Ko ɗo ngon-ɗaaNjanngiin Pulaar / Artirde ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde
Artirde ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde
Naatirde
E fawaade e ngonka hannde ɓurka tuugaade e demokarasi, yanti heen podooje birgatnooɓe lefol gardagol leydi; pelle pine Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof ina peññina ballal mumen feewde e wiɗtooji jogorɗi waɗde jowitiiɗi e nehdi e jaŋde e dawrugol kesol wonande ɗemɗe ngenndiije tawa eɗe kuutoree e dow kormagol leƴƴi men, ɗemɗe men e pine men.
So en teskiima wonde leyɗeele goɗɗe ina kuutoroo humpito men ko fayti e jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije wonande duɗe leslese hakkunde 1982 e 1999, ina haani ardiiɓe leydi ndi njuurnitoo ngoon ɗoon humpito ngam naattinde ɗum e tippudi nehdi e jaŋde ndi.
Hannde, huutoraade ɗemɗe ngenndiije e fannuuji nguurndam leydi ndi kala, haa teeŋti noon ko fayti e nehdi wontii huunde javaande e nder winndere nde. Yoga e pelle ina kollita ɗum, ko wayi no: goomu “Lingapax” mo “UNESCO” e dental jagge kalfinaaɗe nehdi ngenndi (CONFEMEN) e leyɗeele kuutortooɗe Farayse (AIF), hay “Banque Mondiale” paalkisinooɗo ɗemɗe ngenndiije waɗtii wiyde wonde eɗe njeyaa e geɗe teeŋtuɗe baawɗe ɓamtude tippudi nehdi e jaŋde e nder Afirik.
Humpito Muritani e jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije e jaŋde mawɓe.
Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije:
Yamiroore cosgol duɗal ngal tonngoode mum ko 79.348/PG/MEFS ñalnde 12/10/1979. Duɗal ngal ina foti yuɓɓinde e renndinde e ƴellitde denndaangal wiɗtooji ciyneteeɗi feewde e ɗemɗe ngenndiije fof. E ndii mbaydi, golle duɗal ngal ko heblude naatgol ɗemɗe Pulaar, Sooninke et Wolof e nder jaŋde leslesre e heblude jannginooɓe e wallifaade defte. Ƴeewde jaŋde nde ko naamni to bannge geɗe memotooɗe e to bannge ngalu. Anndude kadi nafooje potɗe wonde e kuutoragol ɗemɗe ɗe to bannge jaŋde leslesre, e kumpital e geɗe jokkondire e faggude e liggeey ekn… Duɗal ngal uddaa ko caggal memtagol jaŋde (sariya 99.012 e ñalnde 26 Abiriil 1999). Ɗum heblii fotde 500 jannginoowo e diisneteeɓe e horooɓe e nder ñalɗi juɓɓinaaɗi to “ENI” e nder jiilirde diiwanuuji wonande jaŋde leslesre nder nokku heblo duɗal ngal kadi ɗoo e Nuwaasot.
Jaŋde:
Duɗal huufii 52 duɗal jarriborgal (66 jannginirdu) kuutoriiɗe Pulaar, Sooninke, e Wolof hono ɗemɗe gadane to Tararsa, Barakna, Gorgol, Gidimaka, Asaaba, Nuwaasoot, Nuwaadibu e Tiriis Semmur ; hakkunde 1982 e 1988 duɗe 14 arab ɗo e Nuwaasoot, to Rooso e Kayhayɗi mbaɗti janngude Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof hono ɗemɗe ɗiɗaɓe. Kalifu nehdi ngenndi waɗii fotde 109 jannginoowo e les njiimaandi Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije. Caggal heblo juutngo, tuugiingo e humpitooji leyɗeele catiiɗe en, jarribagol ɗemɗe ɗe fuɗɗii ko e oktoobar 1982 e nder duɗe 12 wonande doge garwane. Ɗemɗe cifaaɗe ɗe njarribaama e mbaydi ngaroori les ndi:
Hakkunde 1982 – 1988. Ɗemde Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof ko ɗemɗe neeniije, kuutoraama e nder jaŋde fannuuji fof e nder duuɓi jeegom wonande jaŋde leslesre. Arab jannginaa ko hono ɗemngal ɗiɗmal.
E ngalɗo daawal 1982 – 1988. Ɗemde Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof njannginiraa ko no ɗemɗe ɗiɗaɓe wonande sukaaɓe aarabeeɓe e nder duɗe 14 e Nuwaasoot, Rooso e Kayhayɗi,
Hakkunde 1988 e 1999. Ɗemɗe Pulaar, Sooninke e wolof njanngina ko duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani jaŋde leslesre e nder fannuuji fof. Ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal (ko Arab maa walla Farayse tawa jinnaaɓe cuɓoto, ɗum tuugii ko e jamirooje laamu). Ɗemngal cuɓangal fuɗɗoto ko e haala e lebbi tati cakkitiiɗi wonande tolno ɗiɗmo e kadi rewrude e haala e binndi wonande tolno tataɓo. Eggugol gannde ɗemngal neeniwal feewde e ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal yahrata ko seeɗa–seeɗa, so wonaa jaŋde limoore tan heddotoo e ɗemɗe neeniije. Ɗemɗe neeniije e tolno nayaɓo janngintee ko hono fannuuji e nder tuugnorgal ɗemɗe ɗiɗaɓe (Arab e Farayse) ngonta ɗemɗe ganndal e heblo ko fayti e jaŋde hakkundeere. Wonande duuɓi 18 jarribo loowdi tuugnorɗe e defte, ƴoogatnoo ko e tuugnorɗe jaŋde leslesre laamu, tawa eɗe piraa e ɗemɗe tati ɗe, so wonaa defte taro, nde wonno ɗe bulnii ko e tinndi e daari. Waktuuji janngeteeɗi ɗi ko gootum e waktuuji duɗe laamu.
Ɓeto :
Fotde laabi limti limtinɗi golle Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije ɓetaama. Halfinanoo ɓeto ngo ko biro diiwaniiwo UNESCO to Ndakaaru (BREIDA) e goomu karalleewu Kalifu Nehdi e Jaŋde Muritani.
Ɓeto BREIDA
Tuggi 23 noowaamburu haa 3 deesaamburu 1981, BREIDA ɓetii golle peewtuɗe e heblo jarribo ngo. E lebbi marse e abiriil 1984, BREIDA ɓetii keɓe jarribo ngo.
Keɓe ɗe ko nii ciforii:
“To bannge haala e binndol golle ɗe ina peewi”;
“Yiɗde sukaaɓe ɓe ɗemɗe mum en e jaŋde nde ina teskini”;
“ñamri jaŋde nde e fawaade e tolnooji ɗi, alanaa sukaaɓe
Caɗeele”;
“Jannginooɓe ɓe ina pelliti tee e goonga ina njiɗi ƴellitaare jaŋde nde e ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe”;
“Jinnaaɓe sukaaɓe ɓe ina njogii softeende mawnde e jaŋde duɗe jarriborɗe ɗe”;
“Ŋakkeende rewindo karallaagal jande nde, rokkude himme e sahtaade e kala sahaa defte jannginirɗe ɗe, ɓeydude jeeyngal feewde e renndo ngo, rokkude himme e keblitaagol jannginooɓe ina foti daraneede“;
“Santaas peewal jaŋde nde: e nokkuuji ladde (dowri) ko 82,10% ; e nokkuuji cahe 93,15% e nokkuuji teeru 81,52%”;
“Goomu BREIDA wasiyiima nde jaqde leslesre nde yuɓɓitintee, sabu teskaade ngonka leydi ndi to bannge politik e coftal e faamamuya renndo ngo jaɓde kuptidingol jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe”.
Ɓeto goomu karalleewu kalifu Jaŋde e Nehdi Muritani cosaangu e yamiroore nde t°00668 /MEN/28/01/1988. Goomu ngu golliima e kitaale 1988 e 1989. Tonngol goomu ngu ko nii siforii: “So eɗen njaɓi fiɓnde e cenagol jaŋde walla kenogol njuɓɓudi jaŋde nde; eɗen mbaawi tonngude, e kuuɓal wonde humpito ɗemɗe pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof e kuuɓal e nder jannginirɗe ɗe e dow ɓeto goomu ngu, ina heewi faayiida sabu santaas peewal ngal tolniima e 61% wonande edda ɗemɗe gadane ɗe e 71% wonande edda Arab njuɓɓudi ngaadanteeri mbaɗi pulaar – Sooninke e Wolof ɗemɗe ɗimme”. E gaynirde goomu ngu ina wasiyoo to bannge laawɗingol “Ƴettugol sariyaaji laawɗinooji e juɓɓinooji jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe”.
Wiɗto
Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije sosanoo ko e hitaande 1979; ngal daraniima wiɗto feewtungo e ɓamtugol ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe. Golle ɗe Dudal ngal daraninoo e mbaɗdaa ko e eɓɓooji dendaaɗi e ɗee leyɗeele hirnaange Afirirk kuutortooɗe ɗemɗe men ɗe (Muritani – Mali – Senegaal – Gine Konaakiri, Gine Bisao – Burkina Faso). E nder heen, wiɗtooji ɗiiɗoo mbaɗaama e leyɗeele ɗe.
Eddaaji ɗemngal (Calti) : wiɗtooji to bannge calti e nder ɗemngal mbaɗaama e kitaale 1983 e 1984 e ballondiral e ɗemɗiyankooɓe Mali e Senegaal. Feññinaama heen defte kollitooje ngonka ɗemɗe ɗe kala (Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof).
Firo kelmeeje : tuggi 1981 haa 1999 kelmeendi peewtundi e jaŋde fentaama, Ko noon ne wonande kelmeendi keeroriindi hiisa, siyaas, celluka, ɗemɗiyankaagal, daartol, ganndal nokku, e kelmeendi sato ɗo jannginta ɗo.
Firo winndaango (lexicographie)
Tuggi hitaande 1984 haa 1998 Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije daraniima heblude firo-winndaango (caggitorɗe) wonande ɗemngal kala : Pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof. Golle ɗe ndartii ko nde Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije fusaa. Goomuuji 3 ɗemɗe ɗe ina njahdinnoo e gollal ngal tafgol kelmeendi keeriindi nehgol jawdi, cellal e senaare.
Duɗe ƴeewndorɗe ɗe, yantude e gollirɗe cellal, nehngo jawdi e ndema, wiɗtooɓe, sanɗaaji duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde e pelle pine ɗe kuutoriima e goonga wiɗtooji ɗi e defte ɗe Duɗal ngal hebli.
Jaŋde mawɓe
Wonaa to laamu, wonaa to feere ngenndiyankoore ngam momtugol humambinnaagal e baasal (CSLP), hay gootal e ɗii njuɓɓudeeji teskaaki ɗemɗe ngenndiije Pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof. Ina woodi gollotooɓe woɗɓe daraniiɓe haɓde e humambinnaagu wayɓe no Pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje e pelle pine no Pelle men ɗee nii. Ɗee pelle ceeraani e hollitde keɓagol mum en e yiɗde mum en wallitde tawi aldaa e njoɓdi hare feewde e momtugol humambinaagal e rewrude e ɗemɗe tati ɗee. Ɗe keblii heblooɓe e jannginooɓe, ɗe tafii cumculaaji, ɗe keblii defte e jaayɗe e nder ɗemɗe ɗe. Eɗe ɗaɓɓi heptinananeede golle maɓɓe ɗe.
WASIYAAJI
Heɓtinde ɗemɗe ɗee fof mbele ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii fof ina mbellitoo e waawde heɓde, e nder ɗemɗe maɓɓe hakkeeji maɓɓe e ko fayti e kabaruuji e nehgol.
Reende e ƴellitde keɓe humpito DƊNG, jokkude golle wiɗto (caggitorɗe e ɗemngal e celluka, defte ɗemɗiije heblo e / walla janngirde e ɗemɗe 4 ngenndiije ɗe) nannditinde golle ɗe hakkunde leyɗeele (ɗemɗe ɗee fof ko ɗe jeyaaɗe baŋ yoo baŋ hakkunde leyɗeele, maa e nder leydi ndi).
Tafde goomuuji jiilgol ngam jokkude golle DƊNG taw tuugnorgal mum ko njuɓɓudi taƴndi hattan mum, ndi neɗɗaagal mum heɓtinaa, ndi yowitaaki to bannge ngalu.
Naatnude ɗemɗe ɗe e nder jaŋde ngenndi
Teskagol ɗemɗe ɗee fof e nder golle jaŋde mawɓe, waɗde jokkorde hakkunde jaŋde laawɗinaande e nde laawɗinaaka teeŋti noon wonande sukaaɓe woppuɓe lekkon.
Waɗde e ngonkaaji newnooji ƴellitagol ɗemɗe ɗe yeru (Juɓɓingol ɗemɗiyankaagu)/ ɗemɗe ngendiije e ɗemɗe koɗe nder golle jaŋde njuɓɓuli e duɗe keblorɗe; nder sifa cuɓagol e / walla nawgol e nokku golle gollotooɓe laamu, huutoraade ɗemɗe ɗe e konnguɗi e jaayɗeeli e golle njuɓɓudi laamu e/walla politik (laamu, senaa, asammbelee, njuɓɓudi laamu, pelle politik ekn).
TONNGOL
Hannde, haralleeɓe ina nanondiri e jaɓde wonde yahdinde jaŋde e geɗe ƴellitooje faggudu e renndo e nder leyɗeele Afirik, rewata tan ko e wuurtinde e naatnude ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe e nder jaŋde lekkon. Ɗemɗe neeniije sukaaɓe, ko huunde nawroore yeeso hattan almudɓe e moƴƴinde jaŋde. Caggal ɗum huutoraade ɗe e nder duɗe ina newna ƴellitgol ɗemɗiyankaagu; wona potal e udditagol e ɗemɗe e pine goɗɗe. Ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe ina mbaawi wonde kuutorgal e nder heblo maɓɓe e jaŋde sukaaɓe woppuɓe lekkon.
Eɗen mbiya ardiiɓe politik en ɓe nde njaɓata naatnude ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee fof e nder politikaaji e nder pewje ngenndi e ko fayti e nehdi, wiɗto jaŋde mawɓe sibu miijo potal, ngam newnande ɓiɗɓe leydi ndi e heɓde hakkeeji mumen e ko fayti e pine, kam e Doosgal leydi e nanondire hakkunde leyɗeele kuutorteeɗe ɗo pawi e daaɗe mum en e ngam kadi tiiɗnude ngootaagu leydi.
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Waɗaa ko Nuwaasoot ñalne 15 Marse 2008
Pelle Pine Ngenndi
- Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani, tonngoode yamiroore 000542/MINT/SAB,4 Suwe 1976.
- Fedde Ƴellitgol Ɗemngal e Pinal Sooninke e Muritani KK : 009/MINT, 3 Mars 1978.
- Fedde Ƴellitgol Ɗemngal Wolof e Muritani KK : 1482/MINT/DAP, 2 deesaamburu 1980.
DUTTORDE
- Hawraande winnderiyankoore hakke aadee 10 deesaamburu 1948,
- Hawraande winderiyankoore momtugol humambinaagu e nder mudda duuɓi 10 fedde winnderiyankoore ƴellitagol 15/11/1964,
- Kuulal 79.348/PG/MEFS 10/12/1979 cosgol DƊNG,
- Kuulal 80.067/PG/MEFS 11/04/1980 cuɓagol hoyreejo e terɗe diiso njuɓɓudi DƊNG,
- Kuulal 81.072/PG/MEFS cuɓagol maandeeji latin ngam wonde maandeeji binndugol alkule pulaar Sooninke e Wolof,
- Piɓondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ko yowitii e hakke faggudu e renndo e pine ciynangal 3/1er /1976,
- Kuulal 84.180 cubagol goomu ngenndi ngam waylo jaŋde,
- Kuulal 346/MEN/DEF 5/6/1984, cuɓagol terɗe goomu rewindo jaŋde mawɓe,
- Kuulal 003/MEN 3.1er 1987 ko yowitii e rewindo duɗe ƴeewndorɗe DƊNG,
- Kuulal 87.010 21/1er 1987 cosgol diiso ngenndi ngam jaŋde mawɓe,
- Kuulal 00668/MEN 28/1er/1988 toɗɗagol terɗe goomu haralleeɓe. Nokku jaŋde ngam ɓetde ƴeewndogol DƊNG,
- Kuulal 00209/MEN/SG/DEF/ILN 9/4/1988 cuɓagol haralleeɓe rewindo e horo jaŋde jannginooɓe e nder ƴeewndorɗe ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗe,
- Pellital hitaande winndiriyankoore ko fayti e mawɓe 1989,
- Kuulal 99.022. 26/4/1999 ko fayti e waylo nehdi,
- Kabrugol winnderiyankoore ngam jaŋde wonande yimɓe fof , “kabrugol 3/90
- Kabrugol Hamburg fayti e nehdi mawɓe sulyee 1997,
- Nanondiral e hakke ɓeydagol suka ( 29/11/1991)
- Nanondiral ceniingal e nanondiral Afrik hakke aadee e renndo ko yowitii e hakke rewɓe e Afrik,
- Golle Ndakaaru: Nehdi yimɓe fof, reende konngol men, Abriil 2000,
- Kabrugol winnderiyankeewol UNESCO ko fayti e eddaaji pine 2-11-2001
- Doosɗe Ndenndaandi Lislaamiyankeeri Muritani 25/6/2006 (Kuulal 6)
- ONU nanondiral CE DAW (nanondiral ngam riiwtude denndaangal fannu ceerndugol fayde e debbo,
- ONU: Nanondiral winnderiyankaagal ko fayti e riiwtude kala fannu leñamleñamaagu.
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