Daartol pinal Fuuta tooro
Ndeen, neɗɗo arataa Ceɗɗo maa Pullo-Gaynaako, maa Cubballo, o wontatno ɗuum e fawaade e jikku makko, baawal makko maa e taariindi makko – ngonka maccungaagu alaa fof ɗo fawinoo. Wonde maccuɗo fawinoo ko e batte golwole.
Hello 2Ndeen, neɗɗo arataa Ceɗɗo maa Pullo-Gaynaako, maa Cubballo, o wontatno ɗuum e fawaade e jikku makko, baawal makko maa e taariindi makko – ngonka maccungaagu alaa fof ɗo fawinoo. Wonde maccuɗo fawinoo ko e batte golwole.
Ina wiyee Haalpulaar heewaani uujde tan majja, so tawii tuma kala omo waawi ŋuurde baar leele nder jamma ; tawa lewlewal sappo-e-nay tooñondirii e duule, sarii ndoogu mum e winndere. Hono no winndiyanke-daartiyanke Teen Yuusuf Gey wiyri : « Njimol (gooto maa keewal) ummodiingol e gole unuɗe nder yeeweende nguron dowri, tanndilo ñaañooru goyowol nder deeƴere durnirɗe, daande ƴellittoonde yahda e jimɗi ndiwiri, tufɗe jalbooje caafe naange, ɗum fof (wonande Fuutanke), ko huunde dillinoore ɓernde, huunde huuriinde niɓɓe yeeweende kam e ciftorɗe ummiiɗe e to ɓuri luggiɗde e fittaandu neɗɗo ».
Nguu ɓesngu, gila e teeminanɗe limlimtinɗi, ngu Tuubakooɓe inniri « Toucouleurs », yaama tawa ko sabu ɓalewol teeŋtungol guri ɓalli maɓɓe, addani ɓe saraade e dente pawiiɗe e kinɗe e pine, addani ɓe jaggirde donaaɗi maɓɓe denndaaɗi ɓuri fof, kam e yiytaade koye maɓɓe wonde yimɓe mahiiɓe e ñaamiri kaytundi nder diƴƴe maayo Fuuta-Tooro hannde oo, deeltiingo dow Denndaaɗi ɗiɗi, Muritani e Senegal, joginoo innde wonnoo tigi ko Namandiiru, leydi ngalɗundi. Hedde teeminannde 11ɓiire, nde wiytaa Tekuruur. Hoɗnoo e mayri adan ko Seereraaɓe e Wolofaaɓe e Soninkooɓe jillondirɓe e Fulɓe haa jibini ko wiyetee hannde Haalpulaar koo. Duttorɗe jangtaaɗe ina kollita ko mawɗo Manna en, Waar Jaabi Njaay sari Lislaam nder tuundu nduu caggal nde o fooli Jah-Oogo en. Ko kanko kadi waawni ɗemngal Fulfulde e dow yammirde mo moni kala yo « Haal Pulaar ! Haal Pulaar ! ».
Ko e daartol keewngol dille nder oo diiwaan keewɗo kareeli ɗi ngasataa Tekuruur ɗakkaa e njiimaandi kaanankiri Soninkooɓe Gaana nder teeminannde 12ɓere, refti heen ko laamaandi Mali (Manndinkooɓe) nder teeminannde 15ɓiire, ko adii nde kaanankiri Gaawo lomtotoo. Ko Koli Teŋella tabitini ngootaagu leydi ndii hedde hitaande 1512. Ko ndeen leydi ndii innitaa, wiyaa Fuuta-Tooro. O renndini pine ɗii leñƴi fof haa o sari ɗe nder Afirik Hirnaange, gila Mali haa Kameruun e Niseer, haa yettii golwole ko wayi no Usumaan Dem Fodeejo e Umarul Fuutiyyu en.
Tesko-ɗen noon Berbeer en ɓe leñol Sahajja en ndewii ɗoon. Gooto e ɓiyɓe Waar Jaabi tawtoraama e dow ɗuum dillere Maraabat en (Muraabiɗuun). Ko caggal ɗuum ndiwkeerunkooɓe Maruknaaɓe e harbiyankooɓe mum en Hormankooɓe ngari haa njettii maaje Niiseer e Senegaal. Ɓe teeŋtini goodal Aarabeeɓe ɓe leñol Beni Hasan en nder ndii leydi laatiindi lislameeri gila cogge gelooɗi befooje Saharaa ina njiyloo kaŋŋe e maccuɓe. Oo demoowo yimiyanke nder kolaaɗe maayo Senegaal ina woowi jime paayodinɗe Aarabeeɓe gila e yonta jaahiliya wayɓe no Antaar e Umarul Qaïs. Garal Tuubakooɓe jibini pelɓondiral pine muusngal, ɗum addani yimiyanke woyde ngati bawɗi mum pusaama, leeɓi koɗli taƴaama, duɗe dingire mum ñifaama. Ko ndeen donaaɗi e goowaaɗi ngenndi mooloyii nder jimɗi gaadanteeji jeyaaɗi e ndesaari ngorwordi coñce kinɗe nder Fuuta-Tooro.
Ndee hettere leydi lommbiinde hakkunde Saahal to rewo e Ferlo to worgo, ndi laatii ko duunde alɗunde ngati ndemandi mayre dumunnaari, coñal laabi ɗiɗi hitaande fof, jibinii kadi naatnaattondiral ɓesnguuji. Eɗen mbaawi tigi wiyde coñce Fuuta-Tooro ummii ko e njilludi keewndi goobuuji batte Manndinkooɓe to bannge fuɗnaange-worgo, Berbeer en e Aarabeeɓe to rewo, Wolofaaɓe e Seereraaɓe to hirnaange. Haa e yonta badtiiɗo, ko coñce jangtaaɗe laatii ngoroondi teeŋtundi, hay sinno nde sabu Lislaam, mbinndiin aarabeere huutoraama haa woodi e banngeeji majje tonngaa, tawi ina yahdi e ooñtude njeñtaari pine ɗee to bannge diine ngam haɓaade sanamiyaagal gonnongal e leƴƴitaade.
Goodal coñce kinɗe
Renndo Haalpulaar waɗi ko calɗi tati. Salndu adanndu nduu ko Rimɓe ɗo tawaten Fulɓe-Aynaaɓe, Toorodɓe, Seɓɓe, Subalɓe, Jaawanɓe. Saldu ɗiɗmuru nduu ko Ñeeñɓe fitiram-golle en kam e ñeeñɓe jaareeɓe, woni Mahbuɓe, Wayiluɓe, Sakkeeɓe, Lawɓe, Wammbaaɓe, Mahbuɓe-Suudu-Paate e Awuluɓe. Salndu tataɓuru nduu ko Jiyaaɓe (e Gallunkooɓe).
Ko adii nde hinnde Toorodɓe woodata, ardude e compugol lefol Almamaagal, renndo Haalpulaar en waawiino reende goodal mum e jerondiral mum e fawaade e ngonka kinɗe mum. Ngonka kinɗe ɗee ina yiytetonoo laataade ɗe timmotirooje, gootal fof timmina keddingal ngal. Ndeen, jotondiral hakkunde kinɗe ɗee ina newinoo sanne, wonaa no jooni nii. Kañje fof ɗe innitirtonoo ko iwdi ngootiri.
Ndeen, neɗɗo arataa Ceɗɗo maa Pullo-Gaynaako, maa Cubballo, o wontatno ɗuum e fawaade e jikku makko, baawal makko, maa e taariindi makko – ngonka maccungaagu alaa fof ɗo fawinoo. Wonde maccuɗo fawinoo ko e batte golwole. Eɗen teskoo hannde, macungaagu e gallunkaagu ngontii hinnde no kinɗe keddiiɗe ɗee nii, hinnde heewɓe yimɓe, nde ɓesngu mum hedditorii njiyaagu ellee ella walla si’i donaaɗo.
Iwdi cariindi kesiri hinnde Toorodɓe, ummii ko e kinɗe keddiiɗe ɗee fof, hinnde yuɓɓunde les araaraay Lislaam. Ɗum tagi en nanataa hinnde ndee nder daari kollitooji iwde Fulɓe. Tinndi men ina cifoo Fuuta, mbiya ɗum : “Leydi awooɓe e aynaaɓe”.
Sikke alaa, kinɗe ɗee fof innitirtoo ko ɗo gootel, Pullo garwaniijo, gontuɗo Lawbo ɗoo, Cubballo too, Bammbaaɗo bannge goɗɗo, ekn. Ko ɗoon coñce cañii, coñce “kinɗiije” (pawiiɗe e hinnɗe) kono ɗe ngonaa diiwtuɗe goɗɗum, ɗe ngonaa uddiiɗe. Hinnde fof ina joganii renndo ngoo gollal nder pinal gootal ngal, e teskaade ngaal pinal ina jogii darnde, ko adii fof naftoore, jeytoraande e njuɓɓudi nguurndam ñalnde kala. Miijo “coñce ngam coñce” (l’art pour l’art) woodaano e ngoon renndo.
E takko ngal pinal naftowal, aawdi ndenndaani ina woodi, ndenndinndi ko adii fof tinndi e daari ballitooji nehngo renndo gila e cukaagu haa e cagataagal. So sukaaɓe e taani mum en catiima duɗal, ko ndeen kon keɓatnoo binndannde nguurndam gadane maandinaaɗe e baɗe kullon ladde. Mawɓe so ummitiima e golle caasɗe, pooftotoo ko jamma tawa aɓe keɗoo haaliyankooɓe, njeewtana ɓe golwole e daari yimɓe ɓennuɓe laatotooɓe daarorɗe cuusal e e moƴƴere, e jaambaraagal e giɗli. Ko e nder ndii awdi ngootiri ndenndaani kadi mbaɗtaten won ɗiin fannuuji coñce ko wayi no leele e calsaltiri mum ko heen jeyaa.
Leelee calsitiri mum
Leele ina darji nder renndo Haalpulaar en. Iwdi oo fannu njimri anndaaka tigi rigi. Won wiyɓe leele ummii ko e Arabeeɓe. Ɓe mbiyi helmere “leele” ndee ummii ko helmere Aarab “leyla” (jamma). Woɗɓe heeriiɓe annduɓe mbiyi alaa, ko wayi no Buubu Sal mo Podoor (yoo Geno yaafo mo). E fawaade e dalillaaji tiiɗɗi o wiyi “leele” ko e nokku hee tigi sosaa ngati ko adii Siidi Siriif mo Ciloñ bayyinɗo oo baar, woɗɓe kuutoriima ɗum tigi. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, yaajni leele ko baar “su’araawu” laatiiɗo tabitino jime Antaar et Umaul Qaïs, yimiyankooɓe Arabeeɓe e yonta jahiliyya.
Njooɗndam jammaaji, yurmeende pottite giɗli, sifaa moƴƴere ŋari debbo, sifaade yeweende nokkuuji ɗi haaliyanke ciftori… Ɗum fof jeyaa ko e « leele » e calsitiri mum. Naalankooɓe ŋanaa mawninii leele, hono Sammba Joob “Leele” e Abdullaay Ceenel Faal (yo Geno yaafo ɓe). Hannde, Aamadu Tammbaa Joob ɓamtii araaraay “leele”.
Mbaydiiji coñce dumunneeje
Mbaydiiji coñce dumunneeje (joljole pawiiɗe e dumunaaji) mbaɗtatee ko e jeyal denndangal. Kono aɗi teskoree heewde ciiri e fawaade e ngonkaaji. Ɗi keewi ko maaydude e jom majji. Njeñtudi majji teddaani haa noon fof ngati sosi ɗi ko naalankooɓe (coolooji jayɓe, diɗɗe naalankooɓe nanaaɓe), fentooɓe jimɗi kesi ƴoogaaɗi e jimɗi boombi gure so ina nguna gawri maa so ina poɓɓana sippirteeɓe nder dingire.
Bayal Sammba Teen mawninii ndii mbaydi coñce e kitaale 1930. Pelle ɓurɗe ɓadtaade en ngonii naalankooɓe ŋanaa : wayɓe no Sammba Diyye Sal, Siidi Baylel Caam, Birom Njaay, Aali Hammadi Aali, ekn. Hannde oo, woni ɗoo ko gaaciyankooɓe hesɓe e gardagol Baaba Maal mo Daande Leñol, adduɓe kesamkesaagu, naatni heen mbaydiiji coñce Fuuta e nokkuuji goɗɗi. Ciftoren ɗoo Usumaan Hammadi Joob, Ngaari Laaw (jiyruɗo hoore mum dono Bayal Sammba Teen), Demmba Jah, Accaa Wele, Abuu Jubaa Deh, ekn.
Nafoore heeriinde batte coñce kinɗe
Coñce kinɗe njeyaa ko e faawru renndaandu ndu diƴataa. Ina heen Pekaan, wulaango Subalɓe, Gumbalaa, noddaango Seɓɓe, Dillere eewnaango Mahbuɓe.
Dillere nde Mahbuɓe
Sammba Dooru Mahbo e Umar Gafoo Senngoot, ko mawɓe yimatnooɓe Dillere ŋanaa. Mahbuɓe Sañooɓe ina teskoraa hinnde haɓɓiinde e gannde ɓaleeje jotondirɗe e jaŋde meccal cañu. Fitiram-golleeɓe kuutoroo gollorɗe mum en e cefi mum en, sara yaawere Cubballo maa Ceɗɗo peewnoowo kaɓirɗe mum. Jimoowo Dillere e ñeeñal mum e gannde mum, artirana renndo sippiro duumiingo hakkunde cañoowo e meccal mum, tawa ina yahda e lamɗam asko, ɗo ɓiyɓe yummiraaɓe maɓɓe Wayluɓe, Sakkeeɓe, Lawɓe njaltata e ngoon asko.
Pekaan mo Subalɓe
Sikke alaa, Pekaan jeyaa ko e fannu coñce Haalpulaar en ɓurɗe lollude nder Afiriki Hirnaange. Pekaan waɗi ko jime cornaaɗe cefi caɗɗi faamde. Cefi ɗi yamiraaɓe tan mbaawi sappaade. Iwdi Pekaan ko ndernderi cuuɗiindi. Wonande hoɗɓe e daande maayo, gannde cuuɗiiɗe nder diyƴe, kaawis dille won “tagooje kaawniiɗe” maa kulle ɗe ganndaaka… ko geɗe paamortooɗe nder gannde cuuɗiiɗe. Jom-Maayo, Caamaaba, Munu-Maayo, ɗum fof ko jalaŋuuji diyƴe ɗi Cubballo wallikintoo mbele awo mum ina moƴƴa, maa daña poolgu nder kareeli ƴiiƴiiji hakkunde makko e Ngabu maa Ngaari Maayo. So en juurnitiima cefi ɗii, maa en taw heen kelme ɗemɗe Seereer maa Wolof. Ɗum ina seedoo jiidigal gila daawaa-dawi hakkunde Subalɓe Fuuta e renndooji Seereraaɓe e Wolofaaɓe. Hollirta ɗum ko won e jettooɗe bayɗe no Gey, Gay, Saar, Joob, ekn. Gellaay Aali Faal takkii innde mum e Pekaan nde heddiiɓe ndefti heen.
Gumbalaa mo Seɓɓe
Gumbalaa ko jimɗi hare, jeyi ɗum ko Seɓɓe. Ko hono noon “ vaaghu ” wayi e Safalɓe. Ina wiyee kadi Kontimpaaji maa Jimɗi Ƴiiƴam. To daartol, Gumbalaa jokkindiri ko e Bawɗi Alamari : tabale laamɓe e yonta Satigaagal, Fulɓe Deeniyankooɓe. Gumbalaa ko coñce hare e golwole. Mawninaa heen ko waasde hormaade maayde e muuseeki, ko kam woni jime coomɗe jaambaraagal e cuusal nder mbaadiiji mum kala.
Loowdi jime e jimɗi Gumbalaa ina keewi. Jimɗi daartooji kareeli Sammba Gelaajo Jeegi, tinndinooji golwole Koli Teŋella, cifotooɗi kaawniiɗe wolde Bilbasi. Ɗoo kadi eɗen teskoo kuutoragol kelmeendi ndi faamotaako e Pulaar, njiidundi e ɗemɗe Soninkoore e Bamanankoore. Ɗum ina teskina kadi batte ɗemɗe Mandinkooje nder ndii mbaydi coñce njaajndi e yonta Koli Teŋella. Hay sinno Gumbalaa tottaa ko Seɓɓe, ittataa ko Fulɓe fof ndenndi ɗum, ngati Seɓɓe ko harbiyankooɓe jokkiiɓe e lefol Fulɓe Deeniyankooɓe.
Eɗen ciftora ɗoo noon, Seɓɓe e koye mum en ina njogii jaarooɓe mum en, jeyaaɓe e hinnde Lawɓe, ɓe inniraa Lawɓe-Gumbalaa (ko ɓe Lawɓe yimooɓe Gumbalaa).
Pinal laamaandi Mali sariima e leyɗe Senegambi, Gine, haa e fuɗnaage-rewo Muritani. Ngal woppii batte to gaaci (kaɓirɗe mum e leeɓi mum) to firiqa Wulaad Mbaarek en haa jibini ko wiyetee “howl” to Safalɓe. Leeɓi gooti ɗi ceertaani piyatee e koɗli gila Neema haa Bamako e Ndakaaru e Konaakiri.
Beyti e coñce lislaamiyankooje
Mbaydi coñce kesiri dañaama nde Lislaam naati Fuuta. Beyti e burdi ko jime diine baajotooɗe, ɗe yimata ɗum en almaddaaji, mawninooɓe Lislaam kam e Nulaaɗo Muhammad (yo jam e kisal ngon e makko) maa waliyaaɓe mawɓe wayɓe no Sheek Tijjaani e Alhajji Umar Taal. Giiri noon kam ko mbaydi coñce ndi Almudɓe Ngay en kuutortoo (Almuudo Ngay wayi ko no sanɗa garɗo e joofnude, binndoowo jime ngam jaarde seernaaɓe mum so o arii e woppiteede).
Jime Ceerno Abdurahmaan mo Banaaji ganndiraaɗo Ceerno Boy ina njaaji ina ndarji. Gooto e almudɓe makko ɓurɓe anndeede ko Ñokkaan Jibi Selli. Muhammadu Aali Caam ina jeyaa e winndiyankooɓe ɓurɓe anndeede. Qasiida mo o wallifii e nguurndam Al hajji Umar Taal ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo ujunnaaji jeenay konngol. Yoga e ngal coñcal diinewal jangtangal maa binndangal ummii ko e hinnde Toorodɓe, hay sinno, e ko teeŋti, ngal jeytaama e jeyal denndangal kinɗe fof.
Mbinndiin jime ɗee abbitii ko e cañu ɗemngal Aarab. Heen sahaaji nii, jime ɗee ko binndanɗe e Arab ɓooyɗe piraaɗe e Pulaar haa njahda e ngonka Haalpulaar en. Nde wonnoo batte Lislaam nder renndo Haalpulaar en ko ko fuɗi, haa mbaydi miijanteendi maɓɓe fooɗtii doosɗe ɗe diine jannginta.
Nani, Fuuta-Tooro arii e laabi celi pine, ɗo ndeftaten kadi e Teen Yuusuf Gey ngati alaa e sago tonngen, “nder leydi Haalpulaar en, sikke alaa e ko ɓuri banngeeji goɗɗi, coñce carii uuranteeri ngenndi ndii. Kaaccam dowri gila Dimat haa Damga, ko ngesa gawri maa makka, ñaaruwal keccal lebbi tati nder hitaande, ɓoorningal goobuuji puri lebbi keddiiɗi ɗii, maayo woowaango kono mooftungo kullon kon nganndaaka. Leydi wontii mogo. Kammu seedtiima… yimre wontii miijannde… baaruuji leele ciftina pural cuuɗi mahiraaɗi ɓakke. Nguu goobu mboɗeewu gese gawri waalo, kadi so en uuraama keccol yarkomaa tawa eɗen ciftora jime Pekaan nder jammaaji”.
Fantaŋ mo Fulɓe Aynaaɓe
Ina wiyee baar gadiiɗo hoɗeede e hoddu ko Fantaŋ. Ko sonndu juurinoo e catal lekki ina sirka, jom hoddu ñemtini, ko ɗuum woni Saygalaare. Ko baar cuusal e jaambareeɓe, yimata ko lolluɓe wayɓe no Aamadu Sam Poolel, Umarel Sawa Donnde, Yero Maama, sawndii baaruuji jurminiiɗi ñemtinooji yah-ngartaa aynaaɓe cogge nay, jom gese en maa harbiyankooɓe hulɓiniiɓe sosɓe leppi laamaaɗi.
Sammba Taba Kali ko Mahbo Suudu Paate bayyinɗo Fantaŋ. Baaruuji goɗɗi jaltuɗi e Fantaŋ, nannduɗi e mbaydiiji dummunnaaji, njeytoraama e coñce Fulɓe. Bojal e goɗɗi ko heen njeyaa, Mammadu Faatel Bah ngal bayyini.
Kerooɗe maa Keroonde
Kerooɗe maa Keroonde ko jeyi waañooɓe. Kono hannde oo, alaa hinnde heeroriinde waaño. Mbele ndeen hinnde meeɗii woodde ? Ko naamnal. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, won dente yimɓe jotondirɓe e kullon, waañooɓe ngam ndaña heen ko nguurdi maa ngam reentoraade kulle daddooje. Ina heewi yiyeede gure keewɗe ɗo ndentata ngam haɓaade kullon ladde mbonnowon gese maa conngowon jawdi. Won e galleeji keeroriiɗi reende cefi waaño kam e gulaali wolde woni kerooɗe ngam doolnude baañoowo mbele kulle ladde ina ndonkana mo.
Naale mo Jiyaaɓe
Jiyaaɓe ko ɗawanooɓe e mbaydiiji coñce kinɗe keddiiɗe ɗee. Ɗum addani ɓe sosde mbaydi coñce maɓɓe keeriindi : Naale. Ɗo adan ɗoo, ɗee coñce keerorinoo tan ko hinnde Jiyaaɓe. Loowdi majje ko jime bellitaaɗe, jogiiɗi mbaydi ñiŋoori geɗe ooñiiɗe e renndo, ko wayi no ngeñamlesaagu, yiɗneede, mbooroɗaagu, ekn. Tawii tan ko ɗoon Naale kaaɗnoo alaa ko kinɗe keddiiɗe ɗee njyi heen ko boni. Kono, nde Naale fuɗɗii jogaade mbaydi waklitere, ina ñiŋa dabi renndo yowitiingo e kinɗe, ɗum wonti bonande. Ngam dartinde ɗum, seerenɓe kolliri Naale ina karmi, hay nii kuutoragol buubaa jahdintenooɗo heen oo.
Ina woodi kadi kinɗe daraninooɗe kinɗe keddiiɗe ɗee fof, maa mbiyen renndo ngoo kala. Yeru mum ko Awluɓe reenɓe Yeelaa, Lenngi e Bawɗi Alamari, hoɗooɓe. Ina e Lawɓe njaarata ko Seɓɓe, ɓeen ngoni Lawɓe Gumbalaa. En njiyii Mahbuɓe Suudu Paate njaarata ko Fulɓe. Ciftotoren ɗoo Mahbuɓe Jawanɓe njaarata ko Jaawanɓe. Ɓe njiidaa noon e Mahbuɓe Sañooɓe jeyɓe Dillere to bannge coñce keeriiɗe.
To bannge jokkondire naftooje coñce ɗee, tonngen wonde jotondire ina ngoodi tigi hakkunde won ɗeen kinɗe, ko wayi no Sakkeeɓe e Wayluɓe e Lawɓe e Mahbuɓe e Awuluɓe e Wammbaaɓe… kono kadi hakkunde Subalɓe e Fulɓe (Fulɓe Jaawɓe Dalli), ko noon kadi hakkunde Subalɓe e Seɓɓe (desondiral ina woodi hakkunde maɓɓe).
Kuɗol : Ibrahiima Muttaar Saar
Fulo : Aamadu Malal Gey koroowo Laabi Weeyo
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