Senegaal: Leñam-leñamaagu e Heedi-heeda he nder Dawrugol
Le Vote Ethnique walla Neɗɗo ko Banndum ko konnguɗi lolluɗi he Senegaal gila Makki Sal fiilaa lefol hooreejo leydi ndi. Dawriyankooɓe heewɓe ceeraani he naatnude he nder hakkillaaji Senegaalnaaɓe wonnde Fulɓe teeŋti e Fuutankooɓe jinnganirta Makki Sal ko sabu enɗam makko e maɓɓe, sabu makko wonde Pullo. Caggal suɓngooji 31 Morso, jawtuɗi ɗii, lundiyankooɓe Yewwi Askan Wi, njaltinii tintinoore ngam wiyde suɓngooji ɗii ndewaani laawol he nder falnde Podoor, Maatam, Kanel e Raneeru, waɗde he nder Fuuta fof.
Fuutankooɓe heewɓe ene njaggi oon tuuma ko yawaare e leñam-leñamaagu addi ɗum. Kono mbele won he ɗum fof ko goongɗi?
Gila 1976 nde laamu Senegaal udditi laawol waawde sosde lannda dawrugol fayde hannde, maa ɓur teemedde tati lannda nana he nder Senegaal. Kono wonaa lanndaaji ɗii kala njogii yimɓe jinnganooɓe ɗum en. Ɗal boom, hay lannda gooto waawaa dañde, kanum tan, e yimɓe ko yoni haa addana ɗum waawde heɓde laamu. Ko ɗuum waɗi he duuɓi jawtuɗi ɗii, en njiyii, ko lanndaaji keewɗi njantondirta ngam waɗdude haɓɓere wootere, ngona dental lanndaaji (coalition des partis) ndenndina jinnganooɓe mum en, ngam mbele ene ndaña keewal. He ɗii suɓngooji, ko dental lanndaaji tati ɓuri heen teskinde, woni lannda laamiiɓe o, Benno Bokka Yakaar, Yewwi Askan Wi mo Usmaan Sonko e Wallu mo hooreejo leydi kiiɗɗo o Abdullay Wadda. Ko teskini he ɗiiɗoo lanndaaji (walla dental lanndaaji) tati, ko gooto heen kala jinnganooɓe ɗum ɓurɓe yiytinaade ɓee, maa wonii ko ɓe joom mum jiydi ɗemngal walla laawol (ɗariika) walla ɓe jeydaa falnde. Te ɗuum ko huunde reeneteende he nder leydi, nde tawnoo ene waawi addude cargu he ɓiyɓe leydi. So alla noon, alaa leydi fof kadi daɗndi he ɗuum ɗoon, nde tawnoo ko neɗɗo winndorii hono noon. Ko loowdi neɗɗo wonde jinngoowo. Hay leyɗeele jiyduɓe ɗemngal gootal, leñol gootol ene ceerta he jiyanɗe mum en nguurndam walla diineeji mum en. Neɗɗo ko joom hakkille baawɗo ñaawde hol ko woni moƴƴere e holko woni bonannde, kono kadi ko o joom co’anɗe e yiddeeji ɗi heen sahaaji ene udda hakkille makko kaɗa mo miijtaade. Ko ɗuum waɗi dawriyankooɓe ko oon bannge ɓuri waawde ardude yimɓe haa keɓa ɗum en. Nde tawnoo yimɓe hayso tawii ko ndenndi koo ɓuri heewde ne, ko ko ɓe ceerti koo ɓe ɓuri yaawde teskaade.
Hoomtirde Yimɓe ko Njiɗi
He dawrugol, huunde fof ene yaha. Fodande yimɓe ko waawaa laataade sabu anndude ko ɗuum woni yiɗde joom mum en, mbele maa ɓe cuɓo-ma walla njinngana lannda-ma, kono tawa so a heɓii a waɗataa ko mbiynoɗa walla he nder sappo fof mbaɗaata heen ko gootel ; jeykinaade he renndo ko wayno pelle liggotooɓe (syndicat), pelle rewɓe (mouvement feminist) walla nii pelle diine, hono no Donald Trump ɓattikininoroo pelle diineyankooje Amerik (Evangilicals) ni, hayso tawii nguurndam makko fof alaa nde jikkuuji makko walla baɗe makko kolliri wonnde diine ene tiiɗi-mo, kono omo anndi koɓe yimɓe tiiɗaaɓe koɓe ngoni koo, haa ɓuri teeŋtude he piɓle maɓɓe e jiyanɗe maɓɓe nguurndam ɗe oon diine fidiɓe. Jiyanɗe maɓɓe nguurndam ɗee eɓe njiɗi tabitinde ɗum he nder renndo maɓɓe, renndo Ameriknaaɓe. Kala dawriyanke kadi kollirɗo ene yiytoo hoore mum he yiɗde maɓɓe ndee e jiyanɗe maɓɓe diine ɗee, eɓe kebblii wallude ɗum gila he ngalu haa e jinngande ɗum ñalnde suɓngooji ndawi. Ɗeen co’anɗe (sentiments) ko geɗe ɗe dawriyankooɓe keewi huwtoraade ngam hoomtude won e tanndalle rewrude he ko joom mum en ngaskitintoo.
Abdullay Wadda e Jinngol Muriteeɓe
Ko adii Donald Trump, he nder dawrugol Senegaal, ko Abdullay Wadda anndinaranoo ɓattikinaade e jidikinaade fedde diineyankoore, woni anndiraaɓe Murid en he nder Senegaal. Ko goonga laamuuji Senegaal ɓooyi rokkude galleeji seernaɓe sufiyankooɓe mawɗi ɗii geɗal, gila he Senngoor haa yettii Abdu Juuf, gooto heen kala ene ittannooɓe geɗal. Kono e sahaaji ɓeen, hay gooto e mum en meeɗaani hollirde koy oo galle jeyaa walla koy he ɓee yowiti, galleeji ɗii kala ene kurmanoo ko aldaa e paltoor.
Abdullay Wadda ɓooyi dillude he dawrugol Senegaal, gila ko o suka, ko o sanɗa omo jannga, tawi nii Senegaal heɓaani jeytaare mum ndimaagu dawrugol. Kadi caggal nde Senegaal heɓi jeytaare mum, o ɓooyii haɓeede he nder lanndaaji lunndo, kono he ngaan saanga, haysinno ko o Murid o wonno ne, ɗuum ɓuraano feeñde e makko, kadi kamɓe ne ɓe pooɗtikinaaki-mo. So tawii ko alla noon, ene wiyee gila omo yiyloo laamu omo ɓattikinooɓe. Mbele ko goomɗinde (sabu o wiy ko o faranmason o wonnoo) walla ko yiɗnoode humtude haaju makko he maɓɓe tan wonno? Alaa ko mbaawɗe heen tabitinde. Kono sabu makko wonde dawriyanke ƴoƴtanɗo dawrugol e peeje e hodooji mum, omo anndunoo dawriyanke waawaa tonaade (gañaade) so wonaa tawa ene jogii ƴaañorgal (base). Sabu ko geɗe ɗiɗi gaddanta dawriyanke suusde sippireede e fooɗondireede laamu, ɗuum woni yimɓe jinnganooɓe e ngalu. Ɗee ɗoo geɗe ɗiɗi fof noon Abdullay Wadda ene anndi nana Tuubaa, so o waawii jaɓnudeɓe ko he maɓɓe o jeyaa, o waawii honde ɓerɗe maɓɓe, o mo felliti ɗuum ene waawi wallude-mo. Sabu ko ɓe dental keewngal, mahondirngal, kadi e ɓe njogii ngalu, te eɓe njogii pellital waɗde ngaluuji maɓɓe he kala ko ene ɓamta martabaaji maɓɓe. Won wiyɓe nde o foonɗondirtee laamu ndee ko kamɓe ñamlimo milyaar ko o waɗiri kampaañ. Ene teskaa nde o ari e laamu ndee o suuɗaaki, o mogginaaki; o hollirii he baɗe e haalaluuji makko ko he maɓɓe o jeyaa kadi ko kamɓe tan tiiɗimo he leyde he. O ɓeydii hurum maɓɓe e teddungal maɓɓe he nder leydi he, kadi o naftiriiɓe ngalu leydi ndi. Kono mbele ɗuum fof ko jeyeede e jinngande wonnoo walla ko yiɗnoode soodde jinngol maɓɓe tan wonno? Sabu en njiyii Abdullay Wadda wona tan ene yiɗnoo laamaade Senegaal haa nde natti waawde fof, kono kadi omo yiɗnoo so o yahii ɓiy makko, Karim Maysa Wadda, lomtoomo. Ndeke noon omo yiɗnoo jinngol Murid en ɓee ngol jokka haa yettoo ɓiy makko o.
Makki Sal e Fuutankooɓe walla Fulɓe Senegaal
E mbeñdi pelle ɗe kaalɗen dowɗee, ko wayno pelle diine walla pelle fecciram-golle en, fulɓe kanum en ngonaa fedde ko leñol, kadi leñol mawngol, jaajngol he nder leydi Senegaal. Seertuɓe jiyanɗe, ɗal boom, heen sahaaji seertuɓe hay intereeji. Eɓe tawee he pelle fecciram-golleeji ceertuɗe e pelle diineyankooje (ɗariikaaji) ceertuɗi kam e lanndaaji dawrugol ceertuɗi. Nde tawnoo ko leñol way noon, so yimɓe keewi tan alaysago (alaa-e-sago) wooɗa ɗo ceerti payndaale. Ngool ceertugol fof noon haɗaani Fulɓe Senegaalnaaɓe fof ene njiytoo he ndaarorgal gootal, ngaal woni pulaagu maɓɓe, e ɗemngal maɓɓe Pulaar. Ko ɗuum waɗi nde Makki Sal fuɗɗii ƴellitaade he dawrugol Senegaal e jogeede yaakaare wonnde so o wallaama omo waawi heɓde lefol laamu ngu, ko ɓuri heewde e Fulɓe Senegaal ndewi caggal makko, njinngani-mo. Hayso tawii hay leñol gootol, dental gootal, fedde wootere (diine walla fecciram-golle) walla nii boom lannda dawrugol gooto, waawa kanum tan lamminde neɗɗo he nder Senegaal ne, ballal Fulɓe ene teeŋti he ko walli Makki Sal laamaade. He ɗii ɗoo suɓngooji (31 Morso, 2022) kadi Fulɓe Senegaalnaaɓe kala, haa teeŋti e Fuutankooɓe, tabitinii jinngangol mum en e Makki Sal, sabu ene wayno kala ɗo lannda makko hawi he leydi ndi, ko ɗo Fulɓe ɓuri heewde so wonaa saalum e Siin to o jibinaa kadi o nehii to.
Usmaan Sonko e Kaasamaasanaaɓe
Usmaan Sonko jibinaa ko he wuro Cees (Thies) kono o mawni, eno wiyraa, ko to wuro Sebikotaan. Baaba makko iwdi mum ko Kaasamansa, neene makko, Khady Ngome ko Bawolnaajo so en tuugniima he lowre PASTEF. Sikka alaa, Usmaan Sonko ene ruttotonoo to iwdi jibnaaɗo mum woni diiwal Kasamaasa. Wiyaama nii ko toon o heɓi seedamfaagu makko BAC (baccalauréat) he 1993, ko ndeen o yahai Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Gaston Berger mo Ndar. Kono lollugol Usmaan Sonko wonaa he nder Kaasamaasa fuɗɗii, kadi woona toon o naatiri dawrugol.
Usmaan Sonko fuɗɗii anndeede he nder dingiral dawrugal Senegaal ko he 2014, caggal nde o sosi lannda makko Pastef, he 2017 o suɓaa sarɗiyanke he araaray Ndawi Askan Wi. He puɗɗorɗe, rokkunoo Usmaan Sonko jinngooɓe ko ñiŋooje makko he laamu Senegaal, gila he jooɗiingu nguu, haa e laamuuji jawtuɗi. Omo takkatnooɓe saawde ngaluuji leydi ndii kala he nder sasaaji maɓɓe ɓe mofa, tawa ɓiyɓe leydi ndii ene lummboo he basal e caɗelee teeŋti he sukaaɓe ɓe laamuuji ɗii mbaɗaani hayhuunde ngam heblande janngo mum en. “Hol no gollonoowo laamu waawi dañirde miliyaaruuji so wonaa tawa ko he nguyaka?” Usmaan Sonko laaɓndii he sawtowol jeddoowo. Omo ñiŋatnoo kadi jokkondiral hakkunde leydi Senegaal e leydi Farayse, ndi he jiyanɗe makko, kuwtondiral hakkunde mum e leyɗeele Afrik wonaani ko wonaa wadde ɗum en kuwtorgal e siiɓaade ngaluuji mum en. Ene jeyanoo he podooje makko, wonnde so o laamiima ko o jaltinoowo Senegaal he leyɗeele ñaamooje CFA. Sabu e yiyannde makko ɗoon ɗo Afrik ene huwtoroo cfa faggudu mum waawaa ɓamtaade.
Ɗiiɗoo diskuraaji populist, ngaddaani sukaaɓe e ɗanniyankooɓe nootitaade he makko, yanti heen kadi e keewgol makko huwtoraade mejaaji renndo (reseau sociaux ) ngol ene newnanimo waawde jokkondirde he ɗeeɗoo tanndalle he ɓiyɓe leydi ndii. He 2017 o yaltini deftere makko adannde nde tiitoonde mum woni “Petrol et Gaz au Sénégal”. Nde omo biskita heen no kontaraaji petrol e gas Senegaal ɗii tottiraa ni e waasde ɗum en fawaade he laawol. He 2018 kadi o yaltini wonnde ene wiyee: “Solution”.
Ko he suɓngooji hooreejo leydi 2019 Usmaan Sonko dañi tiiɗtinde plaas mum he nder dingaral dawrugol Senegaal, caggal nde o ari 3ɓo he nder ɗiin suɓngooji caggal Makki Sal e Idrisa Sek. Ko he ɗiin suɓngooji kadi koreeji makko Kaasamaasanaaɓe pelliti yantude he makko he keewal. Haa ɓuri teeŋtude e bannge Les-Kaasamaasa (Basse-Casamance) woni falnde Bignona, Oussouye e Ziguinchor to joolaaɓe ɓee njeyaa to. He ɗiin suɓngooji o dañii 57, 25 % toɓɓere, Makki kanum dañi tan ko 38,72% hayso tawii Abdullay Balde gonnooɗo Meer Sigaacoor (Ziguinchor) kadi dawriyanke ɓurnooɗo lollude he diiwaal ngal, eggiino PDS ari tawti Makki Sall he ɗiin suɓngooji. Gila ndeen eɗen nganndi, Kaasamaasa ko he juuɗe Usmaan Sonko woni. So Makki Sal ene wiya Fuuta ko ngesa mum pannduba, Usmaan Sonko ne ene waawi wiyde Kaasamaasa (Basse-Casamance) ko jey mum, alaa mo foonɗondirta.
Mbele Ɗuum Firti Senegaal Suɓngooji Pawatoo tan hankadi ko He Enɗam?
So neɗɗo ƴeewrii nii suɓngooji he leydi Senegaal, ene weeɓa ko hakkille oon tigi naayortoo he wonnde dawrugol Senegaal woni ko he feeraade laawol ngootaagu ngenndi ene huccani leñam-leñaagu. Sikke alaa, en nanii ɗuum ko heewi he ɗii subngooji. Yimɓe heewɓe ñiŋirii Fuutaankooɓe wonde leñam-leñaaɓe sabu ƴettude daaɗe maɓɓe fof ɓe totti Makki Sal. Kono ndeen yiyannde wonaa goongɗunde. Hayso tawii keeweendi he Fulɓe Senegaal kolliriino mettere mum en he jaggeede Mamadu Jah he 1962 ne, haɗaani duuɓi deftuɗi heen ɗii Fuuta fof ko Senngoor hokkatnoo daaɗe mum en he kala suɓngo.
Ko Abdullay Wadda woni he lunndo koo fof, Murid en jinnganatnoo tan ko lannda laamiɗo o. Konngol “Ndingal” ko lollungol, woni yamiroore mawɗo Muriteeɓe wonnde yoo jinngan Abdu Juuf he kala suɓngo, hayso tawii ɗo sakketɗoo heewɓe e maɓɓe nattiino tonngaade he ndeen yamiroore. Ɗal boom, Murid en jogiiɓe lanndaaji dawrugol ene keewi, kono addanaani ɗum en waawde dañde hay gootel he nder teemedere (1.%) he suɓngooji ngenndiyeeji. Ene jeyaa he ɓeen gooto e taaniraaɓe Seekh Ahmadu Bammba, woni Seriñ Moodu Kara Mbakke, kono kadi almuuɓe heewɓe feeñiniiɓe he almudaagal mum en, ko wayno Seek Bamba Jeey, Ibraahiim Faal, walla meteer Usmaan Ngom. Wonaa Idriisa Sek yeddata ɗum, sabu o wiyno o woppii laawol Tijjaani (so tawii kay o meeɗiino wonde heen) o jebbiliima he laawol Murid, kono ɗuum jibinani-mo nii ko ustaare.
Makki Sal, eɗen nganndi, wonaa kanum tan woni Pullo he nder Senegaal gardiiɗo lannda dawrugol. Ko adiimo Jibo leyti Kah, Abdurahiim Añ e Umar Kaasum Jah en fof cosiino lanndaaji mum en dawrugol, kono so wonaa Jibo leyti Kah, heddiiɓe ɓee alaa e mum en fof dañɗo jinngol Fulɓe. Haa jooni ne kadi Fulɓe heewɓe ene njogii lanndaaji, ko wayno Seek Tijjaani Gaajo, Mammadu Dem mo Kisal Senegaal, mo ngannduɗaa ko lannda mum tan gooto jogii innde Pulaar he nder lanndaaji Senegaal fof, walla Aysata Taal-Sal en, kono kamɓe fof ɓe tawtoy Makki sabu hay gooto e maɓɓe nootaaka ko ene addana ɗum sirŋinoraade bannge mum.
Hay he ɗiiɗoo suɓngooji, eɗen nganndi, lannda AAR Senegaal, hooreeɓe mum Ceerno Alassan Sal, Juge Ibraahiima Haamiidu Dem e kalfinaaɗo konngol lannda o, Ceerno Bookum fof ko Fulɓe, kono en njiyii no toɓɓe maɓɓe poti he ɗiiɗoo suɓngooji. Ndeke jiydaaɓe enɗam, ko ɗam waawi wonde fof, foti ko enɗam ɗemngal, diine walla jiideede diiwaan, joom mum en ndewirta e banndum en tan ko yiyde ko heddi he leydi ndii koo ene ndokki ɗum hoore. Ko adii Usmaan Sonko, joolaaɓe ndañiino Robert Sagna, gonnooɗo Meer Sigaacoor gila 1978 haa 2000, kono nde bempeƴƴe PDS ngari deggin-mo pawiɗoon Pullo, Abdullay Balde, hayso ko ɓiy Kaasamaasa ne, so joolaaɓe jantaano he mum waawaano ardaade Sigaacoor.
So goonga hayso Pullo ene jogori lomtaade he japperee ngardiigu leydi Senegaal ne, alaa e sago ko maa Senegaalnaaɓe heddiiɓe ɓee ndokka ɗum hoore, so wonaa ɗuum hay Fulɓe njinngantaa mo. Wadde eɗen mbaawi wiyde hay kulol leñam-leñamaagu ko koomte dawriyankooɓe tan ngam saasnude jinngooɓe mum en e ɓeydaade hirjinde ɗum en yaltude he keewal so suɓngooji ndawii.
SENEGAAL: SUƁNGOOJI SARƊIYANKOOƁE BATIRDU NGENNDI NJEEÑCUDI NDII ANNDAAMA.
Senegaal, caggal lewbi keewɗi iiñcuri, gulaali e seppooji, Senegaalnaaɓe cuɓiima sarɗiyankooɓe jogorɓe jooɗonoyaade ɗum en to Suudu Batirdu Ngenndi ñalnde Dewo 31, Morso 2022. Tuggude gila ndeen ñalnde kadi jeddi, e kappitaali hakkunde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii ene heewi. Bannge heen kala wiyi ko kañum hawi. Kono hanki Goomu Ngenndiijo (Commision Nationale) kalfinaaɗo suɓngooji o yaltinii resiltaaji paɗndorɗi, ko adii nde Goomu Ñaawooɓe Toowɓe o (Conseil constitutionnel) rokkirde yiyannde mum battindiire... [Jokku Taro]
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