Caggal daartol Misra, eɗen uddita ɗoo damal daartol Afrik hirnaange, hono nokku bannge hirnaange Afrik keedɗo worgo Saharaa, hakkunde sorfundu Gine e Maayo Senegaal, leyɗe takko maayo Niiseer haa e leyɗe lowlowi Saahel.
E nder ndee lowre nde njuuti-ɗen e ndeeɗoo tonngoode, maa en njiy heen : Koɗki nokku oo, ngonka makko gila teeminannde VIII (jeetati) ko adii Iisaa haa teeminannde VIII caggal Iisaa (maa en njiy heen Laamaandi Wagadu (Ganaa), Laamaandi Mali, Laamaandi Sonngaay), Njangu Gaawoo, kalifaandi tuubakooɓe e dartagol njiimaandi koloñaal, yonta koloñaal (ngonka nokku oo hakkunde golwole winndereeje ɗiɗi ɗee e caggal mum) e ko wonaa ɗuum tan.
Ko nii lowre wikipedia siforii nokku oo : “Afrik hirnaange woni mbalndi laamuuji Ganaa deggondirɗi, haa arti e laamaandi Mali e Laamaandi Sonngaay. Ko nokku leƴƴi keewɗi, jiiduɗe ndonaandi, ɗi daartol mum en naatnaatondiri, yeru mum maantinɗo ko aada Denɗiraagal hakkunde leƴƴi e renndooji Afrik hirnaange. Laamu njiimnongu nokku oo tuuginoo ko njulaagu ummoraade saharaa e doɓtugol kaŋŋe e lamɗam. Ko ɗum tagi nde njulaagu faatunoo maayo tan ngu natti jogaade doole. Caggal wolde Tondibi (Mali) laamaandi ndii feccii e laamuyon laamuyon. Koloñaal orop e amerik kala njiimii e Afrik hirnaange e maayirɗe teeminannde 19ɓiire haa feccere adannde teeminannde 20siire. Ko ɗum addani pinal nokku oo yejjiteede e oo mudda, hay so tawii noon jiytugol binndaaɗe Tummbuktu ina yaakoraa maa wallit ubbitde pinal ngal e faamde ngal.”
Hannde, Afrik hirnaange ina waɗi leƴƴi keewɗi. O woni ko e etaade rentitde to bannge politik, rewrude e dente baaɗe no Cedeao, sibu leyɗeele nokku oo fof njiidi pinal, ngaal pinal mahingal e nder duuɓi ujunaaje keewɗe. E tuugnaade e ɓetooji FMI (Booñ Winndereejo Kaalis) dental ngal woni 25ɓal to bannge faayiida faggudu e nder winndere ndee. Ɗo idan ɗoo CEDEAO sosiranoo ko ngam wootiɗinde faggudu e kaalis leyɗe jeyaaɗe heen ɗee, kono, e hitaande 1990, “ballitgol deeƴre e nokku hee” ɓeydaama e paandaale dental ngal (hawrii kisa e darnde mayre to Gammbi). Nii woni koyngal konu biyeteengal ECOMOG sosaa, ngam artirde deeƴre walla reftinde laawol kala ɗo ngol ɗeɓi seleede e nokku hee. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, ɗuum suwaa tawo laataade no yiɗiraa nii, sibu won ɗeen jiiɓooje kewnooɗe to Gine (2009) e Koddiwaar (2010), ko jiidaa e golle goomuuji ownooji ɓurɗi heewde tanaa e deeƴre e diiwaan oo : 2012 ɗi keɓtii rewo Mali, haa Farayse naati heen sabu CEDEAO ronkude waɗde huunde; ko jiidaa e baɗe Boko haraam e Ansaaru to Niiseriyaa boomɗe yimɓe heewɓe…
Hade garal tuubakooɓe, nokku oo anndiranoo tan ko inɗe mum gaadoraaɗe : Wagadu e yonta laamaandi Ganaa, walla Manden (Mali) e yonta laamaandi Mali walla Sonngaay e laamaandi sonngaay en. Ko ɗii laamuuji tan njogodinoo e boowal jokkondire. Helmere Afrik ndee idii tawo ko joopaade leyɗe Afrik rewo (aarabeeɓe e berbeer en), worgo oo lollirnoo e oon sahaa ko Ecopi. Ko caggal yonta biyeteeɗo « Renaissance (Ummital) » tuubakooɓe mbaɗti innirde duunde ndee fof Afrik, caggal ɗuum, e yonta njiimaandi, tuubakooɓe Farayse mbaɗti innirde nokku oo Afrik hirnaange farayseejo (AOF) woni leyɗeele ɗe ɓe keɓti e hirnaange duunde ndee ; Tuubakooɓe engele en inniri leyɗe keɓti e oon nokku Afrik hirnaange biritanniijo (British West Africa). Ina hasii noon, so wiyaama Ouest-africain (Hirnaange-Afrik) faanditaa heen ko nokku CEDEAO woni jooni oo.
Afrik hirnaange ina alɗi to bannge pinal e lelngo leydi. O ɓilii ko hakkunde geec atalantik bannge hirnaange e bannge worgo e Saharaa bannge rewo e hedde jurol 10ɓol bannge fuɗnaange. Maayo Niiseer ine heewi jaggireede no keerol makko bannge rewo. Keerol fuɗnaange ngol noon laaɓtiraani noon sibu won heen mbiyi ngol takkii ko Benuwee (gootol e calti Niiseer), woɗɓe mbiyi ngol ummii ko haayre Kamaruun haa weendu Caad. Dowlaaji CEDEAO innitortoo ko hirnaange Afrik. Ko heen Njuɓɓudi Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hiisii Muritani. Kono Muritani yaltii CEDEAO gila hitaande 2 000, jeytaa ko e Dental Magreb Aarabeejo e Fedde Haɓɓere Aarabeeɓe.
E tuugnaade e firo Fedde ngenndiije dentuɗe, ko ɗee ngoni leyɗe Afrik hirnaange :
Innde leydi njaajeendi mum km2 Keeweendi yimɓe mum Laamorgo
Beniŋ (fr) 114 763 9 352 000 Porto Nowo
Burkina Faso (fr) 272 967 17 482 000 Wagadugu
Kap weer (pt) 4 033 505 000 Prayaa
Koddiwaar (fr) 322 463 20 595 000 Yaamusokoro
Gammbi (en) 11 295 1 825 000 Bañnjul
Ganaa (en) 238 533 25 546 000 Accra
Gine (fr) 245 857 10 481 000 Konaakiri
Gine bisaawo (pt) 36 125 1 580 000 Bisaawo
Liberiyaa (en) 111 369 4 245 000 Monrowiyaa
Mali (fr) 1 241 238 16 319 000 Bamako
Muritani (fr) 1 025 520 3 623 000 Nuwaasoot
Niiseer (fr) 1 267 000 16 644 000 Niamey
Niiseriyaa (en) 923 768 166 629 000 Abujaa
Senegaal (fr) 196 722 13 108 000 Ndakaaru
Siyeraa Leyon (en) 71 740 6 126 000 Freetown
Togo (fr) 56 785 6 283 000 Lome
Fof 6 140 178 320 347 000
Lelndi e ɓetngo leydi
Wertallo Afrik hirnaange ko 6 140 000 km2, woni hedde joyaɓal (1/5) duunde Afrik ndee. Ko ɓuri heewde e wertallo ngoo ko kolaaɗe ɗe tooweendi mum en yettaaki 300 meeteer. Kaaƴe toowɗe keewɗe ina carii e fonngo worgo ngoo. Bannge rewo oo ko Saahal, woni nokku gonɗo hakkunde ko yoori e ko leppi seeɗa, hakkunde jeereende Saharaa e Afrik hakkunde ŋori. Saahal ko lefol ngol njuuteendi 160 haa 240 kiloomeeteer njaajeendi.
Haayre Nimmba wonnde e lowilowi Koddiwaar e Gine ɓuri toowde e Afrik hirnaange fof sibu tooweendi mayre ko 1 752 m. Huurnde tago (réserve naturelle intégrale) haayre Nimmba ina hiisee gila 1981 ko huurnde biyosfeer (biosphère : nokku ɗo nguurndam ƴellitii) tee jeyaa ko ngaluuji winndereeji UNESCO.
Tesko : Wolde Tondibi waɗi ko ñalnde 12 marse 1591. Ko wolde teeŋtunde e Daartol Afrik hirnaange ko adii koloñaal. Haɓatnoo ɗoon ko konu laamaandi sonngaay e laamaandi Maruk. Ardinoo oon sahaa laamu sonngaay en ko laamɓe wiyeteeɓe Askiyaa en njooɗotonooɓe to Gaawo. Ardinoo kunu maɓɓe ko askiyaa Ishak II. Ardinoo konu Maruk ko Judeer Pasaa. Laaminoo Maruk e oon sahaa ko Ahmed IV el-Mansuur. E ndeen wolde konu Maruk addii fotde 10 000 koninke e kanooji keewɗi. Konu Mali kam ne addii fotde 21 000 koninke e 1 000 nagge. Maruk fooli e ndeen wolde sabu kanooji mum. Kono fusi tigi rigi laamu Mali nguu ko luure nderndere. Ko gila ndeen Sudaan wonti laamuyon laamuyon. Ko ndeen kadi lislaam fuɗɗii naatde nokku maayo Niiseer oo.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Ƴoogirde : wikipédia
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