Caggal maayde Floyd, caggal seppooji, finnere ndee raŋanii ɗaɗi añam-nguraagu, ɗuum woni jiyɗinnooɓe yimɓe ɓaleeɓe, dahatnooɓe ɓaleeɓe ina ngollinoya ɗum en he gese, ciiɓii warñeede e ƴiiƴam mum en. No Floyd wardaa nii, Alla e mum muusde, addanii yimɓe ɓee yiɗde momtude kala ko ine siftina « ɓaleeɓe meeɗii jiynɗineede », walla kala njiimaandi koloñaal. Ɗum joopii noon ko ruttanaade daartol ngam mumtude he hakkillaaji yimɓe kala maale ɓurondiral leƴƴi, walla geɗe dowlinooje añam-nguraagu.
Ñalnde 22 suweŋ, to leydi Amerik, seppooɓe ɓee njaaɓani ko liɓde nanndolla Andrew Jakson hooreejo jeeɗaɓo Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Amerik tuggi 1829 haa 1837, ngonka yeeso Galle Daneejo. Omo anndiranoo daranaade njiyaagu o suuɗaaki, kadi o taccinii tirbiiji eñnjee no ngoorunoo. Ɗum ko gaa-gaa finnere feewde e koninkooɓe Worgo, salinooɓe mumtugol njiyaagu.
Ɗum noon, hannde dillere ndee joopii ko hoohooɓe sosnooɓe leydi Amerik. Puɗɗoro-ɗen Thomas Jefferson. Oo ko hooreejo tataɓo DAD (4 mars 1801 – 4 mars 1809). Omo yooɓtoraa joganoode 600 jiyaaɗo e jaggirde ɓaleeɓe no yimɓe leslesɓe. « Nandollaaji makko keewɗi ko jogorɗi liɓeede » e wiyde jirwinoowo tele, taanum Sally Hemings, gooto e jiyaaɓe Thomas Jefferson, mo o dañdunoo sukaaɓe heewɓe.
Hay hooreejo gadano DAD hono George Washington daɗaani heen. Omo joginoo fotde teemedere jiyaaɗo to ngesa makko ɓesnooje to Mont Vernon. E wiyde ganndo gooto « darnude nanndolla e nokku denndaaɗo, ko sifaa dewal, tee yimɓe heewɓe jooni ine naamndoo hol ko waɗi joginooɓe jiyaaɓe ine ndewee ».
Nanndolla persidaa 26ɓo leydi Amerik, hono Theodore Rooswelt, ittaama he naatirde Ganniiru daartol sewlo, sabu mum dowlinde « koloñaal e añam-nguraagu » : nanndolla kaa maandinnoo ɗoon ko Rooswelt ine waɗɗii puccu, ine wondi e gorko ɓaleejo e amerannjee gooto ina yaha sara maɓɓe. Firo mum ko « kollitgol haa laaɓti ɓaleeɓe e waali wuro en ko reftiiɓe, tee leƴƴi mum en ko les ngoni », e wiyde Ganniiru nduu.
Liɓde nanndolaaji koloñaal
Dillere ndee haaɗaani tan Amerik, nde yettiima Orop, haa nii Afrik, ngam momtude kala ko ina siftina koloñaal. Yeru to Londres, laamu nguu heñiima e ittude nanndolla jula jiyaaɓe biyeteeɗo Robert Milligan, hade mum waɗeede no nanndolla biyeteeɗo Edward Colston waɗaa nii, kañum ne ko jiyɗinoowo wonnoo, ka seppooɓe mberlii nder maayo. E wiyde ganndo daartol gooto : « Miɗo sikki tan ko ngol woni go’o, he daartol njiyaagu, ko raneeɓe e laamuuji mum en ine paama no feewi filñitere waande nii. Ɗum noon, daawal paangal fotata wonde ko momtude haa laaɓa kala añam-nguraagu ».
To Belsik kadi, nanndollaaji Léopold II, meeɗnooɗo wonde laamɗo leydi ndii, mbinndaama tage. Ko kanko oo laamɗo waɗtunoo Konngo he njiimaandi e maayirɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire. Oon sahaa, heewɓe ngaybiniino ɗuum.
To Senegaal, yimɓe heewɓe ine naamnoo (seppo waɗaama Ndar ngam ɗaɓɓude ɗuum) ittugol nanndollaaji koloñaal en gonɗi Ndar ɗii, ka teeŋti e ka Federba kaa .
Bookara Aamadu Bah
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