Wejo finaatawa egga-hoɗaaɓe to Burkinaa yuɓɓinaama tuggi 11 sulyee haa 28 sulyee to Galle pinal Farayse « Georges Méliès » to Wagadugu. Geɗe pinal Fulɓe Burkinaa keewɗe ina kollitaa heen. Min podaniino on artude heen e ndeeɗoo tonngoode : min mbaɗii ko min mbiynoo. Winndannde ndee noon ko e Fulfulde Burkinaa.
Ɗum woni duuɓi tati kawrital rewɓe e worɓe ley Association Culture et Developpement Agropastoral (ACTDAP/Weltaare) na darani jaaral yeeso finaatawa egga-hoɗaaɓe ley Burkina Faso. Golle ngal kawrital na haandi mballa.
Ɗuuɗal egga-hoɗaaɓe ley Burkina Faso (11% yimɓe leydi) e ko ɓuri hewde faro soɓiire leydi haɗaay finaatawa maɓɓe majjeede. Kawrital ngal wallitan egga-hoɗaaɓe no jeytirta finaatawa muɓɓen. Faa hannden du, ngal hollitan heddiiɓe du, finataawa fulɓe. Golle kawrital (ACTDAP) ɓeydan semmbe yillondiral yimɓe Burkina fa e njillondiral finatawaaji maɓɓe. Ɗum saaboto jam e ɓantaare ley leydi Burkina.
Deyka taariki
Fulɓe na limtee ley leñi tedduɗi nder Afiriki. Iɓe tawee ƴuude Gine faa e Sudan. Ƴuudi maɓɓe dartinaa-ka gere gooto. Won mbiiɓe kee fulɓe yo Eciyoppi ummii. Woɓɓe mbiyi faro Makka ɓe ƴuuri.
Nder Burkina Faso, nde yimɓe hemre limtaa fu, fulɓe sappo e go’o tawete ley maɓɓe. Ndelle fulɓe ndewti moosinkooɓe e ɗuuɗal.
Ko fulɓe tawranoo Burkina Faso na waɗa duuɓi 600 yaade 700 hikka. Caggal sankitagol laamu Sonrhaï en, hitaande 1591, jonnde fulɓe heɓi semmbe, faa minñi laamorɗe Liptaako, Jelgooji, Barani, Baan, Tiw, Dookuyi…
Laamorɗe fulɓe goɗɗe na njooɗii leyɗe samogooɓe, markaaɓe e moosinkooɓe. Taariki no ɗe puɗɗiri anndaaka sanne. Ko anndaa, fulɓe Burkina Faso ko ɓuri hewde, Maasina, Kunaari maa Hayre ƴuuri.
Genum nde, fulɓe na cenndirenoo golleeji muuɗum en : rimɓe na ɗoon, riimayɓe na ɗoon, wayilɓe, maabuɓe e gargasaaɓe na ɗoon… : Rimɓe : yo arɓe, durooɓe e moodibaaɓe. Riimayɓe : hewɓe maɓɓe ƴuwataana e naatuɓe rimɓe, caggal konu. Wayilɓe, gargasaaɓe e maabuuɓe : ko rimɓe e riimayɓe ngaɗataa fu, yo kamɓe ngaɗata. Mono maɓɓe du fu, e golle muuɗum. Fulɓe na annditiree ceɗooje muuɗum en. Suka fu, seɗoore baaba muuɗum adata. Kamɓe njammbirtee : Dikko, Bari, Ba, Jallo, Ka, Li, Tammbura, Tal, Boli, Bannde, Jannde, Balde, Si, Sidibe, Siise, Diyum, Seydi, So, Sonnde, Jakite, Sal, Ja, Hamma, Diyaw Mbow, Niyane, Bokum, Diyawara, Dem, Diyak, Diya- manka, Mballo, Boyro, Sabali, Diyawo, Kande, Nayete, Bello, Bal, Ngadiyaaga, Sangare, Sankara, Sagari, Lido.
Ndenɗiraagu na woodi hakkunde fulɓe, hono : hakkunde Jaljalluɓe e jelgooɓe, hakkunde Dikko, Sidibe e Bari, hakkunde Jakite e Boli. Fulɓe yo Fulfulde kaalata, de won ɓe fulfulde muuɗum en lalli. Nder Mali, to wi’etee Waasulu to, hewɓe kaalataa fulfulde. Hannde hannde, ko ɓuri heewude e fulɓe, yo alsilaami en. Ɓe ndewataa diinaaji tobbi. ammaa alsilaamagal woɓɓe maɓɓe haɗaay ɓe jokkude finatawaaji goɗɗi, hono rookaade kammu wawtu yooro. Labatu, o tuubaaku ɗemnganke mawɗo, kanko wi’unoo kee pulaaku fulɓe annditiretee. Seeɗa majjum won hulude ɗawre e semteende, heewude muñal, teddeengal, hakkillo e ɓeernde. Pulaaku senndannoo pullo e mo wanaa pullo. Amma hannde, ɗum fu ɗum wattitoke sabu fulɓe ɓe pulaaku lalli na tawee. Faa hannde, woɓɓe na mbi’ee na njogii pulaaku, tawee wanaa fulɓe. Ndelle wanaa rimeede pullo tan hokkata neɗɗo pulaaku. Mo wondaa kaaɗaaku fu, na waawi tawreede pulaaku.
Jawdi ndonaandi finatawa fulɓe
Burkina Faso yo leydi siiji njillondirdï. Yimɓe CNRST/Wagadugu kollii ke siiji (leñi) ko foti cappanɗe jeegom mbuuri Burkina. Taariki burkinaaɓe, piilol nguurndam maɓɓe e jillondiral maɓɓe e yimɓe leyɗe goɗɗe walliriiɓe e jawdi ndonaandi faro finatawa. Yimɓe ɓe heggataa hono remooɓe na joɗdii e egga-hoɗaaɓe (marooɓe). Joɗdagol maɓɓe haɗataa gooto fu heddo-daade finatawa mum. Amma yimɓe Burkina fu na kawti jawdi ndonaandi laatiindi fu. Egga-hoɗaaɓe Burkina (fulɓe, Tuwaregu en, Bellaaɓe) waɗii jawdi ndonaandi mawndi faro haala, taali, balli, jimi… Faro munkaru, mbami… faro weltaare hono dewle, ndenɗiraagu… Faro ñeeñu golle (golle guri, moorngo, pare, ñoongo, neemingol …) Faro sawrugol, ittugol basi, sawrugol e anndal kujje, ka laati banngal baɗɗal pucci… Jawdi ndonaandi ndi fu, na ɓeydo faa hannde. Amma tiiɗormaaji hono ɓuyto jawdi adunaaru e kuuɓol ley duuniyaaru fu (mondiyalisasiyon) na woodi.
Ko ɓuri hewde jawdi ndonaandi egga-hoɗaaɓe yo jawdi wawaandi eggideede. Cuuɗi maɓɓe yo cekke, na hoyi ñiɓude, na hoyi ñartude. Ɗum waɗi ko wi’aa ke egga-hoɗaaɓe heggidan e jawdi muɓɓen fu. Jawdi ndonaandi egga-hoɗaaɓe na ɓuytoo saabe egguuji kewɗi. Ndelle hilnaade ndi e faggaade ndi na tilsi. Hannde warugol gineeji mana (paɗe mana, taasaaje mana, danɗe mana, daage mana…) na lallina gineeji hono cuuɗi cekke, gollitirɗi guri, haabu, leɗɗe…
Mardi e cewli (luusi)
Gollal faggude ngal fulɓe anndiraa yo maral na’i e kujje pamare. Iɓe ndema gawri, mbayeeri, muutiiri e mbammbaari. Maral maɓɓe yo maral eggu-eggu (cewli) sabu wawtu fu, ɓe dilliran to huɗo e ndiyam woodi. Nagge na horsi ley finaatawaa fulɓe. Ley hoggo wuro, nagge na waawi tawa wo hawtaange. Ɗumle soni ronugol warii fu, nge sonnete dey kaalisi magge feccee hakkunde kawtuɓe nge. Durooɓe mbi’i noone nagge na mbaawi holfude ko warata jaango.
Ɓi-pullo fu, yo ñannde lamdu muuɗum baaba muuɗum hokkata ɗum nagge. Ngeen nagge, won puɗɗe jawdi ɓiɗɗo oon. Ley mbirdi ɓiɗɗo oon, o faaminte ke keɓal makko jawdi haɓɓondiraanaa e cellal e jiidagol nagge ngeen. Ko waroyta, baaba ɓiɗɗo oon hollitan ɗum na’i goɗɗi ɗi jeyi. Ndeen, o faaman ke nagge na tilsani o. Gaɗa dewgal makko, o jeytata na’i ɗi o jeyi (hoggo makko feere).
Munkaru fulɓe
Fulɓe e nanndi muɓɓoy eggu-egguuɓe (cewli) fu na tilsini munkaru. Hadde alsilaamagal e semmbe tuubaaku fulɓe Burkina, Mali e Niger na kawti jimi, jimirɗi e jimooɓe piltotooɗe ley gelle tati ɗeen e ley gelle ɗakkiiɗe goɗɗe. Kiirooji ɗi ɓe ngaɗata na kawra e wawtuuji mbeltaaje cewli, kawrite wuro Iaɓiiru dewle, lamndooji kiirooje teddeengal, kiirooje jokolɓe hono gerenaana, jimi e mbami sukaaɓe rewɓe e worɓe seeno-Boobola.
Tinndinooje hokketeeɗe ley jimi na keewi : Mantooji heɓa sukaaɓe hannde yaara yeeso, ɗi durooɓe, pilki, nokkuuje cewli, daabaaji rewɓe e worɓe e nokkuuje njiɗaaɗe. Na woodi du jimi baabiraagu maa njeddondiral. Jimi fulɓe ɗin fu yo kiɗikiɗi sabu ko ɓuri heewde yo jimi ɗi yimɓe fu tawi dey na anndi njimete. Amma jimi njiɗondiral na tawe, Iawɓe du na njamma yimɓe mawɓe ley jimi muɓɓen. Ɓe na kokke buuɗi, kanŋe, na’i… Sereendu, duliyaaru, booboligal, hoddu, jurekellin maa molaaru (jimirɗi faro Mali), wogeeru, horde, faandu, baylol, ceketeeje (jimirgal juulnaaɓe), woodi gineeji gollitirɗi (jimirɗi) fulɓe.
To fulɓe na annda ke maabuuɓe yo jimooɓe mbaawuɓe jimi sanne e gollirde jimirɗi keewɗi. Woɓɓe maɓɓe ɗum tan gollata, amma na woodi gollooɓe golleeji goɗɗi. Ɓe fu, iɓe mbaawi wamude sabu hadaaka. Horde tan rewɓe maɓɓe mbaawi gollirde. Jimi e mbami ɓeen anndira. Ley leyde Burkina, Mali e Niger, eɗen mbaawi limtude jim innde wootereeji hono ɗi : Seygalaare : jinnaaji njimani ngol nagge na wi’e sayyee. Caggal mum, ngol yimanaama Hambodeejo Paate yalla mo kunaari (Mali). Njaru : aranel fu, ngol yimanataakena jinaaru ndiyam remru, dey ngol sakiti ngol yimana Buubu-arɗo galo mo Neene (Mali). Ndodo : yo neɗɗo jelgooji Burkina wi’eteeɗo Haamidu Haman Kulle Musa, ngol yimanaa ma Demba Sidiiki mo Banh. Bawdi : Damonzon Diarra mo Segu jimi ngol dey hokkiti ngol fulɓe fu. Durgama : yo Mammadu nduuldi Bulkaasum Ƴuuroo Booni (Mali) yimi ngol. Biidi koole : jimol maabuuɓe Banh (Burkina). Garbaare : woɓɓe wi’ayna ke ngol yiimanaakana Garba Mana kaananke Bambanraaɓe. Wiire : maabuuɓe yimani koye muɓɓen. Ewli : jawamɓe njimi ngol Jimi fulɓe na keewi, na woodi, na hebbini nafaa. Hono ni : sereendu na sawra ñabbi goɗɗi. Kakkilee wooɗa, sabu jimi mbami e jimirɗi fulɓe ɗi finatawaaji hono Gerenaana, Boobolial e Baylol,. Puɗɗii lallugol (mutugol).
Ñeeñu banngal baɗɗal pucci
Puccu na tilsi sanne ley nguurndam fulɓe. Puccu wooduno mbaɗɗu fulɓe wawtu konuuji. Tiigaade puccu na tiiɗi sabu go’o ka ɗum na holla jawdi e ndimaaku, gaɗa ɗum du jogola lebbo e jogoowo lobbo na tilsi. Puccu ñamatana gawri. Ɗum na saabi jeytondiral maa kawtal hakkunde fulɓe e ndemooɓe. Ɓuruɓe jawdi e semmbe tawdeteno pucci. Wanaa fantifujo waawani pucci. Ñeeñu waɗɗaade ɗi, durude ɗim e waɗude ɗi ko neɗɗo haaja fu woodannaana fulɓe konooɓe ɓuruɗe waawude mbaɗɗu. Fay hannde katin ley pijirdeeji e mbeltaaje, ɓiɓɓe kanankooɓe na heddi na holla anndal e waawugol muɓɓen pucci. Ɗum na holla ke ɓe na heddodi e yiɗde pucci.
Ñeeñu moorɗi (moorli)
Fulɓe rewɓe na annditire moorɗi muɓɓoy. Ñeeñu moorɗi na woodi semmbe to fulɓe. Ley moorli maɓɓe eɗen mbaawi limtude : – yubaade moorɗi fulɓe rewɓe fu yo e yubaade ƴuwata. Moorgo yubaade na nanndita e ƴonngo (hooƴolde) ngaari maadu e laacol ndontoori. Kewɓe soni mooroke yubaade fu, yo kaɓɓan gaarawol nguru seŋaaŋol tankaaje, tammaaje, keede daneeje, allubanaaje, tonke e dube. Yubaade faro hoƴƴudu waɗante diggol hono laacol puccu.
– Gabida : moorgo gabida na nanndita yubaade. Diggi tati waɗete : diggol ñaamo, diggol nano, diggol hakkunde yuwde tiinde faa hoƴƴudu. Ngol du timmitana hono laacol puccu.
– Yimbi-yamba : yo moorgo yubaade ɓeyda moorɗi cewɗi jipporiiɗi faro to noppi.
– Dakka-fecca : yo moorɗi jipporiiɗi faro to tiinde e to noppi. Moorɗi keddii fu yaaree caggal.
– Seleti yubaade moorete ko moorli cewɗi ɗiɗi jippiniree faro to boke.
– Moorli cewɗi goɗɗi yaaree caggal. Seleeti na waawi feɗneede allubanaaje.
– Darel-arel : yo yubaade ɓeyda diggi ɗiɗi feɗaaɗi colle e allubaanaaji.
Diggi ɗiin jipporoo faro to boke.
– Pesen-pesen : yo moorli cewɗi kawruɗi na cekondiri ɗiɗi ɗiɗi hakkunde hoore.
Ñeeñu kolte
Hannde hannde, kolte kaddule yo ko tilsani ɓi aadama fu. Eɗe ɗowta ɗum ley nguurdam mum yuwde yarugol muuɗun adunaaru faa yaha yawtagol mum. Kolte kaddule nannata ɗum hakkunde, kañje faa hannde holla ko neɗɗo jehaa e ko woni.
Siiji egga-hoɗaaɓe dagu fulɓe ɓantii ñeeñu kolte kaddule nguru, Ieeɓi baali, haabo na holla semmbe majje e sifaaji kewɗi. Ngoonga, fulɓe heɓii ñeeñude illumaaji banne golle guri, iɓe waɗira ɗi saayaaji hono pantalooji, kilottiiji e jileeji. Ley ɓaleeri (Afiriki sib sahareyen) fulɓe na limtee ley waawuɓe lobbum mottugol len e haabooji. Banngal majjum dewte mbinndaaɗe na gollita ke yo maabuuɓe gollata ɗen golle. Rita ROLLAND, ley dewtere mum Telem tewtiles (K.I.T Amsterdam, 1991) wi’i ko gilla seekel sappo e go’aɓo gaɗa lisaa (Jésus Christ), Fulɓe na gollanoo ndemri haabu e mottugol leppi haabu e Ieeɓi baali e ngeelooɗi.
Farooji kuɓeeje moosinkooɓe e kuɓeeje Burkina goɗɗe, Fulɓe wallii sanne anndal mottugol. Ngoongu, wakati keeɗu, fulɓe mottooɓe njiltoto ley kuɓeeje ko na motta ko na njoɓee.
Fulɓe, wanngarɓe e julaaɓe waddi ñodi kesi, e ko ɓuri fu tuppinngol saayaaji. Ɗum fu yo to Iaarabuuɓe ɓe adi. Cañi arani fulɓe yo leppi haabo pamari ɗi njaajeefi arani sm 15 yaha 20. Ɗin kawrondinte ko ñowte pantalo kilotti e forokiya (dollokeji).
Hannde hannde, cañi fulɓe yo cuddaamaje ɗe nooneeji kewɗi takketeeɗe faa ñañiniree cuuɗi.
Naatugol gude tuubaaku hono baajen ley leyɗe saabanoken fulɓe ɓornagol dollokeeji gude ɗen wawtu mbeltaaje. Eɗe kawti jo’o ley jawdi ndonaandi fulɓe.
Haamiidu Jallo,
Taarikinke Jiyloowo kuftodinɗo duttorɗe Ngenndiyankooje Burkina
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