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n Lexikos - Semi-automatic term extraction for the African languages, with special reference to Northern Sotho : research article
Abstract
Go nthwa ga mareo ka tirio ya seripa sa semothene malebana le maleme a Afrika, edi ye kgolo e lego Sesotho sa Leboa (Sepedi)
Go nthwa ga mareo ka tirio ya seripa sa semothene go twa ka gare ga dikhophase go thomile go ba setlwaedi go hlangweng ga mananeo a mareo, dipanka ta mareo goba dipukuntu mererong yeo e itego lefaseng ka bophara. Ge e le gore boramareo ba maleme a Afrika ba ikemiedite go tea madulo a bona mo mileneamong wo mofsa, ga ba swanela go hlokomela fela tsela ye, eupa ba swanete gape ke go ikemieta go diria theknoloti ye mphsa. Mo taodiwaneng ye go hlalowa gore mo nakong ye, tsela ye kaone ya go dira dilo te pedi te go boletwego ka tona ke go kgetha ditlhamolo ta thwii teo di diriago khomphutha (se se ra gore thomio ya khophase) le go omia ditlabakelo ta software (bj.k. WordSmith Tools) teo di lego gona gohle. Ka fao maikemieto a magolo ke go humana ge e ka ba go nthwa ga mareo ka seripa sa semothene go twa ka gare ga khophase yeo e se nago ditlaleleto teo di tseneletego ka maakaneng, ta go hlahla, go ka diriwa malemeng a Afrika goba aowa. Gore re kgone go araba potio ye, go hlaloitwe ka tsinkelo mohlala wa taba ya go nyakiiwa yeo e amanego le diteng ta thutapolelo ta Sesotho sa Leboa. Dipoelo teo di humanwego ka go diria khomphutha di bapetwa ka gohle le dipoelo teo di humanwego ge go diriwa kgetho ya mantu ka matsogo. edi e fiwa dikgopolo ta kgakologelo (recall) le nepagalo (precision); mekgwa yeo e fapafapanego e a akanywa gore e kgone go hlatholla mareo a lentu le tee ge a bapetwa le mareo a mantu a manti; gomme dikhumano teo di fapanego di akaretwa ka gare ga pukuntu ya Mareo a Thutapolelo yeo e tweletwago bjalo ka Mamatleto.
Worldwide, semi-automatically extracting terms from corpora is becoming the norm for the compilation of terminology lists, term banks or dictionaries for special purposes. If African language terminologists are willing to take their rightful place in the new millennium, they must not only take cognisance of this trend but also be ready to implement the new technology. In this article it is advocated that the best way to do the latter two at this stage, is to opt for computationally straightforward alternatives (i.e. use 'raw corpora') and to make use of widely available software tools (e.g. WordSmith Tools). The main aim is therefore to discover whether or not the semiautomatic extraction of terminology from untagged and unmarked running text by means of basic corpus query software is feasible for the African languages. In order to answer this question a fullblown case study revolving around Northern Sotho linguistic texts is discussed in great detail. The computational results are compared throughout with the outcome of a manual excerption, and vice versa. Attention is given to the concepts 'recall' and 'precision'; different approaches are suggested for the treatment of single-word terms versus multi-word terms; and the various findings are summarised in a Linguistics Terminology lexicon presented as an Appendix.
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