ILYASHI LYA KALE
Ifipope Ifyayakenye Ifyalo
ILYO Christopher Columbus abwelele ku fyalo fya ku America mu 1493, imfumu sha ku Spain ne sha ku Portugal shatendeke ukulwila ukucita amakwebo muli ifi fyalo ifipya ifyo asangile no kulafiteka. E ico abena Spain batwele uyu mulandu kuli papa Alexander uwalenga 6.
IFYO ISHAMFUMU NA BAPAPA BAYAKENYE IFYALO
Na kuba ilyo ubu bwafya bushilabanako, abena Spain, abena Portugal, e lyo na baPapa baliipeele amaka pa fyalo ifyo balesanga. Mu 1455, Papa Nicholas uwalenga 5 apeele icalo ca Portugal insambu isha kuya mu kupansa ifyalo ne fishi fyonse ifyali mu Africa ku lulamba lwa Bemba wa Atlantic kabili bali no kusenda fyonse ifyalimo. Lyena mu 1479, imfumu ya ku Portugal, Afonso no mwana wakwe John, basaine icipangano ne mfumu sha mu Spain, Ferdinand na Isabella ico baleita ukuti Treaty of Alcáçovas. Muli ici cipangano, Portugal yapeele Spain ifishi fya Canary e lyo Spain nayo yalekeele Portugal ukulateka ifishi fya Azore, Cape Verde, na Madeira e lyo no kulatungulula amakwebo mu Africa. Pa numa ya myaka ibili, Papa Sixtus uwalenga bune alisuminisheko kuli ici cipangano kabili atile ifyalo fyonse ifyo bali no kusanga lwa ku kabanga na ku kapinda ka kulyo aka fishi fya Canary fyali no kuba fya calo ca Portugal.
Ilyo aishileba imfumu ya Portugal, John baishiletendeka ukumwita ukuti John walenga bubili. Ena atile ifyalo ifyo Columbus asangile fyali fya calo ca Portugal. Lelo imfumu sha ku Spain shena shalikeene ukusumina, kabili shaile kuli papa Alexander uwalenga 6 no kuyalomba insambu sha kuteka ifyalo Columbus asangile no kusangula abantu bonse abaleikalamo ukuba Abena Kristu.
Papa Alexander uwalenga 6 ayakenye ifyalo ukubomfya fye peni
Ilyo papa Alexander aumfwile ifi, abikileko ifipope fitatu. Ica kubalilapo atile “ukulingana na maka ayo Lesa wa Maka Yonse” amupeele, apeele Spain ifyalo fyonse ifyo Columbus asangile. Ica bubili, apingwile ukuti impanga yonse iyo basangile kale iyali amakilomita 560 ukufuma apabeela ifishi fya Cape Verde ukulola ku masamba neyo bali no kusanga, yali no kuba ya calo ca Spain. E fyo papa ayakenye ifyalo ukubomfya fye bopeni! E lyo icipope ca butatu, papa Alexander apeele icalo ca Spain insambu sha kuteka ifyalo ifyabelele ku kabanga ukushinta na ku India. Ifi papa apingwile fyalikalifye sana Imfumu John uwa ku Portugal, pantu abantu bakwe e lyo fye bapwile ukusanga ifyalo fyaba mu lulamba lwa Africa ukulola kuli bemba iyo beta ukuti Indian Ocean, kabili takwali icalo na cimbi icakweteko amaka kuli ishi ncende.
BAYAKANYA ICALO NA KABILI
Apo abena Portugal tabatemenwe ifyo Alexander apingwile, * John aile kuli Ferdinand na Isabella ukuti balanshanye. Uwalelemba ifitabo William Bernstein atile: “Apo ishamfumu sha ku Spain shabikile amano ku fyalo basangile ifya ku America kabili shaletiina sana abena Portugal pa mulandu wa kuti baali abakali, shalyumfwile bwino sana ilyo abena Portugal bafwaile ukuti bomfwane.” E ico mu 1494, bapangile icipangano ico baleita ukuti Treaty of Tordesillas ico basainine mu musumba wa Tordesillas uwaba mu Spain.
Ici cipangano basainishenye bakonkele filya fine papa Alexander alandile nomba baseseeshe umupaka amakilomita na yambi 1,480 ku masamba ya Cape Verde. Ici calengele ukuti Africa na Asia fibe fya calo ca Portugal e lyo ifyalo fya ku America fyaishileba ifya calo ca Spain. Lelo, ifi baseseshe umupaka calengele ukuti icalo basangile pa numa mu America ico beta ukuti Brazil cibe ca bena Portugal.
Ifi fipoope ifyapeele icalo ca Spain na Portugal amaka ya kuteka ifyalo balesanga no kuficingilila, fyalengele abantu abengi ukufwilamo. Na kuba, ifi fipoope fyalengele abena Spain na bena Portugal ukunyantilila insambu sha bekala calo abo balesanga no kulabacusha nga nshi kabili pa myaka iingi ifyalo fyalelwila ukulatungulula e lyo no kuba no buntungwa bwa kucita amakwebo ya pali bemba.
^ par. 9 Nga mulefwaya ukwishibilapo na fimbi pali uyu papa uwali uwa mafisakanwa, moneni icipande caleti, “Alexander 6 Papa Uo Abena Roma Bashalaba” icaba mu Ulupungu lwa kwa Kalinda ulwa June 15, 2003, amabula 26-29.
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