Mubarik Belqasem – مبارك بلقاسم
Murakuc, Dzayer ed Tunes d-cṛaḍt en tmura Timaziɣin yellan di Tefriqt Tagafayt aha yudsen Oṛoppa.
Timura ya msebḍant jar-asent es yibuda isertanen ed yinagrawen isertanen aha idamsanen. Maca yella waṭṭas ay ten yesmunan: tamagit Tamaziɣt, amezruy, tutlayin en Tmaziɣt ed Eddarija, timukras tidamsanin aha timettiyanin.
Afad (ḥuma) ad ssnen Yimaziɣen amec ɣa uyuren ɣer zdat yuccel asen ad ssnen addad imiran nsen ed tnumal en tmurt nsen ed tmetti nsen.
1) Takalirawt en tmurt:
Tallunt en Murakuc: 712.000 kilumiter amkoẓ.
Tallunt en Dzayer: 2.381.000 kilumiter amkoẓ.
Tallunt en Tunes: 163.000 kilumiter amkoẓ.
Murakuc yessajja ɣef Yilel Agrakal ed Ugaraw Aṭlasyan es yijen weftas dey-s 3119 kilumiter en tuzgert.
Dzayer tessajja ɣef Yilel Agrakal es yun weftas en 1557 kilumiter.
Aftas en Tunes tella di-s tuzgert en 1927 kilumiter.
Anezwi en ugafa en Murakuc ed ugafa en Dzayer ed Tunes d-anezwi Agrakal.
Anezwi Agrakal yettnumul es tegrest yemludan ay deg dd-iweṭṭa wenẓar. Aha deg yidurar ed tmura timattayin ed tfuɣalin iweṭṭa-dd wedfel. Deg unebdu yettili waṭṭas (bahra, kigan) en wezɣal ed tirɣi.
Agafa en Murakuc ed Dzayer ed Tunes yella di-s waṭṭas en taganin ed yizaɣaren izeyzawen. Zeg wakud aqbur la llan yimeksawen ttrasen aywalen nsen di tmura ya tizeyzawin. Tadamsa en tkassawt tirar ict (yat) twala d-tameqqṛant di tneflit tadamsant en yimezdaɣ en Tamazɣa tagafayt.
Deg yineẓrofen yella waṭṭas imeksawen Iẓnagen ed Yimuhaɣ ay ikessan ileɣman aha tteddaren yut tudert en yinig ed ugaji. Maca aṭṭas di-sen zeddɣen deg yiɣeṛman ed yiẓnigen.
Ca en 60% (sḍimraw di tmiḍi) en tmurt en Murakuc d-aneẓrof. Di Dzayer, 80% (tamraw di tmiḍi) en tmurt d-aneẓrof. Di Tunes, 50% (semmumraw di tmiḍi) en tmurt d-aneẓrof.
Urd (maci) akk timura oneẓrof dlant es yijdi (igidi, amlal). Aṭṭas en tmura deg oneẓrof waxxa uzɣent ɣemmyen deg-sent yicakan am wari ed kra isekla am tezdayin. Aha zeddɣen deg yineẓrofen kigan (aṭṭas) en medden. Kra en tikkal ttekken deg yineẓrofen yisaffan (iɣeẓran) aha llan dey-sen wanuten ed yiẓnigen izeyzawen ed yigelmamen en waman imiẓiḍen.
Es umedya, tamnaḍt Tamurakucant en Zagura (Tazagurt) d-tamnaḍt taneẓrofant maca zeddɣen dey-s 290.000 (sent en tmaḍ ed tẓamraw igiman) imezdaɣ aha tella dey-s tkerza.
Di Dzayer, tamaẓlayt en Ɣerdayt tella deg wammas oneẓrof Adzayri maca zeddɣen dey-s 400.000 (kkoẓt tmaḍ igiman) imezdaɣ.
Di Murakuc llant 2 (sent) en tegrawin idurar: idurar en Arif ed yidurar en Waṭlas (niɣ Dern). Idurar en Dern (Aṭlas) ttsiɣin ar ataram en Tunes ɣef webrid en Dzayer.
Zeg yidurar a ay dd-tteffɣen yiɣeẓran ed yisaffen akk am Melwect, Lukus, Sbu, Wansifen (Umm Errbiɛ), Tansift, Sus, Masset, Dra di Murakuc, ed Clef ed Yesser di Dzayer.
Asif (niɣ iɣẓer) en Mǧerda yetteffeɣ-dd zeg yidurar en Dzayer aha yettadef (yettekcam) di Tunes ard yessfey deg Yilel Agrakal ɣer yiɣṛem en Tunes Tazoẓẓent.
2) Imezdaɣ:
Oṭṭon imezdaɣ en Murakuc yiweḍ (yelkem) ar 35 ugendid deg useggʷas en 2018 (sin igiman ed mraw-ed-tam).
Oṭṭon imezdaɣ en Dzayer yiweḍ ar 42 ugendid.
Tunes zeddɣen dey-s 11 ugendid en yiwdan.
Iɣṛem (aɣṛem) ameqqṛan akk en Murakuc d-Anfa ay yellan d-tazoẓẓent tadamsant nnes. Anfa la yella d-ijen yiɣṛem d-ameẓẓyan aṭṭas ɣef Meknas ed Meṛṛakec ed Fas ed Wejda. Maca deg wakud en usehres Afṛansis-Aseppanyo yemɣeṛ Anfa ar ami yedwel d-iɣṛem ameqqṛan akk di Murakuc minzi (acku) tamguri tegma dey-s aṭṭas. Aɣṛem en Anfa ila asagen ameqqṛan akk ed unafag ameqqṛan akk en Murakuc.
60% en yisawuren ed yisikʷnan en Murakuc llan di Anfa. Es uyenni yettɣima Anfa isettef-dd imawuren ed yimahalen ed tedrawin ed tebzarin ɣer-s aha es uyenni Anfa imeqqaṛ ugar en yiɣeṛman yaḍnin.
3) Tadamsa en Murakuc ed Dzayer ed Tunes:
Tigmi tadamsant en Murakuc di 2018 ad tili 3,1% (kṛaḍ taccert ijjen di tmiḍi). Di Dzayer 3%. Aha di Tunes 2,4%.
Aseggʷas en 2019, llant taggunin ad dey-s taweḍ tigmi tadamsant en Murakuc 4%. Di Dzayer ad tili 2,7%. Di Tunes ad tili 2,9%.
Aɣbalu: IMF.
Asirew amuran azeyza (S.M.Z.) d-ayen tessirew kra en tmurt di tkerza nnes ed temguri nnes ed tdamsa nnes deg yun (ijen) useggʷas. Es tutlayt Tinglizt qqaṛen as: GDP (Gross domestic product).
Asirew amuran azeyza en Murakuc di 2017 yiweḍ ar 109 melyaṛ dollar (nominal GDP) niɣ 309 melyaṛ dollar (PPP).
Asirew amuran azeyza en Dzayer di 2017 yiweḍ ar 175 melyaṛ dollar (nominal GDP) niɣ 629 melyaṛ dollar (PPP).
Asirew amuran azeyza en Tunes di 2017 yiweḍ ar 39 melyaṛ dollar (nominal GDP) niɣ 136 melyaṛ dollar (PPP).
Imḍanen a zeg Wefniq Agramuran en Wedrim (FGD).
Tadamsa en Murakuc ed tenni en Tunes ttwaskant ɣef yimuɣlen imennawen:
– Takerza (tiyerza, tafellaḥt, tafedjaḥt).
– Afoṣfaṭ.
– Tagemrawt tilelyant.
– Amurrey.
– Asekki en yidrimen zɣer yimezwag izeddɣen di Oṛoppa ed Amirika ed Kanada.
– Tamguri tufsist am temguri tucciyant ed temguri en waṛṛoḍ.
Tadamsa en Dzayer tbedd deg wezyen nnes ameqqṛan ɣef uzenzi en ofetṛol ed ugaz agaman, maca aṭṭas ttmuzulen di tkerza ed temguri tufsist.
4) Oṭṭonen imezdaɣ en yiɣeṛman en Murakuc:
Di Murakuc ina d-oṭṭonen imezdaɣ di simraw-ed-semmus (25) iɣeṛman imeqqṛanen guncek tiṭṭant en 2014:
1 – Anfa Ameqqṛan: 3.359.000 imezdaɣ.
2 – Fas: 1.112.000 imezdaɣ.
3 – Ṭanja: 947.000 imezdaɣ.
4 – Meṛṛakec: 928.000 imezdaɣ.
5 – Sla: 915.000 imezdaɣ.
6 – Eṛṛbaṭ: 577.000.
7 – Meknas: 520.000.
8 – Wejda: 494.000.
9 – Qniṭra: 431.000.
10 – Agadir: 421.000.
11 – Tiṭwan: 380.000.
12 – Tmara: 313.000.
13 – Asfi: 308.000.
14 – Leɛyun: 217.000.
15 – Elmuḥemmadiya: 208.000.
16 – Xribga (Xʷribga): 196.000.
17 – Ejjdida: 194.000.
18 – Bni Mellal: 192.000.
19 – Ayt Mellul: 171.000.
20 – Ennaḍor: 161.000.
21 – Dar Buɛezza: 151.000.
22 – Taza: 148.000.
23 – Seṭṭat: 142.000.
24 – Bercid: 136.000 imezdaɣ.
25 – Lexmisat: 131.000 imezdaɣ.
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