APENDICE
“Alma” ni “Spiritu”—Yika Yinalumbunuka?
YIKA “alma” ni “spiritu” yinalumbunuka kuli yena? Atu anji kakunyonga ngwo maliji wano kanalumbunuka chimwe chuma chize kuchishi kumoneka nawa kuchishi kufwa chili mu mujimba wetu. Ayo kakunyonga ngwo nyi mutu hafwa chuma chacho chakukatuka mu mujimba, nawa chakusala ni mwono. Amu nyonga liacho hilialitanda, atu anji kakukomoka hakunyingika ngwo Mbimbiliya kuyishi kulongesa chocho. Kulita ni Liji lia Zambi, “alma” ni “spiritu” yika yinalumbunuka?
CHIZE ALUMBUNUNA “ALMA” MU MBIMBILIYA
Chitangu tutalenu alma. Iwuluka ngwe Mbimbiliya kayisonekene chitangu mu limi lia Hepreu ni Ngregu. Muze asonekene hakutwala ku alma, akwa-kusoneka Mbimbiliya kasonekene liji neʹphesh mu Hepreu hanji psy·kheʹ mu Ngregu. Maliji wano mu Mbimbiliya Mukanda Usandu wa Zambi kanaalumbununa ngwo “mwono,” hanji “alma” ngwe chize chili mu Samu 16:10 ni Ezekiele 18:4, 20. Mu Mbimbiliya liji “neʹphesh” linalumbunuka (1) atu, (2) tushitu, hanji (3) mwono wa mutu hanji wa kashitu. Tutalenu yimwe yisoneko yize yinasolola ulumbunwiso uno utatu.
Atu. ‘Ha matangwa ja Noa, atu nake wika, aalamwinyine ku meya.’ (1 Petulu 3:20) Ha chisoneko chino liji “atu” mu Mbimbiliya jikwo kakulimbununa ngwo alma—Noa, mukwo-pwo, ana jenyi atatu hamwe ni mapwo jo atatu. Mukanda wa Kutuhuka 16:16 unatongola shimbi jize ahanyine kuli A-Izalele ja kukunga manaa. Ayo kalwekele ngwo: “Mutu ni mutu akunge. . . nikulita ni kwalula cha atu (hanji alma) jenu.” Kashika mutu ni mutu te makunga manaa kulita ni unji wa atu a mu usoko wenyi. Yilweza yikwo ya Mbimbiliya yize yinasolola ngwo alma “mutu” yili mu mikanda ya Uputukilo 46:8; Yoshua 11:11; Yilinga 27:37; ni A-Roma 13:1.
Tushitu. Mu mukanda wa Uputukilo munambe ngwo: “Zambi yamba ngwenyi, Meya akazale ni yizavu ya akwa-mwono. Tujila akahumuke helu lia hashi mu kuzazuluka cha lilu. Zambi yamba nawa ngwenyi, Hashi hazale ni akwa mwono kulita ni mavungu jo, ni yimuna, ni akwa kukalala, ni tushitu a hashi nikulita ni mavungu jo. Mba yichipwa chocho.” (Uputukilo 1:20, 24) Ha versu jino, alma ja yishi, tujila, tushitu ni yimuna, eswe kanayivuluka ngwo—“akwa-mwono.” Tushitu kanaavuluka nawa ngwo akwa-mwono ha mikanda yino, Uputukilo 9:10; Ulevi 11:46; ni Kwalula 31:28.
Mwono wa mutu. Ha mashimbu akwo liji “alma” linalumbunuka mwono uze mutu alinawo. Yehova kambile kuli Mose ngwenyi: “Malunga eswe afupile kukushiha [kushiha alma ye] hanafu.” (Kutuhuka 4:19) Yika te akwa-kole ja Mose afupile kumulinga? Ayo te kanazange kushiha mwono wa Mose. Kunyima lia yuma yino muze Rakele te anaseme mwanenyi Mbenjamine ‘mwono wenyi te unasutuka (mumu te kanafu).’ (Uputukilo 35:16-19) Hazehene Rakele mwono wenyi yiusutuka. Tala nawa maliji a Yesu waze ambile ngwenyi: “Kafunga mupema yami. Kafunga mupema matumbika mwono wenyi hali mapanga.” (Yoano 10:11) Yesu kahanyine alma hanji mwono wenyi, ha mukunda wa atu eswe. Ha versu jino ja Mbimbiliya liji “mwono” lie alumbununa ngwo alma. Yena muwana nawa yilwezo yinji hakutwala ku liji alma ngwo “mwono” ha yisoneko yino, 1 Mianangana 17:17-23; Mateu 10:39; Yoano 15:13; Yilinga 20:10.
Ha kulilongesa kanawa Liji lia Zambi, munyingika ngwe mu Mbimbiliya kumushi nilimwe liji lize linasolola ngwo “mwono” hanji alma “kuyishi kufwa” chipwe ngwo yili ya “mutolo.” Alioze, Yisoneko yinasolola ngwo alma hanji mwono wakufwa. (Ezekiele 18:4, 20) Kashika Mbimbiliya yakuvuluka mutu yoze hafwa ngwo alma hanji “mujimba wa mufu.”—Levi 21:11.
“SPIRITU” YIKA YINALUMBUNUKA?
Tutalenu chize Mbimbiliya yakulumbununa liji “spiritu.” Amwe atu kakunyonga ngwo “spiritu” yili liji likwo lize linalumbunuka alma hanji “mwono.” Alioze hi chocho ko. Mbimbiliya yinalongesa ngwo “spiritu” ni “mwono” kali maliji aali alisa. Kuchi alisa?
Akwa-kusoneka Mbimbiliya kasonekene liji ruʹach lia Hepreu hanji pneuʹma lia Ngregu lize linalumbunuka ngwo “spiritu” hanji “mwiku.” Mbimbiliya yinasolola kanawa ulumbunwiso wa maliji jacho. Chakutalilaho, mukanda wa Samu 104:29 unambe ngwo: Nyi Yehova ‘maatambula mwiku [spiritu] wo, o kumafwa, kumahiluka ku fufuta.’ Nawa mukanda wa Tiangu 2:26 unambe ngwo: “Mujimba kuushi spiritu kuunafu.” Ha versu jino, “spiritu” yinalumbunuka chuma chize chakuhana mwono ku mujimba. Mujimba nyi kuushi spiritu kuunafu. Chikwo nawa, mu Mbimbiliya liji ruʹach keshi kulilumbununa wika “spiritu” alioze nawa “mwiku” hanji tachi ja mwono. Chakutalilaho, hakutwala ku Sanga lia meya ha mashimbu ja Noa Zambi yamba ngwenyi: “Munguneha sanga lia meya hashi lia kunongesa musunya weswe kushi lia malilu uze ukwete mwiku wa mwono.” (Uputukilo 6:17; 7:15, 22) Ha chino “spiritu” yinalumbunuka tachi jize kujishi kumoneka jize akwa-mwono eswe ali najo.
Alma hi spiritu ko. Mujimba wakukalakala ni spiritu chizechene ngwe chisaji chakukalakala ni kahia kazembwe. Achinyonga chisaji chize chakumbata pilia. Yena nyi wasa pilia mu chisaji muchiputuka kukalakala ha mukunda wa kahia kaze kali ku pilia. Chisaji nyi kuchishi ni pilia kuchichi kwimba. Chipwe chisaji chize chakukalakala ni kahia kazembwe nyi machichiza ku kahia kuchishi kwimba nawa. Chizechene nawa, spiritu yili tachi jize jakuhana mwono mu mujimba. Spiritu yili ngwe kahia kazembwe, kuyishi kwivwa chipwe kunyonga. Spiritu yili tachi hi mutu ko. Alioze nyi mujimba wetu kuushi ni spiritu hanji ‘mwiku kumuuhiluka ku fufuta’ ngwe chize ambile mukwa-kwimba masamu.
Chilumbununyi 12:7 unambe hakutwala ku kufwa cha mutu ngwo: “Fufuta [ya mujimba wenyi] muyihiluka ku mavu chizechene yapwile, ni mwiku wa mwono muuhiluka kuli Zambi yoze wauhanyine.” Muze spiritu, hanji mwiku wa mwono muukatuka, mujimba wakufwa ni kufuna kuze auchijile—kufufuta. Mwiku wa mwono wakuhiluka kuze wakatukile—kuli Zambi. (Yombi 34:14, 15; Samu 36:9) Chino kuchalumbunukine ngwo mwiku wa mwono wakukatuka ni kuya mu malilu. Alioze chinalumbunuka ngwo mutu nyi hafwa, kutalatala chenyi cha kupwa cheka ni mwono chili kuli Yehova Zambi. Mwono wenyi uli mu moko ja Zambi. Zambi wika mwe uli ni ndundo ja kufunyisa spiritu hanji mwiku wa mwono kuli mutu wacho hanga apwe nawa ni mwono.
Chakututakamisa chinji hakunyingika ngwo che Zambi makalinga kuli “waze eswe ali mu mafuka”! (Yoano 5:28, 29) Ha mashimbu a uhindukilo, Yehova makalinga mijimba yaha ya atu waze ali mu ufwe ni kuyisa spiritu hanji mwiku wa mwono hanga yipwe ni mwono. Tangwa liacho mulikapwa lia uwahililo unji kuli atu.
Nyi unazange kunyingika nawa hakutwala ku “alma” ni “spiritu” chize anayilumbununa mu Mbimbiliya, tala malongeso ha kamukanda O Que Acontece Conosco Quando Morremos? ha mafwo 32-36 ni ha mukanda Raciocínios à Base das Escrituras mafwo 142-146, yakufwambwisa kuli Yela ja Yehova.
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