Cyril Ramaphosa
Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (o belegwe ka la 17 Dibatsele 1952) ke rakgwebo le radipolotiki wa Afrika Borwa yo, go tloga ka 2018, a šomilego bjalo ka Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa wa bohlano yo a kgethilwego ka temokrasi, gammogo le mopresidente wa African National Congress (ANC) go tloga ka 2017. Pele e be e le molwela kgethologanyo, moetapele wa mokgatlo wa bašomi le rakgwebo. Ramaphosa o šomile bjalo ka mongwaledipharephare go Mopresidente wa ANC Nelson Mandela. [1] Ramaphosa o boletše gape gore tumelelano ya kgwebišano ya tokologo e tla dira gore Afrika e be sebapadi sa boima bjo bogolo le tekanyo ka mmarakeng wa lefase ka bophara le yona.[1] O be a le motlatšapresidente wa Mopresidente Jacob Zuma , le modulasetulo wa Khomišene ya Peakanyo ya Bosetšhaba go tloga ka 2014 go fihla ka 2018. O bitšwa morerišani wa bokgoni [2] le setsebi sa maano , [3] yo a šomilego bjalo ka morerišani yo mogolo wa ANC nakong ya phetogo go temokrasi ya Afrika Borwa. [4] Ramaphosa o ile a aga mokgatlo o mogolo le o matla kudu wa bašomi mo nageng, e lego Kopano ya Bosetšhaba ya Bašomi ba Meepo (Afrika Borwa) (NUM). [5] O ile a bapala tema ye bohlokwa, ka Roelf Meyer wa National Party, nakong ya ditherišano tša go fediša kgethologanyo mo Afrika Borwa le go sepetša naga go ya dikgethong tša mathomo tša kakaretšo tša Afrika Borwa ka 1994. [6] Ramaphosa e be e yo a kgethilwego ya Nelson Mandela ya go ba Mopresidente wa ka moso. [7] Ramaphosa o tsebega kudu bjalo ka rakgwebo, gomme diphahla ya gagwe yeo e akanyetšwago e feta R6.4 bilione ($450 milione) go tloga ka 2018, [8] ka dithoto tse 31 [9] le beng ba go lemogwa bao ba bego ba swerwe peleng ka dikhamphaning tša go swana le McDonald's Afrika Borwa, modulasetulo wa boto ya MTN le setho sa boto bakeng sa Lonmin.
Ramaphosa o šomile bjalo ka Motlatšamopresidente wa Afrika Borwa go tloga ka 2014 go fihla ka 2018. Ka morago o ile a kgethwa go ba mopresidente wa African National Congress (ANC) go 54th National Conference of the African National Congress ka Dibatsela 2017. Ramaphosa ke modulasetulo wa peleng wa Khomišene ya Peakanyo ya Bosetšhaba ya Afrika Borwa]], [2] yeo e nago le maikarabelo a [ [peakanyo ya maano]] bakeng sa bokamoso bja naga, ka nepo ya go kgoboketša Afrika Borwa "go dikologa sete ye e swanago ya maikemišetšo le dilo tše di tlago pele go otlela tlhabollo ka nako ye telele". [2] Ka 2018 o ile a ba e Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa ntle le dikgetho tša kakaretšo, morago ga gore Jacob Zuma a role modiro. Ramaphosa o ile a kgethwa gape go ba mopresidente ke National Assembly of South Africa go nako ya gagwe ya mathomo ka botlalo ka Motsheganong 2019 ka morago ga phenyo ya ANC ka go dikgetho tša kakaretšo tša Afrika Borwa tša 2019. Ramaphosa o šomile bjalo ka modulasetulo wa Kopano ya Afrika go tloga ka 2020 go fihla ka 2021.[1] Go sa šetšwe mangwalo a gagwe a go hlatsela bjalo ka mothekgi yo bohlokwa wa phetogo ya khutšo ya naga ya gabo go ya go temokrasi, o ile a swaiwa diphošo gape ka lebaka la go swara dikgahlego tša gagwe tša kgwebo, [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] le ge e le gore ga se a ke a latofatša ka baka la modiro wo o sego molaong go le ge e le efe ya dingangišano tše. Ditirišano tša kgwebo tšeo di tsošago ngangišano di akaretša kgwebo ya gagwe ya mohlakanelwa le Glencore [15] le ditatofatšo tša go holega ka tsela yeo e sego molaong go tšwa go ditumellano tša malahla le Eskom tšeo a di gannego ka go tia, [16] [17]nakong yeo Glencore e be e le setšhabeng ka baka la mediro ya yona ya kgwebo yeo e nago le tshekamelo yeo e akaretšago Tony Blair kua Bohlabela bja Magareng; morwa wa gagwe, Andile Ramaphosa, le yena o hweditšwe a amogetše ditefelo tša palomoka ya R2 milione go tšwa go Bosasa, khamphani ya tšhireletšo yeo e amegago go bomenetša le go thopša ga mmušo ke Zondo Commission; [18][19] [20] le go thwala ga gagwe lekgotleng la balaodi la Lonmin mola a tšea boemo bjo mafolofolo ge Dipolao tša Marikana di diregile lefelong la Lonmin la Marikana. Ka la 15 Phato 2012 o ile a ipiletša go kgato kgahlanong le seteraeke sa bašomi ba meepong ba Marikana, seo a se biditšego boitshwaro bja "dastardly criminal" bjo bo nyakago gore go tšewe "kgato ya go sepelelana". [21] Ka morago o ile a dumela le go itshola go tšea karolo ga gagwe tirong yeo gomme a bolela gore e e ka be e ile ya phengwa ge nkabe go dirilwe maano a tšhoganetšo pele ga seteraeke sa bašomi.[22] Ka la 1 Motsheganong 2022 o ile a whisked away ge a be a leka go rarolla bašomi ba meepong bao ba befetšwego bao ba bego ba nyaka go oketša R1000. O be a dikologilwe ke maphodisa gomme a felegetšwa go ya go Nyala ya maphodisa.
Bophelo bja mathomo[lokiša | edit source]
Ramaphosa o belegwe Soweto , Johannesburg , ka la 17 Ngwatobošego 1952, go batswadi ba Venda . Ke wa bobedi go bana ba bararo go Erdmuth le lephodisa la go rola modiro Samuel Ramaphosa. O tsene sekolo sa tlasana sa Tshilidzi le sekolo se se phagamego sa Sekano Ntoane kua Soweto. Ka ngwaga wa 1971, o ile a dira marematlou go tšwa sekolong se se phagamego sa Mphaphuli kua Sibasa , Venda moo a ilego a kgethwa go ba hlogo ya Mokgatlo wa Bakriste wa Baithuti. Ka morago o ile a ingwadiša go ithuta molao Yunibesithing ya Leboa (Turfloop) Profenseng ya Limpopo ka 1972.
Ge a le yunibesithing, Ramaphosa o ile a tsenela dipolotiki tša baithuti gomme a tsenela Mokgatlo wa Baithuti wa Afrika Borwa (SASO) le Kopano ya Bathobaso (BPC) . Se se feleleditše ka gore a golegwe ka kgolegong ya bodutu dikgwedi tše lesometee ka 1974 ka fase ga Karolo ya 6 ya Molao wa Botšhošetši, 1967 , ka lebaka la go rulaganya dikopano tša go thekga Frelimo . Ka 1976 o ile a golegwa gape, ka morago ga khuduego ya Soweto, gomme a swarwa dikgwedi tše tshela kua John Vorster Square ka fase ga Molao wa Botšhošetši. Ka morago ga go lokollwa ga gagwe, o ile a ba mongwaledi wa molao wa feme ya boramolao ya Johannesburggomme a tšwela pele ka dithuto tša gagwe tša molao ka go ngwalelana le Yunibesithi ya Afrika Borwa (UNISA), moo a hweditšego B. Proc. Degree ka 1981.
Molwela dipolotiki le moetapele wa mokgatlo wa bašomi[lokiša | edit source]
Ka morago ga go fetša dithuto tša gagwe tša molao le go hwetša lengwalo la gagwe, Ramaphosa o ile a tsenela Khansele ya Mekgatlo ya Afrika Borwa (CUSA) bjalo ka moeletši ka lefapheng la molao. Ka 1982, CUSA e kgopetše gore Ramaphosa e thome mokgatlo wa bašomi ba meepong; mokgatlo wo o mofsa o ile wa thongwa ka wona ngwaga woo gomme wa rewa leina la Mokgatlo wa Bosetšhaba wa Bašomi ba Meepo (NUM). Ramaphosa o ile a swarwa ka Lebowa , ka molato wa go rulaganya goba go rulaganya go tsea karolo kopanong ya Namakgale yeo e bego e thibetswe ke mmaseterata wa selegae.
Lwantšha kgethologanyo[lokiša | edit source]
Ka Phato 1982, CUSA e ile ya tšea sephetho sa go hloma Mokgatlo wa Bosetšhaba wa Bašomi ba Meepo (NUM), gomme ka Dibatsela Ramaphosa a ba mongwaledi wa yona wa mathomo. Ramaphosa e bile morulaganyi wa khonferentshe ditokišetšong tšeo di bego di lebiša go hlomeng ga Congress ya South African Trade Union (COSATU). O ile a fana ka polelo ya bohlokwa mogwantong wa go thomiša wa Cosatu ka Durban ka Dibatsela 1985. Ka Mopitlo 1986, e be e le karolo ya kemedi ya COSATU yeo e kopanego le African National Congress ka Lusaka, Zambia.
Ramaphosa o ile a kgethwa bjalo ka mongwaledipharephare wa mathomo wa kopano, maemo ao a a swerego go fihlela a rola modiro ka June 1991, morago ga go kgethwa ga gagwe bjalo ka mongwaledipharephare wa African National Congress (ANC). Ka fase ga boetapele bja gagwe, maloko a mekgatlo ya bašomi a ile a gola go tloga go 6,000 ka 1982 go ya go 300,000 ka 1992, go e fa taolo ya mo e nyakilego go ba seripagare sa palomoka ya bašomi ba bathobaso ka intastering ya meepo ya Afrika Borwa. Bjalo ka mongwaledipharephare, yena, James Motlatsi (mopresidente wa NUM), le Elijah Barayi (motlatšamopresidente wa NUM) le bona ba ile ba eta pele bašomi ba meepong go ye nngwe ya diteraeke tše kgolo tšeo di kilego tša ba gona historing ya Afrika Borwa.
Ka December 1988, Ramaphosa le maloko a mangwe a go tuma a setšhaba sa Soweto ba ile ba kopana le ramotse wa Soweto go ahlaahla mathata a boycott ya rente.
Ka Pherekgong 1990, Ramaphosa o ile a felegetša bagolegwa ba dipolotiki ba ANC bao ba lokolotšwego go ya Lusaka , Zambia. Ramaphosa o šomile bjalo ka modulasetulo wa komiti ya Kamogelo ya Bosetšhaba, yeo e rulagantšego dipeakanyo tša go lokollwa ga Nelson Mandela le dikopano tša kamogelo tša morago ga moo ka gare ga Afrika Borwa gomme a ba leloko la Komiti ya Kamogelo ya Mandela ya boditšhabatšhaba. O ile a kgethwa go ba mongwaledipharephare wa ANC khonferenseng yeo e bego e swerwe kua Durban ka Phupu 1991. Ramaphosa e be e le moprofesara wa molao yo a etetšego Yunibesithing ya Stanford kua United States ka Diphalane 1991.
Ka 1985, NUM e ile ya kgaogana le CUSA gomme ya thuša go hloma Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). Ge COSATU e kopana le mokgatlo wa dipolotiki wa United Democratic Front (UDF) kgahlanong le mmušo wa National Party wa PW Botha , Ramaphosa o ile a tšea karolo ya go eta pele go seo se ilego sa tsebja bjalo ka Mass Democratic Movement (MDM).
Ge Nelson Mandela a lokollwa kgolegong, Ramaphosa o be a le ka go Komiti ya Kamogelo ya Bosetšhaba.
Mongodipharephare wa ANC[lokiša | edit source]
Ka morago ga go kgethwa ga gagwe bjalo ka mongwaledipharephare wa African National Congress ka 1991, o ile a ba hlogo ya sehlopha sa ditherišano sa ANC go rerišana ka go fediša kgethologanyo le mmušo wa National Party. Ka morago ga dikgetho tša mathomo tša temokrasi ka botlalo ka 1994, Ramaphosa o ile a ba leloko la palamente; o ile a kgethwa go ba modulasetulo wa Seboka sa yona sa Molaotheo ka la 24 Motsheganong 1994 gomme a kgatha tema ye bohlokwa mmušong wa botee bja setšhaba.
Ka 2000, o ile a kgethwa go Khomišene ye e Ikemego ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya go Kgaotša Dibetša bjalo ka mohlahlobi wa dibetša, yo a ikarabelago ka go hlokomela go kgaotša ga dibetša tša Nakwana tša IRA .
Ka morago ga gore a lahlegelwe ke lebelo la go ba Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa go Thabo Mbeki , o ile a rola modiro maemong a gagwe a dipolotiki ka Pherekgong 1997 gomme a hudugela lefapheng la phraebete, moo a ilego a ba molaodi wa New Africa Investments Limited. O tlile maemong a pele dikgethong tša 1997 go Komitiphethiši ya Bosetšhaba ya ANC.
Le ge e se leloko la Mokgatlo wa Bokomonisi wa Afrika Borwa (SACP), Ramaphosa o boletše gore ke bosošalisiti bjo bo ikgafilego.
Methopo ya ditaba e be e tšwela pele go fopholetšwa ka ga Ramaphosa go tsenela lebelo la go ba mopresidente wa ANC ka ngwaga wa 2007, pele ga dikgetho tša bopresidente tša Afrika Borwa tša 2009. Le ge go le bjalo, o boletše gore ga a na kgahlego go bopresidente. Ka la 2 Lewedi 2007, The Sunday Times e begile gore Ramaphosa o be a le lebelong la dikgetho, eupša ka mantšiboa ao o be a lokollotše polelo gape yeo e bego e thibela boikgafo bjo bongwe le bjo bongwe.
Ka Dibatsela 2007, o ile a boela a kgethwa go Komitiphethiši ya Bosetšhaba ya ANC, mo nakong ye a le maemong a bo 30 ka dikgetho tše 1,910.
Ka la 20 Motsheganong 2012, leloko le le tumilego la Afrikaner ANC Derek Hanekom o kgopetše Ramaphosa go kitima go ba mopresidente wa ANC, a bolela gore "Re nyaka baetapele ba maemo a comrade Cyril. Ke a tseba gore Cyril o na le bokgoni kudu kgwebong, eupša ke tloga ke duma ge a ka bea tša gagwe ka moka." tšhelete ka gare ga trasete le go gata mogato bakeng sa maemo a godimo le a magolo". Le ge go be go sa tsebje ge eba Ramaphosa o tla kitima go ba mopresidente wa ANC goba aowa, o lekile go homotša dipolelo tša go fopholetšwa ka go araba tshwaelo ya Hanekom ka go bolela gore "O ka se bale selo [go go seo a se boletšego]. O be a dira metlae".
O bile nkgetheng semmušo wa Motlatšamopresidente ka la 17 Dibatsela 2012 gomme a tsenela lebelo ka thekgo ye maatla ya kampa ya Zuma. Ka la 18 Dibatsela 2012, o ile a kgethwa bjalo ka Motlatšamopresidente wa ANC. Cyril Ramaphosa o hweditše dikgetho tše 3,018, mola Mathews Phosa a hweditše dikgetho tše 470 gomme Tokyo Sexwale a hweditše dikgetho tše 463.
Motlatšamopresidente wa Afrika Borwa (2014–2018)[lokiša | edit source]
Cyril Ramaphosa o kopana le mopresidente wa Chile Michelle Bachelet , ka 2014
Ramaphosa o ile a kgethwa go ba Motlatšamopresidente ke Jacob Zuma ka la 25 Motsheganong 2014 gomme a ikana go tsena ofising ke Moahlodimogolo Mogoeng Mogoeng letšatšing le le latelago. Ka morago ga go thwala ga gagwe, Ramaphosa o ile a dirwa Moetapele wa Kgwebo ya Mmušo ka Sebokeng sa Maloko a Palamente go ya ka karolo ya 91(4) ya Molaotheo. Maikarabelo a gagwe a be a akaretša: Merero ya khuduthamaga ya bosetšhaba ka Palamenteng; mananeo a kgwebo ya palamente ao a thomilwego ke khuduthamaga ya bosetšhaba, ka gare ga nako yeo e abetšwego morero woo le go netefatša gore maloko a Kabinete a hlokomela maikarabelo a ona a palamente.
Ka la 3 Mosegamanye 2014, Mopresidente Jacob Zuma o tsebišitše gore Ramaphosa o tla thwala bjalo ka modulasetulo wa Khomišene ya Peakanyo ya Bosetšhaba , ka Tona ka Kantorong ya Mopresidente ya Peakanyo, Jeff Radebe a šoma bjalo ka motlatšamodulasetulo wa khomišene.
Ka Phupu 2014, Ramaphosa o ile a ipiletša go botee ka nageng, ka morago ga dipitšo tša Julius Malema tša go fediša kopelo ya karolo ya Seburu ya koša ya setšhaba. Ramaphosa o itše: "Re mabapi le go aga setšhaba gomme re swanetše go otlolla seatla sa segwera, seatla sa poelano ye e tšwelago pele go bao ba ikwago gore koša ya setšhaba ga e sa ba emela, gomme e ka direga ka mahlakoreng ka bobedi".
Dikamano tša dinaga dišele[lokiša | edit source]
Vietnam le Singapore[lokiša | edit source]
Ramaphosa o ile a ya ketelong ya mošomo ya matšatši a mabedi go bobedi Vietnam le Singapore. Ramaphosa o boletše gore Afrika Borwa le Vietnam di swanetše go katološa kgwebišano. Dinaga tše pedi le tšona di dumelelane go dirišana go ya pele ka thuto. Diketelo tša mošomo ka bobedi di dirilwe go tiiša dikamano tše di lego gona tša dinagamahlakore tše pedi tša dipolotiki, ekonomi le kgwebišano magareng ga Afrika Borwa le dinaga tše pedi. Ketelo ya Singapore e file kemedi ya Afrika Borwa, yeo e eteletšwego pele ke Ramaphosa, go ithuta go tšwa go mohlala wa Singapore wa katlego ya ekonomi le tema yeo e kgathwago ke dikgwebo tša mmušo le kgolo ya ekonomi le maikemišetšo a tlhabollo ya bosetšhaba a naga. Kgwebišano ya dinagamahlakore tše pedi e gotše kudu ka Singapore e le molekane wa bobedi wa kgwebišano wa Afrika Borwa ka go...selete sa ASEAN ; ka 2014 kgwebišano ya dinaga tše pedi e fihlile go R 28.9 pilione ge go bapetšwa le R 23.5 pilione ka 2015.
Davos o ile a[lokiša | edit source]
Ka Pherekgong 2018, go ile gwa tsebišwa gore Mopresidente Jacob Zuma a ka se etelele pele kemedi ya Afrika Borwa go ya Foramong ya Ekonomi ya Lefase ka lekga la bobedi, Mmušo wa Afrika Borwa o tsebišitše gore Cyril Ramaphosa o tla be a eta pele kemedi yeo e bopilwego ke bahlankedi ba mmalwa ba kabinete ya Afrika Borwa go... go tšwetša pele dipeeletšo le kgwebo ka nageng.
Boemo ka bomenetša[lokiša | edit source]
Ka Ngwatobošego wa 2016, ge a be a bolela Sebokeng sa Profense ya Limpopo, Ramaphosa o boletše gore bomenetša ke modu wa malwetši a ekonomi ya naga. O boletše gore Mmušo wa Afrika Borwa le setšhaba sa kgwebo di swanetše go hwetša tsela ya go lwantšha bomenetša, le ge a sa bolele ka leina. O šišinya gore kopano ye e swanetše go lebelela go rarolla boleng le botebo bja baetapele ka gare ga makala a mmušo le a phraebete ka go kgomarela Leanotlhabollo la Bosetšhaba .
Ge a etelela pele Khonferentshe ya Bosetšhaba ya bo 53 ya ANC o boletše ka tlhokego ya go tloša bomenetša go ANC ka boyona. Polelong ya gagwe ya mathomo go Khonferentshe bjalo ka moetapele wa ANC o ile a ikana go fediša bomenetša.
Mopresidente wa ANC[lokiša | edit source]
Ramaphosa ke kgale a tšewa bjalo ka nkgetheng yo a ka bago gona wa mopresidente gomme o ile a kitima dikgethong tša bopresidente tša ANC tša 1997, a lahlegelwa ke Thabo Mbeki .
Ramaphosa o tsebišitše gore o tla nyaka go ba mopresidente wa ANC ka ngwaga wa 2017, ka go kitima ga gagwe ga bobedi go ba mopresidente. Ramaphosa o ile a thoma moano wa gagwe wa lesolo bjalo ka #CR17 Siyavuma.
Ka Phato 2017, Ramaphosa o be a amogetše thekgo ya mokgatlo wa bašomi wa COSATU , Mokgatlo wa Bosetšhaba wa Bašomi ba Meepo gammogo le boetapele bja Kapa Leboa, Kapa Bohlabela, le boetapele bja ANC bja profense ya Gauteng. Batho bao gape ba ilego ba gata mogato pele go thekga Ramaphosa ba akaretša tona ya thuto Angie Motshekga, mopresidente wa Cosatu Sdumo Dlamini, tona ya peleng ya ditšhelete Pravin Gordhan le Tonakgolo ya peleng ya KwaZulu-Natal Senzo Mchunu .
Ka la 18 Dibatsela 2017, Ramaphosa o ile a kgethwa go ba mopresidente wa ANC Khonferentsheng ya bo 54 ya Kgetho ya mokgatlo , a fenya mophenkgišani wa gagwe Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma , mosadi wa peleng wa Mopresidente Zuma, ka dikgetho tše 2,440 go ya go tše 2,261.
Ka la 5 Motsheganong 2021, lengwalo la mongwaledipharephare wa mokgatlo yo a emišitšwego, Ace Magashule, le ile la dutlela leo go lona Magashule a emiša Ramaphosa bjalo ka mopresidente wa ANC. Lebaka la go emišwa ga mošomo le amana le ditatofatšo tša go se laolege lesolo la gagwe la dikgetho tša mokgatlo ka 2017. Le ge go le bjalo, Gwede Mantashe, modulasetulo wa bosetšhaba, o laeditše gore go emišwa ga go na mohola, ka ge Magashule ka boyena a ile a emišwa ka nako ya go ngwala lengwalo
Bopresidente (2018–bjale) .[lokiša | edit source]
Ka morago ga go rola modiro ga Mopresidente Jacob Zuma ka Hlakola 2018, Ramaphosa o ile a kgethwa a sa ganetšwe bjalo ka Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa ke Seboka sa Maloko a Palamente ka la 15 Hlakola 2018. Ramaphosa o tšere keno ya gagwe ya ofisi ka ntlong ya baeng ya mopresidente, Tuynhuys , ke Moahlodimogolo Mogoeng Mogoeng .
Mebaraka e ile ya kgobokana ka maatla letšatši ka morago ga ge Ramaphosa a tšere bopresidente ka ditokomane tšeo di hlatlogago le ranta yeo e fihleletšego go tia kudu go tloga mathomong a 2015. Dibonto tša mmušo le tšona di oketšegile ka maatla.
Ka la 16 Hlakola 2018, Ramaphosa o file Puo ya gagwe ya mathomo ya Maemo a Setšhaba bjalo ka mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa , e lego lekga la mathomo mo Afrika Borwa ya temokrasi moo mopresidente a ilego a neela Puo ya gagwe ya Maemo a Setšhaba ntle le motlatšamopresidente. Ramaphosa o gateletše tlhokego ya go godiša ekonomi ya Afrika Borwa , go oketša boeti le mešomo ya bafsa, gammogo le go fokotša bogolo bja Kabinete. Polelong ye, Ramaphosa o ile a lebiša tlhokomelo gape go bohlokwa bja go boloka bohwa bja Mandela bo phela.
Polelo ya Ramaphosa e ile ya kopana le bontši bja ditshekatsheko tše botse go tšwa go mekgatlo ya kganetšo ba re polelo ya gagwe e be e le ye botse le gore e tla tliša phetogo, eupša gore ba tla mo dira gore a ikarabele.
Ka la 17 Hlakola 2018, Ramaphosa, e le molaodi-moholo wa Lesole la Tshireletso la Sechaba la Afrika Borwa , o ile a kenela Tirelo ya Mahareng a Ditumelo tsa Mabotho a Hlomphehileng Setsing sa Kopano sa Mittah Seperepere ka Kimberley mme a etsa puo ya hae ya pele ya phatlalatsa jwalo ka mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa.
Ka la 26 Hlakola 2018, Ramaphosa, yo a bego a abetše kabinete ya Jacob Zuma , o ile a fetoša kabinete la mathomo a tloša bontši bja maloko a kabinete ao a bilego le ngangišano go ralala le nako ya Zuma le ao a bego a na le dikgokagano tša kgauswi le lapa la Gupta . Ramaphosa o ile a bolela gape le motlatšamopresidente wa African National Congress le Tonakgolo ya Mpumalanga , David Mabuza , bjalo ka Motlatšamopresidente wa naga .
Ramaphosa o tšere leeto la gagwe la mathomo la boditšhabatšhaba bjalo ka mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa ka la 2 Mopitlo 2018 go ya Repabliking ya Angola gomme a kopana le Mopresidente João Lourenço bjalo ka modulasetulo wa SADC .
Ka la 8 Motsheganong 2019, African National Congress yeo e eteletšwego pele ke Mopresidente Ramaphosa e thopile 57.50% ya dikgetho dikgethong tša kakaretšo tša Afrika Borwa tša 2019 . Ramaphosa ka morago o ile a kgethwa a sa ganetše nako ya gagwe ya mathomo ka botlalo bjalo ka mopresidente ke Seboka sa Maloko a Palamente ka la 22 Motsheganong 2019. Ka ge Ramaphosa a be a kgethilwe peleng bjalo ka mopresidente go tlatša sekgoba seo se tlogetšwego ke go rola modiro ga yo a tlilego pele ga gagwe, o na le maswanedi a molaotheo go šoma dikotara tše pedi ka botlalo.
Ka la 19 Phupu 2019, Mošireletši wa Setšhaba, Busisiwe Mkhwebane , o lokollotše pego yeo go yona a boletšego gore Ramaphosa o arošitše Palamente ya Afrika Borwa ka boomo ka ga meneelo ya Bosasa yeo e tsošago ngangišano go lesolo la gagwe la go ba mopresidente wa CR17 ANC. Moetapele wa COPE Mosiuoa Lekota o kgopetše gore Ramaphosa a tlošwe setulong mola Moetapele wa DA Mmusi Maimane a šišinya go hlongwa ga komiti ya nakwana go nyakišiša ka mo go atlegilego ditatofatšo tše. Ramaphosa o tsebišitše setšhaba ka la 21 Phupu 2019 gomme a hlaloša pego yeo bjalo ka "e nago le diphošo tša motheo" gomme a ipiletša go tshekatsheko ya boahlodi ya dikhwetšo tša Mkhwebane.
Kopanong ya 2020 ya AU, Ramaphosa o bontšhitše thekgo go Lefelo la Kgwebišano ya Tokologo ya Kontinente ya Afrika gomme a le hlaloša bjalo ka sešupo se segolo sa go gotetša gape tlhabollo ya diintasteri le go bula tsela ya go kopanywa ga Afrika ka mmarakeng wa lefase ka bophara. Ramaphosa o boletše gape gore tumelelano ya kgwebišano ya tokologo e tla dira gore Afrika e be sebapadi sa boima bjo bogolo le tekanyo mmarakeng wa lefase ka bophara le wona.
Sebokeng sa AU sa 2020, Ramaphosa o ile a laetša gape thekgo ya go tswalela sekgoba sa bong le go fediša go se lekalekane ga bong.
Mmušo wa gagwe o arabetše khuduego ya Afrika Borwa ya 2021 , e lego meferefere yeo e bolayago kudu ga e sa le go tloga ka kgethologanyo .
Pholisi ya ka gae[lokiša | edit source]
Ga e sa le Ramaphosa e eba mopresidente o dirile mpshafatšo ya naga le ekonomi dilo tša gagwe tše kgolo tše di tlago pele, gammogo le go šomana le go phulega ga listeriosis yeo e tšerego maphelo a batho ba go feta 100 go tloga mathomong a ngwaga wa 2018.
Ka Hlakola 2018, palamente ya Afrika Borwa e ile ya boutela 241–83 go thoma go fetoša "temana ya thoto" ka molaotheong go dumelela go tšewa ga naga ntle le tefo.
Ka la 19 Hlakubele 2018, Ramaphosa o ile a emiša Tom Moyane bjalo ka Mokhomišenare wa Tirelo ya Lekgetho la Afrika Borwa morago ga gore Moyane a gane go fologa setulong.
Ka tlase ga boetapele bja gagwe, African National Congress e kgoromeleditše phetošo ya molaotheo yeo e dumelelago mmušo go tšea dipolasa tšeo di nago le ma-Afrika Borwa a Bašweu. O boletše gore mmušo go ba le maatla a go tšea dithoto ntle le tefo go tla hlohleletša kgolo ya ekonomi. Nakong yeo Rand e lego maemong a fase a mengwaga ye mebedi, ditsebi tša ekonomi di be di belaela ka kgonagalo ya gore pholisi ye e atlege.
Ka la 14 Phato 2018, Ramaphosa o thwetše Ngaka Silas Ramaite bjalo ka Molaodi wa Bosetšhaba wa Mošomo wa Botšhotšhisi bja Setšhaba (NDPP) morago ga kahlolo ya Kgorotsheko ya Molaotheo ya gore Molaodi Shaun Abrahams o thwetšwe ka tsela yeo e sego molaong ke mopresidente wa peleng, Jacob Zuma .
Afrika Borwa e bile dihlogo tša ditaba tša lefase ka lebaka la ditlhaselo kgahlanong le badudi ba dinaga dišele ka gare ga mellwane ya naga, ka maAfrika Borwa a mantši a sola badudi ba dinaga dišele ka ditaba tša naga ya leago le ekonomi.
Ka la 10 Mosegamanye 2021, Ramaphosa o tsebišitše gore mmušo wa gagwe o tla godiša moedi wa palo ya mohlagase wo dikhamphani tša praebete di ka di tšweletšago ntle le laesense - go tloga go 1 Megawatt go ya go 100 Megwatts. Sephetho se tšerwe ka nepo ya go arabela ditlhohlo tše di oketšegago tšeo naga e lebanego le tšona nakong ya mathata a enetši ao a tšwelago pele , le go fa "oomph" ka mantšu a Ramaphosa, go tsošološong ya ekonomi ya Afrika Borwa.
Ka la 11 Hlakola 2022, Ramaphosa o tsebiša gore mmušo wa gagwe o tla dira semmušo intasteri ya cannabis ya Afrika Borwa, o nyaka go godiša bobedi tšweletšo le diromelwantle.
Maiteko a go thoma[lokiša | edit source]
Ramaphosa o thakgotše maitapišo a Tirelo ya Mešomo ya Bafsa (YES) bjalo ka mokgwa wa go thwala bafsa milione o tee le go ba fa maitemogelo a mantši mo lefapheng la mošomo, ka Mmušo wa Afrika Borwa o bile o tsebagaditše Tlhohleletšo ya Motšhelo wa Mešomo, yeo e tlago fokotša ditshenyegelo tša mongmošomo ge a thwala bafsa.
Ka la 14 Phato 2018, Mopresidente Ramaphosa o boletše ka go tsebagatšwa ga maitapišo a Sanitation Appropriate For Education (SAFE) ka Pretoria go arabela ditlhohlo tša bohlweki tšeo di lebanego le dikolo tše di diilago kudu tša naga.
Pholisi ya dinaga dišele[lokiša | edit source]
Sehlogo se segolo: Lenaneo la maeto a bopresidente a boditšhabatšhaba ao a dirilwego ke Cyril Ramaphosa
Mmapa wo o bontšhago kakaretšo ya dinaga tšeo Ramaphosa a tšerego maeto a semmušo bjalo ka mopresidente
Ramaphosa o dirile leeto la gagwe la mathomo la boditšhabatšhaba bjalo ka Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa go ya Repabliking ya Angola gomme a kopana le Mopresidente João Lourenço maemong a gagwe bjalo ka modulasetulo wa SADC go bolela ka ga khutšo le tšhireletšo.
Ka la 20 Hlakubele 2018, Ramaphosa o ile a tšea leeto la go ya Kigali , Rwanda gotee le Tona ya Ditaba tša ka ntle Lindiwe Sisulu , gomme a kopana le Mopresidente Paul Kagame gomme a bolela ka go tsošološa dikamano magareng ga Afrika Borwa le Rwanda , ka morago a tšea karolo bjalo ka diphanele ka go Foramo ya Kgwebo ya Lefelo la Kgwebišano ya Tokologo ya Kontinente ya Afrika (ACFTABF) pele ga Seboka sa bo 10 sa go se tlwaelege sa Kopano ya Afrika. Letšatšing le le latelago, Ramaphosa o ile a saena Kgoeletšo ya Kigali ka ga go hlongwa ga ACFTABF ka Sebokeng sa bo 10 sa go se tlwaelege sa Kopano ya Afrika.
Ramaphosa o be a swere kopano ya bo 11 ya BRICS ya la 25–27 Phupu 2018, ka Sandton Convention Center ka Johannesburg .
Ka Pherekgong 2019, Ramaphosa o ile a lebogiša mopresidente wa Venezuela Nicolás Maduro ka morago ga go hlongwa ga gagwe la bobedi .
Ka la 10 Motsheganong 2021, Ramaphosa o boletše gore ANC e sola "ka mantšu a maatla kudu ao a kgonegago" go rakwa mo go ka bago gona ga malapa a Palestina magaeng a ona Jerusalema Bohlabela yeo e thopilwego ke Isiraele le "ditlhaselo tše sehlogo go baipelaetši ba Palestina" kua Mošate wa Al-Aqsa .
Ka morago ga Tlhaselo ya Russia ya Ukraine , yeo e thomilwego ka la 24 Hlakola 2022, Ramaphosa ga se a ka a šutha go sola Russia goba go dumela go tsena dikiletšong dife goba dife kgahlanong le Russia. Kgwedi ka morago, o boletše gore go boloka boemagare go be go le bohlokwa gore a kgopelwe go tsena gare magareng ga boetapele bja dinaga tše pedi. Go sa šetšwe tlhaselo e tšwelago pele le bosenyi bja ntwa bjo bo begilwego bjo bo dirwago ke Russia; Ramaphosa gape ka morago o ile a sola NATO 's kgauswi le mellwane ya Russia ka ditiro tša Vladimir Putin le ba swana le yena, a bolela gore "Ntwa e be e ka phengwa ge nkabe NATO e ile ya ela hloko ditemošo go tšwa gare ga baetapele ba yona le bahlankedi go theoša le mengwaga ya gore katološo ya yona ya go ya bohlabela." e be e tla lebiša go go se tsepame mo gogolo, e sego mo gonyenyane, ka seleteng."
[lokiša | edit source]
Bona gape: Leuba la COVID-19 ka Afrika Borwa
Ramaphosa o tumišitšwe boditšhabatšhaba ka karabelo ya gagwe go leuba la COVID-19 ka Afrika Borwa ka BBC e swaya diphošo ka gore, mabapi le se, "Ramaphosa o tšweletše bjalo ka moetapele yo a boifišago — yo a hlamilwego, yo a nago le kwelobohloko, eupša a thopša ke go akgofa ga motsotso wo." Ka Diphalane 2020, Ramaphosa o thomile nako ya go ikarola morago ga gore moeng monyanyeng wa dijo tša mantšiboa wo a bilego gona go hwetša diteko tša go ba le coronavirus.
Ka la 12 Dibatsela 2021, Tona ka Kantorong ya Mopresidente , Mondli Gungubele o tsebišitše gore Ramaphosa o hweditšwe a na le COVID-19, gomme motlatšamopresidente , David Mabuza o tla tšea "maikarabelo ka moka" a beke ye e latelago.
Botho bja dipolitiki[lokiša | edit source]
Ramaphosa o tsebišitše phatlalatša ka Afrika Borwa ka la 24 Motsheganong 2018 gore o tla be a neela seripa sa mogolo wa gagwe (R3.6 milione ngwaga ka ngwaga) go mokgatlo wa botho go hlompha mohu mopresidente wa peleng wa Afrika Borwa Nelson Mandela . O boletše gore boitšhišinyo bja mmele bjo bo be bo lebišitšwe go hlohleletša bahumi go gafela tše dingwe tša mogolo wa bona go thuša go aga setšhaba. Moneelo wo o be o beakantšwe go laolwa ke Nelson Mandela Foundation (NMF).
Mošomo wa kgwebo[lokiša | edit source]
Gare ga maemo a mangwe, e be e le modulasetulo wa khuduthamaga wa Shanduka Group , khamphani yeo a e hlomilego. Shanduka Group e na le dipeeletšo ka lefapheng la methopo, lefapha la enetši, thekišo ya dithoto, panka, inšorense, le megala ( SEACOM ). E bile gape modulasetulo wa Bidvest , le MTN . Bolaodi bja gagwe bjo bongwe bjo e sego bja khuduthamaga bo akaretša Macsteel Holdings, Alexander Forbes le Standard Bank . Ka March 2007, o ile a kgethwa go ba modulasetulo wa mohlakanelwa yo e sego wa khuduthamaga wa Mondi , sehlopha se se etilego pele sa boditšhabatšhaba sa pampiri le go phuthela, ge khamphani e be e arogana go tšwa go Anglo American plc . Ka Phupu 2013, o ile a rola modiro boto ya SABMiller plc.
Ke yo mongwe wa bahumi ba Afrika Borwa, ka lehumo leo le akanyetšwago go R6.4 bilione ($450 milione).
Ka 2011, Ramaphosa o ile a lefela tumelelano ya master franchise ya mengwaga ye 20 go sepetša diresetšhurente tše 145 tša McDonald's ka Afrika Borwa. Kapejana ka morago ga dikgetho tša kakaretšo tša 2014, Ramaphosa o tsebišitše gore o ya go tloša peeletšo go Shanduka go phethagatša maikarabelo a gagwe a maswa bjalo ka motlatšamopresidente ntle le kgonagalo ya thulano ya dikgahlego . McDonald's Afrika Borwa e tsebišitše gore go tla ba le tshepedišo ye e tšwelago pele go tšea sebaka sa Ramaphosa bjalo ka monglaesense wa bjale wa tlhabollo ya tshepedišo ya ketane ya dijo tša go itima dijo ka Afrika Borwa.
Ka 2014, ka morago ga gore Ramaphosa e be Motlatšamopresidente wa Afrika Borwa , Retšistara ya Dikgahlego tša Maloko, yeo e bego e tšweleditšwe ka Palamenteng, e ile ya utolla lehumo la gagwe. Go feta R 76 milione yeo a bego a e kgobokeditše ka dishere tša khamphani , ditokomane di bontšhitše gore o be a na le dithoto tše 30 ka Johannesburg le difolete tše pedi ka Motsekapa . Retšistara e ile ya tiišetša gape go rola modiro ga Ramaphosa go tšwa go molaodi wa gagwe kua Lonmin , yeo ka yona a bego a swaiwa diphošo ka polao ya Marikana ka 2012.
Molemi[lokiša | edit source]
Nakong ya ketelo ya Uganda ka 2004, Ramaphosa o ile a thoma go kgahlegela tswadišo ya dikgomo tša Ankole . Ka lebaka la magato a go se lekane a taolo ya malwetši ka Uganda, mmušo wa Afrika Borwa o ile wa mo gana tumelelo ya go reka ntle le ge e le efe ya tswadišo yeo. Go e na le moo, Ramaphosa o ile a reka dikgomo tše 43 go mopresidente wa Uganda Yoweri Museveni gomme a di romela Kenya. Moo dikgomo di ile tša tsenywa peu ka maitirelo, diembryo tša tlošwa gomme tša romelwa Afrika Borwa, moo tša fetišetšwa go dikgomo gomme ka morago tša bewa ka thoko dikgwedi tše pedi. Go fihla ka Phato 2017, Ramaphosa o be a na le dikgomo tša tswadišo tša Ankole tše 100 polaseng ya gagwe ya Ntaba Nyoni ka Mpumalanga .
Ka 2017, Ramaphosa o ngwadile mmogo puku ka ga tswadišo, Dikgomo tša Mengwaga, Dikanegelo, le Diswantšho tša Dikgomo tša Ankole tša Borwa bja Afrika .
Dingangišano[lokiša | edit source]
Sehlogo se segolo: Seteraeke sa bašomi ba meepong ba Marikana
Polao ya Marikana , bjalo ka ge go bolelwa ka yona go boraditaba, e diregile ge maphodisa a thuba mošomo ka go ngala bašomi ba Lonmin ba "koppie" (thopo ya mmoto) kgauswi le lefelo la bodulo la mekhukhu ya Nkaneng ka Marikana ka la 16 Phato 2012. Ka lebaka la maphodisa go thuntšhwa, bašomi ba meepong ba 34 ba hlokofetše gomme bašomi ba meepong ba tlaleletšo ba 78 ba gobetše go hlola kgalefo le sello kgahlanong le maphodisa le mmušo wa Afrika Borwa. Go ile gwa tšwelela ngangišano e nngwe ka morago ga gore go utollwe gore bontši bja bahlaselwa ba ile ba thuntšhwa ka morago gomme bahlaselwa ba bantši ba ile ba thuntšhwa kgole le methaladi ya maphodisa. Dikgaruru tša ka la 16 Phato 2012 e bile tšhomišo e tee ye e bolayago kudu ya maatla ke mašole a tšhireletšo a Afrika Borwa kgahlanong le badudi go tloga mafelelong a nako ya kgethologanyo .
Nakong ya Khomišene ya Marikana, go ile gwa tšwelela gape gore bolaodi bja Lonmin bo kgopetše Ramaphosa, bjalo ka mongdišere wa Lonmin le boima bja ANC, go kgokaganya "kgato ya go sepelelana" kgahlanong le baipelaetši ba "bosenyi" gomme ka fao e bonwa ke ba bantši bjalo ka yo a ikarabelago ka polao ye.
Ka fase ga dinyakišišo tša komiti ya Farlam, Ramaphosa o boletše gore Lonmin e ile ya hlohleletša mmušo le SAPS sa mathomo go hwetša go ba gona mo gogolo ga maphodisa kua Lonmin gomme sa bobedi go hlaola seo se diregago bjalo ka bosenyi go e na le tiragalo ya dikamano tša intasteri.
Khomišene ya Dinyakišišo ya Marikana e ile ya feleletša e hweditše gore ge go lebelelwa mahu ao a šetšego a diregile, tsenogare ya gagwe ga se ya hlola koketšego ya maphodisa lefelong leo, e bile ga se a tseba gore tshepedišo e tla direga ka la 16 Phato.
Ka Phato 2017, Ramaphosa o be a amega ka mahlabisadihlong ao a bego a bolela gore o bile ditabeng tše mmalwa tša ka ntle ga lenyalo gomme o be a amega go lefa tšhelete go batho ka bomong mola a hlokomela ditaba tšeo. Ramaphosa ka morago o ile a latola ditatofatšo tšeo a re di na le maikemišetšo a dipolotiki go tloša lesolo la gagwe la bopresidente.
Di-doctorate tša tlhompho le difoka[lokiša | edit source]
Gare ga tše dingwe, Ramaphosa o amogetše dithuto tša bongaka tša tlhompho go tšwa Yunibesithing ya Natal , Yunibesithing ya Port Elizabeth , Yunibesithing ya Cape Town , Yunibesithing ya Leboa , Yunibesithi ya Bosetšhaba ya Lesotho , Yunibesithi ya Bosetšhaba ya Ireland Galway Yunibesithing ya Massachusetts Boston le Yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania .
Ramaphosa o amogetše sefoka sa Olof Palme kua Stockholm ka Diphalane 1987.
Ka 2004, o ile a boutela maemong a bo 34 a Top 100 Great South Africans .
Ramaphosa o ile a akaretšwa ka go 2007 Time 100 , lenaneo la ngwaga le ngwaga la banna le basadi ba 100 bao maatla a bona, talente goba mohlala wa boitshwaro o fetošago lefase.
Ramaphosa o amogetše Sefoka sa Golden Plate sa American Academy of Achievement ka 2009, seo se filwego ke leloko la Lekgotla la Difoka Mopišopomogolo Desmond Tutu moletlong wa go aba difoka ka St. George's Cathedral ka Motsekapa, Afrika Borwa.
Ramaphosa o ile a kgethwa bjalo ka yo mongwe wa Batho ba 100 ba go ba le khuetšo ye kgolo ya makasine wa Time ba 2019.
Maemo a boditšhabatšhaba[lokiša | edit source]
Karolong ya gagwe bjalo ka rakgwebo, Ramaphosa ke leloko la Lekgotla la Boeletši la Boditšhabatšhaba la Khamphani ya Coca-Cola gammogo le Lekgotla la Keletšo la Unilever Africa. Gape e bile motlatšamodulasetulo wa mathomo wa Lekgotla la Kgwebo la Commonwealth .
Gotee le mopresidente wa peleng wa Finland, Martti Ahtisaari , o ile a kgethwa go ba mohlahlobi wa mafelo a go lahlela dibetša a Sešole sa Repabliki sa Ireland kua Ireland Leboa. Ramaphosa ke moemedi wa tlhompho wa Iceland ka Johannesburg, Afrika Borwa.
Mathateng a 2007–2008 a Kenya , ao a latetšego go kgethwa gape mo go ngangišanwago ka gona ga Mopresidente Mwai Kibaki ka Dibatsela 2007, Ramaphosa o ile a kgethwa ka go dumelelana ke sehlopha sa botsenagare seo se eteletšwego pele ke Kofi Annan go ba motsenagare yo mogolo yo a hlokometšego go eta pele dipoledišano tša lebaka le letelele. Le ge go le bjalo, mmušo wa Kibaki o bontšhitše go se kgotsofale ka kgetho ya Ramaphosa, wa bolela gore o na le dikgokagano tša kgwebo le moganetši wa Kibaki Raila Odinga , gomme Annan o ile a amogela go gogela morago ga Ramaphosa mo temaneng ya motsenagare yo mogolo ka la 4 Hlakola. Go ya ka Ramaphosa, Odinga o ile a mo etela ka 2007, eupša o be a se na "kgahlego ye e kgethegilego" yeo e bego e tla mo dira gore a rate lehlakore le lengwe goba le lengwe; le ge go le bjalo, o boletše gore a ka se kgone go ba motsenagare yo a šomago gabotse ntle le "go tshepa le go bota ga mekgatlo ka moka" le gore yena, ka fao, o bona go tla ba kaone gore a boele Afrika Borwa go efoga go ba lepheko ditherišanong.
Bophelo bja motho ka noši[lokiša | edit source]
Ramaphosa ke motho wa poraebete kudu gomme ga go tsebje kudu ka bophelo bja gagwe bja motho ka noši. Ramaphosa peleng o be a nyetše Hope Ramaphosa (1978–1989) yoo a nago le morwa le yena, gomme ka morago a nyala le go hlala, mosadi wa kgwebo yo ga bjale a hlokofetšego Nomazizi Mtshotshisa (1991–1993). Ka 1996, o ile a nyala Tshepo Motsepe, ngaka ya bongaka le kgaetšedi ya ramabilione yo a humilego ya meepo ya Afrika Borwa Patrice Motsepe. Ramaphosa o na le bana ba bahlano bao ba tsebegago.
O na le ntlo ya maemo a godimo maotong a Hlogo ya Tau ka Motsekapa. Ramaphosa o tsebega e le yo mongwe wa batho bao ba humilego kudu ka Afrika Borwa, ka lehumo leo le akanyetšwago go feta $ 450 milione gomme o tšweletše ka dimakasineng tša ditšhelete tša go swana le Forbes Africa le Bloomberg .
Ke modumedi wa dipolelo tše dintši , gomme o tsebega ka go akaretša mehutahuta ya maleme a Afrika Borwa ge a neela bontši bja dipolelo tša gagwe.
Ramaphosa gape ke mothei wa Cyril Ramaphosa Foundation.
Ditšhupetšo[lokiša | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Simon (10 February 2020). "South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to "silence the guns," boost trade and close gender gap". Today News Africa. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "NPC Commissioners". National Planning Commission. 4 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ Mtimka, Ongama. "Ramaphosa has what it takes to fix South Africa's ailing ANC. But ..." ..." The Conversation. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "How Cyril Ramaphosa and Roelf Meyer joined forces to bring democracy to SA". Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ S., Saul, John. South Africa – the present as history : from Mrs. Ples to Mandela & Marikana. Woodbridge, Suffolk. ISBN 9781847010926. OCLC 872681428
- ↑ tinashe (30 June 2011). "Negotiations and the transition" African History Online. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ Munusamy, Ranjeni (20 December 2012). "Cyril Ramaphosa: the return of Nelson Mandela's chosen one". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ↑ "Here are the 20 richest people in South Africa". BusinessTech. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
- ↑ "Ramaphosa declares ownership of 31 properties". Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "R2K protest for investigation into MTN and Ramaphosa corruption allegations". Right2Know Campaign. 12 October 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ Turner, Craig McKune and George Turner, Craig McKune, George. "Ramaphosa and MTN's offshore stash". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "Ramaphosa sells business stakes, creates billion-dollar black-owned company". BizNews.com. 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ Mawson, Nicola. "Ramaphosa steps down as MTN chairman". ITWeb Technology News. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "Cyril Ramaphosa's conflict of interest – Corruption Watch". Corruption Watch. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "Glencore, Ramaphosa eye 50/50 mining JVs in SA". Moneyweb. 11 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "Presidency, Glencore slam Ramaphosa Eskom claims". Fin24. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "Did Ramaphosa benefit from Eskom coal deals?". Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ↑ "Bosasa paid me R2m, says Andile Ramaphosa | IOL News". www.iol.co.za. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ↑ "The Ramaphosas' Bosasa money: Same script, different cast". News24. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ↑ "The Ramaphosas' Bosasa money: Same script, different cast". News24. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ↑ Smith, David (24 October 2012). "Lonmin emails paint ANC elder as a born-again robber baron". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ↑ "Cyril Ramaphosa: The true betrayal | Daily Maverick". Daily Maverick. 26 October 2012. Archived from the original on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
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External links[edit][lokiša | edit source]
- Thabo Mbeki
- Jacob Zuma
- Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
- Baleka Mbete
- Kgalema Motlanthe
- Cyril Ramaphosa
- David Mabuza
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