Hafeere loranooɓe e kewkewe 1989-1991 (mooliiɓe e foksineeruuji ceekanooɗi) ellee gasaani tawo :
– Kaaytugol artirde Muritaninaaɓe mooliiɓe to Mali ;
– Dartingol golle gartirgol Muritaninaaɓe mooliiɓe to Senegaal, sibu ina wiyee wonde fotde 5 000 ɗaɓɓaande gartugol njaɓaaka ;
– Golle binnditagol foksineeruuji e gollotooɓe e laamu loranooɓe e kewkewe 1989, puɗɗanooɗe gila 2010 alaa ko njibini tawo ;
– Caɗeele teeŋtuɗe artiraaɓe ɓee kawrata ngam waawde jooɗaade e heɓtude ngonka mum en (golle, jaŋde sukaaɓe ekn) ;
Hol peeje nganniyi-ɗon ƴettude, aan kalifu, ngam dañande ɗeeɗoo caɗeele kala safaruuji juumtuɗi ?
Depitee Kajjata Maalik Jallo
[bleu]Paccirgol naamnal jawtangal jowitiingal e doosiyee loranooɓe e kewkewe 1989-1991 (mooliiɓe e foksineeruuji), kuccinangal e kalifu geɗe nder leydi e bellitgol.[/bleu]
Laamu Muritani tacciniino ujunnaaje ujunnaaje muritaninaaɓe ɓaleeɓe feewde Senegaal e kewkewe 1989 muusɗe ɗee. Won heen kadi, ngam daɗndude pittaali mum en, e jawdi mum en, ndogi, mooloyii Senegaal e Mali. Gila ndeen, ɓe meeɗaa seerde e ɗaɓɓude gartugol e leydi maɓɓe ngam heɓtude hakkeeji maɓɓe jaɓɓaaɗi. Heewɓe mballitii ɓe, gila e nder leydi hee haa e boowal mayri, kono gartirgol maɓɓe ngol ronkaama yo joof haa hannde, sabu kittugol gagga oo, kono, e ko ɓuri teeŋtude, sabu darɗe ceertuɗe laamuuji Muritani.
Gila nde laamu Wul Taaya yeddatnoo haa jebbilii heɓtinde ɗum hay so haalaani (nde wiyata « so tawii won Muritaninaaɓe ngoni caggal leydi sabu sabaabu baawɗo wonde kala, aɓe mbaawi artude »), haa yettii nde persidaa Siidi wul Sheex Abdallaahi heɓtini geɗe ɗee, felliti ummanaade artirde heddinooɓe Senegaal e Mali, e ballal HCR, gartirgol ngol waɗi ko e daawe keewɗe :
1. Artirɓe koye mum en : ngol toɗɗii ko ina wona 15 000 neɗɗo. Ɓeeɗoo njaɓɓaaka, mballitaaka jooɗaade.
2. Gartugol dewngol e tuugnorgal ballal ganndirangal « Tuugnorgal keeringal Naattingol Jaawngol walla PSIR » : ngal toɗɗii ko fotde 34 000 neɗɗo. Hay so tawii laamu Muritani jaɓiino PSIR, ina wayino golle ɗee mbaɗaa ko e suuɗaare ; ko ɗum tagi artunooɓe heen ɓee njaɓɓaaka, tee joɗɗinaaka.
3. Gartugol juɓɓinangol e nder nanondiral tat-tatiwal 2007 (nanondiral hakkunde banngeeji tati) : tuggude saawiyee 2008 haa desammbar 2010, fotde 20 484 neɗɗo ngartiraama heen. Daawal cakkitiingal ngal kadi ina feccitoo e pecce ɗiɗi :
– Gadanal innirangal « gartirgol hoore mum » tuggi saawiyee 2008 haa desammbar 2009 e ballal HCR (19 048 neɗɗo ngartii).
– Ɗiɗmal innirangal « gartugol ballitangol » tuggi oktoobar 2010 haa desammbar 2010, ɗo ANAIR lomtii HCR (1 436 neɗɗo ngartiraama heen).
Ɗum fof haɗaani ko ina wona 5 000 neɗɗo ina padi haa hannde jaabtawol ɗaɓɓaande mum en gartugol, tee alaa fof tuugnorgal woodi toppitiingal artirde mooliiɓe to Mali.
Eɗen poti heɓtinde golle potɗe maneede baɗaaɗe e daawal gadanal ngal (gartirgol hoore mum), sibu ɓeen tuusaama kolce ɓirooje, udditanaa mangasiinuuji nguura e farmasiiji, ngaddanaa masiŋaaji cokkooji e unooji, e gurupaaji kuuraa, ngasanaa boyli e foorasuuji ekn. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, aɓe ngondi haa hannde e caɗeele keewɗe :
1) Etaa siwil
Ko ɓuri heewde e artunooɓe e « gartugol ngol heblanaaka » walla e rewrude e PSIR (fotde 50 000 neɗɗo) ndañaani heɓtude kaayitaaji mum en, tee alaa fof feere sakkaa ngam ñawndude ɗuum. Ɗum ɓuri teeŋtude fof ko wonande sukaaɓe jibinanooɓe Senegaal. Ko ina wona e 60% e artunooɓe e daawal cakkitiingal ngal (ngal HCR yuɓɓinnoo ngal), ndañii kaayitaaji jibinegol.
Artiranooɓe (idiiɓe e sakkitiiɓe fof) heɓɓe karte dentitee ina limoo. Ko ɗum tagi aɓe ngondi e caɗeele mawɗe to bannge yah-ngartaa e jaŋde e golle ; tee ɓuri tinde ɗum fof ko sagataaɓe, wonduɓe hannde e ngaanumma mawɗo.
Ɗumɗoo ina foti addande ma faamde, kaliifu, faayre mawnde heɓtiinde ɓaleeɓe Muritani e ngolɗoo binnditagol luurdangol. Ina haannoo paamon ɗum, njuurnito-ɗon golle mbaɗaton ɗee, sabu majje heewde ŋakke, ŋakke kollitanooɗe gila e fuɗɗoode binnditagol ngol. Ɗuum maa addantuno en ruuɗaade seppooji ɗi mbaydi leñol, e neegre ɓurtunde laamu ngu ngam haɗde ɗi. Ɗum wonanii kam fartaŋŋe duwanaade ɓesngu oo suka biyeteeɗo Lamin Manngaan, bardaaɗo kure doole kisal leydi ndii to Magaama, mi wiya kadi yo Alla rokku gaañiiɓe ɓee e leeptaaɓe ɓee jam e cellal, haa arti noon e suka biyeteeɗo Baccili, ganntirɗo hannde to opitaal Nuwaasoot. Miɗo yaakorii tan denndaangal peeje cakkaama ngam anndude saabiiɓe ɗii bonanndeeji ngam siynude e mum en ñaawoore.
2. Gagga leydi
Hafeere leydi fof ɓuri farwude, nde tawnoo ina yaawi saabaade kareeli hakkunde leƴƴi. Alaa fof ko laamu nguu ñawndi e caɗeele leyɗeele ndema keɓtanooɗe, tottaa woɗɓe. Ko ɓuri ɗum bonde nii, juɓɓule laamu nokkuyankooje ɗee, ina urɓa luure hakkunde yimɓe ɓee, ellee yiɗɓe felɓondirde ɓe.
Yeru, to Gorgol, e nder arondismaa Tufnde Siiwe to Ganki e Garli, mawɗo arondismaa oo, alaa feere yiyti so wonaa wiyde jooɗiiɓe e leyɗeeje ɗe artiraaɓe ɓee njiɗi rokkiteede ɗee « njahee ndemee ! Hay gooto waawaa haɗde on ɗuum » e wiyde woɗɓe ɓee (artiraaɓe ɓee) « so on mbaawii ndeeƴon, so wonaa ɗum min ndiiwa on, sibu oɗon nganndi on njeyaaka ɗoo ». Hono ɗeeɗoo caɗeele ina tawee e yoga e tuddule artiraaɓ ɓee.
3. Koɗki ki moƴƴaani
Galleeji (jinnaaɓe e ɓesngu mum en, e taaniraaɓe mum en) wattindiiɓe artireede ɓee (tuggi Baabaaɓe haa Gidimaka e to Asaaba) mbaɗaa ko e tillisaaji e caale senngu. Ko fotnoo muñoreede wontii huunde jaalɗunde.
4. Hafeere foksineeruuji e gollotooɓe e laamu
Goomu kalfinanoongu winnditaade foksineeruuji e gollotooɓe e laamu loraaɓe e kewkewe 1989-1991 ngu laamu nguu lelnunoo e oktaabar 2009, haa hannde joofnaani golle mum. Hol ko saabii ɗee golle ina leeltira nii fof (duuɓi ɗiɗi ngam winnditaade ko timmaani 2000 neɗɗo) ? Ƴettitgol jannginooɓe baɗangol ngol ina woɗɗi nuunɗude, sibu ɓe ƴettitiraa tan ko ɗo ɓe njahratnoo e 1989. Ko ɗum saabii mette e meseer riiwanooɓe e leydi mum en, kaɗaa golle e njoɓdi mum ko ina wona duuɓi 20, fotnooɓe rokkeede ndaamordi sabu ko mbonnaanaa koo, ɗuum alaa, nduttinee caggal, fotde duuɓi 20. Gonnooɗo eestititeer galaŋ 3ɓo e hitaande 1989 arta tawa mo tolnondiroo ina yahra e galaŋ 11, kañum heddoo e galaŋ 3ɓo. Woni o heɓa hedde 74 000 UM tawa musiɗɗo makko oya ina heɓa hedde 105 000 UM ko famɗi fof.
5. Jaŋde e golle
Alaa fof ballal sukaaɓe artiraaɓe ɓee mballitaa sabu ngonka mum en keeriika to bannge jaŋde e golle. Seeɗa mo ANAIR jogii oo, haaɗata ko e njoɓdi yimɓe gollinta ɓee, artiraaɓe ɓee e sukaaɓe mum en alaa ko ndañata heen.
6. Aynaaɓe e remooɓe
Alaa fof ko ɓe miijanaa ; wonaa wonande jawdi maɓɓe mbaasaandi ndii, wonaa ƴeewde mbele aɓe mbaawi walleede no ɓe njooɗorii. Ɗoo ne kadi, ko fenaande mawnde.
7. Mooliiɓe to Mali
E lewru suwee 2010, a jaabinooma naamnal depitee gooto, mbiy-ɗaa wonde alaa mo Dowla Muritani taccini feewde Mali. Ko googa ? Kono ko fulɓe ɓee mbaɗaa to Sehilbaabi e wul Yenje e Kankoosa koo, ɓuri bonde e taccineede : ownugol beeli, warngooji, tilfiiɓe ɓe njiytaaka, teettugol jawdi ndariindi, tawi ɗum fof ko golle njuɓɓudi laamu, bannge siwil e konu kala, walla milisaaji ɗi ɓe kuufi. Eɗen ciftora nde yimɓe njeeɗiɗo (7) mbardaa laawol gootol to Woynduyol, kam e majjere 27 neɗɗo wondunooɓe e debodeedi en ɗiɗo to Mutalla, e yeruuji goɗɗi ɗi en mbaawaa limtude. Ɓeeɗoo fulɓe alaa no mbaawnoo waɗde, so wonaa mooloyaade leydi keerondiraandi, woni Mali. Aɓe tolnoo e ujunnaaje 10 haa 12 ujunere neɗɗo.
Tuggi 1993 won e maɓɓe pelliti artude. Ɗum woni yimɓe gure ɗeeɗoo : Wul Jiddu Fulaaɓe, Lubeyre Barinaaɓe e Lubeyra Ifraa, tee, ɓe ndonkii ruttaade e gure maɓɓe sibu woɗɓe ina koɗi heen, ɓe ndoŋkii heɓtude leyɗeele maɓɓe, ɓe mbaawaa hay asde ɓulli e nokku ɗo ɓe tawnoo jiknaaɓe maɓɓe, ɓeen tawnoo jiknaaɓe mum en… Ko ɗumɗoo yammini ɓerɗe heddiiɓe ɓee. E hitaande 2010 haakem Wul Yenje haɗiino yimɓe jeyanooɓe e wuro Wul Jiddu Ganngenaaɓe artunooɓe, hoɗtude e wuro mum en, ko maa tergal guwarnama mon jilli heen nde ɓe ndañi ɗuum.
Hol ko saabii ɓeeɗoo ɓiɗɓe leydi mbaɗanaaka tuugnorgal gartugol ? Ƴeewaa noon won lappol nelanoo Mali (Kayes) e maɓɓe, e lewru ut 2007, tee ɓeen kabriino ɓe yiɗde laamu nguu artirde ɓe.
E lewru saawiyee 2010, nde kabrataa ummanagol binnditagol mawngol, moolinooɓe Mali pelliti artude hoto luuteede oo fartaŋŋe. Ina wiyee wonde HCR winnditiima ɓe, ngam heblude gartugol maɓɓe. Aɗa goongɗini oo kabaaru ? So ɗum alaa, hol ko feere cakkan-ɗon ɓe ?
On njaaraama.
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