Tawtee e foolotiro tafugol « Meme » ngol ka Ɗemɗe Neeniije
Musiɗɓe tedduɓe, juurotooɓe Misiide, Men hewtidii hannde kadi e kumpital mawngal, kumpital ɓamtaare Fulfulde, e jurol gannde kese. Wano woowiri non, tuma kala, men humpitay on ka ɗemngal men ngal naatiri e Jokkito »
UNESCO humpitii tiitoonde ñalaande winndere ɗemɗe neeniije ɗen 21 Fabraa’iru 2017!
Fii mawningol ñalaande Hakkunde-leyɗeere wonande Ɗemɗe Muynaaɗe Ɗen ñalnde 21 Fabraa’iru 2017, UNESCO, fedde kippunde nden fii ɗuuɗal pine e ɗemɗe.. ka aduna, okkuɓe kadi ñalaande 21 Fabraa’iru nden e hitaande kala, Jokkito »
Fabraa’iru hewtii, lewru ɗemɗe neeniije !
Banndiraaɓe tedduɓe, E hitaande 2014 nden, men yowuno winndannde ka Misiide ɗoo, nodditugol on mawningol haala men muynaaka kan battane ñalnde 21 Fabraa’iru wondude e https://fr.globalvoices.org fewndo nde ɓe fewtinirnoo men lamnde Jokkito »
Ko teddungal e mon, facebook wowlii pular
Waɗii duuɓi tati e ko fawi, gila yarlitiiɓe men fuɗɗii firde laylatol renndo ngol facebook e Fulfulde. Ko ɓaawo nde yimɓe maghribi ɓen newnananoo huutorde ɗemngal Tamazight ngal 2013 woni ko fewjooɓe facebook Jokkito »
Fulfulde, ko ɗemngal layungal
Ñalnde 16 setto (suwen) 2016, gooto e blogooɓe mondoblog yowuno winndannde ka lowre mun doudoufine.mondoblog.org, o tiitori nde : « Faransee, ngal ɗemngal battingal e Pular ». Mo janngii winndannde nden, o fellitay wonde ɗemngal Jokkito »
Fulfulde, ko ɗemngal layungal
Ñalnde 16 setto (suwen) 2016, gooto e blogooɓe mondoblog yowuno winndannde ka lowre mun doudoufine.mondoblog.org, o tiitori nde : « Faransee, ngal ɗemngal battingal e Pular ». Mo janngii winndannde nden, o fellitay wonde ɗemngal Faransee ngal faaborike ɗemngal Fulfulde ngal kelme e konnguɗi ɗuuɗuɗi. Winnduɗo on hino yeewti e ɗum haa siforii Pular ngal ɗemngal « maayngal »!
Kono mo taskike winndannde nden, o taway jom kuɗol ngol hino ukkindiri hakkunde ɗemngal maayngal e ɗemngal muynaangal (mother language/langue maternelle)! Ko ɗum waɗi haa ƴettu-mi karambol; tawde kadi ko mi gooto e winndooɓe Pular wiƴƴitoo ko yowitii e ɗemɗe afrikaanje ɗen, ngam ɓanginnde seeɗa e ɓamtal Fulfulde fii no mi daɗndira sugu ɓen jogiiɓe miijooji taafiɗugol/jaasugol ɗemngal Fulfulde ngal, hollaɓe wonaa no ɓe sikkiri non, « Pulaar kay ko ɗemngal », goonga Baaba Maal.
Ko mo jannganii P.-F. Lacroix ka winndannde makko « Remarques préliminaires à une étude des emprunts arabes en peul » (1967), o anndata ko haa honto Arabre nden alɗiniri Fulfulde nden
Mi yeddaa wonde Pular ngal ngal hino luɓoo kelme e konnguɗi ka ɗemngal Faransee, kono ɗum ko ko hawri si eɓɓindiraama e ko ngal luɓotoo kon ka ɗemngal Arabu. Arabu hino faaborii Fulfulde kelme e konnguɗi alɗuɗi. Ko mo jannganii P.-F. Lacroix (1967) ka winndannde makko « Remarques préliminaires à une étude des emprunts arabes en peul », o anndata ko haa honto Arabu alɗiniri Fulfulde, hara wanaa ko woɓɓe sikkata ɗum e Faransee on.
Ko ɓuri heewude kon, Pullo on ko inɗe ɗe anndaaka ɗen ka fulfulde woni ko luɓotoo (faransiire nden)
DEMBA PAMANTA(2000), ka tiitoraande makko emprunts lexicaux peuls au français, holluno wonnde « Ko ɓuri heewude kon, Pullo on ko inɗe ɗe anndaaka ɗen ka fulfulde woni ko luɓotoo (faransee on), sabu tawde ko ɗe inɗe kese, malla/maa o teertorii innde fulfulde nden sabu luɓaande nden ka faransee ».
Si en taskike kelme fulfulde luɓaaɗe ɗen ka faransee, en taway ko ɓuri heewude kon e majje, hino jogii iwdi mun ndin ka ɗemngal Fulfulde, e piide misal:
kelem luaaɗe ɗen ka faransee luɓoraaka sabu waaseede firo majje ka fulfulde, ko sabu teertagol iwdi majje ɗen fii kelme luɓaaɗe ɗen
awiyon (avion), rondiisiman (arrondissement), kartiyee (quartier), ekn fow ko luɓaa-ɗum ka faransee. Kono non hiɗe mari iwdi majje ɗen ka Fulfulde. « Awiyon » ko laana-wiirooha walla wiirooha wi’etee ka Pular, kartiyee noddiree teekun, rondiisiman wi’ee doŋre.
Ɗum holli, kelem luaaɗe ɗen ka faransee ɗoo, luɓoraaka sabu waaseede firo majje ka fulfulde, ko sabu teertagol iwdi majje ɗen fii kelme luɓaaɗe ɗen.
Kono wano kelme taabal (table), e gaarwatir « gare voiture » (gare routière), ekn fow ko luɓaa-ɗum e ɗemngal faransi ngal, sabu waaseede maanaa majje on ka ɗemngal Pular.
Faransiiɓe ɓen luɓike helmere « boowal » nden ka ɗemngal Pular fii innugol nokkuure yaajunde.
Maandi-nen non, faransee on kadi hino luɓii pular ngal yoga e kelem, ɗen ko wano « boowal », nde gaynaakooɓe ɓen noddirta non werde wurooji maɓɓe ɗin. Faransiiɓe ɓen luɓike helmere « boowal » nden ka ɗemngal Pular fii innugol nokkuure yaajunde. Mo naatii ka caggitorɗe maɓɓe (fanransi en), o taway ton helmere « boowal » nden hino winndiraa nii « bowal », e wonndeje, ɓe maandinay wonde helmere nden ko eggaande e Pular, ɓe wi’a: « mot peul » (helmere pular).
« hiɗen majjaa wonde konnguɗi afriknaaji heewuɗi hino wallitora tabital ɗemngal moliyeer (faransi) ngal»
Miɗo felliti hiɓe luɓori non kadi kelme goo e ɗemɗe afriknaaje goo. Yeewtere nde TV5 waɗunoo e saa’i goo maandinno « hiɗen majjaa wonde konnguɗi afriknaaji heewuɗi hino wallitora tabital ɗemngal moliyeer (faransi) ngal ». Alain Rey kan wi’uno « nder 35.000 kelme faransee ɗen, ko yahata 5000 e majje ko luɓaaɗe », wano e ɗemɗe afriknaaje ɗen.
Seedee mun, ndaaren jaayɗe afriknaaje ɗen ka haala faransee, ma en taw ton kelme heewuɗe luɓaaɗe e ɗemɗe afrik ɗen, kelme tawayɗe ko iwdi afrik waɗtaa faransi, alɗini ɗemngal moliyeer ngal.
E nder winndannde wootere nden, jom kuɗol ngol hino lamnditoo, si tawii faransee on hino battinnde e ɗemɗe winndereyanke ɗen, tawayɗe ko alɗuɗe, ko wi’eten e ɗemɗe afrik « maayɗe » ɗen ?
Ka ɗemɗiyankaagal, ɗemngal « maayngal », ko kala haala yeewteteeka hakkunde leñol maa fedde heeriinde.
Ko ɗoo woni faayere nden ! Ko sabu ngal lamndal kadi waɗi haa mi ƴettu karambol fii ɓanngingol ko yowitii e Pular ngal.
Ko adii kon taho, ko maa fensiten ko woni ɗemngal maayngal (vernacular language/langue vernaculaire), annden ko honɗe woni ɗemɗe « maayɗe » ɗen afrik?
Ka ɗemɗiyankaagal, ɗemngal « maayngal », ko kala haala yeewteteeka hakkunde leñol maa fedde heeriinde.
Ɗemngal « maayngal », ko ɗemngal ngal yimɓe seeɗaaɓe wowlata e nokku faaɗuɗo heeriiɗo. Fulfulde non wonaa non woniri.
Wiktionary kan wi’i : « ɗemngal maayngal, ko ɗemngal jeyaangal e diiwal maa leydi e yimɓe mun ».
Si en tuugike e ɗii fensitooji yawtuɗi, en faamay wonde ɗemngal « maayngal », ko ɗemngal ngal yimɓe seeɗaaɓe wowlata e nokku faaɗuɗo heeriiɗo. Fulfulde non wonaa non woniri. Wano ciimtol ngol UNESCO yaltinno 1998 holluno, « ujune / miliyonji 82 yimɓe hino wowlude Pulaar e nder leyɗe 24 Afrik », ndee limoore non ko ko yawtaa, si en taskitike ɓeydaare jamaaji ɗin fewndo hannde.
Fulfulde ko ɗemngal wuurungal, wonaa « maayngal »
Ɗum ɗoo hino holla en wonde, Fulfulde ko ɗemngal wuurungal, wonaa « maayngal ». Seedee mun, hingal jogii doosgal (statut) ɗemngal leydi (national language/langue nationale) e nder leyɗe heewuɗe Afrik; wano Gine, Senegaal, Mali, Gambi, Burkina Fasoo, Sarlon, Benee, ekn.
Hino jeyaa e ko hollata en kadi wonde Fulfulde ko ɗemgal wuurungal, ko arata kon ley ɗoo:
Ø Fulɓe ɓen hino jogii finaa-tawaa winndaaɗo gila qarnu 17 ɓo on;
Ø Taariika / daartol Afrik huuɓngol ngol ko e ɗemɗe tati (3) afriknaaje tan firaa, ɗen woni : Kiswahili, hawsa e pulaar (fulfulde);
Ø Nanondiral Winndereyankeewal Hakkeeji Aaden ngal hino woodi e yamre pulaar;
Ø Fulfulde nden hino naati e gannde kese ɗen (teknolooji toɗɗiindi kabaaruuji e jokkondire). Fewndo hannde, ɗemngal Fulfulde ngal hino winndeede, yowiree ka internet e tiiɗnaare yarliraniiɓe ɓamtal ɗemngal ngal;
Ø Sarɗi woote (code électoral) ɗin Burkina Fasoo hino firaa e Fulfulde;
Ø Pulaar hino tawaa e ɗemɗe ngenndiije naatuɗe ɗen ka suudu batirdu (assemblée nationale) Senegaal.
Afrik ɗoo, ko « ɗemɗe seɓitiiɗe » maa « saatiiɗe mulude » fii mun wowletee ko ɓuri kon, fii joopagol ɗen ɗemɗe wi’eteeɗe « maayɗe ». Wano Gine, eɓɓoore ɗemɗe seɓitiiɗe ɗen moftii 13 ɗemɗe Ginenaaje seɓitiiɗe/saatiiɗe mulude ɗen, ɗen woni : Bajara, Baagaa Binari, Baagaa Koogaa, Baagaa Mannduuri, Wameey, Baagaa Sitemu, Basarii, Lanndumaa, Mani, Mbulungish, Naaluu, e Zi’alu.
Kono mo waɗtanii yiila, o taway ɗemɗe jeegoo (6) suɓaaɗe ɗen ko janngiree leydi Gine (ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗen) hino huuɓiti ɗemɗe gine ɗen fow. Ko wano ɗum taweten e ɗeme « Baagaa » ɗen ; sabu hiɗe gasee siforeede caltuɗe ɗemngal gootal, ngal woni « Baagaa ». Tigi-tigi, ɗemɗe gine ɗen fow hino yiitida e jeegooje (6) ngeenddije ɗen.
Ka timmoode, en wi’ay si tawii hiɗen hulani ɗemngal fulfulde ngal mulugol, wonaa sabu ko tawi kon faransiire nden hino luɓa ngal kelme, ko ko tawi kon ɓiɓɓe leñol ngol e jooma fewjodal en softanaa immanagol no ɗemngal ngal waɗiree ɗemngal jannde e gannde.
Ko e yettude Allah ɗii ɓinɗi ɓanngiri.
Kuɗol: Tafsir BALDE
Mo Misiide
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