HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) d Tangalt ig ttwasqedcen amṣuk n agbur n usebtar n web u as-id yefk anamek d iswi.amedya,agbur n usebtar innek yezmer ad yilli d amatu n tiseddarin neɣ d umuɣ tiẓunin.yezmer daɣen ad awiḍ tugniwin,tifelwin n isefka.mebla ma nekcem deg talqayt ululled,amagrad agi attafem degs aṭas n isallen iw sedduy n HTML.
D'acut HTML?
HTML ur yelli,deg tidett,tutlayt n usihel. d tutlayt n tarkkizt ittwasqedcen iw akken ad yefk tamṣukt ed unamek n ugbur i nebɣa a n wali deg asmel n web.llan degs iferdisen, imeẓliyen ara nesdukkel ɣer yal tamiwin n iferdisen iw akken ad yejbu unamek.ticṛaḍ tags id yezin ɣef awal naɣ tugna zemren ad sallin aseɣwen aflaḍṛis,ssers aḍṛis s iṭalik,ateg.amedya,s wayen id iteddun akka:
Amcic innu irfa
Ma tebɣam aḍṛis agi ad yilli deg taseddart,a ten sers deg yiwen uferdis n taseddart (
) :
Amcic innu irfa
Tacellaḥt n uferdis HTML
Mmuqelet akken iwata aferdis agi n taseddart.
Isegran imenzawiyen n aferdis nneɣ atenih:
- Taṛkkizt illin:degs isem n uferdis dagi (in this case, p), ger snat n taciwin.ayagi yemmal tazwart n uferdis. ,naɣ amḍiq i seg yesemdu.iw medya nneɣ,ayagi yemmal tazwart n uferdis.
- Taṛkkizt imedlen: Dagi ɣuṛnaɣ daɣen taciwin ed yisem n uferdis,i deg anernu tafeggagt timezlit send isem n uferdis.ayagi yemmal taggara n uferdis.iw medya nneɣ,ayagi yemmal taggara n taseddart.
- Agbur: D agbur n uferdis,dagi d aḍṛis kkan.
- Aferdis: Yesemdu s taṛkkizt yellin,s taṛkkizt imedlen ed agbur.
Iferdisen zemren ad yilli ɣuṛsen d « ayla » d ayen ittemcabin:
Deg aylaten llan isalen yernan ig wehan ɣer s aferdis u ur nebɣi ad ittwabeqeḍ akked agbur.deg medya yagi,ayla tadala yettaǧǧa aseqdec n isem i tukza n uferdis u isem agi nezmer a tenseqdec tikkelt nniḍen iw sersi n talɣa d wayen nniḍen.
Yesefk ɣef ayla ad yesɛu:
- Tallunt ger ayla d isem n uferdis anda aylaten zwaren (ma yella ugar aylaten)
- Isem (d isem n wayla),defir-is tadugamt n nned« = »
- Alday d amdal issilawen iw segrer azal n wayla.
Asmeckukkel iferdisen
Tzemrem a ttessarsem iferdisen deg fardisen nniḍen,d wagi i wumi neqqaṛ Timeckukkal.amedya,ma yella tebɣam ad seknem d akken amcic innek s tidett irfa,tzemrem a tessarsem awal "tidett" deg uferdis
, anamek-is d akken awal ad yers d amezwaru:
Amcic innu s  tiddett  yerfa .
Acu kkan tikkwal yesefk attḥadrem d akken iferdisen ad meckukklen akken iwata wa ɣer wa.deg medya izrin,a neldi aferdis  , dɣa aferdis  . akkin,a nemdel aferdis   dɣa a nemdel aferdis  . ma yella neseqdec angal id iteddun,ayagi ur iggerez:
amcic innu s  tidett yerfa .
Iferdisen yesefk ad ttwaldin u ad ttwamedlen akken iwata,ma yella zelgen,iminig ad yaɛreḍ ad yefren win iwulmen,ahat mačči d win i nettraǧǧu.deg wawal,ttif ad yilli umeckukkel n iferdisen i wata iw akken ur yettilli ara wugur.
Iferdisen ilemawen
Kra seg fardisen ur ɣuṛsen ara agbur.iferdisen agi isem n sen Iferdisen ilemawen.ma yella n keyed aferdis
agi deg ufaylu HTML:

Aferdis agi degs sin n aylaten maca ulac taṛkkizt imedlen
waya agbur agwensan.tidett,aferdis n tugna ur yettawi yara agbur,iswi innes d asekcem n tugna deg sebtar n HTML,deg mḍiq anda aferdis yettwasers.
Tacelaḥt n tateggart HTML
tura akka n wala kra iferdisen HTML azadur.ma ttwabḍan,ur wulmen ara.ansikked amek ara nesemlil iw snulfu n usebtar HTML anguz.anddu seg medya n ugbur yellan deg ufaylu amatar.html (id nesnulfa deg umagrad Sefrek amagrad:
Asadez usebtar innu
Atan d'acu yellan:
—adoctyp.deg tazwart n HTML,deg iseggasen n 1991-1992,idoctypen llan ttwasqedcen iw akken ad gen tamselyut i tigrummiwin n ilugan i nezmer a neseqdec i wakken aninni tateggart tella deg HTML « aɣbal» u ad yaf inezriyen n taṛkkizt.acu kkan,wigi ur ttwaqedcen ara assagi llan kkan iw akken senkeden asalḥuy n usebtar arnu iminigen iqbuṛen.ma yella tura,dayagi ig llan tmusni ɣef idoctypen.
—
aferdis  . aferdis agi ed netta ig segreren meṛṛa agbur n usebtar.aferdis agi tikkwal sawalen-as aferdis aẓaṛ.
—
aferdis  .aferdis agi yettwaseqdec am ukufi i yal taɣawsa yellan deg sebtar HTML maca ur llin ara deg agbur yettwabeqqeḍen.deg fardis agi ara nesers awal yufrarenkeywords ,yiwen uglam n usebtar ara d-yefɣen deg amsadday n unadi,iseɣwen ig teddun ɣer sifuyla CSS ad ttwasqedcen deg sersi n talɣa,alɣuten n wuraren isekkilen (character sets) ay ttwasqedcen ar taggara.
—
aferdis  . aferdis agi yella ɣuṛes meṛṛa aferdis i tebɣam attbeqqeḍem iw akken anerzuf a tiwali:ayagi izmer ad yilli d adṛis naɣ,tugniwin,tividiyutin,uraren ateg.
— aferdis agi yesbadu urar n isekkilen ig sefk ad ttwasqedcen i zzmam u ad yesken belli ed utf-8.utf-8 yesdukkel tagrumma n isekkilen yettwasnen yettwasqedcen deg tutlayin n imdanen.amatu utf-8 yettaǧǧa aselḥuy n adṛis yellan teseqdacem deg sebtar.ɣef aya i neseqdac urar agi n isekkilen acku yettaǧǧayaɣ a tenseqdec sumata deg yal iḥricen..
— aferdis agi yeskanay-ed azwel n usebtar innek.d azwel agi ara d ibanen deg iccer mara yilli asebtar innek yezdem.u daɣen d azwel agi ara yettwasqedcen deg glem n usebtar mara tent sersem deg ticṛaḍ isebtaren.
Tugniwin
I tikkelt nniḍen ansikked aferdis n tugna:

Am akken in wala tikkelt izrin,aferdis agi yettaǧǧa asekcem n tugna deg sebtar,deg mḍiq ideg aferdis ittbaned.tugna yettwasqedcen tettwasbad seg ayla src (iw ɣbalu) yellan degs abrid ɣer s afaylu n tugna.
Neseqdec daɣen ayla alt (iw alternatif) ideg yellan degs adṛis aɣ yeǧǧen an glem tugna u ig zemren a tettwaseqdec sɣuṛ uqedac ur nettwali tugna:
- Acku iẓṛi n sen ur iggerez ara.iqedacen ig llan d imakdawen deg iẓṛi seqdacen sumata imaɣran igdilen ig qaṛen adṛis n wayla yagi iw akken aqedac ad yegzu d'acut.
- Asku yella wayen yeḍṛan ndiri u degmi tugna ur tebeqqeḍ ara.amedya,ayagi izmer ad yeḍṛu ma yella abrid ɣer tugna ur iggerez ara : ɛarḍet attbedelem abrid n yellan deg ayla n wen src akken awen-id iban.ma yella abrid iggerez,awen-id yefeɣ waya:
Ayen iwumi yesefk astecfum dakken ayla yettwaseqdec iw glem n tugna.adṛis yellan deg ayla yesefk ad i jaǧǧew deqs n isalen iw akken ameɣri ad yeḥṣu amek i tga tugna.amedya,adṛis agi i seqdac-aɣ « Asadez tugna innu » ur yelhi yara maḍi.tifrat iwulmen d asersi « Turza Firefox ,ig skanayen abaraɣ s tajeḥniṭ degs times yezin iw akal ».
Deg tawuri n tugna innek,aselhu n udṛis ameslellay iw akken ad i glem tugna akken iwata.
Tazmilt: ugar isalen i takcumt,tzemrem a tesqedcem tigezmi Takcumt n MDN.
Ṛekkez adṛis
Deg tigezmi yagi,anẓeṛ kra seg fardisen HTML n uzadur iw ṛekkez n idṛisen.
Izwal
iferdisen n wazwel ttaǧǧan asbadu n kra idṛisen am izwal naɣ adahil n izwal iw agbur.akken yebɣu yilli,wigi teddun am akken adlis ɣuṛes azwel amenzawi: daɣen d izwal n yiɣef u d adahil n izwal deg iɣfawen,HTML degs 6 iswiren n izwal,
–
tugett d 3-4 iswiren agi ay qidden:
Azwel innu amenzawi   Azwel innu n tigezmi   Adahil innu   Adahil-udahil n azwel innu
Tura tzemrem a ttarnum azwel yemsasan iw sebtar n wen seg iferdisen agi.tzemrem a tesersem nnig uferdis
deg tateggart n HTML.
Tiseddarin
Am akken nezzegzi deg tazwara,iferdisen ,
ttwasqedcen iw akken ad yers degs tiseddarin n udṛis.attuɣalem aten teseqdacem nedzah iw sersi n udṛis deg sebtar:
Attan taseddart
Dagi tzemrem a tternum adṛis i tfernem mara tɣatasem Amek ara d yefeɣ wasmel n wen? tzemrem a tesersem adṛis n wen deg yiwet naɣ deg atas n tiseddarin,srid sdaw uferdis   .
Umuɣen
Amur ameqṛan n igburen yellan deg Web llan s talɣa n umuɣen.ihi HTML ɣuṛes iferdisen yettwasqedcen deg sebggen n umuɣen.tarkkizt n umuɣen degs yall ass sin n iferdisen.tiwsatin n umuɣen yettwasqedcen yall ass ed umuɣen yessuneḍen ed umuɣen wer-ssuneḍen:
- Umuɣen wer-ssuneḍen d umuɣen i deg tasunḍa n iferdisen mačči dayen yesɛan can taṛkkizt yettwasqedcen i umuɣen agi ed aferdis
.
- Umuɣen yessuneḍen d umuɣen i deg tasunḍa n iferdisen yesɛan can taṛkkizt yettwasqedcen i umuɣen agi ed aferdis
.
Yal aferdis n umuɣ yettuṛekkez akked aferdis
(list item).
Deg medya, ma nebɣa anbedel taseddart deg yiwen wumuɣ:
Mozilla, d agraw ageraɣlan i deg ttekkan degs itiknulugen , imedmayen , imsalayen ig qedcen akken...
Nezmer a neg:
Mozilla,d agraw ageraɣlan i deg ttekkan degs     itiknulugen   imedmayen   imsalayen     ig qedcen akken ...
Ɛarḍet a tternum umuɣ yessuneḍen naɣ wer-yessuneḍen ɣef usebtar n wen.tzemrem a ternum ɣer tugna.
Iseɣwan
iseɣwan ɣuṛsen can,ed nutnni ig gan d akken web ad yilli d azeṭṭa i deg nezmer an inig seg sebtar ɣer s asebtar.iw snulfu n useɣwan,iqqad aseqdec n uferdis—
—(a d tazribt i « ancre ») iw sseɣwel n udṛis ɣer s aseɣwan,ddut deg mecwaṛen :
- Ferenet adṛis (dagi neseqdac s udṛis « Ameskan n Mozilla ».
- Segreret adṛis deg ferdis :
Ameskan n Mozilla
- Awit-ed ayla herf iw ferdis   am akka:
Ameskan n Mozilla
- Deg wayala yagi,ernut aseɣwan ɣer s asmel ideg tzemer-eḍ att wahiḍ iqedacen:
Amaskan Mozilla
Γuṛwat atettum idis https:// naɣ http:// ig skanayen askari yettwasqedcen,deg tazwart n tansa.mara d snulfuḍ aseɣwan,skayad asebtar innek u tekki fellas iw akken attsenked-ḍ belli iteddu akken iwata..
href izmer ad iban yesewham deg tmuɣli-s.Tasefrayt ɣef wansi id yekka isem agi u ahat ak i sishel astecfuḍ : href yebɣa ad yini hypertext reference s taglizit,anamek-is s taqbaylit Aflaḍṛis Tamselɣut.
Mmur tgim ara,tzemrem aternum aseɣwan iw sebtar innek s umezga n isalen agi.
Tarayt
Ma yella tḍefṛem tiknutin usebtar agi,asebtar inek ad ifeɣ am agi yellan da (tzemrem daɣen wali da):
Ma yella twaḥlem,ur ttkukru ara semyif leqdic inek akked amedya yekkfan yella di Github.
Deg amagrad agi, ur d nugem ara deg talqayt n HTML.iw akken tamusni a ttilli telha,tzemrem a tterem s asbtar agi HTML Learning topic.
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