Pullo
Pullo (keewal mum ko Fulɓe) ko lenyol aynooɓe (durooɓe) hoɗuɓe e diiwaanuuji Sahel takko jeereende Sahara. Hiɓe tawee hannde e leyɗe 15 Afirik Hiirnaange, yoga e majje ko Maali, Senegal, Gine haa leyɗe Afirik Hakkundeeri yeru Caad, Ndenndaandi Santrafirik e Sudaan. Ko woni sabu ngool saakitagol ko eggudu ndu aynooɓe ɓen ɗaɓɓiranta naʼi maɓɓe ɗin huɗo e njaram.
Hannde non Fulɓe ko ɓuri heewde koo accii nguurndam egga-hoɗa hino tabiti e nokkuure wootere hino jokki golleeji wano demal, njulaagu to caʼe mawɗe Afirik Hiirnaange. Hino woodi e maɓɓe kadi nanngooɓe liƴƴi teeŋtii Senegal-Moritani (hiɓe wiʼee toon Suubalɓe) maa Gine kanyum e nyeenyuɓe. Hannde ɗuuɗal Fulɓe ko juulɓe, ɗemngal maɓɓe no wiʼee pular maa pulaar maa fulfulde, hingal jeyaa e ɗemɗe Hiirnaange-Atlantik.
Ɗunndi Fulɓe ndin anndaaka no selliri sabu leyɗe ɗen woowaa waɗude winndito leƴƴi. Tuumo ngon hino hakkunde miliyonji 16 e miliyonji 25 haa 26.
Iwdi Fulɓe[taƴto | modifier le wikicode]
Iwdi Fulɓe ndin haa hannde anndaaka no laaɓiri. Annduɓe ɓen hino yeddondira gila teemedannde jeenayaɓere nden e fii on fiyaaku. Ko woni sabu mum non ko seedugol Fulɓe ngol e leƴƴi hoɗdaaɗi ɗin to mbaadi. Ko honɗum Fulɓe ɓen tigi wiʼi e on fiyaaku? E hino ɗoo ko bammbaaɗo (farba) Pullo mo Kamarun jantii: „Ko woni asngol e leñol Fulɓe fuu ƴoororde muʼum Malle. Pullo kam fuu Malle ƴifti, Pullo kam fuu woodaa e ƴiwi tonaa Malle. Innde Pullo kam fuu Malle nii ɗoofi. Mone fuu jammaa (jonnaa yettoore) e laawol, kanjum ɗuuɗini inɗe leʼi (leƴƴi) Fulɓe, amma koo non fuu, to lencitoraama nii, tawaa Pullo kam fuu Malle ƴoori.“ „Ukba woni jibbinɗo Fulɓe, puɗɗuɗo leñol maɓɓe, kanko aawi ngol. Kanko boo ɗum Aaraabo, fuuna o ƴiwi o yehi o jooɗoyi Fuuta Tooro. Ɗon o teʼi (resi) Bajju Maŋgo – woɓɓe Bajju Maŋga mbiʼiirata mo – mo leñol Sarakulleʼen… O dañi ɓiɓɓe nayo: rewɓe tato e gorko gooto. Kamɓe ngoni: Deeto, Wayyu, Naasu e Uuruba biʼeteeɗo Aaraabo. Nder nayo ɓeʼe ko won leñol Fulɓe fuu wurti.“ „…Fulɓe fuu Fuuta Tooro puɗɗi, ɗon Ukba jibbini ɓe. Ɓaawo maajum ɓe peri ɓe cankiti kadi. Ɗum waɗi wuro, ɗum waɗi lesdi. Abba maɓɓe huuci, nden ɗum ƴummi, kayrugol maɓɓe waɗi fuuna (funnaange) ton. Ɗum sampiti naʼi ɗuuɗi jamum … Koo moye tefti laawol abba (baaba) muuɗum, … Fulɓe peri fuuna ngam hiirna maɓɓe ɗum ndiyam Maayo Manngo, woyla maɓɓe ɗum geeŋelle njaareendi meere walaa ndiyam walaa huɗo, fommbina boo ɗum buubi laayɗe ɓaleeje cukkuɗe. Fuuna on kadi naʼi maɓɓe keɓata njaayri marndi ndiyam e huɗo. Nii kadi ɓe perori fuuna, ɓe peroraay lokkere wonnde. Nden kadi ɓikkoy Ukba ngurti Fuuta Tooro, ɓe ngari ɓe campiti diga (gila) Fuuta Ɓunndu, Fuuta Kinngi, nden ɓe naati kadi jonta ɗo.“ Ɗum suutaa ko e deftere LʼHistoire des Peuls Férobé du Diamaré, Maroua et Petté, nde E. Mohammadu yaltini e hitaande 1976 caggal yewtidugol e wammbaaɓe Fulɓe. Malle, ɗum ko laamateeri Maali ndi Sunnjata Keytaa sincunoo e teemedannde 13ɓere. Ukba Ben Nafi (maa Uqba Ibn Nafi) laatino mawɗo konu lislaamiyankeejo e teemedannde 7ɓere. Ko kanko dahi leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. Sikke alaa, koo ko jantaa ɗoo no haawnii sabu nde tawnoo Ukba Ben Nafi ko Aarabo, ko ɗemngal aarabu o haalaynoo. Wano non kadi, si o arii Fuuta Tooro o resii debbo Sarankulleejo, oon kadi ko ɗemngal mum sarankulleere wowlaynoo. Si ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe ɓen wonii e wowlugol ɗemngal ngal wonaa aarabuure wonaa sarankulleere, e maanaa fulfulde, sikke alaa ko taweede leñol Fulɓe ngol no woodunoo ko adii nde Ukba hewti Fuuta Tooro sabu neɗɗo heccataa mawɗo mum. Fahin, e nder winndooɓe daartol alsilamaaku ɓen, hay e gooto sifaaki jippagol Ukba haa Fuuta Tooro. E ko ɓuri sikkeede kon, Ukba feƴƴaali leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. Kono non hay si tawii ngol jantol tuugaaki e ko selli, ngol hollii wonde Fulɓe no mari iwdiiji ɗuuɗuɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde kon kadi e ko wiɗtotooɓe ɓen woni wiide kon ko ɗum faandii. Henri Lhote, wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo winndi e deftere mum lʼextraordinaire aventure des Peuls wonde Fulɓe no jeydi e aynooɓe ɓe nate mumʼen yiʼetee e kaaƴe jeereende Sahara, wano kaaƴe Tasili. E konngol makko, hiɓe jeydi e leƴƴi ecoppinaaji maa kushitiyankooji hoɗuɗi funnaange Afirik hannde. Maamiraaɓe ɗiin leƴƴi fow ko Funnaange Hakkundeeri (Moyen-Orient) iwri ari jillondiri e leƴƴi taakanji. Wiɗtotooɗo Pullo, Dr. Abuubakri Laam kañum e Misra Kinndi ɓuri tuugaade. Mukarovsky, wiɗtotooɗo otirisnaajo kadi no sikki helmere misraare hinnde ng (yeru kelme goʼo ɗe o limti e deftere makko Die Grundlagen des Ful und das Mauretanische yaltunoonde e hitaande 1963) no jeydi e nagge, e maanaa aynooɓe naatunooɓe leydi Misra Kinndi no jeyaa e maamiraaɓe Fulɓe. Wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo Alain Anselain kadi no sikki jeydigal no woodi hakkunde Fulɓe e Misrankooɓe aranɓe wondude e leƴƴi Afirik Funnaange-Nano. O hollitii ɗum e deftere makko La Question Peule (1982). Himo tawti e ngon ɗon senngo Henri Lhote mo adi-ɗen limtude. No woniri woo, Fulɓe senndotaako e leƴƴi Afirik Hiirnaange luttuɗi ɗin, fahin taariixa maɓɓe anndaaɗo on ko e oon diiwaanu fuɗɗii : ko e laamu Gana fii Fulɓe fuɗɗaa janteede e nder taariixa, ɓaawo ngun laamu lancike, dawla Fulɓe arano on, ɗum ko Laam-Tooro maa Tekrur hono no Aarabuuɓe ɓen wi’iraynoo non, feeñi e daande maayo Senegal. Ko ɗon ɓe iwi ɓe saakitii e nokkeeli heddiiɗi ɗin. Ɗemngal maɓɓe ngal kadi, fulfulde no jeydi fota wonaa seeɗa e ɗemɗe Afirik Hiirnaange wano njolfo e sereer, maa ɗemɗe bantu, ɗum no yi’oo e jogagol fulfulde pelle inɗe (classes nominales) maa e mbaadi yaññugol seekorde gollal (verbe).
Ɗemngal[taƴto | modifier le wikicode]
Liens externes[taƴto | modifier le wikicode]
- missionafrica.org.uk
- webPulaaku Portal of Fulɓe history and culture
- Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, peeral.com
- Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, pulaagu.com
- Online magazine in Fulfulde, pulaar.org
- Online Magazine, yaakaare.com
- Fulfulde online paper, gerngalfulbe.com
- Fulfulde online news site, mbiimi.com
- KJPF Egypt
- Online bilingual dictionary, peeral.com
- Mini trilingual dictionary of political and legal terminology, peeral.com
- Portal of Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo history and culture, webfuuta.net
- Pulaar Speaking Association
- WorldStatesmen - Nigerian Traditional states
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