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Question: Poet Imagines Life Inside A 1910 Institution That Eugenics Built

Growing up in southwestern Virginia in recent decades, poet Molly McCully Brown often passed by a state institution in Amherst County that was once known as the "Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded."
Since 1983 the facility, which was founded in 1910, has been called the Central Virginia Training Center, and it is now a residential home for people with various intellectual disabilities. But in the early 20th century, the place Brown now refers to as "the colony" was part of the eugenics movement taking hold in the U.S., and a variety of treatments now considered inhumane were practiced there — including forced sterilization. Brown, who has cerebral palsy, notes that had she been born in an earlier era, she might have been sent to live at the institution herself.
"It is impossible to know that for sure," she says. "I can look at my life and look at my family and look at my parents and think, No, never. That never would have happened. But I also understand that if I had been born 50 years earlier, the climate was very different."
She hopes to give voice to those early generations of residents, in her book of poetry, The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded.
For Brown, the themes of disability and poetry have been constant throughout her life: "In my life, there has always been my body in some state of falling apart or disrepair or attempting to be fixed, and there has always been poetry. And I couldn't untwine those things if I tried."
Interview Highlights
On seeing the buildings and grounds of the old facility
It was incredibly moving and incredibly powerful. The place is interesting because it is still an operational facility for adults with really serious disabilities, although it is in the process of closing. But like a lot of things in Virginia, it was initially built on an enormous amount of land. And, so, a really interesting thing happened, which is that as the buildings that were originally part of the colony fell into disrepair, they were largely just moved out of — and new buildings were built on accompanying land, but those original buildings were not necessarily torn down. So the place itself is this really strange combination of functioning facility and ghost town of everything that it has been. I've never been in a place that felt more acutely haunted in my life.
On how some people assume her physical disability means she also has an intellectual disability
We do have a strange tendency in this country to equate any kind of disability with less intellectual capability and with even a less complete humanity. Certainly as a child and as a teenager — and even now as an adult — [I] encountered people who assumed that just because I used a wheelchair, maybe I couldn't even speak to them. I often get questions directed at people I'm with, as opposed to me, and that's a really interesting phenomenon.
On the connection between poetry and theology
Both poetry and theology for me are about paying attention to the world in a very intentional way, and about admitting a mystery that is bigger than anything that I rationally understand. ... I think poetry has always been for me a kind of prayer. So those things feel very linked for me. And, again, poetry does feel like the first — and in some ways best — language I ever had for mystery and for my sense of what exists beyond the world we're currently living in.
On how Catholicism has helped her accept her body
One of the things that I find so moving about Catholicism is that it never forgets that to be a person is inherently and inescapably and necessarily to be in a body — a body that brings you pain, a body that brings you pleasure, a body that can be a barrier to thinking more completely about your life and your soul — but [that it] can also be a vehicle to delivering you into better communion with the world, with other people and to whatever divinity it is that you believe in.
What Catholicism did for me, in part, is give me a framework in which to understand my body as not an accident or a punishment or a mistake, but as the body that I am meant to have and that is constitutive of so much of who I am and what I've done and what I hope I will do in the world.
More and more ... I've come to see my body as a place of pride and potential, and as something that gives me a unique outlook onto the world. And I'd rather that, I guess, than be infuriated by it.
On her twin sister, who died shortly after birth
She lived about 36 hours after we were born. ... It's a phenomenon in my life that I have not a lot of rational explanation for, ... but it is true that I miss my sister with a kind of intense specificity that has no rational explanation, and that I feel aware of her presence in this way that I can't exactly explain or articulate, but which feels undeniable to me. ...
I do think that that sort of gave me no other option than to believe in some kind of something beyond this current mortal life that we're living. Because what is the explanation otherwise for the fact that I feel like I miss and I know this person who only lived a matter of hours? And for the fact as much as I know that she is dead and is gone in a real way, she doesn't feel "disappeared" to me.
On how her physical disability and her poetry are intertwined
I think the easiest way I have of describing it is I have two [early] memories. ... One of them is of sitting on a table in a hospital room in the children's hospital in St. Louis, choosing the flavor of the anesthetic gas I was going to breathe when they put me under to do my first major surgery. I was picking between cherry and butterscotch and grape. And the second memory that I have is of my father reading a Robert Hayden poem called "Those Winter Sundays."
Roberta Shorrock and Therese Madden produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper and Deborah Franklin adapted it for the Web.
Copyright 2017 Fresh Air. To see more, visit Fresh Air
TERRY GROSS, HOST:
This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross. During the first half of the 20th century, many people in Virginia deemed mentally or physically defective were confined in the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, a government-run residential hospital where they were sterilized to prevent them from creating more people like themselves. The facility is now dedicated to training the cognitively impaired.
My guest, poet Molly McCully Brown, was born in 1991, grew up near this facility and often wondered if she would've been deemed defective and confined in the colony had she been born a few decades earlier. She has cerebral palsy, a neurological disorder that affects body movement and muscle coordination. Her new collection of poems, "The Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded," imagines what life was like in the colony. The poems were described in a New York Times book review as part history lesson, part seance, part ode to dread - beautiful and devastating.
As the daughter of two novelists, she grew up immersed in books. As we'll discuss later, Molly McCully Brown converted to Catholicism three years ago, although she describes her relationship to the church as uncomfortable. She's at work on a collection of essays about disability, poetry, religion and the American South.
Molly McCully Brown, welcome to FRESH AIR. I love your poems. So how often did you see the former Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded when you were driving around your home in Virginia?
MOLLY MCCULLY BROWN: You know, I drove by the entrance to the colony practically daily when I was a child and a teenager. But I never went inside of it until I was in college and home in Virginia from California for the summer, and starting to think about the Virginia landscape. And I took a kind of impromptu trip inside with a friend. So I'd driven by this place. I'd known about it for years and years - for my whole conscious life, basically. But I'd never seen it up until that point.
GROSS: What feeling did you get when you were inside?
BROWN: It was incredibly moving and incredibly powerful. The place is interesting because it is still an operational facility for adults with really serious disabilities, although it is in the process of closing. But like a lot of things in Virginia, it was initially built on an enormous amount of land. And so a really interesting thing happened, which is that, as the buildings that were originally part of the colony fell into disrepair, they were largely just moved out of. And new buildings were built on accompanying land. But those original buildings were not necessarily torn down.
And so the place itself is this really strange combination of functioning facility and ghost town of everything that it has been. And so I've never been in a place that felt more acutely haunted in my life.
GROSS: So I'd like you to read an excerpt of the opening poem from your book. This is the part of the poem where you're driving past the building that used to be the State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded. You're driving past it, and you're thinking about the people who live there. You're thinking about what their lives have been like. And in this second part, you're also thinking about what it might have been like had you been forced to live there, as you might've been if you were born just a few decades earlier.
BROWN: Mmm hmm.
GROSS: Would you read it for us?
BROWN: Sure.
(Reading) I am my own kind of damaged there, looking out the right-hand window - spastic, palsied and off balance. I'm taking crooked notes about this place. It is the land where he is buried. The place she spent her whole life. The room where they made it impossible for her to have children. It is the colony where he did not learn to read but did paint every single slat of fence you see that shade of yellow, the place she didn't want to leave when she finally could because she'd lived there 50 years and couldn't drive a car, or remember the outside or trust anyone to touch her gently. And by some accident of luck or grace, some window less than half a century wide, it is my backyard but not what happened to my body.
GROSS: Do you think you would've been there, had you been born decades earlier?
BROWN: I mean, it is impossible to know that for sure, you know? And I can look at my life, and look at my family, and look at my parents and think, you know, no, never. That never would've happened. But I also understand that if I'd been born 50 years earlier, the climate was very different. The understanding of disability was very different. And what happens to people who are born with severe disabilities was a very different thing. And I think it is certainly a possibility. And that possibility is absolutely one of the things that led me to write the book.
GROSS: So when you were growing up with cerebral palsy, what were the assumptions made about you and your cognitive abilities when you were a child?
BROWN: You know, I feel very lucky that I grew up with parents who were phenomenal, and fierce and insistent advocates for me. And so who never let anyone assume that I was less cognitively capable - or really, less capable in any significant way - because I had cerebral palsy and my mobility was compromised. And they were wonderful about making sure that I was mainstreamed in the public school system as a child and had access to all the right kinds of educational opportunities.
But with that said, I think we do have strange tendency in this country to equate any kind of disability with less intellectual capability and with even a kind of less-complete humanity. And so I certainly, as a child, and as a teenager and even now as an adult, encountered people who assumed that just because I used a wheelchair, maybe I couldn't even speak to them. I often get questions directed at people that I'm with, as opposed to me. And that's a really interesting phenomenon.
GROSS: So the assumption that some of your poems are based on is not only were the people in this colony considered unfit to reproduce, therefore they were sterilized. It was assumed, in some ways, that they were, like, the outcasts of God. And that's why they were, quote, "defective."
So you have several poems that relate to faith, and religion and the people who are living in this colony. I'd like you to read one of those poems. It's called "The Convulsions Choir." And this is - I'm going to ask you to read an excerpt of that poem. Would you introduce it for us?
BROWN: Sure. So this poem is called "The Convulsions Choir." And it's from the point of view of an imagined colony patient who is epileptic. And I'm just going to read the very first part of the poem, which takes place in the colony's chapel.
(Reading) They did not build the church for us. I overheard one night nurse talking to another. They meant it for the staff, as a refuge from the stench, the idiot and the insane. They meant, you will need God more than ever in this place. After all, we are a whole host of reasons to stop believing in anything. I am the worst thing the reasoned world has wrought.
GROSS: Is that poem based on things that you learned in researching the colony, that the church was really built for the staff and not for the people who were permanent residents of the colony?
BROWN: I don't know that I ever came upon a sort of direct statement of that fact. But what I did come upon again and again was a kind of understanding that was pervasive in the colony and in the eugenics movement in the '30s, at the time that these poems are set, that the people who were colony patients, colony inmates, were somehow subhuman, somehow not fully possessed of meaningful inner lives and meaningful consciousnesses that were developed to the same extent as, you know, somebody who was considered not defective by the times of society at that moment might have been.
And from there, it felt like a really kind of easy conclusion for me to imagine that these spaces which are about the kind of cultivation of one's inner-life, of one's soul, if you want to call it that, of one's relationship with whatever higher power one might believe in couldn't have and wouldn't have been imagined for these patients but did exist on colony grounds.
And so from there, I kind of extrapolated to this point where I tried to imagine, OK, if you don't really believe that these patients are possessed of a complete inner-life and are possessed of a sort of capacity to be concerned with their own soul, then who are you building a church for here, and why?
GROSS: You have another poem that's written from the perspective of a priest or a minister at the church in the colony. And I'd like you to read an excerpt of that one for us and to...
BROWN: Sure.
GROSS: ...Introduce it as well.
BROWN: Yeah. So it was important to me in writing the book that I tried to imagine not just the perspectives of women who would have been colony patients but also people who might have and would have worked there. And so this is one of those poems, as you said, from the perspective of preacher, a minister who works at the colony, trying to kind of grapple with his own relationship to the place and the people and the work that he was doing there. And I'm just going to read the first two sections.
"Prayer For The Wretched Among Us." One. (Reading) Always they tell you to go where God calls you. What they don't say is that sometimes God will call you to the wilderness, gesture toward the trees and then hang back and wave you on alone. This is how I wound up granting absolution to low-grade idiots and the worn-out women who turn them over in bed at night and at dawn go home to their own families. Try not to think of ghosts wasting away in the world.
Two. (Reading) You are not supposed to be afraid of sinners. You should take off your shoes and give them to the wretched and the damned. Hold out your hand to every girl, even if she seems more animal, statue or remnant of plague than lost disciple. But do the children of God really lose their eyes in the backs of their heads and swallow their own tongues in church?
GROSS: That's Molly McCully Brown reading one of her poems from her new collection, "The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded." Molly, let's take a short break here, and then we'll talk some more. If you're just joining us, my guest is poet Molly McCully Brown. Her new collection of poems is called "The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded." We'll talk more after a break. This is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF KEVIN EUBANKS' "POET")
GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. If you're just joining us, my guest is poet Molly McCully Brown. Her new collection is called "The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded." The poems are inspired by the institution that was just a few miles away from where she grew up that used to house people deemed to be insane, idiotic, feebleminded or epileptic. Those are the words that we used then. And then they were sterilized to prevent them from reproducing. Brown has cerebral palsy and often has to use a wheelchair. She thinks that had she been born just a few decades earlier, she might have ended up in the colony or been sterilized there.
Molly, you converted to Catholicism a few years ago. You know, Christ's body is an essential part of Mass. The wafer and the wine and Holy Communion is meant to be the body and the blood of Jesus. I'm wondering if it's significant for you that the body of Jesus is such a part of the Mass given that your body has been such a defining trait for you your whole life because of its limitations and because of the pain it's caused you and the attention it gets from people who see you, you know, either in a wheelchair or walking with difficulty.
BROWN: Absolutely. I think one of the central things that drew me to Catholicism in the beginning was how central and significant the body is in the Mass both in terms of, yes, that understanding that Christ body is literally present as part of the service and also in terms of how bodily the Mass is and how bodily the theology is.
I think we have this tendency to think of religion as something which is about leaving the body behind, right? You have a soul. You have a spiritual life that is somehow utterly untethered from the fact that you are a flesh-and-blood person moving around in the world and limited and constituted by your body in all of these unavoidable ways.
And one of the things that I find so moving about Catholicism is that it never forgets that to be a person is inherently and inescapably and necessarily to be in a body, a body that brings you pain, a body that brings you pleasure, a body that can be a barrier to thinking more completely about your life and your soul but that can also be a vehicle to delivering you into better communion with the world, with other people and to whatever divinity it is that you believe in.
GROSS: Jesus was also a healer of the sick. Does that speak to you?
BROWN: Absolutely - I mean I think for me, that's a kind of complicated question. One thing that I found really meaningful as I was going through the process of converting - and I should say that I still - even as a convert, I have an uncomfortable relationship with some things about the church, and I have many questions. And I think for me, being a person of faith is about trying to live with that - inside those questions and sort of, you know, help be a part of making the institutions that I am a part of and believe in the best versions of themselves.
But one thing that I did find enormously interesting and moving as I was converting to Catholicism was this notion that we all have the bodies that we are meant to have and that if and when Christ in the Bible heals the sick, we're to understand it only as a part of doing something that is in some way necessary for the maintenance and salvation of their spirits and their souls.
And so actually what Catholicism did for me in part is give me a framework in which to understand my body as not an accident or a punishment or a mistake but as the body that I am meant to have and that is constitutive of so much of who I am and what I've done and what I hope I will do in the world.
More and more I've come to see - whether I'm in church or in the classroom as a teacher or interacting with people I love, I've come to see my body as a place of pride and potential and as something which gives me a unique outlook onto the world. And I'd rather that, I guess, than be infuriated by it.
GROSS: Could you tell us just a little bit about your condition of cerebral palsy?
BROWN: Yeah. So cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder. And the easiest way to describe it is that it's a little bit like a stroke that happens usually in utero or immediately after birth. And one of the most common causes of the type that I have, which is called moderate spastic diplegia, is oxygen deprivation. And it just essentially results in brain damage, which impairs your gross motor control, your balance and, in my case, results in heightened spasticity, which means that my muscles are really, really tense and really tight. Cerebral palsy is a big umbrella of a disorder. There are people who have cerebral palsy who are affected so severely that it inhibits their speech. It inhibits the motion of their hands. It means that they kind of don't walk at all.
And there are people who have CP, which is the abbreviation, who are really pretty mildly affected and might be a little bit clumsy, have a slight - a gait that looks, you know, slightly other than what you might typically expect. I fall somewhere in the middle of that spectrum. So I walk with a very crouched gait. My balance is very bad. And my endurance is very limited. And that means that I use a wheelchair to walk more than sort of very short distances.
GROSS: So when you were born, you were very premature.
BROWN: I was.
GROSS: How premature?
BROWN: I was born at 27 weeks, which is almost three months premature.
GROSS: And you were born one of a twin.
BROWN: I was. I was an identical twin, yeah.
GROSS: And your twin sister died just a few hours after being born.
BROWN: She died. She lived about 36 hours after she was born.
GROSS: And my understanding is, from reading your writing - is it the concept of soul - of the soul - is especially important to you because you feel like you're still in touch with your sister's soul, that your sister had a soul and there's something of her that lives on and that you are interconnected with.
BROWN: Yeah. It's a funny thing because it is a phenomenon in my life that I have not a lot of rational explanation for - that there is not a lot of language or space that feels right for discussing it in the kind of daily, practical life of being a human being. But it is true that I miss my sister with a kind of intense specificity that has no rational explanation and that I feel aware of her presence in this way that I can't exactly explain or articulate but which feels undeniable to me. And I have my whole life, ever since I was a child.
And so, yeah, I do think that that sort of gave me no other option than to believe in some kind of something beyond this current mortal life that we're living - because what is the explanation otherwise for the fact that I feel like I miss and I know this person who only lived a matter of hours and for the fact that, as much as, you know, I know that she is dead and is gone in a very real way she doesn't feel disappeared to me?
GROSS: So is church this space? And does it provide the language for you to think about things like your sister's soul?
BROWN: It does. For me, church and Catholicism specifically does provide some of that space and some of that language. And I should say that the other thing that provides that space for me is poetry - and that, for me, those things feel very twinned (ph), for lack of a better term and that I think I came to religion, to theology first and largely through relationship to poetry. That has lasted my whole life and has been always the first and best language for me for talking about things that I can't exactly explain or that don't really have a place in the kind of daily, normal life that I'm living.
GROSS: My guest is Molly McCully Brown. Her new collection of poems is called "The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded." After we take a short break, we'll talk about how poetry connects with her faith and about being the daughter of two novelists. And jazz critic Kevin Whitehead will review a 1968 concert recording by the Bill Evans Trio that's been released for the first time. I'm Terry Gross, and this is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)
GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross, back with poet and essayist Molly McCully Brown. Her new collection of poems, The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded," takes its title from the government-run residential hospital which, in the first half of the 20th century, housed people deemed to be mentally or physically defective. To prevent them from procreating, they were sterilized. Brown grew up near the facility and wonders if she'd have been sent there had she been born decades earlier. She has cerebral palsy, a neurological disorder that affects body movement and muscle coordination. When we left off, we were talking about her recent conversion to Catholicism.
Tell me more - how poetry connected you with theology.
BROWN: I think, for me, both writing and reading poetry and experiencing religious devotion are always first and foremost for me, a matter of sort of slowing down and stilling and paying attention and quieting that sort of indignant, protesting part of my heart that says, you know, I'm angry or I don't understand this or I am hungry or I want to be watching whatever bad reality television show is airing right now - that both poetry and theology for me are about paying attention to the world in a very intentional way and about admitting a mystery that is bigger than anything that I rationally understand or bigger than who I am as a person. And I think, you know, poetry has always been for me a kind of prayer. And so those things feel very linked for me. And, again, poetry does feel like the first and, in some ways, best language I ever had for mystery and for my sense of what exists beyond the world that we're currently living in.
GROSS: Your parents are both writers. They're novelists, and they're teachers at Sweet Briar College in Virginia. You grew up on a house either on the campus or just near the campus?
BROWN: I grew up on campus, yeah.
GROSS: Was that a good thing?
BROWN: Oh, it was a wonderful thing. For a bookish, weird child who had to spend a lot of time in hospitals, had to spend a lot of time in physical therapy, found early that her brain was going to be her best refuge and best resource, growing up the children of artists and faculty members on a college campus - I mean, it was like Mecca. I got to go to readings. I got to go to classes. My life was filled with people who took my interest in books and in art and in religion and in poetry seriously from my earliest moments. It was - I could not have asked for a better childhood in that way.
GROSS: And it sounds like you were really serious about writing right at the start. I mean, from reading your essays, it sounds like you were dictating things to your parents before you knew how to write...
BROWN: Yeah.
GROSS: ...Because you had such a strong urge to write down what you were saying. Like, can you describe that urge?
BROWN: Yeah. I mean, I think the easiest way I have of describing it is that I have two memories, one of which is my first memory and one of which is my second. And I couldn't tell you which one comes first and which one comes second. One of them is of sitting on a table in a hospital room in the children's hospital in St. Louis, choosing the flavor of the anesthetic gas I was going to breathe when they put me under to do my first major surgery. And I was picking between cherry and butterscotch and grape.
And the second memory that I have - very early memory I have - is of my father reading a Robert Hayden poem called "Those Winter Sundays." And so I guess the thing to say is that in my life, there has always been my body in some state of falling apart or disrepair or attempting to be fixed. And there has always been poetry. And I couldn't untwin those things if I tried. But I have wanted to be a writer since I - yeah, since before I could write. I have never really wanted to do anything else.
And I - you know, I can remember discovering a copy of Emily Dickinson's poems in my mother's bedroom at maybe 7 or 8 years old and reading them and, of course, not really understanding them but being drawn to the music and the compression and the strangeness of them and thinking, that. I want to do that. And I'm very lucky that I've gotten to.
GROSS: Are there are a few lines from Dickinson you want to say that meant a lot to you when you were discovering her?
BROWN: Yeah. The soul has moments of escape when bursting all the doors. She dances like a bomb, abroad, and swings upon the hours.
GROSS: What did that mean to you?
BROWN: Oh. I think that, for me, Dickinson was the first poet I encountered who I could see really clearly grappling with the sort of difficult yoke between body and soul and the relationship that they had to one another. And that notion that the soul has moments of escape when bursting all the doors - and there for me you got the soul bursting the bounds of the body. But you also got a kind of magical experience of being alive. And those lines do, I mean, have about them the thing that poetry has - right? - which is that they have not just their narrative meaning. But they have all that great and wonderful sound. You know, the soul has moments of escape when bursting all the doors. She dances like a bomb abroad and swings upon the hours. All those B's, all that swinging sound - the way in which the message of the poem felt so in conversation to me with the way that it sounded and the way that it was on the page. I think I thought, OK, this is my language.
GROSS: My guest is Molly McCully Brown. Her new collection of poems is called "The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded." We'll talk more after a break. This is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF AVISHAI COHEN'S "GBEDE TEMIN")
GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. Let's get back to my interview with writer Molly McCully Brown. Her new collection of poems, "The Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded," takes its title from the government-run residential hospital which, in the first half of the 20th century, housed people deemed physically or cognitively defective. She grew up near the facility and empathizes with the patients because she has cerebral palsy.
I've been choosing poems for you to read. Would you like to choose one that you would like to read?
BROWN: Sure. I'd love to read one of the first poems in the first section of the book, which is called "In The Dormitory." This is a poem called "Grand Mal Seizure," and it's the first poem that I ever wrote for the collection as I was drafting it. And it's one that - its beginning became, for me, a kind of way of thinking about what I was doing in the collection as a whole and my relationship to this place and these poems. So I'd love to read that.
GROSS: Go ahead.
BROWN: "Grand Mal Seizure" - (Reading) There's however it is you call, and there's whatever it is you're calling to. July, I sew my own dress from calico and lace. August, they take it off me in the colony, trade it in for standard-issue Virginia cotton - not much room for my body in the heavy slip. Maybe that's the idea. For a while, the abandoning was rare. And then it was not and would never be again. Imagine you are an animal in your own throat. The dormitory has a pitched, dark roof and a high porch. We are not allowed outside.
Instead, we go to the window and make a game of racing dogwood blossoms knocked down by the wind. Choose your flower as it falls, and see whose is the first to hit the clay. I beat the crippled girl every day for a week. The trick is to pick the smaller petals. Most nights, they knot the bedsheet in my mouth so I will not bite my tongue. Lay out on the pine floor, rattle your own bones back to the center of the world. In the beds, the smell of kerosene and lye - the girls wake themselves one after another - spasm, whimper, whine. Outside, cicadas; in the distance, the big house lights - another truck comes loud up the road bearing another girl. There is whatever it is you're calling to. There is however it is you call.
GROSS: Thank you for reading that. I think language has so much to do with how you explain ourselves to ourselves and to others. And I'm thinking, like, if you grew up - if somebody grew up in this colony for the, quote, "feebleminded and epileptics," and you were labeled, officially, defective and you were sterilized because you were defective, that you would have to think of yourself as defective. I mean, that's how - that was your official diagnosis - defective.
BROWN: Absolutely.
GROSS: Whereas, like, when you were growing up with cerebral palsy, a condition that might've ended you up in this colony had you been born decades ago, you were given a medical explanation. Here's what happened in your body when you were born, and here is why your muscles aren't typical. Did you think about that a lot when writing the book - how language defines how you see yourself and how others see you?
BROWN: Absolutely. I mean, I think one thing that it's worth saying - you know, I owe a lot to modern medicine and to the medical model of disability. This model that says, OK, here are the things that are, quote, unquote, "wrong with you." Here are the reasons, as far as we know them, that they're wrong with you. And here are the things we can do and are going to try to do to fix you. You know, I've had several major surgeries in my life. I've had a lot of orthopedic intervention. And I am certainly more mobile than I would be without that intervention. And I'm - am grateful for all of that.
And I'm grateful to have had these scientific and concrete explanations for why and how my body works, and my brain works or doesn't work the way that it does. But I will say that it does shape your sense of yourself. You know, the earliest language I had for talking about my body was a list of the things that were wrong with it and a list of the things that people were doing to try to make it like, quote, unquote, "better." And I think that does really shape your sense of who you are.
You know, you come into the world learning to talk about yourself and your body from a place of needing to be fixed. And so you do think, OK, by default, here I am, broken. And here are the ways in which I need to be made better, made more capable. And that is a really complicated set of things to grapple with as a young person. And so I can only imagine how much worse and more pervasive it would have been if the language you were given for yourself was idiot, was imbecile, was feebleminded because you're right. We are shaped by the stories we are told about ourselves.
GROSS: What was that list of words that defined you when you were young?
BROWN: So I knew very early on that I had cerebral palsy. I knew that my specific diagnosis was moderate spastic dysplasia. I knew that I had high muscle tone. I knew that I had a crouched gait. I knew that my fine motor control was impaired, and my gross motor control was impaired. I knew that my balance was impaired. I knew that my hamstrings were especially tight and my heel cords were especially tight. I knew that I'd had a neurological surgery called a dorsal rhizotomy. And I knew roughly what that was. I knew what an orthotic was. And I knew that there were various kinds of them. That language of monitoring, and maintenance, and defect and attempted repair belonged to me remarkably young. What other 5-year-old do you know that can say dorsal rhizotomy?
GROSS: Really (laughter).
BROWN: Yeah.
GROSS: In one of your essays, you kind of ask the question, when is it appropriate to tell people that you have cerebral palsy, that you're often in a wheelchair? When do you tell a potential employee? When do you tell a potential boyfriend? Like, say you're meeting the person for the first time at a restaurant, and you're already seated. And that person doesn't necessarily know. Has your opinion about that changed over the years?
BROWN: Oh, I think my opinion about that changes every 35 seconds.
GROSS: (Laughter).
BROWN: ...Based on how it is that I am feeling or who it is that I'm interacting with on a given day. I like to think I'm getting better at navigating the question of disclosure. You know, I'm in this kind of complicated space when it comes to that because, obviously, the moment that you see me stand up or you see me walk, you know that I'm disabled. It is absolutely sort of visually unavoidable. But you don't necessarily know if you just see me sitting at a desk in a classroom or sitting at a table in a restaurant. And so there is this sort of initial moment of, OK, how do you disclose? What do you do?
But, you know, in some ways, I think I am helped by the fact that that moment can only be a moment because the moment I want to move, I have no choice but to deal with the fact that my body announces that truth about itself to the world. And learning how to grapple with that, learning what to say about it, learning how to navigate people's reactions to it was a sort of process that evolved over the course of my childhood and my adolescence, and is still evolving as I'm an adult.
GROSS: So when you think back to your childhood, do you think about how your body was weak, your body needed constant repair, but that your mind was strong?
BROWN: Yeah, I mean, I think even - it's so interesting for me now, as an adult and a writer, to think about the kinds of binaries that I instituted for myself in terms of who I was and what was valuable about me and what was wrong with me. You know, I think there's something sort of already problematic when we say, like, OK, you have a bad body. You have a weak body, but you have a strong mind - because, first of all, you know, what does it mean to be weak or to be strong? What does it mean to have a valuable mind? How are we defining that?
I think it is a really - that's still a really fraught and complicated territory that bears the vestiges of this kind of fear about people who were less intellectually capable, who were in some way going to sort of limit the progress of humanity because they were less strong, less good, somehow defective. And I think it's interesting for me to think about how our language about that, our way of thinking about that still carries the vestiges of that history in it. It's also interesting for me because I think I did - and I do, you know, take great pleasure in my capability with language and my ability to read and my love and appreciation for art - all of that was incredibly important to me.
And I definitely did have this pervasive sense of myself as a child as someone who was not physically capable. But that was OK because I was really, really smart. And, of course, the ways in which that had been complicated in my adult life - by my understanding that actually everything that is wrong with my body is a consequence of damage to my brain - so that, actually, the problem, if you want to call it that, is in my head and is the same brain that has delivered me so many of the things that are most joyful about my life, that are most useful and wonderful about who I am as a person. That is the site, too, of so many of the ways in which I struggle. And I think figuring out how to come to terms with that - how to grapple with the simultaneous truth of both of those things - is the sort of ongoing project of my life.
GROSS: Well, Molly McCully Brown, thank you so much for talking with us.
BROWN: Thank you.
GROSS: Molly McCully Brown's new collection of poems is called "The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded." After we take a short break, jazz critic Kevin Whitehead will review a previously unreleased concert recording by the Bill Evans Trio. This is FRESH AIR. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

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Question: Easter Pardons Granted to Deported Veterans

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SACRAMENTO, Calif. (CN) – A trio of U.S. military veterans deported to Mexico over a decade ago after serving prison sentences received Easter clemency as California Gov. Jerry Brown granted them pardons.
In what has become an Easter and Christmas tradition for the Democratic governor since returning to office in 2011, Brown issued a total of 72 pardons and seven commutations on Saturday. Brown, 79, pardoned mostly drug-related offenses and nonviolent crimes.
He has issued over 900 pardons since 2011.
Brown pardoned three veterans, including former Marine Erasmo Apodaca Mendizabal, who served 10 months in prison after being convicted of burglary. Apodaca was deported in 1997.
“He has shown that since his release from custody, he has lived and honest and upright life, exhibited good moral character and conducted himself as a law-abiding citizen,” Brown said in a pardon message. “Indeed, Mr. Apodaca served in the United State Marines where he received a national defense service medal, among other honors.”
Also pardoned were former Marine Marco Chavez and Army veteran Hector Barajas. Chavez was convicted of animal cruelty, while Barajas served 13 months in prison for shooting a gun from a vehicle.
According to Brown, Barajas received Army humanitarian and conduct medals and established a support program for fellow deported veterans in Tijuana.
The gubernatorial pardons don’t guarantee re-entry into the United States, but the FBI is notified when pardons are issued. Their records will reflect that their prior convictions have been forgiven.
Brown’s pardons allow recipients to apply to own firearms, work as probation or parole officers and serve on juries. Only individuals who have lived crime-free for over a decade can qualify for a pardon.
Seven inmates also saw commutations on Saturday, including a Riverside County man given life without parole in 1981 for murder and conspiracy to commit murder.
“The man I am now is unrecognizable to the boy I was,” Daniel Wiltse said in his commutation application.
Wiltse was 18 when he “succumbed to his mother’s pressure” and orchestrated the murder of his stepfather. Wiltse drove the man who killed his stepfather to and from the scene of the crime.
He’s been in prison for 37 years.
“In light of Mr. Wiltse’s age at the time of his crime, his transformation in prison and his commitment to rehabilitation, I believe he deserves a chance to make his case before the Board of Parole Hearing so they can determine whether he is prepared to be released from prison,” Brown said.
The inmates receiving commutations will remain incarcerated but have the chance to convince the parole board they should be released.

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Good morning, here are our early stories:
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Golden Globe Nominations Coming Today. (AFP)
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Question: Mitchell Starc will challenge Virat Kohli throughout series: Mike Hussey

It will take a "collective bowling effort from to counter the phenomenon but former batsman Mike Hussey believes that with his abilities will pose some serious challenge for the Indian captain throughout the Test series.
Kohli recently eclipsed Sir Don Bradman's world record scoring four double hundreds in four successive Test series.
"I think Starc is a brilliant bowler for the sub-continental conditions. He bowls at a genuine pace, can swing the new ball and is an excellent exponent of reverse swing. I am sure he will challenge Kohli throughout the series. It will, however, take a collective effort to stop Kohli, who has been phenomenal of late," Hussey told PTI in an exclusive interview.Asked about the kind of challenges that Steve Smith will face, Hussey said that despite Indians being champion players of spin bowling, the Australian captain need to be patient with spinners Nathan Lyon and Steve O'Keefe."He has experience of playing in India, which is important both in Tests and at the IPL. I feel he needs to show a lot of faith and patience with his spinners and get the field right, with a nice balance of attacking and defending," observed Hussey, a veteran of 79 Test matches.David Warner has been in form of his life, pretty similar to Kohli's purple patch but Hussey reckons that it will be a different challenge on very different tracks that both Warner as well skipper Smith will enjoy."There is always a lot of pressure on Warner and Steve Smith to score big runs for The good thing is that they are both very hungry for runs and love batting. India will be a huge challenge for both players but I am sure they are very determined to have an impact on the series."Known as 'Mr Cricket' for his consistency, Hussey is happy with the kind of preparation that the Aussies have undertaken in Dubai but is keen to watch how much of it translates into performances."This tour of India has been a big focus for Cricket for some time now and the preparation has been meticulous. Whether that transcends into performance on the field remains to be seen but the preparation has certainly been thorough," he said.is only playing one warm-up game, a three-day match against India A in the build up to their first Test against the hosts starting February 23 in Pune."I would have perhaps like to have seen a few more warm up matches in India to cap off the preparations."For Hussey, a clear cut plan against Ravichandran Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja is a must for the Aussie batsmen. Having played alongside the duo in CSK, Hussey would like to believe that simulating sub-continental conditions in Dubai will be good enough."Well it's going to have to be. Each batsman must have very clear plans on how they want to play both spinners and then execute that plan in the middle. It will be tough as they are both very effective bowlers in Indian conditions. Ashwin obviously understands the home conditions really well and knows how to utilise them. Similarly, Lyon probably has a better record in for the same reasons."For rookies like Matt Renshaw or Peter Handscomb (he has played in IPL for Supergiants) playing their first Test series, Hussey has one simple tip -- devise ways to get off strike quickly."Back your defence and have ways to get off strike. Be prepared to work very hard for long, long periods of time."Under Kohli, India have started playing on better tracks of late with none of the pitches during the five-match series against England showing prodigious turn."Definitely, but India are a high quality team particularly at home and it will be a huge challenge for our team, but as long as they are prepared to play tough Test cricket for long, long periods of time then I think we have a chance.

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Warner triumphs in battle with Maxi - cricket.com.au Afghanistan have become a force to be reckoned with in Twenty20 cricket, boasting an impressive recent record, and this duo showed why. Their spin bowling was a thing of beauty, Nabi claiming his first wicket by completely outfoxing England's Eoin Morgan. and more »
Cummins learning from Indian great - cricket.com.au ... Indian Premier League franchise Delhi Daredevils, where Zaheer is captain. And the 38-year-old left-armer, who took more 600 wickets for India before retiring from international cricket in October 2015, as quickly formed a strong partnership with ... and more »


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Question: James Alex Fields Jr. appears in court two days after he allegedly killed a woman at a white nationalist rally

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A judge has denied bond for an Ohio man accused of plowing his car into a crowd at a white nationalist rally.
Judge Robert Downer said during a bond hearing Monday that he would appoint a lawyer for James Alex Fields Jr.
Fields is charged with second-degree murder and other counts after authorities say he drove into the crowd, fatally injuring one woman and hurting 19 others.
RELATED: A live TV interview in Charlottesville went off the rails when a white supremacist ranted profanely on the air
The rally was held by white nationalists and others who oppose a plan to remove from a Charlottesville park of a statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee.
Fields has been in custody since Saturday.
A high school teacher said Fields was fascinated with Nazism, idolized Adolf Hitler and had been singled out by school officials in the 9th grade for his “deeply held, radical” convictions on race.

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President Donald Trump’s comments on dealing with protesters are coming back to haunt him after the violence that broke out Saturday at a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia. The clashes between Nazis and counterprotesters left three people dead, including one anti-fascist demonstrator who was killed when a man rammed his car into the group she…


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Question: Ford government pauses ticket resale changes

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TORONTO — Ontario's newly elected Progressive Conservative government has halted changes to sports and concert ticket price legislation that would have capped resale values for events across the province.
A spokesman for the Tories confirmed today that the law passed by the previous Liberal government to address escalating ticket prices will not immediately move ahead.
The Tories say the law attempted to put a cap on ticket resale prices but had no mechanisms to enforce the measure.
The new government, which was officially sworn in last Friday, says it will review the section of the consumer protection law that deals with ticket resale.

Premier Doug Ford on Tuesday cancelled what amounts to a $2 billion a year tax on Ontarians by scrapping all of the government subsidy programs funded by former premier Kathleen Wynne’s cap-and-trade scheme.
Cap and trade, a carbon tax by another name, raises prices on goods and services rather than the taxes on them.
“Every cent from the cap-and-trade slush fund is money that has been taken out of the pockets of Ontario families and businesses,” Ford said in a written statement, adding he was fulfilling his election promise to scrap the Liberals’ “cash grab” designed to fund “big government programs” that “do nothing for the environment.”
“We believe that this money belongs back in the pockets of people,” Ford said. “Cancelling the cap-and-trade carbon tax will result in lower prices at the gas pump, on your home heating bills and on virtually every other product you buy.”
Ford cited a 2016 report by Auditor General Bonnie Lysyk which concluded that despite its $8-billion price tag from 2017 to 2020, Wynne’s cap-and-trade scheme would not significantly lower Ontario’s greenhouse gas emissions.
Ford’s cancellation of Wynne’s Climate Action Plan that was to spend $8.3 billion over five years from cap-and-trade revenues, means the cancellation of everything from government subsidies of up to $14,000 for people who buy electric cars, to some public transit projects.
Ford said his government will honour arrangements, orders and contracts that have already been signed for things like energy efficient insulation and window retrofits, but all other initiatives will only be funded on a case-by-case basis from general tax revenues, after the PCs complete their value-for-money audit of Ontario’s finances.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has said he will impose a revenue neutral carbon price on Ontario if Ford scraps cap and trade, while others say Ford’s government may be sued by companies forced to buy carbon credits under Wynne’s scheme.
But Ford said businesses will benefit financially from no longer having to buy carbon credits, and Ontario will challenge Trudeau in court.
In any event, by cancelling cap and trade, Ford is doing what he said he would do during the election.


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Question: Ezekiel Elliott’s Legal Team ‘Ready To Fight’ NFL Over Six-Game Suspension

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Things might get pretty messy between Ezekiel Elliott and the NFL.
The Dallas Cowboys running back, who recently was handed a six-game suspension for violating the league’s domestic violence policy, is set to appeal the decision on Tuesday. Elliott’s argument will focus largely on the testimony provided by his former girlfriend, Tina Thompson, according to the Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
Elliott’s father, Stacy Elliott, is ready to dig in, and clearly believes his son has a good case.
My son's legal team is ready to fight! Let's deal!!! You will know the set up and PLOT! pic.twitter.com/GSt7QTJehs — Ambassador Elliott (@stacy_elliott) August 14, 2017
Given that Elliott never was arrested or charged with a crime, it makes sense that his family, as well as Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, are upset about and ready to fight the suspension.
But as Tom Brady’s infamous Deflategate saga proved, the NFL doesn’t need concrete evidence to discipline its players.
Thumbnail photo via Kirby Lee/USA TODAY Sports Images


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Question: UPDATE to the Death Investigation / Laurel County

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London, Ky. (April 17, 2017) - On Sunday, April 16, 2017 at approximately 12:30 PM, Kentucky State Police Post 11, London received a report of a human body in the water near the Marsh Branch boat ramp on Laurel Lake in Laurel County.
Upon arrival, KSP Detective Jessie Armstrong located Andrew Ku, 21, of New York, New York deceased.
Ku’s body has been sent to the State Medical Examiner’s Office for an autopsy. Preliminary cause of death is expected later.
** UPDATE**
Preliminary autopsy results indicate drowning as cause of death.
Complete results are pending toxicology testing.
Detective Armstrong is continuing the investigation.

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Question: White nationalists: Charlottesville just a beginning

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BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) — Emboldened and proclaiming victory after a bloody weekend in Virginia, white nationalists are planning more demonstrations to promote their agenda following the violence that left a woman dead and dozens injured.
The University of Florida said white provocateur Richard Spencer, whose appearances sometimes stoke unrest, is seeking permission to speak there next month. And white nationalist Preston Wiginton said he is planning a “White Lives Matter” rally at Texas A&M University in September.
Also, a neo-Confederate group has asked the state of Virginia for permission to rally at a monument to Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee in Richmond on Sept. 16, and other events are likely.
“We’re going to be more active than ever before,” Matthew Heimbach, a white nationalist leader, said Monday.
James Alex Fields Jr., a young man who was said to idolize Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in high school, was charged with killing a woman by slamming a car into a group of counter-protesters at a white nationalist rally Sunday in Charlottesville, Virginia.
Fields, 20, who recently moved to Ohio from his home state of Kentucky, was held without bail on murder charges. He was photographed at the rally behind a shield bearing the emblem of the white nationalist Vanguard America, though the group denied he was a member.
Two state troopers also died Sunday when their helicopter crashed during an effort to contain the violence.
The U.S. Justice Department said it will review the violence, and Attorney General Jeff Sessions told ABC that the death of counter-protester Heather Heyer, 32, met the definition of domestic terrorism.
White nationalists said they were undaunted.
Heimbach, who said he was pepper-sprayed during the melee in Charlottesville, called the event Saturday “an absolute stunning victory” for the far right because of the large number of supporters who descended on the city to decry plans to remove a statue of Lee.
Hundreds of white nationalists, white supremacists, neo-Nazis, Ku Klux Klan members and others were involved, by some estimates, in what Heimbach, leader of the Traditionalist Workers Party, called the nation’s biggest such event in a decade or more. Even more opponents turned out, and the two sides clashed violently.
A neo-Nazi website that helped promote the gathering said there will be more events soon.
“We are going to start doing this nonstop. Across the country,” said the site, which internet domain host GoDaddy said it was shutting down after it mocked the woman killed in Charlottesville.
The head of the National Socialist Movement, Jeff Schoep, said Charlottesville was a “really good” white nationalist event that was being overshadowed by the deaths. “Any time someone loses their life it’s unfortunate,” he said.
He blamed the violence on inadequate police protection and counter-demonstrators and said he doubts white nationalists will be deterred from attending more such demonstrations.
Preserving memorials to the Old South has become an animating force for the white nationalist movement, not because all members are Southern, Schoep said, but because adherents see the drive to remove such monuments as part of a larger, anti-white crusade.
“It’s an assault on American freedoms. Today it’s Confederate monuments. Tomorrow it may be the Constitution or the American flag,” Schoep said.
At the University of Florida, where Spencer has asked to speak, President W. Kent Fuchs called the events in Virginia “deplorable” but indicated school officials might be unable to block his appearance.
“While this speaker’s views do not align with our values as an institution, we must follow the law, upholding the First Amendment not to discriminate based on content and provide access to a public space,” Fuchs said in a message on the university’s Facebook page.
Auburn University spent almost $30,000 in legal fees in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent Spencer from speaking on its campus in Alabama in April.

Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Alt-right protestors carry torches to Univ. of Virginia | 0:54 A day before a scheduled alt-right demonstration in Charlottesville, Virginia, protestors marched with torches at the University of Virginia. According to local reports, several people were injured during the demonstration. USA TODAY 1 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Video shows car plow into Charlottesville crowd | 0:41 Disturbing video shows the moment a car crashed into the crowd in Charlottesville, Virginia. 2 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Victim in Charlottesville attack identified | 1:13 The woman who was killed when a driver rammed his car into a group of protesters demonstrating against a white nationalist rally Saturday afternoon has been identified. Time 3 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Charlottesville car attack victim: People flying around me | 1:09 A man who was injured in Charlottesville when a speeding vehicle plowed into a second car, killing one person and injuring many others, said he thought it seemed like an assault on "every person in this country." (Aug. 12) AP 4 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Fights break out in the street during alt-right protest | 0:51 Fights and arguments were widespread during a white nationalist protest in Charlottesville, Virginia. Demonstrators were protesting the removal of a Confederate statue. USA TODAY 5 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Graphic video: Car slams into crowd at alt-right demonstration | 0:50 Graphic video: A bystander captures the moment a car slams into a crowd at a white nationalist protest in Charlottesville, Virginia. USA TODAY 6 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Smoke rises after helicopter crash in Charlottesville | 0:15 Emma Eisner captured this video of thick, black smoke billowing near Birdwood golf course in Charlottesville, Va., She says a helicopter appeared to stall and spiral down to the ground. USA TODAY 7 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Trump responds to violence in Charlottesville | 0:45 President Trump interrupted a signing ceremony for veterans to publicly denounce the deadly violence in Charlottesville, Virginia saying the U.S. government is "ready, willing and able" to step in. USA TODAY 8 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. Charlottesville victim's mother: She died doing what was right | 1:47 A female victim has been named in the violent white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, VA. Nathan Rousseau Smith (@fantasticmrnate) reports. Buzz60 9 of 10 Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE VIOLENCE ERUPTS AFTER WHITE SUPREMACIST RALLY IN CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. White nationalist David Duke attends 'Unite the Right' rally in Charlottesville | 0:30 Former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke said the 'alt-right' protests in Charlottesville, Va., on Saturday, Aug. 12, 2017, were a "turning point" to fulfill the promises of Donald Trump. Mykal McEldowney/IndyStar 10 of 10 Last VideoNext Video Alt-right protestors carry torches to Univ. of Virginia
Video shows car plow into Charlottesville crowd
Victim in Charlottesville attack identified
Charlottesville car attack victim: People flying around me
Fights break out in the street during alt-right protest
Graphic video: Car slams into crowd at alt-right demonstration
Smoke rises after helicopter crash in Charlottesville
Trump responds to violence in Charlottesville
Charlottesville victim's mother: She died doing what was right
White nationalist David Duke attends 'Unite the Right' rally in Charlottesville
830755838.jpg CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA - AUGUST 12: Hundreds of white nationalists, neo-Nazis and members of the "alt-right" march down East Market Street toward Lee Park during the "United the Right" rally August 12, 2017 in Charlottesville, Virginia. After clashes with anti-facist protesters and police the rally was declared an unlawful gathering and people were forced out of Lee Park, where a statue of Confederate General Robert E. Lee is slated to be removed. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (Photo: Chip Somodevilla, Getty Images)
Here's what readers had to say about Saturday's clashes between white supremacists and counter-protesters in Charlottesville, Va.:
Donald Trump's presidential campaign rallies were always very clear in how he encouraged Americans to take sides -- particularly his own personally, against each other. Trump was recorded and taped exhorting his town hall followers to physically assault people who vocally interrupted his speeches, and some Trump protesters were indeed struck or spit upon in the crowds with Trump recorded offering to pay the legal fees of the assailants.
His initial assessment of the recent events in Virginia were that it has nothing to do with him and that " many side share the blame " -- while one specific side of the conflict openly state him as their motivation , and that they are there in part to fulfill the " Trump promise," aside from their stated protests against the removal of the statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee .
In hindsight, there were indeed many aspects all around regarding the tragedies in Virginia that plainly should have been handle better. No one should have died that day. No one should have been allowed to be assaulted. Voices should have been allowed to air as free speech -- not , two sides in open confrontation, each shouting down the other.
I could feel these tragic events on the horizon each time I saw a Trump presidential rally. We are allowing ourselves to become an America that is retreating from dialog and attempts at reason to a Trump "us against them" political climate .
Arvie A Green
Detroit
Henderson: What's the source for white anger on display in Charlottesville?
The events in Charlottesville this weekend are abhorrent. The organizers of this event are mostly to blame but as far as I am concerned President Donald Trump is complicit in this bizarre and tragic spectacle. He ran a campaign that openly embraced white nationalist rhetoric and it was like pulling teeth to get him to disavow the support offered to him by the likes of David Duke and other “alt-right” personalities. Trump needs to own up to his ongoing role in stoking the flames of reactionary intolerance, which he continues to do in all of his policy choices. At this point the only decision I would respect coming from this man is his resignation.
Christopher Currie
Detroit
More: Ex-Michigan Congressman John Dingell's response to Charlottesville goes viral
Donald Trump could help extinguish the white supremacy flare-up we are presently experiencing by scheduling a joint session session of Congress to speak directly to our leaders and the American people. He could explain that "taking back our country" and "making America great again" does not mean giving all the powers of government back to the white race. He could assure all Americans that the presidency, membership in his cabine, and all important governmental posts are open to people of all races, and that he is doing all in his power to keep it that way. He could make it clear that "making America great again" does not mean going back to something that previously existed, but rather, it means removing the evils which have crept into our present society and now prevent some of our people from sharing equally in our freedoms, our opportunities, our justice and our ability to earn a decent living.
Edwin M. Koziol
Scottville
Skip in Skip x Embed x Share CLOSE Former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke said the 'alt-right' protests in Charlottesville, Va., on Saturday, Aug. 12, 2017, were a "turning point" to fulfill the promises of Donald Trump. Mykal McEldowney/IndyStar
It was very telling when David Duke, a leading figure of the KKK, made a pointed statement that he, KKK members, along with other hateful white supremacists, claim their mission at the demonstration in Charlottesville was part of a strategy to take back America and "Make America Great Again." Donald Trump had an unique opportunity to come out and forcefully condemn any association Duke thought his white racist, fellow bigots had with Trump's popular slogan but Trump failed miserably. Instead, while rightfully condemning "violence on many sides," Trump did nothing to distance himself from the growing cancer of race hatred in America. Trump has never before been reluctant to tweet, or publicly condemn, anyone he has disagreed with, so his lack of a strong condemnation of David Duke and his allies, is disgraceful, and unacceptable to the vast majority of Americans who believe America is still the melting pot of races from around the world.
William D. Krull
Roseville
In view of the events in Charlottesville and other similar events, I am disturbed by the continual use of the descriptive term "white" in the account of this tragedy and the reporting of too many similar events like this. Words have power, folks. Yes, I am "white" These people do not speak for me, their terrorist actions do not speak for any of the "white" people I know.
I am afraid that the continued repetition of the term "white," though descriptive of these "Alt-Right" scum, will cause a backlash of even more hate and injury. Look closely at the images of those who came to speak out against these Nazis; you'll see that many were, indeed, "white" people. A "white" woman was killed! Countless "white" people have fought and died, too, fighting against hate and for freedom and justice. Detroiter Viola Liuzzo went to Mississippi to fight against hate and was murdered by these fascists. My Dad was a "white" man and in World War II he risked his life fighting against the hate of fascists.
Doug Kowalske
Dearborn
I am horrified by the scenes that unfolding on my TV screen from Virginia. Trump did not make anyone throw a punch or a rock, but he is at least partially responsible for emboldening those who would. By Saturday afternoon, about two hours after violence broke out at the white supremacists rally, the president should have been front denouncing such actions, and exercising leadership.
He can find time to tweet about all kinds of silly and even inappropriate stuff, but couldn't take the time to communicate directly with the American people when it was really important to do so.
Earnest L. Robinson Jr.
Southfield
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Question: Wallabies reveal pre-Bledisloe Cup gamble

This news article should be represented to find a fitting news title.

Grace Hamilton and Michael Hooper at ANZ Stadium to launch the historic fixture.
Grace Hamilton and Michael Hooper at ANZ Stadium to launch the historic fixture.
THE WALLABIES have no plans to play a pre-Bledisloe warm-up game and will rely on an internal possibles-probables clash to prepare them for the All Blacks.
The first Bledisloe Cup clash in Sydney will be a historic evening with Rugby Australia announcing the August 18 match at ANZ Stadium will be preceded by a Wallaroos-Black Ferns Test; the first double-header on Australian soil.
But if more history is to be made this year by Australia winning the first Bledisloe Cup since 2002, the Wallabies realistically must beat the All Blacks in Sydney for the first time since 2015 and then pick up a second win in Auckland or Japan.
Playing the Kiwis first-up at ANZ Stadium as part of a RA deal with the NSW Government has proved tough going.
Last year was particularly brutal when, off a cold start, the Wallabies conceded 40 points in the first half before losing 54-34.
Contrastingly, the All Blacks tune up for the first Bledisloe Cup game in a "game of three halves" against provincial teams, and they will again play Canterbury and Otago on August 10.
Some Wallabies players and assistant coaches saying last year a warm-up game had merit but coach Michael Cheika doesn't share the belief and it's understood the Wallabies will stick with a full-contact, possibles-probables clash at training 11 days out. It is not a full game.
Wallabies captain Michael Hooper said a warm-up game against a Queensland club team pre-Lions series in 2013 was no help because they were too dominant.
"Our players ran through them relatively easily and it doesn't prepare you what you are going to face in the best team in the world," Hooper said.
Kurtley Beale passes the ball at ANZ Stadium last year.
"Can you find a team that's going to give you a really strong hitout, and be able to test your shape? I am not sure, and how you are going to fit that scheduling wise. You have guys who have already played a full season of Super Rugby, with a couple of Tests thrown in the mix there.
"The bodies are good to go. Maybe it is a bit of hard training against each other. I am not sure what the actual formula is."
Based on recent history, the formula for success is clear enough. The Wallabies have shown they have the capacity to beat New Zealand - including last-start in Brisbane - but their five wins over the All Blacks since 2007 have all come when they have played one or more games beforehand.
Asked if something different was needed given the run of losses in Sydney, Hooper pointed to 2014's 12-all draw when many Waratahs players only came in a week before. NSW won the 2014 title, after beating the Brumbies in the finals. Australia lost that series, too.
Hooper refused to be baited on the Folau issue.
The danger of relying on finals action in the current, Kiwi-dominated Super Rugby competition is a majority Australian players may not be play for month prior to the first Bledisloe Cup.
Hooper said the "ideal" situation would be as many Aussie teams playing finals for as long as possible.
After a 0-4 weekend for Aussie teams, pessimism is creeping back but Hooper said Australian rugby shouldn't drop its bundle after one bad round.
"We have to build resilience. One loss doesn't define your season, one loss doesn't mean you're a bad team," he said.
Hooper dead-batted talk of Israel Folau's recent furore, and when asked about Steve Hansen backing TJ Perenara's tweets, the Wallabies captain said: "That's what a coach does."
Hooper denied Wallabies players were scared to speak up on the Folau issue.
"I think there has been quite a bit said and a lot of people have said their part," he said.
"We are talking about getting his hamstring right. I have said my piece on that stuff. He is moving forward to get back on the field."

LIVE: Welcome to Fox Sports’ daily roundup of the stories you need to know about in the world of sports right now. Join us every weekday morning from 6.30am — 9am. Play on!
Bernie Vince and Nathan Jones celebrate a Demons win. Source: AAP
‘Stay humble’ — Jones’s message to impressive Dees
Melbourne Demons sit third on the ladder with seven wins from the ten rounds, but the team must “stay humble and respect the game” if they want to be a real force come the finals, Melbourne veteran Nathan Jones says.
The Dees are in uncharted waters, notching up a run of five straight wins for the first time since 2006.
But Jones says the group isn’t “getting ahead of [them]selves,” despite their strong results of late.
Saint’s captain Nick Riewoldt has been impressed with the Demons, but said he won’t earmark the Dees as premiership contenders until they score a big against “against a really quality opposition.”
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Marat Safin says it’s ‘party, party, party … then tennis’ for Tomic
Marat Safin was famous for his partying ways, but the former World No. 1 says he has nothing on our Aussie bad-boy.
Two-time major winner Safin told French paper L’Equipe that Bernie “holds all the [partying] records from what I heard.”
Safin called Federer the strongest player he’s ever faced, saying other players on tour (such as Djokovic or Wawrinka) “all say that they have his level but no one can reach him.”
He might not have the prettiest face — or the prettiest tackling technique — but Napa won’t calm down for State of Origin. Source: Getty Images
Napa ‘won’t be changing’ his aggro style
His combative approach has caused controversy — and injuries — but Dylan Napa has vowed not to back down for Origin.
“I definitely won’t be changing the way I play rugby league,” Napa told the Courier Mail.
“It’s got me to exactly where I’m standing right now in a Maroons jersey.”
His claim comes after a huge hit on Bronco’s Korbin Sims lefts Sims with a broken jaw, but Napa was not apologetic for his hard-hitting ways, saying he’s not responsible for accidents.
Messi's hat-trick warm-up 1:27
Iguodala confirmed out for Game I
The Golden State Warriors have confirmed they’ll be without forward Andre Iguodala for today’s opener in the NBA Finals.
The 34-year old Iguodala is known as the ‘brains’ on court for the Warriors — as well as their best defender against Cavs star LeBron James — and was named NBA Finals Most Valuable Player in Golden State’s 2015 championship team.
A bone bruise in his left leg, suffered in game three of the Western Conference finals, ruled him out of the last four games against the Houston Rockets.
“Based on how long it has been since it happened, I’m not too far away,” said Iguodala.
READ MORE.
Koby Stevens (right) just after a brutal head clash last year that left him feeling “really ill” for months. Source: AAP
Koby Stevens concussions ‘felt like a bomb had gone off’
In an emotional interview with Fox Footy’s On The Mark, St Kilda’s Koby Stevens has opened up on the impact of the concussions he’s faced in recent years, saying he has endured chronic headaches and dizziness.
Stevens said his worst concussion came in Round 21 last year, in the sickening head clash with Melbourne’s Angus Brayshaw.
He said “I wasn’t knocked out, but it felt like a bomb had gone off. I couldn’t hear anything and it hit me right in the ear drum, so for about 10 to 15 minutes I had ringing in my ears.”
Concussion symptoms have been under discussion in AFL circles this year, and Stevens’ story is likely to continue the push to protect players’ welfare.
READ MORE.
JL's strange 'marriage' test 1:15
Young Tonumaipea will walk (or slide) away from rugby league in July. Source: AAP
Storm star sensationally quits
Only weeks after Cameron Smith dropped his bombshell retirement, a Melbourne Storm teammate has decided to walk away.
Tonumaipea has decided to quit Storm after Origin to embark upon a two-year Mormon mission in Berlin, Germany.
Storm boss Dave Donaghy said “From our point of view he goes with our blessing. I take my hat off to him.”
READ MORE
David Pocock, Michael Cheika and Kurtley Beale. Source: FOX SPORTS
Cheika this out: five uncapped players in new-look Wallabies
Brumbies bolters Folau Fainga’a and Tom Banks are the surprise men in Michael Cheika’s 32-man Wallabies squad to tackle world No 2 Ireland in June.
The duo are among five uncapped players in the squad, but Cheika is still waiting on NZ Rugby to release Crusader’s forward Pete Samu to play for Australia, after signing a two-year deal with the Brumbies which gives him immediate right to represent the Wallabies.
“I have been told at this point I can’t select him. But there is a spot for him there,” Cheika said.
READ MORE.
Winners and losers from squad announcement
Marsh to prove leadership 0:52
Huddersfield Town manager David Wagner has signed a new contract with the club. Source: AP
Huddersfield extend Wagner’s EPL contract
Huddersfield Town — home of Socceroos’ star Aaron Mooy — has locked in their coaching staff for the next three seasons. Manager David Wagner and his two key assistants agreed deals to keep them with the Premier League side until the summer of 2021.
“The decision to extend my stay at this club was not a difficult one,” Wagner told the Terriers’ website.
“The relationship Christoph, Andy and I have with (chairman) Dean (Hoyle), the rest of the board, the staff and the supporters is special.”
Eoin Morgan is set to play against Australia in the ODIs in June. Source: Getty Images
Eoin Morgan gives pain the finger
Australia’s upcoming one-day international series against England will be a tough task, especially since England captain Eoin Morgan has been included in the squad.
Morgan fractured the ring finger on his right hand while out in the field in a recent one-dayer, but the England and Wales Cricket Board has claimed that he will play through the injury, despite missing crucial preparation matches for the series.
NSW Blues coach Brad Fittler watches his players during a training session. Source: AAP
How NSW, Qld can own Origin I’s great unknown
With so many debutants playing in the State of Origin series opener, there’s a number of huge question marks that will only be answered on game night.
Three former Origin stars have explained how each team can own the game’s great unknown.
READ MORE


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Question: New Zealand business confidence flat in April - ANZ Bank

this news article should be represented to find a fitting news title:

WELLINGTON, April 28 New Zealand business sentiment was largely unchanged in April, as gains in agriculture and construction were offset by less confidence in retailing and manufacturing, an ANZ Bank survey showed on Friday.
The survey's headline measure showed a net 11.0 percent of respondents expected the economy to improve over the year ahead. It compared with an optimism level of 11.3 percent in the previous poll.
A net 37.7 percent of respondents expected their own businesses to grow in the next 12 months, down from 38.8 percent last month. (Reporting by Charlotte Greenfield; Editing by Clarence Fernandez)

May 3 Gold held on Wednesday near a three-week low hit in the previous session on rising equities and a firmer dollar as markets waited for cues on an U.S. interest rate hike from the Federal Reserve later in the day. FUNDAMENTALS * Spot gold was down 50 cents at $1,256.29 per ounce, as of 0048 GMT. Bullion on Tuesday hit $1,251.37 per ounce, its lowest since April 10. * U.S. gold futures were little changed at $1,257.20 an ounce. * Stock markets inched higher on Wednesday and investors awaited the outcome of a two-day U.S. Federal Reserve policy meeting to be announced at 2 p.m. EDT (1800 GMT). * The U.S. Federal Reserve is expected to hold interest rates steady at its meeting this week as it pauses to parse more economic data but may hint it is on track for an increase in June. * The market's so-called fear gauge, the VIX volatility index , fell to its lowest since 2007 on Monday. * The U.S. dollar has been and will likely continue to be on a gentle weakening pattern, Jeffrey Gundlach, chief executive at DoubleLine Capital, said on an investor webcast late on Tuesday. * Sales of gold products by Australia's Perth Mint slumped to the lowest monthly figure in five years in April as prices remained steady despite strong fundamentals and simmering geopolitical tensions, the company said on Tuesday. * The European Central Bank bought more French and Italian bonds than its own rules allow last month, which probably helped keep financial markets calm in the tense run-up to the first round of France's presidential vote. * Factories across much of Asia got off to a solid start in the second quarter, buoyed by strong global demand, particularly for hi-tech gadgets which are leading a sizzling rally in electronics. * Promising to cut pensions and give taxpayers fewer breaks, Greece has paved the way for the disbursement of further rescue funds from international lenders and possibly opened the door to reworking its massive debt. * European manufacturers began the second quarter at a brisk pace, with the euro zone's factories increasing activity at the fastest rate in six years and Britain's still benefiting from a weak currency, surveys showed. DATA/EVENT AHEAD (GMT) 0800 Germany Unemployment rate Apr 0900 Euro zone GDP flash Q1 0900 Euro zone Producer prices Mar 1215 U.S. ADP national employment Apr 1400 U.S. ISM non-manufacturing PMI Apr 1800 Federal Reserve statement after two-day policy meeting (Reporting By Nallur Sethuraman in Bengaluru; Editing by Richard Pullin)


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Question: DomeShelter Australia’s Container Mounted Structures Provide Solutions for a Range of Industries

The weather-resistant properties of DomeShelter Australia’s CMDS make it beneficial to a range of industries. The CMDS’ flexible and functional design is ideal for relocating operations and for easing logistical concerns in case of inclement weather.
[CUNDERDIN, 30/5/2018] – DomeShelter Australia, a specialist in industrial shade and shelter solutions, offers the Container Mounted DomeShelter™ (CMDS), a robust, weather-resistant shelter system. The CMDS possesses properties that make it ideal for a wide range of applications spanning various industries.
Flexible, Relocatable Industrial Shelters
DomeShelter Australia’s Container Mounted DomeShelter™ is specifically designed to respond to the climatic challenges facing various industries. Harsh weather conditions may occasionally disrupt operations and require relocation to resume work.
As a versatile and relocatable container shelter, the CMDS is engineered to withstand Australian Wind Regions from Class A to D. The CMDS has a robust steel frame that can securely fit onto existing container shelters by welding, bolting or through Twistlock. The CMDS also has a functional design that makes it easy for shipping and logistics.
A Shelter for Various Applications and Industries
The weather-resistant properties of the Container Mounted DomeShelter™ present several benefits to a variety of industries.
For the oil and gas industries, the CMDS protects important goods from heat and moisture damage with excellent rain and UV protection. The same goes for the agriculture sector, which heavily relies on the light and heat-resistant properties of the CMDS to maintain the health of livestock.
Apart from the industrial sector, the CMDS is also applicable to events and the tourism industry. Ideal as both a temporary and long-term solution for venues, the CMDS provides a cool, translucent space that allows natural light to pass through without causing too much heat.
About DomeShelter Australia
An established family-owned business, DomeShelter Australia is a trusted name when it comes to industrial shade and shelter solutions. While the company manufactures products in line with the industrial challenges in Australia, DomeShelter Australia extends its services all over the world to provide tough, functional protection for goods and equipment.
To learn more about the company’s products and services, visit https://www.domeshelter.com.au.

Founded in 1972 by the late James H. Smythe, Habitec Security is headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, and operates two full-service branches in Columbus, Ohio, and Charlevoix, Mich. Full-Service Dealers with their Own In-House Security Monitoring Centers are Increasingly Turning to Third-Party Providers for a More Integrated Relationship TOLEDO, Ohio - Habitec Security, one of the largest privately-held security companies in the Midwest, has acquired three companies: Sentinel Alarm Company of Columbus, Ohio; MetaSECURE, a division of MetaLINK of Defiance, Ohio; and Central Security & Electronics of Traverse City, Mich.
Start the conversation, or Read more at Security Sales & Integration.


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Question: Surprise, Trump's Education Ideas Are Polarizing

In the last year, there's been a big drop in support for charter schools, while other forms of school choice are getting a little less unpopular. That's the top line of a national poll released today.
President Trump and his education secretary Betsy DeVos have put school choice front and center on their education agenda. The general idea of "choice," however, takes many forms.
Charter schools are paid for by tax dollars, charge no tuition and are managed independently of public school districts.
Vouchers allow students to use tax dollars to pay tuition at private schools.
Tax-credit scholarships, now available in 17 states, which allow individuals and companies to get a tax credit for donating to scholarship funds that are used in turn for private school tuition.
U.S. opinion on these ideas seems to be shifting, according to a new poll from EducationNext, an opinion and policy journal associated with free-market education reform ideas. They've been asking similar questions for the past decade.
Here are the latest results:
Charters: Last year 51 percent of the public supported "the formation of charter schools"; this year it's just 39 percent, a 12 point drop in one year.
Vouchers: 45 percent are either strongly or somewhat supportive of universal vouchers. That's a bounce from last year, but more or less in line with the five years before.
Tax credits: This was the most popular form of school choice with 55 percent of the general public supporting this year; also a one-year bounce, but in line with longer-term trends.
There's no one obvious explanation for the change in opinion on charter schools. The drop was seen among both Democrats and Republicans and amongst all racial and ethnic groups.
"That's the largest change on any survey item, and one of the largest single-year changes in opinion that we've seen over the 11-year history of the survey," Martin West, the editor in chief of EducationNext, said on a press conference call.
The wording of the question — about the formation of charter schools — may hold a clue. In theory, it might be possible to have very positive feelings about the charter schools currently in your community, yet still oppose new ones.
And the expansion of charters is exactly what communities around the country have been fighting over.
Last year the NAACP and Black Lives Matter called for a moratorium on the growth of charter schools (the NAACP called more recently for a ban on for-profit management of these schools). The state of Massachusetts saw a bruising fight over its charter cap. Detroit's proliferation of charters has been labeled "a glut" and "chaos." And charter expansion was the central issue in the school board race in Los Angeles, one of the biggest public school districts in the country.
The nationally representative poll breaks down respondents by political party, and there's a clear partisan divide on many issues, even as public opinion shifts. Last year, for example, 57 percent of Democrats favored universal vouchers, against 45 percent of Republicans. This year they've switched places: 62 percent of Republicans like them and only 50 percent of Democrats agree.
Zeroing in on that political divide, pollsters also measured what they called the "Trump effect." That is, how do responses change when some people are told that the president supports or opposes a particular issue?
They found that self-identified Republicans are more likely to support an issue if they are informed that Trump also supports it, while Democrats are the opposite. However, Trump's net influence is nearly nil, which makes him less of a force than President Obama was in this poll in 2009. Back then, when respondents on all sides were told the new President supported an education issue, they were more likely to back it, by double digits.
This poll, then, serves as a snapshot of what some have called the breakdown of a long-standing bipartisan consensus on education that dated back to No Child Left Behind.
Still, there is one enduring issue where blue- and red-state opinions are near-identical: approval of the local public schools. 55 percent of Republicans and 54 percent of Democrats give local schools a B or an A.

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'This is Our Nation, Now Get the F**k Out': Not the First Time America's Witnessed Hate, Not the Last


Question: Represent this title to get a news article that provides more details about it

Question: Lorraine: Will the Real Full Monty get naked?

Lorraine: Viewers accuse Lorraine Kelly of flirting with Diversity's Ashley Banjo as he REFUSES to confirm if the Full Monty cast will get naked during charity strip LORRAINE Kelly found herself getting all hot under the collar as she spoke to Ashley Banjo about the ITV special.
Lorraine: Lorraine Kelly was left flustered as she chatted about The Real Full Monty [ITV]
The Diversity frontman was on the morning chat show to discuss choreographing The Real Full Monty to awareness of multiple charities as well as mark the 20th anniversary of the hit film The Full Monty.
Eight celebrities are stripping off at the London Palladium having spent weeks preparing for their big moment, and Lorraine found herself blushing as attention turned to "what we would see" during the performance.
The Scottish beauty asked: "We're talking The Full Monty. Are we talking The Full Monty? Will we see it tonight?"
Lorraine: Ashley Banjo choreographed The Real Full Monty [ITV]
Lorraine: Ashley Banjo revealed that he could be stripping in the act too [ITV]
Ashley then joked about what "it" is and declared the shots would be "very tasteful".
The dancer then added: "But we can't do a programme called The Real Full Monty preaching about how men should go out and check themselves and not do the Full Monty. This is the real deal."
Undeterred, Lorraine then asked 28 year old if he'll be taking part in the performance.
When live TV goes horribly wrong Thursday, August 04, 2016 1 / 17
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Play slideshow When live TV goes horribly wrong Thursday, August 04, 2016 1 / 17
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Play slideshow Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield were given the shock of their lives when a lamp exploded on This Morning's set [YouTube/ITV]
From the multiple casualties on this years The Jump to THAT awful mix up on Miss Universe 2015, we're taking a look through the most awkward and shocking reality TV moments
Smiling, he replied: "That's the question I keep getting. My job was to go on and get them ready. But, all I'm going to say is, if I thought there was going to be any chance of me getting through this entire show without getting involved then I had another think coming!
Lorraine: Lorraine Kelly was full of praise for Ashley Banjo [ITV]
"I'm not going to reveal but people should watch."
And Lorraine found herself blushing ever more as she complimented Ashley on "taking care of himself" and his physique, while viewers tweeted about how much the host was flirting with the star.
Harry Judd, Wayne Sleep OBE, Elliott Wright, Danny John-Jules, Matthew Wolfenden, Dom Littlewood, Mark Foster and Alexander Armstrong will be baring all in the name of charity.
The one-off special follows the gang as they first started learning their routine to their all-star performance at the iconic theatre.
The Real Full Monty: Eight celebrities will strip for charity [ITV]
The show will be on ITV on Thursday 15 June at 8.30pm.
Lorraine continues weekdays at 8.30am on ITV.

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