A5
Jizhina ja Lesa mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu
Bashayuka ba Baibolo baitaba’mba jizhina ja Lesa ja kyanji kyanji byonka byo janembwa mu bisopelo bina bya Tetragrammaton (יהוה), bitanwa bimye nobe 7,000 mu Binembelo bitanshi bya mu Kihebelu. Nangwa byonkabyo, bavula balanguluka’mba kechi jajingamo mu Binembelo bitanshi bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu ne. Na mambo a kino, mu ma Baibolo a katataka a Kizungu kechi babikamo jizhina ja Yehoba pa kutuntulula Lulayañano Lupya ne. Nangwatu pa kutuntulula byambo paji bisopelo bina bya Tetragrammaton kufumya mu Kihebelu, bantuntuluzhi bavula baingijisha kyambo kya kuba’mba “Nkambo” mu kifulo kya kwingijisha jizhina ja Lesa ja kyanji kyanji.
Bino Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya kechi byo byo aji ne. Mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu mutanwa jizhina ja Yehoba bimye 237. Pa kuba bino, bantuntuluzhi balangulukile pa bino bishinka bibiji byanema: (1) Mamanyusikilipiti a Kingiliki o tuji nao lelo jino, kechi o ene atanshi ajingako ne. Binembelo bijiko lelo jino, byalengelwe saka papita ne myaka bitota bibiji kufuma panembejilwe bine binembelo bitanshi. (2) Aba bakopolwelenga mamanyusikilipiti pa kyokya kimye, kampe pa bisopelo bya Tetragrammaton bapingizhepo kyambo kya Kingiliki kya kuba’mba Kyʹri·os kilumbulula’mba “Nkambo” nangwa kampe bakopolwelenga mu mamanyusikilipiti mo bafumishe kala jizhina.
Kavoto ka Bantuntuluzhi ka Baibolo wa Ntanda Ipya kataaine bishinka bya kuba’mba bisopelo bya Tetragrammaton byajingamo mu Binembelo bine bitanshi bya Kingiliki. Byo bafuukwilepo byaimenejile pa bino bishinka byalondelapo:
Mu mamanyusikilipiti a Binembelo bya Kihebelu o baingijishanga mu moba a kwa Yesu ne a batumwa banji mwajinga bisopelo bya Tetragrammaton. Kala bantutu bacheche bo bakananga kino kishinka. Byo bataana mabuku a Binembelo bya Kihebelu byajingako mu myaka kitota kitanshi kwipi na Qumran, bantu baleka kuzhinauka kino kishinka.
Mu moba a kwa Yesu ne batumwa banji, bisopelo bya Tetragrammaton byajinga ne mu Binembelo bya Kihebelu byo batuntulwile mu Kingiliki. Pa myaka yavula bashayuka balangulukanga’mba bisopelo bya Tetragrammaton kechi byajingamo mu Binembelo bya mu Kihebelu byo batuntulwijile mu Septuagint wa Kingiliki ne. Mu myaka kitota kya bu 20, bipimvwa bimo bya Mabuku a Kingiliki ajingako mu moba a kwa Yesu bebiletele ku bashayuka. Mu bino bipimvwa, mwajinga jizhina ja Lesa janembelwe mu bisopelo bya mu Kihebelu. Onkao mambo, Binembelo bya Kingiliki byajingako mu moba a kwa Yesu mwajinga jizhina ja Lesa. Pano bino, mu myaka kitota kya buna C.E., mu mamanyusikilipiti akatampe a Septuagint wa Kingiliki, nabiji Codex Vaticanus ne Codex Sinaiticus, kechi mwajinga jizhina ja Lesa mu a Ntendekelo kufika ku Malakai (po jajinga mu manyusikilipiti atanshi) ne. Onkao mambo, kechi twakonsha kukumya kuba’mba binembelo byajingako pa kyokya kimye, kechi mutanwa jizhina ja Lesa mu Lulayañano Lupya nangwa’mba Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya lubaji lwa mu Baibolo ne.
Yesu waambishetu patoka amba: “Naishila mu jizhina ja Batata.” Kabiji waambile’mba byonse byo nguba, ngubila mu “jizhina ja Batata.”
Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu byamba’mba Yesu javula waingijishanga jizhina ja Lesa ne kwijisolola ku bantu. (Yoano 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Yesu waambishetu patoka kuba’mba: “Naishila mu jizhina ja Batata.” Kabiji waambile’mba byonse byo nguba, ngubila mu “jizhina ja Batata.”—Yoano 5:43; 10:25.
Byo kiji kuba’mba Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu byanembelwe na lutangijilo lwa mupashi bebinungile ku Binembelo byazhila bya Kihebelu, kufumyamo jizhina ja Yehoba mu bino binembelo kechi kwafwainwe ne. Mu myaka kitota kitanshi C.E., mwana wa bwanga Yakoba waambijile bakulumpe ba mu Yelusalema amba: “Shimeona walumbulula bingi bulongo Lesa byo aalulukila ku bisaka bya bantu pa kimye kitanshi ne kusalamo bantu ba jizhina janji.” (Byubilo 15:14) Umvwe mu myaka kitota kitanshi kafwako wayukile jizhina ja Lesa nangwa kwijingijisha ne, Yakoba inge kechi waambile bino ne.
Jizhina ja Lesa jitanwa mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu. Mu Lumwekesho 19:1, 3, 4, 6, muji kyambo kya “Aleluya.” Kino kyambo kyafuma ku kyambo kya Kihebelu kilumbulula’mba “Totai Yehoba.” Mazhina avula aji mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu afumine ku jizhina ja Lesa. Mabuku amo alumbulula kuba’mba jizhina ja Yesu jilumbulula’mba “Yehoba ye Lupulukilo.”
Mabuku atanshi anembele Bayudea amwesha’mba bena Kilishitu Bayudea baingijishanga jizhina ja Lesa mu byo banembanga. Mizhilo ya Tosefita yo bapwishishe kunemba nobe mu mwaka wa 300 C.E., yaamba pa byanembelenga bena Kilishitu byo basokele pa juba ja Sabado amba: “Mabuku a Basapwishi ne mabuku a minim [o amonanga’mba a bena Kilishitu Bayudea] kechi beapulusha mu mujilo ne. Bino mwakonsha kwiasokela ponka po aji, pamo na bishinka bibena kwamba pa Jizhina ja Lesa.” Mu uno buku, batongolamo ne Mufunjishi Yosé mwina Ngalilea, wajingako ku ntendekelo ya myaka kitota kya bubiji C.E., amba pa moba akwabo mu mulungu, “bachibanga bishinka pajinga Jizhina ja Lesa [mu mabuku anembele bena Kilishitu] ne kwiafumyamo, bino basoka ashalapo.”
Bashayuka ba Baibolo bamo baitaba’mba kyamweka nobe jizhina ja Lesa jajinga mu Binembelo bya Kihebelu byo bakopolola mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu. Pa mutwe wa kuba’mba “Tetragrammaton mu Lulayañano Lupya,” buku wa The Anchor Bible Dictionary waamba’mba: “Kuji bishinka bya kuba’mba Tetragrammaton, Jizhina ja Lesa, Yahweh, jajinga mu mabuku amo nangwa onse a Lulayañano lwa Kala aji mu Lulayañano Lupya kimye kitanshi Lulayañano Lupya kyo lwanembelwe.” Shayuka aye George Howard waambile’mba: “Byo kiji kuba’mba bisopelo bya Tetragram byajingamo mu mabuku a Baibolo wa Kingiliki [wa Septuagint] Binembelo byaingijishanga ba muchechi itanshi, twakonsha kwamba’mba banembelenga Lulayañano Lupya, pa kukopolola kufumya mu Binembelo babikilemo bisopelo bya Tetragram mu byambo bya mu Baibolo.”
Bantuntuluzhi ba Baibolo bayukanyikwa baingijishe jizhina ja Lesa mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu. Bano bantuntuluzhi bamo baingijishe jizhina ja Lesa Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya saka akyangye kunembwa. Bano bantuntuluzhi ne mabuku abo ke bano: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, wanembele Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, wanembele Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, wanembele George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, wanembele W. G. Rutherford (1900); The New Testament Letters, wanembele J.W.C. Wand, Bishop wa ku London (1946). Kunungapo, Baibolo wa mu mulaka wa ku Spain watuntulwilwe ku ntendekelo ya myaka kitota kya bu 20, na ntuntuluzhi aye Pablo Besson waingijishe jizhina ja “Jehová” pa Yuda 14, kabiji tubyambo twa munshi 100 tumwesha kuba’mba jizhina ja Lesa jajingamo. Saka bakyangye kutuntulula ano ma Baibolo, binembelo bya Kihebelu byatuntulwilwe mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu kufuma mu myaka kitota kya bu 16 kuya ne kulutwe baingijishe bisopelo bya Tetragrammaton mu byepelo byavula. Mu mulaka wa ku Kijelemani, ma Baibolo 11 mo baingijisha jizhina ja “Yehoba” (nangwa mu Kihebelu jo banemba’mba “Yahweh”) mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu, bantuntuluzhi bana bo babikile jizhina mu tubizhiko kulondela pa kyambo kya “Nkambo.” Kukila pa ma Baibolo 70 a mu mulaka wa ku Kijelemani baingijisha jizhina ja Lesa mu tubyambo twa munshi.
Ma Baibolo o batuntulula kukila pa milaka 100, muji jizhina ja Lesa mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu. Milaka yavula ya mu Africa, America, Asia, Europe, ne makuji a Pacific bengijisha jizhina ja Lesa. (Monai mutanchi wa milaka uji pa mapa 1742 ne 1743.) Bantuntuluzhi batuntulwile ano ma Baibolo bafuukwilepo kwingijisha jizhina ja Lesa na mambo a byo twaambapo kala. Ma Baibolo amo a Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya bwina Kilishitu a katataka, nabiji wa Rotuman Bible (1999), muji jizhina ja “Jihova” bimye 51 mu byepelo 48, kabiji Baibolo wa Batak (Toba) wa mu 1989 wa ku kyalo kya Indonesia, baingijisha jizhina ja “Jahowa” bimye 110.
Kwa kubula nangwa kuzhinaukatu ne, kuji bishinka byalengela kubwezhamo jizhina ja Yehoba mu Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu. Bino byo byauba ne bantuntuluzhi ba Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya. Banemeka bingi jizhina ja Lesa kabiji bachina kufumyamo kintu nangwa kimo kyajinga mu byambo bine bitanshi.—Lumwekesho 22:18, 19.
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