Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije: Tonngoode yamiroore cosgol duɗal ngal, ko 79.348/PG/MEFS ñalnde 12/10/1979. Duɗal ngal ina foti yuɓɓinde e renndinde e ƴellitde denndaangal wiɗtooji ciyneteeɗi feewde e ɗemɗe ngenndiije fof. E ndii mbaydi, golle duɗal ngal ko heblude naatgol ɗemɗe Pulaar, Sooninke et Wolof e nder jaŋde leslesre e heblude jannginooɓe e wallifaade defte. Ƴeewde jaŋde nde ko naamni to bannge geɗe memotooɗe e to bannge ngalu. Anndude kadi nafooje potɗe wonde e kuutoragol ɗemɗe ɗe to bannge jaŋde leslesre, e kumpital e geɗe jokkondire e faggude e liggeey ekn…
Heblo : Duɗal Ɗemɗe ngenndiije heblii ko ɓuri 500 jannginoowo e diisneteeɓe e horooɓe e nder ñalɗi juɓɓinaaɗi to “ENI” e nder jiilirde diiwanuuji wonande
jaŋde leslesre nder nokku heblo duɗal ngal kadi ɗoo e Nuwaasot, hakkunde 1980 e 1999.
Ngal huufii 52 duɗal jarriborgal (66 jannginirdu) kuutoriiɗe Pulaar, Sooninke, e Wolof hono ɗemɗe gadane to Tararsa, Barakna, Gorgol, Gidimaka, Asaaba, Nuwaasoot, Nuwaadibu e Tiriis Semmur ; hakkunde 1982 e 1988 duɗe 14 arab ɗo e Nuwaasoot, to Rooso e Kayhayɗi mbaɗti janngude Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof hono ɗemɗe ɗiɗaɓe. Kalifu nehdi ngenndi waɗii fotde 109 jannginoowo e les njiimaandi Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije. Caggal heblo juutngo, tuugiingo e humpitooji leyɗeele catiiɗe en, jarribagol ɗemɗe ɗe fuɗɗii ko e oktoobar 1982 e nder duɗe 12 wonande doge garwane. Limmoore duɗe ɗee yettiima 52. Ɗe tawetenoo ko e diiwanuuji Tararsa, Barakna, Gorgol, Gidimaka, Asaaba, Nuwaasoot, Daaklet Nuwadibu, Tiris Semmuur. Huufnoo ɗeen duɗe ko 109 jaggal, hakkunde jannginooɓe e Diisneteeɓe karallaagal jaŋde e goomuu rewind ekn … Jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee tabitii e daawe garooje ɗee :
1982 – 1988. Ɗemɗe ngenndiije Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof jannginaama no ɗemɗe garwaniije nii, ɗe njanngiraama denndaangal fannuuji e nder duuɓi jeegom jaŋde lesre ɗii kala. Arab janngiraa no ɗemngal ɗiɗmal nii.
Tuggi 1984 haa 1985 : Pulaar e Sooninke e Wolof janngamaana no ɗemɗe ɗiɗme nii e nder duɗe amudɓe janngooɓe Arab (sukaaɓe aarabeeɓe) e nder huunde e janngirɗe, nder 14 duɗal e nder Nuwaasoot e Rooso e Kayhayɗi.
Hakkunde 1988 e 1999 : Nde almudɓe duɗe ɗemɗe ngenndiije njettii rogere kawgel e hitaande 1988, Kalifu Nehdi e Jaŋde felliti haaɗtinde jarribo ngoo e jaŋde lesre. Hujja dokkaaɗo oo, ko caɗeele kaalis, e karallaagal e laabi sariya ngam naatnude jaŋde ɗemɗe ɗee e jaŋde hakkundeere. Caggal ngolɗoo baklitagol, peewnitte garooje ɗee mbaɗaama :
Wonande duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani ɗii, jaŋde ndee fof waɗetee ko e ɗemɗe ngenndiije Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof;
E hitaande ɗiɗmere ndee, ɗemngal ɗiɗmal ngal (Arab walla Farayse e fawaade e ko jinnaaɓe almudɓe ɓee cuɓii fawaade e jiilotoongol kalifu) naatnee tawa ko e jaŋtagol tan e lebbi tati cakkitiiɗi ɗii;
E hitaande tataɓere ndee, ɗemngal ɗiɗmal ngal (Arab walla Farayse) mbaɗta janngeede e binndol;
Tuggude hitaande 4ɓere, jaŋde ndee jaŋde ndee tuugii ko e eggugol gannde, ɗum woni ummaade e ɗemngal muuynangal hono Ɗ1 (Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof) feewde e ɗemngal ɗiɗmal hono Ɗ2, ɗemngal jannginirgal e nder duɗe hakkundeeje (suɓotoo ɗemngal ɗiɗmal ngal, hono Arab walla Farayse, ko jinnaaɓe almudɓe ɓee, gila e hitaande ɗiɗmere). Hiisa (matematik) jokka e janngeede e ɗemɗe muuynaaɗe.
Ina foti teskeede wonde, tuggi hitaande 4ɓere ndee, ɗemɗe gadane ɗee ina ngonta fannuuji, ɗemɗe ɗiɗme ɗee (Arab/Farayse) ngonta ɗemɗe jannginirɗe mbele heblude jaŋde hakkundeere ndee.
Loowdi tuugnorɗe e kaɓirɗe jaŋde kuutorteeɗe e duɗe jarriborɗe ɗee ko ngootiri, ko kayri huutortee e jaŋde aadoraande ndee e nder duɗe leslese ɗee. Kono tan defte taro ɗee ɗacciraa ko Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije, tee ɓuri heewde e mum en ko tinndi e daari. Waktuuji jaŋde ɗii nanndi e waktuuji jaŋde aadoraande ndee.
Ɓeto : Biro diiwaniiwo UNESCO to Ndakaaru (BREIDA) e goomu karalleewu Kalifu Nehdi e Jaŋde Muritani ɓetii golle DƊNG laabi keewɗi.
Ɓeto BREIDA
Ɓeto BREIDA adano, tuggi 23 noowaamburu haa 3 deesaamburu 1981, yowitinoo ko golle peewtuɗe e heblo jarribo ngo. Ɓeto ɗiɗmo waɗi ko e marse e abiriil. Ngo yowitinoo ko e njeñtudi jarribo ngoo, caggal jaŋde duuɓi ɗiɗi. Ina jeyaa e geɗe ɗe jarribo ngoo teskii :
– “To bannge haala e binndol golle ɗe ina njuumti”;
– “Yiɗde sukaaɓe ɓe ɗemɗe mum en e jaŋde nde ina teskini”;
– “loowdi jaŋde ndee, e fawaade e tolnooji ɗii, alanaa sukaaɓe caɗeele e ooɗoo tolno”;
– “Jannginooɓe ɓe ina pelliti, tee e goonga ina njiɗi ƴellitaare jaŋde ndee e ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee”;
– “Jinnaaɓe sukaaɓe ɓe ina njogii softeende mawnde e jaŋde duɗe jarriborɗe ɗee”;
– “Hakindo garwugol e jaŋde hee tolniima e 82,10% nder nokkuuji dowri e 93,15% e nder nokkuuji hakkunde dowri e teeru, e 81,52% e nder nokkuuji teeru”
– “Ŋakkeende rewindo karallaagal jande nde, rokkude himme e sahtaade e kala sahaa defte jannginirɗe ɗe, ɓeydude jeeyngal feewde e renndo ngo, rokkude himme e keblitaagol jannginooɓe ina foti daraneede“;
– “Goomu BREIDA wasiyiima nde jaqde leslesre nde yuɓɓitintee, sabu teskaade ngonka leydi ndi to bannge politik e coftal e faamamuya renndo ngo jaɓde kuptidingol jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe”.
Ɓeto goomu karalleewu kalifu Jaŋde e Nehdi. Nguuɗoo goomu toɗɗaa ko rewrude e ɗerewol sarwiis t°00668 /MEN/28/01/1988. Ngu golliima e kitaale 1988 e 1989 e jarribo e jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije. Tonngol goomu ngu ko nii siforii : “So eɗen njaɓi fiɓnde e cenagol jaŋde walla kenogol njuɓɓudi jaŋde nde; eɗen mbaawi tonngude, e kuuɓal wonde humpito ɗemɗe pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof e kuuɓal e nder jannginirɗe ɗe e dow ɓeto goomu ngu, ina heewi faayiida sabu santaas peewal ngal tolniima e 61% wonande edda ɗemɗe gadane ɗe e 71% wonande edda Arab njuɓɓudi ngaadanteeri mbaɗi pulaar – Sooninke e Wolof ɗemɗe ɗimme”. E gaynirde goomu ngu ina wasiyoo to bannge laawɗingol “Ƴettugol sariyaaji laawɗinooji e juɓɓinooji jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe”.
Wiɗto
Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije daraniima wiɗto feewtungo e ɓamtugol ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee. Golle ɗe Dudal ngal daraninoo mbaɗdaa ko e eɓɓooji dendaaɗi e leyɗeele hirnaange Afrirk kuutortooɗe ɗemɗe men ɗee (Mali – Senegaal – Gine Konaakiri, Gine Bisao – Burkina Faso).
Eddaaji ɗemngal (Calti) : wiɗtooji to bannge calti e nder ɗemngal baɗaaɗi tuggi 1983 haa 1984 e ballondiral e ɗemɗiyankooɓe Mali e Senegaal, ngaddanii duɗal ngal yaltinde deftere calsalti wonande ɗemɗe tati ɗee kala (Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof).
Firo kelmeeje : Defte kelmeendi muulama hakkunde 1981 e 1999. Ɗe njowitii ko e fannuuji garooji ɗii : Jaŋde, hiisa, siyaas yiyngo, celluka e ɗemɗiyankaagal, daartol e ganndal nokku, kelmeendi sato janngirɗe, politik e ñaawoore, njuɓɓudi laamu, cellal e senaare, nehngo ekn …
Firo winndaango (lexicographie)
Tuggi hitaande 1984 haa 1998 Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije daraniima heblude caggitorɗe wonande ɗemngal kala : Pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof. E hitaande 1999, nde golle Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije ndartinaa ndee, goomuuji caggirtorɗe ɗemɗe tati ɗii tawi ngoɗɗoyiino e golle.
Ɗee golle naftoraama e duɗe jarriborɗe hee, e nder sarwisaaji cellal, e nehngo, e ndema, e wiɗto jaaɓi haaɗtirde (jannginooɓe, wiɗtooɓe, sanɗaaji) e pelle pine ekn Ciftinen wonde golle Duɗal Ɗemɗe ngenndiije dartinanoo ko e hitaande 1999 caggal nde mbayliigu Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde Mauritani mbattanu (sariya 99.012 mo 26 abriil 1999). Duɗe jarriborɗe battindiiɗe uddi ko e hitaande 2005. Ina foti heɓtineede Duɗal ngal golliima golle ceedtinɗe keewɗe nafoore wonande jaŋde ɗeeɗoo ɗemɗe.
Wasiyaaji
Caggal nde pelle pine ngenndiije Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof kolliti yiyannde mum en e peeje mum kuftodinɗe wonande tippudi nehdi e jaŋde kesiri, caggal nde njuurnitii njeñtudi golle Duɗal Ɗemɗe ngenndiije, eɗe mbasiyoo :
Ciynugol mbayliigu nguu
Tabitingol mbayliigu Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde kala foti waɗireede ko daawe, ɗooftoo daawe jaŋde ndee. E nder ɗuum, ina moƴƴi tuugnorgal golle deɗɗingal lelnee, potngal rewde ɗee daawe :
Keblugol jannginooɓe
– Binndugol loowdi binndanɗe
– Cuɓagol peeje e sifaa jaŋde
– Keblugol kaɓirɗe jaŋde e jannginirɗe
– Hoolkiso tolno arwano (jarribo adano) e nder duɗe seeɗa (5 haa 10)
-Jarribo huftodinngo walla mbiyen tabitingol (nder 40 haa 50 ekkol)
Kuftodingol mbayliigu nguu
Horo njeñtudi walla seedantaagal kuftodinngal kollitoowal ɗo jaŋde ndee yuumti, ɗo nde yuumtaani, ɗo waɗi kaɗooje ekn … Sababuuji majjum njuurnitee, ko foti e ɗo waawi ooñteede, ooñtee.
Gootal e ɗee daawe kala ina foti yahdude e ɓeto e cafrugol ŋakke teskaaɗe, hade daawal dewngal heen ummaneede.
Kuule jahdiije
- Kuule kuftodinɗe
Ngam yuumtude, nguu mbayliigu ina sokli yahdude e ngonka kuuftodinka keniika, ɗo ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ndokkitaa faayiida mum en, haa ɗe mbaawa huuɓnude darnde majje tiri, so tammbaade pinal e waawde ƴellitde joom mum en to bannge renndo. Ɗum ɗoon noon ina ɗaɓɓi nde doosɗe leydi ndii mbaɗtata ɗemɗe ɗee kala ɗemɗe gollorɗe e njuɓɓudi laamu.
Lori mbayliigaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii kala ko ŋakkeende walla baasgol woodde sariya caabingol geɗe kaawniiɗe (kuftodinngol keñorangol, faamamuya mo moƴƴaani, ŋakkeende horo e seedantaagal ekn) potɗe safrireede sariya laɓɓitinoowo dennndaangal daawe ciynugol mbayliigu nguu, kam e korgol mum e rewindo mum.
Feere ƴettaande ngam sompude ndii Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde maa waɗdtu denndaangal ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ɗemɗe laawɗinaaɗe, gollorɗe e njuɓɓudi laamu, ɗemɗe janngirɗe. To bannge firo, «ɗemngal ngenndiwal ko ɗemngal ngal leñol jeyangol e leydi ndii haalata, ɗemngal jongingal doosɗe, kuutorteengal e tippundi nehdi e jaŋde, e nder njuɓɓudi laamu».
Kuule tabitɗe ngaddanooje oon sariya tabitinee haa timma
Sabu yiɗde potal e nuunɗal, kala kaaloowo ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ngenndiije ina foti hiisoreede ɗiɗ-ɗemɗiijo.
– Farlinde e kala foksineer laamu teeɗaniiɗo golle laamu toowɗe mbaawka ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ngenndiije ko famɗi fof kam e ɗemngal koɗal gootal.
– Hirjinde heewɗemɗaagal : laamu ina foti ƴettude kuule tabitɗe mbele ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii kala ina mbaawa janngude ɗemɗe keewɗe.
– Naatnude ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof e nder jaŋde hakkundeere e toownde, ɗe njanngiree heen no fannuuji nii;
– Naatnugol ƴeewndo ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder denndaangal kawgelaaji jaŋde huftodinnde e jaŋde fannuuji.
– Dokkitgol seedanteeje e ɗemɗe ngenndiije e joofnirde tolno jaŋde kala. Hakkeeji ɗeen seedanteeje ko gooti wonande ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee kala (Arab, Pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof).
– Udditgol doge jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder duɗe heblo (ENI ; ENS, ENA, ekn) kam e doge haralleeɓe firo to ENA e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Sarwisaaji firo e ɗemɗe ngenndiije cosee e tolnooji njuɓɓudi laamu kala.
– E nder duɗe gaggaaji huutoraade ɗemɗe muuynaaɗe tan ngam newnude heblo sukaaɓe.
Goomu mbayliigu jaŋde
Goomu mbayliigu Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde ina foti wonde goomu nduumiingu mbele e ngu waawa waɗde golle maggu no haanirta nii, ngu toppitoo :
– miijaade
– Ardinde miijo
– huufde
– ɓetde
– safrude
Terɗe maggu ina poti siggeede no moƴƴi, mbele e ngu wona goomu njuumtungu.
Kuule cariiɗe
denndaangal peeje cakkitanooɗe ngam wallitde jaŋde Arab ina poti ƴettiteede e ñaasteede ngam wallitde kuftodingol jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder tippudi nehdi e jaŋde.
Denndaangal duttorɗe njuɓɓudi laamu ina poti fireede e nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee kala mbele ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii ina mbaawa huutoraade ɗum en so coklii.
Denndaangal alluuje jamminooje laamu maa mbaɗe binndi e ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee kala.
Waɗaa ko Nuwaasoot ñalne 11 feebariyee 2011
Pelle Pine Ngenndiije
– Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani, tonngoode yamiroore 000542/MINT/SAB,4 Suwe 1976.
– Fedde Ƴellitgol Ɗemngal e Pinal Sooninke e Muritani KK : 009/MINT, 3 Mars 1978.
– Fedde Ƴellitgol Ɗemngal Wolof e Muritani KK : 1482/MINT/DAP, 2 deesaamburu 1980
Firo : Bookara Aamadu Bah
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