E taƴre adannde winndannde men yaltunoonde e tonngoode 178, en kollitiino wonde mumto leñol Tutsi en fuɗɗinoo to Ruwanndaa ko ñalnde 7 abriil 1994, hay so tawii ngol seɓɓitiiɓe Hutu en ɓamii heblude ngol ko ɓooyi. E njiyiino wonde koloñaal ina jeyaa gadduɗo ceerungal e ngañantumaagu hakkunde leƴƴi e leydi hee, tee seɓɓitiiɓe Hutu en ɓee, wonaa Tutsi en tan mbari, ɓe idorii ko mumtude kala ko ina waawi faddaade ɓe e feere maɓɓe bonnde ndee : ɓe idorii ko warde Hutu en ɓe ɓe njiidi leñol saliiɓe miijo ngañantumaagu leñol. Warngooji keewɗi goɗɗi mbaɗanooma, no annama reftooji nii. Ko hono noon kadi warhooreeji leƴƴi goɗɗi ganndaaɗi ɗii njahri, yeru warhoore Yahuud en, walla mo Armeninaaɓe.
En mbiyiino heen wonde, caggal ko kewnoo Muritani e kitaale 90-91, caggal warngo Ogosagu to Mali, e fawaade kadi ko woni to Gine e Burkinaa, ngenndiyankooɓe kala ina poti jeertaade e ngonka won ɗiin leƴƴi, haa arti noon e ngonka Fulɓe e nder ɗee leyɗe limtaaɗe. Fulɓe e koye mum en ina poti waɗtude hakkille, ngardina miijo, ƴeewtoo no moƴƴi nguurndam mum en, ngam suraade e hono ɗuum…
En njiyiino warkoyeeɓe ɓee idorii ko keblugol hakkillaaji, bonnitde anniyaaɓe momteeɓe ɓee, itta neɗɗaagu mum en, haa nannditina ɗum en e jawdi, warde ɗum en ɓeydoo newaade. E nder Alemaañ Hitleer, yahuud en tooñirtenoo ko « doombi ». E onndoji rajooji Mil Kolin (Mille colline) to Ruwanndaa, Tutsi en mbiyetenoo ko « booti ». Yanti e ɗuum eɓɓaande warngo ndee siynaaka e ñalawma gooto. Hutu en seɓɓitiiɓe ɓee, puɗɗorii ko ittude kala kaɗooje walla paddooje, e riiwde kala ko waawi seedtaade golle bonɗe ɓe keblata ɗee. Ko ɗum tagi ɓe idorii ko warde soldateeɓe 10 belsenaaɓe, ɓe owni beeli 2 500 koninke Fedde ngenndiije haa njalti leydi ndii…
Jooni noon njokken
Ngonka politik e konu hade warngooji ɗii
Ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1990, rebel FRP en ɓe Pool Kagame tacci keerol hakkunde Ugannda e Ruwannda, ngari haa alaa ko heedi ɗum en e Kigali so wonaa 80 km.
4 oktoobar 1990, Farayse e Belsik cakki peeje ngam artirde yimɓe mum en wonnooɓe Ruwannda.
Konu Farayse heblii, yuɓɓitini FAR (Forces Armées Rwandaises woni konu leydi ndii) ngam dartaade FPR. Ina wiyee wonde FPR ɓaarinoo kam ne ko e konu Uganndaa.
E hitaande 1991 pelle sukaaɓe keewɗe keɓtinaama e leydi hee tawi won heen ko jogitiiɗe (milisaaji). Won e majje barɗe koye keewɗe, kono ñaawraaka ɗuum saka pawee kuuge. Ɗuum ina jeyaa e geɗe ballitɗe momto-leñol.
E 1993 koninkooɓe Tutsi en mbari persidaa Burundi, hono Melsiyoor Ndadaye (ko o Hutu). Ɗum jibini wolde nder Burundi, heewɓe (Tutsi en e Hutu en fof) mooloyii worgo Ruwannda. FPR e laamu Ruwannda kadi ciifondiriino nanondiral (Nanondiral Arusha) ngam dartinde hare, kono ko maa F.NG.D. neldi toon konu (MINUAR) ngam reende ciynugol mum.
Silsil warngooji ɗii
6 abriil 1994 persidaaji Ruwannda (Jewenal Habiyarimana) e Burunndi (Sipiriyen Nataryamira) maayi kam en ɗiɗo fof nde misil sammini laana ndiwoowa ɓe njolnoo, tawi ina hebloo juuraade Kigali. Haa hannde berliiɗo oon misil anndaaka. Oon jamma konuuji FPR tuddinnooɗi saraaji keerol Ugannda njaaɓani Kigali.
7 abril : Hooreejo hiifaaɓe hono Agat Uwilingiyimana (debbo gidiiɗo ardaade Ruwannda) e hoohooɓe politik Hutu en hakindiiɓe woɗɓe mbaraa, ngam haɗde jam dañeede, ko jiidaa e koninkooɓe belsiknaaɓe 10 jeyaaɓe e MINUAR. Milisaaji Hutu ndarni uddooji keewɗi nder Kigali e nder leydi ndii ngam tuntundaande e warde kala Tutsi, ɓe ɓe kaɓtinirta kartal dentitee mum leñol.
- 8 abril 1994, Farayse e Belsik nawti yimɓe mum en. Balɗe dewɗe heen ɗee, Hutu en seɓɓitiiɓe ɓee njani e kala nokkuuji ɗo Tutsi en moolinoo (ekkolaaji, eglisaaji…), mbari ɗum en, e ballal gardeeɓe renooɓe persidaa won e nokkuuji.
- 14 abril 1994 : Laamu Belsik yaltini soldeteeɓe mum e MINUAR.
- 21 abril 1994 : Goomu Kisal F.NG.D. felliti ittude toon MINUAR. E nder 2 500 koninke, alaa ko ɗali toon so wonaa 250.
- 30 abril 1994 : Goomu Kisal F.NG.D. yamiri dartingol hare hakkunde FPR e FAR, kono haaɗi tan ko e dipolomasi e paabagol yimɓe. Hooreejo Goomu nguu, e nder haala mum, wiyaani ko mumto-leñol, kono haala mum ina laaɓti : « Siwil en ɓe alaa ko njogitii nana njanee e nder leydi hee kala, haa teeŋti noon e nokkuuji gonɗi e njiimaandi konu walla ɓalliiɓe Guwarnama Ruwannda… Warngo yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leñol tawi faanditaa heen ko mumtude ɗum en haa laaɓa walla huunde e mum en, ko warhoore mo sariya winndereejo fawi kuuge ». E oon sahaa maayɓe ɓee ina millee e 200 000 neɗɗo. Kono heewɓe tawi kuutoriima helmere mumto-leñol ndee ngam sifaade warngooji ɗii.
- 17 mee 1994, Goomu Kisal F.NG.D. haɗti naatgol njogitaaje e Ruwannda, kono ɗuum ɗooftaaka, sibu haɗaani kaɓirɗe paaɗe e FAR rewrude Goma, walla paaɗe e FPR rewrude Ugannda.
- 31 mee 1994 : Ciimtol Kuuɓal kuuɓtodinngal F.NG.D. e joɗnde Goomu kisal millii maayɓe ɓee hakkunde 250 000 e 500 000. Ngool ciimtol wiyi kadi « warngooji ɗii ko kuuɓtodinɗi, tee sikke alaa ko ɗum mumto-leñol ». Ina wiyaa e tonngol ciimtol ngol « … Enen fof eɗen poti heɓtinde wonde en mballaani Ruwannda daɗde e firtaare, en mbiyaani hay qaala, e nder ɗuum en njaɓii woppude innama aadee ina maaya eɗen ƴeewa ».
- 8 suwee 1994 : Goomu Kisal F.NG.D. suurti warngooji ɗii, ɓeydi manndaa MINUAR to bannge lajal (haa desammbar 1994) e to bannge donngal (ndeenka tuddule mooliiɓe). Leyɗe jeyaaɗe e F.NG.D. ɗaɓɓiraa ballal ngam cemmbingol MINUAR. Oon sahaa fotde 1 500 000 Hutu ina ndoga faade hirnaange leydi ndii, sibu ɓallagol konu FPR.
- 22 suwee 1994 : Farayse ummini ko anndiraa « opération Turquoise » so neldugol to hirnaange worgo leydi ndii soldeteeɓe Farayse ngam hanndanaade mooliiɓe ɓee nokku paaborɗo yimɓe kisnaaɗo. Kono ɗuum haɗaani warngooji Tutsi en jokkude haa e nder oon nokku kisnaaɗo gonɗo e njiimaandi Farayse.
- 4 sulyee 1994 : FPR heɓti laamorgo leydi ndii.
- 16 sulyee 1994 : Ɗoon ɗo soldeteeɓe FAR carondirta gooto fof ina doga ngam daɗndude fittaandu mum, Galle Daneejo (galle laamorɗo Leyɗe Dentuɗe Amerik) habri uddugol ammbasaad Ruwannda e diiwgol gollotonooɓe heen, habri diisnondiral e terɗe Goomu Kisal F.NG.D. ngam uddude joɗnde mum to Ruwannda, e pawgol junngo e kala ko Ruwannda joginoo to Amerik.
- Ko 17 sulyee hiisaa woni ñalngu dartagol momto-leñol ngol, woni ñalngu ngu FPR heɓti ko ɓuri heewde e leydi ndii. Ñalnde heen tawi 800 000 Tutsi e Hutu kakindiiɗo (ɓe ngondaani e warngooji ɗii) tawi mbarama ; miliyon ruwanndanaaɓe dogooɓe konu FPR taccii keerol faade Sayiir (Zaire) (Konngo demokaraatik hannde oo). Soldateeɓe « Operation Turquoise » (soldateeɓe Faarayse), reennooɓe keerol Sayiir ngol, ngoppii hay konu leydi ndii (FAR) e kaɓirɗe mum, kam e ardiiɓe e cibooji Hutu en tacci keerol ngol ngam mooloyoo to Sayiir. Jooni ko mooliiɓe ɓee, hono ɓee yimɓe ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawnanoo warde, sibu ɓe njookiima hankati hakkunde FPR e milisaaji momti-leñol jiimɗi tuddule mooliiɓe ɓee. Ñalnde 18 sulyee, FPR wiyi dartinii hare. Ñalnde 19 sulyee FPR darni Guwarnama Ngootaagu ngenndi wonande daawal cabborgal duuɓi joy. Hutu gooto jeyaaɗo e FPR ina wiyee Pasteur Bisimungu waɗaa hooreejo leydi, Pool Kagame gardinooɗo konu FPR woni cukko hooreejo leydi. Fostin Twagiramungu, daɗɗo e warngooji hee waɗaa hooreejo hilifaaɓe (premier ministre), hono no eɓɓiranoo e nanondiral Arusha nii.
Balɗe 100 mumtugol
Lebbi tati kuurɗi, ko warngooji, nder leydi njogiindi njuɓɓudi cañiindi kañum fof e wonde e haɓde e FPR. Jamirooje mumtugol ndewnetenoo ko e perfeeji haa yettoo burgemeste (Meer komin), ɓeen ne njuɓɓina batuuji e nder wuro kala ngam habrude jamirooje dokkaaɗe ɗee e ballal sanndarma en e ardiiɓe eglisaaji. Rajo-Tele Mil Kolin ngoo kadi saakta ɗi haa ɗi njaaja, ina hirjina, e ɗowa, ina semmbina warngo Tutsi en, ina joopanoo warooɓe ɓee nokkuuji ɗo Tutsi en tawetee, waktu yoo waktu. Warngo ngoo yuɓɓiniraa ko no dawi nii, yimɓe fof ndenndinee, ndawana waroyde, hono no ngo yuɓɓiniranoo to Mutara e hitaande 1990, e to Bugesera e hitaande 1992. Kono jooni, ko warngo Tutsi en e Hutu en ɓe njaɓaani warngo ngoo, jaggiraaɓe ko « jamfankooɓe », ko ngo huuɓtodinngo e nder leydi hee kala. Ardii golle ɗee ko milisaaji ɓalliiɗi laamu nguu, e ballal FAR, yimɓe heddiiɓe ɓee alaa e sago ndewa heen. Yimɓe ɓee keewi huutoraade ko jaasiiji e jale e cabbi ñiɓaaɗi pontooje ekn…
Laabi ɗii kala uddaa e leydi hee no diidorinoo ngam faddaade yiɗɓe daɗndude pittaali mum en, e warde ɗum en e darnde. Ardiiɓe laamu nguu e nokkuuji ɗii ina keewi, heen sahaaji e dow yamiroore perfeeji, hujjinoraade yiɗde daɗndude Tutsi en, ɓe ndenndina ɗum en e nokkuuji buur ko wayi no estaduuji walla kuɓeeje meeriiji, ekkolaaji, eglisaaji. Konu ara ɗoon « fuɗɗoroo golle ɗee » njogitaaje kaanɗe ɗee, ko wayi no gernaduuji, caggal ɗuum milisaaji ngara njokkita ko heddinoo koo. Milisaaji ɗii alaa galle Tutsi mo purgata, ɓe njaltina kala suuɗinooɓe heen, ɓe mbara ɗum en.
E nder lebbi tati, miliyoŋ neɗɗo mbaraama e wiyde laamu Ruwannda, 800 000 neɗɗo e wiyde F.NG.D. e OUA, warngo bonngo (debodeedi mbaagee, tigguuji mum en mbaree, wondude e kaantare njogoram, warngooji ɗii ngoppaani galleeji jilluɗi…).
Ñalnde 12 abril 1994 mawɗo konu leydi ndii lomtinooɗo ñalnde 7 abril, caggal nde gonnooɗo ɗoon sankii ñalnde 6 abriil e njangu, kam e ofiseeji sappo FAR njaltini bayyinaango ngam ñiŋde warngooji ɗii, e wagginde dartingol hare. Ɗoon e ɗoon Guwarnama cabborɗo oo itti mo.
Perfee wuro ina to worgo leydi ndii (wuro wooto ɗo Tutsi wonnoo perfee) etiima haɗde warngo e diiwaan mum. O ittaa ñalnde 17 abril 1994. Mumtugol fuɗɗii, sibu, ñalnde 19 abril ko gardiiɗo guwarnama e mudda oo e hoore mum ari ɗoon hirjinde yimɓe e « waɗde dawi » !
Nder diiwaan Kibuye gonɗo nder kaaƴe, lollirɗo jaambaraagal, Tutsi en ndenti ngam dartaade laamu nguu e miliseeji ɗii, ɓe kaɓtorii ɓe kaɓirɗe ɓe keɓtatnoo e maɓɓe. 65 000 Tutsi ubbidaamma ɗoon e wiiduru wooturu. Soldateeɓe Farayse limii ɗoon 800 daɗɗo.
Waɗii ko luulndii ɗuum e nokku gooto bajjo ina wiyee Giti, sara Kigali : hay Tutsi gooto waraaka ɗoon, sabu darnde laamu ngonnoongu ɗoon nguu. Persidaa Bisimungu yettii perfee wuro ngoo caggal poolgu FPR.
Ñalnde 30 abril 1994, biro politik FPR yaltini bayyinaango ngam wiyde mumtugol ngol dartiima. Ngo wiyi Goomu Kisal F.NG.D. hoto neldu toon konu wiyi ina nelda nguu, sibu neldugol toon konu e ooɗoo sahaa alaa ko nafata hankadi ». Heewɓe nii mbiyi mumtugol ngol timmii e yoga e nokkuuji leydi ndii ko adii nde lewru mee 1994 feccinta. Oon sahaa waɗii luural e nder laamu cabborgu nguu mbele « rewɓe e sukaaɓe daɗnooɓe e nder won e diiwanuuji ina poti mumteede walla woppeede ndaɗa, kono fellitaa ko yo ɓe mbare kamɓe fof ».
Ko maa Farayse yenanaa FPR woni ko e foolde, nde fuɗɗii huutoraade helmere « mumto-leñol » ngam dagnude neldoygol toon konu.
Ko ɓuri heewde e daɗɓe ɓee mooloyinoo ko to diiwanuuji Fuɗnaange Rewo leydi ndii, ɗo FPR idinoo heɓtude. Won heen cuuɗii ko e nokkuuji beeli walla e dunli. Heddiiɓe ɓee, ko ɓe Hutu en ndaɗndi, tawi ko e sirlu, haa nde FPR ari. FPR sakkitii yettaade ko nokku ɗo konu Farayse wonnoo ɗoo, ko ɗoon warngooji cakkitii dartaade sibu soldateeɓe Farayse e MINUAR fof ko wiyanooɓe « yo njaggu koye mum en e geɗe ɗee » ; kono tan Farayse daɗndii fotde 8 000 ɓoccitinooɗo to hirnaange rewo leydi ndii e 800 woɗɓe to Bisesero e woɗɓe teelɗuɓe.
Mumtugol ngol ko boomaare mawnde kadi to bannge faggudu sabu bonnugol jawdi (haa arti e jawdi ndariindi) kam e koɗorɗe e nammbuuji e kala ko jokkii e Tutsi en.
FPR ne, nder hare mum keɓtugol leydi ndii, reenii tutsi en daɗnooɓe ɓee, kono kadi heɓii warde ardinooɓe laamu ɓennungu nguu heewɓe, ko aldaa e ñaawoore. Won ciimtol gootol HCR feññini wonde FPR warii hakkunde 25 000 e 45 000 neɗɗo, hakkunde abril e ut 1994, kono wonaa e sabu mum en jeyeede e leñol.
Darnde Aduna
Ina laaɓti wonde leyɗe aduna ɗee kaɗaani ngol mumtugol. Seneraal gardinooɗo MINUAR oo ñiŋii ndeen darnde. Haa teeŋti noon e Farayse. Ko wayi no Israayiil takkaama jokkude yeeyde laamu leydi ndii kaɓirɗe (petelaaji, kure e gernatuuji). Ma a taw boom ko ɗuum addani Diiso Toowngo (Cour Supreme) Israayiil fellitde sokde duttorɗe jowitiiɗe e njeeygu Ruwannda kaɓirɗe e sahaa mumto-leñol ngol, e suuɗde ɗum yimɓe, hoto ɗum bonnande kisal Israayiil kam e jokkondire mum e leyɗe goɗɗe. Dental Dowlaajo Amerik e Goomu Kisal muum (Ruwannda ina jeyanoo heen e 1994), caliima wiyde warngooji ɗii ko mumto-leñol, gila e law. Ko ɗuum haɗi kuutoragol « Nanondiral paddagol warhoore e mumto-leñol » potnongal waawnude Dowlaaji ciifɗi Nanondiral ngal daraade ngam haɗde ɗum.
Ko warngooji ɗii mbaɗetee koo fof, Sarwiis F.NG.D. toppitiiɗo Deeƴre ko ko haɗi Seneraal Romeyoo Daleer huutoraade njogitaaje ngam haɗde ɗi. O ɗaɓɓiino e F.NG.D. heɓde yamiroore heɓtude njogitaaje cuuɗaaɗe e saawiyee 1994 kono o heɓaani ndeen yamiroore.
So Alla jaɓii maa en ngartu e batte ngoo momto leñol, kam e ngonka Ruwanndaa hannde.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
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