Stephen Hawking, « A Brief History of Time. From Big Bang to Black Holes », Bantans Press New York, 1988.
Stephen Hawking, « Tadyant tawezzlant n wakud. Seg Big Bang ar yegḍan iberkanen ».
Tubbit n wedlis… (Tamuɣli nnaɣ ɣer Umaɣrad, isebtar 16-17).
Tamuɣli nnaɣ ɣer Umaɣrad
Yiwen wass, yiwen umussnaw mucaɛen (llan wid i d-iqqaren d Bertrand Russell) iga asarag ideg i d-yewwi awal ɣef isental yurzen tasnitrit (neɣ tasnagurt, tussna n waguren d yetran). Ihi yella yettmeslay-d ɣef wamek itezzi wakal ɣef tafukt d wamek tafukt (Iṭij) yettzayzey ɣef wammas n wegraw ameqran n yetran i wumi neqqar Tagalaksit nnaɣ. Ar taggara usarag, tekker yiwet n tmeṭṭut, d tamɣart, i d-iqqimen agemmaḍ nni n tzeqqa usarag, tenna-yas:
– Ayen akk i d-tenniḍ, i d-tessawleḍ deg usarag agi d timucuha! Acku di tilawt, w’ur as-nefri i ddunit d taleffast, tweṭṭa? Ur telli yara d tagnunnayt am akken a t-id-teqqareḍ, yerna ters ɣef ujeɣlal n kra n yefker aẓaɛluk!
Amsarag nni icmumeḥ-ed s tnefxa, yerra-yas-d:
– Γef acu i yers yefker nni aẓaɛluk a tamɣart?
Tameṭṭut nni, yuẓan di laɛmeṛ, terra-yas-d diɣen:
– Ttwaliɣ-k zun tẓewreḍ ay ilemẓi! Tzad ziɣ deg-k tiḥerci, ayendin mačči drus. Ifker agi, iniɣ ula d netta yers ɣef uzagur n yefker nniḍen i d-izgan ddaw-as, akka alammi d akessar!
Ẓriɣ d akken tugett deg-neɣ nettwali ass-a d tiseḍsa tamuɣli am ta n umaɣrad, zun yuli d lbaṛj ifekran yembabben wa af’a. Maca acimi ayen nessen tura yif ugar aya ? Ansa i d-yekka umaɣrad? Sanga i la iteddu? Wissen ahat ma ila beddu? Ma yeflali-d di kra n tallit deg yezri, d acu yihi i yellan send imir nni ? D acu-tt tigmi (nature) n wakud ? Ad yesɛu taggara ?
Amek ada, ayendin n tigrutin timaklalin iss i d-dlan deg wennar n tfizikt, ḍḥant-ed aladɣa s useqdec n wallalen imuyna d titiknulujiyin titrarin ilan ayendin n tsuraf yuẓan di tussna. Tigikana ttakent-ed tiririyin i kra n yiseteqsiyen agi yurzen timsal tidasilin n umaɣrad. Atan ad a d-yass wass ideg tiririyin agi zemrent ula d nutenti ad uɣalent d ayen ibanen, meḥsub d timbanin. Zun ma a d-tiniḍ ass-a d akken akal itezzi ɣef tafukt, neɣ d ahat d tiseḍsa am lbaṛj nni ifekran. Ger-aɣ d wass-nni, d akud, ay yebɣu yella, ad aɣ-t-id-immlen.
Seg useggas 340 send talalit n Yasuɛ aMasiḥ (sd. Y-M), afiluẓuf agriki Arisṭutil issers-ed deg wedlis yura « Ay yerzan Igenni », sin ifukal iseḥḥan i d-yeskanayen d akken akal ila talɣa tagnunnayt am takurt, mačči d aleffas, meḥsub ur iweṭṭ’ara. Di tazzwara iger tamawt d akken yalma a d-ḍrun wafsaxen n tziri, ttilin-d imir a yekk wakal ger tafukt d tziri. Imir nni, tili yerra wakal sufella n tziri tezga tettban-ed d timdewweṛt, werǧin i tt-nettwali d tamaɣudt. Ihi ayagi ur yezmir a d-yili akken i t-nettwali ḥaca ma yella wakal, d imibrin am takurt, d agnunnay di talɣa-s. Acku lemmer akal ila talɣa uḍebsi aleffas, yili ad yeg tili ɣef tjumma ufella n tziri a ad aɣ-d-ittbanen tkwal temmuẓẓel yerna s talɣa taglayant, am tin n tmellalt. Ḥaca ma d ay tella tadyant n wefsax n tziri tettili-d kan imir a tezg tafukt swaswa s deffir n wammas uḍebsi yagi. Aya izmer a d-yeḍru, maca yiwet n tikkelt i wagar n yigimen t-tikkal. Aya di tama, deg tama nniḍen, Arisṭutil d imadmawen n tallit nni t-teglest, gren diɣ tamawt d akken deg icalan n yegriken ttafen-d abrid nsen s yetri asfaylu, i d-yemmalen tanilla ugafa, yettban-asen-d d addayan ugar nnig ugemmaḍ, deg temnaḍin i d-yezgan deg wenẓul a i d-yettban deg temnaḍin ugafa. Imi itri asfaylu yezga-d nnig usfaylu ugafa, amannay deg wesfaylu ugafa a t-iẓer nnig uqerru-s kan, ma d win yellan deg temnaḍt usebges, a t-iwali yettelwiwic ɣef yiri ugemmaḍ. Almend n tmeẓla n imekwan (neɣ ulfuten), imḍulla (imbanen) ideg i k-d-ittban yetri asfaylu imir a t-id-tessikdeḍ si Maṣer neɣ si Tegrikt, Arisṭutil iḥseb-ed s temwaẓt tiseɣlit n wakal ad tili azal di tamiwin n ṛebɛa miyya yigimen (400 000) inurar. Ur nessin ara s tiseddi azal i d as-gan i teɣzi n wennar deg tallit nni, maca ncukk d akken tegda azal n snat tmeyyatin (200) n lmitrat (imitren). Ayagi yesseflalay-ed d akken adawan agi n Arisṭutil (80 000 km) ifal nnig wazal-is, akken i t-nessen ass-a, s sin imuren (40 000 km). Igriken sneflen-d maḍi ttbut (afakul) wis tlata iss i d-beggnen belli akal d imdewweṛ : Ma ur yelli d agnunnay, acimi yihi iɣerruba i d-iteddun ar lmerṣa (s asagen), ṭṭillin-d deg ugemmaḍ s tqacuct-nsen di tazzwara, syen ɣers simmal a d-ttaẓen, sekkud tettban-ed ciṭ ciṭ temṣukt nsen taddayant d wamek a d-iḍher uɣarrabu nni i d-iteddun s timmad-is.
(-ittaweḍ)
Dahman At Ali
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