan timeskanin (timesbaniyin) deg Lqahira, deg Teskendrit akked temdinin timeqranin niḍen, ɣas akken imsulta (ibulisen) ɣlin fell-asen s tyita, ḥebbsen medden, ttɛettiben-ten yerna meḥḥqen-ten s yebriden niḍen. Yezmer lḥal, deg Maṣer ara tenker tegrawla n tugdut ay d-itteddun, yerna ahat, ad yeḍru deg-s wayen yeḍran deg Filippin, asmi ay yeɣli umesbaṭli Marcos, neɣ deg Serbya, asmi ay yeɣli Milosevic.
Anabaḍ n Obama yesteɛṛef, ɣas ma yella adabu amaṣri imeḥḥeq tilelli, maca Maṣer teqqel tesɛa “timetti taɣarimt [société civile] iẓewren”. Maca El Baradei yesḥissif imi tikli n Yiwunak Yeddukklen deg Wegmuḍ (ccerq) Alemmas “ur tettwabna ɣef lemcawṛat, amsefham, aɛawen n tmetti taɣarimt akked ussejhed n wegdud, wanag tikli tamarikanit tettwabna ɣef uɛawen n yiduba imesbaṭliyen skud mazal apitṛul itteddu deg yijeɛbuben”. El Baradei, ay yuwyen Arraz n Nobel n Talwit, yenna-d: “Ma yella ad tettekleḍ ɣef yemdanen yerna ad tejjeḍ igduden s lekmal-nsen, ɣas bnu ɣef yiman-nnek ad txeṣreḍ. Yerna timura tutrimin [tiɣerbiyin] seg zik ttkalayent ɣef yemdanen, d imdanen ay yekṛeh wegdud-nsen yerna simal trennu tɣelli yes-sen”.
Iserdasen imaṣriyen
Aneɣmas amaṣri Eissa yenna-d, seg tama-nnes: “Obama ur la iḥeṛṛes Mubarak deg wacemma” i wakken ad yeḥbes amḥaq-nnes, yerna Obama “ur igir tamawt yiwen wass timetti ad d-teṭṭerḍeq yerna ad tesseɣli iduba-a imesbaṭliyen”. Ma d Daniel Clingaert (ay iqeddcen deg Freedom House) yenna-d tifranin-a “d nitenti ara aɣ-d-yemlen ma yella anabaḍ [lḥukuma] n Obama yebded ɣer yidis n unabaḍ amaṣri neɣ ɣer win n wegdud amaṣri”.
Maṣer d tamurt yesɛan azal ameqran. Tesɛa 82 n yimelyunen n yimezdaɣen (ugaren s sebɛa tikkal imezdaɣen n Isṛayil ed Falesṭin mi ara ten-id-njemmel). Maca mi ara nwali ɣer wanda yuweḍ wemḥaq n tlelli n udabu n Mubaak (ay ttɛawanen Yimarikaniyen), ad nettuxeyyeb s tikli n Marikan ay yegguman ad tbeddel deg wayen yerzan Maṣer. Nwala, deg umezruy, amek adabu amarikani yettɛawan iduba imesbaṭliyen, yerna aɛawen-a ur iḥebbes arma d asmi ara yessuter wegdud amarikani seg udabu ad t-yeḥbes. S waya, nettwali yuweḍ-d lawan ad nessuter seg Obama ad yeḥbes aɛawen-nnes i Mubarak, yerna ad yeg abrid i wegdud amaṣri akken ad d-yemsel azekka-nnes i yiman-nnes.
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