(1) Ninzi ncolyaamba Bbaibbele citondezya Mwaka Mupya?
Mu Kulonga 12, Yahuwah ulailila Muusa kuti:
“Ooyu Mwezi uyooba ngomwezi wanu mutaanzi kumyezi yoonse: uyooba ngomwezi mutaanzi mumwaka kuli ndinywe” (Kulonga 12:2, KJV)
Mubwini, tulizyi kuti eeci caali ciindi munsimunsi akweelana mazuba amasiku nokuba lisyuuka masamu 1, pele ino mbubuti Muusa mbwaakali kunga waandaanya “mwezi mutaanzi” mumyaka iicizya? Mbubuti mbwaakali kunga wazyiba kuti lino mwaka uyanda kutalika bupya? Hena wakeelede kuyaamika Mwaka Mupya azintu zimena kuzwa mubulongo (mbuli maila), naa wakeelede kulanga zili kujulu? Bbuku lya Matalikilo lilijisi kwiingula:
“Lino Elohimu wakati, “Akube mimuni mumweenya wakujulu uuvungumene kuti yaandaanye sikati kuzwa kumasiku, akuba zitondezyo, aziindi zyamazuba aabikkidwe ambali, amazuba aziindi zyamwaka. Mimuni eeyo ikkale mujulu akumunikila nyika.' Mpoonya kwakaba mbubonya oobo.” (Matalikilo 1:14-15, ISR 2)
Matalikilo 1:14 alasalazya mumulaka muubauba kuti zilengwa leza zyamumweenya wajulu zyakalengelwa kuba “zitondezyo zyaziindi zibikkidwe ambali, amazuba a myaka.”Kwiinanokwaambwa zintu zimena kuzwa mubulongo mucibalo eeci pe. Kunyina pe mu Mangwalo mpocaamba kuti matalikilo aamwaka ayelede kujanwa mukulangilizya maila. Kweezyeezya kuti Mwaka Mupya ujanwa kwiinda mukutobezya libizwa maila, eelyo kakuli Mangwalo alaamba cakutajokolosya kuti zilengwa leza zyamumweenya wajulu zyeelede kuba nzyezipima mwaka, ooku nkuyungizya ataala Jwi lya Yahuwah.
“Utakayungizyi kujwi eelyo Ime ndekulailila nokuba kugwisya kuli ndilyo kutegwa webo ubambe milawo yokwa Yahuwah Eloah wako ooyo Ime ngwekulailila webo.” (Amulange Ciibalusyo 4:2.)
“Kufumbwa Ime ncekulailila webo, langisya kuti ucicite; webo utakayungizyi nokuba kugwisya kuli ndilyo.” (Amulange Ciibalusyo 12:32.)
“Kufumbwa jwi lya Eloah lilasalala: Walo nintobo yabaabo babikka lusyomo lwabo muli Nguwe. Utayungizyi webo kumajwi Aakwe, inga Walo kayoo kukalalila, alimwi webo wajanwa kuti ulimubesi.” (Amulange Tusimpi 30:5-6.)
Zilengwa zilaa mpuwo ziluulwa, eelyo noziyiisya kubizwa kwamaila aaku Palesitini kuti ncecitondezya Mwaka Mupya, ooku kweezyeezya takuyeeme acibalo ca Mangwalo nociba cili buti pe. (Kuyungizya ali ncobayeeya kuti “mulawo wamaila” ncuutakonzyi kupima aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya, amulange cibalo cilaansi aawa, camutwe “ Twaambo Tunjaanji Mukubelesya 'Kutebula Maila kwa Mulawo wa Muusa.'”)
Lino mbotwajanina aakutalikila kubala alimwi kuti zilengwa leza zyamumweenya nzyezipima myaka, mubuzyo ngwakuti “Ninzi citola busena mujulu eeco citupa kuti tuzyibe kuti lino Mupeyo wainda alimwi Mwaka Mupya ulakonzya kutalika?” Nzila iiyandika kapati eeyo iitutola kucitondezyo eeco ilakonzya kujanwa mu Kulonga 34.
“Pobwe lyabutebuzi mukalibambe, mwaakutebula zilyo zitaanzi zyamaila, alimwi apobwe lyakutebula micelo mukalibambe kumamanino amwaka [H8622]. “ (Kulonga 34:22, KJV)
Lino, atulange bbala lyaci Hebulayo, lisanduludwe kuti “kumamanino.”
H8622 (tekufah) - “kuzunguluka, kuzinguluka kwaciindi nokuba mweenya, kucenguluka, nzila yakuzinguluka” (Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Dictionary)
Nokuba kuti tacilibonyi mpeenya eeco caambwa muBbaibbele lya KJV, ibbala lyakasandululwa aawa kuti “kumamanino” [Strong's H8622] lyaamba ciindi camwaka lyeelene mazuba amasiku naakunkumuna matuvwu masamu akataa mwaka. Eeci ncecaambwa mukaambo kakuti Pobwe lya Kubungana, eelyo lwaambwa kuti “Pobwe lya Mavwuka” a “Pobwe lya Zivwuka,” litola busena mumwezi wa Ciloba (Bapaizi 23:34)- akataa mwaka, kutali kumamanino aamwaka pe.
Ibbuku lya Encyclopedia Judaica lilazuminana abupanduluzi oobu.
“Mbuli mbokwaambidwe, zibeela zyamwaka wabu Juuda zyone ziitwa kuti tekufot [mubunji ziitwa kuti tekufah; H8622]. Mubwini, matalikilo aacibeela comwe comwe camwaka ali zyone eezi, kutobelezya bwaamba banjibanji, kuti ngamatalikilo- aayitwa kuti Tekufah (naakuti “kuzinguluka”, kuzyila kubbala קוף eelyo lisweene alya נקף , “kuzinguluka”), tekufah wamwezi Nisan caamba kuti zuba lilaa cibaka ciitwa kuti (vernal equinoctial point) naa mpaayelana mazuba amasiku, aawo mumwezi wa Tammuz mazuba amasiku naaimpana bulamfu ciindi ca mainza, mumwezi wa Tishri aawo zuba mpolili aciindi ceelena mazuba amasiku, ciindi likunkumuka masamu, alimwi mumwezi wa Tevet liimpana bulamfu mwamazuba amasiku ciindi ca mupeyo.” (Encyclopedia Judaica,Article “Calendar”,p.356)
Bupanduluzi bulaansi aawa bulasalazya eeco caambwa mu Kulonga 34:22.
“Pobwe lyabutebuzi mukandibambile Ime, mwaakutebula zilyo zitaanzi zyamaila, alimwi apobwe lyakutebula micelo mukalibambe akataa mwaka.” (Kulonga 34:22, Brenton's English Septuagint)
“Alimwi nywebo mukalibambe pobwe lya mvwiki, lyamicelo mitaanzi mukutebula maila, apobwe lyakubunganya kumacengulukilo aamwaka.” (Kulonga 34:22, Darby)
Aboobo, twajana zintu zitobela aawa:
- Pobwe lya Kubunganya licengulukila abutebuzi bwa Mwezi wa Ciloba (Bapaizi 23:34).
- Pobwe lya Kubunganya lijatikizya ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku lili akataa mwaka.
Ncintu cilaa maanu kutobezya zilaatala aawa kuti matalikilo aamwaka aswaangene aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku nozisyuuka zimena kuzwa mubulongo, eeci citola myezi ili cisambomwe kakutana sika kweelana mazuba amasiku eelyo masamu naakunkumuna matu. Kuti mapobwe aaciindi likunkumuka masamu kaali akataa mwaka mazuba amasiku kaayelana, nkokuti mapobwe aalisyuuka zimena ansi, eelyo mazuba naayelana amasiku ali kumatalikilo aamwaka.
Ncintu ceelede kubikkilwa maanu aawa kuti Pobwe lya Kubunganya liyeeme cigaminina aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku eelyo masamu naakunkumuna matuvwu; aboobo, kutegwa mulazyo wa Bbaibbele utobelwe, Pobwe lya Kubunganya lyeelede kubambwa mubuzuba buli munsaa buzuba bweelana abusiku muciindi cikunkumuka masamu.
(1a) Hena eeci cileendelana akuyandaula aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya kabwiindide buzuba lyeelana buzuba abusiku (vernal equinox)?
Nee, kutali lyoonse pe. Zimwi ziindi kubelesya nzila eeyi, Ipobwe lya Kubunganya inga lyabeda munsa lyeelana buzuba abusiku muciindi cikunkumuka masamu. Zimwi ziindi, nokuba boobo, Ipobwe lya Kubunganya inga lyamuka kusika kwa mvwiki zyosanwe kabwiindide buzuba bweelana abusiku! (eeci inga ciyooba ncecitola busena mu 2015, kuti nzila eeyi niyali njiyo iibelesyegwa.)
(1b) Hena eeci cileendelana akujana Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya wiinda kuba munsaa lyeelana mazuba amasiku?
Inzya, lyoonse mbombubo. Kubelesya nzila eeyi, Pobwe lya Kutebula inga lyoonse kalili munsimunsi nokuba aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku liya masamu naakunkumuna matu. Eeli Pobwe inga lyasika kufwamba akataa mazuba aali ciloba akkumi kacitana sika ciindi eeco. Alimwi inga lyamuka kusika kwa mvwiki zyotatwe kaciindide ciindi eeco. (Ooku nkweezyeka kupima; pele tatunajene ciindi eelyo Pobwe nilyakasika mvwiki zyotatwe kaciindide ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku, notubelesya nzila eeyi.)
Kukosozya kaambo:
Alikke aawo aapedwe mu Mangwalo aagantilwa Mwaka Mupya cabululeme, mpaaciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku naakunkumuna matuvwu masamu. Kulonga 34:22 kwaambwa kuti Pobwe lyaButebuzi (mumwezi waciloba uutobezya mwezi uubonwa) lyeelede kusekelelwa aciindi ca tekufah, eeco caamba kuti nciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku naakunkumuka masamu ----. Tacikonzyeki kubamba mulazyo ooyu kuti lyoonse Mwaka Mupya kuujanwa kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uutobela musyule lya ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku eelo masamu naakunkumuka matu----. Kuti twajanya Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya ulii munsi aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku ---- , nokuba boobo, lyoonse inga katweendelana amulazyo wa Bbaibbele. Pele tatulekeli waawa buyo...
(2) Ninzi balembi bamusela mutaanzi kuzwa ciindi ca Kristu ncobanga batwaambila amakani aa Mwaka Mupya?
Philo, Mwiiyi waci Giliki Mujuuda, ooyo wakapona katanazyalwa Kristu, muciindi ca Kristu, alimwi kamanide mulimo wakwe Kristu, wakalemba zinjaanji zijatikizya kkalenda lya Bbaibbele mumusela mutaanzi kaaindide Kristu. Muzilembedwe zyakwe ansi aawa, Philo ulazumina kuti Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena lijatene aciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku --- alimwi Pobwe lya Butebuzi, lijatene aciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku liya masamu naakunkumuka.
“Muciindi citaanzi izina ndyaakapa ciindi lisyuuka masamu akweelana mazuba amasiku, Walo wakabamba pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena eelyo lyeelede kusekelelwa kwamazuba aali ciloba, zyoonse eezyi nzyaakabikka, zyeelede kuti zilemekezyegwe mupobwe eelyo. Nkaambo Walo wakalailila kuti zipaizyo zili kkumi abuzuba, zyeelede kupegwa mubuzuba bwa mwezi mupya, zipaizyo zyakuumpa antoomwe zyisikila makumi ali ciloba kugwisyila zyipaizyo zyakuumpila zinyonyoono. Walo wakalanganya kuti, mazuba aali ciloba aapobwe eelede kweendelana a ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku eeco cisikila mumwezi wa ciloba mbweenya mbuli mwezi uubonwa mbuweendelana amwezi uubalwa.” (Philo, Special Laws I (181- 182) [Colson's Translation]) [Amubikkile maanu aawa: Philo, aawa waamba kuti ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku muciindi likunkumuka masamu cisikila mumwezi waciloba, mbweenya aMangwalo mbwaatondezya- Kulonga 34:22.]
“mweelwe waciloba ulapa mapobwe mapati aatola mazuba manji, mapobwe obile, aasikila muziindi zyobile lyeelana mazuba amasiku, lyomwe lyomwe, litola mazuba aali ciloba, litaanzi muciindi lisyuuka masamu kuti kusekelelwe kubizwa kwazisyango, lyabili mucilimo nokubunganyigwa micelo yoonse...” (Philo, The Decalogue (161) [Colson's Translation])
“...nkaambo lyakali pobwe lyaba Juuda muciindi ceelena mazuba amasiku cilimo, eelyo nocili cilengwa caba Juuda kukkalila mumavwuka.” (Philo, Flaccus XIV (116) [Yonge's Translation]) {Amulangisye aawa: eeci caambwa waawa caamba Pobwe lyaButebuzi, ndeenya liitwa kuti “Pobwe lya Mavwuka” naa “Pobwe lya Zivwuka,” oomo bana Isilayeli “mobaali kukkalila kwamazuba aali ciloba.” Amulange Bapaizi 23:39-42.]
Flavius Josephus, sicikolo mu Juuda waku Loma mumusela mutaanzi kaindide Kristu, upa mumuni munji kukaambo aaka akuyumya kuteelela kwesu. Josephus upa bupanduluzi kwaamba aayimvwi zuba kweendelana anyenyezi muciindi ca Pasika.
“Mumwezi wa Xanthicus, ooyo ngwotwiita kuti Nisan, uutalisya mwaka wesu, mubuzuba bwakkumi awone mwamwezi uutobezya mwezi uulibonya ameso, eelyo zuba nolili mucibaka ca nyenyezi ziitwa kuti Aries, (nkaambo ooyu ngomwezi iswe nitwaavwunwa kuzwa mubuzike buna Ijipita), mulawo wakali wakuti, iswe lyoonse amwaka tweelede kujaya cipaizyo, eeco Ime ncindaamwaambide kuti twaajaya liya nitwaazwa ku Ijipita, alimwi caali kwiitwa kuti Pasika naa Mulalilo...” (Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book III, Chapter 10, paragraph 5, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/complete.ii.iv.x.html)
Katutana amba cintu cijatikizya ncaamba aawa Josephus, kweelede kuteelelwa citobela: Nkaambo ka kuyaa bukwazamuka kwamulengalenga, kweenda kwazuba kweendelanya anyenyezi takucili ,mbukwaali mumazuba aa Josephus. Mumusela mutaanzi kaindide Kristu, ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku nicaali kutola busena eelyo zuba nilyaali kusika acibeela aali nyenyezi zya Aries (naa Mugutu). Sunu nokuba boobo, eeci ciindi cicitikila leelyo zuba nolili mubbazu lyanyenyezi zyiitwa kuti Pisces.
Atala aawa: Ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku mumwaka wa 31AD – amubikkile maanu kuti nyenyezi zya Aries zyili munsaa nzila yiinda zuba kutobela ciindi eeco.
Atala aawa: Ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku mumwaka 2013 AD- amubikkile maanu kuti sunu, nyenyezi zya Aries tazyicili munsaa nzila yiinda zuba kutobela ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku. Nyenyezi zya Aries zyakaatuka nkaambo kakukwazamuka kwa mulengalenga.
Nokubakuti tatukonzyi kubelesya nyenyezi eezyi mazubaano mbuli mbubaali kucita mumusela mutaanzi kuti bajane aatalikilwa mwaka, tulakonzya kubona ncobeni mbubaali kujana Mwaka Mupya kubelesya ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku.
Atulange ncaakaamba Josephus alimwi:
“Mumwezi wa Xanthicus, ooyo ngwotwiita kuti Nisan, uutalisya mwaka wesu, mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane mwamwezi uutobezya mwezi uulibonya, eelyo zuba nolili abbazu lya nyenyezi ziitwa kuti Aries, (nkaambo ooyu ngomwezi iswe nitwaavwunwa kuzwa mubuzike buna Ijipita), mulawo wakali wakuti iswe lyoonse amwaka tweelede kujaya cipaizyo, eeco Ime ncindaamwaambide kuti twaajaya liya nitwaazwa ku Ijipita, alimwi caali kwiitwa kuti Pasika naa Mulalilo...” (Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book III, Chapter 10, paragraph 5, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/complete.ii.iv.x.html)
Aawa, Josephus waamba cakusalazya kuti Pasika waali kusekelelwa ciindi eelyo zuba nilyaali mucibaka canyenyezi zya Aries.
(2a) Hena bumboni bwa Josephus buleendelana lyoonse akujana Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide kale ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku--- kuti mpaatalikila mwaka?
Nee, peepe. Kuti mumusela mutaanzi, bakatalikide kale kwaamba kuti Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku weelede kuba aatalikilwa mwaka, Pasika naakali kunga zimwi ziindi wasekelelwa eelyo zuba nolili mubusena bwanyenyezi zya Taurus (kulaale anyenyezi zya Aries). Zimwi ziindi eeyi nzila niyaabikka Pasika mubusena bwa Aries; alimwi zimwi ziindi pe.
Atala aawa: Mwaka wa 31AD -Kujana Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kuti mpaatalikila Mwaka kaciindide ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku nicaabikka Pasika (buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi uulibonya) mucibaka canyenyezi zya Taurus, kulaale a nyenyezi zya Aries. Eeci taceendelani abumboni bwa Josephus kuti zuba lyeelede kuba mubusena bwa nyenyezi zya Aries (mumusela mutaanzi) mubuzuba bwa Pasika. (Amubikkile maanu: eeci cilibonya kunsaa zuba tuusyi mwezi pe; ncizimweemwe camumuni wazuba mbuli mbuuboneka mumuncini uubweza cifwanikiso.)
(2b) Hena bumboni bwa Josephus buleendelana akujana Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku eelyo nozisyuuka zisamu kuti mpaatalikila mwaka?
Inzya mbombubo. Kuti mumusela mutaanzi, Mwezi Mupya ooyo waali munsimunsi kapati a ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku nozisyuuka zisamu, niwaali kubelesyegwa kuti mpaatalikila mwaka, Pasika naakasika eelyo zuba kalili munsaa nyenyezi zya Aries. Kubelesya nzila eeyi inga ceendelana abupanduluzi mbwapa mubumboni bwakwe Josephus.
Atala aawa: 31AD- Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati a ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku kumatalikilo aamwaka inga niwaabikka Pasika (buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa mwezi) mubbazu lya Aries, eeci cileendelana a bumboni bwa Josephus.
Lino atusanyangule cibalo cikondelezya kuzwa mubbuku lya Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History. Eusebius wakali mulembi waba Loma wakapona mumusela wamyaka 260A.D. kusikila mwaka 340 A.D. Mucibalo citobela eeci, walo wiinduluka kwaamba cili mubbuku lya Canons of Anatolius on the Paschal (Passover) Festival
“Pele ooyu tuuli muzeezo wesu, pele nguyooyo waazyibwe abaJuuda bansiku loko, katanasika Kristu awalo, alimwi wakali kubambwa kabotukabotu ambabo. Eeci tucizyibila muli cakaamba Philo, Josephus a Musæus; kutali buyo kuzwa kuli mbabo, pele kuzwa akuli bamwi bansiku lini kwiinda mbabo, Agathobuli 'Masters', a Aristobulus ulaa mpuwo, ooyo waasalidwe akataa basanduluzi ba Mangwalo aasetekene aaci Hebulayo bali makumi ciloba, bakasalwa a Ptolemy Philadelphus awisi wakwe, walo wakalilyaabide cakumaninina kusandulula mabbuku aa Muusa kubami mbeenya. Aaba balembi, kapandulula mibuzyo kujatikizya Kulonga,baamba kuti boonse beelede kupa zipaizyo zya pasika kwainda ciindi ceelene mazuba amasiku, akataa mwezi mutaanzi. Pele eeci cicitika ciindi zuba noliinda mucibeela citaanzi ca mulengalenga. Aristobulus ulayungizya kuti cileelede kupobwe lya pasika kuti kutali buyo kuti zuba kaliinda mucibeela camulengalenga eeco, pele amwezi awalo. Nkaambo mbuli mbokuli zibeela zyobile zyamulengalenga, cilimo alisyuuka masamu, kaziimpene mpoziimvwi, alimwi mbuli buzuba bwa pasika mbubwaabikkwa mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, kutalikila mangolezya, mwezi uunooli acibaka ciimpene abusena aali zuba, mbuli mbokubonwa eelyo myezi niizwide kumweka; alimwi zuba linooli mubusena mpolijanika ciindi lisyuuka zisamu, eelyo mwezi nuuli abusena mpuujanika cilimo.”(Eusebius Ecclesiastical History, Book 7,Chapter 32, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250107.htm)
Kuzwa muzilembedwe eezi, tujana makani aaya:
- Pasika tuukonzyi kuba kacitaninga sika ciindi ceelana
mazuba amasiku:
“. . . boonse beelede kupaizya zipaizyo zyapasika kaciindide ciindi ca kweelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu, akataa mwezi mutaanzi.”
- Mwezi uuzwide kumweka weelede kusika kaciindide ciindi
ceelana mazuba amasiku:
“Aristobulus ulayungizya kuti cileelede kupobwe lya pasika kuti kutali buyo kuti zuba kaliinda mucibeela camulengalenga, pele amwezi awalo. Nkaambo mbuli mbokuli zibeela zyobile zyamulengalenga, cilimo alisyuuka masamu, kaziimpene mpoziimvwi, alimwi mbuli buzuba bwa pasika mbubwaabikkwa mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, kutalikila mangolezya, mwezi uunooli acibaka ciimpene abusena aali zuba, mbuli mbokubonwa eelyo myezi niizwide kumweka; alimwi zuba linooli mubusena mpolijanika lisyuuka zisamu, eelyo mwezi nuuli abusena mpuujanika cilimo.”
Kulanga buyo ameso cilangikaanga eezi ninzila zyeenzu zyobile. Pele kusanyangula zyaambwa eezyi, ciyubununa buyo kuti eeyi ninzila yakupima nzitwaiya kusikila waawa iilondokede kapati, ooku nkokwaamba kuti Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu weelede kutalisya mwaka. Aawa kweelede kubikkilwa maanu amwezi uuzwide, uujatikizya Pasika aPobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena. Mwezi uuzwide mpaaleembwa mwezi woonse; amwezi uuzwide mpaakatikati kamwezi. Kuti mwezi uuzwide (akataa mwezi) wasika kumbele munsaa ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku eelyo lisyuuka masamu, nkabela Mwezi Mupya uutobela nguunooli munsaa ciindi eeco kapati. Tacili cintu cuubauba mbuli kubala mazuba akataa Mwezi Mupya aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku, nkaambo mazuba eeni taatondezyi kuti mpali akataa mwezi. Ooku munzila imwi nkokwaamba kuti akataa mwezi ncobeni (nkokuti mwezi uuzwide kumweka) taasikili mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi lyoonse; alimwi tabusikili mubuzuba bwakkumi abwasanu bwamwezi lyoonse. Mbutwaamba boobo, zimwi ziindi inga twalubuzya kuti katubala buyo mazuba aali akataa Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku. Kulomya kubona kuti zyoonse zyobile, Pasika (buzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi) amwezi uuzwide kumweka kazyisikila cainda ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku ngomusunko wini. Ansi aawa kuli cifwanikiso citondezya bwini eeco Aristobulus ncaakali kwaamba eelyo naakati,
“Aristobulus ulayungizya kuti cileelede kupobwe lya pasika kuti kutali buyo kuti zuba kaliinda mucibeela camulengalenga, pele amwezi awalo. Nkaambo mbuli mbokuli zibeela zyobile zyamulengalenga, cilimo alisyuuka masamu, kaziimpene mpoziimvwi, alimwi mbuli buzuba bwa pasika mbubwaabikkwa mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, kutalikila mangolezya, mwezi uunooli acibaka ciimpene abusena aali zuba, mbuli mbokubonwa eelyo myezi niizwide kumweka; alimwi zuba linooli mubusena mpolijanika lisyuuka zisamu, eelyo mwezi nuuli abusena mpuujanika cilimo.”
Atala aawa: Eeci cifwanikiso citondezya citola busena aciindi mwezi wazulila kumweka kaciindide ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku. Mweengwe wanyanzabili utondezya bweende bwa zuba amwezi kuzwa kulumwesyi kuya kululyo. Amubikkile maanu kuti zuba amwezi zyakakosola kale mweengwe waandula mulengalenga akati (mweenwge uusubila) alimwi zyiliimpene lino mpozyibede mumulengalenga, izuba kalili abusena mpolijanika ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu, mwezi kuuli abusena mpuujanika ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku cilimo, mbweenya mbwaakaamba Eusebius.
Eeci ncintu cikondelezya! Kuti twatalika Mwaka Mupya, katubelesya Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu, eelyo Pasika amwezi uuzwide kumweka nuusikila mpawo, inga twalulama kutobezya kkalenda eelyo Eusebius ndyaakalemba. (Ncintu ceelede kubikkilwa maanu aawa, kujatikizya ncaakaamba Aristobulus kuti ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu, ceelede kusolweda amwezi uuzwide kumweka wamwezi mutaanzi, inga camvwika aanga tacikwe maanu kuti Mwezi Mupya, uutobela ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku, niwali nguwo uutalisya mwaka; nkaambo inga mwezi uuzwide kumweka, uuli mumwezi mutaanzi, niwali kusika mvwiki zinjaanji kaciindide ciindi eeco. Nkaambo Aristobulus wakabikkila maanu kuti aambe cintu eeci ncecipa kuzyibya kuti zimwi ziindi mwezi uuzwide kumweka wamwezi mutaanzi inga wasikila aciindi cilaafwi kapati aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku.)
Amubikkile maanu aawa:Kuyungizya cakaamba Eusebius eeco cijatikizya milazyo ya kkalenda lya Bbaibbele, akulomya kubona kuti Pasika ulasika kaciindide ciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku ncintu cilaa maanu, nkaambo cilomya kutondezya kuti Pasika omwe buyo ulatobelwa mumwaka uli oonse (kuzwa kuciindi lisyuuka masamu kusikila kuciindi lisyuuka masamu).
(2c) Hena zilembedwe zya musela zileendelana akujana Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uutobela ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku?
Nee, peepe. Kuti twatalika Mwaka Mupya, mukubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku:
- ...zimwi ziindi inga eeci catonkela Pobwe lya Butebuzi kulaale kaciindide ciindi cakweelana buzuba abusiku, eeci ncintu citeendelani abumboni bwa Philo (nokuba Mangwalo).
- ...zimwi ziindi inga calekela ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku kuti cibe mumwezi wacisambomwe, eeci alimwi ncintu citeendelani abumboni bwa Philo (nokuba Mangwalo).
- ...zimwi ziindi inga capa kuti zuba libe munsaa nyenyezi zya Pisces (kulaale a nyenyezi zya Aries) aciindi ca Pasika wamusela mutaanzi, acalo eeci taceendelani abumboni bwa Josephus.
(2d) Hena zilembedwe zyamusela zileendelana akujana Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi kapati a ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku naakunkumuka masamu?
Inzya. Kutalikila Mwaka Mupya, katubelesya Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku (eeco cipandululwa mubululeme kuti lyoonse cibikka mwezi uuzwide kumweka aPasika kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku), alimwi ncintu ceendelana abumboni bwa Philo, Josephus, a Eusebius.
Kukosozya kaambo:
Bumboni bwabalembi bansiku butondezya kuti wakali Mwezi Mutaanzi uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu naakunkumuka matuvwu, kuti mpaakali kutalikilwa mwaka ( eeco cipandululwa mubululeme kuti lyoonse cibikka mwezi uuzwide kumweka aPasika kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku). Muntu takonzyi kuya kumbele kweendelana a bumboni bwa Philo a Josephus, kumwi kacilamatide Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku kuti mpaatalikila Mwaka Mupya.
(3) Mangwalo atondezya kuti izuba, mwezi, anyenyezi zyeelede kubelesyegwa kubamba akupima ciindi. (Matalikilo 1:14-16)
(3a) Notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi, ooyo uli munsimunsi kapati kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku naakunkumuka masamu, hena zyoonse zyotatwe zyeelede kubelesyegwa (izuba, mwezi anyenyezi)?
Nee, peepe. Bumboni bwa Josephus bujatikizya nyenyezi zya Aries mbuzyaaswaangene a Pasika mumusela mutaanzi bweelede kubikkwa ambali kutegwa eeyi nzila itobelwe.
(3b) Eelyo notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kutalikila aMwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku, hena zyoonse zyotatwe eezyi zyeelede kubelesyegwa (izuba, mwezi, anyenyezi)?
Inzya. Eeyi nzila ileendelana abumboni bwa Josephus kuti nyenyezi zya Aries zyakali kuswaangana aPasika mumusela mutaanzi.
Amubikkile maanu aawa: Nokuba kuti ciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku ciyaa kukunkulikila kuzwa kujwe kuya kumbo, anzila yiinda zuba nolitobela mweengwe waandulula mulengalenga akati, iyaa bucinca kuzwa kumazuba aaJosephus, tucikonzya mazubaano kubelesya nyenyezi kuti tulomye kujana aatalikilwa mwaka. Nokuba kuti kuli ziindi zimwi zuba nolikonzya kusika munsaa nyenyezi zya Aries muciindi ca Pasika, kanjikanji zuba lijanika munsaa nyenyezi zya Pisces mubuzuba bwa Pasika. Mazubaano, izuba lyoonse lijanika munsaa nyenyezi zya Pisces, eelyo buzuba abusiku nobweelana, alimwi munsimunsi anyenyezi zya Virgo ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu naakunkumuka matuvwu.
Kukosozya kaambo:
Notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo lisyuuka masamu, cileendelana aMangwalo, nkaambo cilajatikizya akweendelana abumboni bwamisela mbuzyaali kuswaangana a Pasika inyenyezi zya Aries mumusela mutaanzi.
(4) Kujatikizya bwiimpene bulamfu bwamyaka, tulizyi kuti kuli myaka ili ciloba mifwaafwi mukuzinguluka kwa myaka kkumi afuka:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
(4a) Hena eeyi Myaka ilabikkilwa maanu kuti twatalikila Mwaka mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu naasyuuka?
Inzya mbombubo. Oobu mbumboni bubotya zilengwa leza zya Mulengi. Ooku kuzinguluka kwa myaka, nokuba kuti takupi bumboni kunzila niiba buti, pele kulatutondezya aawo mpotubede mukucenguluka kwa myaka. (amulange cifwanikiso ca Metonic Cycle Chart.)
(5) Mwezi uyoobaya ziindi zyobile (bamwi ngobati “mwezi uusubila”) mu 2014 alimwi ziindi zyobile mu 2015 (zyone antoomwe).Hena inga eeci cintu citabonwibonwi kacili citondezyo kubasyomeka ba Yahuwah kuti njeeyi nzila iiluleme yakutalika Mwaka Mupya?
Mangwalo aloongomene kutondekela bantu kuzilengwa leza zyamulengalenga, aboobo ncintu camaanu kukosola kaambo kuti, ooku kubaya kwamwezi, mubwini, ncitondezyo cabulemu, kuti kuswaangana aMapobwe aamwaka tacili cilengwa leza buyo citola busena.
“Walo nguupa mweelwe wanyenyezi, Walo nguupa mazina kuli zinzyo zyoonse. Mupati Simalelo wesu alimwi ngusinguzu zyoonse, Kunyina magolelo aabusongo Bwakwe.” (Intembauzyo 147:4-5, ISR)
“Langa mujulu ameso aako ubone. Nguni wakazilenga zyoonse eezyi? Ooyo uuzyileta mumakamu mumyeelwe yazyo, Walo nguzyiita zyoonse mazina, kwiinda munguzu Zyakwe- kunyina isweekede.” (Izaya 40:26, ISR)
(5a) Hena ooku kubaya kwamwezi inga kweendelana a buzuba butaanzi bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena abuzuba butaanzi bwa Mavwuka mumyaka yobile eelyo notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi ceelana buzuba abusika eelyo masamu naasyuuka?
Nee, peepe.Inga ooku kubaya kwaswaangana buyo a Mapobwe aamu 2014. Mapobwe aamu 2014 ayoosika mwezi omwe musyule kakwiindide kubaya kwamwezi ooku.
(5b) Hena ooku kubaya kwamwezi kuyooswaangana a buzuba butaanzi bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena, abuzuba butaanzi bwa Mavwuka mumyaka yobile eelyo notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu nasyuuka?
Inzya. Ooku kubaya kuyooswaangana aMapobwe aamyaka yobile eeyi (2014-2015).
Kukosozya kaambo:
Inga bwaba buyamba kuti bantu basyomeka ba Yahuwah tiibalanganya zitondezyo eezyi zyitola busena mumulengalenga mumazubaano aacaalizya. Ndijanza lyokwa Yahuwah liimikizya akweendelezya zintu zyoonse mumulengalenga. Mumawoola aamamanino aaya, basyomwa ba Yahuwah beelede kubikkila maanu kapati akulangisya zyili zyoonse zyitola busena mujulu.
“Alimwi Ime njookutondezya maleele mujulu, azitondezyo anyika ansi; bulowa, amulilo, abusi buunduluka: Izuba liyoosanduka akuba musinze, alimwi mwezi uyooba mbuli bulowa, kabutana sika buzuba bupati alimwi butaambiki bwa Simalelo wesu.” (Amulange Milimo 2:19-20).
Amubikkile maanu aawa: Eeci tatwaambi kuti mbobumboni bwakutobela nzila yakutalikila Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi kapati aciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu naasyuuka kuti mpaatalikilwa Mwaka pe, nkaambo kwakainda ziindi zinjaanji musyule eelyo mwezi niwaabaya (mbuli mu 1967-1968) eezyo zyakali kukonzya kuswaangana amapobwe aabelesya nzila eeyi. Pele ncintu cikondelezya kubikkila maanu kucintu citola busena eeci.
(1) Mubuzyo/kukazya: Kuti Mwezi mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati a ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo amasamu naasyuuka kuuli aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya ncobeni, mbubuti mbotunga twazyiba kacitana sika ciindi eeco kuti nguli Mwezi Mupya unooli munsimunsi kapati aciindi eeco?
KWIINGULA: Eeyi mibuzyo mibotu kapati.Taakwe kudonaika kuti basyomeka bana Isilayeli bakeelede kuzyiba kacitaninga sika ciindi ca Pasika. Mumyaka eeyo Pasika niwaali kusikila munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu (mubuzuba butobela), bana Isilayeli bakali kukkala anze amunzi wa Jelusalema bakali kutalika musinzo wabo kacitaninga sika ciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku. Tacili cintu cizyibidwe lino kuti bakali kuzyiba buti kuti ciindi eeco caswena kujatikizya Myezi Mipya kutegwa bagante eeni aatalikilwa mwaka. Cintu comwe cili masimpe, nokuba boobo: bana Isilayeli bansiku bakalizyi citaambiki bweende bwazyintu mumulengalenga. Iswe notupona mazubaano, aluzyibo ndotujisi kwiinda mumincini tuyaabuswena buyo aluzyibo oolo lwaazyibidwe kumuntu uli oonse muciindi cabana Isilayeli.
Kubula luzyibo kwesu, mazubaano, mbumboni bwakusweekelwa luzyibo kwiinda mukuzanga akukaka kuteelela. Kwaalilwa kuteelela bweende bwazintu mumulengalenga mbuli bantu bansiku mbubaazyi kale, tacilesyi kuti bumboni buyaakuyubunuka bwakuti Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati a ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku, eelyo masamu naasyuuka, nguutalisya mwaka wa Bbaibbele.
Ambweni bakali kubala buyo mazuba aali mwaanda amakumi lusele2 kuzwa aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku [masamu naakunkumuka matuvwu] kutegwa babaa muzeezo kuti ciindi citobela cabuzuba bweelana abusiku, eeco lisyuuka masamu kuti cisika lili, nkabela akupima aawo ayoosikila Myezi Mipya kujatikizya kubala kwabo ooko. Mukonzyanyo uupedwe ngooyu, kuti ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku, eelyo masamu naakunkumuka matuvwu kacili caasika mubuzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Mavwuka (bwakkumi abwasanu bwamwezi waciloba), bakali kukonzya kupima munzila iitobela:
- Mazuba mwaanda amakumi lusele (180)= mweelwe wamazuba aakataa ciindi buzuba bweelana abusiku muciindi masamu naakunkumuka matuvwu kusikila ciindi masamu naasyuuka alimwi buzuba kabweelana abusiku.
- Mazuba mwaanda amakumi lusele (180 - kugwisyila mazuba kkumi awosanwe (15) mazuba aceede mumwezi waciloba)= mazuba aali mwaanda makumi cisambomwe awosanwe (165) aceede kusikila ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu kaasyuuka, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya wamwezi walusele. Nkokuti 180-15=165 mazuba aceede.
- Mazuba aali mwaanda makumi cisambomwe awosanwe (165) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5) = mazuba mwaanda makumi otatwe awosanwe akwiinda akati bomwe (135.5) aceede mumwaka kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lusyuuka masamu, mubuzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya wamwezi wafuka (9th). Nkukuti 165-29.5=135.5 mazuba aceede.
- Mazuba mwaanda makumi otatwe awosanwe akwiinda akati bomwe (135.5) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5)= mazuba mwaanda acisambomwe (106) aceede mumwaka kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lusyuuka masamu, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi wakkumi (10th). Nkukuti 135.5-29.5=106 mazuba aceede.
- Mazuba mwaanda acisambomwe (106) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5)= mazuba makumi ciloba acisambomwe akwiinda akati bomwe (76.5), aceede kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lusyuuka masamu, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi wakkumi aumwi (11th). Nkokui 106-29.5=76.5 mazuba aceede.
- Mazuba makumi ciloba acisambomwe akwiinda akati bomwe (76.5) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5) = mazuba makumi one aciloba (47), aceede kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lisyuuka masamu, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi wakkumi aibili (12th). Nkokuti 76.5-29.5=47 mazuba aceede.
- Mazuba makumi one aciloba (47) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5)= mazuba kkumi aciloba akwiinda akati bomwe (17.5) aceede kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lisyuuka masamu, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi uutobela. Nkokuti 47-29.5=17.5 mazuba aceede.
- Nkaambo mazuba aali kkumi
aciloba akwiinda akati bomwe (17.5) alaindilizya amazuba aali kkumi awone
(14.77) , nkokuti kwiinda akati mwezi omwe, ooyu inga waba mwezi wakkumi aitatu
(13th), alimwi nkokuti Mwezi Mupya (uusikila mumazuba aali kkumi
aabili (12) kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu)
mpaatalikila Mwaka Mupya.
Amubikkile maanu aawa: Kufumbwa kuti mpomubede mumyaka ili kkumi afuka (Metonic Cycle) mwaazyiba bwini, mweelwe wamyezi icili kumbelaa mazuba, (nkokuti aatalikilwa mwaka omwe omwe) inga mwaazyiba kacitaninga sika ciindi eeco.
Kupima ciindi mumusyobo ooyu inga tiimwayimpya kujana aatalikilwa mwaka eelyo ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu nicaali kusikila munsaa mwezi uuzwide kumweka akataa mwezi, pele alimwi, luzyibo lwabo lwajulu nilwaali kwiinda ndotujisi mazubaano. Ncintu ncotunga twainduluka kwaamba kuti kwaalilwa kwesu kuteelela bweenda zilengwa leza mumulengalenga mbuli bantu bansiku, tacilesyi bumboni bwakuti Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu, mpaatalikilwa mwaka wa Bbaibbele.
(2) Mubuzyo/ kukazya: Philo waamba kuti “matalikilo” aaciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu nceciindi citalika mwaka mutaanzi wa Bbaibbele. Hena eeci tacaambi kuti Mwezi Mupya kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu mpaatalikila mwaka?
“Muusa wakasimpa ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu kuti mpaatalikilwa mwaka mutaanzi wamwaka, akupa bulemu, kuleka mbuli bamwi mbobacitila kucenguluka kwamwaka, pele kupeda bulemu kububotu bwa zilengwa leza oobo bumunikila bantu... Kutobelezya, mumwezi ooyu, mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa mwezi, eelyo mwezi nuuyanda kuzulila kumweka, ipobwe lyanyika yoonse lya pasika nolisekelelwa. . .” (Philo. On The Life of Moses II, Section XLI (222-224),http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/yonge/book25.html)
KWIINGULA: Ooyu mubuzyo mubotu kapati. (Nkamu ya WLC ayalo yakaambide cintu cilubide acintu eeci kumatalikilo.) Kuti twalanga buyo, cilibonyaanga Philo waamba kuti mwezi mutaanzi wamwaka utalikila ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. Philo, aawa taambi myezi iitobezya mwezi uulibonya pe, nokuba boobo; bweende bwamyezi tabukwe makani aasikila ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. Philo, aawa, waamba myezi iitobezya bweende bwazuba, kutali iitobezya bweende bwa mwezi. Mwezi uutobezya bweende bwazuba upimwa kutobezya aabede zuba mumulengalenga; mwezi mutaanzi utobezya bweende bwazuba aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. Mumazuba aa Philo, mwezi mutaanzi uutobezya bweende bwazuba wakali nyenyezi zya Aries (mbuli bwaamba Josephus), akutobelwa a Taurus, Gemini aimwi. Mwezi mutaanzi uutobezya zuba wakali kutalikila ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.
Mucibalo eeci, Philo uya kumbele kwaamba kuti “mumwezi ooyu, mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi,. . .ipobwe lya pasika nolisekelelwa.” Aawa Philo wiinduluka kwaamba ncitwakaiya kuzwa kuli Josephus: Pasika (buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi mutaanzi), bwakali kusekelelwa mumwezi mutaanzi uutobezya bweende bwazuba (eelyo zuba nolyakali mubbazu lyanyenyezi zya Aries). Aaka kaambo kunyina ncokaamba mukupima Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.
(3) Mubuzyo/Kukazya: Philo waamba kuti myezi yakali kupimwa kuzwa “aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.” Hena eeci tacaambi kuti Mwezi Mupya ooyo uusika kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu nguutalisya mwaka?
“(Mangwalo) alaamba cakusalazya kutalikila amulongo wamyezi kuzyila aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. Alimwi (ooyu mwezi) waambwa kuti ngo “mutaanzi” alimwi “mpaatalikilwa” mulongo wamyezi, nkaambo eezyi zyaambwa zyoonse zilapandululana, mbuli mbocaamba kuti mutaanzi mubweende amunguzu; mbweenya acalo ciindi kuzyila aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu, cilibonya kuti nciindi citaanzi mumulongo amunguzu, mbeenya mbuli mutwe (mbuuli matalikilo) aacintu cizumi. Alimwi aabo bakaiya zilengwa leza zyamumulengalenga mbibaapa zina eeli kuciindi eeco. Nkaambo baita Mugutu kuti ngomutwe wamulongo wanyenyezi nkaambo zuba nolili mubbazu lyamugutu libonekaanga nolileta ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.” (Philo, Supplement II,Questions and Answers on Exodus, translated by Ralph Marcus, Ph.D., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA:, 1953, pp. 2-3.)
KWIINGULA: Aawa alimwi, Philo taambi mulongo wamyezi iitobezya mwezi uulibonya pe, pele mulongo wamyezi iitobezya bweende bwazuba, eeyo njotwabandika kale mucibalo cainda, oomo Philo mwaambilizya mbunga yanyenyezi zya Aries, “Mugutu mutwe wa nyenyezi,” walo ooyo mumusela mutaanzi, wakali mwezi mutaanzi wamyaka iitobezya bweende bwa zuba. Alimwi kaambo aaka kunyina ncokaamba cijanya Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.
(4) Mubuzyo/Kukazya: Kutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku alisyuuka masamu, inga tiicatupa ciindi cinji kuti maila abizwe (“Abib”) kabutana sika buzuba bwa Micelo Mitaanzi.
KWIINGULA:Zintu zinjaanji inga zyaambwa akaambo aaka, pele tatweelede kumana ciindi kasanyangula kaambo aaka kutegwa tuyubune cilubide pe. Tweelede buyo kulanga caamba Mangwalo eeco cijatikizya mwezi wa “Abib” acipaizyo ca Micelo Mitaanzi.
“Alimwi maila akanyonyoonwa: nkaambo maila taakaninga bizwa mumwezi wa [Abib] ,alimwi maila akacilaa ntenga.” (Kulonga 9:31)
“Mubuzuba oobu inywe mwakayaamuka mumwezi wa Abib.” (Kulonga 13:4)
“Inywe mweelede kubamba pobwe lya cinkwa citakwe bumena:(mutyalyi cinkwa cilaa bumena kwamazuba aali ciloba, mbuli mbweekamulailila, muciindi cibikkidwe ambali mumwezi wa Abib: nkaambo muli nguwe inywe nimwaayaamuka kuzwa ku Ijipita: alimwi kunyina naba omwe akati kenu weelede kuzya kunembo lyangu cinkwa maanza pe.” (Kulonga 23:15)
“Ipobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena mweelede kulibamba. Mazuba aali ciloba mweelede kulya cinkwa citakwe bumena, mbuli mbweekamulailila, muciindi ca mwezi wa Abib: nkaambo mumwezi wa Abib inywe nimwaayaamuka kuzwa ku Ijipita. ” (Kulonga 34:18)
Nomuleta busu bwamaila mataanzi ku Mwami Yahuwah, abube busu bwa misuku yamapopwe mataanzi matete [Abib] aakangwa aaziyidwe. (Amulange Bapaizi 2:14.)
Amulangile mwezi wa Abib, akusekelela pasika kuli Yahuwah Elohimu wenu: nkaambo mumwezi wa Abib Yahuwa Elohimu wenu wakaangununa ndinywe kuzwa mu Ijipita masiku. (Amulange Ciibalusyo 16:1.)
Kutobezya bwaamba bbuku lipandulula mabala lya Brown-Driver-Briggs' Hebrew Dictionary, Abib caamba buyo kuti: “(1)maila mapya, maila aitwa kuti bbali; (2) mwezi wakubikka misuku, kubaa ngala kwacisyango, kukomena kwa Abib, mwezi wa kulonga apasika. . .” Ibbala Abib lizyila ku Strong's #H3; lyaamba kuti “bupya, butete, zisyuuka zipya, nokuba busena bwakusyuusya zisyango.” (Brown-Driver-Briggs' Hebrew Dictionary)
Abib tacaambi kuti “cibizwide”, nokuba kwaamba kuti mazuba kkumi acisambomwe3 kulaale akubizwa. Lyaamba buyo kuti “ntenga” naa “butete”. Aawa mpaali kaambo. Eelyo Muusa naakalemba kuti maila acilaa “ntenga” mu (Kulonga 9:31), wakali kwaamba buyo kuti maila akalimenede; akacilaa ntenga akuya kumbele kukomena. Ncenciceeco ncaakanyonyweedwa, kakuli maila aampunga aamwi (aatakaninga mena) taakanyonyoonwa pe (Kulonga 9:32). Eelyo Mangwalo naamba cijatikizya “mwezi wa Abib”, aamba buyo kujatikizya mwezi ooyo zisyango nozibizwa, nokuba kutalika kubizwa.
Akamwi kaambo nkotweelede kubandika nkakulailila Kwakwe Yahuwah kujatikizya cipaizyo ca Micelo Mitaanzi.
“Lino Mwami Yahuwah wakaambila Muusa kuti aambile Baisilayeli kuti, “Ciindi mwaakusika munyika Mwami Yahuwah njayoomupa, mbomuyootebwida buyo, mukape musunta mutaanzi wabutebuzi bwenu kumupaizi. Walo mupaizi uyoouzumbaanya musunta ooyo ku Mwami Yahuwah, kutegwa utambulike mubusena bwanu. Mupaizi uyoouzumbaanya musunta bwaakwiinda buzuba bwa Nsabata. Mubuzuba oobo mukapaizye akagutu katakwe kampenda, kamwaka omwe ku Mwami Yahuwah. Lino mukabikke cipaanzi casanu calusuwo lwabusu bunante, alimwi buvweledwe amafuta aaoliva. Cibe cabweema bubotelezya ku Mwami Yahuwah. Alimwi mupedelezye alufulu lwa waini. Mutakalyi zinkwa niciba ciwaya naaba makunka matete kamutanaleta cipaizyo canu citaanzi ku Mwami Yahuwah. Malailile aaya aleelede kutobelwa mane alili.” (Amulange Bapaizi 23:9-14.)
Aawa cilisalede kuti kunyina nokwaambwa maila aa bbali “aabizwide” pe. Kulailila kwaamba buyo kuleta musunta mutaanzi wabutebuzi kumupaizi kuti akauzumbaanye mubuzuba bubikkidwe ambali, alimwi kuti batalyi cizwa mumyuunda kusikila cipaizyo eeci capegwa.
Mbuli basicikolo ba Bbaibbele bankutwe bavwuntauzya kasimpe, tatukonzyi kuuntuluzyila cikkelo cabumboni eeco citondezya kuti Mwezi Mupya, ooyo uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi buzuba abusiku nobweelana, kuti mpaatalikilwa mwaka akutobela cilengwa caba Kalaiti baJuuda, cakweezyeezya kuti kubizwa kwazisyango mu Palesitaini ncecitondezyo ncibaali kutobela.
(5) Mubuzyo/Kaambo:Ime lyoonse ndakayiisyigwa kuti Mwaka Mupya tiiwakali kukonzya kutalikwa kusikila zyabizwa zisyango mu Palesitaini wansiku. Nkaambo nzi ncomubikkila maanu akubizwa kwa maila aa bbali?
KWIINGULA: Kuli twaambo tunjaanji tuswaangene mukweezyeezya kuti Mwaka Mupya uzingulukila akubizwa kwa maila aabbali mu Palesitaini:
- Kunyina pe ampocaamba mu Mangwalo kuti kuli “mulawo wabutebuzi bwa bbale.”
- Matalikilo 1:14 aamba kuti zilengwa leza zyamulengalenga zyakabikkilwa “ziindi zyamwaka, mazuba, amyaka.” Tulakonzya kukosozya kaambo kuti maila aabbali akeelede kunoobizwide mubuzuba bwakupaizya micelo mitaanzi, aboobo aaya maila akali munsaa kubizwa eelyo naakanyonyoonwa acivwulamabwe mu Ijipita (Kulonga 9:22-31), kunyina pe Mangwalo mpaamba kuti zisyangidwe (bbali) zyakeelede kuba citondezyo “ca ziindi zyamwaka, mazuba, amyaka.”
- Muzeezo wa “myaka” wakaletwa kacitanjila cinyonyoono, kakutanaba zambangulwe lya meenda alimwi kiitaninga singanyigwa nyika (Matalikilo 1:14), antela myaka cuulu amyaanda yosanwe kalitana sika zambangulwe lya meenda (zyuulu zyobile amyaanda yosanwe yamyaka kakutanasika Kulonga). Tacilangiki kuba cintu cilaa maanu kuyeeya kuti bantu baciindi kalitana sika zambangulwe kuti bakali kubelesya maila aabbali kupima Mwaka Mupya. Pele ncintu camaanu, kweezyeezya kuti bakayeeme zilengwa leza zyamulengalenga, eezyo Yahuwah nzyaakabikka kuti ndekkalenda Lyakwe, lyakupimya “ziindi zyamwaka, . . .mazuba, amyaka.”
- Nowa wakakonzya kubala ciindi cakutaimpya muciindi ca zambangulwe (kakwiina kusyanga maila aabbali pe).
- Bana ba Isilayeli bakakonzya kupima ciindi mulubula naa munkanda (kakwiina kusyanga maila aabbali pe). Ciabalo ca Myeelwe 9:1-14 cipandulula bana ba Isilayeli mbubaali kusekelela pobwe lya Pasika munkanda.
- Kweezyeezya kuti kubizwa kwamaila aa bbali aaku Palesitaini njenzila ilikke yakutalikila mwaka, nkweezyeezya zintu zyobile: (1) Aabo bakkala anze lyanyika ya Palesitaini, bayeeme amilumbe yamuluwo kuti bazyibe ciindi libizwa maila aaku Palesitaini, eeci citali cintu cisyomeka kulanganya abulimi bwamazubaano bwakupindula misyobo yazisyango);(2)Basyomeka ba Yahuwah beelede kuyaama azilengwa zyamisela yabantu eezyo zyeendelana a kkalenda lina Gregory lyalo litondezya kuti “mvwula ncaalizi” niyakawa, zyuulu zyamyaka kaindi. Eeci caambilizya kuti tweelede kutobela kkalenda lina Gregory kutalisya Mwaka Mupya, nkaambo kuti kakutakwe kkalenda eelyo tatukonzyi kuzyiba cabulondo mazuba aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya. Tacili cintu citambulika kubasyomeka ba Yahuwah, kuti bayaame amanjezyeezya aamuntu nokuba kkalenda lina Gregory, kuti batalike Mwaka Mupya wa Bbaibbele. Alimwi tacitambuliki kuti basyomeka kabayeeme amilumbe yamuluwo abulimi bwamazubaano bwa zisi zilaakatikati kakujwe.
- Kulamatila manjeezyeezya aa
“mulawo wabutebuzi bwamaila aa bbali” cipa kuti tutalike kusyoma kuti bana
Isilayeli kabatana njila munyika ya Kkanaani (kusanganya abana ba Isilayeli
munkanda), tibaali kukonzya kutalika myaka yabo cabululeme, nokuba kwaamba kuti
nzila yakujanya mwaka mupya yakacinca eelyo nibaanjila mu nyika yacisyomyo.
Ooku nkweezyeezya kufubeede. Hena tweelede kusyoma kuti basyomeka, kusikila
waawa, bakali kupima aatalikilwa mwaka kujatikizya kubizwa kwamaila aabbali
munyika njibataninga kkalide? Kunyina Mangwalo mpaamba kuti maila abbali
wamu Palesitaini ayelede kuba cipimyo cakutalisya mwaka pe. Ibbaibbele lilaamba
mumulaka uusalala kuti, myaka yeelede kutalikwa kubelesya zilengwa leza
zyamumulengalenga. “ Alimwi Elohimu wakati, akube mimuni mumulengalenga wajulu,
kuti yaandaanye buzuba kuzwa kubusiku; alimwi ibe zitondezyo zyaziindi
zyamwaka, amazuba, amyaka.” (Matalikilo 1:14)
1 Kulonga 9:31 caamba kuti maila aabbali abuluba, akali munsaa kubizwa eelyo naakanyonyoonwa acivwulamabwe. Mpampawo aawo mpotuzyibila kuti cakali ciindi lisyuuka zisyangidwe nokuba munsimunsi aciindi eeco.
2 Kwakali mazuba mwaanda amakumi lusele, akataa ciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku likunkumuka matuvwu kumasamu, aciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. (http://community.novacaster.com/showarticle.pl?id=11110;n=4001)
3 Micelo Mitaanzi yakeelede kupaizigwa mubuzuba bwa kkumi acisambomwe bwa mwezi mutaanzi, kutobela buzuba ba Nsabata ya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena. (Amulange
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