Min podaniino on artude e ngonka Pulaar/fulfule e leyɗe ɗo ngal haaletee ɗoo. En mbiyiino eɗen puɗɗoroo Gine Konaakiri.
Ko ardii fof, Gine ko leydi hirnaange Afrik. Heedi ndi bannge hirnaange ko geec Atlantik, bannge hirnaange-rewo ko Gine Bisaaw, bannge rewo ko Senegaal, fuɗnaange ko Mali, fuɗnaange-worgo ko Koddiwaar, bannge worgo ko Liberiyaa e Siraaleyoon.
Min podaniino on artude e ngonka Pulaar/fulfule e leyɗe ɗo ngal haaletee ɗoo. En mbiyiino eɗen puɗɗoroo Gine Konaakiri.
Ko ardii fof, Gine ko leydi hirnaange Afrik. Heedi ndi bannge hirnaange ko geec Atlantik, bannge hirnaange-rewo ko Gine Bisaaw, bannge rewo ko Senegaal, fuɗnaange ko Mali, fuɗnaange-worgo ko Koddiwaar, bannge worgo ko Liberiyaa e Siraaleyoon.
Njaajeendi mayri ko 245 857 km2 (feccere leydi Farayse). Leydi ndii ina feccitee e nokkuuji nay mawɗi : Gine daande geec (Gine les), Gine hakkundeejo walla Fuuta Jaloŋ, (ko nokku kaaƴe mawɗe), Gine toowɗo (nokku puɗi mawɗi e dunli cerwuɗi, hakkunde jeereende e dunli), Gine dunndu (nokku dunli cukkuɗi).
Maaje keewɗe, hono maayo Niiseer, Maayo Senegaal e maayo Gammbi, e caaɗli mum en, ko toon « ɓulata ». Ko ɗum waɗi Gine Konaakiri wiyeede « satoodoo » (Château d’eau) Afrik hirnaange. Gine ko leydi ngalɗundi, keewndi oogirɗe (boksit, kaŋŋe, njamndi, jamaŋ, petroŋ e iraaniyoom).
Gine jogii tan ko ndunngu e ceeɗu. Bannge worgo leydi ina toɓa fotde lebbi 10.
To bannge ɗemɗe, ko wonnoo ngoƴa men koo, leydi ndii ina waɗi fotde ɗemɗe 20. Ɓurɗe yaajde ɗee ko ɗeeɗoo : Soso (Susu), Pulaar e Maninkaa. E hitaande 1955 ko nii ɗe mbaydunoo : Pulaar, 40% ; Malinkaa, 35% e Soso 15%. Hannde, ina sikkaa wonde limooje ɗee ngoɗɗaani ɗeeɗoo : Malinkaa en, 30-35%, Fulɓe, 30% e Susu en, 18%, woni ɗiiɗoo leƴƴi tati so ndenndii, maa ɓur 80% yimɓe leydi ndii.
Ina teskaa, e nder Konaakiri, wonde Pulaar ina deestanoo Susu. Ko noon kadi wonande Malinkaa e nder Gine daande Geec, deestanortoo Susu. E nder nokku dunli cukkuɗi oo, 40% haalooɓe Malinkaa, muuynaani ɗum. E nder nokkuuji tati keddiiɗi ɗii, ko Susu ɓuri waawde layde ɗoon, sibu haalooɓe ngal tawi muuynaani ngal ko nii ciforii : 36% e nokku Gine Les, 35% e nder Gine Hakkundeejo (Fuuta), 43% e nder Gine Toowɗo e 38% e nder Konaakiri. Ɗum firti ko hay e nder Fuuta Jaloŋ hee, ɗemngal Susu ngal ina laya heen.
So artii e kuutoragol ɗemɗe ɗee e nder nguurndam, gila e galle, golle, jehre, mbedda, hakkunde sehilaaɓe ekn … ina teskaa wonde, wonande ɗemɗe tati ɗee kala, ko mawɓe ɓuri heewde huutoraade ɗe. Ɗum firti ko ɗemɗe ɗee ina ndeestoo, ina njahra caggal. Wonande Pulaar, ngal deestoriima nii (ummaade e mawɓe faade e sukaaɓe) : 19 faade 13% e nder Konaakiri, 30 faade 20% e nder Gine Les, 73 faayde 57% ender Fuuta oo, 12 faade 8% nder Gine Dow, 7 faade 5% nder Gine Dundu. Ɗemɗe ɗeeɗoo fof kadi, ko Farayse woni e ñaamde ɗum en. Sibu ko nii ɓurondiral ngal siforii hakkunde mawɓe e sukaaɓe : 5 e 27% nder Konaakiri, 2 e 25% nder Gine Les, 2 e 23% nder Gine hakkundeejo (Fuuta), 1 e 25% nder Gine Dow, 4 e 27% nder Gine Dundu. Kono tan, ina gasa tawa ɗum jotondiri ko e jaŋde ekkol. E nder jehreeji e otooji, ina teskaa ɗemngal heen kala ina doolni e nokku mum. Ɗum firti ko Farayse ɓuri heewde haaleede e nder gollorɗi, haa arti noon e nder njuɓɓudi laamu, huunde nde haawnaaki. Kono tan Farayse ina yahri yeeso e denndaangal nokkuuji ɗii, tee waɗtii haaleede no moƴƴi e nder galleeji keewɗi.
Yanti e ɗuum, jaayɗe ɗee ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko Farayse.
To bannge kuutoragol ɗemɗe ɗee e nder jaŋde, ɗum fawii ko e politikaaji laamuuji deggondirɗi e arodrde leydi ndii. E nder leyɗe Afrik kuutortooɗe Farayse, ko Gine tan meeɗi naatnude ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder tippudi mum nehdi e jaŋde haa yettii hitaande ɗiɗmere jaŋde hakkundeere (Hitaande ɗiɗmere kolees) e kitaaale 1968 haa 1984. Kono e ooɗoo sahaa, ko ɓuri heewde e Ginenaaɓe ngonanaani gartirgol ɗemɗe ɗee e nder jaŋde hee (78%).
Ko laaɓi tan, e nder leydi Gine ndii, Pulaar jeyaa ko e ɗemɗe tati ɓurɗe doownude. Hay so tawii teskaama Farayse e Soso ina ƴellitoo toon ne, ittataa ɗemngal ngal ina jokki e wuurde e nder nokkuuji mum gaadoraaɗi. Heddii, ko alaa politik laamu nguu ƴetti ngam naatnude ngal e jaŋde e waɗtude ngal ɗemngal laamu.
Bookara Aamadu Ba
Ƴoogirde : Alfaa Mammadu Jallo e winndannde mum « Usage et images des langues en Guinée »
fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn fuv_Latn wol_Latn fra_Latn