Muritani: Fayndaare Eɓɓaande kuulal tippude jaŋde ko yoo ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe cornoye les ndalla.
Dukooji e ko yowitii e hol ko foti wonde identitee leydi Muritani, ko duko fuɗɗiingo gila he kebungal jeytaare Muritani ndimaagu mum dawrugol. Mbele Muraitani so rimɗii foti ñaantoraade ko wutte mum capataagu,ɗuum firti wonde leydi safalɓe gila to pinal haa e ɗemngal e kala maandeeji (symboles) mum? Walla Muritani foti ko faarnoraade wonde leydi leñɗi keewɗi, pine, e ɗemɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe?
Wonande Arabeeɓe ɓee, ngaal laɓndal jaabowol mum alaa luural. Muritani foti sinkoraade e ñaaƴirde tan ko pinal e ɗemngal Arab. Kadi kala jeyaaɗo e mayri ko ɗuum o foti suɗoraade. Ɓaleeɓe Muritaninaaɓe ɓee noon, Haalpulaar en, Jolfuɓe e Sooninkooɓe, wonaa noon njiyri. “Muritani kay, ɓeen mbiy: “Foti wonde ko leydi pine-ari-potti (carrefoure culturelle), ɗo pine Worgoori Afrik e Hiirnaage Afrik fof ene njiytoo koye mum en. Leydi hurmiindi ceeral leñɗi e ɗemɗe ɓiyɓe mum, pawiindi he moƴam koddigu, potal e deengol jojjannde kala ɓiy leydi, ko aldaa e paltoor fawaade he mbaydi nguru ɓanndu makko walla ɗemngal makko.” Ndee yiyannde hayso ko nde moƴƴere labaande ne, safalɓe ɓee kanum nde ɓuranaani ɗum en. Ko ɗuum waɗi tuggude e hooreejo leydi ndii gadano, Mukhtaar Wuldu Daddah, haa denndaangal arɓe caggal mum en yiyannde mum en ko wootere. Muritani foti tan ko ɓoornaade wutte capataagal. Ko pinal Arab e ɗemngal arab foti jaalaade he leydi ndi. Denndaangal meeɗɓe laamaade Muritani kala garɗo ko he felo siynude ndeen fayndaare yaɓɓata. Heddotoo ko won arooɓe kuwtoroo fuunti e hodo, woɗɓe, ko wayno Mu’awiyya en, ngari kuwtorii doole, neegre e ceddaagal, kono alaa e maɓɓe mo gollanaaki siynude ndeen fayndaare.
Ngal luural hakkunde ɓaleeɓe Muritani e safalɓe (raneeɓe, so tawii ni ene sella ɓe mbiyee noon) seeraani e umminde fitinaaji hakkunde leñɗi ɗiɗi ɗii. Heen sahaaji ɗiin fitinaaji ene ngona parwuɗi, haa jibina dufondiral ƴiiƴameeje, warngooji e dummbere dartiyankooɓe ɓaleeɓe, hono no 86 e 89 ni. Hay haame noon, kala nde ɗuum waɗi, ko ɓaleeɓe ɓee keewi yarde mone. Sabu hayso tawii arabeeɓe ɓee ndañaani waawde finde tan mbaɗta Muritani hono njiɗiri ɗum nii ne, sahaa kala eɓe mbaɗa taaɓannde fayde e fayndaare maɓɓe aarabiɗinde leydi ndi.
Arabeere, ummaade he ɗemngal ngenndiwal fayde he ɗemngal lawakeewal
So alla, kala dewindotooɗo dawrugol Muritani, haa teeŋti e toɓɓere ɗemɗe ngenndiije, maa laaɓndo hoore mum, hol ko addunoo pawee ni saka pawtee ene ara heen? Nde tawnoo pulaar wiy ko: “Ɓakke mahatee ko gila ko kecce”, walla nii “lekɗal ɓuccetee ko gila ko keccol, nde tawnoo so a woppii haa yoorii a wiy aɗa ɓucca ɗum ko tol tawatmaa heen kono a dañataa portingal.” Addani en wiyde noon ko so a ƴeewii doosɗe (kuule diiñorɗe) Muritani gila he jibineede leydi ndii he 1959, he kuulal mum 3ɓal ngal wiyko: “Ɗemngal ngenndiwal ngal ko Arabeere. Ɗemngal lawakeewal ngal (la langue officielle) ko Faraysinkoore. Kadi mbayliigu doosɗe ɗee 1961 nguu ko ɗoon woppi ngaal kuulal. So en teskiima, hay gootal e ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe, Pulaar, Sooninkoore walla Wolof, laawɗinaaka he nder ɗeen kuule.
He mbayliigu woɗngu, waɗaangu 1968, he kuugal mum 68-065 wayliri ɗum hono ndaani: “Ɗemngal ngenndiyeewal ngal ko Arabeere. Ɗemɗe lawakeeje ɗee ko Arabeere e Faraysinkoore.” So en teskiima he ngaal kuulal cakkitiingal, ɗemngal Arab ngal, gaagaa wonde ɗum ɗemngal ngenndiyeewal, martaba maggal kadi ɓeydiima sabu ngal wontii ɗemngal lawakeewal hono no ɗemngal Farayse ni. So en teskiima haa jooni ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe ɗee kanum en cuwaa tawo laawɗineede he nder doosɗe leydi ndi. Ko he mbayliigu doosɗe 1991, e kuulal mum 6ɓal, wiyi: “Ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ko Arab, Pulaar, Soninke e Wolof, ɗemngal lawakeewal ngal ko Arabeere.”
Huunde jarnde teskaade ɗoo kadi ko ɗemngal Faraysinkoore ngal ɓaleeɓe ɓee njanngiratnoo kadi liggortoo ngal kanum samminaama, yaltii he nder kuule ngenndi ɗe. Heddiima ko Arabeere tan wonti ɗemngal lawakeewal leydi Muritani, hayso wonii ɗemɗe keddiiɗe ɗee ɓeydaama he doosɗe leydi ndi ndokkaama martaba ɗemɗe ngenndiije. Kono eɗen nganndi ɗeen ɗemɗe ɗoon ɗo ɗe cuwaa liggeede, ɗe njanngiraa haa ɗe mbaawi wonde ɗemɗe gollorɗe, hayso ɗe ndokkaama martaba ɗemɗe ngenndiije ne, so faraysinkoore ittaama, ko arabeere wontata alaa-e-sago, ɗemngal janngirngal e gollorngal leydi Muritani.
Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije: Ko Pellital walla ko Hodo Wonnoo?
Mbayliigaaji he kuule Muritani ngam ƴellitde ɗemngal arabeere ɗii ene nduusondira e mbayliigaaji to bannge tippudi jaŋde e nehdi he nder leydi Muritani. Ɗuum firti, caggal nde arabeere wonti ɗemngal lawakeewal, ngal dañii jojjannde wontude gollorngal e janngirngal he duɗe leydi ndi. Ɗuum woni sabaabu ɓaleeɓe ɓee ne laaɓndaade yoo ɗemɗe mum en ɗee laawɗine, mbaɗta janngireede. Caggal dukooji juutɗi e pooɗee nduureeji, he hitaande 1979, CMSN (laamu Haydalla) ƴetti pellital soasde yuɓɓo wiyeteengo Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije (Institut des Langues Nationales) ngam yoo jarribo janngingol ɗemɗe ngenndiije Muritani keddiiɗe ɗee, ɗuum woni Pulaar, Sooninkoore e Wolof. Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije waɗi golle paayodinɗe, patam-lame, tuggude 1980-88 ɓetooji tati mbaɗaa heen (Breda-Unesco 1982 kadi he 1984) ɓeto jaagorgal kalfinaangal jaŋde 1988, fof tabitini wonnde ɓetooji ɗii ene moƴƴi kadi mbasiyii yoo janngingol he ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee sare, yaajne he nder duɗe he. Kono ngaal duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije e golle mum paayodinɗe dartinaa he 1999, e sahaa laamu Mu’awiyya Ould Ahmed Tayya. Laaɓndal ngal ko mbele tafnoode Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije, ko pellital tigirigi ƴellitde ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe Muritani ɓe ngonaa salfaɓe, walla ko hodo wonnoo, e jooɗtoronoode wonnde hayso eɓɓo ngoo waɗaama yahataa ɓe ndaña woytoraandu? Nde tawnoo eɓe ngoongɗinno wonnde ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe ɗee mbaawa roondaade ganndal, ndeke noon hayso enndaama yahata. Kono ɓetooji ɗii pennii ɗuum.
Hannde ne, iiñcuru mawndu wonndu Muritani ko duko eɓɓaande kuulaal mbayliigu tippude jaŋde. Ene jeyaa e ko ɓuri teskinde he ndeen eɓɓaande, waɗde Arabeere ɗemngal janngirngal ɓiyɓe leydi ndii he kala tolno, Faraysinkoore wontata tan ko ɗemngal janngeteengal ngam haa joom mum daña no udditorii he aduna (langue d’ouverture) hono no Engele ni walla Españool. Ɗemɗe ngenndiije keddiiɗee joom mum en ene mbaawi janngude ɗum en he puɗɗorɗe gootal heen fof he diiwaan ɗo ɓuri yaajrude. Kadi ɗuum fawotoo ko e jarribo heso ngam ƴeewde so tawii ɗuum ene aaɓno. So en teskiima wonnde jarribooji mbananooma he ko ɓenni hakke duuɓi noogaas, 1979-1999, ma en mbiy mbele fayndaare ndee wonaa woosnude ɓaleeɓe ɓee e jaŋde arabeere tan caggal ɗuum kadi ɓe itta ɗiin jarribooji hono no ɓe ittirnooɗum ko yawti koo ni?
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